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 Oxford church movement : sketches and 
 
 924 029 448 374 
 

THE OXFOED CHUECH MOVEMENT 
 
iBEBDEEH UNIVEBSITY PBESS. 
 
THE 
 
 OXFORD CHURCH MOVEMENT 
 
 SKETCHES AND EECOLLECTIONS 
 
 BY THE LATE 
 
 G. WAKELING 
 
 WITH AN INTRODUCTION 
 
 BY 
 
 EAEL NELSON 
 
 " The Church of Christ was ratended to cope with human nature in 
 all its forms, and surely the gifts vouchsafed it are adequate for the 
 gracious purpose." 
 
 —Introduction to Tracts for the Times. 
 
 LONDON 
 SWAN SONNBNSCHEIN & CO. 
 
 NEW YOBK: MACMILLAN & CO. 
 •1895 
 
 Bt 
 

 /- 
 
 ^^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 
THE MBMOEY OP 
 
 THE EEV. WILLIAM JOHN BLEW, M-A. 
 
 OF WADHAM COLLEGE OXFOED 
 
 WHO 
 
 WHEN OUBATB OF ST. ANNE'b SOHO 1842 
 
 SHEWED US 
 
 IN LIFE AND PBECEPT 
 
 IN DEVOTION REVEEBNOE AND WORSHIP 
 
 WHAT THE MOVEMENT 
 
 THEN BEGINNING 
 
 IN THE ENGLISH CHUEOH 
 
 EEALLY WAS 
 
 THESE SKETCHES AND EECOLEECTIONS 
 
 AEE AFFECTIONATELY 
 
 AND GRATEFULLY 
 
 ©ebtcofeb 
 
" For tlie Catholic Churoh— 
 
 Its establisliment and increase. 
 For tlie Eastern — 
 
 Its deliverance and union. 
 
 For the Western — 
 
 Its adjustment and peace. 
 For the British — 
 
 The supply of what is wanting in it ; 
 
 The strengthening of what remains in it." 
 
 Bishop Andbewks' Devotions. 
 
INTEODUCTION 
 
 BY 
 
 EARL NELSON. 
 
 I HAVE much pleasure in writing a short introduction 
 to Mr. Wakehng's book. To those who, like myself, 
 were under the influence of the Oxford Movement 
 from early college days in 1842-43, the remembrance 
 of the various works and workers must ever be of 
 great and pleasing interest. But for all there is 
 much instruction to be gained in seeing how in the 
 great cause the hearts of men and women, of varying 
 character and in different walks in hfe, were drawn 
 in one by one to sow the good seed ; and in searching 
 out the way in which the soil in every place had 
 become prepared for its reception. 
 
 Many an earnest soul had felt the deadly torpor 
 that was surrounding us, but knew not the way of 
 escape : hence it was that when the trumpet sounded 
 so many in various classes in life were ready to 
 answer to the call, and to do their part in raising 
 
viii INTRODUCTION. 
 
 the Church from its slough of deadness and de- 
 spondency. 
 
 In fact, the very negligences over vfhich we 
 mourned had prepared a soil ready for the good 
 seed, as well as sowers to sow it ; the want of pro- 
 perly conducted services and of real pastoral work 
 had created a yearning for something true and real, 
 and had driven our people back upon the study of 
 their Bibles and Prayer-books as the only way in 
 which they could hope to discipline their daily life 
 on sound Chxirch principles. So that in after years 
 it was often remarked that with all our improved 
 teaching and renewed life we had failed to implant 
 among our people that high standard of Church 
 doctrine which shone with a bright ray here and 
 there from truly noble saints in many a neglected 
 parish. The beginning of the evils which had 
 oppressed the Church may be traced to the infidel 
 movement which brought in the French Eevolution, 
 and the degraded position of our Church and the 
 Erastianism of it under Walpole's Government. Mr. 
 Wakeling has, therefore, wisely pointed to the great 
 Evangelical revival as the first rising out of the deadly 
 stupor into which the Church had been drugged. 
 
 The principal desire of the writers of the Tracts for 
 the Times is well foreshadowed in their preface — 
 " The Church of Christ was intended to cope with 
 human nature in all its forms, and surely the gifts 
 
INTRODUCTION. ix 
 
 vouchsafed it are adequate for that gracious purpose. 
 There are zealous sons and servants of her Enghsh 
 branch who see with sorrow that she is defrauded 
 of her full usefulness by particular theories and 
 principles of the present age, which interfere with 
 the execution of one portion of her commission ; and 
 while they consider that the revival of this portion 
 of truth is especially adapted to break up existing 
 parties in the Church, and to form instead a bond of 
 union among all who love the Lord Jesus Christ in 
 sincerity, they believe that nothing but these 
 neglected doctrines, faithfully preached, will repress 
 that extension of popery for which the ever multiply- 
 ing divisions of the religious world are too clearly 
 .preparing the way." 
 
 It is wonderful to see how these desires, written 
 nearly sixty years ago, have come so near fulfilment, 
 and have been abundantly blessed. 
 
 In 1834 the Church's enemies were speculating on 
 her fall : now, by God's mercy, she is full of life — to 
 which this book so wonderfully bears witness. But 
 the same life and vigour have been imparted to those 
 Christian bodies who are still, unhappily, not in full 
 communion with her. 
 
 The religious zeal which has been stirred up within 
 her borders, and taking very much the same lines, 
 has stimulated life among our Protestant noncon- 
 formists, while it is notorious that the secessions 
 
X INTRODUCTION. 
 
 of our over zealous friends to Eome have imparted 
 new life and spirit to that communion also. 
 
 NELSON. 
 
 P.S. — It has pleased God to call to his rest the 
 author of these " Sketches and Eecollections". 
 
 Mr. G. Wakeling had himself done much to sow 
 the seed and advance the good cause, and was a 
 "true example of that humble Christian spirit through 
 which the leaven was unostentatiously spread abroad 
 by the daily witness of the faithful followers of our 
 Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ. 
 
 N. 
 
 Tbafalgab, 26iA August, 1895. 
 
NOTE BY THE AUTHOE. 
 
 These sketches and recollections are simply and 
 truly what their name impUes, and do not claim to 
 be a chronological or systematic statement of events. 
 Canon Liddon, in the few words of introduction to 
 his memoir of Bishop Hamilton of Salisbury, has 
 expressed what I would wish to say — " In a mere 
 sketch the reader will not be disappointed at finding 
 neither the exhaustive treatment nor the orderly 
 sequence of events which belong to a biography ". 
 Still less would I presume to claim for them a place 
 among the many valuable and historical works now 
 published on the Church revival. They were 
 originally written for the pages of the Newbery 
 House Magazine, and it is only in deference to the 
 wishes and opinion of many who read them there 
 that they are now published in a more permanent 
 form. I have endeavoured to recall some few ways 
 in which, from my own personal knowledge, the 
 Tractarian movement spread and made its influence 
 felt in London and other towns and villages, and 
 to describe the persons who were the prime movers 
 and workers, and to whose loyal adherence to the 
 
xii NOTE. 
 
 principles of the great leaders we are now indebted 
 for many privileges. Though in these sketches 
 various trials and troubles have been recorded, it 
 may still be objected that they have too much a tone 
 of progress and success. In reply I need hardly say 
 that I write about men and women, and, of course, 
 there were many failures, backslidings and incon- 
 sistencies among the people of whom and during the 
 period of which I have written. I have to express 
 my thanks for many valuable suggestions and much 
 information to Earl Nelson, the Eev. J. L. Fish, 
 Eector of St. Margaret Pattens ; the Eev. Canon 
 Overton, Eector of Epworth ; the Eev. A. Barrington 
 Simeon, Eector of Bigbury, Devon ; Miss Skene, of 
 Oxford; Frederick Lambert, Esq. of Garratt's Hall, 
 Banstead ; and Henry G. Slade, Esq. 
 
 G. WAKELING. 
 
RECOLLECTIONS OE THE OXFORD 
 MOVEMENT. 
 
 CHAPTEE I. 
 
 Dean Church's volume is the story of the first twelve 
 years of the movement; and there we read of the 
 chief movers in the revival, the great thinkers and 
 writers, the men of learning, energy and perseverance, 
 who set themselves the task of showing that the 
 " trumpet of the Church of England " did not really 
 and truly "give an uncertain sound". He tells us how 
 these leading men laboured and preached and wrote, 
 in spite of all difficulties and opposition. So excellent 
 a record of the source and early work of the movement 
 is invaluable.* We have also Mr. Thomas Mozley's 
 Reminiscences of Oriel, which relates what is interesting 
 and amusing about those early workers, though it does 
 not help us much to a knowledge and insight of the 
 one great distinctive mark of the movement, — the ex- 
 tent of its deep religious and devotional aspect. Arch- 
 
 * Sir John Coleridge's Life of Mr. Keble and Mr. Look's more 
 recent life of him add much to our knowledge. 
 
 I 
 
2 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 deacon Denison, too, records many of the troubles 
 and controversies, inseparable from the work, in which 
 he was ever valiant and staunch; then we have that 
 brilliant addition to our knowledge in the Letters of 
 Dr. Newman during his life in the Church of England, 
 and the story of James B. JVIozley's beautiful life as 
 told by his Letters, both of these being admirably 
 edited by Anne Mozley, now also called to her rest. 
 Then we have another very welcome addition to the 
 history in the autobiography of the Eev. Isaac Wil- 
 liams, Fellow and Tutor of Trinity College, Oxford. 
 He, although, like Mr. Keble, for the- greater part 
 of his life a simple country parson, was one of the 
 earliest writers in the cause, the author of some of 
 the Tracts for the Tivies, of Sermons and. Devo- 
 tional Commentaries, and of many exquisite volumes of 
 poetry. The Baptistery, The Cathedral, Thoughts in Past 
 Years, etc. In this last little volume we learn very 
 much that will help us to a true estimate of the work 
 of the movement, and we find what it was that made 
 John Keble such a wonderful power ; and as we look 
 at the splendid pile of buildings in Oxford raised to his 
 memory, we no longer marvel that such a memorial 
 to a simple country vicar came to be erected. Keble's 
 infl.uence on Isaac Williams was vevj important ; his 
 description of it is worth recording : " One so over- 
 flowing with real genuine love in thought, word, and 
 deed was quite new to me. I had been used to much 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 3 
 
 gentleness and kindness in good society, but this was 
 understood to be chiefly on the surface ; but to find a 
 person always endeavouring to do one good, as it were, 
 unknown to one's self, and in secret, and even avoiding 
 that his kindness should be felt and acknowledged as 
 such : this opened upon me quite a new world — re- 
 ligion a reality, and a man wholly made up of love, with 
 charms of conversation, thought, and kindness, beyond 
 what one had experienced, — this broke in upon me all at 
 once. * 
 
 The story of the Professorship of Poetry at Oxford is 
 an amusing one. All made sure that Isaac Williams 
 would succeed Mr. Keble ; but it was not to be, and 
 Archdeacon Garbett, who had never written any known 
 poetry, was elected. Years after, on the archdeacon's 
 death, a leading journal of the day really suggested 
 that Isaac Williams' poetry was then not much more 
 remembered than Archdeacon Garbett's Prcelectiones, 
 although edition after edition of Isaac Williams' poems 
 were still selling and much valued. Dean Burgon, in 
 
 * Isaac Williams was curate to Dr. Newman at St. Mary's, 
 Oxford, and worked with him and Mr. B. H. Proude, in all the 
 early publications. He was Newman's intimate friend, officiating 
 at the funeral of his mother. Isaac Williams and Newman re- 
 tained their affectionate friendship through all the years of change 
 and separation. On May 3, 1885, Newman wrote from the Oratory, 
 Birmingham, to a friend : " Have you heard of the death of Mr. 
 Isaac Williams ? I saw him last week, and never saw a person so 
 near death in body, yet apparently so perfectly himself, and with 
 such perfect ordinary command of his mind." 
 
4 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 his Lives of Twelve Good Men, adds to our store of 
 knowledge the only published lives of two of the 
 most prominent workers in the early days of the 
 revival, Hugh James Eose and Charles Marriott. 
 
 From 1825 to 1836, Hugh James Eose, in spite of 
 constant ill-health, was a perfect tower of strength, and 
 "restorer of the old paths". Of Trinity College, 
 Cambridge, 14th Wrangler, he brought all his brilliant 
 talents to help forward the movement. He was curate 
 of Buxted, then vicar of Horsham, and vicar of Had- 
 leigh, then principal of King's College, London, where 
 such famous men as Bishop Selwyn, Bishop Patteson, 
 Bishop Abraham, first heard, knew, and valued him. 
 As editor of the British Magazine Mr. Eose was known 
 far and wide, and in America to such as Bishops 
 Hobart, Doane, Whittingham, etc. He was essen- 
 tially a great teacher, just the man to make a stand ; 
 and at Hadleigh conferences were held in preparation 
 for the literature of the movement, stirring men's 
 minds up, reminding them of ancient truths ; the 
 future Archbishop of Dublin (Trench) was for some 
 time his curate at Hadleigh. In later years Mr. Eose 
 was domestic chaplain to the Archbishop of Canter- 
 bury (Howley) ; his early death was a great loss to the 
 movement. He was deeply valued and loved by New- 
 man and Pusey ; the former dedicated the first volume 
 of his Parochial Sermons to him, and in Mr. Eose's 
 illness wrote to assure him that he was ever in his. 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 5 
 
 prayers morning and evening. To Dr. Pusey, when 
 hearts were failing, and friends deserting, such an one 
 as Hugh James Eose would have been a strong help ; 
 and we may feel sure his help and advice would have 
 cheered Dr. Pusey in his great labours. 
 
 Charles Marriott, the Oxford Fellow, student, and 
 scholar, spent his life in Oxford, with the exception 
 of a short time as principal of the Chichester Theo- 
 logical College, where he succeeded that learned 
 divine, Henry Browne. Marriott was ordained priest 
 at All Souls, Regent Street, by Bishop Otter, in 1839, 
 when Dean Chandler was rector there. He was 
 known throughout the University as a man of saintly 
 character, great theological learning and classical 
 attainments, shy and retiring; yet his labours in the 
 work of the movement were very great. Fourteen years 
 he spent in translating, collating, correcting, or editing 
 twenty-four volumes of the Library of the Fathers. 
 In 1850 he succeeded Eden as vicar of St. Mary's, 
 Oxford, and his work as a parish priest was well 
 known. He never thought of himself or his own 
 personal safety, and was fearless and faithful, minister- 
 ing up to the last to the cholera and small-pox patients, 
 1854, caring afterwards for the children of parents who 
 had died. All testify to his singleness of purpose, 
 purity of heart and heavenly character, from James B. 
 Mozley, to his deacon curate, E. E. Sanderson, of 
 Lincoln College, now Canon of Chichester, and long 
 
6 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 Headmaster of Lancing College. Mr. Upton Eichards 
 said of him, on leaving his grave, " Blessed are the pure 
 in heart ". Charles Marriott was the author of two 
 volumes of sermons, and of Hints on Private Devotion, 
 dedicated to the Bishop of Brechin. His library was 
 given to Bradfield College. He was a power for good 
 in the University; and the Bishop of Lincoln, Dr. King, 
 gave the highest testimony to that when he. said, " If 
 there is any good in me I owe it to Charles Marriott ". 
 With such works we can hardly fail to realise in 
 some measure the extent and depth of the movement ; 
 and we now have the most important addition to our 
 store in the Life of Br. Pusey ; we can hardly over- 
 estimate its value and importance ; and, besides, it is 
 the work of the last few years of Canon Liddon, who 
 gave up all but the duties of St. Paul's Canonry, that he 
 might devote himself to the biography of his dearest 
 friend. In these volumes we have the life and charac- 
 ter of one of the chief workers in the great movement, 
 the one certainly who worked longest and hardest. 
 His childhood, the care of a good mother. Lady Lucy 
 Pusey, his boyhood, his pure college life, his marvel- 
 lous industry and careful scholarship, his Fellowship 
 of Oriel at twenty-three, his study of languages, his 
 Canonry of Christ Church, and Eegius Professorship of 
 Hebrew at twenty-eight, his studious habits and ener- 
 getic unselfishness, his short married life, and the home 
 at Christ Church with his wife and children, she ever 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 7 
 
 one with him in all his plans and his magnificent 
 and self-denying gifts are all detailed ; here we see 
 the love and affection of them all for Newman, and 
 his love for them ; the work and writings of the 
 movement, and Pusey's great share in it all : writing, 
 preaching, editing, translating, defending, replying to 
 objections and misunderstanding, as a faithful son 
 of the Church of England, with one and only one object 
 in view — to assert and defend the true principles and 
 claims of that Church, and this amidst the greatest 
 obloquy and misrepresentation ; these volumes clearly 
 show that in his loyalty to Christian antiquity he 
 was only taking the Church of England at her word. 
 Never was a more critical time for the Church than 
 that of 1846 ; in this crisis Dr. Pusey's wonderful 
 power was exercised, and by it he rallied round him 
 the clergy and laity about many of whom I am 
 telling in these sketches. The death of Mrs. Pusey, 
 and the drifting apart of Newman and Pusey, are most 
 pathetic as was said afterwards, " Newman depended 
 on the Bishops, but Pusey looked to G-od's Providence 
 acting through the Church ". 
 
 Lastly, mention must be nlade of Canon Overton's 
 Church of England in the Nineteenth Century, a graphic 
 and historical account of all the chief workers in the 
 Church before 1833, the leaders who founded the great 
 Church societies, and their progress as the forerunners 
 of the Tractarian Movement. 
 
8 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 The men we read of in these works were, no doubt, 
 men of very great personal influence, with a wondrous 
 power of imparting their deep convictions, and sound 
 theological learning ; but this influence, great as it 
 was, could only reach a certain number. We do not 
 find what a reviewer of Dean Church's book in the 
 St. Jameses Gazette felt to be still wanting, viz., 
 " a knowledge of how the Church Movement reached 
 the country generally, the gradual trickling of the 
 stream through the quiet drowsy villages, washing 
 away the dust of a century and a half". But neither 
 Dean Church, nor Canon Mozley, nor Thos. Mozley, 
 nor Dr. Pusey, nor Canon Liddon could have told all 
 this part of the story. My object is to tell some part 
 of that story about men and places here and there, 
 together with some account of the literature of the 
 Tractarian Eevival, the writings of the thinkers and 
 workers. A short record of these may help to show 
 more clearly how the movement progressed in the coun- 
 try generally, in the quiet towns and sleepy villages. 
 Even a short account of the literature might form a 
 history in itself — the tracts, theological works, sermons, 
 commentaries, the hymns, poetry, stories, allegories, 
 magazines and reviews, works on music, art, and archi- 
 tecture, books of devotion and instruction, also works 
 of controversy to meet the endless objections of oppo- 
 nents — all this should make a not unattractive story to 
 Church people generally. 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 9 
 
 One of my earliest recollections as a boy was of a 
 conversation in my father's house in London, about 
 1840, between a Londoner of some cultivation and 
 a gentleman farmer from Essex. The latter was 
 asking of the new sect of Tractarians, then so much 
 talked about. " Well," replied the Londoner, " the 
 few I know who hold these opinions are among the 
 very best people of my acquaintance in life, manners, 
 business, and morals." " Ah," replied the farmer, " we 
 don't want any of that sort down in Essex ; we don't 
 want to be interfered with, but prefer to go on in the 
 way we are used to." What that " way " was I had a 
 chance of understanding a little later on : dining with 
 one of those gentlemen farmers, with six or eight 
 guests, the death of one of their neighbours was an- 
 nounced ; he had been a friend of the master of the 
 house, but the only remark I heard was, " Well, every 
 dog has his day " ; one could only conclude that the 
 way these gentlemen preferred going was not a very 
 elevating or refined one. Those were the times when 
 the farmers and labourers clattered out of the fine old 
 parish church of Ware, when the vicar (Mr. Codding- 
 ton) ascended the pulpit in his surplice. Let us hope 
 that there was more ignorance than malice about it ; of 
 course, there were some few who stood by the vicar and 
 his curate, the first incumbent of Ware Side (the late 
 much lamented Dr. Butler, Dean of Lincoln), among 
 them the names of John Sworder and Walter Tween 
 
10 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 may still be remembered. Mr. Butler's Sermons to 
 Working Men, published about that time, were dedi- 
 cated to Walter Tween, his churchwarden ; these 
 sermons were often used and preached by other clergy- 
 men. 
 
 The record of Dean Butler's life and work has so 
 recently been before- us, that I cannot hope to add any- 
 thing of moment. He was a most earnest preacher and 
 splendid parish priest, with the gift of organising those 
 sisterhoods which have been one of the most valued 
 fruits of the movement. From Wantage grew that 
 most useful body of women who now undertake and 
 superintend the work of nursing, rescue, and training, 
 bringing help and comfort to the afflicted, sick, and 
 fallen, and carrying on works of mercy full of untold 
 blessings to thousands of our fellow-creatures. Dean 
 Butler was one who never spared himself, and was ever 
 ready at the cost of much labour to help with his voice 
 and pen, with a fixed, determined, and fearless energy. 
 A wonderful testimony to his work is that of the 
 clergy, sisters, school teachers, and others who have 
 worked under him ; it is most interesting to remember 
 his very early labours at that small district of Ware 
 Side, Hertfordshire, and to see the extent and influence 
 of the work begun at Wantage. 
 
 Not far off, in the county of Essex, one could tell of 
 many unmeaning, absurd, and irreverent pieces of cere- 
 mony and ritual, kept up from year to year, the inven- 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. ii 
 
 tion of some former verger, official, or parish clerk, such 
 as the turning round to the organ of the whole congre- 
 gation when that instrument began to play. A relative 
 of mine was married at one of these churches ; on the 
 occasion, as the altar and its covering would have dis- 
 graced the vicar's kitchen, he presented a new altar 
 cloth ; the enlightened vicar and churchwardens care- 
 fully laid it by and put it on when the donor and his 
 wife came to visit in the parish. In another corner of 
 Essex I remember a vicar who was three parts a 
 farmer, and certainly wore in service time what one could 
 hardly distinguish from an ordinary smock-frock as the 
 only vestment over his usual clothes. The whole 
 arrangement and service were of the very worst and 
 meanest. It was a seaside parish, and I often went 
 out sailing with a hearty, middle-aged fisherman, and 
 had a quiet chat with him and his wife. ' Married life 
 was our topic one day, and to my great surprise I found 
 that this happy -looking couple had never been married. 
 I talked a little about it, and asked if the vicar knew of 
 it and ever mentioned it. The reply of the sailor was 
 characteristic of the tone of the religion then in the 
 county : " Oh, no, sir, our vicar's a most hexellent 
 man, and never hinterferes with nobody's business ". 
 
 In the Life of Louisa, Lady Waterford, just pub- 
 lished, her sister, Lady Canning, writes from Curragh- 
 more, 1844 : " Lou has been reforming the clergyman. 
 She gets him and his curate to examine (catechise) the 
 
12 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 children, and gives him plenty of work about her 
 clothing club ; and in church she has by perseverance 
 got the whole congregation to stand when the Gospel is 
 read and when the Psalms are sung, which was never 
 done before." 
 
 But the Church Movement rapidly spread around 
 and about, and quickly altered that state of things : it 
 brought out a race of honest, earnest parish priests, who 
 gave themselves up to the life set forth in the Trac- 
 tarian works then being circulated. 
 
 It is called the Movement of 1833 ; but, as a fact, 
 there were many pioneers, who, several years before 
 that date, were teaching and working on the same 
 lines. 
 
 Some mention, too, may be made of still earlier 
 religious revivals — the Wesleyan, the Evangelical 
 Movement, the work of such lovers of souls as Toplady, 
 Simeon, Venn, Cornelius Neale and John Mason Good 
 {the father and godfather of John Mason N"eale, our 
 great theologian, historian, liturgiologist, and hymn- 
 writer), Wm. Wilberforce, Bickersteth, Leigh Eich- 
 mond, Elliott, Pym, Villiers, Marshall, and many 
 others. These were the men to whom Dr. Pusey 
 refers in that preface to a volume of his sermons, where 
 he hints that a better knowledge of such men, and 
 more familiar intercourse with them, might show that 
 our differences were not so great or so inevitable. We 
 do thankfully acknowledge all that was good and true 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. ij 
 
 in those earlier revivals ; it was something to have one 
 side of the great truths of our holy religion so earnestly 
 and vividly set before us. No one doubts that solid 
 good was the result of that early evangelical revival, 
 and that many were so led to embrace the whole of the 
 Faith as it is presented to us in our Creeds and Prayer 
 Book Offices. We see many of these early evangelical 
 names in the ranks of the Tractarian Movement. The 
 names of Simeon, Wilberforce, Dale, Villiers, and 
 Bickersteth, occur to us at once. Here and there,, 
 no doubt, there was much, bitterness and angry denun- 
 ciation which has long since passed away, except in the 
 records of some so-called Protestant associations. How 
 inappropriate to general feeling now would be Mr. 
 Doyle's caricature in Punch of " A Christian Gentle- 
 man denouncing the Pope " in Exeter Hall ; or the 
 address of a noble chairman in that Same hall, who 
 concluded a violent speech by exhorting his hearers to 
 do all in their power to uproot and destroy the Catholic 
 Faith — " Which except a man believe faithfully he can- 
 not be saved " — was shouted from the body of the halL 
 Then the speaker explained that that was not what he 
 meant ; no doubt, in those days, men did say more 
 than they meant in the heat and fervour of polemical 
 debate. It may safely be affirmed that the attacks for 
 the most part were made by our opponents ; High 
 Chiarch folk were not often given to seek notoriety, or 
 to attack on their part. 
 
14 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 The story of one famous exception is worth telling, 
 and perhaps it was one of the most severe that occurred. 
 A certain popular dissenting preacher and D.D. in the 
 East of London had written a book called " Lectures on 
 Puseyism," and, either with or without permission, had 
 dedicated it to H.K.H. Prince Albert. The author was 
 also the proprietor and editor of two religious news- 
 papers, in both of which, for some time after publica- 
 tion, appeared a great many laudatory notices of this 
 book. A week or so after these flattering reviews, 
 there appeared in one of these papers a letter, in large 
 type and good position, addressed to the editor, sug- 
 gesting how exceedingly useful these " Lectures on 
 Puseyism " were, and venturing to inquire if the royal 
 person to whom the book was dedicated had taken any 
 notice of the work, and how valuable his opinion would 
 be ; how it would render the work more popular, and 
 recommend it to the youth, of the country. The letter 
 ended with a desire that some steps should be taken to 
 obtain His Eoyal Highness's opinion. The letter was 
 signed by a clergyman's name, and dated from a vicarage 
 in Brighton. Next week a second letter appeared, 
 urging still more the great importance of obtaining 
 Prince Albert's opinion on the lectures, and advising 
 a humble address to the Queen, that Her Majesty would 
 be pleased to lay her royal command, as it were, on the 
 Prince Consort that he should give his opinion of this 
 valuable book. This second letter was signed by the 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 15 
 
 same clergyman from the same vicarage. Next week 
 a third letter appeared in continuation of the subject, 
 giving a form of petition to be addressed to Her 
 Majesty, with the object that she should request Prince 
 Albert to give his written opinion of this important 
 work, and proposing that some chief members of the 
 nobility, etc., should be asked to start the petition with 
 their signatures. Here followed the names of ten or 
 twelve lords, ladies, baronets, etc. This letter was signed 
 by the same clergyman from the same vicarage. A few 
 days afterwards an article appeared in a well-known 
 weekly review showing that the whole thing was a joke. 
 The letters were readily taken and printed by the 
 reverend editor, who was thought to have been praising 
 his own book in his own newspapers. No such clergy- 
 man as the one who signed the letters existed, there 
 was no such vicarage as that whence the letters were 
 dated, and of all the noble names suggested not one 
 was then living. 
 
 With many controversialists in those days it was 
 the custom to date all religion from the Eeformation, 
 oblivious of the fact that they were thereby playing 
 into the hands of Eome more surely than all the ritual 
 and ceremony that was ever practised. Even in a 
 recent Privy Council trial the counsel for the Church 
 Association actually suggested that the present Church 
 of Englaind had no connection as to canons, councils, 
 documents, ritual or rubrics, with the Church before 
 
i6 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 the Eeformation. Such a statement might well, as it 
 did, astonish even the Lord Chancellor; and next day, 
 as a sort of apology, a " legal continuity " was acknow- 
 ledged. It was a curious anachronism that such an 
 opinion should have been uttered before a court that 
 was discussing the judgment of the 95th Archbishop 
 of Canterbury ! 
 
 But to return to the earlier days. Many years be- 
 fore 1833 there were men of piety, learning, and 
 renown, teaching and preaching on the same lines 
 as the Tractarian Movement, who were in some true 
 sense pioneers. I can only mention a few of these, 
 such as Bishop Jebb (who was buried in the tomb 
 of the Thorntons at Clapham) ; Alex. Knox ; Bishops 
 Van Mildert and Jolly ; Patrick Cheyne ; Mr. Slade 
 (who wrote a commentary on the Psalms) ; Arch- 
 deacon E. W. Evans, of Heversham, author of the 
 Rectory of Valehead, and many other works, two espe- 
 cially, the Bishopric of Souls, and the Ministry of the 
 Body, most useful to the clergy, and like in value 
 to Prebendary Sadler's Church Doctrine, etc. ; C. E. 
 Kennaway, author of Consolatio ; H. H. Norris, rector 
 of South Hackney, who had an important controversy 
 with the British and Foreign Bible Society ; Dr. Mill, 
 first Principal of Bishop's College, Calcutta, Kegius 
 Professor of Hebrew at Cambridge, author of many 
 learned lectures, sermons, etc., a name to be remem- 
 bered in the very foremost rank of Anglican divines ; 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 17 
 
 he afterwards took the living of Brasted, near Seven- 
 oaks, in Kent, leading the life of an active parish 
 priest to the last. His Catechetical Lectures were 
 published after his death by his son-in-law, the Eev. 
 Benjamin Webb, one of the well-known Cambridge 
 men of the movement, a coadjutor with John Mason 
 Neale, especially in art and ecclesiology, for many 
 years vicar of St. Andrew's, "Wells Street, the church 
 built for Mr. T. M. Fallow, curate to Dean Chandler, 
 Eector of All Souls, Langham Place, but he died soon 
 after it was consecrated. Mr. Fallow's son — also T. 
 M. Fallow — born after his father's death, was in holy 
 orders. Mr. Fallow, of St. Andrew's, was on the com- 
 mittee of the Motett Society, before its connection with 
 the Ecclesiological Society. In Mr. Worris's parish of 
 Hackney, too, lived many earnest laymen, working up 
 towards higher things, among them Joshua Watson, 
 Governor of the Bank of England, to whom Dr. Kew- 
 man dedicated a volume of his Parochial Sermons, and 
 whose life, written by Archdeacon Churton, is full of 
 interest, especially in the account of the foundation of 
 the great Church Societies; and in the early part of Dr. 
 Pusey's life there are interesting mentions of his visiting 
 Mr. Joshua Watson at Brighton. 
 
 One of the most remarkable of these pioneers was of 
 earlier date still — the Eev. John Oxlee, rector of Scaw- 
 ton, and curate of Stonegrave, Yorkshire, who in 1819 
 and 1821 preached and published three sermons. The 
 
i8 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 first was preached in Thirsk Church, at the visitation 
 of the Right Worshipful Charles Baillie, from St. John 
 XX. 23, " in which," as the title-page tells us, " it 
 is demonstrated, in the broadest and most fundamental 
 principles of the Christian faith, that the full power of 
 remitting or retaining sins, and of dispensing absolu- 
 tion, is an essential prerogative of the Christian priest- 
 hood ". The second sermon was thus entitled : " In 
 which it is unanswerably proved to all believers in 
 Divine revelation, that the Christian priesthood is a 
 perfect hierarchy, emanating from God Himself, and 
 that in this realm the only real and efficient Christian 
 ministers are those of the Church of England ". The 
 third sermon is on the Christian ministry; and the 
 regular episcopal succession is deduced by a continued 
 and uninterrupted list of Christian bishops, from the 
 blessed Apostles Peter, Paul, and John, down to the 
 present prelates of Canterbury, York, and London. All 
 three sermons had extensive notes and extracts from 
 the early Fathers of the Church and from English 
 divines ; but the last had a valuable appendix, with 
 tables of the first bishops of the Churches of Jeru- 
 salem, Antioch, Alexandria, Eome, Clermont, Tours, 
 Autun, Vienne, Aries, and Lyons ; a list of the Arch- 
 bishops of Canterbury, from St. Augustine to the 
 present time ; of York, from Paulinus to the present 
 time ; of London, from A.D. 604 to the present time ; 
 and the series of Roman Pontiffs, from 336 to 1294. 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 19 
 
 This Yorkshire author and divine wrote several other 
 learned works ; one on the doctrine of the Holy 
 Trinity, a most telling reply to the Unitarians, in a 
 letter to Mr. Wellbeloved, a Unitarian minister of 
 York. He was known to such men as Bishops Middle- 
 ton, Heber, Kaye, Thirlwall, and others, as one of the 
 most profound and learned scholars of the day in Latin, 
 Greek, Hebrew, Chaldee, and Syriac. It is recorded 
 that the venerable and learned President of Magdalen 
 (Routh), in 1852, had only just seen Mr. Oxlee's ser- 
 mons, and wrote to express his satisfaction. It would 
 be a curious inquiry to ask what effect these sermons 
 had on the fifty or sixty rough Yorkshire parsons of 
 that day, probably somewhat after the type of old 
 Bronte, the father of Charlotte Bronte : one can imagine 
 their look of intense astonishment as they sat in the 
 fine old church of Thirsk and listened to such a 
 passage as this : — 
 
 Prom the foregoing statements it will manifestly appear that 
 the present subsisting hierarchy of the Church of England derived 
 its episcopal power and authority, originally and immediately, not 
 from the Bomish Pontiffs, but from the Galilean Metropolitans ; 
 and this, by the way, is always a sufficient answer to the vulgar 
 prejudice and ignorant clamour of the English Dissenters, who con- 
 tend that if the Church of England will boast of her episcopal 
 succession, she must be content to have it derived from the corrupt 
 and contaminated fountain of the Eomish Church, as though, 
 indeed, it were a crime and a sin to have obtained episcopal power 
 from that see, which, as all antiquity might be cited to testify, 
 derived it from the Apostles themselves, etc. , etc. 
 
 It is not at all certain that they took Mr. Oxlee 
 
20 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 seriously ; it is hardly to be wondered at if it were 
 so, when we remember that the cruel sport of bear- 
 baiting was carried on not very many years before ; and 
 the story is told that the parish clerk of a church in a 
 neighbouring county, in a whisper, said to the clergy- 
 man between the prayers, " the bear has arrived, and 
 is a very fine one". These Yorkshire parsons dined 
 as usual with the Chancellor ; and it is said that after 
 dinner a whisper went round the table that the next 
 vacant cardinal's hat was to be bestowed on the 
 preacher. The sermons were published with the names 
 of Hatchard and Rivington for a firm at York, and 
 some forty years after the remainder were unearthed 
 from Messrs. Hatchard's cellar, and met with a ready 
 sale. 
 
