-«T '*•■.''■-*»'.««.■ ;#;ti3«*«ia$'-*7i flj T - 1, v/ ^ BOUGHT WITH THE INCOME FROM THE SAGE ENDOWMENT FUND THE GIFT OF Henrg W. Sage 1S91 A..£a^^.:^... ^Xf/Il Cornell University Library BR560.N4 P31 olln 3 1924 029 255 275 Cornell University Library The original of tiiis bool< is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924029255275 LIVES CLERGY OF NEW YORK BROOKLYN: XMBBACINQ Two Hundred BiograpMes of Eminent Living Men in all Denominations. AIiBO, THZ HISTORY OF EACH SECT AND CONGREGATION. BY J. ALEXANDER PATTEN. ILLUSTRATED WITH PORTRAITS ON STEEL. "Lights of the Wobld, akd Stabs of Human race."— coKipe''. NEW YORK: ATLANTIC PUBLISHING COMPANY, 1874. Entebep, Aggqbding to Act of Conobess, nr the tsab 1874, By J. ALEXANDEB PATTEN, IN THE Office of the IjIbbabzan of Cong&ess, at Washtnoton. PREFACE. This volume is respectfully presented to the public as the result of mauy years of conscientious labor. A collection of the biographical facts relating to the clergy of the cities of New York and Brooklyn, and of the historical information concerning the different sects and churches, when carried to the extent of the present work, necessarily involves a vast amount of research and time. My rule has been, with a few exceptions, to make the acquaintance of each clergyman, and to obtain from himself the facts of his life, and then, by a thorough study of his character and attendance upon his preaching, to prepare myself for writing the personal descrip- tions and criticisms which are leading fbatures of the book. I have thus taken little second-hand information, but used my own original facts, and the opinions formed by personal ac- quaintance. The plan has also enabled me to make the bio- graphies correct in their stated facts, and more of personal portraitures than is possible where the subjects are unknown to the biographer. As the sketches were prepared, they ap- peared serially in two forms of publication (in one of them weekly for several years), and the popularity they uninterrupt- edly enjoyed was an assured proof of their fidelity to truth and the character of the individuals. It also led to their ex- amination by the subjects themselves, and the pointing out of typographical and other errors, so that in their present form they are, probably, as nearly correct, in all particulars, as is possible. To write the lives of living men is a delicate as well as a responsible task, and I can justly declare that, while I have drawn very close portraits, I have in no measure allowed my pen to be the vehicle of a wound. Two hundred and sixty-three biographies of the living clergy of New York and Brooklyn have been written. Of iv. PREFACE. this number two hundred and fourteen were originally pub- lished, forty-nine have since been prepared, and sixty-three persons of the original number have removed to other places or are deceased, leaving two hundred as the number in the preseht volume. Several of those included have died, and others removed while the book is in press, but these are ne- cessarily retained. Each of the sketches serially published has been revised, largely re-written, and brought down to date, and the new biographies are of all the leading clergy more recently called to the pulpits of the two cities. Great care has been given to the accuracy of the historical facts, which will be found reliable and useful for reference in relation to the different sects and churches. An Appendix furnishes various statistical tables of information for the same purpose. The Extracts from Sermons have been selected to show the greatest variety in style of thought and eloquence. In a word, every source of information, in individuals, records, books, and newspapers, has been diligently made use of in the different branches of the work. For the invariable cour- tesy and assistance which have been extended to me in all intercourse and investigations of this nature, I now express my grateful thanks. In concluding this review of the manner in which I have performed my long task, I venture to in- dulge the hope that it will be esteemed worthy of contin- ued public approbation. New Xork, 1874. co:n^tei^ts. PAGE Adams, Eev. Dr. William 9 Adler, Eabbi Dr. Samuel 12 Alexander, Kev. Dr. Samuel D 15 Anderson, Ber. Dr. G-alusha 18 Anderson, Kev. Dr. Thomas D . . . . 20 Armitage, Rev. Dr. Thomas 25 Bancroft, Eev. Dr. Lucius W 32 Beach, Eev. Dr. Alfred B 3^ Beecher, Eev. Henry Ward 37 Bellows, Eev. Dr. Henry W 42 Bjerring, Eev. Nicholas , 47 Boole, Eev. William H 49 Booth, Eev. Dr. Eobert E , 54 Budington, Eev. Dr. William I, . . . 57 Burchard, Eev. Dr. Samuel D 60 Camp, Eev. Stephen H 64 Carroll, Eev. Dr. J. Halsted 66 Campbell, Eev. Gawn 71 Carter, Eev. Dr. Abram B 74 Carter, Eev. Samuel T 77 Chadwick, Eev. John W 79 Chambers, Rev. Dr. Talbot W 81 Chapin, Eev. Dr. Edwin H 83 Chapman, Eev. John A. M 88 Cheever, -Eev. Dr. George B 90 Clark, Eev. Dr. Frederick G 92 Conkling, Eev. Nathaniel W 95 Conrad, Eev. Dr. Thomas E 98 Cooke, Eev. Dr. Samuel 102 Cookman, Eev. John E 106 Corbit, Eev. William P 109 Cox, Eev. Dr. Samuel H 112 Coxe, Eight Eev. A. Cleveland 116 Crosby, Eev. Dr. Howard 119 Cummins, Eev. Dr. George D. . . . 122 Cuyler, Eev. Dr. Theodore L 124 Da-srson, Eev. William C 128 Deems, Eev. Dr. Charles F 131 De Haas, Eev. Frank S 135 De Witt, Eev. Dr. Thomas 138 Diller, Eev. Dr. Jacob W 143 Dix, Eev. Dr. Morgan ." 146 Dowling, Eev. Dr. John 149 Draper, Kev. Dr. George B 152 Drowne, Eev. T. Stafford 156 Duffle, Eev. Dr. Cornelius R 160 Duryea, Rev. Dr. Joseph T 162 Eaton, Eev. Dr. Theodore A 166 Einhoin, Rabbi Dr. David 168 PAOB Elder, Rev. Joseph P 171 Enyard, Eev. William T 173 Ewer, Eev. Dr. Ferdinand O 177 Farley, Eev. Dr. Frederick A 180 Farrell, Eev. Father Thomas 182 Ferris, Eev. Dr. Isaac 184 Flagg, Eev. Dr. Edward 188 Fletcher, Eev. Charles 193 Forbes, Eev. Dr. John M 195 Foster,Eev.Bishop Eandolph S.,DD 199 Foss, Eev. Cyrus D 202 French, Eev. J. Clement 205 Frothingham, Eev. Ootavius B 208 Fulton, Eev. Dr. Justin D 211 Gallaher, Eev. Henry M 213 Gallaudet, Eev. Dr. Thomas. 216 Galleher, Eev. John N 220 Ganse, Eev. Dr. Harvey I) 223 Geer, Eev. Dr. George J 225 Geissenhainer, Rev. Dr. F. W. 228 Gilts, Eev. Dr. Chauncey 231 Gillette, Eev. Dr. A. D 235 GiUett, Eev. Dr. Ezra H 237 Gottheil, Eabbi Dr. Gustav. 239 Hall, Eev. Dr. Charles H 241 Hall, Eev. Dr. John 246 Haight, Eev. Dr. Benjamin 1 250 Hamilton, Eev. Samuel M 253 Hanna, Eev. Thomas A. T 255 Haskins, Eev. Dr. Samuel M 257 Hastings, Eev. Dr. Thomas S 261 Hecker, Eev. Father Isaac T 264 Hepworth, Eev. George H 266 Holme, Eev. Dr. J. Stanford 270 Houghton, Eev. Dr. George H 273 Howland, Eev. Dr. Eobert S 276 Hoyt, Eev. Wayland 279 Huebsch, Eabbi Dr. Adolphns 282 Hunt, Eev. Dr. Albert S 285 Hutton, Eev. Dr. Mancius S. 287 Ingersoll, Eev. Edward P .289 Inglis, Eev.. Dr. David 291 Inskip, Eev. John S 293 Irving, Eev. Dr. Theodore 296 Isaacs, Eabbi Samuel M 299 Janes,Eev.BishopEdmund,S., D.D. 303 Johnson, Eev. Daniel V. M 308 Jutten, Eev. David B 311 vt CONTENTS. PAGE Kimball, Kev. Dr. Joseph 313 Krotel, Eev. Dr. G. Frederick 316 Lawrence, Eev. Dr. Francis E 319 Litttejohn, Eight Eev. Dr. A. N. . . 322 Lowry, Eev. Eobert 326 Ludlow, Eev. Dr. James M 328 Lundy, Eev. Dr. John P 331 Lyman, E«v. Albert J 333 MaoArthur, Eev. Eobert S 335 McCloskey, Most Eev. Dr. John. . . 337 MoElioy, Eev. Dr. Joseph 343 McGlynn, Eev. Father Edward, D.D. 346 McJilton, Eev. Dr. John N 350 MoLeod, Eev. Dr. John N.' 354 McVickar, Eev. W. Neilson 358 Malone, Eev. Father Sylvester, 361 Mandeville, Eev. Dr. G. Henry 362 Mikels, Eev. William S 366 Milburn, Eev. William H 368 Miller, Eev. Dr. D. Henry 373 Mitchell, Eev. David 375 Montgomery, Eev . Dr. Henry E. . . 378 Moore, Eev. Dr. David 381 Morgan, Eev. Dr. "William F 383 Morrill, Eev. Father Charles W 387 Muhlenberg, Eev. Dr. William A . . 391 Murray, Eev. Dr. James 393 Newell, Rev. Dr. William W 399 Northrop, Eev. Henry D 402 Ogilby, Rev. Dr. Frederick 405 Ormiston, Rev. Dr. William 407 Osborn, Eev. Dr. Abraham 411 Osgood, Eev. Dr. Samuel. 415 Paddock, Rev. Dr. John A 417 Paddock,Eight Rev.Dr.Benjamiu H. 419 Partridge, Eev. Alfred H. 421 Paxton, Rev. Dr. William M 423 Pendleton, Rev. William H. 428 Pomeroy, Rev. Charles S 430 Porter, Eev. Dr. Elbert S 432 Potter, Eight Rev. Dr. Horatio 437 Potter, Rev. Dr. Henry 0. 439 Powers, Eev. Henry 442 Prentiss, Eev. Dr. George L 445 Preston, Rev. Father Thomas S 449 Price, Eev. Dr. Joseph H 452 Prime, Eev. Dr. Samuel Irenseus . . . 454 Pulhnan, Eev. James M. 456 Putnam, Eev. Dr. Alfred P. 461 Quackenbush, Eev. Dr. D. McL. . . 466 Eeed, Eev. Dr. Alexander. 468 Keid, Eev. William 47I Kdgaway, Eev. Dr. Henry B 474 PAQE Eiley, Eev. Isaac 476 Eobinson, Eev. Dr. Charles S 479 Eockwell, Eev. Dr. J. Edson 483 Rogers, Eev. Dr. Ebenezer P 487 Eossiter, Eev. Stealy B 489 Eylance, Eev. Dr. James H 491 Sabme, Rev. William T 494 Schaff, Eev. Dr. Phihp 496 Sohenck, Eev. Dr. Noah H 499 Scott, Rev. Dr. William A 604 Scudder, Eev. Dr. Henry Martyn . . 608 Seabury, Eev. William J 510 Seaver, Eev. Dr. Norman 513 Seymour, Eev. Dr. George F 515 Shedd, Eev. Dr. WiUiam G. T 519 Sloss, Eev. Dr. Eobert 520 Smith, Eev. Dr. John Cotton 523 Smith, Eev. Dr. J. Hyatt. 527 SniveJy, Eev. William A 529 Southgate, Eight Eev. Dr. H 531 Spear, Eev. Dr. Samuel T 533 Spring, Rev. Dr. Gardiner 535 Storrs, Rev. Dr. Richard S 539 Street, Eev. Thomas 542 Stryker, Eev. Dr. Peter. 544 Sweetser, Rev. Edwin C 548 Talmage, Rev. T. De Witt 550 Taylor, Rev. Dr. William M 555 Taylor, Eev. Dr. Elisha E. L 559 Thomas, Eev. Jesse B 562 Thompson, Eev. Dr. Hugh Miller.. 565 Thompson, Eev. Dr. Alexander E.. 567 Thompson, Eev. Dr. Joseph P 570 Thomson, Eev. Dr. John 573 Thrall, Eev. George E 576 Tuttle, Eev. Dr. Isaac H 579 Tyng, Eev.. Dr. Stephen H. . , 583 Tyng, Jr., Eev. Dr. Stephen H. ... 587 Van Dyke, Eev. Dr. Henry J 590 Vermilye, Eev. Dr. Thomas E 593 Verren, Eev. Dr. Antoine 597 Vidaver, Eabbi Dr. Henry. '601 Vincent, Eev. Dr. Marvin R. .. 603 Washburn, Eev. Dr. Edward A 605 Weed, Eev. Dr. Levi S 608 Wells, Eev. Dr. John D -613 Weston, Rev. Dr. Sullivan H 617 Wild, Eev. Dr. Joseph 621 Williams, Eev. Dr. William E 624 Wilson, Eev. James D 627 Appendix 631 Eecent Facts and changes 7 EBCENT FACTS AND CHANGES. While our volume is in press, various recent facts and ctanges, relating to the clergy who are included in it, are to be noticed as follows : — Eev. Isaac Ferris, D. D., LL. D., died June 16th, 1873, in his seventy-jfifth year. Eev. Gardiner Spring, D. D., bom February 24th, 1785, died August 18th, 1873, in the eighty-ninth year of his age. Eev. Antoine Yerren, D. D., born in 1801, died March 17th, 1874, aged seventy-three years. Eev. John N. McLeod, D. D., died April 27th, 1874, in his sixty- eighth year. Eev. Thomas De Witt, D. D., died May 18th, 1874, in his eighty- third year. Eev. Elisha E. L. Taylor, D. D., died August 18th, 1874, in the fifty-ninth year of his age. Eev. Henry E. Montgomery, D. D., died October 15th, 1874, in his fifty-fourth year. Eev. Dr. William Adams, having been elected President of the Union Theological Seminary, New York, preached his farewell ser- mon as pastor of the Madison Square Presbyterian Church, on Sun- day, April 19th, 1874. His inauguration as President took place on the occasion of the thirty-eighth anniversary of the Seminary, May 11th, 1874. Eev. Dr. George L. Prentiss, formerly of the Church of the Covenant, New York, was also installed as Professor of Pastoral Theology, Church Polity, and Missionary Work. The new edifice of the Tompkins Avenue Presbyterian Church, Brooklyn, of which the Eev. Dr. Frederick G. Clark is pastor, was dedicated on the evening of February 12th, 1874. On Sunday, April 26th, 1874, the Eev. William F. Sabine, rec- tor of the Episcopal Church of the Atonement, New York, preached a sermon, announcing his secession from the Protestant Episcopal to the Eeformed Episcopal Church. He resigned his rectorship, and organized a new congregation, who hold services in the church, on the corner of Madison avenue and Forty-seventh street. New York. Eev. Dr. Samuel Adler, the senior pastor of the Jewish congre- gation Temple Emanuel, has been retired on an annuity for life. Eev. Dr. Henry Vidaver, of the congregation Bnai Jeshurun, vin New Yorlc, received and accepted a call from a congregation in San Francisco, California. Eev. John A. M. Chapman, formei-ly of St. John's Methodist Church, Brooklyn, commenced preaching at St. Paul's, New York, on Sunday, September 6th, 1874. Eev. Levi S. Weed, recently of the John Street Methodist, New York, has been appointed to the Carroll Park Church, Brooklyn. Eev. Octavius B. Frothingham has published two new works, viz: "The Eeligion of Humanity," and the "Life of Theodore Parker." Eev. Dr. William W. Newell has resigned the pastorship of the Allen Street Presbyterian Church. Eev. William T. Enyard is now the pastor of the Eeformed Church, Brighton Heights, Staten Island, New York. Eev. Dr. Henry B. Eidgaway, left the charge of St James' Meth- odist Church (Ha,rlem), New York, for an extended period of travel in the Holy Land : Eev. Dr. Cyrus D. Foss has been appointed to St. James'. Eev. John B. Cookman is now the pastor of the Tremont Street Methodist Church, Boston, Mass, Eev. Henry Powers has resigned the pastorship of the Church of the Messiah (Unitarian), New York. Eev. Dr. John Dowling has retired from the active ministry. Eev. Wayland Hoyt is now the pastor of the Shawmut Avenue Baptist Church, Boston, Mass. Lee Avenue Baptist Church, Brooklyn, by reason of its adher- ence to the practice of open communion, was dropped from the list of the Long Island Association, under the protest of its pastor, Eev. J. Hyatt Smith. The confirmation of the Eev. Dr. George F. Seymour, as Episco- pal Bishop of Illinois, having occasioned an issue in the high and low church question, it was defeated in the General Convention. ^=^^:k^ 5 ■' t !ii ; REV. WILLIAM ADAMS, D. D., PA.STOK. OF THE M:A.r>ISO]V ©QXJA.Il.I3 rHESBY- TERIATV CHUKCH, NEW YOKIC. I EV. DR WILLIAM ADAMS, son of John Adams, was born at Colchester, Conn., in 1813. When an infant he was taken to Andover, Mass., where his father became the principal of an academy. The elder Adams was one of the most celebrated teachers of his day, and had among his pupils some of the greatest Bible scholars our country has produced. Trained by his father, and a protege of Professor Stuart, young Adams had also the advantage of constant association with such men ms Judson, Gordon Hall, Newell, and many others. As a boy, his fixst dollar was given to the Missionary cause. He settled at Brighton near Boston, where his ministry was successful. The ill health of his wife induced him to come to the city of New York, to pass the winter. In 1840 he accepted a call to the Broome Street or Central Presbyterian Church of New York, and for many years was its most efficient and beloved pastor. A large portion of this congregation, who thought it advisable to remove to the upper part of the city, withdrew with Dr. Adams, in 1853, and erected an elegant church edifice on the corner of Madison avenue and Twenty-fourth street, and became known as the Madison Square Presbyterian Church. The building fronts Madison Square and the Fifth Avenue Hotel, and all its surroundings are very fine. It was erected at a cost of one hundred and seventy-five thousand dollars, all of which came from voluntary subscriptions. The dedication took place in December, 1854. The congregation has always been large, and now numbers many of the most influential men of the city. Being unable to maintain themselves down-town, the Central Church at length sold their building, and removed to a point up-town much beyond even the field occupied by Dr. Adams. In appearance, Dr. Adams is a tall, erect finely-proportioned 9 KEY. "WILLIAM ADAMS, D. D. man, going down the decline of life, but still hale and vigorous. He has regular, well-defined features, and a cheerful, intellectual face. His eyes are bright and penetrating, his mouth is expressive of much decision of character, and his brow has not less o: physical symmetry than evidences of mental endowment To this striking and attractive presence, he adds manners at once polished and las- cinating. He exhibits an easy, becoming dignity, but he is very affable and approachable, being so finished a gentleman. In pubhc and private his bearing is marked by an entire self-possession, and a happy adaptability to circumstances and persons. He has a genial, companionable disposition, and none save ennobling qualities of heart. Dr. Adams has greatly distinguished himself in the authorship of occasional sermons and addresses. He wields an eloquent as well as a learned pen, and whatever he writes is worthy of permanent preservation. Much that he has written has been printed, and en- joyed an extended circulation. Among his books may be named "The Three Gardens — Eden, G-ethsemane, and Paradise," and " Thanksgiving." His lectures on the " Catacombs of Eome," delivered to a crowded audience in Association Hall, was one of the most interesting ever given to a New York audience. Of the many thousands who have visited those monuments of early Christianity in the Eternal City, we believe Dr. Adams was the first to read and interpret correctly the Greek and Latin inscriptions on them ; and he has thus furnished a key to all biblical students, whereby the mysteries of revelation and the facts of history may be understood and appreciated. His sermons are all able, and show his great theological as well as literary culture. He never preaches such a thing as an indifferent sermon — it is, in fact, an impossibility with him. All are grand in thought and majestic in eloquence. While he does not turn aside from the course of religious argument, he interweaves with his rea- soning attractive cullings from literature and much that is imaginative. Powerful and scholarly arguments, they are also affecting Christian appeals to sinners. His voice is mellow, though of ftdl compass for the largest building, his tall, erect figure imparts additional impres- siveness to his delivery and gestures. He is equally happy as an extemporaneous speaker, showing a remarkable fiuency of chaste, affective language. Dr. Adams belongs to the order of ministers wbo carry dignity KEY. WILLIAM ADAMS, D. D. and propriety as well as power into the sacred desk. They are intellectual men, prepared for their work by study, experience, and talents ; and they are consistent men, living godly lives, and main- taining the dignity as well as the purity of the religious life. In the light of their abilities ignorance and sin shrink away abashed, and confronted with their force and influence of character public senti- ment is arrested and controlled. This is the nature of the position occupied by Dr. Adams in his denomination, and with the public at large. His influence is at all times commanding and wide spread, and he stands in the church and the community as the representative of the highest religious, moral and intellectual power. Probably the pastoral relations of Dr. Adams are as agreeable as those of any man in the ministry. He is admired and beloved by his people, and he is as sincerely attached to them. They belong to a cultivated class, and he has the pleasure of knowing that his learned efforts in the pulpit are not thrown away on nn appreciative minds. His church is always Crowded, and there is no want of reli- gions zeal. He is also very comfortable as far as worldly goods are concerned, as his own personal wealth is said to exceed one hundred thousand dollars. He resides in a fine mansion at the rear of the church on Twenty-fourth street. Although Dr. Adams has now grown gray in the ministry, and although his efforts have always been incessant and zealous in the utmost degree, still there is no abatement of his energies, and most likely will not be. His pride is to be in the harness, and to make every hour useful in behalf of his fellow-men. Hence he goes con- stantly among his people, with his gentle words of instructio::^, counsel and cheer ; and he teaches in his pulpit with an affectionate concern for his hearers, which never fails in impressing the most un- concerned to be found in a public assemblage. 11 REY. SAMUEL IDLER, PH. D, KAT3BI O;^ THE TEIUPIjE EM:A.1VUEIj CONGRE- GA.TION, 3VEW YOKIt. IeV. dr. SAMUEL ADLERwas bom in the city of Worms, on the Rhine, in 1810. He is a son of the late distincruished Jacob J. Adler, who was rabbi of the con- gregation at that place. He commenced the study of the 5^ Hebrew language, the Bible, and the Talmud, at an early age, -" under the superintendence of his father. At fourteen, the death of his father caused him to leave horhe, and repair to Frankfort-on- the-Maine, there to pursue his studies at the Talmudical High School. Later, he studied under the Rabbi Bamburg in his native town, and also, by his own exertions, sought to fit himself for the University. Prom 1831 to 1836 he frequented the Universities of Bonn and Griessen. The study of philosophy, and especially that of Oriental philology, were pursued with great zeal and grasp of mind. In the spring of 1836 he returned to Worms, where he was at once installed as preacher and religious instructor of the congregation, to which office was added that of instructor of all the Jewish schools. He now first appeared as the champion of reform, and took the ear- liest steps toward the purification and improvement of public wor- ship among the Israelites of that entire section of country. Quick to seize every opportunity to inculcate his views, he awakened great interest in his proceedings, and, comparatively young as he was be- came a man of commanding influence. In 1842, he received charge of the rabbinical district of Alzei an extensive, and as yet uncultivated field of labor. Such was the success of his efforts, that in a few years the whole community of Alzei had obtained for itself, throughout Germany, a name which compared favorably with that of the richest and largest congrega- tions. He was one of the most active members of the convocation of German Rabbins of 1844-46. In 1854, he accepted an enffao-ement 1^ BEV. SAMUEL ADLEE, PH. D, as rabbi and preacher of the Jewish congregation at Limberg, in Galicia, but which was not falfiUed, by reason of unforeseen cir- cumstances. The death of the Eev. Dr. Merzbacher, rabbi of the Eeform congregation of the Temple Emanuel in New Yorlc, left an important vacancy, which Dr. Adler was invited to fill, in the fall of 1856. He accepted, and is still discharging the duties of the position. He received the diploma of Doctor of Philosophy from the University of Giessen. The Temple Emanuel congregation was or- ganized about twenty-eight years ago, and is now one of great wealth and influence. They worship in a synagogue on the corner of Fifth Avenue and Forty-third Street, which is not excelled in magnificence by any church or other building of the city. At the beginning of the organization, there were only fifteen poor men, and the first preaching was in a room of a private house. Afterward, preaching was held in Chrystie street, and later, a handsome syna- gogue was opened in Twelfth street The success of the congrega- tion at length led to the building of the synagogue on Fifth avenue, which was duly consecrated, September 11th, 1868. This structure cost, with the ground, between six and seven hundred thousand dollars, and seats some eighteen hundred people. In the Jewish temples of the reform school, the sexes are not seated separately. The choir is accompanied by an organ or melo- deon. The male worshipers in the orthodox synagogues wear their hats arid silk praying scarfs, or Taleihs, during service ; in the reform temples they do not. The abandonment of the old ritual has led to the introduction of several new forms of prayer and em- bodiments of principles, which have frequently only local accepta- tion. Thus there are distinct rituals at Cincinnati, Baltimore, San Francisco, Philadelphia, New York, and other cities. The reform movement is German in its origin, but its. development has been American. In Europe the traditions and prejudices of the people, combined with their political condition, retard such a reform : while in the United States, free institutions and their teachings have pro- moted it. The first reform congregation in the United States was in Charleston ; but there are now some forty throughout the country. Dr. Adler revised the prayer book for his own congregation, and by his great scholarship has given influence to the whole movement. The Jewish clergy are generally profound men. Their studies are thorough, into the very sources of theological learning, and from both inclination and habit, these laborious investigations are contin- 13 REV. SAMUEL ADLEB, PH.D. ued as long as they live. Superficial study is distasteful to them, and they place no reliance on the opinions or preaching of any man who does not first prove himself worthy of attention by deep and scholarly preparation. They are very critical and close in their esti- mate of the ability of each otber, and they are apt to treat with a sneer the presumed learning of clergymen of Christian sects. In both the orthodox and reform churches of the Jews, there are men of the highest reputation for learning, and, consequently, each side is maintained with all the strength of scholarship and faith. The newspaper organs of both are also well conducted, and enjoy a lib- eral patronage. Their discussions are always going on, but with the dignity of learning, rather than any personal acrimony. Take them all in all, there is no religious class of the community who present a more prosperous and respectable attitude, as a sect and as individ- uals, than the Jews of New York. Dr. Adler preaches in the German language, and occasionally lectures in English. Though he speaks quite well in the latter tongue, he states that he does not care to use it in public. Sermons in English are regularly delivered by a learned associate, the Eev. Dr. Gottheil, formerly of Manchester, England, called for the purpose. Each of these gentlemen receives six thousand dollars a year. Dr. Adler's sermons are extemporaneous, but show profound thought in his previous preparation. He is a learned theologian, in the full ' meaning of the term, and hence he is at no loss as a teacher of sa- cred things, to control the human mind and heart Fervent and elo- quent in expressing himself, his language is well chosen, and his manner dignified and impressive. In private life he is a man of at- tractive qualities, and is sometimes given to merriment His taste and habits, however, are mostly of a scholarly nature, and he is generally found absorbed in his books and reflections. He is under the medium height, with a round head. The face is large, having regular and expressive features. It conveys full evidence that he is a man of thoroughly sincere character, and great patience and ear- nestness of effort Whatever he under, akes is done without show but with unwavering energy, and a happy adaptation of means to the end in view. With the history of Jewish reform in Germany but more especially in the city of New York, his name will be forever associated. Profound in learning and conscientious in duty he has won success for his cause, and imperishable honor for himsel£ 14 REV. SAMUEL D. ALEXANDER, D. D., PAJSTOR OF THE I»HILIjII«S M:EM:OK,IA.Xi MIES- BYTERIA3V CHUKCHT. I EV. DR. SAMUEL D. ALEXANDER was born at Prince- ton, New Jersey, May 3d, 1819. He is the son of the late and distinguished Eev. Dr. Archibald Alexander, Professor of the Theological Seminary at New Brunswick, and brother of the late Rev. Dr. Joseph Addison Alex- ander, noted as a commentator on the Scriptures and an Orien- tal scholar, and of the late Rev. Dr. James W. Alexander, a man of high position in the Presbyterian denomination, and at the time of his death pastor of the Fifth avenue and Nineteenth Street Church, New York. The Alexander family, who were Scotch and Scotch-L-ish Pres- byterians, made early settlements in New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and North Carolina. A tradition connected with the fam- ily relates that on the eve of the departure of seven brothers of the name from Ireland for the New World, they sent to Scotland for their old minister to come and baptize their children and administer the ordinances to them. Says the account : ' ' The minister, a faithful and fearless man, came at the inTitatiou ; the family and their effects were embarked with due secrecy and quietness ; the minister was taken on board the vessel and the sacrament of baptism was administered to the younger members of the family with the solemnity and prayerfulness becoming the circumstances. Just then a company of armed men that were prowling about came on board the vessel, broke up the meeting, and carried the minister to a place of confinement. "The company were in consternation, fearing the same fate for themselves, and distressed about leaving their minister in this unhappy condition, brought on him for their Sakes. Toward night the old mother, who had been piously covenanting for her grandchildren, exclaimed, ' Mun gang ye awn, tak our minister out o' the jaU, and tak him, guid soul, wi' us to Amarika.' Her voice had never been diso- 15 REV. SAMUEL D. ALEXANDER, D. B. beyed. Before morning the minister was on board and the vessel out of the harbor. He was persuaded to go along with them iu their pilgrimage. With many prayers and thanksgivings they were landed safely on Manhattan Island." During his lifetime the minister followed their emigrations, and assisted them in their schools and in training their children. Their baptisms and marriages generally took place at the time of his an- nual visit. The subject of our notice was graduated at the College of New Jersey, sometimes called Nassau Hall, in 1838, and at Princeton Theological Seminary in 1847. During an interval before entering upon his theological course he studied natural philosophy under Professor Joseph Henry, LL. D., now of the Smithsonian Institute, and gave his attention to civil engineering, and subsequently studied law, but never sought admission to the bar. He was licensed in May, 1847, and ordained in November of the same year, when he settled as pastor of the Eichmond Presbyterian Church, in Philadel- phia, remaining there three years. In 1856, he removed to the city of New York, and was installed in his present pastoral relations in connection with the Fifteenth Street Presbyterian Church. The organization of this congregation took place September 8th, 1844, with twenty-seven members, and was one of the early up-town move- ments. For many years the building occupied was a plain but commodious structure, which was erected by the munificence of James Lenox, Esq., of New York. More recently the congregation has followed a second up-town migration, and is now located on the corner of Madison Avenue and Seventy-third street. A new chapel has been built, and a large main edifice is now being erected at a cost of about ninety thousand dollars, on Madison Avenue. The title of the con- gregation has been changed to the Phillips Memorial Church. Dr. Alexander received his degree of D. D. from Washington College, Pennsylvania, in 1863. He is the author of a work, in one volume, entitled " History of the Irish Presbyterian^Church." ' Dr. Alexander is tall, equally proportioned, and of erect, easy carriage. His head is round and small, but perfectly formed, with prominent intellectual characteristics. He has straight light brown hair, wears side whiskers, and looks his full age. Without anything like hasty familiarity or desire to be communicative, he has a friend- liness of manner and a frankness of address by which he gracefully and agreeably places himself on the best footing with you. There Is no show of self-importance, but the most simple and unassuming REV- SAMUEL T) . ALEXANDER, D. D. deportmetit throughout. You find yourself intimate with him as soon as you are acquainted, and long association only adds to the good opinion and esteem which the earliest intercourse is certain to engender. He has a well-stored mind, but is rather secretive in re- gard to his learning, from the two causes of modesty of his acquire- ments and an aversion to pedantry. His writings display more of his qualifications in this respect than his conversation. He argues closely and elaborately, but' with such freedom of diction and clear- ness of conception that there is neither tediousness nor obscurity. He thinks boldly and vigorously, and he writes with quite as much conciseness of expression and energy of application. Following in the footsteps of his father and brothers, he is a critical student of the Bible, and there are few who think more profoundly when expound- ing its pages. Dr. Alexander has excellent capabilities as a pulpit speaker. His voice is soft and agreeable, entirely under his control, and, with- out being strictly oratorical, his style is highly effective. He has only a moderate amount of gesture, and there is nothing which at all tends to display. But he commands the undivided attention of the auditor, because he never fails to present thought which is not less original than conclusive. There is sufficient warmth and imagi- nation to prove that the quick feelings and ardent mind are both at work ; but the more efficient element of the discourse is broad com- mon sense and substantial logic. 1? REV. GALUSHA ANDERSON, D. D., f»A.STOIl OF THE STRONG PLiA-CE BAJ'TISX CliUBCH, BllOOK^tiYlV. JEV. DR GALUSHA ANDEESON was bom at Bergen, Genesee County, New York, March 7th, 1882. He waa graduated at the University of Eochester, in 1854, and in theology at the Eochester Theological Seminary in 1856. During the same year he was first settled over the First Baptist Church at Janesville, "Wisconsin, where he re- mained two years. He then went to the Second Church of St. Louis, remaining eight years, and accomplishing results in his ministry, not less unusual than satisfactory to himself and the community. The agitation and bitterness of feeling which affected all classes in Missouri, and in St. Louis especially, at the opening of the war with the South, are well known. Dr. Anderson at once took strong ground in his pulpit and out of it, in favor of the Union, and the re- sult was the loss of a large number of his congregation. A thanks- giving sermon on " Obedience to Government," preached on the 27th of November, 1862, at the time published in the local papers, and subsequently in Moore's " Eebellion Eecord," brought him into great prominence in this matter. He continued his advocacy of the Union and remained with the part of the congregation who were loyal, gradually regaining in numbers, until at the close of the war the congregation was numerically stronger than before. He regards his work at that period with a vivid recollection of its difficulties, as well as a pleasing satisfaction as to the prosperous condition in which he finally left the restored congregation. In 1866 he was elected to the chair of Homiletics, Church Polity, and Pastoral Duties in the Bap- tist Theological Institution at Newton, Mass.", which he filled with marked success for seven years, until called to his present pastor- ship. He commended his work with the Strong Place Baptist Church of Brooklyn on the first Sunday of October, 1873. The Strong Place congregation was organized by the Rev. Dr. Elisha E. L. Taylor, who for more than twenty years was one of the 18 REV. GALUSHA ANDERSON, D.I). most active clergymen of Brooklyn. A stone cbapel was built in Strong Place in whicli worship was commenced in 1849. During 1851-2 a large and elegant structure of red free-stone was erected, fronting on Degraw street, and dedicated on the 19th of September, 1852. The cost, aside from the seven lots of ground, was a little over seventy thousand dollars. The last dollar of debt upon the entire church property was paid in 1863. Dr. Taylor was highly successful, and gathered a congregation large in numbers and powerful in wealth and social influence. Up to 1863 one thousand members joined the church, five hundred of whom were received on profession of their faith, and baptized. Dr. Taylor's health at length became much impaired, so that he could not preach regularly, and finally he determined to retire altogether from the active work of the ministry. His congregation made ample provision for him in a pecuniary way for his life time, giving him the sum of twenty thousand dollars. In 1867 Dr. Taylor was suc- ceeded by the Eev. "Wayland Hoyt, who remained until 1873. Dr. Anderson received his degree of D. D. from the University of Rochester in 1866. He has been a frequent contributor to the Bap- tist Quarterly, and other publications. He is of the medium height, and equally proportioned. His head is round, with regular and expressive features. His hair is slightly gray, and he looks rather older than his years. From his countenance you may readily understand him to be a man of energetic pur- pose, and a lover of right and propriety in all things. He looks into the motives of individuals, and the probabilities of events with a great deal of keen penetration, and he is not often at fault in either his deductions or proceedings. In his nature he is genial, and full of kindness and sympathy, but after all, he is stern in his judgment, and unswerving in his devotion to principle and duty. He is, in fact, a person whose quick impulse is to be just and friendly with all men, but wbo is equally certain to hold them to uprightness and virtue as the price of his esteem. He deservedly enjoys a high rank as a scholar and preacher. There is nothing superiScial in his attainments in any particular. He shows the substance, vigor, and power of thought in all that he attempts, and in teaching and expounding he is not surpassed by any clergyman of his denomination. REV. THOMAS D. ANDERSON, D. D., PA-STOR OF THE FIItST 1BA.FTIST CHUKCH, NETV YOKIC. JEV. DR. THOMAS D. ANDERSON was bom in Phila- i) delphia June 30th, 1819, but passed much of his earlier ^ years in the city of Washington, whither his parents had removed. He was graduated at the University of Penn- sylvania in 1838, and in theology at the Newton Theological S Institute, in 1841. He was ordained .and settled in 1842 as pastor of the First Baptist Ohiirch of Salem, Mass., where he re- mained six years. Impaired health induced him to resign in February, 1848, but in the following June he again assumed pastoral labors in connection with the First Baptist Church of Roxbury, which continued through a period of nearly four years. During his sojourn with them, the congregation erected a new brick and mastic Gothic church edifice, with a spire two hundred feet high, which is considered one of the most beautiful buildings of the kind in the country. Though greatly attached to his people and to the place, so celebrated for its rural charms and social culture, he nevertheless felt it his duty to accept a call in another field of vast importance. In January, 1862, he became pastor' of the First Baptist Church, Broome street, New York, formerly under the pastorship of the late Rev. Dr. Spencer H. Cone. Dr. Anderson's publications consist of occasional sermons and addresses. In July, 1850, he delivered, before the city government and citizens of Roxbury, a funeral oration on Zachary Taylor, late President of the United States ; and in January, 1860, he delivered the "Election Sermon," annually given before the Executive and Legislative Departments of the Grovemment of Massachusetts. His degree of D. D. was bestowed by Brown University in 1859. Previous to the year 1669 there was preaching in the city of New York, according to the Baptist faith, by one William Wickenden, of Rhode Island, who was imprisoned several mouths for presuming to 20 KEV. THOMAS D. ANDERSON, D. D, preacli without a license from an officer of the crown. In 1712 Mr. Valentine Wightman, from Groton, Connecticut, preached with con- siderable success. This clergyman was invited to the city by a Baptist brewer, named Mcholas Eyers, who organized the first con- gregation. The following petition appears among the public records of New York of 1721 : " To his Excellency William Burnet, Esq., Captain General and Govemor-iu-Chief of the province of New York and New Jersey, and the territories depending on them in America, and Vice-Admiral of the same. " The humble petition of Nicholas Eyers, brewer, a Baptist teacher in the city of New York. " Sheweth unto your Excellency that on the first Tuesday of February, 1715, at a general quarter sessions of the peace held -at the city of New York, the hired house of your petitioner, situate in the broad street of this city, between the house of John Michel Eyers and Mr. John Spratt, was registered for an Anabaptist meeting-house within this city. That the petitioner has it certified under the hands of sixteen in- habitants of good faith and credit, that he had been a public teacher to a Baptist congregation within the city for four years, and some of them for less. That he has it certified by the Hon. Bip Van Dam, Esq., one of his Majesty's council for the pro- vince of New York, to have hired a house in this city from him January 1st, 1720, only to be a public house for the Baptists, which he still keeps ; and as he has ob- tained from the Mayor and Recorder of this city an ample certificate of his good be- havior and innocent conversation, he therefore humbly prays : " May it please your Excellency "To grant and permit this petitioner to execute the ministerial function of a min- ister within this city to a Baptist congregation, and to give him protection therein according to His Majesty's gracious indulgence extended towards the Protestants dissenting from the Established Church, he being willing to comply with all that is required by the act of toleration from dissenters of that persuasion in Great Britain, and being owned for a reverend brother by other Baptist teachers.. And as in duty bound the petitioner shall ever pray, &c. "NicHOiiAs Eyees." Mr. Eyers organized a church of twelve members in 1724, who purchased lots and built a house of worship on Gold street After about eight years' existence the congregation numbered only twenty- four members, and, being left without a pastor, under gi-eat pecuniary embarrassments, was disbanded. The present First congregation originated in 1745, when Jeremiah Dodge, a member of the Fishkill Baptist Church, settled in New York, and opened his house for public worship. In 1753 the number was so small that they united with the Scotch Plains Church, New Jersey, with the understanding that Elder Benjamin Miller, the pastor of that church, should preach occasionally in New York. The attendance increased, and a rigging- loft was hired in Horse and Cart Lane, now William street, where worship was held for several years. On the 14th of March, 1760, a 21 BEV. THOMAS D. ANDEESOX, D. D. gmal] meeting-house was opened, which they had erected on pur- chased ground in Gold street. Twenty-seven members of the Scotch Plains Churcb, having taken letters of dismission, the New York congregation was reorganized on the 19th of June, 1762, Eev. John Gano becoming the pastor. In two or three years the members had increased to two hundred, and the meetinghouse was considerably en- larged. The war of the revolution scattered the congregation. The ordinance of baptism was administered April 28th, 1776, and not again until September, 1784. Mr. Gano, " a firm patriot and a brave man," served as chaplain. He returned to New York after its evac- uation by the British in November, 1783, and collected together "about thirty-seven members of the church out of above two hundred." The meeting-house was repaired, having been used as a store-house and stable for horses. The congregation, in two years, again numbered more than two hundred members. In March, 1801, the meeting-house was removed, to make room for a new building. A stone edifice was erected, at a cost of about twenty-five thousand dollars, which was opened in May of the following year. In 1805 there were two hundred and fifty-three members, and in 1809 they numbered five hundred and sixty-four. At different periods much dissension occurred in the church, growing out of questions of doc- trine and church discipline. (Among others pastors was Eev. William Parkinson, of Fredericktown, Maryland, who resigned in 1840, after a service of more than thirty-five years. From this church sprung the Second, or Bethel, Zoar, Abyssinian, Bethesda, and several other churches. Between seventy and eighty members united with the Bethesda Church, of which Dr. Parkinson became pastor. In July, 1841, Rev. Dr. Cone assumed the pastorship, having preached in the Oliver street Baptist Church eighteen years and two months. The church was reduced to about two hundred members, and was much in debt Prosperity returned under the ministry of Dr. Cona The building until recently occupied by the congregation, on the corner of Broome and Elizabeth streets, was constructed, and opened February 20th, 1842. The cost of the whole property was about seventy -five thousand dollars, a portion of which was paid by the sale of the lots in Gold street for thirty-three thousand dollars. In 1848 the number of members was six hundred and two. The number is now about seven hundred. The regular Sunday School has three hundred and fifty children, and a Mission School as many more. A flourishing Industrial School is held on each Saturday, and is 22 BEV. THOMAS D. ANDEESON, D. D. crowded chiefly with Irish and German children. More recently the church in Broome street was sold, and a magnificent edifice was erected for the congregation in the upper part of the city, on the comer of Thirty-ninth street and Park Avenue. It was dedicated October 1st, 1871. The general statistics of the Baptists in the United States are as follows : Associations 799 Chnrches 15,143 Ordained ministers 8,787 Baptisms last year 70,172 Total membership 1,221,349 In membership Georgia leads off with 134,337; Virginia follows with 122,120, and then comes New York with 100,616. In the British provinces there are 45,145 Bap- tists; in Europe, 260,541; in Africa, 2,101; in Asia, 21,061; in the West Indies, 22,749; in Australasia, 4,321 — making a grand total of 1,746,414. These figures are not perfect, but they show a near approximation to the actual numbers. We take the following eloquent passage from Dr. Anderson's " Election Sermon " on " The Home and the Nation :" "Most favorable for permanence is our location. We are planted on fresh soil, where no incrustation from the debris of decayed ages held bound the germ of free principles, or stunted its growth. No moldering antiquity threw its balelul shadows over our inheritance, chilling the earnest endeavor, or mildewing the first fruits of our toil. Waile defenceless, the sea roUed its protection of waves between us and harm; and our rigorous climate and unsubdued forests had but small attrac- tions to the east-loving lust of dominion. The immense territories embraced within our borders afforded ample room for the most rapid increase of population, and the cheapness of our unsold land places within the reach of all the means of subsistence and comfort. There is demand for labor in joining our distances: opportunity for skill in the construction of implements of> industry, that we may avail ourselves of our exhaustless resources; trade and commercs are necessities of our variously con- ditioned, prosperous, and widely-scattered inhabitants. In one region we have the pine and the hemlock battling with the winter storm, to be exchanged for the live oak and the hickory flourishing under milder skies; here the autumnal fields were with the yellow grain, and there the cotten and rice whiten the plantation, or the cane yields its sweetness almost beneath a tropic sun. The mines of one neighbor- hood send forth the load, the iron, and the copper; those of another the silver and the gold, while interlacing all run the imperishable veins of coal. Kivers rise in our mountains, and, flowing thousands of miles, receiving through navigable tribu- taries the drainage of a continent, find still on our own coasts their outlets to the sea, while everywhere homes, palpitating to the throb of kindred joys, like pulses, transmit the same vital current to the extremities, and thus bind the remotest mem- bers of the confederacy in one organic, living Union." Dr. Anderson is a man. of striking appearance. Tall and thin, he stands perfectly erect, and has a proud, commanding air, which, how 23 EEV. THOMAS D. ANDEESOK, D. D. ever, undoubtedly proceeds more from habit tban intention. _He has a long head, rising full and large in the crown, and covered with a bountifal growth of sUken, iron-grey hair, which falls about m grace- ful confusion. His features are small, but thoroughly intellectual ; his complexion is dark, and his eyes, of the same hue, are bright and piercing. He is courteous and affable, while there is always a well- sustained dignity about him. In conversing he speaks with thought- fulness and deliberation, evidently seeking to be exact in all his statements, and not showing much patience with those who talk un- reflectingly. He is a scholarly man, having a mind already enriched with high culture, and still believing itself but on the threshold of the flight to which it aspires. Every branch of learning awakens his intellectual energies ; but all that he seeks and all thit he gains is for use in the one cherished purpose of making plain the truths of re- ligion. Measuring duty by the keenest perceptions of conscience, he never knowingly falls short of any of its requirements, while the en- thusiasm as well at the comfort of his life are found in his prized and well-assured faith. Dr. Anderson is one of the most brilliant orators in the New York pulpit During his residence in Washington, at a period when the Senate was composed of intellectual giants, it was his custom to repair to its chamber, and listen, with absorbed interest, to the eloquent debates. Among others, he heard the reply of Webster to Hayne, and relates how entranced he was, particularly with the mag- nificent and well-remembered peroration. Standing now a public speaker himself, ordained to preach repentance, filled with a zeal to reach the hearts and minds of men, the influence of those scenes in the Senate is still upon him. He opens before him a sermon couched in polished language and consummate in argument. It is not merely his lips, but his soul is possessed with his theme ; his mellow voice rings forth, and with tongue, eyes, gestures, and the whole man, he sways and fascinates the breathless multitude. His language is plain in its meaning and vigorously applied, and his illustrations, which take a range as wide as his learning and fancy, are as pointed as they are beautifully expressed. Impassioned in utterance and action, there is no limit to his comprehensiveness of mind ; and, as his subject may expand and excite, it stimulates to grander thought and moves to more impressive tones. With all the glow and beauty of eloquence, he has all the sincerity and solemnity which best become the Christian teacher. „^ REV. THOMAS ARMITAGE, D. D., I»A.ISTOIl OF THE F'lFTH A.VENTJE 33A.I»TIST CHURCH, NEW YOKK:. 'EV. DR THOMAS AEMITAGE was bom in England, in 1819, and came to America in 1838, at tte age of 19 years. He is a scion of the old Armitage stock which sprung from Sir John Armitage, of Bemslej, England, who was made a baron by Charles I., in 1640. Sir John was the progenitor of the present Sir Elnauali Armitage, a member of Parliament The mother of Dr. Armitage was an exceedingly pious woman of the Methodist persuasion, who died when he was six years of age, making it an especial prayer that her eldest son, Thomas, " might be converted, and become a good minister of the gospel of Christ" Says another: " He was, from his mother's death, constantly subject to serious religious impressions, and at the age of twelve was hopefully converted to Grod. His impressions were deep- ened in early youth by reading the ' Journal of John Nelson ' and Bunyan's 'Pilgrim's Progress.' While listening to a sermon from the text, 'Is it well with thee?' he was overwhelmed with a view of his lost state, fell on his knees in the midst of the congregation, which was assembled in an upper room, and cried aloud for mercy. The minister ceased preaching, and all the church engaged in prayer for the lad. He was converted, and joined the church the very next day. He immediately commenced the exercise of his gifts, and at that early age gave promise of great usefulness as an ambassador of the cross. At the age of fifteen he was licensed to exhort in the Methodist church, and six months after was licensed to preach, being still in his sixteenth year. He refused at first to take the latter license, but was persuaded to do so by the promises that an older minister should go with him on his preaching tours. He prepared to preach his first sermon with fear and trembling, writing the sketch of it while on his knees in prayer for Divine aid. This course in preparing his remarks he long continued, regularly, and we believe 25 REV. THOMAS ARMITAGE, D. D. he very frequently observes it still, especially when pressed under a deep sense of ministerial responsibility. His text was Matt, xi., 28— 'Come unto me, all ye that labor,' &c. This discourse was de- livered at Altercliff Common, near Shef&eld, in the presence of Eev. 3. Beedle, the minis);er appointed to accompany him on the occasion and report his success to the quarterly conference. Its delivery was a memorable time in his history. A number of persons were deeply convicted of sin, and three of them were hopefully converted. Thus the approbation of God was manifested in the beginning of his ministry." He labored with success for three or four years as a local preacher, and it was much desired that he should go upon a circuit as a trav- eling preacher. His attention, however, had been directed to the United States, and hither he came to enjoy our liberal institutions and cultivate the promising field of religious labor. He was first sent to a church in SufloJk county, Long Island, then to Watervliet, Albany county, N. Y., and next to the Garretson Station Metho- dist Episcopal Church, in Pearl street, Albany, and subsequently to other point?. At all these places he inaugurated extensive revivals, one of which, in Albany, in 1842-3, was of extraordinary fruitful- ness. He occupied an eminent and influential position in the Methodist Church, but at length became a Baptist. The following is an account of the manner of his conversion : "In 1839, he was invited to supply, temporarily, a church in Brooklyn, L. I. Eev. Jacob Knapp was aiding Rev. S. Hsley, pastor of the Baptist Church, in a protracted meeting. Mr. Armitage heard that some of the candidates were to be immersed by Mr. Hsley and having never witnessed such a sight, attended He was immediately overwhelmed with a consciousness of its fidelity to the Gospel. His heart was melted and his eyes filled with tears. He took with him to that scene a heart as bigoted as that of Saul of Tarsus but was disarmed and deeply convinced of his own error. He inquired is not this the gospel method ? He went home to investigate ; but having no books on that subject at command, and no Baptist Aiend to take him by the hand or aid him, his convictions gradually wore away. But when in Albany, in 1843, hearing that the Revs. M. Swan and Cooley were to baptize a large company of persons he went to witness the scene. Again his conviction returned with in- creasing force. He then resolved, standing in the crowd at the bap- tismal water, that he would investigate the subject without delay. 26 KEY. THOMAS AKMITAGB, D. D. He got Pengilly, Woolsey, Carson, and other works, and continued his investigations from 1843 to 1848, and came out a thorough Bap- tist in doctrine, practice, and church government. It was a hard struggle. For six months before he resigned his pastoral charge and left the Methodist Episcopal Church, he could not rest — sleep de- parted. But he overcame at last, and his resolution was fixed. It is proper to say that he expressed, at the time of his examination in the Methodist Church, objection to their form of government, and doubt of the doctrines of falling from grace and sinless perfection in this life, as well as of the ordinances, points on which they allow great latitude of thought among their minister."?. He was baptized by Eev. Dr. "Welch into the fellowship of the Pearl Street Baptist Church, Albany, in the presence of an overflowing congregation ; scores of them had been brought to God under his ministry. *' Soon after this, a very large council was called by the Pearl street Church to ordain him. Dr. Welch was moderator, Eev. W. S. Clapp clerk, and Elder Alfred Bennet was one of the examiners, and laid on hands with others, when the ordaining prayer was offered. He had previously obtained an honorable dismission from the Eev. John Lindsey, with a certificate highly commendatory as a faithful Christian minister. Thus, at the age of twenty -nine, he was received as a minister of the Baptist denomination." He was shortly called to the Norfolk street Church, New York, over which congregation he is still settled. He accepted- this" call at the dying request of the Eev. Greorge Benedict, former pastor of the church, who said, with tears — "Brother Armitage, if ydU do refuse this call it will be the most painful act of your life." "When about twenty-eight years of age, he received the honorary degree of A. M. from the Madison University, N. Y., and at thirty -four the degree of D. D. was conferred by Georgetown College, Ky. Dr. Armitage's congregation- now worship in a church on Forty- sixth street, near the corner of Fifth avenue. The removal up town was in 1860, and the new location is not less then four miles from the old one. On the thirtieth anniversary of the congregation, Dr. Armitage stated that during that time it had numbered two thou- sand two hundred and fifty members, altogether; hadithen 686, leav- ing 1,564 who had died or joined other churches.. In 1860 it had only $2,800, while in 1872 the Church property was worth $200,000 with a debt of only $40,000. In June, 1856, Dr. Armitage became the President of the Amer- 27 BEV. THOMAS AKMITAGE, D. D. ican Bible Union, which was organized in New York, on the 10th of June, 1850, "to procure and circulate the most faithful version of the sacred Scriptures in all languages throughout the world." Appro- priations have been made for the circulation of the Chinese and the Karen Sciiptures, as well as the Siamese, German, French, Italian, Spanish, and English, and the revision' of the French, Italian, Spanish, and English, has been undertaken. " But our principal efforts, from the origin of the Union," says a report, "and our largest expenditures, have been devoted to the enterprise of procuring a thorough and faithful revision of the English Scriptures. This is believed to be the most important, as likely to be read by the greatest number of persons, to influence most largely the translations in other languages, and to exercise the most extensive and permanent control over the destinies of mankind." The scholars selected to commence the revision were Rev. Dr. T. J. Oonant, late professor in the Rochester Theological Seminary ; Rev. Dr. H. B. Hackett, pro- fessor in Newton Theological Seminary ; Professor Dr. E. Rodiger, professor in the Royal University in Halle, Germany, and Drs. Bliss and Kendrick. The argument for the revision may be briefly stated thus : Since the common English version was made, many ancient manuscripts have been discovered not at that time known to exist, and some of them are acknowledged to be of the most valuable and reliable character. From the years 1600 to 1611, the date of tbe common version. Great Britain was not celebrated for any great ad- vances in the science of Biblical philology and criticism. A very large proportion of the time of many preachers is spent in correcting the version from which they preach. Many words are not now or- dinarily understood in the sense in which they were used when the common English version was made. Many words used have become obsolete, and their meaning is unknown to the general reader. The great number of words and phrases that do not express the meaning of the original. The addition of words by the translators. The fact that the division into chapters and verses is often subversive of the sense, and far more frequently breaks in upon the necessary connec- tion of historical facts or arguments. Errors of punctuation. The obscurity in the correspondence of similar passages in the Old and New Testament. Grammatical incorrectness. Profane expressions. Expressions offensive to modesty. Because the errors of the English version are frequently transferred to the versions for the heathen, and because correct versions for the heathen do not agree with the EEV. THOMAS ABMITAGE, D. D. English version. Sectarianism of the common version. Because the erroneous translations are used to deduce arguments against the Bible. The Bible Union is not sectarian, as is the general belief. Says a statement : " The preliminary revisers were selected as the very best scholars that could be procured, from nine different denomina- tions. The final committee is chosen without any reference to de- nominations. The work is supported by voluntary contributions, life member- ships, life directorsijips, bequests, and the sale of the publica- tions. The receipts of the first year were $5,595 55, and of the, seventh year, (1856,) $45,203 79. Some embarrassment was ex- perienced by reason of the war, obliging retrenchment and delay in the publication of the works. The expenses are now sixty-seven thousand dollars per annum. Up to 1863 a sum not less than two hundred thousand dollars had been expended for literary labor and a library. Of the various publications, including revisions of the Book of Job in various forms, Matthew in part, Mark, Luke, John, Acts, Ephesians, Thessalonians, in various forms, Hebrews, Phile- mon, First Peter to Eevelations, inclusive, there had been issued, in 1860, 1,060,121 copies. A large library, of inestimable value, has been collected for the work at a cost of about fifty thousand dollars. The catalogue embraces photographs, lithographed fac similes of some of the most ancient manuscripts of the Bible now in existence, copies of every edition of the Bible ever issued, which are of any antiquarian value, and the works of the great scholars in different languages who have ever directed their attention to this subject Among other rare works are the Complutensian Polyglot, in six volumes, printed in 1513, containing the Scriptures in Hebrew, Greek, Ohaldaic, and Latin ; a manuscript written in the fifth century ; a/oc simile of an old Sclavic manuscript New Testament, magnifi- cently illuminated ; a Bible printed in 1473 ; an illuminated Bible printed in 1480; and a lithographic copy of a manuscript written in the third century, discovered in the monastery of St Catherine on Mount Sinai, beside other rare relics of antiquity. The published revisions are works of great interest to the Bible reader and student Each book contains an elaborate introduction and the Hebrew or Greek text, and the King James and the revised versions in parallel columns, with copious notes. The Book of Job may be particidarly mentioned for its depth of erudition and beauty BEV. THOMAS ARMITAGE, D. D. of typography. Forty-nine thousand copies, bound, of the version in English have already been distributed ; also a large number in other languages. Dr. Armitage is of the medium height, and has a well-propor- tioned, erect figure. With a light complexion and brown hair, he has small, bright, hazel eyes, which have a constant and peculiar twinkle. The expression of his face is one of mingled intelligence and kindliness. As he converses it is lit with animation, and his eyes sparkle like two diamonds. His manners are easy, graceful, and cordial. There are few men of more prepossessing powers of mien and speech. He fascinates strangers and delights friends as much with one as the other. The heart and mind fall at once under the influence of his impulsive, generous warmth of manner, and of his kindljr, just, and liberal sentiments. He stands to the gaze a pol- ished gentleman, and he wins his way to your esteem and aflfection by exalted worthiness as a man. He is a person of hopeful, elastic spirits, being neither over- elated with success nor depressed by defeat. He has a courage for any undertaking, and a patience which can wait long for victory. Once embarked in any scheme, it enlists his boundless enthusiasm and awakens giant energies. He will have nothing to do with an enterprise which cannot kindle this ardor of soul, but in behalf oi those that do he will bear the heaviest burden of its cares, and still ask the meanest of its laurels. He is conscientious in the discharge of every duty devolving upon him, regardless of personal ease and even health. In truth, he is an earnest, successful worker in every; sphere of Christian effort, inspiring those who falter by a heroism which is sublime. Dr. Armitage is an eloquent and powerful preacher. The follow- ing is a truthful description of him as he appears in the pulpit : " His voice -is clear, musical, soft, and silvery. He has great power over it His gentle tones seem to creep quietly into every ear in the house while he reads the opening hymn. The ' audience listens, as though it never heard that most familiar hymn before. His sermons are invariably composed of climaxes, which rise, like inverted pyramids, higher and higher to the close. When he begins to ascend the steps of the advancing argument his voice falls to a low, soft tone. The forefinger of his right hand is raised, pointing horizontally over the audience. At every step of progress he lifts his hand and voice together, upward and upward still, till the climax, is reached, 30 ESY. THOMAS ABMITAGE, D. D. when, raising his eyes from the manuscript, in a tone of tHunder he lays the top stone of the argument It would seem that the whole vocabulary of the English language is at his command. In his own pulpit he more frequently preaches without the manuscript than otherwise, whether he has written the discourse or not" Dr. Armitage is a born orator in the fullest sense. As he weaves his beautiful imaginings, or as he springs into the realms of a wild, impassioned eloquence, he equally fixes the attention and enchains the sensibilities. His thoughts are highly original, they glitter with a chaste and ardent fancy, and are infiised with the vigor and frank- ness peculiar to his own nature. Endowed with the greater gifts of eloquence, a man of extensive learning and the highest social culture, he justly holds a foremost place among the eminent ex- pounders of Divine truth, and in the ranks of upright and popular men. 31 REV. LUCIUS W. BANCROFT, D. D., RECTOR OF CHRIST ( EPISCOPA-Xj ) CHURCH, BROOKXjYN. )EV. DE. LUCIUS W. BANCKOFT was born in Wor- cester, Mass., August 27th, 1827. He was graduated at Brown University, in 1852, and in theology at the Epis- copal Seminary at Alexandria, Virginia, in 1856. In the same year, while still in Alexandria, he was made a dea- ^ con, by Bishop Meade, of Virginia, and in 1858, a priest in Prov- idence, by Bishop Clark, of Ehode Island. He had taken the position of assistant rector at St John's Church, Providence, in which he remained about two years. He then traveled in Europe for a time, and on his return took temporary charge of St Paul's Church, Boston, for six months. After this, he spent two years as rector of Christ Church, Bridgeport He was next elected Professor of Ec- clesiastical History in the Episcopal Seminary at Gambier, Ohio, where he remained five years, and then filled the same chair in the Episcopal Seminary in Philadelphia, for a short time, when, in 1869 he accepted a call to Christ Church, comer of Clinton and Harrison streets, Brooklyn. He received the degree of D. D. from Utica College, about ten years since. Christ Churcb parish was organized on the I7th of May, 1835, but it was about two years later before stated public worship was held in a chapel erected on the corner of Pacific and Court streets. The pulpit was temporarily supplied until February, 1838, when Eev. Kingston Goddard became rector. Such was the increase of the parish that on the 26th of June, 1841, the corner-stone of a new church edifice was laid, the site being the liberal gift of Nicholas Luqueer, Esq., a member of the body, and a wealthy citizen. A substantial, imposing, and spacious building of brown freestone was erected, duly consecrated on the 28th of July, 1842, and occupied REV. LUCIUS W. BANCBOFT, D.D. for public worship on the following Sunday, the 3d of August, The valuation of the property is over $100,000, and there is no debt. Mr. Goddard resigned in April, 1841, and in the succeeding June. Eev. Dr. Stone accepted a call to the rectorship. In January, 1853, the Eev. Dr. E. H. Canfield became the successor of Dr. Stone. During the ministry of Dr. Oanfield a debt of $13,500 was paid, and a Mission Chapel was erected on the corner of Clinton and Luqueer streets, at a cost of about $13,000. From 1853 to 1863, ten years of Dr. Canfield's labors, the congregation contributed for charitable objects the sum of $92,589.28. In the same period there were in the parish 813 baptisms, 312 confirmations, 184 marriages, 433 funerals, and 1697 public services. The congregation consists of about 200 families. When Dr. Canfield resigned the rectorship. Dr. Bancroft was called, and under his efficient labors the parish still maintains its high rank as a pious and liberal body of Chris- tians. Dr. Bancroft is tall and erect, with an intellectual head. His face is amiable, but it is one of those which bespeaks the rigid princi- ples of the man. In his manners and disposition he is naturally reserved. He shows a strict politeness to all, and falls into an easy conversation, but there is always a noticeable formality and reserve in both speech and actions. His tastes are all scholarly and do- mestic. In the pursuit of learning, in his own pastoral duties, and in the home circle, he finds all the influences to which he surrenders' himself. His preaching excels in the particulars of a deep piety, and intimate knowledge with all religious subjects. His life in the ministry has been unobtrusive, as far as any attempt to gain pub- lic fame is concerned, but it has been characterized by a conscien- tiousness and ability in his work, which have secured the utmost prosperity of his parishes. He is admired wherever he is known for his learning, consistency of personal conduct, and his zeal in the ministerial labors. 33 REV. ALFRED B. BEACH, D. D., KECTOPl OF ST. I»ETJE3K'lS DEJPISCOPA-Hi CHXJKCH, NEW YORIC. |EV. DE. ALPEED B. BEACH has been settled in the city of New York, as the Eector of St Peter's Episcopal Church in West Twentieth street, for over twenty years. He was born at Sheldon, Franklin county, Vermont, Sep- tember -Qth, 18'21. His early studies were at the academy at Cheshire, Connecticut, then under the charge of Eev. Dr. Allen C. Morgan. He graduated at Trinity College, Hartford, in 1841, and in theology at the General Episcopal Seminary, New York, in 1845. During the same year he was admitted to deacon's orders at Christ church, Hartford, by Bishop Brownell, and in 1847 to priest's orders at Christ church, Cooperstown, New York, by Bishop Delancey. His first place of settlement was at Cooperstown, in 1845, where he re- mained until November, 1848, when he went to St John's church, Canandaigua, New York. He officiated at St John's until May, 1853, when he removed to New York, having accepted a call to his present rectorship. Dr. Beach married a daughter of the dis- • tinguished Mr. Justice Nelson, late of the United States SuJ)reme Court The history of St Peter's church dates back to the year 1827, when services were commenced in the chapel of the General Theolo- gical Seminary in West Twentieth street, by the professors of the in- stitution, and a Sunday School was opened by the students. At this period the neighborhood was thinly settled, and the effort was under- taken as a mere missionary work. Such was its success, however, that the Eev. Dr. Benjamin I. Haight, now and for many years a dis- tinguished assistant minister of Trinity parish, was called as the rector. The parish was incorporated May 9th, 1831, and Dr. Haight was called July 13th, 1831. Steps were taken to provide a proper church. The corner-stone for a church was laid October 8th, 1831, on West Twentieth street, between Eighth and Ninth avenues, and on the 34 "^Wil^^^ ^ ^^^^^. EEV. ALFRED B. BEACH, D. I». completion of the building it was occupied by a congregation of still increasing numbers. In a few years still greater accommodations be- came necessary, as the congregation had become one of the most im- portant in the city. Accordingly, in 1836-37, the large stone edifice now occupied was erected on lots adjoining the first structure. This property cost one hundred and eighteen thousand dollars. A debt of fifty thousand dollars has been paid, and an additional building has been erected. The original church edifice has been altered into a rec- tory. There are at present about three hundred communicants, and six hundred and fifty children in the Sunday School. The superintendent is George P. Quackenbos, A. M., the eminent author of school books. Dr. Beach received his degree of D. D. from Columbia College in June, 1857. He has published various sermons and addresses. He was a member of the Ecclesiastical Court appointed to try the case of the Eev. Stephen H. Tyng, Jr. He discharged his duties with much dignity and learning. He is of the medium height, and equally proportioned. His face shows intellectuality and much force of character. The features are regular, and the brow is especially prominent. In his expression there is some little sternness, but this is more a token of the decision and firmness which characterize him than of any want of gentleness in either manners or speech. He is a man of fixed opinions, self- reliant and positive in regard to his course of action ; but on the other hand, he is never hasty in forming conclusions or in his actions. You find him conscientious in everything. His line of duty is always well defined, and it is never deviated from in the shghtest particular. Hence it is not remarkable that he has secured so large an influence among his people, and in fact in his whole denomination. Always patient, self-sacrificing and earnest in his ministerial work, he has taken the certain means of making it of 1ihe highest advantage to his fellow creatures and the church at large. True and devoted to his doctrines, he has maintained them because of his love for them and because it was his duty, but never in any spirit of mere hostility to the opinions or prejudices of other men. He stands fixfedly to the doctrines and. government of the church of which he is a minister, and it is for these that he contends in all their purity and sanctity, and not for the persecution of any man for his opinions or actions. Dr. Beach's preaching is marked by the same solid practical features which characterize him in other respects. All his views have a scope and power which arrest attention. He speaks with' 35 REV. ALFEED B. BEACH, D. D. deliberation, and both tone and manner have a serious impressiveness. While he is scholarly in his mode of discussion, he is not less partial to the common sense branch of all subjects. His sermons please and instruct : they lift the hearer to a more elevated spirituality, and cause a closer communing with one's own conscience. They have scholarship and inspiration, and they have also the Qalm tender pleading, which first softens and then saves the human heart from its sins. This is a ministry which has been not only successful, but in which the purity of character, and the devoted labor of the indi- vidual must stand as an example to all men forever. True to every duty as a clergj'-man, a citizen, and in every private relation, Dr. Beach has made the actions of his life teachers of principle to his fellow-men. 36 /^^^^^^^^ ^Cr^Ue^^^Aj2^ REY. HENRY WARD BEECHER, CIIUKCU. BROOlCLYWr. 5 CLERGYMAN in the Umted States has attracted to himself the wide-spread attention which has been bestowed upon the Eev. Henry Ward Beecher. His position in the religious, political, literary, and social world is one of commanding influence, and his great and varied talents are always most conspicuous. He has been discussed from every standpoint of criticism, and still is a man of the widest popularity. Rev. Henry Ward Beecher is the son of the late Rev. Dr. Ly- man Beecher, and was born in Litchfield, Connecticut, June 24th, 1813. Dr. Lyman Beecher was one of the most distinguished Con- gregational clergymen and scholars of his day, and he reared a large family, all of whom have obtained distinction in some of the scholarly walks of life. Several of the sons are clergymen, and Mrs. Harriet Beecher Stowe, authoress of " Uncle Tom's Cabin," and other works, is a distinguished daughter. Henry Ward was grad- uated at Amherst College, in 1834, and studied theology with his father at Lane Seminary, Cincinnati. In 1837, in his twenty-fourth year, he accepted his first charge as a Presbyterian minister at Lawrenceburg, Indiana, where he remained two years. He next removed 1so Indianapolis, where he continued eight years, until 1847. He was a popular preacher in the West, having those powers — natural eloquence and fearless independent character — which are so highly valued by the people of that section. In 1847, he accepted a call to his present charge as pastor of Plymouth Congregational Church, Brooklyn. He left the West with many regrets, scarcely believing that a city like Brooklyn was the proper field of labor for him. His peculiar style of preaching had 37 HENKY WABD BEEGHER. never been lieard tbere ; and, in fact, it was so rauoli of an innova- tion upon-tbe kind which was in vogue, that its success might well be deemed doubtful. The congregation which called him was a new organization of ortbodox Congregational believers. They had purchased the church property on Cranberry and Orange streets, formerly occupied by the Presbyterian Congregation of the Eev. Dr. Samuel H. Cox, and were chiefly New England people. The following is an interesting bistorical account of this congre- gation : " Plymouth Church stands upon ground comprising seven lots, running through from Cranberry to Orange streets. It was pur- chased in 1823 of John and Jacob M. Hicks for the erection of an edifice for the use of " The First Presbyterian Church." The population of Brooklyn was then less than 10,000. It was re- garded by cautious men as a hazardous enterprise, for the church was built in what was then cultivated fields, and far out from the settled portion of the village, though now in the densest part of Brooklyn Heights. The pastors who labored on this ground were Rev. Joseph Sandford, from 1823 to 1829 ; Rev. Daniel L. Carroll, D. D., from 1829 to 1835 ; Rev. Samuel H. Cox. D. D., irom 1837 to 1847, when the Presbyterian Society built their present house of worship upon Henry street. In 1846 John T. Howard, then a mem- ber of the Church of the Pilgrims in Brooklyn, Rev. R. S. Storrs, Jr., pastor, learning that the premises were for sale, obtained the refusal of them from the trustees at the price of $20,000, and con- sulted with David Hale, of the Tabernacle Church, New York, as to the expediency of establishing a new Congregational Church at this location. Encouraged by the support of Mr. Hale, Mr. Howard completed the contract of purchase on June 11th, 1846. Possession was given on the 10th of May, 1847. The first meeting of those interested in the establishment of the new Church was held at the house of Henry C. Bowen, on Saturday evening. May 8th, 1847. There were present David Hale, of New York ; Ira Payne, John T. Howard, Charles Rowland, David Griffin, and Henry C. Bowen, of Brooklyn. It was there resolved, ' that religious services shall be commenced, by Divine permission, on Sunday, the 16th day of May ;' and on that morning, in 1847, the meeting house in Cranberry street was opened for religious worship. " Henry "Ward Beecher, who was then pastor of the Second Pres- 38 HENET WARD BEECHEE. byterian Cburch, in Indianapolis, had visited New York at this time; at the request of the American Home Missionary Society, to make a public address a-t its anniversary. He was invited to preach at the opening of this Church, and accordingly preached, both in the morn- ing and evening, to audiences which crowded every part of the building. On Monday evening, June 14th, 1847, the Church, by a unanimous vote, elected Henry Ward Beecher to be their pastor. On the 19th of August, Mr. Beecher wrote from Indianapolis accept- ing the pastorate. On Sunday, the 10th of October, 1847, he com- menced his labors. In the morning the Church was about three- fourths full, and entirely full in the evening. This continued to be the case for about four months, after which the building was gen- erally crowded both morning and evening. From the year 1849 to 1866 there was a frequent recurrence of revivals at the Church, and large accessions to the number of its members. With a few excep- tions, consequent upon ill health, a visit to Europe and a lecturing tour in behalf of the abolition of slavery, Mr. Beecher has labored steadily at his post since 1847. He has a Summer vacation every year, which generally lasts upon an average about six weeks, " On the 13th of January, 1849, Plymouth Church was seriously damaged by fire, and it was decided that the Church should be entirely rebuilt The comer-stone of this edifice was laid May '29th, 1849, and the building was completed so as to be occupied by the congregation on the first Sunday in January, 1850. The Church is 105 feet long, 80 feet broad, and accommodates 2,800 people. Lec- ture rooms and school rooms were also built, and the entire cost of the Church was about $36,000, and the former also a large sum. In 1866 a new organ was purchased at an expense of $22,000. In 1869 the pew rents realized about $53,000. The Bethel, in Hicks street, has been built by the Church at a cost of about $75,000. School services on Sunday evenings, lectures and a free reading room are a part of the agencies of this Bethel. It has done and is doing the greatest amount of good to the more neglected part of the population. A new Bethel has been erected in another part of the city. In view of all these facts, Plymouth Church may be said to be a Church in earnest." In October, 1872, services took place during several days to com- memorate the twenty-fifth anniversary of the organization of the congregation. A movement was inaugurated to raise fifty thousand dollars for the support of their nissions. At the annual business 39 HENEY WAED BEECHEE. meeting of the trustees it was shown that there were 2,184 names upon ■ the registry of the Church. From the treasurer's report, it appears that the annual collection amounted to $15,554 97 ; for the poor, $1,079 18; pew rentals, $60,000; contributions of three schools, $3,054 56. Total, $79,683 65. In 1856, Mr. Beecher took an active part in the Presidential con- test in favor of Fremont — not only with his pen, but by addressing mass meetings in different parts of the Northern States. As a popu- lar lecturer he has appeared very generally before the Lyceums of the country. He was one of the founders of the religious weekly paper called the Independent, of New York, and was for some time its editor. Later he founded the Christian Union, and is still its editor, and a large owner. He has published a volume of "Lectures to Young Men," a volume of " Star Papers," made up of his con- tributions to the Independent, and other volumes of popular litera- ture. He edited the " Plymouth Collection of Hymns," which is one of the best and most diversified collections of sacred poetry in the English language, and is now in. use in the Congregational and other Churches. Six series of his sermons have been published in uniform volumes. Many of his occasional addresses have been pub- lished, and he has contributed much to the literary press. During the late war he went to England, where he addressed immense audiences in the principal cities in behalf of the cause of the Union. He produced a marked effect, particularly as the Con- federate agents made an attempt to put him down ; and probably accomplished more in influencing the English masses than any man who went abroad. There is a collection of handbills and posters, some of them printed in red ink, at the Brooklyn Historical Society, which were used to incite public feeling against him. In April, 1865, he went to Charleston, at the request of the Government, and deliv- ered an oration on the occasion of the raising of the old flag over Fort Sumter. Mr. Beecher is of medium height, solid sinewy figure, and has a large head, with a rather florid complexion. His features are regu- lar, and highly expressive of intellectuality, and a genial disposition. His step is quick, and he shows in every way that he is a thorough- going man, and as bold as he is generous. His eloquence is charac- terized by originality, logic, pathos, and not a little humor. While his voice is not a pleasant one, it is full of feeling, distinct and 40 HENRT WABD BEECHEB. strong. He has a great deal of gesticulation, and sometimes his voice rings out to the utmost power of his capacious lungs. At the close of some very fine congregational singing, Mr. Beecher rises to begin his sermon. He commences in a moderate tone of voice, and confines himself to a pretty close reading of his notes. As he proceeds he warms up in his subject, grows eloquent, and succeeds in fixing the deepest attention by the force of his argu- ments, and the original and often humorous similes which he con- stantly introduces. He shakes back his hair, draws a long breath to be sure that his lungs are in order, withdraws a step or two from the desk, and folds his arms across his breast, as if for bands to keep him from breaking his ribs in the coming effort After all this pre- paration, instantaneously made, he at once soars to the highest efforts of oratory. At one moment tears are starting to almost every eye, and the next the congregation are in a broad smile, which sometimes ends in a loud laugh. He utters words of the keenest sarcasm, and then he 'melts away into thoughts of holiness and lova At another time he gesticulates most violently ; he paces up and down the pulpit in great agitation ; he runs io first one corner of the desk and then the other ; pounds and shakes his fist, bends forward and backward ; and, finally, in a whirlwind of excitement, and in a voice of thunder, pours forth a torrent of language which the want of breath only induces him to suspend. He makes your heart bound with emotion ; he tempts the most solemn into smiles, and stands a wonder as an orator. That he is a mighty thinker, and one of the most powerful of living orators, cannot be denied, "While he is speaking the old and young are held in wrapt attention, and there is no subject but what he discusses with singular originality and brilliancy. His ser- mons are very long, but neyer tiresome. The thoughts are profound and new, and they are demonstrated with ability and eloquence. His learning, ingenious arguments, and interweavings of pathos and humor make the whole discourse most effectiva He is a man of genial disposition, and of warm attachments ; and he has secured idolizing friends. His sympathies are with all works of education and philanthropy, and he is altogether without sectarian prejudices. In truth, he is one who for many noble qualities of character, joined with extraordinary gifts as a preacher, has secured a wider public and private esteem than any man of his day. IIEY. HENM W. BELLOWS, D. D., PASTOR OF A-I^Jli ©OTJLS' TINITA-RIA-N CHTJIICH, NETV "STORIt. )EV. DR HENEY W. bellows, pastor of All Souls' Unitarian Church, Fourth avenue, was born in Boston, June 11th, 1814. He was graduated at Harvard College in 1832, entered the divinity school at Cambridge in 1834, and completed his course in 1837. On the 2d of January, 1838, he was ordained pastor of the First Congregational Church, in New York. He was the principal originator of the Chris- tian Inquirer, a Unitarian paper of New York, in which he was the main writer from 1846 until the middle of 1850. In 1851 he received the degree of D.' D. from Harvard. His present congrega- tion is the same over which he was first ordained, although they, are now classed as Unitarians, and have twice changed their place of worship. Says another of Dr. Bellows : " He is a ready speaker and popular lecturer. Ilis taste and connections lead him to intimate relations with artists, and engage him often in questions of a social and philanthropic character. He has spoken and published his views freely upon the prominent topics of the day, and inclines to deal with current events rather than scholastic studies. His. occa sional contributions to the Christian Examiner are marked by inde pendence of thought and boldness of expressions." Dr. Bellows has published some twenty-five pamphlets and dis- courses, and some books. His "Phi Beta Kappa Oration," delivered in 1853 ; his famous defence of the drama, delivered in 1857 ; and " Treatment of Social Diseases," a course of lectures delivered before the Lowell Institute, Boston, also in the latter year, and a book of travel in Europe, are the most noted of his productions. He is the editor of the Liberal Christian, a prominent religious journal of New York. Dr. Bellows is not a satisfied man. He is seriously disturbed .that men take so many roads to heaven, when they might all go by EEV HENRY W. BELLOWS, D. D. one. He bas drawn up the articles of a new Christian covenant, and elaborated a system for a church platform on which every theologian can be accommodated with a seat Through wonderful study he has discovered a means by which ecclesiastical fire and water may be made to mingle, and by which the venom of sects can be changed into the milk of human kindness. It is a consolidation of Christianity. It is to overthrow the walls which keep God's child- ren apart. It is to tear up present creeds and take an enlarged view of the Bible. Dr. Bellows has this olive branch all ready, and longs to put it in the mouths of doves and send it throughout the earth ; but he shakes his head and says the times are not ripe for it, and probably never will be. Still, if he had his way, he would take all these creeds and send them to a paper-mill, and have a broad sheet made, on which should be written the covenant of a new and uni- versal church, and he would go forth first as an earthquake, and tumble down every altar, from the old cathedrals of Europe to the Methodist rookeries of the back-woods, and then, with the lamps of the virgins, he would — another Aladdin — raise up such a structare as the world had never seen ; and this should be not the church of a sect, but of mankind, and such should crown the hills of eyerj land. From this pleasant dream of Dr. Bellows, it can be seen that he is a liberal-minded, large-hearted man. A few years ago he nearly committed clerical suicide. He delivered a ringing, thundering, de- fence of the poor, kicked, reviled drama, and absolutely recognized actors and actresses as worthy of salvation. The religious editors rushed breathless to their offices and exhausted their inkstands in besmearing' him with ridicule and drenching him with wrath. His brethren of the ministry howled louder than a pack of wolves, and many orthodox families threatened to fly fi'om the city inhabited by such a monster. For a minister — for a man claiming to respect, his' calling — to go out of his way to uphold the beastly, sore, corrupt drama, and to associate with the giddy, wicked, painted and padded ■creatures of the stage, it called for a straight-jacket, if not the spout of the hydrant The panic was frightful and the threats were dia- bolical. The doctor stood in a slippery placa His enthusiasm for genius, his appreciation of an art, his liberal and kindly nature had carried him to an extreme position ; but, in spite of ink, and wolves, and orthodox families, and scorn, and threats, he stood firm, and even partook of a dinner with the profane people. The editors again 43 REV. HENRY W. BELLOWS, D. D., PASTOR OF ASI^L. ©OXJI.S' TJPfITAIlIA.IV CUXJBCH, ]VE"W" ~rOJ3,TS.. )EV. dr. henry W. bellows, pastor of All Souls' Unitarian Church, Fourth avenue, was born in Boston, June 11th, 1814. He was graduated at Harvard College in 1882, entered the divinity school at Cambridge in 1834, and completed his course in 1837. On the 2d of January, 1838, he was ordained pastor of the First Congregational Church, in New York. He was the principal originator of the Chris- tian Inquirer, a Unitarian paper of New York, in which he was the main writer from 1846 until the middle of 1850. In 1851 he received the degree of D. J), from Harvard. His present congrega- tion is the same over which he was first ordained, although they are now classed as Unitarians, and have twice changed their place of worship. Says another of Dr. Bellows : " He is a ready speaker and popular lecturer. His taste and connections lead him to intimate relations with artists, and engage him often in questions of a social and philanthropic character. He has spoken and published his views freely upon the prominent topics of the day, and inclines to deal with current events rather than scholastic studies. His. occa sional contributions to the Christian Mcaminer are marked by inde pendence of thought and boldness of expressions." Dr. Bellows has published some twenty-five pamphlets and dis- courses, and some books. His " Phi Beta Kappa Oration," delivered in 1853 ; his famous defence of the drama, delivered in 1857 ; and " Treatment of Social Diseases," a course of lectures delivered before the Lowell Institute, Boston, also in the latter year, and a book of travel in Europe, are the most noted of his productions. He is the editor of the Liberal Christian, a prominent religious journal of New York. Dr. Bellows is not a satisfied man. He is seriously disturbed ithat men take so many roads to heaven, when they might all go by REV HENRY W. BELLOWS, D. D. one. He has drawn up the articles of a new Christian covenant, and elaborated a system for a church platform on which every theologian can be accommodated with a seat Through wonderful study he has discovered a means by which ecclesiastical fire and water may be made to mingle, and by which the venom of sects can be changed into the milk of human kindness. It is a consolidation of Christianity. It is to overthrow the walls which keep God's child- ren apart. It is to tear up present creeds and take an enlarged view of the Bible. Dr. Bellows has this olive branch all ready, and longs to put it in the mouths of doves and send it throughout the earth ; but he shakes his head and says the times are not ripe for it, and probably never will be. Still, if he had his way, he would take all these creeds and send them to a paper-mill, and have a broad sheet made, on which should be written the covenant of a new and uni- versal church, and he would go forth first as an earthquake, and tumble down every altar, from the old cathedrals of Europe to the Methodist rookeries of the back-woods, and then, with the lamps of the virgins, he would — another Aladdin — raise up such a structure as the world had never seen ; and this should be not the church of a sect, but of mankind, and such should crown the hills of every land. From this pleasant dream -of Dr. Bellows, it can be seen that he is a liberjil-minded, large-hearted man. A few years ago he nearly committed clerical suicide. He delivered a ringing, thundering, de- fence of the poor, kicked, reviled drama, and absolutely recognized actors and actresses as worthy of salvation. The religious editors rushed breathless to their offices and exhausted their inkstands in besmearing" him with ridicule and drenching him with wrath. His brethren of the ministry howled louder than a pack of wolves, and many orthodox families threatened to fly fi'om the city inhabited by such a monster. For a minister — ^for a man claiming to respect his calling — to go out of his way to uphold the beastly, sore, corrupt drama, and to associate with the giddy, wicked, painted and padded creatures of the stage, it called for a straight-jacket, if not the spout of the hydrant The panic was frightful and. the threats were dia- bolical. The doctor stood in a slippery placa His enthusiasm for genius, his appreciation of an art, his liberal and kindly nature had carried him to an extreme position ; but, in spite of ink, and wolves, and orthodox families, and scorn, and threats, he stood firm, and even partook of a dinner with the profane people. The editors again 43 REV. HENEY W. BELLOWS, D. D. desired to devour him, but it was shrewdly suspected that their chief object was to be black-mailed with a slice from the dinner. The doctor ate of the remarkably good cheer which such entertainers are sure to provide, and the food of wisdom and counsel which he had himself dispensed, was rendered more palatable in consequence. People who are just as anxious as anybody else to avoid fire and brimstone felt that one clergyman, ■ at least, had sought to give them ivings to rise, rather than, as usual, a millstone to hurry them down. When the war broke out, a great philanthropic thought took possession of Dr. Bellows. Everybody was crazy ; the young men were following the fife and drum, and a large number were disposed to think war merely a frolic ; but the doctor declared it was to be a 1 serious business, and that disease would be more potent than even •the bullet He organized the Sanitary Commission, and a work was , commenced which has no parallel in the history of humane enter- ■prises. The condition of matters in the camps and hospitals was of the worst possible character; but from chaos there was produced system ; from ignorance came intelligence ; and, instead of everything conspiring to kill the soldier, science, natural laws, and humanity were all combined for his safety and relief Dr. Bellows neglected every other duty save this one, to his mind of such vast national importance. He drew about him men of equal zeal ; he visited the camps and hospitals in every part of the country; he stormed at "i-ed tape," and official stupidity, and had the satisfaction of witnessing the complete success of his system and plans, and the constant irelief of untold suffering. The ministering spirits of this commission were on the battle-fields, and at every sick couch ; its watchfulness detected every error of hospital management, and every want of the afflicted, while its influence in every department of th.e government, and with the people, was sufficient to make its authority efficient and its means ample. In fact, the Sanitary Commission was the great philanthropic mission of the day. Dr. Bellows was its parent, its never flagging spirit, and its daily slave. Should his idea of a uni- versal church be but a dream ; should no actor or actress ever walk with him in the golden streets of tbe New Jerusalem, certainly his •effijrts in this newer scheme will adorn him with garlands forever. We wrote as follows of him at that time : "Any day at the New York office of the Commission, in Broadway, you may see a pale, thin-faced, modest bearing man. He attends to business as if he had been brought up in a counting-room, is distressed if anything goes 44 REV. HENRY W. BELLOWS, D. D. wrong, and it is not the fault of his attention and energy if all does not go right "When the sun of the South is blazing its fullest, and when the keen storms are sweeping along the Yirginia mountains, he is ever thinking of comforts for the soldiers. And, then, how sadly he speaks of the sick beds and graves which, he tells you, are stretched from the rising to the setting sun. He has written and publislied various reports of the Commission, which are replete with interesting details and facts. He also delivers addresses on the sub- ject of the work, which are intended to keep the public informed of the vastness of the field, and the necessity of their constant sup- port Dr. Bellows possesses an amount of practical, homely sense, not common to men of his profession, and a familiarity with scientific subjects, which happily fit him for the position of president of the Commission, and have led to much of its success. Dreamer as he is, he has shown himself not the less an earnest worker. With a mind crowded with its imaginings of beauty, he has been able to do a noble work amidst the surroundings of terrible war.'' Dr. Bellows had his dream of a church edifice. It was to be the combined elegance of architecture, and every tower, and every arch, and every inch of it was to be in a measure a religious sentiment All of beauty, all of solemnity, all of religion, all of penitence, and all of feith, were to speak in its walls, its adornment, and its wor- ship. Consequently, in the construction of All Souls' Church, he bewildered the architects and astonished the town. Peculiar in its construction, it is equally novel in its interior arrangement, but as a whole, is most imposing, tasteful, and beautiful. The congregation is numerous and wealthy. They are exceed- ingly proud of their minister, and largely encourage him in his good works. Dr. Bellows is not a showy man ii the pulpit, either in person or manners. Hifi appearance , is utterly without pretension, and al- most humble, while -his manners are plain and careless as to all effect His head is of the intellectual kind, his face gentle in every lineament, and you award him instantly the merit of learning, amia- bility, and goodness. He is a v6ry effective thinker, and as much an effective speaker. His thought is original, his reasoning is pro- found, and both are enforced by great earnestness of feeling and tone of speech. Eeligion, humanity, ,gcodness, beauty, art, and genius are the subjects of his enthusiasm, and in all his discourses, in the pulpit and elsewhere, they leave their line of light His most 45 EEV.. HENRY W. BELLOWS, D. D. eloquent passages are when he rises in amplification or climax. " We -want only faith in the constitution as it is," he said, in a pow- erful sermon — " faith in the rights of political majorities to exercise their legitimate powers — ^faith in the original wisdom of the fathers — ^faith in humanity— faith in Christ and in God, to carry us tri- umphantly through this glorious but awful hour when the grandest political structure, the providence of God ever allowed to be erected is to be finally tested by earthquake, and to prove, I doubt not, that it rests on the Rock of Ages, and will endure while time shall last" His voice, especially at such timeSrisas clear and sweet as a flute ,^ his intensified words fall upon the feelings like sparks upon tinder, and he carries the hearer absorbed and lost iin his. eloquence, while in himself every thought awakens an emotion, and every utterance has been sealed by conviction. He is a fair,, honest speaker, with nature, devotion, and kindness glowing in all he says. He is emr phatically one to trust-^like Affection as she entwines with . her tender arms, and like Mercy, whose voice is the truest melody of love. But perhaps Dr. Bellows is the most interesting in his social intercourse. Any one can approach him, and few there are who do not love an hour with him — he is so genial, so friendly, and so enter- taining. Are you sad, he is saddened also ; are you. gay, he laughs with you; is your conversation of religion, of books, of music, of works of art, or on the topics of the day, he is ready to discuss them all. And, then, he has such a store of information from his reading, such a critical taste, such new ideas, such just and liberal views> that he not only instructs but captivates. In truth, he is not one of your gloomy, sour, cynical clergymen, but finds a silver lining in every cloud, and seeks to plant flowers where so many others would sow thorns. He would have ^his a happy world ; 'he would enjoy to the fullest its rich blessings, and he would bring the mind of man in contact with everything beautiful on earth, ifco prepare it the better for heaven. A hater of bigotry, a denouncer of Phariseeism he is the upholder of purity and the illustration of humility. Bold in the advocacy of truth, unsparing in his rebuke of evil, he is modest of his triumphs and thoughtful of his own action& In the com- munity, in the church, and in the social world, he stands a firm, symmetrical pillar as a guide and a beacon. The pillar will crumble to decay, but the virtues of the man are enduring. 46 MY. NICHOLAS BJERRING, PltlEST OIF" TIXE greek: CIIA.PEL, ]VE1W YOllK;. ^EV. NICHOLAS BJEEEING was bom in 1831. He is priest of the Greek chapel in New York. There are other chapels in New Orleans, San Francisco, and Alaska. At present the place used is a portion of the private resi- dence of Mr. Bjerring; but lots have been purchased on Lexington avenue, near Fifty -second street, where a church in the Byzantine style will eventually be erected. The chapel is very beautifully fitted and decorated. It is attended by the Russians and Greeks of the city, and many persons of all denominations, drawn by curiosity. Mr. Bjerring bas translated the service into English, and it is sometimes given in that language. The estimated number of members, including Greeks and Eussians, is less than one hundred. The Russian minister, and the members of the embassy resident in Washington, attend these services at intervals, and the Grand Duke Alexis, while in New York, also attended service in the chapel. Mr. Bjerring is the author of a translation of a work entitled " The Russian Orthodox Church, a Treatise of her Origin and Life," by the Arcbpriest Basaroif. An Orthodox Greek church is generally built in the form of a cross. The position of the' edifice is fi-om west to east. The inner space of the church is divided into three principal parts. In the east is the altar ; entrance to it is not generally accorded to persons not set apart to service in the church. The second principal division is the churcb proper, in which the faithful meet for worship. The. third division consists of an ante-chamber and a porch, which latter is sometimes called the outer, as the former is designated the inner, ante-chamber. The inner ante-chamber was once set apart for the catechumens and certain penitents. It is sometimes called the trapeza (table or dining ball), because here, in the primitive age of the Church, the love-feast, or agapce, was held — that is, a meal consisting of the gifts brought by the faithful. In the outer hall formerly stood the penitents of the lowest grade, or those usually called Flmtes 47 REV. NICHOLAS BJEEBING. As in the temple of tte Old Testament there were in the hob ol' holies, with the ark, also the golden keys, the manna, the ro( of Aaron, and the table of the law, so there are in the Orthodox Eastern Church also the tabernacle, that is, a vessel wherein ar placed the holy gifts for the sick, a cross, as the sign of the eterna Priest of our redemption, and a book of Gospels, as the depositor of His holy law, all of which are placed on the holy table. Behinc the holy table, toward the east, is erected the throne for the bishop on both sides of which are side thrones for the clerics serving witl the bishop. By this is signified the heavenly seat of Jesus Chris and His sovereignty in the Church, and, at the same time, also th( participation therein of His holy apostles and their successors. A the north side of the altar is placed the credence table, for the du( preparation on it of the holy gifts for the celebration of the Liturgy The altar is separated from the church proper by a wooden partition on which are depicted the forms of saints. Through this partitioi there are three doors leading from the sanctuary to the altar On the altar side the holy doors are provided with a movabL curtain. Through the holy doors only a bishop, priest, or dea con may enter the holy altar. The holy doors are ever oma mented with the picture of the annunciation, signifying tha through the incarnation of God, the Word, heaven was first openec for the redemption of man; and also with the picture of th( four evangelists, because they, like GabrielJ the Archangel, wen instrumental in announcing to the world the heavenly message oi salvation. Mr. Bjerring is a gentleman in the prime of life, talented, anc energetic. He is tall and gracefully proportioned. His complexior is light, with fair hair and large blue eyes. His manners are ex tremely courteous, and he has a fluent earnestness in conversation The favor with which he is regarded by the high dignitaries of th( Greek church in Kussia, and also by the Holy Synod, is shown by hii responsible position in this country. Since his residence in Ne^ York his intercourse with the clergy of other denominations, anc with the most influential of the people, has been of a character' t( secure the esteem of all. At the altar he is impressive in the highes degree ; and away from it all his functions as a priest and gentlemai are discharged in a manner most conducive to the honor of hii church, government, and of himself 48 'r^M-'^-O REV. WILLIAM H. BOOLE, I»A.STOR OF THE HEDDING MJETHOXUST CHXJKCH, NETV YORIt. )EV. WILLIAM H. BOOLE was born at Slielburne, Nova Scotia, April 24tli, 1827. When ten years of age his father came to the city of New York, which became the home of the family, and was the birth-place of other children. Mr. Boole's early education was obtained in the public and private schools, and at the age of fifteen he commenced the study of law in the oiBce of Henry L. Clark. After about two years he was taken away by his brother-in-law, the celebrated shipbuilder, McKay, and with him learned sbip-draughting and building. He entered the Methodist ministry in the New York East Conference, in May, 1854. He was first stationed at Clinton, Connecticut, in the same year ; and subsequently at New Britain and Sable. At the organization of the Sickles Excelsior Brigade, Mr. Boole joined the Fifl;h Eegiment as chaplain, and was in the field for nearly a year, resigning by reason of a compound fi:acture of the left wrist, which is not yet restored, causing annoyance in preaching. A young son of Mr. Boole's enlisted as a drummer in Duryea's Zouaves, and died of congestion of the lungs in one of the military hospitals. He was chairman of the Committee on the State of the Country of the New York East Conference in 1865, and one of a committee sent with congratulatory resolutions to President Lincoln, on the sur- render of Lee's army. Mr. Boole has been pastor of various Methodist churches of New York and Brooklyn. He is now serving an appointment to the church in East Seventeenth Street, New York. He enjoys much celebrity as an eloquent and popular speaker. During tbe presiden- tial campaign of 1868, Mr. Boole was on the platform night and day, in different States, speaking for the Kepublican party. In 1861 Mr. Boole delivered a sermon entitled "Antidote to Rev. K J. Van Dyke's Pro-Slavery Discourse," which attracted wide at- ' EEV. WILLIAM H. BOOLE. tention. It was afterward delivered in the form of a lecture, and published in a pamphlet In 1870 he delivered a powerful speech at Cooper Institute, New York, on the subject, "Shall Our Common School System be Main- tained as it is?" wbich was subsequently published .in pamphlet form. A discourse on "The Bible in the Schools and State,'' was published, and passed through several editions. In June, 1871, Mr. Boole and other Methodist clergymen of " The National Association for the Promotion of Holiness," visited Salt Lake City and the Pacific Coast, taking an immense tent, in which to hold religious services. At Salt Lake the coming of the members of the Association was looked for with great interest for several months, by both the Mormon and Gentile portions of the community. Brigham ^oung manifested his interest by pointed allusions in his public addresses in the Tabernacle and- at Ogden. The meetings were opened on Sunday, June 11th, in the tent, and were continued until the following Sunday. On Friday evening Mr. Boole preached a sermon of remarkable eloquence, on the Christian Priesthood and the Plurality of Wives, viewing these subjects from the New Testa- ment standpoint Brigham Young, Orson Pratt, Smith, Cannon, and several more of the " Twelve Apostles " were present, and sat directly in front of the speaker. The audience numbered not less than three thousand, of whom the majority were Mormons. Mr. Boole has stated to us, in regard to tbis great semion, that when he rose to speak he had very little collected idea of the lan- guage he should use, but he felt thoroughly under an inspiration from God to do battle for Truth and Virtue with all his mortal power. As the sermon proceeded, the proofs and logic of the New Testament, as against the pretensions of the Latter Day Saints, so moved the Mormons that they indulged in frequent interruptions, while its grand and swellihg eloquence thrilled both friends and foes. Says an account : — " As the preacher closed his remarks and sat down, several Mor- mons leaped upon the seats and began loudly to oppose. At this point the murmurs of the different factions added to the storm, which soon threatened a serious conflict Many miners — of whom there were a large namber present — ^pressed toward the platform for the protection of the ministers, their wives, and friends, while a few drew their revolvers. Eev. J. S. Inskip said to the excited throng, ' We will not suffer any interruption here, on our own ground. We are EEV. WILLIAM H. BOOLE. American citizens, and under the protection of the United States Government. At this a loud shout arose, ' Hurrah for the United States Government ! ' which seemed to awe the Mormon belligerents, for they soon ceased their noise, and slowly retired." Not only did this learned and fearless sermon make such an assault upon Mormon doctrines as had never been so well attempted before, but the constitutional right of free speech was triumphantly vindicated. Judge James B. McKean, of the United States Court of Utah, in a private letter to Mr. Boole, under date of Salt Lake City, October 9th, 1871, says : " There are so few men in the world that could have done successfully what you undertook here, in preaching to Mormons against polygamy and latter-day revelations, that I would have, and I think I did, advise against it. But ' the theology, the logic, the rhetoric, the temper, and the tact, which you brought to bear, were irresistible. The Mormons for once showed that they felt themselves to be unhorsed, and the Gentiles were ex- ultant. That sermon will long be remembered here, as something to date from. George L. Cannon, himself hardly second in talent to any Mormon, is reported to have said, ' That man Boole is the ablest preacher that has ever spoken in this city.' Even your enemies are constrained to praise you. You need never regret that effort." The Kev. T. De Witt Talmage, in an article entitled "The Big Tent," says : " We found the track of the Methodist tent all the way across the continent." In the cities of the Pacific coast, and at many camp-meetings in the East, Mr. Boole and his ministerial brethren preached to vast audiences. Mr. Boole is one of the editors of the Advocate of Soilness, a monthly magazine published in Boston, under the auspices of the National Association. A man of practical inclinations in everything, Mr. Boole some years since began to interest himself in providing permanent camp grounds, with adjoining property, for furnishing Christian families a summer resort in the midst of Christian influences. Associated with the Eev. W. B. Osborn, he purchased the Ocean Grove property at Long Branch, New Jersey, and afterward formed the Ocean Grove Camp Meeting Association. The whole estate of three hundred acres was deeded to the Association, at the same price for which it was first bought. A large number of cottages have been built, and lots which sold originally at one hundred dollars have found ready purchasers at one thousand dollars. 51 EEV. "WILLIAM H. BOOLE. In December, 1871, Mr. Boole purchased property on Hempsteac Harbor, Long Island, which he called "Sea Cliff Grove," and subse quentlv conveyed, for the same price he gave for it, to the Sea Clifl Grove and Metropolitan Camp Ground Association of New Yorl and Brooklyn. This property is twenty-six miles from New York and contains two hundred and fifty acres, with one mile of wate: front. It cost one hundred and ten thousand dollars, and the build ings, roads, and water-works one hundred thousand more. Th( scenery is the most magnificent on Long Island Sound. A buildinj for religious services, called the Metropolitan Tabernacle, is one bun dred feet wide and one hundred and fifty feet long. We now come, in our enumeration of the special labors of Mr Boole, to his "work of faith," known as the "Home for Women,' located in a house in Water Street, New York, which was former!] kept for a dog-pit and other abominations. In establishing a bomi for the fallen women of Water Street, Mr. Boole sought a location ii the immediate vicinity of the dance-houses, for bis theory was tha to save these women he must have a place near their haunts of vice where those who were so disposed could be gradually lifted out o: the slums, and made to work their way into respectable life. The Home has now been in successful operation for three years and its records are full of most affecting reformations and conver sions. Some have died in the happiness of repentance and salvation Not only have women left the slums in the vicinity and taken refag( here, but they have come from dens of infamy elsewhere in the city With an annual expenditure of over three thousand three bun dred dollars, yet the sole dependence of the institution is the unso licited offerings which are given to it. No one is asked to give any thing, but those connected with it pray without ceasing for its car by the Heavenly Father. They have accepted the promise of Jesug " If ye shall ask anything in my name, I will do it," and thev reh on it for every dollar and every mouthful of food. Professor Tyndall of England, has asked for some proof of the efficacy of prayer ; an( here it is in one among the many instances fi:om Mr. Boole' diary : — "February 15, 1872. — This morning I rode down to the Home There was not quite one dollar in hand, and I knew tbe matroi must be needing money. On entering and accosting one of the ma trons, I learned that breakfast had consumed aft their store, and ther remained neither food nor money to supply dinner. Going into tb 52 EEV. WILLIAM H. BOOLE. sewing-room, where the inmates were at work, and making some allusion to the fact of there being nothing for dinner, several of the girls spoke out, ' It is all right, sir ; we ar6 happy I " I said, ' Can you trust the Lord for your dinner? ' ' yes, sir I ' they all cheer- fully replied. . . , While we were yet talking, a dear brother, a minister, came in, having arrived from his home in the country; and, after a moment's salutation, he said, ' I am sent from a few la- dies of my church with some money for your Home,' and handed me twenty-seven dollars. Thus did the Lord show his faithfulness, in the presence of the people. This was a sweet lesson of faith to us all." Mr. Boole is anxious to extend his work by obtaining a country home, to which women can be sent for the purpose of continuing the reformation begun in the parent institution. In all these labors he is acting with a practical aim which is certain to secure success. Mr. Boole is of the medium height, and has an erect carriage. His features are regular, and the whole countenance is striking in its manly and intellectual lineaments. The face is long, having a high brow, and the eyes are large and expressive. His hair is straight, and, being worn long, and falling behind his ears, presents the brow and face in their full prominence. In early life Mr. Boole formed the habit of self-reliance, and, though he has passed through academical and other studies, he is a self-taught man. He has studied some of the languages, mostly the Hebrew. His mode of preparation for the pulpit is careful and la- borious. Not satisfied with a thorough study of his subject, he writes out his sermons in extenso, and, dispensing with all manuscript except very brief notes, his delivery has all the ease and freedom of extemporaneous speaking. While there is an impulsiveness and spiritedness in his utterances, they have the thoughtfulness and finish of written sentences. His natural powers of oratory fit him for an elegant, and effective speaker, but they have all been trained and developed at the same time that he has cultivated his other talents. Mr. Boole is a fine type of intellectual manhood, and of the earn- est, fearless sect to which he belongs. Ambitious to excel and dis- tinguish himself in the field of mental culture, he is not less an en- thusiast for his faith, bringing all his ability and influence to its service. Talented, devout, and seeking to make his life an example of virtue, Christian fidelity, and labor, he is certainly'pursuing a road leading to living honors and celestial peace. 63 REY. ROBERT R. BOOTH, D. D., PA-STOR O-F THE UNIVERSITY PLACE PRES- BYTERIA.Tif CIirTRCH, 3VE"W YORK! IeV. DE. EOBEET E. booth was born in the city of New York, May 30th, 1830. He took a course of two years at the New York University, then going to Williams College, where he was graduated in 1849. His preparation for the ministry was at Auburn Theological Seminary, from which institution he graduated in 1852. He now spent a year in agreeable and profitable travel ia Europe and the Bast. Upon his return to his native land he accepted a call as assistant of the vener- able Eev. Dr. Beman, pastor of the First Presbyterian Church of Troy, and was ordained in October of the same year. After a service of three years and a half he became pastor of the First Presbyterian Church, at Stamford, .Conn., where he remained for four years. On the 4th of March, 1861, he was installed as pastor of the Mercer street Presbyterian Church in New York. This congregation was in former days one of the most influential and wealthy bodies of Presbyterian believers in the city, having been organized about the year 1886. A church edifice was erected on ground leased of the Sailors' Snug Harbor, at a cost of some fifty thousand dollars. From various reasons, the chief of which was the up-town migration of the people, the congregation after many years declined in numbers, and at the time of Dr. Booth's coming not more than forty pews were rented. At that period there were only about two hundred members; whereas in 1866 there were about four hundred and fifty, and about two hundred families. A large number of Sunday school children were taught under the auspices of the church, including the regular school and school connected with the Half Orphan Asylum, and two mission schools on the east side of the city. In 1870*the church edifice was sold to the Church of the Strangers, Rev. Dr. Charles F. Deems, for fifty thousand dollars. A union of 6i BEV. EOBEBT R. BOOTH, D. D. the Mercer street congregation with the University Place Presbyterian church having been effected, Dr. Booth was called as pastor of the new organiziation, and entered upon his duties in September, 1870. The University Place Church was originally a colony from the First Presbyterian Church, then in "Wall street, and the Brick Church, then in Beekman street. Ground was purchased in Cedar street, and a church erected in 1807. The fine stone edifice on University Place, now occupied by the union congregation, was built by the subscriptions of a few persons during the pastorship of the eminent Eev. Dr. George Potts, who remained pastor until his death, about 1864. The continued removal of families up-town rendered it a wise policy for these two old congregations to unite, and thereby maintain an efiicient strength. Dr. Booth received his degree of D. D. from the New York University, in 1864. He has published various sermons and ad- dresses, which have attracted a wide attention. Dr. Booth is of the average height, well-proportioned, and active. His head is round, with regular, expressive features. His complexion is pale, and the predominant characteristics of his face are intel- lectuality and amiability. He has easy, friendly manners, and such happy powers of conversation that altogether he is a most fascinating companion. There is a great deal of what is called man about him. An intelligent gentleman, a pure-minded and upright man, a diligent student in the paths of the sacred writers and of classical and polite literature, he has all the convictions, culture, and taste which elevate the individual to its nearest approximation to true manhood; but above and beyond all these he has a nature which in itself tbrms the foundation of a noble character, and to which the others are but the superstructura In not only the thought but the practice of the nobler maxims of life;. in a bold and manly conscientiousness and responsibility as to all personal conduct ; in a stern and inflexible devotion to duty and tci principle, and yet a charitable and gentle mode of dealing with all the short-comings of other people — such has been the course which, as youth and man, this gentleman has made the rule of his existence. Dr. Booth's sermons are finished specimens of English compo- sition. The diction is flowing and eloquent, and at the same time it is sufficiently concise and logical. Most of the delivery is in a calm, deliberate style, with occasional passages of animation. Olf one matter the hearer is instantly assured : these sermons are thoughtful and 55 EEV. ROBERT R. BOOTH, D. D. scholarly productions. Thoughtful as to both the matter they cor tain and the object in view in presenting it to the public ; and scholai ly as to both the language and the labored research which will bes arrest attention and produce conviction. They are not dashed o£ with an effort for rhetorical effect, nor are they delivered with a hop of producing oratorical sensations ; but they are sober and studiec religious disquisitions, written in the most practical and earnest styh of Christian scholarship, and pronounced for the salvation of souls. Dr. Booth for .one of his years has made a goodly advance on th( road of fame. In his own and other denominations, among learnec men as well as the public at large, he has a high reputation as a mar of extensive learning, eminent piety, and great usefulness. How grea' the work before him may be cannot, of course, now be decided ; bu one thing is certain, that it can in no measure outstrip his willing energies, or his ambition to excel in devotion to duty. o(i REY. WILLIAM lYES BDDINGTON, D. D., PA.STOR OF" THE CI^INTOTT A.VEPftJi: COISTGRE- GAmOTSA-JJ CHXJRCH, BKOOItLiYN. jEY. DE. IVES BUDINGTON was born at New Haven, April 21st, 1815. He was graduated at Yale College in 1834, and, after the study of theology for tliree years in New Haven, concluded his course at Andover in 1839. He was ordained April 22cl, 1840, at Charlestown, Mass., at the same time being installed as pastor of the First Con- gregational Church of that place. Here he remained until Septem- ber, 1854, when he went to Philadelphia, and for a limited period officiated at the Western Presbyterian Church. He was next called to the Clinton Avenue Congregational Church, Brooklyn, and entered upon his duties April 22d, 1855. This organization has existed for some twenty-six years, and until 1855 met on the corner of Clinton and Gates avenues. A new edifice was completed on the corner of Clinton and Lafayette avenues in 1855, and a chapel, fronting on Lafayette avenue, was finished in 1859 ; tBe whole* property costing $90,000. During 1864 the sum of |25,000 was subscribed to pay the entire debt of the church. Beside this, the pews were donated back to the church by theix owners, making a gift of an additional $25,000. There are four hundred members and about two hundred families attending the church. Dr. Budington's pub- lished writings consist of a history of the First Congregational Church of Charlestown, and various occasional sermons and ad- dresses. He received his degree of D. D. from Amherst College in 1856. A Congregational Council, assembled in Brooklyn, March 24th, 1874, at the invitation of the Clinton avenue and Pilgrim Congre- gational churches, to take into consideration a question of discipline regarding Plymouth church (Eev. Mr. Beecher), on which there' was a difference of views on the part of the two pastors and congregar 57 EEV. WILLIAM IVES BUDINGTON, D. D. tions on the one side, and the one pastor and congregation on the other. The decision was regarded as favorable to those asking the Council, though there was no censure of Mr. Beecher. Dr. Budington is rather above the medium height, equally pro- portioned, and erect He has a well-formed head, of marked in- tellectual development His complexion and hair are fair, and his expression is that of a repose amounting almost to severity. His frigidity and harshness of countenance are more observable in his public exercises than in social intercourse. To see him in the pulpit, clad in the single-breasted clerical coat, pale, stern, rigid, and deeply reflective, he has all the -appearance of a modern model of the Puritan ecclesiastical autocrats of the early times. Every word is measured, every thought is logical, and every sentiment is conviction. The man swimming for his life might as well expect an outstretched hand to come from some silent, frowning, perpendicular wall of rocks, as for the wicked to find the light of mercy in that face so severe, emotionless, and changeless. His face at these times draws no heart toward him, however, much his wmds may do so. In private life he is a totally different being. His countenance beams with instant ani- mation ; he is cordial, unrestrained, and talkative. The gloomy, icy Puritan seems, after all, to have been the mere outer shell of most cheerful, genial qualities within. There is no abatement of his fixed- ness of opinion and earnestness of reasoning, while there is a bursting forth of the warmer and gentler impulses of the heart Dr. Budington is in all respects an able man. He is a labo- rious, painstaking student, and a close, logical thinker. His sermons show great originality, as well as gracefulness of diction. He elabor- ates, refines, and analyzes until he presents the truth with a power well calculated to be irresistible to the intelligence. Arguments of the nature that he indulges in, coming from others, would in many cases be considered dry and uninteresting ; but with him they are far fi-om being so. In the first place, his delivery is excellent, both as regards voice and manner ; and in the second, his arguments are so clear, so pleasantly illustrated by similes, and withal so masterly in logic, that they hold the hearer quite as spell-bound as the more brilliant and moving appeals of eloquence. His eyes have a pene- trating gaze; his mouth assumes an expression of decision, and stern- ness settles an unmovable cloud upon his features. You see that he is in earnest in his work, that all the gifls of his intellect are brought into use, and an occasional tremulousness of voic(! gives additional 58 REV. WILLIAM IVES BUDINGTON, D. D. testimony as to the strength of his personal feelings. As we have said, there is now nothing in his face that appeals to you. He looks you through and through, with a glance as keen as a needle, and the heart feels a chill from the icy countenance. But all this time he is bombarding the mind with agreeably stated logic, and gradually, and then more powerfully, he brings the awakened convictions and con- science to influence, and inspire the heart His triumph is complete. He has first repelled and then enchained — first frozen the heart, and then melted both mind and emotions. Dr. Budington's brethren of the ministiy speak of him as a truly good man. They instance his labors in his present congregation, where at times there has been much dissension, growing out of per- sonal bickerings, unwise plans, blunders, and a load of debt. In the midst of all this, no circumstance has ever changed the serene temper, the moral fortitude, and the Christian gentleness of the pastor. And now when the dark day is over, and the period of trial gone by, the exaltation of character then displayed has endeared him even to those whose purposes he opposed. Mainly through his instrumen- tality, his people are to-day united and powerful, devoted to their spiritual teacher, and he to them, with their heavy indebtedness dis- charged, and their future undimmed by a single cloud. Eipe in scholarship, practicing all the graces of the gentleman, and the acknowledged and admired Christiaii, Dr. Budington is alike conspicuous in public life and valued in the private circle. His praises are spoken in the language of popular applause, and in the utterances of breasts guided by his rare example. 