 Let us also pay a passing tribute to the popular 
 preachers of 1840 and onwards, whose churches were 
 crowded and their sermons listened to with atten- 
 tion, such men as Montague Villiers, Sanderson Eobins, 
 Canon Dale, Daniel Moore, and Henry Melvill ; to niy 
 knowledge such earnest and vigorous preaching was of 
 the greatest benefit to the young men of London, and 
 when the Church Movement came into their lives ther& 
 was little to unlearn ; the addition of some important 
 truths, and the outward expression of the same, natur- 
 ally followed. I think we took more trouble in re- 
 ligious matters than young folks do in these days of 
 trams, underground trains, and omnibuses for every 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 21 
 
 few hundred yards. As youths we thought nothing 
 of walking on Sunday evenings from our home in 
 Soho to Camden Chapel, Camberwell, standing through- 
 out the service and sermon, and walking home. Those 
 forty minutes' sermons, delivered with all the power and 
 energy of Mr. Melvill's prime, were something to 
 remember. Mr. Melvill, afterwards Eector of Barnes, 
 and Canon of St. Paul's, who was a good churchman, 
 edited Sherlock on Public Worship for Mr. Burns's 
 Englishman's Library, one of the many series that were 
 brought out in the movement. I cannot say much for 
 the ritual of Camden Chapel in those days, but there 
 was good Church teaching in those popular sermons ; 
 one especially, on November 5, was a warning to the 
 over-zealous in reform, that, in removing, as they 
 thought, some corrupt additions, great care was needed, 
 some vital truth being always at the bottom ; and that 
 by cutting too deeply the truth itself might be damaged 
 or lost. Just as Dr. Pusey felt it of moment to distin- 
 guish what the Articles really condemned as Eomish ; 
 lest we involved therewith feelings and doctrines and 
 practices which were primitive. Though most of the 
 popular extempore preachers were Evangelicals, many 
 of them were better Churchmen at heart than we should 
 suppose. Canon Dale, at St. Bride's, and evening 
 preacher at St. Sepulchre's, Snow Hill, afterwards at 
 St. Pancras, and Dean of Eochester, was a most earnest, 
 excellent preacher. St. Sepulchre's was always filled, 
 
22 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 and with a large proportion of young men ; and the 
 Church principles of some of his children and grand- 
 children testify to his orthodox and energetic life. Some 
 may remember the rector's large square pew at the end 
 of the north aisle, where the preacher's young family 
 aU appeared ; and bright, clever, intelligent young 
 faces they were. Robert Montgomery, who came from 
 St. Jude's, Glasgow, was one of the most popular of 
 that day ; his chapel, Percy Chapel, Charlotte Street, 
 Fitzroy Square (now taken down), was certainly most 
 uncomfortably crowded ; but, much as Macaulay de- 
 spised his poetry, he was well worth hearing : it is 
 really a fact that once upon a time he wrote for the 
 Ecclesiastic, a most pronounced Tractarian monthly ; and 
 his volume of poems, called the Christian Life, on the 
 plan of the Christian Tear, contained much that was 
 sweet and instructive. One of his volumes of 
 poetry was called Satan,, and from that he was at 
 times called " Satan Montgomery ". It is said that, 
 calling one day on a High Church publisher, he entered 
 the office in his usual loud manner. " My name is 
 Montgomery. You know me ? " The publisher got up 
 from his seat rather startled, and said, "Oh, yes, 
 Satan ". These overcrowded churches were rather try- 
 ing to old-fashioned folks. An orthodox churchman, 
 a friend of mine, who always thought it his duty to hear 
 both sides, managed to get into Percy Chapel to hear 
 Robert Montgomery. Coming out on the crowded 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 23 
 
 staircase an old worm an asked him if he did not think 
 it was beautiful. " Very well for once, my good 
 woman ; very well for once." " For once, sir ! " she 
 exclaimed in dismay. This same old churchman was 
 a regular communicant at his parish church of St. 
 Martin-in-the-Fields, though in Sir Henry Dukinfield's 
 time Church privileges were not abundant. He was a 
 vestryman, and now and then put in a few words that 
 showed his churchmanship — e.g., he once proposed that 
 a parochial dinner given in the middle of summer 
 should be held at a much more salubrious and ap- 
 propriate time, such as November 11, the day of the 
 patron saint of their church. I fear that very few of 
 the vestrymen knew that there was such a day as St. 
 Martin's Day in the Calendar. 
 
 The most popular preachers in the early days were 
 not all Low Churchmen. Archdeacon Manning was 
 very popular, and the churches crowded whenever he 
 preached in town. His bright presence, refined features, 
 and winning manner were most attractive ; and his ser- 
 mons then seemed more telling than his later addresses 
 in the Eomish Church. I remember the practical 
 results of one at St. Margaret's, Westminster, for West- 
 minster Hospital. A friend was there, and the first 
 ■ thing he said to his wife on returning home was, " My 
 dear, we have two or three spare beds and bedding in 
 the loft ; we must send them down to Westminster 
 Hospital — Archdeacon Manning said so " . These single 
 
24 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 sermons of the archdeacon's were frequently published, 
 and many a time I have bought one and enjoyed 
 reading it after having heard it. A curious coincidence 
 occurred with one of them preached for the Magdalen 
 Hospital, from the text, " Now there stood by the cross 
 of Jesus," etc. A few weeks after it had been pub- 
 lished, I happened to have the sermon in my pocket 
 when I went to church, and sat, as usual, with my Sun- 
 day-school boys under the organ at the west end. The 
 curate, a young deacon, nephew of a bishop, was 
 preaching for a Penitentiary, and gave out the same 
 text ; it sounded familiar, and I drew the printed ser- 
 mon out of my pocket, and read it after the preacher, 
 who delivered it word for word, without a sound of 
 acknowledgment ; he was very young, and so his rather 
 conceited action may be forgiven. Mr, Purchas, of 
 Brighton, at times read Bishop Hall's Contemplations, 
 but he always told his people what he was reading. 
 
 Dr. Hook was much appreciated as a preacher in 
 London; and I need not say that when Dr. Pusey 
 preached in town, the churches were filled with devout 
 hearers. For some years he preached at St. Mary 
 Magdalen's, Munster Square, on Ascension Day; and 
 many well-known men were in the church — Eobert and 
 Samuel Wilberforce, and Father Ignatius, then a young 
 deacon. On the evening of the consecration, F. D, 
 Maurice preached, and Mark Pattison was in the 
 church. When Pusey preached at the consecration of 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 25 
 
 St. Barnabas, Pimlico, there were a great many more 
 people outside the church than in ; and on the occasion 
 of his preaching at St. Peter's Chapel, Pimlico (during 
 Thomas Norton Harper's short incumbency), it was full, 
 even up the pulpit steps. He preached in his academi- 
 cal gown ; and the story runs that on his way back to 
 the vestry, an old woman said, "Ah, sir, if we only 
 had more sermons like that, there would be no ' Pusey- 
 ism ' in our churches ". 
 
 He preached several times in old Margaret Chapel, 
 when, of course, the little chapel was more than full. 
 He preached there at Evensong on St. Peter's Day, the 
 night before Mr. Oakeley was condemned in the Old 
 Arches Court. On one special occasion he preached 
 there the sermon, " Do all to the Lord Jesus " : it was 
 published, and many thousands were sold. On this 
 occasion, I think, some of us were told by the verger 
 that the lower part of the chapel was full, and that we 
 must go upstairs into the gallery. Dr. Pusey's young 
 daughter was there, and told the verger that she was 
 sure her papa would not like her to take so high or 
 exalted a place in the chapel. 
 
 Dr. A. B. Evans was for many years evening 
 preacher at St. Andrew's, Wells Street, coming in from 
 Enfield, where he was curate to Mr. Heath. The 
 church was always filled, and no one who heard his 
 sharp and telling sermons, with a great deal of wit and 
 occasional sarcasm — somewhat after the style of South's 
 
26 RECOLLECTIONS OF OXFORD MOVEMENT. 
 
 famous discourses — could dispute his ability in his own 
 special line. I have now a letter from a clergyman 
 well able to judge, in which he says, "Dr. Evans gave 
 us the grandest sermon on Thursday, June 13, at St. 
 Peter's, Vauxhall, on ' Your reasonable service,' that I 
 have ever heard preached ; it was perfectly marvellous ". 
 He was thoroughly original, and some years after had 
 the vicarage of St. Mary-le-Strand, where he earned 
 the respect and affection of very many friends. When 
 he was at Wells Street, a curious story is told. Some 
 friends were anxious to publish a volume or two of his 
 sermons, and it was proposed to raise a small sum to 
 defray the cost of printing. Mr. Masters was to be 
 the publisher. A rich, crotchety churchman was asked 
 to help. " I know you'll go putting ' S.' for ' Saint ' in- 
 stead of ' St.,' and all that sort of thing." " Ah, well," 
 said the friend, " if you will help I will undertake that 
 ' St.' shall be put for ' Saint ' throughout." " In that 
 case," replied the gentleman, "I will give ten pounds; 
 but I don't like the way he does his hair — those two little 
 curls on each side I think in very bad taste." " Well," 
 replied Dr. Evans's friend, smiling, " if you will give 
 another ten pounds, I don't mind asking him to cut off 
 those curls." Two volumes of sermons were printed 
 and were valued. I think they have been out of print 
 for some years. " St." for " Saint " was printed through- 
 out, though many would have it that "St." stood for 
 "Street". 
 
CHAPTEE II. 
 
 In looking back on those early London days, nothing 
 seems more wonderful than the rapid way in which the 
 Tractarian Movement changed the whole tone of things 
 in religious matters : within ten years of the beginning 
 a vast number of the London churches showed many 
 signs of its influence. It was like a call that was sure 
 to touch all that was earnest and real in people's 
 hearts ; it, in fact, said to them : " Here is your own 
 old Church, no new Church, the old foundations well 
 laid, with its Prayer-book, preface, calendar, offices, 
 creeds, sacraments, ordinal, its fasts and vigils, saints' 
 and holy days ; this is what it is in theory : but what 
 a different thing now in practice!" This stirred the 
 hearts of thousands ; it urged them to be consistent, to 
 carry into practice the Church system ready to their 
 hands : it was the old Church of their country, its 
 historical and constitutional claims were worth con- 
 tending for. And so it came to pass that very early in 
 the movement busy merchants and others found time 
 to go to early service and celebrations, especially on 
 holy days and festivals, making a point at such times 
 
 of returning in time for evensong. Of course, improve- 
 
 (27) 
 
28 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 ineuts in the services were gradual, and in many cases 
 only the week-day and saints' day services were more 
 brightly and carefully rendered, leaving the Sunday 
 services just as they were, until in due time the men 
 of the place were led to ask why the beautiful ser- 
 vices were given to their wives and daughters in the 
 week-day, and not to themselves on Sundays. 
 
 Thus within a few years most marked changes took 
 place in hundreds of churches in London and all over 
 the country ; in Scotland and even in Ireland, America 
 and the West Indies, there was much change in the 
 arrangement, order, and ornaments of the churches and 
 services ; new churches of great beauty and grandeur 
 were built; and even in the old-fashioned churches of 
 London much was done to give a more seemly and 
 reverent order of things. Old things, old neglects and 
 abuses were to be no more ; the days were fast passing 
 away when an old country rector, without the least 
 conscious profanity, at the monthly celebration would 
 consecrate nearly half a loaf, giving it at the end of the 
 service to the poorer communicants who flocked to the 
 altar rails, but without kneeling or outward sign of 
 reverence ; and again, which is even worse, when 
 another rector would leave the remainder of the con- 
 secrated elements to be removed or dealt with by the 
 female pew-opener ; happily, a new curate iasisted on 
 undertaking that office, and threatened to leave at once 
 if the rector continued the old miserable way : or when 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 29 
 
 a young lad's preparation for Confirmation was one 
 visit to the old rector in his dining-room, who shook 
 hands, and said he knew how well and carefully his 
 father and mother had brought him up, and so he had 
 much pleasure in giving him his ticket ; and that was 
 all. A friend's experience in that way was singular. 
 He was at school in Eaton Square ; among his school- 
 fellows were sons of Mr. Bennett and Mr. Fuller (the 
 incumbents of St. Paul's, Knightsbridge, and St. Peter's, 
 Eaton Square). One day the headmaster asked him if he 
 wished to be confirmed, and he said "Yes" ; the master 
 asked him to say the Apostles' Creed, and gave him his 
 ticket. The master then turned to another boy, saying, 
 
 " M , you ought to , be confirmed, you are big 
 
 enough ". The boy was offended, and living just 
 opposite, went across to St. Paul's, Knightsbridge, and 
 stood up in the church to be catechised. Years after- 
 wards we visited his grave at Preston, near Brighton, a 
 soldier's sword at the foot of a cross. The Confirma- 
 tion itself, in St. James's, Piccadilly, by Bishop Blom- 
 field, was not a very impressive or solemn ceremoniaL 
 Compared with some Confirmations of a later time 
 in many London churches, or with those by Bishop 
 Hamilton of Salisbury, Harvey of Exeter, Bishop 
 Forbes of Brechin, or by the Bishop of Chichester 
 in St. Paul's, Brighton, it was cold and formal indeed. 
 
 But even in such a parish as St. Anne, Soho, with 
 surroundings and arrangements of the very plainest 
 
30 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 fashion, the Church Movement was felt and bore fruit. 
 In those days the parish had not been invaded by 
 foreigners. The fine old houses in Dean Street, Car- 
 lisle Street, Gerrard Street, and Soho Square, with their 
 historical and literary record, their handsome entrance 
 halls, ornamented ceilings, and carved staircases, had 
 not yet been turned into shops, restaurants and ware- 
 houses. The church was fairly full of parishioners, 
 and all parochial work was well looked after. There 
 ■were two thorough-working curates — one a Cambridge 
 man, a friend of Bishop Selwyn, to whom Sir Edward 
 Kerrison gave a living in Suffolk (his son is now rector 
 of a large Midland parish and rural dean). The other 
 curate was an Oxford man, a very excellent scholar 
 and parish priest, and thoroughly in touch with the 
 Tractarian Movement ; and from him, in spite of sur- 
 roundings, came the knowledge of the higher life to 
 very many ; such books as Mr. Gresley's and Mr. F. E. 
 Paget's, with smaller tracts and manuals, came upon us 
 as a revelation. A book like Bernard Leslie, giving the 
 portrait of a country curate, and how he gradually 
 swept away the dust of ages of neglect and indifference, 
 set the sympathies to work, and all longed to take their 
 part in the revival. 
 
 Litany on Wednesday and Friday was, I think, all 
 the week-day service at St. Anne's, with one monthly 
 late celebration ; but the Oxford curate and some of 
 the younger folks were at the daily five o'clock even- 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 31 
 
 song at Margaret Chapel, then recently taken by 'Mr. 
 Oakeley, and at the early celebrations too ; part of the 
 story of that very ordinary-looking chapel I will try to 
 tell later on. 
 
 Still, at St. Anne's the higher teaching fell on some 
 good ground ; with a few of the older people the bow 
 at the Gloria had not been forgotten, and the week 
 before Holy Communion was a real time of prepara- 
 tion ; many used the old week's preparation, and the 
 old Whole Duty of Man (not the editions with some 
 of the Church teaching cut out), Bishop Wilson's 
 Sacra Privata and Lord's Supper, and Robert Nelson's 
 Fasts and Festivals. The large charity schools were in 
 Rose Street, Soho ; the girls and boys, in the old 
 picturesque dresses, had a gallery to themselves in 
 church on each side of the great organ at the west end. 
 The organ was a grand old instrument, with three rows 
 of keys and great pedal pipes, most ably played for 
 years as a labour of love by the young daughter of a 
 parishioner who was devoted to sacred music and the 
 care and good order of the instrument. The children 
 were carefully trained, and sang admirably. Many of 
 these boys in after life turned out well ; the two senior 
 boys especially, who used to sing the duet and solo 
 parts in the Collect Anthem, " Lord of all power and 
 might," for the seventh Sunday after Trinity ; they be- 
 came national schoolmasters ; from charity boys they 
 were Sunday-school boys, and then Sunday-school 
 
32 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 teachers ; they were born of very humble parents in St, 
 Anne's Court, Dean Street ; but in spite of that, were, in 
 many ways, really gentlemen in heart and feeling. There 
 are but few now left who would remember "the two 
 Lynches," as they were called. The church was a 
 large and handsome building of its kind, with a circu- 
 lar chancel apse, ornamented ceiling, and many in- 
 teresting monuments, one to a King of Corsica, 1756 ; 
 to David Williams, founder of the Literary Fund ; to 
 William Hamilton, E.A. ; and one that especially in- 
 terested us in young days, to a l^ishop of St. David's, 
 with crozier and mitre. The lower part of the chancel, 
 under a very stiff, gaudy window, was laid out in panels 
 with circular tops, containing the Lord's Prayer, the 
 Ten Commandments, and two full-length paintings of 
 Moses and Aaron, But for the three-decker and the 
 high oak pews it really would have had a grand ap- 
 pearance : now the old pews are lowered, the organ is 
 moved down and turned into two huge erections on 
 each side, making a sort of quasi-chancel. The three- 
 decker was a peculiar one, the steps to the pulpit or 
 upper erection forming a sort of arch under which you 
 could walk. The service was not much to describe — 
 the clergy proceeded from the vestry at the far end, 
 headed by one beadle in green and gold, and as they 
 left the vestry another beadle opened the door to the 
 middle division, or prayer-desk, which drew out with 
 steps attached, and you could hear the click with which 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 33 
 
 it caught when fully open ; and then, when the reader 
 had safely gone up the steps, it was closed with a 
 similar catch — rather an awkward imprisonment if 
 the reader were taken ill, which occurred once. The 
 preacher in surplice, hood, etc., went into the chancel 
 apse, whence he was solemnly conducted down the 
 church in due time by the beadle to don his black 
 gown. The amen-clerk was an important person, but 
 he came last and let himself into his lower desk ; in 
 appearance, though not in height, he was a regular 
 Falstaff, and evidently had an opinion of his own 
 dignity ; by profession he was a clever and intelligent 
 engraver, but he was sorely puzzled at the increase of 
 reverence and solemnity that was then taking place. 
 He gave vent to his feelings at times in the week-days 
 on the occasion of a baptism or christening by the 
 Oxford curate, or by the rector's son, Charles Middle- 
 ton MacLeod, when on a visit. He confessed " that he 
 could not make it out ; the latter person, he thought, 
 was actually frightened to touch the book, the font, the 
 communion-table, or anything in the church ". It 
 would be difficult to detail the improvement, though it 
 was gradually evident in many matters of personal 
 reverence, kneeling, etc.; and in those days kneeling 
 was anything but easy. Some classes of the Sunday- 
 school were placed at the chancel steps and used to 
 face the congregation ; now they were turned the other 
 way, which was much more decent and orderly. The 
 
34 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 master of the charity schools was a character : he was 
 an elderly man of great learning and acquirements, and 
 had clearly come down in the world ; a good Greek, 
 Latin, and Hebrew scholar, and a mathematician too, 
 was hardly needed for such a post ; he was ready to 
 impart his knowledge of languages, etc., and would play 
 two games of chess with us at once without seeing 
 either board or men, and win them. Talking of charity 
 schools reminds me that many of the old foundation 
 deeds were written and expressed iu most orthodox and 
 religious terms, beginning in the name of the Holy 
 Trinity, etc. ; the sick and poor were well visited and 
 assisted ; nor does one easily forget the first occasion of 
 joining in the Communion of the Sick with the Oxford 
 curate : it was in one of the smaller houses in Gerrard 
 Street, where, on the second floor, a young girl in the 
 last stage of consumption lay dying. As we were let in 
 at the street-door his clear " Peace be to this house and 
 to all that dwell therein " was most impressive. All 
 was nicely arranged for the service by him on a small 
 table near the bed, and in cassock, surplice, and stole 
 it was quietly and reverently done ; the solemn peace of 
 it all was something to remember, and showed most of 
 all in the calm, pale face of the poor girl. On one such 
 occasion a gentleman of that parish, finding the people 
 had no small suitable table, carried one from his own 
 home a mile and a half through the streets of London. 
 The Sunday-schools of this parish were very large and 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 35 
 
 admirably managed by the rector's daughter and niece 
 and other excellent workers, and among the men were 
 Edward Thornton — whose loss from among us we have 
 just been deploring — Theodore Galton, Mr. Edison a 
 barrister, etc. Many of the new hymn-books and 
 catechisms just then published were used ; and it was 
 a great charm to the pupils to have some small cate- 
 chisms, such as lessons on the Prayer-book, calendar, 
 etc., with their own names printed to the answers : 
 these were, of course, written and published by the 
 Oxford curate. The best also was done to solve the 
 problem how to attach and retain Sunday scholars to 
 the Church. One plan we found of great service : two 
 or three of the teachers had an evening school from 
 seven to nine twice in the week, teaching writing 
 and arithmetic ; it was made a sort of reward for the 
 best conducted Sunday scholars, and for those out- 
 growing the school. The curates were constantly in 
 this evening school ; and always, at a quarter to nine, 
 there was short evensong or compline, and in this ser- 
 vice the seasons, saints' days, eves and vigils, were 
 carefully commemorated, and the calendar of the 
 Church's year made more of a reality. 
 
 Another plan for keeping up the interest of the 
 Sunday scholars was to take them about to the service 
 in churches where things were advancing. Many a 
 pleasant walk and talk, as Mr. Paget says, were thus en- 
 joyed. Sometimes to Westminster Abbey, or St. Mark's 
 
36 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 College, Chelsea, when Derwent Coleridge was Principal, 
 and Mr. Helmore was then beginning his life's work 
 and devotion to the music of the Church ; it was 
 a splendid choral service without accompaniment; to 
 Christ Church, Broadway, Westminster, Mr. Cyril 
 Page's ; Christ Church, Albany Street, Mr. Dodsworth's ; 
 Christ Church, Hoxton, where Mr. Scott was working 
 well and thoroughly : though he was better known as 
 a theological and critical writer, and editor of the 
 Christian Bememlrancer ; Mr. Milman, Eector of St, 
 Augustine's, City, was once curate to Mr. Scott. 
 Smaller works and tracts were often written by him, 
 and most useful they were. Plain Words to Plain- 
 People was the title of some excellent ones. 
 
 In these ways hold was kept on the scholars, and 
 they were helped to start in life. In one class, two 
 became national schoolmasters, two working jewellers, 
 one a clever upholsterer, one a clergyman — now rector 
 of a parish in Norfolk — two brothers were solicitors' 
 and barristers' clerks. Not very long ago I much 
 astonished a young friend by telling her I had met two 
 Sunday scholars, and had invited them to spend the 
 evening ; her idea of Sunday scholars was her own little 
 
 tribe of mites at St. ; so what was her surprise to 
 
 see two tall men, with long beards, walk in ! They 
 joined in our games, and quite entered into them, 
 and played chess, etc., with the best of us. They 
 were the two brothers last mentioned then getting 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 37 
 
 on in years ; they both remain single, to give a 
 good home to their crippled and invalid sisters. The 
 Sunday-school teachers were part of the staff of 
 ' district visitors ; and as the parish contained one side of 
 Wardour Street and Crown Street, Newport Court and 
 Market, and part of Seven Dials, with the numerous 
 courts in them, there was abundance of work. The 
 sick scholars of the schools were always carefully 
 visited in their homes and in the hospitals. 
 
 The influence of the movement in these early days 
 was shown chiefly in the preaching, and in smaller 
 matters of reverence ; as, for instance, where the double 
 cushions were retained on the altar, there was no loung- 
 ing on them, and the assistant priest generally knelt at 
 some distance, facing east ; but there was nothing of what 
 we call Eitual. Mr. Eodwell, evening preacher at St. 
 Mark's, Myddelton Square, in delicate health, sat dur- 
 ing the Psalms, but always stood up at the Glorias, in 
 the great three-decker that then hid altar, railings, etc., 
 in that church. Our immediate neighbours— St. 
 James's, Piccadilly, and St. Giles-in-the-Fields — showed 
 many signs of this influence. Mr. Ward, afterwards 
 Dean of Lincoln, was Eector of St. James's, where they 
 had early weekly celebrations : Mr. E. H. Thompson 
 one of the first married converts to Eome, was curate ; 
 the late Dean Oakley was also curate there. Archbishop 
 Tenison's Chapel, called after the first Eector of St. 
 James's, was in this parish ; and there for many years 
 
38 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 Mr. Gay (afterwards Eector of St. Matthew's, Ipswich) 
 carried on the work single-handed, would ring his own 
 bell, and say his daily matins at nine from his three- 
 decker, not at all depending on a congregation, though 
 there was generally a very small .one. He was a 
 thorough working parish priest. He married a daughter 
 of Henry Howard, E.A., the renowned figure-painter, 
 who was a regular attendant at St. Anne's, Soho. One 
 of Mr. Howard's sons, Edward Irving Howard, took a 
 good degree at Lincoln College, Oxford, and went out to 
 Ipdia as a barrister; it was very sad that early in his 
 career he was killed in a railway accident, the train 
 breaking apart. His name reminds us that it is not 
 always a success to call children after the names of 
 favourite divines, writers, or painters, at least with the 
 hope that the child will in after years follow in the steps 
 and views of his supposed patron or namesake. John 
 Mason Neale was an instance of how things may take an 
 almost opposite direction. In some cases (not imaginary 
 ones) it seemed almost disastrous ; what could be more 
 distressing than to christen your son Martin Luther, 
 and in after years see him received into the Church of 
 Rome ? or for a talented artist to call his son Michael 
 Angelo, and that years hence he should become a very 
 indifferent artist, and end his days as a photographer ? 
 It is not every Arthur or Horatio who turns out a brave 
 man, nor every G-eorge Herbert who becomes a saintly 
 and religious person. We are talking of exceptions; but, 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 39 
 
 of course, one could fill pages with the successful 
 instances, such as Copley Vandyke Fielding, etc. 
 
 From this time to its transformation into St. 
 Thomas's, Eegent Street (which is still a centre of 
 Church work and teaching), sacrificing its valuable 
 porch and entrance in that busy thoroughfare, Arch- 
 bishop Tenison's Chapel had a good record of incum- 
 bents ; among them Haselwood (first Vicar of St. 
 Mark's, Hamilton Terrace), J. H. Thomas (sometime 
 Archdeacon of Cape Town), Cowan (afterwards Vicar of 
 St. John's, Hammersmith, where Hugh Monro was his 
 curate) ; Mr. Burrows, of Christ Church, Albany Street, 
 afterwards Canon of Eochester. W. H. Brookfield was 
 there, and then for many years Vicar of St. Luke's, 
 Berwick Street, a brilliant scholar and preacher, fear- 
 fully out of place in a parish that was nearly all like 
 the Seven Dials and the New Cut. Many will remem- 
 ber his finely-chiselled features and graceful manner, 
 and all know the very beautiful memoriam poem to him 
 by Tennyson. 
 
 Many of these neighbours were often at St. Anne's. 
 Those were the days of afternoon and evening lecture- 
 ships and readerships. Among these were T. T. Haver- 
 field, incumbent of York Chapel, St. James's ; William 
 Harness, the Shakespearian scholar ; and Edward Dal- 
 ton, afterwards Eector of Lambeth and Vicar of High- 
 gate. Dean (then Mr.) Gregory was Incumbent of St. 
 Mary-the-Less, Lambeth, a very populous and poor 
 
40 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 district, where he worked hard for years, and in 1859 
 had a mission-room near Vauxhall Gardens. 
 
 The other close neighbour was St. Giles-in-the- 
 Fields, where things were also working up. James 
 Endell Tyler, a Fellow of Oriel, the friend of Whately, 
 Jelf, Newman, Coplestone, etc., had been appointed 
 vicar by Lord Liverpool. His fine face and figure were 
 to be seen constantly about his parish, which was 
 thoroughly well worked with careful and reverent 
 services ; in church he wore bands of a different 
 make to those usually seen then ; instead of two narrow 
 strips of muslin, they were large and in one piece, 
 falling down flat like those we see in old prints of the 
 Caroline Divines, and of Bossuet and Fenelon. He 
 had some excellent men as curates ; among them Mr. 
 Watts, who had Bedford Chapel, and Mr. Swain, first 
 Vicar of Christ Church, Endell Street (built by the 
 well-known Church architect, Mr. Benjamin Ferrey), 
 a street running from Holborn to the Covent Garden 
 district, which was called after Mr. Tyler's second 
 Christian name. The work and influence of the 
 Church Movement among the masses was undoubtedly 
 set forward by hundreds of clergymen in town and 
 country, such as Mr. Swain, of Endell Street. There 
 he laboured all his life, a life of rare self-denial and 
 work, had daily service and early communions, was 
 always to be found in his church or parish or in the 
 workhouse, where he ministered ; this workhouse sur- 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 41 
 
 rounded the church, and the galleries were reserved 
 for those of its inmates who could come — what ups and 
 downs of life he must have seen and known, and what 
 a parish it was and is ! Scarcely a parishioner above 
 the lower middle class ! It was a testimony to the 
 work here as well as at St. Anne's that the parents of 
 the lower middle class, and down to the very poor, 
 though they themselves did not often fall in with the 
 " new-fangled and Puseyite ways," were yet bound to 
 say that their children who were under the new in- 
 fluence, were all the better sons and daughters for it ; 
 were all the more obedient, attentive, loving, indus- 
 trious, careful, well-spoken, and thoughtful for others. 
 
 Before we go further in the way of other London 
 parishes, let us return for a while to St. Anne's, where 
 the names of the higher class of parishioners, such as 
 Carpue, Hertslet, Beardmore, of Carlisle Street, etc., 
 were gradually giving way to names well known in 
 commerce — good and worthy names, and in most cases 
 good parishioners — among these were such well-known 
 names as Warne, Eoutledge, D'Almaine, Kirkman, 
 Novello, Crosse and Blackwell, Kussell Smith, etc. In 
 due course, after the old rector's death, the Eev. 
 Nugent Wade, from St. Paul's, Bunhill Eow, was 
 appointed, and daily service and weekly communion 
 were the rule, and many good men were serving as 
 curates. Mr. Wade was an Irishman, and had several 
 Irishmen as curates — the Eev. C. Ingham Black, An- 
 
42 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 drew Nugee, Walter Atkins, and Percy and Hugh 
 Monro, brothers of Edward Monro, and Dr. Henry 
 Monro, all four sons of the famous Dr. Monro, the 
 physician. The daily service was sung by twelve of 
 the Sunday scholars, led by two or three of the teachers. 
 In a large Italian building like St. Anne's it took 
 some power of voice to sing the daily service without 
 any instrument. On one occasion a gentleman of the 
 choir had been singing lustily at the eight o'clock 
 matins on the morning of his wedding-day : coming 
 out one of the curates said, with a bit of a brogue, 
 " Faith, and you sing as if nothing at all was going to 
 happen to ye " ; it was odd to suppose he was going to 
 lose his voice on the happy occasion. At times such 
 men as Dr. J. Henthorn Todd, of Dublin, and Mr. 
 Sewell, Warden of Eadley, preached there. AH the 
 curates were thorough churchmen ; Andrew Nugee was 
 one of the most earnest and amiable of these ; he took 
 the family living of Wymering, in Hampshire, and 
 married the daughter of Mr. Eichards, Vicar of Far- 
 lington, a well-known country parson of the Keble 
 School, whose parish was quite a model. Mr. Eichards 
 wrote telling of his death at Clifton : " He feU asleep 
 on Christmas Day (1858), which may truly be said to 
 have risen with healing in its wings to him; in his 
 bitter sufferings he was always striving to overcome 
 all impatience ; he desired affectionate remembrances 
 to all his friends, old and new, and I am sure he meant 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 43 
 
 you amongst others, but was too ill to specify ; he will 
 be buried at Wymering." For years, his widow was 
 well known as a bright and earnest churchwoman in a 
 large town on the south coast. His brother George, 
 now also called to his rest, author of Words from the, 
 Cross, Holy Women of the Gospel, etc., then held the 
 family living for some years ; after a very distinguished 
 course at Cambridge he had become curate to Mr. Ben- 
 nett at St. Paul's, Knightsbridge, and went thence to 
 "Wymering. He was well known for his mission work 
 in South London. 
 
 There was never more than a most moderate ritual 
 at the parish church of St. Anne ; indeed, I think the 
 altar remained as it was, never raised or enlarged or 
 ornamented, and in the course of years the church 
 became chiefly known for grand and elaborate musical 
 services and the performance of special sacred music ; 
 but from the date of Mr. Wade's appointment, fol- 
 lowing upon former good teaching, several excellent 
 works, fruits of the Church Movement, were begun and 
 carried on in this parish ; and as this is not supposed to 
 be a strictly chronological record, it may be well to tell 
 about them here : these were the House of Charity, 
 Eose Street, Soho, opposite the old Charity Schools ; 
 the Church of St. Mary-the- Virgin, Crown Street ; and 
 Newport Market Eefuge. The House of Charity was 
 opened in January, 1847, and was well supported and 
 set on foot by some of those best known for good work 
 
44 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 in the church — the Vicar of St. Anne's, Dr. Monro, Dr. 
 Brett, Earl Nelson, Mr. Eoundell Palmer, Dr. Ogle, 
 the Eev. F. H. Murray, Mrs. Gladstone, Mr. Haddan, 
 of Exeter College ; Mr. Algernon Bathurst, of New 
 CoUege, grandson of a Bishop of Norwich ; and many 
 others. It supplied a want that no other institution 
 met. Distressed persons were received on special 
 and trusty recommendations ; in-patients discharged 
 from hospitals, and out-patients unable to do full work ; 
 to such it gave shelter, food, quiet, and rest. Persons 
 dependent on those who, by accident or sudden illness, 
 had been taken into hospitals ; persons who, by no fault 
 of their own, such as by tire, bankruptcy, or death 
 of an employer, were thrown out of work ; those 
 coming to London in search of friends or employment ; 
 those, especially women, whose health required a short 
 respite from laborious work ; persons with no friends in 
 London, waiting for means and opportunity to emigrate ; 
 and others whom it was desired to help towards re- 
 covering a position which they had lost through miscon- 
 duct. In many other ways this house was and is of help. 
 "Who can tell the blessing of a kind welcome, rest and 
 care to a young girl, even for one night only, on her 
 way to a distant part ; what a real act of charity this 
 was, what safety ; and what misery it may have pre- 
 vented ! The council of the House of Charity had in 
 it the names of many of the best and noblest, and it 
 still goes on its useful way. It had its early struggles. 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 45 
 
 The wardenship was an office held by some clergy of 
 repute and standing, and even of renown. In addition 
 to the work of their own chapel in the house, they 
 assisted at times in St. Anne's and St. Mary's, Crown 
 Street. I will name some of them, not in any special 
 order : A. J. Butler, W. F. Norris, J. Cosby White, for 
 years Vicar of St. Barnabas, Pimlico, the kind and ever- 
 helpful priest and gentleman, who, after many years of 
 hard parish work, retired to the lovely home, the War- 
 den's Lodge, Newlands, amid the fine scenery of Mal- 
 vern, with which foundation the memory of Earl 
 Beauchamp still lives in our hearts ; H. A. Eawes, 
 formerly curate of St. Botolph, Aldgate, and of St. 
 Bartholomew's, Moor Lane, who seceded to Eome and 
 became a popular preacher at the Pro-Cathedral, Ken- 
 sington. Two of the wardens deserve more than a 
 passing notice. 
 