59 REV. SAMUEL D. BURCHARD, D. D., PA.STOR OF THE THIKTEEIVTH STREET PRES- 35YTEKTA.1V CHTjrtCH, NETT YORK:. IeV. DE. SAMUEL D. BUECHAED was born in the town of Steuben, Oneida county, New York, September 6tli, 1812, on the farm where Baron Steuben lived and died, it being a portion of the township awarded that distinguished revolutionary officer for his public services. The SSJ farm of six hundred acres became the property of the father of Dr. Biu-chard. and here his youth was passed amid the patriotic in- fluences of the home and grave of the departed hero and soldier. The county was settled to a large extent by the Welch, which language Dr. Burchard once spoke with freedom. When about seven- teen years of age he went to Hamilton. Madison county, with the in- tention of entering a Baptist theological institution, and preparing for that ministry. A conversation with his brother, on the subject of " close communion," induced him, at the last moment, to decide agaii^st any connection with the Baptists. In the autumn of the same year he was at home, suffering greatly from asthma, when the follow- ing incident occurred. Passing along the road one day, he encount- ered a wagoner, who noticed his distress, and said to him : "Why, lad, you've got the heaves badl3^" "Something like it," replied the youth. " Well, get up here," remarked the other. The youth mounted the wagon, when the wagoner further re- marked : " When a horse has the heaves we send him west of the AUe- ghanies. Now, if a horse can be cured, why can't you f "' The result was that these somewhat original but practical su''-- gestions were acted upon, and in two weeks' time the youth was on his way to Kentucky. Going to Lexington, he made preparations to start a school, but, showing himself an effective speaker in addressino- temperance meetings, he was urged to prepare for the ministry with- 60 KEV. SAMUEL D. BURCHARD, D. D. out delay. He soon after entered Centre College at Danville. During his collegiate course he was very active in the temperance movement, constantly addressing crowded , meetings, and acquired great fame as a ready debater and eloquent extemporaneous speaker. Providen- tially, too, his asthma was permanently cured. On one occasion more than three thousand people had assembled to hear him speak on temperance, when he found himself suffering with a sudden and severe attack of the complaint He thought himself able, however, ■to make an apology, and rose to do so. The vast assemblage had an electrical effect upon him. After a few words he began to feel relief, and proceeding, made one of the best speeches of his life, which was of three hours' duration. In 1836 he was sent to the east on a mis- sion to raise funds for Centre College, and was successfully engaged in this work about a year, preaching and making addresses in all the principal cities. He held forth frequently at the old Broadway Tabernacle, where crowds flocked to hear him. Eeturning to Ken- tucky, he was graduated with his class in 1837. He received calls to churches in New York, Boston, and Newark, but preferred to con- tinue his theological studies at Danville, under Drs. Young and Greene. This class was the foundation of the present Presbyterian Presbytery in the spring of 1838. Desiring to pursue his studies in New York, he consented to take the temporary charge of the Houston , street Presbyterian Church, commencing his duties in the autumn of the same year. In the following spring he accepted a formal call, and was ordained and installed. He preached eight years in Houston street, during which time eight hundred and forty-four persons were added to the church, and two hundred and ninety-three children baptized. Many of the congregation desired to plant a church up town, and a colony, consisting of one hundred and eighty members, with the pastor, was constituted into a new church May 27th, 1846. After worshiping in the chapel of the New York University for nearly a year, in May, 1847, the basement of a new edifice in Thir- teenth street was erected, and in September the main building was occupied. The property cost $80,000, and there was an encumbrance of about $24,000. On the 8th of January, 1855, the edifice was en- tirely consumed by fire. Another building was erected on the same site, and dedicated in the following October. Tiie debt had been re- duced before the fire to. $7000 ; but it was again increased to nearly $22,000, which was gradually reduced, and in May, 1864, entirely removed. Up to the year 1815 there had been added to the church 61 REV. SAMUEL Di BUBCHARD, D. D. one thousand four hundred and fifty-six persons, five hundred being on profession of their faith ; eight hundred and sixty -six had been dismissed or died, and the number at that time was seven hundred and seventy. Three hundred and eighty-nine children had been bap- tized The Sabbath attendance was about one thousand persons. The total number added to the church under Dr; Burchard's ministry of twenty-five years was two thousand two hundred and ninety. ■ His pastoral calls had averaged about one thousand a year, making an aggregate of twenty-five thousand calls, and he had attended not far from two thousand five hundred funerals. During 1853, Dr. Burchard was prostrated by the formation of an internal abscess, from which his life was despaired of. The most eminent surgeons declared that only the most painful and difficult operation could possibly save his life, and even then there were a thousand to one chances that he would die under the knife. The operation was entered upon by Drs. Sayre and Hossack, and a cavity made, in the words of Dr. B. to us, "as big as a child's head." After extraordinary endurance, at length his pulse seemingly ceased to beat, and the surgeons pronounced the patient dead. His wife, how- ever, who remained in the room during^ nearly the whole; operation, insisted that he was not dead, and vigorous means were taken for his resuscitation. For a long time no signs of life appeared, and the surgeons again and again reiterated their opinion that it was totally extinct The efforts' continued, and Mrs. Burchard claimed that she detected a slight glow in the cheeks, but the surgeons were still in- credulous. At last the patient gave a gasp, the pulse returned, and, to the joy of the devoted wife and the profound astonishment of the surgeons, it became evident that he still lived. From day to day, when he could endure it; other operations took place, the cutting ex- tending at least three inches into the body. ■ The bowels were ex- posedj and the bladder was actuaUy displaced and replaced. In his recovery, nothing was more wonderful than the manner in which the parts were healed, ' and the manner in which nature supplied the absence of bones and muscles that had been removed. Dr. Burchard was restored to his pastoral duties in about six months. The case attracted great attention from the medical profession both in the United States and abroad. Visiting Europe in 1865, he was invited to the leading medical colleges, wh^e his person was ex- amined, and he was listened to with little less than wonder. He C2 BEV. SAMUEL D. BUBCHABD, D. D. gave a public lecture on his case at one of the institutions, and so thrillingly interesting was it that one of the faculty fainted. Dr. Burchard published, in 1840, a volume, entitled " The Laurel Wreath ;" and in 1853 a handsome volume, with steel engravings, entitled " The Daughters, of Zion," which was republished in Eng- land. He has also issued various sermons and addresses, and written largely for the magazines. , His degree of D. D. was conferred by Madison University, in 1852. He is the chancellor of Ingham Uni versity, at Leroy, New York, an institution for females, and is con- nected with many charitable and religious institutions and societies of New York city. Dr. Burchard is of tall person, erect, and well-formed. He has a round head, not large, but well developed, with regular and intelli- gent features. He is of fair hair and complexion, and exceedingly bald. His countenance shows a great deal of honest, independent character, and an unfailing store of amiability and cheerfulness. He is, genial and communicative, and readily obtains the esteem and love of those with whom he comes in contact. His learning is varied, embracing many subjects quite foreign to his profession, and he is most happy in his mode of making it a source of pleasure and benefit to others. It is apparent that he is a man of much shrewd penetra- tion as to character, and that his own is bold and manly, while thoroughly and enthusiastically religious. He has a nervous im- pulsiveness of manner, but his judgment is collected and his reso- lution heroic. As instances of the latter, it may be mentioned that during the cholera pestilence of 1832 he remained at Danville, nurs- ing the sick and shrouding the dead, when almost all who could do so fled ; and under the severe medical operations which he has submitted to he was never bound or stupified in any degree. He is a fascinating, extemporaneous speaker^ There is a gush of language from his lips as unrestrained as water from a fountain, and it sparkles with all the glow of impassioned eloquence. His sermons are written with the same smoothness and beauty, while they do not lack in argumentative power. He always speaks with feeling and great devoutness, using a few impressive gestures. His ministry in New York now stretches over a period, of thirty-four years. It is a ministry brilliant with triumphs. It is years of talents well applied, and God's work well done. 63 REY. STEPPIEN H. CAMP, P-A.STOK OF TJ3VITY TJNITjiLK.IA.TV CH-A.rEL.. DBKOOKLX^YIf. I EV. STEPHEN H. CAMP was born at Windsor, Con necticut, May 29th, 1837. In boyhood he resolved t( dedicate his life to the Christian ministry. At the agi of fourteen his father removed the family to the westen part of the State of New York, and sought to make arrange ments for the purchase of a farm ; but in this he failed, and thi son was obliged to abandon the hope of a liberal education. Grreatb disappointed, but meekly bowing to his fate, he at once turned hi attention to learning a mechanical trade. In September, 1852, he en tered a machine shop at Eochester for this purpose ; and in Septem ber, 1868, he went to Milwaukee, and was there engaged as a ma chinist. Here, while patiently laboring at his occupation, he me the Eev. Mr. Staples, who became interested in him, and so far pro moted his hopes and plans, that he was enabled to enter the Diviniti School at Meadville, Penn. Upon the termination of his studies, hi became the chaplain of a colored regiment then at Port Hudson Louisiana, and on his return from the service, he took charge of thi Unitarian Church at Toledo, Ohio. It was in a very unfavorabL condition, but at the end of a year presented a more hopeful aspect In March, 1869, he visited Brooklyn, where he preached for tw( weeks, as a supply, to the people of Unity Chapel. He was so mucl admired that a cordial and unanimous call was extended to him which he accepted. The founding of Unity Chapel, or the Third Unitarian Congre gational Society of Brooklyn, was chiefly due to the efforts of th( Eev. Dr. Alfred P. Putnam, pastor of the Church of the Saviour generously aided by his own congregatioa The first services wer( held on Sunday, October 6th, 1867, in a public room on the cornei of Classon and Fulton avenues, about fifty persons being present a each service. On the evening of December 3d, 1867, more thai 64 EEV. STEPHEN H. 0AM P. thirty persons assembled and organized as a religious society. The expense of the enterprise during the three months preceding Januaiy 1st, 1868, were entirely defrayed by Dr. Putnam's church. In Feb- ruary, 1868, in consequence of Dr. Putnam's continued appeals, a sub- scription was raised for the erection of a chapel. Ten thousand dol- lars were thus obtained, to which the American Unitarian Associa- tion added a further five thousand. In April, 1868, seven lots of ground were purchased on Classon avenue and Lefferts street, for the present chapel and a future church. The corner-stone of the chapel was laid September 4th, 1868, and the dedication of the completed edifice occured December 9th, 1868. A powerful and eloquent ser- mon was preached by Dr. Putnam, and numerous other prominent ministers took part in the impressive services. The cost of the lots, building and fixtures, was about twenty-six thousand dollars. From the date of its organization, the society gave evidence of constantly increasing strength and influence, and under the ministration of Mr. Camp, it has been thoroughly united and active in the religious work. Mr. Camp is an interesting and impressive preacher. By voice and manner, he shows that his personal feelings are fully involved in all that he says, and that preaching with him is not intended for the display of talents, so much as to awaken his fellow-creatures to a consideration of religious and moral concerns. He arrests attention and conscience, because his sermons are thoughtful, argumentative productions ; and he converts because they are likewise aglow with the inspiration of a fixed and ardent faith. Poetry, sentiment, and beauty all affect and govern him in his mental action, and his views of life ; but the deep and moving source of all his convictions and his preaching is religion. Consequently, his daily life is marked by the purity and consistency which spring from such a condition of mind and heart, while his public career stands not less an example of fidel- ity to principle and duty, 65 KEY. J. HALSTED CARROLL, D. D., JE*A.STOR. OF THE 1EA.ST KEFOKMIED CHURCH, BROOBLI^YJV. EV. DE. J. HALSTED CAEROLL was born in the cit , of Brooklyn, May 21st, 1833. His father, the late Re-v Dr. Daniel L. Carroll, was one of the early pastors of th First Presbyterian Church, on Brooklyn Heights, am throughout a memorable ministry displayed the highest chai acteristics of learning, piety, and efficiency. " God is all m; hope," were his dying words. The son made a profession of religioi at the age of thirteen years, and entered college before he was foui teen. He then graduated at the University of Pennsylvania in Julj 1851, and at the Princeton Theological Seminary in May, 1855. A the close of his second year of theological study, he was licensed b; the Presbytery of Philadelphia to preach the gospel, and on the SOtl of May, 1855 (the year he left the seminary), he was ordained anc installed by the Presbytery of New Brunswick as pastor of the Pres byterian Church in Janiesburg, New Jersey. In the following yea his ministry was marked by a powerful revival, which affected no only his own congregation, but also the ■ neighboring congregation o Manalapan, where he labored a part of the time. Impaired healtl obliged this faithfal pastor to resign in 1858, when the following re solution was unanimously adopted by the church : "Besolved, That we do hereby publicly testify our gratitude t( God, that during Mr. Carroll's ministry here, his labors have beei signally blest by the out-pouring of the Holy Spirit, and that from i small beginning we have been raised up to be a growing and pros perous church." He had been attacked with hemorrhage of the lungs, and nov proceeded to Aiken, South Carolina, a noted resort for invalids. Ai his health improved, he occasionally preached, and with so mucl acceptance that he was invited to remain in the place as a permanen pastor. With this view, a Presbyterian church was organized then 66 EEV. J. HALSTED CARBOLL, D. D. 0111116 28111 and 29th. of August, 1858, and not long after a con- venient house of worship was erected. Here Dr. Carroll labored with great usefulness and success for nearly two years. He then resigned for the purpose of going to Europe, hoping to gain more perfect health. Under date of May 4th, 1860, a preamble and resolutions were adopted; by the church, from which we make the following extract: " Resolved^ That this church and congregation entertain a very grateful sense- of the valuable services rendered by Mr. Carroll in the founding and organizingof the church; of his zealous devotion to the promotion of the enterprise, and his successful efforts in raising the means for the construction of the house of worship, and that we shall ever affectionately cherish the recollection of his sympathizing at- tentions to the members of his flock in their mingled experience of joys and sorrows during, the period of his pastorship." Dr. Carroll left the United States in the early part of 1860, and was absent about a yean He traveled extensively in Europe, made the acquaintance of many celebrated men, listened to the preaching of the principal pulpit orators of Europe, and finally returned home with improved health. For several months he preached only occa- siouallyi until lie was called to the Soutb Congregational Church of New Haven, Conn. He accepted the call January ITtb, 1862. but by leason of severe indisposition, he did not commence his duties until the first Sabbath in June, 1862. At first be recalled his acceptance, but the congregation was so desirous to secure him that the time for ' his coming was voluntarily extended six months. His sermons preached as a candidate here made a deep impression, and his first sermon- as the pastor, was one of the ablest ever preached in New Haven. . The congr^ation. steadily increased, and became, on Sab- bath afternoons at least, larger than th(ise of any other church of the same denomination in the city. - The late Q-erard Halleck, well known as the editor of the New Yoiik' Journal of Cmnmercej was a member of this congregation, and' in the- course of a "History of the South Church," speaks thus of the ministry there of Dr. Carroll : " His sermons are full of thought, legitimately derived from his texts;, thoughs often not lying on the surface, yet when su^ested, so obviously comprehended within the scope of the passage, that the hearer wonders he never caught the idea before. There is withal a terseness and point in his discourses, and a beauty of language and imagery,- which rendera it impossible to forget them. His descrip- 67 KEY. J. HALTSED CARROLL, D. D. tioas of scenes and incidents are exceedingly graphic. His scriptur characters, as presented in the chapel on Sunday evenings for man; months in succession, until' superseded lately by the Fulton. Stree Prayer Meetings, we have never heard surpassed, so life-like and s full of instruction. The attendance upon them was very large. Ti those who never heard Mr. Carroll preach, we may remark that on half of the power of his discourses consists in the delivery, Som€ times they are written out in full, but more generally not, and ij either case he is entirely independent of his manuscript, seldom eve looking at it, but holding constant communication with his hearers not only by his voice, but by his expressive features and appropriat action. His enunciation is remarkably distinct, his voice is soft anc clear, and his command of the audience such that amidst the pro found stillness of the house, he is heard in every portion of it, evei when speaking not much above the tone of- common conversation * * * There is one peculiarity in his manner which we must no omit to mention, viz.: that it contains in about equal proportions, gen lleness and fire, two things theoretically inconsistent with each othei but practically exemplified in the South Church every Sabbath. A an extempore speaker especially his powers are extraordinary. Tab him when and where you will, on any subject, in the pulpit or on thi platform, or in the conference room, he is always ready and alwayi good, seldom hesitating or recalling a word, but going on.like a quiet steady stream, supplied by never-failing springs, until he has occupiec the time allotted him, or accomplished the end at which he aimed." After a pastorate of six years, Dr. Carroll resigned in New Haven and visited Europe a second time, preaching in the principal cities In Paris he labored very earnestly for the Young Men's Christiai Association, as well as officiating during the week and on Sabbathi in the American, English, and French chapels. On leaving the citj he was tendered the compliment of a breakfast, the clergy, and laiti present representing the various Protestant denominations, and th( Christian Association. The American Hegister, of Paris, thus notice! the^event: " Dr. Carroll being on the eve of his departure for Italy, his friendi met to testify their personal respect for him as a gentleman, and als( for his good and willing services to each during his short stay ii Paris. These acknowledgments took a more tangible form than tha of an excellent breakfast and excellent speeches, — a fine Bible was presented to the Rev. Doctor, on the fly leaf of which were writter EEV. J. HALSTED CAEROLL, D. D. tlie names of the Eev. gentlemen present, and those of representatives oi the Association, and the following jBattering address : ' An offering of friendship from the Protestant clergy and tbe Young Men's Chris- tian Association of Paris, expressive of their high appreciation of him as a brother dearly beloved for his own and his work's sake.' After breakfast the presentation was made, when deserving eulogies were passed on the honored guest. The following resolution, beau- tifully engrossed, was presented by the committee on behalf of the Associati.on as expressive further of their appreciation: '■Resolved^ While expressing our thanks to all the kind donors who have so generously helped us, we feel that special gratitude is due to the Rev. Dr. Carroll, of New Haven, U. S., our efficient temporary Vice- president. To his indefatigable and successful labors this Associa- tion is largely indebted for the means M'hich have provided and fur- nished our new rooms ; for the general interest and sympathy awak- ened in our behalf ; and above all, for his religious instruction and infliience, whicb have given such spirited impulse to us as a Christian Association. That God may blesi and reward him is the prayer of those with whom his name will ever be a household word.' " In May, 1869, he became pastor of the Leo Avenue Eeformed Church, Brooklyn. Here signal success crowned his ministry. The statistics of the church show, besides a phenomenal growth in the congregation, an addition of two hundred and forty-six to the roll of membership, and of these, one hundred and sixty -five united on con- fession of faith. During the two years of his pastorate, each year nearly doubled the accessions of any of the fifteen previous years of the church's history. In 1871 he accepted a call to his present church, the Bast Ee- formed, on Bedford Avenue, Brooklyn, then in a very feeble condi- tion. The congregation, numbered only thirty -seven persons, and the Sunday School scarcely existed, save in name. Since the settlement of Dr. Carroll, one of the most elegant church edifices in Brooklyn has been erected. It will seat comfortably one thousand persons, and its spacious lecture rooms, Sunday school and conference rooms, its parlors and appliances are all most beautiful and convenient. The Sunday school, frofti forty pupils, has gone up to three hundred. The church, from thirty-seven members, to three hundred and seven, — an increase in one year and a half of three hundred per cent in attendance, and four hundred per cent, in revenue. The parsonage which adjoins the church is commodious, containing thirteen rooms, 69 KEV. J. HALSTED CAEEOLL, D. H. while the illuminated steeple and clock malce the church edifice the distinguishing attraction of the locality. The whole property cost one hundred and fifty thousand dollars. The congregation com- pletely fills the house, and camp-stools are in requisition every Sun- day to accommodate the additional crowd of people. Dr. Carroll received his degree of D. D. from Hampden Sidney College, in 1868. Occasionally he delivers public addresses out of the pulpit, in which it has been truthfully said, " he is at home, knowing exactly where and how to strike the popular heart." At an Irish Eelief meeting in New Haven, for an hour or more he elec- trified an immense audience, who responded with cheer upon cheer. The Philadelphia Press speaks in these terms of an oration delivered by Dr. Carroll at the anniversary of the Athenaeum Literary Society of Delaware College, on the subject of " Men and Things Abroiid." " The oration was masterly throughout, exhibiting great artistic ex- cellence and rare specimens of varied and genuine eloquence — elo- quence of the intellect, imagination, and the emotions. Judging from the effect last evening, we would say that Dr. Carroll has few superiors in this country as an orator. His manner is in the highest sense dramatic, and ho seems to sway his audience at will. At one time, by a dash of wit and humor, convulsing them with laughter; at another, by some passage or picture of surpassing pathos, melting them to tears." Dr. Carroll has a well-proportioned and graceful figure. His head is large, with a face of striking intellectuality. He has warmth and sincerity in his manners, at the same time he displays a natural courtliness and dignity which are always agreeable to behold in a man of the clerical profession. In the piulpit his mastery ■ over the mind and heart of the masses is perfect and irresistible; and in the social walks he leads all equally captive to the fascination of his personal character. His ministerial work has been successful in the extrema Modestly bearing the fame which it has already brought to him, he is with every day's maturing powers giving larger talents and a bolder energy to the cause of Christ. 70 EEY. GAWN CAMPBELL, IL.A.TI: I»A.STOXt OF THE FORTY-FOXIKTH: STREET XJIflTED PRESBYTEK.IA.N CHXJKCH, N3EAV YORBl. I EV. GAWN CAMPBELL was born in Down county, Ireland, about the year 1824. By reason of the loss of certain records he is himself in doubt as to the exact date of his birth, but thinks it to have been in the year we have named. His early studies were at the common school of Barnamaghery, his native township. He then studied theology with the Eev. Archibald Lowry, who kept a classical- school at Crossgar, in the same county. After this he went to the Belfast College, and after three years of study took the general certificate, as it is called, which is the same as the diploma of the American col- leges. He next entered upon his regular theological course, which continued for two years, until 1843. In 1844 he was licensed as a Presbyterian minister by the Presbytery of Down county, and preached for some time in different parts of Ireland. He came to the United States in 1849, and landed at New York. He was first settled over the Associate Presbyterian Church at Greens- borough, Yermont, where he remained eleven years. In 1861 he was called to the congregation of United Presbyterians, over which he still presides. The United Presbyterian Church of North America is so called by reason of a union of the two bodies formerly known as the Asso- ciate and the Associate Eeforraed Presbyterian Churches, which was consummated at Pittsburgh, May 26th, 1858. There are in the city of New York eight churches of this sect. They differ from the other branches of the Presbyterian faith in regard to the communion, psalmody, and instrumental music in the worship of G-bd; On these points they hold to close communion, use only the book of Psalms contained in the Holy Sbriptures, and will not allow the use of mu- 71 EEV. GAWN CAMPBELL. sical instruments in their churches, as they were not found in the Jewish synagogue or the primitive churches of the New Testament The Forty-fourth Street congregatioa was originally a mission station of Associate Eeformed Presbyteiians, who commenced wor- ship at National Hall, in Forty-fourth street, between Eighth and Ninth avenues. The enterprise commenced in April, 1855, and after about ten months, early in 1867, was organized as an Associate Chm-ch, under the pastoral care of the Rev. James B. Whitten. By the union at Pittsburgh the congregation became known as the United Presbyterian Church. The congregation removed to Eagle Hall, in Forty-fourth street, and thence to Morton Hall, in Forty- third street In 1858 a new church edifice, which had been erected in Forty-fourth street, between Ninth and Tenth avenues, was oc- cupied. Mr. Whitten was succeeded by the present pastor. Mr. Campbell is the author of two small works, entitled re- spectively " A Catechism on some of the Principles and Practices of the United Presbyterian Church," and "A Catechism on the Sacraments of the United Presbyterian Church." He is about of the medium height, active, and erect He has a round head, regular features, and a countenance of considerable in- telligence and very decided amiability His manners are not only courteous, but extremely cordial and frank with all persons. He is a plain man, utterly devoid of pretension of any kind, and has all the popular qualities of character common to such persons. His religious feelings, and, in fact, all his opinions, are earnestly and sincerely expressed, and his conversation on all topics is fluent and interesting. Mr. Campbell's style of preaching is devout, and at the same time emphatic. He has a fine flow of language and a great deal of aptness of expression, and withal an earnestness of manner which shows his own deep convictions and ardent desire to make plain the truth which he is commissioned to proclaim. You see that he is intent upon this one thing, of unfolding religious truth and drawing sinners into the fold of his Master. He does not seek to advance the preacher into prominence by indulging in peculiarities of thought or manners which will attract attention to himself, but he speaks as any other man might speak instructed in the Scriptures and ordained to preach them. In fact, he hides within himself, he shrinks under the responsibility of his position, and stands with fear, and his sole reliance on divine power. This is spiritual preaching. It is always 72 . KEV. GAWN CAMPBELL. solemn ; it differs as much from the showy, sensational sort, as did the humble fishermen 6f Galilee from the preachers of the latter kind in this day, but is efficacious in the saving of souls. Mr. Campbell toils early and late in his particular vineyard. He is a hard, unwearying worker in all places and under all circum- stances. He is looking for neither fame nor emoluments, but he is following the Crucified, who has called him to his mission. An upright character, a pious life, and a self-sacrificing regard for the spiritual and temporal well-being of all his flock, give him a pass- port to the confidence and affection of the old and young. His ministerial exertions may not succeed in placing him among "the few immortal naines not born to die," but his career will fill the full measure of the requirements of the useful citizen, faithful pastor, and devoted friend. 73 REY. ABRAM B. CARTER, D. D., PA.STOR OF THE CHXJRCII OF THE HOI^Y SA.VIOTJR, PEPISCOPA-L,) 3VE-W YOKK:. EEV. DE. ABEAM B. CAETEE was bom at Trenton, New Jersey, May 8tli, 1820. His grandfather was the Eev. Dr. Abram Beach, at one time assistant minister of Trinity Church, New York, and his father, the Eev, Abiel Carter, also a well-known and talented Episcopal clergy- man of his day. His early studies were at the Institute at Flushing, Long Island, conducted by the Eev. William A. Muhlen- berg. He next entered Eutgers College, New Brunswick, where he took his degree in course, and then studied theology privately, under the direction of the Eev. Drs. Ogilby and Stubbs. He was made deacon in the Episcopal ministry in 1845, at Christ Church, New Brunswick, by Bishop Doane, and priest in 1846, at Trinity Church, Newark, by the same Bishop. He was first settled in 1846 as rector of St John's Churcli, Troy, New York, where he remained two years. After this he went to St. Ann's, Morrisania, where he officiated four years, and then went to Christ Church, Savannah, Georgia, where h]s father had been rector before him. Here the climate did not agree with him, and he was obliged to terminate his relations with the parish in less than a year. He next accepted a call to St John's Church, Yonkers, New York, where he remained sixteen years. Having received a very pressing call to the Church of the Holy Saviour, New York city, he accepted it, and entered upon his duties in December, 1868. He received his degree of D. D. fi-om Eutgers College in 1856. The parish of the Church of the Holy Saviour was founded by the late distinguished Eev. Dr. Francis L. Hawks, and was the last work of his remarkable and useful life. After leaving Baltimore, he took up his residence in New York, and his many friends urged him to establish a new parisL He was somewhat loth to do so, as his years were beginning to weigh upon him, and more particularly as REV. ABEAM B. CAKTEE, D. D. events connected with him, growing out of the war with the South, had saddened, disappointed, and almost unfitted him for ministerial duties. A man of most varied and commanding abilities, and ot great force and character, he was a Hercules in any work, but now he sought the retirement and associations of his study and private life, rather than further efforts in the public arena. He yielded to the wishes of his friends, however, and commenced religious services in one of the chapels of the University. His congregation grew, and at length it was determined to build a church. Mr. William Niblo, one of Dr. Hawks' most devoted friends, made a donation of some very valuable and eligible lots on Twenty- fifth street, between Madison and Fourth avenues, and here the cor- ner-stone of a church structure was laid in the early part of 1866. The ceremonies were conducted by Dr. Hawks, and were of a particularly impressive character. Not long after, he passed away from earth, not being permitted to see the fair structure rise to com- pletion. The church was opened in 1867. It is one of the most elaborate and beautifdl buildings of the kind in the country, and cost over one hundred thousand dollars. The front is of yellow stone, ornamented with sculpture and other carvings, and the interior is also very rich and tasteful. Dr. Carter is rather over the medium height, with a well-propor- tioned figure. His head shows intellectual development, and his face is lull of intelligent and amiable expression. His manners are not only courteous, but unusually warm and kindly with all persons. He always meets you with a cheerful smile and a friendly grasp of the hand. He is a man who carries sunshine wherever he goes. While he has all the proper dignity becoming ouq of his sacred pro- fession, and always maintains its properties to the utmost, still his nature is always buoyant with a charming animation, and his con- versation is not less sprightly than profitable. He is genial and lovable in his whole character. He is one of those who find a silver lining in every cloud, and who detect something good in almost every character. He looks on the bright side of life, and searches for the good rather than the evil in the human composition. Hence, no matter what may be his disappointments and his apprehensions, you find him cheerful with hope. In the family circle, in his public duties, in all the manifold offices of his ministerial life, he is the same man of sunny presence, of inspiring counsel, of noble, manly exampla Men go to him to laugh, and they also go in 75 KEV. ABBAM B. CARTER, D. D. sorrow, for he has in either case a nature which makes the hour beneficial in its teaching. He is a thoughtful man, and he is not a person given to levity. But he has this surprising and unusual calm, resolute, cheerful disposition, those soft, gentle, winning ways, and those pleasant, cheering, comforting tones and words, that alto- gether form a character such as is a blessing to himself and to all others. A teacher of serious things, and a monitor over the actions of his fellow-men, still this godly man understands his duties and obliga- tions too well to forget that it is gentle counsels and cheering words which are, after all, most powerful in their influence upon the human heart He makes principles, conscience, and faith as eternal and immovable as the foundation of the throne of Omnipotence itself, but he does not allow any of these to darken the heart with religioiis gloom. He shows in himself the Christian man, with a heart light- some and joyous, and shows a life bereft of only its sorrows through sin. The style of preaching adopted by Dr. Carter is a forcible and pleasing example of the purpose to make evident the efilciency and beauty of Grod's love. His whole scope of thought seeks this end, and his manner enforces it with a tenderness and aflfectionate interest which is irresistible. His voice is soft as it falls upon the ear, and his words reach the heart as gently and soothingly as the summer rain falls upon the thirsting flowers. It is a good, kind man speak- ing the undoubted promises of a loving Father in the skies. He is effective in the highest degree, but it is without any special effort. He is modest, and totally without display in either matter or manner of delivery, but his face beams with goodness, and his lips have the impress of truth. None go away dissatisfied from his preaching. The old and the young, the pious and th©. worldly, can each and all accept its teachings, for they embrace truths of religion morals, and everyday experience which cannot be disputed, and they are offered in a manner to win, and never to offend, 76 REY. SAMUEL T. CARTER, XjA-TE pastoh of the eighty-sixth street i* reh13yteri.*jv chixjkch:, neav yobit. JEV. SAMUEL T. CAETBR was born in the City of New York, July 22d, 1840. He is the son of Eobert Carter, the noted Xew York publisher of Presbyterian and and other religious publications, who has likewise another son in the ministry. He was graduated at the New York University in 1858, and at Princeton Theological Seminary in 1861. Afber graduation at the seminary he went to Europe, where he passed fifteen months in interesting travel. He was licensed by the Presbytery of New York, and ordained and in- stalled by the same Presbytery as pastor of the "Westminster Presby- terian church, Yonkers, New York, in 1862 where he remained five years. In October, 1867, he commenced his duties as pastor of Eighty-sixth street Presbyterian Church, New York. He is now the pastor of the First Presbyterian Church of Huntington, Long Is- land. Mr. Carter is above the average height, sparely made, erect, and activa His head is not large, and the features are small and deli- cately molded. His complexion is light, and his hair red. He has an exceedingly agreeable expression of face, and his manners are quiet and courteous. While he is not to be called diffident, he has a modesty which is not unbecoming in a young minister. His habits are sedate and student like. Still on the threshold of his profes- sional life, he has not as yet mingled much in the public duties to which the clergy are invited fi:om time to time. He has not em- broiled himself in any of the questions of the hour, eitber of Church or State, and he has allowed nothing to disturb the " noiseless tenor " of his way in pursuing his still advancing studies, and looking to the spiritual condition of the people in his charge. Under these 77 REV. SAMUEL T. CARTER. circumstances, you find him with a calmness of temper, a simplicity of manners, and an earnest devotion which are not usual in the clergyman who is heated and eager in the race of professional ambi- tion. He is free, unrestrained, and sincere in all his intercourse ; he is gentle, kindly, charitable, and full of Christian love in all his acts ; his nature has been clouded by no disappointment, and his hopes have received no shocks from the world's trials. In young man- hood, inexperienced as the world goes, still he has the culture of a well-trained student, and the strength of moral and religious princi- ples of the pure and brave young heart. His sermons are composed with care. And here, too, the same caution and circumspection in thought, expression, and style are shown that mark his conduct in other respects. He expounds the doctrines of his church with intelligence, but he parades no conceited opinions of his own ; he discusses the questions of morals, but he makes no assaults upon the people, as if he had obtained perfection himself. A poor sinner, but one instructed to teach the Scriptures, is the character which he bears in the public services. He launches no thunderbolts, he assumes no air and tone of authority, but he comes in all meekness and tenderness with the comforting words of his Master. His voice is soft and plaintive, but has suf&cient vol- ume to give him full control over the largest audience. The highest qualities of greatness are found in this young man. The modesty of his character, the propriety of his conduct, the ster- ling excellence of his principles, are a basis on which he can build a structure of manhood which in time to come may be a bulwark for morality and religion, for society and the church. Assumption, ar- rogance, and self-suf&ciency may do for the hour, but those who are looking for an enduring reputation in the ministry, or any other pro- fession, must establish it by other and nobler elements of character. Mr. Carter is one of the few who are seeking it by the right path, and of these he seems the least likely to fail 78 REY. JOHN WHITE CHADWICK. PA.eTOR OF THE ©ECOND TJPfITA.KIA.W CHXJRCH, BROOIC L YN. BY. JOHN WHITE CHAD WICK was born at Marble- head, Massachusetts, October 19th, 3840. He pursued an academic course at the Bridgewater State Normal School, one of the four schools of the kind in Massachu- setts, at the Phillips Academy, Exeter, and at a later period in private. He entered Harvard Divinity School in 1861, and was graduated with his class in 1864. After graduation he was called to the Unitarian Society at Haverhill, Massachusetts, but did not accept, having already agreed to supply the pulpit of the Second Society, Brooklyn, for the term of three months. He commenced his duties in Brooklyn September 11th, 1864, and soon after re- ceived a call as the regular pastor, which he accepted, and was or- dained December 21st, 1864. The Second Unitarian Society was organized in South Brooklyn about 1853. Eev. Mr. Longfellow, brother of the poet Longfellow, was called as the first pastor in the following year, who resigned after laboring ten years, by reason of ill-health. He was followed by Eev. Mr. Staples, who remained until his death, in February, 1864, being succeeded by Mr. Chadwick. In 1857 a tasteful chapel was erected, on leased ground, on the corner of Clinton and Congress streets, at a cost of twenty-nine thousand dollars. The building is in the form of a cross, with a low roof, tower, and three entrances, hav- ing interior screens of wood work and stained glass. The pulpit is a semi-circular recess, having a background of red upholstery. On one side of the pulpit, and entered from it, is a small room used by the minister ; and on the other side, and also entered from it, is the organ and choir gallery, hung with red curtains, and richly painted and ornamented. There are places for four singers, whose heads, when standing, appear at four square openings, producing the effect 79 KEY. JOHN WHITE CHADWICK. of as many framed picturea The exterior and interior, in style, painting, and ornamentation, are strikingly unique. The branch of faith held by the society is of the rationalistic, philosophical school. Mr. Longfellow introduced into his church a very beautiful vesper service, which, in a somewhat different form, is now used in several of the churches of the. denomination. Mr. Chadwick is under the average height, and of a slight figure. His face is pale and youthful. His usual expression is one of seri- ousness ; the eyes are almost mournful, and his smiles are like quick flashes of light fading away into deeper gloom. His nature approaches to womanly gentleness, and in all respects is pervaded with the most delicate and thorough spiritual sensibility. At an age when dignity is commonly the merest affectation, and eccentricity unthought of, still there is much of the former in his self-evident strength of character, and something of the latter in his half-dreamy thoughtfulness and modes of action and speech. It is certain that he is very little influenced by surrounding circumstances, following the bent of strong natural impulses with a child-like impetuosity and simplicity. He seems like one whose pure, innocent nature had re- ceived no shocks from the world's rudeness, and was still in child- hood's innocency. There is also great selfreliance. Not that he really feels an over-confidence in himself, for, put to the point, he would declare that he had not the least. But he has a wide-awake irresistible conscience, and it is this which will never suffer him to depart from the rule which brings everything to its judgment and test. He is a genial person, and always enters largely into the spirit of the social hour. In conversation he never speaks without reflection, and generally has frequent pauses for the better digesting of his thoughts. He is not without peculiarities in the pulpit. Here he shows a serious dignity, which is striking. In prayer he crosses his hands over the Bible, and, inclining his head upon his breast, speaks in low, broken, and pathetic utterances. He preaches with the same deliberation that he talks. Every sentiment has been held before the mirror of conscience and sanctioned by it, and he utters it with his heart's utmost sincerity. His voice has a flat, peculiar tone but it is very tender and emotionaL 80 REV. TALBOT W. CHAMBERS, D. D., ONE OF THi: DPA.STOKS OF THE COIL.X.EGIA.TI: TtEF'ORIklED CHTjnCH, NEW YORXC. |EV. DRj TALBOT W. CHAMBERS was born at Gar- lisle, Pennsylvania, February, 1819. He was graduated at Rutgers College, New Brunswick, and studied theology at the Seminary of the Dutch Church in New Jersey, and at Princeton. Having been licensed to preach in Mississippi, in 1838, he settled at Somerville, New Jersey, in the following year. In 1849 he was called to New York, to become one of the associate pastors of the Reformed Protestant Dutch Collegiate Church, in which position he still continues. The ministers of the Collegiate Church are the Rev. Dr. De Witt, settled in 1827 (not now in active service) ; Rev. Dr. Thomas E. Vemilye, settled in 1839 ; Rev. Dr. Tal- bot W. Chambers, settled in 1849 ; Rev. Dr. James M. Ludlow, settled in 1868, and Rev. Dr. Ormiston, settled in 1870. The old plan of the regular alternating of these ministers, in the Sunday services of the different churches, has been somewhat modified. The rule is followed with most of them in the morning service, but each active minister preaches in his own pulpit at least once each Sun- day. Dr. Chambers received the degree of D. D. from Columbia Col- lege in 1853. He edited the " Memoirs of Rev. John Henry Livings- ton, D. D.," and is the author of the history of the "Noon Prayer Meeting of the North Dutch Church," and the '' Life of Theodore Frelinghuysen. " Dr. Chambers is about of the average height, and of sliin pro- portion. His head is sma,ll, and his face pale and of a thoughtful, serious expression. He has a round, full brow, showing a large degree of intellectual development. He is polite, but in no manner familiar in his bearing, and at all times evinces much sedateness. He is a person of unwearying studiousness, and of great conscien- tiousness and exactness of lifa His conversation is methodical, and, like his actions, devoid of all impulsivenesa 81 EEV. TALBOT W. OHAMBEES, D. D. Dr. Chambers seems to have the complete confidence of the con- gregations of the different Collegiate organization. Their faces grow- bright with satisfaction as they follow his sound, doctrinal, argument- ative sermons. They are disturbed by no flashy rhetoric, no poetic rhapsodies, and no new-fangled philosophy. There are no attempts to introduce the rant of the rostrum, the style of the stage, or the clap-trap of the juggler. It is not an oration with everything sacri- ficed to eloquence, nor is it a lecture filled with strange fancy and large cullings from the profane poets. But it is a sermon in the strictest sense. The text is not some sensational word or line, some abrupt interrogatory or declaration, after the manner of a Beech er or a Ouyler. On the contrary, it is one or a half-dozen verses, or per- haps a chapter, which is intended to receive the serious consideration of the critical deacons and the logically inclined congregation on its own merits, rather than from any peculiar novelty or adroitness in its selection or arrangement. Then the plainest and most devout terms known to the English language are used, and the inspiration of the preacher is entirely drawn from the fountains of logic and of faith. He becomes very much absorbed in his theme, and at times gesticulates with a degree of vehemence ; -but as for any glowing pictures of the imagination, or any thunders of eloquence, there are none. Dr. Chambers does not believe that such gloss and glitter, such delicate soothings to the mind, and such extraordinary efforts to move the blood, have anything to do with the preaching of the Gospel. The power is in the truth, the persuasion is in the necessi- ties of a lost race, and the success is the favor of God. We have examined several of Dr. Chambers' published sermons in our posses- sion, and do not find a single passage wherein he departs from plain argument. There is the highest evidence of sincerity, piety, and ability, but nothing in the way of display. He ranks with the most popular and ablest of the ministers of the Eeformed Church and is recognized as a man of considerable literary ability. Seeking only those triumphs which come from the regeneration of souls, and those honors which are the rightful portion of such as are pure of life and cultivated of mind. Dr. Chambers nevet- deviates from the strict line of his professional duties. His time and talents are all given to those works which best serve the church and illu- minate the narrow road to God. 82 J/. REV. EDWIN H. CHAPm, D. D., PAJSTOK, OF THE JTOTJRTH rrNtVEKSA.Il4r8T SO- CIETY, NE^W^ YORK. lEEV. DR EDWIN H. CHAPIN was born at Union Village, Washington County, Few York, December 29tli, 1814. He received bis academic education at a seminary in Bennington, Yermont, and his early tastes are said to have inclined to the law. For a time he was associate editor of the Magazine and Advocate^ one of the early Universalist news- papers in Utica. In 1837, at the age of twenty-three, he commenced his ministry as the pastor of the Independent Christian Church of Richmond, Yirginia. He removed to Charlestown, Massachusetts in 1840, to become the pastor of the Universalist Ohurch, where he remained six years. His reputation was already extensive, both as a preacher and stirring orator in many of the reforms of the day. In 1846 Dr. Chapin went to the School Street Universalist Church, Boston, as associate pastor with Hosea Ballon, and in 1848 was called to his present pastorship over the Fourth Universalist Society of New York city. This Society at the time had a church in Murray street, comer of Church. Under Dr. Ohapin's preaching the congregation in- creased in numbers and influence, and very soon the building could not accommodate the crowds which attended every service. Ar- rangements were made to take the church on Broadway, about to be vacated by Dr. Bellow's Unitarian congregation, who had built an exceeding fine structure on Fourth avenue. Up to a recent period Dr. Chapin occupied this spacious church, drawing the largest as- semblages in the city. The congregation became the representative of large wealth, and their church organization was con.lucted on the most liberal scale of expenditure in regard to the salary of the pas- tor, music, etc. At length the congregation determined to remove up-town, and the church was sold, and stores have been erected on the site. Lots were purchased in, the upper portion of Fifth 83 REV. EDWIN H. CHAPIN, D. D. Avenue, and one of tlie most magnificent structures in N'ew York lias been erected. The congregation is composed of raanj of the young and active men of the city, and persons of the most conflict- ing religious views. Although in communion with the Universalist denomination, Dr. Chapin's sympathies have far outrun the technical boundaries of a sect His religious views were originally affected powerfully by Dr. Channing's published writings, and by the leaders of the Univer- salist faith; and he is warmly interested in all the literature and tendencies issuing from the most free and thoughtful circles of Pro- testant Christendom, and that are beginning to receive the title of " The Broad Church Movement" Dr. Chapin received the degrees of A. M. and D. D. from Har- vard University. His published works consist of several volumes of sermons, religious lectures, and occasional discourses. " The Crown of Thorns " has had a wide circulation. He has delivered lec- tures before all the principal lyceums of the country, and has a popularity equal to that of any of the orthodox clergymen. In 1850 Dr. Chapin attended the Peace congress held at Frank- fort-on-the-Main, and a speech delivered by him was the most elo- quent heard during the session. He has been repeatedly abroad for his health and travel. Dr. Chapin is about of the average height, and of a round, heavy, corpulent person. He has a good-sized, round head, which has not much neck to connect it with his shoulders. His brow is prominent, and his countenance beams with intelligence and good nature. He would scarcely be taken for the refined, florid orator that he is; but it is easy to see that he is a man of marked intellectual powers, and, above all, distinguished for the practice of the noblest quali- ties of the heart In his dress he in no manner conforms to any of the clerical conventionalities. On Sabbath evening, enter the fine church edifice of the Fourth Universalist Society. Every part of the building is crowded, in- cluding the aisles, stairways, and pulpit steps. The people are a well-attired and evidently intelligent class. Just at this time a hymn is being read, and all over the church men, women, and children have their books, intently following the reader. If you love sacred poetry, if you delight in correct reading, listen. A voice clear, sweet, and impassioned floats to the ear. Every word is distinctlv and melodiously pronounced, the sentiment of the holy song strongly REV. EDWIN H. CHAPIN, I>. D. stirs the susceptibilities, and with its last word the mind is left dreaming of realities which eloquence has made vivid. The poet, the orator, and the .spirit of divine power stand personified in the reader. It is an utterance of words which flow like the pleasant rippling of the summer rivulets— it is an appeal like that of tears — it is an earnestness of feelihg,inspire(i of God. The arches of no temple ever resounded with a voice more impressively eloquent. Many clergy- men read psalms and hymns much as children do lessons. They disre- gard punctuation, expand sentences into verses, and overlap verse upon verse until meaning, rhyme, and effect are altogether lost. Few pretend to listen to these murderings of sense and harmony, and great masses fail to realize the inspiration to be drawn from the thoughts of the sacred poets. But it is not so in Dr. Chapin's church. Children stretch their necks to catch every one of the beautifully musical words ; and even the aged see wrought out on the page religious imagery from words dim to their sight, but sent blazing to their souls. Perhaps the syllables are sweeter when mingled with vocal and instrumental strains, but they can have no increased power as holy utterances. Dr. Chapin is as greatly gifted in prayer. The opening words are in silvery whispers, which swell into a louder tone, and at the close die away into whispers again. He prays from the heart. It is a fountain gushing with the waters of affection, charity, and faith, and many a believer here can see these waters sparkling in the sun- light of Grod's own countenance. The sick, the sorrowing, and the poor are especially remembered. In touching accents of pleading, and with the zeal of an exhaustless love, he presents their claims for divine aid. Now he folds his hands, looks upward, and pauses for an instant. A great thought seems to be melting within his bosom, which even he can scarcely clothe in words. In language of lofty power he now speaks of the coming triumph of the cross. Before, all was pleading and pathos, but now the tone is one of joy and ex- ultation- The change is from the murmuring of sad music to the ringing of merry chimes. His face glows with light, he uses words of deeper significance, and his wonderful fluency as an extemporaneous speaker begins to appear. The little stream has expanded into a torrent, and sweeps with it flowers which mingle their perfume with its flood. Iniquity rolls up like a scroll from his sight, and his de- lighted eyes gaze upon the scenes of a millennium, while his tongue paints them in the coloring of religious transport and an ardent 85 EEV. EDWIN H. CHAPIN, D. D. fancy. Then, solemnly invoking a blessing upon the remaining ser- vices, the orator in prayer concludes. Dr. Chapin is liberally endowed with the capacity for vigorous and connected extemporaneous address. In the morning service he preaches with very little preparation. It is his custom, however, to produce one completely written discourse every week, which is spoken from manuscript in the evening. These prepared sermons are logically arranged, argumentative to some extent, full of vigorous expressions and original thought, but, above all, abound in beautiful imagery and impassioned eloquence. Indeed, in this latter respect, parts of them are gems of the mind. He is not only particularly happy in the selection of his terms of expression, but his illustra- tions are made in language of extraoi-dinary originality and beauty. There is nothing which he will not twine in poetic thought, and in his sublime flights he revels as much with the flowers as he does with thunderbolts. His sarcasm is withering, and frequently even more sharply pointed by the adding of an original humor. His denun- ciation is scornful and overwhelming. But the pervading elements of his sermons are a great humanity, love for his fellow-creatures, and devotion to the duty to which he has been called. Thrilling to hear, they are as beautiful to read. Like vines bending with fruit or flowers ; still these vines, after all, cling about sturdy oaks. Dr. Ghapin's voice- is one of much compass, and is as easily and correctly modulated as tunes are played by the keys of instruments ; it is smooth, without even the slightest harshness, and its sweetness and fervor are beyond comparison. His gestures are few, but of the most effective kind. He is always thoroughly absorbed in his theme, and not only in his words, but manner, is impressively earnest, and in some passages decidedly excited. The concluding portion of his sermons are usually the most powerful and eloquent. He seems to have a few pages committed to memory, and he is relieved from- the dose attention to his notes which is a characteristic with him. Now he rolls out the burning words and brilliant thoughts — now he gesticu- lates with startling vehemence ; and now his impassioned utterances quicken the blood, or perchance move to tears. The listener is spell-bound from the beginning to the end. There is no time of weariness, but when the, termination comes a freer breath is drawn, and there is almost a sensation of pain from the fixedness of mind and the overwrought feelinga You have been under the fescination of eloquence of the most moving description. 86 EEV. EDWIK" H. CHAPIN, D. D. All that the voice, tongue, and mind can do with language has been done. The power which sways senates, kindles revolutions, and starts the sword from its scabbard — the power of human eloquence — has woven one of its potent spells, which is to last even into the life of to-morrow. By and by you see a person moving with, the crowd' toward the door. He is all smiles, and as he goes along shakes hands right and left. He chats pleasantly and constantly, and before he gets far ia surrounded by a talking deputation, embracing both sexes and all ages. It is Dr. Ohapin. Seemingly unconscious of his great gifts and fame — a plain unassuming man — he is now as unreservedly the companion of a child as of the most eminent who greet him. And if in the gathering there should be persons of humble estate, they will be selected for his especial notice. Presently he reaches the street, and, with a kindly good-night to some worthy who per- sistently has held to his sleeve, he goes_away from the scene of his matchless oratory and the altar of his successful ministrations. Dr. Chapin's character, life, and religion may all be expressed in one word — love. It is the rock upon which he builds for the present and the time to come. Turning with horror from the narrow bounds of bigotry— cultured to liberal and progressive ideas — of a nature kind-hearted and just — ^professing a religious faith which makes no limit to the salvation of man — he has made his whole career and his ministry an illustration of liberal sentiments, generous deeds, and Christian love. 87 KEY. JOHN A. M. CHAPMAJf, PjVSTOR. of ST. JOHN'S MiETHODIST CHUKCli, BKOOILLYIV, E. I>. EV. JOHN A. M. CHAPMAN was bora at Greenland, N. H., August 21st, 1829. His father was a farmer. At fifteen he became a member of the Methodist church. He prepared for college at Hampton, N. H., and en- tered the institution at "Waterville, Me., but his health finally failed, and he was obliged to leave. He took a two years theological course at Concord, N. H. He commenced preaching in 1853, as a supply, at Concord. In .the spring of 1854 he joined the Providence Conference, in which he remained until the summer of 1861, when he was transferred to the New England Conference. During eight years and a half he was the pastor of different prominent churches in the City of Boston. He went first to the Hanover street, and subsequently to Tremont street and Grace church. He was appointed to hi& present church, attached to the New York East Conference, in the spring of 1871. St John's Methodist Church grew out of the South Fifth street Congregation, and was organized in 1868. A naagniflcent church edifice was erected on Bedford avenue, at a total cost of two hundred and fifty thousand dollars. This is probably the finest church in the denomination. There are about five hundred families and five hundred members. The of&cers, teachers, and pupils of the Sunday School number eleven hundred. A Mission Sunday School is con- ducted in Taylor street, where there are also held religious meet- ings. There is certainly a great change taking place in the Methodist church. In the cities, especially, it is losing much of its primitive character. The abandonment of the old time plain structures, the free pew system, of class-meetings, and the excitable mode of pub- lic worship, with the introduction of an educated clergy, mark its assimilation in a greater degree than ever before to the other 88 EEV. JOHN A. M. CHAPMAN. Protestant denominations. Its free and popular faith will remain through all human time, but it cannot be denied that the Methodist body of to-day is an organization essentially modified ia many of its former peculiar features. The good fathers of the church would stand astounded, though probably not without pride, in beholding the splendid edifice which their modern brethren have built for themselves on Bedford avenue. They would likewise marvel at the learning and dignity which adorn its pulpit at all times. But these innovations are only signs of higher refinement and prosperity, and not, by any means, of an altered or corrupted faith. In this age, change in almost everything seems certain and rapid, and it is evi- dent that the Methodist church, in the particulars named, is a strik- ing example of the.fact Mr. Chapman is of the medium height, slender, and erect. His head and face show him to be an intellectual man. His manners are easy and coui-teoua with all persons. In his disposition he is rather retiring and modest, seeking to make neither noise nor display. But hidden beneath all this is the strong stern man when duty is to be done, and when principles are to be maintained ; then his will be- comes inflexible and his courage dauntless. Consequently, his life has exhibited the most lovely of the Christian graces, and at the same time the power of moral and religious principles. He preaches a most effective sermon. In the first place, he is a scholarly man, looking learnedly and deeply into all his subjects; and in the second, he is a devout one, feeling his responsibility as a preacher of the Word, and tenderly concerned for the salvation of sinners. He preaches from head and heait, and he appeals to the in- fluence of both in his hearers. His sermons are thoroughly studied, but he speaks in the pulpit entirely without notes. His language has the freshness of original thought and the glow of a fervent elo- quence. Able to hold his place among the most gifted preachers of his day, he never swerves from either faith or propriety, or forgets that his chief duty, as well as honor, are to be found in following in the meek footsteps of the Master. 89 KEV. GEORGE B. CHEEYER, D. D., 3VE-W YOTtK. EY. DE. GEOEGE B. CHEEVEE was born at Hallo- well, Maine, in 1807. He was graduated at Bowdoin College in 1825, and at Andover Theological Seminary in 1830, and was ordained pastor of the Howard Street Congregational Church at Salem, Mass., in 1832. His contributions in prose and yerse, on theological and literary topics, were published in the North American Beview and Bible Repository, and he engaged in the Unitarian controversy. In 1855 he published, in a Salem newspaper, a dream, entitled " Deacon Giles' Distillery." This publication involved him in much trouble, as Deacon Giles was a veritable person. A riotous attack was made upon him in the street, and he was tried and convicted of libel, and suffered an imprisonment of thirty days in jail. During the follow- ing summer he resigned his pastoral charge, and, going abroad, passed over two years in Europe and the Levant. His travels were described in letters to the New York Observer. He returned in 1839, and be- came pastor of the Allen Street Presbyterian Church, New York. He attracted crowded houses to a course of lectures on the " Pilgrim's Progress " and on the " Hierarchical Despotism," the latter being a reply to a discourse by Bishop Hughes. In 1843 he engaged in a public debate with J. L. Y. O'Sullivan, Esq., maintaining the argu- ment in favor of capital punishment He went to Europe, in 1841, as corresponding editor of the New York Evangelist, and, after his return in 1845, was the principal editor. In the following year he became pastor of the Church of the Puritans, a new Congregational church, located on Union Square, New York. Says a notice : " He is distmguished as an energetic preacher, and for the Puritanic appli- cation of biblical principles to human conduct and institutions. Among the topics which he has treated in the pulpit are — ^intem- perance ; Sabbath breaking by railroad companies and government 90 REV. GEOEGE B. OHEEVER, D. D. orders ; the attempted ejection of the Bible from the pubhc schools ; the Mexican war ; the fugitive slave law ; the Dred Scott decision ; and the system of American slavery. Since the establishment of the New York Independent, in 1848, Dr. Cheever has been a weekly con- tributor to it of religious, literary, critical, and political articles. His later contributions to the Bihliotheca Sacra are of a more scholarly and elaborate character." Among his books are works of prose and poetry, and his issues have been continuous since 1828. Of these may be named, " Studies in Poetry ; " an edition of the " Select Works of Archbishop Leighton;" "Lectures on the Pilgrim's Progress;" " Wanderings of a Pilgrim ; " "Journey of the Pilgrims at Plymouth, New England, 1620," reprinted from the original volume ; " Wind- ing of the River of the Water of Life ; " " Lectures on the Life, Genius, and Sanctity of Cowper ; " "God Against Slavery," &c., &c. For many years Dr. Cheever and his congregation took a very prominent part in the anti-slavery agitation, then going on ; subse- quently the church edifice, which was erected on leased ground, was sold. The congregation became reduced in members, and have ceased to attract attention. Dr. Cheever is a person of noticeable appearance. He is of good height, straight and active, and his countenance shows him to be a thinker of no ordinary degree. He has a liberal quantity of black and gray hair on his head, and also wears whiskers, which set his face in a complete frill. He looks pale, as if from close study. Dr. Cheever is a very poor reader. Sometimes his voice dies away as if he was reading to himself, and then it rises, and is quickened as if to make up for lost time. But the delivery of his sermons is quite another thing. He does not appear like the same speaker. Now his voice is invariably full and rich toned, and, instead of a carelessness as to the force of woi'ds, every one is made effective. He gesticulates very much with his right hand, which is almost all the time in motion. He is altogether very limber, and an attitude often adopted is to lean over the book-board, with his ha,nds hanging down, at which time he whispers some ironical and bitter things with a confidential air. The American pulpit has no person in it of more power of mind and force of character than Dr. Cheever. He is an original, philo: sophical thinker, and has always shown great moral courage in doing what ho deemed to be his duty as a minister and man. 91' KEY. FREDERICK G. CLiRK, D. D., BYTERIJLN CHURCH, UROOICLYIf. ' EV. DE. FEEDBEICK G-. CLAEK was bom at Water- bury, Conn., December 13th, 1819. He is the son of the late distinguished Eev. Daniel A. Clark, a well-known clergyman of New England, and a brother of Hon. Hor- ace F. Clark, a noted member ot the New York bar. He en- S3 tered Williams College, but was obliged to leave on account of the failure of his health. He spent two years in the studjr of law, after which he passed a year in Europe. He subsequently entered the New York University, where he was graduated in 18i2. He now entered the Union Theological Seminary of New York, from which institution he graduated in 1845. He went immediately to Greemvich, Conn., where he was ordained. He preached here for a year and a half, when he accepted a call to the Presbyterian Church at Astoria, Long Island. After laboring in this place for six years, he was called to the West Twenty-third Street Presbyterian Church, in the city of New York. Under his labors an imposing house of worship was erected, and a vigorous church gathered. Dr. Clark occupied this pulpit for fifteen years, when he felt the need of change, and he accepted a call in May, 1867, to the Second Congregational Church in Greenwich, Conn., the church in which he originally began his ministry. In 1871, Dr. Clark returned to New York, and was soon engaged in his professional work at Brooklyn. In Sep- tember, 1872, he was installed Pastor of the Tompkins- Avenue Presbyterian Church, where a substantial congregation soon gathered under his ministry. Dr. Clark received his degree of D. D. from the New York Uni- versity in 1864. He is the author of a memoir entitled " The Life Work of Mary M. Maynard," and many published sermons. 92 EEV. FREDERICK G. CLARK, D. D. We take the following interesting passages from a lecture to yoxing men, entitled " Self Culture " : "The idea of self is either full of danger or fall of duty, according to our con- ception of it. " The abxised or perverted self is but an egotism of idolatry and selfiBlmess. It is the ripe fruit of human depravity, the motive to every injustice, the symbol of all unfairness and oppression. This self is its own god ; on its unhallowed altar the whole world is not too much to burn. What outrage, what cruelty, what Heaven-provoking crime has not been committed under the low inspiration of serv- ing self ! " On the other hand, the true idea of self, with which alone we wish to deal, is quite another thing. This is a living name for the entire estate which God has given us— God's acres in man's soul— bestowed upon each other with this one con- dition and charge : 'Occupy till I come.' It is something to come in possession of a farm, of which the improvement must depend upon our industry. Around the homestead are spread out acres upon acres in extent, meadow and pasture, marsh, river and wood. It is surely no sinecure to mate the most of all these. But it is vastly more to be put in charge of one's own soul, to dress it and to keep it ! The trusteeship of intelligence, and sensibility, and volition of all the risks and all the hopes of an immortal mind — this is incomparably the heaviest of all commissions. "But such is the self whose care and culture is now our study. It is that mys- terious world of thought and feeling which is at once pent up and boundless. Its sphere is within the chambers of the brain ; its outgoings, its visions, accept no boundaries. I speak of a gift which is no prerogative of kings or of scholars ; it knows no distinction by caste ; it is indifferent to wealth or poverty. It is the com- mon heritage of man. Like the unfenced prairie, it touches the air and drinks the dew of heavenly contact, with nothing to come between. "I mean this conscious portraiture of Deity which I carry in my bosom: alas! how marred and strangely blurred, as by the stroke of some rude band, yet still the image of God. Within the limits of this self what powers I discover of desire, of responsibility, of love, of hate, of acquisition, and of godlike beneficence. What uprisings of impulse are here. What ambitions strike their roots within this bosom ! And how deeply conscious is this soul of its Creator's care and respect ! How lavish has He been in means of enriching and cultivating it! " This self is a gift which we all receive — a domain which we are bound to occupy. To fail of this is to incur the doom of the miserable man in the parable, who hid his talent in the earth : 'Cast ye the unprofitable servant into outer dark- "Xt is after this interior wealth of character that St. Paul is reaching, when he charges his son Timothy to 'stir up the gift of God which is in him.' He is feel- ing for the sinews of strength in the soul of his young disciple. He reminds him of his pious ancestry. He seeks to make him conscious of spiritual endowments which he receives by the grace of God in connection with his ordination. These gifts and endowments he is to stir up. The figure is that of fire whose dull embers are to be stirred together and blown into «. flame. It is as if he had said, ' God has done much for you, son Timothy; search for that interior wealth of grace and mental gifts which He has hidden in your bosom; cultivate these; force them up to their highest development, and so make the most of yourself, for your race, and for your divine Master.' „ BEV. PEEDERICK G. CLARK, D. D. " There is a splendid gift of God in every rational soul, however humble it mriy be. This gift includes all our endowments, whether spiritual or intellectual — what- ever we find ourselves possessed of, which may be used for man's good or God's glory. This gift, this power of usefulness, this possibility of development, how- ever latent at present, is one talent which we must improve, and at last return with usury. " Dr. Clark is about tlie average height, and well proportioned. He looks younger than his years, and gives, in every respect, full evi- dence of being a man of clear-sightedness and great vigor of pur- pose. His head is not large, but it has prominent, intellectual char- acteristics, and his face is particularly beaming with intelligence and amiability. His manners are courteous, and his blandness at once removes all restraints, even with the utmost stranger. He talks quietly, generally with a great deal of cheerfulness of tone, and in a manner which always serves to interest. Yoa find that while he is a person greatly absorbed in his religious duties, he is likewise a critical observer in the world, and has the most sound and practical opinions on all current subjects. Close attachments are formed with him, for he is a man of a noble, pious, consistent life, and one whose conversation and deportment are not less fascinating than useful. Dr. Clark is equally acceptable as a preacher. There is nothing sensational in his style ; but, on the contrary, he leans to the most rigid models of pulpit propriety to be found in the earlier and stricter periods of the Church. With him everything is done " decently and in order," with a profound appreciation of the time, place, and his duties, and with a purpose single to the expounding of the Gospel. His sermons are written with clearness and pointed- ness, and with much scholarly finish ; but there is not a word which is given for a display of rhetoric or of oratory. He speaks well, with ease, and graceful and timely gestures ; but this, too, is done with solemnity, mingled with an ever apparent personal modesty. His mode of discussing a subject always shows matured and original thought. Dr. Clark is certainly one of the most substantial men in the Presbyterian pulpit. His gifted and devout mind, and clear com- mon sense, give him great power as a preacher ; and his extended career has added- to these an experience which is fruitful of good to all with whom he comes in contact 94 REV. MTHANIEL W. COMLLNG, CHUKCH. I EY. NATHANIEL W. CONKLING was born in Coshoc ton county, Ohio, December 21st, 1835. He is tlie son of the Eev. Nathaniel Conkling, an Old School Presby- terian clergyman, well known in New Jersey and Ohio, and his early studies were in those States. He was graduated at the College of New Jersey, at Princeton, and in theology at the Western Theological Seminary, at Alleghany, Penn. In the autumn of 1861, he was ordained and installed as the pastor of the Scotch Presbyterian Church, Philadelphia, were he remained a year and a half, and then went to the Arch Street Presbyterian Church, in the same city, where he officiated for five years. He next ac- cepted a call to Eutgers Pi-esbyterian Church, corner of Madison avenue and Twenty-ninth streeet, New York, where he was installed on the first Sunday in February, 1868. • The present Eutgers Church is a union of the former Eutgers street Church and the Madison avenue Presbyterian Church. The Eutgers street Church was founded in 1798, being the third Presby- terian congregation of New York, and with the Wall street, (Dr. Phillips,) and the Brick church, (Dr. Spring.) formed the three colle- giate Presbyterian churches of the city. These churches became in- dependent in 1809. The pastors of the Eutgers street Church were the Eev. Dr. Milledoler, Eev. Dr. McClellan, Eev. Dr. Thomas Mc- Oauley, and Eev. Dr. Krebs. The ground on which the first edifice of the Eutgers congregation was erected was a gift to them by the late Henry Eutgers. In 1841 a new church edifice was erected at a cost of forty thousand dollars, which in its day was regarded as one of the finest ' buildings in New York. The church, with its organ and fixtures, and the parsonage, were sold to the Methodists for an amount much less than theii' value, who sold them to the Catholics for the sum of forty-six thousand dollars. It is now known as the 95 REV. NATHANIEL W. CONKLING. church of Sr. Theresa, and is attended by a very numeroas congreg tion. Dr. Krebs received a call to the Madison avenue congregatio ■which he declined. An engagement was made, however, by whi< the Eutgers street congregation united with the Madison avenue the occupancy of the church of the latter. This is the baildit which was erected by Mr. James Lenox, and is. held by the truste for the free use of a congregation of the Presbyterian faith. Bo congregations preserved their own organization, and Dr. Krebs he the united pastorship. He was in ill-health for several years, and length died from softening of the brain. Since that time the tv congregE^tions have adopted the title of the Eutgers Pj'esbyterii Church, and Mr. Conkling was called to the pastorship. Under tl charge of Mr. Conkling the church is again growing in numbers, ai promises to have in the future some of the importance and influen which belonged to the Eutgers street congregation in former daj In 1873 the church building was enlarged and improved. Mr. Conkling is of the medium height and well-built. His hei is in excellent proportion to his body, and the features are regulf with not much that is specially striking about them. In fact, \ head and face are those ordinarily seen in most intelligent me and there is nothing in them to denote that he has any special qua fications beyond this. The brow is not high, but it is quite bro'v the eyes are small and deep-set ; the nose and mouth are w< molded, and the expression of the whole is that of an amiable, go( man. His manners are courteous and agreeable. He is easy ai graceful in all his movements, and has a ready and cheerful flow conversation. Withal there is a great deal of genuine modesty abo his deportment, which, while it is not like dif&dence, shows that has great regard for clerical dignity and propriety. He is a lover study, and has deep religious convictions. His mental perceptio are very clear and comprehensive, and his investigations are alwa of the most thorough character. Hence his mind is richly store and is particularly profound on the topics which most relate to 1 religious doctrines. He is not one to make any undue display learning, and, in truth, he is rather inclined to be secretive of from very fear of being thought pedantic. When it is called fc however, in the discharge of his clerical functions, he is found to one of the safest reasoners in his church. At the same time 1: views have a newness and originality which is quite captivatiii 96 EEV. NATHANIEL "W. CONKLING. Sucli a teacher and preacher as this must make his mark wherever he goes. And it has been a circumstance often commented upon, that the congregations over which Mr. Conkling has presided were made, bj his style of preaching and exposition of the Scriptures, a thinking and clear-headed body of believers. They were not found groping in the dark in regard to their doctrines, nor were they to be changed by any new notions of the hour. Looking to him for intellectual light they were sure to receive it; and following his teachings, they were not only faithful to religious principles, but "understood them in their origin and application. Mr. Conkling has very agreeable manners in the pulpit. He is composed and self-possessed, bat without the slightest sign of any- thing that is consequential. He is gifted and earnest in prayer, reads the psalms and hymns with distinctness and fervor, and preaches his sermon with dignity and grace of deportment, and in a fluent argu- mentative style of address. There is nothing in either manners or matter to cause special remark as being singular and personal to himself, but there is everything to interest and inform the serious- minded hearer. He treats religious subjects from a purely spiritual standpoint, and he makes the services of the house of God serious and solemnly impressive. There is no parade of his own views, no assumption of personal authority in announcing the religious and the moral law, and no effort to so impress the auditor that the after re- membrance will be more of the actions and utterances of the preacher rather than simply the memory of a profitable season of public wor- ship. On the contrary he shrinks away, and seems humble and as nothing in the presence of his responsibilities as a teacher of the Scriptures and a religious guide for men. His confidence comes from the truths which he utters, and liis fluency is the ardor of faith. His voice has pleasant modulations, and in passages of an emotional character becomes very tender and touching. His gestures are all well timed and expressive. From these characteristics it is to be seen that Mr; Conkling is one of the best models of the dignified, consistent clergyman of the day. In all his walks, and in his public ininistrations, he looks strictly to the honor and dignity of his calling, and to the persistent discharge of his duties in the manner which will best accomplish fruits of immortal souls. The display of personal talents, and an ambitious seeking of positions and emoluments, give place to a studious private life and an humble public one. 97 KEY. THOMAS K. CONRAD, D. D., AlSsist^nt kectok of the chtjkch of the H:eA.VE]VLiY KEST (EPISCOI*A.Ij), ivew yokkl. ^'EV. dr. THOMAS K CONRAD was born in the city of Philadelphia, January 19th, 1836. He is a nephew of Judge Conrad, a distinguished man in law and literature. His early academic studies were pursued in his native place, and he graduated at the University of Pennsylvania in 1866. Having determined to prepare for the Episcopal minis- try, he entered upon a course of private theological study with the late Bishop Alonzo Potter, of Pennsylvania. He was made deacon May 24th, 1857, at St Philip's Church, Philadelphia, by Bishop Potter, and priest January 19th, 1860, at St. Mark's Church, Phila- delphia, by the same bishop. A few months after his admission to deacon's orders, he commenced to of&ciate as rector of the Church of All Saints, Philadelphia, This was November 1st, 1857, and he continued with the parish until 1859. At this latter period his attention had been turned to the want of another Episcopal church in Germantown, and during 1859 his efforts resulted in the erection of Calvary Church in that place. He was called as the rector, and thus remained for about four years, until 1863. He next received a call to St. John's Church, Clifton, Staten Island, N. Y., a wealthy and important parish, where he officiated with great zeal for nearly four years. After the resignation of this rectorship, he did not accept another immediately, but employed himself in giving occasional as- sistance to the Rev. Dr. Robert S. Howland, at the Church of the Holy Apostles, Ninth Avenue, New York. This pastoral association led to an important religious movement in another field. Dr. Conrad very much desired to go into one of the fine up-town neighborhoods and establish a new Episcopal church. In this purpose he was very much encouraged by Dr. Howland, who also expressed a desire to aid such an undertaking with pecuniary 'L-1^ REV THOMAS K. CONRAD, D. D. means of his own. As an experiment, a chapel-service was com- menced at Kutgers Female College, in Fifth avenue, both Dr. How- land and Dr. Conrad ofEciatitig. These services were a signal suc- cess. Very soon a new parish, under the name of the Church of the HeaYcnly Eest, was organized, and steps taken for the erection of an edifice for public worship. The parish was organized May 18th, 1868, and is already large Id the numbers, and influential in the character of its members. Dr. Howland is the senior rector, and Dr. Conrad is assistant, having the principal charge. Arrangements were made to biiild the church in connection with other elegant and costly improvements, which were to be carried out for Dr. Howland on property belonging to him on Fifth avenue and Forty-fifth street The visitor to this magnificent portion of the city will observe that the main church building has been erected in the rear of several lots, while the larger half of the front portion on Fifth avenue, and on Forty-fifth street is occupied by first-class resi- dences. A space on Fifth avenue between the houses, is occupied by the front of the church, which is not of the width of the main structure, but is uniform with the other buildings, and has a very tasteful architectural effect. Altogether the design, though new and of the most practical character, is harmonious and elegant, and does not in any manner detract from the merits of the church as an im- posing public building, ifothing has been lost in the necessary dimensions, which are about one hundred feet in width, and one hundred and thirty-five in length, and, as completed, the building will seat about one thousand people. The interior is very beautifal. It is elaborate and costly, and shows the highest architectural and artistic taste. The pews and other fittings are in solid wood, and the chancel has one of the most magnificent pieces of wood- carving to be seen in the United States. All the pillars are of polished variegated marble, and very expensive. The stained win- dows, and the painting of the wa,lls and arches, show beautiful ar- tistic effects. The reading desk is a pedestal with a spread eagle in brass, and the pulpit is a fine specimen of workmanship. The font is richly sculptured, and was presented by some of Dr. Conrad's friends in St. John's parish, Staten Island. This interior, taken as a whole or in detail, will bear the most critical examination. Turn where you will you are deeply impressed with its taste and bea\\ty, and entire harmony with the" sacred character of the edifice. The expenditure on this property amounts to more than two hundred EEV. THOMAS K. CONEAD, D. D. tliousand dollars. The first public services were held in the new building in February, 1869, and regular services are now held twice each Sabbath. Dr. Conrad received his degree of D. D., from Pennsylvania College at Gettysburg in 1868. He has published various occa- sional sermons by request He is tall, well-proportioned, and erect His head is large, and of an oblong shape, with a large face. All the features are massive and prominent, but they are as finely molded as in a more delicate cast of countenanca The forehead is full, broad, and high ; the eyes are large, oval-shaped, and clear ; the nose is Eoman, and the mouth is handsome and expressive. It is an intellectual and a man- ly face in the fullest sense. You see in it mental vigor, ambition, energy, and feeling. His thoughts and acts have scope, meaning, and force, combined with an originality and individuality which are unmistakably his own. He is not a meek, but a proud man ; but his pride is in a self- relianc3 which he always feels and displays; in an earnestness of mind and purpose which proves itself in its works, and in an ambi- tion which seeks not less moral excellence, than it does personal exaltation. He is a calm reasoner as to causes and efiects, and as to forces and obstacles, and when he moves hj is sharp and effective, bat it is calculation and not impulse. He is far-seeing, determined, and courageoua His natural qualities all fit him for positions of responsibility, and to be a leader rather than a follower among men. Nature in man shows its defects and weaknesses. Like Pope, the greatest are sometimes the meanest Brilliant talents, all-power- ' ful energy, and soaring ambition are often mingled with the most ignoble attributes of character. The evidence of genius is neither the evidence of truth nor of morality. We must look behind the blaze of talents for the true and noble man. Grive him all greatness of mind, and the credit of all success in life's achievements, and still we know him not. He must be brought to the moral and man- hood test, and he must stand it, or he is like gold which the fire proves to be dross. Every public character, and especially every minister of the gospel, should be brought to this test before the honors of fame are awarded to him. The gentlemanly manners, and tlie frank, manly speech of Dr. Conrad, are significant in this closer analysis which we propose. Without affectation of courtliness or dignity, he excels in both; and REV. THOMAS K. CONRAD, D. D. while he is ever so much practiced in etiquette, there is a graceful- ness and naturalness in it that prove it to be nature and not acting. Then his sentiments are free-spoken — they bear the impress of the heart, and they reflect the upright and noble character. He has no disguises: in fact, the only impulsiveness he has about him is in his opinions. Sensitive, ardent, and fearless, he is never uncertain as to his views ; nor does he hesitate to make them known. But he never wounds and never repels you even when he differs from you. He is gentlemanly, consistent and respectful in all things and at all times, and you are irresistibly impressed with this fact. In the pulpit, you obtain a clear insight into his moral and reli- gious character. His sermons are aglow with feeling and strong in power of thought, and grasp of the mind. It is not superficial feeling or thought, but it is the genuine flow of the heart. He knows his own duty, and he tells you yours; h? points out the agencies which make him bolder and better for his own struggle, and he inspires you with his own desires, hopes, and faith. He stands the champion of his own church, and of her teachings in the great matters of doctrine, and in all the rules of morals, and he bends the whole force of his nature, and the whole ardor of his convictions to do this work faithfully and effectively. He is keenly sensitive to failure, and he is justly proud of success, and hence all his duties show thorough sincerity and heartiness of effort. This is fully apparent in his sermons. They are written and delivered with care, and with a practical view to satisfactory results. His voice is smooth and powerful, and his manners are dignified and effective. With large resources of mind, great fixedness and purity of charac- ter. Dr. Conrad must be regarded, in the pulpit and in the other labors of the ministry, as one of the most brilliant and valuable members of the clerical profession at the present tima 101 REY. SAMUEL COOKE, D.D, RECTOR OF ST. BARTHOLOMEW'© EPI©COI»AI^ CHUKCH, NE\r YORIt. |EV. DR SAMUEL COOKE was born at Danbiiry, Con- necticut, August 5tti, 1816. His father was Judge D. B. Cooke, and his grandfather, Hon. Joseph P. Cooke, was a member of the Continental Congress, and considered ^" in his day one of the most prominent men in Connecticut. ^ Judge Cooke was a strict Presbyterian, and his son was seldom allowed to enter the churches of other denominations. At the age of sixteen the young man was sent to the village of Walden, New York, where his brother was engaged in a large manufacturing business. "While here he gave evidence of a decided literary ability, which was coupled with excellent oratorical powers. He spent much of his time in study, and repeatedly received invitations to deliver lectures and Fourth of July orations in the leading towns of Orange County. He became a communicant of the Episcopal Church, and. having determined to prepare for the ministry, in the year 1835 en- tered the Episcopal Theological Seminary. He was graduated in 1888, and received calls to various positions in the churches, all of which he declined. Shortly after his ordination as deacon, being in delicate health, he made a tour through Western New York. During this trip he chanced to be at the village of Lyons, on a Sabbath, where there were a few Episcopalians but no church. When about leaving the place for Geneva, he accepted an invitation to remain and preach, the ministers of two churches having kindly oifered their pulpits. He preached twice, and with great acceptability. A few days later, he was informed that six thousand dollars had been raised towards buililing an Episcopal church in the village, on condition that he ac- cepted the rectorship, and that a salary of eight hundred dollars was also subscribed. He felt it his duty to accept the call. After his marriage with Miss Emma Walden, daughter of Jacob T. Walden, formerly of New York, and founder of the village of 102 " ^-sj EBT. SAMUEL COOKE, D. D. Walden, he removed to Lyons, and held services in the Court House while his church was in process of erection. He resided in Lyons for a period of five years, when he was called to the finest church in Western New York, situated at Geneva. The church built in Lyons cost twelve thousand dollars, and the original number of communi- cants was only six ; but during the five years the debt was entirely paid, and the communicants increased to between one and two hun- dred. Soon alter settling at Geneva, Dr. Cooke was elected one of the trustees of Hobart College, locate.! in the town. " The Great Hand," says a statem.ent, " which had hitherto directed his efforts, did not destine him long to remain in his beautiful western home. One Sunday, feeling that he needed rest, he applied to several rectors of neighboring parishes to exchange duties with him for the day ; but, strange to say, he was unable to succeed in his wish. Every one to whom he applied was either detained at home by official duties, or did not desire to leave his church for that Sunday. Thus, contrary to his earnest wish, he was obliged to remain at home. Truly ' man proposes, but God disposes.' That very day a committee of gentle- men attended service in the church, and at its close tendered him a call to the newly organized parish of St. Paul's Church, New Haven. Visiting the new field of dutv to which he seemed thus directly called by God, and satisfied that here was an opportunity for advancing his Master's kingdom, afler two years' residence in Geneva, during which time the church under his charge had greatly prospered, he removed to New Haven." St. Paul's Church, hitherto a chapel of Trinity Chtirch, in the same city, had just separated from the mother parish, and organized as a distinct body. From this time the congregation steadily in- creased, until St. Paul's took a position second to none in the diocese. In 1850 Dr. Cooke received a call to St. Bartholomew's Church, New York city, which he accepted. This church was weighetl down with a large debt, but very soon every available pew was taken at increased rents, and every day saw the parish increasing in strength and prosperity. At an early day a considerable portion of the debt was paid by subscription among the congregation, and the church was altered and improved throughout. Dr. Cooke received the de- gree of A.M. from Yale College while at New Haven, and, after his removal to New York, the degree of D.D. from Columbia College and the University of New York in two successive days, while he was booked for the same degree at Hobart College. 103 EEV. SAMUEL COOKE, D. D. St Bartholomew's parisli now numbers seventeen hundred soul it has about seven bundred regular communicants, and the congreg tion is one of the wealthiest and most charitable of the city. The is connected with the churcb a school of one hundred poor childre who are entirely clothed and educated by the congregation. Such, in brief, are some of the results of the labors of Dr. Samu Cooke during a ministry of thirty-five years. The fitting crown his life-work, however, is the magnificent new church edifice recent erected for St. Bartholomew's congregation, on the corner of Madisc Avenue and Forty-Fourth Street. St Bartholomew's bears some resemblance to the Cathedral Pisa — Lombardic style. The church covers a lot 75 ii-ont by 1' feet in length. There is one grand or central entrance, which is ( namented with richly carved caps to columns of Aberdeen and Peti head (Scotland) granite, witb bas relief in tympanums of the do( surmounted by a garbelle carved cross. The carving is done in Oh freestone. There are two subordinate doors of a more modified c sign— one in the tower and one south of the vestibule. The heig of the front from sidewalk to top of main gable and tower, which on the corner of Madison Avenue and Forty-Fourth Street, includi; large iron cross, is 200 feet The extreme length of the interior the church is 129 feet, by 71 feet in width. It is divided into thi aisles — one centre and two side. The centre is 43 feet wide by feet high ; the side aisles are each 14 feet wide and 27 feet hig They are divided by seven polished Scotch granite columns, si mounted by an arcade, open triporium, and clere-story. The eeili is grained, and the whole interior decorated in polychrome. T side walls are divided into seven bays, each containing a stained-gh window. The rear gable is pierced with a window of three bays, sc rich designs over the chancel. The chancel has a costly a: chastely decorated screen, extending the whole width behind t altar. On each side are the vestry and retiring-rooms. The org is placed in the gallery over the front vestibule. In the side aisl and chancel memorial windows are furnished by members of the cc gregation. The heat and ventilation of the church are furnished ' steam fi-om boilers placed under the vestry and in cellars. St Bi tholomew's cost about two hundred thousand dollars, and seats 10 persons. The lot belonging to the church is 100 feet front ; and as t church occupies only 75 feet there remain 25 feet fi-ont, upon whi a parsonage and school have been built . The rectorv fronts i loi \ ■' EEV. SAMUEL COOKE, D. D. Madison Avenue, and consists of four stories. It is in harmony of design and material with the church. The school building is of two stories, 28 feet by 48, and both buildings connect directly with the interior of the church. The church was completed and opened for divine services in the latter part of 1872. Dr. Cooke is of the medium height and of full person. His ap- pearance is clerical, and his manners are reserved and dignified. He has a round, bald head, of much intellectuality, and his face is thor- oughly expressive of a benevolent, upright, and Christian man. Like most Episcopal clergymen, he seems altogether absorbed in his pro- fessional character. He is not disposed to walk an inch from the well-understood line of clerical .propriety, or to undertake any labor but that pertaining to the upholding of religion. He has neither a morbid hankering for more exciting fields of effort, nor does he sigh for secular notoriety in the room of mere church renown. Full of energy, and fortunate in pushing forward all enterprises with. which he connects himself, still for strictly worldly affairs he lacks both in- clination and heart A successful ministry and advancement as a churchman form the scope of his ambition, and to his view are ample rewai'd for the self-denying toil of the longest life. He is altogether too conscientious and too high-toned in his standard of morals to sacrifice duty to gain, or the triumphs of the ministry for the admi- ration of the world. An earnest man, a faithful, humble Christian, a talented and eloquent preacher, he has secured a character which serves as a light to his generation, and won a name long to be cher- ished in the annals of the church. Tested in many trials, unwearied in well doing, constant to every principle, and faithful to every friend^ he has an undisputed title to the praise which men award him. His sermons are smoothly written, and always eloquent argumentSi. He reasons vigorously, and in a mode of progression which carries; conviction at every step. His delivery is fluent, and his voice is clear and , mellow. Using but few gestures, ■ he addresses himself calmly and fixedly to his subject. The entire absence of vain dis- play, the completeness of the discussion, and the evident sincerity of the speaker, arrest undivided attention, and there are few who. preach a more popular discourse. Dr. Cooke ranks with the ablest of the Episcopalian clergy. Cer- tainly none of them have had a more successful or honorable career. Greatly beloved by his congregation, and highly appreciated by his professional brethren, he may well enjoy the contentment of the just. 105 REY. JOHN E. GOOKMAN, A. M., XiA.TE I»A.STOIt, OF THOB IHETHODIST FREE TA-BERTfiVCTLiE, NETV YORIt. I EV. JOHN E. COOKMAN was bom at Carlisle, Pennsyl- vania, June 8th, 1836. His early studies were in Phila- delphia, where he was graduated at the High School in 1854. He received the degree of A. M. at this institution 1857. His theological studies were at a small seminary New Hampshire, which has recently been removed to Bos- ton, and is now known as the Boston Theological Seminary. Prior to 1861 he preached under the direction of the Presiding Elder of the New Jersey Conference at a church in New Brunswick. In 1861 he was received into the New York Conference, and sta tioned at Lenox, Massachusetts, where he remained two years. His ministry at this place was marked by an extensive revival. He was next appointed to the Methodist Church in One Hundred and Twenty-fifth street, Harlem, where he ofiiciated for two years. After this he went to Washington Street Church in Poughkeepsie, where his term of service was prolonged through three years. Here also a very extraordinary revival took place, during which over three hundred persons experienced religion. In April, 1868, he was ap- pointed to the Bedford Street Church, New York, and subsequently reappointed to the same church. He next went to Trinity Method- ist Church, now known as the Free Tabernacle of the Methodist Church in Thirty-fourth street, where he remained the pastor until the spring of 1874. Mr. Cookman is of the average height, and well-proportioned. His head is round, with regular, intelligent features. He is youth- ful in appearance, and full of vigor and activity. His manners are courteous and extremely prepossessing. He is a man devoid of everything like self-sufaciency. It is undoubtedly his effort to appear exactly as he is, without any of the restraints which ministerial dig- nity imposes. He is circumspect enough to keep within tbe bounds 106 REV. JOHN E. COOKMAN, A. M. of a sensible propriety, but beyond this he is extremely free and social with all persons. You find him one of those honest, frank, and candid men in both speech and manners, who at once win your regard. If you have known him a day or his lifetime it is all the same with him, for he appears to you with the same characteristics. He is of an entirely natural and simple nature, and such natures are the truest to friendship, and always companionable. Cheerful, warm, and sympathetic, they show the human heart in its best, though it may not be in its most striking phases of action. The bitterness, envy, selfishness, and vanity, that loom up in the character which has more of the original and demonstrative peculiarities, and which meo are woi^t to admire and imitate, have no claim or part in this other that we are describing. It may be passive and negative, it may be without especial brilliancy or force, but yet it is supremely beautiful and noble in it3 high merit of truth, tenderness, and love. Such is the character of Mr. Cookman, as it is found under all circumstan- ces. He is a plain, honest, fair man. There is nothing studied, nothing artificial, and nothing assumed about him. He is real and true. He may not have the glitter of the diamond, but he has the pure gold of manly character. As a preacher his power is in his emotional style. He preaches to the heart. This member of the human organization is the only citadel of sin that he cares anything about in his assaults in the name of the Lord Jesus Christ. Once in possession of itj he main- tains that he can dictate his terms of submission to the mind. Methodism holds strongly to this kind of preaching, while the Presbyterian, and some of the other denominations, have always doubted its lasting effects, thoiigh never its primary success. The Methodist preacher looks at the man or woman as a creature of emo- tions, sympathies, affections, sorrows, and joys. The fool may feel all these just as acutely, and perhaps more keenly, than the most l6arn6d person on the face of the earth. All mankind have the weakness of hearts, while it is the few who have the strength which comes from mind. Hence it is clear that a great deal of pro- found preaching is thrown away, and it is equally clear that there is not one single word addressed to the heart which is lost in its effects. Religion is after all more of an emotion than a conviction, for it is inborn in the human soul. The Indian who^ has never heard of a God or the teachings of revelation, is touched, subdued, and con- trolled by the Great Spirit of which nature alone has told him. Man 107 EEV. JOHN E. COOKMAN, A. M. everywhere, no matter how ignorant or debased, worships something from impulses which spring from the heart When the being is educated or improved, and the mind comes into play, different doc- trines are accepted or rejected, but the act of devotion and worship is no more sincere than when it was done in ignorance and hea- thenism. The Methodist church has its doctrines, and is very tenacious of them too. But its first aim is to convert, not to Methodism, but to God. It beats with raining tears, with Christian love and persua- sion, upon the stony heart, and it leads in the path trod by a sorrow- ing, forlorn Eedeemer, until the stubborn knee bends in penitence and prayer. It goes with its appeal to the torn and tender heart, and when this has been touched, awakened, and conquered, it is ready to impart the lessons which are to be addressed more particu- larly to the mind. Mr. Cookman is a revivalist He looks upon a ministry as bar- ren and unprofitable without these awakenings. A convert here and there, a heart touched, but hundreds of souls sleeping uncon- scious in sin, is a condition of things which he views with positive terror. Consequently he is always at work, and Satan finds no rest within his pastorate. Young himself, full of emotion and tenderness, he shows a consistency, kindness, and good will in his efforts, which it is difficult for the young or the old to resist He comes with no frowns or rebukes, with no self-sufficiency in his own grace, but he comes as a brother, feeling for every woe, and a messenger of peace and joy. Eloquent, nay, almost inspired with a power and zeal from on high, he rouses up the dormant feelings of his hearers, and plays upon the heart's emotions with the consummate art of one who has studied its most secret depths. His voice is soft, and yet powerful, and his manners are tender and yet expressive. There is no effort, no straining for sensation, but there is abundant evidence that every instrumentality of his thoughts and heart is being used for the single purpose of carrying truth to the hearts of his congre- gation. He does not seek to be profound in scholarship in these sermons. He speaks well, clearly, and to the point, but does not run off into erudite disquisitions. He takes everyday life, its toils and temptations, its sorrows and joys ; he takes the human heart in sin, indifference, and guilt, and he takes it purified, zealous in good deeds, and happy and hopeful. This is a broad field, and he knows how to work it to the best advantage. 108 KEY. WILLIAM P. CORBIT, PASTOR, OF TI-lJE HEVEIVTH STREET MiETHO- DIST CHURCH, NEW YORIC. EV. WILLIAM P. COEBIT was born in the city of PhiladelpMa, October 12th, 1820. His birth was hum- ble, and, having had hardly any educational advantages, he became at an early period a teamster. In his six- teenth year he was converted under the ministry of Eev. J^ Charles Pitman, at St Greorge's Methodist Church, in Phila- delphia. At this time, in his own words, he "scarcely knew ■frhe rule of three direct ;" but he had some natural parts as a speaker and a great deal of religious enthusiasm, and he became an exhorter, and finally a class-leader. In the spring of 1840 he sold out his horses and carts and took up his abode with Mr. Pitman, then the pastor of a church at Trenton, New Jersey, and commenced the study of theology. Friends in Philadelphia offered to provide money to send him to college, but this he declined, for reasons satisfactory to himself and them. During the following spring he entered the New Jersey Conference as a traveling preacher in the Freehold cir- cuit, and thus continued for one year. Since that period he has been employed without interruption in the work of the ministry. He has been stationed in the following fields of labor : Orange, New Jersey, two years ; Bordentown (where he built a new church), two years ; Cape May circuit, one year ; Halsey Street Church, Newark, two years : Hackettstown, two years ; Franklin Street Church, Newark, two years ; Broad Street Church, Newark (which he founds ed), one year ; Madison Street Church, New York, two years, and same congregation in Cherry street two years ; Greene Street Church, two years ; Trinity Church, Jersey City, two years ; Clinton Street Church, Newark, two years ; Alanson Church, New York, two years. In April, 1866, he commenced an appointment at the Sev- enteenth Street Church, New York, for two years. 109 REV. WILLIAM P. COBBIT. After filling some other appointments, he went to the DeKalb Avenue Church, Brooklyn, where he served two years, and in the spring of 1874 went to the Seventeenth Street Church, New York. Mr. Corbit is something over the medium height, with square, broad shoulders, and well-proportioned figure. When he walks his body is in a measure thrown forward, and he has a long, quick stride. His head is of good size, his features are regular, his com- plexion is quite dark, and he has long black hair. He looks to be an intelligent man, and certainly one of a great deal of force and per- severance of character. " I never /ai7 in anything," he remarked to us. " Not that /am anything, but through the goodness of my God I have a purpose which never grows weary. The experience of my ministry is wonderful. I have been exalted as few men are, and I have been assailed by detraction of the most bitter charactei' ; but I have kept right on with my work in the field of the Lord Jesus. I never was defeated in any plan of my life, for I prayed and trusted in God, and those who do the same thing will succeed in the same way. I don't believe in the word/ai7, sir." With the determination of overcoming all the obstacles in the way of an uneducated man seeking admission into the Christian ministry, and of reaching a conspicuous position as a pulpit speaker and Bible expounder, he turned from his manual occupation and began to grope his way in the mazy and tedious labyrinths of learning. He had much to do, but he had patience, indomitable perseverance, a soaring ambition, and an ardent love for religious truths. While yet on the threshold of his investigations, and still feeble and undisciplined in his mental powers, he was called to the practical work of the ministiy. A natural fluency of speech served him greatly. He could always talk, and he made the very best use of all the knowledge he had acquired. Every sermon that he preached, however much it affected his hearers, he resolved should be excelled by the next one he delivered. His themes of discourse were never out of his mind. He studied his Bible and every other book which would assist him, and his fine natural parts quickened and strengthened with ever/ day. He did preach better and better. His eloquence became refined by education, and at the same time more powerful and effective, and. he gradually won a place of eminence in his denomination. He is somewhat an eccentric preacher. He says many pointed personal things, uses odd illustrations, tells anecdotes, and sometimes 110 EEV. WILLIAM P. COEBIT. when he wants to make a quotation from a hymn, sings it. On one occasion when we heard him he sang one verse, and then two others, to a different tune, and it was very good singing too. His preach- ing is extemporaneous and without notes. His manner of prepara- tion is simply to review his subject mentally, leaving the language to be used entirely to the inspiration of the moment He speaks in exceedingly terse and well-molded sentences, and his arguments are reasoned with no little skill and power. Many of his views are original, and show the keenest mental discrimination; and all thathe says is uttered with the enthusiasm of eloquence and religious zeal. Like most Methodist preachers, he addresses his appeal chiefly to the feelings. " Man wants Heaven," said Mr. Corbit while speak- ing to us on this subject. " He wants to be told all about it, and to have his heart softened and melted by the tale of JesusJ and not knocked down by theological sledge-hammers in the way of doctrinal arguments." Hence in his preaching he uses every means to arouse his congregation to a deep state of feeling. His voice, planner, and language are all directed to this point, and he seldorn fails to pro- duce the result he desires. When he finds that his hearers are not- only listening to him, but are swayed in their emotions by his own, he is in his element at once, so to speak. His tongue and mind and soul are all aglow with enthusiasm, and there seems absplutely no limit to his power of language to proclaim sacred, truths and to teach the awakening heart Words fall from his mouth in a del- uge. He has pathos, sentiment, and sound practical reasoning. He thunders until the echoes of his voice go far beyond the church walls, and then he speaks in tones as soft and sweet as music. All this is a very effective kind of eloquence, and that kind which does won- ders in the Methodist congregations. They delight in these moving appeals, these reverberating shouts, and these pathetic whisperings. They are wont to call Mr. Oorbit's preaching the "style of the good old days of Methodism, when to cry Hallelujah and Glory to God was not an offence against church propriety. Mr. Corbit is of a social, genial disposition, and is popular among the people. Certain peculiarities of manner and speech follow him into private life, and in every circle he is the conspicuous and lead- ing person. He talks a great deal, and mixes up subjects of religion with secular topics in a style quite original. He is a man never abashed, of ready repartee, good natured, and altogether an interest- ing character. ^ REV. SAMUEL HANSON COX, D. D., )eY. DE. SAMUEL HANSON" COX was born at Lees- ville, New Jersey, August 25th, 1793. His parents be- longed to the Society of Friends. After the death of his father, who was a New York merchant, his mother re- moved, with her three sons and two daughters, to Philadelphia, of which place she was a native. Here Samuel attended school until 1811, when he went to Newark, N. J., to study law. Continuing his studies until November, 1812, the subject of religion then became his chief thought He was licensed to preach the Gos- pel by the Presbytery of New York, and ordained by the Presbytery of New Jersey at Mendham, July 1st, 1817. He remained the only pastor at Mendham until the autumn of 1820, when he removed to New York city, having accepted a call to the Spring sti-eet church on a salary relatively much less than his income at Mendham. His health being much impaired, he sailed for Europe on the 10th of April, 1833, and traveled extensively in Great Britain and Ireland, and also in France, Switzerland, Germany, and Holland, returning at the expiration of seven months greatly improved. In the spring of 1834 he was invited to accept the professorship of sacred rhetoric and pastoral theology at Auburn, which was renewed later in the year and accepted. He remained at Auburn until May, 1837, when he was installed pastor of the First Presbyterian Church, Brooklyn. In May, 1846, he was chosen moderator of the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church, and in August he attended the meeting of the Evangelical Alliance in London. A resolution was introduced into that body declaring that no person holding slaves or defending slavery should be admitted to its membership. Dr. Cox was on bis feet in an instant, and to the surprise of everybody, denounced the resolution. The mover, rising to reply, inquired if it could be possi- ble that the objector to such a resolution was Dr. Cox, of New York, an early abolitionist, who had even been mobbed for his bold senti- ments. Dr. Cox eloquently answered that it was indeed the per- 112 vr ^l (^^£>~y<. f REV. SAMUEL HANSON COX. D. D. secuted Dr. Cox of a former day, but one who, by the blessing of God, had been delivered from the blindness of fanaticism, and who was proud to stand forth to denounce a resolution which would shut out from their fellowship such a noble body of Christians as the peo- ple of the Southern states of America. The resolution was promptly voted down. On his return, Dr. Cox was wrecked on board the steamship Great Britain. An affection of the throat rendered it necessary that he should leave Brooklyn. On the last Sabbath of April, 1854, he preached his farewell sermon and retired to Oswego, his people having been very generous in their provision for him. In April, 1817, Dr. Cox married the daughter of Kev. Aaron Cleveland, of Connecticut, by whom he has had six sons and nine daughters, two sons and four daughters being dead. One of these sons is the distiiiguished Episcopal prelate, the Eight Eev. A. Cleve- land Coxe, Bishop of the "W estern diocese of the State of New York. Dr. Cox has married a second time. At the age of thirty-two he re- ceived the degree of D. D. from Williams College. He wrote a letter to the New York Observer, under date of November 16tb, 1825, declining the title. Dr. Cox took an active part in the inauguration of the abolition ' movement. On one occasion he preached a sermon in which he sought to allay the prejudice against the blacks, and stated that Christ was not a white man, but of the yellow Syrian hue. This re- mark was unfortunate, for it was shortly after asserted that he had stated that Christ was a negro. The following is a correct account of the riot of 1834, in New York, during which Dr. Cox's house and church were mobbed. "It continued through Wednesday, Thursday, and Friday night, increasing in intensity with its progress. On Wednesday night, beside Mr. Lewis Tappan's house, Chatham street chapel was mobbed, and also the Bowery theatre, because of an English actor by the name of Farren, who had said something offensive to Ameri- can nationality. On Thursday night Dr. Cox's house and church were mobbed, and Zion Church, occupied by a colored congregation. On Friday Dr. Cox's church was 'finished,' his house saved only by a strong military force who barricaded the streets; the church ol the Kev. Mr. Ludlow sacked, and ^he windows and doors of his house demolished, and dwelling-houses torn down and emptied which accommo- dated nearly fifty colored families. On Saturday night it was planned to destroy all the free Presbyterian churches, the offices of the obnoxious papers, and the houses of ministers and editors, for it should be understood that hatred of the anti-slavery party was not the only propulsion of the mob. It included hatred of Christianity, of temperance, and of all moral reforms. The free Presbyterian church system was making itself too manifestly felt by its aggressive movements, and must be over- thrown by violence. But by this time magistrates and propertj'-holders, of whatever 113 KEV. SAMUEL HANSON COX, D. D. sentiment, had become thoroughly alarmed, troops were ordered out in large num- bers, and efficient measures taken to preserve the peace of the city, which proved successful. "In Mr. Tappan's house, adjoining the Friends' Meeting-house, in Bose street, mirrors were broken, much of the furniture piled'in the street and partially burned, parlors, bedrooms, and closets desolated, indeed, every room, except one small apartment where Mr. Tappan kept his anti-slavery documents, papers, and books, which was left unmolested. Mr. Tappan sent his family into the country and slept in his store. And there stood his home for weeks unrepaired, visited by tens of thousands, preaching its silent sermon. Dr. Cox's house suffered less than Mr. Tappan's. His windows were broken and Jiis parlor strewn with stones, but his family escaped uninjured,' and he himself passed out through the crowd without mo- lestation, receiving only a sprinkling of dust and insulting language. Several of hia friends had mingled in the mob, and by ingenuity restrained them. Dr. Cox and his family soon went out of the city, and r&moved before long to Auburn, in ac- cordance with the advice of friends. " As has been mentioned, Dr. Cox announced himself before the Evangelical Alliance as no longer an abolitionist, and during the agitation in regard to the compromise measures of 1850 he came out in favor of them. He also became vice-president of the Southern Aid Society. His views became radical again during the late war. As a sti'ong New School Presbyterian, Dr. Cox was prominent in the agitation of 1837, which was followed by the division of the church into the old and new-school bodies. He has also been a lead- ing promoter of the Evangelical Alliance, a distinguished professor in a theological seminary, a noted lecturer upon sacred history, and very active in the temperance, colonization, anti-slavery, and com- promise movements. He mentions that an old Quaker once said to him — " Samuel, thy mind is too active. If thee wants peace, I can tell thee how to find it Get still, get still, and thee shall come to know the hidden wisdom in the quiet of the flesh. I tell thee, my dear young friend, get still." Professor Henry Fowler gives the following excellent description of the subject of our notice : " Dr. Cox is a man of warm sensibilities, ardent zeal, and great industry, and he is also a man of marked peculiarities of style and manner. He is one of those speakers whom to hear once is to know thoroughly. He displays himself frankly and unreseryedly. The characteristics are so striking that one sees them at a glance, and would recognize them robed and turbaned in the deserts of Sahara. His manner is earnest and forcible, indeed, somewhat impetuous. He is faithful in probing the conscience, and affecting in his appeals. He manifests deep solicitude in his preaching, and there is a EEV. SAMUEL HANSON COX, D. D. sincerity and ardor in his whole manner which touches the heart He is vigorous in the thought and forcible in its presentation, and he always commands attention, not less by fervor of deliv- ery than by exuberance of language and peculiar redundancy of re- markable words. He surpasses all in the outpourings of sentences and in the abundance of quotations. His memory is wonderful, and he uses it without reserve. His quotations, though so profuse, are accurate and remarkably appropriate, but he lacks logical order or system of any kind, digressing, episoding, and returning upon his steps without law or method. " Many anecdotes are related showing his peculiarities. On one occasion he was preaching on the text relating to the woman " who had an issue of blood twelve years, and had suffered many things of many physicians. " Branching from his main topic to the subject of physicians, he devoted the remainder of the discourse to a discussion of the merits and demerits of the medical profession. His memory is so remarkable, that we have heard him deliver a historical lecture of two hours with scarcely a reference to his manuscript. His quota- tions, chiefly from the classics, are constant, both in his public ad- dresses and conversation. In appearance he is a fine, stately old gentleman, with a large, round, well-developed head, adorned with silver-gray hair. He preaches -occasionally in New York and Brooklyn, but resides in another part of the State. 115 IIIGHT REV. A. CLEVELAND COXE, BISHOP OF 'WESTEKN TfEW Y^ORK:, IjA.TE HEC- TOK. OF CA-LVA-RY EPISCOPA.L. CHTJRCJrl, 3VETV" "YOIilt. IGHT EEY. BISHOP A. CLEVELAND COXE, D. D., son of the Eev. Dr. Samuel H. Cox, the distinguished Presbytenan clergyman, was bom at Mendham, IS". J., May lOlh, 1818. He was graduated with high honors at the New York University, in 1838, and was ordained deacon in June, 1841. At a very early age he gave evidence of a rare literary ability, and during his minority published various poetic ef- fusions, which attracted much attention. When twelve years old he composed a poem which is still in use, an 1 at nineteen published his first volume, a poem entitled, " Advent, a Mystery." These were followed by " Athwold, a Eomaunt ;" " St. Jonathan, the Lay of a Scald;" and "Christian Ballads." In 1840, he delivered before Washington College, a poem entitled, " Athanasian," which added very much to his reputation. A dramatic poem entitled, " Saul, a Mystery," was published in 1845. He commenced his ministrations in 1841, at St Ann's Church, Morrisania, where he became rector of Christ Church, going subsequently, to Christ Church, Hartford, and, in 1854, accepted a call to Grrace Church, Baltimore. In 1855, he visited Europe, and was the first American clergyman received into full communion of the Church of England. During his travels he contributed to the Churchman, the Episcopal journal published in New York, a series of letters entitled, "Impressions of England." Other contributions appeared in both the English and American periodicals. He continued as rector of Grace Church, Baltimore, until the breaking out of the war disturbed his before happy association with his congregation. As a Northern man, though of conservative ten- dencies, he could not enter into their sympathies with the South or agree with them on the merits of the issue. He was universally re- us EIGHT EEV. A. CLEVELAND COXE. spected and beloved, but the sad conviction was forced upon bim that the period of his usefulness in the parish was at an end. A like condition of matters prevailed in Calvary parish, New York, where Eev. Dr. Hawks, a Southern man, found himself in some antagonism with his parishioners on the war question. Happily for the peace of the church and the advantage of religion, the difEculty in each in- stance was settled in a way satisfactory to all parties. Dr. Hawka resigned, and accepted a call to Grace Church, and Dr. Coxe was called to Calvary. He commenced to of&ciate during the winter of 1863. Here he remained until elected Bishop of the Western Dio- cese of New York. His residence is now in Buffalo. Recently he has been again in Europe, where be is always received with much distinction. In the fall of 1872, he went to the island of Hayti, to found there an Episcopal Mission. Dr. Coxe is known among his professional brethren as the " Pam- phleteer." He has entered largely into the discussion of the different questions which have agitated the church from time to time. While his direction of thought is so eminently poetic, still he has won distinc- tion in the field of polemics. A letter written by hirn and pub- lished, relating to the calling of the Ecumenical Council by the Pope, attracted considerable attention. Dr. Coxe is a poet of far more than ordinary merit, though he rather apologizes for the exercise of his talents in this form, by speak- ing of it as merely " an occasional amusement." " I strove to vary the odd hours," he says, in regard to the composition of one of his poems, " which I was able to steal from ssverer occupations for the refreshing cultivation of the muse, in such wise that even they might not be lost to Christian meditation." We quote a piece which occui-s in his poem of " Saul, a Mystery." EVENING HYMN. At all times will I praise thee, Lord, My song stall be of ties, When morning's earliest lark hath soared. Or sunset tints the sea ; Come magnify with me the power, And strike the warbling string ; So always, at the vesper hour, Together let us sing. Oh, taste and see that he is good, For blest the man shall be, Whose trust in eyil hour hath stood, Unshaken, Lord, in thee; 117 EIGHT REV. A. CLEVELAND OOXE. Thine angel walks bright sentinel, Enoamp'd our tents around, And half the heavenly armies dwell, Where'er the just are found. I will lay me down and sleep, And wake alike secure ; Thy judgments are a mighty deep. And all thy ways are pure ; And therefore as beneath thy wings. My soul in peace shall hide, And glory to thy myst'ry sings This holy eventide. Bishop Coxe is of the average height, erect and active. His hei is round, with a high intellectual forehead. He has dark hair, which his fair complexion is in marked contrast Altogether 1: well-moulded features, bis evident intellectuality, and his amiat expression, make his face one not easily forgotten. His manners a high-toned, having a well preserved dignity mingled with a gre deal of gentlemanly courtesy. His sermons are the compositions of a man always under poe1 inspiration. To him all divine things and all human things, pervadi by an attribute of goodness, are poetry. They exist to his conceptic in imagery of beaaty, constantly appealing to his enthusiam, Y. genius, and his piety. Hence, all his impressions are aglow with fe vor, and his eloquence glitters with poetic gems. His style does n by any means come under the denomination of flowery, its peculis ity consisting in gorgeousuess and gracefulness of thought. He argumentative to some extent, and fertile of illustrations, but tl charm and his greatest power is in passages of fascinating dictio His voice is strong without being loud, and his tone is agreeable wit out being exactly harmonious. His gestures are few and simple, b very expressive. He begins in a rather elevated, quick voice, whi( gradually falls into more natural and pleasant intonations. The st mons are clear to the dullest understanding. The reasoning is fon ble ; there is no hesitancy in the delivery, and no cessation in tl abundant flow of finely culled language. Bishop Coxe is a man of great force and usefulness in his ecclef astical position. Adorning it with rare talents and admired virtu he is most efficient in its practical duties. Consequently, his succe has been great, and his fame is widespread both at home and abroa He stands ever foremost to battle for the doctrines of his churc while he kneels ever meekest among the worshipers at her altars 118 ©E^o raOWACSffi) ®!E®S[I5'^%[I) affijo REY. IIOWAED CUOSBY, D. D., PASTOR OF FOTJUTII J4.VE7VTJE PRESBYTEKIAN ci-iUKCir, NE-w York:, and ciia]Vcel]l,or. OF THE NEW York: xjiviyersity. lEV. DR HOWARD CROSBY was born in New York, Feb. 27th, 1826. He was graduated at the New York University in 1844, and pursued a theological course privately. In 1859 he became professor of Greek in the New York University, and in 1861 professor of the same lan- guage in Rutgers College, New Brunswick. He was ordained a minister of the Presbyterian Churcb by the Presbjtery of New Brunswick in 1861, and added the pastorship of the First Presby- terian Church to his duties at the college. In March, 1863, be became pastor of the Fourth Avenue Presbyterian Church, New York, formerly the Bleeker Street Church. The pastors of this church have been three besides Dr. Crosby — viz: Rev. Mathias Bruen, Rev. Erskine Mason, D. D., Rev. Joel Parker, D, D. Dr. Crosby received the degree of D. D. from Harvard University in 1859. He published, in 1850, a book of Oriental travel, entitled "Lands of the Moslem ; " in 1851, an edition of one of the plays of Sophocles; and in 1863, his "Commentary of the New Testament." He has been a constant contributor for thirty years to the leading reviews and periodicals and the religious press, and has issued numerous pamphlets on theological, classical, and educational sub- jects. In 1870 he was elected Chancellor of the University of the City of New York, to succeed the Rev. Dr. Isaac Ferris. He was Moderator of the General Assembly, at Baltimore, in 1873. The following is a glowing passage from the "Lands of the Moslem," descriptive of the author's approach to Jerusalem : "The convent of MarElyas was before us, placed where the monks say the prophet rested on his way to Beersheba, and where they pretend to show the mark left by his sleeping body in the rock. We gazed anxiouaiy upon its white walls, and urged our horses up the hill side ; but it was not the shining convent that gave us energy and sent the thrill of eager expectations through our veins ; but we knew from that monastic height the eye might rest upon Jerusalem. The intensity of 119 EEV. HOWARD CROSBY, D. D. hope rendered us speechless as we hastened along the stony path ; joy and awe were alike accumulating in our hearts as we neared its summit. The past and the present were equally unheeded, for our whole thoughts were centered on the future prospect. Onward, with increasing zeal we vied in the ascent. The point was gained, and the Holy City lay fair and, peaceful befora our enraptured ej'es. Not in the wild forest of the western world, not among the huge wrecks of Egyptian art, not on the snow-clad peaks of romantic Switzerland, had any scene so riveted our gaze. The drapery of nature in the land of the setting sun was richer far. The halls of the Kamac had published the highest triumph of the human powers, and Alpine ranges had yielded far nobler spectacles of earth's magnificence ; yet here were all surpassed, for heaven threw its schechinah upon the scene, and clothed the hill of Zion with a robe of glory. The sweetest memories hovered like fairest angels over the towers of Salem. Past, present, and future, all concentred on the oracle of God. There is Zion, the home of the psalmist-monarch ; there Moriah, the mount of Israel's God ; and yonder, green with its appropriate foliage, and graceful as a heavenly height, is mild and holy Olivet. They rise as beacons to the wearied soul, and aU are bathed in the radiance of the Cross. The scene was grand, un- speakably. Our overflowing hearts sent torth their swollen streams of feeling in rejoicing. We looked back upon Bethlehem — there was the cradle; we turned to Calvary — there was the grave. Between these two had heaven and earth been reconciled. We paused awhile to drink deep of this first draught, and then spurred on to reach the city." Dr. Crosty is above the average height, and well proportioned. His head is rather long than broad, and straight, black and gray hair is combed from an intellectual brow. He has a calm, searching glance, but his expression is most kindly. In conversation his face becomes animated, but at other times it has a serious, reflective repose. His manners are extremely cordial. He exhibits a true gentlemanly dignity fitting to his position, and nothing beyond. Dr. Crosby is a man of varied and profound learning. His na- tural quickness of intellect and indomitable perseverance have led him along the channels of erudition until he has attained a thorough- ness and comprehensiveness of scholarship which is fully recognized by the savans of America and Europe. As a professor of Greek he was a most successful teacher, and his attainments in this particular branch of study are of the first order. Joined with the extended scope of his investigations, he has had the advantage of travel in foreign lands. The ardor with which he has pursued his far wander- ings is fully shown in the "Lands of the Moslem." Nothing of interest in his way seems to have escaped him, and his descriptions of character and paintings of scenery are eloquently beautiful, while acknowledged by other travelers to be entirely accurate. Dr. Crosby belongs to the most valuable class of living scholars. He is neither of the juvenile nor the hoary-headed. He occupies 120 REV. HOWAED CROSBY, D. D. that middle and safer ground of learning, when the energies are un- relaxed by reason of inordinate conceit, and the mind is unfettered by the pedantry of age. He has not been made a drone in the great hive of intellectual progress by the position and advancements growing out of success in early life, .nor does he sit gorged with triumphs, and egotistical from these crowding honors. On the contrary, he finds that he has work to do. He belongs to the work- ers, and not to the idlers, egotists, and dreamers. He is a part of the vast power of mind which is bearing his century to the most glorious page of all history. "With the prospect of many useful years before him, energetic in the prosecution of all that he undertakes, and en- thusiastic in developing the resources of intelligence, he can but be a most efficient laborer in the cause of knowledge. Dr. Crosby is an agreeable, interesting preacher. The obseiver is at once struck Tvith his entire want of display in both matter and manner. He announces his text twice, and looks steadily at his congregation until he is seemingly satisfied that they comprehend it Without any trouble about fine writing and brilliant oratory, he reaches the argument which he desires to present While his lan- guage is well selected, and used with the skill of a professional writer, there is no effort to cull especially eloquent and poetic phrases ; and, as to his declamation, while it is vigorous, there is no attempt to parade oratorical graces. In truth, he is a plain, practical reasoner. His power is in systematic argument, in the irrefutable maxims of logic, and in Christian zeal. His congregation certainly enjoy a great advantage from his preaching, as regards the particular and learned elucidation of the true translation and meaning of the Scriptures. Being a trained classical scholar and an accepted commentator, his sermons are very rich in information in these particulars. At times he is considerably animated. Absorbed in his theme, and moved by the force of the reasoning, his voice rises, and he gesticulates with some vehemence, soon falling back, however, to the calm course of his argument From our statement it will be seen that the New York p'olpit gained an important acquisition in Dr. Crosby. He is fully con- scious ; of the enlarged claims now made upon those qualifications which have received gratifying recognition in other fields, and he is not the man to fall short of public expectation, or to measure his energies by anything save the attainment of success. 121 BISHOP GEORGE D. CUMimS, D.D., OF THE REFOKMJHD EPISCOPA.3L, CHURCH. ISHOP GBOEGE D. CUMMINS, D. D., of the Ee- formed Episcopal Church, was born in Delaware, De- cember 11th, 1822. His early religious associations were with the Methodists. In 1841 he was graduated at Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pa. He was ordained a deacon of the Protestant Episcopal Church, by Bishop Lee of Del- aware, in October, 18^5, and priest, by the same bishop, in July, 1847. He subsequently had charge of Christ Church, Norfolk, Va. ; St. James', Richmond ; Trinity, Washington, D. C. ; St. John's, Baltimore ; and Trinity, Chicago. While rector of the last-named, he was elected Assistant Bishop of Kentucky, and received consecra- tion at Christ Church, Louisville, November 15th, 1866. The degree of D. D. was conferred on him by Princeton College in 1850. His low church views were very decided, and he took occasion to censure the ritualistic tendency and proceedings of some of the churches in the See of Kentucky. At the time of the meeting of the Evangelical Alliance in New York, in 1873, he was present, and took ecclesiastical action, which occasioned much discussion within the Episcopal denomination. Soon after he withdrew from his re- lations to the Protestant Episcopal Church, and originated a new ■ body, which is known as the Reformed Episcopal Church. The first General Council convened in the city of New York, December 2d, 1873, where all the necessary steps were taken for the efficient organ, ization of the new denomination. Later the Rev. Charles E. Cheney, of Chicago, was consecrated one of the bishops. Services were held in New York, and in other cities by Bishop Cummins. At the second General Council, which convened in New York in May, 1874, and of which Bishop Cummins was elected President, the following clerical delegates were present : — Bishop George D. Cummins, Bishop ^t-i.v-,3 -u^ J r fcitre \^\c\fo (Q,\OQ>mi{i\^ \D).. i.ciifls^^ t\;ij Dfvi'i'), iir,-, iu;,, BISHOP GEORGE D. CUMMINS, D. D. Charles E. Cheney, the Eev. Messrs. R H. Bourne, "W. V. Feltwell, Mason Gallagher, B. B. Leacock, T. J. ^TcFadden, Wm. McGuire, Johnston McCormack, Edward D. Neill, W. H. Reid, W. T. Sabine, Marshall B. Smith, Thompson L. Smith, Charles H. Tucker, J. D. Wilson, and Walter Windeyer. The churches represented were as follows : — First Eeformed Episcopal Church, New York ; Church of the Incarnation, Brooklyn; Christ Church, Chicago; Emmanuel Church, Chicago ; Christ Church, Peoria, 111. ; First and Second Ee- formed Episcopal Churches, Philadelphia ; Christ Church, Moncton, N. B. ; Church of the Rock of Ages, Littleton, Col. ; and the Re- formed Episcopal Churches of Washington, D. C. ; Ottawa, Canada, and Aurora, HI. The Eeformed church adheres to Episcopacy as a desirable form of congregational government, but not in obedience to divine edict. In all respects the Bible is made the sole basis of its doctrines and practices. What are considered doctrinal errors in the Episcopal belief, and especially ritualism in all its forms, are opposed by the members of the Eeformed Episcopal church. Its constitution and canons, after learned discussion, were adopted by the second Ceneral Council. A new Prayer Book was also discussed and adopted. Overtures for affiliation having been accepted from the English Free Church, clericatand lay delegates, including Bishop Cummins among the former, were appointed to a meeting of that denomination. Bishop Cummins is an erect, clerical looking gentleman, of pleas- ing manners and address. His head is intellectual, and the expres- sion of his face is cheerful and amiable. He is prudent and con- sistent in all his walks, and seeks to make not only his teachings, but his example a source of benefit to his fellow-men. As a preacher he is earnest and devout Assured in faith, he preaches it with the grasp of a learned mind and a fervent heart His action in retiring from his functions in the Episcopal church was conscientious and courageous, and in upholding the church which he has founded, he will, without doubt, give to it a zeal and piety which all men must respect 123 E,EY. THEODORE L. CUTLER, D.D., PA-STOR OF THE I^A-F^ITETTE AVEPftJE PHES- BYTJEKIA.TV CHXJKCH:, BKOOXCHiYN. IeV. DE. THEODORE L. OUYLEE, pastor of the La- fayette Avenue Presbyterian Ohurch, Brooklyn, is a man of marked characteristics of talent and energy. He is the son of a' lawyer, long since deceased, and was born at Aurora, New York, January 10th, 1822. He was graduated at Princeton College in 1841, his nineteenth year, and passed the following year in Europe. He amused himself while abroad with writing, for publication at home, sketches of travel and distinguished men. He was already an enthusiastic temperance reformer, and at Glasgow he addressed the citizens at the City Hall, on the occasion of the reception of Father Matthew. Returning to the United States, he entered Princeton Theological Seminary in 1843, and was graduated in May, 1846. After preaching for a short period at a~ small place in the Wyoming Valley, in the autumn of 1846, he accepteid a call to the Presbyterian Church at Burlington, New Jersey, and three years later, founded a new congregation at Trenton. In May, 1853, he aceepted a call to the new Shawmut Congregational Church, Boston, but the state of his health and other reasons induced him subsequently to decline it in favor of a call to the Market Street Reformed Dutch Church, New York. This pulpit had been for many years under the charge of Rev. Dr. Isaac Ferris, then Chancellor of the University of the City of New York. In April, 1860, Dr. Cuyler became the first pastor of the Lafayette Avenue Presbyterian Church, now one of the largest and most in- fluential congregations of Brooklyn. The present edifice, dedicated in 1862, is a splendid stone structure, in a select and commanding location, and, with the exception of the Rev. Mr. Beecher's, will seat more people than any church in the city. There are fifteen hundred and seventy-five members. It is not 124 Sag ^iDyAHKltcl"^"^^- /if,ISCII»3LIK S, DE ITAoS, IJ.D IIEWYOBK CONFEPiNCE , EEY. FRANK S. DE HASS, D.D., PA-STOIt OF THE JLiJEXITfGTOTf A.VE]VTJE METH- Or>Il9T CI-njRCII, NEW YORKL. IEV. DE. PEANK S. DE HASS was bom in Washing- ton County, Pennsylvania, October 1st, 1823. The family was originally German, being known by the name of Von Hass, and having three distinct branches, the year 1549, Baron Charles De Hass, the representative of one of the branches, removed to Strasburg, and, after the joining of the dukedom of Alsace to France, became the founder of the French noble family of that name. The arms of the city of Florence were awarded to him for his services in the conquest of Italy. Subsequently the family, who were Protestant, emigrated to Holland, and in 1772 some portion of them came to America, and settled in Pennsylvania. General Philip De Hass, of revolutionary memory, was an immediate ancestor of the subject of our notice. Dr. De Hass was graduated at Washington College, Pennsylva- nia, in 1839, and was licensed as a Methodist preacher in 1844. His first appointment was at Leesburg, Ohio, in July, in connection with the Pittsburg Conference. He was ordained deacon in 1846, and elder in 1848. In 1845, he was stationed at Murraysville, in Penn- sylvania ; in '46, "Weston, Va. ; in '47 and '48, Wheeling ; in '49 and '50, agent of Alleghany College ; in '51 and '52, Wesley Chapel, Pittsburg; in '53 and '54, agent of Tract Society of Methodist Church ; in '55 and '56, Trinity Church, Pittsburg ; in '57 and '58, secretary of Tract Society ; in '59 and '60, Seventh street. New York; in '61 and '62, Washington street, Brooklyn. He was ap- pointed to the Pacific street Church, Brooklyn, in 1863 ; and, three years later, went to the Metropolitan Church, in Washington City, where he remained three years. Among the attendants of this church were President Grant, Vice-President Colfax, Chief Justice Chase, and various other distinguished individuals. Two years were then spent with Trinity Church, Cincinnati, and two subsequent years EEV. FRANK S. DE HASS, D. D. in travel in Europe, Egypt, and Palestine. In the Holy Land secured a rare writing of the Book of Moses, found in a tomb, supposed to date a thousand years before Christ. He has made i voyages across the Atlantic. On April 1st, 1872, he was appoii to the Lexington Avenue Church, New York. He received degree of D. D. from Michigan University, in 1870. Dr. De Hass enjoys considerable reputation as an eloqi speaker. Various sermons at camp meetings are spoken of as gr in the extreme. On one occasion he chained the attention of S( four thousand persons for one hour and twenty minutes. He atten the General Sunday School Convention, held in London, in 1852 ; at one of the sessions made a speech of marked beauty and.poi His publications are several sermons. He is engaged in the prep tion of a historical account of the planting of Methodism in Y alley of the Mississippi. He has a well-proportioned figure, and fair hair and complex His face has a most amiable expression. The brow is round i high. His eyes are bright, and when he talks his countenance lij up with an intelligent animation. In his manners he is social genial, while there is always to be observed a certain measure well-conceived dignity. He is a man of strong feelings and \ deep sensitiveness. You can no more breathe upon a looking-g without leaving the evidence of it, than you can touch him witt striking the impression into his heart. In fact, his nature in respect has more of the sensitive delicacy of the woman than callousness and indifference common to the man. Everything si down into the recesses of the heart, there to send forth rejoicing sadness. Hence, as regards himself, he is scrupulously conside of every word and act, and it is to be seen that he is constantly greatly affected by all that occurs about him. He has a pecn tenderness of manners, and is cautious to give utterance to wounding word. Of course, a nature like this must be ra tame, submissive, and negative. It does not show an original, cided, governing temperament, but it may not be the less pleas winning, and controlling. And thus it is with Dr. De Hass. ^ find him the type of the least conspicuous and impressive kinc men, and yet his simplicity, his sensitiveness, and his gentlei never fail to interest those who come in contact with him, and the sources of his influence. His preaching shows the same characteristics. It is ext 136 REV. FEANK S. DE HASS, D. D. poraneous, and, -while simple and unpretending, is very emotional. His effort is not to make a showy discourse, but it is to give utter- ance to the heart's faith, hope, and love. The argument is not defi- cient in order or comprehensiveness, and it is frequently illustrated by effective and original similes. But this is the merest shadow of the power which springs from his mellow-toned words, his trembling lips, and sometimes glistening eyes. Sincere in the doctrines which he proclaims, filled with an ardent desire to impart them to others, and with a bosom overflowing with its sympathies and attachments, he speaks ^om the heart and to the heart. He seems to be searching for this member, where it may nestle shrinking, saddened, and .dead, that he Inay touch it with some quickening sense of courage, joy, and life. The preaching of Methodist ministers generally may be said to partake of this character. With Dr. De Hass, however, there is nothing of that high-wrought excitement, and that systema- tized pathos, so to speak, indulged in by so many of his ministerial associates. He discusses his subject with just sufficient animation to give force to his speaking, and his style of appeal to the feelings is as natural and unaffected as that of a mother to her babe. The inquirer for truth finds that the limits which exist between the pub- lic speaker and the auditor are quickly changed to the closer com- munion of friend with friend. 137 REY. THOMAS DE WITT, D.D., SENIOR 3PA.STOII OF THE CO]L.IjEGI^TE B r'OHMED CHXTRCH, NE^W YOKIC. )EV. DE. THOMAS DE WITT was bom at Kingsl Ulster County, New York, September 13th, 1791. was graduated at Union College in June, 1808, and at Theological Seminary of the Eeformed Dutch Churcl New Brunswick, being licensed for the ministry in June, 1^ His first settlement and installation was over the churches Hopewell and New Hackensack, Dutchess County, New York November of the same year. After a number of years spent in position, he removed to the city of New York, and was installed one of the ministers of the Collegiate Eeformed Dutch Church, £ tember 16th, 1827, of which he is now the Senior Pastor. Eev. Dr. Chambers, also one of the pastors of the Colleg Church, gives the following information regarding the Eefon Dutch Church of New York, commonly called Collegiate. " Tl he says : "the mother church of the denomination in this countr the oldest ecclesiastical organization in New York, having been for ed previously to A. D. 1640. For more than a century and a 1 this was the only Dutch church in the city, and, as the population creased, it multiplied its pastors and houses of worship. Subsequen when independent churches were organized, each under the charge a single person, this one, because of its plurality of congregations ministers, became popularly known as the Collegiate Church, altho' this title does not appear upon its record, and has no official auth ty. The first minister was the Eev. Everardas Bogardus, who Ci over from Holland in the year 1633. He was followed by ten other regular succession, who also came from Holland, and preached in Dutch language. In the year 1764 the Eev. Archibald Laidlie installed, with the express view of meeting the wants of those i required the service to be in English. All the ministers who i ceeded him preached in English only, except Dr. Livingston and 138 (^■m^^ TiE';'„ TKiSSC.f:!- EEV. THOMAS DE "WITT, D. D. venerated Dr. Kuypers, The last sermon in Dutch was preached in 1803. " The church of New York began its services in 1626, in an upper room, the spacious loft of a horse-mill, but after a few years erected a plain wooden building near what is now called Old Slip. In 1642 a much larger edifice of stone was put up within the fort, which stood on the plot of ground which has long been known as the Battery. Fifty years afterwards, the congregation removed to a new edifice in Garden street (now Exchange Place ), which had been built for their accommodation. This church, which, after being rebuilt of stone, in 1807, was destroyed in the great fire of December, 1836, was the first to receive a geographical designation. After a second place of worship had been erected in Nassau street, in 1729, and a third in William street, corner of Fulton, in 1769, the oldest building took the name of the South Church, the second that of the Middle, and the last erected that of the North, a name which it still retains, although it has been, for a number of years, the farthest south by a mile of all the Dutch churches on the island, the Middle having been relinquished for sacred purposes in the year 1844." There are eighteen congregations of the Eeformed Dutch persuasion in New York. Of these the most influential and wealthy are those of the three Collegiate Ohurchea Their property is of large value, and the revenue, besides supporting four distinguished and efficient ministers, is also liberally devoted to city and others missions. In 1857, the Consistory employed Mr. J. C. Lanphier, a person of great Christian excellence, as a lay missionary in the down-town wards. In the autumn of that year, Mr. Lanphier originated the celebrated " Noon Prayer Meeting," stil) held daily in the Consistory Building of the North Church on Fulton street, " the results of which have resounded through the Christian world, and produced an impression which will never be erased from the minds of the present generation." Dr. De "Witt has been some sixty years in the ministry, and forty- five in his present pastorate. He is not in active service now, from old age, though in the full possession of all his faculties and in good health. His name stands at the head of the roll of the graduates of the Theological Seminary of the Church. He is the only survivor of the five students with which Dr. Livingston opened the Seminary in October, 1810. Dr. De Witt has been promjnent in all the pro- ceedings of the church during his long career. He declined the pro- fessorship of Oriental Literature and Ecclesiastical History in the EEV. THOMAS DE WITT, D. D. Seminary, but in the Board of Superiutendepts he has done faitl sendee. For more than thirty years he has been a trustee Hutgers College, New Branswick. He is likewise a trustee Columbia College, New York, and from its early history he has I a member of the Council of the University of the city of New Y> His name is recorded among the founders of the Board of Educa of the Reformed ( Dutch ) Church, and a scholarship founded by munificent gift bears the name and perpetuates the memory c beloved son. He has been for years the President of the Boarcl Publication, also of the Board of Foreign Missions ; of the Amer and Foreign Christian Union ; of the New York City Tract Society ; Vice-President of the New York Historical Society. He recei the degree of D. D. from Eutgers College, in 1828. His masterj the Dutch language has made him extremely familiar with the tory and literature of his church. He has published various mons, with one of which is included an authentic history of Collegiate Dutch Church from its earliest period under the Di Colonial Government. The following extract from a sermon, entitled "The Christii Confidence in Committing his Soul into the Hands of the Eedeem gives a very correct idea of Dr. De Witt's style : "We learn the fbeeness, as well as obmatnebe, of the sdbiation which is in G Jesus. "It is, by Christ Himself, dearly purchased through His atoning sacrifice; bi the sinner it is the gift of free grace, proffered and bestowed ' without money without price.' The invitation at the close of the sacred volume is, ' The spirit the bride say come. And let him that heareth say come. And let him that is at] come ; and whosoever will, let him take the water of life freely. ' Jesus declared — ''. that Cometh unto me I will in no wise cast out.' Paul (in Eomaus iii., 22) stat ' The righteousness of God, which is by faith in Jesus Christ, is unto all and v all them that believe, for there is no difference; for all have sinned, and come s of the glory of Grod. ' Sinners under conviction are embarrassed, and do not dis and appreciate the entire freeness of the way of access to God on the throne of g through Christ, because they fail to distinguish between the warrant to believ Christ and the views and dispositions requisite to embrace that warrant. The rant to believe is simply and whoUy the free offer of the Gospel, in the freeness fullness of the blessings of redemption to all who will accept. It is a faithful saj worthy of all acceptation, that Jesus Christ came into the world to save sinr His only plea is, I am a sinner; his only claim, Jesus is the Saviour, able to save tc uttermost. The views and dispositions requisite to embrace Christ are alone a < and just conviction of guilt and sin, an utter renunciation of righteousness of own, and the refuge of the soul in the controlling desires to the needed, suitable, all-sufficient salvation in Christ. The convinced and seeking sinner, delivered f ■^his embarrassment, and discovering the new and living way in the freeness of di 140 REV. THOMAS DE WITT, -D. D. grace, comes to Christ in the entireness of cordial dependence, and free and full surrender. His language is — ' Just as I am, without one plea, But that Thy blood was shed for me. And that Thou bid'st me come to Thee, Oh, Lamb of God, I come ! 'Jiist as I am, Thou wilt receive, Wilt welcome, pardon, cleanse, relieve. Because Thy promise I believe. Oh, Lamb of God, I come !' " How wondrously great and free is this salvation. ' Carm, for all things are ready. Well may we exclaim, ' How shall we escape u? we neglect so qeeat salvation?' ' Dr. De Witt is a man of venerable, striking presence. Of a well- formed, stately figure, he has a countenance showing the most decided characteristics of the manly, upright nature. It is one of those faces that bespeaks the individual as truly and as clearly as the record of daily deeds. There is no disguise in it ; no measure of dissembling, even the slightest ; no expression which is not a correct index of the inward man. You see in him thg fair-dealing, out-spoken, incor- ruptible man, decided in his opinions, and living up to every precept that he inculcates. His mouth is rather large, and, being habitually compressed, gives his face, as a whole, a stern as well as decided look. The eyes, however, are ever soft and kindly, and at the same time searching and admonitory. About the brow are to be seen the best evidences of natural ability of the highest order. It is deep and wide, and has that rotundity noticeable in those of superior mental endowments. An examination of the character and capability of Dr. De Witt will prove him true in every particular to these con- clusions, drawn from his imposing and expressive physical structure. All his personal qualities are those of the Christian gentleman, and bis intellectual accomplishments are both varied and comprehensive. He is one of the foremost men, not only in his own denomination, but in the entire ministry. His long life has been given to a diligent and scholarly investigation of theological topics, and no man is more conversant with all doctrinal points than himself. He is in the strictest sense an expounder of the Scriptmes and of creeds, giving to them a thoroughly critical and learned analysis. In personal inter- course he is never other than dignified, but it is accompaflied with so much true courtesy and firiendliness that he occasions no restraint He ia an experienced discemer of character, and is quick to appreciate and encourage those traits tending to moral and religious worth. 141 ■REV. THOMAS I)E WITT, D. D. The young, especially, are subjects of his almost paternal atteni and his appearance and manners are well calculated to give forc^ his valuable and gentle counsels. Dr. De Witt is a citizen of the olden time, having little < geniality of spirit with the new era. Looking about him, he feel if he had been in a Eip Van Winkle sleep, so complete and ye rapid have been the changes wrought by what men call progress, memory is linked with the humble beginnings of half a century i and he finds it impossible to identify himself with the astonisl realization of the present. He talks about the past, he loves society of those who delight in its reminiscences, and in his study to be found its memorials in furniture, books, &c. We would have it understood that he is without appreciation of the mag cent results of the well-directed energy of his countrymen, but sin that he finds himself whirled into the midst of influences at varis with his habits and prejudices. Standing as he does on the verg the shore of life, he turns away from the noise and show of the ] less, reckless present, to the contemplation of the sober, reflec past. The follies, the sensations, and the peculiar teachings of hour do not attract him from his evening musings over the morr and noon of a life to be, until its sunset, a true illustration of substantial virtues of the earlier day. And to those who are wa ing the evening which he has reached, its closing glories seem to h lost nothing in splendor since the long-past but never-forgotten da To our view, the character of this godly and distinguished i meets exactly the poet's picture of the exemplary preacher, delineated in the following lines : "Would I describe a preacher, such as Paul, Were he on earth, would hear, approve, and own, Paul should himself direct me. I would trace His master-strokes, and draw from his design. I would express him simple, grave, sincere ; In doctrine uncorrupt, in language plain, And plain in manner; decent, solemn, chaste, And natural in gesture; much impress'd Himself, as conscious of his awful charge. And anxious mainly that the flock he feeds May feel it too; affectionate ia look, And tender in address, as well becomes A messenger of grace to guilty men." 142 REY. JACOB W. DILLER, D. D., RECTOR OF ST. I^TJItE'S JE1PISCOTPA.TL. CHXJRCII, BROOKOLiYlV. EV. DE. JACOB W. DILLEE was born at Lancaster, Pennsylvania, September 25tli, 1810. After pursuing a course of academic studies at the Flushing Institute, Long Island, under Eev. Dr. Muhlenberg, he remained for eight years an instructor in the Institution, at the same time preparing himself for the Episcopal ministry. He was admitted to deacon's orders in April, 1834, at St. George's Church, Flushing, by Bishop Benj. T. Onderdonk, and priest's in June, 1835, at St John's Church, Brooklyn, by the same bishop. From 1835 to 1838 he was assistant to Eey. Dr. (" Domine") Evan M. Johnson, at St John's, and in the latter year became rector of St Stephen's Church, Middlebury, Vermont, where he remained until June, 1842, when he entered upon his present rectorship of St. Luke's, Brooklyn. As* early as 1835 a parish, known as Trinity Church, was organized in the eastern section of Brooklyn, then a mere rural dis- trict, by Eev. D. V. M. Johnson, the present rector of St Mary's Church, Brooklyn, and a church was erected on what is now the site of St Luke's. The parish languished during several years under different rectors, and was finally abandoned, and subsequently the church was sold by the sheriff. In 1842, however, the parish of St Luke was organized, and the property was purchased, through the assistance of Trinity Church, New York, for the sum of four thou- sand dollars. Dr. Diller was called as the first rector, the church having twelve communicants. The congregation gained greatly in strength, and in 1853 an enlargement of the church was completed, at a cost of fifteen thousand dollars. A rectory was also built, cost- ing three thousand dollars. The whole property is free from debt, an encumbrance of thirteen thousand dollars having been paid in I864i • DuiaSg fweffty-one years of Dr. Diller's connection with St Luke's, up to 1863, there were 1,301 baptisms, 537 persons confirmed, REV. JACOB W. DILLEB, D. D. 1,095 new communicants, 248 marriages, and 705 burials, church services read by Dr. Diller from May, 1834, to June, ll numbered 984, and in St. Luke's, up to 1863, 8,887. Daily chi services have been held for many years, and Dr. Diller of&ci about one hundred and fifty times in the year. He is also the sn intendent of his own Sunday School.' The last annual report oi parish shows three hundred and forty communicants, and about hundred children in the Sunday School. Dr. Diller received his degree of D. D. from Middlebury OoU in 1861. He has published various sermons and pastoral addrei 'Dr. Diller is over the medium height, of broad, round person, very erect. His hair and whiskers are considerably sprinkled ■> an iron gray, and he shows his age in everything save the surpri vigor of the physical man. He walks with the firm, elastic trea a much younger person, and the severe toils of an extended more than ordinarily diligent ministry have rather developed 1 impaired a naturally robust constitution. Like all men who are merely hard workers, but cheerful workers, he has an abound overflowing good nature. In social life, if there is any possible ■ to penetrate you with a ray of sunshiile, he is pretty sure to ace plish it. A love of good, wholesome, refreshing cheerfulness be forth in his countenance. His eyes sparkle and laugh as he periences the enjoyment of animated conversation, always enricl it from his own never-failing resources of fancy, wit, and hur While thus a cheerful man, with a sprightly genial nature, and « seeking to find a silver lining in every cloud, still he exhibite departure from ministerial decorum. On the contrary, his up most thought is the discharge of his holy offices, and his whole has been a painstaking application of his energies to his Chris labor. But he is not one of those religious characters whom ^ invariably find in sackcloth and ashes, in sorrow, and tears, gloom. True to his God, his church, and his conscience, hopi and cheerful in earth's brief pilgrimage, he has seen no reasoi conquer a natural buoyancy of spirits which, to his view, dem strates a chief beauty of the regenerate heart. Dr. Diller belongs to the section of the Episcopal sect knowi " High Church," and is a most rigid observer of the ritual. He ta it in its strict letter and spirit, and rigidly enforces both' in all professional duties. His sermons, pastoral addresses, and Sabb school instruction are comprehensive expositions of the Episco REV. JACOB W. DILLEB, D. D. faith, and none who fall under his instroction fail to receive light re- garding every point of inquiry. This may even be called a pecu- liarity with him. He holds that every man, woman, and child should have a faith ; and, having one, should understand it. His own he accepts as the true interpretation of the Gospel, and with a scholarly address and a holy enthusiasm he proclaims it, lives to illustrate it,' and seeks to enlarge his beloved church. To be an ambassador of the Most High and a presbyter of the Protestant Episcopal Church with him is not a mere professional occupation, but it is to be a priest in its fullest religious sense. Principalities and powers, fame and riches, and all the world's allurements and glitter, do not weigh " in the estimation of a hair " with the perform- ance of the smallest of his ministerial functions, Fov him there is no human exaltation like that of rugged toil in the holy calling, and no human achievement like that of giving peace to the anxious soul. He preaches very effectively, but in a style altogether simple, and devoid of display. ' 145 HEY. MORGAN DIX, S. T. D., RECTOR OF TRINITY PARISH, NE^V YORK ) EY. DE. MOEGAN DIX is the son of Major-General J A. Dix, and was born in the city of New York in 16 He was graduated at Columbia College in the class 1848, and at the General Theological Seminary in the c of 1852. He was ordained deacon in St. John's Chapel, 1 York, in September, 1862, by the Bishop of New Hampsl and priest in St Mark's Church, Philadelphia, in 1854, by Bis Alonzo Potter, of Pennsylvania. His first position was as assistant to Eev. Dr. Wilmer, rector St. Mark's church, Philadelphia. In 1855, he became one of assistant ministers of Trinity parish, ISTew York; 1858, assis rector; and November, 1862, rector, having succeeded Eev. William Berrian. He received from Columbia College the de; of A. B., in 1848 ; A. M., in 1851 ; and S. T. D., in 1863. He published several devotional manuals, numerous sermons, an essa] Christian art, a commentary on the Epistle to the Eomans, and o writings. Trinity parish is the oldest church organization of New Y with the single exception of the Eeformed Dutch Collegiate Chui the last came of the early Dutch settlers, and the other came of English conquerors. About 1664, the first meetings were held public worship, in a chapel within a fort on the Battery. On the 6th of February, 1697, divine service was'first perforj in an edifice which had been erected on the present site of Tri church, on Broadway, at the head of Wall street The rector Eev. M. Yesey, who went to England and was married. He of&cii ably and faithfully for the long period of fifty years. In 1715, Qc Anne made a grant to the corporation of Trinity church, of cer land known as the "Queen's Farm," lying on the west side of IV hattan Island, and extending from St Paul's chapel. Broad-? northerly, along the river, to Skinner's road, now Christopher sti This property is now the heart of the business portion of the citi New York, and is of course of great value Some of it has t 146 REV. MORGAN DIX, S. T. D. sold by the church, and much of it is under long leases at merely nominal rents. The leases of a large number of lots held by Wm. B. Astor, worth millions, and only yielding a rental of some seventy dollars per year, expired in 1866. St. John's park property, an entire square opposite St. John's chapel, belonging to the corporation, and the property fronting it, was sold to the Hudson Eiver Eailroad Com- pany for a depot, at the handsome price of one million of dollars: The value of the property still owned by the church amounts to many millions. The corporation has had its title to this property as- sailed before the Legislature and in the courts, by persons who claim to be heirs of a certain Dutch woman named Anneke Jans, but it is not probable that they can ever be dispossessed. Grace church congrega- tion was much assisted in building their former church edifice on the comer of Broadway and Eector street, by the Trinity corporation. From 1745 to 1847, the loans, grants, &c., made by the corporation at the then value of land, exceeded two millions of dollars, which was more than two-thirds of the value of all that remained. Of this, one-half was leased at merely nominal rents, amounting to only four hundred dollars per annxim ; and there was a debt of four hundred and forty thousand dollars. The amount received from ground rents, pews, and other sources for many years never rose higher than $57,932 37, leaving a net income of only $33,130 to meet the ordinary expenses of the parish, the annual allowance to most of the Episcopal churches of the city, and many throughout the State. Trinity church was enlarged in 1737, de- stroyed by fire in 1776, rebuilt in 1788, then taken down, and in 1846 the present building was completed at a cost of $358,623 34. The church is entirely of brown stone and is one of the most mag- nificent in the country. St. George's chapel in Beekman street was erected in 1752. St. Paul's chapel, on Broadway and Fulton and Vesey streets, was completed in 1766. Its centennial anniversary was celebrated by the re-delivery, by Dr. Vinton, of the sermon preached as its consecration. It was built in the middle of a wheat- field, and its front was placed facing the Hudson river, as it then stood on its bank, though now several blocks distant from it. St. John's chapel, in Varick street, was completed in 1807, and at a more recent period Trinity chapel was erected in Twenty -fifth street All the churches erected by the corporation, with the exception of St George's chapel are still connected with the parish. There is, beside the rector, seven assistant ministers in charge of the different churches. 147 REV. MORGAN DIX, S. T. D, The Protestant Episcopal Church ia the United States has £ three bishops (six missionary), 2,900 clergy, or one bishop for e-s fifty-five clergymen, 225,000 communicants, 24,500 Sunday scl teachers, 230,000 Sunday school scholars, and contributes, for chi purposes, $5,600,000 annually. Dr. Dix is a tall, sparely-made person, with long, sharp featr His complexion is pale, and his composed expression approachei severeness. Like so many of this class, however, his face r generally lights up with animation when he speaks. Hfe is one ^ would be singled out of the crowd as a man of student life and li intellectual capacity. His head, in the upper sections, expands a it were a dome, and the calm, steady, intelligent eye speaks of massive brain within. He is a courteous, affable, high-toned gei man, and altogether jfree fi-om that affected dignity and supercili^ ness of which successful young clergymen are so often guilty. I the inheritor of an honored name, ambitious to attain eminenc( his profession, singularly fortunate in this advancement, yet he se to have thoroughly schooled himself in humility rather than at a arrogance. His professional and official associations are mostly 'n men much his seniors in life, but they find him their equal in abil and award him their admiration for his long-matured virtues. We regard Dr. Dix as one of the most promising of the Episc( clergy. He has already made himself , a reputation as a thinker speaker, among both ministers and people. His sermons are hig original productions, written in pure, beautiful, readable Engl The words have force, harmony, and fascinating eloquence, throughout the thought is profound. There is no slip-shod, frc declamation, but every page has received the impress of schola manly. Christian reflection. He is likewise an agreeable, grao speaker. There is something of a harshness about his fiiU, str voice when he commences, but this gradually disappears, and the is captivated by those careful modulations which show the finis orator. His gestures are few and simple, while always expressive impressive. Such, in brief terms, is a description of the talented rector Trinity parish. Already clothed with functions of commanding portance and influence, esteemed and honored in all past and pres relations of his social and professional life, he may well lay claim his fature career, to the proudest honors which the Church can stow. 148 EIKJiATUB BT S S WAGNER. inOM A DM:rn:EFXOTTPE BT TUCBSFiliS. REY. JOHN BOWLING, D. D., PJlSTOK of TUDB south BA.I»a?I©T CHXJItCH, fBV. DE. JOHN BOWLING was bom at Pavensej, on the sea coast of Sussex, in England, May 12th, 1807. This place is memorable as the landing place of William the Conqueror in 1066, and near the town of Hastings, lere the Norman Conqueror, soon after landing, triumphed over the Saxon monarch of England. Overhanging the house in which Dr. Dowling was bom may still be seen the ivy-crowned walls of Pavensey Castle, which once sheltered the soldiers of King William — even in his day an ancient ruin of Roman origin, covering several acres. Dr.- Cowling's parents and ancestors for several gen- erations were zealous adherents of the Established (Episcopal) Church of England. He removed, however, at an early age to Lon- don, and at seventeen became a member of the Eagle street Baptist church, under the care of Rev. Joseph Ivimey, the historian of the English Baptists. His youth was devoted chiefly to study and literary pursuits. At the early age of nineteen he accepted an ap- pointment as instructor in the Latin language and literature at the Chapham Rise Classical Institute, in the suburbs of London, and two years later he became instructor in the Hebrew, Greek, Latin, and French languages, in a similar institution in Buckinghamshire, under the care of Rev. Ebenezer West. In 1829, Dr. Dowling established a classical boarding-school in Oxfordshire, a few miles from Oxford University, which continued in a flourishing condition until he disposed of it for the purpose of re- moving to America. He frequently officiated as a preacher in the pulpits of the neighboring pastors. In 1832, he embarked with his family for the United States, where he arrived in safety. It was not long before he received a call to the Baptist church at Oatskill, where he was ordained November 14:th, 1832, and preached with success for two years. After this he 149 REV. JOHN BOWLING, B. D. passed two years at Newport, R I, and in August, 1836, was stalled as pastor of a Baptist congregation in New York, worshij in Gothic Masonic Hall. He also preached for some two or tl years as pastor of the Broadway Baptist church in Hope Chapel, at another period went to a church in Providence. In 1844, he first became pastor of the Berean Baptist churc! Bedford street. New York. After a ministry of eight years, in li he accepted a call to a church in Philadelphia, where he remai some time. In 1856, he resumed his charge of the Bedford st church, at their urgent and unanimous request. Subsequently, s many years of efficient service, he went to a church in Newark. a few years, but he is now the pastor of the South Baptist Chu New York. Dr. Dowling has been a somewhat prolific writer. While lii in England he published three school books, which for many y were in general use, and are still in use in some of the school Great Britain. He has published in this country the " Histor Ropaanism," ( a large octavo volume of 734 pages, of which s thirty thousand copies have been published and sold, ) " Powe Illustration," " Nights arid Mornings," " Judson Offering," etc. has also contributed largely to the religious and periodical litera of the day, written introductory essays to several works, and ] lished numerous anniversary sermons and college addresses. In 1834 he received the laouorary degree of A. M. from Bn ' University, and in 1846, soon after the publication of his " His' of Romanism," the degree of D. D. from Transylvania Univers Dr. Dowling has a large, round head, bald about the brow, wears heavy whiskers. His features are regular, and, while not ( large, are prominent, and expressive of the intelligent and hi^ moral man. His forehead is particularly high and broad. His ( are clear and penetrating, and at the same time that there isjcv thing gentle about them, as well as in the half smile which lin round the mouth, still his face likewise betokens a strong, inflexi stem character both in regard to principles and purpose. His n ners are cordial, and he is an putspoken man — always, however, t due regard to the feelings of others and a nice sense of propri There is a great deal of cheerfulness and humor about him ; and 1 a person well calculated to interest and fascinate the youthful as ' as those of matured years. Dr. Dowling's sermons are thoughtful compositions, deeply e 160 REV. JOHN BOWLING, D. D. tional, and full of religious fervor. His mind is thoroughly trained in theological discussion, and with this capacity he unites a heart overflowing with tender sympathies, and a nature completely infased with religious enthusiasm. Hence he preaches most effectively. He makes the doubtful points of doctrine plain, he kindles the emotions of his hearers from his own, and he is eloquent to a degree in pic- turing the bliss of the true and constant religious life. Dr. Dowling is in every sense an able and a valuable man. The abilities and fidelity of such men are the very rock and foundation upon which the church must rest her whole earthly superstructure. Working for the redemption of a fallen race and the glory of Grod, they are its faithful apostles and our perfect men. 151 REV. GEORGE B. DRAPER, D. D., RECTOn OF ST. A.T«rr>KE"W'8 E PISCOPAJL* ClIXJPtCH, (H^KUEM:,) NE"W yobk. I BY. DE. G-BOEGB B. DEAPBE was bom at Brattlebc Vermont, July 20th, 1827. His early studies were Trinity school, Few York. He was- graduated at Ooli bia College in 1845, and at the General Episcopal The gical Seminary, New York, in 1849. He was made dea the same year, at Holy Trinity Church, Brooklyn, by Bis Whitehouse, of Illinois, and priest in 1851, at the Church of Ascension, New York, by Bishop Chase, of New Hampshire. ofBiciated for one year as assistant of the Eev. Dr. C. S. Henry at Clement's Church, New York, while deacon, and then accepte call to St. Andrew's parish. He entered upon his duties July 2 1850, and has now been in charge of the parish for the term twenty-three years. The earliest movement for the establishment of an Episcc parish in the district called Harlem was in August, 1828, thro the exertions of the Eev. Dr. Wainwright, afterward^ Provisic Bishop of the Diocese, and who had a summer residence on the ban the East river, near Hurlgate. The subject was agitated, and sev meetings took place at a private house. Eeligious services v held in the school house in November, and the parish was duly ganized under the name of St. Andrew's Church, New York, Bel ary 4th, 1829. Eev. Greorge L. Hinton was called as the first rec who served until his death by cholera in the summer of 1832, w himself, wife, and child all died within a few hours. A donatio] eleven lots of ground on Fourth avenue was made by Charles He Hall, Esq., and six adjoining lots on One-hundred-and-twenty-i enth and One-hundred-and-twenty-eighth streets were purchased five hundred and fifty dollars for the whola The corner-stone < church edifice was laid by Bishop John Henry Hobart on the 6tl August, 1829, and the building was consecrated on the 7th of Ji 152 BEV. GEORGE B. DEAFER, D. D. 1880. The consecration was among tlie latest public acts of Bishop Hobart, who died on the 12th of September following. The whole copt of the structure was about four thousand six hundred dollars, of which there remained a debt of four thousand dollars in a mortgage on the property. At that time the church had twenty communicants. The Eev. Gurdon S. Ooit officiated temporarily as rector after the decease of the Eev; Mr. Hinton, and in October, 1833, the Rev. Abraham B. Hart accepted a call to the parish. In the summer of 1838, the iinances of the church were much improved by the pay- ment of the mortgage by Trinity church, a new one being given to that corporation for the same amount, on which they agreed to exact no interest In 1839 nearly twelve hundred dollars were paid for assessments on account of the opening and regulating of streets, which sum was raised by subscription among members of the con- gregation. The rector having resigned by reason of ill^health, the Rev. J. Eosevelt Bayley accepted a call in October, 1840. In April, 1842, Mr. Bayley resigned the rectorship, and soon after united with the Roman Catholic Church. He became a priest, and is now the emi- nent Most Rev. Dr. Bayley, Archbishop of the Roman Catholic See of Baltimore, Md. It may be mentioned that his father was the late Guy C. Bayley, M. D., one of the vestrymen of St. Andrew's, and that his grandfather, James Eosevelt, Esq., a wealthy old Knicker- bocker, disinherited him for what he deemed apostacy to the true creed, appropriating his portion to charitable purposes. In July, 1842, the Rev. Ralph Hoyt was called to the charge of St. Andrew's, who remained one year. In 1843 the Eev. Eichard M. Abercrombie was placed in charge, and in 1846 was called to the rectorship, which he retained until 1850. On the 6th of June, 1850, the Eev. George B. Draper, deacon, was called to the rectorship " so soon as he should have received priest's orders, and meanwhile to officiate as minister." Having been admitted to priest's orders, he entered on his duties as rector oni the 16th of March, 1851. The church property of St. Andrew's parish consists of sixteen' city lots, a little more than one half of which was used for burial purposes. The original church building stood on One Hundred and Twenty-seventh street, and was a neat structure of wood, with a high stone basement. It was three times enlarged during the term ©f the- present rector, and materially altered from the originall bmlding^ Ib» 153 REV. GEORGE B. DRAPER, D. D. 1851, a rectory was built on a line witli the rear of tbe clmrcl ward Fourth avenue. During 1867 fourteen thousand dollars raised by the congregation to pay for repairing and improving church property. In November, 1871, the church was destroyec lire. Subsequently the dead were removed from the graveyard, the purpose of erecting a new church on that site. In Decern 1872, 'the corner-stone of the new edifice was laid by the Bisho the Diocese. A fine stone structure has been erected, with a sea capacity of one thousand persons. At the commencement of Draper's term there were only thirty families, whereas there are : two hundred families, two hundred and fifty communicants, an Sunday School of twenty- two teachers and two hundred and : scholars. This church, like the others on the north end of the Island, originally largely attended by families in "Westchester cou: Many of the best known and wealthiest families of JSTew York that county have been among its parishioners. The congregatioi now so numerous that another parish has been organized. Dr. Draper received his degree of D. D. from Columbia Col in June, 1868. At one time he was editor of the Churchman's Mb ly Magazine, but his increasing parochial duties obliged him tc linquish the position. He is above the medium height, well-proportioned, and ei He has a head round and full in the upper part, with a thin narrow face. His features are regular, and there is an hone frankness, and good-nature in both his countenance and mam which are very attractive. Yon readily see that he is a man of g force and energy of character, though his labors are always ' formed in a mode the most circumspect and modest. Few men h bolder or better settled purposes than he, and still he ever goeg the " noiseless tenor " of his way in a manner unlike most those who are engaged in great public efforts. Dr. Draper is a preacher of eloquence and power. He ha mind of natural scope and vigor, and his life has been one of el investigation in the fields of theological and general learning. '. action of his mind is quick and keen, and his powers of elucidai and reasoning are such that he has no difficulty in making ev subject clear to the understanding of others. He is fair and fi-i in his style of argument; he searches out all obstacles and embarr; ments for you ; he presents the matter in every possible point 154 REV. GEOEGE B. DRAPEE, D. D. view, and even then he 'do&'3 not ask for your concurrence in his opinion until you have given a calm, mental consideration to this argument. His words are sincere and well meant ; he rises before the mind as the interested friend and affectionate brother ; he touches the susceptibilities by his gentleness, his frankness, and his fascina- ting intelligence, and thus it is that he wins souls to repentance. It is not in him to wound by a single expression, but his lips are truly annointed to heal ; it is not in him to repel, but to save. His calm and impressive delivery, his well chosen and fluent words, his simple but expressive gestures, are all potent in his public exercises. With an entire abnegation of the individual, he seems the impersonation of those endowments which exalt the mere human into the spiritual character. 155 KEY. T, STAFFOllD DROWNE, D.D., HECTOR OF ST. FAXON'S ( EPlSCOPA-l. ) CiHTRCH, BKOOJtXiYN. EV. THOMAS STAFFORD DROWNE, D. D., was bom at Fruit Hill, Nortli Providence, Rhode Island, on the 9th of July, 1823. He was graduated at Brown Uni- versity, Providence, September 8d, 1845, and at the General Theological Seminary, New York City, June 80th, 1848. ■ Immediately afterward, on July 2d, he was ad- mitted to deacon's orders in Grace Church, New York, by Bishop De Lancey, of Western New York ; and to priest's orders on July 1st, 1849, in the Church of the Holy Trinity, Brooklyn, by Bishop Whittingham, of Maryland. On the 1st of November, 1848, Dr. Drowne became Assistant Minister of the Church of the Holy Trinity, Brooklyn, in which position he continued for a period of nearly ten yfears, at the expira- tion of which, on the 22dof June, 1858, he was elected to the rector- ship of St. Paul's parish. This church was organized on Christmas Day, 1849, under the pastoral charge of the Rev. Isaac P. Labagh, being one of the religious movements in South Brooklyn, a portion of the city then but sparsely populateii Services were held for a short time in a room over a stable at the foot of Union street, when lots were procured, and a small edifice was erected in CaiToll street, be- tween Henry and Hicks streets. In the fall of 1850 there were only thirteen communicants ; but the congregation increased, and during the summer of 1852 the building was enlarged with transepts and a chancel. The Rev. Mr. Labagh having withdrawn to take charge of Calvary Church, in another part of the city, Dr. Drowne was called to the vacancy, and the parish has since enjoyed increased and con- stant prosperity. P ung 1860 the building was again enlarged and improved, with ?' ,^mgs for about six hundred people. When Dr. Drowne took c' ^rge in 1858, the number of communicants was under 156 REV. T. STAFFORD DBOWNE, D.D. fifty, but it bas steadily increased, imtil there are now four hundred and forty-five; while the number of families connected with the par- ish is two hundred, and of individuals nearly a thousand. The Sunday school contains over two hundred and fifty children : and the contributions diuing the past year for parochial and general objects have been nearly twenty thousand dollars. The steady growth of the congregation having rendered necessary a larger and better edifice, a new and more central site was obtained on the comer of Clinton and Carroll streets, and on the 2d of November, 1866, ground was broken for the present church. It was completed, and first used for divine worship, on the 19th of September, 1869 : and for appropriate design, massive and elegant woi-kmanship, and pleasing architect- ural effect, has few equals in our country. The dimensions are 145 feet in length, 72 in width, and 60 in height, with ample accommo- dation for a thousand persons. A commodious chapel has since been added, 85 feet in length by 34 in breadth, also of rich design, in harmony with the church, which was first occupied by the Sunday- school of the parish on the 15th of September, 1872. Since the erection of Long Island into a diocese. Dr. Drowne has filled the office of its Secretary, and been a meniber of its Stand- ing Committee, and also served on other, important committees and boards of trustees. In 1870 he was appointed the registrar and his- toriographer of the diocese. His interest in historical and anti- quarian researches has led to his election to membership in several State historical societies, the American Ethnological Society, and other literary bodies. In his library, which is very large and select, the works of the best authors of all times are to be found, in almost every department of theology, history, the fine arts, and general literature. Dr. Drowne has made architecture a subject of extensive study. He was intimately associated in these investigations with that eminent master of the art, the late Minard Lafever, and is the author of the letter-press of a work of deep research, issued under the name of the latter, and known, as "The Architectural Instructor," containing a history of architecture fi^om the earliest ages to the present time. Dr. Drowne has also published " A Commemorative Discourse, delivered on the completion of the Church of the Holy Trinity, December 19th, 1867, with Dlustrative Historical Notes," and an " Address at a Memorial Service," in the same church, November 26th, 1871, on the occasion of uncovering the mural tablet erected in memory of its 157 REV. T. STAFFORD DROWNE, D. D. founders. From time to time lie has contributed articles, theologic- al, critical, and historical, to various reviews, and he is a person of the most acceptable literary as well as artistic taste. "We make the following extract from a published sermon, entitled " The End of Pride," preached at the Church of the Holy Trinity, July 24th, 1858 : ' ' And looking at society in its best phases, and selecting its best examples, is there not too much groveling selfishness, and luxuribus living, and fashionable dis- play, and irreligious vanity ? Is there not, even among Christians, the professed disciples of a lowly and self-denying Master, too much extravagant self-indulgence and worldly conformity? One man prides himself upon his large estate, his splen- did equipages, his magnificent house, his beautiful paintings, his elegant furniture, and the number of servants he employs. Another congratulates himself upon his mental gifts, his literary reputation, his business talents, his mechanical skill or his graceful accomplishments. Another is puffed up -with his beauty, or his dress, or his polished manners, or his noble descent. What excess of foUy ! Why glory in that which is so transitory and worthless ? Why glory in that which is not thine, but which thou hast received as a talent from Q-od ? Boastest thou of wealth? It is always winged for flight, and may in a moment break away from thy grasp for- ever. Boastest thou of thy grace and beauty? They are as fading as the flower that charms at early morn with its loveliness, and before eventide is withered. Boastest thou of thy mental gifts ? They may be the very means of thy disgrace or thy destruction. Boastest thou of thy noble virtues, or thy deeds of liberality ? Thy very boasting deprives thee of respect, and renders them of no effect. "Alas ! what a sudden overthrow and complete destruction shall come at last to all this worldliness, and ostentation, and pride ! They must end. A man must reap what he sows. How soon in the dark charnel-house will be laid the pampered body, and to the darker abodes of the lost will descend the wailing soul ! The pro- phet's sentence will have its fulfilment anew — ' Thy pomp is brought down to the grave, and the noise of thy viols : the worm is spread under thee, and the worms cover thee.' , " After all, what is it that we get out of this world ? It is but the supply of our few necessities — a little food, a few pieces of raiment, a short-lived reputation, a narrow grave, and perhaps a monumental shaft, chiseled with a pompous eulogy. We can take nothing with us on our last journey. The hand that now clings so tightly to this world's baubles must loosen its hold as it stiffens in death. What a quick transition must there soon be from affluence to emptiness ; from gay laughter to utter silence ; from painted ceilings to dark coffins ; from all this beautiful and marvelous life to a little heap of dust ! ' Recently two young princes,' we are told, ' wished to see the remains of Gustavus Vasa, which lie in the vaults of the cathedral of Upsala. They obtained the consent of the King of Sweden, and the marble sar- cophagus was opened. But there was only the great man's skeleton, while the silk, and the velvet, and the brocade were yet fresh. The crown was there, and the sceptre, and the golden buckle, while precious stones shed a gleam through the ghastly chamber of the sepulchre. And this is the moral of all mere earthly good- even the highest. Its splendor decorates the heart that must soon cease to heave, and i-s pomp survives and mocks the mortal dust.' " 158 REV. T. STAFFORD DROWNE, D. D. Dr. Drowne is slightly above the medium height, compactly made, with an erect bearing and active movements. His complexion is light, and he has one of those faces in which the calm hopeful nature is most typified. All the features are good, and intelli- gence is strongly signified in his fair, broad brow, but the expres- sion which arrests you is a cheerful serenity. Withal, and strangely too, judging from his contemplative habits and scholarly tastes, he is one of your strong men for action — for resolution which trims and relights the torch of hope as often as the flame dies out. Uniformly gentle and courteous in manner, whenever occasion demands he is iron of purpose, and he is strong in courage. Slow to resolve, he is the more firm when determined ; and conscientio,us in his judgment, he is calm in accepting all the consequences of his opinions. Cheer- fully serene, not at all intent to individualize himself from the mass of his fellows, it might well be thought that the potter's clay were not more pliant But his character is as difi'erent from this as is the soft moss different irom the rock to which it clings. In the ordinary everyday life, walking the beaten path, he is not unlike other men — common-place men — men tame from want of originality — men no- thing because there- is so much of the same human material; but outside of the ordinary life, in that whirlpool of action where man- hood and resolution and hope must cleave down obstacles, and pluck success from the grasp of ill-fortune-^iu that sphere he is a man of new and nobler elements of character. As you put your foot on the sandy shore it settles, but is sometimes checked by the hidden stone; and so in the case under consideration ; many a one has found the strong foundations of manly character where there seemed the least evidence of it. Not the man to make a noise in the world, not the one to fascinate by showy qualities, and not the one to court no- toriety; and yet one influential from potent though unobtrusive merit, one unwavering and heroic in life's battle, and one ever teach- ing the lesson of cheerfulness and patient endeavor. In personal intercourse Dr. Drowne is genial and highly com- panionable. He has excellent conversational powers, and uses them with much freedom, though never obtrusively. His sermons are well-written productions, sometimes studied and elaborated, but usually partaking more of the simple-worded or devotional exhor- tation. He has a voice of fall compass, and altogether a pleasing and effective delivery. 159 REY. COMELIUS R. DUFFIE, D. D, HECTOR OF TH:^ CUXJKCH of ©T. JOHN BA.F- TIST, (i:i*lSCOI»A.X..) |)EV. DE. COENELIUS E. DUFFIE was bom in the city of New York, August 6tli, 1821. His father was the late Eev. Cornelius E. Duffie, who took holy orders late in life, and was rector of St. Thomas' Church, formerly on the corner of Broadway and Houston street, having been a leading 2!3 salt merchant. Dr. Duffie M'as graduated at Columbia College in 1841, and at the Episcopal General Theological Seminary, New York, in 1845. He was made a deacon in June, 1845, at Christ Church, Hartford, by Bishop Brownell, of Connecticut, and priest in 1848, in Trinity Church, New York, by Bishop Wittingham of Maryland. After being engaged for a short time in the parish of St Paul's at Sing Sing, he became assistant minister in Trinity parish, New York, and thus remained about two years. In the spring of 1848 he organized his present parish of St. John Baptist, in the upper part of the- city, with a few families. Preaching was held temporarily in a small chapel, and, ground having been donated, a free-stone church -edifice was erected on the corner of Lexington avenue and Thirty-fifth street, at a cost of some forty-five thousand dollars. The church was consecrated December 2d, 1856. There are now one hundred and fifty communicants, and one hundred and thirty children in the Sunday School. Dr. Duffie received his degree of D. D. from the University of New York in 1865. He was chosen chaplain of Columbia College in 1857, and still officiates daily at the College. His publications consist of various occasional sennons. Dr. Duffie is about the medium height, equally proportioned, and is energetic and active in his movements. His head is of the ordinary cast of an intelligent man. His expression is amiable, and his man- ners are quiet and plain. He is a serious, reflective person, and at no time yields to any especial vivacity. In the domestic circle and 160 KEV. COEKELIUS E. DUFFIE, D. D. in the society of children he shows a genial, cheerful disposition, but he is not a man with whom a veiy close intimacy is likely to be formed. This is not because he is naturally of a cold or repulsive nature, but simply because he seems thoroughly absorbed in his own thoughts and religious duties, and altogether indifferent to every- thing else. You see in all his conduct that he is a deeply conscien- tious man. His simplest acts are subjects of reflection, and he does nothing until it has received the sanction of the inward monitor. His personal discipline in this respect is rigid in the extreme. He makes no compromises with conscience, but boldly marks out the line of honorable and Christian duty, and this his feet always tread. Hence those who know his character hold his counsel and example in the highest possible esteem. Dr. Duffie's sermons are excellent religious and moral lessons. Nothing could be in better taste of its kind, or could it be delivered with more propriety and circumspection as to time and place. He is a calm preacher; there is no emotion and no excitement, but much sincerity and devoutness. Dr. Duffie is a good and pious man. He has led a blameless life, and is a hard worker. His diligent services in his rectorship, and his excellent example as a man and a citizen are subjects of unqualified appreciation by all persons a6- quainted with his career. 161 REV. JOSEPH T. DURYEA, D. D., I»A.STOK OF THE C1L.A.ISSON ^VUNUE PKESBY- TE:H.IA.]V CMUKCH. BROOXtl^YN. EY. DE. JOSEPH T. DUEYEA was born at Jamaica, N. Y., Dec. 9th, 1834. He is of Huguenot descent, and his ancestors were of those who fled from European oppression to plant settlements in the Ni-w World. His earlier studies were piirsued at Union Hall, a celebrated academy of the village. He subsequently went to Princeton College, where he was graduated in 1856, and three years later closed his theological course at the seminary of the same institution. Being of a literary turn of mind, and a proficient in music, he early formed a plan of going to Chicago and starting a paper and opening a music and book-store. Three friends, however, without consultation with each other, strongly urged him to prepare for the ministry, which he at length concluded to do. He was licensed in the autumn of 1858, prior to his gradua- tion, by the Presbytery of Nassau. In 1859 be was ordained by the Presbytery of Troy, and installed as pastor of the Second Presbyte- rian Church, Troy, where he remained three years. During this period he was invited to prominent churches in New Orleans, Cincinnati, Cleveland, Chicago, San Francisco, and New Yort, but he could not be induced to leave his pleasant and highly successful field until compelled to do so by his health giving way to the severity of the climate. He was thoroughly prostrated, for a considerable part of the winter, by a neuralgic affection, and it became evident that he must seek restoration elsewhere. In April, 1862, he accepted a call to become one of the pastors of the Collegiaite Eeformed Dutch Church, New York, long before tendered. By a providential circum- stance, his removal from Troy took place just preceding the great fire, which destroyed so much of the city, and, among other buildings, HEV. JOSEPH T. DTJRYEA, D. D. the Second Presbyterian church and the house in which Dr. Duiyea had lived. Among other matters, in which he interested himself, was the work of the Christian Commission in the army. After going as a delegate into the field, he returned, and was chosen to address meetings in New York, Washington, and other important points, held to give the public the benefit of the observations of those who had become familiar with the actual operations of the Commission. Dr. Duryea showed great zeal in all branches of the labor under- taken by him, and his addresses were characterized by much interest of statement and eloquence of appeal. Several years since, Dr. Duryea accepted a call to the Classon Avenue Presbyterian church, Brooklyn. He has gathered a large and influential congregation, and he is regarded as one of the foremost of the many able ministers of tliat city. In December, 1873, Dr. Duryea received a call to the Madison Square Presbyterian church, New York, to be the successor of the Eev. Dr. Wm. Adams, and was offered a salary of eight thousand dollars, with two thousand additional for house rent Not only did his congregation in Brooklyn oppose Ms acceptance of this call, but a large public meeting was held, at which speeches were made- by different clergymen, and resolutions adopted urgently soliciting him, in behalf of the entire Christian community, not to abandon the field in which he was then so efficiently laboring. Shortly before the close of the meeting, the following letter, giving the information that he had declined the call, was received and read : — To TBE Session op the Classon Avbnue Pbesbytbeian Ohdeoh : — Deab Bbetbben — At our last meeting I informed you that I had received a call to the pastorate of the Madison Square Presbyterian church, New York, and although I had neither desire nor conTiction of duty inclining me to seek a separation from you, yet certain circumstances made it necessary that I should give this matter care- ful consideration. I have used all the means appointed by the Lord for the guidance of his ministers, and have concluded that it is my duty to remain where Providence has placed me. I have communicated my decision to the Madison Square church by a letter sent yesterday evening, to be delivered to-day. I hope the Lord will manifest approval and bless us together as pastor and people. Yours, most faithfully, JOSEPH T. BUBYEA. Bbookltn, Dec. 16th, 1873. Dr. Duryea is a handsome, intelligent appearing person, with a tall, erect, well-made figure. His featui-es are as regular as if sculp- tured in marble by the hand of art; and while his glances' fall soft 163 EEV. JOSEPH T. DURTEA, D. D. and gentle as moonbeams, ever and anon they are wont to kindle and sbow the fires that burn within the aspiring, daring, hoping heart. The expression of the face is that of mingled amiability and thought- fulness. Serene and kind, it is also serious and reflective. His man- ners are unassuming, and, indeed, somewhat reserved, while showing no lack of confidence or culture. He talks well, with much cheer- fulness of disposition, a lively appreciation of genial and intelligent companionship, and great judgment and reflection regarding learned subjects. He is a fine singer, and performs on several instruments, and, as may be surmised, delights in discreet social enjoyments. At the same time, it can very well be seen that his impulses and all his desires are toned and kept entirely subordinate to the sacred mission to which he had devoted himself, and to the attainment of that con- spicuous scholarship to which he aspires. The selection of Dr. Duryea to be one of the pastors of the Col- legiate Dutch Church was a marked compliment to his piety and talenta He was asked to fill the place once occupied by a Livingston, a Kuypers, a Knox, and a Brownlee, and to be the colleague of a De Witt, a Vermilye, and a Chambers. These were of the immortal dead and of the illustrious living of one of the most ancient and in- fluential church organizations of the United States, and he who was called to its service must come as all his forerunners had come; noted for personal virtues, tried in the faith of the Gospel, and eminent for theological attainments. To such a position Dr. Duryea was invited, and under such circumstances he entered the pulpits of the Collegiate Church. Young, and modest in his nature, he might well have shrunk from the task before him without the slightest aspersion upon his scholarly qualificationa He might with justice have chosen the humbler walk of the inexperienced minister rather than a station made illustrious, through a period of more than two centuries, by pre-eminent godliness and learning. But, no ; gladly, proudly, and courageously he took his place at the olden altars, where clustered the memories of the fathers gone before, and where stood other aged and worthy watchmen of Zion. His ambition was stimulated, not satisfied ; he was inspired, not abashed ; he consecrated himself more thoroughly to God's work, not forgetting humility as his own first example. Dr. Duryea is a preacher of remarkable effectiveness. His sermons are argumentative ; they go to the length and breadth and depth of principle, and still every word is earnest, graceful eloquence. He EEV. JOSEPH T. BURTEA, D. D. stands erect, looking the embodiment of conscious power, while his brain and heart are overflowing with the theme to which he has ad- dressed his thoughts. In writing he has comprehended all that he desired to say, and he has the art of reasoning and the force and beauty of language to make others comprehend it also. In speak- ing he feels, and, shows th»t he feels, ,the truths that he declares, and bis clear voice and perfect gesticulation cany his meaning direct and full to the conviction of the listening observer. Not a word falls barren of emphasis and effect, and as he proceeds, employing attitude as well as utterance, he sweeps irresistibly onward to the grand climax of , the^ hearer's full subjugation in heart to his eloquence, in mind to his wisdom. He seems to impose upon himself the elucida- tion of difficult texts, and the expounding of great principles. Ab- sorbed, and yet quick to think in the study, he is all ease, eagerness, and eloquence in the pulpit .Going downward to the foundations of logic, he raises upward, where inspiration and faith allure his souL Speaking, gifted with all manly graces, his talents give splendor to Christian oratory, 165 REY. THEODORE A. EATOK, RECTOR OF ST. CJLiEIMCElVT'S EPISOOrAX. CUTJRCH. ^EV. THEODOEE A. EATON was bom in Boston, Massachusetts, August 3d, 1821, and is the sou of the late Eev. Dr. Asa Eaton, for many years rector of Christ Church in that city. After a course at St Paul's College, College Point, Long Island, he entered the Episcopal General Theological Seminary, New York, and was graduated in 1848. He was made a deacon in the same year by Bishop Delancey, at Grace Church, in this city, and in 1849 was made priest, by Bishop Doane, at Grace Church, Newark. His first position was as assistant at the latter church, where he remained from 1848 to 1850. In the latter year he accepted a call to his present rectorship at St. Clement's Church, corner of Amity and Macdougal streets. This congregation was organized about 1830. Public services were held in a hall in Barrow street, until a church edifice was erected on property purchased on the corner of Amity and Mac- dougal streets, then considered one of the most eligible sites in the city. The first rector was Eev. Dr. Lewis P. Bayard, who was with the congregation about ten years, and during which time it greatly increased, and became one of the most flourishing in New York. Rev. Dr. E. N. Meade was rector for about seven years, and Rev. Dr. C. S. Henry for three years, the last being succeeded by Mr. Eaton. There are now some three hundred communicantB, and about one hundred children in the Sunday school. This congregation has experienced the vicissitudes of aH the down-town churches. The up-town migration of the inhabitants has almost totally changed the congregation from what it was in former days, and, as a consequence, impaired its numerical strength and influence in no small degree. Mr. Eaton is of the average height, with a rotund, though not dis- proportioned figure. He has a large, round head, delicate features, and fair complexion; and, while he has a considerable degree of 166 EEV. THEODORE A. EATON. reserve and dignity about him, he is sufficiently genial to put all persons on easy terms with himself. He is decided in his purposes and firm in his opinions, but at the same time he is in no measure to be regarded as a stubborn or self-opinionated person in the common acceptation of those terms. He has very clear conceptions of the line of duty, and his conscience is kept not less clear by his manner of performing all that is required of him. He is not a man of parade, nor is he one of an especially demonstrative character, but you are never at a loss to know just where to find him on every question and in regard to every obligation. He is as true as steel, honorable to the letter, and faithful to the uttermost And all this comes as a matter of course, for it is simply his natural character. Such men exercise the largest extent of moral influence. "Where others fail with effort, they succeed with none. Their consistency of life, their inflexibility of character, and their total want of everything like pre- sumption, secures them the confidence of their fellows, and makes them bright and accepted moral examples. In their modesty such persons hardly understand their own importance. Their influence is a silent force : it is not exercised for any selfish end, and it is shown more in their personal discipline and conduct than in any other way. In the case of Mr. Eaton, his ministerial life is unobtrusive ; he has no notoriety, and, in fact, little public fame, and still he has an integrity of principle and a purity of character which have given him an importance and value as a teacher and guide, with those who know him, far beyond that which is allied to a more prominent public position. Mr. Eaton is a preacher of a thoroughly sober, practical styla He is never carried away with his feelings, never shows the slightest impulsiveness, but delivers calm, thoughtful, sensible lessons upon faith and duty. His expositions in faith are particularly clear and beautiful. Without being illiberal or bigoted, he is a thorough churchman, and nothing gives him greater pleasure, or more power- fully appeals to all his reasoning faculties, than the explanation of the doctrines of his beloved church. He has a good voice, appro- priate gestures, and altogether his delivery is quite effective. 167 REY. DiYID EINHORI, PH. D., rt A.BBI OF THE TEMIPI^E BETH EIL<, TSEW YOBK:. )EV. DR. DAVID BINHORlSr was bom in Dispec, Bavaria, November lOth, 1809. He studied at the Uni- versities of Erlangen, Wurzburg, and Munchen from 1828 to 1834. He was first connected with synagogues in the Grand Duchies of Birkenfeld and Mecklenburg -Schwerin, Later he became Rabbi of the Reform Congregation at Pesth, whose synagogue was closed by order of the Emperor of Austria, as he regarded their reform doctrines as one of the fruits of the revolu- lution of 1848. Dr. Einhorn determined to remove to the United States, and iu 1855 reached Baltimore, Maryland, where he remained in charge of a synagogue for seven years and a half. He became deeply interested in the slavery question, taking extreme abolition views, and made himself very conspicuous, and, to some extent, un- popular by his preaching and writings on the subject. Eor seven years he published a monthly magazine, called Sinai, devoted to the cause of reform Judaism, but in which he also wrote strongly against the institution of slavery. When the war finally broke out he was obliged to leave Baltimore. He then went to Philadel- phia, as rabbi of a prominent congregation,, where he remained five yeara In 1866 he was called to N"ew York to become the first rabbi and preacher of the congregation "Adas Jeshurun," which was organized at that time. A spacious temple was built on Thirty^ ninth street, near Seventh a,venue, which was much improved in the summer of 1873. In the latter part of that year arrangements were made for a union of the " Adas Jeshurun " and " Anshi Chased " congregations, the latter of which had recently completed and dedicated a new temple on the corner of Lexington avenue and Sixty-third street This old congregation of New York worshiped originally in "White 168 street, from which, place they moved into Elm street, where they built Their next move was into Henry street, where they also built, but afterward sold their synagogue to another Jewish congregation, and in May, 1850, dedicated a new house in Norfolk street. After nearly a quarter of a century they removed to the splendid temple on Lexington avenue, which was dedicated September 12th, 1873, and cost about two hundred and fifty thousand dollars. The united congregations took the name of the Temple Beth El, and Dr. Binhorn was elected to the position of rabbi. Dr. Einhorn is the author of the " Olaih Tamid," a prayer book, and the ■' Ner Tamid," a religious book. The first passed through three editions ii) the Hebrew and -German, when Dr. Einhorn issued it in English translation, with some emendations. Another work by him in the German is entitled '^ Das Princip des Mbsaismtcs." Many of his sermons have been issued in pamphlet form also in the German. Dr. Einhorn is of the medium height and sparely made. His head, though not large, shows very decided intellectual development, and his eyes, especially, light his face with a striking and pleasing in- telligence. In his manners he is polite ; but it is always to be ob- served that he has the seriousness and reserve common to scholarly men. He is circumspect and exact in his own demeanor, and in all the duties of life, Consequently those who approach him are impressed by the dignity of his bearing as well as his learned and exalted character, making his influence very great with all ages and classes. He is one of the most advanced of the Judaic reformers. In Europe his views made a deep impression upon the people, and, as has been stated, were thought dangerous to monarchical government itself Since his arrival in the United States, he has spoken with even more power, and with an enlarged scope of learning, for his thoughts were free, and the field grand enough to inspire him for the utmost efforts by both energy and mind. A man who was willing to sacrifice so much for his doctrines at home, and one who resolutely undertook a crusade against American slavery under the circumstances which he did, has certainly those qualities which are most effective in all reform movements. Obstructions, defeats, and gloom are all as nothing to the brave and hopeful spirit of a re- former, like Dr. Einhorn ; but, on the contrary, act as incentives to a stronger courage and a more laborious toil. 169 BEV. DAVID EINHOEN, PH.D. Dr. Einhorn is a very interesting preacher. He is not only a learned man, bat a very pious one. Hence lie teaches with the largest amount of scholarly explanation, and at the same time imparts to all that he says the solemn irapressiveness belonging to religious truths. His manner and tone are characterized by much earnestness, showing the deepest conviction in regard to his subject on his own part, and his heartfelt desire to make the occasion profitable to those who hear him. Modest in the actions of his whole life, and seeking only the highest religious development of the Jewish people, and indirectly of the community at large, still his profound erudition and his great success entitle him to the wide fame which he enjoys. 170 REV. JOSEPH F. ELDER, PA.ISTOR OT^ THE Bi:A.I>I©OTV AVENUE BA.I>TI©T CHTJKCH, NEW YORK:. > EY. JOSEPH P. ELDER was born in Portland, Maine, March lOth, 1839. His academic studies were at the Portland High School, where at an early age he gave evi- dence of considerable mental capacity. In 1860 he was graduated at Colby University, at Waterville, Maine, which was then known by the name of Waterville College. After leaving college he engaged in teaching. In the autumn of 1861 he was licensed to preach by the Free-street Baptist Church of Portland, of which he was a member. Subsequently he took a theological course at the Rochester University, from which institution he was grad- uated in 1867. He was ordained and installed pastor of the Baptist Church at North Orange, New Jersey, May 1st, 1867, where he re- mained until called to his present pastorship in New York. He en- tered upon the discharge of his duties as pastor of the Madison-avenue Baptist Church January 1st, 1869. This congregation is a union of the Oliver-street congregation with one having originally the title of the Madison-avenue Baptist Church. They occupy one of the handsomest church edifices in the city on the corner of Madison avenue and Thirty-first street. It is built of brick, with a square tower rising about twenty-five feet from the front The galleries are supported by a series of Corinthian columns, and the whole arrangement of the interior is peculiar and tasteful. One thous- and two hundred persons can be accommodated with seats. A ques- tion has arisen as to which of the original congregations hold the title to the property, which has been for some time before the courts for settlement It is merely a legal point, not involving any change or unpleasantness in the present congregation. Rev. Dr. Henry Gr. Wes- ton, who, in 1859, had been called from Peoria, Illinois, to the Oliver- street Church, became the pastor of the new Madison avenue, and so remained until 1868, when he accepted the presidency of a theologi- cal seminary. The pulpit was vacant until Mr, Elder was called EEV. JOSEPH F. ELDER. Mr. Elder is of the average heiglit, with an equally proportioned and erect figure. He has a head of fair size and form, with the in- tellectual peculiarities most strikingly developed. His features are regular, and expressive of amiability and decision of character. His manners are courteous, but not warm. In fact, for a young man, he has a great deal of dignity. He is composed and assured, and seems always to think before he acts or speaks. He shows stamina of char- acter and much self-possession, but no forwardness. Let him advance an opinion, and he will maintain it with an intellectual comprehen- sion which no one can dispute ; or.give him a work to perform, and he will display marked resources of judgment and nerve. But in the same instances you wUl be quite as much struck with the entire modesty of his personal bearing, and his disposition to underrate rather than to magnify his own ability and labors. He has ambition, but it is not a mere reckless zeal for position and power. It is under the government of both good-breeding and sound reason. Never ashamed of his powers, and never feeble in his mode of ac- tion, still he is not disposed to thrust himself into prominence. As you look into his countenance and notice his half-averted eyes, or listen to his calm, measured utterances, you can have no doubt as to these traits of his character. Cheerful in disposition, and interesting in conversation, he is sufficiently engaging to give zest to all inter- course with him ; but you become convinced that one great merit of the man is in an inner nature of high moral and intellectual man- hood. He is a very satisfactory preacher. He has an earnestness and sincerity in his words and manner which greatly impress the hearer. The oftener you hear the better you are pleased. He does not tire you with old sayings, but he has fresh ideas, and genuine heart and truth in the application which he makes of them. You see that he is a student and a thinker, for all that he writes or says has the strength of scholarly thought about it, and you see that he is a keen ob- server of men and the world's affairs. The promise of his future is brilliant for himself and the denomin- ation to which he belongs. Industrious, well-balanced in mind, dis- creet, and conscientious in conduct, he may safely be trusted with the duties and obligations of the conspicuous places of the ministry. Conceit, pride, and public applause will never overthrow him. Strict in principle and wise in judgment, he will stand strong in every step to a fame, won by great, though always modest talents. 172 REV. WILLIAM T. ENYARD, PASTOR OF THE NORTH IlEE^ORlklED CHiTJRCH. J3ROOK:i-.^r]V. lEV. WILLIAM T. EISTYAED was bom in the city of l^ew York, in August, 1836. He prepared for college at the Academy at "West Bloomfleld, JSTew Jersey ; was graduated at Eutger's College, New Brunswick, in 1855, and at the Theological Seminary at the same place in 1858. In the summer of tha same year he was ordained, and in- stalled as the pastor of St. Paul's Eeformed Church, Mott Haven, Westchester County, New York, where he remained seven years. One of the interesting circumstances of Mr. Enyard's ordination and installation was that the charge to the pastor was delivered by the late Eev. Dr. James B. Hardenburg, who had baptized him in his infancy, as his parents were members of the old Frankhn Street Ee- formed Dutch Church, of which Dr. Hardenburg was so long the pastor. Mr. Enyard's ministerial labors gave great promise from the outset. A young man of marked talents, unwearying energy, and popular manners, his work was earnest and efficacious in the highest degree. At length he received a call to the pastorship of the North Eeformed Church, located on Clermont Avenue, Brooklyn, as the successor of the distinguished (now deceased) Eev. Dr. Anthony Elmendorf, which he accepted. His official connection with this church commenced in August, 1865, and on Tuesday evening, Oc- tober 24:th, 1865, he was duly installed. The North Eeformed Church is the result of the pious labors of Dr. Elmendorf. In 1848 he accepted a call to Brooklyn from the Bedford Eeformed Dutch Church. After a service of two years and a half he resigned the pastorship, and the organization was subse- quently altogether abandoned. Dr. Elmendorf now entered upon what was the great work of his life. In March, 1851, he commenced religious services in a small frame building in Adelphi Street, which he had hired at a weekly rent of five dollars ; and, in the following 173 BEV. WILLIAM T. ENTAED. Afay, the North Reformed Dutch Church was organized, with thirty- seven members. At the period named, the population of that section of Brooklyn was exceedingly small and scattered, and the prospects of the new congregation for several years were exceedingly unfavor- able. It was nothing but the devoted self-saciifice and indomitable perseverance of the pastor that kept the enterprise from coming to a premature termination. After all the expenses were paid. Dr. Elm- endorf s salary for the first year was twenty-seven dollars and fifty cents. He was driven to the necessity of mortgaging his private property. He stated to the writer hereof, just prior to his death, in alluding to these trials, that at times he was discouraged to perfect sickness of heart, yet never to utter despondency. At length lots were procured, and on May 30th, 1852, a chapel was dedicated. Affairs were now in such a condition that he received a regular call to be the pastor of the congregation, and Ms installation took place July 4th, 1852. He had been invited to a flourishing church in Philadelphia, but he declined the invitation. In 1853 his health failed him, and he went abroad, spending six months in agreeable travel in Great Britain and on the continent The corner-stone of a fine church edifice on Clermont Avenue was laid June 25th, 1855, and the church was dedicated on the 27th of the following December. The property cost about thirty-five thousand dollars. An encumbrance of five thousand dollars remained until January, 1864, when it was discharged, leaving the church fi-ee from debt. Within a recent period, sine? the calling of Mr. Enyard, the church has been much improved, both in the exterior and interior. A large sum was spent in these improvements, making the building compare favorably with any of the other fine churches for which Brooklyn is noted. During Dr. Elmendorf's ministry, the number of members reached as high as nearly five hundred, and the Sunday -School had between 3ix and seven hundred children. Two remarkable revivals took place, and seventy-five persons were admitted at one communion. Broken in health. Dr. Blmendorf retired from the pastorship in May, 1865, and in the following February closed his noble hfe in a Christian death. There are now about five hundred and forty members, and the Sunday-School has between four and five hundred 3hildren. Mr. Enyard is tall, well-proportioned, and erect. He moves with % T>Eri OF THE SOUTH X.ONG ISL.AJVD DISTltlCT, NEAV" YOKIC E^ST COWrEREIfCi:. 'EV. CHARLES FLETCHER was born in Yorkshire, near Leeds, England, January lOtTi, 1811. His busiaess was that of a wool buyer and woolen manufacturer, but he exercised the functions of a Methodist local preacher among the Wesleyan Methodists in the Bramley circuit, ad- joining Leeds. In 1840 he came to the United States and en- tered into business, and during 1841 traveled extensively in the South and Southwest From 1842 to the spring of 1845 he was a local preacher in Dutchess county, New York, when he entered the New York Conference, but retired from it in the autumn of the fol- lowing year, by reason of ill health. In 1845 he was stationed at East Hartford. He was admitted to the New York East Conference in 1852, and appointed to Summerfield Chapel. This was a new Methodist organization in "Washington avenue, Brooklyn, started by himself with eight members, but which is now a large and flourishing congregation. His subsequent appointments have been as follows — viz.; 1853, 1854 Binghamton, Connecticut ; 1855, 1856, Bridgeport ; 1857, 1858, Seventh street, New York ; 1859, 1860, Twenty-seventh street. New York ; 1861, 1862, Mamaroneck ; 1863, Meriden, Con- necticut, and in 1864 at the Sands street Church, Brooklyn. He has held other appointments, and in 1872 he became presiding elder of the South Long Island District, New York East Conferenca Methodist itinerants began to visit Brooklyn as early as 1784, preaching occasionally in private houses. In 1793 the first Metho- dist church, a small frame building, was erected on the site of the present Sands street church. This house was dedicated by Rev. .Joseph Totten, June 1st, 1794. Three years later Brooklyn was formed into a separate charge, with a membership of twenty- three 193 EEV. CHARLES FLETCHER whites, and twenty-seven colored. Eev. Joseph Totten was the first stationed minister. There are now thirty-four Methodist churches in Brooklyn. Mr. Eletcher is a large, tall gentleman ; broad-shouldered, heavy- boned, and, altogether, a very fine specimen of physical development. His head is of fitting size for his large body ; and, while the counte- nance is not characterized by any striking marks of intellect, it has an openness and benevolence which are not less attractive. He is not one from whom anything brilliant or unusual in words and deeds is to be expected, but to-day and always he will be found a man of the most practical qualities of mind, and of honorable, straightforwai'd -conduct. He has a great deal of deliberation and thoughtfulness of manner ; and, while he is entirely courteous, is neither communicative nor genial. In a word, he is one of those sedate,, old-fashioned per- sons never to be changed from old ways and old opinions, and never carried away by any impulse or excitement, but showing admirable consistency in all things, and an appreciable amiability. The following is a brief sketch of Mr. Fletcher, written by a person intimate with him : " This gentleman is much above mediooiity, as a preacher. Exceedingly well balanced in his mental attributes, with scholarly tastes and considerable cultivation, his sermons are generally of a high order. He possesses clearness of style, consid- erable analytical power, with a fancy well cultivated, but not very sprightly. His preaching is characterized by dignity, strength, and manliness, without great bril- liancy or originality. He is retiring in his habits, meditative, and studious, with little sociability, and perhaps not as well adapted as some others for pastoral efBl- ciency. He is generally, however, popular with the people in his field of labor ; and is, undoubtedly, a rising man in the church. His character and abilities will always command the respect of the public, and he will doubtless be found equal to any position to which he may be called by the appointing power." Mr. Fletcher is a most useful man in the sect to which he belongs. His piety is sincere and enthusiastic ; he is ever making a practical application of his talents and energies to the propagation of his faith and the conversion of souls, and especially commending himself to his fellow-men by his zeal and a blameless life. Humble-minded, zealous, faithful, Grod-fearing, and outspoken, he is recognized in his denomination as a noble illustration of the religious principles, of which he is a teacher, 194 REV. JOHN MURRAY FORBES, D. D., LA.TE r>i:A.TV OF THE EI»ISCOI»A.3Li GENEKA-Xj THEOLOOICjSlE SEIMCIISTA^IiY, NE^W yOKIt. )EV. DE. JOHN MUEEAY FOEBES was bom in the city of New York in 1807. He was graduated at Colum- bia College in the class of 1827, and at the General Theo- logical Seminary in 1830. His first position was as tutor at Trinity College, Hartford, to which he was appointed in the fall of the same year. In 1835 he resigned, and accepted the rectorship of St Luke's Episcopal Church, in Hudson street. New York, one of the most important parishes of the city. He remained in this work about fourteen years, until the summer of 1849, haying made for himself a wide popularity in his own denomination, and in the church generally. He constantly held important offices and positions For some time previously it had been known that Dh Forbes had given his scholarly attention to an examination of the doctrines of the Church of E-ome, and his purpose in retiring from the rectorship of St Luke's was to enter that communion. This step, in one so eminent and beloved, produced a most profound sensation among both Episcopalians and Eoman Catholics. In the early part of 1851 Dr. Forbes was ordained a priest in the Eoman Catholic Church, and became assistant priest at the Church of the Nativity in Second avenue. New York. His talents and reputation gave him full title to as conspicuous a position in the Catholic body as in the one he had left. Subsequently, in 1853, he was made pastor of the new church of St. Ann's, in Eighth street, where be officiated for about six years. Dr. Forbes received at the hands of Pius IX the degree of Doctor of Sacred Theology. He was also sent by the late Arch- bishop Hughes on a special mission to Eome, to aid in establishing there the American College for Priests, with, it is said, the intimation that he might remain, if he wished it, to preside over that institution. In 1859 he resigned his position at St Ann's, and at the same time 195 REV. JOHN MURKAY FORBES, D. D. withdrew from the Catholic Church, and re-entered that in wMch he had been first ordained. His reasons for this important act are given in the following letter, which is a correct version, and differs from an- other in print : New Yoek, October 17th, 1859. Most Eeveebnd John Hcghes, D. D., Archbishop, &o. : — Most Reveeend Sie— It is now nearly ten years since, under your auspices, I laid down my ministry in the Protestant Episcopal Church, to submit myself to the Church of Rome. The interval, as you know, has not been idly spent ; each day has had its responsibility and duty, and with these have come experience, observa- tion, and the knowledge of many things not so well understood before. The result is that I feel I have committed a grave error, which, publicly made, should be publicly repaired. When I came to you, it was, as I stated, with a deep and con- scientious conviction that it was necessary to be in communion wjth the See of Rome ; but this conviction I have not been able to sustain, in face of the fact that by it the natural rights of man and all individual liberty must be sacrificed — nor only so, but the private conscience often violated, and one forced, by silence at least, to acquiesce in what is opposed to moral truth and justice. Under these circumstances, wheu I call to mind how slender is the foundation in the earliest ages of the Church upon which has been reared the present Papal power, I can no longer regard it as legitimately imposing obligations upon me or any one else. I do now, therefore, by this act, disown and withdraw myself from its alleged juris- diction. I remain, most reverend sir, your obedient servant, John Mueeay Foebes, D. T>., Late Pastor of St. Ann's Ohurch, Jff. T. When this remarkable letter was made public it caused a great excitement in the religious world. No one who knew Dr. Forbes could for a moment suppose that in leaving the Episcopal Church, and now in repudiating the Catholic, that he was actuated by any except the most conscientious motives. Still he had his assailants on both occasions, and submitted to the greatest possible trial in his per- sonal feelings. His return to the Episcopal faith was hailed with the deepest joy by his old friends and parishioners. He had never lost the respect of those persons, and on every side he received the warmest tokens of confidence from both clergy and laity. He was fully restored to his order in the Protestant Episcopal Church, in 1862, and became associate rector with the Eev. Dr. Tuttle of his old parish, St. Luke's. In October, 1869, he was elected dean of the General Theological Seminary. His installation to office took place in February, 1870, at the church of the Transfi^ration with interest- , ing services. In the course of an address. Dr. Forbes used the follow- ing language : " Romanism has conferred upon us the inestimable privileges of professing God's revealed word, and the orders which 196 EEV. JOHN MURBAT FORBES, D. D; Christ ordained should always subsist in His church. But this church throws chains around us which no one can endure and preserve his manhood." The General Theological Seminary is located on a large property on Ninth avenue and West Twentieth and West Twenty -first streets. It was founded in 1817, removed to New Haven in 1820, and re- moved back, again" to New York in 1821. The seminary buildings and professors' houses are plainly constructed edifices of granite, some of which were erected in 1823 and others in 1838. It is under discussion to sell this now very valuable property, and remove the seminary to some other location. The faculty is a very able one, embracing as it does some of the most eminent names of the Episcopal ministry, and the institution is in a very flourishing condition. . Dr. Forbes entered upon his duties of permanent head of the seminary, the want of such a functionary having been deeply felt for twenty-five years, with his accustomed urbanity and zeal. He also visited among the different parishes, as opportunity offered for preach- ing, and was everywhere listened to with great interest. Considera- tions of his own induced him to resign in November, 1872. He is of the medium height, and has a round, erect figure. Hia head is large and round, with regular features. The expression of his face is very amiable and benevolent, and his high prominent brow bespeaks his more than ordinary intellectual capacity. His hair is a silver gray, and his whole appearance venerable and impressive in the extreme. He has one of those genial noble faces that the gaze loves to linger upon. The eyes are soft and bright, and there is a cheerfulness, an amiability, and an intellectuality that together make a countenance not easily forgotten. Then while he is a man of an ever-present dignity, he always exhibits a courtesy and affability of the most pleasing description. With all this polish and softness of manners, it is also easily to be seen that he is a person of much force of character. He is not demonstrative in either speech or manner, but there are to be observed a firmness and precision, an exactness to principle and duty, and an earnest desire for right and the truth, that show him to have strong feelings and opinions, and to have the will to maintain them. Hence wherever he is placed he is a tower of strength. He has not only a learned, but practical mind, and an energy which is not less unselfish than it is untiring. In the field of action he is eager, firm, and bold at the same time that he studiously avoids everything which might offend personal sus- 197 REV. JOHN MUEBAY F0EBE8, D. D. ceptibility. A just and generous spirit characterizes all his relations with his fellow-men, and, while he is no seeker for popularity, inter- course with him always secures it with all classes. The sermons preached by Dr. Forbes are peculiar to himself. A life-long and thorough student of theology, it is not difiicult for him to take any text from the Scriptures and speak extemporaneously upon it. You see him go into the pulpit, and, after reading his text, he turns to his audience and addresses them in the most logical and argumentative manner without the assistance of anything written. Whatever previous thought and preparation he may allow himself is altogether mental. You are particularly struck with his choice, epigrammatic language, with the fullness and clearness of his explana- tions and argument, and with the modest and unostentatious manner of delivery. At times there is evidence of warmth and feeling, but the general tone is that of great calmness and dignity. His words are most simple, but they have marked force and expressiveness. They are apt and terse, and are most happily chosen for the place and purpose in which they are used. His voice is not loud, but it has quite sufficient compass, and is so modulated that every word has the best effect. A few expressive gestures are all that he ever attempts. While he speaks his face is very animated, and he thoroughly impresses you with his sincerity and devout piety. A truly good man, his preaching presents him in the light of a most learned and conscientious expounder of Gospel truths. 198 KEY. BISHOP RANDOLPH S. FOSTER, D. D., LL. D., or THi: IMCDETHODIST CHTTrtCIi. |EV. dr. RANDOLPH S. FOSTER, one of the Bishops of the Methodist church, was born at Williamsburg, Clermont county, Ohio, February 22d, 1820. When he was six years old his father removed to Bracken county, Ken- tuclry, where he attended such a school as the county afforded. At foui'teen years ke entered Augusta College, one of the earliest Methodist collegiate institutions which was established in the United States, where he continued until he had entered the senior year. He had been converted at the early age of twelve years, and when thir- teen years and a half he had received authority to exhort in the Methodist church. On leaving college, in 1837, at seventeen, he was licensed as a preacher, and, entering the Ohio Conference, was appointed to the Charleston Circuit in Western Virginia, He re- mained in the Ohio Conference thirteen years, and had appointments at many places, including the cities of Lancaster, Springfield, and Cincinnati. He came to New York in 1849, and, entering the New York Conference, was first stationed in the Mulberry street church for two years, and subsequently at Greene street church two years. He next entered the New York East Conference, and went to the Pacific street church, Bropklyn, where he remained two years. Re- turning to the New York Conference, he went to Trinity church, New York, for one year, and then became president of the North- western University in Illinois, where he remained three years. After this he again returned to New York, and remained at the Washing- ton Square Church for two years, then, going to Sing Sing for two years, and then to the Eighteenth street church. New York, for three years, and in 1867 commenced another two years' appointment at the Washington Square church. Later he became a professor in the Drew Theological Seminary, New Jersey. Li 1861, Dr. Foster was elected president of the Troy University ; 199 BISHOP RANDOLPH S. FOSTER, D. D., LL.D. but, on account of the financial embarrassments of the institution, did not accept the position. The General Conference in May, 1872, elected him one of the Bishops of the Methodist church. Bishop Foster received the degree of D. D. from the Western University, and LL. D. from the Northwestern University. He is the author of several published works, and various occasional sermons. The titles of his works are " Objections to Calvinism," published in Cincinnati in 1848; "Christian Purity,'' published by the Harpers, New York, and the Methodist Book Concern, in 1851 ; " Ministry for the Times," published in New York in 1853. Bishop Foster is tall, well-proportioned, and seems to be a man of a considerable amount of physical vigor. His head is of ample size, with regular, expressive features. It is readily to be seen that he is of a reflective, serious nature, and has mental power as well as force of character. He is dignified, and reserved to some extent, but is not without congeniality. In all respects he- is a sedate, sober-going man, feeling and observing the dignity and proprieties belonging to the clerical station. His whole life has been one of undeviating piety and labor in his profession. His early conversion was accompanied by many affecting incidents of thorough self-sacrifice and devotion to the cause of re- ligion ; and his ministerial career, which dates from his very youth, has been strikingly marked by rigid adherence, not only to religious principles, but to every-day duty. He presents in his own conduct as far as he can, the true religious life, but he does it without parade and without bigotry. Bishop Foster is justly regarded as one of the most scholarly men in the Methodist church. His attainments in the whole field of theology are of the first order. He is not one of your showy scholars, indulging in metaphysical disquisitions and pedantic opinions, but as an expounder of the scriptures there are few more learned. His teachings and all his writings are thoroughly reflective, and show the utmost scope of the well-stored and naturally logical mind. He is not only particularly clear in all his statements and explanations, but he is so comprehensive and logical in his mode of reasoning that he delights the intellectual as much as he instructs the lesser mind At the same time there are occasional passages in which he gives scope to his imagination, which is always distinguished by much re- ligious inspiration and a peculiarly tender pathos. His arguments are majestic efforts of thought, but he is a man of those warm feel- 200 BISHOP EANDOLPH S. FOSTER, D. D., LL. D. ing3 of the heart that religious topics invariably appeal more or less to his emotions. He is a speaker of much effectiveness from his calm dignity of address. His intelligent, beaming face, his earnest, authoritative voice, liis composed and appropriate gestures, are all sources of power over his audience. He obtains instant and undivided attention, and every word, distinctly and forcibly uttered, goes, like an arrow through the air, to the mind and heart Bishop Foster is a representative of the class of educated men in the Methodist ministry. They are the forerunners of the talented body of clergy who are hereafter to maintain the popular supremacy of this church. In proportion as this new influence shall bless and ex- alt mankind, so will be the renown of those who have originated it, 201 m. CYRUS D. ross, d. d., L.A.TI3 :^A.^ TCm OF ST. PA-TJlLi'S MIJETIIODISX CUXJitCH, ]VE-W YOJRIt. I EV. DE. CYEUS D. FOSS was born at Kingston, K Y., January 17th, 1834. He pursued his earl-ier studies at the Seminary at Amenia, N. Y., and was graduated in theology at the "Wesleyan University in 1854. In the previous year he had been licensed as a local preacher of Methodist church ; but after graduation, he became a teacher in the Amenia Seminary. He remained there three years as instructor and one year as principal. He then joined the New York Conference, and entered upon regular pastoral duty. His appointenents were at Chester, Orange County, JST. Y., in 1857-58 ; Fleet Street Church, Brooklyn, 1859-60, when he was transferred to the New York East Conference, and stationed for the first time at St Paul's. New York. For the last fourteen vears he has been al- together at St. Paul's, and other prominent churches of New York, never remaining from the first named for any great length of time, as the people are greatly attached to him. In the spring of 1874 he left St. Paul's to fill an appointment at St. James' Church (Harlem), New York City, where he is now officiating. Some years since, Dr. Foss declined a professorship in the Drew Theological Seminary, preferring to remain in the pastoral work, which he greatly loves. At the meeting of the General Conference, in May, 1872, he received a large vote as a candidate for one of the vacant bishoprics, but finally, himself withdrew his name, suggesting that an older man should be elected. He is conspicuous as a tem- perance advocate in the State, and uses both pen and tongue to ad- vance this cause. He frequently contributes to religious and tem- perance publications. As a speaker at meetings for special purposes, and as a preacher in camp-meetings, he is extremely effective and 202 REV. OYEUS D. FOSS, D. D. popular. He received the degree of A. M. from Wesleyan Univer- sity in 1857. Within a few years the degree of D. D. has also been conferred upon him. Dr. Foss is of the medium height, -well-proportioned, and of an erect, commanding figure. His complexion inclines to the dark, with a ruddy, healthful glow, and he has dark hair and whiskers. His eyes are small, and have very modest sort of glances, except when he is aroused in public speaking, when they light up with in- tellectual fire. In his general demeanor he is retiring and unobtrusive, and still he is one of those men in whom this very modesty is a token of power. Some people are nobodies unless they make a noise, and push and elbow somebody else out of the way. Then there are those, who of their own volition always seek the back-ground, but in whose vei-y silence, quiet, and dignity there are found unmistakable signs of the inner forces of true mental and moral greatness. The great thinkers, and those who rise to the highest point of personal virtue, are men who care so little for the world's applause, and so much for the development of the practice of principles, that they even shun observation. Sometimes such human jewels as these are positively considered bores, and noisy, self-sufficient individuals carry off the palm of popularity, and have exceeding reputations as learned men. Dr. Foss is nothing in the throng of the vain and ambitious. His sensitiveness is of the most delicate character, and the moment any- body crowds him he unselfishly gives way. He enters into no con- tests for flattery or honors, but he treasures up as his dearest idol the duty of expanding the qualities which make man great in the light of intelligence and conscience. You must know him to appreciate him, unless you have that knowledge of human nature which enables you to detect force of character which is so much concealed. In his strictly private life he is decidely genial and communicative. He acts as if he thoroughly enjoyed himself, and makes social communion a means of refinement, for both mind and heart. The one is aglow with light, cheerful, and tender sentiments, and the other yields a rich flow of manly and Christian sympathies. You see that his learning is of the most thorough character, that it is his delight, and that he pursues his scholarly studies with a mind naturally strong, far-reaching, and retentive. His reserve entiijely fades away, and there is nothing of the seeming dread, which he shows at other times, that somebody will think him vain and presumptuous. His social 203 EEV. CYRUS D. FOSS, D, D. qualities — which are the gentlest, the most considerate, and the most gentlemanly — now appear in their true excellence, and his talents and worth are equally conspicuous. Already holding a prominent place in his denomination, he is still a rising man. Most of his sermons are extemporaneous efforts. He has a great deal of deliberation in his delivery, though there is none too much for elective speaking. He weighs every word, and as he goes on, the thought gains iii strength, completenes?, and beauty, until it is finished clear and vivid to both speaker and hearer. He has no reserve, as far as language is concerned, in the pulpit. To talk about religion, to call sinners to repentance, and comfort those who come to ask the way to grace — these make him bold. Now his eyes beam with a new light ; now his form straightens and fills out with conscious powers ; and now his lips are heard in tones of thunder. He does not speak with any doubtfulness, with any fear that there can be any mistake about what he says ; but he speaks with the emphatic utterance of the learned mind and the renewed heail He is earnest at all times ; but there are periods when this is more evident than at others. He has outbursts of considerable vehemence, and the whole tide of his feelings and mental comprehension sweeps outward in his effort to teach and to touch. His voice is strong, and especi- ally rich-toned in the more impassioned flights of eloquence. An argumentative style is a favorite one with him — something that gives an opportunity to combat objections, and to build up logic, from his own resources and intelligence. He is alvfrays ready, going directly to the point, and meeting every issue with a fairness and success, which are only equaled by the fervor and grandeur of his elo- quence. 