 At some of the services at St. Mary's, Crown Street, 
 about 1852-3, you might have heard a set of short ser- 
 mons on the Psalms ; the preacher, quite young, tall, 
 dark, but pleasant and kindly looking, his sermon could 
 not but impress you — so clear and quiet, yet earnest — 
 and you felt that many who heard him might share in 
 his own deep, practical love to God, and all that tended 
 to His praise and glory. This young man was W. G-. 
 Tupper, warden of the House of Charity, Soho, a 
 worthy son of the Church Movement. The story of 
 his short life is soon told. He was for a few years 
 
46 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 curate to Mr. Harness, of All Saints, Knightsbridge, 
 and was a younger brother of the poet, Martin F. 
 Tupper, who in 1856 published a short memoir of him 
 under the title of Out and Rome. This memoir con- 
 tained his journal, three sermons preached at sea, and a 
 few poems. It was a small memorial of a life which, 
 as we well know, and his brother tells us, combined 
 the strictest self-denial with the sweetest cheerfulness ; 
 a short life spent in secret good doing ; the tongue of 
 gentleness, the heart of love, the mind of sympathy and 
 wisdom — indeed, a character of surpassing beauty, 
 wedded to no common powers of intellect. It was his 
 own request that several packets of his manuscript 
 should be burnt unread, and so all were thankful for 
 the short glimpse this volume gave of a character at 
 once beautiful and of great simplicity. A testimony 
 to his value as one where sympathy and wisdom could 
 be relied on to the utmost is on record : A parish 
 priest of many years' standing, himself a wise and 
 learned man (Dr. Irons, Vicar of Brompton), was 
 known to declare that among all the intricate ques- 
 tions on moral, religious, or social difficulties which 
 occur to a clergyman in his parish, he at any time 
 felt entire confidence in leaving the most perplexing 
 to the decision of Mr. Tupper, although his junior by 
 many years in parish toil and experience. 
 
 The biography was well and fairly written, though it 
 will not surprise us to know that the author of Pro- 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 47 
 
 verhial Philosophy had little intimate knowledge of his 
 brother, as he freely acknowledges thus : " For myself, 
 the solicited editor of these pages, let me confess to a 
 great personal difficulty in the matter; friends are 
 oftentimes more intimately known to one another than 
 those who are nearest of kin — an expression which I 
 almost involuntarily gave utterance to soon after hear- 
 ing of William's death — is but the simple truth, and 
 as heart speaks to heart in these matters, I will even 
 set it here : — 
 
 " Alas, how little have I known thee, brother ; 
 How lightly prized the riches of thy worth ; 
 How seldom sought thee out to cherish thee 
 And sun my spirit in thy light of love ! 
 How have I let the world and all its ways. 
 Absence and distance, cares and interest. 
 The many poor excuses that we make 
 For lax communion with a brother's heart ; 
 How have I stood aside and left such tares 
 To grow up rank, and choke the precious seed 1 
 How have I let such fogbanks of reserve, 
 Such idle clouds of undesigned neglect, 
 Hide from my spirit thy most lovely light ! " 
 
 William George Tupper was tlie youngest son of the 
 late Martin Tupper, of New Burlington Street ; born in 
 1824 ; educated at Winchester, and scholar of Trinity 
 College, Oxford ; was ordained deacon at St. Paul's 
 Cathedral in June, 1849, and priest in the Chapel 
 Eoyal, St. James's, in 1850, and very soon became 
 warden of the House of Charity, where he devoted his 
 means and remaining energies to the service of God and 
 
48 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 the poor. The sea voyage recorded in this book was 
 urged on him by his friends and physicians. He 
 started in August, 1853 ; visited the West Indies, 
 Cape Town, the Mauritius, Ceylon, Bombay, Cairo, 
 etc. ; he died in his thirtieth year, at sea, in May, 1854, 
 soon after leaving Malta on his way home, and was 
 buried at sea ; it was a privilege even to slightly know 
 him: and who shall measure the influence of such a 
 character ? 
 
 The other warden who combined the incumbency of 
 St. Mary's, Crown Street, with the wardenship, was 
 the Eev. J. C. Chambers ; it was an excellent work of 
 Mr. Wade and his friends to purchase the old Baptist 
 Chapel that in 1850 stood on the west side of Crown 
 Street, with a frontage to the street and a court of 
 densely-crowded small houses round ; those who only 
 know Charing Cross Koad and Shaftesbury Avenue and 
 the several wide thoroughfares about, cannot imagine 
 the change since the days of which I write. Many of 
 the courts right and left of Crown Street were not very 
 safe, even for the clergy and district visitors ; one wiibh 
 the distinguished name of " Falconberg Court " could 
 scarcely be invaded without a policeman. When the 
 Baptists were about to give up the chapel, and there 
 was a chance that it might be made into a music-hall 
 or dancing-room, the Eector of St. Anne's and his 
 friends came forward and bought it, and it became a 
 church where much good work was done. But it had a 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 49 
 
 history, and a curious one : it was originally an old 
 Greek church, founded in 1677, under a metropolifcau 
 of Samos, who had been driven out by the Turks ; the 
 Greek service continued till 1683, and was then given 
 up for want of funds. In 1684 it was leased to French 
 Protestants, and used by them till 1822, when the 
 Baptists had it till 1849. Under Mr. Philip C. Hard- 
 wick, the architect, himself an active churchman, the 
 inside was remodelled, and made fit for the service of 
 the Church of England ; he himself carried the large 
 iron cross up the body of the church on the way to the 
 scaffold to fix it on the roof. With a handsome altar, 
 choir stalls, pulpit, lectern, etc., it made quite an im- 
 pressive building, and its old friends certainly would 
 not have known it, though one of the old Baptist 
 women did sometimes find her way into the church, 
 explaining that she could hear the Lessons, and they 
 Avere sure to be all right. The church was consecrated 
 as a chapel of ease to St. Anne's, on St. Peter's Day, 
 1850, with bright stirring services, and a ritual that 
 was much more advanced than that of the parish 
 church ; and no doubt it was felt that in an old church, 
 one of the largest churches of London, ranking with 
 St. Martin, St. Giles, St. James, St. George, Hanover 
 Square, etc., with their proper old-fashioned congrega- 
 tions, an advanced ritual might not be then advisable. 
 The choir (now in cassocks and surplices) worked well, 
 and attained a fair proficiency. They were kindly 
 
 4 
 
50 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 assisted in their training by Mr. Helmore and Mr. 
 Eedhead ; the latter, when practising the hymn-tunes, 
 which they sang with much vigour, especially " Inno- 
 cents," which was then new to them, advised them to 
 beware of merely pretty tunes. An octave of services 
 was kept, and many of the great Church preachers of 
 the day came. On one of the days, at evensong, as the 
 choir were robing, there came an alarm of fire : an old 
 woman's bed curtains had caught fire in the court just 
 opposite the vestry door ; four or five of the choir soon 
 had their surplices off, and tore down the curtains and 
 put out the fire ; the old woman had a talking starling 
 for whose safety she seemed much more anxious than 
 her own. The first incumbent was the Eev. Walter 
 Blunt, a genial, bright, and most courteous man, the 
 author of several works on the new Church lines, on 
 ecclesiastical restoration and reform. Church rates, 
 parish ofiicers, education. Church bells, etc. He did 
 not remain long, and afterwards married a Kentish 
 lady, and held the vicarage of Bicknor. He was suc- 
 ceeded by the Eev. Archer Gurney, who was slightly 
 lame ; a man of unusual power and talent as a divine 
 and a poet, though not, perhaps, quite at home in such 
 a district and among such parishioners. He preached 
 well, and with great energy, and it used to be said that 
 his reading of the Lessons was quite dramatic. During 
 his four years, 1851 to 1854, both he and his mother 
 were devoted to the work ; it was in his time that Mr. 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 51 
 
 Tupper preached, and at times Frederick Denison 
 Maurice, then in London, and full of his plans of 
 Christian Socialism to get a hold on the working men ; 
 his refined ascetic face and his sharp telling serrnons 
 were familiar to us. Mr. Gurney held several posts of 
 work, the most important being the chaplaincy to the 
 Court Chapel, Paris, from 1858 to 1871 : his last place 
 of residence was Oxford, and he died at Bath in 1887. 
 He was a very voluminous author, and many of his 
 works were popular : Songs of Faith and Cheer, Songs 
 of the Present, Songs of Early Summer, Sermons in 
 French -preached in Paris, Parables and Meditations for 
 Sundays and Bolydays, several hymns in Mr. Shipley's 
 I/yra Eucharistica, and the well-known carol Gome ye 
 lofty, come ye lovjly. He wrote special hymns for the 
 Dedication Feast at St. Mary's. He also took part in 
 the controversies of the day, and wrote for many of the 
 best reviews. 
 
 The next vicar was a curate of St. Anne's, the Eev. 
 Walter B. Atkins, M.A., of Trinity College, Dublin, 
 one in every way worthy to be named with his con- 
 temporary and friend, the great Irish professor and 
 theologian. Archer Butler. At St. Anne's and at St. 
 Mary's he endeared himself to all, and worked on, 
 spending himself in his Master's service, in this, one of 
 the most densely crowded and unhealthy districts of 
 all London. There, with daily prayers, frequent Com- 
 munion and constant preaching, he continued till 1856, 
 
52 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 when failing health compelled him to exchange with 
 Mr. Chamhers to the quiet country vicarage of St. Mary- 
 Magdalen, Harlow, Essex, now much enlarged and 
 beautified under the present vicar, Mr. Elwell. Though 
 Mr. Atkins was a scholar and theologian, all the details 
 of his office at St. Mary's were duly attended to, and 
 he was much valued by all who knew him. In all 
 matters his advice and sound judgment were to be 
 thoroughly relied on, and clear and orthodox views of 
 Church principles were set before the inquirer with an 
 ever cheerful and unruffled temper. He wrote several 
 theological essays ; and a small volume on the Eternal 
 SonsMp of Christ ; the Resurrection, and the Kingdom of 
 Heaven, was published in 1859, forming a memorial of 
 this quiet Christian priest, and with some the recollec- 
 tion of his earnest and holy life will be more than a 
 memory. He died at Brighton, and was buried there ; 
 during his short stay he preached at St. Paul's Church, 
 West Street. 
 
 Then came a bright and stirring time under the Eev. 
 J. C. Chambers, who brought with him all the energy 
 and strength gathered in his labour of founding and 
 working St. Ninian's Cathedral, Perth. He worked 
 hard for this parish of St. Mary's, and the House of 
 Charity, of which he was warden, both grew and 
 prospered under his powers of organisation. The House 
 of Charity attained the new premises in Soho Square, 
 and made great progress in its most useful work. At 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 53 
 
 the anniversary in 1859 Mr. Chambers' address was a 
 perfect model of what such an appeal should be,— 
 thoroughly to the point and eminently practical. 
 Under him St. Mary's became a vicarage with a 
 decent income ; new schools, taking nearly 1000 chil- 
 dren, clergy house, ragged schools. Church guilds, 
 dinners for the sick and invalids, etc. A handsome 
 chancel, 34 ft. long, and 60 ft. high, was built on to 
 the old nave, the foundation-stone being laid by Canon 
 Liddon in 18*70. For eighteen years this most ener- 
 getic parish priest laboured in every way, dealing with 
 men and women and caring for their souls. He was 
 one who spoke out, did not say smooth things, or deal 
 otherwise than skilfully and firmly. He published a 
 large volume of fifty-two sermons, and a small volume 
 of sermons edited by Mr. Elkington, his curate and suc- 
 cessor in the House of Charity. Mr. Chambers died in 
 1874. A thoroughly loyal English Churchman, he 
 printed several valuable pamphlets on our position as 
 to the Church of Eome, one especially on St. Gregory 
 the Great. 
 
 One interesting incident of the work at St. Mary's 
 may be named ; it was in 1850, its first year, when 
 many friends there took a last farewell of William 
 Fredk. Taylor, who was ordained deacon and priest in 
 three months, and started for the Island of Tristan 
 d'Acunha, in the South Atlantic Ocean, 1500 miles 
 from the Cape and the same from St. Helena. There 
 
54 RECOLLECTIONS OF OXFORD MOVEMENT. 
 
 he worked bravely on for his little flock for six years, 
 being priest and choirmaster and schoolmaster, training 
 children for the service who had never heard a note of 
 music in their lives, their only Hymnal the New Ver- 
 sion bound in the Prayer-book, and a card of Hymns 
 printed for them in Crown Street, by Mr. Blunt. Mr. 
 Taylor's first Church teaching was from Mr. Dodsworth 
 at Christ Church, Albany Street. A visit to the Eev. H. 
 Moody, at Gilston Eectory, near Harlow, had resulted in 
 his becoming a student for mission work. When they 
 outgrew the resources of the island, the bishop sent a 
 vessel to bring nearly all to the Cape, where Mr. Taylor 
 is working still, being Rector of Mossel Bay, a parish 
 of 200 square mUes, where he has a record of thirty-six 
 years' work in Africa, two churches, and three out 
 stations, where the communicants have steadily in- 
 creased in number, and the Church's work makes good 
 way. Many clergy and laity at St. Mary's were deeply 
 interested in him and his work, his missionary spirit 
 having no doubt been stirred up by the devotion of 
 such friends as Chas. Middleton MacLeod, perpetual 
 curate of St. John Baptist, Harlow, and son of the old 
 Eector of St. Anne's, lately mentioned. It is needful 
 to record that Dr. Littledale was a constant and much 
 valued visitor and preacher in the Church of St. Mary, 
 Crown Street. 
 
CHAPTEE III. 
 
 I HAVE hinted at the enthusiaam which was aroused in 
 many hearts by the works of Dr. Neaie, Mr. Paget, Mr. 
 G-resley, Mr. Heygate, and others ; this showed itself 
 in an interest wherever Church matters could be ad- 
 vanced and improved, and many valuable suggestions 
 were made which, though but little noticed at the 
 time, were not altogether without effect. One rather 
 singular instance is worth recording, the result of a 
 visit to Dover by a young Churchman in 1842, about 
 the time when Mr. Glover was Vicar of Charlton-in- 
 Dover, and drove out in his gig to take his daily ser- 
 vice there ; rather eccentric, and devoted to some scien- 
 tific pursuits, such as the building of a sea-wall, etc. 
 He was a staunch Churchman, and much improved the 
 service at Charlton; he also wrote in defence of the 
 Ancient British Church and the succession of Bishops. 
 This was the letter that the young Churchman wrote, 
 after his first visit to Dover ; it appeared in the Times 
 of November 8, 1842 :— 
 
 " The Army. 
 
 " Sir, — Your important articles on the moral and re- 
 (55) 
 
56 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 ligious provision for the Army recall to my mind the 
 manner in which we of this day so often neglect great 
 opportunities ; you remind us that the barracks, dock- 
 yards and fortifications round our coast are almost 
 equally destitute of this most important provision. On 
 a recent visit to Dover Castle I was much struck with 
 the substantia] appearance of the old Roman or Saxon 
 Church within the walls. It seems as if at no very great 
 expense a roof might be thrown over, it might be paved 
 and fitted up, and 500 of the garrison, their wives and 
 children, might worship within the same consecrated 
 walls where their forefathers did eight or nine cen- 
 turies ago. The interior is still very beautiful and 
 most substantial. Would it be any less interesting to 
 the antiquary if, instead of being used as a storehouse 
 for coals, and shown to visitors on payment of six- 
 pence, its doors were open for prayer and praise, and 
 the bell of the old church once again rang over the 
 beautiful hills of Kent, with which county our religious 
 associations are so forcibly linked ? In the earnest 
 hope of much abler and worthier advocates of such a 
 cause I venture to make this humble suggestion. 
 
 " Your obedient servant, W. Gr." 
 
 I only quote this as an instance of the spirit aroused 
 by such works as Bernard Leslie, Warden of Berhing- 
 holt, St. Antholin's, The Forest of Jrden, Coniston Hall, 
 Tales of the Village, etc., etc. The remarkable part 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 57 
 
 is that teu years, twenty years, passed, and in 1860-62 
 that old church was restored by a grant from Parlia- 
 ment, under the direction of Sir Gilbert Scott ; re-dedi- 
 cated, June 22, 1862. The restoration thus begun was 
 continued during 1888-90 by Mr. Butterfield, com- 
 pleting the tower, nave windows, sanctuary, approach 
 to the altar, altar piece, seats, desks, floors, pavements ; 
 and the walls were covered with mosaics ; thus the old 
 church was once more made a beautiful house worthy 
 of its sacred use. 
 
 The mention of Dover would hardly be complete 
 without naming the Vicar of St. Mary's, Mr. Puckle, 
 and his long and earnest labours on the lines of the new 
 movement, with regret that failing health obliged him 
 to resign, and that he so soon passed away. 
 
 Talking of this corner of Kent, the only place where 
 much stirring Church work was then being done, was 
 Eamsgate, at the Parish Church of St. George, and the 
 chapel of ease. Mr. Harvey was the vicar, and many 
 of his curates were excellent workers and writers, and 
 among them Shirley Woolmer, W. J. Jenkins, C. C. 
 Snowden, S. B. Harper ; I think Mr. Whitehead was 
 then working there. Though there was but little 
 attempt at litual, there were frequent services, much 
 reverence, and bright and stirring preaching. Many 
 visitors at Margate walked or rode over to these ser- 
 vices, and were thankful for them. In this county 
 three Canterbury churches were forward — Folkestone, 
 
58 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 St. Andrew's, Deal, and Walmer; also, later on, St. 
 Peter's, Broadstairs, and Margate joined in the work. 
 
 Speaking of bright and earnest preaching reminds 
 us how much the early part of the Church Movement 
 was distinguished in this way, and it is hardly possible 
 to over-rate its value and influence. One great help in 
 this especial line was the publication in 1839 of the ten 
 volumes of Plain Sermons hy the Contributors to the 
 Tracts for the Times, by Newman, Pusey, J. and T. 
 Keble, Isaac Williams, and Copeland. Mr. Isaac 
 Williams was the chief mover in that series, and the 
 object was a most wise one. These sermons placed 
 the chief truths then being put forward with such 
 energy by the great writers, in a plain, simple, and 
 restful way, giving a more practical turn to the move- 
 ment ; they were like the ballast to the brilliancy of 
 Mr. Newman and others. What a boon these sermons 
 must have been to hard-working parish priests who 
 certainly could not secure the leisure to write more 
 than one good sermon a week ! Mr. Keble mentions a 
 saying of Justice Coleridge, before the Tracts were 
 thought of : " If you want to propagate your opinions 
 you should lend your sermons, the clergy would then 
 preach them, and adopt your opinions " ; and this has 
 really been the effect of the publication of the Plain 
 and other Sermons. It seems a pity that the price of 
 the volumes was so high. Dr. Irons, in his Sermons 
 for the People, adopted an excellent plan ; each sermon 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 59 
 
 was one penny, eight pages of print, and could be taken 
 out of the volume and easily used in the pulpit. 
 
 , This practice of lending sermons was no doubt fre- 
 quently adopted, but in some cases led to rather unex- 
 pected results, as when a memoir was published and a 
 few sermons were printed at the end, and one or two of 
 the sermons turned out not to be by the clergyman 
 whose memoir had been written. This rather alarmed 
 some worthy men, and they no doubt gave special 
 instructions as to any MSS. they might leave behind 
 them. A rather good story came in early days from 
 the north-west of London on this subject. Mr. Faulk- 
 ner began work in an iron church in Hampstead, just 
 off the Finchley Eoad, and got together a congregation 
 on Church lines, and it is with regret we remember his 
 early death. One Sunday morning he preached a ser-' 
 mon to which one of his congregation took exception, 
 and wrote to the bishop (Blomfield) to complain. The 
 bishop wrote a kind note to Mr. Faulkner, suggesting 
 that it might be as well that he should see the sermon. 
 Mr. Faulkner sent it to the bishop, at the same time 
 telling him that it was not his own, but was lent to 
 him by a friend, a clergyman in the north of London. 
 In due course the bishop returned the sermon, thanking 
 Mr. Faulkner for allowing him to see it. He had read 
 it with pleasure, and only wished he (the bishop) could 
 write one half as good. I may mention that Mr. 
 Faulkner's friend not only wrote admirable sermons. 
 
6o RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 but wrote them in a singularly clear and print-like 
 handwriting. 
 
 In the north-west of London Mr. Fletcher, of St. 
 Saviour's, Haverstock Hill, and his excellent curate Mr. 
 J. C. Hose, were also doing good solid work, and Mr. 
 Baines, Chaplain to the Tailors' Almshouses, Haver- 
 stock Hni, Lecturer on History in Queen's College, 
 London, afterwards Vicar of Little Marlow, was work- 
 ing with much influence both as preacher and writer ; 
 for years he kept up daily prayers and weekly Com- 
 munion. His Life of Archbishop Laud, Sermons, Tales 
 of the Unvpire, and many contributions to the Ecclesias- 
 tic, place him in the rank of a very able scholar and 
 writer of the Church Movement. Mr. Cutts, the vicar 
 of a church close by, was for years a most zealous worker 
 on the same lines, and still writes many excellent books. 
 
 One of the earliest notes of the practical results of 
 the Church Movement was the establishment of daily 
 service; very remarkable was the rapid increase of 
 this revival of old custom, and happily the daily 
 service was seldom without the other great essential, 
 the "Weekly Communion". So in 1849 the first 
 edition of a small sixpenny book was issued, called 
 Masters's Guide to the Churches where the Daily Prayers 
 are said in England, Wales, Scotland, and Ireland ; and 
 in 1857 the twenty-second edition was published. 
 Part of the preface to this little work is worth re- 
 peating. 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 6i 
 
 " To travellers, this Guide may be of use, by enabling 
 them so to arrange their journeys and to choose their 
 resting-places, as to be able to avail themselves of the 
 prayers of the Church. The parish priest manfully 
 standing alone in the practice of daily service in the 
 midst of passive carelessness, or active opposition, will 
 be encouraged to find how many of his brethren per- 
 severe in the same holy duty, and will be more especially 
 interested in those cases where the hours of prayer are 
 the same as his own. 
 
 " And is it too much to hope that more may be 
 stirred up to follow the many good examples here set 
 before them 1 The churches where Holy Communion 
 is celebrated weekly have here been marked with a f." 
 
 In this edition over 500 churches were entered, 60 in 
 London and the neighbourhood, and 122 where there 
 was a weekly celebration of the Holy Communion. The 
 latest edition was the thirty-seventh, 1869, with a 
 map of the London churches contained in the list. In 
 this edition the number of country churches with daily 
 service was 1004, and in 556 of these there was weekly 
 Communion. In London there were 139 churches, and 
 of these 115 had weekly Communion. 
 
 It is not difficult to imagine what the influence and 
 teaching year by year of these 1140 churches was, and 
 how it affected the younger members of the Church ; 
 how they were attracted not only by the beauty, rever- 
 ence, and order, but by the depth and reality ; the 
 
62 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 increased earnestness in every good work, the care of 
 the sick and poor, and the instruction and catechising 
 of the young ; the higher value set on Holy Com- 
 munion, Holy Baptism, and Confirmation. Many of 
 these churches were models and working centres of the 
 new movement, influencing thousands besides those 
 immediately connected with them. Such churches as 
 St. Paul's, Knightsbridge ; St. Barnabas, Pimlico ; All 
 Saints, Margaret Street ; St. Alban's, Holborn ; St. An- 
 drew's, Wells Street; St. Matthew's, City Eoad ; St. 
 Bartholomew's, Moor Lane ; St. Mary Magdalen's, 
 ilunster Square ; St. Mary Magdalen's, Paddington ; 
 St. Augustine's, Kilburn ; St. Matthias, Stoke ISTewing- 
 ton; St. Peter's, Vauxhall, and St. Philip's, Clerken- 
 well — were all such special centres of work. 
 
 It is sad to remember that in many quarters the 
 simple fact of daily service and weekly Communion 
 was then looked upon with dislike and suspicion. This 
 was really the case with some so-called Evangelicals of 
 this time, the second or third generation of those who 
 had been governed by the influence of teachers like 
 Hervey, Eomaine, Cecil, Venn, Fletcher, Scott, etc. 
 How clearly lias this school been described by Dean 
 Church : " It shrank in its fear of mere moralising, in 
 its horror of the idea of merit or of the value of good 
 works, from coming into contact with the manifold 
 realities of the spirit of man — it had nothing to say to 
 the long and varied process of building up the new life 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 63 
 
 of truth and goodness ; it was nervously afraid of 
 departing from the consecrated phrases of its school, 
 and in the perpetual iteration of them it lost hold of 
 the meaning they may once have had ; claiming to be 
 exclusively spiritual, fervent, unworldly, it had come, 
 in fact, to be on very easy terms with the world". A 
 remarkable testimony to Dean Church's judgment will 
 occur to those who remember that through all the 
 years of the Tractarian controversy, it was an un- 
 doubted fact that when the most secular and worldly 
 newspapers, such as the Weekly Dispatch, the Sunday 
 Observer, and the Morning Advertiser, the organ of the 
 licensed victuallers, took note of the religious events 
 of the day, they always atid invariably took the side 
 of the Evangelical or Low Church party ; through the 
 Liddell controversy, the St. George's Eiots, this was 
 always the case. 
 
 The chief stronghold of this phase of religion at 
 this time was undoubtedly the parish of Islington, one 
 of the largest parishes in London, with its 100,000 
 inhabitants, its many district churches (ten built up to 
 1856, during the incumbency of Mr. Daniel Wilson, 
 the successor of Bishop Wilson, of Calcutta), all closely 
 kept under the patronage of the vicar and special trus- 
 tees ; it seemed like an impregnable fortress of Puri- 
 tanism ; and although the surrounding districts of Stoke 
 Newington, Highbury, Haggerston, and Clerkenwell, 
 were now alive to, and stirring in the new and revived 
 
64 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 work of the Church Movement, yet there was no getting 
 into the magic circle of that parish boundary. 
 
 The story of an attempt to do so will be instructive. 
 In 1856 the Vicar of Islington estimated that there were 
 30,000 persons in his vast parish, for whose spiritual 
 instruction no place was found either in churches or 
 chapels, and appealed for help to build more churches. 
 Some dwellers in Islington were also being influenced 
 by the writings of the Tractarians, and they could not 
 but see for themselves that in all the churches of Is- 
 lington, nine-tenths of the Prayer-book was a dead 
 letter ; that the plainest injunctions for daily service, 
 weekly Communion, the observance of saints' days, fast 
 days, eves, vigils, catechising, private offices, etc., were 
 entirely ignored ; that, while those who acted up to, or 
 seemed to go beyond, what the Islington clergy con- 
 sidered the order of the Church, were denounced in no 
 measured language, they themselves entirely omitted 
 just as much as they pleased and ignored the 
 plainest directions. So it came to pass that in 1865 a 
 gentleman residing in Canonbury Park, in reply to the 
 vicar's appeal, offered to build and endow a church 
 where daily service might be performed, such as men 
 could join in before proceeding to their city business, 
 to build the parsonage and endow the church, also to 
 build schools if the district required them, upon condition 
 that an agreement satisfactory to him could be made 
 with regard to the patronage. He wished for no per- 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 65 
 
 sonal patronage; but he was not content to spend £8000 
 or iS10,000 to enrich the Vicar of Islington, augment 
 the market value of his advowson, and to increase 
 his already enormous patronage. This offer was de- 
 clined by Mr. Daniel Wilson, although the daily ser- 
 vice and the patronage were the only two stipulations, 
 on the ground that " the proposal emanated from one 
 identified with the Eomanising movement in our 
 Church, associated with a congregation whose minister 
 not long since joined the Church of Eome. I cannot 
 doubt but that the present is an attempt to introduce 
 into the parish such a system as is pursued at St. Barna- 
 bas, Pimlico, or St. Paul's, Brighton — on this ground I 
 have, in concurrence with all the incumbents of the 
 parish, rejected the offer; we feel bound to protest 
 against the movement and boldly to maintain those 
 Protestant and Evangelical principles which are the 
 glory of our reformed Church." In his final reply the 
 gentleman certainly told the Vicar of Islington some 
 home truths. I add a few of them : — 
 
 1. That it was a want of good feeling and Christian 
 courtesy not to have sent a copy of his circular declin- 
 ing the offer to the parishioner who made the offer, and 
 the person chiefly referred to. 
 
 2. That he and his friends simply wanted a church 
 for themselves and their children, through the public 
 services of which they might enjoy the privileges and 
 blessings of the reformed Church of England. 
 
66 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 3. That the stipulation as to patronage was made 
 because there were parishes where the daily service 
 and other long-established privileges had been arbi- 
 trarily put down by new incumbents of his school 
 without regard to the feelings and consciences of many 
 parishioners. 
 
 4. That any generous mind, unwarped by party 
 spirit, would give a voice to those who erect churches 
 and liberally support them, in the disposal of that 
 which they munificently provide. 
 
 5. That the Church of England prescribes daily ser- 
 vice, but the vicar and incumbents of Islington proscribe 
 it from their churches. 
 
 6. That when the offer was made the proposer was 
 identified with an Islington incumbent, and was one of 
 the committee for St. Paul's and St. Jude's Schools ; but 
 that hearing the outcry in Islington against St. Mat- 
 thias, he was led to go and see for himself : that he 
 found there what he and others had long felt the want 
 of in the cold services of the Islington churches — found 
 how the Church of England would have her children 
 taught to worship God in the beauty of holiness, with 
 more of God's word and less of man's talk in the ser- 
 mons, and no harsh judgments or uncharitable censures 
 on either their fellow-Churchmen or others. 
 
 7. That the Vicar of Islington had no more right to 
 charge a member of St. Matthias with Komanising than 
 the latter had to call the vicar a- Dissenter because he 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 67 
 
 was a friend of the Hon. and Eev. Baptist Noel ; or a 
 Socinian because he fraternised with the Swiss clergy, 
 some of whom have denied the Divine Nature of the 
 Son of G-od. 
 
 8. That the largest Dissenting Chapel in all London 
 was shortly to be built in Islington, and that two 
 Eoman missions are now there. 
 
 9. That the Weekly Register in July of 1865 said : 
 " There is no diminution of converts, but they have 
 recently come, not so much from the rank of Tractarians 
 as from the Low Church or even Presbyterian School ". 
 
 10. That Islington is the family living of the Wilson 
 family, purchased at Garraway's Coffee House ; that 
 the then vicar had kept under his own control the 
 nomination to the ten churches which the inhabitants 
 so liberally enabled him to build. 
 
 The vicar and the layman have long since gone to their 
 rest, but the story is characteristic of those times. The 
 effect of the bitter denunciation of the Oxford School 
 by the Islington clergy was not always what they 
 desired. In Dr. Liddon's short memoir of the saintly 
 Bishop of Salisbury (Hamilton), we read of the result 
 in his case, how he felt the contrast between the denun- 
 ciations at Islington, and the quiet, holy. Christian 
 lives of the men who represented the movement, and 
 became a High Churchman. 
 
 There were not so many daily services available just 
 then in and about London ; a special one was a late 
 
68 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 daily evensong at half-past eight, at All Souls, Lang- 
 ham Place, when Dr. Chandler, afterwards Dean of 
 Chichester, was rector. This was one of the earliest 
 attempts to improve the choral parts of the Prayer- 
 book Service. Mr. Ingram, a bright and talented 
 musician, had been brought from the country, and for 
 this service there was an harmonium at the west end 
 of the centre aisle. Mr. Ingram lived and worked as a 
 Church musician for some years in London, publishing 
 and editing, on the lines of the ancient Church nmsic, 
 chants, canticles, anthems, etc. Some will remember 
 Dr. Chandler's never-varying kindness and care in his 
 pastoral duties; and the daughter churches of All Saints, 
 Margaret Street, and St. Andrew's, Wells Street, were 
 not a little indebted to his courage and care. His curates, 
 too, Mr. Fallow, Mr. Wollaston, afterwards Vicar of 
 Felpham and Canon of Chichester, Mr. Murray, and 
 others, should not be left out of the record. When Dr. 
 Chandler became Dean of Chichester, he devoted him- 
 self to the work and care of his Cathedral, and was but 
 little heard of out of his Deanery ; the great west win- 
 dow was a tribute of respect to him from his parishioners 
 of All Souls. But for him the beautiful Sussex marble 
 pillars might have remained longer under their endless 
 coats of whitewash, the nave filled with its tall un- 
 sightly pews, the old monuments and pavements have 
 gone into more ruinous decay. He put up a beautiful 
 stained-glass window to the memory of his sister. His 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 69 
 
 care extended to every part of his charge : the choris- 
 ters, the lay vicars, the organ, the outside of the 
 Cathedral, the east end, the roofs and the churchyard, 
 all were under his fostering care, supported by the city 
 and diocese, and all the Chapter ; the city, its churches 
 and institutions, too, were remembered by him. He 
 died in 1859, and his funeral was attended with every 
 mark of respect and affection. He left i;2000 in trust 
 to be applied towards the decoration of the Cathedral, 
 or the aiding of the Theological College. Few names 
 were more revered among the early practical workers 
 in the revival of the Church principles. He was a 
 son of the Eev. John Chandler, of Witley, Surrey ; was 
 educated at Winchester, and became a Fellow of New 
 College, Oxford ; was Bampton Lecturer in 1825, and 
 was for some years tutor to the Duke of Buccleuch. 
 In worth and heartiness,, though not in scholarship, his 
 name may rank with those of Dr. Mill and Dr. Pea- 
 cock. It was a John Chandler, of "Witley, his brother, 
 who made the earliest translations of the old Latin 
 hymns under the title of The Hymns of the Church ; 
 though that work was out of print years ago, many of 
 the translations are familiar to us now, and are used in 
 all our best collections. 
 
 A little later, 1837,' Bishop Mant published his 
 translation of hymns from the Eoman Breviary, A 
 few words from his preface will tell us much of 
 how things even then were advancing, and how ah 
 
70 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 Irish bishop of that day could speak with no un- 
 certain tongue. 
 
 " To those who are acquainted with the history of 
 our Book of Common Prayer it is well known that our 
 excellent Eeformers, studious of goodness rather than 
 of novelty, constructed their provisions for the public 
 worship of the Church upon the foundation of previously 
 existing forms. Accordingly our Common Prayer- 
 book has derived a large portion of its contents from 
 the Breviary or Daily Service-book of the Eomish 
 Church, purified from corruption, reduced to the stan- 
 dard of Holy Scripture, as professed by the Catholic 
 Church of Christ. Together with its other voluminous 
 provisions, the Breviary contains a considerable num- 
 ber of hymns used in the regular course of its daily, 
 weekly, or occasional services, one of which, known by 
 the name of ' Veni Creator Spiritus,' has been adopted 
 by our Church in her ' Ordering of Priests ' and ' Con - 
 secration of Bishops'. 
 
 " Bishop Ken is related to have daily sung to his 
 lute his morning and evening hymns, which partake 
 much of the character of some of these hymns from 
 tlie Breviary. As a Winchester College boy. Ken must 
 have been familiar with the ' Jam lucis orto sidere,' 
 which was sung forty or fifty years ago, when I was 
 one of William of Wykeham's scholars, and I presume 
 still continues to be sung by the College boys." 
 
 Mr. Isaac Williams' translation of hymns from the 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 71 
 
 Parisian Breviary is worthy of mention with these 
 two volumes. 
 
 Westminster Abbey was then a great delight to aU 
 young Church-folk, and one special and additional 
 daily service was often attended even from a distance: 
 this was the 7'15 (7'45 winter) early-morning prayer, 
 chiefly established for the young men in the National 
 Society's Training College in Westminster. This ser- 
 vice was attended by many whose names were familiar 
 in the after-history of the Church Movement. Dr. 
 Hook was there whenever he was in town ; he was 
 then Vicar of Leeds, the apostle of the Church to the 
 great middle class, as Dean Church calls him ; Dr. 
 Wordsworth, Canon and afterwards Bishop of Lincoln ; 
 Dr.. Williamson, headmaster of Westminster School ; 
 Canon Jennings, Eector of St. John the Evangelist ; 
 Sir William Henry Cope, then Minor Canon ; Lord 
 John Thynne ; many laymen of the neighbourhood ; 
 Mr. Maude, Mr. and the Hon. Mrs. Talbot, father 
 and mother of the Member for the University of Ox- 
 ford, and the present Vicar of Leeds. The service, a 
 plain one, of course, was taken by the Rev. John Aubone 
 Cook, then curate to Dr. Milman, who held St. Mar- 
 garet's, Westminster, and was afterwards Dean of St. 
 Paul's. Pew would have seen anything remarkable 
 about Mr. Cook, and yet he was really one of those 
 whose life was a perfect specimen of the country parish 
 priest, by whom the principles of the Church Move- 
 
72 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 ment were set forth in life and conversation ; and it 
 was by the influence of such men that the revival grew 
 and increased as it did. I give a short sketch, taken 
 chiefly from Mr. Heygate's small biography, of him. 
 
 John Aubone Cook was of a good family, and was 
 brought up in France, and then at a school in Eng- 
 land, at Woolwich. In 1829, on the death of Col. 
 Cook, his father, Mr. Cook went to India ; but, not 
 finding the opening he wished for, returned. On the 
 voyage home the ship was dismasted, and all hope that 
 they should be saved was taken away. In the storm 
 he thought that if his life were preserved, it would be 
 a right act of gratitude to dedicate it to God in His 
 ministry. He entered Corpus Christi College, Cam- 
 bridge, and came out senior optime. He was or- 
 dained as curate to Dean Milman in 1838. He devoted 
 himself to theological study, and the bishop told him 
 that he had done himself the greatest credit in that. 
 He spent twelve years of unremitting toil as Curate of 
 St. Margaret's, and those who knew him there told of 
 his untiring industry, his tender compassion and steady 
 devotion ; " love " and " reverence " were the terms in 
 which those who knew him at Westminster spoke. On 
 one occasion at St. Margaret's, some Frenchmen entered 
 the church, and walked about admiring and criticising 
 with their hats on ; Mr. Cook electrified the offenders 
 by calling out in the very manner and accent in which 
 such a rebuke would have been given in their own 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 73 
 
 country : " It is a church, gentlemen ! it is a church ". 
 The hats were promptly removed. In the autumn of 
 1849 Mr. Cook was overdone by attending to those who 
 were sick of the cholera, and at that time he buried 
 fifty people in one week. Those who did not know 
 him could form no idea of his toil. Mr. Cook did not 
 meet those whom he buried for the first time at the 
 grave, and he did not visit in a hurried or negligent 
 manner ; his characteristic was his earnest, thorough 
 treatment of every subject ; he led a man to say and do 
 the right thing at the last, to withdraw the slander, to 
 restore the unrighteous gain. During the ten years 
 from 1840 that he was early reader at the Abbey, he 
 was never once late. He resided in London with his 
 widowed mother, and was a head to the family. 
 
 He was appointed in 1850 to the vicarage of South 
 Benfleet, in Essex, then out of the way of all men ; and 
 so Mr. Cook passed from the society of highly-educated 
 men to an entire solitude. This was the one great trial 
 of his life. In 1852 he was made rural dean ; in this 
 office he had long, weary walks, and fostered much 
 care of the holy edifices, vestments, and sacred furni- 
 ture. He never yielded to any irreverent custom such 
 as writing his entries on the altar, but uniformly re- 
 fused to do so. He never entered a church without 
 offering a short prayer. On one occasion, when look- 
 ing over a new church, he observed that there was no 
 place for washing the holy vessels after a celebration of 
 
74 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 the Sacrament. He received for reply, that such a provi- 
 sion was not sanctioned by the English Church. " How 
 do you show this ? " he said. " There is no order for it 
 in the rubrics," was answered. " Is there any for 
 washing the surplices ? " was the conclusive rejoin- 
 der. 
 
 A Mormonite was once preaching on the roadside at 
 Benfleet ; the vicar passed by, and when an oppor- 
 tunity offered, he said, " Will you allow me to ask you 
 one question 1 " 
 
 " Certainly," was the reply. 
 
 " Is it true or not that your chiefs at the Salt Lake 
 have many wives ? " 
 
 The preacher could not but allow it, and was justify- 
 ing it. Mr. Cook turned round and said, " Now, my 
 friends, you have heard that this man teaches a religion 
 which leads to a man having many wives ; do you wish 
 this for your daughters ? " 
 
 " No." 
 
 Mr. Cook went home and the people with him, and 
 the preacher was left by himself on a heap of stones. 
 
 As rural dean Mr. Cook had to examine and report 
 on the schools ; his love for children fitted him weU to 
 instruct them. At all school-feasts he was at home, 
 and never happier ; he has been seen to take the plate 
 of a child, and eat of its rice pudding, when it was in 
 trouble because it had been sentenced to finish the rice 
 or have nothing else. But some wonderful work was 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 75 
 
 in store for this poor vicar. In the summer of 1854 
 the railway was being constructed, and a number of 
 excavators and workmen lodged in Benfleet and 
 crowded its cottages. In that summer the cholera 
 visited England, and fell most heavily on this parish, 
 and there were no well-to-do residents to help in such 
 a calamity. 
 
 On one occasion his example was effectual. An old 
 man was ill in the village, and his nurse was worn out. 
 Mr. Cook went down and sat up all night with the 
 man — offers of help came after that. In 1854 the 
 terror seemed too great ; and while he considered 
 the safety of others, the whole weight and labour 
 and danger fell on his own shoulders. He visited 
 the sick and dying, not from morning to night, but 
 from week's end to week's end, and for seven whole 
 days and nights he never went to his bed ; for nearly 
 three weeks he had not one whole night's rest. From 
 house to house he hastened, forgetting to eat, adminis- 
 tered the medicines, rubbed the limbs, praying when- 
 ever one was conscious. Physician of body and soul, 
 he was spent for his flock, and for these godless, 
 drunken strangers as well. One of these great navvies 
 who, when Mr. Cook was urging him to come to 
 church, replied that he had torment enough on week- 
 days, being taken with the cholera, sent to beg Mr. 
 Cook to come to him. At his bedside Mr. Cook 
 passed the whole night. It is not easy to describe the 
 
76 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 scene ; he shrank from no office, however terrible, and 
 lived in the room occupied by several of these coarse 
 men. Doctor, nurse, priest, without repose and almost 
 without food, he comforted, assisted, supplied want, 
 and prayed. He had fresh air only when he went 
 about other work in the parish ; he himself buried 
 those whom he had nursed, forty in one month. In 
 such a pestilence there was little time for the thorough 
 spiritual treatment which was usual, but he did what 
 he could. One case of restitution he effected ; a man 
 who had forsaken his wife and was living with another 
 wrote, by Mr. Cook's hands, to his wife, asked her par- 
 don, dismissed the other woman, and died. A traveller 
 was seized in the village, every home was closed to 
 him, and the people said, " There is but one home that 
 will take you in, and that is the vicarage ". He was 
 carried upstairs by Mr. Cook and a neighbour, put to 
 bed, nursed and attended till he recovered. 
 
 After this visitation Mr. Cook returned to his simple 
 Ufe. His income was small, but the widows and sick 
 he always helped. His time was never his own ; he 
 was often called up, and would be out visiting into the 
 night ; on one occasion after midnight the policeman 
 heard a man running, and turned his lantern : it was 
 the vicar running to a sick man who had sent for him. 
 On another occasion, returning home in the evening, 
 he found that two persons had been quarrelling: he went 
 to their house, and spent two hours in trying to recon- 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 77 
 
 cile them, and did not leave until he had succeeded. 
 His sympathy was extraordinary, and no trouble was 
 too great if he could serve a friend by it. In 1857 he 
 became incumbent of Canvey Island, hoping to get an 
 assistant curate, but he could do so only for a time. 
 The hot summer of this year was followed by much 
 sickness. On Saturday, September 10, he left home 
 at midday, and was overtaken by darkness on Canvey 
 Island, lost his way, and reached home at ten ; he felt 
 ill, but held the three services of Sunday, and after that 
 he took to his bed, from which he never rose ; he lin- 
 gered in fever till St. Michael's Day. One who was at 
 his funeral tells us " there were no dry eyes ; tears for 
 him flowed thick and fast. I never saw so many weep, 
 nor so worthily." Nobody knows, no one can know, 
 how much influence the life of this reader at the West- 
 minster Abbey early daily service had on the neighbour- 
 hood around him. 
 
/ 
 
 CHAPTEE IV. 
 
 When people spoke of the country clergy, and their- 
 not being altogether up to date in London ways, this 
 was quite understood as applying to very few in out-of- 
 the-way spots ; indeed, I feel inclined to apologise for 
 such speeches when T remember a very unrefined one 
 by a London rector of some standing at that time. 
 He was in his vestry ready to go in to the Sunday 
 eveaing service, with his four curates around him. A 
 visitor who was going to help in the service asked the 
 rector if he was going to preach ; he replied, " Oh, 
 dear no ; I do not keep dogs to bark and bark myself". 
 I am sure no country rector, however far distant from 
 the centre of civilisation, would have made such a 
 speech as that. 
 
 To return to London ; there were several very im- 
 portant centres of the Church Movement, and one 
 of the earliest of these was Christ Church, Albany 
 Street, built about 1836-7, when dwellers in that 
 neighbourhood were looking on in some bewilderment 
 at the enormous excavations being made for the cutting 
 of the London and North Western Railway from Eus- 
 
 ton Square to Primrose Hill. We are used to such 
 
 (78) 
 
RECOLLECTIONS OF OXFORD MOVEMENT. 79 
 
 things now ; but it really did strike young folks with 
 alarm to see so much of the bowels of the earth dis- 
 placed. Christ Church was the first church built under 
 Bishop Blomfield's Metropolitan Church Scheme ; it 
 was a semi-classical building, with nothing to attract 
 externally, and inside the noble proportions of the 
 chancel, and the altar well elevated, were the re- 
 deeming points, the altar-piece being a fine copy of 
 Raphael's Transfiguration by some well-known painter. 
 Plain choir stalls and lectern were added in 1850. Sir 
 James Pennethorne was the architect, but in 1867 the 
 whole was decorated and re-arranged internally under 
 Mr. Butterfield, the renowned church architect, to 
 whom the Church of England is certainly indebted for 
 many of her finest churches and restorations. The 
 first incumbent was the Eev. Wm. Dodsworth, who 
 had been for some years minister of Margaret Chapel, 
 and a popular preacher there, working his way up on 
 the lines of the Church Movement, but without much 
 attempt to improve the arrangements of that very 
 homely little chapel or its ritual ; he preached there 
 now and then in Mr. Oakeley's time, good, simple, and 
 thoughtful sermons ; he was originally quite an Evan- 
 gelical or Low Churchman, and it was said that he had 
 considerable leaning to a body of men then rising into 
 notice, but of whom now we do not hear much, being 
 chiefly reminded of them by their great church of 
 cathedral-like proportions in Gordon Square. I refer 
 
8o RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 to the Irvingites, or, as they called themselves, the 
 Catholic Apostolic Church. Mr. Dodsworth was not 
 the only Church of England clergyman attracted by 
 this remarkable body of religionists ; and a few words 
 about them here may not be out of place. It was a 
 time of much progress and stirring of heart, and the 
 claims of the Irvingites to supernatural origin were 
 sure to attract. The restoration of the actual office of 
 the twelve apostles, by the calling of twelve men to 
 that dignity, was the main principle of their work, and 
 by this restored apostolate the divisions and short- 
 comings of Christendom were to be healed. The state- 
 ment and proofs of their spiritual claim had been 
 officially forwarded to every court in Europe ; certainly 
 the mere fact that such a ritual as they then practised 
 could be accepted and approved by what was at first 
 a small Presbyterian sect was in itself rather miracu- 
 lous. It was, of course, easy to construct a handsome 
 ritual and a devotional liturgy by using the Eastern 
 and Western liturgies and making a good selection ; and 
 this was done by them, though many of the members 
 averred that the vestments and details were specially 
 revealed through the revived apostolic office. One of 
 the offices was touching : you might see a father, 
 mother, and six children kneeling at the altar rails, 
 about to emigrate, joining in prayer, blessed by their 
 bishop before they sailed. Their church was then in 
 Newman Street, and in the number of their priests it 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 8i 
 
 was said that some Church of England clergy were to 
 be found ; and it was an undoubted fact that clergy of 
 the Church of England had submitted to what was 
 called the laying on of the apostles' hands, and it was 
 even currently reported that an English rector was 
 himself one of their twelve apostles. Mr. Drummond, 
 the banker, was one, and several of their priests were 
 in business or official positions. One of the best 
 known figures in London to be constantly met on the 
 way from Newman Street to Euston Square was the 
 noble and venerable form of Mr. Heath, the angel or bishop 
 in Newman Street. They were not at all an aggres- 
 sive people, or anxious to make proselytes : a friend of 
 mine in a Government office had a very gentlemanly, 
 quiet, well-informed man as his companion in work ; 
 it was years before he found out quite accidentally that 
 his fellow-clerk was an Irvingite priest. Mr. Hooper, 
 the then Eector of Albury, a home or centre of the 
 work (where Mr. Portal, of St. Barnabas, was after- 
 wards rector), made no secret of his sympathy and 
 membership; he published a Treatise on the Revelation 
 of St. John, Family Prayers, etc. Mr. Armstrong, 
 too, was one of their great preachers, and published 
 some volumes of sermons ; Miss Leeson, a well-known 
 member, wrote some exquisite poetry, such as " Hymns 
 and Scenes of Childhood," and " Songs of Christian 
 Chivalry". I cannot, of course, say how far Mr. Dods- 
 
 worth was at one with these worthy people. He 
 
 6 
 
82 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 worked for ten years in Christ Church, Albany Street, 
 made it a thorough centre of Church teaching, and had 
 a large congregation ; all was done with a simple 
 grandeur, but with very little of advanced ritual. Among 
 his curates were Mr. New, Ed. Stuart, W. H. Milman, 
 Mr. Gordon, Mr. Morton Shaw, afterwards Eector of 
 Eougham, near Bury St. Edmunds, and, for a short 
 time, Mr. Cavendish, a nephew of Lord Chesham's, 
 and afterwards Eector of Casterton ; in younger days 
 he and his brother, who went into the Life Guards, 
 were pages to the Queen. His clerical life was a short 
 and rather a sad one. Mr. Burgon, afterwards Dean of 
 Chichester, often officiated there in those days. 
 
 Mr. Dodsworth published sermons and controversial 
 tracts ; and in 1851, concluding that the Church of 
 England was involved in the judgments of the Privy 
 Council or responsible for them, he seceded from the 
 Church, and was afterwards known for the attempted 
 replies to Dr. Pusey's famous letter to the Bishop of 
 London, which was one of the most perfect and ex- 
 haustive defences of Catholic principles in the Church 
 of England — a real manual of the greatest value for all 
 time. We may hope it will be still read : the original 
 cause of that letter was one by Mr. Dodsworth to Dr. 
 Pusey, in which he reproached him for something like 
 lukewarmness about the Gorham judgment, and printed 
 expressions from his adapted works. Copies of this 
 were distributed in the street outside the Church of 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 83 
 
 St. Barnabas, on the night that Dr. Pusey preached 
 there. Christ Church still held to the Church revival, 
 and had a career of sound faith and practice under the 
 Eev. H. W. Burrows and the present Bishop Festing. 
 Later on, a more advanced ritual was, and still is, at 
 work in that neighbourhood, in the handsome Gothic 
 Church of St. Mary Magdalen, Munster Square, built 
 by the munificence of the late Eev. Edward Stuart, 
 from the designs of Mr. Carpenter, whose early death 
 was so earnestly deplored by churchmen ; Baron Alder- 
 son laid the foundation stone, and other good Church 
 laymen attended this church. The very earliest sister- 
 hood in the English Church was in Osnaburgh Street, 
 close by. Its beginning in 1845 by three or four 
 ladies quietly and unostentatiously, was in a house in 
 Park Village "West, in the parish of Christ Church, 
 Albany Street. The house in Osnaburgh Street, which 
 is in St. Mary Magdalen's parish, was built afterwards. 
 Now that sisterhoods are the largest and best recog- 
 nised works in our Church, it is deeply interesting 
 to know of this first beginning, of which Miss Sellon's, 
 of Devonport, was really an offshoot. A full account 
 of the Osnaburgh Street house will no doubt be 
 found in the later volumes of Dr. Pusey's life. Mr. 
 Stuart had a most worthy successor in the incumbency 
 of St. Mary Magdalen's, Munster Square — the Eev. F. 
 J. Ponsonby, whose comparatively early death very 
 many churchmen have just been mourning. Mr. 
 
84 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 Ponsonby's work and character have earned for him the 
 respect and affection of all who were privileged to know 
 him. 
 
 This, perhaps, will be a point at which we can refer 
 to the story of Margaret Chapel under Mr. Oakeley, the 
 successor of Mr. Dodsworth. Mr. Mozley speaks of a 
 Mr. Charles Thornton, who had charge, perhaps just 
 before Mr. Oakeley. Mr. Thornton was a cousin of 
 Dr. Pusey's, a good scholar and able man. It hardly 
 comes within my province to tell of the early history 
 of this remarkable chapel ; how in 1776, the Eev. 
 David Williams occupied it with the object of includ- 
 ing in one congregation all earnest and pious men, 
 without reference to creed, faith, or doctrine ; this was 
 hardly a plan likely to succeed, and it was a failure. 
 It would be curious to know how he proposed to suit 
 his chapel and services to every one ; it reminds one of 
 Mr. Newland's story of the old Devonshire boatman 
 who was rowing him across the breakwater at Ply- 
 mouth, and pointed out a small chapel, the minister of 
 which, he said, had tried several denominations in hope 
 of getting a congregation ; if one plan did not succeed 
 he tried another, and his last idea was to propitiate the 
 Baptists, and he even went so far as to give them a 
 huge tub for immersion. Mr. Newland thought " it 
 was rather a hopeless plan to try and please every one 
 in such matters ". " Aye, sir," said the boatman, 
 " that it was : the old gentleman's course to heaven lay 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 85 
 
 north-east by west southerly, and he didn't carry no 
 small helm neither." 
 
 This Mr. Williams, of Margaret Chapel — it was said 
 that it was named after the minister's daughter, Mar- 
 garet — was the founder of the Literary Fund, and his 
 tombstone may be seen in the church of St. Anne, 
 Soho. After him came a congregation calling them- 
 selves Bereans. Mr. Dodsworth held the chapel for 
 some time up to 1837, and it was not so much of a 
 centre of work during his time. "We read of Mr. 
 Philip Pusey, the squire, elder brother of Dr. Pusey, 
 attending Margaret Chapel in Mr. Dodsworth's time. 
 Mr. Oakeley had been elected Fellow of Balliol in 
 1827 ; he had also been made Prebendary of Lich- 
 field, and had been Whitehall preacher, publishing his 
 volume of sermons preached there, in 1839. In his 
 earlier years at Oxford he has been described as an 
 elegant and rather dilettante scholar, a musician, much 
 at his piano, and avowedly sentimental rather than 
 decisive in his religious views ; but the ten years in 
 the thick of the Oxford Movement had no doubt given 
 him very decided views on religion, and he came to 
 London with the express object of carrying out those 
 principles, of showing that Anglican ritual could be 
 expressive and devotional ; and he gathered round him 
 a congregation second to none in London, of good 
 standing, and earnest consistent Church principles, who 
 rallied round the old chapel, which became a wonder- 
 
86 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 ful London centre for some years ; a spot to which 
 people could point as a proof that the Church Move- 
 ment was a vital and real one, not resting in mere 
 books, but to be seen and known of all men by its 
 works. If one thing had been degraded lower than 
 another in past days of neglect it was the public wor- 
 ship of Almighty God : so, first and foremost, it was in 
 ^ Margaret Chapel that an improvement in this was 
 'attempted. Yet how little of strict ritual was at first 
 really carried out ! scarcely more than we find now in 
 nine out of ten parish churches throughout the land ; yet 
 what a power the simple, ugly building was, and what 
 splendid work for the Church of England was the 
 result ; it was a small beginning, indeed, but how it 
 grew ! About 1839-45 as you turned, any day, into 
 Margaret Street from Wells Street, just before five, the 
 hour of daily evensong, you would hear a small, half- 
 cracked bell, in a little cot at the top of the chapel 
 front gable, hardly louder or more penetrating than the 
 blow of the blacksmith's hammer in the forge at the 
 back of the chapel, a perpetual accompaniment to the 
 week-day services, to which we got quite accustomed 
 (that blacksmith's hammer was the only remnant of old 
 times that survived at the consecration of the beautiful 
 church of All Saints). The chapel bell was ringing, 
 and as you neared the doors (one on each side), from 
 one of the houses on the opposite side of Margaret 
 Street, you might see crossing the road a thin, short. 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 87 
 
 limping figure, with college cap on, dark hair closely 
 cropped, good features, bright eyes and square-shaped 
 head. This was Frederick Oakeley, minister of the 
 chapel. He went in at the right-hand door, and at the 
 far end, before going into the little vestry, knelt a few 
 moments, as all the clergy did, at the wooden altar-rail, 
 which came in a semi-circular form around the altar 
 itself. This was the five o'clock evensong, which has 
 now been going on for fifty years ; there was then daily 
 matins at eight, and early celebrations on Sundays and 
 saints' days. This was an ordinary evensong ; but there 
 was no mistake about the hearty and unanimous re- 
 sponse, the reverent and earnest behaviour. Mr. 
 Oakeley, in cassock and surplice, black stole and hood, 
 took his place, with one chorister in a surplice by his 
 side, at a small desk on the left side (Mr. Willing, 
 afterwards organist, and then at the Foundling, was 
 that chorister at one time) ; the rest of the choir being 
 with Mr. Eedhead and the organ at the end gallery. 
 One verse of the Psalms was sung by the priest and 
 choir-boy, and the other verse by the choir upstairs 
 with the congregation. The Psalter was the Laudes 
 Diurnce, a Gregorian one arranged by Mr. Eedhead, 
 author and editor of many valuable works of Church 
 music, edited by Mr. Oakeley, published by Mr. Toovey ; 
 it had a syllabic arrangement that sometimes sounded 
 awkwardly, but it had a dear place in the hearts of 
 those who used it, and it was then a step in the right 
 
88 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 direction. On saints' days and their eves it was a 
 regular thing to sing the last fourteen verses of Tate 
 and Brady's 118th Psalm, " Joy fills the dwelling of 
 the just," to a simple melody, which, to use a favourite 
 expression of Dr. Gauntlett's, " went like oil ". There 
 was no Hymnal then, but special hymns for special times 
 were printed on leaflets. Pages of special sermons. 
 Advent, Christmas, Lent, Easter, anniversaries, with list 
 of additional services and preachers, and the hymns, 
 were ready for circulation among the congregation. 
 There hardly seemed much to attract people in this ; 
 but the chapel was fairly full on all week-days ; many 
 of the highest and most learned in Church and State, 
 such as Lord Lyttelton, Mr. Gladstone, and Mr. Henry 
 Tritton, were among them, and curates of neighbouring 
 parishes, with a fair number of poor ; on Sundays it 
 was more than full. It was ugly, not to say pain- 
 fully so ; picture to yourself a square room, with flat, 
 whitewashed roof, two large galleries, and the whole 
 area covered with pews, no centre passage but only two 
 side ones, the east wall (it was really north) flat and 
 plain. In such a place the altar was the only part that 
 there was a hope of making decent, and this, with the 
 aid of dorsel and flowers at festivals, cross and candle- 
 sticks, was all that for some years was attempted ; yet 
 the place was loved in spite of its ugliness ; and some 
 were ready to say, when at last the old pews were 
 swept away, that they even loved the wretched old 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 89 
 
 seats, bad as they were. It was the enthusiasm, the 
 spirit of the thing, that carried all before it. Mr. 
 Oakeley, whose bright sermons showed the easy finish 
 of an elegant scholar, had constantly the presence and 
 support of his Oxford friends. I am afraid many of us 
 now accustomed to a ritual more in accordance with 
 the ornaments rubric, would have thought little of 
 the rituail there, so valued by many then. They* 
 would have seen Mr. Oakeley celebrating in cassock, 
 rather long surplice, black stole, and Oxford M.A. 
 hood ; and kneeling, one on each side below him, might 
 be J. H. Newman and W. G. Ward, in similar dress, 
 the latter very conspicuous from his imposing size. 1 
 Many a clergyman, an Oxford man, who had left 
 Oxford and taken a country living, attended this hum- 
 ble place when he was in London, and went away to 
 carry the influence of the inspiriting service of the little 
 chapel to his distant country parish ; so that from this 
 chapel there was an influence, the extent of which it is 
 not easy to measure. Outside, after service, the hearty 
 greetings and handshakes were a sight to see; it was 
 like a rallying point for all friends of the movement. 
 All was thoroughly English in heart and spirit, the idea 
 of merely imitating another branch of the Church 
 entered into no one's head. It was as the birthright 
 of our own Church that all contended for outward 
 beauty, increased reverence, and every scheme for good. 
 Very few of the books used were taken from foreign 
 
90 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 sources; the Psalter we have named. During his 
 ministry Mr. Oakeley translated St. Bonaventura's life 
 of Christ, a life in which the details of the daily life 
 of our Lord in Nazaretli, were reverently filled in ; 
 an edition of this had been published in 1739, evi- 
 dently by an English churchman ; it is not too much 
 to say, such was the e^it of the place, that nearly 
 every member of the congregation bought a copy of 
 this book almost wet from the press. The Devotions 
 for Holy Communion contained no words that an honest 
 member of the English Church could object to : it was 
 much valued and used, and so was the smaller edition 
 which followed, edited by Mr. Oakeley's successor ; the 
 Praijersfor a Blessing on the Building of the New Church, 
 which was a plan in the hearts of all, were part of the 
 daily devotions of the people, as was the small book of 
 Questions for Self- Examination. Part of the story of 
 this chapel can never be written, I mean its inner life, 
 — the earnestness about the soul and spiritual things, the 
 besetting sin broken off for ever, the penitent restored, 
 the worldly reclaimed, the humble and persevering 
 strengthened and built up, the business man influenced 
 to higher things. 
 
 For more than seven years the work prospered, and 
 though, from time to time, warnings came of trials and 
 troubles in the Church, those in earnest felt that such 
 trials were sure to come ; those only escaped them whO' 
 continued cold and indifferent; and that was the very 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 91 
 
 spirit against whicli Margaret Chapel, and its round of 
 prayer and praise, fast and festival, holy seasons and 
 rejoicings, was a perpetual visible protest. Bishop 
 Blomfield, in his Charge of 1842, had urged a more 
 strict adherence to some of the Church's plainest rules ; 
 the party in the Church represented by the Islington 
 clergy distinctly rebelled ; to them many parts of the 
 Prayer-book were a dead letter, and the Church was a 
 Protestant community, in spite of the Catholic creeds, 
 calendar, seasons, offices, ordinal, catechism, etc. Then, 
 by some it began to be urged that claims to Apostolic 
 descent and doctrine alone belonged to the Church of 
 Eome ; for this view there was little proof from primi- 
 tive times, history and antiquity, to which the Church 
 of England referred all her members ; it was found 
 impossible to reconcile the modern system of the 
 Church of Eome with primitive times, and so new 
 theories had to be invented. Between these two par- 
 ties poor Bishop Blomfield was sadly troubled. The 
 controversy was not gone through without a struggle, 
 and Margaret Chapel felt it severely. As we have said, 
 Mr. Oakeley was enthusiastic ; he was also chivalrous, 
 and took up the cause of his friend Mr. W. G. "Ward 
 with vigour, and defended his book The Ideal of a 
 Christian Church, published by Mr. Toovey in 1844. 
 He preached two sermons on the 10th and 17th of 
 November, 1844, on " Things dispensable, and things 
 indispensable ". After that he published that remark- 
 
92 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 able letter to a friend called " A claim to hold all 
 Eoman Doctrine without teaching it," still trying to 
 hold on to the Church in which he knew God had 
 placed him. Then, too, was published the pamphlet of 
 twenty-four pages, " Selections from a work entitled 
 The Ideal of a Christian Church, illustrative of its ten- 
 dency to promote Dutifulness to the English Church, 
 Unity among her Members, and Charity towards Dis- 
 sentients ". But the end was bound to come, and then 
 for a few weeks Mr. Oakeley left off of&ciating, and 
 still came to the service, kneeling in one of the end 
 pews. It was of this time that Dr. Pusey speaks when 
 telling of the pain that Mr. Oakeley's writings gave him, 
 and doubting if he had historical knowledge for the part 
 he was taking. Dean Church tells the story of his 
 quixotic defence of Mr. Ward before the University ; 
 he was, as has been said, one who would follow his 
 friend or leader in a " Charge of the Light Brigade ". 
 The contrast between the thin little minister of Mar- 
 garet Chapel, and the large, florid, and bright per- 
 sonality of his friend, both standing up before the 
 University, was curious but very impressive. And the 
 contrast between their future lives was quite as marked : 
 the one spent the rest of his life serving a poor con- 
 gregation in Islington, limping about the streets in very 
 shabby canonicals, eye still bright and voice kind ; Mr. 
 Mozley tells us that he would sometimes be induced 
 to dine quietly at Lambeth Palace, and talk over old 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 93 
 
 days with another old Fellow of Balliol, Archbishop 
 Tait. The other had an estate, Northwood Park, Isle of 
 Wight, a happy home, wife and children, and leisure 
 for the delights of art, music, and literature. Dean 
 Church tells us too, that during the anxious days of 
 the condemnation of Mr. Ward's book, Mr. Ward was 
 engaged to be married, and that the engagement came 
 to the knowledge of his friends, to their great astonish- 
 ment and amusement, very soon after the condemna- 
 tion. It was said that the lady was a member of the 
 congregation of Margaret Chapel, and, to add to the 
 romance, that Mr. Ward's first approach to her was on 
 behalf of a friend, to whom, of course, the lady was 
 unfavourable. Mr. Wingfield, her brother, a Christ 
 Church man, and Mr. Ward were described by Mr. 
 Bennett in the English Churchman (then the only 
 Church organ) as " Subtle Mr. Ward," and " Simple 
 Mr. Wingfield" — Ward's subtlety in claiming to hold 
 all Eoman doctrine, Wingfield's simplicity in accepting 
 as the decree of a pope. Sir H. Jenner Fust's judgment 
 against the Cambridge round church stone altar. 
 
 It was a long and sad time before Margaret Chapel 
 recovered from the effects of Mr. Oakeley's secession ; 
 the loss of such men as Bellasis, Hood, Wingfield, Burns, 
 Toovey, Baddeley, and others was a serious one, and pres- 
 sure was put on many of the congregation to take the step 
 that their minister and others had taken. Mr. Upton 
 Eichards was Mr. Oakeley's successor ; he had been his 
 
94 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 curate, and for a short time held also an office in the 
 Manuscript Department of the British Museum. He 
 was an Exeter College man, nephew of Dr. Eichards, then 
 Eector of Exeter College ; and few can nowadays imagine 
 the task of keeping that congregation together, and 
 carrying on the work of the movement in services, etc., 
 which he so bravely undertook. Happily, there were a 
 goodly number who held fast to the Church of their 
 baptism ; but even with their help Mr. Eichards'. post 
 was one of infinite labour and anxious care. Simple, 
 devout, hopeful and persevering, he held on his way 
 through all the distractions and troubles of that time 
 and for many years after; and well he deserved the 
 love and confidence he won. The building of a noble 
 church was kept steadily in view, but in the meantime 
 the homely little chapel was transformed ; it was re- 
 seated, and a sort of chancel choir and stalls erected, 
 and the services gained beauty and strength as time 
 went on, till it was pulled down. The last service at 
 the old chapel was an early celebration on Easter 
 Monday, 1850, carried out with all the increased beauty 
 and dignity of those years under Mr. Eichards. One 
 who was there described it as most solemn and pathetic, 
 — ^with what beating hearts, what weeping eyes they bend 
 to receive there for the last time the blessing of their 
 priest ; how full, how fervent did the deep Amen arise 
 throughout the building, uttered by every voice, 
 responded to by every heart ; lingering long, so loth to 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 95 
 
 die away. Some verses on this occasion by Mrs. Alex- 
 ander, author of Hymns for Little Children, are worth 
 repeating. 
 
 How many spirits troubled with the chiding 
 Of the rough world, have hither turned for rest, 
 
 Like storm-tossed ship awhile at anchor riding. 
 On some small haven's quiet breast ? 
 
 How many lips in rapturous devotion. 
 
 Wrought by no outward impulse, here have moved, 
 
 How many hearts can share our hearts' emotion. 
 Here meeting with the lost and loved ? 
 