201 /^■79Z^^'^l'/ /^'^y't-ofz^: REV. JUSTUS CLEMENT FRENCH, F»A.STOK, OF THE "WESTIHIIfSTER. rHESBYTE- HIA-Tf CHUKCH, BROOltl^YrSr. I EY. JUSTUS CLEMENT FEENOH was bom at Barre, "Vermont, May 3d, 1831. He received early academic instruction, and was graduated at Williams College, Mas- sachusetts, in 1853. His studies for the ministry were pursued at the Union Theological Seminary, ISTew York, where he was graduated in 1856. He was ordained March 5th, 1857, and became settled over the Central Congregational Church, in Ormond Place, Brooklyn. The church edifice was handsomely im- proved at that time. His pastorate here continued for fourteen years. In November, 1870, he resigned under the compulsion of the most grievous necessity, viz.: his utter nervous prostration, the result of too intense and prolonged application to his work. This was, he states, the great trial of his life. His people would not consent to the separation, until his peremptory demand made it inevitable. Then, presenting him with several thousand dollars, they bade him seek re- storation. In January, 1871, he left for California, and spent nearly six months on the Pacific coast ; laid there the foundation of renewed health : returned to the East, and for six months preached from city to city, receiving and declining seven calls, until in November of that year, he entered into an arrangement with the Westminster Pres- byterian Church of Brooklyn, to supply its pulpit for six months, as he would on no account accept its call given at that date. This congregation was organized in South Brooklyn in 1855, and worship was first held in a hall. In 1856 lots were purchased on the corner of Clinton street and First Place, at a cost of thirteen thousand ' dollars, in the rear part of which a chapel was erected, costing seven thousand dollars. Other improvements were subsequently made at a large outlay of money. Professor Hitchcock preached for some time ; but the first called pastor was the Eev. Hugfi Smith Carpenter, who came in 1857, and remained until near the date when Mr. French took 2U5 REV. JUSTUS CLEMENT FREWCH. charge. As early as March, 1872, the prosperity of the church, tinder Mj'. French, became so positive and assured, and his own health was so firmly re-established that he accepted the unanimous call of the congregation, and was installed March 6th, 1872. Kev. Mr. Carpenter was called to the Howard street Presbyterian Church of San Fran- cisco, and Dr. Scudder, a former pastor of that church, was called to the Central Congregational of Brooklyn. A perfect pastoral trian- gulation was effected bj- these changes. Since 1872 the membership of the "Westminster Church has more than doubled in number, the Sunday School nearly quadrupled, the congregation increased in a ten-fold ratio, and the financial condition of the Society become most satisfactory. As one result of Mr. French's California trip he prepared, in the winter of 1.873, three lectures, which he illustrated by cartoons drawn by himself with colored chalks and crayons on canvas paper. These cartoons are seven feet by four and a half feet. The lectures have been delivered repeatedly before immense audiences, and receiv- ed from the press most favorable notice. Mr. French has published various sermons of great power and beauty of language. During his college days he wrote numerous poetic effusions of more than ordinary merit. At the present time, in hours of relaxation from severer literary toil, he occasionally cultivates the Muses. His head is long, with considerable expression about the brow. His expression is most happy and smiling. In his manners he is exceedingly polite and cordial, and in his conversation there is generally a tendency to cheerfulness. His social qualities are deserv- edly appreciated, and his presence is the certain promoter of geniality. Without effort, without hesitation or ceremony, he mingles with all, old and young, with a -happy adaptability of manners and conversa- tion that always interests, pleases, and captivates. His writings are fearless, graceful, and eloquent. The strong convictions of his mind and the melting emotions of his heart are infused in every line. He can feel nothing, he can write nothing, that is not honest, true, and good. He brings everything to the test of a quick and vigilant conscience, and of an honorable and courag- eous nature. If it stands the examination, none can be a bolder champion ; and if its fails, none will be a more determined foe. Hence, in the discussion of all principles, doctrines, and themes, he advocates or denounces, with a nature fully aroused to the require- EEV. JUSTUS CLEMENT PEENCH. ments of duty, and with every power of mind strengthened for the issue. Mr. French has evidently made declamation somewhat of a study, but he has natural capabilities of the first order as an orator. He delivers himself with calmness, effectiveness, and entire naturalness. There is, on his own part, a full and complete understanding of his subject ; and the flow of language in making this clear to others is one uninterrupted stream of fluent, earnest thought. His writings have much terseness and grammatical accuracy, and in speaking he is usually careful to make every word do its necessary and effective part. His gestures are few and simple, while highly appropriate. Mr. French is a working, practical, thorough-going Christian. He makes no compromises and asks no favors of the adversary, and has little patience with those who do. Of a most cheerfal, hopeful spirit, enjoying society and its pleasures with a generous though sensible limit, and melting sadness and seriousness into joy and mirth when- ever it can be profitably accomplished, still he never forgets the pur- pose, dignity, and importance of his religious calling. "Without de- grading the minister, he consents to exhibit the man ; and, without turning his directing finger from the open gates on high, he has a hand to scatter flowers along the earthly road. 207 REY. OCTAYIUS B. FROTHINGHAM, PA.8TOB OF THE THIRO XJ]VITA.K,IjVT«^ CHXTKCH, )EY. OCTAVIUS B. FEOTHINGHAM was bom in the city of Boston, November 26th, 1822. His early studies ■were at the Latin School. He was graduated at Harvard University in 1843, and at the Divinity School in 1846. He was ordained to the ministry of the Unitariaa church, and installed as pastor of the North Church, Salem, March 10th, 1847. In the spring of 1855 he removed to Jersey City, where he established the First Unitarian Church, and remained four years as pastor. He next accepted a call, in the spring of 1859, to the Third Congregational Unitarian Society of New York, which position he still retains. The society was in its infancy, and services were held in a public hall. As in all his other pastorships, the earnest and well-directed efforts of Mr. Frothingham soon showed their results in a large numerical increase of the congregation. Lots were ob- tained in Fortieth street, near Sixth avenue, and a church built which was dedicated in May, 1863. The whole cost of the property was forty thousand dollars. A debt of eighteen thousand dollars remained on the ground after the erection of the church. Some years later the edifice was sold to Dr. Alexander R Thompson's Eeformed Congregation, since which time the Third Society have worshiped in a hall on Sixth avenue. The congregation is one of the most intellectual which assembles in New York. The attendance is about five hundred, and there are seventy children in the Sunday school. This society represents the liberal branch of the Unitarian body, differing on points of doctrine from such Unitarians as Drs. Bellows and Farley. Mr. Frothingham's publications consist of several small volumes, and various occasional sermons. We take the following eloquent and highly original extract from a sermon entitled " Seeds and Shells," preached in New York, No- vember 17th, 1 861 : 208 EE"V. OOTAVIUS B. FRO T HINGH A,M. " Some two thousand years ago a regenerating principle became embodied in the form of a young Galilean. Year after year it lay completely hidden in that germ of earth. The frame matured into manly proportions, and grew into manly beauty. The wealth of heaven and earth passed into it — the air, and the light, and the great benedictions of the skies ; it collected about it the loveliest things ; friendships attached themselves to it ; love twined around it the fine web of affection ; it was moistened by the dew of tears ; the precious bloom of human associations gathered thick upon it. Decade after decade, the dear, handsome shell of mortality kept from harm the precious seeds of life it contained. The tempests of a wild earthly career blew it hither and thither about the world ; it was beaten up and down, from village to village, by wind and weather ; now for a brief space finding lodgment in some quiet nook, where the storm could not touch it, nor the tramping of busy feet molest it ; but speedily whirled away again by the g^usts of circumstance, and almost buried in the common dust of the highway. Very dear to a few loving hearts was that mortal casket of flesh ; men and women clung to it as to all that was precious to them in existence. They thought it would be death to them, and a calamity to the whole world if any fatal harm should befall it. Those merciful hands, those gracious tones, those benignant looks— how could they lose them from human sight ? They should all die in his death ; they should all wither in his blighting. Presently, however, violent hands tore that beautiful covering of flesh in pieces ; in the very prime of its maturity, in the very bloom of its loveliness, it fell assunder, it perished ; the few who had been graced with a knowledge of its worth abandoned themselves to a comfortless grief. But, straightway, behold ! the divine thought, the treasured principle which that lovely casket was made to hold, and which had become full and rich, so as to need holding no longer, assumes a new covering, nobler and more expansive than the last. The inclosing capsule that contains it now is not one man, but a body of men. The vital force has passed into society : it has become a. law of life in some hundreds of hearts ; it has become a bond of union between them all ; it has collected a society ; it has founded an organization ; it has embodied itself in a church which is a new body of Christ, shaped, and molded, and animated by the celestial love that, while Jesus was aUve on earth, could only fling its ray like a small candle into a thick night.. "And now, after a time, ihis new covering hardens ; it becomes a thick com- pressed crust around the quick spirit, beneath which it was at first so yielding. It is heavy with pendants and badges ; it is thick with symbols and rites ; it is wrapped all about with the stiff parchments of statutes and creeds ; it is bound about with priestly orders ; it bristles with staffs of officers ; it is enervated with monasteries and churches ; it looks eternal with its towers and foundations, its constitutions, decretals, rubrics, its solid institutions and absolute weight of dominion. In this mighty shell of the church, the life that was first incarnate in Jesus lay inertly hidden all through the terrible ages of violence, when it must have perished had it been less stoutly protected. What tempests raved around it. All the elements of human nature were let loose upon it ; war beat upon it with its battle-axe ; fraud and rapine and power and ignorance bored into it with their bits and pried at it with their levers. These were the dark ages ; but the church protected the seeds of truth and goodness that were committed to it. Men said the ohurch is eternal, the church is unchangeable ; its amity cannot be broken ; its integrity vriU never be disturbed ; but the time came for this 'com of wheat' to fall into the ground and die ; the bands were loosened, great fissures opened in its sides, walls sprung and fell in, and, in spite of every effort to preserve it by clamps and ligatures, the parts dropped asunder. There was a shudder, as if the world 20a EEV. OCTAVItrS B. FBOTHINGHAM. was coming to an end. The truth was, the world was coming to a beginning ; the new world which had been waiting for the dying of the body, that it might feed on the spirit, which alone could give hfe. The principles of our modern ci-nlization, the principles of our modern humanity, would never have been what they are, would never have been ours at aU, but for the dropping and decay of that mammoth institution which for half a thousand years had been identical almost with the very existence of social order. " This is the economy of nature ; seen alike in the rotting of seeds, the decay of fruits, the dissolution of human bodies, tte breaking up of customs, establish- ments, institutions, no matter what may be their dimensions or their character." Mr. Frothingham is ratlier above the medium height, well pro- portioned, and altogether of an elegant, graceful figure. He stands perfectly erect, and there is about him everything, in the physical as well as mental peculiarities, to attract and to fascinate. His head is of large size, with finely molded features of the highest intel- lectual type. His brow is round and massive, his eyes are light and full of expression, and his whole countenance betokens rare and noble qualities of both manhood and mind. In his manners he is the polished gentleman. A proper dignity, a refined tone, and a genial kindness pervade his demeanor at all times. Mr. Fi-othingham is one of the most brilliant minds of the day. His scholarship is thorough, and, more than this, he is a profound and original thinker. His learning and research are but the growth of a nature naturally refined, full of intellectual aspirations, and guided by the strongest mental powers. He was bom for a scholar. Philosophy, logic, and sentiment are elements of his mental nature as much as the senses are of his physical. Hence he has matured into a thinker of rare ability. It is delightful to hear or read his written pages. They are couched in the purest and most elegant expressions of the English tongue, and they show a reach and an originality of thought which cannot but arrest the intelligent mind. He is progressive ; he looks onward and upward in everything ; and the unprogressive, and the timid, and short-sighted may feel alarm at his bold conceptions, his daring prophesies, and aggressive purposes. But he works with the forces of intelligence alone. As far as these will carry a courageous, ambitious spirit, so far will he go, and no further. He sounds out new channels of thought, he explores new paths of truth, and he delves into the very caverns of lore. Powerful to think, eloquent to declaim, elegant in gesture, he is as brilliant an example of intellectual power as the modern ppulpit presents. ^ 210 REV. JUSTIN D. FULTON, D. D., FA-ISTOR OE^ THE IXA.1VS03N" "E»I^A.CE JSA.I*TIST CHTJIICI-I, BTtOOKLLYIV. I EV. DE. JUSTIN D. FITLTON was born at Sherburne, Madison County, New York, Marcb 1st, 1828. When eight years of age, the family removed to Michigan. He had previously attended the public school of his native vil- lage, and his education, was continued under many disadvan- tages, after the removal. At the age of nineteen, in 1847, he entered the University of Michigan at Ann Harbor, where he passed three years. He next entered the senior class of the Univer- sity of Rochester, then just founded, and was graduated with honor in 1851. Two years were devoted to a course in the Theological school connected with the University, and in 1853 he was ordained to the ministry of the Baptist church. He immediately went to St. Louis, where he edited the Gospel Banner for two years. The slavery excitement finally broke up the newspaper enterprise. In 1855, Dr. Fulton became the pastor of the Baptist Church, at Sandusky, Ohio, and later, in the fall of 1859, he accepted a call to the pastorship of the Tabernacle Church at Albany, ISTew York. Here he spent four years in a very successful ministry. In Januaiy, 1864, he was incited to the charge of the Tremont Tem- ple congregation, in Boston, where he remained nine years. When he went to Boston, he found the congregation much reduced, having but fifty members remaining, and the income was only eight hundred dollars a year. During his term of ministry, which was most efficient and powerful in the pulpit and out of it, the membership increased to one thousand, and the income to twenty-one thousand dollars. In 1872, Dr. Fulton was called to his present field, the Hanson Place Baptist Church of Brooklyn. This congregation was organized about twenty years ago, and formerly worshiped in Atlantic street. They at length erected a large brick church edifice in Hanson Place, and have since been a strong and influential body. 211 REV. JUSTIN D. rULTON, D. D. Dr. Fulton is an able writer, and has published a large number of books and pamphlets. Among others are " The Eoman Catholic element in America ; " " Life of Timothy Q-ilbert, the Founder of the Tremont Temple ; " " The True Woman ; " " Eome in America. " A tract on the Sabbath had a sale of more than one hundred thousand copies. He has written a great deal on the subject of temperance, and, in fact, on all the reforms of the day. One purpose in his re- moval to Brooklyn, was to establish, through the aid of the congre- gation to which he was called, a paper to give currency to his ser- mons and writings on reforms. ^ We quote from another the following personal description of Dr. Fulton : ' ' The deportment of Dr. Pulton in tlie pulpit is entirely original, as distin- guished from that of any of the other leading preachers in this city. His dress is plain but neat. His step to and from the desk is elastic, and altogether devoid of any aim at formality. His voice is not subjected to any severe test by affected and unnatural efforts at false intonation, and yet, while his words roll fast and furiously after each other, as if each one of them was a rival messenger from a warm, zealous, and earnest heart, they are modulated in their rising and falling, but never at the expense of the speaker's fervor. In his manuscript, fine rhetoric abounds, but that is frequently deserted for the resistless impulse which the preacher obeys as he steps to either side of the desk, or springs back from it to pour forth his eloquent and thrilling practical appeals, or to cite his telling illustrations in support of them. ' Dr. Fulton enjoys a wide reputation as an eloquent and impressive preacher, a fluent dnd pointed writer, and, in all labor, one of the most earnest and practical of men. Always an industrious student, his ability in scholarship is enlarged and thorough, while his gifts as an orator and writer are of that original and splendid kind, which can- not fail to command attention. In all his pastorships he has labored with great success, constantly widening the scope of his influence and the bounds of his fame. Peculiar, marked, and effective in all his characteristics, whether of the mental or physical nature, he occu- pies a position at once of prominence and power. For religion and reform he is ever a' zealous champion, doing battle on every hand, without fear or favor. With a conscience keenly sensitive to the de- mands of duty, he has the talents, courage, and energy which make his efforts successful in whatever direction he feels called upon to de- vote them. 212 REY. HENRY M. GALLAHER, XjA/TH I»A.ST0K, of the first B^rTIST CHURCH. BIlOOK.L,Y]V. |EV. HENEY M. GALLAHEE was bom at Castlebar, Ireland, September, 11th, 1833. He came to the United States in 1850, and, after spending some time in the State of Connecticut, went to the West. In June, 1861, he was graduated at Shurtleff CollegCj a Baptist institution, at 3er Alton, Illinois, where he had passed six years in prepar- atory and theological studies. He had been licensed to the Baptist ministry in 1857, and preached his first sermon at Springfield. Im- mediately upon his graduation, he settled at Quincy as the pastor of the Vermont street Baptist Church, which position he held for three years. He next accepted a call to the First Baptist Church, Brook- lyn, where he assumed his duties August 1st, 1864. Several years since, he accepted a call to the Broad street Church, Elizabeth, New Jersey. Mr. Gallaher has written much on political subjects in the pa- pers. He is a popular lecturer throughout the country. Mr. Gallaher is of the medium height, of good proportions, and erect figure. His face and whole appearance is "very plain, and, while he looks altogether an humble-minded, unobtrusive person, tlfere is a quickness in his eyes and a general intelligence about his countenance, which show him to be a man of thought and ability. He has a head of the average size, with regular features, and wears tis hair combed behind his ears. He is affable and genial with all classes of people. A peculiarity about him, at all times, is a nervous impulsiveness, which often borders on excitement Entering the pulpit, he falls carelessly into a seat, runs his fin- gers through his hair, moves the books about, crosses first one leg, 213 REV. HEKBT M. GALLAHEE. and then the other, and in many ways gives token of this ever-present nervousness. At the proper time, with a sudden start, he takes his place at the desk, and begins the services with nervous abruptness. Should he read a hymn, he holds the book by one corner, allowing the cover to fall, while with the hand that is free he fumbles the cor- ners of the Bible. In prayer his hands sweep all over the same book, sometimes between the leaves, and then over the pages, and occasionally he gives a turn to the hymn-book. Meanwhile a torrent of words is falling from him. There is no cessation — no pause — no breath-taking about it. As fast as he can speak — hurrying, crowding, lapping one word upon another — they are poured forth, rather than intelligibly articulated. These singular mannerisms, and this extraordinary volubility of speech weaken, but do not destroy the impressions of his prayer. His whole soul is in it, and he evidently feels the inspiration of spiritual communion. It seems as if he could pray thus on and on for hours. There is no hesitation for a new theme of petition any more than there is a deficiency in words to express it. Topic after topic is taken up, all with the same earnestness, the same Christian love, and the same ardor of faith. At length, alone from exhaustion, he abruptly checks himself, opens his eyes, and proceeds to the other services with a continued nervousness. When he reads, it is with the same haste, speaking in a loud key, and then very low, in holy abstraction more than to give a correct elocutionary reading of the passage. Here again, notwithstanding his peculiarities, he is very effective — there is honest feeling in his tone, and the words which he wishes to press home to others have already touched his own sensibilities. His sermons are written out quite fully, but his nervousness is such that he reads but little from the manuscript. He repeats a line or two, when he rushes to the front of the pulpit, and delivers him- self of the thoughts which crowd upon him faster than he can speak them. His self-possession, for a young man, is very great, and he speaks with the full" power of the natural orator. He does not talk as rapidly as in his prayer and reading, but still he has an extraor- dinary command of language. You notice the accent of the Irishman very decidedly, and in his style of thought and emotional utterance there are to be found other characteristics of his nation. The order of his sermon is well preserved in his memory, and however much he may be carried off into extemporaneous outbursts, the argument is logically maintained. He moves nervously from side to side of the 2U BEV. HENEY M. GALLAHER. pulpit ; he places himself against the large gas-fixture, or he leans forward, looking into the very eyes of the people. Sometimes his hands are in his pockets, sometimes under his coat-tails, and some- times in his hair. His arms cleave the air in every gesture ever at- tempted, and his body assumes every attitude which can be made expressive of feeling. All the time he talks, and talks well. It is not mere declamation, mere wordy outbursts, mere eloquence, but it is comprehensive thought, practical religious instruction, and candid counsel. To be sure there is a want of polish and dignity in many of his ways, and his forms of expression are not always the most scholarly, but he stands in the equally noble proportion of an emi- nently common-sense Christian teacher. Neither crowds nor places put any restraint upon him. Dignity, and what he would call prud- ish refinements, give him no concern ; but his desire is to seem, as he truly feels, no higher than the humblest. The conventionalities of the clerical life and the vanities of human nature do not disturb him, while manly uprightness and the lofty Christian character are his sole ambition. Mr. Gallaher is an excellent singer, and it is his custom to join with his congregation, leading them in a manner not often seen on the part of a minister. "We noticed another peculiarity in his trans- ferring himself from the pulpit to the lobby, where he shook hands with all passing from the building. 215 MY. THOMAS GALLAUDET, D. D., ISI2CTOII OF ST. A.IV]V'S TE^-piSCOeAJU CHURCH BV. DE. THOMAS GALLAUDBT was born in Hart- ford, Connecticut, June 3d, 1822. His father was the Eev. Thomas H. Grallaudet, LL. D., a Congregational minister, who founded the first Institution for Deaf Mutes in the United States, at Hartford, in 1817, and his mother, before her marriage, was Miss Sophia Fowler, a bom deaf mute, and one of Dr. Gallandet's first pupUs. She is still liv- ing, and is the matron of the Institution for Deaf Mutes at "Washing- ton, D. C. Dr. Thomas Grallaudet is the eldest of eight children, all living but one. He was graduated at Trinity College, Hartford, in 1842, and taught in Connecticut for one year. In September, 1848, he became an instructor in the Institution for Deaf Mutes in New ^ork, and soon after a communicant of St. Paul's Chapel. He was admitted by the late Bishop 0-nderdonk as a candidate for holy orders, and pursued his theological studies privately. In July, 1845, he married Miss Elizabeth E. Budd, only daughter of the late Dr. B. W. Budd, of New York, and a graduate of the New York Institu- tion for Deaf Mutes. He was ordained deacon in the summer of 1850, at St Stephen's Church, New York, by Eight Eev. Bishop Whittingham, of Marvland, and here he preached his first sermon. For about a year he wss assistant minister at St. Stephen's, though still teaching daily at the Institution for Deaf Mutes. In the sum- mer of 1851 he was ordained priest by Bishop Delancey, of "Western New York, at Grace Church, Brooklyn. During 1851-2, he officia- ted mostly at St. Paul's, Morrisania, and had a weekly evening Bible class for educated deaf mutes in New York — first in the vestry-room of St. Stephen's Church, and then at No. 59 Bond street. Says Dr. Gallaudet, in a letter addressed to us : "I was called upon from time to time to act as pastor among these deaf mutes, residents of our city — ^baptizing some, presenting some for confirmation, and receiv- 216 /t^^^-T-^-L-^c^ REV. THOMAS GALLAUDET, D. D. ing some to the holy commuTiioTi. At last the thought entered my mind that I would found a church in which the adult deaf mutes might find a spiritual home. The first services were held in October, 1852, in the small chapel of the New York University. The church was incorporated under the title of ' St. Aim's Church for Deaf Mutes.' In November, 1857, we removed to the lecture-room of the Historical Society building, corner of Second avenue and Eleventh street In the fall, of 1858 I resigned my connection with the Insti- tution, to give myself more exclusively to my duties as rector of St Ann's. In July, 1859, we purchased our present property in Eigh- teenth street, near Fifth avenue, including the church and rectory, and the four lots on which they stand, for seventy thousand dollars. As is now well known, we have three services at St Ann's Church every Sunday, the afternoon being for deaf mutes. At the other services, (conducted as in any other Episcopal church,) fi'equent in- terpretations by signs are given for the benefit of deaf mutes. Our chu.rch is entirely free^ supported by the free-will oflferings of the worshipers. As rector of St Ann's Church, I strive to do all in' my power to promote the temporal r.nd spiritual welfare of the deaf mutes, residents of this great city and its suburbs. "When they are out of work I get situations for them. I visit them and minister to their necessities in time of sickness and trouble. I have received many to the communibn. The kind-hearted hearing and speaking persons, who have gathered around these our deaf mute brethren in parish re- lations, have assisted me greatly in my work." Dr. G-allaudet received the degree of D. D. from Trinity College, in July, 1862, just twenty years after his graduation. He has pub- lished various pamphlets in relation to his church, and several ser- mons. He is the author of a popular Christmas Carol, entitled " The Day of Days." Through his instrumentality, monthly religious ser- vices were established in Boston and Philadelphia; and finally regular Sunday services in Philadelphia, Baltimore, Albany, and Boston. Opcasionally they are held in other cities. St Ann's is the only church in the United States which takes any special interest in the graduates of the various institutions for the deaf mutes. The deaf mute community of the United States number upward of twenty thousand. Dr. Gallaudet and his deaf mute wife have been blessed with seven children (five daughters and two sons) having all their facul- 217 REV. THOMAS GALLAFDET, D. D. ties. They have learned the signs and spoken language, so as to converse readily with both father and mother. Dr. Grallaudet is about of the medium height, and has a fair com- plexion and light hair. His face is a likeness of his heart. It is truly benevolent in. every lineament. He has a fine brow, though the lower portion of the face is more long than broad. His eyes are soft and gentle, and his voice is ever kindly and sincere. No man could be better adapted for the duties of a teacher and pastor among such an afflicted class of human beings as the deaf mutes. One look at him is sufficient to awaken their entire confidence and love. There is a benignity which satisfies the longings of their saddened spirits, and there is a gentleness of manner which tells them of sympathy and regard. In his presence their hearts feel less desolate, and the golden sunshine chases the gloom from their paths. Recoiling from the cold-hearted, thoughtless world, they are made aware of a kind- ness which they lamented as extinct ; they are aroused to effort by friendly encouragement ; and they are invoked to repentance by a language which is in signs of their own. There has been much to inspire Dr. Gallaudet to his constantly extending labors in behalf of the temporal and spiritual condition of the deaf mutes. It should be remembered that he is the son of a mother thus limited in her faculties, and yet devoting a great intelli- gence to the elevation and happiness of her class — the son of a father whose name is to be forever memorable by reason of the great phil- anthropy and varied talents which he devoted to the founding of the first institution for deaf mutes in this noble land, and the husband of a lady who is one of the crowning examples of the triumph of mind over misfortune. His efforts have been prompted by teachings al- most from the cradle ; and they have been encouraged by results which brought joy to those of his own love. Vouchsafed himself to hear and speak, he has made it his patient, self-denying task to in- struct those not similarly blessed in a mode of intelligent signs by which art seeks to supply, in a measure, the short-comings of nature. He has worked earnestly, and with great success. Many afflicted beings, through his excellent teaching, have become educated mutes, and thus attained to a new and brighter existence. Their minds have been carefully cultured, they have been prepared for different occupations of life, and the way once so dark and difficult has been made plain and happy. Much was gained, but Dr. Gallaudet felt painfully conscious that there was still a want tinsupplied. The 218 REV. THOMAS GALLAUDET, D. D. deaf mutes had no cburcli organization ; there was no altar where they could gather understandingly ; no pastor who was devoted to their spiritual welfare. He resolved to found such a church, to ex- tend the Christian invitation from such an altar, and to fully assume the duties of such a pastor. The undertaking presented vast obsta- cles, and was only to be accomplished by faith in God's providence and by unceasing toil. Hopeful and courageous, he entered upon his darling scheme, and has persevered with that enthusiasm which deserves and generally obtains success. He finds that he has laid broad foundations for a great and good work, and that it prospers even beyond bis most sanguine expectations. The congregation gains in numbers, a heavy debt is rapidly decreasing, and at an early period there will be a church free to deaf mutes and all others. Greater publicity is given to the cause of the deaf mutes, and their interest has become the concern of many new and powerful friends. Ail this is mainly due to the energetic, self-sacrificing efforts of Dr. Gallaudet, and justly entitle him to universal applause. He is a man of liberal attainments, and a fluent, earnest preacher. In his public appearances he seeks no display. He is most modest in his bearing, but convinces all of his virtues, merits, and piety. He adopts plain, comprehensive language, which is spoken with much earnestness of manner and warmth of appeal. But he is at no time more sublimely the Christian teacher than when his lips are motionless, and he is delivering holy truths by perfect and eloquent signs. Those whom the sweetest sound could not attract, and who are mute to all utterance forever, receive intelligibly the message of grace. It is a triumph beyond oratory. It is a presentation of the argument of faith in a new discovered tongue. It is the anointing of souls which otherwise might go unhealed into eternity. 213 REV. JOHN N. GALLEHER, KlilCTOK. OF ZI03V ET»ISCOPA.Xj CliXIKCHT, NEW YOTlIt. I EV. JOHN N. GALLEHEE was born in Mason county, Kenfacky, February 17th, 1839. After pursuing aca- demic studies in that county, he entered the Latin School of the University of Virginia, where lie was graduated in 1858. He went to Louisiana, but returned to Kentucky at the outbreak of the war, and he became a private in the command of General Albert S. Johnston. Acting as secretary of General Buckner, he went to tbe front, and, taking part in the bat- tle of Fort Donelson, he was captured and sent a prisoner first to Camp Chase in Ohio, and then to Fort Warren in Boston harbor. In July, 1862, be was exchanged, when he received an appointment to the staff of General Buckner, and with him accompanied General Bragg's famous expedition into Kentucky. He subsequently held the different ranks of captain, assistant adjutant-general, and lieu- tenant-colonel, and at the close of the war was in the Trans-Miss- issippi Department, still on the staff of General Buckner. He then commenced the study of law, and was graduated at the law school of Judge Brockenbrough at Lexington, Virginia, in 1866. He was admitted to the bar in Louisville, Kentucky, and practiced for one year. At this date he determined to become a candidate for holy orders in the Episcopal Cburch, and, accordingly, took a partial theological course at the General Theological Seminary, New York. In June, 1868, he was made a deacon at Christ Church, Louisville, by Assistant Bishop Cummins of Kentucky. He remained as assist- ant to the Eev. Dr. Clark, at Christ Church, until January, 1869, when he was called to the rectorship of Trinity Church, New Or- leans, as the successor of the Eev. Dr. John W. Beckwith, who had been elected Bishop of Georgia. He was admitted to the priesthood in June, 1869, at Trinity Charch, New Orleans, by Bishop Wilmer of REV. JOHN N. GALLEHEE. Louisiana. He continued in that parish for nearly three years, when, in the fall of 1871, he was called to Memorial Church, Bal- timore, from which he was called, September 21st, 1873, to Zion Chui'ch, on Madison Avenue, New York. At an early period this congregation was Lutheran, but became united with the Episcopal denomination in 1810. This action was taken by reason of a change in the religious views of both pas- tor and people. For a long period they worshiped in Mott street. Li 1835 their present edifice, on the corner of Madison avenue and Thirty-eighth street, was erected. Mr. Galleher is above the medium height, with a round, erect person. He has a stately, dignified walk, and his manners at all times give evidence of the composed, self-possessed character. A slight reserve with strangers disappears on more intimate acquaint- Elnce. His head is large, and firmly placed on his shoulders. The whole face is full of expression. In all respects both the physical and mental powers show great development. Often in the man of Southern birth you observe more that is impulsive than you do in Mr. Gralleher, for while he is quick to feel and determine, still he is never hasty, never excited, and never without method. The fact is, he is by nature a person of cool reflectiveness, and his large ex- perience in the world has trained and subdued him even more to the direction of his own calm will. Hence in the pastoral and all other work he is a safe counselor and an unwearying laborer. He has penetration and foresight, and he has a steady patience and en- ergy. His agreeable personal character and his life of piety go far to make him admired and influential, but his success is secured by practical wisdom and perseverance in action which are always equally apparent. In all branches of the pastoral duty, in preaching and in writing, in the Sunday School, and in works of benevolence, he is always conspicuous for fidelity to every claim upon him, and for the highest ability in his mode of discharging them^ Showing deep convictions of his responsibility, he is found constantly labor- ing in his appointed place, with results at once significant of his judgment, talents, and faithfulness. In the pulpit his gifts as a speaker, his originality of thought, and Ms polish of language are not less effective. Mr. Galleher went into the ministry from the deepest personal conviction. Already in a profession offeiiiig the widest scope for talents and ambition, he prepared himself for another of a sacred 221 REV. JOHN N. GALLEHER. character on the promptings of a converted heart. His opportunity for observation among men has been greater than is generally the case with clergymen, and this circumstance has given him addi- tional power in his preaching and other efforts. He is no stranger to the world or men in the conflict between good and evil. Conse- quently, he is a very effective preacher in dealing with the tempta- tions of life, and human opportunities and hopes. On these subjects, especially, he is a close, philosophical thinker, and awakens an ab- sorbing interest in his audiences. He penetrates to the truth of human motives, however hidden ; he tenderly unfolds the daily life and aspirations of man, and he paints in glowing language the bliss of religion and virtue, while he tempts the froward heart to penitence and peace. His voice rings out in tones of melody, and he stands strikingly impressive in his stature and bearing. No one can doubt his sincerity, and no one can fail to feel the force of his rea- soning, and the thrill of his eloquence. Preacher and people are thus made one in sympathy and purpose, and they go forth from these ministrations alike anointed with heavenly grace, and inspired with a stronger courage in faith and duty. 222 REV. HAIiVEY D. GANSE, l*^STOR OF THE M:A.r»I©0]V A^VJEISTTJE KEFOKMiED CHTJRCli, ]VE\i«^ YORK:. IeV. HAEYEY D. GANSE was born at Fishkill, Dutch- ess county, New York, February 27th, 1822. He was graduated at Columbia College, New York, in 1839, and in theology at the Seminary at New Brunswick, New Jersey, in 1843. During the same year he accepted a x;all to 2& the Eeformed Church at Freehold, New Jersey, where be re- mained until 1856. He then became the pastor of the Northwest Protestant Eeformed Dutch Church of the City of New York, now known as the Madison Avenue Eerormed Church, over which he has presided with great acceptability for a period of seventeen years. This congregation was organized by order of the Classis of New York, by the installation of four elders and four deacons, on the 17th day of April, 1808 ; a previous meeting for the election of those officers having been held on the 27th day of January in the same year. Eev. Dr. Livingston, of the Collegiate Dutch Church of New York, presided at both of these meetings. The church began with one hundred and forty members, of whom more than two-thirds, or nearly a hundred, had been dismissed for that purpose from, the Collegiate Church. The first church edifice in Sugar-loaf (aftei-ward Franklin) street was dedicated on the same day on which the first Corisistory was ordained ; Dr. Livingston conducting both services. This building was burned in 1839, and was at once re-built on the same site. In 1 854 the congregation removed to a new church which had been erected on West Twenty-third street, between the Sixth and Seventh avenues, a location, then far up-town. Fifteen years later the continued up-town movement of the population obliged another removal to be determined upon. In 1869 a sale was made of the Twenty-third street property, and lots were purchased on the comer of Madison avenue and Fifty -seventh street. The corner-stone of a new edifice was laid on the 23d of May, 1870, in the presence 223 BEV. HABVET D. GANSE. of a large congregation. Addresses were made by a number of tlie city ministers of different denominations. The church is an impos. ing building of Ohio stone in Eomanesque style. There is a main building, which will seat nearly eleven hundred people, and a lec- ture room also of commodious size. The spire is one hundred and eighty-eight feet high. By decree of Court, the name from the 1st of January, 1871, was changed to Madison Avenue Eeformed Church. The pastors of the church have been Eev. Christian Bork, from 1808 fo 1823 ; Eev. George Duboise, from 1824 to 1837 ; Eev. Christopher Hunt, from 1837 to 1839; Eev. James B. Hardenberg, fi-om 1840 to 1856 ; Eev. Harvey D. Ganse, from 1856 to the present time. Mr. Ganse is about of the medium height, with an equally pro- portioned figure. He has a sandy complexion, and wears spectacles. His head is fully developed in the intellectual section ; both his appearance and manners impr.esses you with the fact that he is a diligent student and thinker. He always shows a great deal of ab- sorption in whatever task or duty may engage him, but is never without all proper courtesy to those with whom he comes in contact. He is, in the largest sense, a minister of Christ and the pastor of his flock. Nothing turns him aside from the duties and responsibilities which i-est,upon him. Throughout his career he has been a model to his professional brethren, and a cherished guide of the rehgious community at large. Failing in nothing, but rigidly correct in all things, by whatever test has been applied to him, he has exerted an influence wide in its ramifications, and still no more than such a man should enjoy. The strong and controlling element of his nature is conscientiousness. He applies it strictly to every personal act, great or small, and to the actions of all other persons. Policy and com- promises in life, or the church, are never thought of by liim ; but he follows the light of conscience and duty wherever it may lead him. Consequently he is a strong man in the community, and a still stronger one in his denomination. As a preacher he is a person of facts rather than fancy. He preaches to the point, with entire command of all the bearings of his subject, and interests wholly by the language of religious instruction, which is imparted in a manner of unmistakable sincerity and serious- ness on the part of the speaker. These pages relate the career of no man who is more worthily doing the work of the ministry. 224 REV. GEORGE J. GEER, J). J)., ilTECTOTt. OF ST. TIJMZOTHY'S EPISCOI*^!^ CiXUKCII, NEW YORIC. BV. DE. GEOEGB J. GBER was born at Waterbury, CoBnecticut, February 24tb, 1821. His early studies "were at Cheshire Academy, which was under the direc- tion of the Eev. A. 0. Morgan, a well-known instructor that period. He was graduated at Trinity College, Hart- •^ ford, in 1842, and at the Episcopal General Theological Sem- inary, New York city, in 1845. He was made deacon in the latter year at Christ Church, Hartford, by Bishop Brownell, of Connecticut, and priest in 1846 at Christ Church, Balston Spa, by Bishop Delancey, of western New York. Soon after graduation he had been called to Christ Church, at Balston Spa, and he discharged the duties of a very efficient rectorship in this parish for seven years. At the end of this time he was invited to the more extended field of an assistant to the Eev.. Dr. Epbert S. Hpwland, at the Church of the Holy Apostle, in Ninth avenue, New York. He officiated in this parish from 1853 until November, 1863, a term of thirteen years. During the latter portion of this time he had received a call to the parish of St.. Timothy, in the upper section of the city, which he did not immediately accept, though he undertook to attend to the pulpit supply. At length, however, he accepted the call, and entered regularly upon the parish work in which he has since been engaged. Dr. Geer received his degree of D. D. from both Union and Columbia Colleges in the same year. St. Timothy's parish was founded by the Eev. Mr, Tracy, who desired to afford church accommodations for Episcopalians in the growing population of the up-town wards. The first preaching was in a.:Small building in. Fifty-first street; and in 1853 a church edifice was erected in Fifty -fourth street, west of ^Eighth avenue. This building was occupied by the congregation for seven years, until 1860, when it was sold to the Baptist congregation under the pastoral care 225 EEV. GEORGE J. GEEE, D.J). of the Eev. Dr. Williams. An eligible site on Fifty-seventh street was then purchased, where a chapel was erected, which was first occupied on Easter Day, 1867. This chapel has seating accommo- dations for five hundred people. A large portion of the site has been reserved for the " erection of a handsome church edifice at no distant day. A wealthy and highly respectable class of population are fast filling up all of this section, which is immediately adjacent to the Park, and the congregations here planted will in the future be the most numerous and important of the city. Dr. Geer is about of the average height, with a round figure. He is a person of active temperament and movements. His head is large and round, with regular features of much amiability. He has, in fact, one of those bright open faces which it is a pleasure to look at It has nothing sinister,' nothing ignoble, and nothing unpleasant about it You read in it the good heart, the faithfulness to moral and religious principles, and the culture and intelligence, which to- gether form the highest standard of character. His manners are not less agreeable to contemplate. He is not without dignity — and no clergyman should be — but it is modified by so much real, hearty good feeling and geniality that you are at once placed on the most friendly and intimate footing with him. No person ever went into his pre- sence, no matter of what station, who found him anything but cour- teous and genial, and at the same time did not think that he main- tained all the dignity and circumspection which were proper in his calling. Clothed with marked and many graces of character, Dr. Geer is peculiarly armed for his work in the field of the Lord. He goes about it with an earnest spirit and a cheerful heart,. He makes no failures, for he is persevering, and not less practical He always works harder than anybody else. Whatever may be the measure of his success, be it small or great, he is neither discouraged nor elated. But he keeps straight on. Cheerful and confident, bold and deter- mined, he sweeps away obstacle after obstacle, and, in the end, often astonishes those who are looking on, at his signal triumphs ; but never himself, as he has not allowed his sanguine nature to contemplate anything short of success. He is sanguine, but only so because he has faith in worlcs and prayer. Without these he expects nothing. As neither are never wanting, he has always a great hopefulness. He has been emphatically a worker in all the parishes he has been connected with. He does not believe in an ornamental inefficient 226 EEV. GKORGE J. GEEB, D. D. ministry, but in one that earns success by work, struggles, and tero- ism. If the sheep do not come to his flock, he goes after them. Self-sacrifice, toil, in season and out of it, vigilance, and faith, are the great sources upon which he relies. He does not stand aloof from his fellow-men, nor is he satisfied to do certain official things in an official way, but he is every man's friend and servant and comforter. His large heart, and his invincible spirit gave sincerity and force to all his undertakings, and he stands foremost among his cotemporaries for the earnestness and success of his whole ministerial career. As a preacher. Dr. Geer is sound, logical, and persuasive. He hp,s a good voice, and his manners are unexceptionable. He preaches as if he felt its responsibility, and his tender, while serious, woi'ds go far to arouse the same feeling in his hearers in regard to their own condition. The effect of this preaching is to awaken reflection. He does not send the audience home talking of extraordinary bursts of eloquence, but they go away edified and comforted in holy truths. 227 IlEV. F. W. GEISSENHimER, D. D., X^A-STOK OF ST. P^XJI^'S T^TTTHER.A.1V CHXJKCH, IeV. DE. FREDERICK WILLIAM GEISSENHAINBR was born at New Hauover, Montgomery county, Pennsyl- vania, June 28tli, 1797. His father was Rev. Dr. Fred- erick William G-eissenhainer, a native of Prussia, an earl3r Lutheran minister in this country, and a man of great <^ learning. This gentleman was distinguished for intelligence, and was particulary noted for thorough scholarship in Hebrew, Latin, and Greek. He was also a profound mathematician, mineralogist, and botanist, and of extensive scientific acquirements. He is said to have been the first to discover the value of anthracite coal for melting iron. For a number of years he officiated as pastor of Christ Lutheran Church in Frankfort street. New York. This church is well remembered as being the only church in New York, beside the Episcopalian, which escaped desecration at the hands of the English, it being attended by the Hessian soldiery, who were Lutherans. The senior Dr. Greissenhainer died in 1838. The subject of our present notice came to New York with his father at an early age, and received his education, both academic and theological, from his father and other instructors who were employed. He was licensed as a minister of the Lutheran Church in 1818 at the early age of twenty years. He was first settled over a congregation at Yincent, Chester county, Pennsylvania, where he remained ten years. He was then called to St. Matthew's Church, in Walker street, New York, where the services were conducted in English. He continued in this position about fourteen years. The congrega- tion of Christ Church at length became the possessors of the pro- perty of St Matthew's, and took that name. Dr. Geissenhainer now determined to found a new organization, and established his present church, known as St Paul's. The first preaching was in a hall in Eighth avenue. A church was erected in 228 EEV. F. W. GEISSENHAINEE, D. D. 1842 OD the corner of Sixth, avenue and Fifteenth street, mainly through the liberality of Dr. Geissenhainer himself. It is a fine stone structure, and the whole property is now valued at some eighty thou- sand dollars. Dr. Geissenhainer commenced his organization with eleven poor families : but the congregation has now one thousand three hundred communicants, and the Sunday school has between yix and seven hundred scholars. The principal service is in the German language, but one is in English, for the benefit of the young people, who, as a general thing, speak that language. Through Dr. Geis- senhainer's efforts and pecuniary means a large Lutheran Cemetery has been established. The Lutheran Church was established in the American colonies at an early period. There was a church in New York in 1659, which was called Trinity, and stood in Broadway, near Wall street, but was destroyed in the great fire after the city fell into the possession of the English, and another in Georgia in 1748. There was no general or- ganization of the church, however, until the arrival of Eev. Dr. Henry Melehoir Muhlenberg at Philadelphia, about 1742, who was a distin- guisbed European scholar, and. gathered the first synod or confer :nce of the ministers in that city. In 1795 there were from three to four hundred clergymen, and from four to five hundred congregations. There are now 2,309 pastors, 4,115 congregations, and 435,000 com- municants. During 1873 there was an increase of 134 pastors, 289 con- gregations, and 27,000 communicants. It is estimated that in the city of New York alone there are at least one hundred thousand Lutherans, who support thirteen churches. Pennsylvania and Ohio have the largest population of Lutheran believers. Missions are maintained by the American Church in Asia, Africa, Canada, and Texas. About three years since a theological seminary was established in Philadel- phia, for the education of young men for the ministry, which has a learned faculty of seven professors and about thirty students. At an earlier period of the church the want of such an institution was supplied by the appointment of four ministers, whose duty it was to instruct young men for the ministry. Eev. Dr. Geissenhainer, Sr., was one of these instructors. Dr. Geissenhainer is about the medium height, sparely made, and, for a man of his years, has a great amount of activity. His head is more long then round, and his face is very decidedly of the German type. His features are small and regularly molded, and his eyes are lit with a keen and often times merry twinkle, There is great REV. F. W. GEISSENHAINEE, D. 0. flexibility in his features, and all his emotions are vividly shown in his countenance. He is a person of much vivacity and cheerfulness of manners, and his conversational powers are such that he is a most attractive social companion. His manners are not only courteous, but so genial and unassuming that you find yourself, though a stran- ger, on the very best terms with him in the shortest possible time. He talks upon any and all subjects with knowledge, animation, and interest, and shows himself at once the profound scholar, the shrewd observer of the world's affairs, and the genial gentleman. Dr. Geissenhainer preaches an original and very practical sermon. He is a logical, pointed writer, as are all the thinkers of the German cast of mind ; and while he comes very directly to the idea he wishes to convey, his argument in maintaining every proposition is absolute and overwhelming. He deals mostly in those themes which invite a learned expounding of the scriptures, and a full exposition of the moral obligations which are incumbent upon mankind. His peo- ple go to him for religious instruction, and they get it It is given with the authority of a man holding a sacred commission to proclaim the truth, and likewise with the tender concern of a father, solicitous for their temporal and spiritual welfare. He has a clear, distinct voice, and is emphatic in his manner of delivery. He is equally acceptable as a speaker in the German or English languages, having them both fully at his command. There is an ever-present dignity and seriousness about him in the pulpit, and everything that he does is in evident recognition of the sacredness of the place and occasion, and of the responsibility resting upon him- self as a religious teacher. Dr. Geissenhainer has done a great work among the people of his ancestral raca While he has not wished to unlearn them in the language and habits of the Fatherland, he has been able, from his knowledge of the American people and society, to make the strangers at home in the new land, and at the altar of their religion. At St Paul's church the German language is spoken in all its purity, and' the forms and services are those of the European Lutheran church ; and still it is a congregation with its members loyal to the American government, and with all their interests identified with that of the country of their adoption. Their pastor, in his extensive scholarship and high moral character, is a fitting type of the great and good in the land beyond the sea, at the same time that he stands prominent as an American citizen, and one of the foremost theological expound- ers of the American Church. 230 REY. CHAMCEY GILES, PASTOK OF THE NE^W JEKXJHA-I^EM HOUSE OF AVOKSHII*, NEAV YOKIt. EV. CHAUlSrCBY GILES was bom at Oharlemont, Franklin county, MassacTiu setts, May lltli, 1813. His early studies were at a semiaary under the charge of Eev. James Ballard, at Bennington, Yermont He entered Williams College, but was obliged to withdraw by reason of ill. "' ^ health. He taught school for several years at Fishkill, Eoch- ester, and Palmyra, in the State of New York. In 1840 he re- moved to Ohio, and continued teaching at Hamilton, Lebanon, and Pomeroy until 1853. He had been converted to the Swedenborgian or New Jerusalem faith while settled at Lebanon in 1846 ; and while at Pomeroy in May, 1853, he was licensed and ordained to preach. There are three degrees in the Swedenborgian ministry, in the first of which the minister is allowed to preach and baptize ; in the second, to ad- minister the Lord's Supper and solemnize marriage ; and in the third, authority to ordain is given. Mr. Giles passed regularly through these degrees. In 1854 he was called to the First New Jerusalem Society in Cincinnati, where he remained until May, 1864. At the latter date he accepted the pastorship of the First Society in New York, over which he has now been settled nine years. The First Society has a large and tasteful edifice on Thirty-fifth street, between Park and Lexington avenues, and is the only organi- zation of the kind in New York. There are one hundred and fifty members, and the attendance is about four hundred. The Sunday School has over one hundred scholars. The congregation own three lots, and the original improvements cost about sixteen thousand dol- lars, all of which was paid. The church has been enlarged at an ex- pense of seventeen thousand dollars. The New Jerusalem Church is founded on the doctrines first broached by Emanuel Swedenborg, a Swedish philosopher and re- ligious writer, who was bom in Stockholm, January 29th, 1688, and 231 EEV. CHAUNCET GILES. t died in London, March 29t'h, 1772. His first religious work, pub- lished in 1749, under the title of " Arcana Celestia ;" or, " Heavenly Arcana which are contained in the Sacred Scriptures, or Word of the Lord, laid open, beginning with Genesis, together with Eelations of "Wonderful Things seen in the World of Spirits and the Heaven of Angels." He says, in regard to this work : " It is not unknown to me that many will say that a man can never speak with the spirits and angels while he lives in the body ; and many that it is fantasy ; others that I relate such things to gain credit ; and others other things ; but I do not hesitate on this account, for I have seen, have heard, have touched." He published his last work at Amsterdam, in 1771, under the title of " The True Christian Eeligion, containing the Uni- versal Theology of the New Church foretold by the Lord in Daniel, chap, xii, 13, 14, and in the Apocalypse, chap, xxi, 1, 2." When on his death-bed, he was asked " to declare whether all he had written was strictly true, or whether any part or parts thereof were to be ex- cepted." He replied with warmth : " I have written nothing but the truth, as you will have it more confirmed hereafter all the days of your life, provided you always keep close to the Lord, and faithfully serve him alone, in shunning evils of all kind as sins against him, and diligently search his Word, which, from beginning to end, bears incontestible testimony to the truth of the doctrines I have delivered to the World."- "There are a number of well authenticated cases in which Swe- denborg communicated facts," says another, " his knowledge of which is deemed by the receivers of his doctrines wholly inexplicable with- out supposing him to have had communication with the spiritual world. He never sought, however, to make any demonstration of this knowledge, nor does he anywhere in his published works appeal to them as evidences of his mission or the truth of his doctrines. They seem to have been mere incidents of his life." The following account is given of the comparative increase and forms of the New Church : "A century lias elapsed since the commencement of the New Churoli, and the number of those who openly profess to be receivers of its doctrines and members of the church is still comparatively small. It is greatest in the United States and England. These doctrines find, however, zealous advocates in France, G-ermany, Sweden, Switzerland, and indeed, in almost every portion of the Christian world. In England there is a General Conference of the Kew Church, which holds an annual session in different parts of the kingdom. In the United States there is 232 EEV. CHATTKCET GILES. also a General Convention of tlie Ne-w Church, which meets annually in different places. There are church societies in both countries not in connection with these organizations. The General Conference has published a liturgy which is very gen- erally used in England; A liturgy has also been published, and from time to time revised, by the General Convention of the New Church of the United States. Several periodicals, both in England and America, are devoted to the elucidation and dissemination of its doctrines, and various able writers have published works for the same purpose. In the public worship of the New Church, in this country, generally speaking, no prayer but the Lord's prayer is used. The music consists mostly, and in many places entirely, of chants and anthems, the words of which are taken from the sacred Scriptures. The liturgy of the General Convention, be- sides the liturgized portion of the Book, contains two hundred and forty pages of scriptural selections, with suitable chants and anthems. The words of Scripture are regarded by the New Church as possessing an influence and a power in worship, whether in prayer or singing, altogether above those of any merely human composi- tion.'' The New Church was first established in the United States about 1820, in Baltimore. It is strongest in Massachusetts. The New Jerusalem Messenger, the organ of the denomination, is published in Boston. There is one society in New York, another in Brooklyn, and another in Hoboken. Mr. Giles is regarded as one of the most powerM writers of his denomination. He is the author of several books respectively en- titled " The Incarnation, Death, and Mediation of the Lord Jesus Christ ;" " The Nature of Spirit, and of Man as a Spiritual Being ;" " Heavenly Blessedness, Meet it is, and How Attained ; a Series of Discourses on the Beatitudes;" "Yital Questions Answered," and of many published sermons. In his personal appearance Mr. Giles is plain and unassuming, with much of the clerical dignity. He is under the medium height, well-proportioned, and active. He is evidently one of those men who can endure a great deal of patient labor without feeling it any tax upon a strong and vigorous body and mind, and also one of those who prefer to make no parade of anything that is accom- plished. His head is round, with a prominent brow, and otherwise intelligent and amiable features. His manners are courteous and friendly ; but there is always a reserve and modesty about him, un- less he is specially brought forward. He has a mild and cheerful disposition, and a frankness and amiability which are particularly engaging with young people, over whom he has always exerted a most happy influence both as teacher and minister. Mr. Giles is an interesting and impressive preacher, without the slightest effort on his part at anything like display. Indeed, his. Ian- 233 KEY. CHAUNCEY GILES. guage and manner are simple and undemonstrative in the extreme, but characterized by a great deal of religious solemnity. His ser- mons are replete with argument — sometimes, too, of a deeply meta- physical character ; but the great feature is a tender and affecting lelucidation in regard to those impulses in the human mind and heart which are to be trained into the fully developed religious na- ture. The tsarnal and the spiritual conditions, the sins which debase, and the perfect love which elevates, the soul's yearnings for the higher state of heavenly beatitude, the road by faith and works to attain it — all these, and others, are the constant themes which absorb the mind of the Swedenborgian minister. Mr. Giles, like all his brethren in that ministry, discusses them in a manner which is most likely to arrest the attention of the reflective hearer. They do not desire to effect conversion by the powers of oratory or rhetoric, but by establishing the doctrines as accepted and understood truth in the mind and conscience. They appeal to intelligence, to conviction of moral and religious duty, and to the impulses of human nature, sof- tened and bettered by the baptism of love and religion. In making all this plain there is abundant room for the use of learning, biit more especially for the exercise of keen powers of theological and philoso- phical reasoning. The Swedenborgian ministers and authors excel in these particulars, and the people at large are noted as a most in- telligent class of believers. , Mr. Giles is greatly esteemed, not only for his intellectual talents, but for a consistent, upright private life. He became a convert to his particular faith by a long and earnest course of investigation, and since its public adoption he has always sought to exemplify his doc- trines, as far as possible, by his daily practicea He has a stern re- solution in maintaining his principles, and a deep conscientiousness in regard to all his actions. While he is without a vain and selfish ambition, still he is desirous to achieve a distinction which may be useful to his denomination and the cause of morals and religion gen- erally. To this end he has already devoted his fine intellectual abilities as a writer and preacher, with a success which is affirmed by the popularity of his literary works as denominational books, and his high position as a pulpit expounder. 234 REV. A. D. GILLETTE, D. D., OF THE A.M:EIirCA.]V A.TiT> arOBEIOIf BIBILiE SOCIETY, TVE^V YOKKL. )EY. D"R. A. D. GILLETTE was bom at Cambridge, "Washington county, New York, Sept. 8tli, 1807. He is one of four brothers who entered the ministry, only one of whom beside himself is now living. His education was obtained at the District School and the Greenville Academy, "Washington connty. He pursued a theological course at Madi- son rTniversity, and also privately, likewise enjsying the privileges of a university student at Union College. In September, 1831, he was ordained at Scheiaectady, and installed as pastor of the Baptist church in that city, where he remained nearly four years. He be- came pastor of Sansom street Baptist Church, Philadelphia, in May, 1835, in which position he continued until 1839, when he went to the Eleventh street church, a congregation formed out of the Sansom street organization. In 1852 he was called to New York, to take charge of Calvary Baptist Church, now in West Twenty-third street, but formerly known as the Broadway Baptist Church. He received the degree of A. M. from Union College, and that of D. T>. from -Madison University. Many invitations have been addressed to him to take other positions in the pastorate, and from various institutions. He was twice, in an interval of four years, elected chaplain of the University of Yirginia, at Charlottesville. He wrote, in conjunction with his elder brother, Eev. W. B. Gillette, a memoir of Eev. D. H. Gillette, and is also the author of a life of Dr. A. Judson, of Burmah, several pamphlets, published sermons, and some fugitive poetry and prose in newspapers and magazines. He introduced the missionary, Judson, to the lady who subsequently became his wife, and. he en- joyed relations with them, and the cause in which both were distin- guished, of the most intimate natura In January, 1864, he left Calvary Church to become the pastor of the First Baptist Church in "Washington, D. 0., where he remained 235 EEV. A. D. GILLETTE, D. D. five years. Having lost his health he went to Europe, and passed a year in agreeable relaxation. After his return he took the pastoral care of the Gethsemane Baptist Church, Brooklyn, for a year and eight months. He then became Corresponding Secretary of the American and Foreign Bible Society, which position he still holds. Dr. Gillette is slightly above the average height, and broad in proportion. His complexion and hair are light. His manners are easy and cordial, and his conversation is fluent. He evidently makes no claim to unusual dignity, but desires to appear an unassuming gentleman. He is of a cheerful, hopeful disposition, and friendsMps made with him are generally lasting. He preaches with considerable power and eloquence. His text is well-elucidated, and he always embellishes his sermons with efforts of his fancy. ' His impulses are quick, and he is disposed to take the brighter view of life's pictures. This is soon apparent in all inter- course with him, and is particularly observable in his writings. He is a great comforter for the sorrowing heart. With a nicer skill than any surgeon in the case of a physical wound, he seeks to extract the fangs of grief. He is not satisfied with cold, formal, professional words, but his own bosom is filled with concern until the darkness of sorrow in the heart of his friend yields to the softly falling rays of generous, kindly consolation. There is no sky in which he cannot find a star ; no fate in which he cannot discern a good Providence ; no destiny which he cannot make beautiful with hope. In these and tlie other social duties of a pastor he is greatly and justly appre- ciated. Dr. Gillette is very popular with his brethren of the ministry of all denominations. In every good work he is found among the fore- most, assisting with discreet counsels and laboring with a heroic spirit His genial nature, his cheering confidence, and his eminent piety, everywhere, and at all times, commend him as a congenial and successful co-laborer. Widely known, universally beloved, an ac- complished student, a popular preacter, the name and qualifications of Dr. Gillette find no mean place in the annals of the metropolitan clergy. 236 REY. EZRA H. GILLETT, D. D., UA.TH PASTOR. OF THE HCARIjEM: PREiSBYTE- KrAJV CHURCH, TfETV YORIK. lEV. DR EZEA H. GILLBTT was born at Colchester, Connecticut, July 15th, 1823. He prepared for college at Bacon Academy in that town, under Myron N. Morris, and, entering Yale College, was graduated at that institu- tion in 1841. After graduation he studied a full term at the Union Theological Seminary, New York, where he had charge of the library in 1844. and was graduated the same year. He was licensed by the Third Presbytery of New York, and in December, 1844, commenced preaching as a supply in the pulpit of the Harlem Presbyterian Church. In. the spring of 1845 he was invited to be- come the pastor, and, having accepted the call, was ordained and installed on the 16th of April following. In 1846, the synod of New York and New Jersey divided the Third Presbytery, forniing the Fourth, and attached this church to it Dr. Gillett remained pastor until April, 1870, a period of twenty five years. At first the church was very feeble, having only fourteen membei-s, but it finally became a prosperous body. A new church edifice was dedicated August 22d, 1844, which was sold many years after, and the present fine property on One Hundred and Twenty-fifth street purchased. In 1872 a Lecture Eoom was erected on a portion of this site, and a large main edifice is to be built . Dr. GUlett is now Professor of Political Science in the University of the city of New York, to which he was appointed in 1869. He preaches frequently in New York and vicinity. Dr. Gillett received his degree of D. D. from Hamilton College, New York, in 1864. He is the author of the following works, viiz : " A translation of Luther's Commentary on the Epistles of Peter and Jude," ono volume ; "Life and Times of John Huss," two volumes ; " History of the Presbyterian Church in the United States," two volumes ; "Life Lessons," one volume ; " England Two Hundred Years Ago ;" 237 EEV. EZRA H. GILLETT, D. D. " Ancient Cities and Empires : their Prophetic Doom read in the Light of History and Moslem Eesearch," one volume, and " What Then? or the Soul's To-morrow," a tract. Most of these volumes have been published bj the Presbyterian Publication Committee, Philadelphia. Dr. Grillett is of the mediuni height, sparely made, erect, and ac- tive. His head is round, with an agreeable face, having small, regular features. His brow shows a great deal of intellectual de- velopment, and his sharp, clear eyes, beam with peculiar intelligence. His manners are simple and courteous, and evince an humble and obliging disposition. Indeed, there is something particularly notice- able in the perfect humility of Dr. Grillett's- character. He has made himself somewbat famous as a preacher and author, and still he does not seem to be aware of it, or does not care about it, He arrogates nothing to himself in the way of pride and dignity, and while he toils in the same direction with unabated zeal, it is evidently for the purpose of doing good rather than to satisfy any ambition of his own. As an instance of his personal feelings, it may be mentioned that he never uses his honorary title in any of his works which remain under his control. On more than one occasion he refused offers of posi- tions wbich were pecuniarily much more to his advantage than the pastorship he held. He is a great' student and teacher, and he has devoted no- inconsiderable part of his income to the collection of a rare and extensive library, which is the source of all the pride he allows himself to feel. In his library and out of it, at home, books are his companions. His mind is a perfect encyclopaedia of well digested lore, covering the whole limit of learned and polite literature. His memory is little less than wonderful, and whatever he reads is accurately retained for after use. In his writings he is fond of illus- trations from other minds, and he is prolific of those references which take tbe widest range. He seldom uses notes in the pulpit, and it is said that in two hours after preparing his longest discourse he has every line of it committed to memory. Many of his sermons are en- tirely extemporaneous. Dr. Grillett is one of the ablest preachers in the New York pulpit His sermons are powerful in argument and in diction, if written, and are scarcely less profound, while more fervent and touching in lan- aruage, when extemporaneous. He is fluent, and his active, eager mind turns from point to point and topic to topic with the facility given by inexhaustible resources of scholarship and observation. 238 GUSTAY GOTTHEIL, PH.D., ASISOCIA.TI: KA.BJ3I AJS!T» ENOLISH I»TtEA.ClII2Il OF THE TEM:I»IjE EMCA-TSTTJEIj, NETT YOKKL. ^EY. DE. GUSTAV GOTTHBIL was bom at Pinne. May 28th, 1827. His elementary and Hebrew education was in the local schools, and his classical and rabbinical studies were at Posen. Later, he pursued an academical course at the University of Berlin, and a theological course under tbe direction of Funz, Lebrecht, Steinschneider, and Holdheim. In 1855 he was appointed one of the ministers to a reform congregation at Berlin, and in 1860 was elected rabbi of the Congregation of British Jews in Manchester, England. He gave evidence of high scholarship and much force of character in both of these positions, and drew upon himself the attention of the religious and intelligent classes. In 1873 he was elected one of the rabbis of the Temple Emanuel, New York, and entered upon his duties in the autumn of that year. Some months before he had visited New York, and been received by the congregation, when he returned to Manchester, and made his preparations for a permanent residence in New York. The eminent Eev. Dr. Samuel Adler for many years has been the rabbi and German preacher of the congregation, and Dr. Gottheil was called as his associate, and as a preacher in the Englisb language. He receives a salary of six thousand dollars a year, and, as is the custom with the Israelites, the contract is for a term of years. The semces of the Jewish ritual are highly interesting, and tbe reform temples of New York, especially, are visited by many Chris- tians. The language of the prayers and chants in the Hebrew, and German and English translations, is exceedingly solemn and beauti- ful. An impressive part is the opening of the Ark and taking out of the Pentateuch, or scrolls of the law, which the poet Croswell thus delicately describes : " The two-leaved doors slide slow apatt Before the eastern screen, As rise the Hebrew harmonies, With chanted prayers between ; 239 REV. GT7STAV GOTTHEIL, PH D. And mid the tissued rails disclosed. Of many a gorgeous dye, Enveloped in their jeweled scarfs, The sacred records Ue." Aside from the interest of the services, there are reflections which naturally arise in the sanctuary of this extraordinary people. These are the children of Israel, the early people of Grod, and through ages a scattered and persecuted race. Contemplate them in awful cove- nant with the Creator of mankind ; trace them in the splendid eras' of their greatness ; remember them when " the vail of the temple was rent in twain from the top to the bottom ; and the earth did quake," in the dying hour of the rejected king ; behold them exiles from their country, and pilgrims throughout the earth. Grandest of the nations of antiquity, most scorned of all peoples of modern time, they have a distinctiveness from all other races, and have been as proudly Jews in shame as ever in glory. Heathen and Christian governments and communities have alike persecated them ; they have been reviled and spit upon, massacred and trodden under foot ; but they have exult- ingly foretold a day when Judea should again be grpat, with her new- come Messiah, her re-united tribes, and her uprisen temples. Dr. Gottheil is of the average height, with a round and erect figure. He is in the prime of physical development and activity, and he shows it in his constant energy and buoyancy of spirits. His manners are extremely polite and fascinating. He has a large head, with a full face, which is equally expressive of intelligent and amiable characteristics. In social life he is greatly admired, for his polish and ease of manners, and his warm and genial disposition, while in his public relations he also exerts the widest possible in- fluence. He preaches with much vigor of mind and eloquence of delivery. A learned man, he has also those quick and keen natural powers of penetration which go to the root of every thing, and he is a close ob- server of both events and men. Hence he always speaks with a clear understanding of his theme, and with opinions of human affairs which are based on sound knowledge and judgment Distinguished in other lands for talents, virtues, and success, he is not likely to fall short of extended renown and usefulness in the one which is the scene of his present labors, 210 REY. CHARLES H. HALL, D. D., BECTOH OF THE CHURCH OF THE HOLY TRINITY, (EPISCOPA.L,,) I3IlOOICi^YI»f. IBY. DR CHARLES H. HALL was born at Augusta, Georgia, November 7th, 1820. When quite young he attended an academy at Andover, Mass., and was graduated at Yale College in 1842. His theological studies were partly in private, and one year at the General Episcopal Theo- logical Seminary, New >York city. He was ordained deacon by the Right Rev. Benjamin T. Onderdonk, Bishop of New York, at St Paul's Church, Red Hook, in 1844, and priest by Bishop Brownell of Connecticut, at Fair Haven in that^tate, in November, 1845. His first settlement was as rector of St John's Chureb, Huntington, Long Island, in 1845, where he remained two years. At Easter, 1847, he took charge of the Church of the Holy Inno- cents, at West Point, officiating likewise as the pastor for the Military Academy. After remaining at West Point two years, he removed to South Carolina, where he became rector of St John's Church, St John's Island, which position he held for eight years. In 1856, he was called to the rectorship of the Church of the Epiphany, Wash- ington, one of the most wealthy' and influential parishes of that city. The congregation was composed about equa,lly of northerners and southerners. Among the latter were Jefferson Davis and his family. During the whole period ;of the war, Mr. Davis' pew was occupied by Secretary of War Stanton. Several of the chief officers of the government and army were regular attendants. It required great address and firmness on the part of Dr. Hall to preserve calmness and Christian concord in his congregation at such a time of public excitement, regarding the war, at the capital of the nation. "Pew men," says a recent authentic statement, "would have succeeded in. standing clear of oiTense, especially at a period when churches were too often turned into political assembly-houses, and our preachers forgot the gospel of Christ in that of the Constitution. Dr. Hall, 211 EEV. CHAELES H. HALL, D. D. however, was pre-eminently the right man in the right place. Eeal- izing his high vocation as an ambassador of Christ, he determined to know nothing and to preach nothing among his people save ' Jesus Christ and Him crucified.' At this the young and headstrong were discontented — they wanted political harangues and party denuncia- tions. The graver and wiser members, however, approved his course. Secretaries and statesmen did not go to church to learn politics from their clergj^men ; and thus, through all the heat and fever of that nervous time, the rector of the Church of the Epiphany steered his. pastoral bark safely through the smooth waters of a tranquil Chris- tian faith. He believed firmly in the great doctrines of the nation, and that however dark appeared the national horizon, a morning of joy would at length break upon the night of heaviness, and the storm-clouds of war and hatred would, in God's good time, pass away." Dr. Hall preached a sermon of great power and impressiveness on Easter day, 1865, the second day after the assassination of Presi- 'dent Lincoln. In October of the same year, he delivered another on "Conscience: in its Eelation to the duties of the citizens of the State," which was published, and dedicated to his parishioner, the late Hon. Edwin M. Stanton. He was the rector of the Church of the Epiphany for a period of twelve years, and by his position ob- tained a national reputation for learning and eloquence. On the election of the Eev. Dr. A. K Littlejohn, then rector of the Church of the Holy Trinity, Brooklyn, to the newly-created bishopric of Long Island, a call was extended to Dr. Hall to become the rector of this important parish. He accepted, and entered npon his duties on March 1st, 1869, and has secured a wide popularity. Holy Trinity Church is a splendid stone pile on the corner of Clinton and Montague streets, a section which is known as Brook- lyn Heights. This church was erected by the munificence of Edgar J. Bartow, Esq., a citizen of Brooklyn. It was designed by that greatest of American architects, the late Lefevre, and the found- ation was commenced on April 1st, 1844. The cost of the property was not less than one hundred and seventy-five thousand dollars, which was then regarded as a very large sum to expend for a church site and edifice. The church was entirely completed by Mr. Bartow, with the exception of the spire. The rear portion of the main building is a chapel, and there is also a fine rectory on Moutague street There are two hundred and twenty-six pews, which will seat EEV. CHAELES H. HALL, D. D. about twelve hundred people. This grand and capacious edifice was first opened for religious services on Trinity Sunday, Aj)ril 25th, 1847. The chapel had been opened on Trinity Sunday, June 7th, 1846. Being private property, it was not consecrated for several years, during which time it was under the rectorship of the Eev. Dr. Lewis, a relation of the owner. I>r. Lewis formerly had charge of Calvary Church, and the original Holy Trfnity congregation was largely made up from this parish. At length, Mr. Bartow became involved in pecuniary difficulties, and the church was found to be mortgaged, chiefly for business indebtedness', to the amount of one hundred thousand dollars. In the spring of 185S a sale of the cburch, under a third mortgage for over thirty thousand dollars, was about to take place, when si^ch arrangements were made that it passed into the possession of the congregation. The church was consecrated in the autumn of 1856. Though laboring under a debt of more than thirty thousand dollars, prosperity at once dawned upon the parish. Dr. Littlejohn was now called. During his rectorship the debt was paid off, and the church fully completed by the addition of the spire, which is two hundred and eighty-four feet high. The contributions during the year 1863 were nearly twenty-seven thou- sand dollars. In January of the same year over twenty thousand dollars were laid on the altar at one time for the reduction of the debt, which, with the income from the pews, gave the handsome sum of nearly forty tho'iisand dollars for the year. In eight, years the contributions were two hundred and sixty thousand dollars. In 1864 the number of communicants was three hundred and ten, whereas at this time the number is five hundred and fifty. The regular Sunday school has three hundred children, and a large Mission Sunday school is maintained on Fulton Avenue. Dr. Hall received his degree of D. D. in 1860, from three col- leges at the same time, viz : Columbia College, New York, Hobart College, Geneva, and St James College, Maryland. Beside a large number of sermons, he has published two important works. These are " Notes on the Gospels," in two volumes, and " True Protestant Eitualisra," a reply to the work of Bishop Hopkins entitled "The Law of Ritualism." In this latter work he states in a very learned and forcible manner the views of the Low Church branch of the Episcopal denomination. He hold^s that Eitualism is antagonistic alike to the Gospel and the Church. Dr. Hall is of the medium height, well-proportioned, erect, and EEV. CHARLES H. HALL, D. D. active. His liead is more long than round, but every part of it is finely cast and strictly intellectual. The brow is especially perfect, rising, as it does, large and high from the very eyebrows, while beneath the deep-set, but bright, and dark, firm eyes beam forth in never-ceasing iatelligence and gentleness. His dark hair is slowly changing to an iron-gray, and his face has the full maturity of a per- son of his years. His manners are courteous, self-possessed, and dignified. From both his countenance and manners you are instantly impressed with the ability and agreeable personal qualities of the man. If ever a face was a window to the mind, this one surely is, and the same vivid interpretation can be attained from his demeanor. You see that he is a man of great power of mind and energy. His natural ability and acquired learning rest on the broadest possible foundations, and his industry and perseverance in any and all labor are of the most positive and vigorous kind. Kind-hearted and gentle for most occasions, he can be lion-hearted and inflexible when these qualities are necessary. A clergyman and student, and a book- worm as he is, still he is a shrewd observer of all the world's affairs and of mankind. His eyes see everything that comes before him, and his brain penetrates to every source and means of human information. He is learned, and he is well-informed, he is a conscientious priest, but not less an observing man. With these traits of character, with this thoroughness of education and observation, with this complete self-possession and energy, he is eminently fitted for the highest success in the ministry. He is a safe guide and example in all things. He makes no mistakes in his policy or proceedings, and he holds up no uncertain lights for himself or anybody else. Far-seeing, prac- tical, self-reliant and courageous., he is one who is the master of every situation, and natm-ally a leader of men. In all his parishes he has stood among the people as their devoted and fearless spiritual and moral guide, and his marked talents and personal character have been such as to awaken the utmost confidence and respect. The soldiers of Napoleon never relied more on the wisdom and ability of their great chieftain than do the parishioners of this able divine on his leadership in the path of Christian duty. Dr. Hall, in his published works and sermons, has shown a fine literary taste and remarkable vigor of diction. He writes in smooth, terse, compact sentences, and his arguments are logical in the ex- trema He has imagination in his style of illustrating beautiful and origiual thoughts, but he is far from being impassioned, or simply 244 REV. CHARLES H. HALL, D. D. giving teed to elegance of oratory. He reasons everything. He looks simply to the doubts and obstacles in every subject, and he addresses himself solely to their overthrow. Scholarship, literary experience, fluency of brain, and the ready pen, are all brought into active service, with results which are alike creditable to him as a thinker and writer. Hence his books and his sermons are very readable, and have had an extensive circulation among the learned and religious classes. The pulpit has few, if any, in it, of more power with the multi- tude, than Dr. Hall. He is in no sense sensational, and practices no arts to attract attention or win approvaL In fact, he shows how needless all these things are with a preacher of actual power of mind. Intelligence of a high or the lowest order can no more turn away from these sermons, in which the scholar and logician so brilliantly appear, than the magnetic needle can turn from the pole. It is an array of logical, well expressed ideas, which only the fool can fail to appreciate. It is not a mere pleasing of the fancy and taste with choice diction, but it is an unfolding of a great and comprehensive mind. Seeking light you find, it; asking for bread you do not get a stone. 215 PiEY. JOHN HALL, D.D., PASTOR Ori THE FIFTH ^VEI^tJE PRESBY- TEKIA.I«f CHURCH, TfEW YORK. PEV..DK. JOHN HALL was bora in the county of Ar- magh, Ireland, July 31st, 1829. His ancestors removed &oin Scotland to the north of Ireland in one of those ex- tensive emigrations whicli gave character to the province of Ulster, designating it as Protestant, in contrast with the south of Ireland, which is almost wholly Catholic. He first saw the light in the house occupied by his family for six suc- cessive g-enerations. His father was an .elder in the Presbyterian Church, and a man also of social influence. At the early age of thirteen lie was entirely prepared to enter Belfast College, where he carried off a prize for Hebrew. Having been graduated, he became a convert in the church of his fathers, and entered upon a course of studies for the ministry. He proved himself the foremost of his class, iuniformly taking prizes at the examinations. In June, 1849, he was licensed to preach by the Presbytery of Belfast. He at once accepted a call, not from a congregation, but from his own class, to go as their missionary to a station among a Eomaa Catholic popu- lation in the west of Ireland. Only twenty years of age, and fresh from the academic halls, it was a trying position for him, but he ■showed himself equal to all its demands. More than this, he re- ceived a training which was a greal after service to him. He was next called to the church at Armagh, the capital of the county of the same name, -and the seat of the archi episcopal see of the Primate of Ireland, where he was installed June 30th, 1852. Of him in this pastor- ship it was said : " Youthful, healthful, and vigorous, he devoted himself most earnestly to all departments of pastoral work. Labor- ing unceasingly all day, and studying frequently all night, his influ- ence now began to tell upon the country. In 1858 he accepted a call to the Church of Many's Abbey, now U6 -=^S-b)-AS"E;Tctiie. REV. JOHN HALL, D. D. Rutland Square, in Dublin, where lie took his stand foremost among the preachers of the Irish Capital, and its men of letters and public influence. His scholarly investigations were given, not only to usual theological studies, but to those matters of science which some of the most brilliant intellects of tlie Old World were attempting to turn against the Bibla He received from the Queen the honorary appointment of Commissioner of Education for Ireland, and per- formed its responsible duties, without fee or reward, until his re- moval to the -United States. With his usual earnestness of spirit, he sought to secure to his countrymen an undenominational educa- tion and literatura His name was proposed for the moderatorship of the Irish General Assembly, but though personally popular, he was defeated on account of his known opposition to religious estab- lishments. In 1867 he was a delegate of the Irish General Assem- bly to the Presbyterian Church of the United States. He was received by the Old School General Assembly, in session at Cin- cinnati, the New School at Rochester, and by other Presbyterian bodies, with a great deal of warmth and courtesy. His addresses and sermons, wherever delivered, were extremely eloquent. About this period, the Fifth Avenue Presbyterian Church of New York was seeking a pastor ; and, though Jh. Hall had never been heard by the members, a unanimous call was extended to him in the autumn following his visit to the United States. He at once accepted, so deeply had he been interested in the country, and was installed on the evening of November 3d, 1867. The Fifth avenue and Nineteenth street congregation, belong- ing formerly to the Old-school branch of the Presbyterian Ghmrch, many years since worshiped in <3edar street; then reraoved to Duane; and finally constructed a fine edifice ok the corner of Fifth avenue and Ninteenth street For a long period it was under the pastoral charge of the distinguisiied Rev. Dr. James W. Alexander, In April, 1861, the Rev. Dr. N. L. Rice, a very learned and emi- nent man from the Kentucky, St. Louis and Chicago churches, be- came the pastor, who, in turn, was succeeded by Dr. Hall. Since the coming of Dr. Hall, the congregation has, in fact, grown and strengthened in every way. Crowds attend each service, and great vitality and personal zeal are shown in all branches of the Christian work. Dr. Hall has certainly secured the warmest affection of the people. His week-day services, and his Bible class, are attended both by his own members, and those of other denominations. 247 BEV. JOHN HALL, D. D, At the date of this writing, a magnificent church is in course of construction for this congregation, on the corner of Fifth avenue and Fiftj-fifth street, over a mile and three-quarters further up town than the church corner of Nineteenth street. The corner-stone was laid with appropriate ceremonies, on Monday, June 9th, 1873, and the completed building will cost four hundred thousand dollars. Dr. Hall is much above the medium height, and has a large, full, sturdy-looking figure. He has plenty of bone and strength. There is force of brain and of body. His head is round, with marked in- tellectual characteristics, and a cast of features peculiar to the cul- tivated Irishman. His manners are not without dignity, but they are always most respectful and agreeable with all persons. His ap- pearance is clerical, as he adheres to the " white cravat " and the plain attire of the early ministers. A man of scholarly taste, and thorough devotion to the manifold duties of the ministerial posi- tion, he is cheerful and animated in all social intercourse. He is frank and genial, has just and generous views on all subjects, and quickly endears himself to those with whom he comes in contact You at once discover, however, that lie is a person of strong charac ter, and capable of exerting a powerful influence by reason of both great talents and energies. Hopeful and earnest, able and conscien- tious, he shows a happy union of those qualities which are pleasing in social life and invaluable in a public career. His contributions in the religious press are frequent and able. He is in much demand as a speaker on public occasions. It is his custom to spend his summer vacations in Ireland, where he passes a few months among his relations, and ministerial friends. Dr. Hall is a profound theological scholar — not one of your sur face, showy men. He is one who has spent midjiight oil to some purpose— one who has gained a clearness, and power of understand- ing that illuminate and expound the deeper topics of theological and classical scholarship. His doctrines are matters of faith, but his preaching is a scholarly ~ labor. He aims not at eloquence, at fine writing, at sentiment and fancy, but he seeks, with all the ability and force of a profound mind, to expound the Scriptures, and discuss human motives and duties. In law there are pettifoggers and spe- cial pleaders ; and in the ministry there are sophists and talkers of commonplaces. . He is great, indeed, in any sphere, who is entitled to be called an expounder. In such a man there must be a breadth and scope of intellect which approach to the godlike. Before it, the 248 lesser understandings are dwarfed and dumb. Before it, doubts, misconceptions, and ignorance are no more than mists meeting the effulgent sun. Dr. Hall is an expounder of tbe Scriptures. He teaches them as he explains them. He does not merely make statements, but he proves assertions. He argues, illustrates, examines, penetrates, and convinces. It is not prudent for sceptics to talk with him, or listen to his sermons. He has an armor of scholarship which has served him in many a tilt with heresy and irreligion, and he has those keen powers of natural intelligence which give the greatest force to argu- ment and persuasion. When a man is converted under the preach- ing of Dr. Hall, he is not likely to have any doubts either as to faith or his duty. He will have not only an awakened soul, but an un- derstanding mind. He will feel that his feet have been turned' into a new path, and also know that his own mind has been so enlight- ened that he is capable of guiding them aright in the future. We do not call Dr. Hall an orator, in the common acceptation of that term. He makes no demonstrations, he is calm ajtid moder- ate in both language and gestures, and still he is deeply impressive. But it is the impressiveness of dignity, of solemnity, and of learning. There is solid intellectual and religious food foi' the mind, and there is the pathetic appeal to principle and duty. All is said kindly, but forcibly. All is said under a full conviction of obligation on the part of the speaker, and with no motive or policy in regard to any person or circumstance. His heart and mind are fully interest- ed in his efforts. Standing immeasurably above any human influ- ence or ambition, and as eager for the attention and salvation of the beggar as the millionaire, he is a preacher who has won fame by a consistency and devotedness which are worthy of all imitation. His ministry has been a great success in all places, and this end is the sum of his ambition and pride. 249 REV. BENJAMIN L HAIGHT, D.D., ONE OF THE A.S©IST^]VT IHINISTERS OF TRIPf- , ITY ■ 3E»JlRISII, OmCI-A-TIlVG A.T ST. P^TJI^'S Crii.) , EV. THOMAS A. T. HANJSTA was born in the North of Ireland, August 6th, 1842. The family removed to Scotland, where he lived until seven years of age, when they came to the United States. His father was a far- mer in Ireland. His grandfather was the Eev. Dr. Alexander Corson, a well known Irish writer on Baptism, Church Government, and Providence. He has one brother already in the ministry in Philadelphia, and another is now pursu- ing his studies. His own early studies were in the public schools of New York, where he proved himself a pupil of great promise. Having entered the Madison University, a, Baptist institution in the village of Hamilton, Madison county. New York, he was graduated in 1864, and in theology in 1866. He was licensed to the Baptist ministry in 1862, and in August, 1866, was ordained and installed as pastor of the Central Baptist church in the Eastern District of Brooklyn. He is now the pastor of the Fifth Baptist Church in the same section of that city. Mr. Hanna is of the medium height, equally proportioned, and has all the vigor and energy natural to a person of his years. He has a head of the average size, with regular, intelligent features. He is a modest-bearing young man, but has strong points of char- acter. He is devotedly pious, and religion with him is an inborn rule of his thoughts and life. In his disposition he is calm and thoughtful, and he is a lover of study and serious reflection. He is courteous and genial with all with whom he comes in contact, but there is always a degree of seriousness and a holy sadness about his demeanor and conversation. Eeligious topics, and the duties which belong strictly to his pastorship, exert the best influence upon him. Under these circumstances he shows animation, and has something like enthusiasm in the discharge of his labors. Without being a 255 BEV. THOMAS A. T. HANNA, fanatic, lie is certainly an enthusiast as a religionist, for it is in tms character alone that you find him showing the strength of purpose and feeling which is in him. Passive, cold as a block of ice, indif- ferent to almost all the concerns of life, a nothing and a nobody, without action, resolution, or ambition: this is what the separation of himself from religious duties and a ministerial life would have made of him. Quick, warm, with tender emotions, zealous in the advocacy of principles and the battle of faith, a moral hero, and "a host in himself," full of energy, courage, and a desire for great achievements : this is what he is as an ordained minister of the church, with a consciousness of his responsibilities, and a delight in fulfilling them. His course in the University was brilliant, and a sure guarantee of the usefulness which he was to display in his profession. He found himself in his proper element, and studied, not mechanically, but with the inspiration of one called to extraordinary and sancti- fied duties. His habits and deportment presented no compromises with duty or with moral and religious principles, for he was not only a converted man, but he felt himself inspired for the labor of the ministry. Set apart for this^ work, disconnected and uninter- ested in worldly affairs, save in their relation to the advancement of the cause of religion, he became as perfectly lukewarm upon all other subjects as he was ardent and sincere in that of his church and faith. The sermons of Mr. Hanna show depth and power, and give high- promise of his future as a powerful and eloquent expounder of the Scriptures. The writing is terse and to the. point. He does not waste words; he is not disconnected and rambling, but he is graphic and clear, and close and keen in his argument. He writes as if he understood his subject ; he shows that he is not willing to go beyond any assertion wherein he is not capable of fully elucidat- ing it; and he imparts to the whole the utmost fervor of feeling. His amiable, youthful face, his considerate, kindly tone, and his well- weighed, serious words are each and all potent in his public minis- trations. He at least cannot be doubted as a true and zealous young Christian ; and those who are young, like himself, and those who have passed further along in life's journey, with perhaps less profit, are always sensitive listeners to his appeals. 256 REY. SAMUEL M. HASKTNS, D. D., KECTOK OF ST. M:A.K,lt»© EI*ISCOI*AIj CHURCH, BKOOICL.'S'N", (E. I>.) IEV. DE. SAMUEL M. HASKINS was bom at Water- ford, Oxford county, Maine, May 29th, 1813, and his early studies were in that State. He was graduated at Union College in 1836, and at the Greneral Episcopal , Theological Seminary, New York, in 1839. He was made a deacon of the Episcopal Church at the Church of the Afecension, New York, by Bishop Onderdonk, in June, 1836, and priest at the Chapel of St Mark's, Williamsburgh, in July, 1840, by the same bishop. He was called to the rectorship of St. Mark's in October, 1839, and has now been in the parish for the period of thirty-four years. This organization, which was nursed into strength and use- fulness by the patient and earnest efforts of Dr. Haskins, has enjoyed the advantage of his care and love throughout its whole interesting history. It is the parent of all the other Episcopal churches iu that section of Brooklyn, which now number seven flourishing parishes. St. Mark's Church was organized by the Eev. Mr. Davis, in October, 1837, on the outskirts of the then village of Williamsburgh, as a missionary enterprise. Mr. Davis was the first rector, but left the parish in May or June, 1839. When Dr. Haskins was called, the services were held in a small whitewashed brick building in the midst of a cornfield. He preached his first sermon on the twenty - first Sunday after Trinity, 1839. The congregation then consisted of about fourteen families and eighteen communicants. There was no other parish between Astoria and Brooklyn, yet the population was small and sparse — fields and orchards covering a large portion of the now populous city. The congregation steadily increased, and it was determined to build a larger church edifice. Three lots were obtained on what is now the corner of Fourth^nd South-Fifth streets, and a stone building was erected. The whole cost of the property was between sixteen and seventeen thousand dollars — a large sum 257 REV. SAHUEL M. HASKINS, D. D. for a feeble congregation in those days — and on its completion a debt remained of six thousand dollars. In May, 1841, the church was consecrated. The congregation steadily increased with the growth of the city. In 1846, a new congregation, under the name of Christ Church, was organized, and entirely made up of families from St Mark's. A series of missionary services, commenced by Dr. Haskins in the same year in the eastern portion of the town, resulted in the organization of St. Paul's Church, whicb was received into the con- vention in 1848. These were followed by other parishes from time to time, until the large number of seven now attest to the zeal and liberality of the mother church. The original debt was paid off in 1848. At the same date the church was enlarged by the addition of a proper chancel and choir, and an increase to the nave of about two hondred sittings. It was also greatly beautified by the addition of several memorial windows. In 1860 further important additions were made to the church, and other memorial windows have been added, until all of them are now of this character. During twenty- one years, up to 1860, baptism was administered to nine hundred and eighteen infants and adults ; there were four hundi'cd and eight confirmations, four hundred and sixty -four new communicants, two hundred and ninety-one marriages, and four hundred and eighty-two burials. Up to 1869, fourteen hundred and two persons of all ages sought Heaven's blessing in repentance at this altar. Over eight hundred of the original parishioners are no more. Nearly six thou- sand dollars have been contributed in humble mites for the poor and sick, eight thousand four hundred dollars for missionary purposes, and over fifty-six thousand dollars in all for the cure of souls, exclu- sive of pew rents, etc. Six ministers now preaching from Christian pulpits were originally connected with the Sunday School. In twenty years the church was never closed but for two Sundays. During the same time Dr. Haskins was never absent from his post of duty more than five Sundays in succession, and preached and lectured about twenty-five hundred times. The holy communion was never administered by other hands than his own but four times in twenty-one years. There are now three hundred and sixty-eight communicants and three hundred and fifty children in the Sunday School. The thirtieth anniversary of Dr. Haskins' rectorship was celebrated, with appro- priate services, in the month of October, 1869. The church was beau tifully decorated with flowers, and a broad banner in front of the 258 EEV. SAMUEL M. HASKINS, D. D. organ nad inscribed on it the words, " Peace be within thy walla" A monumental floral offering of exquisite beauty stood in front of the chancel, bearing upon its summit a golden sheaf, which was ^ typical of the long services of the rector, during which he had gath- ered a rich religious harvest. From the chandelier depended china- asters, everlastings, and groups of pretty verbenas and other flowers. The windows were likewise ornamented. The Eight Eev. A. N'. Littlejohn. Bishop of Long Island, and many other distinguished clergymen, were present, with a large congregation. The rector de- livered an impressive historical sermon, which has been published in pamphlet form. It may be mentioned that Mr. William Ooard, the organist of this church, has held the position since 1848, and the sexton for even a more extended time. The chnrch now stands in the older portion of the city, and is quite plain and un ostentations compared with church edifices of more modem erection in other neighborhoods. Still, with the improvements that have been made in the exterior and interior, it has a very neat and tasteful appear- ance, and looks as should the venerable cradle of so many rich and powerful parishes. Dr. Haskins received his degree of D. D. from Union College about twelve years since. His publications consist of various occa- sional sermons. He is of the average height and well-proportioned. He walks with an erect figure and an active step. His attire is strictly clerical. His head is large, with a broad face of marked intellectuality and amiability. The features are large but regular. It is at all times a cheerful and engaging face to look upon. Though it shows decision and force of character, there is a kindness in the gaze of the eye and a good-natured smile that plays about the mouth, which prevent it fi-om ever being other than expressive of gentle and noble traits of character. _ His manners are of the gentlemanly, tender, considerate, and kind, that always win the heart No matter when or where you see him, he greets you with the warmth of a sincere friendship and love. "With cheerfulness and smiles, with kind words and genial ac- tions, he has ever made himself an object of great popular favor among his own people, and in social and public life generally. He is well described in those words in which Cowper portrays the model - preacher : "In doctrine uncorrupt; in language plain, And plain in manner ; decent, solemn, chaste, 359 REV. SAMUEL M. HASKIKS, D. D. And natural in gesture; much imprees'd Himself, as conscious of his awful charge, And anxious mainly that the flock he feeds May feel it too ; affectionate in look. And tender in address, as well beoomea A messenger of grace to guilty men." Seeing liim m the pulpit, the living impersonation of this portrait is brought vividly before you. His clear, positive faith in the doe - trines he proclaims, and his equally clear and positive language ; his unpretending, circumspect, and solemn manners ; his ease and grace of delivery and gesture ; his evident sense of the obligations of his position ; his tender appeals to the unconverted ; his affectionate look- ing from face to face of those who are his sheep, all appear in most striking reality. He is not looking for popular applause, but he is anxious to do his whole duty as a preacher of the glad tidings of sal- vation. He is not seeking to exalt himself and his talents, but he is pleading with his whole mind and heart to save those in guilt and peril He is eloquent ; his words flow with fluency and beauty ; he is strong in argument and inspired with faith, but none of this is in- tended to awaken an emotion personal to himself His language, tone, and manners will not allow you to escape from a knowledge of this fact, and it gives great additional power and effectiveness to his preaching. In this day of worldly ambition and of selfishness, you can but be drawn nearer to the man who shows himself entirely free from them, and thoroughly devoted, with humility and seriousness of spirit, to the work of the Master. Dr. Haskins has labored from early manhood to the decline of life in one parish. In that time he has seen a great city grow up about him, with the manifold changes and trials it has brought to his parisL He has seen the little seed of his nursing and watering grow into the tall tree of religious power, and he has seen its goodly boughs severed one after the other, until the ancient trunk is all that remains. Venerable with age, hoary, but not decayed, it still stands where it was first planted in the vineyard of the Lord, and its faithful husbandman will guard it untU he, too, falls to his rest be- neath its holy shade. 260 KEY. THOMAS S. HASTINGS, D. D., PA.STOXI OF THE WEST I»IIE8IIYTEIIIA.N CHXritCH, NEW YORK:. 'EV. DK. THOMAS S. HASTINGS, pastor of the West Presbyterian Church in West Forty-second street, is one of the most popular and successful ministers in the city of New York. He is a native of the State of New York, was born August 28th, 1827, making him forty-six years of age. In 1832, his father, Thomas Hastings, well known as a distinguished professor of music, removed to New York city, where the son pursued his early studies. He was graduated at Hamilton College in 1848, and at the Union Theological Seminary, New York, in 1851. He was licensed and ordained by the Fourth Presbytery of New York. In July, 1852, he became pastor of the Presbyterian Church at Mendham, New Jersey, where he remained four years. He was called in June, 1856, to his present pastorate. He began his labors on th3 first of the following month. The West Presbyterian Church was organized by the Presbytery of New York, November 1st, 1829, under the name of the North Pres- byterian Church. The name was changed June 25th, 1831, to the "West Presbyterian Church of the City of New York." In Janu- ary, 1832, the Eev. David E. Downer became the first pastor, when the church consisted of eighteen members. The first edifice was erected in Carmine street, head of Yarick, in the autumn of 1831-32. It was completed in the spring of 1832, and dedicated May 27th, of that year. The Eev. Edwin Hoyt succeeded Mr. Downpr, and officiated about four years. On the 2d of July, 1846, the Eev. Thomas H. Skinner, Jr., was called from Paterson, and he was fol- lowed, ten years later, by the present pastor, whose installation took place October 20th, 1856. At a meeting of the congregation, September 21st, 1860, the trustees were authorized to engage for one year the chapel of Eutgera Institute, on Fifth Avenue, between Forty-first and Forty-second .v/jjijio o. xijjLOXiiNuro, streets, and tliey were also authorized to employ an assistant for the pastor, that public worship might be maintained both in the chapel and in the church in Carmine street Accordingly, the Eev. Eldridge Mix was employed to aid the pastoi", and regular Sabbath services were commenced in Eutgers Institute chapel, October 7th, 1860. In the autumn of the following year arrangements were made for finally closing the down town church, which finally took place, October 27tb, 1861. The sacrament of the Lord's Supper was ad- ministered as the concluding service in the church edifice, which was hallowed by the memories of nearly thirty years. The increase of the congregation up town rendered a removal necessary to Crystal Hall, which was occupied until a new chapel was completed on a portion of the site now occupied by the congregation in Forty -second street This building was dedicated December 14th, 1862. It was anticipated that the chapel would afford sufficient accommodations for some years to come ; but the rapid growth of the congregation soon made it necessary to provide for the erection of the present mag- nificent church, the ground for which was broken in August, 1863. This edifice is one of peculiar architectural design, and attracts great attention from visitors to JSTew York. It occupies ground 102 feet by 78 feet, and abuts immediately upon the chapel previously erected. The auditorium is a perfect square of 74 feet by 74 feet, and the pulpit platform gives an additional 12 feet of depth. The organ and gallery for the choir form the piincipal decorative features of the north end of the church. The gas lights are princi- pally out of sight, being concentrated under a series of powerful reflectors above the great skylight, and also being disposed around the back of the central arch over the pulpit The leading idea in the' style of architecture is the Italian Grothia The columns sup- porting the entrance porch are of polished Peterhead granite, the basis and capitals of Italian- marble. In this portion there are some rare specimens of the sculptor's art, one of which is the figure of an angel of benediction in the tympanum of the arch. The painting of the interior is also highly artistic and beautiful. The church was dedicated April 23d, 1865, and cost, with the ground, one hundred and twenty thousand dollars. In this unique and beautiful church, situated in one of the best neighborhoods of the city. Dr. Hastings now addresses fi:om Sabbath to Sabbath his large congregation. There are four hundred and thirty-seven members, and about two hundred and fifty children in 263 EEV. THOMAS S. HASTINGS, D. D. the Sunday school at the church, and six hundred in two Mission Sunday schools. In 1872 the congregation completed a structure known as First Mission Chapel on Forty-sixth street, near Tenth avenue, at a cost of fifteen thousand dollars. The edifice is of brick and covers two lots, fifty by one hundred feet The front is trimmed with blue- stone, and at each end is a small tower with a spire. The pews accommodate five hundred persons, and there are en- couraging evidences that the mission will produce excellent fi-uits. A clergyman is to be permanently attached to the chapel, and comfortable apartments have been arranged over the library for his accommodation. The Sunday school is held on the main floor ; the infant class has a neat room immediately above the read- ing room, and it looks directly into the body of the chapeL Swing- ing doors are so arranged that the gallery can be closed, and all sound kept away from the auditorium if necessary. There is a ladies' industrial school attached to the mission, which meets every "Wednesday and Saturday. The object is to instruct girls in needle work. The end and scope of the society is to aid as far as possible the good and deserving, and with this view the ladies cut out clothing and prepare it for distribution. In certain cases garments are presented to attendants at the school. Every effort is made to inspire habits of industry and thrift among the young peo- ple. Dr. Hastings has a tall, thin figure. His head is of the average size, with regular and delicate features. His complexion is pale, and the expression of his face is one which bespeaks great amiability of character. He has much warmth and polish of man- ners, and his address is afikble and cheerful. All admire and respect him, and those who know him in intimate personal relations as pastor and friend cherish him as one ,of the truest of men. Dr. Hastings is a scholarly and eloquent preacher. He is clear, vigorous and stable in his style of thought, and shows thorough in- formation in the whole range of theological and literary cultura More than this he is a deeply pious man, and his sermons are per- vaded by an impressive religious tone. He received his degree of D. D.Yrom the New York University in 1866. He holds a position among the ablest men of his denomination, and his spiritual and practical success in the ministry, especially in his present pastorate, has not been exceeded by any pastor of his times. 363 REY. ISAAC T. HECKER, pastor oit the chtjrch of (st. pa.tjl. the a.postIjE, (ca.th:oIjTC,) netv yoke:. IEV. ISAAC T. HEOKEE was born in New York, in December, 1819. He received his edi;cation in this city, and entered into business with his brothers in the large milling and baking establishment of Hecker Brothers. Two of these brothers still cari^ on this business with great suc- cess ; and one of them, John Hecker, is noted as a religious man, philanthropist, and a writer on education and phrenology, and for maintaining a church of the Episcopal faith at his own expense. Father Hecker passed the summer of 1843, with the Association for Agriculture and Education, at Brook Farm, West Eoxbury, Mass., and subsequently spent some time at a similar institution in Worces- ter Co., Mass. In 1845, he returned to New York, and become con- verted to, and received into, the Eoman Catholic Church. He deter- mined on entering the congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer, and after making his novitiate at St Trond, in Belgium, was admitted to the order in 1847. On the completion of his ecclesiastical studies, he was sent by his superiors to England, where he was ordained priest by the late Cardinal Wiseman, in 1849. He passed two years in England, engaged in missionary work. In 1851, he returned to the United States, with several members of his order. During the next seven years he was constantly employed in missionary labor in dif- ferent parts of the United States. His talents and enthusiasm in his work were of that degree which produced great results for his church, and he quickly rose to a high reputation in its priesthood. He soon prepared for even a more extended field of organized missionary effort. In 1857, having visited Eome, Father Hecker with some of his colleagues were released by the Pope from their connection with the Eedemtionists, and in 1858 he founded, with his companions, a new missionary society under the name of the congre- gation of St. Paul the Apostle, whose church and monastery are on 264 REV. ISAAC T. HEOKEE. the corner of Ninth avenue and Fifty-ninth street. The parish is large aiid growing. There are different religious and charitable societies, a Sunday school of more than twelve hundred pupils, and two libraries, of over two thousand volumes. Father Hecker published in 1855, " Questions of the Soul," and in, 1857, " Aspirations of Nature." While in Eome, he published two papers on Catholicity in the United States, which were translated into several languages, and extensively read in Europe and America. He originated the Catholic World, of New York, a monthly magazine devoted to the interest of the Catholic Church. He is also well known as an able and eloquent lecturer on religious and secular subjects. In his writings he is learned, logical, and brilliant. The personal appearance of Father Hecker is that of a man capa- ble of great and persevering effort of both the mental and bodily pow- ers. Such have been his characteristics throughout, and, though at this writing he has been obliged to seek succor for failing health, in Eui'opean travel, still it is not thought that his rare powers for severe duty are seriously impaired. He has a round and compact figure. His head is large, with well cut features. The brow is broad and finely rounded, showing at once excellent form and striking intel- lectuality. The whole expression of the face is particularly cheerful and pleasing. It betokens an eager, penetrating mind, and the noble, kindly heart. Father Hecker enjoys an extensive popularity as an effective, popular speaker. Few men can exercise more control over an aud- ience. He speaks with ease of utterance, in choice and vigorous language, and with modulations of voice and appropriateness of ges- tures, which do much to give force and impressiveness to his oratory. He is a benevolent and truly pious man. Eeligion is to him the aspiration and life of the soul. Devoted and earnest in preaching his particular faith, he exhibits in every step that he takes in the path of daily duty, and in every word that falls from his lips, that he pro- claims only that which is the rock of hia own earthy comfort and heavenly hopa REY. GEORGE H. HEPWORTH, E*AS'J?OR OF THE CHTJBCH: OF THE r>ISCII*3L.ES, 3VEAV YOKIt. EY. GEORGE K. HEPWORTH was born in the city of Boston, Febuary 4th, 1833. He is of French descent, on his mother's side, and some of his ancestors met the fate of the popular leaders in the French Revolution. Two of them were guillotined in Paris during Robespierre's "Reign of Terror. " " If it is true," says another, " that one's life-work is ever decided before we are born, the law applies to the case of Mr. Hepworth. It was the earnest wish of the mother than one of her children should be a preacher. She was in many respects a remark- able women, and would often ride a dozen miles of a cold wintei's night to hear some distinguished and eloquent minister. She gave the preacher's temperament to her son. In his earliest influences al- almost before he could speak plainly, he would mount his little chair for a pulpit and deliver a boyish sermon. He never experienced that doubt as to what his profession should be which characterizes so many. From childhood he entertained the single purpose of becom- ing a preacher." After concluding studies at the Boston Latin School, he was graduated at the Harvard Divinity School in 1853. He was first settled over the Unitarian Church in Nantucket, Massachusetts, for about two years, and then returned to Cambridge, where he studied for several months as a resident graduate. In December, 1857, he was called to the temporary care of the Church of the Unity, then a newly organized Unitarian congregation of Boston. At that time he was not quite twenty-five years of age. He was engaged to supply the pulpit for six months, from December 1st, 1857, and on the 14th of March following received a unanimous call to the pastorate, which he accepted. His pastorship was of the most efficient and successful character, and his congregation became one of the most prominent and wealthy of Boston. „,, BE v. GEOBGE H. HEPWORTH. At the outbreak of the war Mr. Hepworth exerted himself in the pulpit and lyceum, and through the press, in behalf of thd govern- ment In 1862 he joined General Banks' command in Louisiana, as an army chaplain, and remained in the South for a long period. He was soon appointed to a place on the General's staff, with the super- vision of the free labor system of Louisiana. In this capacity he performed very valuable services to the country. Upon his return, he embodied his experience in a book entitled '' The Whip, Hoe, and Sword." He also delivered a number of lectures throughout the country, particularly during the Presidential election of 1864. While in Boston he originated the system of Sabbath evening dis- courses in one of the principal theatres, which has since spread to other cities of the Union. He is also entitled to the credit of having by his own personal exertions established the Boston School for the Ministry, which consists of four leased brick houses on Bast Dedham street, where in the second year nearly forty students entered upon the course of study. On Sunday, May 16th, 1869, Mr. Hepwoi-th tendered his resigna- tion of his Boston pastorship, having accepted a call to the Church of the Messiah, New York city, formerly under the care of the Eev. Dr. Samuel Osgood. His first sermon was preached before a large congregation on the morning of Sunday, June 13th, 1869. His salary was twelve thousand dollars. He preached with his usual success, until the winter of 1872. Unexpectedly to the congregation, one Sunday he announced that he intended, after serious and mature deliberation, to secede from all connection with the Unitarian church, having changed his religious views. The matter produced great excitement in the whole Unitarian organization of the country, and indeed, in all sects. He was soon after received into the fellowship of the Congrega- tional church, and interesting services held at Eev. Henry. Ward Beecher's church in Brooklyn. Eegular Sunday services were com- menced by Mr. Hepworth in Steinway Hall, which were largely attended. A new congregation was organized, under the name of the Church of the Disciples, and a large amount of money was sub- scribed to build a church edifice. This structure was erected chiefly of iron, on the corner of Madison avenue and Thirty-.fifl;h street, and dedicated in the spring of 1873. An Ecclesiastical Council convened at the request of the Church of the Disciples, at the Brick Church, New York, on the afternoon of REV. GEORGE H. HEPWOETH. December 5tli, 1872, in the words of the invitation " to consider our covenant articles of faith and church rules, and if deemed advisable to recognize ns as a church of Christ ; also to examine the pastor of the church and to assist in his installation if found worthy of your fellowship in the Gospel." Twenty -seven pastors and lay delegates, of different churches and all the evangelical denominations, composed the council. Mr. Hepworth appeared before them and was examined at great leitgth and with great severity. His orthodoxy being by the result made apparent, the unanimous vote was that he be in- stalled, as he had requested, and heartily welcomed into the fellow- ship of the churches as a Christian man and a minister taught by the Lord Jesus Christ and led by His spirit. On the evening of the same day Mr. Hepworth was duly installed before a large congregation. The services were conducted by various distinguished clergymen, the Eev. Dr. E. S. Storrs, of Brooklyn, preaching a most eloquent sermon. Mr. Hepworth is of the medium height, and equally proportioned. His figure is erect and graceful, and he shows much activity in all his movements. His head is large, having a somewhat square face, with handsome, intellectual features. His expression is one of great amiability, and wins you in a moment. There is much calmness and thoughtfulness about his face, but the peculiarity which is most no- ticeable is its constant glow of bright intelligence, which ever and anon gathers into a soft, unconscious smile. In conversation and in public speaking, you see these rays of sunny light stealing over his countenance, giving it an unusual fascination. His manners are altogether plain and unassuming. He is warm and genial with all persons, and withal so cheerful and entertaining that there are few who can claim more general popularity with all ages and conditions. Mr. Hepworth is one of the most eloquent and effective preachers of the day. He is not of the noisy, sensational order, but, on the contrary, is the very reverse of it. He often preaches without writ- ing out his sermons. He gives them, however, deep and searching thought, and what he says in the pulpit has all the vigor of expres- sion which could be obtained by writing it, and at the same time the freshness and fervor of an extemporaneous discourse. He puts him- self on the closest footing with his hearers. A great deal is said in almost a conversational manner. There is no restraint and no form- ality. He stands with one arm thrown over a corner of the book- board, or he leans entirely over it himself, and then, in a friendly, ,263 EEV. GEORGE H. HEPWORTH social, matter-of-faCt style, he talks more than he can be said to preach. Then, from time to time, he gives way to a degree of animation which leads to a few expressive gestures, but nothing more. His thoughts are most simple in their expression, but they are of the highest effec- tiveness. His language is clear, chaste, and scholarly, and his argu- ments are logical, and additionally sustained by apt and forcible similes and other illustrations. His opinions are always manly, just, and Christian, and his kindly, beaming face is tuWy expressive of the sincerity and truth which go with them and are inseparable from his character. You are led along with him by influences which come upon you as the silent vapors steal over the earth. Chains, which are no more to be broken than. iron, clasp about you, but they have fallen upon you as softly as if they were gossamer threads. It is the persuasion of reason and truth which arrests the mind, and it is the loving tenderness of humanity and brotherhood which melts, subdues, and wins your heart. It is not the fascination of eloquence, nor is it the power of learning, but it is that magnetic charm which is to be found in words of moral ■ and religious truths when fitly spoken. Some speak with a force and thunder which startle, and some with a beauty and eloquence which da^;zle. Mr. Hepworth does neither of these. He is simple in matter and manner ; he is moderate and gentle always. But it is this simplicity and moderation which are so attractive. You are not carried away by brilliant oratory, but you feel refreshed in soul. You say here is a good man to whom it is pleasant to listen, and whom it will be wisdom to make an exam- ple. You are withdrawn from .the baser part of nature which may be in you, and rise to a nearer alliance with principle and Igve to mankind. Mr. Hepworth has abilities of various kinds which eminently fit him for a success in the ministry equal to any minister of his time. He is a thinker and worker. His heart is in his labors, and his young energies are all enlisted for a life-time of faithful, unselfish service in the cause of truth and religion. Simple and unostentatious, and yet effective in the pulpit, and zealous and loving in his duties out of it, he must go forward to triumphs still greater than those which have already made his career so marked by practical useful- ness. REY. J. STANFORD HOLME, D. D., P-AJSTOR OF THE TIllI»riTY BJ^.I>TXlST CHTJRCH, NJE^V "YORK:. *Lr: EV. DE. J. STANFOED HOLME was bom in a section formerly known as Holmesburg, and now a part of tte city of Philadelphia, March 4th, 1822. His ancestors came to America from England in 1683, and purchased "^ their lands of William Penn. John Holme, a prominent mem- "^ ber of the family, was an early magistrate under Penn, but re- tired from his position by reason of what he deemed to be intolerance on the part of his Quaker associates. Another ancestor was Abel Morgan, who was one of the earliest writers in defense of Baptist doctrines in the colonies, as appears by a volume which was pub- lished by Benjamin Franklin in 1747, at his printing-office in Market street It thus appears that the earliest efforts in planting the Bap- tist faith in both Pennsylvania and New Jersey are due. in a great measure to the ancestors of the subject of our notice. His academic studies were at New Hampton, ISTew Hampshire, and he then studied law in Philadelphia, but did not seek admission to the bar, as be had determined to prepare for the ministry. He was graduated at Madison University in 1850, and first settled over, the Baptist church at Waterloo, New York. After nearly four years of service he accepted a call to the Pierrepont street Baptist church, Brooklyn, where he remained ten years. He now devoted two years to literary pursuits, and temporarily supplied different pulpits. Dur- ing a year and a half of this time he officiated at the Tabernacle Bap- tist church, New York. It had been the desire of his life to found a new church, and the time and opportunity now seemed to have arrived. The necessity for a new Baptist church was felt in one of the up-town sections of the city, and in the spring of 1866, Dr. Holme commenced preaching in a hall on the corner of Third avenue and Fifty-second street. A mission of the Madison avenue Baptist church had been for some 270 REV. J. STANFORD HOLME, D. D. time . conducted at the same place Tinder the care of Eev. Samuel Oovell. Dr. Holme, however, took charge of the enterprise, with a view to the formation of an independent Baptist church. A large congregation was collected under his ministry during the year, and it was deemed expedient to organize a church without further delay. A meeting was called for this purpose June 4th, 1867, at whicli the church was duly organized with seventy-five members, under the name of the Trinity Baptist Church of the city of New York, and Dr. Holme was called as the first pastor. A chapel was fitted up in the building where services were held for some time. A few years since the fine structure of the Eleventh Presbyterian Church in Fifty- fifth street was purchased by the Trinity Congregation, and soon after occupied by them. Dr. Holme is above the average height, and of full round figure, while of active step. His head is large and round, with marked evidences of intellect and character. His features are regular, though outlined with the same boldness of the massive head. You are par- ticularly struck with his amiable, genial-looking face. It has great mobility, and is fully expressive of his feelings at all times. "When in simple repose it is aglow with light from his luminous, intellectual eyes, and the natural cheerfulness which pervades it ; but in anima- tion it gives instant and vivid reflections of all his emotions and thoughts. Had he been a professional actor, he would have been peerless in his parts ; and as a teacher and orator he has that power of effectiveness in the facial expression which is electrical, and simul- taneous with feeling, conviction, and utterance. His brow is like a towering dome to the rest of the fine physical structure, and shows the seat of commanding mental powers. Perhaps the greatest charm, however, about Dr. Holme consists in his affable and fascinating manners. He is never without a dignity becoming a minister of the gospel, and y^t his- whole conduct is characterized by a fi-ank, open bearing, and so much good-nature and courtesy, that all persons find themselves on the most friendly and genial terms with him. With these elements of character he is pre-eminently a ^opitZar" man. Wherever he goes he carries good feeling; whoever he talks to feels the warmer and kindlier in his heart for it. It is not, however, the element of "all things to all men;" it is not the spirit of demagogism, striving for popularity by sacrifices of principle, but it is in the fullest sense the heart of a good and kindly man diffusing its influence into every person and into every scene. REV. J. STANFORD HOLME, D. D. People say they are happy in his church. We divine this to be the case especially from the fact that their pastor is a riian alive with the genuine impulses of love and fellowship, and not a dead fossil of dignity. He believes that like the tendrils of the water plant that shoot forth in every direction for the fluid which gives it life, so the human heart stretches forth its tendrils of feeling, seeking the nour- ishment of congenial souls and sentiments. Some men are so iron- clad with professional and personal dignity that they are impenetra- ble to these self-evident pleadings which are uttered in all organiza- tions and communities. Other men are like the springs which bub- ble up -to the thirsting plants, and give to those with whom they come in contact the refreshment of love, friendship, and cheerfalness. 