 On All Saints' Day, 1850, the foundation stone of 
 the Church of All Saints was laid by Dr. Pusey, 
 whose name will ever be treasured for the deepest 
 learning and piety, and a life spent in providing good 
 and solid resting ground for true Catholic principles 
 in the Church of England. On the laying of the 
 stone he preached in the temporary chapel in Titchfield 
 Street, and there for another nine years the work of 
 the old chapel was carried forward ; and on that small 
 crowded spot more offerings for the completion of the 
 church were made. And as the building opposite pro- 
 gressed, so did the building up of every spiritual and 
 corporal work of mercy increase and abound. Let 
 none think that the reverence and beauty, and minute 
 attention to ritual stood alone — it rarely does. All 
 Saints' Home, with its orphanage, hospital, dispensary, 
 etc., began in a small way in 1851, governed by rules 
 and statutes allowed by the Bishop of London, and in 
 
96 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 1856 was more firmly established, dedicated in a 
 special service by the Bishop of Oxford, acting for the 
 diocesan. It was the wish of the ladies engaged in 
 the work that it should be, as far as possible, the 
 Church's expression of sympathy for all who are in 
 want, or sickness, or sorrow ; by Lent, 1859, there 
 were nine sisters, ten old women, twenty-four orphans, 
 twenty-two serving girls, and nine incurables. There 
 was a pharmacy, a mortuary chapel, etc. I need not 
 say that up to the present day the work is still grow- 
 ing. Who does not know of its grand convalescent 
 home and chapel at Eastbourne, and many other addi- 
 tions? By May, 1859, the church, the clergy-house, and 
 other houses were completed, and on the 28th it was 
 consecrated. Mr. Helmore sang the service, and his 
 Manual of Plain Song was used. The Bishop of Lon- 
 don (Tait) preached, and in his sermon said that per- 
 sonally he preferred a less ornate and elaborate church 
 and service ; but if those who loved God as well, if 
 not better, than he did, found these things aids to 
 devotion, and a means of drawing their hearts from the 
 love of this world, it was not for him to refuse it. 
 Among the preachers in the octave were the Dean of 
 "Westminster (Trench), Eev. the Hon. E. Liddell, J. E. 
 (afterwards Bishop) Woodford, E. M. Benson, T, Yard, 
 and T. T. Carter. I need not carry this sketch beyond 
 the death of Mr. Eichards in 1873 ; it would be vain 
 to attempt any adequate description of his life's work 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 97 
 
 and devotion, and how deeply it was appreciated by 
 many hundreds to whom he ministered. In appear- 
 ance he was slight and fair, with an ever-cheerful ex- 
 pression, and not unlike in features to his great and 
 life-long friend Dr. Pusey, who was always his staunch 
 helper in times of trouble and anxiety. Other valued 
 friends were constant attendants at the church. I name 
 a few : The Bishop of Brechin, Lord Glasgow, Eev. E. 
 J. Spranger, W. J. Blew ; Mr. Walker, the well- 
 known engraver ; Mr. Tritton, one of the most munifi- 
 cent donors to the church ; Eev. G. A. Trevor, once 
 Eector of Eokeley, was mid-day celebrant for years; 
 Mr. Lyall, of Backchurch ; Eev. J. C. Crompton, who 
 edited the Proper Prefaces with the old music ; Lord 
 Forbes, Mr. G. E. Street, Mr. Butterfield, and his 
 churchwarden, Mr. William Holland, and many others. 
 Then therew ere his fellow-helpers and curates, T. W. 
 Perry, C. Gutch, and last, but by no means least, 
 the Eev. Chas. Christie (brother of Albany Christie, 
 formerly fellow of Oriel), a man of only one 
 curacy, except a short time at St. Thomas's, Oxford, 
 and Lewknor. All honour and praise to such men ; 
 there are very few of them! Mr. Eichards had a 
 worthy successor in Mr. Berdmore Compton. In 1880- 
 81 a Conference of Clergy was held at All Saints, 
 on the subject of ritual, which resulted in a valuable 
 pamphlet on the various interpretations of the rubrics 
 of the Prayer-book. 
 
98 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 A short walk across Cavendish Square to Baker Street 
 brings ns to a much more pretentious looking building 
 than that in Margaret Street, namely, Portman Chapel, 
 the interior of which had been made more comely by 
 the Eev. W. J. Early Bennett, M.A., of Christ Church, 
 Oxford, who was the minister for a few years till the 
 church of St. Paul, Knightsbridge, was finished in 1843. 
 At the time he was but little over thirty, and full of 
 that strength, courage, and vigour for which he was 
 so long distinguished. At Portman Chapel he must 
 have aroused the fashionable folks from their easy, 
 luxurious lives, and stirred them with his pointed and 
 scholarly sermons. There was, of course, but little that 
 could be called ritual, but all things were done care- 
 fully and reverently ; the pulpit was not put before the 
 altar, the prayers were not read to the people, etc., as 
 they were then in so many proprietary chapels. Mr. 
 Bennett was succeeded by Mr. D. A. Beaufort, who 
 gave the font to St. Paul's, Knightsbridge ; afterwards 
 he was chaplain to Mr. Eliot Warburton, at Arley ; at 
 Portman Chapel in his time Mr. Palmer, of Worcester 
 ■College, author of the Origines Liturgicm, preached, 
 referring in his sermon to the martyrdom of King 
 Charles I. In 1843 Mr. Bennett began his eight years' 
 work at the church and parish of St. Paul's, Knights- 
 bridge, which was for a long time to be the centre of so 
 many struggles to maintain the showing forth of Church 
 principles before the world of London. Trials of all 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 99 
 
 kinds began very soon : even at the consecration the 
 bishop ordered the removal of an oak eagle supporting 
 the bible desk; and Mr. Hodgson, rector of the mother 
 church, St. George's, Hanover Square, read the service 
 facing the people, ignoring the side prayer desk. The 
 choir were not in surplices till Advent, 1846. It was 
 a handsome church, built from the designs of Mr. 
 Gundy, and it was not long before Mr. Bennett made 
 his mark, and a very large congregation were regular 
 attendants at St. Paul's. Mr. Bennett was not only 
 a good preacher, but he was a writer of numerous 
 works, putting the Tractarian Theology into a most 
 popular and readable form. His two series of Letters 
 to my Children, published about 1850, on religious and 
 moral subjects, were admirable specimens of such 
 works. There were also volumes of Sermons, Essays 
 on the Prayer-booh, on the Holy Eucharist, the Church's 
 Broken Unity, besides the Old Church Porch, and a 
 variety of short works and pamphlets as occasion 
 arose. He had a wonderful gift of attracting people to 
 himself and his cause ; one of the most remarkable was 
 the lady who wrote Tales of Kirkhech, Tales of a Lon- 
 don Parish, Alice Beresford, Lives of the Fathers, etc., 
 etc., all of which were published anonymously as 
 edited by the Eev. W. J. E. Bennett. He also edited 
 Pension's Counsels. He was a thorough parish priest, 
 guide, and friend, and had the gift of organising too. 
 Some of his curates at St. Paul's were men of great 
 
100 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 ability : Mr. Cowie, now Dean of Exeter, Mr. De Gex, 
 C. I. Smith, Archdeacon of Jamaica, afterwards Eector 
 of Erith, author of a standard book on Synonyms ,- 
 George Nugee, author of Sermons on the Gross, and 
 Sermons on Holy Women; H. Stretton (afterwards at 
 Hixon, in Staffordshire), joint author with Sir W. H. 
 Cope of the Visitatio Infirmorum, and author of a 
 series of sermons on the acts of St. Mary Magdalen. 
 In the preface to the Visitatio, is a reference to two 
 young friends, candidates for the holy order of deacon ; 
 these were Eandolph Payne, so many years at St. 
 Paul's, Brighton, and J. L. Fish, Eector of St. Mar- 
 garet's Pattens, City. Mr. Bennett's handsome personal 
 presence and dignified and courageous bearing through 
 all his troubles will be remembered still by many who 
 knew and valued him, recalled, too, by the very beauti- 
 ful engraving, after Eichmond's portrait, a companion 
 to that excellent series of which those of Mannings 
 Samuel Wilberforce, Selwyn, F. D. Maurice, J. H. 
 Newman, etc., etc., were notable examples. At Easter 
 and Christmas the church was more than crowded ; and 
 on one well-remembered Easter Sunday the number 
 was very large, although there had been several early 
 celebrations. The vicar knew that a great many (some 
 coming from a distance) would communicate, and so 
 the long service would be unusually trying ; on that 
 occasion he went up into the pulpit and gave out his 
 text, " Christ is risen ". " This is my text and this is 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. loi 
 
 my sermon. Now, to God the Father," etc., etc. But 
 Mr. Bennett was not one to be satisfied with a church 
 filled with the rich and well-to-do, when there was a 
 part of the parish in which small streets and crowded 
 houses were the state of things near the riverside. It 
 was the plain duty of the well-to-do who enjoyed the 
 privileges and services of a church like St. Paul's to 
 provide a church free and open for the poor of their 
 own parish ; and he set to work with this object, and 
 about 1846-9 the small but beautiful church of St. 
 Barnabas, in Church Street, was built, and consecrated 
 by the Bishop of London on St. Barnabas' Day, 1850. 
 Dr. Pusey and other well-known clergy preached. The 
 sermons were all published in a memorable volume: the 
 Bishops of London and Oxford, Dr. Mill, Keble, Man- 
 ning, Sewell, Gresley, Paget, Neale, Eden (afterwards 
 Primus of the Scottish Church), Eichards, Kennaway, 
 Henry Wilberforce, Mr. Bennett and his brother 
 Frederick. Few could compare with Mr. Bennett as a 
 preacher ; and one of his sermons, I think on the Day of 
 Judgment, was said by Manning to be the finest he 
 ever heard. A work for Christ and His people was 
 begun which is still carried on and prospering. At St. 
 Barnabas Mr! Bennett mostly worked and officiated ; 
 and feeling that in a new church a somewhat brighter 
 and more ornate ritual was fairly allowable, without 
 reference to what they were already accustomed to at 
 St. Paul's, he carried matters out himself. All this 
 
102 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 was not done without opposition and dislike on the part 
 of the Puritans. The popular mind was exercised, and 
 what were called the St. Barnabas Eiots took place. 
 They were very mild compared with another notorious 
 riot in the East of London, part of the story of which I 
 hope to tell in another chapter, and chiefly consisted of 
 hisses and tokens of disapproval when the altar lights 
 /were lighted, and when Mr. Bennett ascended the"" 
 f pulpit in his surplice. It is well to keep in mind how 
 little then there was of what could be called ritual — 
 black stole, surplice and hood, with lights and east- 
 ward position, were sufficient to excite these angry 
 feelings. Under the excellent and well-remembered 
 churchwarden, Mr. Sutherland Graeme, of Graemeshill, 
 Orkney, a goodly band of gentlemen was organised as 
 special constables, who attended early and sat or knelt 
 behind the seats at the west end, and so protected the 
 worshippers from being molested. It was a scene not 
 to be forgotten as Mr. Bennett ascended the pulpit and 
 stood still till the hissing somewhat abated : he looked 
 the very embodiment of a brave determined man and 
 priest, one who knew his own faithfulness, and was not 
 to be hissed down ; he made himself both heard and 
 felt. After the sermon, at the offertory sentences. Sir 
 Frederick Ouseley, then a deacon and curate of St. 
 Barnabas, the future church musician and founder of 
 St. Michael's, Tenbury, stood at the screen with the 
 alms-dish, quite calm and undisturbed. A touching 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 103 
 
 xeuiembrance comes to one's mind. Those were the 
 last few Sundays of Archdeacon Manning's life in 
 the Church of England. He was living in town, and 
 had for some time left off all duty, but he still attended 
 St. Barnabas, and might be seen sitting close by the 
 organ and looking at Mr. Bennett, as he was patiently 
 standing in the pulpit, with an expression that one 
 could almost interpret thus : " Well, how long are you 
 going to carry on this battle, this hopeless work of 
 defending and vindicating your unhappy Church ? For 
 myself I despair of it, and am leaving it." Not so Mr. 
 Bennett ; though he might be driven from his post, his 
 work for the Church of England was lifelong. Though 
 his work in the parish might be over, the result of that 
 work lasted on and has been seen for years since that 
 time. The churchwarden, Mr. Sutherland Grseme, is 
 still living with his son and his son's wife, Margaret, 
 daughter of the late Dr. Neale, and their children ; and 
 now at the age of 86, in his enforced rest from all 
 bodily labour, is as enthusiastic and interested as ever 
 in the Church and her welfare, and recalls early events 
 with unfailing energy and pleasure.* 
 
 The laymen of the parish were many of them as 
 earnest as the vicar, and ready to help in every way ; 
 letters to the Bishop of London (Blomfield) were 
 numerous and pointed. A series by Mr. Eamsay, a 
 thorough churchman and scholar, were among the most 
 * Mr. Sutherland Grseme died since this was written. 
 
104 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 able, and the Tractarian standing-points well argued 
 out ; but they were not all published. Mr. Bennett 
 was not one to give up his position and his work till all 
 had been tried, and every effort for peace had been 
 made ; but the opposition current was too strong even 
 for this unusually strong man — strong in his sense of 
 truth and justice and iu his allegiance to the Church. 
 
 After a time the last appeal was made, and his 
 famous pamphlet was published, and its modest title 
 was A Plea for Toleration — a plea that the High 
 Churchman and his honest interpretation of the Book 
 of Common Prayer, its rubrics, offices, etc., should be 
 at least tolerated, put up with, allowed a place, a fair 
 field and no favour. How different in tone and spirit 
 to those who opposed him, who said, as it were. Our low 
 standard is the only true one, and we will go to law to 
 force all men down to that ! Their successors in our 
 day propose to undo the wonderful Church work, life, 
 influence, and literature of the last fifty years by a little 
 fresh law, a few more Acts of Parliament, giving less 
 power to bishops, and all power to the aggrieved 
 parishioner. Some would almost be inclined to feel 
 that this party, who would force all men down to their 
 own standard, and yet who claim the liberty to omit 
 and ignore nine-tenths of the Prayer-book, should be 
 the party pleading for toleration. Some one once 
 wrote some Church nursery rhymes, and concluded with 
 this moral: — 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 105 
 
 There once was a prince so conceited 
 He would have all men think as he did, 
 
 That one si-zed shoe 
 
 Every man should make do, 
 That prince he was soon superseded. 
 
 But in those days the opposing forces were too^ 
 strong. Mr. Bennett had been driven from his post in 
 1851, as has been said, by the prime minister, who 
 had temporal authority ; by the bishop, who had 
 spiritual authority ; and by the Times and the mob, 
 who had no authority. Probably, Mr. Bennett never 
 expected that his resignation would be accepted by the 
 bishop ; and attempts were made by friends to dissuade 
 him from acting on it, owing to some technical irregu- 
 larity, but he pleaded his honour. The storm was the 
 outcome of the "Durham Letter" by Lord John Eus- 
 sell, and the bishop's " Histrionic " Charge. On the day 
 that it announced the resignation the Times began a 
 leader thus, " Protestantism has won its spolia opima 
 at the gates of St. Barnabas". (Can Thomas Mozley 
 have written that ? ) Scanty spoils ! for now the parish 
 has four churches with a much more advanced ritual, 
 instead of two, to say nothing of the magnificent work 
 at Frome, and Sir Frederick Ouseley's work at Ten- 
 bury. Some years after, as a charitable answer to the 
 Flea for Toleration, Mr. Bennett's doctrine of the 
 Eucharist was attacked in Sheppard v. Bennett, when 
 it was decided that teaching an objective real and 
 spiritual presence was not contrary to the doctrine of 
 
io6 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 the Church of England ; the Church AssQciation ap- 
 pealed, but their appeal was dismissed. Sheppard was 
 a Frome clothworker, " shepherd's plaid" was said to have 
 been named after him ; his son became one of the 
 Cowley Fathers ! During this controversy leaflets with 
 short extracts from the Tracts for the Times or the 
 writings of the Tractarians, were printed and distri- 
 buted to the people as they went out of church. An 
 old churchman used to say of such folk, " Ah, they 
 hate Tracts which they never read, but they love 
 ex-Tracts which they manufacture themselves ". 
 
 Mr. Bennett's last pamphlet was a Farewell Letter 
 to his Parishioners, one of the most touching and 
 pathetic letters that was ever written; it not only 
 affected his parishioners, who felt what it was to be 
 deprived of their priest, guide, friend, and counsellor ; 
 but it affected many who knew little or nothing of the 
 writer. One instance of this I will quote from the 
 admirable life of Charles Lowder, whom it influenced 
 to begin his work in London, and who worked for 
 some time at St. Barnabas. He remembers well, as 
 curate of a country town in Gloucestershire, in 1851, 
 reading one evening by the fireside the account of the 
 farewell of the incumbent of St. Paul and St. Barnabas, 
 the touching words which he spoke, and the sad leave- 
 taking of his much-loving flock. The whole history 
 was not to be read carelessly or reflected upon without 
 many burning thoughts. Those which arose in hi» 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 107 
 
 mind were of deep sorrow for the parish which had 
 lost so devoted a priest ; of prayer that his place might 
 be supplied by one who would faithfully carry on his 
 work; and of ardent longing that, if it were God's will, 
 he might be permitted to take a part, however humble, 
 in aiding such an object. The last service at St. 
 Barnabas under Mr. Bennett was the Holy Eucharist, 
 on Lady Day, 1851. At the close the choir and clergy 
 all went out by the west door singing Super flumina, as 
 they had sung coming in at the opening, Hxswgat Deus. 
 Then all went into the dining hall, and the choir sang 
 Weldon's anthem, " In Thee, Lord, have I put my 
 trust ". That was the finish, and it was most touching. 
 Cosby White (not then curate) and others were in 
 tears. Mr. Skinner, as Mr. Liddell's curate, preached 
 on the following Sunday in black gown, a prayer desk 
 having been set up outside the screen. The alms , gifts, 
 and oblations, made at the offertory at St. Paul's, are 
 worth recording. — from Easter, 1846, to Easter, 1847 
 (there were no evening collections), they were £6641 
 lis. 4d. ; one day's offering for the building was 
 £2153 17s. Id., the largest single offering £1000 from 
 a penitent. Sisters of Charity soon came to St. Barna- 
 bas, among them Miss Law, daughter of the Eecorder 
 of London, and Miss Hayes, sister of the publisher. 
 
 In 1852 Mr. Bennett was presented to the living of 
 Frome Selwood, in Somersetshire, by the Marchioness 
 of Bath, but his persecution did not cease ; the presen- 
 
io8 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 tation was brought before the House of Commons, and 
 it was there urged that he was not a fit and proper person 
 to hold the living. Such a proposal could hardly be 
 carried even in those days, and it failed. Mr. Bennett 
 spent the rest of his life, thirty-four years, in Frome ; 
 and the restoration and rebuilding of that magnificent 
 church will ever be a memorial of him, and the ser- 
 vices and work of the parish were in accord with the 
 splendid church, known far and wide for costly magni- 
 ficence ; on it he had expended his own private fortune. 
 He had outlived all opposition, and on his death in 
 1886, aged 84, his funeral was attended by 500 of his 
 parishioners. Sir Frederick Ouseley's sisters and others 
 followed Mr. Bennett to Frome, and worked with him 
 there. He was not often away from his parish, but 
 was ever ready to help others ; he preached and pub- 
 lished two sermons at the re-opening of Holy Trinity, 
 Bordesley, Birmingham, the scene of Dr. Oldknow's 
 and Mr. Enraght's labours ; and also kindly came to 
 preach at St. George's-in-the-East during the riots. 
 
 The record of the two churches of St. Paul and St 
 Barnabas after 1851 was one of many troubles ; the 
 trials and judgments have been printed, and the firm 
 and noble stand through them all made by Mr. Liddell 
 is well within the memory of churchmen ; the incon- 
 sistencies and contradictions in some of these judg- 
 ments are well set forth in that very learned series of 
 " Privy Council Tracts " published by Mr. Pickering. 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 109 
 
 The workers at St. Barnabas now no doubt reverence 
 the names of those, both living and departed, who 
 steered the Church through those early troublous times 
 — Mr. Skinner, so solemn, yet ever gentle and kind ; 
 Mr. Lowder, the saintly, fearless and self-sacrificing, 
 both of whose biographies will, it is hoped, cheer and 
 strengthen many a churchman for years to come. 
 Then come the names of Cosby White, Ashley Gibson, 
 Charles Lyford, and a host of good and true if we had 
 space to record them. One great point is that the 
 work in these two churches goes forward and ever for- 
 ward ; and we have but lately read of the enlargement 
 of St. Paul's, a chancel and many beautiful additions, 
 with an increase of life and work in the Church, the 
 ritual, music, and devotion, under the care of Mr. Mon- 
 tague Villiers, Mr. Baden Powell, and others. Church 
 folks may take heart and thank the great Head of the 
 Church for the example of such men as Mr. Bennett 
 and Mr. Liddell. 
 
CHAPTER V. 
 
 The City of London in the early days of the Church 
 Movement was almost the last spot where we should 
 expect its influence to be felt, at least in any practical 
 way. The number of large churches all along the 
 chief streets were impregnable fortresses of old-fashioned 
 ways and customs, and in many of them the customs 
 were perfectly unauthorised, merely a following of those 
 who had gone before, keeping up traditions as to ritual 
 and ceremonies some of which were anything but edify- 
 ing. Walking from west to east, who can say aught 
 against the eminent respectability of the churches of 
 St. George, Hanover Square ; St. James, Piccadilly ; 
 St. Martin-in-the-Fields ; St. Clement Danes ; St. Dun- 
 stan, St. Bride, St. Mary-le-bow, St. Michael and St. 
 Peter, Cornhill ; St. Andrew, Undershaft ; St. Botolph, 
 Aldgate ? For many years after 1833 the Tractarian 
 Movement had not much effect on this solid array of 
 imposing buildings. Money was certainly spent in 
 adornment, as in the case of St. Michael's, Cornhill, 
 where profusion of alabaster, marbles, carving, and 
 stained glass made it a place to visit and admire ; 
 
 tut, in spite of such beauty, the place was dead and 
 (no) 
 
RECOLLECTIONS OF OXFORD MOVEMENT, iii 
 
 cold ; there was little stirring of life and power. A 
 visit to that church just after the completion and orna- 
 mentation was rather depressing : one especial point 
 showed at once a want of sornething — the chiefest ordi- 
 nance of our Church was not honoured, the old altar 
 table was not raised or enlarged, and had its old dingy- 
 velvet covering — ^the one thing unimproved amidst all the 
 surrounding beauties. The architect was the late Sir 
 G. Gilbert Scott, and it was supposed that he was 
 responsible. Curiously enough, he heard some remarks 
 on it. Travelling outside the Hampstead omnibus one 
 day was Mr. G. G. Scott, and just behind him were 
 two enthusiastic young churchmen, who had been to 
 visit the church and were loudly deploring the want 
 of dignity in the chief place of honour in St. Michael's : 
 they were told afterwards who their travelling com- 
 panion was, and did not seem at all in a mood to 
 apologise for their strong expressions. But, like that 
 select parish of Islington, the city was surrounded with 
 many tokens of the new life that was then stirring. St. 
 Saviour's, Southwark, was even then, in its sad condi- 
 tion, dear to the hearts of all Church folk as the 
 resting-place of one of England's most saintly bishops 
 (Andrewes), whose Book of Private Devotions was then 
 and is still the manual in very many households. It 
 was, quite early in the movement, printed in some six 
 or eight sizes and editions, first by Dr. Kewman as one 
 of the Tracts for the Times, and then in several forms 
 
112 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 published by Mr. Parker, one by the S.P.C.K., one by 
 Mr. Masters, and lastly one in a small portable form by 
 Mr. Eivington, edited by Canon Liddon, for special 
 use by the revered Bishop of Salisbury (Hamilton) 
 through his long last illness. How many would then 
 have rejoiced if they could have known that in the 
 present day Sfc. Saviour's was likely to become a real 
 cathedral, restored to something of its early form and 
 beauty? The City's own cathedral of St. Paul was 
 not eventually to be behind in the work of the revival ; 
 and though for the most part preaching and teaching 
 were the ways in which the beginnings were set forth, 
 they led on and forwards to more outward and visible 
 beauty in worship and service. Not very far from St. 
 Saviour's is the parish church of St. Mary's, Newing- 
 ton, or Newington Butts as it was called. Very soon 
 after the Church Movement began there were two 
 curates who both did good work there : one was the Eev. 
 W. J. Irons, afterwards Vicar of Brompton, and Prebend- 
 ary of St. Paul's, a theologian and writer of some emin- 
 ence. At Newington he was quite a young man, and 
 as a preacher was soon well known ; his was a striking 
 personal appearance, long fair hair, high forehead, and 
 large but fine features and bright blue eyes ; and judg- 
 ing from his after work in preaching and writing, it is 
 not a matter of surprise to know that Newington 
 Church was full. He was the son of the Eev. Joseph 
 Irons, also a great preacher, but among the Dissenters 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 113 
 
 of pronounced Calvinistic tenets, who thundered forth 
 the terrors of his creed at Grove Chapel, Camberwell, 
 from 1818 to 1852, not very far from Newington 
 Church : the story went that the carriages of those who 
 came to hear the father and the son reached a long 
 way, and at times got awkwardly mixed. Dr. W. J. 
 Irons became a foremost theologian and writer on the 
 controversies of the day ; he was also much valued as 
 a parish priest and a careful and wise adviser. Some 
 of his works were of more than common interest: an 
 elaborate review of the Court of Arches and Privy 
 Council Judgments, with notes and comments, and a 
 reply to the Eev. W. G-oode, on The Whole Doctrine of 
 Final Causes, on The Holy Catholic Church, Ecclesiastical 
 Jurisdiction, on The Royal Supremacy, in reply to Mr. 
 Maskell, with some useful smaller works, such as The 
 Christian Servant's Booh, and lastly his beautiful trans- 
 lation of the Bies Tree, in Hymns Ancient and Modern, 
 which will live as long as hymns are sung. His fellow- 
 curate at Newington was the Eev. J. Fuller Eussell, 
 B.C.L., afterwards perpetual curate of St. James's, 
 Enfield Highway, and Vicar of Greenhithe, a writer 
 and also a poet, well known in after years as the owner 
 of a splendid liturgical library, and some very fine 
 paintings of the schools of Albert Durer and Lucas van 
 Leyden. Mr. Eussell was not, like Dr. Irons, a great 
 preacher, but he was ever most earnest in the move- 
 ment and ready to help it forward in every way, and a 
 
114 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 genial and kind friend. A most interesting letter, 
 1836, from Mr. Fuller Eussell, when a young Cambridge 
 man, very earnestly wishing to restore much of the 
 disused ritual of the Church, and Dr. Pusey's reply, 
 urging above all that restored outward worship should 
 be genuine and real, also the account of his and Dr. 
 Irons' visit to Dr. Pusey, at Oxford, will be found in 
 Dr. Pusey's life. Among Mr. Fuller Eussell's works 
 were Anglican Ordinations Valid, in reply to Dr. Ken- 
 rick, Lays concerning the Early Church, The Judgment 
 of the Anglican Church on Scripture, and a valuable 
 compilation entitled Hierurgia Anglicana, documents 
 and extracts illustrative of the ritual of the Church of 
 England after the Eeformation. In this same neigh- 
 bourhood much more work was ere long to be done. 
 At St. George's, Camberwell, Mr. Smith was a good, 
 though old-fashioned High Churchman, and in memory 
 of his long ministry the noble chancel just added to St. 
 George's was built. Mr. Going's excellent work at St. 
 Paul's, Lorrimore Square, is within the memory of us 
 all, his earliest work on that side of the water being 
 the chaplaincy of Price's Candle Factory : he was the 
 friend of the Eev. W. B. Atkins, of St. Anne's, Soho, 
 about whom I spoke in a former chapter. Mr. Goul- 
 den's work in the very worst slums of South London 
 must be named here. Bishop Thorold and Bishop 
 Davidson have vividly pictured to us the needs of 
 South London. It is not much further on to St. Peter's, 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 
 
 "5 
 
 Vauxhall, where Mr. Herbert has given his life work, 
 and laboured with great and untiring zeal among the 
 lower and lower middle classes. 
 
 On the other side, outside the circle of the city, we 
 come to one of the earliest centres of the movement in 
 St. Matthew's, City Eoad, begun by Mr. Howard, and 
 carried on by Mr. Lawrell, Mr. Baird, and their suc- 
 cessors. This church was well placed on the route so 
 thronged from the City to Islington and Highbury. 
 With a simple ritual and very hearty choral services, 
 St. Matthew's was always full; and one special point 
 most worthy of notice was that in the regular congre- 
 gation a very large proportion of young men would 
 always be found. St. Philip's, Clerkenwell, was a 
 thorough working centre of the revival ; and those who 
 were privileged to know the Eev. Warwick E. Wroth, 
 the incumbent, will understand the beauty and in- 
 fluence of such a life as his. St. Philip's, Clerkenwell, 
 was not a good specimen of a sacred building, but the 
 very best was made of it that could be made, and the 
 sanctuary, altar, and quasi-chancel were lovingly cared 
 for and adorned. Under the untiring energy of Mr. 
 Wroth and his curates and an earnest body of lay 
 helpers, the work of building up people in faith and 
 practice went forward ; and in such an unpromising 
 building and neighbourhood the amount of good work 
 was most encouraging. Mr. Wroth was tall and very 
 thin, and delicate-looking, with hair iron-grey early in 
 
n6 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 life; but he worked on while strength lasted, living 
 close to his church, in Baker Street, Granville Square, 
 and died at his post, leaving a most loving memory in 
 the hearts of all his people : he published five sermons 
 on the Old Testament types of Holy Baptism, 1859. 
 His brother was sometime Vice-Consul at Constanti- 
 nople, and died in the midst of his work there in 
 November, 1861. I give an extract from Mr. Wroth's 
 letter to a friend, in reply to his condolence : — 
 
 " Very many thanks to you for your kind sympathy, 
 and the beautiful book you sent [Mantmlfor Mourners, 
 Masters, 1848]. It was a real comfort, and my father, 
 to whom I lent it, said he found it a great help in 
 enabling him to bear this heavy blow ; we were so 
 reckoning on my dear brother's return that the blow 
 came aU the heavier. A letter from the Chaplain of 
 the Embassy, however, gives us great hope that his end 
 there was a blessed one. It comforts us greatly that 
 he died at his post doing his duty. The kindness and 
 sympathy of the people at Constantinople has been 
 most touching ; you will be interested to read the 
 account of his death and funeral in the Levant Herald ; 
 the Times also had a kind notice of him, and speaks of 
 the regret felt by the entire community for his loss. 
 Before the establishment of the new Court justice had 
 seldom been done at Constantinople, and at first it was 
 not palatable ; but it is cheering to find how if right is 
 done, in the long run it will win the respect of all. 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 117 
 
 " P.S. — Let me get out of your debt for my sub- 
 scription to the Anti-Pew Society which you paid for 
 me. 
 
 This postscript reminds me that Mr. "Wroth had 
 determined to make his church free from pew-rents, a 
 course requiring no little courage and sacrifice in those 
 days. In this and all other parts of his work he had 
 the strong and staunch support and friendship of Mr. 
 Brett, the well-remembered surgeon of Stoke Newing- 
 ton, of whom we have much to say further on. 
 Mr. Brett's known opposition to pews and pew-rents 
 called forth one of Dr. Littledale's witty nursery 
 
 rhymes : — 
 
 A surgeon there was at Stoke Newington, 
 Who never would have any pewing done ; 
 If the church wasn't free, 
 He exclaimed, " Oh ! dear me. 
 Those boxes I soon must be hewing down ". 
 
 We pass by Christ Church, New North Eoad, Hox- 
 ton, where the Eev. Wm. Scott was for some years 
 working; he was a clever writer and editor in the 
 Tractarian cause. One of his curates was a Mr. Eose, 
 a fair man, with hair parted down the middle, who 
 sang the Litany in lavender kid gloves ! He gave up 
 his orders, and became the famous comic author and 
 reciter, Arthur Sketchley; many of us have laughed 
 heartily at " Mrs. Brown " and her various droll adven- 
 tures. They seldom referred to Church matters, except 
 on one occasion when she expressed her surprise at the 
 
ii8 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 display of metal work, stained glass, embroidery, etc., 
 at the Great Exhibition, exclaiming, "Is it church ? I 
 don't mind, only let me know ; is it church ? " Not 
 far off at St. Barnabas, Homerton, built by Mr. Joshua 
 Watson, the Eev. C. J. Black and 0. J. Daniel did 
 excellent work. 
 
 Let us enter the sacred boundary of the City of Lon- 
 don by Charterhouse Square, then a really quiet sheltered 
 spot, all three gates closed at night, with watchmen, 
 and the curfew regularly rung from the old turret in 
 the school. The Square garden was carefully kept, but 
 the turf there could not compare with that in the mas- 
 ter's garden inside the school walls, which was quite 
 an oasis in the City desert. Archdeacon Hale was 
 then master, and also Eector of St. Giles's, Cripplegate. 
 When some friends of mine went to reside in that old 
 City Square he very kindly oifered them seats in the 
 Charterhouse Chapel on Sundays ; but two or three visits 
 were all that they could manage : the very building 
 and pews were anything but conducive to reverence of 
 body or mind ; and the old pensioners, scholars, and Dr. 
 Saunders, the headmaster (afterwards Dean of Peter- 
 borough, whose children have just erected a reredos 
 to his memory there), did not do much in that way, or 
 to raise the whole tone of the service. John Hullah, 
 then organist, had not much chance of brightening the 
 service, as there was as little as possible for him to do. 
 The service might be almost as dreary as Beresford 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 119 
 
 Hope describes that at the chapel of Harrow School in 
 his day. Mrs. Stone, the matron, was always kind and 
 much beloved. The master was always very courteous, 
 and spoke often to my friends ; he heard afterwards 
 that they were regular attendants at St. Bartholomew's, 
 Moor Lane; and next time he met them, he said, 
 " Well, I always considered myself a High Churchman, 
 but I don't know what to call myself now ; I hear that 
 you have most wonderful ceremonies there ". Com- 
 pared with some of our churches now, it was not much 
 after all. St. Botolph's, Aldersgate; Christ Church, 
 Newgate Street ; St. Anne and St. Agnes ; St. Bartholo- 
 mew the Great, Smithfield, and St. Sepulchre, all had 
 one type of service, with huge pews in which you were 
 buried ; but certainly the splendid organ playing of Mr. 
 Cooper at the latter church, and the singing of his 
 trained charity children, were admirable, and it was 
 also a treat to hear his out-voluntary on Sunday even- 
 ing, to which many would hasten after leaving their 
 own service ; the " Dead March " in " Saul " was a 
 wonder to hear, and his Evening Hymn accompaniment 
 something quite thrilling; it would have thrown 
 out singers less carefully trained. As to St. Thomas's, 
 Charterhouse, though it was somewhat more bright 
 and modern, Mr. Eogers, now Eector of Bishopsgate, 
 was much too busy with the great Golden Lane Ragged 
 and other Schools to give much attention to ritual and 
 Church services ; we are bound to say that his schools 
 
120 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 were a great success for many years. The Square was 
 a favourite residence, and several of the City clergy 
 lived there. One rather famous man may be mentioned 
 here at No. 33, the Rev. Wm. Goode, then Eector 
 of St. Antholin's, one of the fiercest opponents of 
 the Church Movement. He came of a Puritan stock, 
 his father before him having been curate to W. Ro- 
 maine at the church of St. Andrew by the Wardrobe, 
 Blackfriars, to which rectory he succeeded in after 
 years. He was a voluminous writer, and his life was 
 written by this son. Mr. Goode was the Puritan cham- 
 pion, and was then the most, I had almost said the only 
 really learned man among the ultra-Evangelical party ; 
 he was always ready with huge book or pamphlet to do 
 battle against the Tractarian leaders. He wrote on the 
 Baptismal Controversy, replied to Tract XC. on the 
 Real Presence, against Dr. Pusey, Archdeacon Denison, 
 Robert Wilberforce, and others, and maintained the 
 validity of the Scotch and foreign non-Episcopal 
 Churches. In those days the Puritans were patronised, 
 and one good living after another was bestowed upon 
 Mr. Goode. From St. Antholin's he went to All 
 Hallows the Great, Thames Street ; thence to St. Mar- 
 garet's, Lothbury ; and thence to the Deanery of Ripon. 
 Mr. Goode was a familiar figure in the City till 1856. 
 He was of middle height, thin, pale, dark hair, and 
 very lame ; he had always a sad, solemn face, caused 
 perhaps by a great domestic affliction. He seemed to 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 121 
 
 live much alone, and personally had no power or in- 
 fluence. The Charterhouse boys would sometimes say, 
 " What a pity it is that Goode isn't better," — that was 
 their little joke. But Mr. Goode might write and 
 declaim on paper to little avail. The time was at hand 
 when the writings of the Tractarians, the essays, tracts, 
 lectures, hymns, poems, devotional works, etc., were to 
 enter into the daily use and life of the people, to be 
 carried out and put into practice. The exhortations to 
 holiness, to reverence, to devotion and worship and 
 obedience to the Church rules were to be made real — 
 to be lived. The Church, so perfect on paper, in Prayer- 
 book, in canons, and documents, was to become a reality 
 — a daily guide and rule of life : a Catholic revival in 
 books and on paper only would have roused very little 
 opposition ; but such a revival in act and deed through- 
 out the length and breadth of the land was a much 
 more formidable thing in the eyes of the worldly, the 
 careless, and indifferent. 
 