'It is due to the exercise of these characteristics that the churches over which Dr. Holme has been placed have had such religious vitality and personal concord. Dr. Holme is one of the most popular preachers in the Baptist denomination. His sermons are, to a certain extent, argumentative; but his main attack is upon the feelings of his audience. He is a clear, comprehensive writer, taking hold of any and every subject with sufficient ability to do it full justice, and not only advance every plea in its favor, but from his own standpoint demolish every argu- ment of opposition. There is scope and vigor in his whole range of thought; and yet in its application it is softened by tender personal sympathies, and commended by eager zeal in the cause of the im- periled soul. He has a fine round voice perfectly under his control, and his tnanner of delivery is composed and effective. He enjoys natural powers as a speaker, and has not required much training, and consequently there is no restraint upon him. His flow of lan- guage is ready and ample, and not less terse than tasteful in its se- lection. He feels every word that he utters ; and he shows it Not, however, in boisterous thunderings, and in the wild utterances of sensational eloquence, but in the countenance — beaming with sincerity — and in the unmistakable tones of truth and faith. His purpose is not to exhibit the graces of oratory, though he has all of these, but it is to give potency to religious truth by the aid of the human mind and lips. This is the conviction which steals upon the hearer. His arguments, his soft words of persuasion, and his more eloquent and impassioned passages are all methods of showing the way to grace, and in no particular intended for the vain display of personal powera ^'^^ REY. GEORGE H. HOUGHTO?(, D. D., RECTOK OF THE CHXJKCH OF TJHE TRjklVSFIG. triA.TION, (EI»rSCOI*JlLl>,) NE^SV YOK.lt. )EY. DR GEOEGE H. HOUGHTON was born at Deer- field, Mass., in February, 1820. He was graduated at the New York University in 1842, and pursued his theologi. cal course privately. He took orders in the autumn of 1845, and after remaining one year as assistant to Dr. Muhlen- berg, at the Church of the Holy Communion, in October, 1848, commenced officiating at a private house for a small number of per- sons who, in the following year, were organized as the Church of the Transfiguration. Soon after a location on Twenty-ninth street, near Fifth avenue, was chosen, and, through the disinterested benevolence of one of the members of the parish, a church edifice was commenced, which was occupied on Sunday, March 10th, 1850. Additions have been made to the building from time to time, and now has the form of an L, occupying one side and the rear of the property, with the rectory on the other side. The church' is a long, low building ; the several entrances have tuiTcts over them ; in front is a small park with trees and flowers, and the whole has a very picturesque appear- ance. Until May, 1854, the entire pew rents were used for reducing the debt incurred in purchasing the ground and building, two hun- dred dollars being the largest single offering made at one time by any member of the parish for these purposes. The pews — which are rented, not sold — are rated much below the ordinary average, while there are one hundred and fifty free sittings. These latter are in the chapel part of the edifice, which is so arranged that, by turning the seats, it becomes a portion of the body of the church. During ten years Dr. Houghton gave to the church, of his earnings in another sphere of duty, more than three thousand dollars, and during four years received irregular salary. The congregation is now one of the largest and wealthiest in New York. Dr. Houghton held the posi- • tion of instructor of Hebrew in the General Theological Seminary, in 373 EEV. GEORGE H. HOUGHTOK, D. D. connection with his rectorship, and finally resigned after a service of twelve years. He received the degree o'f D. D. from Oolumbia Col- lege, in 1859. His publications consist of occasional sermons. Dr. Houghton and his church have received great prominence from the fact of his having there performed the burial service over the remains of a worthy deceased actor, George Holland, this rite having been refused by the Eev. Mr, Sabine. Many expressions of the public concuiTence in the action of Dr. Houghton took place, and the " little church around the corner," the langaage in which it was referred to by Mr. Sabine, has become embalmed in the lasting remembrance of all truly Christian people. Dr. Houghton is slightly under the medium height, sparely made, and in every respect of a delicate organization. He has a well-de- veloped head, and a face of marked intelligence, combined with an impressive simplicity. His complexion is very pale, and is the more observable from the contrast with his black hair and whiskers. He also wears a moustache, which is altogether unusual among ministers. The intellectuality'of his fine marble-like brow, the calmness, serenity, and sweetness of'oxpression, and his gentle, kindly voice and man- ners, each and all 'throw about him the influence of a being extraor- dinarily endowed with manly and Christian virtues. And, in truth, he stands a noble example to his fellow-men. His whole life has been remarkable for its uprightness and piety. In strictneas to con- scientious duty and religious responsibility it has been undeyiating from youth up. He is a moral hero in every sense. Personal sacri- fice, and even suffering, have never been considered for a moment. The demands of duty have ever been regarded in their largest scope, and to discharge them fiiUy has been an aim to which all else was subordinate. The exact line of duty, and the way lighted at every step by an approving conscience, have been the only paths in which his feet have gone. Honorable, just, conscientious, and heroic in holding to them all, he has truly illustrated the Christian life. We mean the Christian life in distinction from the morally upright life, and the life which only seeks perfection in the greater things, forget- ful of the smaller, which, like the water dropping on the granite, slowly but surely wear away conscience. Nobly perfect in the great and small ; sublimely true to faith and all professions. Dr. Houghton belongs to that measure of man coming nearest to God. When the little children look in his face, so beaming with gentleness and good- ness, they listen and believe. When the man, toughened with the 274 REV. GBOBGE H. HOUGHTON, D. D. world's bard blows, and saddened by its wrongs, notes him day by day, and year after year, the same in purity of character and holiness of life, he begins to feel the awakening of the sacred inspiration which lift.s the lost to Heaven. We are not oyerstating the influence of Dr. Houghton. His ministrations in his present parish were com- menced with only six persons as attendants upon them, and now he has reared a fine church, and drawn about him a numprous and de- voted congregation. He has done it by great labor, but more by the fascination of his character and the beauty of his life. Those out of his own denomination have aided him because they saw that he was a Christian hero, and those of his immediate flock have spiritedly upheld him because amidst earth's temptations he was upholding them. As a man he is everywhere cherished ; as a citizen he is re- spected by all with whom he comes in contact ; and as the pastor he is beloved with an affection which withstands all save death. Dr. Houghton attempts nothing especially brilliant in his ser- mons. They are all well written, but he seems to consider it out of place to introduce anything beyond simple, devout, and instructive language. Hence, while each is plain, practical, sincere, and learned in divine truths, there is a total absence of florid, sensational, and even eloquent passages. As he declared he would, he preaches the doctrines of his church, and nothing else. He is a very correct and impressive reader, and his rendering of the service is very fine. His voice is full and mellow, filling the whole building. Dr. Houghton is an able scholar. His attainments in the Hebrew are such that he has established a wide reputation as a teacher of it. The study of this language with him has been most enthusiastically pursued, as it has appealed so much to his religious emotions. While he has a great. love for refined literature, and a passion for art, still he allows himself but little respite from severe application to theological investigations. Always looking beyond for something better and higher, in both temporal and spiritual matters, he never deems his work accomplisbed, and unwea,riedly presses onward in the life-long race. 275 REV. ROBERT S. HOWLAND, D. D., SENIOK RECTOK. OF THE CHTjrtCH OF THE JHEA-VENEY KEST (EPISCOPA.E), IVE'W YOKIC, fEV. DR ROBEET S. HOWLAND was born in tbe citj of New York, November 9th, 1820. He spent some time at a French school, and at length entered St. Paul's Col- lege, Long Island, where he was graduated about 1840. He was next engaged, witb Bishop Kerfoot, now bishop of Western Pennsylvania, in organizing St. James' College, in Maryland, in which State he remained a period of eight months. He then went abroad, traveling in Europe and in the Holy Land, and returned after an absence of eighteen months. He had before taken a partial theological course at the General Episcopal Seminary, New York. He now returned to that institlition and completed his studies, and was graduated in 1845. During the same year he was made a deacon of the Episcopal Church, in New Haven, by Bishop Brownell, and priest in the following year, at St. Luke's Church, New York, by Bishop Ives, then of North Carolina, and later a priest of the Catholic church. For some time he was the assistant of Eev. Dr. Forbes, at St. Luke's church, and in 1847 was called to the rectorship of the Holy Apostles. He received his degree of D. D. from Columbia College, in 1863. He has recently made another extended tour in Europe. The Church of the Holy Apostles was the development of a Sunday school, which was held in an upper room in Twenty-seventh street Religious services were at length commenced, and when Dr. Howland took charge there were twenty communicants. A donation of five lots, on the corner of Ninth avenue and Twenty -eigbth street, was made to the church by Robert Ray, Esq., and here a church edifice was erected, which was consecrated in February, 1847. The growth of the congregation under the charge of Dr. Howland was very remarkable. The eminent ability of the rector and the harmony always existing in the parish were attractions whicb pro- duced their legitimate fruits. In 1867 the congregation bad four 276 EEV. ROBJEET S. HOWLAND, D. D. hundred communicants, four hundred families, and four hundred and fifty children in tlie Sunday school. On the 18th of May, 1868, a parish under the name of the Church of the Heavenly Eest was organized, of which Dr. Howland is now the senior rector. The church edifice is located on one of the most magnificent portions of Fifth avenue. Dr. Howland, at the time of the erection of the church, carried out a plan of building several residences adjoining, making all the structures harmonious in design, and very imposing and elegant in appearance. The church has an entrance on Fifth avenue, and will seat about one thousand people. Its design throughout is elaborate and costly. The pews and others fittings are of solid wood, and the carvings of the chancel are especially admired. All the pillars are of polished variegated marble. It was opened for public service in February, 1869. The congregation is now large and influential. Here, as elsewhere, Dr. Howland is doing an earnest work for the upholding of his faith, and the regeneration of his fellow-men. His able asso- ciate is the Eev. Dr. Thomas K. Gonrad. Dr. Howland is of the medium height, well proportioned, and of an easy, graceful carriage. He has a round head, not large, but of excellent proportions, regular features, and soft, bright eyes. His manners are dignified, but characterized by so much courtesy that intercourse with him is always agreeable. He is what may be called a self-possessed man — not one to bluster and make a noise about any- thing he does, or one devoid of modesty and a nice sense of pro- priety. Neither is he a man of assumption, nor of any personal conceit And still he is a person of invariable self-possession. You are struck with it as a leading characteristic in him. But it is the self-possession of a man of intelligence and ability, who has all his powers under the most perfect control, and knows exactly how and when to utter every word and perform every act He is never excited, and he is never in doubt He is always composed, and acts under- standingly and properly on all occasions. His self-reliance and self- possession appear at a glance ; but at the same time it is to be seen that these are qualities natural to the man, and not assumed either to attract attention or to gain undue prominence for the individual. He is a kind-hearted man, full of manly and noble sympathies, and alive with energy in his Christian labors. He makes no distinction in his intercourse with men, e?;cept that of the moral' character. The humble and the sorrowing are regarded with most touching kindness ; and it 277 REV. ROBERT S. HOWLAND, D. D. has been his great effort to make such persons in his parishes the object of constant Christian care. He is also a person exerting the happiest influence with children. His manners with them are winning in the extreme, and he is alike successful in imparting to them instruction and in preserving their lasting love. He preaches with a great deal of power. He is not lacking in those acquirements of scholarship which give value and interest to literary productions ; but the striking features in his sermons are their depth and force of religious appeal, and evidence of the earnest con- victions of the writer. As he writes, his language naturally takes those forms of expression which are the most euphonious to the ear and positive in their effect upon the mind. This is fully apparent, and the listener cannot fail to receive great delight from his sermons as learned and literary efforts. But the seeker after the bread of Heaven will find something of far more value. A holy inspiration, a firm reliance on the promises of faith, and a prayerful interest in all inquiring souls, are features which are equally apparent, and which give the greatest impressiveness to all these discourses. None can hear him without profit. There is that in his matter and manner which makes an irresistible appeal to the mind and heart. His voice is gentle, and his whole delivery is characterized by that dignity and propriety, and at the same time self-possession, which is peculiar to him on other occasions. Dr. Howland ranks with the most eminent of the Episcopal clergy. His abilities are of the first class, and he has built np powerful parishes. His reputation rests on nothing ephemeral, but on qualifications and works of the most substantial character. He is popular among his brethren as a talented, good, and energetic man of Grod ; and with his people he is always held in the most sincere regard. 278 REV. WAYLAND HOYT, t»AlSTOR or' THE T^BERNj4.CI^E1 BA-PTIHT CHUKCH, NEW YOItlt. PEY. WAYLAND HOYT was born in the city of Cleve- land, Ohio, February 18th, 1838. His early studies were pursued in the vicinity of his native city. He was graduated at Brown University in 1860, and at the Eochester Theological Seminary in 1863. He was ordained and settled for a year over the Baptist church at Pittsfield, Massachusetts, and then passed three years with the Ninth street Baptist church, Cincinnati. In JSTovember, 1867, he was installed as the pastor of the Strong Place ' Baptist church, Brooklyn, where he remained until the spring of 1873. He accomplished a most efficient work, and the congregation parted with him greatly to their regret, but he considered it his duty to accept a call to the Tabernacle church in New York, where he is now laboring with his usual snccess. Previously a strong effort was made to induce him to accept a call in Boston, but this he declined. The Tabernacle church is one of the old Baptist organizations of New York, having formerly worshiped in Mulberry street Their present church edifice on Second avenue was dedicated September 22d, 1850. There are about seven hundred members, and about eight hundred children in the different Sunday Schools. Mr. Hoj't is under the average height, and of a well-proportioned, round, solid person. His head is nearly round, with narrow chin, . but with considerable breadth in the upper portion. The brow is prominent and handsome, and all the lower features are uniform and expressive. His eyes are small, but have much penetration, and a clear, honest gaze. His manners are frank and sincere, and have a propriety and confidence which is not always seen in a young man. He seems to be somewhat impulsive, and there is always a quickness of action about him ; but intimacy with him shows that he is really a very cool reflective person, and that the body acts quick because 279 EEV. WAYLAND HOYT. the brain is sudden and electrical in its action. His conclusions and determination are rapid, and to the point, in great matters and small. His warmth and frankness does not proceed from mere force of Qabit, but is the genuine expression of true, earnest feelings of courtesy and good will. Mr. Hoyt is a preacher who soon wins the favor of his audience. His style of speech and manners is natural and earnest, but above all, he shows that he means and feels all that he says. He is terse and graphic while fluent. Although he is voluble, each word has its point and each sentence is round and complete. He reduces language to its most forcible phrases and mode of construction, and still his thoughts are rapid and redundant, and their expression is equally so. ■ He feels warmly, and this gives a glow and animation to his face and tone, and lifts him into flights of commanding and impassioned eloquence. His temperament is genial and sanguine, and his sermons bear witness of this condition in every line. He does not stand aloof from you, but, on the contrary, assails your heart on the instant. He is full of warmth, love, friendship, and brotherhood. They breathe forth in every word ; they beam in every glance, and they are expressed in every action. These traits in yourself he will appeal to, and bring them into action and harmony with his own feelings. His words ring in upon the mental convic- tions, andthey light up the heart* They point the way to a new spiritual existence, but at the same time they quicken impulses which are calculated to make the temporal life nobler and more use- ful. Manhood and womanhood are developed into a higher perfec- tion and principle, and, especially, religious inspirations are kindled with fresh fires of devotion. He is sanguine of the future, and he fills his hearers with a like enthusiasm, and the same cheerful con- fidence. Some men have electrical influences in their words and manners, and Mr. Hoyt is such a person. The mind of the hearer makes no quibbling or questioning about reciprocating his genial advances to the heart, for the heart itself makes its instantaneous re-, sponse. You at once accept him as a man of conscientious truthful- ness, as a counselor who regards your welfare from a standpoint of friendship, and as a spiritual leader, who, though sanguine and eager, is brave and devoted in the interest of the meanest follower. Mr. Hoyt is still young. But no one thinks of this when he preaches. The oldest man or woman, strong as they may be in their felth and in the wisdom of gathered years, may well pause and con- BE v. WATLAND HOYT. sider the teachings which he utters in the sacred desk If they are unaffected by his youthful enthusiasm and his ardent hopefulness, they cannot refuse attention to his learned exposition of doctrines and the logic and force of the arguments which are so large a portion of his discourse. Eeason and profundity are none the less so because they naay be spoken by youthful lips. In fact, when they are thus spoken they generally become additionally impressive and potent. But with those of his own years Mr. Hoyt may well claim unlimited influence. He knows the weaknesses and the aspirations of the young heart, and he touches it as if with the wand of an enchanter. His countenance becomes its magic of human perfection, his words are its treasured truths, and his steps are its chosen way. It responds fully and earnestly to his own emotions, and it gives him the sole and complete control of its spiritual aspirations. Thus it is to be seen that Mr. Hoyt is in a position to do a great work. Powerful as is his present congregation in influence and Christian zeal, he is quite certain to give it still greater power and usefulness. He is drawing his people near to himself witb singular fascination, and he is showing a strength of intellect and a physical energy which will produce great results in the field of effort which is so dear to both. Hopeful, courageous, and indomitable, he will best deserve success by a life and toil which will render him worthy of such a reward. Such is the character and talents of Mr. Hoyt. Strong in his natural powers, comprebensive and profound in his acquirements, ardent and ambitious in his professional application, he is on the threshold of a great future. His field of effort is vast, and offers every incentive to the exercise of all his powers and capacity, and he is a man so eager for the discharge of every duty, and filled with so much religious ardor that he will neither falter in going forward to every task of difficulty, nor grow lukewarm by success. He is a chief reliance of the church in her struggle against evil, and he will be not less the friend and guide of those seeking the knowledge of a purer life. His present advancement in his profession and denomina- tion, and his crowning and brilliant honors, have not made him exultant or vain, but simply incited him to new vigor, and strength- ened him in self-reliance. The full scope of his intellect and the en- tire sympathies of his heart will go with his work, which will always be measured by a tireless zeal. " 381 KEY. ADOLPHUS HUEBSCH, PH. 1)., RA.BBI OF THE Ct>]VGREOA.TIOT«f A-HAV^TH CHESED, IVETT YORIC. fEY. DR ADOLPHUS HUEBSCH was bom in the north- ern part of Hungary, September 18th, 1830. His early studies were in dififerent Talmudical schools. At fourteen he could read and write only in the Hebrew ; but later he became engaged in other studies, especially the Syriac, Arabic, t^ and other Oriental languages. He attended the Gymnasium at Pesth. for some time. He received his authorization as a rabbi at twenty, and four years later entered upon his first office in an ortho- dox congregation in Hungary, where he remained about three years. In 1856 he entered the University in Prague, where he was gradu- ated in 1859, and received the degree of doctor of philosophy. He was at once invited to accept the position of rabbi and preacher of an ancient and influential congregation in Prague, where he contin- ued until called to his present congregation in New York, in 1866. He commenced his labors on the 26th of August of that year. It was regarded as no small tribute to his reputation for so young a man to be called to the powerful congregation in Prague: and his invitation to come to New York was likewise a marked appreciation of his talents and fame. He now receives a salary of six thousand dollars a year, and his engagement is for eight years. The congregation Ahavath Chesed is classed among the moderate reform Jews, and was organized about twenty-five years ago. The first preaching was held in Columbia street, and afterward, about 1861, a church in Avenue C was bought and altered for a synagogue. On the 17th of April, 1872, a magnificent structure, built by the congregation, on the corner of Lexington avenue and Fifty-fifth street, was consecrated with imposing services. This edifice is built of stone, in the Moorish or Eastern style, and fronts 93 feet on Lex ington avenue, and 140 feet on Fifty-fifbh street. The front elevation is composed of five divisions — a section devoted to the main entrance, REV. ADOIiPHtra HUEBSCH, PH. I>. with a tower and a stair wing on each sida The height of the center or main division is 72 feet ; the towers 122 from the sidewalk to finial, and the stair wings 57 feet The towers are at base 14 feet square to the height of the stair wings, and are then changed into octagons, with handsome cornices, ending with round metal cupolas, which are richly gilded, and visible at a long distance. The interior is very beautiful in Arabesque decorations, and costly appointments of every kind. Fourteen hundred people, can be seated in the aisles and gal- leries. The cost of the ground and building was two hundred and seventy-five thousand dollars. The following extract from one of Dr. Huebsch's sermons shows his eloquent and tender style : "Religion is the supporting staff of human frailty. The weak, the suffering, the needy experience most its soothing and consoling influence. The strong and apparently independent may be enticed to dispense with religion and to rely on their own power, rather than on the mercy of the most High for salvation. But the more dependent and helpless are moved by the conoiousness of their condition to seek protection and aid from One whose might is never-failing, and whose love is everlasting, and ever ready to descend upon the meek. Hence, while man may be inclined to rebel against God, and to ignore His commands, woman's meek and submissive heart opens cheerfully to all the hopes and good promises which inure to a true and undaunted faith. When the Lord God said ' It is not good for the man to be alone, I will make a help-meet for him,' the merciful intention of God was not confined to the worldly comfort which man should derive from association with his lawful wife. God destined her as a messenger of undivided' peace for the sons of earth ; her task was to sweeten his life by that loving care which makes a man's home a delight for him, and at the same time, the gentleness of her mind was to exert a beneficent influence upon his ruder nature ; and so she' was to become a help for him, even in his spiritual affairs. A truly pious woman is irresistible. She makes us turn to goodness, gentleness, meekness, and true love; she brings us back to the source of all these qualities— to religion. "Well armed, indeed, is the woman who in the fight of life makes religion her weapon. What else could compensate for her deficiency, and make her strong in her weakness ? By what other means could she insure her own contentment and the happiness of those inseparably con- nected with her heart ? A mighty queen without belief in God is poor and for- saken ; but the poor and forsaken, with a devoted trust in the All-merciful, she is elevated to the most noble kingdom — female excellency." Dr. Huebsch is the author of a work entitled " Peshito," which is a translation of a portion of the Syiiac version of the Old Testament into the Hebrew, with a commentary. He has also prepared and published, for the use of his own, and other congregations, a prayer-book and hymn-book in Hebrew and German. Various ser- mons by him have been published, and he wijtes much on learned and occasional topics in the Jewish papers. In 1871 he was the President of the Rabbinical Conference held in CincinnatL 283 EEV. ADOLPHUS HUEBSCH, PHD, He is a man in the prime of his mental and ptijsical energies. Of the medium height, compact and erect, he has sufficient of the physical to uphold him in any task he may undertake, while his mental faculties are always earnestly bent upon study and the diffu- sion of intelligence. His head is large, with a fine brow, and the whole expression of his face is amiable and agreeable. In his man- ners he has an invariable politeness, which gives him great popular- ity. Although a close student, he is a man of a great deal of practiT cal observation and knowledge. He is liberal in all his views, and firm and enthusiastic in all his purposes. Hence, as he admits, he finds himself in exactly the position among the Jewish people, and in exactly the country of liberty and intelligence, where he can make his scholarship and energies of the most usefulness. The rise and increase of his congregation is due to his influence with the masses, not only as. a spiritual teacher, but as a man and citizen. He preaches with a great deal of force and eloquence. There is no restraint or hesitation in his manner of dealing with his subject ; but whatever it may be, he displays the fullest information and com- prehension in regard to all its bearings. Learning and a practical realization of the needs of mankind are the chief features of all his discourses. Able and eloquent in delivery, they are sustained on his own part by a pure and consistent private life. 884 REV. ALBERT S. HUNT, D.D., PASTOK or THE njaST I»L,A.CE IMCETHODieT CHURCH, BK,OOI£LY]V , EV. DR ALBEET S. HUNT was born in Dutcliess County, New York, July 3d, 1827. He was graduated at the Wesleyan University, Middletown, Conn., in 1851, being at the head of his class, and the valedicto- rian. This was the last class which was graduated under the presidency of the late lamented and distinguished Stephen Olin, as he closed his earthly career not long after. Dr. Hunt remained at the University two years as tutor, and two years as As- sistant Professor of Moral Science and Belles-Lettres. He was al- ready a local preacher of the Methodist Church, and, after leaving the University, resumed his ministerial duties in connection with a new organization at Ehinebeck, N. Y., in the autumn of 1855. His health becoming impaired, he went to Europe, and traveled for five or six months, and did not again enter upon pastoral labors until the spring of 1859. Since that time his ministrations have all been in Brooklyn, as a member of the New York East Conference. Two years were spent at the Nathan Bang's Church, Clove Eoad : two years at the South Fifth Church, in the Eastern District, and then he received his first appointment to the First Place Church. He had been at other churches of the city, and several times at the First Place, receiving his last appointment at thfe Conference of the spring of 1874. He received his degree of D. D. from Wesleyan Univer- sity in 1872. The First Place congregation grew out of a gathering of Meth- odists, who originally worshiped in Hicks street, and took its pres- ent designation in 1857. During the same year a church edififce was erected on First Place, the whole property costing $40,000. A remaining debt of $17,000 was paid in 1866. 385 EEV. ALBERT S. HUNT, D. D. Dr. Hunt is of a tall, and well-proportioned figure. His appear- ance is very plain, and, like most Methodist ministers, there is no- thing clerical in his dress. His head is neither large nor small, and the features are only in a measure indicative of the intellectual man. He is not a person much led by other men. His opinions are quickly formed, and he holds to them with the tenacity of life itself He is conscientious, and of a serious religious temperament. He has al- ways been a close student, and, while he goes slowly along the paths of knowledge and research, he gleans with thoroughness. He writes and speaks fluently. The most appropriate words are always at com- mand, and there is an appreciable strength and beauty in all that he employs. In public speaking he shows considerable absorption in his discussion, but he has not much gesture. He explains his sub- ject with great clearness. He is an able man in his denomination. He shuns notoriety in all its forms, but works patiently and faithfully for the reward of his own conscience. He may be called an enthusiast in Methodism. A master of its every tenet, he is made earnest and successful by an inspiration which never fails him. Fame and personal benefits of every character are valueless in the nobler effort to make known the source of his own religious peaca REV. MANCIUS S. HUTTON, D. D., PA-HTOTt OF THE REFORMED DUTCH CHURCH XN W^©H:i]VGTO»r SQUARE, NETV" YORK. [EV. DE. MANCIUS S. HUTTON was born in tlie city of Troy, June 9th, 1803. He was graduated at Golumbia College about his twenty-first year, and in theology at Princeton Seminary in 1826. He was first settled over Presbyterian Church at Grerman Valley, New Jersey, in 1828, which position he held for a period of six years. In December, 1834, he was called as colleague of Eev. Dr. Matthews, at the South Dutch Church, Exchange Place, New York. The church edifice was burned in the calamitous fire of 1835, and the congrega- tion finally divided on the question of selecting a new location further up town. A division of the property was made, and a portion of the congregation, bearing the old name, built a church on the corner of Murray and Church streets, while forty-nine members, with Drs. Matthews and Hutton for pastors, organized a congregation at the chapel of the University, and at length constructed a church on Washington Square, corner of Washington Place. .The Murray street congregation now worship on Fifth avenue, but still retain the name of " South Church. " The new church on Washington Square was dedicated in Septem- ber, 18i0. It was a heavy undertaking for the congregation, the whole property having cost one hundred and eleven thousand dollars, and a large debt remained. Two years later dissatisfaction was ex- pressed with Dr. Matthews, who resigned, and Dr. Hutton became, and has since remained, the sole pastox-. At the time the debt was eighty thousand dollars, all of which has been paid, and the church is now unencumbered. The building accommodates one thousand persons. Dr. Hutton's publications consist of sermons and addresses. His degree of D. D. was received from Columbia College many years since. 387' REV. MANCIUS S. HUTTON, D. D. Dr. Hutton is a very large man, being all of six feet bigh, with breadth of shoulders and general make in proportion. As he walks he has a slight inclination forward, but his movements are easy and stately. He is of light complexion, and has straight light hair, now becoming thin and gray. His face is large and round, with moderately-sized features, and an agreeable expression. There is considerable intellectual development, and you readily take him for a person of natural reflectiveness. His manners are polite, unassuming, cordial, and gentle. You find no trouble in getting acquainted with him. Whatever you talk about that is improving or entertaining he talks about also. "Whatever emotion the topic may engender, be it seriousness or mirth, he dis- plays as mucli of it as anybody. He has one of those natures that wins from its very naturalness, from its frankness, and from its cheer- fulness. The truest manliness, the highest uprightness, and the best social qualities constantly appear, and it is as impossible to resist their influence as it is to doubt that they stand as the exact types of the man. Mingling freely and modestly among men, he is not less admired for beauties of character than he is accepted as an example of Christian and gentlemanly deportment. Dr. Hutton is a preacher of the old school. He preaches for the salvation of souls, and that alone. You look in vain in his sernions for a single sentiment showing that he has used the authority of his holy calling for any other end. In language the simplest, but with religious fervor the strongest, he argues plainly and emphatically the call to grac§. His discourses are a masterly paraphrase of the Scriptures themselves, and a calm exposition of doctrine. Avoid- ing anything like an attempt to lead the mind into metaphysical ab- stractions, he struggles, as much in love as alarm, with the uncon- verted soul. Every line is strong in faith, every page shows the ardent purpose of arresting sin and redeeming man ; and the whole is pervaded with a most tender, pleading pathos. He speaks effect- ' ively, while without the slightest ostentation, having only a few or- dinary gestures. His fine, comnianding figure, and never-varying devoutness of tone, add much to the effect of what he says. After forty-five years of active service in the ministry, he is still hale in body, and vigorous in mind, and as eager as at the outset in the har- vest of souls. 288 REV. EDWARD P. INGERSOLL, A. M., PAJSTOB OF THCE aTIDDI^E K,Ji:FOIS,MEr> CHUBCII, B BOOItt. YJV. I EV. EDWAED P. INGBESOLL, A. M., was bom at Lee, Massachusetts, May 6th, 1834. He was graduated at Williams College in 1855, and in theology at Andover in 1863. He settled in the city of Cleveland, Ohio, where he became principal of the High School for a In 1858 he was graduated at a law school, and, having been admitted to the bar of Cleveland during the same year, he practiced for three years with success. Strong convictions of duty induced him to abandon the law, and enter upon theological studies at Andover. On the conclusion of his course, he was first settled as pastor of the Congregational church at Sandusky, Ohio, in December, 1863, in which position he remained between four and five years. He then went to the Plymouth Congrega- tional church in Indianopolis, Indiana, where he labored for two years. In 1869 he was called to the Middle Eeformed Church, in South Brooklyn. This congregation was organized about thirty years ago, and public- worship was conducted in a church on the corner of Court and Butler streets. The Eev. Mr. Oteywas the first pastor, and after him came the Eev. Mr. Talmage, and then the Eev. Dr. Nicholas E. Smith, who officiated for a number of years, and was succeeded by Mr. IngersoU. After some years the congregation had so increased that a large church edifice and chapel adjoining were erected, on Harrison street, near Court street. There are about five hundred members, and the Sunday School has three hundred and fifty children. A few years since Mr. IngersoU passed a vacation in travel in Europe. He has published various sermons, and writes occasionally for the religious press. 289 EEV. EDWARD P. INGEESOLL, A.M. Mr. IngersoU has an erect and graceful figure. He has a fine head, with a face of light complexion, and so expressive of the higher intellectual and moral characteristics, that you delight to study it The eyes are large, and full of the truth and love and nobleness which are in the man, and in every feature and every line of the whole face there is to be seen some token of a truly manly and a truly elevated nature. His manners are equally fasci- nating, for they have a natural frankness, and they are the instant and emphatic evidence of his courtesy and good will. As a preacher, and a worker in the field of the Lord, he is one who makes no display of his talents, or of his ability in any particu- lar, but he preaches and he works for the single purpose of saving the lost. A man of much learned investigation, of a wide and prac- tical experience in life, he is a powerful speaker in the pulpit, and not less an energetic laborer out of it. Hence his ministry has been a great success. Of him it can be justly said that his reputation is based not only on personal worth, but on the usefulness of his talents and efforts to the community at large. EEY. DAYID INGLIS, LL.D., PASTOR OF TJHE HEFORMEIi CHUKCH 0]V Tim HEIGHTS, BIIOOICJ^YIT. DAYID INGLIS, LL. D. was born at Greenlaw, Berwickshire, Scotland, June 8th, 1825. He is the son of the Rev. David Inglis, a well-known minister in the South of Scotland. He was graduated at the Edinburgh University, in 1841, and concluded a theological course at the same institution in 1846. His license to preacb was given by the Presbytery of Carlisle, connected with the Presbyterian Church of England. In 1846, he came to the United States, and passed one year in the West without a charge. During the following year he commenced labor at Tubby Hook, near New York, at which place be continued for several years. In 1853 he was called to St. Grabriel Street Free Presbyterian Church of Montreal, where he re- mained until called, in 1855, to the McNab Street Presbyterian Church of Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, where he labored for sixteen years. He built up a very strong congregation, and there was a warm attachment between pastor and people. For some years he had held very close relations with Knox College, at Toronto, and, in September, 1871, he was elected by the General Assembly of the Canada Presbyterian Church, to the chair of Systematic TheoU ogy. Notwithstanding his reluctance ,to leave his congregation, he determined to accept the position, and accordingly entered upon his duties. In the next year, however, the postponement of an expected endowment of the institution obliged his resignation. He visited New York during 1842, and when preaching a sermon in the pulpit of his friend, the Rev. Dr. Ormiston, he was heard by a committee of the Reformed Church on the Heights, Brooklyn, and at once called to the position which he now occupies. The Reformed Church on the Heights grew out of the Central Reformed Church, who called the late Rev. Dr. Bethune from Phil- 291 EEV. DAVID INGLIS, LL. D adelphia to Brooklyn, and erected a new church on Pierrepont street The oliurch has a very eligible site on the Heights, and is a very fine building, with brown stone front, seating about one thousand two hundred people, and has a novelty of being lighted from the roof. In the rear is a spacious lecture-room, fi-onting on Monroe Place. The property cost about eighty thousand dollars, and is free from debt. Other pastors of the church were the Eev. Dr. James Eells, now of California, and Eev. Dr. Zachary Eddy, now of Detroit. Dr. Inglis received the degree of LL. D. from the Michigan Uni- versity. He published in London a work called " Crown Jewels," and in Canada, in 1861, two sermons under the respective titles of " The Memory of God's Gracious Dealings to be Cherished and Per- petuated," and " Eighteousness Exalteth a Nation." He also pub- lished other sermons, and his inaugural lecture at Knox College, under the title of " Dogmatic Theology." He was a contributor to the Princeton Review^ and Theological Journal, of New York, New York Observer, and other publications, and is now writing in the Christian Intelligencer, of New York. Dr. Inglis is of a tall, well-proportioned figure. He has a large head, with regular features. His manners are quiet and courteous to all. You experience no difficulty in feeling on easy terms with him, for he is so gentlemanly and pleasant, and falls so readily into unrestrained conversation, that you are placed on an immediate footing of intimacy. He is cheerful, warm, and sincere in all his feel- ings, drawing each person in good fellowship to himself, and giving back an abundance of good-will which cannot fail to be appreciated. He is profound in theological scholarship, and a powerful preacher of his faith. His whole nature and his deepest convictions are in- volved in his religious belief At the same time he is a ruan of en- tire calmness and method in both action and thought There is no display, no evidence of impulsiveness, but, on the contrary, that soberness of manner, and that calm deliberation which carry most weight in conversation and public speaking. He writes with force and eloquence, going deeply into the elucidation of his subject, and giving a scholar's care to the choice and effect of language. As a speaker his delivery is excellent, and he imparts t.o all that he says the impressiveness which comes from dignity of bearing and origin- ality of reasoning. Always able and successful in his ministerial work, he is justly regarded as one of the strongest minds of the Evangelical Church. REY. JOHN INSKIP, XiATE PASTOR OF THE GREENE STREET aiETHODIST CHURCH, PfE-W YORK. ^EV. JOHN S. INSKIP was born in Huntington, Eng- land, August 10th, 1816. When five years of age his father came to this country with the family, and settled in Wilmington, Delaware. Mr. Inskip says that he considers himself a "fall blooded native American," and feels no particular pride at the fact of his birth being in the realm of haughty "John Bull." His early education was pursued in the schools of Wilmington ; and later he spent some time at Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pennsylvania. He entered the itinerant ministry of the Methodist church, in connection with the Philadelphia Confer- ence, in 1835, and successively held appointments in Springfield, CecU, and Nottingham circuits, in Maryland ; at Baston, Pennsylvania, Western, Kensington, and Salem churches. Philadelphia, and Ger- mantown. In 1845 he was transferred to the Cincinnati Conference, and appointed to the Ninth Street church in that city ; then going to Dayton, and subsequently to Urbana, Springfield, and Troy. After this he was transferred to the New York East Conference, and stationed at Madison Street church, New York City, and afterward at Fleet Street, Centenary, and De Kalb Avenue churches, Brooklyn, Ninth Street, New York, and then became chaplain of the Brooklyn Fourteenth Eegiment, and served in the field equal to two ministerial years. He was next stationed at Birmingham, Conn.; then at the South Third Street ehurch, in the Eastern District of Brooklyn, and in the spring of 1866 he was appointed to the Greene Street church, New York. More recently, Mr. Inskip has devoted his time to attending and conducting Camp" Meetings as a revivalist Among other places visited by him was Utah, where he preached in a great tent, trans- ported thither for the meetings. 393 REV. JOHN INSKIP. Mr. Inskip is the author of a work, entitled " Methodism Ex- plained and Defended," published in Cincinnati in 1851 ; and was editor of the True Freeman, a weekly paper, formerly published in New York as the organ of the American Protestant Association. He was active in the Native American movement some years ago, and delivered various addresses before the Order of United Americans. Mr. Inskip is about of the medium height, with a full, round person, and an erect carriage. He has a round head, with small, regular features, and has an amiable, intelligent face. He is a social, genial man, and is always on the best terms with everybody. There is an independence and spirit of good nature about him which per- vade all his conduct, both in public and private, and make him not less a noticeable than an interesting character. He has had a world of experience with mankind, and in the events of life in his wide field of ministerial duty, and, like other veterans, he draws agreeably from his treasury of reminiscences for the entertainment and instruction of those with whom he comes in contact. He is in every sense the Methodist minister, having all the distinctive peculiarities which be- long to the individual in this branch of the clerical profession. Were he President of the United States, he would deem it a lighter honor than that of being one of the ministers of this his beloved church ; and it is his pride on all occasious to make known the fact, and act up to all the requirements of the position. The true representative Metho- dist minister is a self-made, self-educated, humble-minded, hard- toiling laborer in the vineyard of the Lord. Mr. Inskip soon lets you know that this is his exact measurement as a man and a clergyman. No place or company can prevent him from intruding himself as the independent, persistent exhorter. All times are his times for declaim- ing his religion, all places are his fitting sanctuary, and all persons are those to whom he makes himself a pastor. This is undoubtedly the true spirit of Methodism in its primitiveness and as a pre- eminently proselyting faith. The early Methodist preacher was a guide to the people, and an exhorter who was not to wait for Sab- baths and pulpits to make known his message, but to do it openly and fearlessly, at all times, and to all people. Mr. Inskip is such a man. He is busy with his religious work in season and out of season ; he exhorts with you whether you will or not, and you have to learn something about his Bible and Methodism whether you are pleased or not He has an independent, off-hand, good-natured way with bim that always carries his point, and without offenca It is not too ' 294 EEV. JOHN INSKIP. much to say that he has brought many a sheep into the fold by speak- ing when most other men would be silent, and that he has made him- self conspicuous in his denomination by an amount of faithfulness to his whole duty such as none of his cotemooraries have excelled and but few equaled. In speaking, at first his manner is very deliberate, and his voice is in rather a low tone, but as he proceeds he shows more animation. He speaks extemporaneously, but with a great deal of reflectiveness. He relates anecdotes and circumstances to illustrate his theme ; and at times he rises with an intense degree of feeling into the higher flights of impassioned eloquence. His preaching is declamatory and pathetic more than doctrinal or strictly argumentative. What argu- ment he uses is of the moral sort, drawn from the common events of life, and thus brought home to every listener. As he proceeds, mak- ing every thing clear as he goes, and stimitlating more and more the feelings of his auditors, it is seen that the large and promiscuous audience is in the closest attention, and that on the part of many the utmost sensitiveness is displayed. His earnest pathos touches the chords of feeling, and it is not difficult for him to crowd his altar night after night with new converts; At an early date the Methodist ministry was not an educated body of men. They were familiar with the text of the Bible and inspired with a holy zeal for their calling. At this time they have seminaries for the eduqation of their ministers, and they require a higher standard of qualification before candidates are admitted to the full rank of ministers of the gospel. Hence every day shows an abler class of men in the Methodist pulpit, and the preaching is more learned. But, after all, the great force in their preaching is its de- clamatory style, its showy, moving eloquence, and its appeals to the feelings. Mr. Inskip takes this road to success in his ministry. Leaving the stricter mental questionings of the contrite hearer to take care of themselves, he assails the more vulnerable heart He knows its weaknesses, how it may be softened, and how it is to be won. With matchless art, with all the promises and terrors of the scriptures at his tongue's end, with his own feelings as tender and kindly as his words are solemn and earnest, he struggles to unlock the hearts of his hearers to the impressions of religion. 293 REY. THEODORE IRYING, LL. D., i:tA.TE KOECTOK OF THCE CHTIKCIi OF THE m:ei>ia.toii, ne^v yobh:. |EV. THEODOEE lEVING was born in the city oi New York, May 9th, 1809. He is a nephew of the late Washington Irving, and was intimately associated with him in life. While making preparations to enter Co- lumbia College he went abroad, in company with his tincle, and completed his education in Madrid, Paris, and London. At the time that Louis McLain was American minister at the court of St. James, Mr. Washington Irving was Secretary of Legation, and Theodore was the private secretary of his uncle. The latter returned to the United States in 1830, and studied law a year in the office of Judge John Duer. He then became Pro- fessor of Belles-Lettres, History, and Modern Languages at Geneva College, now Hobart College, an Episcopal institution, where he remained thirteen years. During this period he received the degree of LL. D. from Union College. In 1851 he accepted the same pro- fessorship at the Free Academy, New York, in which position he remained three years, when he commenced the study of theology. In February, 1855, he was made deacon by Bishop Potter, at St. Mary's Church, Brooklyn ; and two months later he was admitted to the priesthood by the same bishop, at the Church of the Incarna- tion, New York. He was first settled as rector at Christ Ciiurch, Bay Eidge, Long Island, remaining two years ; then going to St. Andrew's, Eichmond, Staten Island, where he remained eight years, until his health failed him. He received a call to the chair of Pulpit Eloquence and Pastoral Care in the Divinity School of Philadelphia, and at the same time to the rectorship of the Church of the Mediator, New York. Having accepted the latter, he commenced his duties in January, 1865. His health failing, he went to Europe in the spring of 1867, and returned home in the autumn, when he resigned his rectoruhip of the 396 BEV. THMODOBE IRVING, LL. D. Mediaor, and took charge of St. Paul's, Newburg, in tbe absence of the rector, for one year. In 1869 he was called to Staten Island, to organize a new parish in that place, where he had a chapel when he was rector of St. Andrew's. The congregation erected a beautiful stone church (The Ascension), and he remained there three years, and then accepted a call to become President of a Ladies' College in Canada. Here he remained eighteen months, and became so charmed with the work that he determined to introduce the same plan in a school among his own people, satisfied that there was room in the city of New York for a Christian school for young ladies. He is now conducting such an establishment. The peculiar feature of this school is, that while affording the highest kind of scholastic train- ing, especial regard is given to the Christian ci:fiture of all the young ladies who enter it Dr. Irving is the author of " Conquest of Florida," " Fountain of Living Water," and "The Tiny Footfall." He gave considerable aid to his distinguished uncle in the preparation of several of his works for the press. Dr. Irving is about of the piedium height, equally proportioned, and of graceful, active movements. There is the tone of the highest breeding in his manner, and his countenance has that intelligence and pleasantness which are so attractive. Nature made him a gentleman, and culture has done nothing more than to develop and adorn in- herent qualities. A man of this kind is always genial. Dignity is softened by a thousand acts of politeness, and the heart, overflowing with its social instincts, its friendship, and its affection, teaches the lips only expressions of courtesy and gentleness. With Dr. Irving there is an ever-present dignity ; but intercourse with him is totally without restraint, from the fact of his exceeding genialitv. His warmth of manner is likewise characterized by an unmistakable sin- cerity. He means all that he appears. His conversation is very animated, and whenever it is proper turns to the cheerful side of matters. His intellectual capabilities are of the highest order. You see it in his round, full brow, his clear, speaking eyes, and, indeed, the whole expression of his face. It is evident that he is a man of a deep, comprehensive mind, and the greatest ardor in the pursuit of learning. He exhibits no pedantry, hardly a consciousness of any thing more than an ordinary degree of culture, and his intelligence and acquirements seem as mere resources to promote genial associa- tion. 297 REV. THEODOEE IRVING, LL. I). Mr. Irving has distinguished himself as a professor. The traits we have mentioned give him unbounded power as a teacher, and he has been most saccessful in the departments in which he has given instruction. As a writer he also excels. His intimacy with Wash- ington Irving gave him the benefit of one of the best masters of Eng- lish composition who ever lived. And much of the purity of diction, simplicity of style, and tenderness of tone which have made the writ- ings of his gifted uncle so noted appear in his own compositions. His sermons contain a happy mingling of learned, logical argument, and delicate religious sentiment He has very little gesture, but his voice is distinct and animated. 298 REV. SAMUEL M. ISAACS, Kj^SBI of the COTfGTlFiGAmOTf SHA-A-IRATV TEFI3L,A., TirUTV YOKE:, lEV. SAMUEL M. ISAACS was bom in Leewarden, Holland, in January, 1804. His father was a banker in that city, but losing all his property by the French war, he emigrated to England. Our subject was Princi- of an educational and charitable institution in London several years. In 1839 he came to New York, where he had received a call to the old Elm Street Synagogue {Bnai Jeshurum). He might be called the ''father of the Jewish clergy " in this city, as he has been residing here longer than any of "the other ministers. His learning and eloquence attracted crowds of visitors — Christians in large numbers, to the synagogue where' he was to be heard. He lectured in the English tongue, and so little was known of the Jews and Judaism at that time, that people were anxious to be informed on these topics. The congregation Shaaray Tefila, or "Grates of Prayer, " grew out of' the Elm Street Synagogue in 1845, and he was elected its minister. This body of Jewish worshipers held its first services in Franklin street, near Broadway, but erected a synagogue in Wooster street, near Prince, in 1845. The building, however, gave way to the up- town movement of these people, and was sold in 1864. In September, 1864, the congregation dedicated its third place of worship in the building at the corner of Thirty-sixth street and Broadway, where it remained during the erection of a synagogue in "West Forty -fourth street. This structure is one of the most magnificent public edifices in New York, and, in fact, in the world. It occupies a lot one hun- dred feet square. The material is Newark freestone, with Dorchester for trimmings, and the architecture is of the Moorish type. All the windows are of stained glass, exquisite in color and design. The columns supporting the arches over the main entrance are delicately wrought, and the entire ornamentation is very tasteful. Four massive REV. SAMCTEL M. ISAACS. columns support the roof, having their capitals elegantly decorated, and their shafts bronzed. From these columns spring grand arches longitudinally and transversely. The ceiling is highly decorated, blue, light chocolate and white being the principal colors. The walls are decorated in light buff, relieved by the beautifully stained glass windows and the ornamental borders. The seats are of black walnut, and richly cushioned. The Almenor or reading desk is ornate in design, and rishly finished in hard wood. The Ark, with which the pulpit is combined, is the most elegant erection of its class in the country. It is of black walnut, with ornaments of oak and other woods, carved and inlaid. The columns are chaste ; the bases and capitals ornate. Above the ark is a beautiful rose wmdow of stained glass. An elegant curtain of crimson satin, with velvet border and centerpiece, embroidered in bullion, hangs before the Ark. The pulpit is of black-walnut, with oak inlaid, and richly carved. The entire auditory floor is covered with handsome Axminister carpet. The building also contains four large school-rooms, a chapel, a par- lor for ladies, retiring-room for gentlemen, beside other apartments. The choir is located in the gallery. The cost of this splendid struc- ture was two hundred thousand dollars, of which the large sum of sixty thousand was for the Ark. The ceremonial of consecration took place on the afternoon of Thursday, May 11th, 1869. The music was by a choir and thirty-five pieces of music. The possession of the synagogue was placed in the keeping of the President by an appropriate address, and the delivery of a silver key. The scrolls of the law were then brought with due ceremony from the vestibule by the appointed bearers. As the Ark was approached the perpetual light was lighted, and the receptical was opened by the past-President Seven circuits of the synagogue were then made by the bearers, the choir chanting psalms mean- while. At the close of this last circuit the scrolls of the law were re- turned to the Ark, the choir chanting a psalm. A consecration discourse was then delivered by the minister, and a prayer offered for the welfare and perpetuity of the United States government. A concluding hymn and benediction closed the services. In 1866 the Eev. H. Philips was elected reader. Rev. Mr. Isaacs devotes himself exclusively to the duties of minister, and discourses regularly eveiy other Saturday. The services adhere very closely to those adopted by the synods of centuries ago, and are entirely in Hebrew, except the sermon and prayer for the government The 300 EEV. SAMUEL M. ISAACS. males are seated below and the females in the galleries. Scarfs are worn by the males and the hats are retained. There is no organ — the chorals are chanted by men and boys. The Jewish Messenger thinks that there are not less than eighty thousand J.ews in New Yort, because the New Year holidays found upward of thirty synagogues crowded to excess, and there were at least twenty temporary shrines opened for the solemn season, all full to repletion. In the eastern section of the city, from Fourteenth to Seventieth street, there were ten minor halls fitted up as synagogues, and all were full. In 1706 the first Jewish congregation was formed in New York, and in 1744 the first synagogue was built. In 1839 there were only three synagogues in the city ; but ten years later they had greatly increased. There are now some three hundred and twenty in the United States. Mr. Isaacs has himself consecrated thirty-eight synagogues in different parts of the country, including the first one ever built in the State of Illinois. The first Jewish settlers in the United States emigrated from the Dutch West Indies and Guiana, and Holland itself, and established themselves at Newport, E. I., New York, Charleston and Savannah. The earliest record dates back to 1660, when a charter was granted by the province of New Amsterdam to the Jewish community, . authorizing the laying out of a burial ground. There is a syna- gogue standing at Newport, E. I., erected more than a hundred and fifty years ago. Eev. Mr. Isaacs has been for many years the editor of the Jewish Messenger, a weekly journal which is the organ of the strict, or con- servative Jews, and of which he is also the publisher in connection with two of his sons. He wields a ready and powerful pen, and has done as much as any man in this country in establishing the Jewish press. He is connected with all the Jewish charities of New York, some of which he was active in founding. Mr. Isaacs is under the average height, and very active in his tem- perament His head is small, but of intellectual appearance, and he has regular, delicate features. He has clear hazel eyes, hair sprinkled with gray, and white whiskers. In his manners he is very pleasing, being frank, courteous, and warm with all persons, and he shows much animation in conversation. He is cheerful, and noted for a keen sense of humor. The strong points of his character are amiability, benevolence, and piety, and, above "all, firmness to prin- ciples, opinions, and purposes. He enjoys excellent health, owing to 01 REV. SAMUEL M. ISAACS. bis regular habits and indefatigable industry. He rises early, and attends synagogue every morning before seven o'clock. He is a strict Jew in every sense. He stands at the head in this country of the old school of Jews. This is the party who resist the innovations in the service of the synagogue, which are advocated and carried out by the class known as radicals, who are now not by any means incon- siderable in numbers. In his pulpit and his paper, Mr. Isaacs brings all the power of his talents, learning, and force of character to uphold Judaism in its primitive characteristics ; and he has done it with an abilitj' and success which have given him a wide fame in his own religious body, and among the people generally. His style as a preacher is logical and emphatic. The power of his erudition, and his superior natural comprehensiveness, are seen in all his statements and arguments, and his earnest tones and manner show how sincerely his heart is in all that he utters. He is honest, fair, and sometimes perhaps a little blunt in the discussion of all questions, but at the. same time there is not less display of the tender and sympathetic emotions of the heart. His people are drawn to him by unusually strong ties. He is the embodiment and illustration of their cherished principles of faith, and in his personal character stands pre-eminent for the highest qualities which can adorn the individual, clergyman, and citizen, 303 REV. BISHOP EDMUND STORER JANES, D. D., OF THE METHODIST EPISCOPA.3L. CHXJKCH. )EV. BISHOP EDMUND STOEBE JANES, D. D., was bom in Sheffield, Berkshire county, Mass., April 27th, 1807. At the time he was four years of age his parents removed to Salisbury, Connecticut. From 1824 to 1830 ^ra te was engaged in teaching, and during three years of this period ^['5 found opportunity to give attention to the study of the law. When about to seek admission to the bar, the sudden death of the person with whom he was to associate himself in business, and his own religious conversion, induced him to change his plans and com- mence preparations for entering the Methodist ministry. His first ap- pointment was in April, 1830, at Elizabeth, New Jersey, where he remained two years. Subsequently he preached at Orange, was an agent of Dickinson College for three years, pastor of churches ia Philadelphia for three years, pastor in New York for two years, and Financial Secretary of the American Bible Society for four years. His change from the last-named position was occasioned by his being elected one of the nine bishops of the Methodist Episcopal Church, in 1844. Six years of the time enumerated were likewise given to the study of theology ; and while performing the active duties of the pas- torship he also undertook the study of medicine, without any design, however, of changing his profession. He was ordained deacon in 1852, and elder in 1854. In 1842 he received the degree of M.D. from the Vermont University, and in the same year that of A. M. from Dickinson College, and in 1844 that of D. D., also from the latter in- stitution. His field of labor as bishop has been chiefly in New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania. In 1857, and again in 1863, he visited California. During a visit to Europe he presided over one of the German Conferences; and he was elected a delegate to the British Conference of 1865. He has traveled in all the States except Florida, and in most of the Territories. In 1859 he 303 REV. BISHOP EDMUND S. JANES, D. D, ' attempted to bold a conference in Texas, in the interest of the church north, but himself and the body were mobbed and dispersed. The particular district in which each bishop is employed is a subject of arrangement between themselves once a year, and the intention is that each shall at some time visit every portion of the church. The salary and traveling expenses of the bishops are paid out of the pro fits of the Methodist Book Concern. This powerful and wealthy establishment was organized in 1789, in Philadelphia, with a borrowed capital of only $600. It was con- ducted by agents, who, up to 1808, were stationed like other preach- ers. The business was at length removed to Kew York, and from one street to another until, in 1883, it was located in Mulberry street, where the manufacturing is still carried on in an extensive building. In 1836 the building, machinery, and most of the stock were destroyed by fire. In the spring of 1799 the whole amount of capital, inclad- ing debts, amounted to $4,000 ; five years later it had reached $27,000, and in 1808 it was $45,000. An exhibit for 1864 shows its total assets to be $562,694 74, and the profits in four years to have been $205,285 34. The sales of books and periodicals, from 1860 to 1863, amounted to $1,507,873 18. During the same period two hundred and eighty -on3 new works were issued, besides picture papers, Sunday- school tracts, &c. The serial publications issued are the Christian Advocate and Journal^ the Quarterly Beview, the Sunday-School Advo- cate, circulating nearly two hundred and thirty thousand copies ; the Sunday-School Teachers' Journal, the Good News, circulating some fifty thousand copies monthly in the army and navy.; the Pacific Christian Advocate, and California Christian Advocate. On the separation of the Methodist Church into a division North and South, occasioned by differences on the slavery question, the southern section claimed a share of the Book Concern property and business. The claim was resisted by the church North, and a suit ensued, which led to a great deal of bad feeling in and out of the church, and, being earned to the Supreme Court of the United States, was decided in favor of the church South. A final settlement was effected in 1853, by which the Book Concern agreed to pay to the church South $191,000 in cash, $40,648 51 in notes and accounts, making $231,648 51. Expenses in suit, $2,063. Total, $233,711 51, leaving the nominal capital $439,798 39. The profits of the Book Concern not only pays the salary and ex- penses of the bishops, but dividends are appropriated to the benefit 304 RET. BISHOP EDMUND S. JANES, D. D. of the traveling, supernumerary, superannuated, and worn out preach- ers, their wives, widows, and children. In consequence of the division of the property with the church South, dividends were suspended in 1853. They were resumed again in 1863, when a dividend of $400 was made to forty conferences. A few years since a large purchase of property was made on Broadway. The report to the Greneral Conference in 1872, shows that the total cost of the lots, building and fixtures, 805 Broadway, was $950,356 62 ; that portions of it are rented out for $72,700, which not only pays seven per cent on the investment, but leaves a balance of $6,175 04 towards paying the taxes and insurance. The sales for the last four years amounted to $2,426,840 42, on which there was a net 'profit of $275,140 17, and, together with income from other sources, made a total income of $362',094 67. But out of this sum were paid, by order of the Greneral Conference, for salaries and travel- ing expenses of the bishops, &c., $105,413 04, leaving the net amount of $256,681 63 to be added to capital. This net capital aggregated, November 30th, 1871, the sum of $1,055,179 57. The real estate owned by the several Concerns, East and West, amounts to $957,104 13 ; the merchandise, to $518,616 12 ; cash on hand, $75,159 25 ; notes and accounts, $305,446. Total assets, $1,850,315 50. The liabilities are- $735,135 93, and the gross earnings from sales are $63,- 095 92. The report further presents a fair showing for the various publications, books, tracts, magazines, periodicals, &c., and concludes with the statement that the Book Concern was never in as good con- dition for transacting business as at the present time. It has more room, and has increased the number of its presses to keep pace with the demands for their publications. Bishop Janes has no publications except pamphlet sermons, and an " Address to Class Leaders." We make the following extract from the last, showing the origin and purpose of class leaders in the Methodist Church : " When Mr. Wesley, moved by the Holy Ghost, entered upon his wonderftil ministerial career, he was so much in sympathy with Jesus when, by the Grace of God, he tasted death for every man, that he felt and declared, ' The world is my parish.' This with him was a practical sentiment. Hence his intense zeal in the sacred office, his entire devotedness to it, the energy, patience, perseverance, and disinterestedness with which he labored to fulfill it. So intent was he on success in his work, that he employed every auxiliary which he could command. And in this, more than anything else, is the pre-eminence of that man of God seen — his tact and talent in the employment of others, in taking assistance whenever and wherever he 805 REV. BISHOP EDMUND S. JANES, D. D. could find it, using the wliole talent of the church for the furtherance of the glorious ministerial enterprise of his heart and hands. As a wise master-builder, he knew just what to do with every class of talent, just how to direct and employ all the life and love, all the intelligence and piety of the church of which he was an overseer ; and hence in that church which he founded there is such a division of authority, responsibility, and service, as is found in no other. In fulfilling his ministry he soon found that the invitations to preach and the opportunities to be useful wer3 more numerous than he could improve; consequently he employed fellow-laborers, who devoted themselves wholly to the work of the ministry, and were with him as- sociated pastors of the people. Very soon, such was the progress of the work, that these openings became too numerous for himself and his co-laborers to fill. He provided for this lack by instituting a lay ministry, who, in the absence of the pas- tors, should be their representatives, and who should preach in their stead, as laborers together with them in the vineyard of the Lord .Tesus Christ. The multiply- ing of appointments to preach, the enlarging of their sphere, and the circuit form of their work, were found to deprive the people of appropriate and needful pastoral supervision and care. His spiritual genius at once provided for this want, and that provision is found in the o£5ce and work of the class-leader. When the American Methodist Episcopal Church was organized this office was appropriately understood and recognized, and class-meetings were made an integral and essential part of our ecclesiastical economy, and from that day to the present this institution has been one of the developments of the great power which the church has exerted, and of the great success which God has given us. ' ' From this history of the origin of class-meetings, we learn that to assist the ■ itinerant minister in his pastoral work was the primary reason for their institution. This reason is a very conclusive and urgert one. Owing to the itinerant character of our ministry, there is no other way in which our pastoral work can be fully and properly performed. It is necessary that the preacher, who comes as a stranger, should have the help of the leader to introduce him at once to his people, and to make known to him their spiritual estate. The office is especially necessary that the pastoral work may be carried out in detail, that every member may be visited and conversed with personally as frequently as his spiritual welfare requires. It is in- dispensable that we should have this office, in order that there may be a permanent pastorate in the church; a pastor whom the people shall all know and understand, and be acquainted with his afifection and sympathy for, and his interest in, them, and that in the interchange of pastors there may be no time when there shall not be in the church an appropriate pastoral supervision and superintendence. These interests are all happily secured when competent leaders, as the discipline requires, ' see each person in their classes once a week at least, in order — 1st, to inquire how their souls prosper; 2d, to advise, reprove, comfort, or exhort, as occasion may require.' " Bishop Janes is a little under the medium height, and of a roimd, well-proportioned person. His head is ample in size, with a high, broad brow, and otherwise unif.rm and intelligent features. He has gray hair, a venerable appearance, and a quiet though impressive dignity. His expression is serious and severe in the extreme, and he has a cold, searching gaze, but he is nevertheless a man of kindly and generous sympathies. You judge him at once to be an original thinker and an earnest worker. His mind is always grappling, always solving, always 300 REV. BISHOP EDMUND S. JANES, D. D. illuminating some Christian problem, and his energies are ever toil, ing, ever achieving, and ever pressing onward in the line of his Epis- copal duties. For him rest and weariness of the mental or physical nature are almost impossibilities. From youth up, through the course of his self-denying and varied studies, and both as pastor and bishop, his entire life has been made up of thought and effort. His countenance tells the story of intellectual aspirations and of his never- faltering spirit. It declares that bis yearnings are for intellectual, moral, and religious advancement, and it shows that decision and Bternness of purpose which seldom fail to secure success in any plan. Intercourse: with the bishop can only confirm this judgment of him Gentlemanly and courteous, he is always reserved. In his opinions lie is ever consistent and frank, and they testify to sterling traits of character, as well as the largest intelligence and the most absorbing piety. He stands before you the scholarly gentleman, the serious- minded Christian, and one who will teach you, by the example of his life, under no circumstances whatever, to weary of expanding and adorning the mind, and purifying and redeeming the soul. Bishop Janes is a calm, unassuming preacher. His voice is feeble, so much so, that in an ordinaiy conversation it requires close attention to hear what he says, and in public he speaks with evident labor, at lengthy intervals, however, being decidedly. animated. He has none of that declamatory boisterousness common with Methodist preachers, and his .whole delivery is thoughtful, and subdued. Whether his ser- mon is written, or, as is generally the case, extempore, it has the same features of premeditation, close, critical reasoning, and devout, re- ligious sentiment s6r REY. DANIEL V. M. JOHNSON, JIJEOTOR OF ST. IHAKY'S EPlSCOI»A.ti CUXJIlCIl, BKOOltLYN EV. DANIEL Y. M. JOHNSON was bom in Brooklyn, June 7tli, 1812. He received an academic education, and was graduated at tlie Episcopal General Theological Seminary, New York, in 1835. He was ordained dea- in the same year, and priest in 1836. After a short period at Trinity, now St. Luke's Church, Brooklyn, he went to the west, where he officiated until ill-bealtli obliged his return to his native city. In the fall of 1842 he became rector of St. John's Church, Islip, Long Island, and thus continued for nearly five years. lie was next called to the Holy Comforter,. floating chapel. New York, and, after a service of nine years to the parish of St Mary's, Brooklyn, founded by himself long previously as a free church. A new edifice was completed in 1859, on a new site on Classon avenue, the whole property costing $30,000. The congregation is composed of over two hundred families and three hundred communicants. Mr. Johnson has always declined to have any of his sermons published, and reprehends the practice. In this matter he seems to run counter to the generally entertained impression that good seed cannot be too widely scattered. He is a person under the medium height, of a well-knit frame and somewhat muscular appearance. In early life he suffered the loss of an eye, which, however, is not much noticed, as he wears spec- tacles. His face has a pleasant, though decided expression. It is readily to be seen that he is a strict, conscientious man, and one never given to frivolity, and scarcely to smiles. His head bespeaks a practical rather than a keen or brilliant mind. As far as every- day affairs are concerned; as far as his judgment is called into exer- cise in regard to the common-sense rules of duty ; as far as culture may be turned to account in a plain, methodical way, he is a man of great value to his congregation and fiie,nds. In these particulars bus EEV. DANIEL V. M. JOHNSON. he never makes a mistake, and those who have enjoyed his counsel in times of affliction, when the judgment was at fault, when the road of duty was not clear, and when the common sense of theology was sought for, have found him a rare and experienced guide. Mr. Johnson's life has been very remarkable for constant and severe labor in his profession. Under manifold and the most dis- couraging difficulties, he has steadily pursued his work of devotion and faith. He has been in poor parishes — among the sailors, and at times pressed upon by a weight of discouragement, in reference to all concerning him, that few could have supported. But, with a sole and confident reliance on the promises of his religion, he has breasted every storm and surmounted thickening difficulties, ever standing a noble example to his fellow Christians. Without question this toiling, suffering, faithful life is the true evidence of the Master's spirit It is the humble and retired walks of Christian usefulness, the seeking of new fields, and the ingathering of the lowly that ex- hibit the highest traits of the sanctified man. Consider for a moment a picture of one of the classes of clergy- men. He is prayerfiil, patient, and poor. He asks little of Provi- dence ; and would be satisfied with less than he gets. He wears shabby clothing, and he reduces his family expenses down to the lowest figure, and saves something for those worse off than himself Early in the morning and late into the night he is occupied with study, prayer, or some duty in the cause of sinners. He preaches not only in his own church, but for the feeble organizations round about ; he goes among the Sabbath schools with books, and he is constantly originating new plans for the enlargement of his own work and the benefit of the church. He never falters ; he never complains ; he never stops the moral plow to which he has set his hand. A large family grow up about him, and if he has one desire above another it is to educate his children and make them useful members of society. Worn down with his severe labors, perhaps actually prostrated by ill-health, he finds difficulties and disappoint- ments pursue his steps, and at times sorrow and gloom seem to have overwhelmed him. But in the darkest hour he beholds the face of his God shining upon him, and when his fellow-men, knowing his situation, expect him to faint and despair, he 'is sustained by an anchor and encouraged by an inspiration which come from above. He struggles on ; he keeps busy in the same heroic labor of Christian love, only to close his efforts with his pure, martyr-like life. sou EEV. DANIEL V. M. JOHNSON". l^his picture is a just representation of Mr. Johnson. Happily he has been successful in his work ; and now, in the descending roaH of life, he finds himself at the summit of his ambition. It is m o labor less, not to repose on laurels obtained, not to think that there is anything less of patience and toil. But it is that he has been able to gather a congregation who esteem his labors, and who have sta- tioned him in a temple forever free to all. In a distant part of the city, in a field which he has diligently cultivated through years of barrenness, he may well appreciate the fruit of which he is the husbandman. Mr. Johnson preaches a plain, solid sermon. He has drawn about him a class of people who want the truth in its plainest dress ; and he never disappoints them. Dealing much in common-place ideas, and following very strictlv the beaten path laid out by the learned of the church, with very little that is original, he preaches a sermon abounding in common-sense argument and religious counsel. His voice is somewhat harsh. He reads effectively, and at times shows considerable animation. This aninaation, however, is with no idea of display, but comes from earnestness of personal conviction and feeling. If in the byways of Brooklyn there is a poor sinner seeking an altar free to all comers, and a preacher wholly devoted to the salva tion of souls, let him or her attend Mr. Johnson's ministrations. 810 • HEV. DAVID B. JUTTEN, A. M., pjvstor of the sixteenth street baptist CHURCH, TfE^W YORK:. I EV. DAVID B. JUTTEN, A. M., was born in New York, January 7tli, 1844. After attending different public schools of the city, he went to Madison Uni- versity, at Hamilton, New York, where he was graduated in 1867. He then took a theological course in the same in- stitution, which was completed, in 1870. "While at the Uni- versity he took temporary charge of a church in Central New York, and after graduation went for a short time to one in New Jersey. At the last named period his health was not good, and he was seeking its restoration. During 1870 he was called to the E Street Baptist Ohua'ch, Washington City, where he remained three years. Having accepted a call to the Sixteenth Street Church, New York, as the successor of the Eev. Dr. William S. Mikels, he was installed on the last Sunday in June, 1873. The Sixteenth Street Baptist Church was organized in October, 1833, with eighteen members, of whom ten were females and eight males. The first preaching was in a hall in Eighteenth street, and Eev. David Bernard was called as the first pastor. Eev. Dr. Alonzo Wheelock was with the congregation nearly seven years, and Eev. J. W. Taggart about eight years. Dr. Mikels was the next pastor, and thus remained for a period of sixteen years, until May, 1873, when impaired health obliged him to resign. Two pastors have temporarily supplied the pulpit, one of whom was the Eey. Dr. Hodge, a noted name in the Baptist denomination. In 1839 a new church edifice was built in Sixteenth street, near Eighth avenue, which was greatly enlarged in 1857, at a cost of some fourteen thousand dollars. The members now number between seven and eight hundred persons. The regular Sunday school has five 311 EEV. DAVID B. JUTTEN, A. M. hundred scholars and sixty officers and teachers, and a Mission school has been established in Hudson street Mr. Jutten is of the medium height, and equally proportioned. His head is" of good size and form, v/hile the face is expressive of an amiable character. His greeting to all is frank and sincere. A very short acquaintance with him shows him to you as he will always be found. He is plain, matter-of-fact, and honest in all that he says and does, making no pretensions in any particular, but quickly proving himself to you, in both mind and conduct, to be a man pf the most commendable qualities. Calm and self-possessed in his nature, he i? one who never hesitates in the line of his duty, nor is he ever at a loss to know exactly what it is. Socially there can be no person more agreeable and more interesting with the young and old, and in his public character there is the same adaptability and harmony of the individual with his position. Mr. Jutten is by no means a fanatic or bigot, but at the same time he is a clergyman of very deep and earnest religious convictions. His own life is measured by strict and conscientious rules of personal action, and he seek through it, and by his teachings in the pulpit, and out of it, to illustrate, not only the necessity for the religious culture of every person, but the pleasure and profit in it. Thus im- pressed, he preaches with peculiar force and pathos. He does not seem to be desirous of making any display of his. own talents, but he prayerfully and earnestly calls to the unconverted to be saved, and upon all to look closely to, the acts of every hour of their existence. He argues with a great deal of power, for his scholarly ability is by no means limited, and his eloquence, though calm and modest, is very effective. Hence, in the Eev. David B. Jutten, the Baptist ministry has a most devoted and efficient representa,tive, and the community at large one of its strong champions against evil 313 REY. JOSEPH KIMBALL, D.D., PAHTOK OF TXIE FIRST Ki:FOIl3IEI> CHXJKCII, 'EV. DE. JOSEPH KIMBALL was bom at JSTewburgh, New York, August 10th, 1820. His academic course was pursued at his native place. He was graduated at Union College in 1839, and in theology at the Associate Eeformed Seminary in 1844. He was ordained in the latter year, and first settled at Hamptonburgh, Orange County, New York, where he remained eight years. After this he went to a church in "Washington county, where he continued two years and a half, and then to a Presbyterian Church at Brockport, New York, over which he officiated for seven years. He next accepted a call to the Eishkill Eeformed (then Dutch) Chiirch, where he labored for two years and a half, and was thence called to his present field, the First Eeformed Church of Brooklyn, where he was installed November 21st. 1865. The organization of the First Eeformed Church dates as far back as when the colony was under the Dutch regime. The records show- that two hundred and nineteen years ago, in the year 1654, Grover- nor Stuyvesant, then little less than the omnipotent ruler of the colony, ordered the inhabitants of Flatbush, Brooklyn, and Flatlands, to pre- pare timber and materials to build a church at Flatbush — which was the county town. On the 6th of August, 1655, the scout (Sheriff) was ordered to convene the inhabitants of the county, for the purpose of ascertaining whether they would approve of the Eev. Johannis Polhemus as their minister, and what salary they would pay him. It appears that the people approved of Mr. Polhenms, and agreed to pay him one thousand and forty guilders ($416) per year. The churches of Flatbush, Brooklyn, and Flatlands were known as collegiate churches — the appointed minister making a circuit of them from Sab- bath to Sabbath. In 1785 the Dutch church at Grravesend became one of the collegiate churches. The union of the churches termina- ted in 1787 by the Flatbush church calling a minister of their own. 313 REV. JOSEPH KIMBALL. D. C. Brooklyn certainly had a church edifice before the first church was built at Flatbush, and probably a parsonage also, but where they were situated is unknown. The first church of which there is a dis- tinct record was built in 1666, on the public road, and rebuilt in 1766. The site was adjacent to the present location of the edifice of the first Church on Joralemon street. There were no other churches in the county of Kings than the Eeformed Dutch churches before the year 1785. In that year a dissenting Episcopal clergyman gathered a few hearers, which subsequently formed the nucleus of the first Episcopal congregation in Brooklyn. The Dutch churches supported all the poor of the county until the year 1784. The English governors were not favorably disposed toward either the Dutch churches or people. In 1694, Governor Fletcher attempted to throw the support of the Episcopal church upon the whole colony, but the House of Assembly refused to concur with him, which offended his excellency. Lord Cornbury became governor in 1702. He was the vilest governor who ever ruled in America ; a church robber, and a persecutor of the Dutch the Presbyterians, and the French colonists. Among his infamous proceedings was the imprisonment of the Presbyterian ministers who attempted to preach in the city of New York without his license, and the denouncing of the Dutch for offering these men the use of their cburch. The First congregation was largely made up of the old Dutch fam- ilies of Long Island, and for many years sheds were provided for those who came a long distance with their carriages. All the fine church buildings now in the vicinity, and, in fact, all the city improve- ments of that busy and elegant portion of the city, have risen in the fields with which the First church was for so long a period surrounded. The congregation for many years was in charge of the late esteemed Rev Dr. Dwight. In 1860, Eev Dr. A. A. Willets, of Philadelphia, was called, who remained several years, and was succeeded, after an interval of about six months, by Eev. Dr. Kimball. Dr. Kimball received his degree of D. D. from Eutgers College, at New Brunswick, New Jersey, in 1866. His publications consist of various occasional sermons. Dr. Kimball is about of the medium height and equally propor- tioned. He goes with active, quick steps, and whatever he does is done rather impulsively. His head is of the average size, with regu- lar features, which show him to be a person of very amiable charac- teristics. His complexion is fair, with lumiaous eyes, which impart 314 EEV. JOSEPH KIMBALL, D. D. their bright beams to bis whole countenance. "While he is not with- out dignity, he is so affable and courteous that it places no resei-ve upon the intercourse of any one with him. His taste and disposition in all things lead him to prefer simplicity and frankness of character, and he exemplifies them in his conduct on all occasions. Dr. Kimball's sermons are beautiful compositions, and while they do not lack in scholarship, this is not their distinguishing excellence. Their great peculiarity is the strong and cheerfal religious faith with which they abound, and the affecting pathos with which the appeal is made to the feelings. He touches the springs of the heart's emo- tions as delicately, while as potently, as ever an enchanter touched with his wand, and he draws them forth in overwhelming floods. His power is in a soft musical voice, in his happy selection of language, and in his knowledge of the human character and heart. There is genuine refreshment for mind and heart in the sermons of Dr. Kimball. You are not startled by those intellectual thunderings which characterized the sensational pulpit orators, nor are you fascin- ated by the flowery imagery of the sentimental preachers, but you are interested by the forcible statement of serious truths, and charmed and melted by the affectionate and appropriate language which is employed. The most sluggish mind awakens and expands under such teachings, and the heart, be it of stone, softens and yearns for better things under such appeals. Nothing that is said appears to be intended for profundity, or even eloquence, but it seems like words in good season spoken by a competent and friendly counselor. There is a pathetic style of preaching which has no pretension whatever to either learning or logic. Dr. Kimball's style differs entirely from this, for, while it is tender and full of emotional passages, it is alto- gether powerful in thought He speaks as a scholar and thorough student of the Scriptures, and at the same time with a heart overflow- ing with tenderness. Dr. Kimball is always to be found treading quietly and faithfully in the paths of pastoral duty, rather than seeking public notice. He has attained a high rank in the Presbyterian and Eeformed denom- inations for his talents, and he has now the first place in public re- gard; but all this has been quite unsought by him, for his incessant energies have been devoted to the practical work of the ministry and not at all to schemes of ambition. He is unselfish and unthinking of fame ; but his noble and consistent action in all spheres of duty has naturally given him great social and public influence. 315 REY. G. FREDERICK KROTEL, D. D., PA-STOXl OF THE ]L,TJTIIEIlA.T>r CIUJTICH OF THE HOr^Y TRINITY, ISTEW YOUIt. ) EV. DE. G. FREDERICK KROTEL was bom in the Kingdom of Wurtemburg, Germany, February 4th, 1826. His parents emigrated to this country when he was four years of age, and took up their abode in Phila- delphia, where he passed most of his life. He was graduated at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, in 1846, and pursued a private theological course under the Rev. Dr. Denne. He entered the ministry in 1848, in connection with the Lutheran Synod of Pennsylvania, and was installed over a small congregation in the suburbs of Philadelphia, where he remained one year. He next went to Lebanon, Pennsylvania, to the Salem Church, where he officiated until 1853. After this he went to Trinity Church, Lan-. caster, where he labored until the close of 1861, when he accepted a call to St Mark's Church, Philadelphia. In April, 1868, he com- menced his duties as pastor of his present congregation, the Evan- gelical Lutheran Church of the Holy Trinity. This congregation is a new Lutheran organization, which was founded by Dr. Krotel at the period named. It grew out of the different Lutheran congregations then in existence in New York, and mainly out of St. James' Lutheran church. All the Lutheran con- gregations in this city, except Holy Trinity and St James' are Ger- man, and the preaching is in that language. St James' Church is on the east side of the city, and it was thought necessary to have an English Lutheran church on the west side, and in accordance with this view the church of the Holy Trinity was established. The church edifice occupied by the Reformed congregation under the care of Rev. Dr. Alexander R. Thompson, in Twentieth street, near Sixth avenue, was leased for one year, and regular services commenced. The congregation purchased this church for about sixty thousand dollars. The church began with eighty membera, and there has been 316 REV. G. FREDERICK KBOTEL, D. D. a satisfactory increase. The Sunday school has two hundred scholars. Dr. Krotel received his degree of D. D. from the University of Pennsylvania about 1865. He is the author of a translation of the "Life of Philip Melancthon ;" of a volume on the " Beatitudes," and other smaller works. He is slightly under the medium height, with a compact, well- proportioned figure. His head is of more than the average size, with large features. His complexion is light, with an inclination to sallow- ness. He has a prominent brow, clear intelligent eyes, and altogether one of those calm good faces which win regard. While his manners show a great deal of modesty, he is a man who maintains himself with dignity and propriety on all occasions. He is courteous, and has that fluent and happy power of conversation which renders him a most agreeable social companion. His mind is of the serious re- flective kind, and he is always much absorbed in his studies; but at the same time there are few men who have more cheerfulness and geniality in personal intercourse. There is an invariable warmth in his greeting with all persons, and his friendship is tender and lasting. Dr. Krotel is a very sedate, serious kind of preacher. It has never been the practice of his denomination to encourage or tolerate anything else. They go to their churches to worship, and not mei'ely to "assist" at an ostentatious display of pulpit oratory. Their pastors are never vainpersons,-seeking the ends of personal ambition, but godly men, preaching Christ and Him crucified. Dr. Krotel expounds the Scriptures with a thoroughness of learn- ing, and a keen and logical style of argument, which arrest undivided attention. His language is very plain and matter-of-fact, but it is completely to the point and full of force. His arguments cover the whole ground, and they are not only learned, but clear and fair ex- planations of the subject He afibrds instruction at the same time that he touches the tender emotions and spurs the mind and heart to heavenly aspirations. In a word, he is a sound, reliable, pious man, who bends the whole energies of his nature and talents to the salva- tion of mankind, Dr. Krotel considers the national distinctions, especially in regard to the preaching in the Grerman language, which have prevailed in the Lutheran Church in tbe United States, as a fatal obstacle to its progress among the masses. Hence he is directing his labors to the removal of these barriers. He seeks to draw into his new organiza- 317 EEV. G. FEEDEEIOK KBOTEI,, D. D. tion not partieularly the German, or the men or women of any par- ticular nationality, but all who are willing to accept the principles of faith of the Eeformed church. It must not be supposed that his effort to Anglicize the Lutheran Church is willingly acquiesced in by all its preachers and people. On the contrary, it is strenuously re- sisted in many quarters by those who cling to the language of the fatherland. Dr. Krotel has every requisite in talents and energy for his work. In the pulpit and out of it he has those characteristics which are always effective agents in securing popular fevor. He is able not only to declaim but to teach ; and in all his personal relations he is one who practices his own precepts. His religious duties, and the welfare of those committed to his spiritual charge, form the chief subject of his thoughts. He is consistent, pious, and faithful, and is not less a guide to the people than an example to his professional brethren. 318 REY. FRANCIS E. LAWRENCE, D. D., kectok, of the chxjrch of the iiol,y com:m;u]viom, (EI«iiscoe»j^.l,), nett yokk. EV. DE. FEANCIS E. LAWEENCE was born in the village of Flushing, Long Island, May 12th, 1827. He was graduated at St. Paul's College, at that place, in 1848, and at the Episcopal General Theological Semin- New York, in 1852. He was made a deacon of the Epis- copal Church, at the Church of the Annunciation, New York, by Bishop Chase, of New Hampshire, in the same year, and priest at Trinity Church, by Bishop Wainright, in 1853. At the close of his seminary course he became assistant of Dr. William A. Muhlenberg, at the Church of the Holy Communion, afterward associate rector, and on the retirement of Dr. Muhlenberg, in 1859, sole rector of the parish, and is still in charge. He received his degree of D. D. from Trinity College, in 1869. The Free Church of the Holy Communion was founded by Dr. Muhlenberg in 1846. The buil'dings were erected by Mrs. A. C. Eogers, a sister of Dr. Muhlenberg, as a memorial of her deceased husband. The church was consecrated in December, 1846, by Bishop Ives, then of North Carolina, but later a proselyte to the Catholic faith. The site, on the corner of Sixth avenue and Twentieth street, is one of the most eligible in the city, and the whole property is now valued at almost eighty thousand dollars. Adjoining the church on Sixth avenue an edifice was erected by the liberality of John H. Swift, Esq., which is occupied as a' free school for the poor of the church, and is under the charge of an Episcopal sisterhood, known as the " Sisters of the Holy Communion." This sisterhood was founded by Dr. Muhlenberg, and now consists of some twelve persons. They have also charge of St Luke's Hospital, of which Dr. Muhlenberg is the superintendent and pastor. The church of the Holy Communion has about four hundred and fifty communicants, and the Sunday School has three hundred and fifty children. The day school has 319 BEV. FRANCIS E. LAWEENCE, D. D. sixty children. Two religious services are held, daily, and the com- munion is administered weekly. The parish is large, and is in a most prosperous condition. Dr. Lawrence is under the medium height, well proportioned, and an active, energetic sort of person. He has a round head, sandy complexion, and a countenance which betokens intelligence and am- iable qualities of character. His manners are entirely plain and un- assuming, while characterized by a great deal of cflurtesy and kind- ness. He has been brought up in a strict school of religious discipline, as a protege of the venerable and pious Muhlenberg. Devoting him- self to the church has been to abandon the world. With him, his induction into the holy oflfices of the church was that he should yield himself wholly to spiritual duties. He is a priest of the Most High, and always engaged in labors which belong to his spiritual position. His church is open twice every day, and he stands at its altar dis- pensing the word of the Lord. Works of daily charity, efforts in the cause of education and in the propagation of the faith of his church, are the duties to which he esteems himself called. He has no com- mission to meddle in secular matters, to expound on politics, or at- tack public measures or men. He might make a great deal more noise in the world, as others have done, if he changed his attitude in these particulars, but he will not do it He will not do it, because he belongs, like his illustrious guide and example in the priesthood, to those who discipline themselves to the spirittMl life as the only one proper in the clergyman. Dr. Lawrence is a very good speaker, but not in any sense a showy one. Pe makes everything clear to the hearer. He argues his case closely, and at all times there is the most complete evidence of sin- cerity and a devout appreciation of his holy theme. He does not present himself as an orator, and he avoids every word, attitude, and gesture which can give any especial prominence to himself in the mind of the listener. Here again he shows how fully he has given himself to the spiritual character. His part in all the services of the sanctuary is performed as a priest, inspired in and by the discharge of holy functions. He not only feels his responsibility, but the sacred dignity of the position. He shows that he considers the altar . and the pulpit a more sacred place than the usual haunts of men, and he leads in the worship of fallen mortals offered to a forbearing God. It is not an easy task to describe this condition of mind or of 320 REV. FEANOIS E. LAWRENCE, D. D. scene. It is a matter which appeals more especially to the personal emotions, Hence, when you go to the Church of the Holy Com- munion you are likely to feel the wonderful impressiveness of this clergyman, who officiates with such a perfect understanding of the proprieties and dignity of religious services. With his parishioners Dr. Lawrence is a most popular man. He is regarded as theii friend and .spiritual guide, with that trustfulness which is founded in mutual love. He has a vast experience in the qualities of the human heart, and he seldom fails in adopting the best mode to secure the respect and confidence of those with whom he comes in contact. With children he is equally successful ; indeed, with these, his amiable, cheerful traits win from them the most ardent response to his own friendship and lova , It is pleasant to turn to one who is so i pre-eminently the humble- minded Christian in all his walks. Fame may not elevate him so speedily — and perhaps not at all — to one of her niches ; but he will always have the respect of the right-thinking and the inestimable re- ward of his own conscience. 321 RIGHT REY. A. N. LITTLEJOHN, D.D., BISHOI* OF THE DIOCESE OF luOTSCi IST^AJ (DUTCH) CHXJBCH, NJB^W^ YOBIC. lEY. DE. JAMES M. LUDLOW was born at Elizabeth, New Jersey, March 15th, 1841. His early studies were in different schools of Elizabeth. He was graduated at Princeton College, in 1861, and at the Theological Semin- in 1864. He was licensed as a Presbyterian minister, April 21st, 1863, by the Old Schoo? Presbytery, of Passaic, New Jersey. From May until October, 1864, he ofl&ciated as assistant to the Eev. Dr. Magee, pastor of the Second Presbyterian church of Elizabeth. In the autumn of this year he accepted a call to the First Presbyterian church of Albany, where he was ordained and installed July 19th, 1&65. He remained in this work about four years, when he felt it his duty to accept a call to the junior pastorship of the Col- legiate Eeformed (Dutch) Church, New York, which had been left vacant by the resignation of the talented and distinguished Eev. Dr. Joseph T. Duryea. He accepted the position in New York in No- vember, 1868, and on the last Sunday in December, 1868, he was in- stalled as one of the ministers of the Collegiate Church, holding special relations as pastor to the congregation worshiping in Fifth avenue, corner of Forty -eighth street. He received the degree, of D. D. from Williams College in 1872. The Collegiate Church in New York began its services in 1626, in the loft of a horse-mill. Subsequently, various wooden and stone edifices were erected in the lower part of the city, of which there are remaining at this time the building now used as the post-office, which was erected in 1729, and the " Old North, " on the corner of William and Fulton streets, which was erected in 1769. Another church is on the corner of Lafayette Place and Fourth street, and some years since a fine marble structure was erected on the corner of Fifth avenue and Twenty-ninth street Before there wa,s much improvement in upper Filth avenue, the Collegiate Church 328 E E V. JAMES M . LUDLOW, D. D. became the owner of the entire front of the westerly block bounded by Forty-eighth and Forty-ninth streets, and two lots on Forty-eighth street. A few years since a mission chapel was erected on Forty- eighth street, which was soon attended by a large congregation. Half of the property on Fifth avenue was sold at a greatly increased price, so that the portion retained cost nothing. In May, 1869, the corner- stone for a magnificent brown-stone church was laid on this site, with imposing ceremonies, conducted by the Eev. Dr. De Witt. This building was dedicated in 1873, and is one of the most imposing church edifices in the city. It cost about four hundred thousand dollai's. The principal spire is upward of 250 feet high, and another is 100 feet. There are about fifteen hundred children in the different Sunday schools maintained by the Collegiate Church. Beside these it sup- ports a large day school and. various Industrial schools. The day school has been in existence since the year 1633, a period of two hundred and thirty-six years, when a schoolmaster came out from < Holland to take charge of it. In 1786, the number of pupils was limited to twelve, but their number was gradually increased, until, in 1850, it had become one hundred and fifty. A restriction requir- ing the pupils to be those attending the Dutch Church has been re- moved, and it is now free to all. For more than a hundred years the school was kept at various places in the vicinity of Bowling Green. It is now held in a building in Twenty-ninth street, between Sixth and Seventh avenues. Dr. Ludlow is of about the medium height and erect. While he does not look robust he has a great deal of vitality and energy, and both in study and labor can accomplish the utmost task. His feat- ures are regular'and delicate. The upper portion of his head is full, with a noticeable intellectual developement, and all the characteristics of his face show natural refinement and amiability. Indeed his face is very winning. It is pale and youthful, but it has a particular brightness and goodness about it which impress you. You see the keenest intellectual perception, firmness to principle, and sublime moral courage. The soft sympathetic eyes and the meek expression tell much of his character, but not the whole of it, for the same eyes kindle into resolution, and the same expression grows into one of self-reliance and force, when principles are to be defended, and a moral example maintained. If gentleness and modesty are to be found so vivid in his countenance, it is truth, and courage for it,, which are strong in his soul, and these are undoubtedly the forces- 329 REV. JAMES M . LUDLOW, D. D. which govern his life. His manners are quiet, affable, and polished. He meets jou with a winning smile, a warm pressure of the hand, and pleasant words. With a stranger or an intimate friend it is -all the same. There is no restraint, no formality, and no assumption. He converses fluently and well, and with such cheerfulness and ani- mation, and with an observation so extended and accurate, that he is always entertaining. As a preacher. Dr. Ludlow fully meets the standard required in the Eeformed denomination. They require ability in scholarship and soundness in doctrine, with eloquence and power in the pulpit, without personal ostentation and sensationalism. For a man of his years, he is an excellent scholar, and time and experience will make him one of the most learned and comprehensive theological minds of the church. He is animated by a high ambition and by the incentive of the distinguished position to which he has already attained. There can be no doubt either of his unwearying energy in the field of scholarship, or in the actual toil of daily ministerial duty. His sermons are excellent productions. In the first place, they are well-written, and, in the next, they show a reflection and logic which are very striking. There are composure and dignity in his delivery, but still warmth of feeling is always apparent in both words and actions. His voice is not powerful, but it is clear, and altogether under his command. Fidelity to his work, and success in it, have been characteristic of his ministry in all places. In the wide and important field in which he is now engaged, he will undoubtedly prove an instrumentality of great usefulness to his denomination and the community at large. 330 REV. JOHN. P. LUNDY, D.D., BECTOXl OF THE CHUKCH OF THE H03L.Y A-POSTX^ES (EPlSCOI>^D, NTE^W YOKIt. )EV. DR. JOHN P. LUNDY was bom at Danville, Mon- tour county, Pennsylvania, February 3d, 1823. He was graduated at Princeton College in 1846, and then took a course of two years at the Theological Seminary of that lace. In 1849 he was ordained and installed as pastor of the ^ Presbyterian church at Sing Sing, New York, where he re- mained until 1854. Having now determined to take holy orders in the Episcopal Church, he was made a deacon in the same year by Bishop Upfold, of Indiana, at Sing Sing, and October 28th, 1855, he was admitted to the priesthood at Ail Saints Church, Philadel- phia, by Bishop Alonzo Potter. He was rector of All Saints Church for almost three years, and then went to Emanuel Church, Holmes- burg, where he labored until 1863. From 1863 to 1867 he was in Philadelphia, and passed a year each at St. Mark's and St. Stephen's Churches. After this he was rector one year of a church* at Read- ing, Pennsylvania, and was next called to the Church of the: Holy Apostles, New York, where he commenced to of&ciate in April, 1869. A Sunday School, established in an upper room in West Twenty- Seventh street, was the origin of the Church of the Holy Apostles. The Rev. Dr. Robert S. Howland was called as the first rector in 1847, when there were twenty communicants. A wealthy citizen, Robert Ray, Esq., made a donation of five lots on the corner of Ninth avenue and Twenty-eighth street, where a church edifice was erected. The consecration of the edifice took place in February, 1847, and subsequently it was twice enlarged tp meet the increasing wants of the congregation. A Mission House for schools and benev- olent purposes was erected on a lot purchased at a cost of twelve 331 EEV. JOHK P. LUNDY, D. D. thousand dollars. In 1867 the entire property of the church 'was estimated to be worth at least seventy-five thousand dollars, and the only debt had been removed some years before. Dr. Howland remained the rector until 1868, over twenty years, and gathered a large and powerful congregation. Under Dr. Lundy's ministrations the attendance continues numerous, and the whole work of the par- ish is carried on most energetically. During 1859 and 1860 Dr. Lundy visited Europe and the Bast, extending his travels to Grreece, Egypt, Constantinople, and the Holy Land. In. Eome he gave much attention to the study of the anti- quities in the Catacombs, and at other points engaged in the same investigations. The results are to be given in an elaborate work, with illustrations, which he has been preparing for some years under the title of " Ancient Christianity Illustrated by its MoTiuments." In the winter of 1872, and again in 1873, he delivered before his congregation an extensive series of lectures on the same subject He received his degree of D. D. from Andalusia College, Pennsylva- nia, some years since. Dr. Lundy is of the medium height, with a full person, though he is not stout. His head is large, with regular and intelligent fea- tures. He has extremely social manners, and a hearty frankness of speech, which are always very much appreciated by all who come in contact with him. "While a man of a great deal of strength of character, and of positive opinions, he is so genial and friendly that this does not so much appear on firet acquaintance. But those who become intimately acquainted with him, or have occasion to test his judgment and energy in action, find that he is clear in the one, and most active and resolute in the other. Hence he is a highly efficient pastor, fully understanding all his duties and obligations, and having the full capacity and activity "to meet all their requirements. He is a preacher of pleasing charactei'istics. He carefully avoids all dis- play in matter and manner, but at the same time uses such com- prehensive and eloquent language that he receives the undivided attention of his audience. Seeking to do his work in the ministry faithfully and successfully, its results have been of a nature to give prosperity to the church, and crown him with honor. 332 MY. ALBERT J. LYMAN, PASTOR OOP THE SOUTH COISTGllEGA-TIONA-Iu church:, BROOKLYN. EV. ALBERT J. LYMAN is the son of Josiah Lyman, a professor of mechanics and civil engineer, and was born at Williston, Vermont, December 24th, 1845. It is proper to state that Mr. L_yman was born during the temporary sojourn of his parents in Vermont, they hav- J^ ing come from Massachusetts, where he was soon taken, and passed all his earlier life. He was prepared for college at the Seminary at East Hampton, Massachusetts, and subsequently pur- sued his studies in Chicago, New York City, and at Yale College, New Haven. In 1868 he was graduated at the Union Theological Sem- inary, New York, and was licensed in the ministry by the South Berkshire Congregational Association. His first settlement was as pastor of the Congregational Church at Milford, Connecticut, in 1870, where he remained until November, 1873, having accepted a call to the South Congregational Church, Brooklyn, where he be- came pastor January 1st, 1874. In 1851 an edifice, for a lecture-room, Sunday School-room, and pastor's study, was erected on a portion of several lots at the corner of Court and President streets, Brooklyn, and, in February of the same year, was opened for public worship. On the 31st of March the South Congregational Church was organized, over which the Eev. William Marsh became settled. The Rev. Daniel March was called in 1854, and he was succeeded by the Rev. Rufus W. Clark in 1857. Mr. Clark was installed in a large new church edifice, which had been erected on the corner of Court and President streets, fronting on the former street. The structure is of. fine brick, with stone trimmings, and, occupying an elevated position, its grace- ful spire towers above every other. The church portion will seat 333 BEV. ALBEET J. LYMAN. nine hundred persons, and is fitted with admirable taste, and the arrangeriicnt of the leoture-room, Sunday School-room, and pastor's study is one of much convenience. At one period twenty-five thousand dollars were expended in alterations of the church build- ing. On the 4th of December, 1863, a call was extended to the Eev. Edward Taylor, then of Kalamazoo, Michigan, which he accepted, and labored with the congregation for several years. The Eev. Mr. Storrs was the next pastor, who resigned after some length of time, and this vacancy was filled by the acceptance of a call by Mr. Ly- man. In appearance Mr. Lyman is tall and erect, with a head of con- siderable size, and a pleasant, cheerful-looking face. His manners are cordial, and in some respects peculiar. He does not regard any professional conventionalities, but has an impulsiveness and fr'jedom of action which are original to himself In his conversation he is the same, showing an inclination for humor and a style of language, which rather border on the excentric than otherwise. Of his sin- cerity, of his sympathy with all that is noble and good, and of his desire to pass for simply a plain young minister, but one seeking to do a faithful part in life, — of all these there cannot be the slightest doubt in the mind of any person who comes in contact -with him. In the pulpit he is also original and peculiair. He arrests the un- divided attention of an audience, and is alike argumentative and pathetic. The whole work of the ministry in his hands is efBiciently discharged, and his influence is constantly extending. 334 REV. ROBERT STUART MacARTIIUR, fASTOIt OF CA.IuVA.ItY BAIPTIST CUTJKCH, NEl'W YORIC. EV. EOBEET STUAET MaoAETHUE was born at Dalesville, Quebec, Canada, July 31st, 1841. His parents emigrated from the Highlands of Scotland to Canada, and to this day speak the Gaelic language of their native sec- tion, as well as the English. While his father holds to Pi-esbyterian faith, his mother and all the other members of the family are Baptists. He was converted at the age of thirteen, and joined the Baptist church at Dalesville. Three years later he removed to St Andrews, Quebec, where he engaged in mercantile pursuits ; but at length felt called upon to preach. At eighteen he was in the habit of holding religious meetings in school- houses and private houses, where he addressed interested audiences. He then went to the Canadian Literary Institute at Woodstock, Ontario, Canada, where he passed nearly three years in preparation for college. He also disti'ibuted tracts, and held religiou.s meetings. He entered the University at Eochester, New York, when he was graduated in 1867, taking during his course two of the highest prizes in the gift of the University. One of these was a Sophomore prize for declamation, and the other a gold medal for the best written and delivered oration at graduation. He was licensed to preach Septem- ber 25th, 1868. In 1870 he was graduated at the Theological Seminary at Eo- chester. While at the Seminary he preached every Sunday evening for a year and a half at the Lake Avenue Baptist chapel, where a large number of persons were converted. The movement led to the estab- lishment of a church, which is now numerous and flourishing. Later he preached as a supply in the village of Canandaigua, N.Y.. and received calls to churches at Canandaigua, Titusville, Pa., and 335 REV. EGBERT STUART MaCARTHUE. St Louis, Mo. He finally accepted a call to the Calvary Baptis^ Church, in West Twenty-third street, New York, where he was in- stalled June 16th, 1870. This church was formerly known as the Broadway Baptist Church, and then, as Calvary church, grew to in^iportance under the ministry of the Rev. Dr. A. D. Gillette, who was its pastor for a number of years. During the ministry of Mr. MacArthur the congregation has been much strengthened. Many conversions have taken place, and more than two hundred members have been added to the church. Mr. MacArthur is of the medium height, compactly made, erect, and active. His head is large and round, with intelligent and ex- pressive features. His appearance gives you the idea that in point of both the physical and mental powers, he is capable of all that he may undertake. He is composed and dignified in his manners ; at the same time that a natural geniality of spii-its always asserts itself, and makes companionship with him exceedingly agreeable. A man of deep reflection in all things, and of well-balanced judgment, he has in his speech and action everything to show self-reliance and ex- perience on his own part, and also that which obtains the greatest in- fluence with others. Hence, in his private relations and as a public speaker, he exerts an influence of the most positive nature over individuals and the multitude. All who come in contact with him are impressed with his deeply ]-eligious character, and his earnest efforts to do good. He went into the ministry from no motive of ambition, but be- cause he felt called to it. His preparation was patient, thorough, and devout. It was not only to acquire that scholarly knowledge which was necessary for the expounding of the Scriptures, but it was to gain more and more the inestimable truths of his own faith, and the purity of the renewed heart Girding himself to stretch out his aid to those struggling with sin, he was careful to see that he stood in no peril himself. His preaching has the force mingled with tenderness always noticeable in a person of these characteristics. He is bold and pro- nounced in his opinions; he is animated and inspired in announcing the message of grace, and he is wonderfully and beautifully touching when he deals with the suffering spirit of his fellows. He has a good voice, and his whole manner in the pulpit is very attractive. It can- not be doubted that his career will redound to his own honor and the increase of the fold of Christ 336 '■m. 0-^Lc^-^^{ JOHN McCLOSKEY, D. D., A-RCHEISIIOP OTP N'E'W YORK. HE name of the Most Rev. Archbishop John Mc- Closkey, D. D., is one revered and illustrious in the annals of the Roman Catholic Church of the United States. His -entire life has been marked by gentle qualities of character, sincere piety, and great devotion to duty. Rising to his present exalted ecclesiastical posi- tion by the force of his talents and the significance of his virtues, as shown in every grade and labor of the priestly office, he has awakened the admiration of every sect and class, not less by the consistency than the modesty of his career. Most Rev. Dr. John M-jCloskey, Archbishop of the Aroh- Dlocese of New York, was born in the City of Brooklyn, March 20th, 1810, and is, therefore, sixty-one years old. Being a youth of more than ordinary promise, his mother, who became a widow when he was only ten years old, gave him a liberal education, and he finally prepared for the priesthood. He concluded his collegiate course at the institution of Mount St. Mary's, Emmets- burg, Md., in 1827, and pursued his first course of theology at the same place. He received the degree of A. M. about 1830. He was ordained Priest by Bishop Dubois, in January, 1834, at St. Patrick's Cathedral, New York, where he celebrated his first Mass; and in the following November, left for Rome, where he passed two years in the schools of the Roman College. On his return to New York, he was placed in charge ot St. Joseph's Church, where he remained for seven years, with the exception of nine months. Dur- ing this interval, he was President of St. John's College, Fordham, N. Y., then just going into operation. He was consecrated Bishop of Axiere by Bishop Hughes, March 10th, 1844, and became Coad- jutor of the officiating prelate. 337 JOHN McCLOSEET, D. D. He had now reached, at thirty-four, a very prominent position in the Church. His superior, and all others associated with him in the religious work, were deeply impressed with his ability and zeal. In 1847, when the Diocese of Albany was established, he was transferred to that one. He found the diocese, which included all of the State of New York lying north of forty-two degrees north and east of the eastern line of Cayuga, Tompkins, and Tioga counties, very feeble, having only forty churches, some of them without clergymen. The Catholic population was scattered over a large territory, and was, for the most part, poor, and had to strug- gle against the prejudice of the surrounding people. Bishop McCloskey lost no time in pressing forward in the great task now before him. He made St. Mary's, one of the few Cath- olic churches of Albany, his Cathedral; but in July, 1848, laid the corner-stone for a new edifice. The large and fine structure, now known as the Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception, was com- pleted in the fall of 1853, at a cost, with the Episcopal residence, of one hundred and fifty thousand dollars. The year 1851 was marked by the opening of the Academy of St. Joseph, in Troy, ander the care of the Christian Brothers, and the establishment of a hospital by the Sisters of Charity, which has, in a single year, received seven hundred and eighty-nine patients. In 1852, a Fe- male Seminary was founded in Albany, by a colony of Sisters of the Sacred Heart; and in 1855 an Academy for boys was opened at Utica at a cost of more than seventeen thousand dollars. His term of service in the Diocese of Albany extended over a period of seventeen years, and during the whole time his labors were characterized by unceasing earnestness, and everywhere crowned with more than the usual success. He left in the Diocese one hun- dred and thirteen churches, eight chapels, fifty-four minor stations, eighty-five missionaries, three academies for boys, and one for girls, six orphan asylums, and fifteen parochial schools. Bishop McCloskey was held very dearly by the late Archbishop Hughes; and from certain acts immediately before his death, and the testamentary papers wtiich he left behind him, the inference was that he desired to be succeeded by his former Coadjutor. At all events, he was most favorably indicated for the position by the votes of Jiis Episcopal brethren, and became the selection of the Pope. Before his departure from Albany, he was entertained by his clergy, when an address was presented to him, with gifts, pro- 338 JOHN McCLOSKET, D. D. cured at an expense of four thousand dollars, consisting of his por- trait, and an Archepiscopal cross and ring. Says the address : " It is, Eight Reverend Father, in the recollection of nearly all of us, that when you took possession of this See there were but few churches, and fewer priests. How great the change ! Ever since you have been all to us — our Bishop, our father, our counselor, our best friend ! Your noble Cathedral, with its surrounding religions and literary institutions; the grand and beautiful churches erected under your patronage, and with your assistance; the religious com- munities introduced and fostered by your care, and all now flour- ishing with academies and schools; your clergy, numbering nearly one hundred, and, by their union and zeal, reflecting some of yoiir own spirit, — all tell of your Apostolic work here, and how difficult it is for us to say — ^farewell." The Governor of the State and a number of the leading citizens of Albany invited the Bishop to a public dinner-, which, however, his engagements would not allow him to accept. Says the letter of invitation : " Permit us to say that your residence of seventeen years with us has taught us to appreciate a character elevated by noble senti- ments, and inspired by Christian charity. It is for others to bear witness to the results of your Episcopal labors, the reflected light of which we see in the elevated condition of your people. It is for us to recognize the successful mission of one who has united in his person the character of a learned prelate and a Christian gentle- man, and whose influence in society has been exerted to soothe and tranquilize, to elevate and instruct." No higher or more beautiful tributes were ever paid to any individual in a like position. Touching and beautiful as were the sentiments conveyed, they were the expression of all classes of every faith in the diocese'. The installation of Bishop McCloskey as the Archbishop of the Archdiocese of New York, took place on Sunday, August 2l8t, 1864, at St. Patrick's Cathedral, his appointment bearing date of May, 1864, before a vast audience. There was one of the grandest Episcopal and sacerdotal processions ever seen in this country. Bishops of the Church were present from all parts of the State, and some from abroad. The Archbishop elect, escorted by two priests. walked under a canopy of . elaborately- wurked satin and gold, and borne by four persons. When the Archbishop came in front of 3S9 JOHN McCLOSKET, D. D. the .altar he knelt devoutly, and remained for some time in silent [)rayer. Being escorted to the throne in front of the ros'trum, the Bishops present ascended the steps one by one, and, on presenting themselves to the Archbishop, he tenderly embraced them, imprint- ing the kiss of peace on their left cheek. The priests followed in like manner, one at a time, and kneeling at the feet of their supe- rior, respectfully kissed the signet-ring on his right hand. He received the crozier, tiara, and other paraphernalia of the Archie- jjiscopal office in front of the altar. The grand Pontifical High Mass set down for the day was then performed, and the Archbishop made a most eloquent address. The Archdiocese of New York comprises the City and- County of New York, and the counties south of the forty-second degree of north latitude, except those on Long Island. The Eoman Catholic Province of New York embraces the Dioceses of New York, Albany, Boston, Brooklyn, Buffalo, Kochester, Burlington, Hartford, Spring- field, Newark, and Portland, and includes the States of New York, New Jersey, and all New England. Archbishop McCloskey has now been in the Archdiocese seven years. Great success had previously followed the efforts of his gifted and energetic predecessor, but quite as much has resulted from his own. There has been an increase of twelve churches, and nearly one hundred priests. The Catholic population of the Arch- diocese is between five and six hundred thousand, and of this num- ber between four and five hundred thousand are in the City of New York. The following are the statistics of 1871: Asylums 13 Home for Aged Men 1 Homes for Aged Women 2 Hospitals 3 Religious Communities for Men. . . 8 Religious Communities for Women 13 Ecclesiastical Students 58 In about five years six hundred thousand dollars have been expended on the new Cathedral building in course of erection on Fifth avenue. One hundred thousand dollars had been previously expended, and one hundred and fifty thousand dollars in cash, recently subscribed, is now in the hands of the Archbishop for the work. At least two millions will be expended on the whole edifice. It will have ten or twelve chapels besides the main church, which CliuTcbes 131 Cliapels 34 Priests 339 Theological Seminary 1 Colleges 3 Academies 13 Select Schools 16 JOHN MoCLOSKEY, D. D. Archbishop McCloskey has made four visits to Kome, the last when in attendance at the Ecumenical Council, when he was nine months in that city. His labors in the Archdiocese are necessarily very great; nnd it is but an act of simple justice to say that the results thereof are proportionately beneficent. Exercising a most commanding influence in his extended and increasing field of effort, as well on account of his high official position as for his prominent qualities of head and heart, he has already accomplished an incal- culable amount of good, and gives pi-omise of greater usefulness in the future. The Church in him finds a zealous and efficient leader, and American citizenship a most noble and honored exponent. He is one of that class of whom Addison says : " Those men only are truly great who place their ambition rather in acquiring to them- selves the conscience of worthy enterprises than in the prospect of glory which attends them. These exalted spirits would rather be secretly the authors of events which are serviceable to mankind, than, without being such, to have the public fame of it." He is above the medium height, sparely made, and erect. His head is of an intellectual cast, and his countenance, when increasing years are beginning to leave their unmistakable lines, is strongly expressive of amiability and benevolence. The features are finely moulded and uniform. About the mouth there is always an expres- sion of the truest kindness and gentleness, and the eyes are soft and sympathetic, while full of intellectuality. The brow is broad, over which the hair is parted, and carefully combed on either side. In any gathering of men he would be selected as a person distinguished for gifts of mind, and great goodness of heart. In his manners he is dignified, courteous, and kindly. A simple, easy dignity, natural to the man, as well as taught in the prominent stations which he has so long occupied, does not prevent a gentlemanly and friendly demeanor towards all who have intercourse with him. There is that calmness, thoughtfulness, and propriety which is becoming in one holding a sacred office, but the warmth of a genial, cheerful nature is as fully apparent in both words and actions. Kindred natures are instantly drawn to him, and all dispositions must in some measure respond to the infiuence of his fascinations. He is a ripe scholar, and a bold and devoted churchman. His eloquence is of the tender, deeply religious kind, uttered with fervent sincerity, and in language at once of simplicity and elegance. A man of energy, and of sleepless vigilance in the discharge of S41 JOHN McCLOSKBY, D. D. all duty, still he always seeks the most unostentatious manner of performing it. He provokes no conflicts, and he offends no opinions, hut, with humility and prayerfulness, toils on in the sphere of his own duties. Hence the many monuments which he has reared to the usefulness and glory of his Church, and hence the spotless and honored name which he has given to the ecclesiastical history of his times. 342 REV. JOSEPH Mcelroy, d. d, PA.STOK OF THE SCOTCH PREHIBYTEKIA-W CHiUKCH, TS^EW YOKIt. EV. DR JOSEPH McELEOY is of Irish descent, and was bora at Cariisle, Pennsylvania, December 29th, 1792. He -was graduated at Jefferson College, Pennsylvania, in 1812, and subsequently studied theology with the distinguished Eev. Dr. John M. Mason, of the Presbyterian Church. He was licensed as a Presbyterian minister in June, 1816, by the Presbytery of Monongahela, and in November of the same year became the pastor of the First Associate Eeformed Pres- byterian Church of Pittsburg, a new congregation organized under his own auspices. After holding worship in the Court House for nearly two years the congregation took possession of a fine structure which they had been enabled to erect. At the close of seven years service Dr. Mc Elroy removed to the city of New York, to become the suc- cessor of Eev. Dr. Mc Cloud, at the Scotch Presbyterian Church in Cedar street, formerly under the charge of Eev. Dr. John Mason and his son Eev. Dr. John M. Mason. This congregation was organized about a century ago, being composed of a body of seceders from the First Presbyterian Church. They were originally known as the First Associate Eeformed Church, and later by their present title of Scotch Presbyterian. A new church having been erected on the corner of Grand and Crosby streets it was occupied in 1837 ; and this was given up in 1853 for a still more costly structure in Fourteenth street The property extends from Fourteenth street to Fifteenth street, and with the church and a school-house in the last named street, cost over one hundred thousand dollara Dr. Mc Elroy informed us several years ago, that but six of the families connected with the congregation, at the time of his entering upon the duties as pastor, now remain, and not one of the original male membership. On tbe other hand, to show the manner in which the congregation has grown within itself he states that a single family, 343 EEV. JOSEPH MCELEOY, D. D. increasing from generation to generation, from occupying one pe^w have come to occupy ten. The present number of members is about seven hundred. The Sunday school has about two hundred children, and a day school has over one hundred children. The day school is maintained by a fund of fifty thousand dollars obtained from cer- tain real estate bequeathed for the purpose by Alexander Eobertson, a leading member of the congregation. Dr. McElroy received his degree of D. D. from Eutgers College about 1825. His publications are a few pamphlet sermons. Dr. McElroy is of a tall, rather spare person, with a slight stoop in his shoulders. He has a head more long than broad, with uni- form features, now showing the contraction and other marks of ad- vanced age. His eyes are penetrating and intellectual, having also a particularly mild and benevolent beam. He is social in his nature, inclined to cheerful conversation, and on all occasions shows those impulses which best proclaim not only the truest manhood but the highest religious conscientiousness. You readily discover that he is a man of the utmost reliability in all things, as well as one of broad and substantial talents. His frank, generous, high-toned senti- ments — nay, his very tone and glance— impress you instantly with his sterhng value of character. You contemplate him with that genuine and absorbing interest which exalted worth originates in the human bosom, and you listen to his words with little short of vener- ation. His manners are so simple and gentle that a child would be naturally drawn toward him, and his opinions are expressed with- out the slightest assumption of superior intelligence. There are those who claim a friendship for him going through an extended pe- riod of years. It is these, of course', who know him best, and it is these who say that his admirable traits of character, his delightful simplicity of manners, his pure-mindedness, and his lofty devotion to duty, are the things which have made friendship beautiful and pro- fitable, as well in its progress as in its beginning, as well in cloud as in sunshine. Humble-minded, noble-spirited, and devoted to Chris- tian works, neither circumstances nor time produces any impression upon him, save that of a higher and. rarer development of personal virtues. Dr. McElroy is a very effective preacher. Always possessed of a stiiking power of argument, and a ready and efficient means of reaching the emotions, he has gained greatly additional control over his hearers by the touching wealrnesses of age. Once he stood erect, BBV. JOSEPH MCELEOT, D. D. but now te is bowed ; once his voice rung out with the force of young genius and ambition, but now it is sinking and husky ; once he was all energy, but now strength and life itself are in their fast decline. But, as we say, he never was more powerful in his pulpit ministra- tions. The olden religious enthusiasm is still upon him : his mind is enriched with the garnered learning of nearly three-quarters of a century, and the exposition of his faith still moves him to a tender eloquence. And then the bent form, the feeble voice, the brilliant flickering of the dying flame of energies, mind, and life, each and all give him added and even more irresistible powers. He preaches ex- temporaneously, but after diligent study. He states that he has not written more than five sermons during his ministry in New York. Of late years an assistant has discharged the chief duties of the pastorate. 345 REV. EDWARD McGLYNN. D. D., 3VE-W" YOKIt. ) EV. DR. EDWAED McGLYNN was born in the city of 'New York, September 27th, 1837. He received his ear- lier education in the public schools and at the free college. In 1850, at the age of fourteen years, he went to Eome, and commenced his studies preparatory to tbe priesthood. At the end of seven years, he was graduated at the college of the Propaganda, with the highest honors. In 1860, he entered the priest- hood, and also received the degree of doctor of divinity. For a short time he was temporary vice-rector of the American College in Rome, when he was recalled to New York by Archbishop Hughes, and appointed assistant pastor of St. Joseph's Church, where he re- mained six months. Subsequently he was stationed for a brief period respectively at St. Bridget's and St James'. He went to St Ann's, as pastor, in December, 1861, remaining one year. In 1862, he was appointed by President Lincoln, chaplain of the military hos- pital in the Central Park, New York, where he served for three yeai*s. He was next appointed, in the latter part of 1865, assistant pastor to the distinguished Rev. Dr. Cummings at St. Stephen's. On the de- cease of that gentleman, in January, 1866. Dr. McGlynn was advanced to the vacant pastorship, which he still holds. \ St Stephen's is one of the largest and most important of the Roman Catholic congregations of New York, numbering some twenty-five thousand people. In 1850, the first services were held by Dr. Cum- mings, in a small building on the recent site of the, New Haven Rail- road depot, on Twenty seventh street and Fourth avenue. A large church edifice was erected on Twenty-eighth street, between Third and Lexington avenues, in 1854. This structure was enlarged, by being extended through the block to Twenty-ninth street, during 1865-6, at an expenditure of one hundred thousand dollars. Mag- nificent marble altars were erected, at a cost of fifty thousand dollars, and all the other improvements were on the same scale of liberality. Various paintings by Brumidi, cost twelve thousand dollars. For REV. EDWARD MCGLYNN, D. D. the year 1871, the receipts and expenditures of the ch-urch were over sixty -three thousand dollars. The amount received for pew rents was over fourteen thousand dollars. For seats at high mass, five thousand ; door collections at early masses over seven thousand ; and plate collections nearly twelve thousand. The collections for charita- ble purposes were over ten. thousand dollars ; and the choir and extra music cost over five thousand dollars. Donations to the amount of about three thousand dollars were made to the " Orphan's Home," originated by Dr. McGlynn and connected with the church, and of about two thousand to the " Industrial Home," also connected with the church, for girls out of employment. Six priests beside the pastor, are regularly stationed in this parish, who, aided by the Sis- ters of Charity, also visit Bellevue Hospital, which has some six thousand patients per annum. The Sunday school consists of about two thousand children ; and there are religious and teniperance socie- . ties of much numerical strength. The music is very fine, and the Sunday vesper. and holiday services are largely attended. by Protest- ants. A few years since. Dr. McGrlynn spent a short time in Europe. He is constantly invited to different parts of the country to lecture, as he ranks among the most popular and instructive speakers of the day. His style, at such times, is particularly pure, logical, and vig- orous ; in some passages rising to the dignity of fervid and sublime eloquence. A lecture on " Public Education," giving in very argu- mentative and impressive language, the Catholic view of the Bible question in the public schools, which was published in the New York Herald, December 17th, 1871, attracted much attention. Both his sermons and lectures are delivered extemporaneously. The following extract from the celebrated sermon preached by Dr. McGlynn, on the occasion of the reception of the Rev. J. D. Bradley, an Episcopalian Minister, into the Catholic Church, fully reveals the profound theological knowledge and large-hearted Christian charity of the preacher : — "I say to you in this assemblage who are not of our faith, that I do not wish to be so misunderstood, that because I yearn to have all men stand where I stand, I must necessarily believe that you and such as you, are altogether wrong ; that you possess no part of the true faith, and that you are inevitably excluded from heaven. This is not a tenet of Catholic Theology, although it has been thousands of times so misrepresented. I believe that if you sincerely follow the light as it is given to you, by the grace of God, you will not be condemned ; and I trust that your hearts will be still further warmed by the love of Jesus Christ. While, like Paul, I wish you were all as I am, 'save these chains,' my many imperfections, I would not be mia- 347 EEV. EDWARD MCGLYNN, D. D. understood as condemning you for what you are. If you are honsstly prepared fo follow the Saviour; if you can say from your hearts: 'Lead thou on, O Lord I and I will follow,' I am ready to to take you by the hand and wish you God-speed, and pray that grace may lead you where you must knock for admission to the Cath- olic Church. If you are not as I am, I thank God that you are what you are. If you are an Episcopalian of the more Catholic type, I thank God that you practice so much that is Catholic. If you are a member of the Low Church, I thank God that you have advanced even so far as you have. If you believe in Christ's divinity, I thank God that you possess so much Christian truth. If you only think of Christ as a friend, a patron, a leader, I thank God that you do so. I, a Catholic minister of the Gospel, teach from this altar that the most approved Catholic Theology is, that while we must all follow the truth, those who, through no fault of their own, are not fully informed, are naturally excused from the fulfillment of precepts, which they do not know, and will not be condemned for their ignorance. It is necessary lor all men to have the grace of Catholic communion ; but if any man in perfect honesty £j.ils to see the necessity, he is not to blame. " If any man should come to me, and ask to be admitted into the Catholic fold, I would say : ' No, unless your conscience approves of the step ; much less if your conscience forbids.' I, a Catholic Priest, declare that you must obey the behests of that inner tribunal of your own souls. Nor can I permit you to become a Catholic while a doubt still remains. I will tell you to go and pray, thiuk over it, seek in- struction, and only come back when your conscience fully approves of every Catho- lic dogma. This is the only faith I hold and profess, so help mo God ! " Such a declaration ought to silence with you the taunt about exclusive salvation. "Who will deny that it is necessary to obey the wiU of Christ, if he acknowledges the Saviour as his Lord and Master? The only excuse is ignorance of his precepts. ' ' If, on the last day, you can say : ' Lord, I did not know these precepts ; what I did know I fulfilled to the best of my ability; and if I transgressed, I have repented.' He will not condemn you, although, perhaps, he may chide you for not having come to Him and asked for knowledge through prayer. But if any man wilfully shuts his eyes to the light when God wishes to show him the light — if ho doubts and does not take every means in his power to remove the doubt — if he does not want to know God, is he not culpable even though he can truly say he is ignorant. It is not a suf&cient excuse for a man to say — ' I did not know ; ' he must be able to say, ' I did not advert that there was any obligation in me of making further enquiries after the truth, as I believed that I posessed it.' "I am only too happy to say with these reservations, that I thank God that you are as you are. I pray him to bless and sanctify your souls, to bring them all into communion with His own sweet heart, and to forgive all the faults of your ignor- ance and education, and that great fault of this century and especially of this country, prejudice against every thing Catholic, which is the woeful inheritance of past bad days. ■■ Dr. McGljnn has a tall, large figure. He stands and walks erect in the perfect embodiment of manlj grace and health. His head is also of large size, with a full, round face. The brow is bold and handsome ; the eyes are small and brilliant, while the whole expres- sion affords that blending of the moral and intellectual, which makes the human countenance most interesting. His manner i are courteous, bland, and self-possessed. He is never anything but the priest, at the same time that he is naturally the courtly gentleman. Devoutness, REV. EDWARD MCGLYNN, D. D. and graceful ease of both speech and manners, characterize him on all occasions. He is quick and ardent in his feelings, and bold and persevering in the execution of his plans. * In mental capacity and erudition, he is one of the strongest men of his church and the day. Vigor, depth, and originality are the peculiarities alike of his study and teachings. He goes in no narrow groove ; he follows no beaten track ; but he is one who rises to the highest action of personal genius and virtue. He has been brilliant in every position as the scholar, and grandly successful in every re- lation as a clergyman and public man. An enthusiast in religion, still to the fervor of the devotee he adds that wide, searching, and grasping intelligence, which lays hold of every living issue of prin- ciple among men for ends of his own. He does not hide away in scholarly seclusion, but he loves to stand in the blaze of the sunlight to uphold his faith and join in the battle of good against evil. He is an American, thoroughly indoctrinated with republican prirlciples, and liaving an abiding confidence in the glorious future of his coun- try. Consequently, he is the earnest ally of progress and enlighten- ment, holding that the Catholic Church will gain its greatest ascend- ency through these agencies. In many particulars his views are very liberal, and while his opinions, always sincerely and boldly expressed, have attracted no little remark within his own sect, nevertheless they have been too sensible and practical to be refuted. In his pulpit he speaks with the solemn authority of the priest, united with matchless powers as an orator. About him are architect- ural grandeur and chm-ch appointments in their greatest splendor, and before him is the vast multitude who hang almost breathless upon his lips. No priest and no orator can want more to inspire him. But this man rises to preach with a mind profound in study and daily observation, and a heart aglow with feeling. Moved by these impulses of his own, he utters language which shows the grasp of this mind, and the tenderness of these emotions. With sentences which are as terse as if written, though extemporaneous ; with a majesty of reasoning which quickly bends the hearer to its power, and with a music of voice which can thrill and then melt, he proclaims his mes- sage of religion. Tall in stature, he becomes even more command- ing, and the fluent tongue is aided by the beaming eyes and expres- sive gestures. When the great throng hear the last utterance of the sermon, they are touched and subdued as are probably few other con- gregations of the city. Faith has been made vivid to the commonest understanding, and eloquence has won a new garland. ' 349 REV. JOHN N. MCJILTON, D.D., I^ATE K.ECTOTI OF M:A.I>IS0]V STKEOET 3EP»1SC0- )EV DR JOHK K McJILTON was born in Baltimore, Marylan,d, and is over sixty years of age. His father was a Methodist preacher for over forty years, and the son, having been raised regularly in that faith, became an active member of the church at eighteen years of age At nineteen he was a Sunday School Superintendent, and for many years he was one of the most prominent and popular workers in the Sunday School cause in Baltimore. If a Sunday School was to be started in a difficult place, or a declining school to be revived, the appeal was always, " Send McJilton." For five years he wallied six miles eveiy Sunday morning to school and home in the evening, without missing once. At fourteen he was manager and speaker of a Juvenile Society ; at twenty-two vice-president of the Young Men's Missionary Society, president of the Young Men's Teacher's Aid Society, and delivered addresses before both societies, that were published. He was led by accidental circumstances to read the Episcopal Prayer Book, when he became greatly interesteii in the doctrines and forms of that church. After serious consultation with different Episcopal divines, he became convinced of the autho- rity and propriety of the orders of the church, and eventually began to study for the miuistry. He was ordained as deacon of the Pro- testant Episcopal Church in St. Peter's Church, Baltimore, and one year later to the priesthood in St. Paul's Church, Baltimore, by Bishop Whittingham. When ordained he was teacher of Male Pub- lic Grammar School No. 1, of Baltimore. He first officiated as as- sistant minister of Christ Church, Baltimore, under the Kev. John Johns, rector, and now Bishop of Virginia. His active energies were soon engaged in raising a subscription for building a church for a missionary congregation and Sunday School, in which he fully succeeded. The congregation and Sunday School were organized in 350 1P=55^^- ^ '"-a£;.perin.e 5^ — -""' REV. JOHN N. McJILTON, D. D. the upper story of a cooper's shop, and in eight months a church edi- fice was duly completed. The building was paid for when com- pleted, and consecrated by Bishop Whittingham, whose rule was and is to consecrate no church in debt During the period of study and while a candidate for orders, he had charge of St. James' Afri- can Church, of which he was the rector for seventeen years. He now entered upon the rectorship of St. Stephen's, also, in which he continued for a number of years. He had the old building of St. James, taken down, and a new gothic building erected, with a base- ment for a Sunday School, which was always crowded with pupils, both adults and children. For twenty -seven years he was chaplain of the Maryland State Hospital for the Insane. He was several years Superintendent of the Public Schools of Baltimore while rector of St. Stephen's and St. James' Churches, and resigned the rectorslilp of the former to give his time more fully to the schools. He held the position of Su- perintendent for nineteen years. During the whole of this time he was chaplain of the Maryland Hospital, and rector of one or other of the churches. He officiated each Sunday at St. Stephen's, once at St James', and once at the Hospital. He served two years as Diocese Missionary Agent of four central committees, ordered by the convention. He delivered the prayer at the laying of the corner-stone ot the Smithsonian Institute in Wash- ington, and of the National Washington Monument in the same citv, both of which prayers are published in the reports of the proceedings. He received the degree of M. D. from a college of Kentucky, and D. D. from the Masonic University of Kentucky. He was Secretary of the Maryland branch of the Christian Commis- sion during the war. He visited the battle-fields and wrote appeals to the public, reports, etc. Four of these reports cover nearly eight hundred pages. In the midst of his other work in Baltimore, his literary labors for the press were numerous. He was editor of a monthly publica- tion called the Baltimore Monument, and of the Baltimore Young Men's P(3bper, Baltimore Athenceum, Maryland 'Temperance Herald, weekly periodicals. At a later period he edited the Baltimore Pa- triot, a daily commercial paper. He published a volume of poems of three hundred and sixty pages before he was ordained to the min- istry, and has published numerous volumes of Sunday school and other sketches. He has published by request, after delivering, twen- 351 REV. JOHN m. MoJILTON, D. D. ty-one sermons. His addresses and poems delivered at college commencements are numerous, and thirty-two of them have been published by the institutions before which they were delivered. Twenty years ago his nom de guerre of " Giles McJuiqqin " was one of the best known of the day. His reports while Superintendent of the Public Schools are replete with practical suggestions on the sub- ject of education. He was a prominent member of the Baltimore Young Men's Society, Young Men's Debating Societj', Baltimore Lyceum, Mary- land Academy of the Kne Arts, and Society of the Baltimore Union Lyceum. He was conspicuous in founding the institution out of which grew the Maryland Institute, and delivered the first public address before the institution. Some years since he was induced to withdraw from his exten- sive field of labor in Baltimore, and take up his residence in the city of New York. This was done for the purpose of joining with the late John Hecker in the various religious, charitable, and educa- tional enterprises which had been inaugurated by that gentleman. Dr. McJilton became rector of the Madison Street Mission Chapel; and for several years labored with his usual efficiency. He then resigned, but continues to reside in jN"ew York. The Mission Street Chapel was formally opened for divine service on "Wednesday morning, June 17th, 1857. The services were of an imposing character. The Bishop of Mississippi, a number of other clergymen, and a large audience were present. The sermon was preached by the Eev. Dr. Morgan Dix. On this occasion the choral service was first introduced in this country. From that time to the present without intermission there has been a series of daily morning and evening prayer, with the litany on Wednesdays, held at this place. During the services of the opening, a communion service of solid gold, the gift of Mr. Hecker, was presented to the parish, and this is probably the only one of the kind to be found in the United States. Both this chapel and the one in Rutgers street are well at- tended at the daily and Sunday services. Many of those who at- tend are persons employed in the Hecker flour-mills and stores. The Eutgers Street Chapel is located in a portion of one of the buildings used as an immense bakery. Mr. Hecker was well known as a baker and miller on a large scale. The mills of his late firm in New York are the most complete in the world. He was a self-taught and self-educated man. In fact, he maj 352 REV. JOHN N. be regarded as one of the most extraordinary men of the age. He gave daily attention to an immense business, but was also con- stantly carrying forward- schemes of religious and moral duty. It was remarked by one who knew him intimately that in daily and exact attention to religious observances, he excelled any clergy - r-an in the land. His contributions for churches, schools, and dif- ferent charities amounted to nearly one hundred thousand dollars a year. . He was the author of a work on the " Scientific Basis of Education," which shows most profound and original thought Learning of the career of Dr. McJilton in Baltimore, Mr. Hecker in- vited him to join him in New York. Another plan of Mr. Hecker was the establishment of a Normal School, for the education of teach- ers upon a plan of classification according to the human faculties, of which he was the originator, and which he discusses in his book. Dr. McJilton is under the average height, well-proportioned, erect, and active. He has a large head, with regular features. His man- ners are entirely plain and unassuming. He is of cheerful, genial disposition ; and while his countenance is always pleasant and happy, his words and manners are warm and sincere. A man of vast ex- perience with all classes of persons, and of a critical and intelligent observation, his conversation is always interesting and instractive. As a preacher, he excels in practical, logical reasoning, and in tender and feeling appeals to the heart Our record oi him is complete, and tells its own suggestive story. No man in public life has toiled harder or more successfully. Thoughtless of himself, but brave, earnest, and unwearying in every field of effort and duty, he has accomplished the work of not one man, but many men. His talents are varied, and his energies are only equaled by his fidelity to every cause in which he has been engaged. 353 REY. JOHN NIEL McLEOD, D.D.,* P-A.8TOII OF THE ITIKST REFORBIEX* PKES- BYTa3IiIA.I»r CJrlTTRCH, WEW ~K^OItK:. |BV. JOHN mEL MoLEOD was born in the city of New York, October 11th, 1806. He is the son of the late dis- tinguished Eev. Dr. Alexander McLeod, for a long period pastor of the First Eeformed Church. He was graduated at Columbia College in 1826, and in theology at the The- ological Seminary of the Eeformed Presbyterian Church, Phil- adelphia, in 1828. Acce})ting a call to the Eeformed Presbyterian Church at Galway, Saratoga Co., N. Y., he was ordained and in- stalled December 28th, 1829, and remained as pastor for about two years. In April, 1832, he was called to supply the pulpit of the Fii'st Church, New York, as an assistant to his father, and in Janu- ary following was made colleague, and on the death of Dr. Alexander McLeod, in February, he became and has since remained the pas- tor. Dr. McLeod thus speaks of the close of his father's ministra- tion and life : "'It was a matter of agreement between him and me that he would undertake the morning service, in whole or in part, and that, should he become exhausted, I must be prepared to take up and continue the exercise whenever he should lay it down. Sometimes he would be able to go through almost the entire morn- ing duty. Again, he would be found competent only to the brief exposition of the Psalm ; and on other occasions he could proceed no further than the second prayer, and, breaking off abruptly, leave me the lecture which, in coming to the house of Grod, he had hoped to have exhibited himself. There were occasions, too, when on appear- ing in the sanctuary he would find himself unable to ascend the pulpit stairs, and the entire service would thus be devolved upon his assistant But when he did appear, whether it was for the few * KeT. Dr. McLeod departed this life, April 27th, 1874, in the sixty-eighth year of his age, and forty-sixth of his ministry. 351 BET. JOHN NIEL MCLEOD, D. D. moments or the hour, it was evident to all that it was the body, not the mind, that was enfeebled by disease ; and ther,3 were sometimes strokes of eloquence, and burstings forth of power, and utterances of a matured spirituality that told that the old fire was still burning within him, and that, if he was to preach no more, it was not because his mighty mind had failed him, but simply because his work was done. It was on one of these occasions that he preached his last sermon. His subject was ' Death.' It was the second of two, the first of which had been preached some time before. He had not fin- ished all he desired to say in the first, and resumed the subject when able to appear again." The First Eeformed Presbyterian Church in the city of New York was organized at the close of the year 1797, with twelye or fifteen members, being the fourth of the Presbyterian organizations in point of date. The first preaching was held in school-rooms, work- shops, and other humble places of the kind. As early as 1790 prayer meetings and preaching took place at the house of John Ag- new, No. 14 Peck slip. The records of the church furnish the fol- lowing statement under date of July 10th, 1799 : " The following subscription is intended for each Sabbath that we have a sermon : John Agnew, 1 dollar ; Andrew Grifford, 1-2 ; James Donaldson, 3 shillings ; Duncan Campbell, 1-4 ; James Nelson, 1-4 ; David. Claik, 1-4; Samuel Eadcliff, 1-4; John Thomson, 1-4; Mrs. Boggs, 1-4; Hugh Small, 1-4; James Smith, 1-4: William Tait, 1-4; Mrs. Fisher, 1-4; W. Acheson, 1-4; Betty, 6 pence; Ijetty, 6 pence." Eev. Dr. Alexander McLeod was installed as first pastor on the 6th of July, 1801, and had attained to the thirty-fourth year of Ms ministry at the time of his death. As previously stated the Eev. Dr. John N. McLeod became the colleague of his father, and suc- ceeded him. The completion of the twenty-fifth year of Dr. John N. McLeod 's ministry was marked by the presentation of a piece of plate and six hundred dollars on the part of the congregation. The plate bore this inscription: ''Presented to Eev. John Niel McLeod, D. D., with six hundred dollars, by the First Eeformed Presbyterian Con- gregation, as a testimonial of affection to their pastor, and commem- orative of the completion of the twenty-fifth year of his pastorate. New York, Jan. 14th, 1858." In 1801 a frame church edifice was erected on Chambers street, which was rebuilt of brick in 1818. A prolonged litigation took 355 REV. JOHN NIEL MCLEOD, D. D. place in regard to this property. The place of worship was changed to other places ; and finally the Union Presbyterian Church in Prince street was purchased for twenty thousand dollars. The edifice in Twelfth street now used by the congregation was first occupied in 1849. The whole property cost forty thousand dollars. There is no debt For more than twenty years the congregation paid one- third of the salary of Dr. Campbell, missionary in Northern India. At the termination of this arrangement the subscriptions were dou- bled, and in addition the salary of John Niel McLeod, a converted Mohammedan missionary in India, was pledged. A plot of thirty- two lots is owned in Greenwood Cemetery. In 1848 the First Ee- formed Presbyterian Church of Brooklyn was organized by mem- bers from Dr. McLeod's congregation; and in 1851 the Second Eeformed Presbyterian Church of New York was organized by a colony from the First Church. In twenty-five years the number of members in the Reformed Presbyterian communion increased from one hundred and twenty-seven to one thousand five hundred and forty-five. Dr. McLeod was elected Professor of Doctrinal Theology of the Theological Seminary of the Refoi-med Presbyterian Church, Phil- adelphia, in 1861, which position he resigned in 1853 ; was re-elected and declined in 1855, and again elected and accepted in 1858. He received the degree of D. D. from Dickinson College in 1846. He was one of the celebrated committee of fifteen of the American Tract Society, to which was referred the question as to the duty of the Society in regard to the issuing of publications on the subject of slavery. The committee reported that publications bearing upon this subject ought not to be issued. Dr. McLeod was also a mem- ber of the committee of nine appointed by the American Bible So- ciety to make a thorough revision of the Scriptures in reference to grammatical, typographical, and ^other errors. The burden of the work was accomplished by a sub-committee of three, of which Dr. McLeod was chairman. In August, 1855, he was a delegate in the Paris Conference to form an Evangelical Alliance for the world. He passed about six months in the field during the late war, as chap- lain of the Eighty-fourth regiment New York troops. He is editor . of The Banner of the Gross, published in Philadelphia. His other publications are a variety of sermons, addresses, &c. A sermon, advocating capital punishment, caused quite a sensation at the time of its delivery, in 1842. BEV. JOHN NIEL McLEOD, D. D. In 1873, after some forty years of service, an assistant was pro vided for Dr. McLeod. He is about of the average heiglit, of full, round person, erect and active for his years. His head is round, with small, regulai features, well-marked intellectual characteristics, and a thoughtful, composed expression. He is not without a considerable amount of dignity, but his whole beaiing is that of the utmost courtesy. He speaks with much deliberation, and readily imparts tke impression of his large mental acquirements, earnest piety, and genial disposi- tion. There is a degree of cheerfulness about him, and a very deci- ded animation at times, but his clerical character is always thor- oughly maintained. Dr. McLeod's style of speaking is of the old-fashioned stamp. The ^Reformed Presbyterians are an earnest and sincerely pious peo- ple, clinging to the strict letter of their faith in all things. Hence a popular minister among them must be a man learned in the Scrip- tures, and showing in his own life and character the truths which he reveals and the principles he inculcates. Dr. McLeod exhibits all this profundity in his discourses, and illustrates his faith in all his daily walks. As a writer he is clear, pointed, and argumenta- tive, and sometimes very emphatic, but never indulges in anything like ornate fancy or impassioned eloquence. He speaks in the same way. He has a tone of distinctness and authoritativeness, and a calm, sincere manner. In a word, he is a marked type of the class of religionists of whose doctrines he is so conspicuous an upholder. 357 REV. W. NEILSON McVICKAR, JXECTOK OT" THE HOUY TItllVTTY EPISCOPAt. CllUXlCH, (HA.Ti,LEM:,) NE'W YOIIIC. EV. W. NEILSON McVIGKAR is the son of Dr. J. A. McVickar, an old and esteemed physician of New York, and was born in that city October 19th, 1843. He was graduated at Columbia College in 1865, and in Theology at the General Episcopal Theological Seminary, New York, in 1868. Prior to his graduation at the seminary, he became an assistant of the Rev. Dr. Stephen H. Tyng, at St George's Church, in which position he remained until September, 1868. At this date he accepted a call to his present parish, which had been re- cently organized in the section of New York known as Harlem. The parish of the Holy Trinity Church was organized through the efforts of the Eev. Dr. Stephen H. Tyng, his son. Rev. Dr. Stephen H. Tyng, Jr., Rev. Dr. John Cotton Smith, and others, who desired to found in that portion of the city an Episcopal church to specially represent low church views. More than this, the ancient parish of St Andrews had become very large, and a second church was much needed to meet the wants of the increased and increasing population. Hence, in September, 1867, religious services were appointed to be held at the Methodist Church, on One Hundred and Twenty-fifth street, near Sixth avenue, which were conducted by Dr. Tyng. After being conducted in this building for a period, they were held at the Baptist Church, and later at National Hall. In the summer of 1868 an organization of a new parish, under the title of the Holy Trinity Church, was accomplished with the most flattering prospects. A call was given to Mr. Mc Vickar in July, which he accepted in the following September, having in the meantime severed his connection with St George's Church. The congregation increased with great rapidity, many persons of other denominations than the Episcopalian becoming indentified with it, and steps were soon taken for the erec- tion of a church edifice. A very fine site, embracing lots one hun- 358 REV. W. NEILSON MCVICKAB. dred feet by one hundred and ten feet, was secured on the corner of Fifth avenue and One* Hundred and Twenty-fifth street, where, on the 5th of May, 1869, the corner-stone of the new building was laid by Bisliop Potter, of the diocese, assisted by Dr. Tyng, in the pre- sence of a numerous assemblage. The ground cost twenty-five thou- sand dollars, and the building which has been erected cost about six- ty thousand dollars. It is of yellow and red brick, and is an impos- ing arxd beautiful structure, with a seating capacity of about nine hundred. The interior is handsomely decorated, and presents many pleasing architectural and artistic effects. There is a fine organ, which cost seven thousand two hundred dollara. The opening ser- vices were held one year from the date of the laying of the corner- stone. May 5th, 1870. In 1873 Mr. McVickar received a call to a church in Boston, at a salary of six thousand dollars a year, but he declined to go. A strong attachment exists between himself and hia present people, and the growth and future prospects of the parish were such as to induce both to wish the relations between them to be continued. His summer vacation of 1873 was passed in Europe. Mr. McVickar is a tall, large person, standing, we should think, over six feet high. He is erect, and a splendid specimen of manly development and grace. His head is also large, with regular features, and he has ligbt complexion and hair. You observe much of that intelligence and amiability in his face which not only prove the re- fined and genial man, but one of force and judgment as well. His bearing shows entire self-possession and no little dignity. His religious views are liberal. Because he is an Episcopalian, he is not running a tilt with all other denominations, but is on the best possible terms with each of them. He desires to be an evangel- izer of all men in the fullest sense, and he welcomes all to his com- munion. In his congregation are those originally Methodists and Baptists, who all meet on the liberal Episcopalian footing which is to be maintained in Holy Trinity Church. In this he accomplished true Christian union, and gives his church a vitality and strength which are of the highest advantage to the welfare of the community at large. Mr. Mc Vickar has excellent capabilities as a popular preacher. Although an Episcopalian, he has cultivated the habit of extempo; raneous speaking, and much of his sermon is delivered on the spur of the moment He is naturally a good speaker, having an abundant flow of language, and a warm, earnest delivery. A close thinker, 359 REV. W. NEILSON MCVICKAB. and fertile in his imagination, he does not find it difficult either to argue or declaim, and his sermons lose nothing in force and brilliancy by being extemporaneous, but rather gain in both power and elo- quence. He is an ardent Christian, and a thorough-going worker. There is no holding back, no lukewarm riess, but he throws his heart and mind into his work with their utmost zeal. Consequently when he rises to speak he is full of his theme, and strong for his labor. As far as he has written anything it is comprehensive and sincere ; and when he enlarges upon it, as the fresh and vigorous thoughts crowd upon him, he becomes effective in a high degree. His audience is sure to be carried with him, for he fascinates from the beginning. Clothed in his pulpit habiliments there are few clergymen who present a more impressive presence. His fine stature, and his erect, com- manding attitude, are striking. When to this is added his eloquence and popular style, it will be seen that he is well fitted to make his mark as a preacher. His career is before him. Thus far much has been preparation ; but now he has entered upon the real work of his life. The field is wide, and will yield an abundant harvest. Guided by judgment, devoted through faith, able in mind, and earnest in heart, pure and self-sacrificing in character and life, this young husbandman is one who will surely till it according to God's own command- 360 REY. STLYESTER MALONE, TPA-STOR OF SA.INTS PETER A.1SJ> FATJIL.'S CA.THO- I^IC CHURCH, BItOOK:LY3V, (E. I>.) , EV. SYLVESTEE MALONE was born in Meath, Ire- land, in 1821, and emigrated to the United States when seventeen years of aga He was gi-aduated at St. John's College, Fordham, and ordained to the Catholic priest- hood in 1844. Sent to the Eastern District of Brooklyn, then Icnown as Williamsburg, with a population of only ten thousand souls, he undertook the charge of the first Catholic congregation there. His energy and piety were very strikingly ex- hibited, and his flock increased greatly. In a short time he built the handsome and substantial edifice, known as Saints Peter and Paul's • Church. .He was the first priest to introduce the Gothic style of architecture into the building of Catholic churches, now so generally admired and followed. Twelve or more parishes have grown out of this single congregation in a period of twenty-nine years. Says a statement, regarding Father Malone : " As a pulpit orator, he is eloquent and fervid ; his sermons are all extempore, and of a pure elevated style. During the late civil war his patriot record will long be remembered by every lover of free institutions. * * « When the great Fair for the benefit of the Sanitary Commission took place, he was one of its most active supporters. When his Ward was trying to raise their quota for the army, he, unsolicited, gener- ously gave one-fourth of his salary for a year for that object It may truly be said of him that he is more American than the Americans themselves. As a minister, he is distinguished for an intense desire to instill and disseminate the principles of Christian charity, avoiding all sectarian controversy, and illustrating the truths of his religion by a life replete with good deeds to his fellow-men." In appearance. Father Malone shows both physical and intellectual powers. His head is large, with a broad face, which is highly ex- pressive of his talents, energy, and amiability. He is respected by all classes, and has accomplished a work in the ministry of great importance to his denomination, ^qi REY. G. HENRY MANDEYILLE, D. D., E*A.STOIt OF THE riRST heformied chxtbch, (HA.Br.EM:) TVE^W YOB It. IEV. dr. G. henry MANDEVILLE was born in the City of New York, December 12th, 1825. His parents removed to Morris County, New Jersey, when he was some two or three years old, and he was brought up in that section. He prepared for college at a school at Hack- ensack, under the care of the Rev. J. S. Mabon. He was graduated at Rutger's College, New Brunswick, in 1848, and at the Theological Seminary at the same place in 1851. In the same year, immediately upon the close of his studies, he accepted a call to the Reformed Church at Flushing, Long Island, where he was duly ordained and installed. He remained with the Flushing congregation for a little over eight years, doing a most acceptable work both as a minister and a citizen. While there he delivered a lecture on Flushing in a course for the benefit of the village poor, which was subsequently published in a small volume, with illustra- tions, under the title of " Flushing Past and Present," and is the best historical sketch of the place extant In 1859 he was called to the Reformed Church at Newburg, New York, where he remained for a period of more than ten years. On the 1st of November, 1869, he was installed as the pastor of the First Reformed Church of Harlem, and successor of the Rev. Dr. Jeremiah S. Lord, who had departed this life in the previous Spring. Dr. Mandeville received his degree of D. D. from Rutger's College in 18Y0. The venerable First Reformed Church has a very interesting history. With the exception of the Collegiate Reformed Church, the First Church of Harlem, or, more strictly speaking, located on the corner of Third avenue and 121st street. New York city, is the oldest church organization on Manhattan Island, having been founded more than one hundred and eighty years ago. It is difficult, if not quite impossible, according to the best authority on this subject, to ascertain with precision when a church organization was first effected ;ia the district known as Harlem. Dutch settlers were there very 362 .^ ''/^ /"^^ ^,6?^ BEV. G. HENRY MANDEVILLE, D. D. early, but whether they were in connection with the Collegiate Church, or whether they were formed into a distinct church, there are no records to show. It is stated in the old Dutch records of Harlem that on September 30th, 1686, the Eev. Henricus Solyns preached the first sermon in a new church then built, and adminis- tered the Lord's Supper. Hence there was then a church and a house of worship. The want of records prevents, also, any definite information concerning the names of the ministers who may have officiated for nearly one hundred years. The first minister of whom there is any definite account was the Eev. Martinus Schoonmaker, who held the pastoral office at Harlem previous to 1785, and who officiated there and at Gravesend, Long Island ; but he left in that year, and became pastor of the Dutch Church in Flatbush, where he died May 10th, 1824, at the advanced age of eighty-seven years. It is not known precisely how long he had preached at Harlem. Up to this time it is supposed that the services at Harlem had been con- ducted in the Dutch language, but it is doubtful whether preaching in that language was continued after this date. After the dismission of Mr. Schoonmaker, the church remained without a stated pastor for nearly six years. In September, 1791, a call was accepted by the Eev. John F. Jackson, who remained as pastor for more than thirteen years, re- signing in April, 1805. Immediately after this the church extended a call to the Eev. Philip Milledoler, which he declined ; bat the pas- torship was accepted by the Eev. Jeremiah Eomeyn, who settled in April, 1806. After about seven years some difficulties arose, and Mr. Eomeyn, at his own request, was dismissed from the church by the classis. The trouble continued for some time, and it was not until the Autumn of 1816 that another minister was finally called. The Eev. Cornelius Vernieule accepted the call in September of that year, and continued his labors with the congregation for twenty years. He resigned his charge in October, 1836 ; and, after a vacancy of something over a year, the Eev. Eichard Schoonmaker was or- dained in March, 1838, who remained nearly ten years pastor of the church. For about a year the church was without a pastor, when Dr. Lord accepted a call in 1848. He was the pastor for twenty-one years, until his death, in April, 1869. His ministry was marked by three revivals, during one of which, in 1852, one hundred and twenty persons united with the church. ■The original, church building stood on the plot formerly known as the "old burying-ground," bounded by First avenue, 124th and> BEV. G. HENRY MANDEVILLE, D. D. 12otli streets. Here, in a lane, stood the original edifice until about the year 1789, when it was removed, and a new chnrch erected in its place. The church was attended by many persons from West- chester County ; and it is related that some of the females made it a habit to wash their feet in Harlem river as they crossed it on their way to church. The congregation worshipped in a granary while ■ the new church was being built The spire was ornamented by a golden vane and ball, which is now on an outbuilding on the estate of the Hon. Judge Ingraham. This structure was removed in 1826, . and in 1827 the large frame building on the corner of Third avenue and 121st street, now occupied by the congregation, was finished. It ■ is one of the finest of the old-time edifices. A large porch, reached by twelve steps, fifteen feet deep, and extending the whole width of the front, has four semi-Corinthian columns, supporting an imposing • pediment, a cupola, and belfry. The whole of the upper portion of the building is the church proper. It contains one hundred and ■forty-eight psw.^, and has comfortable accommodations for one thousand people. The pulpit is at the west end, or rear, and imme- ■'diately behind it is a large recess, containing an organ and accom- modations for the choir. In the rear, and adjoining the church, is another building, containing the consistory rooms, Bible-class rooms, pastor's study, etc. The bell in use was cast in Holland in 1734 There are about three hundred members, and three hundred children in the Sunday school. Three colonies have been sent from the congregation to found other churches, and many have united with chui'ches in Yorkville, Manhattanville, and Carmansville. It is the owner of- much valuable real estate, and may be ranked as one of the wealthiest congregations of New York. Dr. Mandeville is of the medium height, with a round, solid,, and erect figure. His head is round, with a fine brow, and, altogether, a genial, happy expression. His manners are polite and cordial with all persona Without the slightest pretension in any way, he ex- hibits all the dignity which is necessary to his calling; and appears ■ to every one, as he is, a. most amiable, refined, arid pious man. He has firmness and nerve, but these do not so much appear until the time of action arrives. In ordinary intercourse it is his geniality and cheerfulness which are most observed. He is an active and busy man in his pastoral office. Feeling^ to the fullest extent its re- sponsibilities, he discharges them with a conscientiousness and fidelity that greatly endear him to his people. He goes among therti with words of gentleiness and piety,- and deeds of svmpathy and '364 . ^ BEV. G. HEITRY MANDEVILLE, D. D. love. But, after all, he is no flatterer, no lip-server, and no trifler with indiscretions and wrong-doing. He is stern and strict to every moral and religious principle and duty, though otherwise so gentle of heart. A 'man of a great deal '.of practical observation and thought, he is intelligent and efficient in every action of life. ' In the pulpit he displays similar characteristics with those which distinguish him in pefsdnal intercourse. Modeisty, sincerity, and all due gravity are to be observed in both speech and manners, and with it all a tenderness and conscientiousness that show the pure and loving heart He writes in good, plain English, and is far more in- clined to serious reflections than to fancy, though- the lattgc'- is not altogether disregarded. A ripe' scholar, he expounds the Seriptured with clearness and force, and his intelligent observations among nlen lead to the unfolding of views which are always sound and pfacticar. Hence his sermons, without any attempt at oratory in their delivery, produce a most favorable impression with both converted and non- converted hearers. They are luminous with great truths, stated in original language and new forms ; filled with the interest and fellOw^ feeling of a well -informed and good man in the every-day affaira of life, and infused with the comforting and inspiring spirit of one who seeks to be a friend and brother. The ministerial character has its highest significance when dis- played in the person of & man lilse Dr. Mandeville. He has given it neither the affectation nor the eccentricity of which, in these times, it so much partakes. But he walks before his fellow-meti with humility and devoutness which are in imitation of the Master, and according to His command to His apostles. At the same time he maintains the dignity and influence of his profession. His habits, character, and opinions leave no question that in all things he is a consistent servant of God. Consequently in him the ministry has not only one of its most efficient members, but the community a most influential and valuable citizen. He needs no apolo^'sts for his actions and opinions. At all times these stand forth' in the ineauty of purity and truth. All honor to such a minister and man. An example to his fellow-inen, he is made worthy by his talents and labors of high professional renown. Earnest in the line of dxtfy, through a suc- cession of important pastorships ; standing, under all circumstances, a bulwark of religion and virtue, he is justly to be regarded as one of the most valuable men of the churcli and community. 365' REV. WILLIAM S. MIEELS, D. D., JPAJSTOK or* TJH-E ©TA.]VT03V STREET ItA.I»TI8T CHtJIlCH, IVE"W YORIt. |EV. DE. WILLIAM S. MIKELS was born in Orange County, New York, May 18th, 1820. His academic, collegiate, and theological studies were all pursued in the difif'erent departments of Madison University, at Hamilton, New York. He was graduated at the College in 1843, and at the Seminary in 1845. He was first settled over the Baptist church at Eondout, Ulster County, New York, where he was ordained and installed during the year 1845, and remained in this position about four years and a half. His next charge was the Baptist church at Sing Sing, where he ofiiciated for more than six years. On the 1st of November, 1856, he was installed as the pastor of the Sixteenth Street Baptist Church, New York, where he la- bored for seventeen years. In May, 1873, greatly, to the regret of the congregation, he resigned the pastorship. For some time his health had been declining. In the spring of 1874 he accepted a call to the Stanton Street Baptist Church, New York. Dr. Mikels is slightly under the medium height, equally propor- tioned, and has a short neck and a good-sized head. His face is pretty well covered with whiskers. His features are small, and his countenance is highly expressive of amiability and kindness. He evidently desires to appear as a plain, unassuming man in all respects. His disposition is a cheerful one, and he is always found a genial and interesting associate. We wrote as follows of Dr. Mikels at the time of his labors in the Sixteenth Street Chutch : " He is eminently a man of the people, and goes about his religious work without any preferences as to the class among whom he shall seek converts. He comes to all, as humble- minded as the least of them, and he rears his altar in the midst of the dwellings of those in moderate circumstances, the poor, in the locality of stores, saloons, and tenement houses. Crowds go to hear him- BEV. WILLIAU; S. MIKELS, D D. He has what is best described as a live congregation. There are old and young — throngs of both sexes — and nearly all are, like their minister, earnest in the religious work. Whole classes in the Sunday school are converted, and the fires of revival burn on month after month. Why is it? In one word, because the pastor is particularly adapted for his work, because he makes the preaching of the gospel and the awakening of the sinner his sole duty, leaving utterly out of the question all thoughts of personal ease, emolument, and ambi- tion. He takes hold of the gigantic evils of the day, of the rum- shops and Sabbath-breaking, the vices and temptations which every one of his hearers confront in his or her walks, which are to be seen about the very portals of the sanctuary, and he preaches of moral and Christian duty under such circumstances. " He speaks effectually because he speaks truthfully and earnestly. His sermons are very well composed, but if they were not the sub- ject matter and the manner of the man would be sufficient to claim attention. He is not prim and starched, but might be some intelligent mechanic or storekeeper in the pulpit. He is not deep and learned in his modes of expression, b'ut is plain, homely, and practical, just as are the hearers before him. Such a man and such a speaker has necessarily a large influence, and Dr. Mikels is no exception to the rule. He has the undivided attention of his audience. He is their equal, companion, friend, and pastor, and in all these relations they have learned to love him. They attend to his teachings, and he leads them — fathers, mothers, sons, daughters, brothers, and sisters, old and young — to the altar. "He is a revivalist, and in every way a go-ahead, untiring worker in the ministry. Bold and firm in his opinions, and yet always kindly in his manner of expressing them ; sincere and de- termined in his efforts for the redemption of the lost, he has obtained a wide reputation in his sect, and is individually admired and be- loved by those with whom he comes in contact" Dr. Mikels has much to be proud of in his city ministry. He raised his congregation to the highest point of prosperity which it has ever known, and its influence has been greatly felt in the neigh- borhood in which it is located. Certainly, his ministry has not been without abundant return for his fidelity to duty and unwearying energy. 367 REV. WILIIAM H. MILBURN, I^A-TE PASTOR OF TiI3E JOHN ST. IMCETHOOIST CHUKCH, 3VETV YOItlt. J BY. WILLIAM H. MILBUElSr was born in Philadelphia, September 26th, 1823. When five years of age he was struck in the eye with a piece of iron hoop, being at play with some boya throwing at a mark. His eye recovered, but a protuberance existed which affected the downward vision. Caustic was applied, which became so severe that the boy resisted, and in his struggle with the physician, both eyes were dashed with it As a remedy for this new misfortune, they were kept bathed with a solution of sugar of lead for two years, but the pupils became so much injured that very imperfect sight remained only in the left corner of the right eye. In May, 1838, his father removed to Jacksonville, Illinois. The almost blind but persevering youth now became a clerk in his fa- ther's store, and at the same time pursued studies which he had al- ready undertaken. He could manage to see by having a projected shade over the eye, and then placing the hand convexly shaped be- neath it, and leaning the body forward at an angle of forty -five de- grees. One letter was as much as he could distinguish at a time. Says another : " At his place by the door in summer, and at a window in winter, sitting in a constrained posture, he received the sunlight of knowledge, as it were, through a crevice in the roof instead of by the effnlgence poured in through surrounding windows, and besides the disability of sight, suffering from the incessant interruptions con- sequent upon strict attention to the store, and the constant ear- vigil- ance necessary to distinguish customers from idlers." He entered the freshman class of Illinois College, situated at Jacksonville, in 1839, still continuing his clerkship. In the spring of 1843, his last collegiate jear, his health declined, and study was interdicted. His ailments were a slight curvature of the spine and .some internal organic complaints. 368 >4^ &4^ REV. WILLIAM H. MILBTTRN. From an early period he had looked to the ministry as his future profession. As it now became necessary for him to ride on horse- back, the Methodist presiding elder of the district in which beliYed urged that he should accompany him in traveling his circuit and assist in preaching. The following is an interesting account of the man- ner in which this plan was carried out : " His father furnished him with a horse, saddle, and saddle-bags ; his mother fitted him with a grayish-blue jean suit (a homespun woolen fabric, the coarse quality of which goes under the name of linsey-woolsey), and, thus accoutred, with over-coat strapped on the saddle, he starts forth, in compa;ny with the presiding elder, as an itinerant preacher, to make the first acquaintance with his circuit. He had never rode before to any amount, but at the end of two and a half days an appointment one hundred miles distant was punctu- ally attained. .His theological course had also commenced, with the good elder as the professional corps, the Bible his text-book, the Saddle his meditation seat, and God's wide, beautiful earth the sem- inary. The appointment was a quarterly meeting, held in a double log-cabin — that is, a cabin with two rooms, on the floors of which the preachers slept at night The meeting began at one o'clock on Sunday afternoon, with a sermon by the elder. In the evening the local preacher officiated, at the close of which service the elder, with- out warning, spoke out in an imperious voices- ' Brother Mil burn, exhort ! ' and thus, standing behind a splint^bottomed chair, ' Brother Milburn ' made his first address to a religious assembly, and his pro- fession was entered at the age of nineteen." During this summer he traveled a region of one thousand miles, preaching constantly. In September, on his twentieth birthday, he was admitted as a " traveling preacher " to the Illinois Conference. Two years later he was directed by the Conference to proceed to the East and solicit funds for the establishment of Methodist schools and colleges in the West. Being on board a steamboat on the Ohio river, when Sunday came he was invited to preach. He had been excess- ively pained during the trip at the blasphemy, drunkenness, and gambling which prevailed among the passengers, and especially in the case of certain congressmen, then on their ~way to Washington. When he took his place to begin the services; he found that these persons had been provided with front seats, and' resolved to ad min.- ister a public rebuke, to them. Accordingly, in the course of his remarks, he said: "Aniong the passengers in this steamer are a 369 BKV. WILLIAM H. MILBUBN. number of members of Congress, and, from their position, tbey should be.examples of good morals and dignified conduct ; but, from what I have heard of them, they are not so. The union of these States, if dependent on such guardians, would be unsafe, and all the high hopes I have of the future of my country would be dashed to .the ground. These gentlemen, for days past, have made the air heavy with profane conversation, have been constant patrons of the bar and encouragers of intemperance — nay, more ; the night, which should have been devoted to rest, has been dedicated to the horrid vices of gaming, profanity, and drunkenness. And," continued the preacher, with great solemnity, " there is but one chance of salvation for the great sinners in high places, and that is, to humbly repent ol their sins, call on the Saviour for forgiveness, and reform their lives." Mr. Milburn shortly returned to his state-room, where a purse of money was brought to him in the name of the congressmen, with the request that he would accept it as a testimonial of their respect for his character and appreciation of his sermon. The congressmen were not disposed to let the matter end even here, for they proposed Mr. Milburn for chaplain of Congress, to which position he was elected. Id 1847 Mr. Milburn went to the South, and for six years labored in Montgomery, Mobile, and elsewhere. To show the extent of his exertion, it may be mentioned that during five years of this period he preached fifteen hundred times and traveled sixty thousand miles. He was re-elected chaplain of Congress, and held the office until March, 1855. He delivered a course of lectures before the Lowell Institute, Boston, entitled " Sketches of the Early History and Settle- ment of the Mississippi Valley." Other lectures bear the titles — " Songs in the Night, or the Triumph of Genius over Blindness ; " "An Hour's Talk About Women;" "The Southern Man;" ",The Eifle. Axe, and Saddle-bags , " " Symbols of Early Western Charac- ter and Civilization." These lectures were delivered in all the prin- cipal places in the Union. In 1859 he visited England, in company with Bishop Simpson and Rev. Dr. McClintock, and delivered lectures in the chief cities, to crowded audiences. During the same year he published " Ten Years of a Preacher's Life," and in the following year " Pioneers and the People of the Mississippi Valley." At one time Mr. Milburn was the pastor of the Pacific Street Methodist Church, Brooklyn ; his last appointment was at the John 370 BEV. "ViriLLIAM H. MILBURN. street Church, New York. He subsequently became an Episcopalian. He was ordained deacon in 1865, and priest in 1866 by Bishop Hop kins of Vermont. In 1871 he returned to the Methodist communion. Most of his time is spent in traveling in this country or Europe. His more recent lectures are " What a Blind Man Saw in Paris," and " What a Blind Man. Saw in California." Mr, Milburn has never entirely recovered from his spinal com- plaint, and is obliged to remain in a horizonta,) position during a portion of each day. His sight is now so nearly destroyed, that he is unable t(3 read at all, and just dimly distinguishes the outline of objects in a favorable light and position. He recognizes acquaint- ances by the voice, and judges of character by the intonation as others do from expression. He moves about in familiar places with- out difficulty, and often travels unattended, trusting to the kindness of strangers. His memory is very remarkable. While at college a student came to his room with a volume of " Chalmer's Astronom- ical Discourses," and read a half or two-thirds of one of them, in whicb young Milburn becamei^reatly interested, and requested to have it read again. After this was done he said — " Thank you I I have it now." " What do you mean — have what ? " asked the student. " Why, I have that sermon," was the reply o£ Milburn, who at once repeated the part he had heard verbatim. After his marriage, in 1846, his wife became his principal reader. At some periods she read to him ten hours a day for weeks together, four or five hours at a sitting, and sometimes fifteen hours out of the twenty-four. When in Brooklyn, the ladies of the congregation per- formed this service for him, very much to his pleasure and their own profit Says another : " His habit at present, when wishing to com- mit a new chapter preparatory to public worship, is to have it read to him on the previous "day, and he repeats it after the reader verse by verse, and then in sets of four verses, commencing each time at the beginning of the chapter. With one reading of the chapter there- after he is prepared to go through it before an audience without a. possibility of failure. Poetry he commits with greater facility than prose. He is perfectly familiar with the hymn-book, and can prob- ably repeat most of the New Testament, and considerable portions of the Old. His retention of names, dates, facts, and conversations, seems to be equally good, the only difference of power being between the committing of prose and poetry. S71 BEV. WILLIAM H. MILBURN. Mr. Milburii's success in overcoming the difficulties presented to him, as a student, and minister, by his blindness, is among the mar- vels. He stands a living and noble example of the fruits of that patience which is unwearying, and that desire for learning which cannot be defeated in its aim. The eager spirit which neither ac- knowledges control nor can bear delay must entirely fail in any conception of the task by which this sightless enthusiastic executed his heroic resolution. At noonday the tired student may look upon the face of nature, beaming with its manifold beauties ; or, as his midnight lamp grows dim, he may turn his gaze to the firmament stMdded with its starry worlds ; but, through these long and patient hours^through these weeks and months, lengthening into years — this student-preacher found that even the little ray with which he lit up the pages, letter by letter,- was fading into eternal gloom. ; Still he persevered, as within his niind there was rising a light of knowl' edge, which .burned as a sun to his feet, and was more delightful than could be the fragrance of all flowers to his nostrils. Great has been his courage and lofty his ambition in such a struggle with mis- fortune; but he has gained treasures to make beautiful his days on earth, and which enable him, with clearness of mental vision, to be a guide to those, like himself, hopeful of the celestial land beyond. Mr. Milbum is of a slight figure, and has a thoughtful and inter- esting faca His sightlessness throws a melancholy shadow over his features, but so amiable and intelligent is the expressiom, that the gaze willingly lingers in their contemplation. In the pulpit he has an eloquence beyond his words. To think that he" is blind, and still able to conduct an entire church sei*vice, is to fill the mind with thoughts approaching veneration. Presently his soft, sweet voice recites a hymn and then a chapter from the Bible. You miss the books, but there is a new fascination in the sacred words spoken from' the memory of the eloquent blind: man- His sermon is equally impressive. It has all the cbaracteristics of an extempore address, and is, in truth, delivered but slightly from memory. He is not boisterous and declamatory, like most of the Methodist ministers, but proceeds calmly, tenderly, and always elo- quently. His effort is to be entirely natural, and to touch theheart rather than amaze the mind. At times he shows great depth of feeliag with his subject, and becomes more ajiimated in his delivery. 372 KEY. D. HENRY MILLER, D. J)., I»^8TOI6 OF THE X'LYMIOUTI-I BA.PTIST CHURCH, |EV. DR D: henry MILLEE was bora in tbe isknd of Jersey,' one of the islands in the English Channel, belonging to Great Britain, October 31st, 1825. He is, however, of strictly American parentage ; his birth having occurred while his parents were traveling) and he was brought in infancy to the United States. Among the heroes of Bunker Hill was one of his ancestors. After attending a classical academy, he entered the Wilbraham (Mass.) Wesley an Theological Seminary, where he was graduated in 1842. He was ordained in the Baptist ministry at Stdnington, Conn., December 12th, 1847. He supplied the pulpit of the Stanton Street Baptist Church, New York, for some time, and in May, 1849, became settled as the pastor of the Baptist Church at Yonkers, New York, where he pi-eached, with marked suc- cess, for eight years. In April, 1857, he went to a church at Meriden, Conn., where he continued until August- 28th, 1862, when he became the chaplain of the Fifteenth Eegiment of Connecticut Volunteers, and with them joined the Army of the Potomac^ lEie was in th6 field for nearly two years. He accepted a call to the First Church of Trenton, N. J., in 1864, where he of&ciated for three years and nine months. In 1867 he organized the Broad Street Baptist Church of Elizabeth, N. J., where a magnificent church edifice was erected at a cost of one hundred thousand dollara. Here he introduced an order of public worship before unknown in the Baptist churches, which provoked, as such matters always do, a great deal of favorable and unfavorable criticism. He remained at Elizabeth until 1872, when he resigned his pastorship and accepted another at the Worthen Street Church, Lowell, Mass. His wife's health failing, he was obliged to leave that 373 REV. D. HENKT MILLER, D. D. place, and he then accepted a call to his present pastorship at the Plymouth Baptist Church, in Fifty -first street. New York. This con- gregation was formed about 1870, by a number of persons who left the congregation in Forty-second street, with the Eev. Dr. Isaac Wescott, who was the pastor until his retirement from the ministry by reason of age and infirmities. Dr. Miller was installed on Sunday, October 26th, 1873. In all his charges, Dr. Miller has been a very efficient and success- ful pastor. Up to 1874 he had received by baptism into the churcli eight hundred and seventy-two persons. During his pastorship at Trenton alone he received two hundred and ninety-nine persons. While at Yonkers he was the editor of a Baptist magazine. He re- ceived the degree of Master of Arts from the University at Hamilton, N. Y., in 1854, and the degree of D. D. from the University at Louis- burg, Pa., in 1867. Dr. Miller is a most persuasive and eloquent preachei*. His manner in the pulpit is that of a man entirely at his ease and at home with his hearers. Then he has a soft, pleasant voice, which is sincere and truthful in its every tone. Gentle as a woman in his nature, he shows that he possesses the power of scholarship and the zeal to save. His audiences are drawn toward him by an irresistible fascination, and, consequently, his sermons make a deep and abiding impression. In appearance he is tall and slender, with an intellectual head. His face is cheerful and amiable. With quiet and courteous manners, he unites a fluent and interesting flow of converaation. Happily adapted for his work, he pursues it greatly to the enlargement of his denomination, and to the advantage of society at large. 374 REV. DAYID MITCHELL, I»A©TOIl OF THE CA.NAJu STREET (IRISH) £>RES. BYTERIil^IT CHXIRCH, NEW YORK. EV. DAYID MITCHELL was born in the city of Glas- gow, Scotland, May 3d, 1838. He received his education at the Glasgow University, where he was graduated in the collegiate course in ] 854, and in the theological course in 1858. In the same year he became a licentiate of the Church of Scotland, and settled over St Luke's Presby- terian Church of Glasgow where he remained several years. He felt a great desire, however, to make the United States the field of his ministry, and about eight years since he put his plan of coming to this country into effect, and arrived safely in New York. His first position in this country was as assistant of the Eev. Dr. Rogers at the South Dutch Church, comer of Twenty-first street and Fifth avenue, where he officiated acceptably for about eight months. He also, during the same period, discharged pastoral duties at the Presbyterian church in Houston street He was called to the Canal street (Irish) Presbyterian Church in November, 1867, and was installed December 15th, 1867. This congregation is one of the old organizations of the city of New York. When the population was dense in the lower wards it was second to none in numbers and wealth. A fine church building stood on lots in the rear of Canal street, and the entrance was under the buildings on that street The late distinguished Eev. Dr. Mc- Cartee was the pastor for about thirty-five years. He was a very noted and popular preacher of his day, and drew such crowds that often the pulpit-stairs were invaded by the audience, in their desire to obtain seating accommodations. Dr. McCartee finally left the con- gregation and went to Newburgh. He died a very old man a few years since. He was present, in an extremely feeble condition, at the dedication of the present building of the congregation. The shurch property was at length sold by a portion of the trustees for 375 EEV. DAVID MITCHELL. about thirty-five thousand dollars, but another portion refused to concur in the sale — consequently the matter was in litigation for some fifteen years, sometimes with decisions favorable to the church, and at othei's adverse to it. Meanwhile the property rose in value to several hundred thousand dollars, and finally all the parties to the suit determined that the best course was to compromise, and get out of court. The building had been destroyed by fire during a celebra- tion of the Fourth of July, and a new but smaller edifice was erected fronting on Greene street This was dedicated in 1865, when the Eev. Dr. Judkin, formerly of Washington College, Virginia, was the temporary pastor. In the settlement which was made in the suit the church received this building and ground, and fifty thousand dollars in cash. Ten thousand dollars of this was used to pay a mortgage on the property, and the balance of forty thousand dollars is the pre- sent endowment of the church. Hence it is entirely free from debt, and is likewise conducted on the free principle in regard to pews. Until Mr. Mitchell was called there was no regularly settled pastor for a number of years. The number of members at this time is about one hundred, and there is a small Sunday school. Mr. Mitchell established and conducted daily prayer meetings for several months, which were well attended. The church is not well located for a congregation large in num- bers, or even of well-to-do people, but it is located where the Gospel ought to be preached, if anywhere. The congregation is composed of a respectable class of Irish, Scotch, and American Presbyterians, who cling to the organization by reason of its old and revered memories, and because it is a free church. Wealth and fashion have swept by, and in their room have come much poverty and vice. These latter are not social elements to be left to themselves, although wealth and fashion seem to think so. Squallor, licentiousness, and laziness have advanced to the very doors of this temple, and had its poor but earnest members shown no more concern for perisning souls than the richer part of the congregation, it would have been over- thrown long ago. But they have stood impregnable at their altar, and their faith and devotion have preserved it as almost the only biilwark left to morality and Christianity in that neighborhood. Mr. Mitchell feels the necessity and responsibility of his work where he is, and it will be continued with fidelity and zeaL Daring the time he has been in charge of the congregation there has been a new interest evinced in the church by the people of that section. 376 E'EV. DAVID MITCHELL. which has been much promoted by the daily prayer meetings. He is making use of all these influences to strengthen and build up the congregation, and give it something of the power which it formerly enjoyed, not only in the Presbyterian denomination but more especially as an efficient missionary agent in the lower portion of the city. Mr. Mitchell is of the medium height, compactly made, and looks healthy and vigorous. He has a large head, with small light eyes, and a ruddy complexion. In his manners there is some little reserve, but nothing to detract from genial, pleasant intercourse with him. He is sedate and sensible in the whole tendency of his mind and actions. In truth, his heart and head are thoroughly in his religious work. All his persona! characteristics are kind, agreeable, and sin- cere, but it is readily to be seen that his thoughts are turned chiefly to a painstaking and unceasing attention to matters relating to the eternal welfare of his fellow-men. Nothing can wean him away, even for an hour, from the one object of his life, and all his ambition. He is a pastor to his people — a messenger of Christ in the full scriptural sense. His duties are discharged under a recognition of responsibility, and not, as in so many cases, as mere routine acts of a professional life. Wherever he goes, he is certain to walk in the light of the steps of the Master, and whatever he says to the inquir- ing soul is said with the ardor of faith, but with humility of spirit He belongs not to the class of vain, selfish, worldly young men who go into the ministry rather to display talents than to save souls. He is humble ; he loves th6 poor ; he is not afi'aid of the rough places of the ministry and its hard work. His longing eyes are not placed on any reward which the approbation and partiality of man can give, but only on the imperishable crown which is the inheritance of the just Of course a man with these characteristics and principles is not one for display in the pulpit He enters it devoutly, and there is a, total abnegation of himself while he is in it With manners of great modesty and humility, with an ever apparent seriousness, he adi- dresses himself solely to the duties of the houi-, regardJess of all save the eternal welfare of his fellow-men. 377 REV. HENRY EGLINTON MONTGOMERY, D. D., IlECTOPt OF i:iTE CHURCH OF THE I]VCA.rilVA.. TIOIV, (EPISCOPAL,) NEVT YORIC. IEV. DE. henry EGLINTON MONTGOMEEY was bom in Philadelphia, December 9th, 1820. His father participated ia the war of 1812. and was appointed Post- master of Philadelphia by General Harrison. The subject our notice was graduated at the University of Philadelphia 23 in 1839, being assigned the honor of pronouncing the valedic- tory address. After studying law for some time in the office of Hon. Joseph E. Ingersoll, of Philadelphia, he traveled in Europe, having, at the same time, a position in connection with the American legation at Copenhagen. Returning to the United States, he entered the Gen- eral Theological Seminary of the Episcopal Giiurch in New York, in the summer of 1843, and was ordained June 28th, 1846. He was rec- tor of All Saints' Church, Philadelphia, for many years, and in 1855 removed to New York, having been called to the Church of the Incarnation, his present field of labor. In September, 1846, he married Margaret Augusta, daughter of Judge James Lynch, of New York, grand-daughter of Thomas Tillotson, M. D., a surgeon in the revolutionary war, and subsequently Secretary of State of New York, and grand niece of Chancellor Livingston. An interesting volume has recently been issued for private circula- tion, entitled " A Genealogical History of the Family of Montgomery, including the Montgomery Pedigree." It Is a very complete work of its kind, and the record is traced back in an unbroken chain to Eoger de Montgomerie, Earl of Montgomerie, who flourished in the North of France in the ninth century. A native of Neustria him- self, his ancestors were, probably, for many generations back, natives of that province', which, when conquered by the Northmen, was after- ward known as Normandy. The family came into England with William the Conqueror, and became distinguished in that country, and also in Scotland and Ireland. Dr. Montgomery belongs to the 378 EEV. HENRY EGLINTON M STT G M E R T, D. D. line of descent from Hugh, fifth Earl ofEglinton, and the last of thai title of the male line of the family. This Scottish Earl, foreseeing that he would die childless, and wishing to divert the title from his cousin. Sir Neil Montgomery, made a resignation of his earldom in 1611, and settled the Earldom of Eglinton and Lordship of Kilwin- ning on his cousin Sir Alexander Seton. The earl died in 1612, and it was only after the title had been kept in abeyance for two years that James VI consented to its assumption by Sir Alexander. The male representative of the family of Montgomery is John T. Mont- gomery, Esq., a lawyer of Philadelphia. , The first of the name who settled in America was Wm. Montgomerie. He crossed the ocean with his young family in 1701-2, and located on Doctor's Creek, in Mpnniouth county, Bast Jersey. He was a member of the Society of Friends. His estate known as Eglinton is still in the possession of his descendants. It was but a few miles from the scene of the battle of Monmouth, the British army encamping on Montgomery Hill the night before the engagement. General Eichard Montgomery, of revolutionary fame, was born in Ireland, and came to America in 1772. Many members of the American branch of the family of Montgomery have been, and. are, distinguished in the various profes- sions, and names are to be found quite as illustrious as those gracing the annals in other lands. Dr. Montgomery's congregation worship in a very fine new struc- ture on the corner of Madison avenue and Thirty-fifth street The Church of the Reconciliation is a flourishing mission maintained by them. Dr. Montgomery has published various addresses and sermons, and a collected volume of the latter for publication. In November, 1860, he delivered the address at the one hundred and eleventh celebration of the Society of the Alumni of the University of Pennsylvania. He is of the medium height, and altogether of a good figure.. His head is large, round, and decidedly intellectual. He has a very fair complexion. He dresses in the clerical style, and his deportment is dignified. In personal intercpurse he is polite, cordial, and communicative. Evidently an excellent judge of human nature, he is not long in detecting those wort.hy of his appreciation and confidence. He is a popular man, and his ac- quaintances are generally his friends. His attainments are extensive and thorough. He has what may be called a discreet ambition. He seeks distinction, and labors constantlv with the view of reaching the 379 EEV. HENEY EGLINTON MONTGOMERY, D. D. honors open to him ; but he desires nothing -which does not come as a tribute to merit, and which will not serve as an aid in his holy mis- sion to men. While he does not seek honors in order to make them mere decorations for personal vanity, he is earnest in the effort to secure them to mark the advancement of scholarship, and make more illustrious the annals of the church. Dr. Montgomery is an eloquent, impressive preacher. His sermons are carefully composed compositions, and he has a most self-possessed and graceful delivery. His subject is not only deeply reflected upon, but he is at the pains to express his thoughts in choice, elegant language, which frequently reaches the highest standard of polished diction. In truth, some of his more labored sermons show him as holding high revel, as it were, with eloquent expressions and glowing imagery. He has also a dramatic manner. Here his complete self- possession serves him very effectively, for in these bolder efforts of the orator, requiring full command of language and composure in delivery and gesticulation, he exhibits a perfect discipline as well of his feelings as actions. His voice is clear and strong. Dr. Montgomery is one of the most devoted and useful rectors la- boring in New York. Not only does he struggle with unwearying zeal in his own parish, but he is invariably ready to contribute his strength in fields less promising. He is a soldier of the Lord, always bold, vigilant, and defiant. He is a reaper in the Christian harvest, always cheerful, untiring, and confident 380 REV. DAYID MOORE, JR., D. D., PA.STOK ODF" THE AV^SIIINGTOTV A."VE:NTJIi BA.I»- fBY. DR. DAVID MOORE, Jr., was born in the countj of "Westmoreland, in the north of England, March 28th, 1822. He came to the United States in 1834:, when twelve years of age, and has passed most of his life in Western New York. His early education was acquired at the different academies, and his theological course was privately pursued, under the direction of Rev. Mr. MoOall, of the Scotch Pres- byterian Church at Lewiston ; Rev. Dr. Bull, also of the Presbyte- rian Church, and Professor Goodall. His studies were very thorough, his associations with his instructors being of a particularly agreeable and endearing character. He was ordained in June, 1852, and settled over the Gaines and Murray Baptist Church in Orleans county, New York, where he remained during a period of twelve years. He had been converted in this church in 1843, became a member of the con- gregation, and preached for one year before being regularly called to the pastorship. In 1855 he went to Leroy, in Grenesee county, re- maining until I860, when he accepted a call to the Washington street Baptist Church, Buffalo. Having been invited to assume pastoral relations with the Washington avenue Baptist Church, Brook- lyn, he commenced his labors in March, 1864. The Washing- ton avenue congregation worship in a tasteful and spacious edifice, on the corner of Washington and Grates avenues. On the occasion of his seventh anniversary sermon Dr. Moore stated that during that period 610 members have been added to the church — 241 by bap- tism, 22 by experience, and 348 by letter — more than trebling the membership, raising it from 191 to 620. There have been raised for improvements and current expenses $100,000 ; for missions, church extension and higher education, $90,000. He has published various occasional sermons. 33^ REV. DAVID MOORE, JR., D. D. Dr. Moore is a tall, -well-proportioned, fine-looking man, with dark hair and evenly-trimmed whiskers round his face. His head is of good size, the features are regularly molded, and his expression is of the most amiable and winning character. The e_yes aresoft, while clear and quick, and in conversation an attractive smile lingers about the mouth. He is very approachable, cordial in his manners, and usually exhibits considerable animation with congenial persons. He exercises the happiest and most diffusive influence in social intercourse. His pleasant, beaming countenance commends him before he utters a word, and then his polished, gentle, fascinating manners advance him still farther to the heart ; and finally, his interesting conversation and kindly expressions carry him to the goal of your fixed appreciation and esteem. And this is true of him with all classes and both sexes. Dr. Moore is an effective preacher, and decidedly original in his mode of address, which is more conversational than declamatory. His delivery has the appearance of being extemporaneous, while actually his sermons are written out in full. His practice is to ^ivo his subject a thorough examination and study, rendering it entirely practicable to deliver the sermon without anything more than notes ; but, not satisfied with this, he imposes upon himself the additional labor of placing it in permanent form on paper. In consequence, when he comes into the pulpit he speaks with slight reference to his manuscript, talking in a free conversational way, and showing the greatest familiarity with the subject. His discourses are wholly argu- mentative and practical. He seeks to make plain the truth, to touch the susceptibilities of the unconverted, and nothing more. T'here is not a line for display, not a thought which is not directed to the one purpose of Christian teaching. His voice is not loud, though of suificient compass for distinct hearing in a large building. Dr. Moore is a learned expounder of the Scriptures. His theolo- gical course, while private, was probably more complete than that of the seminaiy. With a vigorous, comprehensive mind, he is still au unwearying student and a deep logical thiuker. Ever digging at the roots of each branching and bearing tree of principle, he is sure to so cultivate and fertilize its soil that it will hang more abundant in its fruits, and appear more wonderful in its beauty. 382 i^,Iiatin in Haniilton Academy during his junior year, and tutor jn Latin in Madison University, duringhis senior year. 412 REV. ABRAHAM 0, OSBORN, ]). D; TLe duties of tbese positions were all performed while inaintaimng the first rank' in his own studies. He was graduated in August, 1855j nt the age of twenty -four years, standing second to none in his' class.: In October, 1855, he took the position of teacher of mathematics in the High School at Columbia, Soutli Garolinaj where he remfdned one year. Anxious to prosecute further his studies for the ministry, he refused great inducenients to remain longer. In October, 1856, he entered Hamilton Theological Seminary, ^ and 4here demoted two- years to the study of theology. He was graduated in August, 1858,' with high honors, and at the; same time received from the University the degree of Master of Arts. ' He received the degi-ee- of D. D. from Shurtleff GoUegfe, at Alton, Illinois, in June, 1868. ■' It is mentioned of Dr. Osborn that while thus prosecuting ■ his owri studies,' and earning for himself the means to enable him to do so, he lent his aid, 'which was coJitiiiued' for several years, i to a younger brother, Thomas W. Osbortt, who "was seeking to dbt&,in' a liberar education. In 1868; this brother,^ having been a successful volunteer artillery bfl&cer during the war, was elected to -a seat in the United -States Senate from the State of Florida. In the sanae manrier, Dr. Osborn 'aided a youtigef sister, now Mrs. Dr. Samuel L. Merrill; of Carthage, New York, who was educated' at the Hamilton' Female Seminary. -' On the 19th of SepteDbberj 1858, Dr. Osborn became the pastot of the Jefferson Street Baptist Church, in Louisville, Ky.- He was ordained a minister of the Gospel, October 21stj- 1858. In a little over four years the church doubled its membership. His popularity \vas further demonstrated '^ by invitatioiis to preach -and lecture in different parts of the'country. - For tWo years he represented the Twelfth Ward of the City of Louisville in the Board of Education. In June, 1861, he went to Eiirdpej where he spent seven months in visiting the German universities and perfeGting himself iuthS German' language. ' • * Immediately after his return; on thfe 20th of December, 1861, 'h^e was married- to Sarah E. Matthews, ofr Louisville, a lady' of higto Culture, elegant address, and' k devoted Christian. She died Augusi} 20th, 1868, leaving an only son. ' In December, 1862, he accepted a call to Ihe'pastorshipsOf the Fourth Baptist Churcb in St Louis, Missoiiri, whither he at once removed. The church had a total membership of fifty-nine, but when he left it, six years afterward, for the purpose of a second visit 413 EEV. ABRAHAM C. OSBOBN, D. D. to Europe, there were four hundred and iifty communicants. While in St. Louis he interested himself much in efforts for the poor. He founded the Home Savings Bank, and was one of its Board of Di- rectors. In 1867 he declined the Presidency of the New Hampton Literary and Theological Institute at Fairfax, Vermont, to which he had been unanimously elected. In February, 1869, he resigned the charge of the Fourth Church, and proceeded on a rapid, but extended tour in Europe. In December, 1869, he accepted a call to the fabernacle Baptist Church of Brooklyn, K Y., where he remained until about the close of 1873. He next entered upon his present pastorship at the South Baptist Church in West Twenty-fifth street, New York City, where he is pursuing the same successful work which has characterized him in other places. He has always been a devoted and efiicient laborer in the Sabbath Schools, connected with his various churches. In St Louis, he raised a school of two hundred and fifty scholars to two thousand enrolled members, with one thousand one hundred in average atten- dance, his own Bible class numbering over one hundred. Dr. Osborn has an intellectual face, and most agreeable manners. In private and social life he is greatly admired. He is not only ready in the use of the learned languages — the Latin, Greek, and Hebrew — but speaks the German, and reads most of the languages of modem Europe. " In his sermons," says a well-informed writer, "and in all his public efforts. Dr. Osborn shows the thorough preparation of the scholar and remarkable familiarity with whatever subject he may treat, never permitting himself to attempt a subject with which he has not previously familiarized himself. His address is easy, and his style of delivery fluent. His most noticeable characteristic as & speaker is the unusual distinctness with which each word and syllable is \ittered — so distinctly, indeed, that to the attentive listener no syllable of an entire discourse is lost. He also appears unwilling to brook any difference of opinion fi"om his hearers. He speaks as if to command conviction and assent, and vet he is not offensively dog- matic. His entire self-reliance is always noticeable. His mode of thought is of the full and comprehensive order. He seizes his theme in its fullness, and comprehends the subject as a whole ; and devel- ops and delineates until the whole matter is laid before his hearers, like a finely engiraved map or a picture." 414 REV. SAMUEL OSGOOD, D. D., 1l.a.tde! pa.istoti of the church of the m:jessia.h, ive-vt york:. EV. DR SAMUEL OSGOOD was born in Charlestown, Mass., August 30th, 1812. He was graduated at Har- vard College in 1832, and at Cambridge Divinity School in 1835. Two years were occupied in traveling and preaching, when, in 1837, he was ordained pastor of the Unitarian church in Nashua, N. H. In 1841 he was called to Providence, E. L ; and in 1849 to the Church of the Messiah, New York, where he officiated, with great acceptability and success, for about twenty years. Difficulties in the congregation, arising from the building of a costly edifice in the upper portion of the city, finally led to the resignation of Dr. Osgood. He went to Europe, and soon after his return took orders in the Episcopal church. He received the degree of D. D. from Harvard, in 1857. His publica- tions are numerous. In 1839 and 1842 he published translations from Olshausen and De Wilt — " The History of Passion," and " Hu- man Life ;'' in 1851, " Studies in Christian Biography ;" in 1854, " The Hearthstone " and '' God with Men ;" in 1855, " Milestones in our Life Journey ;" and in 1860, " Student Life." During 1836 and '37 he was editor of the Western Messenger, published in Louisville, and from 1850 to '64 of the Christian Enquirer, issued in New York. He has also written largely in the reviews and monthly magazines, and printed many sermons, orations, and speeches. His discourse at the Meadville Theological School, on " The Coming Church and its Clergy," in 1850, and his oration before the alumni of Harvard, at President Felton's inauguration, in 1860, are the most noted. He is the Corresponding Secretary of the New York Historical Society, and is greatly interested in all educational and literary interests. Dr. Osgood is about the average height, and well-proportioned ; his complexion is inclined to be sallow, and the whiskers, which he wears around his whole face, are tinged with gray. His head is in- tellectual, and his countenance betokens kindness and amiability. ah REV. SAMUEL OSGOOD, D. T>. He IS noted for his gentlemanly bearing, mildness of manners, and conscientious life. Study is his greatest delight, and his classical and literary attainments are of a high order. His writings are care- fully composed, fertile of imagination, and sometimes florid in lan- guage. He is a fluent speaker, and argumentative ; but there is no dryness — on the contrary, a glowing eloquence. He is of a poetic nature, has a strong sense of the beautiful, and is passionately fond of music, particularly that of a sacred character; and these and kindred elements are governing influences in molding his thoughts and directing his habits. His sermons are characterized by exceed- ing clearness of meaning, interesting historical details, if the isubject admits of it, and an ardent fancy. Doctrine, metaphysical, theories, moral questions, and to some extent political topics, all receive his attention, and are discussed in a manner which shows diligent re- search, depth of thought, and sincere conviction. He argues calmly but forcibly, and evidently relies .rather upon the potency of his logic than any charm of his eloquence. Although an orator, and the possessor of a voice which is as soft and sweetly winning as that of a woman, still he prefers to encounter the intelligence of the hearer, where other men appeal to the feelings. He wants his great truths comprehended and accepted,and counts it but poor success to gain the melting eye alone. Thus he piles fact upon fact, fortifies, witb the treasures of his research, and bombards with logic which comes forth gilded by the touch of imagination. You think he is leading you with a thread of silk, but before he closes you find it is an iron chain. Dr. Osgood is a very practical theologian. He considers that religion must be adapted to the naturepf man, as well as that nature subjected to its government. Instead of obliging the weary pilgrim to stumble among stones and grow faint in deserts, he would tempt his advance by the murmurings of music and the sight of flowering fields. A genial, common-sense, practical church life is, in the' opinion of Dr. Osgood, the best means of making converts. His style of oratory is subdued, but he is forcible and sincere throughout He fixes the attention in the beginning, and moves along in a man- ner so scholarly, graphic, poetic, and eloquent, that no word. is al- lowed to be lost. His voice is always musical, and in some passages strikingly mellow and tender. When he closes, you feel as at those times when interrupted in some pleasant reading, or when the strains of music die away which have lulled you into waking dreams. 416 KEY. JOHK A. PADDOCK, BROOKXiYJV. EV. JOHN A. PADDOOK was born at Norwich, Con- necticut, January 19th, 1825.: He was graduated at Trinity College, Hartford, in 1845, -and at,the,Espiscopal General Theological Seminary,: , New, York, in 1849. Taking orders the same year, he was called to Christ Church, Stratford, Conn., where he remained over, five years. In 1855 he became rector of St Peter's Church, Brooklyn, then located on the corner of Atlantic and Bond streets. During the following year the congregation commenced the erection of a new church edifice in State street, near Bond, which was opaied for divine service Januar)- 6th, 1857. : Thjs structure was planned by the late Prank Mills, and is one of the most tasteful among the many fine edifices of the kind in the City of Churches. It consists of nave and chancel, with north and south aisles and vestibule. The nave is eighty -five feet by fifty-eight, and there is seating room for eight hundred persons. : The roof rests on iron arcbes, the pillars are pine, the pajaels of the ceiling are -plastered, and the seats and furniture are of chestnut The south front has tw;o turrets, one on either side of the nave gabla Between the turrets is a vestibule and stairway, projecting some few feet in front in the main wall. The doorway projects in front of the vestibule screen, and with its rich gabled pediment, forms: a striking feature of the work. A beautiful blue granite and the Caen stone are used in the exterior walls. The cost of the ground and edifice was forty thousand .dollars. In.. 1871. the. prosperity of the congregation led. to a second fine improvement This was the erection of a Sundav School building on lots adjoining the church, at an outlay of about Ibrty-five thousand dollars. The structure is in keeping with the architecture of the 417 REV. JOHN A. PADDOCK. church, and the interior is greatly admired for its beauty, convenience, and adaptation for the purpose for which it was designed. The congregation is composed of about two hundred families and five hundred communicants. More than five hundred children are under instruction in the Sunday School. A Mission Sunday School is maintained in Wyckoff street Mr. Paddock is slightly under the medium height, and equally propoi-tioned. He has a round head of the average size, with an in- telligent face of most amiable and modest expression. As he walks along the street he has a habit of looking downward, and at all times exhibits a retiring air. He dresses in a clerical garb, and his whole manner is that of humility and propriety. He is a man of extensive learning, of rare judgment in the pastoral work, and greatly valued throughout the church for both his ability and success. His sermons are fine specimens of clear, common sense diction, and are delivered ■with marked sincerity of personal feeling. Mr. Paddock is well known in his parish. He is very attentive to all his duties, and makes himself personally familiar with his own people. His life is so meritorious, and his manners so agreeable, that he is greatly beloved. The poor and afflicted find in him a constant visitor and sympathizing friend. He loves the lowly walks and the' places where he can dispense the comforts of his religion. He is not a man who thinks of dignity or discomfort, but ever goes forth in all humbleness, and in total disregard of every thing save duty. From these labors, which are best known and appreciated by his own con- gregation, he has drawn about him the considerable body of wor- shipers at St Peter'& They work together harmoniously and suc- cessfvilly, and the parish, after being in a feeble condition for many years, is now one of the most flourishing in Brooklyn. The district has a growing population of well-to-do and intelligent people. There can be nothing but commendation of Mr. Paddock in re- garding him as a diligent, conscientious worker in the cause of his faith. His meekness of disposition adds to the beauty of a censure- less life, and at the same time makes even more conspicuous his Christian uprightness. No man is more highly valued for talent and experience by his brethren of the ministry in all denominations. Faithful in his work, he is not without earthly fame, nor can he be without the heavenly reward. ^^g RIGHT MY. BENJAMIN H. PADDOCK, D. D., OF GPtA.C]i: JE:FXSCOPA.Ji. CHUKCH, BKOOItX^YlV. ' IGHT EBY. DE. BENJAMIN H. PADDOCK, D. D., was born at Norwich, Connecticut, February 29th, J.828. He is a younger brother of the Rev. John A. Paddock, rector of St. Peter's Episcopal church, Brooklyn. He was graduated at Trinity College, Hartford, Connecticut, in August, 1848. After serving for one year as an assistant teacher at the Connecticut Episcopal Academy, Cheshire, he entered the general Theological Seminary, New York, in September, 1849, and was grad- uated in June, 1852. He was ordained deacon on St. Peter's day, June 29th, 1852, at Christ church, Stratford, Connecticut, by Bishop Brownell, and priest in September, 1853, in Trinity church, Norwich, ■by Bishop "Williams. Most of his deaconate was spent as assistant to the Eev. Dr. Lot Jones, at Epiphany church. New York city. In April, 1853, he accepted charge ot St. Luke's church, Portland, Maine, but withdrew, from ill-health after three months, and became rector of Trinity church, Norwich, in August, 1853. He became rector of Christ church, Detroit, Michigan, in February, 1860, where he re- mained until he accepted tbe reotoirship of Grace church, Brooklyn Heights, in May, 1869. While still in this rectorship, on the 15th of May, 1873, Dr. Pad- dock was elected Bishop of Massachusetts. He accepted the office in a letter, dated June 4th, 1873, in which he remarks : — " I am not unmindful of the great honor conferred upon me, nor ungrateful for the confidence reposed in me by this election. I have not sought, but I dare not decline it ; and yet, as I recall the learning, -wisdom, zeal, and saintliuess which have adorned the Episcopate of your historic diocese, I cannot help standing humbled and oppressed by a sense of insufficiency and unworthiness. I can bring to such an honored succession little more than an unfeigned Ipnging and purpose to con- secrate all that is within me, ' to the edifying of Christ's church, and to the honor, praise, and gloiy of His name.' But it cheers me to think that if loving thoughts and prayers and appreciation on the pari of a chief pastor, for all who are striving 419 EIGHT EEV. BENJAMIN H. PADDOCK, D. D. together for the faith of the gospel in the church's ways and works, may only be met by generous love and confidence and prayerful co-operation, then, even thus, with- out other and greater conditions of success, the Holy Ghost, the Lord and giver of life, can mightily work through His ministry and people, and the church can grow up unto Christ, who is the Head in all things, and can make glorious increase of the body unto the edifying of itself in love.'' The consecration of the new Bishop took place at Grace cliurcli, Brooklyn, on Wednesday, September 17th, 1873. Bishop Paddock is of the average height,- sparelj' made and erect He has light complexion, hair, and eyes. The face is long, with a fall, high brow, and has an expression of composure and amiabil ity. His manners are quiet and courteous. Judging him by cas- ual observation, and knowing him by long acquaintance is to 'find his disposition and talents altogether the same. There is no change, no policy, and no affectation about either his conduct or speech. He shows what order of person he is on the instant ; and he is the same at all other times. If you' are the stranger or slight acquaintanrce, he talks with you in that sincere, friendly way, which puis both on the most agreeable footing at onca And if you are the old and valued friend, why it is the same frank, genial -grasp of the hand, and earn- est welcome of the heart, which have delighted you frdm the begin- ning. And all this is most natural in speech and action, evidently springing simply from the true habit and motives of the man. No personal character can be more beautiful, more admired, or more in- fluential. Asa preacher, Bishop Paddock is one who always appears in the«a- cred desk after scholarly and prayerful preparation. He feels his great responsibility, and he makes this evident to every hearer. • Hence, his solemnly uttered words have full weight, and his occasional out- bursts of eloquent and pathetic appeal are not less effective. ■ Writ- ing with strength and clearness, particularly the doctrined subjects, he speaks with tones and gestures, which add force to his- language. No person can fail to understand him; and few^ can long remain indif- ferent to his calls to grace. In all the duties of the rector he is con- scientious, faithful, and experienced. Too modest andidevout'to be a mere seeker for fame, still he is winning it by the force of works which cannot go unobserved. 420 KEY. ALFRED H. PARTRIDGE, RECTOR or" cumsT CHTJBcn, buooxci^ynJ (E. I>.) >BV. ALFEED H. PAETEIDGE was bom at Hatfield, Massachusetts, December 14th, 1811. , His early academic studies were. at Hadley, in the same State. Having taken a course of private instruction in the collegiate branches, be entered the Episcopal General Theological Seminary, New York, where he was graduated in June, 1838. He was made deacon at St. Mark's Church, New York, by Bishop Qnderdonk, July 1st, 1838, and priest, at St. Matthew's Church, Bedford, West- qhester county, by the same Bishop July 20th, 1839. He became assistant of the Eev. Samuel Nichols at St Matthew's Church, but afterone year wag himself called to the rectorship, in which he re* mained during a period of seventeen years. The increase of the Epis- copalians and the erection of new churches of the denomination in that section of Westchester county is largely due to the efforts of Mr, Partridge. He, was instrumental. in the organization of St. Luke's Church, at Somers ; St Mary's, at North Castle ; St John's, at Lewis borough ; and St Mark's at Katonah, all of which are flourishing churches at this time. In May, 18.5.5, he commenced the duties of his present rectorship at Christ Church, in the Eastern District of Brooklyn, which he has now discharged for more than eighteen years. ■ This parish was organized in 1846, and. grew out of St Mark's pa^•iah. The Eev. Charles Eeynolds was the first rector, but up to the time when Mr. Partridge came the parish was small and feeble. Worship was held in a small wooden building on South sixth street, which wiis subsequently sold for one hundred dollars. Mr. Partridge at once threw his. accustomed energy into his work,. and the parish has now grown to, be one of, the most important in Brooklyn. Just at the opening of the war, the erection, of a splendid stone church edifice was undertaken on a very eligible site on Bedford avenue, donated by the Boerum family.. This structure was opened on the first Sunday before Christmas, 1868, and cost about fifty thousand 421 REV. ALFRED H. PARTRIDGE. dollars. It is a very superior building, being large, and constructed in the best manner, and its fittings and adornment are of the most costly, elaborate, and tasteful character. An elegant dwelling in Ross street has been purchased for a rectory. Mr. Partridge is about the medium height, equally proportioned, and active in his movements. His head is round, with regular feat- ures, and he has light hair and whiskers. His face shows intelligence and shrewdness of observation, and his manners exhibit impulsiveness and energy. As a business man he would have made a mark in any occupation, for he has all the judgment, tact, and enterprise which are necessary to success in worldly affairs. In the building up of his parish, and in carrying forward their recent operations in constructing a new church, he has displayed an energy, an adaptation of means to ends, a spirit to overcome obstacles, and a business capacity, which have been quite omnipotent in their way. Had Mr. Partridge been less of a practical business man, it is probable that his parish would not now have been in existence. When he took hold of it, there were not only long unpaid debts but no means to discharge them. The whole work of the Lord was about to come to a stand-still simply for the want of business talents and energy to raise money ^nd elevate a defaulting and bankrupt church into an honest and thriving parish. Praying and waiting, without something more, would not do. It required the same kind of striving which hard run merchants make every day, and that kind of practical calculation and exertion which spring from the business mind, - Look at the results. The old tottering church building has passed away, and a magnificent structure has appeared, and the scene of the humble, impoverished congregation has merged into the great throng of influential people who now compose the parish. A super- ficial, inexperienced rector would have been the mean's of allowing the light of this enterprise to go out forever ; but the nerve and busi- ness capacity of Mr. Partridge has fanned it into a blaze of prosperity which has few parallels in church history. His qualifications for the spiritual work are not less conspicuous. He is polite and genial in his manners, and has excellent conversa- tional powers. In both public and private life he has characteristics which render him extremely popular with all persons. He is ad- mired and beloved for his consistent, pure life, for his spirit of self sacrifice, and for his bold, earnest efforts in the line of his duty, 422 UEV. WILLIAM M. PAXTON, I). D., I»A.STOIt OF TUli! FIIIST P»H.ESI1Y TaU RXAPf cnuKcia:, p^eav Yomt. )EV. DR. WILLIAM M. PAXTON was born in Adams county, near Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, June 7tb, 1824, The locality now made immortal by one of the great martial contests of the late war, was the familiar scene of his youthful recreations. He was graduated at Pennsylvania College in 1843, and afterward studied law with Judge George Chambers, of Chambersburg, and Alexander Stephenson, of Gettys- burg. On the eve of his admission to the bar he was converted, and, having tmited with the church, he determined to study for the ministry. He entered Princeton Theological Seminary, and graduated in 1848. In the spring of the previous year he had been licensed as a minister of the Presbyterian Church by the Presbytery of Carlisle, and in the fall of 1848 he was ordained and installed as pastor of the Presbyterian church at Greencastle, Franklin county, Pennsylvania, where he remained two years. In the fall of 1850 he was called to the First Presbyterian Church of Pittsburg, and was installed early in January, 1851. This church was under the pastoral care of the late Rev. Dr. Francis Herron, one of the most learned and distinguished clergyman of the west, for the long period of thirty- nine years. Dr. Herron resigned his pastorship in December, 1850, and Dr. Paxton was called as his successor. During the subsequent ten years up to the death of Dr. Herron, the closest relations existed between the officiating and retired pastors as ministers, Christians, and friends, each giving evidence of the most exalted regard for the other. Dr. Paxton thus speaks of his intimate and affectionate association with Dr. Herron : " I never met a frown from his brow ; never heard an unkind word from his lips ; never felt a single jar in our intercourse ; never was a moment trammeled or embarrassed in my personal or ministerial actions by anything that he said. On the other hand, he was a friend, who stood by me in every extremitj'; a 423 EEV. "WILLIAM M. PAXTON, D. D. counsellor, ever ready with the wisdom of age and experience ; a comforter, full of tenderest sympathy ; a defender, who would stand forth and receive reproach himself rather than it should fall upon me." Dr. Paxton remained with the First Church of Pittsburg for fifteen years, when he was called to a field equally important in the city of New York. In the spring of 1865, Eev. Dr. William W. Phillips, for many years pastor of the First Presbyterian Church of New York city, departed this life, and Dr. Paxton was invited to assume pastoral relations with this influential and wealthy congrega- tion. Having accepted the call, he was installed in January, 18(76. "We draw from a sermon preached by Dr. Phillips, at the opening of the new church of the First Congregation in Fifth Avenue, the following interesting historical, details regai'ding the Presbyterian Church in New York. " The first movement which led to the organization of a Presbyterian congrega- tion in New York was in January, 1707. Prior to that period a few Presbyterians had assembled for worship in a private house, being without a minister. Two min- isters of the faith, named Francis McKemmie and John Hampton, from the eastern shore of Marylapd, now visited New Tork on their way to Boston, and application was made to the Consistory of the Dutch Church for the use of their place of wor- ship, that these clergymen migh' preach. Permission was given by the Consistory, but that of Lord Combury, the governor of the province, was also requisite, and it was refused. Mr. McKemmie, however, preached in a private house in Pearl street, and' baptized a child. The performance of these ministrations, without a license from the governor, resulted in the arrest of both Mr. McKemmie and his companion, who were brought before his lordship, and by his order thrown into prison. A|tpr two montVs of confinement they were brought before the chief justice by a writ of habeas corpus, and Mr. Hampton, not having preached, was discharged, and Mr. McKemihie admitted to bail. The latter returned from Virginia in June, to answer his prosecution before a civil court, where he was acquitt' d by a jury, but was ob- liged to pay costs to the amount of £83, 7s. 6d. In 1717 John NiohoU, Patrick McKnight, Gilbert Livingston, and Thomas Smith, with a few other, organized a congregation, and called as their minister the Eev. James Andferson, a native of Scotland, but at the time a member of the Presbytery of Philadelphia. Worship was held in the City Hall, at the corner of Nassau and Wall streets, the use of which was granted by the corporation of the city. In 1718 a lot was purchased in Wall street, and in the following year a church edifice was erected. Money was collected in Connecticut and in Scotland for the new enterprise. In 1720, application was made for a charter, the granting of which was successfully oppoEJed by the Vestry of Trinity Church, at this time and at other periods, for more than half a century. Having no prospect of obtaining a charter by which they might enjoy, as an incor- porate body, a right to their church and cemetery, and alarmed by what had occurred at Jamaica, Long Island, where the property of the Presbyterians had been actually taken from them by the Episcopalians, tiiey invested the fee Of their church and ground in the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland. Subsequent to the 424 REV. WILLIAM M. PAXTON, D. D. revolution the property was reconveyed to the trustees of the chiarch. The church was enlarged in 1748. The following inscription was placed in the wall over the magistrate's pew : ' Under the auspices of George 11. , King of Great Britain, Patron of the Church, and Defender of the Faith.' Kev. David Bostwiok was called to the church in 1756, and early in his ministry a portion of the members seceded and formed the First Associate Reformed Church in Cedar street, now the Scotch Presbyterian Church in Grand street. In 1765 the Kev. John Eodgers was installed, when the church was revived, prospered, and greatly increased. A lot was obtained from the corporation on the corner of Nassau and Beekman streets, on which a new building was erected, and dedicated in January, 1768. "Most of the members of the First Church and their ministers went into exile during the Eevolution. On their return, they found their churches had been dese- crated and left in an injured and ruinous state. The parsonage house belonging to the church had been burned. The Vestry of Trinity Church, now unsolicited, offered the Presbyterians the use of St. Paul's and St. George's Churches until their own might be repaired. At a later period, a lot of ground on Eobinson street was donated for the use of the Presbyterian senior minister. In fact, the Episcopalians in a mitwrity, as they were after the war, were a very different people than when in a majority. The Brick Church was re-opened in June, 1784, and the church in Wall street in the following year. In 1798, a third Presbyterian Church was opened in Eutger street ; in later days under the charge of Dr. Krebs. In 1807, a colony from the Wall street church and from the Brick Church, with others who were unable to obtain pews in either, purchased ground and built the Cedar street church. The churches were separated and became independent of each other in 1809, each having their own pastor, except that Dr. Eogers continued his pastoral relations to the First and Brick Churches. During 1809-10, the Wall street church was rebuilt ; the old materials being used for building another church in, Spring street in part. A sep- aration of the Wall street and Brick Churches was effected by mutual consent. Dr. Eogers died in May, 1811, leaving Dr. Miller, who became a colleague in 1792, sole pastor, which he retained until 1813, when he became one of the professors at Princeton Theological Seminary. In 1815, Eev. Philip M. Whelpley accepted a caU to the church, but was removed by death, in July, 1824. He was succeeded by Dr. Phillips, in January, 1826. In 1834, the church was partially destroyed by fire,, but was immediately rebuilt and re-opened in 1835. In May, 1844, the building' was vacated and removed to Jersey City, where it is used for the purpose for which- it was originally built. The corner-stone of a new edifice, to be erected on the cor- ner of Fifth avenue and Eleventh and Twelfth streets, was laid in September of the' same year, and the first service was held January 11th, 1846. The church is constructed of brown free-stone, and is one of the most imposing in New Torfc, and the congregation is among the most wealthy." The statistics of the Presbyterian denomination in the United' States for 1872, show that its number of churches is 4,730 ; minis- ters, 4,441 ; communicants, 468,164, and Sunday school memberS). 