 On the west side of this old City Square lived tlie 
 Eev. W. Denton, who had in 1850 taken the living of 
 St. Bartholomew's, in Moor Lane, a turning about 
 half-way up Eore Street. This was a copy of the old 
 church of St. Bartholomew by the Exchange, one of 
 Wren's churches pulled down to make room for Mr. 
 Tite's Eoyal Exchange. The materials were sold for 
 £483, and a church was built in this, one of the crowded 
 parts of Cripplegate and Moorfields, where a church 
 
122 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 was much needed. The font, pulpit, and all the fine 
 old oak were used, but otherwise the new building was 
 not thought to much resemble the old one. The tomb 
 of Miles Coverdale was transferred to the church of 
 St. Magnus, London Bridge. The new church was 
 completed about 1850 ; and Mr. Denton was the first 
 vicar, an Oxford man, well up in the literature of the 
 Church Movement, a scholar and divine, who in after 
 years wrote valuable commentaries on the Epistles and 
 Gospels, the Lord's Prayer, works on Servia and the 
 Servian Church, etc. Stirring sermons by himself and 
 friends, and frequent services, especially at Advent 
 and Lent, were at once the order of the day ; and 
 though a student and a lover and collector of books, 
 he felt deeply the responsibility of his parish charge, 
 and set himself to bring the Church and the Church's 
 call into the lives of his people. In 1852 he arranged 
 for a series of twenty-three sermons, one for every day 
 in Advent, and they were printed in a volume after- 
 wards. Mr. Denton's few words of introduction will 
 best tell his hopes and object : " Various reasons have 
 led to the printing of this volume ; but chiefly the hope 
 that this attempt to avail ourselves of holy seasons as 
 calls to repentance, and a deeper fulfilment if the 
 duties of practical Christianity, may lead the way to 
 more systematic efforts to evangelise the neglected 
 masses of this metropolis. The shopkeeper is busier as 
 Christmas draws on ; trade and worldly business of all 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 123 
 
 kinds have their seasons of greater gain and intense 
 labours, and must the Church alone stand all day long 
 in the market-place idle, and the houses of God be as 
 closely shut up as heretofore ? " 
 
 Then came words that to us who have seen the hope 
 realised sound almost prophetic : " If the feeble efforts 
 made in one of the poorest and least accessible churches 
 in London have yielded lasting fruit, what, by God's 
 blessing, might not be looked for from the earnest 
 preaching of mercy and repentance in the naves of our 
 two cathedrals ? — what more worthy use of the mother 
 churches of the diocese ? " 
 
 Among the preachers whose sermons were printed 
 in this volume were many of the most renowned men 
 of the Church Movement : Archdeacon Thorpe, Rev. J. 
 Keble, T. W. Perry, W. J. Butler (late Dean of Lin- 
 coln), E. Monro, W. J. Irons, A. B. Evans, J. R. Wood- 
 ford (afterwards Bishop of Ely), Archdeacon Grant, 
 J. M. Rodwell, Rev. the Hon. R. Liddell, W. Scott, R. 
 Milman (afterwards Bishop of Calcutta), H. Newland, 
 H. A. Rawes, James Skinner, etc. 
 
 From this time Mr. Denton, assisted by his curates, 
 made the work of the Church felt throughout his densely- 
 crowded parish, working not only in the church but in 
 the homes and houses of the people, the closely-packed 
 courts that lay from Milton Street to Little Moorfields, 
 chiefly costermongers, shoemakers, canal porters, char- 
 women, and sempstresses, mostly one room to a family ; 
 
124 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 and the improvement, religious and physical, was won- 
 derful. In a few years a parish, part of which once 
 bore so ill a character that, except under necessity, persons 
 carefully avoided it, was in many points quite altered ; 
 so much had been done to remedy the sad state of things. 
 Individuals and families were won from their neglect; 
 drunkenness and brawling were less frequent; habits 
 of cleanliness were encouraged, and the services of the 
 Church fostered reverence and devotion. A good bright 
 choral service, thoroughly suited to the neighbourhood ; 
 all was sensible and straightforward, the music superin- 
 tended with much time and care by the precentor and 
 organist ; the psalms and canticles to Gregorian chants 
 and arrangements; the Communion office to good simple 
 selections from the best Church music compiled and 
 arranged by Helmore, Redhead, and Gauntlett ; the 
 hymns a small selection, one of the many pioneers of 
 HymTis Ancient and Modern. In those days many of 
 the clergy, Dr. Irons, F. H. Murray, Dr. Oldknow, etc., 
 had made selections for their parishes ; these were 
 printed and used by many of their friends. The hymn 
 tunes, too, were from the Church Hymn and Tune 
 Booh — by Eev. W. J. Blew and Dr. Gauntlett — Mr. 
 Eedhead's book of Hymn Tunes, and the Hymnal Noted. 
 The hearty, bright singing of the services and hymns 
 was something to remember. Nor was the care and 
 reverence confined to Sunday. All the saints' day and 
 week-day services and celebrations were given with 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 
 
 125 
 
 equal care in every detail, the occasional offices were all 
 carefully rendered ; the Church was for the people, 
 without money and without price. Especially was 
 this the case with the funerals; if only a curate 
 and the precentor ajid four or six choir boys were 
 available, the funeral service of the poorest person 
 was sung and had every attention and respect paid 
 to it ; this was quite unusual in those days in the 
 City : I forget what it would have cost to have a 
 church opened and the service performed, but it was 
 a considerable sum ; this custom had a good and solemn 
 effect, and was thoroughly appreciated. One very touch- 
 ing funeral took place in 1856, the funeral of a little 
 child, the only daughter of the Vicar. All appearance 
 of gloom was avoided; the altar had its white frontal 
 on, with white flowers in the vases ; the legend round 
 the pall was, "Of such is the kingdom of heaven". 
 The coffin was met at the door by the clergy and 
 choristers ; it was of oak with a raised cross, a purple 
 pall with white fringe, a white cross under the legend. 
 The sentences were to Mr. Redhead's arrangement of 
 Marbeck. After the lesson an introit was sung, and the 
 Holy Communion was celebrated and received by the 
 parents, godparents, nurse, and a few mourners. At the 
 Cemetery, Highgate, the choir and clergy were ready to 
 lead the way to the grave, the coffin being carried on a 
 bier by six choristers. " Man that is born of a woman" 
 was sung to a chant, and " I heard a voice from 
 
126 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 heaven " to Mr. Redhead's arrangement. As the echo 
 of the last Amen died away, the hymn, " Jesus lives ! 
 no longer now can thy terrors, death, appal us," made a 
 bright conclusion to this sacred office. This choir of St. 
 Bartholomew's was well known for many years ; the 
 members all reverent, earnest, hearty workers in the 
 cause of God's worship and honour ; they made it a work 
 of love and religion, and gave of their best. The late 
 Dr. Steere, afterwards Bishop Steere, then a law-student 
 in London, and the Eev. J. T. Fowler, then studying 
 medicine (he is Vice-President of Hatfield Hall, Durham, 
 an excellent churchman, and author and antiquarian of 
 repute), were for some time members of the choir. 
 There was one work of this choir, not a common 
 one, which they on several occasions undertook : a 
 well-known physician in Finsbury Square was laid up, 
 but not by an illness that required great quiet ; on 
 Sunday evening, after church, the choir would sing the 
 canticles, psalms, and a few hymns in the large drawing- 
 room, and the doctor heard them from his room, and 
 much appreciated it. One incident, which occurred in 
 1852, reminds me that this gift of music and singing 
 might be much more used in the rooms and houses of 
 the poor, the sick, and the aged : a well-known hymn or 
 psalm or canticle sung by a district-visitor or lay-helper, 
 would brighten up the long weary day, and cheer many 
 a lingering illness. The incident was this : the Church 
 Movement was spreading far and wide ; from the West 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 127 
 
 Indies, Jamaica, St. Kitts, St. Vincent, and other parts, 
 one heard of much stirring and care for all things be- 
 longing to Divine worship. An aged West Indian 
 gentleman, a Mr. McMahon, had come over to England 
 for an operation to his eyes, and had an introduction 
 to Mr. Masters, and other Church folk in the City; 
 among others who called on him was the precentor of 
 St. Bartholomew's (who was also churchwarden). In 
 the course of their talk, Mr. McMahon, who was aged 
 and feeble as well as blind, said how much he missed 
 the beautiful services to which he had been accustomed. 
 The precentor offered to sing parts of the service to him, 
 then and there, and told me afterwards he never should 
 forget the look of pleasure on the old man's face ; and 
 on that and other visits he sang without any accompani- 
 ment, psalm, Te Deum, or canticle and hymns. He 
 stood all the time; nothing would induce him to sit 
 down whUe the singing was going on, his thin face most 
 expressive of reverence and joy. That was his last 
 illness : he died in a few months, but the same deep 
 reverence was shown to the last; he would drag himself 
 out of his bed to receive the blessed Sacrament kneel- 
 ing. Dr. Bloxam used to tell how in Magdalen College 
 Chapel he would carry the blessed Sacrament down to 
 old President Eouth's stall in his later days, and how 
 he would totter from his stall to receive It in like 
 manner. 
 
 To come back to Moor Lane, the church was before 
 
128 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 long much improved, and the chancel stalls, reredos and 
 panelling, all of the original dark oak, were rearranged 
 in more orthodox plan, the Cross being substituted for 
 flaming urns, etc., under the superintendence of Mr. J. 
 W. Hallam, a young architect, one of the congregation, 
 then living in Charterhouse Square. Mr. Hallam 
 published Monumental Memorials, thirty-three de- 
 signs for churchyard crosses, coped tombstones, mural 
 tablets, etc. : he was for thirty years unable to move 
 about, or he would have been more known, but he 
 worked indefatigably at his profession the whole time ; 
 he died at Scarborough a short time ago. His only son 
 was a scholar of Exeter College, and is now curate of 
 Slough. 
 
 A portrait of Mr. Denton was presented to the 
 parish after his death by Mrs. Denton, and hangs in 
 the vestry. 
 
 Mr. Denton preached a good deal in early days, and 
 from his store of mediaeval and patristic learning, his 
 sermons were always interesting and instructive ; he 
 worked on till the Moorgate Street Eailway swept away 
 a very large portion of the parish, and during his later 
 years he was much taken up with his many theological 
 works, commentaries, histories, etc. In early days 
 several of his curates and helpers were men of some 
 mark ; his neighbours in the City were ever ready to 
 help in celebrations and sermons, among them the Eev. 
 W. H. Milman, Minor Canon of St. Paul's and Rector 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 129 
 
 of St. Augustine and St. Faith ; the Rev. J. A. L. 
 Airey, now Eector of St. Helen's ; and H. Hayman, 
 afterwards headmaster of Rugby School, then assist- 
 ant-master at the Charterhouse School, a learned 
 classical and theological scholar, editor and author — he 
 did write some lighter works, which are not probably 
 remembered now. He was preaching one night at 
 St. Bartholomew's, and seemed a little hesitating and 
 confused at the beginning of his sermon ; on the way 
 home the churchwarden asked what was the matter. 
 "Matter enough," said Mr. Hayman; "you would 
 have felt a little nervous if, on getting up into the 
 pulpit, you had seen your old headmaster in the seat 
 right under you, and looking up at you, reminding you 
 of tasks and floggings." It was Dr. Deane, of Mer- 
 chant Taylors, who at times came to the service. Later 
 on Canon Liddon was a good friend and help (he was 
 godfather to one of the vicar's boys). On the occasion 
 of the secession of two of the curates. Canon Liddon 
 came and preached and reassured many ; and I think 
 scarcely any of the regular congregation followed the 
 curates' step. His sermon on " Our conversation is in 
 heaven," at that time, was, I think, printed in one of 
 his volumes. 
 
 The secessions to Rome were of course one great trial 
 and drawback to the movement ; they were no novelty, 
 as such happened here and there during the Great 
 Rebellion, and from time to time after the outward 
 
 9 
 
I30 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 visible union with the See of Eome was broken : 
 the point to remember and insist upon is this, that, 
 compared with the extent of the fifty years' influ- 
 ence, teaching, literature, devotion, and new spiritual 
 life of the Church Movement, the secessions to Eome 
 were but as a drop in the ocean. 
 
 One of the earliest curates at St. Bartholomew's was 
 Charles Eobins, son of the Eev. Sanderson Eobins, a 
 popular evangelical preacher in a large chapel at St. 
 John's Wood ; he was a very fluent extempore preacher, 
 and afterwards took charge of the Mission Chapel in 
 Clare Market. 
 
 About the middle of 1852 a young, fair, ascetic- 
 looking man might be seen preaching one Sunday even- 
 ing in the pulpit of St. Botolph's, Aldgate ; there was no 
 mistake about his energy and enthusiasm, he preached 
 from a written sermon on the Golden Image of Nebu- 
 chadnezzar, and applied the lesson to the worship of 
 money as a caution to many City men ; it was after- 
 wards published — this young preacher was the Eev. H. 
 A. Eawes, curate to Mr. Baker, the rector; he was 
 rather a striking figure with his new M.A. gown, Cam- 
 tridge hood, crape bands, and deep crape cuffs to his 
 cassock sleeves ; he was in mourning for the young 
 lady to whom he had been engaged to be married, and 
 a very different course of life was now before him, 
 though for some years he regularly visited her grave 
 with flowers. He became curate to Mr. Denton, and 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 131 
 
 worked vigorously on the lines of the movement for 
 some years, acquiring some fame as a preacher, and 
 favour as a parish priest, and was somewhat of a poet 
 as well, rather eccentric and excitable. He became 
 Warden of the House of Charity, Soho, where I have 
 already spoken of him. 
 
 One Sunday evening later on, the vicar on the way 
 to church came across his churchwarden with two young 
 clergymen, both fair and tall, one fairly stout and the 
 other thin, and both in rough serge cassocks down to 
 their feet. Folks were not then much accustomed to such 
 visions in the streets of the City, and the new visitors 
 attracted some attention. These were Henry and Richard 
 Collins, brothers of Thomas Collins, M.P. for Knares- 
 borough and Boston, and sons of the Eev. Thomas 
 Collins, of Knaresborough. For a while they both 
 helped in the parish, and very able men they were. 
 Eichard remained some time as curate, and afterwards 
 became Vicar of St. Saviour's, Leeds, where he died. 
 Henry joined a monastic order after working for a 
 short time at St. George's-in-the-East. At first, on 
 their coming from Cornwall, they were not over-careful 
 as to toilet and dress ; but London helped to mend that, 
 though a friend told me that he met Henry a few 
 years after, looking much more like a farmer than a 
 monk, with a large cotton umbrella and a bundle over 
 his shoulder. We will not forget that to him we owe 
 those two beautiful hymns we so often sing, " Jesu 
 
132 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 meek and lowly," and " Jesu my Lord, my God, my 
 all ". With these two there came to St. Bartholomew's 
 the knowledge of the Eev. Eobert Aitken, father of the 
 well-known missionary preacher, Vicar of Pendeen, in 
 Cornwall; how in addition to the doctrines of the 
 movement, with a considerable amount of ritual, he 
 taught something like the Wesleyan view of sensible 
 personal conversion. This Mr. Aitken, a fine, hand- 
 some man of middle age and portly presence, came to 
 St. Bartholomew's, and held a mission, urging on us 
 the fact that we were many of us unconverted. Mr. 
 Aitken was certainly a most gifted preacher ; few could 
 at all compare with him for arousing a multitude. The 
 secession to Eome of several who had been attracted 
 by his earnest preaching tended, perhaps, in his later 
 years, to a revulsion against the revival of Catholic 
 truth. His views much impressed both Mr. Collins, 
 and also one of the curates, the Eev. W. E. Brownlow. 
 About this time there were open-air services in some 
 of the courts around Moor Lane, the choir in cassocks 
 and surplices, with cross ; hymns and short stirring 
 sermons. The well-known scholar, Henry Nutcombe 
 Oxenham, was for some time curate ; he had been, as a 
 deacon, helping, I think, Mr. Monro, at Harrow Weald, 
 and worked with Mr. Denton for some while, and 
 was there ordained priest by the Bishop of London. It 
 was said that this ordination he never would declare 
 invalid; and so, though nominally a Eoman Catholic, 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 133 
 
 he never was very obedient or submissive, and certainly 
 his new friends in religion never found him work to do ; 
 but at St. Bartholomew's he was really one of the most 
 brilliant speakers and preachers, and would surely have 
 attained fame in that way ; his slight, elegant figure, 
 very dark complexion and handsome features helped 
 to make him attractive. He would preach excellent 
 sermons with no longer notice than this : just when all 
 were ready to go in, the vicar would say, " I don't feel 
 quite well ; will you preach, Oxenham ? " He might make 
 a few notes while the precentor was reading the lessons, 
 and that was all. His enthusiasm for Eome was not last- 
 ing, though at first he would drive those he could not lead 
 there ; and one he had so driven told me that on arriving 
 at Clapham to be received, he was as nearly as possible 
 running away, instead of ringing the bell. His friend. 
 Dr. F. G. Lee, then a young man living in London, and 
 much interested in all Church literature, was a helper 
 and preacher at St. Bartholomew's, and a very good 
 extempore preacher : he became a most industrious 
 writer and editor in Church history and lore. 
 
 The career of one of the curates is worth more than a 
 few short words. This was James Marshall, an Exeter 
 College man, a very earnest and energetic curate in 
 every way. A good musician and preacher too ; with 
 dark hair and bright dark eyes, he was one of the best 
 workers, and was much beloved throughout the parish. 
 He was the son of the Eev. James Marshall, Vicar of 
 
134 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 Christ Church, Clifton, a great leader among the early 
 Evangelicals, and his mother was a daughter of Leigh 
 Eichmond, also a famous writer and preacher of the 
 same school. To be brought up in an extreme school of 
 the kind was not often a success ; and, of course, Mr. 
 Marshall was a High Churchman when he came to St. 
 Bartholomew's. He had but one arm, the other having 
 been shot off by accident when he was a lad. So able 
 was he to do everything with one arm, that at dinner and 
 all meals no notice whatever was taken or difference 
 made ; but the question of a clergyman with one arm 
 was a serious one, and it must have been in very lax 
 times indeed that a Bishop of the Church of England 
 would ordain a man with one arm: certainly, Archbishop 
 Laud, who refused ordination to, I think, Shirley the 
 poet and playwriter on account of a disfiguring mole on 
 his face, would not have done so. The celebration of 
 the Holy Communion was the chief difficulty, but 
 he was seldom alone at St. Bartholomew's; and if by 
 chance he was so at an early Communion, the precentor, 
 in cassock and surplice, carried the paten by his side 
 along the chancel rail. "We may say that certainly Mr. 
 Marshall should not have been ordained, and after his 
 secession to the Church of Eome he had to give up all 
 idea of it ; so, after a short time of choir and other work 
 at Bayswater, he proceeded to the Bar, and during the war 
 with King Koffee was judge on that West Coast of Africa, 
 signing despatches that appeared in the Times. After 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 135 
 
 some years of service in that very trying climate he re- 
 turned home, and was knighted, doing some political and 
 colonial work till his death a very few years ago. Few 
 people knew that Sir James Marshall was once a curate 
 in an obscure City church. Mr. Lyne (Father Ignatius) 
 was for some time a curate there. There are a few other 
 names to be recorded. 
 
 Charles Lyford, an Oxford man of Oriel College, where 
 Lord Blatchford, Edward Monro, and Gathorne Hardy, 
 were his contemporaries. Dr. Bloxam of Upper Beeding, 
 Sussex, who had been Newman's curate at Littlemore, 
 was always glad to show and tell many things connected 
 with those early days ; among other things he had a 
 " round robin " with those four names to it, addressed to 
 Newman when Bursar of Oriel, about the dinners in Hall. 
 Mr. Lyford had been curate to Dr. Mountain at 
 Hemel Hempstead, and afterwards at St. Barnabas, 
 Pimlico, and was one of the most hard-working. He 
 was a specimen of the ever-cheerful, kind, helpful 
 parson, most active and energetic, at home with 
 people of his own standing, and just as much so in 
 the poorest woman's room or cottage, and ready to help 
 in the most practical way. Nothing put him out, and 
 he enjoyed a good laugh right heartily. He took 
 charge for some years of the daily Litany at one o'clock 
 at St. Ethelburga's Church, Bishopsgate Street, in con- 
 junction with the churchwarden and precentor of St. 
 Bartholomew's, Mr. Spenser Nottingham, Canon Bristow 
 
136 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 (then a layman in the City), and a few others ; only 
 once, I thiuk, he was away, and then by direction of the 
 vicar, the Eev. J. M. Eodwell, the precentor sang the 
 Litany up to the Lord's Prayer. Mr. Lyford left St. 
 Ijartholomew's to help the Eev. T. Simpson Evans, rector 
 of St. Leonard's, Shorediteh, and was first incumbent of 
 St. Michael's in that parish, where he was succeeded by 
 Mr. Nihill, his curate. Mr. Baird, afterwards of Homer- 
 ton, and Mr. Philip Sankey were some time curates : also, 
 the Eev. Christopher Thompson, well known for his 
 Church music, and now Vicar of Pensax, in Worcester- 
 shire ; he was ever a kind helper and friend to the 
 Eev. E. W. Enraght, at Bordesley, during his 
 incumbency and troublous times. 
 
 Mr. Martin, an early churchwarden of the parish, 
 emigrated with all his family to New Zealand, and per- 
 haps carried there many recollections of his City parish 
 and the services they so appreciated. Among the con- 
 gregation and kind helpers one should record the names 
 of Mrs. Kingdon (mother of Bishop Kingdon), wife of 
 Dr. Kingdon, of New Bank Buildings ; Miss Eees, sister 
 of Dr. Eees, of Finsbury Square ; the Misses Tidmau and 
 their two brothers ; Mr. and Mrs. Lias, and their children 
 (among them the present Professor J. J. Lias) ; and Miss 
 Townsend, of Suffolk Lane, now Sister Zilla, of East 
 Grinstead and Newport Market Eefuge Mission fame ; 
 the Misses Beale, and their brothers, the younger of 
 whom has a history that is pathetic. E. H. Beale was 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 137 
 
 educated at Merchant Taylors' School and St. John's 
 College, Oxford, and was ordained deacon, December, 
 1869, and was Curate of Warminster. Owing to a 
 partial paralysis from his earliest years, he never took 
 priest's orders ; his time was given up to the services, 
 teaching, parish work, and missionary administration. 
 In 1877 he went to India, and spent the rest of his life 
 in loving and untiring devotion to the Church in "Western 
 India. His death was recorded a few months ago. And 
 last, but by no means least, I would record Mrs. Denton's 
 many years of untiring work in the parish ; the kind 
 friend, helper, and adviser of all, especially of those 
 in need or trouble. 
 
CHAPTEE VI. 
 
 The account of the work at St. Bartholomew's, Moor 
 Lane, given in the last chapter, would hardly be complete 
 without a word about the very wonderful amount of 
 unfavourable notice accorded to it in the papers: all 
 was described with the most extraordinary inaccuracy. 
 Reporters were sent to the services to take notes, who 
 had evidently never attended a church in their lives, 
 and the singular things they saw and recorded were 
 almost beyond belief. The Oxford M.A. hoods were 
 described thus : " Some of the clergy were robed in red 
 and black slashings," and so on, through various parts 
 of the service. It was in the Vestry of St. Michael's, 
 Shoreditch, that coloured stoles were first called " rib- 
 bons," a term of contempt still used by a few who seem 
 to think there is some law, human or divine, that all 
 such vestments should be perpetually black. Why 
 black ? Such worthy folk, who are to be found often 
 quoting the Bible, might find little sanction for their 
 gloomy preference in the beautiful account of the colours 
 ordered to be worn in Divine Service in the Book of 
 Exodus. The presence of many clergy and laymen, 
 
 hearty workers in the movement, in this part of the 
 (138) 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 139 
 
 City was much due to the fact that Mr. Masters' pub- 
 lishing and printing works were in Aldersgate Street 
 and the far-famed Bartholomew Close. The chief 
 editors and writers in the cause were constant visitors 
 in Aldersgate Street with MSS. copy, revised proofs, 
 etc. ; Mr. Brett, from Stoke Newington, having studied 
 proofs in his brougham as he drove along ; Mr. Cham- 
 berlain, from Oxford ; Mr. Monro, from Harrow Weald ; 
 Mr. Heygate, from Southend ; Dr. Irons, from Brompton ; 
 Dr. Neale, from East Griustead ; and a host of others. 
 
 One name, the Kev. W. B. Flower, I may mention 
 here, as he was close by, a junior classical master in 
 Christ's Hospital, when Mr. Collinwood was senior ; he 
 was also Curate of St. James's, Enfield Highway, to the 
 Eev. J. Fuller Russell, and some time at Crawley, in 
 Sussex. He was a bright scholar and preacher, and 
 being so near Aldersgate Street, assisted in much of 
 the literary work there. He wrote and edited several 
 works: among others, Tales of Faith and Providence 
 and Classical Tales. He was also first editor of the 
 Churchman's Companion, till 1858, when he became 
 Chaplain at Baden-Baden ; he was succeeded in the 
 editorship by Mr. Masters' partner till 1863, when the 
 office was taken by the author of the Divine Master, and 
 other works. Mr. Flower, for a short time, helped 
 Mr. Purchas when he first took St. James's, Brighton. 
 
 Mention should be made of the Parish Church of St. 
 Leonard's, Shoreditch, a large classical building on the 
 
140 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 site of the old church, designed by Dance, about 1736. 
 In its early days the church was famous for its register 
 of renowned players and their children. The rector at 
 the time we are speaking of, was the Eev. T. Simpson 
 Evans, M.A., son of a rather famous astronomer and 
 mathematician. Mr. Evans was much beloved, and was 
 in every way the model of an English parish priest of 
 the very best kind, and had some excellent men as 
 curates ; he encountered fierce opposition in the few 
 ritual improvements he made ; he had a fund of infor- 
 mation about the Churchmen of the preceding century ; 
 edited the life of Bishop Frampton, the non-juror, and 
 had made valuable historical and biographical notes 
 relative to a series of orthodox Catholic divines and 
 laymen in the Church of England, during the unfavour- 
 able times of the four Georges — from Sherlock, 
 Sparkes, Sutton, SpinckeS, Nelson, down to Joshua 
 Watson, Sikes of Guisborough, Bishop Middleton, 
 Boodle, Joseph Whiteley of Beeston, Sawbridge of 
 Stretton-on-Dunsmuir, Van Mildert, and H. H. Norris. 
 The latter, a most active member of the orthodox 
 Church societies, wrote to a friend : "I want to see a 
 centre formed, to which all zealously affected Churchmen 
 may resort, and counterplot the numerous and most 
 subtle devices against our very existence, which every 
 day is bringing to light". Such men were forerunners 
 of the Church Movement ; and Mr. Simpson Evans was 
 a follower of those men, whose work fitted in well with 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 141 
 
 the progress of the Tractarian Movement. Mr. Evans 
 lived on Stoke Newington Common, and his wife and 
 children were often among the worshippers at St. Mat- 
 thias, Stoke Newington. 
 
 Making our way along the Kingsland Road and through 
 the then green lanes to the west of it, we come to this 
 church of St. Matthias, for many years a most power- 
 ful centre of work ; it is not inappropriate to mention 
 it here, as a larger number of City merchants and men 
 of business were attached to that church, its work and 
 services, than to any other suburban church. Mr. 
 Butterfield was the architect of it, and a great friend of 
 its founder, and ever took the deepest interest in its 
 early work and trials connected with the secession of its 
 first vicar. At that trying time Mr. Butterfield once 
 asked a young friend of his just in deacon's orders to come 
 and help, which he did for six weeks. His first sermon 
 in London was on St. James's Day, at St. Matthias, and 
 he was rather nervous, but consoled himself with the 
 thought that on a week-day evening in July there would 
 not be a critical audience. Alas ! in the choir were T. 
 S. Evans and A. B. Evans, and there was a numerous 
 congregation. The beautiful church of St. Matthias owed 
 its origin and completion entirely to the splendid zeal 
 and untiring energy of one famous layman, Robert Brett, 
 a surgeon, living in a house on Stoke Newington Green, 
 next door to the old Unitarian Chapel there. Here 
 with his wife and children, who were also hearty in the 
 
142 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 work, he lived in a most simple quiet way ; working at 
 his profession (having no carriage for some years, till a 
 few friends insisted on presenting him with a brougham). 
 He might well be called the Robert Nelson of his day; 
 the Church's work and needs were ever deeply in his 
 heart, and his influence with all the busy City men 
 and merchants was wonderfully shown in the many 
 goodly churches that arose one after another in the 
 neighbourhood : Haggerston, Shoreditch, Hackney, 
 Clapton, etc., etc. At first a vestry was called to pre- 
 vent St. Matthias being buUt. " You see, sir, the vestry 
 are unanimous against you." His reply was, "The 
 work will be done ". While the funds for St. Matthias 
 were being gathered and the church was building, a 
 very beautiful choral service was carried on for j^ears, 
 in the schoolrooms, where on Sundays there never was 
 room for one additional chair. The brightness and 
 heartiness were to be seen and felt rather than de- 
 scribed ; and when the large noble church was finished 
 and ready for consecration, many a lingering look. of 
 affection to the old schoolroom was given in passing. 
 The services in the new church, with the late Mr. W. 
 H. Monk as organist, Mr. W. Ardley as assistant, Mr. 
 Spenser Nottingham as precentor, and Mr. Scott the 
 schoolmaster, were as grand and effective as devoted 
 care and talent and skill could make them ; all was 
 exact and reverent, even to the practices, and compared 
 with the frequent careless and perfunctory exercises 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 143 
 
 called choir practices, those at St. Matthias were 
 models indeed ; nothing was slurred over or hurried, 
 and no boy or member dared to appear for practice in 
 the stalls without his cassock. The music was from 
 ihe purest Gregorian sources, and the large choir gave 
 effect to the ancient music with a body of voice that 
 would compare well with some of the famous choirs on 
 the continent. Some of the congregation did not all 
 at once care for so severe a style of service, but the 
 beauty and perfection soon overcame that feeling with 
 most people. One visitor came who had quite a pre- 
 judice against Gregorian music, and after the service a 
 friend asked him his opinion. "Well," he replied, "you 
 know I never did care much for Gregorians, but they 
 were so exquisitely done that I have not a word to say 
 against them." Certainly the whole service was ren- 
 dered with a care and completeness that no church in 
 England could then compare with ; it was a privilege 
 to live near such a church, and to know and see con- 
 stantly the churchwarden and founder, whose noble 
 presence and handsome countenance as he stood at the 
 west end of the church, is to many, even now, a vivid 
 memory. In his work as a medical man he was ever 
 kind, sympathising, and skilful ; his presence in a sick 
 room was a very bright one, and what he was to 
 invalids through long and trying illnesses, is known 
 perhaps only or chiefly where sickness and death are no 
 more. "With children he was especially kind and help- 
 
144 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 f ul, and was much beloved by them ; he had his own 
 pet names by which he always remembered some of 
 them ; for a long time in writing to a friend of mine he 
 would remember his favourite names for the children, 
 and sent his love to Fair Esther, Saint Cecilia, Loza, 
 Pickle, Georgey, and Tom Tucker. Yet with all his 
 professional work he found time to write, compile, and 
 edit a great many devotional and practical works, most 
 of which were widely used and valued. There is only 
 space to mention a few of these books: Devotions for 
 the Sick Room, Companion for the Sick Boom, Doctrine 
 of the Gross, illustrated in a memorial of a humble 
 follower of Christ (one of his Stoke Newington patients), 
 Instructions, Prayers, and Aspirations for afflicted 
 Christians, Manual of Devotion for Schoolboys, Pocket 
 Manual of Prayers, Simple Prayers for Little Children, 
 Reflections, Meditations, and Prayers, with Harmony on 
 the Life of Our Lord, Churchman's Guide to Faith and 
 Piety, etc. On all his books he put " By the Author 
 of Devotions for the Sick Room, etc. " ; his name was 
 never on the title-page. It would be dif&cult to tell of 
 half the active work for the Church in the' way of 
 councils, committees, guilds, penitentiaries, orphanages, 
 and sisterhoods in which Mr. Brett for many years took 
 a real part. He was a staunch Church of England 
 man, and in the troubles about secessions he took a 
 firm stand. I quote from one of his letters : " It is 
 worse than useless to make any advances towards 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 145 
 
 unity so long as Eomanists apply the most abusive 
 and calumnious epithets to the church of which we are 
 members. Could any man of right feeling court the 
 friendship of another who on all occasions vilified his 
 natural mother as an adulteress, a blasphemer, and 
 lying deceiver ? How, then, can we endure all this 
 against our spiritual mother if we have a single spark 
 of catholic principle or love within us ? " He had no 
 sympathy with such converts as were evidently only 
 too glad to get rid of the burden of their orders, and 
 wrote witty invitations with a P.S. : " I am always at 
 home on a Sunday, especially during the hours of Divine 
 service;" or with those who a few weeks after they 
 were with us ministering as priests, were dressing for 
 the opera, or standing up to dance at a ball for the first 
 time in their life, to prove that they were mere lay- 
 men ; or, worse still, would within a short time of leav- 
 ing the Church pretend to forget the catholic origin and 
 detail of the liturgy of the Church of England, which 
 they had used for years. Nor again with those who 
 within two or three years of ' their secession wrote as if 
 they were authorised to speak for the whole Western 
 Church; "we maintain," "our contention is," "we 
 quite understand," and that on subjects never even 
 definitely pronounced upon by that Church. With such 
 as these Mr. Brett could be severe. He could also 
 be severe on the other side. The following passages 
 
 are from a letter to a well-known Evangelical 
 
 10 
 
146 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 clergyman, written some years before the riots, pro- 
 secutions, and persecutions that followed some time 
 after. Parts of it were almost prophetic. 
 
 "Eev. Sik, — I read with sorrow and anguish of 
 mind the misstatements and misrepresentations of the 
 doctrines, principles, practices, and designs of those 
 called ' Anglo-Catholics '. I ask, is the fearful struggle 
 so near at hand, that every soul holding Anglo- Catholic 
 opinions is to be hunted like a partridge on the moun- 
 tains ? There is one point in your sermon which must 
 arouse every layman who has a heart to love his Saviour 
 and his Church ; I allude to the exhortation to every 
 ' Christian man ' to divide the Church and scatter the 
 seeds of disunion through the land. "What! are the 
 sanctuaries of God to be desecrated by the unhallowed 
 intrusion of spies and reckless agitators, entering, not to 
 pray, but to scrutinise and contemn the clergy who are 
 faithfully and laboriously ministering to their flocks ? 
 Oh, sad and fearful struggle, parents and children 
 thwarted in the best and holiest plans ! Pastors wearied 
 and broken-hearted by opposition and disunion ! You, 
 reverend sir, have sounded this trumpet of war, and 
 there are hundreds who will come to its call ; but who 
 will they be ? Not men, mild, gentlemanly. Christian, 
 like yourself; but ignorant, fiery religious partisans, 
 whose happiness it would be to bring every Anglo- 
 Catholic to misery or exile. Can it be right in you to 
 stir up such men to go through the length and breadth 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 147 
 
 of the Church to sit in judgment on her clergy ? By 
 all that is holy and true, by the love and compassion of 
 the Saviour, by whatever is lovely, peaceable and sacred, 
 I would respectfully entreat you to reconsider and re- 
 call what you have said. If this cannot be, if the 
 struggle must go on, then ' God's will be done'. If I 
 have inadvertently expressed myself in an unchristian 
 or uncourteous manner, I humbly ask pardon. Yours, 
 etc." 
 
 On his death, in 1874, he was mourned by church- 
 men far and wide, and his funeral on the 7th of Febru- 
 ary was indeed remarkable ; after the service and cele- 
 bration in the church, thousands followed to the grave, 
 and testified to their deep sense of a great loss, and the 
 value to the Church of such a holy and beautiful 
 character. One can only recall the names of a few of 
 Mr. Brett's friends and fellow-workers, and in most in- 
 stances these names will include families of sons and 
 daughters : Beck, Porter, Hall, Hazard, Unwin, Dickin- 
 son, Charrington, Bodley, E. Forster, Butterfield, Mack- 
 reth, Tritton, Parnell, Heathfield, Nottingham, Caffin, 
 Brooks, EUiott, Hoole, Knight, B. E. B., and many 
 more; from one such centre as this, we can measure 
 how the movement grew and spread, for at the present 
 day many of the sons and daughters of Mr. Brett's 
 friends are doing the same work and living the life 
 of the higher principles learned from such men, handed 
 on from time to time. 
 
148 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 It was a great loss when the Eev. S. W. Mangin 
 retired from the post of vicar, after four years of the 
 early struggles and trials of the new church. Mr. Le 
 Geyt then carried on the work for some years. The 
 story is told that, on the occasion of the opening of 
 Cuddesden College, one of the gushing and enthusiastic 
 students rushed into Oxford the day before, declaring 
 that the whole thing was spoiled and must be a miser- 
 able failure, as one of the clergymen selected for the 
 honour of singing the Litany on the festive occasion 
 was not only married but wore whiskers ! This was 
 Mr. Le Geyt ; his wife was a Miss Monro : there was 
 one consolation, he certainly could, and did, sing exceed- 
 ingly well. The other singer was Mr. Huntingford, of 
 Littlemore. Of the curates, the names of Smyttan, 
 Doran, Pantin, etc., recall good work and teaching. The 
 series of special Lent and Advent sermons were of no 
 ordinary kind ; those by Mr. Skinner, Mr. Gutch, and 
 well-esteemed preachers were attended by large congre- 
 gations. Dr. Neale, too, preached there : once an 
 extempore sermon of great power. One other sermon, 
 also extempore, was of a kind to make one wonder how 
 it was given — it was on an Old Testament subject, and 
 the long names of places and titles abounded through- 
 out the whole sermon, and the preacher was the Eev. 
 Thos. Chamberlain, late of St. Thomas's, Oxford. The 
 carol singing by the splendid choir, well and most 
 carefully done, was simply charming. The First Nowell 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 149 
 
 was just published, and a friend describes the effect of it 
 when sung under his window on Christmas morn as most 
 thrilling and effective. While in this neighbourhood 
 the valuable pioneering work done by the Eev. John 
 Eoss, at St. Mary's, Haggerstone, must be especially 
 recorded. Ere long, by Mr. Jacomb, Mr. E. Foster, and 
 others, many churches were built in North-East London, 
 the latter giving his own residence at Clapton for the first 
 Suffragan Bishop of London. It is happiness to record 
 that although for a time the Church work seemed failing 
 at St. Matthias, it is now in all essentials revived and well 
 carried on by the Eev. E. Caudwell, the present vicar, 
 son-in-law of the late Eev. Eobert Aitken. 
 
 But we have wandered far away from the City and 
 from those churches where a brighter and better state 
 of things was soon to take the place of the dreary 
 empty City church described in some popular novels 
 and tales. The Golden Lectures at St. Margaret, Loth- 
 bury, when given by Henry Melvill, Daniel Moore, and 
 such e?:cellent preachers, were well attended by busy 
 City men. 
 
 At St. Augustine and St. Faith, where the Eev. W. H. 
 Milman, minor canon, etc., was rector, there were weekly 
 and saint-day celebrations. 
 
 From 1857 to 1873 the Eev. Morgan Cowie, now 
 Dean of Exeter, held the Church of St. Lawrence Jewry, 
 the large church by Guildhall (with the gridiron, the 
 emblem of the saint's martyrdom, as vane on the steeple), 
 
I50 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 and proved, most surely, that City churches need not be 
 empty. After its rearrangement and decoration in 1867, 
 under Sir A. W. Blomfield, no finer church of its kind 
 could be found ; and the grand choral service, carried on 
 by the old choir of St. Philip, Clerkenwell, with careful 
 ritual, was fully in accord with the building. These, with 
 bright, telling sermons, brought a large attendance, and 
 much good work was the result in many ways. What 
 a contrast to the state in which I saw the church many 
 years before, when Eobert Montgomery, then of Glasgow, 
 was preaching! The church was filled by a not very 
 orderly mob, who clambered over the gallery pews, and 
 broke some of the woodwork. Talking of vanes sym- 
 bolical, reminds me of one curious case : when the 
 church of St. Mildred, Poultry, was standing, in my 
 early days, the vane on the steeple was half a ship, in 
 accordance with the legend that the ship in which St. 
 Mildred came over was broken in two by the waves, 
 and she came safely to land in one-half ! On repairing 
 the vane more recently the enlightened churchwardens 
 replaced it by a whole ship. 
 
 I may name another instance where a good service 
 and work has for many years made its way, and in a 
 church in a much less prominent position than St. Law- 
 rence, — I mean the church of St. Clement, Eastcheap, 
 under Minor Canon Hall (son of the Eev. W. J. Hall, 
 whose Mitre Hymnal is still remembered). Here, with a 
 good choral service well rendered, and weekly com- 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 151 
 
 iiiunion, there is always an excellent congregation. In 
 the old church of this parish, Bishop Pearson delivered 
 his famous lectures on the Creed. 
 
 This may be the place to mention another City church 
 where trouble arose after the removal of Dr. Cowie to 
 the Deanery of Exeter; the new rector of St. Lawrence 
 Jewry was making fresh plans, and the choir had a 
 fresh post of work to seek ; the Eev. Thomas Pelham 
 Dale, who had been some years Eector of St. Vedast's, 
 Foster Lane, gladly welcomed them to his church ; and, 
 naturally, a more ornate service, with better music and 
 ritual, was the result. Mr. Dale, a quiet scholar, and 
 learned in science and art, gave himself heartily to the 
 work. They had, however, to reckon with the opposing 
 churchwardens and vestry of the double parish of St. 
 Vedast and St. Michael le Querne, who actually assisted 
 the Church Association to prosecute their rector, and 
 paid over a sum from the parish fund to that association. 
 Mr. Dale was harassed and persecuted for a long time, 
 holding out against such powerful odds, but was at last 
 imprisoned in HoUoway (Gl-aol. He was the son of 
 Canon Dale, the Dean of Eochester of whom I have 
 spoken in some early pages, and was much esteemed by 
 many of the best clergy of the day, who gave him much 
 kindness and support in his trouble. The story has 
 been told in a quiet and pathetic way in his daughter's 
 publication of his Letters. This St. Vedast's, just at the 
 back of the Post Office, was one of the City churches 
 
152 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 where the daily service was continued in the eighteenth 
 century — a record of these daily services was published 
 in a small book called Pietas Zondinensis- On the 
 steps of this church occurred the little incident of 
 Mr. Sikes of Guisborough and William Stevens meet- 
 ing, they being almost the only attendants at week-day 
 service; and William Stevens jokingly said, "Never 
 mind, if you will not tell of me I will not tell of you ". 
 Stevens was a kinsman of Bishop Home, and one of 
 those churchmen in whom was found a spirit of deep 
 primitive piety throughout the eighteenth century. 
 
 It has been to some a matter of surprise that men 
 like Mr. Cowie at St. Lawrence, and his very able neigh- 
 bour, Mr. Scott at St. Olave, formerly of Hoxton, 
 should have made no great move ; Dean Cowie's ex- 
 planation was that " from the time of the Eevolution, 
 the City has been the stronghold of Puritanism ". 
 
 We must not forget to record Mr. Fish's work at St. 
 Margaret Pattens, which he bravely carried on, though 
 on the day that the Public Worship Eegulation Act 
 came into force his vestry passed a resolution to prose- 
 cute him under its provisions ; nor Mr. Benham's 
 at St. Edmund the King and Martyr, where the good 
 work had been long carried on by Mr. Hill ; he got the 
 church restored, and with his son gathered a good con- 
 gregation. Father Ignatius preached there in his time. 
 
 At All Saints, Bishopsgate, the Eev. Thomas Hugo, a 
 man learned in antiquity and art, much raised the whole 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 153 
 
 tone of the service, and brought things to a still higher 
 standard while at West Hackney. 
 
 Somewhat further on we come to St. Peter's, Stepney, 
 then under Mr. (late Canon) Eowsell, where for some 
 years were frequent services and celebrations, carried 
 out on the lines of the Church Movement ; Mr. Eowsell 
 preached from the altar steps the sermon at the opening 
 of Mr. Lowder's Chapel in Old Gravel Lane. His pre- 
 decessor was the Eev. Thomas Jackson, who became the 
 head of St. Mark's College, Battersea ; it is said that on 
 his first appearance in the pulpit of St. Peter's in a sur- 
 plice, the whole congregation rose en masse and left ! 
 
 The old Parish Church of Stepney, under Mr. Lee, 
 was then taking part in the general increase of outward 
 reverence and order. At St. Philip's, under Mr. Heath- 
 cote Brooks, there was a good choral service early in 
 the forties. And in one of the divisions of this large 
 parish a work was being done, and events occurring, 
 which had much more than merely local results. The 
 Eev. Bryan King, M.A., of Brasenose College, Oxford, in- 
 cumbent of St. John's, Bethnal Green, became rector in 
 1842 of St. George's-in-the-East, a very large parish, 
 through which ran the notorious Eatcliff Highway, 
 teeming with sailors from every country, the street laid 
 out, as it were, for the reception, entertainment, and 
 amusement of sailors, filled with boarding-houses, cheap 
 shops, and all the attendants of a seafaring population. 
 It has been said that a full volume would not suffice to 
 
154 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 write the records of crime and misery to be found in this 
 place. No wonder that years of work by one or two 
 clergy in such a parish would only serve to show that 
 some special and extraordinary work and energy, some 
 body of men who would give up everything to raise the 
 men and women of that parish out of the depths of 
 wretchedness and degradation, were needed. So about 
 1856 Mr. King invited some clergymen into his parish 
 to establish a mission there, to act as missionaries, and 
 be licensed as curates. The story has been told in very 
 touching and thrilling words in the Life of Charles 
 Lowder ; how he, with Mr. Mackonochie and others, 
 went to live in the very midst of all the sin and misery 
 with which they were so long to contend. There it is 
 recorded how they began to work against the recklessness 
 of vice, the unblushing effrontery with which it was 
 carried on when the lowest of every country combined 
 to add their quota to the already overflowing stock, 
 where the children even were taught early to thieve, to 
 swear, to be bold and immoral in their manners and 
 talk ; how they lived first in an old house in Calvert 
 Street, now divided into two houses, one for the clergy 
 and one for the sisters. In that house they opened a 
 room, licensed by the bishop, for daily prayer and 
 frequent preaching ; here they gathered a congregation 
 (this room is now used as the sisters' oratory). Then a 
 choir was formed ; and in 1856 the Iron Chapel of 
 the Good Shepherd, where they had daily Communion 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 155 
 
 from the first, and a band or guild of communicants. 
 Confirmation and Bible classes. Then came woman's 
 help, schools, and visiting, bringing children to baptism. 
 Then in 1857 Dr. ISTeale's sister began a sisterhood; then 
 another mission, with the old Danish church in Well- 
 close Square as its centre. Bishop Tait took kind and 
 active interest in all this work. Mr. Eowley, who was 
 afterwards ordained, and went with Bishop Mackenzie 
 to Africa, took charge of the boys' school in Old Gravel 
 Lane ; the sisters taught the girls. Then for penitents 
 in 1858, a home, far from the scene of their degrada- 
 tion, was taken at Sutton in Surrey. Then an indus- 
 trial school for girls, to rescue many from the perils 
 in their own home ; for them a buUding at Hendon was 
 taken, with laundry, kitchen, nursery, chapel, chaplain's 
 room, sisters' room, and dormitories. In January, 1857, 
 Mr. Mackonochie joined the mission, stirred by the 
 sight of the brave soldier, Charles Lowder. Thus they 
 worked on, winning souls to Christ in true repentance, 
 in the faith of the Church, and in the duties of the 
 Christian life. Happily, neither Mr. Mackonochie nor 
 Mr. Lowder knew what fear was, either of mob, riots, 
 or violence. 
 
 So, after fifteen years of honest but almost hopeless 
 work, Mr. King had all this fresh strength joined to 
 his, and the mission in its course attacked the very 
 stronghold of evil; with its six clergy, fifty-four services 
 a week, six hundred children taught, no wonder the 
 
156 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 vestry saw that their easy time of power was in danger ; 
 moreover, many of them were owners of notorious 
 evil houses. In 1859 this vestry had appointed a Eev. 
 Hugh Allen as afternoon lecturer, against the wish of 
 the rector. He was one of those fierce party spirits 
 foretold by Mr. Brett, and had a noisy and irreverent 
 set of followers ; after much dispute as to the time 
 of the afternoon lecture, in which Mr. King was, as 
 ever, courteous and conciliatory, the first disturbance 
 certainly came from some of Mr. Allen's congregation, 
 who stayed on afterwards to the rector's service. This 
 disturbance consisted in much the same kind of annoy- 
 ance that took place at the morning service for some 
 time, by very different people to the wretched mob and 
 rabble who kept up the disgraceful riots in the evening 
 for ten long months, but they set the example of dis- 
 order, and knew well what they were about ; they were 
 clearly educated people, sent or hired for the purpose. 
 Their plan was to say or read in an aggressive tone of 
 voice all that the choir sang, including the psalms. 
 Now and then it would have been ludicrous if not so 
 irreverent; as, for instance, when the choir began the 
 Gregorian chant to " My song shall be of the loving 
 kindness of the Lord," to have those words shouted 
 in your ear in a tone of voice that implied very little 
 loving kindness was rather trying. The rector's people 
 never annoyed or interfered with the lecturer's service. 
 Mr. King submitted to the bishop in every possible way 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 
 
 157 
 
 — discontinuing for a time the use of the Euchaiistic 
 vestments which had been presented two years before 
 by members of his congregation, with a request that he 
 would use them. Let us hope Mr. Hugh Allen came to 
 a better mind. A friend tells me that years afterwards 
 he was seen joining in the service of Benediction at 
 Mr. Nugee's Chapel in the Old Kent Eoad. 
 
 But our readers will like to know what the riots 
 at evening service at the church of St. George's-in-the- 
 East were like. The moment the church was opened 
 for service a crowd of men, women, boys, and girls, 
 rushed in, filling it in every corner, scrambled to the 
 galleries, and called to their companions where to sit ; 
 the gallery of a theatre on Boxing-night was peace and 
 quietness compared to it. This went on till the church 
 was quite full, and very early in the riots the stalls and 
 rpading-desk were thus occupied by the mob. 
 
 Then the clergy and choir conducted the service in 
 the chancel apse, protected from the mob by the chan- 
 cel railings, passing in from the vestry door for some 
 time through a file of policemen. What can one say 
 of the service ? Imagine a mob of the very dregs of 
 society, howling and shouting the responses in front of 
 the chancel ; women just as they came from the streets 
 with shawls over their heads, howling the Lord's 
 Prayer and some of the prayers and responses : it was 
 more like a scene from the French Eevolution than ser- 
 vice in a Christian church ; imagine this mob all through 
 
158 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 the service, lessons and sermon, coughing, hissing, 
 stamping feet, whistling and slamming pew-doors. 
 Nothing seemed to touch them, or if they stared quietly 
 in wonder for a few minutes at the tremendous Easter 
 Alleluias in the Easter hymn " Filii et Filise," it was 
 only for a moment. Many of the most renowned 
 preachers in England kindly came on these Sunday 
 evenings ; and though the mob listened perhaps to Mr. 
 Monro's . pathetic account of Hagar and her son from 
 the double text, " The water was spent in the bottle," 
 and " Thou art the fountain of life," their attention 
 was soon diverted. The splendid and touching ser- 
 mons of Mr. Bennett, of Frome, and others, had little 
 or no effect on such a congregation ; on one occasion 
 dogs purposely drugged were let loose in the church 
 crackers were let off, musical instruments used. Out- 
 side, clergymen and laymen were spat upon, pelted with 
 stones, and had mud thrown at them ; in short, this mob 
 behaved just as the dregs of society would behave any- 
 where if they thought they might do so with impunity ; 
 and indeed they had it all their own way : they had 
 only to threaten the altar cross, hangings, etc., and they 
 were removed. Giving in to such people was perfectly 
 useless. And so it went on for months and months, 
 the rector and his curates keeping on the services, many 
 friends coming every Sunday to cheer and protect 
 through the troublous time. Nearly through it all, the 
 rector's wife and family occupied their pew with friends 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 159 
 
 to keep them from harm. Many will remember the 
 imposing form of Mr. Adams (son of Mr. Serjeant 
 Adams, and brother of William Adams, author of The 
 Shadow of the Gross, etc.), in this post of honour. 
 
 Will it be believed that in Christian England, where 
 law and order are the boast, such a state of things could 
 go on — a scandal and disgrace to every one in authority ? 
 The churchwardens and local authorities did absolutely 
 nothing. Mr. King and his curates, who violated no 
 law, were deprived of the protection of the law. The 
 magistrate, Mr. Selfe, Thames Police Court, never con- 
 victed or punished one of the rioters, though they were 
 over and over again brought before him, duly charged 
 with brawling, etc., witnesses proving the charge. This 
 was the style of justice : a shipwright had only to ask 
 to be remanded for a week, that he might get witnesses 
 to swear he was innocent, and Mr. Selfe most politely 
 said, " Certainly, certainly, adjourn it for a week ". So 
 one-sided, too, was the justice ; one day, when the 
 rector, having removed a man from a pew-door, was 
 ' summoned by him for an assault, and this summons 
 came on after the business was supposed to be finished, 
 Mr. King explained that his counsel and witnesses 
 had left ; but Mr. Selfe refused to remand that case, and 
 actually convicted the rector, and fined him five shillings ! 
 Throughout, the rector and his curates did everything 
 to conciliate, were such a thing possible. Of course, no 
 sane person believed that there was any religious prin- 
 
i6o RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 ciple whatever in the riotous mobs thus tolerated aud 
 connived at. So long as the magistrates refused to con- 
 vict and punish such offenders, so long did the mob 
 know that they could outrage a church or anything else 
 sacred. Only because it was a church with a very 
 moderate and decent ritual, that has all been since 
 declared lawful in the Church of England, the Evangeli- 
 cal party declined to speak out against this violation 
 of law and order; or, if they did speak, as at Penton- 
 ville and other places, their violent language, the hasty 
 false statements, the unchristian sentiments, but added 
 fuel to the flame. And so it came to pass that the 
 magistrates never punished, and seemed to entertain the 
 monstrous notion, shared even by some of the leading 
 newspapers, that this wretched mob, this collection of 
 the very dregs of society, was the united voice of the 
 Protestant people of England against the revived prac- 
 tices of reverence, devotion, and worship in the Church 
 of England ! One almost wishes that those who could 
 hold such an absurd notion might have been condemned 
 to spend two hours in the midst of the mob for forty or 
 fifty Sundays. But if the law would not help them, 
 churchmen did not stand by and do nothing ; early in 
 the times of the riots a committee was formed, caUed 
 " The St. George's Church Defence Association, for the 
 maintenance of law and order in the parish church of 
 St. George's-in-the-East ". Space will only allow of my 
 recording a few of the names : His Excellency G. E. J. 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. r6i 
 
 Gordon, British Minister, Hanover ; Hon. H. Walpole, 
 G. F. Boyle (afterwards Earl Glasgow), Colin Lindsay, 
 Archdeacons Denison and Churton, Revs. Canon Jen- 
 kins, E. Lee, W. J. E. Bennett, Edward Stuart, W. E. 
 Wroth, Thomas Helmore, W. E. Scott, etc. ; of laymen. 
 Colonel Owen, Colonel Moorsom, E. Brett, Sutherland 
 Graeme, J. D. Chambers, J. Burgess Knight, James 
 Mackonochie, William Elliott, J. Walter Lea, T. G. 
 Eamsay, Thomas Charrington, etc., etc. These did all 
 that was possible in the Ecclesiastical and other Courts. 
 In July, 1860, Mr. Hansard took charge of the parish 
 that the rector might go away for the needed rest, but he 
 only kept it six months, declining to break his agreement 
 with Mr. King as to the services. Then the bishop's chap- 
 lain took the services, and the disgraceful riots came to 
 an end. Nothing could exceed the kindness and sym- 
 pathy shown to St. George's all through the sad time 
 by the incumbents of the surrounding parishes : the 
 Eevs. B. C. Sangar, of St. Paul's, Shadwell ; T. T. 
 Bazeley, of Poplar ; T. W. Nowell, of Wapping ; Mr. 
 Lee, of Stepney, and others. Mr. Linklater worked in 
 the mission later on. 
 
 Through it all the work of the mission, with its varied 
 helps, and the noble church of St. Peter's-in-the-East to 
 crown them, prospered beyond what had been hoped, 
 and our readers will remember the account of the 
 funeral of Mr. Lowder, and his work. No such funeral 
 
 had been seen in the streets of London in modern times 
 
 II 
 
i62 RECOLLECTIONS OF OXFORD MOVEMENT. 
 
 — the record of a life and work for God in our Church 
 that will live years and years after the miserable riots 
 have been forgotten. 
 
 Good work went on, and still goes on, at Eotherhithe, 
 under the Eev. E. Josselyn Beck. Years before this, 
 the Eev. Eichard Eawlins, of Limehouse, who died of 
 the cholera in 1849, had worked on thorough Church 
 lines ; his son is now Vestry Clerk of St. Gabriel's, 
 Fenchurch. 
 
CHAPTER VII. 
 
 It will be a pleasant change to go from the St. George's 
 riots and the East End of London into some few country 
 towns and villages where the Movement worked and 
 spread ; but there are still a few other centres of work 
 in and around London that should take a place in our 
 story. One was the Church of St. Ethelburga, Bishops- 
 gate, the church in which the daily Litany at midday 
 for business men was so long kept up. Mr. EodweU in 
 his day was a learned writer and preacher, and published 
 works on Oriental history and theology, and was much 
 interested in science, the microscope, etc. ; but of late 
 years the work has been well and entirely carried on by 
 his curate-in-charge, the late Eev. E. N. Eldred, whose 
 care and labour in a difficult position are well known. 
 In the Iforth-East we find St. Paul's, Bow Common, 
 where for many years the Eev. Arthur Cotton carried 
 on the work in this out-of-the-way post, where could be 
 little encouragement or help from the surrounding neigh- 
 bours ; and the work still goes forward. The story of St. 
 Alban's, Holborn, has been so well told in the life of the 
 Eev. A. H. Mackonochie, and the account there of the 
 
 early struggles of priests and people, that there is little 
 (163) 
 
i64 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 that need be told here. The record of all these years is 
 ■written in the higher lives and holy deaths of many 
 hundreds of people of all classes ; the noble founder's 
 hopes must have been more than realised : the constant 
 prayer and praise, the rescues from sin and misery, the 
 raising of life and work go on and on, with surround- 
 ings that even now would tax all the courage and energy 
 of the most industrious parish priest. In the early days 
 of St. Matthias, Stoke Newington, a friend remembers 
 walking home from there with Mr. Butterfield; he 
 stopped in Gray's Inn Lane, and pointed out a place 
 where was to be a church with everything to be desired, 
 though it was some years before St. Alban's was con- 
 secrated. A short walk westward and we come to the 
 church of St. John (Evangelist), Eed Lion Square, where 
 Dr. Webber, the Bishop of Brisbane, did for so many 
 years a great work in parish and church. 
 
 St. Stephen's, Shepherd's Bush, under Mr. Collett and 
 Mr. Cooke, was a very early suburban centre, where 
 excellent Church work was done. On July 27, 1859, 
 another suburban centre was formed, and the church of 
 St. John the Evangelist, Hammersmith, was consecrated 
 by the Bishop of London, from a design by Mr. Butter- 
 field; it had a spacious' sanctuary and good chancel (as at 
 St. Matthias, the services for nearly three years had 
 been conducted in a licensed room) : the service was 
 Gregorian, and Mr. W. H. Monk played the organ ; a 
 great many Stoke Newington friends were there, among 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 165 
 
 them Mr. Brett, Mr. Philip Twells, a frequent attendant 
 at St. Matthias, Henry Twells, the Master of Godolphin 
 Schools, close to St. John's, an admirable preacher. 
 Edward Twells, afterwards bishop, was the first vicar. 
 A work was begun here which was followed up by Mr. 
 Cowan and others, and the parish church and several 
 more district churches are now all worked on excellent 
 Church lines. Nearer town again, there is the church 
 of St. Mary Magdalen, Paddington, where a grand work 
 in every way has been carried on for years by the late Dr. 
 Temple West and his coadjutors : the veteran Church 
 organist and composer, Mr. Eedhead, is still there, and 
 as active as ever. Then, nearer town, we come to the 
 district of St. Cyprian's, Marylebone, where the Eev. 
 Charles Gutch has laboured, with parts of two ordinary 
 houses for his church, for nearly thirty years, gathering 
 around him an earnest, hearty body of churchmen and 
 churchwomen. Mr. Gutch was well known for his zeal 
 and solemn earnestness in his work at St. Saviour's, 
 Leeds, and at All Saints, Margaret Street, and has 
 earned the greatest respect and affection. For a time, 
 the Eev. Hugh Monro (brother of Edward Monro and 
 Dr. Monro) worked with Mr. Gutch ; and also at St. 
 Anne's, Soho ; he was for a time chaplain to a minor 
 hospital. A small, thin, pale, quiet man, without the 
 fire and energy of Edward Monro, but ever kind, helpful, 
 and amiable to all who had need of his assistance. We 
 will add to these London sketches Mr. Abbott's excel- 
 
i66 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 lent work at Christ Church, Clapham, where he was for 
 some years assisted by the Kev. Kobert Gwynne, now 
 Vicar of St. Mary the Virgin, Crown Street, Soho ; also 
 the churches of St. Mary, Primrose Hill, and St. Augus- 
 tine, Kilburn, and the wonderful works in connection 
 with it. 
 
 Streatham, Tooting, Balham, and many other churches 
 around were soon well forward in the new work, thanks 
 to the veteran Eector of Streatham, Mr. Nicholl, to Mr. 
 Tarbutt of St. Peter's, Streatham, whose good start and 
 labours are so well carried on by his successor, H. Baron 
 Dickinson, and others. 
 
 On our way to the country we may pass close to the 
 church of St. Stephen, Lewisham, where for more than 
 twenty years the Eev. Canon E. E. Bristow has most 
 successfully laboured. The church was built in the 
 time of, and owes much to, the Eev. S. Eussell Davies, 
 to whom Mr. Bristow was curate, succeeding to the 
 vicarage about 1868 : Mr. Bristow's work is well known 
 both as a preacher and as a parish priest ; he was for a 
 short time with Mr. Wroth, at St. Philip's, Clerkenwell. 
 Chislehurst has long been a highly favoured spot, both 
 for natural beauty and for Church privileges ; indeed, for 
 Church folk it was, and is, a most desirable place of 
 residence, and the old saying about Amberley, in Sussex, 
 ■" Where do you live ? " " Amberley, where would you 
 live ? " might be repeated of Chislehurst, with its wide 
 commons, hilly views, its shady trees and woods ; happily 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 167 
 
 without the reverse of the Amberley proverb in winter, 
 when the lanes and roads were almost impassable, and 
 the saying then was, " Where do you live ? " " Amber- 
 ley, God help us ! " Chislehurst old village church was 
 carefully restored and well kept from the year 1846, 
 when the Rev. Francis H. Murray, son of a late Bishop 
 of Eochester, became rector ; from that time its daily 
 prayers, frequent Communions, festival services, and 
 parish work have been well known ; the church left 
 open some hours every day, so that the sorrowful, the 
 penitent, and the thankful, the poor and the world-weary 
 might for a few moments kneel before God and gain 
 comfort and peace. The parish and rector have had 
 their troubles : early in the morning of March 16, 
 1857, the old spire was destroyed by fire, the whole 
 fabric of the spire fell into the ancient tower; not a 
 beam fell outside, and so the church was saved from 
 destruction ; by half-past ten all danger was over, and 
 at twelve the rector gathered his people into the body 
 of the church to return thanks and praise for its preser- 
 vation. Mr. Murray is a thorough worker as parish 
 priest and divine ; is the author of some devotional 
 works, and a catena of authorities on the Holy Com- 
 munion. He was always much interested in Church 
 hymnology, a great friend of the late Sir Henry Baker, 
 and other compilers of Hymns Ancient and Modern, 
 and himself did some of the work of compilation of that 
 now widely used hymnal. The beautiful churchyard is 
 
i6S RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 •well known, and contains the monuments to Charles 
 Lowder and some of the best churchmen of the Move- 
 ment; among others, of a much loved layman, J. L. 
 Anderdon, father-iu-law to the rector, author of the 
 Life of Bishop Ken, and several other works, about 
 whom T hope to tell more when writing of the "Lay- 
 men of the Church Movement ". Many of our best 
 living Church laymen still make their home in Chisle- 
 hurst, and no doubt fully appreciate all the privileges 
 there. Mr. Murray was once curate to Mr. Clarke, 
 Vicar of Northfield, near Birmingham, a staunch old 
 churchman of the Keble and Williams school. Brasted, 
 near Sevenoaks, had for some years, in early days, the 
 privilege of a rector who was not only a great and 
 learned scholar, but also one who, like Dean Church, 
 could preach simple village sermons, and enter into the 
 villagers' wants : this was Dr. W. H. Mill, Eegius Pro- 
 fessor of Hebrew in Cambridge, and author of Univer- 
 sity Sermons, and many theological works. For some 
 years, too, there has been a good churchman as rector 
 at Sevenoaks. In this same county of Kent, at Chels- 
 field and Farnborough, in very early times, the Eev. 
 Folliott Baugh was rector ; he was afterwards Vicar of 
 Ilford, in Essex, all in the gift of All Souls' College, of 
 which he was a fellow; at the latter town some anti- 
 Church riots took place. Mr. Baugh's locum tenens at 
 Farnborough was the Rev. Eowland Smith, of St. John's 
 College, Oxford, author of the Church Catechism,, illus- 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 169 
 
 trated hy the Prayer Book, and The Law of the Anglican 
 Church the Law of the Land, a good scholar and 
 churchman. I remember in 1852 he wrote some most 
 amusing wedding verses to a friend who had married 
 a very musical lady, concluding : — 
 
 Extend your pity to the bard, 
 With fair Cecilia for him plead ; 
 That she the goodwill for the deed 
 Would fain accept ; nor deem him^ slack 
 In courtesy ; because, alack, 
 Against his " Epithal " the nine 
 With spiteful malice do combine. 
 
 The Hermit of Farniorough ; indited in our Cell. 
 