485,762, and their contributions during the year amount toi $10,086,526, being an increase of $1,003,117 on those of the pre-nous. year. In 1860 Dr. Paxton was called to a chair of theology in the Western Theological Seminary at Alleghany City, which he still 425 BEV. WILLIAM M. PAXTON, D. D. holds, in addition to his pastoral duties. He received his degree of D. D. from Jefferson College in 1853. He has published a "Memorial of E^v. Francis Herron, D. D." containing two sermons? and various other occasional sermons. We take the following ex- tract from one of the memorial sermons : "Elijah, the prophet fiither, and Elisha, the prophet son, were bound together by no ordinary ties of endearment. When it became manifest to the old prophet that he must ere long retire from his sacred office, and it was indicated that Eliaha should fill his vacant place, Elijah sought him, and, throwing his mantle upon him, indicated and installed him as his successor. Accordingly, Elisha bade farewell to the home of his youth, and crossed the mountains of Gilead to take part in the ministry of the old prophet, and to comfort and cheer him with the ready offices of kindness and affection. From that time they lived and labored together in the in- timacy of a harmonious fellowship and reciprocated attachment. It was no ordinary friendship that bound them to each other. They had one interest, one aim, one motive, one sphere of blessed, holy, consecrated action ; but deeper than this was the affinity of congenial temperament, the unity of kindred sympathies, the harmo- ny of feelings strung to the same key, and, deeper still, the affiance of grace, the common experience of the love of God, the endearing intimacy of spiritual fellow- ship and communion which bound them together heart and soul, wedding youth and age with a bond of perfectness. "The life of Elijah was spared longer than he seemed first to anticipate. It was doubtless so ordered in mercy to Elisha. He needed the experience of age to direct him, and the wisdom and instructions of the old prophet to prepare and mature him for his future responsibilities. For a period of about ten years this happy asso- ciation and co-operation in the work of God continued ; but now at last the time arrived when they must part, Elijah to ascend into glory, and Elisha to bear the responsibilities of the t^acred office alone. "When it became known in the school of the prophets at Jericho that Elijah was about to finish his earthly career, it awakened such a painful interest among the young men in training there for the work of God, that a band of fifty followed after the two prophets as they took their course toward the Jordan, and, ascending an eminence that overlooked the valley, witnessed the sublime scene that followed. The Jordan parts before the stroke of Elijah's mantle, and now they stand upon the opposite shore — the prophet father and the prophet son in their last act of earthly communion. Elijah, with an overflowing heart, tells Elisha to present now his last request. 'Ask what I shall do for thee before I am taken away from thee.' Elisha had no difficulty in fixing upon his request. One great thought now filled his mind — anxiety about the cause of God after Elijah was gone. Hence he instantly replies: 'I pray thee let a double portion of thy spirit be upon me.' But whilst they were talking, behold there appeared a chariot of fire, and horses of fire, and parted them both asunder, and Elijah went up by whirlwind into Heaven.'" Dr. Paxton is tall, rather spare, erect, and in the full activity of his years. His head is round, and his features are delicate, regular, and highly expressive of the best qualities of mind and heart He has clear, speaking, kindly eyes, and prominent intellectual charac- teristics. He is a man of peculiar blandness of manner, and, without 126 REV. WILLIAM M. PAXTON, D. D. the slightest sacrifice of a most becoming dignity, places himself on pleasant and familiar terms with jou. He converses freely on all current and learned subjects with the interest always imparted by an observing and educated man. Dr. Paxton is emphatically a man of power. He has energy foi any work and ability for any position. His natural qualities were of the first order, and these have been developed by the severest training of scholarship. He speaks fluently, with the ease and polish of diction and grace of gesture which show the natural and educated orator ; but above all he has a depth, comprehensiveness, afid force of reasoning which are irresistible. He is one of those men who instantly satisfies yoa that he is the master of his subject There are no common-place thoughts, no dim and misty statements of argument, and no attempts to make wordy declamation serve the purpose of research and logia It is a sermon eloquent, and at the same time complete in sterling original ideas, and one in which imagination bestows its pleasing adornment without for a moment modifying the strength and effect of comprehensive argument. The doctrines of his church, the themes of the Scriptures, and the fitting topics of the hour, are all dealt with in a manner the most masterly. Mind and heart are at work in all these efforts ; the Christian and the man give truth and gentleness to every word ; and eloquence and conscientious earnestness pervade the whole sermon. 427 REY. WILLIAM H. PENDLETON, r»A.iSTOTt OF THE "WEST FIFTY^-TIURD ©TREET BA.I»TIST OHXJKCII, 3VEAV" "yOKXt. EV. WILLIAM H. PENDLETON was born in Stoning- ton, Conn., in the year 1832. He spent his early years in academic pursuits and the study of the law. He went to California, and while there entered upon the work of the Christian ministry in 1855. His first pastoral charge was assumed in the city of Brooklyn, three years later, in which he spent eighteen months. After this he became pastor of the Cannon street Baptist Church, New York, and continued to labor as its pastor for several years. He has now been in his present position for a length of time In all these positions his ministry has been eminently successful. The aggregate of conversions under his preach- ing reaches nearly six hundred. He is a good deal of a revivalist, and he does not allow his congregation to grow apathetic in the religious work. Mr. Pendleton has obtained some celebrity as an energetic member and manager of the American Bible Union, the organization of Baptists which is engaged in a translation of the Scriptures. He is also the Eecording Secretary. Mr. Pendleton is under the average height, with a compact frame, and much activity. His head is large and round, with a square face, and regular features. His eyes are large and full of good nature and sympathy, and his bold forehead shows that he is not wanting in in- tellectual capacity. He is a man of energy, one who loves to toil, and who despairs not though defeat often overtakes him. He is courageous, and he makes all his burdens of labor lighter by a cheer- fulness and bopefulness whicb never forsake him. He is modest in his bearing, frank and warm in his feelings, and strict and true in re- gard to his principles and his duty. 428 REV. WILLIAM H. PENDLETON. Mr. Pendleton is a man of the most unpretending appearance and manners. He is so modest that he always shrinks from prominence when there are others who can take such positions. He loves to work silently, and in those places where notice is not likely to be taken of him. So modest and unassuming is he that to the ordinary observer he might readily be regarded as a person of little usefulbess or in- fluence in the affairs of the church. But this would be a grave mistake. He has a treasure of energy which makes him " a host in himself," and he has a cheerfulness and amiability which make him popular, and hence influential with all classes. He is an attractive and effective speaker. He, of course, does not lose sight of the potency of a logical argument, but his forte is in im- passioned declamation. He feels in his own heart the full force and expression of every word that he utters, and he speaks in a fervor of language which is natural oratory with him. His language is well chosen, it is pointed and comprehensive ; but, above all, it is fervent Like all such speakers, he indulges in considerable gesticulation, but it is appropriate and deeply impressiva He is a very good extem- poraneous speaker, and, indeed, many think that these are his best efforts. It has been very justly remarked of him that, while his mind is essentially poetic, he has with sound discretion chastened it to the more sober shade of thought suitable to the character of the Christian ministry. Mr. Pendleton belongs to the working yopng. ministers of the Baptist denomination. He will undoubtedly win for himsielf a pro- minent position in the ministry and a fair share of the world's re- nown. And he will win it by work. . No man will ever call hiin a sluggard when there is labor to be done, and no duty will be found neglected when it has been entrusted to his fidelity and energy. With these characteristics he has a future of great promise, and his. deno- mination will always have in him an unwavering worker in the vine- yard of the faith. 429 REV. CHARLES S. POMEROY, LA-TE I*A.STOIl HF THE ItOSS STREET PRXJS- MYTEPtIA.N CHUBCH, BROOICLYN. EV. CHAELES S. POMEROY was born in Brooklyn, New York, July 7th, 1834. He is the son of Daniel and Clarissa L. Pomeroy, both of whom are deceased. In 1854, he graduated at Columbia College, New York, and soon after entered mercantile life. He made a profession of faith in Christ, and united with the First Presbyterian Church of Brooklyn, where both of his parents were members, and his father an elder, during the ministry of the Eev. Dr. William Hogarth. Not long subsequent to this, he began to prepare for the ministry ; and after two years of private study, he took a partial course at the Union Theological Seminary, New York. He was licensed to preach by the Presbytery of Brooklyn (New School), in May, 1864, and the same year was called to the pastoral charge of the Ross street Presbyterian Church, a new enterprise just organized from members of three dif- ferent churches in the eastern district of Brooklyn. He was ordained and installed pastor of the Ross street church by the Presbytery of Nassau(01d School), on the 16th of October, 1864. At first the congregation worshiped in a hired hall, but at once began to build a handsome brick and stone chapel. Here they re- mained five years, until the growth of the congregation absolutely Tequired a more spacious edifice. In 1872, they finished their pres- ent large and convenient structure of iron, upon lots previously held for that purpose. The church property is worth about one hundred and fifty thousand dollars. Nearly four hundred members were added to the church under Mr. Pomi^roy's ministry. In 1873, he ac- cepted a call to the Second Presbyterian Church, in Cleveland, Ohio. He was the stated clerk of the synod of Long Island, and, also of the Presbytery of Brooklyn, having been appointed as such when these bodies were organized, at the re-union of the two branches of the Presbyterian Church. He was married September 7th, 1858, to 430 REV. CHARLES S. POMEBOT. Miss Clara Townsend, of New York. They have had five children, three boys and two girls, but have suffered the deep afSiction of the loss of all of them. Mr. Pomeroy is of a round, erect form, with a finely formed head. His complexion is naturally fair, and usually tinged with the ruddy glow of health. His eyes are soft, having a bright, cheerful twinkle, which is almost one of merriment. In fact, his whole face is most, pleasing. There is not a feature or a line in it which do not proclaim both his intellect and his virtue; Gifts of the mind and purity of the heart have written their image in its whole structure, and those who look at it would rely on him for these without a moment's hesitation.. His manners are particularly warm and gentlemanly with all persons.. In conversation he is fluent and animated. In all the duties of the pastorship he is a conscientious and earn- est worker. With a great deal of practical tact and efiicieucy in his dealings with others, he is a man so dignified and consistent in his character as a clergyman, that his success and popularity have been equally marked throughout his career. He preaches without display, but with a vigor of thought and a seriousness of demeanor which com- mand the strict attention of large audiences. A deeply pious man himself, making religion the stay of this life and the hope of the next,, with a fullness of confidence and faith, which amounts to an enthusi- asm, he shows in his sermons that he is moved by the sole purpose of saving sinners. Hence, if there is a flight of eloquence, if there are words of touching pathos, it is where he is seeking, borne on by his religious fervor, to gain some idle ear and froward heart Cer- tainly his own talents cannot be lost sight of by those who hear him, but, it is likewise certain, that personally he uses them merely as the humble instruments in his Master's work. By his people he is be- loved for beautiful traits of character, which are exhibited in all his relations with them, and by the community at large he is regarded with high and sincere appreciation. 431 KEY. ELBERT S. PORTER, D. D., PA.STOII OF THE rTRST XtEFORIkEEO CHTJBCH, BKOOKLLYN, (E. JO.) |EV. DE. ELBERT S. PORTER was bom in tte town of Hillsboro', New Jersey, October 23rd, 1820. His early studies were at a select scbool at Ovid, Seneca county, New York, wtere he was sent at six years of age, and at a school in the city of New York kept by the father of the late distinguished lawyer, James T. Brady. When between eleven and twelve he went into a store at Millstone, New York, for one year. After this he attended the Academy at Somerville, New Jersey, where he spent three years. He entered the Sophomore class of Princeton College in his sixteenth year, and was graduated three years later, in 1839. He studied law for a short time, but did not seek admission to the bar. He was graduated in theology at the Theological Seminary at New Brunswick in 1842. In the same year he was licensed by the classis of New Brunswick, and in the fol- lowing fall was installed at Chatham, in Columbia county, New York, as pastor of a small missionary congregation. This point is now known as Chatham on the Harlem Railroad, and the junction of the Boston and Albany Railroad. At the date of Dr. Porter's going there it was a small settlement of a poor, and to a considerable extent, vicious population. Filled with zeal in the ministerial work, he commenced his labors, and met with great success. He remained seven years, and built up one of the most flourishing of the country churches of the Reformed denomination. He next accepted a call to his present church, then known as the First Reformed Dutch Church in Williamsburgh, of which he became the pastor November 1st, 1849, and has now officiated for twenty-four years. The history of this church is very interesting. Its growth shows the wonderful changes which forty-four years have produced in the entire section now included in the city of Brooklyn. In the first year of the present century, Brooklyn contained only 3,298 inhabi- 432 \J cSa^^^Ac/^^. <:J'2-'S^->— EEV. ELBEET S. PORTER, D. D. tants, and in 1834 was erected into a city with a population of about 24,000. It then had but one Eeformed Ihitch Church, whereas now there are about fifteen. In the year 1817, a ferry was established between the foot of Grand street, New York, and the foot of what afterwards became Grrahd street, Williamsburgh. Prior to that period the inhabitants crossed the river by sail or paddle-boats. The ferry Soon contributed to the establishment of a considerable settlement along the shore, from Grand to North Second street, through ,which ran the turnpike to Newtown. A village charter was obtained in 1827, when the population amounted to about fifteen hundred. At that date the shore from Wallabout Bay to Newtown Creek was dotted with comfortable farm-houses, occupied by the old Dutch fam- ilies. Williamsburgh became a city, January 1st, 1852, and it was consolidated with Brooklyn and Bushwick, under one charter, Janu- ary 1st, 1855; At the date of the consolidation, Williamsburgh had a population of about fifty thousand, and Brooklyn about one hundred and twenty thousand. The entire population at this time is about four hundred thousand. The church in Williamsburgh grew out of the First Eeformed Dutch Church of Bushwick. On the 28th of September, 1828, the corner-stone of a church edifice was laid on a site which is now on the corner of Fourth and South Second streets. It was dedicated on the 26th of July, 1829, the Eev. Dr. Broadhead, of New York, preaching the sermon. The congregation was organized as a sepa- rate church by the classis of Long Island on the 1st November, 1829. Immediately after its organization the church received into its ser- vice the Eev. James Demarest, who for the first six months served in the capacity of a missionary, and was supported in part by the Board of Domestic Missions. On the first Sabbath of his labors he preached to sixteen people, on the second to eighteen, and on the third to twenty-four. At that date the building was remote from the village, which was forming around and above the foot of Grand street Fourth street was then but a farmer's iane^ — rough, uneven with boulders, and studded here and there with stumps or with tree's of the original forest. Flagged sidewalks, and pavements as yet there were none. Eev. Mr. Demarest labored as missionary and pastor for nine years and nine months, when he resigned. The pas- torate was next filled by the Eev. William H. Van Doren, who re- mained until the spring of 1849, about ten years. In the spring of the same year important improvements of the church edifice were com- 433 REV. ELBEBT 8. PORTER, D. D. pleted. The installation of Dr. Porter took place on the third Sun- day of December. 1849, and his naiuistry has been the most noted in the history of the church. In 1849, Williamsburgh was still a small place. The streets were unlighted by night, save only when the moon relieved the darkness. Since then every one of the local in- stitutions has been established, such as banks, markets, libraries, and associations for public beneficence. The churches were few, and their membership not large. From an early date the First Church contributed its members and its means to found other churches. The First Presbyterian Church of "Williamsburgh grew out of it ; in 1848, twenty three members were dismissed to form the church at Greenpoint; in 1851, several were dismissed to aid in the organization of the South Bush- wick Church, and in 1854, members were dismissed to found the Lae Avenue Church. For several years, contributions were made to the salaries of the ministers of both the last-named churches. In 1855, a Mission Sunday School was established in Ninth street, which has since been maintained in great vigor and efficiency, at an expense of never less than five hundred dollars per annum. The church has repeatedly given its assistance, pecuniarily and otherwise, in other practical efforts of religious usefulness. In 1854, the spire of the church was prostrated by a tornado. Subsequently the edifice was enlarged and improved at a cost of about five thousand dollars in all. In 1860, a contract was made for the purchase of a site for a new edifice, when the war arrested fur- ther movements. In July, 1866, the church on Fourth street was sold to the Central Baptist congregation, and in September, 1867, the foun- dations of a new edifice were commenced on the site purchased in 1860. This site consists of seven lots, four on Bedford avenue, and three on Clymer street, one of the most select and highly-improved neigh- borhoods of the city. The corner-stone was laid in July, 1868. The completed church was dedicated in October, 1869, and cost, with a chapel adjoining, $130,000. The building is in the Eoman- esque style of architecture, and is one hundi-ed and ten feet long (exclusive of the chapel) by seventy feet wide. The whole iront on Bedford avenue, including towers, Ls eighty-two feet On the north-west comer there is a tower ninety-eight feet high, and on the opposite corner is a large turret seventy-eight feet high. The basement is built of Belleville stone, and the walls above the base- ment are faced up with Philadelphia pressed brick, and trimmed 43i KEY. ELBERT S. POETEE, D. D. with Dorcliester stone. The audience room is eigbty-seven feet by sixty -seven in the clear. The windows are filled with en- riched glass. The first floor is seated with walnut pews of the most approved pattern. There are galleries on three sides, having hand- some openwork fronts made of walnut and butternut woods. These are unlike most galleries, in that they are constructed with one level floor, the entire width, in place of the usual style with platforms graded one above the* other. This level gallery is divided into spaces of about eight by eight feet each, with light open baluster railings, carpeted the same as the first floor, each space furnished with walnut upholstered chairs and a small center-table, thus making the gallery the most attractive portion of the house. These spaces have been rented for an aggregate sum of three thousand dollars. The building is provided with a n ew system of ventilation. The walls and ceilings are richly tinted with delicate hues. The church seats fourteen hundred, and the chapel accomodates six hundred. Three hundred and twenty -five dollars premium was paid for the choice of the first pew at the sale of them. Taken as a whole, this is one of the most elegant and commodious edifices of the kind to be found in the United States. During the day of dedication three imposing and largely attended services took place in the church. Dr. Porter preached the principal sermon, the Eev. Dr. De Witt delivered an address and the dedica- tion sentences and prayer, and Chancellor Isaac Ferris delivered an affecting and appropriate address to the congregation. There are now about four hundred members, and each of the two Sunday schools has about two hundred scholars. Dr. Porter received his degree of D. D. from Rutgers College, New Brunswick, in 1854. For fourteen years he was the editor of the Christian Intelligencer, the organ of the reformed denomination. His career as an editor was brilliant in the extreme, and when he resigned this position, both the religious and secular press united iu an expression of the highest regard for his character and talents. ■ Besides his editorial writings, he has published in serial form a "History of the Reformed Dutch Church in the United States," the "Pastor's. Guide," and other small volumes, and varioiis occasional sermons. One of these latter is a " Historical Discourse," delivered on the final services in the old church, and is of much value from its historical information. Dr. Porter was the president of the first General Synod held after the name of the denomination was changed 435 BEV. EL BEET S. PORTER, D. D. from the Eeformed Dutch to the Eeformed Church of North Ameri- ca. He has a beautiful farm of sixty acres at Olaverack, in Colum- Taia county, -which is well managed and made profitable by a person in charga Dr. Porter has an equally-proportioned figure, of the average height He has a quiet, plain appearance, but his whole manner at once assures you that he is a man of both dignity and force of char- acter. His head is long, with a sharp chin, but much fullness in the upper portion. The features are prominent and expressive. His head and face proclaim three distinctive and strong qualities in him. In the first place, he is a thoroughly conscientious man in every duty of life ; second, he is strong in his own self-reliance; and third, his mind is clear, comprehensive, and practical on all occasions and on all subjects. He was never found wanting in any place that duty placed him ; and in the church and everywhere he is one of those who naturally take the position of a leader and example to other men. In his conversation, in his calmness and method, in his confidence, which, after all, is not unmingled with caution, you ob- tain a vivid insight into the moral and physical power which is in- born in him. He is not demonstrative or presumptuous, but quiet, unobtrusive and modest. Agreeable, cordial, and frank in his man- ners, they are not of a kind to draw any especial attention upon him. But when work is to be done, when cool, practical judgment is wanted, when a champion and a hero are required, then he comes to the fi'ont, with his strong nerve, his willing mind and hands, ^and his brave and hopeful heart His work in the ministry stands nobly conspicuous in the religious record of his times for its fidelity and success. It has not been a work of show and boastfulness, but one which will speak through all denominational history for its usefulness to the church and the community. His sermons excel in both learning and literary ability. He writes in an elegant, compact, and forcible style of composition, showing the ready pen, and enlarged and brilliant mental powers. Whatever he displays appears in thought and argument which are peculiarly his own. There is no seeming effort and no display, but his pleasant flow of tender language, and his logical, sensible views, never fail to arrest all ears. 436 RT. REV. BISHOP HORATIO POTTER, D.D, LL. D., D.C. L., OF THE NEltV YORIt I>IOCE©E OF THE PROTi ESTA.NT EPISCtiPA.!^ CHXTRCH. )IGHT KEY. DE. HOEATIO POTTEE, Bishop of the Protestant Episcopal Diocese of New York, wag born at Beekman (now La Grange), Dutchess County, New York, February 9th, 1802. His early edtication was received at an academy at Poughkeepsie. He was graduated at Union College in 1826, and was ordained a deacon of the Epis- copal Church, July, 1827, and priest in the following year. During the same year he was appointed professor of mathematics and natural philosophy in Washington (now Trinity) College, Hartford, where he remained five years. In the interval he declined an invitation from Bishop Moore to become assistant minister of the Monumental church, Eichmond, Virginia. In 1833, he accepted the rectorship of St. Peter's chtirch, Albany, and declined the presidency of Trin- ity College in 1887, after an election to that position. On the death of Bishop Wainwright, in 1854, he was elected provisional bishop of the diocese of New York, and consecrated November 22d, 1854, and on the decease of Bishop B. T. Onderdonk, who was under sus- pension, April 30th, 1861, he became bishop. It may be mentioned as a singular coincidence, that a brother of Bishop Potter was bishop of Pennsylvania, and that each of them succeeded one of the brothers Onderdonk. During a visit to England, Bishop Potter was entertained with marked honors by the English bishops. The western portion of the State of New York has long been a separate diocese, and more recently both Long Island and Central New York have been erected into a third and fourth see. The increase of Episcopal churches in the city of New York has been greater than in any of the other denominations, and the increase hat been large in other parts of the State. Bishop Potter resides in the city of New York, in an Episcopa residence (provided), and enjoys a large salary, which is paid out of a fund created for the purpose. He is expected to visit each church in 437 BT. KEV. HORATIO POTTER, D. D., LL. D,, D. C. L. his diocese once in each year, when candidates for confirmation are presented. Bishop Potter is tall and thin, with narrow shoulders, erect car- riage, and active step. His head is of the long kind, with thin visage, and deep-set eyes. His hair is of a silver gray, and he has a round, full brow. His manners are always dignified. He has an absorbing, ever-apparent conviction of the exaltation and sacred character of his episcopal offica If men are born for bishops he is one of them. He exhibits to the fullest extent that solemnity of demeanor, that strictness of life, and that superiority of talent required in one called to such functions. The atmosphere about him seems laden with influences awing to the sensibilities, all his daily steps are in the path of conscientious duty, and his gran- deur of intellect makes his authority more imposing. In social intercourse he is a most courtly man. He belongs to the old school of gentlemen, and his demeanor has the greatest pro- priety and polish about it on all occasions. His dr^ss is strictly of the clerical order— i. e., a single-breasted frock coat, and tumed-up collar, with white cravat, the suit being black. Bishop Potter is an agreeable speaker. He has a voice which is of sufficient volume, though not by any means powerful. His utterances are calm and dignified, and evidently the offspring of a gentle Christian spirit His arguments are in the plainest language, and they are urged with the earnestness of one fully appreciating his responsibility as a religious teacher, and personally interested in the welfare of every human soul. As a scholar, he ranks with the ablest in his denomination. He has found no models in superficial men. He abhors anything like charlatanism, and has won his own way by steps of severe applica- tion, and obtained honors which are only the proper reward of hon- orable success and a conscientious ambition. In the sterling parts of character, in all the practices of a pure and godly life, and in a dignified and proper sense of his Episcopal functions. Bishop Potter stands a pre-eminent example to the world. He is a good and valuable man, in the fullest meaning of the term. Universally popular in his denomination among both clergy and laity, exerting his eminent talents and diligent labors with the great- est success in one of the most wealthy and intelligent dioceses of the American Episcopal Church, he occupies a position alike honorablo to himself and beneficial to the cause of religion. 133 IIEV. IIEMY C. POTTER, D. D., IlECTOK OF GTIA.CE EPISCOI'A.Xi CHU UCH, iVETT YOllK. lEV. DR HENRY C. POTTEE is tte son of the late Right Rev. Alonzo Potter, Bishop of Pennsylvania, and was bom at Schenectady, New York. He was educated at the Episcopal Academy of Philadelphia, and at the Theological Seminary of Virginia, from which latter institution he was graduated in 1857. He was ordained deacon in the same year, and called to Christ Church, Grreensburgh, "Westmoreland count}'-, Pennsylvania, where he remained until May, 1859. At this period he accepted a call to St. John's church, Troy, New York. In 1862 he was called to Christ Church, Cincinnati, but declined. In the spring of 1863 he was tendered the presidency of Kenyon Col- lege, Ohio, and in November of the same year the rectorship of St Paul's Church, Albany, both of which invitations he declined. In May, 1866, he accepted a call to be " Assistant Minister of Trinity Church, Boston, on the Greene Foundation," where he remained until May, 1868, when he became rector of Grace Church, Broadway, New York. He has published "Thirty Years Renewed," "Our Threefold Victory," "Young Men's Christian Associations and their "Work," "The Church and the Children," "The Religion for To-day," and other sermons and essays. He received his degree of D. D. from Union College in 1865 Grace Church is one of the old and wealthy Episcopal organiza- tions of New York. "Worship was held in former times in a very fine structure which stood on the corner of Broadway and Rector street, a little farther down than Trinity Church. The church was an imposing building, and, when that part of the city was the abode of the wealth and fashion of New York, was regarded . as a great ornament, and largely attended by intelligent and influential people. The late Bishop "Wainwright was the rector for many years. At 439 EEV. HENBT 0. POTTEfi, D. D. length a removal to the upper part of Broadway was determined upon, and a location was selected near the corner of Tenth street. At that period this portion of Broadway and the neighboring streets were occupied with private residences, and the idea of the locality being invaded by business was never thought of. A building, which was then regarded as the most elegant and costly in the United States, was constructed, and it at once became the fashionable church of New York. It is probably still the wealthiest congregation of the city, but it is beginning to suffer in attendance from being so far down town. At an early period, and in building the new church, the congregation was much assisted by Trinity Church in the dona- tion of valuable real estate. Kev. Dr. Thomas H. Taylor, was the rector for many years, and remained in charge until his death. Dr. Potter is above the medixim height, finely proportioned, and 'of an erect, graceful bearing. He has a large head, with delicate and intellectual features. His face is ruddy and healthful looking, and his whole appearance gives the impression of a man vigorous and ready for any earnest work. He has a quiet dignity of manner, but is courteous and affable with all. His countenance is very winning, for it has not only the light of a superior intelligence, but it has amiability and goodness as well. You see that he is a man of mental power, and one who is well calculated to be a guide and teacher for other men. But there is a kindness in the calm glance of his eyes, a softness and gentleness in his tone and address, and a geniality and blandness in his manners which show that he is a person of a true and noble heart He is a man for hard work, strict attention to ministerial duty, an eager, laborious student in the most extensive fields of learning. But he is never so much absorbed in his profes- sional Labors that he fails to give evidence of those traits of character which display the sentiment and sympathies of the tender heart. Some men in the midst of an active public career become indifferent to the cultivation of the emotions. They grow severe and rigid in their habits of life and opinions, and look upon the heart as a very weak spot in the human organization. There are other public characters, however, and Dr. Potter is one of them, who always show that they are under control of the heart not less tlian the head. They exhibit it in a larger share of humanity, in drawing nearer to their fellow- men in all personal relations, and in giving force and substance to an actual brotherhood of mankind. All who come in contact with Dr. Potter find him intellectually 440 REV. HBNRT 0. POTTER, D. D. able, but at the same time emphatically a man of soul. Keen and far-reaching as he is in mind, he is likewise gentle and loving in all his emotions. Gather as he may the rich stores of learning, he is not satisfied unless he can spare to others the equally precious treas- ures of a heart open to every sorrow and made gladsome by every joy. His words are always kind, and his sympathy is always sincere. You see all this in his amiable and benevolent countenance, and you are made to feel it in his warm and unselfish actions. If you go to him to learn your moral and religious duty, he thus instructs you, by his example and teachings, in the practice of the cardinal virtues, which render all sorrow and all joy mutual to sympathetic, hearts. Dr. Potter ranks among the most eminent men of the younger portion of the Episcopal clergy. His intellectual attainments are extensive and thorough, and his natural qualities in this particular are of such an order that he is fitted to become one of the soundest and most brilliant thinkers of his time. He excels as a polished and forcible writer. He has easy flow of thought, which is full of vigor and comprehensiveness. It is also characterized by a great deal of manly feeling. There is nothing like insipid sentimentality about what he writes, but it is glowing with the love of a heart which is ever beating in tenderness for his tempted and sin-laden race. , He has marked powers as a pulpit orator. His presence is com- manding, and remarkable for all that grace and impressiveness which a fine person and priestly habiliments' can impart. His style of ad- dress is composed and orderly, and with just sufficient animation to give it effectiveness without giving it too much demonstrative- ness. His voice is rich and fully under his control, and his gesticu- lation is always appropriate. A man of these agreeable personal qualities and of these broad and useful talents is certainly the one who can be the most success- ful in a parish like that of Grace Church. All that he has to do is to give full scope to his great abilities, and let eloquence, learning, and a pure, consistent life do their proper work. The cultivated and influential people to whom he preaches can and will appreciate these qualities, and they have the spirit and the means of every kind to give his labors the most complete and enduring success. 441 REY. HENRY POWERS, PA-STOR OF THE CHTJKCir OF THE MESSIjVH, (UNITA-XIIA^IV,) NE"W YORXC. IEV. HENEY powers was bom at Hadley, Massacnu- setts, December 28th, 1833. His earJy studies were at home, and at the district school and academy. He was graduated at Yale College in 1857, and in theology at the East Windsor Theological Institute in I860. Having accepted a call to the Second Congregational Churcb of West Springfield, Massachusetts, be was ordained and installed in October, 1860. He remained with tbis congregation about four years, and then went to Danbury, Connecticut, as pastor of the Second Congi'egational Church, where he remained about four years. On January 11th, 1869, he was called to become the pastor of the Elm Place Congregational Church, Brooklyn. Mr. Powers commenced his labors on the first Sunday in February, and was duly installed March 8d, of the same year. He remained in this pastorship three years, resigning February 1st, 1872. On Sunday, November 24th, 1872, he was installed pastor of the Second Congregational Unitarian Churcb, otherwise Church of the Messiah, New York, as the successor of the Eev. George H. Hep- worth. Some months previously Mr. Powers bad publicly announced his change of belief to that of the Unitarian sect. Eev. Dr. Samuel Osgood was called to the Church of the Messiah, in 1849, wbo remained until about 1869. He was succeeded by Mr. Hepworth in June 1869, who resigned in 1872. After occupying a church on Broadway for many years, the congregation dedicated their present magnificent structure on tbe comer of Thirty-fourth street and Park avenue, in April, 1867. Unitarianism was introduced in New York city as early as Jan- uary, 1794, by a Mr. John Butler, in a series of lectures. The first sermon was preached by the Rev. Dr. Channing, in a private house, April 25th, 1819. This was the origin of the Church of All Souls, of which Dr, Bellows is pastor, and which was incorporated Nov.- 442 KEY. HENKY POWERS. 15th, 1819, as the First Congregational Unitarian Church of Kew York City. The Eev. William "Ware was its first pastor, from 1821 to 1836. Mr. Powers has a tall and slender figure. He shows an energetic and somewhat impulsive and nervous activity at all times. His head and face are small, but they have very marked characteristics. The whole expression of the face is intellectual, and the full high brow is especially noticeable in this connection. It is readily to be seen that he is a man of large and active brain power. His countenance also shows decision and earnestness, a love of honor and truth, and a genial and cheerful temperament. He has light complexion and hair, and wears whiskers and a moustache. His eyesight has been affected by close study, and he wears spectacles constantly His mannfers are friendly and candid, and his conversation is anirnd,ted and interest- ing. He is a man between whom and other men there is never the slightest barrier to good feeling and brotherly love. Fair, frank,' un- suspicious in his own character and feelings, he throws himself with- out reserve or hesitation upon like characteristics in others. If you have them not he will awaken them ; for his good-nature, his kind- ness of manner, and his friendliness of sentiment will thaw a heart of ice. He has very little, if any, policy ; he is free and unguarded in his opinions, and his sincerity toward you cannot be doubted. Under these circumstances, and with these peculiarities of character, he wins friendship and love, and he, at the same time, kindles your heart and mind to a realization of the same fond impulses which draw him to every man as a friend and brother. If there are studied rules of deportment, and if there are words which must be measured to suit the drift of human policy, he knows nothing about them, and, in fact, despises them. In his contact with men he is' as simple as a child. The laugh that is in him must come out, and the tear that has bubbled from his heart he is not ashamed to let fall. He aims to be natural to the heart's true impulses, and to be honest in language and in deed. He requires no study from the observer, for every word and every action is a truth-teller of his character and nature. Of a character humble and devout, and noble and true ; of a nature simple and trusting, and just and loving. In genial social attributes, and in simplicity and sincerity of character, he is a marked 'example among men. Mr. Powers is no ordinary preacher. He has a mind of his own 443 REV. HENRY POWERS. on theological matters, and his sermons show the original thinker in a striking degree. He has gone deep in his scholarly investiga tions, and he has delved to dispute as well as to learn. He grapples with abstruse questions with the nerve and intelligence of an oldei' scholar, and those who hear or read his meditations, are profoundly impressed with his learned conclusions. Hence all his sermons are scholarly productions. They show thought and feeling. They have a beauty and a force of diction which are very captivating in them- selves; but it is their originality, their strong .and logical arguments, and their thorough infusion of Christian love and hope, which so greatly impress the hearer. He is eloquent and at times impassioned. Fancy, at his bidding, takes a wide flight in all its realm of beauty, and his earnest and ardent heart gives the glow of feeling and sincerity to every word. But he makes this but incidental to the performance. His power of mind is thrown into the argument, and he levels his shafts at the mind of the listener. He wishes not so much to melt the heart as to instruct and convince the reason. Consequently he is an intellectual preacher in the fullest sense, giv- ing time and thought to the preparation of his sermons, and seeking to make them something more than a mere part of the church exercises. And he succeeds pretty well in this. He sends his hearers away with material for many an after hour of reflection. He gives the rules for moral and religious government, but more especially he incites them to an intellectual view of human destiny and salvation. A hard worker with his physical and mental energies, and seek- ing a wide and beneficent influence in the theological world, he is gathering strength which will undoubtedly place him in the foremost rank of the popular preachers and thinkers of his times. At no distant day he also designs to take the field of theological author- ship. 444 REY. GEORGE L. PRENTISS, D. D., ZjAte pa-stok, of the chtjkch ow the oov- )EV. Dr. GEOEGE L. PEENTISS was born at Gorham, Maine, May 12th, 1816. His early studies were at the' academy of his native place, then under the charge of Rev. Reuben Mason, a noted Congregational minister of day. Having entered Bowdoin College, he was graduated 1835. During the two years following he was engaged as an assistant teacher in the Gorham Academy and in a visit to the Southwest, where he had a brother, the celebrated statesman and orator, S. S. Prentiss. In 1838 he went abroad and passed between three and four years in study and travel. About two years were occupied in a theological course at the universities of Halle and Berlin. Returning to the United States, he was licensed as a Con- gregational minister by the Cumberland Association of Ministers, in 1844, and ordained a]id installed in the spring of 1845 at the New Bedford Trinitarian Church. He remained in this position until the autumn of 1850, when he transferred his labor to the Second Pres- byterian Church of Newark, New Jersey, for a short period. On April 30th, 1851, he took charge of the Mercer Street Presbyterian Church, in New York, where he remained until May 3d, 1858, when ill-health obliged him to resign his pastorship. The congregation made a liberal provision for him, and he went abroad, spending two years in Switzerland, France and England. During the winter of 1859-60 he officiated at the American Chapel in Paris. He returned to the United States in the autumn of the latter year. He now determined to found a new church of the New School Presbyterian faith in the upper part of New York, and commenced his services on the last Sunday in November, 1860, in the chapel of the Home of the Friendless, in East Twenty-ninth street, and subse- quently held them at Dodworth Studio Hall, corner of Fifth Avenue and Thirty-sixth street On March 21st, 1862, the Church of the 445 REV. GEOBGE L. PRENTISS, V.J). Covenant was organized, and in November, 1863, the corner-stone of a church edifice was laid on the corner of Park Avenue and Thirty-fifth street. Here a magnificent stone structure has been erected, which in beauty of external and internal design, spacious- ness and general completeness, is equal to any church in the city. The cost of the site, building- and organ was about one hundred and thirty thousand dollars. The church was dedicated April 30th, 1865. The congregation has erected a Memorial Chapel on Forty-second street, near Second avenue. It is for a mission work, and.intended as a memorial of the union of the Old and New School branches of the Presbyterian ehurcL The buildii^g embraces a reading-room, library, and class-rooms, and cost thirty thousand dollars. ■ ■ Dr. Prentiss received his degree of D. D. from Bowdoin College about 1854. He is the author of a memoir of S. S. Prentiss, and has published a variety of sermons and addresses. He. accepted the chair of Theology in the Presbyterian Theological Seminary, of the Northwest, at Chicago, having been elected by the General Assembly, but subsequently declined it. ; On the 27th of April, 1873, he preached a farewell sermon before ,his congregation, having accepted a recently endowed chair of Pastoral Theology, Church Polity and Missionary Work,. in the Union Theological Seminary, New York. We take the following eloquent extract from , an address deliv- ered before the Association of the Alumni of Bowdoin . College, August 8th, 1861 : "This great American system j>{ liberty and social order, like our mother tongue, is a marvellous composite of old and new. It is enriched by the spoils of all time. . Hardly any great State, ancient or modern, but has contributed something to its generous and fair proportions. What would it be if bereft of all it owes to the legislation of Moses and the Hebrew Scriptures ; to the democratic spirit, literature, and heroic examples of Greece; or to the laws and ' jurisprudence of republican and imperial Rome ? It strikes its roots deep into mediaeval and early Christian ages. The best polities of modern Europe helped to form it. The fountain from which it drew, and still. draws, its holiest principles and inspiration, is the New Testament. "Never since the beginning of the world was a people allowed ampler scope freely to avail itself of all the lights of history, and all the aids of reflection, in constructing a system of national polity; and never had a people a richer experience of its 'own, or a more invaluable body of existing laws and institutions wherewith to give harmony, strength, and perpetuity to the new structure. Eor, undoubtedly, the power which above all others inspired and shaped our republican system was the old Anglican liberty which our fathers brought with them across the ocean. This, together with the institutions, which have given it its man'ellous vitality and 446 EBV. GEORGE L. PRENTISS, D. D. strength in the mother eguntry, such as municipal and local self-government, the town meeting, the county court, popular suffrage and representation, the common law, the constable, trial by jury, the local church, the college, the Puritan Sabbath, and the old English Bible — this was and is the noblest substance of our national life. It is a mistake to suppose that our liberty is the fruit of the Revolutionary war. In that war we fought for and wou our independence ; but our most important liberties are « venerable heirloom of the Anglo-Saxon race. They were won for us at Runnymede, and on many a later field renowned in the annals of British free- dom. They were among those ' true, ancient, and indubitable rights and liberties ' of the people of England, asserted and claimed in their memorable Bill oi Rights. Our Declaration of Independence was virtually a re-assertion of these same 'ancient rights and liberties. ' The Articles of Confederation were an attempt to combine and establish them in a 'perpetual union,' and finally the Constitution of the United States organized them into our present system of national government. But, al- though the substance of our liberties was the most precious iuheritanoe which the infant nation brought with it, I need not say how greatly they were increased and invigorated under the hardy discipline of the colonial period and during the terri- ble trials of the Wa,r of Independence, or how, when the time was fully ripe, they were at length perfected in the great Constitution under which we now live. This Constitution was the work of men pre-eminent for public wisdom, zeal, prudence, and magnanimity — men deeply versed in the philosophy of government, " 'Looking before and after — ' " Long reflection, aided by much study and experience, had endowed them with a political sagacity almost intuitive ; and in all this they only represented the en- lightened popular instincts of the country. A more upright, single-hearted, admirable body of patriots never sat in council. They were worthy to be presided over by Washington. " ' Great men were then among us ; hands that penned. And tongues that uttered wisdom ; better none. They knew how genuine glory was put on ; Taught us how rightfully a nation shone In splendor.' " Dr. Prentiss is above the medium height, rather spaie, erect, and full of activity. His head is more long than round, with a thin face, and small, well-molded features. His forehead is particularly con- spicuous from its heighth and breadth, and shows him to be a man of large mental capacity. He has small, deep-set. light eyes, of a gentle expression, but which have a great deal of fire and decision in them when the feelings are called into action. He exhibits consider- able reserve and dignity, but he is readily approachable to all, and is not wanting in genial and social characteristics. Dr. Prentiss is a man of most extensive learning, and, in fact, one of the ablest American minds of the day. His studies have been varied, and his researches have had that enlarged scope which 447 EEV. GEORGE L. PRENTISS, D. D. men give to them only when sustained by tireless energies and the clear, grasping mind. Whatever he has done in the way of learning has been done thoroughly, and now in the prime of his life he is recognized as a profound thinker, not only on theological, but all the learned and current subjects of the day. When you see him in the pulpit, you are struck with his digni- "fied, intellectual appearance, but he no sooner speaks than you begin to doubt his having anything more than ordinary ability. His voice at first is weak, and has a very decided lisp, and altogether he seems a man but little calculated to address a public andience with effect But as you listen you become aware that his discourse is a composi- tion written with unusual care, and in which there is great choiceness and force of language ; and then as he warms with his theme his voice has more power, and the lisp almost disappears. His argu- ments are those not merely of a man thoroughly versed in his sub- ject, but of one bold enough to say what he thinks and feels ; and, while there are constant passages of smoothly worded and inspiring eloquence, there is likewise full evidence that every word has been weighed to give it the most complete force of moral and religious expression. In truth, his discourse is found to have everything of literary ability in it, as its delivery has much that is of the highest order of oratorical excellence; but the strength and power of the appeal comes, after all, less from these than from its solemn moral and religious tone. The question with regard to Dr. Prentiss, as with every other public man, is what has he contributed, by his talents and toil, to the benefit of his race ? The answer is the marked success of a ministry of a quarter of a century, culminating in the founding of one of the largest and most opulent churches of New York, and such contributions of thought to the theological, political, and secu- lar literature of his time as will maintain their place for generations living and yet to come. US HEY. THOMAS S. PRESTON, f»jVSTOR OF THJE CUTJKCH OF ST. A.N1V, (C^THO- XJIC) NEW YOKIt. EV. THOMAS S. PRESTON v\-as born in the State of ConnecticTit, in 1824. He was graduated with distin- guished honors at Trinity College, Hartford, and was or- dained a minister of the Protestant Episcopal Church in 1846. Subsequently he was assistant minister at the Church of Annunciation (Dr. Seabnry's), New York City, and at St Luke's Church, of which the well-known Rev. Dr. John M. Forbes was then the rector. At that period the Episcopal Church in this country was greatly agitated by the sectarian movement of Dr. Pusey of England. Va- rious prominent clergymen were led to embrace Catholicism, and among these were both the subject of this notice and Dr. Forbes, who were received into the communion of the Roman Catholic Church, in 1849. In 1850, Mr. Preston was ordained a priest and appointed as assistant pastor at the St. Patrick's Cathedral. In 1855 he was appointed Chancellor of the diocese, a position which he still holds. Dr. Forbes had been appointed pastor of St. Ann's Church ; but in 1859, he withdrew from the Church of Rome, and returned to the jurisdiction of the Episcopal Church. In 1861 Father Preston was appointed to St. Ann's, and for twelve years has discharged the duties with remarkable efS.ciency, in connection with those of Chan- cellor. Finding a few years since that the Church and school build- ings, on Eighth street and Fourth Avenue, did not provide sufficient accomodation for the wants of the important parish, he effected the purchase of the Temple Emanuel, of the Jewish congregation to which it belonged, in Twelfth street, with other property in the rear. The bunding was altered and improved, and a fine school building erected. The congregation is numerous and flburishing. The historv of the Roman Catholic sect in the city of New York 449 REV. THOMAS S. PEESTON. may here be briefly given. As early as 1629, there were Oatholica on Manhattan Island. However, in 1696, a census taken by the Mayor to see how many of the faith were in the city, discovered only nine persons. Yerj severe laws were enacted against the Catholics, as well as tTie QuakerSj Jews, and other sects. Some of the imported negro slaves are said to have been Catholics. John Ury, who was executed for participation in the celebrated Negro Plot to burn the city in 1741, was charged with being a Catholic priest, a crime not less criminal in the provinca He was a schoolmaster of before ir- reproachable character, and was convicted on very shallow testimony. Governor Clark wrote a letter, stating that the Spaniards were send- ing Jesuits into the country, disguised as schoolmasters- and danciiig- masters, to create revolt among the negroes, and advised the con- viction of Ury. This man undoubtedly died the iirst religious martyr in the New World. An old chronicler says, " Eoman Catholics, and the cry of ' Church and State in danger' were often witnessed on elec- tion and other occasions in New York, also ' high and low Church' were resounded. ' No bishop' could be seen in capitols, on fences, eta A man did not dare to avow him a Catholic,, it was odious ; a chapel then would have been pulled down." The French Jesuit missionaries from Canada, preached among each tribe of the great Five Nations of Indians in the province of New York, and converted thousands of them. In 1683, under Governor Dougan, a Catholic, the desires of the people for a popular govern- ment were gratified. The first general assembly was convoked, and the rights of religious belief were guaranteed, Dougan also founded a college and brought English Jesuits thereto. Under him also an Irish colony settled in New York. In 1777, owing to the influence of John Jay, an article was inserted in the State Constitution declar- ing that no Papist could be naturalized. The first Catholic Church, St Peter's, was buUt in 1786 on Barclay street, when there were some two hundred Catholics in the city. For thirty years St. Peter's was the only Catholic Church, when St. Patrick's Cathedral was built on the corner of Mott and Prince streets. In 1820 Christ Church on Ann street became a Catholic Church, then the Eeformed Presbyterian on Chamber street, the Universalist on Astor place, and then the Presbyterian on the same street In 1826, the number of Catholics had increased to thirty-five thousand, who had the ser- vices of four priests. The See of New York was erected in 1808, and raised to the dignity of an Archbishopric in 1850. The first 450 REV. THOMAS S. PRESTON. Bishop, Eight Eev. Luke Congannon, 0. P. was consecrated April 24th, 1808, and died January 3d, 1810. Right Rev. John Connolly, 0. P. was consecrated Bishop November 16th, 1814, and died July, 1825; Right Rev. John Dubois, D. D., was consecrated October, 1826, and died January, 1842 ; Most Rev. John Hughes, D. D., was consecrated Co-Adjutor Bishop January 7th, 1838, created first Archbishop 1850, and died Jan. 3d, 1864. The present Archbishop, Most Rev. John Mc Oloskey, D. D., was consecrated Oo-Adjutor to Right Rev. John Hughes, D. D., transferred to the diocese of Albany May 21st, 1847, and succeeded to the See of New York May 6th, 1864. la 1840 the number of churches in the city was seven, in 1850 eighteea, in 1860 twenty-nine, and in 1873 forty-ona At the last named date there were more than one hundred priests of&oiatingin thecdty, and two hundred and twenty -nine in the whole diocese, and between tour and five hundred thousand worshipers attended the city churches. Father Pi-eston has published several religious and devotional works. Among these may be mentioned '' Controversy, of Reason and Revelation," " Lectures on Christian unity,!' and a volume of sermons. , , It has never beendoubted by. those who are aware of the ability of the man, that the Protestant Church lost much in both clerical schol- arship and efficiency by the seoessJon' of Father Preston. This has also been fully established by what he has accomplished in the com- munion of Rome. He has not been satisfied to be simply a worker in .the line of his priestly duties, but he has become one of the most ag- fgressive and learned champions. of her faith. True, and humble in ihis servitude to her doctrines, and the obligations imposed upon him, joyous and zealous in his convictions, though a convert from Protest- .,antism,.he has made use of his learning as a theologian most effect- ually, for the. upholding of her tenets, and the enlargement of her flocks. He writes with the ease and force: which come from natural gifts, learning,' and personal sympathy with his tlieme. He always i^ the master of his. subject, and his sincere and ardent feelings are not less . involved and expressed. As a preacher he is eloquent and devout He speaks in tenderness, and with the glow of enthusiasm,, but with positiveness of assertion. Indifferent to. all labor, he is one of the - most farrseeing and industrious of the whole piiesthood in New York. He has a round head, with regular features ; in his manners he is plain and frank, ,and in his temperment he is cheerful and hopeful. , 451 REY. JOSEPH H. PRICE, D. D., RECTOK OF ST. STEPHEN'S E PISCOJPA.I:. CIIUKCH, NEW YOKK. I EV. DR. JOSEPH H. PRICE was bom in Boston. He was graduated at Brown CTniversity, Providence, in 1825, and pursued a theological course privately in Boston, with Bishops Doane and Alonzo Potter, then rectors of churches in that city. He was ordained a deacon of the Epis- «S copal church in 1829, and priest in 1830. About two years were spent in missionary labor in different parts of Massachusetts, and in the temporary supply of the pulpits of St Paul's Church, Salem, and Grace Church, Providence. An invitation to Gardiner, Maine, and another to Portland, were declined during the same period. After being assistant of Dr. Hawk, at St Thomas', New York,' he accepted a call to St Paul's, Albany, about 1833, where he remained three years and a half In July, 1837, he became rector at St Stephen's Church, New York, which is his position at this time. St Stephen's parish was organized in 1805, by persons who withdrew from Zion Church, then in Mott street, and selected for their first rector a Mr. Shoebeck. The late Bishop Moore, of Virginia, was also rector for some five years. Some years since the church, an ancient looking brick building on the comer of Broome and Chrystie s reets, was sold. The congregation now worship in an edifice purchased by them, in West Forty-sixth street, in 1873, of the church of the Advent, the two congregations becoming united. Dr. Price is an active man in his denomination, and belongs to' what is known as the high church party. A warm partisan of the late Bishop Benj. T. Ondprdonk, he is still a disbeliever in the charges for which that prelate was suspended. He was president of the diocesan convention of 1861, and represented the diocese in the general convention of 1863. He has been president of the Missionary Committee, and is now chairman of the Standing Committee, and ti'ustee of the Episcopal General Theological Seminary, vice-president 452 REV. JOSEPH H. of the Bible and Common Prayer Book Society and Tract Society, and a member of the Executive Committee of the Church Book Society. His degree of D. D. was received from Columbia College. Dr. Price is above the average height, and of venerable appearance. His head is one of the round, trim-looking sort, with silver-gray hair, well-marked features, and a most agreeable countenance. He looks as he is, a man of intelligence, frank, unassuming manners, and a good heart. He is social and cheerful, showing that neither the frosts of age nor the experience of a prolonged life have in any manner affected spirits naturally genial. "When he meets you he has a pleasant smile and a warm grasp of the hand, and even a stranger can feel no reserve with him. Then there is such freedom from all disguise in his sentiments, and he is so chatty and kindly, that he secures not only attention, but regard. A conscientious Christian in all his habits and intercourse, he is not lacking in the dtie practice of those other qualities which best display the gentleman and man. Dr. Price's sermons are excellent moral lessons. His delivery is rapid, and his voice is loud. He is almost without gesture of any kind. As a teacher of truths, and as a guide in all the proprieties of morals and religion, as well as a genial associate in the private walks of life, he is greatly valued, 453 REV. SAMUEL IREMUS PRIME, D.D., EDITOK. OF" THE JVEW YORK: OBHEHVEB. ^EV. DR'SAMUEL.IEEN^US PRIME was born at Ballston, Saratoga County, New York, November 4th, 1812. He is an elder brother of the well-known author, William 0. Prime. At the age of thirteen years he entered Williams College, and was graduated in 182&. Having concluded a course at the Princeton Theological Seminary, he became a member of the Presbyterian church ; but, in 1840, from ill-health, was obliged to abandon regular preaching. He then became associated in the editorial charge of the New York Observer, one of the chief organs of the Presbyterian denomination. For more than thirty years his able pen has been employed editorially, and as a literary contributor and traveling correspondent in this paper. His contributions, under the signature of "Irenseus," have had great pop- ularity, and under his management the Observer has taken the rank of one of the leading religious journals, and been also noted for its conservative political views. In 1855, he published "Travels in Europe and the East," in two volumes, and a work on Switzerland. These works were the results of an extended journey in Europe and Asia, in 1853. He is also the author of several volumes of a religious character, including "Thottghts on the death of Little Children," and " The Power of Piayer." The last named is a sketch of the Fulton Street Prayer Meeting, in New York, and has been translated into several European languages. More recently he has traveled exten- sively in other directions, and written another fascinating volume, entitled "The Alhambra and the Kremlin— The South and the North of Europe." Another recent book is called "Under the Trees." He was Chairman of the Committee having charge of the meeting of the Evangelical Alliance in New York, in 1873, and 45i BEV. SAMUEL IHEN^TJS PRIME, D. D. mucli of the success of that great Christian gathering was due to his efforts. In May, 1874, he was elected one of the Vice Presidents of the American Tract Society in the place of the Eev. Dr. Gardiner Spring, deceased. During all the years of his retirement from the active ministry, Dr. Prime has occasionally preached, sometimes, indeed, supplying the pulpits of absent ministers for a considerable period. His learn- ing and literary gifts make his sermons highly attractive, and his services have been eagerly sought for in the manner stated. But his chief popularity has arisen from his writings in the Observer, and his books. In the first his style is clear and vigorous, with the intro- duction of an exquisite humor in some of his lighter articles ; and in the second he writes with most brilliant descriptive powers, mak- ing every scene and object as vivid as apt and graceful language can depict it, and treating all moral and social questions with a deep, philosophical reflectiveness. In appearance he is about of the medium height and sparely made. His head is of the intellectual type, with a face of exceeding amiabil- ity. His manners are unassuming and polite, and he is of an unusually cheerful, genial disposition. He is fond of social life, especially with high-bred and Christian people, and on such occasions is the life of the cii'cle. The country and flowers, and children, and everything that is beautiful and pure, attract and delight him. His far-off travels, his rambles at home, his association with the high and learned of al- most all lands, his scholarly attainments, and his literary talents, are all matters which serve to give a charm and infliience to his society. Those who know him intimately, esteem and love him, while by the public at large he is regarded as one of the strong men for all good worka 455 REV. JAMES M. PULLMAN, P^STOrt OV THE SIXTH TJNIV3i:iS,lSA.Il.IST CHURCH, TfE^^ YOKB:. |EV. JAMES M. PULLMAN was born at Portland, Chatauque county, New York, August 21st, 1836. His early academic studies were under Eev. Dr. French, at the Albion Academy, Albion, Orleans county. He studied theology at the St. Lawrence Divinity School, at Canton, where he was graduated in 1861. Having accepted a call to the First Universalist Church of Troy, he was ordained and installed to its pastorship in May, 1862. His ministrations were very successfal in this field, and he remained in it for six years and eleven months. About this period the Sixth society of New York was obliged to give up their pastor, the Eev. Elbridge Grerry Brooks, who had ac- cepted a position in connection with the Board of Missions, and Mr. Pullman received a call to this church. He accepted, and entered upon his duties in March, 1868. Universalism was first preached in the city of New York by Eev. Jobn Murray, in September, 1770, which had then a population of fifteen or eighteen thousand. He preached in the Baptist Meeting House on " Golden Hill," somewhere in the vicinity of the present Grold street It is stated that he had large congregations, and on his re- turn to preach again in the following year was received with great enthusiasm. He made a third visit, but declined to remain perma- nently. After the close of the revolution, two eminent physicians of the city, Dr. Josepb Young and Dr. William Pitt Smith, published books against the doctrine of endless misery. In 1793 the first Universalist periodical ever published in America was issued in New York, called The Free Universal Magazine, of which two numbers were issued in New York, and two afterward in Baltimore. Prior to 1800, Eev. Edward Mitchell, a seceder from the Metho- dists, established a new congregation called " The Society of United Christian Friends," who held to the doctrine of the final salvation of 456 KEV. JAMES M. PULLMAN. all mankind, but were never in actual fellowsliip with the Univer- salist denomination. At first they worshiped in Vandewater street ; and subsequently a church was created for their use in Magazine (now Pearl) street, between Broadway and Chatham street. This was the first church ever built in the State of New York dedicated to the service of God as the Saviour of all men. Mr. Mitchell preached with success, and a large church was erected at the corner of Duane street and City Hall Place. Mr. Mitchell died in 1835, and the Society then called Rev. Mr. Pickering; but it declined in num- bers, and finally became extinct This Mr. Mitchell was an eloquent man, and his preaching was one of the sensations of that day. In a Fast-day sermon preached during the prevalence of the yellow fever, in 1822, by the celebrated Rev. Dr. Samuel H. Cox, then a minister of the city, he gave as one reason for the prevalence of the fever that " Universalism was in its meridian in New York," and said " there were thousands who be- lieved but would not avow it : that the preachers were murderers of men's souls, making men the most profligate while living and the most desperate sinners when they die." One of Mr. Mitchell's ser- mons was sent to the Doctor, with a request that he would examine it, and point out everything he might find in it "calculated to bring down the wrath of God upon the city.'' The sermon was returned with the leaves uncut, and in the same envelope in which it was sent, with these words upon it: " Procul, procul, este profani F which means, " Far away, far away, ye profane !" ' In June of the same year Mrs. Marie Townsend was excommuni- cated from Dr. Spring's Brick Presbyterian Church on account of her faith in Universalism. The Session passed the following sen- tence : "Whereas, Marie Townsend had been, by sufficient proof, conTicted of persever- ing disbelief of the doctrines of the everlasting punishment of the -wicked, and, after much admoiiition and prayer, obstinately refusing io hear the Church, and hath manifested no evidence of repentance; therefore, in the name and by the authority of the Lord Jesus Christ, this Session pronounce her to be excluded from the communion of the Church." Dr. Spring pronounced the excommunication fi:om the pulpit on the following Sunday in these words : "It has become my painful duty to announce that Marie Townsend, a member of this church, has for two years past persevered in denying the doctrine of the ever- lasting punishment of the wicked, and has presented her children for dedication at a place of pretended worship, where the doctrine is taught that the wicked shall be saved as well as the nght^ouB." 457 REV. JAMES M. PULLMAN. In the STimmer of 1823 the Second Society of United Christian Friends was formed, and they erected a church on the corner of Prince and Orange streets. Eev. Nehemiah Dodge, a convert from the Baptists, had charge of this congregation ; and after him Kev. Abner Kneeland, of Philadelphia, who afterward went over to a desperate infidelity. In 1829, a small body of seceders from Mr. Mitchell's and Kneeland's congregations formed a society, and pur- chased a little chapel in Grand street, opposite the head of Division street Eev. Dr. Sawyer, now eminent in the Universalist denomina- tion, but then just out of college, became the pastor of this Society in April, 1830, it having only eleven members. In 1831, Philo Price started the Christian Messenger, which ruined him. The paper is still in existence, and is called the Christian Ambassador. In 1832, Dr. Sawyer hired a church in Orchard street, which was after- wards purchased by his congregation. The Third Society, now wor- shiping in Bleecker street, originated in 1834, and the first meetings were held in a little church in Sixth avenue, opposite Amity street Later, the Fourth Society, now Dr. Chapin's, was organized, and after several removals a church on Fifth avenue was erected. The Fifth Society was organized in the neighborhood of the Dry Dock, and was finally located in a church in Fourth street, near Avenue C, but is now disbanded. The Sixth Universalist Society, or Church of Our Saviour, now under the pastorship of Mr. Pullman, was organized in 1851, with a few members. In 1852, the Eev. Nelson Snell was called as the first pastor. The first preaching was in a hall corner of Eighth avenue and West Twenty-fifth street but the' congregation pur- chased a church and adjoining dwelling-house in Twenty-fourth street, near Ninth avenue, for $6,500. This church was occupied January 23d, 1853, and on the 23d of June following was reorganized with twenty members. Mr. Snell resigned after a pastorship of more than two years, and was succeeded by the Eev. Asher Moore, who remained three years. In July, 1858, the Eev. J. H. Shepherd became the pastor, but resigned after a pastorate of one year. Dur- ing his term of service a church in West Twentieth street was pur- chased, and after being refitted at considerable expense, was opened for worship on Sunday, May 22d, 1859. Mr. Brooks succeeded Mr. Shepherd, and received installation on the first Sunday of November, 1859. He remained with the congregation eight years, and during this time the congregation increased, and a church edifice in West 458 REV. JAMES M. PULLMAN. Thirty-fiftli street, near Sixth avenue, was purchased and occupied The church in Twentieth street was sold in 1856, and for nearly a year the society worshiped in Everett Hall, corner of Broadway and Thirty-fourth street They expected to have bought ground and built a church, but at length the Episcopal Church of the Eesurrec- tion (Eev. Dr. Flagg's), and rectory adjoining, were purchased for the sum of thirty-four thousand dollars, and soon after taken possession of. In 1873 this property was sold, and a new church is to be built The prosperity of this and the other Societies of the denomina- tion, shows that the TJniversalists have come forth from the back streets and dingy halls of former times. They no longer go to their places of devotion with every man's finger pointed at them as the accursed of the city. They have built churches on the grand avenues and best streets ; they have social influence and wealth, and they have learned and eloquent ministers. These ministers, too, are no longer mere enthusiasts, seeking notoriety or martyrdom through the ad- vocacy of an unpopular belief, but they are men educated to their calling, and able to defend what they preach fronj a standpoint of scholarship. They have schools, colleges, and universities, and, in a word, they have command of all of those facilities which are necessary for the permanency and success of their sect, as one of the religious bodies of the land. To reach this position it has taken in New York,- one hundred years of fidelity to principle, of moral heroism under discouragement, and of social ban and martyrdom. Mr. Pullman is a representative man in organizing and conduct- ing the religious work of his denomination. His energy and practi- cal judgment, pre-eminently fit him for t'lese duties. In 1869 he organized and become President of the Universalist Young Men's Christian Association, of New York, which has Librarj'^ and Read- iug Rooms in Sixth avenue. He was elected in the same year Secre- tary of the General Convention, the body which directs the affairs of the denomination at large. Mr. Pullman is of the medium height, and well-proportioned He has a good-sized head, and regular, rather handsome features. His eyes are clear, with a modest glance ; and his whole face shows him to be a person of genial and kindly characteristics. His man- ners are natural and unaffected He does not dress at all in the clerical style, and he might as readily pass for a merchant as a divina In fact, the avoidance of everything to call him personally into 159 KEV. JAMES M. PULLMAN. notice is one of the rules of his life. He is a warm-hearted man, a good husband, a gentle father, and has all those ardent and sym- pathetic feelings of the heart which lend such a charm to social ties and interminglings. He carries smiles and cheerfulness wherever he goes ; and there are few men who are more warmly regarded in per- sonal friendship than himself. He is a hard worker in the ministry. Universalist ministers have in no sense an easy office. They must study hard, and be ready at all times to meet the assaults which learning, and ignorance as well, make upon their faith. Mr. Pullman is one of the kind who is al- ways ready for the enemy, and always at his post expecting him. His mind is clear, fertile, and active, and his powers of argument and explanation are strong and comprehensive, and well suited to the task of expounding the Scriptures. In conversation and public speaking he has a pleasant and winning voice, and his manners are always gentle and fascinating. His people become strongly attached to him,, and even strangers are always favorably impressed. He is a faithful pastor, and is held in high esteem by his ministerial brethren for 'his talents and conscientious labors. Mr. Pullman is a man who is well calculated to spread his faith, and also maintain the rising reputation of his denomination. He has marked talents in the pulpit and out of it for his ministerial work, and he has a force of character and a personal dignity which will always maintain him reputably in his public position. The cause of Universalism will make no backward strides while in his hands; but, on the contrary, will receive all the advantages which must arise from his diligence in duty, and earnest religious life. 460 REY. ALFRED P. PUTMM, D. D., PASTOK. OF THE CHXJKCH OF THE SA-VIOtJH, (VNITAJElXA.Ti,) BROOK^HiYN. EV. DE. ALFEED P. PUTNAM was born at North Danvers, Mass., January 10th, 1827. His father was the Hon. Elias Putnam, a prominent and. influential man in Essex County. Like all the; Putnams in the land he was descended from John Putnam, who came to this country from England in 1634, and settled in Salem, Mass. The father and mother of Elias were Israel and Anna Putnam. Anna's maiden name was Endicott, and she was a lineal descendant of John Endi- cott, the old Puritan Governor of Massachusetts. Dr. Putnam is the eighth of a family of eleven children. An older brother, Israel Alden Putnam, was a graduate of the Theological School at Cam- bridge, Mass., in 1848, and died in October of the same year. He was a man of noble promise, and his sudden death was deeply and widely lamented. The subject of our notice received his earlier education at various academies. At fifteen years of age he was clerk in the Bank of his native town, of which his father was for some time the honored President, and was engaged in 1846-7 as bookkeeper to Messrs. Allen & Minot, Boston. He spent a year at Dartmouth College, whence he proceeded to Brown University, where he was graduated in 1852. He then taught a High School at Wenham, Mass., for six months, when he entered the Divinity School at Harvard, where he was graduated July 17th, 1855, having been licensed to preach the winter previous by the Boston Association of Ministers. He had calls to settle at Watertown, Bridgewater, Sterling, and Eoxbury, choosing the last, where he assumed, on December 19th, 1855, the pastorship of the Mount Pleasant Congregational Unitarian Church. He was married January 10th, 1856, to Miss Louise P. Preston, daiighter of Samuel Preston, Esq., of Danvers, who died June 12th, 1860, leaving no child- ren. He entered into a second maiTiage, December 27th, 1866, to 461 EEV. ALFRED P. PUTNAM, D. D. Miss Eliza King Buttrick, daughter of Ephraim Buttrick, Esq., of Cambridge, formerly a prominent member of the Middlesex bar. By this union there have been born four children. The affliction caused by the death of his first wife and ill-health, induced him to seek a change of scene and climate. On May 28th, 1862, he sailed from Bos- ton on an extended tour in Europe, Egypt, and the Holy Land, reaching Boston again, after an absence of nearly sixteen months, September 16th, 1863. His travels have formed subjects for various lectui-es, and also articles for papers and magazines. One course was upon the History and Euins of Egypt, another on his travels over the Desert and in Palestine, and a third on the Eeligious Aspects of Europe. On September 28th, 1864,^ Dr. Putnam was installed as pastor of the Church of the Saviour, Brooklyn, to which he had been called as the successor of the Eev. Dr. Frederick A. Farley. The Society is large, and one of the wealthiest in Brooklyn. Unitarian worship was first held in Brooklyn on Sunday, August 17th, 1833. Previous to this time, most of the persons of that faith attended the churches in New Tork. The Eev. David H. Barlow was the first pastor of the Society, which took the name of the First Unitarian Church of Brooklyn, serving nearly four years. On' April 11th, 1838, the Eev. Frederick W. Holland was ordained a min- ister of the Society, and labored in the pastorship until April 1st, 1842. Disaffection in the Society had led to the formation of a second church, which held its first public worship January 3d, 1841. Eev. Frederick A. Farley conducted the services, and was called as the first pastor, beginning his permanent work in August of the same year. . On the Ist. of November, the Society organized under the name of the Second Unitarian Church of Brooklyn, being mostly composed of members who had withdrawn from the First Church. Later the two Societies were united under the coi-porate name of the First Unitarian Congregational Church of Brooklyn. Mr. Farley preached at the first service of the consolidated Society, on the first Sunday of April, 1842, and on the 31st of May, was unanimously elected the pastor. On the 24th of April, 1844, the elegant and im- posing brown-stone Gothic Church now occupied by the congregation, on the corner of Pierrepont street and Monroe Place, was dedicated with most interesting services. Mr. Farley was installed ,on the fol- lowing da:y. The entire cost of the land, church furniture, etc., was Sk34 949.61 : the edifice was dedicated as the Church of the Saviour. '^ ' 462 BEV. ALFRED P. PUTNAM, D. D. The high character of the members, and the pre-eminent fitness of the pastor for his work, soon gave the Society an importance in the community, which it has never lost. After twenty-two years of ser- vice in Brooklyn, Dr. Farley resigned his position, and preached his farewell sermon in November, 1863. Dr. Putnam was called May 2d, 1864, and iiistalled in the following September. In 1850, this Society witnessed the formation of a Second Uni- tarian Church in Brooklyn, and in 1867, contributed $10,000 for the erection of Unity Chapel for a Third Society. Other works of the Society were the establishment of its Furman street mission school, in 1865, and of the Brooklyn Liberal Christian Union, one of the most deserving institutions of the city, about the same period. In 1865-66 it erected the beautiful chapel which adjoins the church at a cost of $20,000, and in 1866 spent $6,000 in repairs on the church edifice. It has not a cent of debt, and means to have none. Its contributions are always most liberal. There are about two hun- dred and fifty communicants, more than a hundred of whom have united with the church during the present pastorate. When in Massachusetts Dr. Putnam became a constant contrib- utor to the Monthly Religious Magazine published in Boston. Many political and anti-slavery articles from his pen appeared in the Roocbury Journal, and the Christian Enquirer, published in New York. He was actively identified with the anti-slavery agitation in New England ; and more recently he has taken a great interest in political reform. He is now a contributor to the Unitarian Review, Liberal Christian, and other denominational publications. Before Lyceums and Literary Institutions he has delivered lec- tures and addresses on a variety of subjects, among others on " The North American Indian;" "Greece and the Eevolution of 1843 ;" " Histoiy of the Art of Printing ;" " The Education of Women ;" " America seen at a distance ;" " The Nile ;" " The World's Debt to Egypt ;" and " History of Universalism in the Old World and the New." In 1862, at the dinner of Americans in London to celebrate the 4th of July, he replied most eloquently to the toast, " The Con- stitution of the United States." During the winter of 1867-8, he gave to his people and the public a course of Sunday evening lectures on the " Eeligions of Antiquity," — of Egypt, Greece, Eome, Persia, China, Arabia, and India ; and in 1872-73, he delivered a course of nine lectures on " Sacred Songs and Singers." He has published eight sermons on the following subjects : " On the death of 463 BEV. ALFRED P. PUTNAM, D, D. Eev. George Bradford ;" " A Happy New Year ;" " Oa the Death of Edward Everett ;" " Freedom and Largeness of the Christian Faith;" " TJnitarianism in Brooklyn ;" " The Unitarian Denomination in America, Past and Present ;" "Tribute to the Memory of Mrs. Elizabeth Franklin Andree ;" " Broken Pillars ;" a lecture on " The Life to Come ;" and a controversial tract entitled. " Can Two walk together except they be Agreed ?" These and all his other produc- tions have had a wide circle of readers by reason of their unusual brilliancy of scholarship and composition. The feast is a rich one to partake of, but we can only permit ourselves a single brief extract from the lecture, " The Life to Come." " The rest of the soul — what is it? It is indeed a sense of divine faTor ; it is a consciousness of purity; it is a likeness to Christ, and oneness with God; it is harmony in its fullest, highest meaning. But it is something beside . all this, and something upon which all this is conditioned, and with which it is forever associated, — a wise and vigorous exercise of the powers and faculties of our God- given natures. Growth is a law of our being, and it is dependent upon activity. With- out work, struggle, and aspiration, we are not happy : we rust, and we retrograde. There is always a keen delight in putting forth our energies for some noble object or end ; and it is thus that we inevitably develop into what is larger and better. The life of Heaven hereafter as now, is a life of constant, ceaseless exertion, while it must needs be iree from the pain, fatigue, weariness, and discomforts which so often attend the exertions of the body here. It is because we always in our minds associate these with the idea of action that we so often indulge the hope that our future state will be one of profound tranquility and inertia. But these constitute no part of the inheritance of the blessed life that is to be ; unencumbered and unembar- rassed by the ills of the flesh and the hindrances of its present material surroundings, the soul will there enjoy a freedom which it here has never known, and the very awak- ening and tension of its glorious, unfettered, and emancipated strength, will be to itazestand joy more blissful far than the most favored condition of supine, igno- ble security of which it can possibly conceive. It is thus and thus alone, that the immortal spirit ascends for ever and ever, nearer and still nearer to God, more and more comes to be like God, and loses itself deeper and deeper in God's bosom of immeasurable and eternal love." Dr. Putnam is of a tall, compact, erect figure, with a pale com- plexion and sandy hair and whiskers. He has a large round head ; the expression of his face gives the highest token of amiability, cul- tivated breeding, and mental capacity. With the thoughtful, com- posed countenance there is the bright, beaming eye, ever kindling with the heart's best sympathies, and with a dignified reserve there is an honest cordiality. A glance shows you that he is one of those calm natures guided almost wholly by reflection. He is never moved by mere impulse ; he has no excitability, but the most insignificant and the most important acts are alike subjected to mental considera REV. AL!FEED p. PUTNAM, D. D. tion. Hence to ardent temperaments lie seems cold, and sometimes stern ; but, after all, the coldness and severity are entirely in the out- ward man, having no relation to the heart when once reached. Amia- ble in the extreme, gentle as a child, nobly sincere, his susceptibili- ties are tender and true, though somewhat guarded by a natural and unconscious reserve. Dr. Putnam preaches with much effectiveness. His style of speak- ing is subdued, and without much gesture, but his language has all the power which scholarly finish and earnest sincerity can impart to it There is great comprehensiveness in his thoijght, and, hje., is able to give expression to it in terms of rare conciseness, and not less of beauty. All that he says has this vigor of meaning and forpe of ap- plication, and much of it is delivered in the most classic and glowing picturings of eloquence. In his argument he addresses himself to an elaborate and practical consideration of his subject, and you are led along with him, without tediousness, but rather allured by the at- tractive interweavings of a warm and chaste fancy. No intelligent person need be told of the irresistible fascination of polished diction, and of the majestic utterance in language which rolls its awakening echoes upon the understanding, as the reverberating thunder startles the timid heart And herein is it that this gifted preacher excels. Your attention is instantly riveted by the smoothness of his periods, and the elegance of sentiment which usher you to profound discus- sion and lofty imagery. From his pen and his lips the English tongue speaks in its grand completeness, and mental inspiration attains its sublimer conceptions. He received his degree of D. D. from his Alma Mater, Brown University, in 1871. He belongs to the old or Channing school of Unitarianism. Hold- ing to his particular tenets with all the strength of his intellect and his love, he stands prominent among their ablest expounders, and in a pure, consistent life seeks their practioal illustration before his fel- low-men. 465; MY. DANIEL McL. QUACKENBUSH, D. D., I»A.STOK. OF THE PROSPECT HII^TU HEFOllMEX* CHUBCJLI, EIGHTY-nETJH STREET, NE^W YOKIt. IeV. DE. DANIEL McL. QUACKBNBUSH was born in the citj of New York, March 9th, 1819. His early stu- dies were at the High School in Crosby street, of which Professor Grriscom, a noted Quaker scholar of that day, was the principal. Among the pupils of this school, who have distinguished themselves, may be mentioned Captain James Lawrence, of the United States Navy, who fell on board the Chesa- peake; ex-Judge Eoosevelt, and Daniel Lord, of the New York bar, and Hon. Schuyler Colfax. Dr. Quackenbush was graduated at Golnmbia College in 1836, and in theology at the Seminary of the Eeformed Church at New Brunswick in 1839. He was licensed by the Presbytery of New York in 1840, and in the following year was ordained and installed by 'the Presbytery of Cambridge, as pastor of the Presbyterian church at Hebron, Washington county. New York, where he remained five years. He then went to a leading Ee- formed church in Ulster county, New York, which position he held two years, and then went to the Eeformed church at Fish- kill-on-the-Hudson, where he remained four years. His next field of labor was a chapel of the Eeformed church on the Heights, Brooklyn, situated in Summit street. South Brooklyn, where he was engaged three years,' when he was called to the Eeformed church at Hastings, New York, where he remained two years, and then went to his pre- sent position as pastor of the Prospect Hill Eeformed church, in Eighty-fifth street. He received his degree of D. D. from the Uni- ' versity of New York about 1863. This church was organized in 1860. The first preaching was in a little hall at the corner of Eighty-sixth street and Third avenue, but during the first year a temporary building was put up on Third avenue, between Eighty-seventh and Eighty-eighth streets. In January, 186i, Dr. Quackenbush commenced his duties as the first 466 EEV. DANIEL MCL. QUACKENBUSH, D. D. pastor. The congregation increased, and, after a few years, it be- came necessary to provide other accommodations. In 1867, an edifice on Eighty-fifth street, between Second and Third avenue, formerly occupied by the Episcopal Church of the Eedeemer, was purchased by the Eeformed church congregation, and, after extensive improvements, occupied by them. Dr. Quackenbush is about of the medium height, equally propor- tioned, and erect He has a head of ample size, with good features. He is not a showy or a demonstrative man, but he has the valuable quality of bringing a large amount of practical judgment to bear in all cases, and thus wields as much power as those who make more preteutiona While there is a measure of dignity about his manners, they are invariably courteous and genial. He has a good flow of language in conversation, which he always seeks to make agreeable and interesting. In truth, he is one of those plain, sober-minded, sensible men who make hosts of friends, and do the largest amount of work in professional life, with the least noise and show about it. He is a public man, discharging constant pubic duties, and still he has all the modesty of a person ih the utmost retirement of life. He confines himself strictly to the limits of his pastoral duties and obli- gations, and never neglects them for those public appearances which are the occasion for so much notoriety on the part of so many of the clergy. He is an old-fi\shioned minister, who attends to his own flock, who goes about doing good, and who exercises his ofi&ce solely m its spiritual relations to the salvation of sinners. He is a matter-of-fact preacher. He indulges in no rhapsodies, no flourishes of rhetoric, no appeals to bigoted sentiments ; but he discourses in a common-sense vein of the great fundamental doc- trines, and applies them seriously to every-day life. No man can ever take exception to a word that he utters ; but on the contrary the most indifferent hearer is moved to expressions of commendation. He would be called a plain preacher also in his manners, for they are without display, and have only the simple naturalness of the con- versational style. Dr. Quackenbush is a valuable man to his church and to tho community. He is conscientious in his life, and in the performance of all his duties as a pastor. Seeking the spiritual development of his people, he is a follower of the Apostolic example, rather than covetous of personal distinction. 167 REV. ALEXANDER REED, D.D., PA-STOK, OE' TUi: SOlTTIi PKESOSYTEItlA-W |EV, DR ALEXANDEE EEED was born in •Washing- ton county, Pennsylvania, September 28th, 1832. He is the son of the Hon. Eobert R Eeed, M. D., an emi- nent citizen of Pennsylvania. He was graduated at Wash- ington College in 1851, and at the Western Theological Seminary in 1856. In ^opting the clerical profession he followed the example of many of his ancestors, for he is descended from a ministerial family. Both of his father's grandfathers were ministers of the Church of Scotland, and the Eeed family has fur. nished a long line of ministers from the time of the Eev. James Eeed, fii-st pastor of Banchory-Ternan, after the Eeformation, Dr. Eeed informs us that the name was originally spelled Eeid, after the Scotch style, but was changed to its present mode by his grand- father. He was ordained and installed pastor of the Upper Octorara church, Chester county, Pennsylvania, in October, 1857, where he remained some time. In December, 1864, he was installed as the pastor of the Central Presbyterian church, Philadelphia. Here he preached with great success for some nine years, making a wide reputation for learning and eloquenca He finally accepted a call to the South Presbyterian church, Brooklyn, where he was installed on Sunday, June 8th, 1873. The South Presbyterian Church of Brooklyn was incorporated on the 20th of July, 1842. The Rev. William W. Patton was im- mediately employed as a preacher for the congregation for the term of three months. On the evening of Sunday, September 18th, 1842, the Rev. Dr. Cox, and the Eev. Messrs. Duffield, Eowland, Fairchild, and Bidwell, acting as a committee of the Presbytery of Brooklyn; proceeded to constitute the South Presbyterian Church of Brooklyn, consisting of seventy-two members. At the same time six elders and three deacons were publicly inducted to their respective of&ces. ^8 EEV. ALEXANDER EEED, D. D. The Eev. Samuel T. Speer was installed as the first pastor on the 14th of May, 1843, and thus remained for about twenty-seven years. The present church edifice, on the corner of Clinton and Amity streets, was erected in 1845, at an expense of thirty-thousand dollars, including the cost of the ground on which it stands. It was dedicated to the worship of God in the month of July of the same year. In 1845 about fourteen thousand dollars were subscribed and paid for the erec- tion of the church edifice, and in 1848 two thousand and seven hun- dred dollars were raised to cancel a floating debt From December, 1849, to December, 1853, fourteen thousand dollars were paid on the mortgage debt contracted in erecting the church edifice. The present membership is about four hundred and seven, and the Sunday School has between three and four hundred pupils. After the resignation of Dr. Speer, the Rev* Mr. Patton was called, who remained only a short time, having been elected a professor in the Presbyterian Theo- logical Seminary in Chicago, when Dr. Reed became the third pastor of the church. On the question of the union of the two branches of the Presby- terian Church, Dr. Reed took decided ground from the first agitation of the object, and was an ardent advocate of all measures leading to promote that object. He was chosen to preside over the meeting of ministers and elders, which called the great convention of all branches of the Presbyterian churches, held in Philadelphia in Sep- tember, 1867, and (with others) called and addressed the first meet- ing held in favor of the basis adopted by the general Assemblies of the two branches in 1868; this meeting was held in Dr. Reed's church, then in Philadelphia, During the war' Dr. Reed performed a most patriotic and efficient part as a General Superintendent of the Christian Commission, and had much to do with getting it into thorough working order. He is a trustee of the General Assembly, and one of the trustees of the rPresbyterian House ; has been a member of all the boards of the church,. chairman of the Committee of the Relief Fund, and is now President of the Board of Publication^ He was Moderator of the Synod of Philadelphia in 1868, and has always been an active mem- ber of the ecclesiastical bodies of the church, and several times a delegate to the General Assembly, He received his degree of D.D. from Princeton College in 1865, He has delivered various exceedingly enterlaining lectures on popular subjects, and is in much demand as a platform speaker. 469 REV. ALEXANDER REED, D. D. Among his lectures may be named " American Boy," " Secret of Success," and "Italy as I saw it" When Dr. Eeed was about removing from Philadelphia, one of the leading Methodist preachers remarked " that the vote of the en- tire Conference could be had if it would induce Dr. Eeed to remain." The following is an accurate account of this distinguished man : " Dr. Eeed's course in the ministry has been steadily upward. He is a man of sound judgment, great sagacity, and thorough scholar- ship ; an active promoter of revivals, and fall of vitality, which he imparts to the congregations under his charge. As a preacher he is earnest and eloquent; at once instructive and practical, alive to the issues of the day, fully abreast of the times, and specially attractive to the young, never preaching to empty benches. He is a gentleman of high culture, of fine moral qualities, and warm sympathies, and eminently successful as a pastor." A letter before us, from a high source, thus speaks of Dr. Eeed : " Learned in the sciences, familiar with the teaching of the doubters from the days of the Greek sophists to the Maudsleys and Darwins of the present epoch, himself a dispu- tant and logician of the highest training, this preacher impresses not less by the learning he exhibits, than by the beautiful and unwaver- ing faith that is seen to be in him." Dr. Eeed is of the average height, and has a round, compact, and erect figura His head and face are large, with finely moulded features. He looks pale, as if his scholarly application was excessive, and his expression is that of the thoroughly intellectual and de- cidedly amiable man. His manners are warmly polite, and with his conversation, so agreeable that he wins yotir good-will on the instant. In social life he is noted for an inexhaustible fund of humor and anecdote. One reason of his popularity as a lecturer arises from the fact that his productions abound in brilliant wit, sprightly anecdote, and graphic sketches of individual peculiarities, provoking outbursts of laughter, and rounds of applause. As a speaker his voice is rich in tone, and his gestures are timely and expressive. Profound in his learning, strong in his faith, eloquent with pen and tongue, he preaches with a power equal to any clergyman of his day. Admired and beloved in the social circle for his many fascinations of char- acter, he is not less esteemed in the church and community, for splendor of talents and practical usefulness. 470 REV. WILLIAM REID, PASTOR OF TUJE M:oI>OTJGA.L, STKEET BA.3PTIST CHURCH, NEAV YOBIt. tEV. WILLIAM EBID was born in Ayrshire, Scotland, in the year 1812. He is of good Scotch Presbyterian stock, from a very remote ancestry. He was the subject of religious impressions and resolutions from early child- hood. At the age of seventeen he was baptized in one of the beautiful little locbs of the west of Scotland, and united with the Baptist church in Scotland under the pastoral care of the Eev. James Blair. His father likewise withdrew from the Presbyterian church and joined the Baptist denomination. In his nineteenth year, after frequent efforts in speaking in the congregations, he re- ceived, unsought, the license of the church to improve his gifts. In 1832 he came to the United States. He was engaged to some extent in secular business, but the improvement of his gifts, and the urgency of his Christian friends induced him to consider the subject of devot- ing himself exclusively to the .Christian ministry. His earlier educa- tion had been in connection with the select and grammar schools of his native town. For several years he pursued his studies at the Connecticut Literary Institute at Suffield. He was regularly licensed by the Baptist church of Willimantic, Conn., and ordained to the Gospel ministry in East "Windsor, in 1839. From this period, for about twenty-three years, he pursued a ministerial work in different parts of Connecticut with remarkable success. H-e was first settled as the pastor of the Baptist church at Wethersfield, where he labored successfully two full years. Afterwards he was settled five years over the Baptist church at Tariffville. Large additions were made to the congregation by conversion and baptism. He next removed to the pastoral care of the First Baptist Church in Bridgeport, where he remained about nine years. Having received a unanimous call to the First Baptist Church of New London, he ac- cepted it. He labored about eight years in this field, during which 471 REV. WILLIAM REID. time large numbers were added by letter and baptism. From New London lie removed to the pastorate of the First Baptist Church of Greenpoint, in the Eastern district of Brooklyn. Here he labored with great success for five years and a half. Many persons were con- verted and added to the church, and its means and influence were greatly increased. He next received and accepted a call to the McDougal street Baptist Church, New York, where he ministered with his usual success. This church originated in a colony from the First Baptist Church, then in Gold street, which went out in 1809, and a colony from the Fayette street Baptist Church, now Oliver street Church, which went out in 1813. It has thus been in existence for the period of sixty- four years. The first colony was for a while designated as the North Baptist Church, and the second as the Berean Baptist Church. Their meetings were first held in a brewery in Desbrosses street , In 1810 steps were taken to build a church edifice in Vandam street, which was completed, but finally sold for debt Then they met in C. P. Wyckoff 's school-house in Dominick street Soon after the formation of the North Berean Church, they purchased of the trustees of the Mulberry street Church the original house in Vandam street, which, however, was still followed by misfortune, ^and was burned in 1831. Afterward lots were bought, and the prlsent church edifice in McDougal street was erected. The name of North Berean was changed to McDougal street Baptist Church. The church has had nine pastors. One of these was the Eev. Duncan Dunbar, who served as pastor three different times, in all twenty years. Members of this church were the principal persons in |he organization of the Berean Baptist Church, and of the Mariners' Church. A regular colony from the church originated the Sixteenth street Church. Mr. Eeid is of the medium height, and compactly built He has a great deal of physical activity and an indomitable energy. His head is round, with regular features, and a most cheerful, benevolent expression of countenance. He is a man of clear a%d quick intel- lectual perceptions, of an ardent abounding faith, and great practical judgment in the application of his mental and physical resources for whatever work he has to do. In the churches with which he has been connected, which he has taken in a condition of spiritual and financial prostration, it has been not only his zeal in strictly spiritual labors, but his judgment and ability in business matters, which have raised them to the highest prosperity in both particulars. 472 ' EEV. "WILLIAM REID. His seraions are well written expositions of the scriptures and of Christian and moral duty, and his delivery is earnest and eloquent. He has been a close, painstaking student, and he is clear and forcible in all his explanations. On all the doctrinal points, he is noted in the denomination as one of its most logical and effective writers and speakers. His mode of reasoning is always simple, and explained by many familiar illustrations, while at the same time it is clear in meaning, concise in expression, and spoken with the warmth and in- spiration of a kindly and devout heart His voice is round and full, and is pleasantly modulated throughout. • You cannot doubt either his sincerity or his deep, absorbing piety. He shows this in language, manners, and in every act of his daily life. He goes among his fellow-men with a beaming face, a cheerful heart, a patient spirit, and with humility and self-sacrifice in all his proceedings. He is earnest and untiring, and few men are more capable of securing that pop- ularity and influence which go so far with a public man in making his undertakings successful. 473 REV. HENRY BASCOM RIDGAWAY, D. D., PA.STOR OF ST. JA.]M:ES' IkEETHODIST CJHXJKCJH, >EV. DE. HBNEY BASCOM EIDGAWAY was bom in Talbot County, Maryland, September 7th, 1830. He went through a course of studies at the Public High School in Baltimore, under the Presidency of N. C. Banks, LL. D. In the summer of 1849 he was graduated at Dickinson College, Carlisle, Penn., having, prior to this time, re- ceived a license to preach as a local minister of the Methodist church. His first sermon was preached before his eighteenth year, at a camp meeting on the eastern shore of Maryland. After graduating he taught school for some months, and commenced his regular ministry in the fall of 1849, in the Summerfield circuit, Baltimore county. He was received on trial in the itinerancy, in the Baltimore Conference, at its session at Winchester, Va., in 1850, and appointed to the Win- chester circuit. The next spring he was transferred to the Loudoun circuit, where he preached, in connection with Eev. Wm. Hirst, for two years. In 1853 he was petitioned for by the Summerfield circuit, and also asked for in Baltimore ; and, from considerations of ill-health, took the country circuit He was married in February of the same year to the daughter of the late Professor Caldwell, of Dickinson College. In the spring of 1854 he was appointed to the charge of the !North Baltimore circuit, and in the following spring became second preacher of the North Baltimore station, which includes five churches, with three ministers. His next position was at the High street station, consisting of one church. Two years later, at the de- sire of the people of the Chestnut street church, Portland, he was transferred to the Maine Conference, and appointed to their newly completed church. His removal was much against the wishes of his Baltimore friends. Toward the close of his term at the Chestnut street church he was invited to become the pastor of St. Paul's Church, New York, and in the spring of 1861 was transferred. 474 ^. '"'''M'fl ^r,lll!,h:,-,- ''■:A\ EEV. HENRY BASCOM BIDGAWAT, D. D. For some twelve years Mr. Ridgaway has officiated in the leading Methodist churches of New York, including St. Paul's, Washington Square, and St James', Harlem. At St. Paul's he has received several appointments. He received his degree of D. D. from Dickinson College in 1868. Mr. Ridgaway is a contributor to the editorial columns of The Methodist, the organ of his denomination in New York. Most of his sermons are either delivered from brief notes or memory. There is a prejudice among the Methodists against written sermons, and their preachers seldom write out their discourses. As an instance of Mr. Ridga way's powers of memory, we may mention that we heard him preach an exceedingly able sermon, entirely systenjatic in its arrangement and very elaborate in its argument; and he subsequently informed us that he only determined to preach this sermon during the singing of the second hymn, and that it was last delivered some two years before. A discourse by Mr. Ridgaway was published in a collection of sermons by ministers of different denominations, issued under the auspices of the Young Men's Christian Society of Wash- ington city, and entitled " The Union Pulpit. " Mr. Ridgaway is something below the average height, and has sharp features. Without any of the highly distinguishing marks of intellectual greatness, still you see every evidence that he is a re- flective man. This thoughtfalness pervades him at all times, and is noticeable in the most ordinary conversation, for not a word is spoken without due consideration. His manners are cordial, and you soon find yourself on very good terms with him. He is altogether quiet and undemonstrative in both demeanor and speech. Mr. Ridgaway opens his sermon in a subdued tone, and in rather a methodical way. As he passes on, however, his voice rises, and so earnest does he become, that he frequently steps away from the desk to the edge of the pulpit, and indulges in a strain of most elo- quent and animated reasoning. At these times, even when speaking extempore, he has a great command of select and vigorous language. Word follows word in such order, and the illustration of the argu- ment is so complete, that it seems that such a delivery can only be from a carefully prepared manuscript He is not particularly im- aginative, but his argument takes the widest range of logic. He labors to convince, and shows a power of analysis and keenness of reasoning which are highly creditable to him both as a scholar and observer of men. ^75 EEV. ISAAC RILEY, PA-STOR or THE THIKTY-FOTJIITII STKEET J^Ei-ORMEI* CHURCH, NEAV YORIC. EV. ISAAC EILB Y was born in the city of New York, February 2d, 1835, but was taken to Montrose, Penn., at an early age, wbei-e he was brought up. He is the son of the Eev. H. A. Eiley, who many years since was pastor of one of the Presbyterian churches of New York, and subsequently was settled at Montrose and other places. His early studies were at Montrose. In 1858 he was graduated at Yale College, and in 1861 at the Union Theological Seminary, New York city. He was first settled as the pastor of the Forest Presbyterian Church, at Middletown, Newcastle county, Delaware, where he was ordained and installed in March, 1862. He remained in this pastor- ship over two years, until October, 1864, When he went immediately to the First Presbyterian Church, at Pottsville, Penn., where he la- bored three years, until October, 1867. At the latter date he be- came colleague pastor with the Eev. Dr. Joel Parker, at the Park Presbyterian Church, Newark, N. J. In September, 1868 he accepted a call to his present position, the Thirty-fourth street Eeformed Church, New York, as the successor of the Eev. Dr. Peter Stryker. He was installed on the last Sunday of September, 1868. The Thirty-fourth street Eefornied Church has an interesting his- tory. The congregation grew out of a missionary enterprise of the Eeformed Dutch denomination, organized January 9 th, 1822. It was the desire of the society to establish preaching near the corner of Canal street and Broadway, " a part of the city then growing rapidly," but no suitable room could be procured, and the locality was changed to the junction of Howard and Elm streets, where a room was obtained. Eev. Eobert McLean was the first missionary. The enterprise prospered, and arrangements were made to build a church edifice on a site corner of Broome and Greene streets. The corner-stone was laid in June, 1823. In the month of October fol- 476 BEV. ISAAC EILEY. lowing, services were commenced in the basement. On February 8tb, 1824, the churcb was dedicated, and in a few yealrs had one of the largest and most influential congregations in the city. The whole cost of the lots and building was sixteen thousand dollars. A debt of seven thousand dollars was paid off in three or four years. The congregation was formally organized in December, 1823, and Mr. McLean was called as the first pastor in the folio vying year, Eev. Dr. Jacob Brodhead was the pastor from 1826 to 1837 ; Rev. Dr. Samuel A. Van Vranken from 1837 to 1841 ; Rev. Dr. George Fisher from 1841 to 1854 ; Rev. Henr^"- V. Voorhees from May, 1854, to December, 1855, who resigned by reason of ill-health ; Rev. Dr. Peter Stryker from April, 1855, to 1868, a period of thirteen years. In 1859 the church in Broome street had accumulated a debt of seventeen thousand dollars, and the congregation was greatly re- duced in numbers by the removal up-town of its members. In May, 1859, a union was effected with the Livingston Reformed Dutch Church, worshiping in a hall on the corner of Thirty -third street and Eighth avenue, where services were continued. Meanwhile, the down-town property was sold, and eligible building lots purchased in Thirty-fourth street The last service in the old church took place on April 15th, 1860, when Dr. Stryker preached an appropri- ate historica' discourse. In a period of between thirty-six and thirty- seven years, eighty marriages were solemnized, five hundred and fifty-seven infants baptized, and one thousand two hundred and four members admitted. The edifice was one of the most beautiful of the old-fashioned brick buildings, and many of the old residents will re- member the throngs of well-to-do people who flocked to its altar, probably not one of whom now resides in that portion of the city. A fine church building was erected on the site in Thirty-fourth street, and dedicated March 3d, 1861. The cost was some sixty thousand dollars. A debt of thirty-five thousand which remained was liquidated in three or four years. The church was built during the depression occasioned by the breaking out of the war with the South, and the heavy debt seriously threatened the prosperity of the congregation, but its increase was such that it was soon able to re- move all embarrassment. There are at this time about six hundred members, and three hundred and fifty children in the Sunday School. Mr. Riley is of the medium height and well-proportioned. His head is of the average size, with delicate, regular features. His com- 477 REV. ISAAC EILET. plexion is pale, and he has light brown hair and whiskers. He is plain and quiet, while altogether aflFable in his manners. A man of perseverance and force, he is so passive and amiable in ordinary in- tercourse that these only appear when he has some labor to perform. He makes neither noise nor show, and hence inferior men in the same circles obtain more reputation and credit He has never sought fame, and never done other than rejoice at the success of his cotem- poraries. But, on the other hand, he has devoted himself with great diligence to a wide and thorough study for his profession, and an en- lightened and conscientious discharge of duty in all positions. In a word, he is one of those who show great strength of mind and nerve in duty and labor, and the utmost amiability and purity of character in all social and private relations. Mr. Eiley is a young man in the ministry ; but, from what we have seen of him in public and private, we think that he will prove himself one of the bulwarks of the church. He preaches no fancies, but moral truths. Eeligion and preaching to him are serious things. They are not matters to be used for individual pride or ambition, but for the sole purpose of saving the lost He shows these convictions in the performance of all his professional duties, and in his private life. In the pulpit he is modest and serious. He prays with his whole soul — ^not a vain, pompous prayer, but the. prayer of faith and hope. In his sermons he is equally serious, quite argumentative, and at times pathetic. You see that he feels all that he says, and that he has but one purpose. This is not to have people say '' What a fine sermon," " What a scholar and orator ;" but he wants these old men and women to rejoice in hearing the same comforting truths they heard from a Brodhead, a Fisher, and a Stryker, and he wants to touch impatient hearts with saving grace. He is warm and earn- est in his manners ; he speaks in those clear tones which give the most force and expression to language, and his every thought and utterance is pure and holy. Proud only of the ministry of Christ, strong only, in the power of the gospel, he looks to the hereafter for the only reward to which he aspires. 478 REV. CHARLES S. ROBmSON, D. D., CHUKCHC, NETV YORK. •1 PA.HTOR OF TlrlJB aiEBIOIlIA.!^ mESBYTIJIlIAlV lEV. DE. CHAELES S. EOBINSON was bom at Benning- ton, Vermont, March 31st, 1829. He was graduated at Williams College, Massachusetts, in 1849, and studied theology privately in New York city, and then passed a year and a half at Princeton Seminary. He was or'ained a minister of the Presbyterian Church by the Presbytery of Troy, June 14th, 1855, and at the same time installed pastor of the Park Presbyterian Church of that place. At the termination of about five years and a half he accepted a call to the First New School Presby- terian Church, Brooklyn, formerly under the pastoral charge of the celebrated Eev. Dr. Samuel H. Cox, commencing his new labors March 1st, 1860. He continued with this large and influential con- gregation for several years. The broken health of his wife obliged a foreign voyage, when he was appointed pastor of the American Chapel in Paris, where he remained three years. He was then called to the Memorial Presbyterian Church, New York,, formerly called the Eleventh Presbyterian Church. This Church was organized by the Third Presbytery of New York, May 13th, 1839, and consisted of eighty-nine members, who had been dismissed from the Seventh Presbyterian Church and the Manhattan Island Presbyterian Church for that purpose. In July, 1839, Eev. Mason Noble entered upon his duties as the first pastor. For three years their place of worship was an edifice in Fourth street, formerly occupied by the Manhattan Island Presbyterian ChurcL A new church was erected on the comer of Fourth street and Avenue C, which was dedicated in October, 1842. On January 8th, 1850, thirty-one members were dismissed to form- the Union Congregational Chuj.-ch. - In the spring of 1850, Mr. Noble was released from his pastoral relations to the church, having accepted a call to a church in Baltimore, . During his ministry of about eleven years three hundred 479 REV. CHARLES S. ROBINSON, D. D. and eighty-four persons united with the church, of which one hun- dred and sixty were received on profession of their faith. Eev. J. Parsons Hovey commenced his labors as pastor in July, 1850. Alter an earnest ministry of thirteen years, he was called to his reward December 16th, 1863. In the winter of 1863 the church building was sold, and the church and society removed to a house of worship on Fifty -fifth street, between Third and Lexington Avenues. This edifice has been sold; and what is known as the Memorial Presbyterian Church was erected for the congregation, on the corner of Madison Avenue and Fifty-third street About one third of a century has elapsed since the Old School and the New School opposition parties iu the Presbyterian Church of these United States separated after a long controversy and became distinct communities. On both sides there were able and sincere men who deeply regretted the division, but saw no way to avoid it For years earnest efforts were made to bring about a reunion of the two branches. In the year 1869 the Old and New School Greneral Assemblies met almost within speaking distance in New York — one in the Brick Church on Murray Hill, the other at Park avenue Pres- byterian church. The movement toward union happily culminated the following year at Philadelphia. The bodies formerly one house- hold, but long sundered by questions of doctrine and poHty, became one again after a generation of separate and often rival action, to the great joy of the Presbyterians of the country. In commemoration of this notable event the congregation of Eev. Dr. Eobinson's church resolved to erect a Memorial Temple, in which to worship in the future. The plan was carried out by the erection of one of the most magnificent church edifices of the city, costing one hundred and sixty thousand dollars, which was dedicated on Sunday, January 26th, 1872, The Memorial cburch is a stone structure 125 feet front by 120 feet deep. It is built in the round Gothic style. The Church covers 80 feet front; the remaining 45 are occupied by a lecture-room, connected with the cburch by a common entrance. At the corner of Madison avenue rises the tower to the height of 90 feet, and the spire, both constructed of stone. The distance from the sidewalk to the iron finial to surmount the latter will be 220 feet The spire is peculiar, and differs in most respects from all others in the city. On the south of the main building is a smaller tower, also entirely of Btone, eighty-five feet in height Dr. Eobinson has published various sermons, and is the compiler 480 EEV. CHARLES S. EOBINSON, D. D. of a book of hymns used in the Presbyterian and Congregational churches, entitled " Songs of the Church ; or, Hymns and Tunes for Sacred Worship." He received his degree of D. D. from Hamilton College. Dr. Eobinson is slightly under the medium height, with an erect, graceful figure. His head and features are small, but the latter are ■well defined, and of a classical mold. He is one of those men in which the physical development borders on the delicacy of efieminacy, and the mental predominates in the expression, in refined finish of feature, and in the cultivation of the general appearance and manners. He looks the gentleman, the man of refinement and culture, and the man of exalted sentiments and correct practices, and his looks in no case belie him. In his disposition he is of a cheerful temperament, tending very frequently to broad humor. He is disposed, in his domestic and social intercourse, to impart sprightliness and mirthful- ness to every occasion when it may be proper, and does this by an inexhaustible fund of happy, genial, raerry thoughts and sayings. He has a way of talking in the semi-humorous, ironical style which not only imparts much amusement, but shows the quickness with which he can give a cheerful shading to every picture. He is by no means a heedless, frivolous person, for all this geniality is marked by culture, and an entire propriety as to seasons, places, and persons. Dr. Eobinson certainly illustrates the more attractive phase of Christian character. The human heart, no matter how deeply bowed in penitence, is more readily influenced by the counsellor who warms it with touches most akin to nature itself The religionist may take it warm, sensitive, and quivering to the touch, and he may think this very condition most suitable for his purpose of molding it to his despotic creed and unyielding discipline. And he may readily ac- complish all that he seeks. But when his work is accomplished, the subject of his experiment has no more a human heart than the Chinese woman has perfect feet after they have been contracted, bruised, and formed in an iron shoe. A heart without a joyous ap- preciation of the life given of Grod, and willing and capable of yield- ing to its cheerful influences, is a heart dead to natural impulses, a mere skeleton of its natural proportions, and a tenant-house of morbid sentimentality instead of inspiring joys. The glooms of religion, and the prudishness of some of its ministers, to all that is genial, mirthful, and worldly, have produced just this wreck of many a noble heart, and saddened many a glorious nature. In view of this lament- 481 BEV. OHABLES S. ROBINSON, D. D. able fact, it is the more satisfactory to meet a person like Dr. Robinson, who bears a sunny face, and is not averse to showing nature in its truly genial characteristics. Those who come in contact with him are none the less impressed with all that his religious instruction can teach, while they are made alive to the beauty of the gladsome heart. Dr. Robinson is an eloqaent, forcible pi-eacher. His sermons are argumentative, and he will make no sacrifice whatever to declamation, but his mode of handling his subject is so original and scholarly, and so graphic and chaste is his language, that, he is very successful in arresting the undivided attention of an audience. He becomes greatly absorbed in his theme, and evidently labors for its full and clear understanding by every hearer. There is a total want of oratorical effort, but not of oratorical effect. He has a natural, unrestrained, un- tutored delivery ; he speaks in an easy, free, and conversational manner, and still there are modulations, pauses, and bursts of eloquence which impart universal power to preaching of his particular kind. In j udging him the critic would say that he was lacking in much tbat completes the orator, and at the same time it must be ad- mitted that he has most effective powers in r-.aching the heart and in- telligence. When he has fully elaborated his subject he seems con- tent All his display, if such it may be called, is in the chastenesa and grace of his expressions, and he seldom tarries for those passages of fine writing which lead to brilliant speaking. Scholarly without being pedantic, plain without being common-place, argumentative without being tedious, he presents the most valuable combination of characteristics which can exist in the man seeking the salvation of souls rather than personal triumphs. These latter, however, though never sought, are constant, and from the circumstance of being un- sought, adorn with that pure luster which always belongs to those who are humble of great talent. Warm-hearted and genial as the man, versatile and thorough in his accomplishments as the scholar, successful and of growing fame as the minister. Dr. Robinson holds a well-deserved place as one of the most appreciable and talented men of the day. The experienced shepherd of a numerous and precious flock, he is ever alert in works of faithfulness and faith, and ever binding more closely the bonds of personal fi:iendships and public approbation, 482 z^J:^c c^ REY. J. EDSON ROCKWELL, D. D., X.A.TE PAJSTOn. OF THE CE1VTIIA.X. PREIS- BYTJEKIA-If CHXJKCH, 3iItOODK:L.YlV. ' EV. J. EDSON EOCKWELL, D. D., was bom at Salisbury, Vt., May 4th, 1816. He humorously says that he was in Vermont just long enough to be born there, Hudson, in the state of New York, haying been the home of his early He was graduated at Amherst College in 1837, and at the New York Theological Seminary in 184-1. In October of the same year he was ordained and installed as pastor of the Presbyterian •church at Yalatia, New York, in connection with the New School Presbytery of Columbia. He remained with this charge until caslled to the Hanover street New School Presbyterian Church, Wilmington, Delaware, where he commenced his duties March 21st, 1847. Nearly five years later, on the 13th of February, 1851, he was installed pastor of the Central Old School Presbyterian Church of Brooklyn, ;then located in Willoughby street The congregation, ailer many trials, in which they were continually called upon to appreciate the cheerful hope and untiring energy of their pastor, were enabled to build a tasteful and spacious edifice in Schermerhom street, seating one thousand persons, which was dedicated December 10th, 1854. The cost of the whole property was about thirty-four thousand dollars. When Dr. Kockwell entered upon his duties, the congregation num- bered, only one hundred and twenty members, while thirteen years later the number was four hundred and sixty, and during the same time nearly six hundred had joined, three hundred of whom were admitted , on profession , of faith. His degree, of D. D. was received ■from Jefferson College, in 1859. After eighteen years of ministerial labor, half of which had been devoted to the Central congregiation, impaired health induced him to obtain leave of absence, and on the 7th of May, 1859, in company with his wife and a mutual friend, he took his departure for Europe, where he passed five months in travel. He spent some time in ministering to the soldiers in the field, in the 483 REV. J. EDSON ROCKWELL, D. D. service of the Christian Commission. Several years since Dr. Eock- well became pastor of the Edgewater Presbyterian Church, Staten Island, K Y., where he has passed a happy and useful pastorate. Dr. Kockwell is a constant contributor to the religious and secular press. He has published several works— viz : " Sketches of the Pres- byterian Church;" "Young Christian Warned;" "The Sheet Anchor," a little boolc for sailors ; " The Visitor's Questions," a Sun- day-school book; "Scenes and Impressions Abroad;" "Seed Thoughts;" and "The Diamond in the Cage." The last named is the fruit of thirty years of labor among Sunday School children. During a period of eight years the " Sunday School Visitor," a publi- cation of the Presbyterian Board, was edited by Dr. Eockwell. He has also published a variety of occasional sermons and addresses, among which may be mentioned " A Plea for the Eldership ;" " The Day at Hand," an address; "Christ Walking on the Waters;" "A Plea for the Sailor." We make the following extracts from the address entitled " The Day at Hand," delivered before the Synod of New York, by its ap- pointment, in the Scotch Church, New York, October 23d, 1862 : " Amid much tliat is dark, and surrounded by scenes of peril and trial, we may yet look out upon the great fields of Christian labor, and feel that the signs of the times are giving promise of good. In all the history of the past, the church has never had so much to encourage her. God's people have never seen so much to strengthen their faith, and to call forth their full and united efforts for the extension of the Kingdom of Christ. The Bible is now translated into every tongue, and is waiting to be sent to every creature, with all its precious messages of mercy. More than forty-eight millions of copies of the Holy Scriptures have been published during the present century, which are being circulated, not alone by all the varied agencies in Christian lands, but by more than sixteen hundred missionaries, and more than six- teen thousand native preachers and teachers, who have been converted to God, and educated for his service, from the midst of heathen degradation. Divine Providence has, in the most wonderful — ^and often in the most unlooked-for manner — ^removed out of the way obstacles which seemed to be insurmountable in the progress of Christian missions, so that there is now free access to every part of the heathen world. The silence of the remotest sea is now broken by the plash of the steamer, the herald of civilization, and the agent of Christian nations, in bearing their influence to every land and nation. Commerce and the intrepid zeal of science have broken in upon African wilds and Asiatic solitudes, and opened to the world vast regions, peopled with teeming millions, which have been hitherto unvisited and unknown. The walls of China are broken down ; Japan is opening to the Gospel; Africa is already feeling the influence of commerce in elevating her people, and is opening vast mines of wealth hitherto unknown, which will attract to her shores not the ships of the slave- trader, but merchant fleets engaged in honorable and civilized traffic, under whose influence that mighty continent may regain her ancient prestige, when Carthage was 484 EEV. J. ED80N ROCKWELL, D. D. the empire of commerce, and Egypt the mother of science. Mahomedan prejudices against Christian nations are fast going away before the influence of national inter- communion, and the fierce fanaticism with which the Turkish and Persian and Mooriflh nations have met the advances of Christian kindness and courtesy is yield- ing before the advance of light and truth, while amid the milliona of the Papal world there is going on a wondrous change, which is rapidly opening their minds to the blessings of civil and religious liberty." The following extract, descriptive of the Bay of Naples, from "Scenes and Impressions Abroad," will show how happy the author has been in delineating his observations of travel : " The beautiful indentations of the shore which forms the Bay of Naples com- merces on the north, at the Cape of Miseno, and, sweeping round in a most graceful curve towards the east and south, terminates at the Capo Delia Campanella, making a circuit of thirty-five miles. "As our ship rounds the northern headland, there come rapidly into view beauti- ful and bold shores, covered with Italian villas, palaces, gardens, and convents, until the whole of this magnificent bay bursts upon the view, and presents a scene which has, perhaps no equal, and which no pen can describe. Almost in the centre of this glorious picture, Vesuvius, its head wreathed by the dark clouds of smoke which ceaselessly roll up fi'om its crater, rises majestically from a lovely valley. As the eye sweeps round the beautiful coast, it takes in a series of villages and hamlets, peeping out from groves of orange, citron, and olive trees, while behind them the distant hUls rise in graceful outlines, and mountains, softened by distance and mellowed by the indescribable glow of an Italian atmosphere, shut in the lovely scene. "Turning from this picture, to which words do no justice, we catch our first view of the city of Naples, which lies upon a smaller indentation of the bay. Dashing , by lines of forts and castles, through fleets of small vessels, with the peculiar Oriental model of the Mediterranean, which are lying quietly at anchor, just as the morning bugle is arousing the soldiers of the castles, and the guns of the ships of war are thundering over the waters, we come to anchor under the range of one of the batteries, and opposite the custom-house of Naples. During the long hours we spend in wafitiug for the return of our passports, which have been sent on shore to the police, we amuse ourselves by watching the small boats which surround the ship, filled with fruit or other edibles, or laden with musicians who have all the airs of opera singers, and who have come out to pick up a few pence for their performances. At last the officers of the government are satisfied, and we are permitted to debark. Small boats now swarm about the vessel like leeches, and the boatmen tender their services most pertinaciously." Dr. Eockwell is about the medium height, and equally propor- tioned. He has an active step, and his whole manner bespeaks him to be a person of quick impulses, and earnest, practical energy. His severe labors of the ministry and occasonal ill-health have given him the look of his full age. Intercourse with him, however, shows his spirits to have the buoyancy and elasticity of youth^tand bis resolution is as rigid as his hopefulness is inspiring. His eyes are clear, calm» and particularly expressive of kind and Christian sympathies, to which 485 REV. J. EDSON EOCEWELL, D. D. is added a flitting smile of surpassing gentleness. The brow is broad, high, and full, and there is a contraction between the eyes, outward evidences of the habit of severe and constant thought. All the features are prominent, while uniform, and the entire face is not less striking from physical than intellectual attractiveness. Dr. Eockwell is a man of fine abilities, and ranks with the most distinguished men of his denomination. His mind is largely stored with the gains of a comprehensive and unremitting student-life, be- sides which he is a most intelligent and critical observer of daily life. There is nothing speculative about him, nothing which has not as well a practical, common-sense basis, as one laid in truth, morality and religion. Inflexible in principle, pure and exalted in design, just and liberal in his judgment, he deceives no man with sophistries any more than personally he heeds the temptations of evil. Frank and truthful in his nature, he brings everything in culture and in life to the test of the Iwnest heart, and no other standard. Nobly conspicuous with this trait, and beloved for it, he proclaims his doctrines of faith, and leads trusting souls to redemption. His style of preaching is plain in matter and manner, though always marked by animation and a degree of eloquence. He uses well-worded, expressive sentences, often made most touchingly tender by pathos and pastoral love. He gesticulates a great deal, but with excellent taste and effect. The Presbyterian ministry has men more showy in declamation, and enjoying a larger share of public attention than Dr. Eockwell, but the whole Christian ministry cannot produce one more upright and faithful. Grifted with talents and adorned with virtues, he is found to be only proud of his place among those who meekly bear the cross, 486 REY. EBENEZER P. ROGERS, D. D., PJLSTOR OF THE ©OTJTH KEFOKMIEr* CHXJKCH, |EV. DE. EBENEZER P. EOGERS is a native of the City of New York, and over fifty years of age. He was called to the South Reformed Church, New York, from a Presbyterian church in Albany about twelve years since. The South Church was originally located in Exchange ace, than called Garden street, in the extreme Southern portion of the city, and some two miles and a half from the present location. The Rev. Dr. Matthews was the first pastor, having as his colleague the Rev. Dr. Hutton. A considerable representation of the wealth and influence of the day was to be found in the congregation. The great fire of 1835 swept away the church edifice, and the congregation became greatly agitated, and finally divided on the question of build- ing on a site up-town. At length an arrangement was made, by which the property was divided, and a portion of the congregation, bearing the old name, built a church on the corner of Murray and Church streets, and forty-nine other members, with the two pastors, organized a new congregation in the Chapel of the University, and subsequently erected a very fine edifice on Washington Square, where Dr. Hutton still officiates. After some years the. Murray Street con- gregation sold their building, and erected a new church on the corner of Fifth avenue and Twenty-first street, nearly a mile beyond the site of their former co-members, on Washington Square, which had been considered too far up-town. Such, in fact, in a few years had been the up-town movement of the people that up-town churches had be- come again down-town churches. The edifice of the South Church is a tasteful and spacious brick structure, and occupies one of the most accessible, and at the same time select localities for a building of the kind in New York. The Rev. Dr. Macauley, the younger, was the pastor for a number of years, and on his retirement, Professor 487 KEV. EBENEZEE P. EOGEES, D. B. Hitchcock ofificiated for some time, until Dr. Eogers was called. The congregation has largely increased under Dr. Eogers' ministration, and now ranks with the most numerous of the city. A few years since Dr. Eogers made an extended tour in Europe. He is one of the six members of the Publishing Committee of the American Tract Society. He is about the medium height, well-proportioned, erect, and altogether of an imposing figure. His head is round and intellectual, and his face is amiable and cheerful in its expressions. He is a man of great courtesy of manners,' but of an ever-present and sometimes formal dignity. His clerical and learned character appears to you at once, and is thoroughly supported under all circumstances. Some men are exactly suited by nature for their calling, and Dr. Eogers is one of these. The gravity of manners, the solemnity of speech, and the true deportment of the clergyman, are fully exhibited by him. The height and breadth, the model and portrait of the clerical character are perfectly fitted in every respect, and he stands not only worthy of all credit in his own person, but an example to his brethren. He seems and acts the divine scholar and teacher with an ease which is natural to him, and in a manner which gives force and impressiveness to his teachings and example. Dr. Eogers preaches a plainly worded and practical sermon. He evideintly feels that preaching imposed upon him one self-evident duty, and that is to call sinners to repentance. Should his sermons be examined for correctness and beauty of the language, as to the force and clearness of the arguments, — and generally as an earnest,- prayerful appeal of the Christian teacher, they will be found entitled to all praise. They meet the highest requirements of preaching, and are, undoubtedly, conducive to great good. Dr. Eogers has much animation in the pulpit, both in voice and gesture. He becomes much absorbed in his theme, and he speaks with the full fervor of his voice and devout convictions. Many of his gestures are particularly vehement, such as uplifting his hands toward heaven, etc. His voice has full compass, but is somewhat wanting in smoothness and mellowness. He is an active man in his church, and exerts a large influence in all the religious organizations with which he is connected. He shows great judgment in all his efforts, and personally takes no heed of the atmost degree of pains- taking toiL ^gg REY. STEALY B. UOSSITER, I»^STOK. OF THE TfOKTH X'KESBYTERI^N CHUItCH, ]VETV YORK!. |BV. STEALY B. EOSSITEE was bom at Berne, Albany County, New York, May 22d, 1842. He was graduated at Union College, Schenectady, in 1865; and at the Union Theological Seminary, New York, in 1869. His ordination to the ministry was in connection with the Albany Presbytery, but ho accepted a call to the Congrega- tional church at Elizabeth, New Jersey. He remained in this pastorship until June 16th, 1869, when he came to the North Presbyterian Church of New York, over which he was installed Sep- tember 21st, 1873. A church of eight males and eight females was organised June 27th, 1847, by Eev. Thomas H. Skinner, D. D., assisted by Eev. Wm. Adams, D. D., and the Eev. W. Eoosevelt. It received the name of " The North Presbyterian Church in the city of New , York." The congregation became a religious incorporation in due form September 13th, 1847. Preaching had been for some time held in the chapel of the Institution for the Blind, then in one of the rural districts of the city. A free lease of four full lots of ground on the south side of Thirty-second street, between the Eighth and Ninth avenues, was obtained from Mr. James Boorman, for seven years from May 1st, 1848, which was subsequently extended to nine years. A temporary house of worship was completed in April fol- lowing, at a cost of $3,200. It was a frame building, about forty by sixty feet, with a short central tower in front. It contained seventy- five pews, and had a front -gallery. The house was built in the open fields on a hill-side, tnown formerly as " Strawberry Hill." The first public worship took place April 13th, 1849; The congregation prospered, and in 1856 measures were taken to erect a more substan- tial and commodious house of worship. By the nobl©' munificence' 489 REV. STEALY B. EOSSITEB. of Mr. James Boorman, the congregation was, on the 1st of May fol- lowing, put into free and full possession of four full lots of ground, ninety-eight feet nine inches by one hundred feet, on the northeast corner of Ninth avenue and Thirty-first street The corner-stone was laid June 19th, 1856, and the lecture-room was opened for reli- gious services November 16th of the same year. The new church was completed and opened for public worship March 29th, 1857, and cost, with the organ and other furniture, $45,759 28. It is built of stone, ninety-one by sixty-six feet, with a tower projection of four feet, and a central spire rising to the height of one hundred and eighty-two feet. The interior is finished in fresco. It has one hun- dred and fifty-two pews on the main floor, and sixty on the side- galleries, which will accommodate one thousand adult persons. The organ gallery is in front, and disconnected from the others. The house is lighted at night from the ceiling. The old church was sold to the Northwest Presbyterian church for $600, and soon after re- moved to Fiftieth street, near Broadway. Eev. Washington Eoosevelt was the first pastor of the North Church, remaining from 1849 to 1856, when he was succeeded by Eev. Dr. Edwin F. Hatfield, who remained a number of years. The Eev. Thomas Street was next called, and served a very efficient pas- torship, until compelled by impaired health to resign in May, 1873. Mr. Eossiter found the church still strong in membership, and its usefulness promises to continue under his own ministry. Mr. Eossiter is rather over the medium height, sparely propor- tioned, and erect. He has fair hair and complexion. The face is small, but the upper portion of the head is well developed, and shows brain-power. His manners are frank and courteous. He is undoubt- edly, a man of a great deal of modesty and good judgment in regard to all his actions. As a preacher he excels in the fervor of feeling which marks the thoroughly religious mind and heart. He speaks fluently, while his agreeable voice and well-chosen gestures give force and effect to every word that he utters. But the most noticeable feature of his preaching is its earnest and affectionate appeal to the uncon- verted. As a man and a minister his sole ambition is to save souls. The glow of his eloquence and the logic of his arguments, all arise from this one impulse, and hence he preaches at once mth sincerity and effectiveness. 490 REV. JAMES H. RYLANCE, D. D., HECTOR OF ©T. M:j4.K,lt'S :E1FI^COS?A.Ij CHTJKCH, NEW yokk:. ; EY. DR JAMES H. RYLANCE was born in the city of Manchester, England, June 16th, 1826. He was gradu- ated at King's College, London, in 1858. He took holy orders as deacon in 1861, and priest in 1862, in the dio- cese of Westminster. He was first settled at St. Paul's Church, Southwark, London, and remained there about two years. At the solicitation of the late Bishop Mcllvaine, Dr. Eylance then came to the United States, and, having transferred his ecclesiastical connection to the diocese of Ohio, became rector of St. Paul's Church, Cleveland, where he labored for three years and eight months. He then went to St. James' Church, Chicago, re- maining the same length of time. At Easter, 1871, he entered upon his present rectorship of the ancient parish of St. Mark's, New York. He is an associate of King's College, having the title of A. K C, and in 1867 received the degree of D. D. from the Western Reserve University. He wrote and published in England " Preachers and Preaching ; " 9, critique by a " Dear Hearer," and was a contributor to the Homiliai, published in London. He has also published vari- ous sermons ; more recently be has delivered before his congregation several series of very able lectures on religious topics. " The Protestant Episcopal Church of St Mark in the Bowery, in the city of New York," its original and legal title, has an inter- esting history. The ground is a part of the bouwery, or farm, owned by Grovernor Peter Stuyvesant, the last of the Dutch rulers of New York, which covered a greater portion of the present Eleventh and Seventeenth wards, and a section of the Sixteenth. He was a Chris- tian man, and a member and raling elder of the Reformed Dutch de- nomination, and on this site erected a chapel for the accommodation of his family, and the few residents in the neighborhood. Stuy vesant arrived in 1647, but it is not known when the chapel was built The earliest date connected with its existence is 1660. When the Rev. Henry Selyus came out from Holland to be the Dutch 191 EEV. JAMES H. ETLANCE, D . D. minister in New York, Governor Stuyvesant arranged for him to preach a portion of the time in the chapel ; and other clergymen who came over, did the same thing. A vault was built under the chapel, which is the Stuyvesant family burial-place to this day. After the decease of the Governor and his wife, the chapel was unoccupied, and fell into decay. In 1793, Mr. Peter Stuyvesant, the great-grand- son of the Governor, took means to induce the vestry of Trinity Church to organize a new parish, and build a church on this site. He offered to contribute eight hundred pounds, and a lot of land one hundred and fifty feet in width, and one hundred and ninety in length. On the 19th of Julj'-, 1795, the vestry of Trinity Church agreed to raise five thousand pounds for the proposed building. The corner-stone was laid on the 25th of April, 1795, and the church was consecrated by Bishop Samuel Provoost on the 9th of May, 1799. On the 27th of August, of the same year, the Trinity Vestry appointed trustees, to whom a conveyance was made of the church and land, in trust for the congregation, when organized. The first sale of pews took place October 2d, 1799, and the election of a vestry was on the 18th of the same month. The revenues of the church did not support it, and financial assistance was again asked of Trinity Church. This corporation, November 8th, 1800, deeded thirty lots of land in the city to St. Mark's Church, which produced twelve hundred and fifty dollars a year. In 1804, fifty- seven pews in St. Mark's brought a total yearly rental of only $562.50, and in 1828, sixty-eight pews rented for only $943. The number of communicants in 1804 was about twenty. A steeple to the church was built in 1826, and several important alterations and repairs took place from 1834 to 1836. In 1803 Mr. Peter Stuy- vesant gave lots on Eleventh street for a parsonage, and in 1804, ground for a cemetery. A record, bearing date of July 20th, 1804, shows that pew No. 9, was reserved for the use of Mr. Stuyvesant and his family and descendants forever free of charge for rent. On the outer eastern wall of the edifice is a tablet bearing the follow- ing inscription : " In this vault lies buried Peter Stuyvesant, late Captain-General and Commander in Chief of Amsterdam in New Netherlands, now called New York, and the Dutch "West India Islands. Died in August, A. D. 1682, aged eighty years." On the 15th of February, 1800, the Eev. John Callahan was called to the rectorship, and accepted, but he died in a short time from an accident. The Eev. William Harris was .called December 23d, 1801, and served until November 14th, 1816, about fifteen 492 BEV. JAMES H. RYLANCE, D. D. years, when he resigned, by reason of the duties of President of Columbia College, to which he had been previously elected, re- quiring all of his time. On December 3d, 1816, the Rev William Creighton was called, and remained the rector for nearly twenty years, until May 5th, 1836. The Rev. Dr. Henry Anthon was called December 17th, 1836, and was the rector until his death, many years later. In May, 1861, the Rev. Dr. Alexander H. Vinton became the rector, and remained a number of years. For an inter- val there was no regular rector, when, in 187'1, the Rev. Dr. Ry- lance accepted a call to the parish. The church is still pleasantly located, and attended by many of the old families. Dr. Rylance is of the medium height, with a solid, vigorous friame, and a large, intellectual head. On first acquaintance he is some- what reserved, but this soon wears away into a most genial and af- fable sociality. He is of a cheerful, frank, out-spoken nature, when once on terms of intimacy with you, and association with him be- comes characterized by that superior attractiveness belonging to culture and good nature combined. A man of deep learning and a thoroughly student life, he is also one of most practical observa- tion. Consequently, his opinions are always well-informed, valuable, and useful. In social life he exerts a powerful influence, for he is a ready talker, quick and keen in his statements and arguments, and so interesting and agreeable withal that he instantly obtains both attention and esteem. In his public duties he is equally marked for a force of character and far-reaching ability, which secure to him the highest results in all his labors. He writes with great scope and beauty of thought. He has a fluent and easy command of the best English, and he is singularly happy in unfolding the treasures of scholarly research, in elaborating the details of arguments and facts, and in the glowing paintings of his fancy. These writings are always attractive reading, and when uttered by him as sermons or lectures have the added charm of an expressive and eloquent delivery. A critical examination of the merits of Dr. Rylance as a preacher must necessarily place them beyond all dispute. In every particu- lar he is found capable of maintaining the reputation of the pulpit, for learning, eloquence and piety in their utmost degree. Showing a propriety in all things, as far as conduct is concerned, and having the power of commanding talents, he stands at once one of the shin- ing ornaments and earnest workers of his profession. 493 REY. WM. T. SABINE, RECTOR OF" THE CHURCH Or" THE ^TONE- MiEISTT, NEW YORK!. EY. WILLIAM T. SABINE was born in New York, October 16th, 1838. He was graduated at Columbia College in 1859, and at the General Episcopal Theological Seminary in 1862. He was made deacon in 1862, at the Church of the Transfiguration, by Bishop Potter, and priest in S& 1863, at the Church of the Ascension, by the same bishop. He was first settled as assistant to Rev. Dr. Tyng, at St George's Church, where he remained nine months. In December, 1863, he was called to the Church of the Covenant, Philadelphia, where he remained until April, 1866, when he returned to l^ew York, to un- dertake the rectorship of the Church of the Atonement, then a new parish. A few Episcopal gentlemen having determined that another church • of their fast growing denomination was necessary in the upper portion of the city, religious services were commenced in the chapel of the Home of the Eriendless, in Twenty-ninth street Out of this effort gi'ew the Church of the Atonement, which was organized in No- vember, 1865, having ten communicants. Mr. Sabine was called to the rectorship, and the church became exceedingly prosperous. The church property on the corner of Madison avenue and Twenty-eighth street, about to be vacated by Dr. Osgood's Unitarian congregation, and formerly owned by Dr. Montgomery's Episcopal congregation, was purchased by the Church of the Atonement for seventy thousand dollars, and duly occupied May 14th, 1867. The entire indebtedness has been paid, with the exception of about seventeen thousand dol- lars. The number of communicants is now two hundred, and the Sunday-school has one hundred and twenty children, and is increasing. Mr. Sabine is of the medium height His head is large and round in the upper portion, the brow being full and overhanging. His eyes are light and deep-set in their sockets. It is not to be doubted but 49i KEV. "WILLIAM T. SABINE. that he has much strength of mental action, moral resolution, and physical energy. As a student at college and the seminary he was conspicuous for his application to his studies, and for his powerful, natural qualities of mind. In the lesser public duties of the rector, such as reading the services, etc., his performance is entirely satisfac- tory. As a preacher he is equally acceptable in point of matter. His sermons show thought and originality, and, in fact, nothing is more clear in his character than a desire, which amounts to a deter- mination, to be his own thinker. Hence he takes hold of his subjects of thought in a mode peculiarly his own; and while his language is terse and to some extent brilliant, his reasoning is taken from newly conceived standpoints, and is full of force. His hearers are compelled to treat his sermons with the profound respect and attention which intellectual thought is always entitled to receive. Mr. Sabine has gathered a large and attached congregation. His deeply religious and conscientious life is suggestive to all who observe it, while its measure of success in not less noticeable. 495 REY. PHILIP SCHAFF, PH. D., D. D., OPKOFESSOK OF THE TJTflON THEOI^OGXCA-Ij ©em:i]va.ky, ttew yokk:. EV. DR PHILIP SOHAFF was born in Chur, ia the Canton of Grisons, Switzerland, January 1st, 1819. He was educated at the Universities of Tiibingen, Halle, and Berlin, at the last of which he was graduated a doctor of philosphy, and licentiate of divinity in 1841. After this a con- siderable period was given to travel, as the private tutor of a Prussian nobleman, through France, Switzerland and Italy. Eeturn- ing to Berlin he became a lecturer on theology. In October, 1843, the synod of the German Eeformed Church, in session at Winchester, Virginia, invited him to accept a professorship of theology at Mercersburg, Pennsylvania, and having been ordained at Elbertfeld, he came to America in 1844. A charge of heresy was brought against him before the synod which met at York, Pennsyl- vania, by reason of certain views expressed in a work published in Berlin, previous to his call to the United States, and also in his in- augural at Mercersburg, but he was honorably acquitted. He re- mained in this professorship for a number of years, teaching in con- nection with Dr. Nevin and Dr. Wolff. In 1854, he went to Europe as the representative of the German Eeformed Church of America in two important religious assemblages of that date, and at Berlin and other places accepted invitations to lecture on America. He received the degree of D. D. from the University of Berlin in the same year. At length he removed to the city of New York, where he has found a field affording him the widest opportunities for his scholarly attain- ments and pious zeal. In 1869, he accepted his present professorship of Apologetics and Symbolics in the Union Theological Seminary. He made several visits to Europe in behalf of the American Branch of the Evangelical Alliance, to arrange for the meeting in New York, first appointed for 1870, and then postponed, on account of the French and German war, to 1873. The Evangelical Alliance, consisting of 496 EEV. PHILIP SCHAFF, PH. D., D. D. Christians of different nationalities and creeds, was founded in Lon- don, in 1846, for the express purpose of promoting religious liberty and Christian union on the basis of that liberty. When it was de- termined to memorialize the Emperor of Eussia on the subject of the religious persecutions in that Empire, particularly in the Baltic prov- inces, a Commission of influential American citizens was appointed to join with, similar deputations from the various foreign branches of the Alliance. This commission consisted of fourteen gentlemen, of whom Dr. Schaff was one of the most prominent and active. On the assembling and organizing of the delegations at Stuttgart, Dr. Schaff was elected President, and at the interview with Prince Grortschatoff, the Russian Prime Minister, at Friedrichshafen, in Germany, July 14th, 1871, he presented the members of the deputation by name, and then stated on their behalf, the speicific object of their mission. The interview lasted bver an hour and a half, during which several of the delegates further advocated the subject, and the Prince entered fiilly and respectfully into the discussion. He declined to 'receive the European memorial, by reason of some objectionable language in it, and at his suggestion, the American memorial was finally with- drawn ; but the Emperor has since acted favorably upon some of the named grievances. At the request of the British committee, for the revision of the Authorized English Version of the Scriptures, through the Dean of "Westminister, Dr. Schaff extended an invitation to American schol- ars to co-operate with them in the work. A meeting was held in New York, December 7th, 1871, at which an American committee of twenty-two eminent theological scholars was appointed to aid in the revision, who are thus engaged. Dr. Schaff is at the head of the division of the committee in charge of tbe New Testament revision. Two sections of the constitution adapted by the meeting provide as follows I — " The British companies will submit to tbe American companies, from time to time, such portions of their work as have passed the first revision; and the American companies will transmit their criti- cisms and suggestions to tlie British companies before the second re- vision. " A joint meeting of the American and British companies shall be held, if possible, in London, before final action." Dr. Schaff has written, translated, and edited a large number of i97 KEV. PHILIP SOHAPF, PH. D., D. D. important works. He has published in German " The Sin against the Holy Ghost," (1844, Halle) ; " On James and the Brothers of Jesus," (Geneva and Chambersburg, Penn., 1851) ; " History of the Apostolic Church," (Mercersburg, 1851, second edition, Leipsic, 1854, translated into English by the Eev. B. D. Yoamans, New York and Edinburgh, 1853 ; translated also into the Dutch and French) ; " Ger- man Hymn Book, with a Historical Introduction and Notes," (Phila- delphia and Berlin, 1859). His works in English are, " "What is Church History, A Vindication of the Idea of Historical Develop- ment," (Philadelphia, 1846) ; " St. Augustine ; His Life and Labors," (New York, 1853, German, Berlin, 1854); "America; its Political, Social, and Religious Character," (Lectures delivered by request in Berlin, 1850, and translated into English in 1855) ; " Germany ; its Universities and Divines," (Philadelphia, 1857) ; " History of the Christian Church of the first three centuries," in four volumes, (New York and Edinburgh, 1858) ; " The Moral Character of Christ ; or, the Perfection of Christ's Humanity, a proof of his Divinity," (1860), and a Catechism for Sunday Schools," (1861). He published the Kirclienfeund, a theological monthly for the German Churches of America, fi?om 1848 to 1853, and was co-editor of the Mercersburg Review for several years. He is now engaged in the translation and revision of the great work entitled, " A commentary on the Holy Scriptures, Critical, Devotional, and Homiletical, by John Peter Lange, D. D., of which fifteen volumes have been published. In 1873, he edited and published in New York, " The Revision of the English Version of the New Testament," as discussed by the Eev. Doctors Lightfoot, Ellicott, and French, with an introduction by himself. He has also contributed largely to American and foreign periodicals. He preaches occasionally, but most of his appearances as a speaker re- late to special objects of public interest. At all sucb times he is fluent, learned, and interesting. Dr. Schaff is of the medium height, and equally proportioned. He has a decidedly intellectual head, with a countenance usually composed and serious, but which in conversation lights up witb ani- mation. His manners are courteous, and he is affable and kindly with all persons. He ranks with the ablest theological scholars, teach- ers, and writers of the brilliant period in which he lives. A man of profound erudition, unwearying application to study, and remarkable energy, he has, also, those popular personal characteristics, which readily secure extended acquaintance and influence. KEY. NOiH H. SCHENCK, D. D., TIECTOK OF ST. A.N3V'® ESPXCOP^IL. CHXJKCH, 'EV. DR NOAH H. SCHENOK was bom in Mercer county, New Jersey, about eight miles from Trenton, June 30th, 1825. He was graduated at Princeton College in 1844, and, after due preparation, was admitted to the bar New Jersey. He practiced at Trenton for one year, when, in 1848, he went to Cincinnati, where he continued his profession for three years longer. Having now determined upon a clerical career, he commenced a theological course at the Episcopal seminary of Gambler, Ohio, where he was graduated in 1853. In the same year he was made deacon at Grace Church, Brooklyn, by Bishop Mcll- yaine, of Ohio, and priest in the following year, by the same bishop, at St. James' Church, Zanesville, Ohio. He was first settled over a parish at Hillsboro', in Ohio, where he remained from 1853 to the spring of 1856. During this time he was instrumental in the erec- tion of one of the most beautiful Gothic churches to be found in the whole State. He next went to the parish connected with the college at Gambler, where he labored from Easter, 1856, to August, 1857. A great revival marked his ministry in this period. Seventy -four persons united with the church at one time, of whom forty-eight were students of the college. In 1857 he went to Trinity Church, Chicago, where he officiated until 1859. He established and edited the Western Qhurchman, in Chicago, and also organized the Protes- tant Aid Society of Illinois. In 1859 he became the successor of the Eev. Dr. Johns at Emanuel Church, Baltimore, where he re- mained until May 1st, 1867, when he became rector of his present extensive parish, St Ann's, of the city of Brooklyn. At one period Dr. Schenck owned and edited the Protestant Church- man, of New York. A volume of "Letters from Europe" will probably soon appear. He has published a large num- ber of occasional sermons and addresses. During the last year 499 EEV. NOAH H. SCHEKOK, D. D his sermons, addresses, and speeches have averaged one for eacli day. He received his degree of D. D. from Princeton College a,bout 1865. He has visited Europe several times. On the 14th of July, 1871, he was present as one of the deputation of the American branch of the Evangelical Alliance appointed to memorialize the Emperor of Russia in behalf of religious liberty in that empire, at the interview with Prince Gortschakoff, the Prime Minister, held at Friedrichshafen, in Germany. Episcopal worship was held in Brooklyn at an early date. Says an account: "The introduction of the Episcopal service in this town was nearly co-equal with the entrance of the British army. Al- though it has been conjectured that it was some years antecedent to that event, there is no evidence of this fact Before the revolution the settlement was very small, and all the inhabitants, it is believed, were connected with the Dutch congregation, which then constituted the only religious society. During the war, as it was natural to ex- pect, the British officers had divine services performed according to the ibrms of their own church. Where they usually met is not known, but, with a truly catholic spirit, the Dutch people kindly al- lowed them the use of their church, when not occupied by their own ministers. This General Johnson recollects as a fact" Rev. James Sayre officiated from 1778 to about the time of the evacuation, in 1783, and was followed by the Rev. George Wright The place of meeting was a private house in what is now Fulton street The barn of John Middagh, in the rear of his house, which was on the corner of Fulton and Henry streets, was next occupied, and then a building in the neighborhood, erected by the British dur- ing the war, was fitted up for the purpose. In 1785 a small frame house, which had been erected on what was subsequently the Epis- copal burial ground, on Fulton street, opposite Clark street, became the place of worship, and was consecrated by Bishop Provost in 1787. The society was incorporated April 23d, 1787, as the " Epis- copal Church of Brooklyn," and on a reorganization, June 22d, 1795, was incorporated as " St Ann's Church," a name long given it in compliment to Mrs. Ann Sands, who with her husband, Joshua Sands, presented a valuable site for a church edifice. A new stone church was erected on the comer of Sands and Washington streets, and consecrated May 30th, 1805. The walls of this building were seriously damaged by the explosion of a powder mill in the vicinity, and the edifice at present on this site was erected in 1824. Rev. 500 BEV. NOAH H. Elijah D. Eettoone was the rector from 1789 to 1792 ; Eev. Samuel Nesbitt from 1793 to 1798 ; Eev. John Ireland from 1798 to 1807 ; Eev. Dr. Feltus fi-om 1807 to 1814 ; Eev. Dr. John T. K. Henshaw, afterward Bishop of Ehode Island, from 1814 to 1817 ; Eev. Dr. Hugh Smith from 1817 to 1819; Eev. Dr. Henry W. Onderdonk, afterward Bishop of Pennsylvania, from 1819 to 1827 ; Eev. Dr. Chas. T. Mcllvaine, afterward Bishop of Ohio, from 1827 to 1833 ; Eev. Dr. Benjamin 0. Cutler from 1833 to 1863 ; Eev. Laurence H. Mills from 1864 to 1867, when the Eev. Dr. Schenck became the incum- bent. It will thus be seen that some of the most eminent men in the Episcopal church have held the rectorship of this ancient church.. It is largely endowed, owning valuable property in both Brooklyn and New York. A fine row of stores occupy the old burial ground, from which the. dead were removed a few years since. By reason of the growth of the city and the removal of many of the congregation from the neighborhood of the early church, it be- came necessary to provide for a building in some other section. Accordingly very eligible lots were purchased on the corner ot Clinton and Livingston streets, where a magnificent church and chapel have been erected. The chapel was first completed and at once occupied. The corner-stone of the main edifice was laid May 8th, 1867, and the completed structure was opened for public worship, with imposing services, October 20th, 1869. The entire cost of the chapel, church, and organ was three hundred and fifty thousand dollars. Both the exterior and interior of this imposing church edifice have strongly marked characteristics, and command attention by novel and unique architectural features. The exterior is a com- bination of Belleville brown stone and white stone from the Ohio quarries. The architecture is that known as decorated or middle pointed. The result of the use of the two kinds of stone in the manner it is employed, is to bring out strongly the contrast of the red and white. The uncommon height of the building, which is one hundred feet from the floor to the pitch of the roof, contributes largely to the effect both without and within. Towers rise above the ridge and cresting of the roof to the height of thirty-six feet The caps of the columns of the central entrance doors are richly carved in leaves and grapes, mingled with ears of wheat, expressive and suggestive of the elements of the sacrament. The traceries of the windows are all of stone, and of an elaborate nature. The lines and figures are geometrical, and h.-ive a strong and beautiful expres- 501 REV. NOAH H. SCHENCK, D. D. eion, combining ideas typical and illustrative of different Christian principles, sucla as tlie interlacing of the triangle and trefoil, sng^ gestive of the indivisibility and equality of the Grodhead. The body of the edifice has five parallel aisles. The chancel is a most striking feature, being very rich and elaborate, and having a different arrangement fi-om most Episcopal churches. The galleries are broad and spacious. The beautiful windows of stained glass have texts from Holy Writ, such as " I am the bread of life," " I am the light of the world," etc. The walls, ceiling, and arches are painted in different colors with much artistic taste. On the right side of the chancel are the robing, vestry, Bible class, infants' and music rooms, and rector's study. The basement is devoted to the Sunday school, and is a spacious and convenient apartment The church is lighted in an ingenious manner by jets around the caps of the nave columns, and the heating and ventilation are all accomplished by the most approved plans. In architectural finish, in richness of ornamenta- tion, and in general completeness and convenience, this structure has no superior in the United States. The old church, on "Washington street, is still maintained, with a clergyman in charge. There are between five and six hundred com- municants attending the two churches, and about eight hundred children in the Sunday schools. Dr. Schenck is a person of large physical proportions and most impressive presence. He is tall, round, and erect Equally propor- tioned, he is easy and graceful in all his movements. His head is made to match this commanding and finely proportioned statura It is large and noble in its every aspect, and rests well poised, with its evident wealth of mental power, as the crown of perfection to the whole physical man. The features are regular and highly intel- lectual. His eyes are soft, but have a direct and observing glanca The whole expression of his face is amiable in the extreme, but it is an amiability that has mingled with it none of the elements of a mere passive weak character. On the contrary. Dr. Schenck is decided and forcible, and has great individuality in all his proceed- ings. His is a nature gentle, forbearing, and good, and yet one of ever-present firmness and dignity in action. All the high-toned qualities and finished graces of the born and educated gentleman appear in his intercourse with all classes. He is entirely approach- able, as his manners and address are most courteous and bland, but still he has a natural dignity that greatly impresses you. In the dif 502 BEV. HOAH H. SOHE STC K, " D. D. ferent circles of society, whether it be the unrestrained aad genial, or the learned and sedate, he is.equally admired. Cheerful and fascin- ating in the one, he is instructive and circumspect in the other. Frank, generous, and lofty-minded in all his impulses, he is a man who quickens the heart with its most sincere attachments, and inspires the mind to its most virtuous aspirations. He is a preacher of eloquence and power. As soon as you. look at him in the pulpit you become convinced of his ability. His massive head, and his face beaming in every line with intellectuality, tell the eye of the observer that here is a man of force, of will, and brain. When he speaks, this opinion is fully confirmed. His voice is firm, full, and smooth. His language is choice, terse, and elo- quent. He is argumentative, but has passages of fine imagery throughout All that he says shows the thoughtful and scholarly man — one full of love for his fellow-creatures — one whose every impulse and hope is allied to virtue and religion — and one who, while he feels the holy comfort of an abiding faith, is fully alive to the responsibilities of his pastoral ofl&ce. All his talents, all his zeal, and all his nerve are devoted to his work. He begrudges nothing, but rather concentrates and intensifies everything to secure the more fruitful success. In his sermons, filling the measure of oratory and scholarship, he is in no wise lacking in religious fervor and solemnity. Dr. Schenck is one of the strong men of the day. He moves in the path of duty and labor with no uncertainty of purpose or hesitation of action. Endowed with natural talents of a high order, his learning has attained to the most profoiind scholarship. A theologian, but also a practical and wide observer in regard to every department of human interest, he is thoroughly informed for the work of a leader and teacher among men. His efforts, not less than his talents, are worthy of the intelligent age in which he lives. A servant of the church, he is at the same time its hero. Humble and obedient in doing the will of the Master, he is a bold aggressive champion of the faitL Beautiful in character, and pure in life, he is unwearying in professional energy, and devout and self-sacrificing in all his duties. 503 REV. WILLIAM A. SCOTT, D.D., LL. D., IL1A.TE PA.HTOR OF TJtIE FOKTY-SECOIVI* ©TKEET ITlESlSYTEIilAN CHUKCH, 3VETV YOKK. IeV. DE. WILLIAM A. SOOTT was born near Nash- ville, Tennessee, January 30th, 1813. He was graduated at Cumberland University in 1833, and in theology at Princeton Seminary in 1834. Before going to Cumberland College in 1829, he was licensed at Cumberland University ; in 1829 he was licensed as a Presbyterian minister by the Presby- tery of Hopewell, West Tennessee, and for the period of one year was a missionary in the then wilds of Tennessee and Kentucky. He traveled on horseback among the Indian tribes and white settlements, pioneering out his own roads, lying out at night, and preaching in the cabins, forest, or anywhere that hearers could be obtained. On one occasion he had an appointment at a log building, but a storm kept away all save one man, to whom the sermon was preached, as a large fire crackled on the dirt floor in the centre of the apartment. He served as a volunteer chaplain during the Black Hawk war, passing most of the time at Fort Crawford, Prairie du Chien. At the close of the Black Hawk war he descended the Mississippi river, whose banks were then without white inhabitants, to Keokuk in a small canoe with no other campanion than a small half-breed Sioux boy ; and returning to the University he recommenced his studies, and was enabled to graduate with his class in 1833. In 1834, leaving Prince- ton Seminary, he entered the Presbytery of Louisiana and labored as a missionary in that State, being ordained in 1835, at Alexandria, on Eed Eiver. His health failing him, he accepted a call to the Cum- berland Presbyterian Church, at Winchester, Tennessee, where he remained firom 1836 until 1838. In the latter year he became Presi- dent of the Nashville Female Academy, and also preached at the Hermitage Church, on the estate of General Andrew Jackson. It may be stated that Dr. Scott's relations with the immortal Jackson were of the most intimate character, and he possesses many autograph S04 EEV. WILLIAM A. SCOTT, D. D., LL. D. letters and souvenirs of the departed statesman. A copy of an en- graving, thought by Gen. Jackson to be the best extant of himself, bears on the back, in bold penmanship, this inscription : " Gen. A. Jackson, with his kind regards, presents his friend, the Eev. Mr. Scott, the enclosed picture of himself, as a memento of his personal esteem and kind recollection of his friend, Mr. Scott Hermitage, November 29th, 1841. Andrew Jackson." In 1839, Dr. Scott became pastor of the Presbyterian Church at Tuscaloosa, Alabama, where he remained eighteen months, going in 1841 to the Presby- terian Church on Lafayette square, New Orleans. Later, his health ■failed him, and he went twice to Europe, and also visited California. The climate of the Pacific restored him, and, returning, he resigned his charge in New Orleans, in 1854, and, removing to San Francisco, organized the Calvary Presbyterian congregation, over which he re- mained until 1861. It was mainly through Dr. Scott's exertions that University College, San Francisco, was established in 1859. He deliv- ered a powerful sermon, entitled "A Discourse for the Times," in 1856, during the reign of terror under the Vigilance Committee, taking ground against its proceedings. In 1858, he was Moderator of the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church. Eesigning his charge in San Francisco, he a third time took his departure for Europe, and remained abroad two years, a portion of the time min- istering in New John street Presbyterian Church, Birmingham. He published in London one of the first replies addressed to Bishop Colenso, entitled " Moses and the Pentateuch." Eeaching New York in the Summer of 1863, Dr. Scott accepted the pastorship of the Forty-second street Presbyterian Church. Dr. Scott received the degree of A. M. from the University of Alabama in 1840, and that of D. D. from the same institution in 1844. "While abroad in 1850-51, he made the tour of the Holy Land. For three years he was editor of the New Orleans Presbyterian, and he founded the Pacific Expositor, a religious magazine. He is also the author of "Daniel, a Model for Young Men," published in 1854; " Wedge of Gold," 1856-58; "Trade and Letters — their Journeys Eound the World," 1856 ; " Giant Judge, or the Story of Samson," 1859-60 ; " Esther, the Hebrew Queen," 1859 ; " The Church in the Army," 1862 ; besides various sermons, &c. A sermon entitled " Bible and Politics," being a plea for religious free- dom in the public schools, made a great sensation. More recently he published his most important work, " The Christ of the Apostles' 605 BEV. WILLIAM A. SCOTT, Creed : tlie voice of the Church against Arianism, Strauss and JJenan." With an appendix, by Rev. W. A. Scott, D. D. We take the following selection from a sermon entitled "Faith, the Element of Missions," preached before a General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church : "There is no faculty of the mind, no noble and pure affection of the heart, no proper action of social relation of man, that true religion does not recognize and bless. A belief in God is itself the suhlimest conception the human mind can en- tertain. An intelligent, earnest apprehension of God as our Heavenly Father does more than anything else to expand, strengthen, elevate and refine the human intellect. As mind is truly the offspring of God, the entrance of his ward giveth light. Other things being equal, the pious are possessed of more strength of intellect, of greater sources of enjoyment, and of infinitely greater expectations in the world to come. It is in those countries and amongst those races and generations that have been most com- pletely under the influence of the Word of God that we find the highest development of intellect, virtue, and patriotism. It is in their history that we see the greatest breadth and solidity of character, the sublimest conceptions of the invisible world, and the purest forms of government. It is with them that we find the poetry of ac.ion and the loftiness of genius. There was poetry loftier than the strains of MU- tou in the faith and heroism and moral sublimity of the Mayflower's cabin, when, as has been beautifully said, she hovered near the rocky shore, ' like a wounded sea-fowl, seeking some place to die.' Three thousand miles of waves stretched behind them and between them and civilization. Their sails streamed in shreds through the win- ter's blasts, and before them lay an unknown, frowning, snow-clad coast, where the howling of the wild beast mingled with the wilder war-ory of the savage: and yet we hear of no regret shaking the high resolve of a single heart, nor of a tear dimming the lustre of a woman's eye. As fhey had lived by faith as pilgrims and strangers in the old world, of whom it was not worthy, so by faith they had crossed the stormy ocean; and now by faith they framed laws and made a constitution for a new empire, and then by faith debarked, and in faith poured out their hearts in psalms of gratitude, and build a house for God and a house for the instruction of their children ; and so do their descendants to this day, from the Atlantic to the Pacific. When our pious fiithers landed on the shores of the new world, they sowed a handful of seed-corn of the most precious kind on the broad fields of this vast continent, and, it being in- creased by fresh winnowings from Ireland, Scotland, Germany, and France, has multiplied itself a thousand fold, and the fruit thereof is now shaking as Lebanon over the globe. Was there nothing but witchcraft, blue laws, nasal chanting, and psalm- singing among the first settlers of America ? Was there no poetry, no faith, no heroism, no missionary spirit, in the high-souled, Heaven-trusting, Jesus-loving bands that sought the wilderness for freedom to worship God ? A careful study of the history of a large majority of the emigrants who first settled America shows that their prin- ciples and character were formed by reading and studying the Bible. Their faith seized on things to come, and brought them in daily communion with the living truths and unseen beings of a spiritual world. To them the Word of God was every- thing. To them the famous motto of Chilliugworth had a real meaning and applica- tion — ' The Bible is the religion of Protestants.' " In 1870, Dr. Scott accepted an earnest invitation to return to San Francisco, where he was warmly welcomed, and soon succeeded in establishing, St John's Presbyterian Church. This is now a large 506 EEV. WIIiLIAM A. SOOTT, D. D., LL. D. and flourishing congregation of which he is the pastor. Dr. Scott is also Professor of Systematic Theology in the San Francisco Theo- logical Seminary, an institution recently established. The University of New York conferred upon Dr. Scott the honorary degree of LL. D. in 1872. Dr. Scott is tall, with a large, broad frame, and high, rather round shoulders. His head is of good size, and, while it has no peculiarly striking marks in its formation, is well developed in the intellectual portions. The eyes are small and calm, but full of intelligence, and the whole expression of the countenance is that of a kind-hearted, re- flective, and far-seeing man. His manners are courteous and genial in the extreme. He interests you at once as a man of far more than the ordinary ability. Laying aside everything like reserve, he readily and delightfully falls into animated conversation. His conversational powers are the amplest He exhibits a fund of the widest learning and the richest thought upon deeper subjects, and not less spirit and intelligence in regard to those of 'a more common character. His life has been one of a varied experience, the largest acquaintance with his fellows, and a clear-sighted observation. A missionary in the wilds of America, a tourist in refined Europe, a pilgrim in the Holy Land, a preacher in the great cities, his field of view has been the most extensive ; and to experience he has added a treasure of lore gained in a lifetime of profound mental application. Fame and hon- ors have never lifted him away from sympathy and communion with the humblest who might cross his path, and exalted learning has not made him less the genial companion of those without a like possession. Hence there is a plainness, simplicity and fi:ankness in his deportment and speech which make him companionable for all men, and at the same time, when the occasion requires it, he rises to the grandest height of brilliant and dignified scholarship. Dr. Scott is an excellent writer and an agreeable speaker. If one thing more than another is apparent, it is that he has full mastery of his subject. A giant strength for debate is self- evident, a commanding self-possession appears throughout, and neither learning nor personal sincerity is ever lacking. His arguments stand forth impregnable bulwarks of logic, while every step in them is illustrated by the heart's pioua and sympathetic over- flowings. Of an independent, courageous nature, his assaults upon error are bold and uncompromising ; but to the suffering spirit he uses a tenderness of expression in which his religion and bis emotions have an equal part. 507 REV. HENRY MARTYN SCUDDER, D. D., PA-STOK OF THE CENTRA.X. COJVGtKEGA-TIONjLU CHURCH, BROOICXr-SnV. EV. DE. HENEY MAETYN SCUDDEE was bom in Panditerripoo, in the Island of Ceylon, lying off the Southern coast of Hindoostan, in the year 1822. His father was a missionary. He came to the United States when ten years old. In 1840, at the age of eighteen, he was graduated at the New York University, and in 1843 at the Union Theological Seminary, New York. He waa ordained as an evangelist of the Third Presbytery of New York, and sailed as a missionary for India in May, 1844. For twenty years he pursued the self-sacrificing labors of a missionary in India, and finally re- turned on account of ill health to the United States. After a settlement of a few months over a church in Jersey City, N. J., he was called to the pastorate of the Howard Presbyterian Church in San Francisco, California. He went to the Pacific coast in 1865, where he soon attracted a great deal of attention by his eloquent preaching. Six years later, in 1871, he accepted a call to file Central Congregational Church of Brooklyn, to succeed the Eev. J. Clement French, who had resigned by reason of impaired health. The first church edifice of this congregation, in Ormond Place, was built in 1853, at a cost of $27,000, by E. L. Crook, Esq., in the tnen suburbs of the city, doubtless " to enhance the value of the owner's large real estate interest in the vicinity," having "also a well considered regard for its moral and social influence upon the com- munity of which it was by-and-by to become the center." The Congregationalists were the first to occupy the building as a society, having organized in 1854, under Eev. Mr. Parker, who was succeed- ed by Mr. French. In 1863 extensive improvements were made in the building, at an expenditure of three thousand dollars. A new organ cost two thousand dollars additional. At that date the con- gregation had increased from scarcely a dozen to one hundred and 508 EEV. HENEY MAETYN SCUDDEE, D. D. seventy-five families, and it continued thus to prosper and increase throughout the ministry of Mr. French. Soon after Dr. Scudder came, the imposing structure now occupied was erected. It cost a large sum of money, and contains one of the most capacious and finest audience rooms in the country. Dr. Scudder received the degree of M. D. from the New York University, and the degree of D. D. from Rutgers College, New Brunswick. In all his pastoral positions, as well as in active rela- tions to the leading religious movements and enterprises of the day, he has been an efficient and conscientious worker, and he conse- quently exerts an influence which goes far beyond his own church and denomination. He often appears on the platform as a speaker, at anniversaries and other meetings of the city organizations engag- ed in different works of evangelization and reform, where he is listened to with great interest and profit. He is a man of the most sincere convictions of piety and duty. All the associations and impulses of his life have been of a nature to lead him to a deep spirituality of thought and conduct. He is absorbed in his mission to men, and in the faithful performance of all its obligations is his highest ambition and his eternal hopes. Hence in the daily demands of pastoral duty, and in the preaching of God's word, he is solely intent upon accomplishing the greatest good to his fellow-creatures by the untiring application of his talents and energies to the purpose in view. In the first case, it is not personal convenience, nor in the second, is it desire for personal fame which control him, but in both it is the yearning and the resolution to dif- fuse the comforts of religion among a sinful and immortal race. Dr. Scudder's sermons are productions of far more than ordinary power. Learning, piety, and zeal are all aglow in them. "With a force and emphasis of action peculiar to the man, and with a clear- ness and beauty of language which arc invariable to his thought and utterance, he makes all occasions and all themes of memorable inter- est He is fluent and impassioned. His command of language and grasp of his subject are both complete. Sometimes his words are quite ornate, though always powerful. Impressive in his appearance and a natural as well as a cultivated orator, he is well calculated to teach and move the masses. Arresting the public attention alike by his pleasing gifts of eloquence and erudition, he is one who makes full use of this circumstance for the advancement of religion. 509 REV. WILLIAM J. SEABURY, RECTOR OF THE CHURCH OF THiE jLlVNtJlVCIA.. TION, NEW YORK;. EV. WILLIAM J. SEABUEY, son of the late Eev. Dr, Samuel Seabury, was born in tbe city of New York, January 25th, 1837. He was graduated at Cohimbia College in 1856. He then studied law in the office of Stephen P. Nash, was admitted to the bar in 1858, ' and remained in practice for several years. In the autumn of 1864, he entered the General Episcopal Theological Seminary, and was graduated in the middle class in 1866. He was ordained dea- con in June, 1866, at the Church of th^ Annunciation, by Bishop Potter, and priest on the feast of St. Andrew, November 30th, 1867, at the same church and by the same prelate. Immediately on his first ordination he became the assistant of his father, who had been the rector of the Church of the Annunciation since its organization ■ in 1838. In 1868 Dr. Seabury resigned the rectorship, when the Eev. "William J. Seabury was at once elected to fill the vacancy. As Dr. Seabury was the rector of this parish for thirty years, and greatly distinguished himself as a preacher, professor, and writer, a notice of him is not inappropriate in this place : Eev. Dr. Samuel Seabury was born at New London, Conn., June 9th, 1801. He was the son of Eev. Charles Seabury, who was the son of Eev. Samuel Seabury, Bishop of Connecticut and Ehode Island, who was also the son of a clergyman. The subject of our notice attended school at his native place during his residence there, but when about thirteen years of age his father removed to Setau- ket. Long Island. Here there was not much opportunity for school- ing, and his father's salary as a country clergyman, was not sufficient to give him the advantage of other schools, or the privilege of a col- lege education. When about seventeen or eighteen years of age, he came to New York to gain a living for himself, but found tinie to pursue studies of his own. After a time he gave up the business 510 KEY. WILLIAM J. SEABUET. pursuits in which he was engaged, and opened a school. Having prepared himself for the Episcopal ministry, he was ordained deacon, and afterward priest, by Bishop Hohart, about 1826-27. After ordi- nation, he spent some time in preaching at Jamaica and Setauket, and. then took charge of the parish of Huntington, where his father and great-grandfather had been settled, and where his grandfather had also officiated. About a year later he was called to a parish in Astoria, or Hallet's Cove, as it was then called, on Long Island. While in charge of this parish he formed a connection with Eev. i)r, William A. Muhlenberg to act as one of the professors of St. Paul's College, which was then being established at Flushing, Long Island. He continued in this position until about 1834r-35. About the year 1832 he was invited to take the editorship of The Churchman, then vacant by the resignation and absence in Europe of Rev. Dr. Whittingham, now Bishop of Maryland, and he discharged the duties of the position until 1850-51. After leaving Astoria he officiated temporarily at the Church of the Nativity and St. Luke's Church, in New York, but had no permanent connection with any parish until the Church of the Annunciation was organized in 1838. The first services of this parish were held in the building on the corner of Prince and Thompson streets, now St. Ambrose's Church. In August, 184:7, the present spacious stone church edifice in Four- teenth street, between Sixth and Seventh avenues was occupied. Dr. Seabury was the first rector. In the winter of 1861-62, he began to perform the duties of the professorship of Biblical Learning and Interpretation of Scriptures at the General Episcopal Theological Seminary, New York, residing at the Seminary. He received the degrees of M. A. and D.D. from Columbia Collega His published works were various occasional sermons, and the fol- lowing : " The Christianity of the Church of England in the Six- teenth Century ;" " The Supremacy and Obligation of Conscience ;" "American Slavery Distinguished from the Slavery of English Theorists, and Justified by the Law of Nature ;" " The Theory and Use of the Church Calendar." A sermon preached at the funeral of the late Right Rev. Benjamin T. Onderdonk, Bishop of New York, entitled " Witness unto Truth," had a large circulation. For some years his health was impaired, but he continued to discharge his duties as professor until his sudden and lamented decease on Thurs- day, October 10th, 1872, at the age of seventy-one years. The present rector of the Church of the Annunciation is very RET. WILLIAM J. SEABUET. efficient and popular. The congregation is still numerous, and the choral services are noted as being among the best in the city. There are daily morning and evening prayers, and the weekly communion. In 1865, and again in 1872, Mr. Seabury visited Europe. On the 29th of October, 1868, he was married to Alice Van "Wyck, daughter of Thomas Marston Beare, of New York. In 1873 he was elected Charles and Elizabeth Ludlow Professor of Ecclesiastical Polity and Law, in the Episcopal General Theological Seminary, New York. Mr. Seabury is of the average height, and equally proportioned. He has an intelligent countenance, and is affiible in his manners and address. The Seabury family, through generations, has been one prominent for its religious and social culture, its clear, practical intelligence and earnest usefulness in life. This gentleman, in all these characteristics, is but a follower in the peculiarities and foot- steps of an illustrious ancestry. He has the highest virtue, much grasp of mind, and is ever busy in the Lord's work. He writes and preaches with scholarly power and eloquence, and his daily life is true to principle and duty. He has pablished a pamphlet con- taining an essay on the question of "The Lawfulness of Marriage with the Sister of a Deceased "Wife," with " Thoughts on a Proposed Canon," which are papers of great logic and power, upholding the Levitical law, prohibiting marriages within this degree of kindred. Making no assumption in regard to either merit or success, still he is a man whose career in both particulars is likely to be very highly esteemed by his fellow-men. 512 REV. NORMAN SEAYER, D. D., TP-A-STOK OF THE nilST PHESBYTEItlAIf CHUKCH (HENRY ST.), BKOOItX^YTT. BY. DR NOEMAN SEAYER was born in Boston, Mas- sachusetts, April 23d, 1834. He was graduated at the Latin School of that city in 1850, and at Williams College in 1854. In the following year he was ad- mitted to the Boston bar, where he practiced for some time. He determined, however, to study for the ministry, and, entering the theological seminary at Andover, Massa- chusetts, he pursued these investigations from 1858 to 1860, when he was graduated. His first settlemetit was over the Congregational Church at Eutland, Yermont, where he was ordained and installed in August, 1861. After a faithful service of over seven years, he accepted a call to the First Presbyterian Church in Henry street, Brooklyn, which is his present field of duty. He received the degree of D. D. from Middletown College, in Yermont, about 1866. The First Presbyterian Church in Henry street is an old or- ganization, early nnder the care of the celebrated Rev. Dr. Carroll, and then under that of the learned Rev. Dr. Samuel H. Cox, who was installed in May, 1837. At the period of the difficulties in the Presbyterian Church, which finally led to the formation of what was called the Old and New School branches, a division took place in the First Presbyterian Church of Brooklyn, the seceders adhering to the Old School body, and those remaining to the New. Both took the title of the First Presbyterian Church, and still retain it, though now a part of the re-united Presbyterian Church, and members of the same Presbytery. The other congregation was, for a long time, under the pastoral care of the Rev. Dr. Jacobus, who, in 1853, was succeeded by the Rev. Dr. Yan Dyke. The church is more par- ticularly designated as the First Presbyterian Church in Remsen 513 REV. NOEMAN SEAVEK, D. D. street Dr. Cox retired from the pastorship of the First Church in Henry street, after laboring seventeen years, leaving it one of the most numerous and wealthy congregations of Brooklyn. His first successor did not remain very long, and the next pastor was the Eev. Dr. Charles S. Eobinson, who came in March, 1860, and re- mained several years. Dr. Seaver next became the pastor. There is a present membership of about six hundred persons. A Mission chapel, under the care of the Rev. Charles Wood, and a Sunday School, of five hundred and fifty scholars, located in Concord street, near the Navy Yard, are supported by the First Church, and the home Sunday School has one hundred and fifty scholars. Dr. Seaver is of the average height, with a well-proportioned and erect figure. His eyes and complexion are light, and, in every particular, he is an excellent type of the New Englander. He is polite and friendly in his manners, with, however, more re^enre than forwardness. He talks pleasantly, and it is evident that he is a per- son of the utmost sincerity and kindness of feeling. In study he is an intellectual investigator, looking deeply into all subjects, and in his pastoral labors he is conscientious, devoted, and energetic. He preaches with a pointed and clear explanation of his theme, and with an earnest interest in the spiritual welfare of those committed to his charge. With constantly unfolding talents, and a steadfast purpose in doing his whole duty, he is one of the men upon whom his denomination and society may rely as a strong bulwark, 514 RET. GEORGE F. SEYMOUR, D. D., PllOFESSOTt OF ECC]L,ESIA.©TIC^]L. HISTOTIY ITS THE E:I>I©C0I»A.L GEISri:KA.lL. THEOIjOGICA-Ij SEaiiNA^itY, iIlM:Er> DDXJTCH CKCTJKCII, NETT yOBK:. ^EV. DR PETER STRYKER was bom at Fairfield, New Jersey, April 8th, 1826. He is the son of the Rev. Her- man B. Stryker, who, even at the advanced age of seven- ty-three, was active and efficient in the pastorship of the Huguenot Reformed (Dutch) Church on Staten Island. His grandfather, the Rev. Peter Stryker (after whom he is named), was for many years pastor of the Reformed Church of Belleville, K J., died in 1847, at the advanced age of eighty-three years. The Stryker family came originally from Holland. The name is prop- erly Strijcker, which means a smoother, or stroker, referring to the striking off of measures of wheat, etc. It is a very common name in the old country. A most popular preacher, now in Rotterdam has this name. In Motley's History of the "Dutch Republic," it is stated that in 1562, Herman Stryker, a converted monk, was one of the most popular preachers in the Reformed Church of Holland. Dr. Stryker entered the University of Pennsylvania in 1841, and passed two years there. Sxibsequently he entered Rutgers College, New Brunswick, where he was graduated in 1845, and took his theo- logical course at the Seminary of the Reformed Dutch Church at the same place, where he was graduated in 1848. He was ordained and installed pastor of the Third Reformed Dutch Church at Raritan, New Jersey, October 18th, 1848. Three years later, in the autumn of 1851, he accepted a call to the Reformed Dutch Church at Rhine- beck, Dutchess county, New York, one of the most influential churches of the denomination. Having accepted a call to the Re- formed Dutch Church on the corner of Broome and Greene streets. New York, he entered upon his duties in May, 1856, and was in- stalled on the 1st of June following. This congregation grew out of a missionary enterprise of the Re- formed Dutch denomination, organized January 9th, 1822. It was the 544, '^^ ""^^"^Z^ REV. PETER STKTKER, D. D. dssire of the society to establish preacliing near the corner of Canal street and Broadway, " a part of the city then growing rapidly," but no suitable room could be procured, and the locality was changed to the junction of Howard and Elm streets, where a room was ob- tained. Eev. Eobert McLean was the first missionary. The enter- prise prospered, and arrangements were made to build a cburch edifice on a site corner of Broome and Greene streets. The corner- stone was laid in June, 1823. In the month of October following, service was commenced in the basement. On February 8th, 1824, the church was dedicated, and in a few years had one of the largest and most influential congregations of -the city. The whole cost of l.^ts and building was $16^200. A debt of $7,000 was paid off in three or four years. The congregation was formally organized in December, 1823, and Mr. McLean was called as the first pastor in the following year. Eev. Dr. Jacob Brodhead was the pastor from 1826 to 1837; Eev. Dr. Samuel A. Yan Vranken from 1837 to 1841 ; Eev. Dr. George Fisher from 1841 to 1854, and Eev. Henry V. Vorhees from May to December, 1855, who resigned by reason of ill healtb. In April Dr. Stryker was called. In 1859 a debt bad accumulated of $17,000, and the congregation was greatly reduced in numbers by the removal up-town of its mem- bers. In May, 1859, a union was effected with the Livingston Ee- formed Dutch Church, worshipping in a hall on the corner of Thirty- third street and Eighth avenue, where services were continued. Meanwhile the down-town property was sold, and eligible building lots purchased in Thirty-fourth street. The last service took place in the old church April 15th, 1860, when Dr. Stryker .preached an appropriate discourse. In a period of between thirty-six and tbirty- seven years, 488 marriages were solemnized, 557 infants baptized, and 1,204 members admitted. A fine church building was erected on Thirty-fourth street, and dedicated March 3d, 1861. The cost was some $60,000. A debt of $35,000 which remained was liquidated in three or four years. The church was built during the depression occasioned by the break- ing out of the rebellion, and the beavy debt seriously threatened the prosperity of the congregation ; but its increase was such that it was soon able to remove all embarrassment. In the spring of 1868 Dr. Stryker left New York, and became the pastor of the North Broad Street Presbyterian Church, Phila- delphia. He was induced to leave that important field on account *^ 645 KEV. PETER STRTKER, D. D. of the ill health of two members of Lis family. He is now the pastor of the First Presbyterian Church of Eome, New York, one of the largest and most important churches of that denomination. His sphere of influence is evei:» larger than it was either in New York or Philadelphia. He has declined many invitations to settle in Chicago, and other prominent places. He is much engaged in the temperance cause, and also delivers popular ] ectures. His most entertaining and eloquent lectures are from under the respective titles of "Conversation," "Practicability," "Matrimony," and "Grease for the Wheel." In the summer of 1872 he returned from a tour in Europe, Egypt, and Palestine. Dr. Stryker received his degree of D. D. from the University of New York in April, 1866. For many years he has been a member of the Executive Committee of the Board of Domestic Missions, and he is one of the Council of the Patriot Orphan Home, at Flushing, Long Island. He has written largely for the "Christian Intelligencer," "Na- tional Advocate," and " The Youth's Temperance Banner," organs of the National Temperance Society. Among his writings is much in verse, including Sunday School, missionary, and temperance hymns. He has published a volume entitled " Three Little Grraves ;" another, entitled "Little Gems for the Saviour's Crown;" and a third will soon be put to press. The most noted of his published sermons are " l^he Lower Depths of the Great American Metropo- lis," and " The City Wholly Given to Idolatry." The following extract from one of Dr. Stryker's sermons is cha- racteristic of his style : " Beloved Christians, let us look forward to heaven as the place of our abode when we shall have conquered the last enemy, Death. Sweeter bliss than the most fertile imagination can conceive, purer and more perfect enjoyment than the Chris- tian can anticipate, awaits us there. All past evil will be forgotten, and the future be entirely free from sorrow. Every blessing which an intelligent and holy being can desire will be provided. The society of all the good who have ever inhabited earth, , and the angels who have never sinned, and what is infinitely more to be desired, the fellowship and love of the triune God, will be enjoyed. Oh ! how rav- ishing the anticipation ! To see the great white throne, the fountain gushing be- neath it, the river and the tree of life, the glory of the Lord ; to wear the crown, and hold the palm of victory, and strike the golden harp ; to hear the anthem of the angels and all the redeemed, and see the smile of Jesus ; to join in the song of tri- umph ; to have unfolded to our view the great mystery of redemption, and learn more and more of the wonderful nature of God, and the astonishing perfectionof His works— to do and experience all this, and yet to be so constituted as to feel no weariness ; to behold eternal day, and need no night to bring repose ; to see eternal 546 EEV. PETEK STRYKER, D. D. I sunshine, and require uo shadows to make us better appreciate the full splendor ; to eat, but never feel satiety ; to drink, but never become intoxicated ; to glide along on a calm sea that never has a ripple ; to sing with millions, and not one note of dis- cord ; and all the while the voice becoming attuned to higher and sweeter strains, the ear accustomed to drink in more delicious melodies, the mind expanding to comprehend richer truths, and the heart developing to the experience and expres- sion of purer and fuller love ! Perfection, and going on to perfection ! Glory, in- creasing glory ! Praise, higher praise ! Oh I this is Heaven. This is what the poor, toiling, careworn, infirm, sick, dying believer will experience when he has crossed the riU of death, and reaches the celestial city. This is what millions of poor pil- grims who rest from their weary journey have attained. " Dr. Stryker is about the average height, aDd rather sparely made. To look at him, he seems of a delicate, feeble organization, but he is really a person of a great deal of physical energy and en- durance. His head is well-formed, with regular features. His brow is round and well developed, and it is to be seen that his intellectual capacity is of no mean order. It is no trouble to become acquainted with Dr. Stryker. He is genial, talkative, and cheerful, and he puts you on a basis of good fellowship at once. You find him kind and considerate in all things ; but you see that his opinions are firm, his prejudices deep- seated, and his purpose marked o.ut and sustained by conscientious conviction. Dr. Stryker cannot but be regarded as a most valuable man in lais day and generation. He loves to work, and all that he a^tt^mpts is done with judgment and energy, and hence generally with suc- cess. He does not travel along the beaten track of his pastoral duties, but he puts his shoulder to the wheel wherever he thinks he can do his fellow-man a service. He writes a fluent and very practical sermon. It has a thorough- ly religious tone ; and while he never writes a word for mere dis- play, his thoughts naturally weave themselves into fervent and eloquent language. He is also logical and argumentative, and, whatever he has to say, does not hesitate to say it fearlessly and to the point. In all reforms he exhibits, great power. He is untiring, shows the keenest judgment in regard to the plans of the adversary, detects his weaknesses, and makes himself formidable by his intelli- gent mastery of the whole subject. Dr. Stryker is more progressive than most ministers of his de- nomination. He makes his pulpit a means of carrying forward his war of reform. Convinced of his own duty in the premises, he strikes trenchant blows on every hand, indifferent to all criticism, and only eager for the overthrow of vice. 547 REY. EDWIN C. SWEETSER, , r^STOK OF THE THIWD XJNIVJEKSA-IjIST i EV. EDWIN C. SWEETSER was bom in the town of Wakefield, Mass., March 16th, 1847. His father was a school-teacher during the greater part of his life after he attained his majority. An older brother is also a Univer- salist minister. He entered Tuft's College, Medford, Mass., a Universalist institution, in his sixteenth year, and wag graduated in his twentieth. After graduation he spent one year in business, and then entered the Theological School at St Lawrence University, Canton, N. Y., where he pursued his studies for one year. He then accepted a call to a Universalist Church in Syracuse, N. Y., beginning his labors there September, 1868. In September, 1869, he came to the city of New York, and entered upon the duties of his present pastorship over the Third Universalist Church, corner of Bleeker and Downing streets. This society was organized over forty years ago, and on the 19th of June, 1836, the present church was dedicated. Some years since the church was renovated at a cost of six thousand dollars, when the whole property was valued at fifty thousand dollars. There have been five pastors, Mr. C. F. Lafever, being the first The Eev. Moses Ballon and the Rev. Day K. Lee, both eminent ministers of the de- nomination, were also pastors for considerable periods. Mr. Lee died while in the service of the society, and was succeeded by the present pastor. The membership has nearly quadrupled under the ministry of Mr. Sweetser, and the attendance is much larger. It is expected that a new edifice will be built further up-town within a few years. Mr. Sweetser is of the average height, finely proportioned, and erect His head is of considerable size, with a pale, intellectual face. 548 EEV. EDWIN C. SWEETSEE. He is a man who instantly establishes himself in your favorable opinion by both appearance and manners. You see that he is full of the genuine frankness, friendliness, and amiability, which are so delightful in social intercourse. He has dignity, too, but it is of just that measure which should be seen in one of his clerical calling, without in any way taking from that spontaneous good feeling and good nature which belong to him naturally. Thus constituted, of course, he is a popular man, standing on intimate relations of friend- ship with all who know him. He preaches with a great deal of fervor and power. Deep, positive, and conscientious in his own religious convictions, he speaks with all the force of his mind and of his feelinga There is nothing dry or tame about it, for it is the strong outpouring of faith, and the glow of personal emotion. His language is choice and expressive, and his gesticulation is appropriate and timely. While he is still a young man in the ministry, it is clearly to be observed that he has a self- possession which gives much additional weight to his utterances. The reason for this .is, that he is a close student and a deep thinker, so that he goes into the pulpit with complete preparation to argue his subject and to defend it Prosecuting his chosen work with earnest- ness and fidelity, he illustrates it by the practice on his own part in a life of admired virtues. 549 REY. T. DE WITT TALMAGE, J»A.STOR OF THE CENTKA-t. I»ItESBYTETlIA.]V CHUKCH, BKOOJ&HiYW. EV. T. DE WITT TALMAGE was born near Bound Brook, New Jersey, January 7th, 1832. He is the son of David Talmage, who at one time was sheriff of Somerset county. Four brothers of this family are in the ministry — viz: James R. Talmage, D. D.; John Y.N. Talmage, D. D., a distinguished missionary in China ; Goyn Talmage, and T. De Witt Talmage. Another brother was the late Daniel Talmage, a well-known rice merchant of New York, and one of the originators of the Native American party and the order of United Americans. The subject of our notice was graduated at the University of the City of New York in 1853, and at the Theological Seminary, New Brunswick, in 1856. During the summer of the same year he was called to Belleville, New York, where he was duly ordained and installed. He remained in this position about three years, when, in 1859, he was called to the Second Re- formed Church of Philadelphia, where he labored seven years. From his earliest appearance in the pulpit he commanded marked public attention. He showed himself to be a man of original thought, and an orator of no mean ability ; hence crowds flocked to hear him, and his congregation grew in numbers and influence. At a period when his church in Philadelphia was in an extremely flourishing condition, he was invited to the pastorship of the Central Presbyterian Church, located on Schermerhorn street, Brooklyn, which was somewhat fee- ble and disorganized. He accepted, and was installed in April, 1869. The Central Presbyterian Church was, at an earlier date, located in Willoughby street, where for some time it was in charge of the Rev. Mr. Duffield. On the 13th of February, 1851, the Rev. Dr. J. Edson Rockwell was installed as the pastor, and thus remained for 550 EEY. T. DE WITT TALMAGE. some fourteen years, when he accepted a call to a Presbyterian cburcli on Staten Island. The congregation, after many trials, in which they were continually called upon to appreciate the cheerful hope and un- tiring energy of Dr. Eockwell, were enabled to build an edifice in Schermerhorn street, seating one thousand people, which was dedi- cated December 10th, 1854. The cost of the whole property was about thirty -four thousand dollars, of which an indebtedness of twelve thousand five hundred dollars remained until 1863, when it was j)aid. Mr. Talmage had preached, only one year, when the church be- came crowded at every service to its utmost capacity. All the pewa were taken at increased rentals, and the pastor was paid the large salary of seven thousand dollars. The increase has been constant, and now the assemblage at each service is immense. In 1870 a large structure was erected for the use of the congregation, on a site of six lots on Schermerhorn street, not far from the old church. In style it was plain, but substantial, having an interior constructed on the amphitheatre plan. It was known by the name of the " Tabernacle," and was crowded at each service. The great organ used in the Col- iseum in Boston during the Musical Peace Jubilee in 1869 was purchased for this church, and removed to Brooklyn. Just before service on a Sabbath morning in December, 1872, this novel struc- ture was totally consumed by fire. The Acadamy of Music was then obtained, and service was conducted there on each Sabbath until the completion of a new and larger church edifice on the former site. The corner-stone was laid with impressive services, on the 7th of June, 1873, and contained the following inscription :— " Brook- lyn Tabernacle, Built 1870 ; destroyed by fire December 22, 1872 ; rebuilt, 1873." The completed edifice was dedicated on Sunday Februaiy 22d, 1874, before an immense congregation. On the follow- ing Sunday three hundred and twenty eight new members were received and partook of the sacrament. The ceremony was witnessed by a congregation of five thousand people. This is one of the largest public buildings of Brooklyn, and there is no other church edifice at all to compare with it. The original church biiilding had been fitted up for a reading-room, and room for the social gatherings of the congregation. It is also used for the Free Lay College, an insti- tution for the instruction of persons in the lay ministry, established by Mr. Talmage, and of which he is the President There are six hundred students, and twenty eight preaching' stations have been established in Brooklyn, New York, and other cities, 551 KEV. T. DE WITT TALMAGE. Mr. Talmage early induced his congregation to consent to have a ffte church. He states that he is utterly opposed to the present sys- tem upon ■which most churches are conducted of high rents for the pews, and utter unconcern for the accommodation of those who cannot pay them. As a student of human nature, and as a believer in the influence of Christian teachings, he is confident that a church which is really free will thrive more abundantly on the voluntary offerings of God's people than by the method generally adopted. He thinks that one system appeals to the baser nature, while the other will develop generous and Christian impulses. Hence out of all the pews in the vast structure of the Central congregation not one is sold or rented. The men of wealth, or in moderate circumstances, and the poor, all have equal rights in pews, and the expenses of the church are borne by subscription, and the Sunday collections. Priority of application is the only rule regulating the selection^ and a pew once taken can be held as long as the occupant desires it. This is in fact, an experiment of the free-pew system on the most extensive scale ever attempted. Mr. Talmage has lectured throughout the country with great success, having been everywhere received by crowded audiences. Among his lectures may be named " The New Life of the Nation," "Grumblers," "Our New House," and "The Bright Side of Things." He is also a contributor to many of the periodicals. Exceedingly: agreable sketches from his pen have appeared in the New York Weekly, Hearth and Home, Hours at Home, and in the New York Independent. He is the editor of a religious paper called the Christian at Work. He has published a volume of Sermons, and " One Thousand Gems, or Brilliant Passages, Anecdotes, and Inci- dents, etc.," edited by Professor Larabee. Mr. Talmage is above the medium height, and well-proportioned. His frame is large, but he is naturally rather thin in flesh. His head is of the average size, with marked evidence of intellectual power. He has light eyes and a sandy complexion. Looking into his face, you are struck with its amiability and cheerfulness. In conversa- tion it is always bright with animation, and at all times is a perfect mirror of his emotions. His' eyes are clear, tender, and observing, while his tone and manners are gentle and warm in the extreme. An invariable self-reliance, and calmness, and judgment in all his proceedings give him dignity and self-possession, but in these partic- ulars there is nothing affected or studied about him. He is plain 552 REV. T. DE WITT TALMAGE. and unostentatious in his appearance and bearing, and hence mingles freely with his fellow-men. His warmth of manners and his genial flow of conversation place even the stranger at once on the most agreeable terms with him. In truth, his conversational powers are little less than fascinating. He is full of noble sentiments, poetry, and humor ; he looks at life with his " eyes and ears wide open," and he discusses both men and topics with comprehensiveness and origi- nality. He is never ashamed to show his feelings, and never afraid to declare his opinions. Independent, out-spoken, and yet generous, tender, and sympathetic, he presents in his own disposition the most manly and at the same time the most beautiful traits that ever adorn human character. In social life he is all vivacity, all goodness, and all himself. Whether it be eccentricity, or whether it be simply a larger share of rich, exuberant animal spirits than most ministers possess, certain it is that the Eev. T. De Witt Talmage is more real and true to a genuine human nature in social life than any of his contemporaries. He seems to go down into his own heart for a gush- ing, abundant spring of fellowship and love, which washes out channels to every other heart He follows no conventional rules, he is guided by no example, but, as we have stated, he is himself. This is not because he is indifferent to the force of these rules and ex- amples, but because he acts from a quick, impulsive, and original nature of his own. When, in the glee and enthusiasm of the mo- ment, at a church festival, he exclaimed that he felt " like the morning star," it was not that his taste induced him to take his illustration from negro minstrelsy, but, acting on the impulse of the moment, he humorously seized upon a popular saying to express the state of his own feelings. Men of stiff propriety and of starclied dignity would not do or say many things that he does every day. With him, however, a free, honest, cheerful heart is much more cul- tivated, and it is given, impulsive and erratic as it often is, (ull influence and control over his actions and sentiments. As a preacher, he has even more striking peculiarities. He is. an original, terse, bold, and eloquent writer, and a fluent, impassioned speaker. He has the most complete command of language, which takes forms of expression which are not less new than graphic and impressive. His thought takes a wide range on every subject, and they are sudden in their changes from the solemwand suibime to the humorous and odd. At one time he will indulge in a strain of the most touching pathos, and then suddenly introduce some hiJEmoEouii- 553 KEV. T. DE "WITT TALMAGE. and grotesque illustration that will almost set the audience in a roar. His language is chaste and beautiful in the expression of the more sentimental passages, and it is most pungent and overwhelming in criticism and denunciation. He has sarcasm, irony, and ridicule at his tongue's end, not less than words of exquisite poetic beauty and tenderness. All of this is so mingled together, and so altered in surprises, that his audience find themselves spell-bound by the nov- elty of style as well as the eloquence of the orator. His voice is powerful and flexible. He can in an instant change it from tones that ring out to the capacity of the largest building to accents that float in soft whispers to the ear. His gesticulation is somewhat mar- velous. There is not a sentence that he has not some gesture of the hand, the arms, the head, or the body to illustrate or enforce, and still it is all done with such appropriateness and gracefulness that it adds immensely to the effectiveness of his oratory. His face, too, has great mobility, and in the changing expressions of eye, mouth, and brow is a vivid accompaniment to his fervent words. Many persons find it difficult to form a favorable opinion in re- gard to Mr. Tal mage's merits as a preacher. His style is so eccentric and original that some consider it mere sensational trash in language, and buffoonery in action. But this is a harsh and unjust judgment To be sure he puts language into unusual forms, and deals in the comic to a large degree ; but no preacher of the day can give a keener dissection of human motives, or make a more masterly and elo- quent Christian appeal. A half-hour of his earnest, original discus- sion will give you suggestions which will not leave you for many a day thereafter. As a man he is somewhat of an oddity ; but as a preacher, he is full of the spirit of God, and every talent and every purpose is devoted to the work for the regeneration of fallen man. If he makes you smile and weep in, a breath, if he has simple sayings and whimsical ways, he is also a ripe scholar, a clear-headed philoso- pher, and a Christian orator. He has qualifications which enable him to reach and control the great popular heart, and his ministry is consequently one of most marked success. 551 n. '-v^^ 7/^1^ CC^A-JI^ H^ REY. WILLIAM 1. TAYLOR, D. D., PAJSTOK OF THDE TA.BEinVAC]L.E COWGREGA.- EV. DE. WILLIAM M. TAYLOR was bom at Kilmar- noch, Scotland, October 23d, 1829. He was graduated at the University of Glasgow in 1849, and at tbe theo- logical Hall of the United Presbyterian Church in Edinburgh in 1852. On the 14th of December of the same year he was licensed to preach, and on the 28th of June, 1853, he was first settled as a pastor at Kilmaurs, a small village of Ayr- shire county, Scotland. Here he remained two years until called to the Derby Eoad Church in Liverpool, England, October 23d, 1855. This was a missionary enterprise among the middle classes and skilled operators of the city, and from a membership of thirty or forty, at the beginning of Dr. Taylor's pastorship, the church rose to a member- ship of six hundred, and a regular attendance of from eight to nine hundred. A new church edifice was erected at a cost of fifty thousand dollars. In 1871 Dr. Taylor visited the United States, and for over two months filled the pulpit of the Pilgrim Church (Eev. Dr. Storr's), Brooklyn, as a supply. Crowds were drawn to hear him, and his preaching produced a profound impression. "When the Eev. Dr Joseph P. Thompson, for twenty -six years pastor of the Tabernacle Congregational Church, New York, suddenly resigned by reason of the permanent failure of his health, it was determined to call Dr. Taylor to the vacancy, though he had never preached before the con- gregation. Dr. Thompson went abroad immediately, and bore with - him the call to Dr. Taylor, which was duly accepted. Dr. Taylor shortly reached New York, and was installed pastor of the Taber- nacle Church, April 18th, 1872. He received from the Liverpool congregation, and the temperance and other Reform organizations with which he was actively connected, many tokens, in gifts and addresses, of the most sincere admiration, and regret at the necessary 655 EEV. WILLIAM M. TAYLOR, D. D. separation. In every sphere of religious and moral effort his sojourn of seventeen years in Liverpool had been characterized by the most gratifying results to the community. The Broadway Tabernacle congregation had its origin in the first free church movement in New York, over forty years ago. About 1830 Lewis Tappan, and a few other persons, organized the earliest free church at the comer of Dey and Washington streets. Two years later they called to New York the Eev. Charles Gr. Finney, now of Oberlin College, but then a noted revival preacher. The Chatham Theatre was obtained for a place of worship, and a small colony went to it from the Dey street church. Mr. Finney preached during four years at the Theatre building, sometimes to audiences of twenty-five hundred people, and caused a great religious excitement. At length it was decided to build the edifice which took the name of the Broad- way Tabernacle, and was completed in 1836, at a cost, for ground and building, of sixty-six thousand dollars. The building was one hundred feet square, with a spacious gallery around the entire circuit, and would hold three thousand people. While the chief design was the extension of the free church plan, it was proposed also to provide suitable accommodation for the May anniversaries and other public meetings. From the number of important meetings held here during the twenty-one years of its existence, the building became famous throughout the whole country. Mr. Finney and a colony from the Chatham Theatre first occupied it as the sixth free church of the city. It adopted the name and became mainly Congregational. In less than a year Mr. Finney left, and in 1838, a colony from the first church came in, and the Eev. Joel Parker became pastor. During two years the church was chiefly under Presbyterian rule. A heavy mortgage on the building was about to be foreclosed, when it was ptirchased by the late David Hale, a member of the congregation, and editor of the Journal of Commerce, for $3-4,363. At the last meeting held in the vestry July 7th, 1840, under Mr. Parker, a committee was appointed for the formation of a Congregational church, which was done under its present name. Mr. Hale gave the new church a most liberal lease, and the Eev. E. W. Andrews was settled as the first pastor in January, 1841. He was succeeded in April, 1845, by the Eev. Joseph P. Thompson, who so long was the efficient and popular pastor. The last religious semces were held in the old Tabernacle on the 2Gth of April, 1857. A very eligible site, on the corner of Sixth avenue 556 REV. WILLIAM M. TATLOE, D. D. and Thirty-fourth street, consisting of six lots, was purchased for $60,000, and a fine stone edifice, costing $100,000, was completed in 185i). The congregation at once became one of the strongest of the up-town religious bodies. In 1872 the building was remodeled and beautifully decorated at a cost of $40,000. There are about six hundred members, and every seat is rented. A large Sunday School is under the care of Caleb B. Knevals, Esq. In all tbeir contiibutions for the support of public worship and benevolent objects, the congre- gation is not exceeded in liberality by any in JSTew York Dr. Taylor was a contributor to one of the Scottish reviews for several years. He also published in 18(32 a volume entitled "Life Truths ;" in 1865 two volumes on " The Miracles ; Helps to Faith Not Hindrances," and more recently "The Lost Found," a series of sermons on the fifteenth chapter of Luke. In July, 1872, he received the degree of D.D. from both Yale and Amherst colleges. In personal appearance Dr. Taylor is a good type of the intellect- ual Scotchman. Of the medium height ,he is of a compact, well-propor- tioned form, showing evidence of no little physical vigor. He has an active step, with a slightly inclined and swinging body as he hurries along. His head is large, gradually increasing in fullness from the broad massive mouth to the round high brow, which over- hangs the clear observing eyes. He has thick black hair and heavy whiskers. The face is one in which force of character, greatness of mind, and kindness of heart, are all displayed. It shows resolution and ,courage in the firmly compressed mouth, and grasp of thought in the noble brow, but not less of gentleness of heart in the kindly beaming eyes, and warm sunny smile. His manners are always courteous and fascinating, so that you are unconsciously drawn into intimate relations with him ; but at the same time you never cease to feel that he is the impersonation of the giant forces which move and guide mankind. He is not wanting in dignity, but has an easy politeness and sociability with all, which quickly remove restraint Talkative and cheerful, in social life he is alike popular with the old and young. In the wider scenes of his public duties, good feel- ing and earnestness of action always prevail. Dr. Taylor has been a diligent student in the deeper studies of theology, as well as in more popular learning and literature, conse- quently his mind, of great natural freshness and quickness, is adorn- ed with a culture which enables him to deal with every question, not only in its most scholarly, but its most refined forms of thought and 557 EEV. WILLIAM M. TAYLOK, D. D. expression. All his -writings have a beauty and force of diction which charm the educated taste. His arguments have originality and penetration, while the language throughout is delicate, pure, and impassioned. Though a stern religionist, he is a man not without a love of the beautiful in nature and life. His heart and mind are always open to those impressions, and in his writings and conversa- tion his fancy often repeats them in graceful poetic imagery. A serious, earnest minister of the Gospel, his effort is to be exactly con- sistent in all the duties of his calling and faith, but fortunately he is a person moved by those impulses which harmonize his feelings with truth, humanity, and purity in all their phases. His writings there- fore, be they religious or whatever else, have all that the seeker for argument and scholarly depth may desire, with those exquisite touches of feeling to make them more beautiful and tendei*. But without doubt the greatest power of Dr. Taylor is as the pulpit orator. He begins in a calm, self-possessed manner, stating his position in particularly clear and forcible language. His voice is full and pow- erful, but always completely under his control, and properly modu- lated to give effect to his utterances. As he goes on he becomes more absorbed in his feelings, he gesticulates a great deal, and frequently rises to bursts of strong emotion and thrilling eloquence. You are struck with the vigor and copiousness of the language, of the aptness and newness of the illustrations, and of the profound knowledge of, the Scriptures and of the human heai-t When he concludes, gen- erally with some glowing picture of religious fancy, or with some pathetic appeal to the feelings, you find yourself awakened from the spell which only matchless oratory can invoke. We regard Dr. Taylor as a most valuable acquisition to the American pulpit. Ordained to preach the Gospel, he is doing it with his whole heart, knd all the gifts which God has given him. Men are proud of him, and they are arrested in their heedless walks by his pious teachings and his bright example. Hence his pastor- ships are made memorable for fidelity to duty, and the number of those added to the household of the redeemed. 558 REV. ELISHA E. L. TAYLOR, D. D., t,A.TE PA.STOK, or- STKOIVG I»IjA.CE BA.I»TIST CHXJRCH, BROOKLLYJV. llEV. DE. ELISHA B. L. TAYLOE was born in the village of Delphi, Onondaga county, New York, Sept. 25tb, 1815. His father, Eichard Taylor, was the son of Judge Taylor, of Saratoga county, several of whose sons were distinguished in that county and elsewhere, in political circles and in service in the last war with Great Britain. Hon. John M. Taylor, of Balston Spa, who was State senator, lieutenant-governor, member of Congress for over twenty consecutive years, and Speaker of the House for two sessions, was one of the sons. The subject of our notice prepared for college principally at Hamilton, Madison county, and was graduated at Madison University, and at the Hamilton Theological Seminary, in the year 1839. He remained until the spring of 1840 a resident graduate, and then removed to Brooklyn, where all his ministerial life was spent In May. 1840, he organized what is known as the Pierrepont street Baptist Church, and an edifice for worship was erected on the corner of Pierrepont and Clinton streets. This con- gregation increased rapidly from year tp year. In the fall of 1848 & new society seemed earnestly called for in South Brooklyn, and Dr. Taylor was induced to accept the call of a colony from the old church, who went out with the cordial approval of the mother church to raise a new organization in that growing and important part of the city. In 1849 worship was commenced in a new stone chapel in Strong place. A large and elegant main edifice of red free-stone, fronting on Degraw street, was erected during 1851-2, and dedicated Sep- tember 19th, 1852. For tastefulness, spaciousness, and convenience these buildings are unsurpassed in the whole country. The buildings alone cost over seventy thousand dollars, and the last of the debt 559 EEV. ELISHA E L. TAYLOR, D. D. was paid in 1863. Up to the same period one thousand members had joined the church, and five hundred of the members were received and baptized on profession of their faith. A few years since Dr. Taylor felt obliged, by ill health, to with- draw from the active ministry, and accordingly resigned. His con- gregation parted with him only with the greatest regret The sum of twenty thousand dollars was presented to him. During Dr. Taylor's pastorship we penned the following remarks concerning him, which show his habits at that time. " Dr. Taylor is an earnest laborer in the field of the Lord. Mere preaching is a small part of his toils. His restless, untiring spirit will not allow him to keep aloof fum any scheme or purpose which can possibly increase his flock and advance the interests of religion. He does not hide himself in his study, and leave all non-professional matters to his deacons and committeemen, but he goes abroad and puts his shoulder to the wheel with them, and, if they try to escape their duty, he pursues them ' where merchants most do congregate.' He is, in fact, a go-ahead, systematic, business-man, and one of the results is seen to-day in the somewhat rare circumstance of a church fi"ee from debt. He watches everything and everybody, and he wishes everybody to watch him, and has drawn about him a class of people who are as thorough -going as himself. When the Strong Place congregation was organized, he took a colony of Baptists from other parts of the city, and created a population in the vicinity of the new sanctuary. All within a few years, a magnificent' edifice has been built, one of the largest congregations in Brooklyn drawn to- gether, and the church cleared from every encumbrance. While much of this success has been occasioned by the talent of Dr. Taylor as a preacher, still he has done quite as much by his ability and per- severance in other branches of duty." Dr. Taylor is now connected with the Baptist Union Kooms, as Secretary of the Church Extension Fund. His efforts are specially directed to the raising of money for the benefit of Baptist churches in the West He is a very enthusiastic Baptist His whole being seems constantly pervaded with rejoicings in his faith, which is everything to him, while all others are as nothing. As may be sup- posed, his preaching is decidedly sectarian. " Eather," he said, on one occasion, "might my right arm be hewn from my body than that I should not stand baptized by immersion." . The expounding of the Baptist faith, and the enlargement of the Baptist fold, are to him the 560 REV. ELISHA E. L. TATLOB, D, D. sura and substance of all earthly glory. In this work he is kindled with an ever-present, ever-controlling inspiration. To show his de- votion to his sect, it may be mentioned that he founded a library connected with his church, which consists of works on a great variety of subjects, bat only those written by Baptists. He wishes to make apparent the extensive scope of the Baptist mind. Dr. Taylor's sermons are extremely plain and practical. He is not much given to efforts of rhetoric or flights of fancy ; but he writes in bold, vigorous terms, discussing every point with peculiar thoroughness, and making sober logic his sole reliance. He has a fall, harmonious voice, and exhibits much absorption in his subject, combined with an eloquent animation. In truth. Dr. Taylor is one of the most able, ef&cient, and popular of the Baptist clergy. He received the degree of D. D. from Eochester University, in 1855. His publications consist of several sermons, and two or three public addresses, delivered on special occasions. Dr. Taylor is under the average height, and slightly inclined to corpulency. His head is large, and set on his shoulders with a muscular neck. The face is broad and expressive, and the brow well developed. He is very courteous, while a person of decided opinions, and not backward in expressing them. He has a high sense of pro- priety in regard to everything he does, and is particularly rigid in the performance of all professional duties. 561 KEY. JESSE B. THOMAS, PAJSTOR. OF THJB FIKIST BA^l^TIST CHURCH, BKOOICI^YN. |EV. JESSE B. THOMAS was born at Edwardsville, Madison count}'^, Illinois, July 29th, 1832. His father was tlie late Judge Jesse B. Thomas, of the Supreme Court of that State. He was graduated at Kenyon Gol- Gambier, Ohio, in August, 1850, and commenced the idy of the law. He was converted and became a member of the Baptist Oh arch when not quite ten years of age. Theology had been also a favorite study with him, and in the autumn of 1852 he went to the Eochester Theological Seminary, a Baptist institu tion, with the intention of preparing regularly for the ministry III health obliged him to leave at the end of two months ; andj re- turning after six months, spent piincipally in traveling, he was again compelled, for the same reason, to relinquish his studies. During this time, however, in 1853, he was licensed to preach. After leav- ing the Seminary he returned to Chicago, and was engaged in mer- cantile pursuits until the autumn of 1855. In the same year he was admitted to the bar in Chicago, where he practiced until October, 1862. He now became pastor of the Baptist Church, at Wakegan, Illinois, and thus continued until July, 1864, when he accepted a call to the Pierrepont Street Baptist Church, Brooklyn, an old and leading congregation. He entered upon his duties on the 1st of the succeeding September. Later, Mr. Thomas accepted calls to churches in San Francisco and Chicago. In 1873 he was invited to the pas- torship of the Fh'st Baptist Church of Brooklyn, which had formed a union with the Pierrepont street congregation. His official duties commenced on the first Sunday in January, 1874. The First Baptist Church was organized with eleven members, and incorporated October 15th, 1823. Services were held for some time in District School House, No 1. A lot was purchased in Pearl street, between Concord and Nassau streets, for $4,000, and a house, 562 BEV. JESSE B. THOMAS. sixty by forty feet erected, which the congregation continued to oc- cupy for about ten years. Having secured a lot in Nassau street, near Fulton street, for $7,000, in 1834, the recently occupied edifice of the congregation, eighty by sixty feet, was constructed, at a cost of $17,000. The building vacated was sold to an Episcopal congre- gation. Rev. W. C. Hav^ley, or Holly, was the first pastor. In 1841, Eev. Dr. J. L. Hodge became the pastor, and thus remained during eleven years. He temporarily supplied the pulpit for a year subsequently. Rev. Henry M. Gallaher then become the pastor, and served" for several years. Just prior to the coming of Mr. Tho- mas, the church edifice was destroyed by fire, but the united con- gregation has the house of the Pierrepont street congregation for its place of meeting. Mr. Thomas is something above the medium height, equally proportioned, and altogether of a firm, substantial- looking figure. He stands erect, with his head well up, and readily gives you the idea that his . solid, thoughtful steps are not more of the physical than mental. His head is of fair size, with regular, intelligent fea- tures. He has a pale complexion, and rather a serious, half-sad cast of countenance. In his manners he is quiet and Tindemonstra- . tive, though in every sense cordial. His predominant characteristic is religious seriousness. In boyhood and manhood it has been the same. Beyond everything else of interest, beyond all worldly con- siderations, the one fascination — the one ever-present thought — the one full and complete comfort of his heart has been religion. It is not that he presumes to that intense sanctity which men of ardent piety are apt to assume, nor is it that he fails to aasimilate with those who are not as seriously impressed as himself. Without falling into the error of such a course, his conduct simply shows, at all times and to all men, that he is a religious man, and that he seeks to be true to his profession, while wholly averse to being deemed a paragon, or even an example.: In a word, be is the correct-bearing Christian, without the affectation of saintship. Understanding full well the folly of the self-sufficient Pharisee, he walks before men in the hu- mility, but hopefulness, of the poor sinner. Observe him, and you will say that he is a God-fearing, devout man, but never that he is presumptuous in his godliness. Talk with him, and you will say that he is ever seeking religious topics, but never that it is for any other purpose than to unfold to other eyes the heavenly glories upon which his own are meekly fixed. In early boyhood be made a pub- 563 REV. JESSE B. THOMAS. lie profession of his faith, and has never faltered in it. But those who remember him in that day can well attest tliat it was a con- scientious act Feeling truly re-born, renewed and re-made, as lie arose from the baptismal waters, still, when again among his young companions, he bore himself as if happier rather than holier. When at the bar, he was a licensed minister and a thorough-going Chris- tian, and yet he never made any parade of these things, while he always made them influential, in and out of his profession, when it could be done. Thus is it that his life has been rendered little less than remarkable. Attaining to great virtues, he has never seemed to be aware of it ; living the impersonation of all his professions, he has never deemed it anything unusually meritorious. Always a teacher and example, as well by his practice as his precepts, he has claimed to be nothing beyond the dilligent learner of truth and the humble follower of upright men. Mr. Thomas has a style of preaching somewhat uncommon in the modern pulpit Giving himself simply a thoughtful prepara- tion, he preaches entirely extempore. He thinks that the custom of analysis of evidence and the necessity of off-hand speaking, with which he was familiarized while at the bar, has served him a good purpose in his ministry. A mental examination of his text, without the process of writing out his argument, fits him to discuss it When he enters the pulpit he has the whole subject fully in his mind, but the language which is to be used is left to the spur of the moment Hence his sermon has all the characteristics of an im- promptu effort, and is altogether extemporaneous. There is a force and feeling about it which written discourses seldom possess. His language is exceedingly fluent and well chosen, and the sermon has the arrangement of topics and the multiplied heads of argument usual to those produced in the study. Borne away by the strength of his emotions and on the wings of his ardent fancy, he indulges in impassioned picturings ; but they are, after all, illustrations of the argument, which never falters to the end. He is slightly dramatic. At such periods he moves from side to side of his pulpit, talking with that freedom from hesitation and embarrassment, and with those acceptable gestures which best show the orator. His voice is a pleasant one, and falls naturally into the most effective modula- tions. With conspicuous worth and character, he not only brings to his profession large mental capacity, but cei-tainly great attractive- ness as a public speaker. 564 REV. HUGH MILLER THOMPSON, D. D., RECTOR OF CI-IKtST CHTJRCIX, (EI«IsC01E»A.Xj,) IVE'W YORK. )Ey. DR HUGH MILLER THOMPSON was horn in Londonderry, Ireland, June 5th, 1830. He was brought to the LTnited States when six years old. and lived first in New York city, and then in Cleveland, Ohio. Up to eighteen years his studies were pursued privately. In 1852 he was graduated in Theology at the Seminary at Nashotah, Wis- consin. He was made a deacon of the Episcopal church in Decem- ber, 1852, and priest in 1856, by Bishop Kemper, at St John's Church, Portage City, Wisconsin, which was his first rectorship. After this he went to St. Matthews, at Kenosha, Wisconsin, and in 1859 for one year to Grace Church, Galena, Illinois. In 1860, he accepted the professorship of Church History at Nashotah, where he remained until 1871. During the same time he was an assistant at St. Paul's Church, Milwaukee. He then became rector of St. James', Chicago, remaining two years. On the 1st of January, 1872, he commenced the duties of his present rectorship, at Christ ChurcTj Fifth Avenue, New York. ^ Christ Church congregation formerly worshiped in Eighth street, but a number of years sineef purchased the magnificent edifice now occupied by them on the corner of Fifth Avenue and Thirty-fifth street. Dr. F. C. Ewer was the rector for a long period, and on his resignation Dr. Thompson was called. The income of the Church at this date is some twenty-five thousand dollars. There are professional and boy choirs of fine voices, and the service is rendered with great beauty and impressiveness. The large sum of seven thousand five hundred doUai-s is expended for music. At the regular services the pews and aisles are crowded with worshipers. For twelve years Dr. Thompson was editor-in-fchief of the Amer- ican Churchman, the leading Episcopal paper of Chicago and the Northwest The paper was finally removed to Hartford, Connecticut, 565 REV. HUGH MlLLEE THOMPSON, D. D. Dr. Thompson remaining tlie editor for one year. In April, 1872, he became editor of the Church Journal of New York. He has pub- lished various books and sermons. The volumes are, " Unity and its Eestoration :" " Sin and Penalty," (several editions issued) ; " First Principles,'' (thirty thousand sold) ; " Absolution ;" and a collection of miscellaneous writings under the title of " Copy." He has also contributed to the Continental Monthly. Dr. Thompson is of the average height, with a compact figure. Mental strength is joined with the amplest physical resources. He works with unwearying thought and energy, thinking of neither time nor toil in reaching ends for the good of his church and society. We quote the following description of him, from a communication written to a New York journal : "Dr. Thompson has been called 'the Beecher of Episcopacy,' but no two men, with strong points of resemblance, could be more unlike. Up to within a year Dr. Thompson's life has been that of a student, a thinker, and a writer. He has few superiors in the land as a deeply read scholar and a man of large and liberal knowledge. Comparatively young, no man has wielded anything like his influ- ence in molding opinion in the Episcopal church in these latter days. But it was not known except to a few in New York, that in addition to his qualities as a man of learning, a writer, and a rea- soner. Dr. Thompson also possessed the gifts of a rare popular eloquence. He preaches from the altar steps, without note or com- ment He is gifted generously with the physical basis of oratory — an athletic frame ; a broad deep chest ; a handsome strong face ; a leonine head, covered with disordered masses of coal black, curling hair, and lightened by a pair of deep brown eyes, with that sad, poetical, far away look so peculiar to Irish eyes. His birth may account as well for the impassioned headlong flow of an eloquence at once fiery and tender, fierce and full of pathos, delivered with a voice that sweeps all the gamut of human feeling." In all private and public relations Dr. Thompson is well calcu- lated to exercise the utmost influence. Socially, he is a genial, sincere, and friendly man, drawing every one toward him, while in his public duties he is totally without ostentation, and evidently only an humble Christian. Hence, the charm of his character and the influence of his teachings penetrate not only through the social and church circle in which he moves, but they go out to the widest limits of the community. 666 REV. ALEXANDER R. THOMPSON, D. D., I»A.STOK OF THE IVORTII REFOIllMCED CHXJItCJEt, |EY. DR. ALEXANDER R. THOMPSON" was born in the city of New York, October 18th, 1822. He was grad- uated at the New York University in 1842, and at the Princeton Theological Seminary in 1845. In July of 1845 he became assistant minister of the Central Reformed Church, Brooklyn, but in January, 1846, was installed over the First Presbyterian Church, Morristown, N. J., where he remained eighteen months. For five months he was engaged in a mission work in the eastern section of Brooklyn, under the cure of the Board of Missions of the Dutch Church. He gathered a small congrega- tion, and lots were purchased, and a frame building, for church pur- poses, was erected, on the corner of Washington and Gates avenues. This property at length fell into the hands of the Baptists, who have erected a large church on the site; and, in fact, Dr. Thompson's movement resulted in the formation of several congregations of dif- ferent denominations, all of which are now in a flourishing condi- tion. In March, 1848, Dr. Thompson Tsecame pastor of the Reformed Church at Tompkinsville, Staten Island, and thus continued until September, 1851. He then organized a flew church at Stapleton, Staten Island, and was its pastor for eight years. In 1859 he went to the South Congregation Church, where he remained three years, but did not dissolve his connection with the Classis of the Reformed Church, He next became the colleague of the late Rev. Dr. George W. Bethune, at the Reformed Chiirch in West Twenty-first street, New York, in March, 1862, and on the death of that distinguished clergyman, at Florence, Italy, later in the same year Dr. Thompson 567 REV. ALEXANDER R. THOMPSON, D.D. succeeded to the pastorship, in which he remained many years. On Sunday, December 28th, 1873, he was installed as the pastor of the North Eeformed Church, Brooklyn, where he is now conducting his usual efRcient work. During his ministry he has declined calls to Maine, Albany, Ro- chester, Indianapolis, Chicago, San Francisco, Brooklyn (seven times), and New York (six times.) He received the degree of A. M. from Princeton Theological Seminary, in 1845, and the degree of D. D. from the New York University, several years since. In the summer of 1872, he went by the Pacific Railroad to California, and traveled extensively in that State. Dr. Thompson is of a tall person, pale complexion, and has quite a heavy growth of red whiskei's. He is a man of restless, nervous ac- tivity in both the physical and mental nature. His head is long, with marked prominence in the intellectual portion. He has calm, pleasant eyes, and altogether a most expressive face. He talks with a great deal of animation, and cheerfulness of tone, and is not only very genial, but very interesting. In truth, he has a natural fitness for his ministerial work. There is no sucb thing as being on the footing of a stranger with him. You assume social, genial, and even intimate relations with him at the very outset of your acquaintance. Are you cheerful, his face is radiant with smiles, and he yields him- self to the influence of your own spirit Are you sad, his own heart and lips are touched with kindred sympathies. Are you amid the scenes of religion, his holy thoughts kindle you with inspiration. There is nothing sufl&ciently formal in his bearing to be called dig- nity, but he is always personally impressive. His tall, wiry frame — his pale, intellectual face — his gentle, speaking eyes — his hearty cordiality, instantly present him to the perceptions as a man of no ordinary character. And it is the same with all that he says. He converses with little apparent reflection, and with no effort to make any particular exhibition of wisdom, but you readily discover in these impulsive, off-hand sentences the most solid and practical opin- ions. He has always been a hard worker in the pastoral life. Full of enthusiasm in whatever he sets out to do, which is half the battle, he toils joyously, and generally triumphantly. When others hesi- tate, he pushes forward more boldly, and when others despair, he is upheld by confidence. Meek in all else, for his principles, and in tbe path of his duty, he stands lion-hearted. An early convert to the religious faith, it grew and strengthened with his maturing life, 568 BEV. ALEXANDER E. THOMPSON, D. D. until lie preaches it with not only the power of learning, but the in- spiration of blissful hope. Dr. Thompson writes an able and elegant sermon. His vigorous, and at the same time, highly imaginative ' mind, displays itself on paper in language at once the most forcible and refined. The same emotional fervor, which ever links his feelings with his comprehen- sion in conversation, appears in every word. His sincerity cannot any more be doubted than the striliing beauty of his style can fail to be appreciated. His delivery is peculiar and very effective. It is original in many respects, and eccentric in some particulars, but as a whole has a powerful effect upon the hearer. He has a voice of much fullness and strength, but it is entirely under his control, and is increased or depressed with equt 1 facility. Indeed, his eloquence gains no little of its power fi-om the manner in which his voice ranges all along the scale of sound, rising from soft mellow tones into loud, emphatic utterances, and then again falling away into tender whis- pers. He moves about the pulpit a great deal, and gesticulates constantly, and sometimes vehemently. Learned, eloquent, pathetic, and it may almost be said strangely impressive, he justly has a very high reputation in the ministry. 569 REY. JOSEPH P. THOMPSON, D. D., 1L