 Not far off, Mr. Caffin, of Westerham, will be re- 
 membered as an early worker. At Markbeech, near 
 Edenbridge, the Eev. E. S. Hunt was, and is still, 
 vicar; from 1857 there were daily services and frequent 
 Communions ; a quiet village church, well ordered and 
 cared for; Mr. Hunt was in early life curate to Sir 
 George Prevost, at Stinchcombe, near Dm-sley, and no 
 doubt was privileged to know Mr. Isaac Williams ; he 
 was also a friend and contemporary of L)r. ISTeale. At 
 Hever, close by, was the Eev. W. Wilberforce Battye 
 (formerly a curate of Brighton); here good Church work 
 had been carried on. At St. James', Tunbridge Wells, 
 Mr. Pearson stood for some time alone, and it was a 
 matter of regret when he resigned such a centre of good 
 work ; there is now the district church of St. Barnabas. 
 At Kilndown, the parish church of Bedgbury, the seat 
 
lyo RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 of A. J. B. Beresford Hope, one of the most earnest and 
 energetic laymen of the Movement, there was a very- 
 beautiful church, with frequent services; and a rector, 
 Mr. Harrison, heart and soul in the work. In 1844, at 
 Milton-next-Gravesend, at the chapel of St. John, there 
 was for a time one of the most reverent and careful 
 services that had been seen up to that date ; in music 
 and ritual all that loving care could give, besides good 
 parish work among all the people, daily services, 
 constant celebrations ; saints' day services with short 
 sermons or addresses, and the same on all the black 
 letter days, thus making the Prayer Book a thorough 
 reality: some few may yet remember the deep regret 
 felt when the Eev. W. J. Blew retired from this post ; 
 his heartiest services in all ritual, liturgical, and legal 
 points have ever since been given to the Church of 
 England, as well as his work on hymnology, psalmody, 
 etc. Of Kentish churchmen the name of the late Eev. 
 W. N. Grif&n, Vicar of Ospringe, Senior Wrangler, etc., 
 must not be left out ; the memorial just arranged testifies 
 to the long and earnest labours of this learned parish 
 priest ; and Northfleet, and the work there, must be 
 mentioned. 
 
 At Eichraond, in Surrey, Mr. Procter's years of faith- 
 ful work are appreciated by many who reside in that 
 lovely spot. At Eoehampton, Dr. G. E. Biber was 
 incumbent for some years, and published many works in 
 defence of the Church of England, especially replying to 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 171 
 
 Mr. Sibthorp on the Anti-Eoman line, also Thi Seven 
 Voices of the Spirit, and on Convocation. He was a 
 very large contributor to the chief religious magazines 
 and periodicals, the English Review, successor to the 
 Christian Remembrancer, and others. He was a native 
 of Wiirtemberg, and an LL.D. of Gottingen University, 
 and became a naturalised English subject before his 
 ordination in 1839. Dr. Biber lived in Brighton fre- 
 quently before his death ; his son, who was in holy 
 orders, married the Hon. Mrs. Erskine, dau_ghter of 
 Lady Cardross. 
 
 At Egham, in Surrey, a well-known churchman was 
 rector for some years, the Eev. J,. S. B. Monsell, author 
 of Sermons on the Beatitudes, and more especially 
 known- for his hymns and poems, among them Hymns 
 of Love and Praise, Parish Musings, Spiritual Songs, etc. 
 
 At Witley, the Eev. John Chandler was rector. He 
 compiled Horce Sacrce, and was one of the earliest 
 translators of the old hymns ; his Hymns of the 
 Ancient Church has long been scarce and out of print, 
 but we see how largely it was used by the compilers of 
 Hymns Ancient and Modern. A copy of this book 
 had rather a curious adventure. It was lent first to a 
 clergyman who was compiling a hymnal for his own 
 parish, who at the end of five years wrote to borrow it 
 again for the compilers of Hymns Ancient and Modern, 
 but as it had never been returned the owner could 
 only reply that he had no objection. Search was 
 
172 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 made and it was found, and used by the compilers of 
 A. and M., and then again vanished from the owner's 
 ken for ten or twelve years, when it was discovered by 
 a lady in the Library of All Saints, Margaret Street, 
 recognised by a special monogram. 
 
 At Dorking, Mr. Joyce spent some years of work 
 while his health lasted ; he is perhaps still remembered 
 as a hearty, genial, and most kind-hearted parish priest 
 and gentleman. At Eeigate, the Eev. J. N. Harrison 
 has been, for years working on the lines of the Church 
 Eevival. 
 
 Sussex gives a wide field for Church work and pro- 
 gress. We will just now go through a part of Hampshire, 
 returning again to Sussex. 
 
 At Basingstoke, the Rev. J. E. Millard, some time 
 at Bradfield, Fellow of Magdalen College, once Head- 
 master of Magdalen College School, was rector in 1864 ; 
 and daily services, weekly communion, and good choral 
 services were the use. Mr. Millard was the author of 
 Historical Notice of Choristers, the Island Choir, and 
 other works. At Highclere, near Newbury, the Rev. 
 W. Brudenell Barter, of Oriel College, was rector ; 
 he was a most vigorous champion of orthodoxy, and 
 spoke with no uncertain sound in his Gainsayitig of 
 Core in the Nineteenth Century, and in his Tracts in 
 Defence of the Church, and On the Progress of In- 
 fidelity ; he was, I think, brother to Warden Barter, 
 of Winchester. 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 173 
 
 John Keble, the author of the Christian Year, is 
 always in our mind deeply connected with Oxford and 
 the Oxford Movement, and no doubt the influence of 
 the boyish-looking ¥ellow and Tutor of Oriel was a 
 great power there ; he has been well described as a 
 glory to his College, present in everybody's thoughts, a 
 comfort and a stay, for the slightest word he dropped 
 was all the more remembered, seeming to come from a, 
 different and holier sphere : every word was, as it were, 
 a brilliant or a pearl ; yet he gave up Oxford to assist his 
 father at Fairford, and vacated his Fellowship some years 
 after by marriage, so was not living much in Oxford; thus 
 the man who had stirred the hearts of so many spent his 
 life in the sublime work of pastoral duty at the small 
 vUlage of Hursley, in Hampshire, with a rural population 
 of less than a thousand people : presented to that living 
 by his friend and favourite College pupil. Sir William 
 Heathcote. The Christian Year probably had a sale 
 that no work of the kind ever came near, and yet it was 
 said that Mr. Parker once refused to give the sum of 
 sixty pounds for the copyright of the book which in a 
 few years produced enough money to rebuild Hursley 
 church and do many other good works. My first visit 
 was during the rebuilding of the church, and the ser- 
 vices were all kept up in large barns fitted up carefully 
 with altar, stalls, open seats, etc. ; the bells were rung 
 from the old church tower for these services, and you. 
 had to find your way to the barn, on entering whicli 
 
174 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 ten or twelve minutes before the time for service, you 
 saw that Mr. Keble and a curate were already there in 
 surplice, hood, and stole, kneeling towards the altar in 
 private prayer ; and as the parish clock struck, the simple 
 service began. Friends came to reside in and around 
 Hursley to be near Mr. Keble ; among these was the 
 Eev. E. J. Spranger, of Exeter College, a very ripe 
 scholar and writer, who published a set of Confirmation 
 lectures, somewhat quaint and patristic, but full of 
 material for thought ; he preached at All Saints, Mar- 
 garet Street, on Church colouring, and on the same 
 subject at Smethwick ; these were published : he also 
 preached a set of sermons on the Apocrypha, at St, 
 Paul's, Brighton. Some of Mr. Keble's curates were 
 men of note in the Church. One, whose name is 
 always connected with Hursley, was the Eev. Peter 
 Young, author of Daily Readings for a Year on the Life 
 of our Lord, a most useful manual for clergy and 
 teachers. Mr. Young was for seventeen years curate 
 at Hursley, most of the time as a deacon, the then 
 Bishop of Winchester refusing him priest's orders. The 
 account of this is well told in Dr. Pusey's Life. My 
 next visit to Hursley was in 1852, when the church 
 was finished and open, and a very simple but beautiful 
 service for a country parish it was : the cross and 
 candlesticks were on the altar itself, and the church 
 full of a congregation who joined heartily in the ser- 
 vice ; it must have been a wonderful contrast to Mr. 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 175 
 
 Keble's first Sunday in the old church, when, it is said, 
 that after the first two lines of the General Confession 
 Mr. Keble stopped and explained to the good folks 
 that they were to repeat the words of the Confession 
 after him. Dr. Moberly, headmaster of Winchester (after- 
 wards Bishop of Salisbury), was present in the church. 
 We must not pass from Hursley without naming Otter- 
 bourne, the home for so many years of Miss Yonge 
 authoress of the Heir of Bedcliffe, and so many excel- 
 lent works. Certainly, no one authoress has ever done 
 the good service to Church-folk which she has done : 
 her vivid pictures of young people, their hearty, healthy, 
 happy, and natural home-loving lives and characters, 
 their failures and successes, griefs and joys, must have 
 exercised an influence that will be felt for some genera- 
 tions ; she has earned the deep gratitude of many and 
 many a parent and guardian ; such a work as The Pil- 
 lars of the House is simply invaluable. Miss Yonge 
 was ever ready, too, to help forward the work of the 
 Movement in a kind and liberal way ; one instance I 
 can name: a friend of mine was the editor of the 
 Churchman's Companion, a magazine struggling into 
 life, and Miss Yonge liberally gave Henrietta's Wish 
 and the Two Guardians to be printed in the first 
 instance in that magazine, giving it a good lift up- 
 ward. 
 
 At Farlington the Eev. E. T. Eichards spent a long 
 life, in the simple post of a village parish priest, bright, 
 
176 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 genial, and hearty to the last. One of his daughters 
 was the wife of Dr. Huntingford, and another of the 
 Eev. Andrew Nugee, vicar of Wymering, near by ; 
 after Mr. A. Nugee's death the parish and church were 
 weU served for many years by his brother, the Eev. 
 George Nugee : of these I have spoken before. 
 
 At Dogmersfield in this county, the Eev. Charles 
 Dyson was rector : the church was rebuilt in 1843 by 
 him and his sister, at a cost of £4000. He was the 
 College friend of John Keble, and preserver of the 
 Christian Year from destruction {Keble's Life, p. 36). The 
 rectory, visited by Keble, Manning, Sir J. D. Coleridge, 
 and Bishop Wilberforce, was built by Mr. Dyson, to 
 whom the late Dean Butler was once curate. Miss Dyson 
 was most active in the early literature of the Movement, 
 and was the authoress oilvo and Verena, Cousin Rachel, 
 and several popular works published by Mr. Brunt. 
 
 A little farther on, at the far end of the county, is 
 Westbourne, near Emsworth, where for some time the 
 Kev. Henry Newland was rector and vicar ; he is per- 
 haps better known as the Vicar of St. Mary's Church, 
 Torquay ; but at Westbourne most of his work for the 
 Church was done ; he died in the prime of life, and had 
 he lived would probably have been one of the leading 
 men of the Church Movement : it was as a brilliant 
 preacher and speaker, bold and fearless, ready at all 
 points, that he made his mark in the time of his health, 
 and a very strong and vigorous mark it was ; if be had 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 177 
 
 done nothing but deliver those Lectures on Tractarianism 
 in the Town Hall, Brighton, at a time when party 
 feeling ran very high, he would have done good service : 
 it was grand to see and hear him, a iine manly pre- 
 sence, and a voice that carried his words to every part 
 of the large hall. In many ways the present Dean of 
 Eochester reminds one of him. His dedication of those 
 lectures to Archdeacon Denison is truly characteristic : 
 " My dear Archdeacon, — What I say in these lectures 
 I think, and what I think I mean to act up to. I can, 
 therefore, find no more appropriate pattern for them 
 than the man who, on the Education question, as on all 
 others, meant what he said and did it." He also wrote 
 Confirmation and First Comrmvtiion, Pastils on the. 
 Parables, also a catena on the Ephesians and PhiUp- 
 pians, etc. ; he partly wrote and edited the series of 
 Sermons for the Christian Seasons. In all his works 
 there was a fund of instruction and information, sen- 
 sibly and vividly conveyed and applied. His bright 
 presence and conversation were long remembered by 
 those who had the privilege of knowing him. He was 
 a lover of the country and a disciple of Izaac Walton, 
 wrote Forest Life, The Erne, etc. 
 
 Eeturning into Sussex, at Crawley, Dr. Neale's first 
 curacy, the Eev. C. A. Fowler, of Oriel College, was 
 for some time rector; he was also once at Bradfield, 
 and later at St. Margaret's, Canterbury, a well-esteemed 
 champion of all that was good and orthodox, author of 
 
178 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 a most useful volume of parochial sermons, club ser- 
 mons, The Church the Bond of Brotherhood, etc., etc. 
 Horsham, with its fine old parish church, and its vicar 
 for forty years, John F. Hodgson, a well-known worker 
 in the cause, comes next. His coadjutor at the dis- 
 trict church, John Kenrick, was the compiler of several 
 manuals of devotion : The Horology, Devotions for the 
 Hours of Prayer, etc. ; his signature in the dedications, 
 J. K., was by some taken for that of John Keble. 
 
 On a walking tour in this part many, years back, two 
 friends started from Horsham to Cocking, calling on 
 the vicar, Mr. Valentine, one of the good old school. 
 I^ear by is the sweet village of Nuthurst, with its small 
 but beautiful church and churchyard, where, in the 
 very early days before 1842, the Eev. W. J. Blew, 
 about whom we spoke before, began the work of the 
 revival which some years after was to be taken up and 
 continued by the Eev. J. 0. MacCarogher Csometime 
 Prebendary of Chichester) up to the end of his life a 
 short time ago. These friends never forgot a few days 
 spent at Nuthurst about 1870, with the most kind- 
 hearted, genial vicar and his wife and family, including 
 a special Sunday, when Dr. A. B. Evans was staying 
 there and preached in the morning, and Mr. Blew in 
 the afternoon : it was a never-to-be-forgotten day, quite 
 refreshing to Londoners. 
 
 They walked from there to Lavington, the beautiful 
 seat which Bishop Samuel Wilberforce held by right 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 179 
 
 of his wife, who was the eldest daughter and heiress 
 of the late Mr. Sargent. There were four daughters : 
 one had married Archdeacon Manning, then rector of 
 Lavington, another, Mr. George Ryder. The park, 
 house, and church, all close together, made a charming 
 place to live in, and the archdeacon being away the 
 bishop said the usual daily prayers in the church. The 
 church itself was quite a model in arrangement and 
 oare, and as the two were walking round the church- 
 yard with their knapsacks on, the servants from the 
 ■vicarage came out and inquired if they would take any 
 refreshment ; the same was done at Graffham, which 
 was held with Lavington, and was then in charge of 
 Mr. Laprimaudaye. Both churches were kept open all 
 day. Away towards Pulborough is the quiet country 
 ■village of Waltham or Coldwaltham, where the Eev. J. 
 M. Sandham has laboured from 1846, after the pattern 
 of a real country parson, bestowing all care and devo- 
 tion on the church, services, and people, and all kind- 
 ness on friends and visitors. The vicar and Mrs. Sand- 
 ham were one in the quiet life of the Church's order 
 and care, and kindness to all with them and around 
 them ; his recent appointment to an honorary canonry 
 was well deserved. Mr. Sandham's brother. General 
 Sandham, of RowdeUs, near by, was a thorough church- 
 man, too. One special Sunday spent at Waltham 
 must be recorded, when the Rev. A. R. Ashwell, Prin- 
 jcipal of the Theological College and Canon of Chiches- 
 
i8o RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 ter, was staying there, and preached two special ser- 
 mons. It was quite a red-letter day to remember. 
 Canon Ashwell's career, from his Cambridge course 
 ending as wrangler, as Vice-Principal of St. Mark's 
 College, Chelsea, and in many other important positions, 
 is well known ; as a writer, preacher, and teacher, he 
 ranks very highly in the record of the Church Move- 
 ment ; his busy, active life in all three capacities — he 
 was for some years editor of the Literary Churchman — ■ 
 was more than any man could keep up for very long, 
 and he was not a strong man ; he died in 1879. He 
 wrote a valuable essay, bringing into it urgent and solid 
 reasons, against Evening Communions. At Arundel 
 efforts were being made in the right direction under 
 very trying surroundings. At Bognor was the girls' 
 school, somewhat answering to the Woodard Middle 
 Class Boys' Colleges ; and the lady superior and chap- 
 lain worked bravely in the cause. Chichester, with its 
 record of five deans — Chandler, Hook, Burgon, Pigou,, 
 and Eandall, proved incontestably that deans might be 
 not only thoroughly useful but essential in all that 
 appertained to Divine service and worship, and the 
 welfare, spiritual and temporal, of all around them. At 
 Bosham, Mr. Mitchell was a sound churchman, and his 
 church, a tine old one, carefully kept. On a fine sum- 
 mer evening, few things are more delightful than to 
 take a boat at high tide, row out half a mile, and then 
 rest to enjoy the lovely view backed by the fine Downs. 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. i8i 
 
 At Littlehampton the fiev. C. Rumball has worked 
 well for nearly thirty years, and done much in what is, 
 perhaps, the most trying sort of place— a small, popular 
 seaside town, with its overcrowded and shifting 
 population. At Shoreham one goes back in memory 
 many years, even to the solemn opening of Old Shore- 
 ham vicarage in Mr. Wheeler's time, and the beginning 
 of Mr. Woodard's scheme for the religious education 
 of the thousands of middle class youths growing up in 
 our midst. This was started in a few small houses in 
 Shoreham, and like the Church Movement, of which it 
 was a sort of practical first fruits, has moved forward 
 till one is lost in amazement at the many handsome 
 buildings, with chapels, cloisters, and all the adjuncts 
 of the best colleges, at Hurstpierpoint, Lancing, and 
 Ardingly in Sussex only, besides those at Denstone in 
 the Midlands and elsewhere. To see the very small , 
 beginnings in those few old tumble-down houses and 
 then the present proportions of this scheme is indeed a 
 lesson of patience and utter perseverance. Here, too, 
 we will pause to speak of the inmates of that same old 
 Shoreham vicarage from 1857 to 1876, or rather 1872, 
 when the wife died. These were the Eev. James B. 
 Mozley, Eegius Professor of Divinity and Canon of 
 Christ Church, and his wife, twin sister of Mrs. John- 
 son, widow of Manuel Johnson, the University 
 Astronomer, in whose house Newman spent his last night 
 in Oxford : they were daughters of Dr. Ogle. After more 
 
i82 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 than twenty years of work with Newman, Pusey, and 
 the great leaders in the Church Movement, Canon 
 Mozley settled in Old Shoreham, and lived there as 
 much as his other work would allow, for he never left 
 off writing tiU the very last. They loved their old 
 Sussex parish, and were indeed much beloved there. 
 They lived much for others, and their life was one of 
 cheerfulness and happiness, and they both retained a 
 youthfulness of spirit that was beautiful to see. It 
 was at times difficult to recognise in the sweet quiet 
 appearance of the Rector of Old Shoreham, the man 
 who in 1833 and onwards, had set us all on fire with 
 his Essays on Laud,Strafford,etc.,in theBritish Critic and 
 Christian Remembrancer; but in reply to this thought 
 once expressed, Mrs. Mozley would smile and say, 
 " But surely you don't expect any one to go on letting 
 off fireworks for ever ! " A more delightful book than 
 his letters, etc., published by his sister Anne in 1885 it 
 is difficult to conceive. I must not omit to name 
 Cuckfield, and with it the Eev. T. A. Maberley, 
 one of the most hearty, genial, and kind-hearted of 
 parish priests, who spent a long life devoted to his 
 church and parish. Buxted, also, was privileged in 
 early days, and has advanced since, with a church built 
 and endowed by the Rev. A. D. Wagner, of St. Paul's, 
 Brighton, who has a county house there ; he ap- 
 pointed the vicar, the Rev. J. B. de la Bere (formerly 
 John Edwards, of St. Paul's, Knightsbridge and Prest- 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 183 
 
 bury) : but Mr Wagaer really belongs to Brighton, of 
 which I shall speak further on. 
 
 It is not easy to tell, in any short space, about East 
 Grinstead and the very wonderful man whose name it 
 recalls to our mind. A mere bibliography of his 
 writings would require more space than this whole 
 chapter occupies ; and from that you would not realise 
 what manner of man was John Mason Neale, and 
 the way of life of one of the most learned of English 
 churchmen, worthy to . be ranked with some of the 
 chiefest divines, poets, liturgiologists, historians and 
 hymn writers that ever lived. He died certainly in 
 what might be called the prime of life, but the amount 
 of his work was much more than most men accomplish 
 in a very long life. He was the son of the Rev. Cor- 
 nelius Neale, one of the best known of the extreme 
 Puritan school ; who, after his friend, John Mason 
 Good, a learned and pious physician, named his son. 
 We do not know how soon Dr. Neale broke away 
 from the early traditions of his home, though we do 
 know that throughout his life he retained all that was 
 good and true in that system, — its reverence, earnest- 
 ness, and great regard for Holy Scripture ; and we know 
 that when at home as a youth in Brighton he attended 
 with his mother Christ Church in that town, then, and for 
 years, under the charge of the Rev. James Vaughan, one 
 of the best and most earnest of the Evangelical school 
 of the day. Probably the first stir of the Catholic re- 
 
i84 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 vival reached Mr. Neale as an undergraduate at Trinity 
 College, Cambridge, with such companions as Mr. Beres- 
 ford Hope, E. T. Codd, M. S. Gillis, F. A. Paley. It 
 has been said that the revival there touched different 
 points from Oxford, and worked in a different way. 
 The questions which sent Oxford men to Eome certainly 
 did not at first disturb University life at Cambridge. 
 Very early in his life there, Mr. Neale was one of the 
 leaders who, accepting the great idea of the Catho- 
 licity of the Church of England, set themselves to work 
 out how the outward aspects of English public worship 
 might be made most reasonably and intelligently to cor- 
 respond to the ideals and best traditions of the ancient 
 and historic Church ; the Cambridge Camden Society 
 and the Ecclesialogist were founded with this express 
 object, and not by any means as matters of mere archaeo- 
 logical and antiquarian research. It was to exercise a 
 practical influence on all the churches, services, and 
 worship; and a great many of the early papers and 
 pamphlets of the society were written by Mr. Neale, the 
 famous History of Pews among the number. He was 
 ordained very early in life, and worked for a short 
 time as a curate at Crawley in Sussex, but a threatened 
 affection of the lungs obliged him to give up that work ; 
 and though he tried Penzance and other places, Madeira 
 had to be his home for the greater part of three years. 
 But before that, on July 27, 1842, Mr. Neale married 
 Sarah Norman Webster, of the talented family of the 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 185 
 
 Attorney-General. He never ceased writing and trans- 
 lating; he became master of twenty languages, and 
 before going to Madeira taught himself Portuguese, that 
 he might readily read the great writers and divines in 
 that language. In Madeira was written much of the 
 History of the Holy Eastern Church, and he there always 
 had five or six works on hand, — tales, allegories, 
 hymns, histories, etc., etc. In 1843, also, was written, 
 jointly with the Eev. B. Webb, Durandus on Sym- 
 holism, a book now long out of print, and of very high 
 value. On any point where there was a need to stand 
 up and defend the honour of God and His Church, Mr. 
 Neale was ready and well-armed, and the number of 
 smaller pamphlets and essays was wonderful. His 
 Lectures on Church Difficulties was quite a volume of 
 defence. He was, as has been said, impulsive and 
 excitable, but thorough to the backbone ; chivalrous and 
 generous, warmly affectionate in all relations of life, 
 with a wonderful memory and great facility in acquiring 
 languages. He did not leave Madeira till May, 1845, 
 and was able to winter in England for the rest of his 
 life. By this time his works began to be known and 
 appreciated, and he never left off writing till the last 
 year of his life, 1866. Space will not enable me to 
 name a fiftieth part of them. Before he left Madeira 
 he had revised the Portuguese version of the Prayer 
 Book for the S.P.G.K., and had translated Bishop 
 Andrewes' Devotions into Portuguese; he also wrote 
 
i86 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 Murray's Guide to Portugal. In 1845 Mr. Neale 
 won the Seatonian Prize Poem, and gained it for ten 
 successive years. The Rev. Thomas Hankinson was, I 
 think, the only man who came near so large a number. 
 His power of versification was wonderfully rapid ; some 
 of these, Seatonians were begun and ended in thirty-six 
 hours. In 1858 Mr. ISTeale gained the one on Egypt ; 
 after he had written the poem, he wrote another on the 
 same subject in hexameters, the metre of Longfellow's 
 Evangeline. The prize was given to the first, and 
 £20 to the second one, without any idea that they 
 were both by one hand. This latter was a grand poem, 
 and contained those splendid lines on his first text at 
 Crawley, sixteen years before, and is almost a picture of 
 his own course. 
 
 Then from the Throne of God, that Throne where the weary have 
 
 refuge, 
 Where in the midst of distress there is calm, that mandate was 
 
 uttered — 
 Mandate not uttered alone that day for the thousands of Judah, 
 But to all ages addressed and to all generations " Go forward," 
 Forward when all seems lost, when the cause looks utterly hopeless, 
 Forward when brave hearts fail, and to yield is the rede of the 
 
 coward, 
 Forward when friends fall oft, and enemies gather around thee ; 
 Thou, though alone with thy God, though alone in thy courage, 
 
 go forward. 
 Nothing it is with Him to redeem or by few or by many. 
 Help, though deferred, shall arrive ; ere morn the night is at 
 
 darkest. 
 
 In 1846 Mr. Neale took the wardenship of Sackville 
 College, East Grinstead, an ancient foundation for pen- 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 187 
 
 sioners; a fine old building with chapel, dining hall, 
 and warden's apartments value £25 a year : it was a 
 home, and that was all the preferment that ever fell to 
 the lot of this great divine, historian, and poet. As I 
 have said, Dr. Neale was affectionate in all relations of 
 life ; his wedding letter to a friend, ten years after his 
 own marriage, was characteristic. 
 
 " Sackville College, 
 
 "February 9th, 1852. 
 
 " My Dear , 
 
 " I had not the least idea the event which I 
 heard of yesterday was in contemplation, and so felt quite 
 surprised as well as very glad. Pray accept my best 
 congratulations ; they must, of course, be quite general, 
 inasmuch as I know not your fair bride's name. To her 
 indeed, if she will accept them, I can offer them more 
 particularly because I do know you; I know not a 
 better wish to give you than the last verse of the 128th 
 psalm. I see you just avoided Septuagesima. I know 
 not where you are, but if it should be anywhere so that 
 you could give us a look in on your way back I hope 
 you will do so ; you would like to see the College, and 
 I shall have the pleasure of being introduced to your 
 bride. 
 
 " Yours very truly, 
 
 "J. M. Neale." 
 
 That visit was not paid for some time, and indeed 
 
i88 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 not till the early struggles of Sackville College and its 
 warden were nearly over. They were years of mis- 
 understanding and prejudice against daily prayers, cele- 
 brations with decent ceremonial, and frequent preaching 
 and teaching bestowed on the place and its inmates ; 
 a struggle in which it took years and years of patient 
 waiting and working to convince Bishop Gilbert, of 
 Chichester, that here was a staunch loyal son of the 
 Church of England, and one of her noblest defenders at 
 the time Newman and a few of the best known Trac- 
 tarians deserted her ; a man who knew more about 
 Church history and liturgiology, the true story of 
 the Eastern Churches, and the Western claims, than 
 half the modern doctors of the Roman Church put 
 together ; the last man to believe that no true Church 
 could exist out of visible communion with Eome. 
 With reference to the Privy Council judgments, his 
 Few Words of Hcype in the Present Crisis of the English 
 Church met with deep gratitude from thousands of 
 anxious hearts ; and the Sisters of East Grinstead have 
 done a real work for all time by reprinting it in full in 
 the St. Margaret's Magazine for January, 1892 (Skeffing- 
 ton & Co.). Many of Dr. Neale's early works are un- ■ 
 attainable now, and it is also a most happy thought of 
 the sisters to reprint at times portions of essays, poems, 
 hymns, etc., from these scarce works in their magazine. 
 One of my friend's visits to Sackville College was when 
 most of those early trials were over, and the beginning 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 189 
 
 of Dr. Neale's great practical work of the grand nursing 
 sisterhood he founded was in progress. In person Dr. 
 Neale was tall and dark, and at first might be thought 
 stern in expression, reminding one of the portrait of 
 another great divine of the Church, Bishop Jeremy 
 Taylor. After going over the old building, the pensioners' 
 rooms, the restored beautiful chapel, the hall and the 
 warden's rooms, commanding lovely Sussex views, my 
 friend was introduced to the study, literally packed and 
 lined and hung across with books ; at the four corners 
 were four desks, at which the warden always stood to 
 work. At one desk, perhaps, the history of the Eastern 
 Church was in progress, at another poems and hymns, 
 at another commentaries on the Psalms, and at the 
 fourth one of the brilliant tales or stories, such as 
 Agnes de Tracey, Ayton Priory, Shepferton Manor, 
 Duchenier, Tales of Christian Heroism and Endurance, 
 etc. 
 
 Staying a day or two my friend realised the wonder- 
 fully busy life led by this scholar and priest. Calls 
 and claims on all sides, duties to the sisters, the orphans, 
 the old people of the College ; and duties to those, not 
 a few, who asked for solutions on knotty points of 
 theology, canon law, history, politics, and litur- 
 giology. 
 
 On the Sunday afternoon of the visit a sister was 
 nursing at some distant town, and was in some difficulty 
 or trouble. Mr. Neale went off by the first train^ 
 
igo RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 asking my friend to take the evening service in the 
 College chapel, and to read one of his sermons. No 
 duty seemed to be neglected. He wrote and printed 
 several volumes of reading for the aged, throwing 
 himself into the feelings, hopes, and fears of the old 
 pensioners. Children were especially cared for in 
 sermons, tales, allegories, and hymns. It would fill a 
 page were I to try and name all the hymns only, Dr. 
 Neale wrote. A very large proportion of Hymns 
 Ancient and Modern was from his pen. All this was 
 done, and home duties were carefully and brightly ful- 
 filled. It would be out of my province to describe 
 how, in the midst of all this absorbing outside work, 
 his home, with Mrs. Neale, and his five children grow- 
 ing up, was his delight and recreation, as they them- 
 selves have said (in the St. Margaret's Magazine, 
 January, 1893). " Surely children never had a happier 
 home : the nursery and all its patter, hopping, skipping, 
 and singing never disturbed papa ; then the walks, the 
 talks, the teaching, the reading, the writing. Shake- 
 speare, Milton, Southey, Coleridge, Hood and others, 
 all introduced to those children in due course." But 
 what of Mrs. Neale ? We admire the bright scholar 
 and divine, but we must indeed stop to think most 
 highly of his helpmeet ; very few women can be the 
 wife of a great genius with anything like fuU success, 
 but Mrs. Neale was this and more ; one in all his 
 hopes, plans, works, and wishes, with a courage and 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. igi 
 
 energy that no complications of troubles ever seemed 
 to quell, supplying exactly what might be needed in 
 his simple, trustful life (a grandmother, as we used to 
 say, to the sisterhood), musical, which he was not, and 
 indeed the very stay of such a man in all joy and sor- 
 row. I have not space to say more, but can add from 
 one who knew him well that he was most unworldly, 
 unselfish, had very modest views of his own works, 
 and was never one to drive a bargain about them. One 
 instance I remember when his publisher spoke highly, 
 as every one did, of that masterpiece and brilliant his- 
 torical tale Theodora Phranza, or the Siege of Constanti- 
 nople, and suggested another story of the kind. " My 
 good friend, I couldn't write a book to order," was his 
 reply ; and that was true ; all his work was spontaneous, 
 suggested by his own great genius. As in his home 
 so in his life and habits all was most simple and frugal. 
 Sleeping once at a friend's house in Brighton, there was 
 much thought what he would like to eat after a late 
 lecture ; the good man preferred the baked potatoes to 
 anything else on the table. Dr. Neale died in August, 
 1866, and his funeral was attended by hundreds of 
 clergy and laity, and the procession reached half a mile 
 along the street of East Grinstead. Mrs. ISTeale out- 
 lived her husband some eight or nine years. One of 
 her last letters to my friend was to express her thank- 
 fulness that her youngest, Margaret, was about to be 
 married to Malcolm, the son of Mr. Sutherland Graeme 
 
iga RECOLLECTIONS OF OXFORD MOVEMENT. 
 
 (of whom I have already spoken) ; then, in the last words, 
 the true mother's heart spoke, " there is only one thing — 
 one word — the Orkneys for her home ! and that is 
 dismaying to her mother ". The saddest of her letters 
 is concerned with the appointment of a warden as suc- 
 cessor to Dr. Neale, at Sackville College ; imagine the 
 patron, Earl Delaware, being induced to go back to a 
 warden contemplated by the statutes, a single man (in 
 that large home), a layman in that dear chapel, a man 
 incapable and afflicted, who had been an army surgeon 
 and had resided in the town about one year ! Such an 
 appointment was surely an indignity to Dr. Neale's 
 memory. The wondrous way in which the sisterhood 
 flourished and increased after his death showed the 
 power and attraction of the life of him who founded it. 
 
CHAPTEE VIII. 
 
 In a former chapter I spoke of the lonely life led by 
 Mr. Cook at South Benfleet, but it was much the sort of 
 life led by many of the country vicars in Essex before 
 the day of railways ; and in out-of-the-way parishes the 
 vicar, no doubt, became much of a farmer, and more 
 and more removed from the refinement and culture 
 which distinguished the clergy of London and the large 
 towns. And it was just this lowering in manners, and 
 mode of service, that the Church Movement, when 
 some of its endless pamphlets, tracts, sermons, lectures, 
 verses and tales penetrated so far, influenced for a better 
 state of things. 
 
 Perhaps it was one of these old-fashioned vicars, half 
 farmer, half parson, of whom Bishop Blomfield related 
 the story, how he was invited to dinner at Pulham 
 Palace, and, arriving between six and seven, found the 
 party in the full enjoyment of afternoon tea; he enjoyed 
 the tea and cake, etc., and concluded that dinner was 
 over; in this idea he was strengthened when the 
 servants brought in the silver candlesticks, and one of 
 them showed him to his bedroom. Then he thought 
 
 what early and primitive hours the bishop kept. How- 
 
 13 (193) 
 
194 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 ever, he partly undressed and lay down on the bed, 
 and, being tired with his imusual journey, was almost 
 dozing, when there came a knock at the door, and 
 "Dinner's on table, sir," effectually roused him; he 
 was rather late at the dinner-table, and, of course, 
 apologised ; such an unpleasant contretemps can hardly 
 occur again. 
 
 We are now thinking of the brighter state of things 
 which set in after 1840; and in "this same county of 
 Essex there were many of these bright spots. The 
 remembrance of one such place has quite recently oc- 
 curred, and again it is Mr. Heygate who has recorded a 
 little about the life of the late Vicar of Leigh, near South- 
 end, to whom he was curate for some years. Mr. King, 
 the vicar, was brother to the Bishop of Lincoln, and a 
 most worthy worker in his steps. Just before reaching 
 Southend, the fine old tower — quite a seamark — of St. 
 Clement, Leigh, stands out boldly, and the church and 
 services were a blessing to many of the visitors to 
 Southend, who gladly walked out there. On Sunday 
 afternoon the grand old church (Late Perpendicular) 
 was a sight to record ; it was quite full of blue-jackets, 
 who joined well in the bright, hearty service, and 
 listened to the splendid preaching of Mr. Heygate, Mr. 
 King, and sometimes the bishop (then chaplain at 
 Cuddesden College), when he was staying at the 
 vicarage. 
 
 A little lower down is Corringham, where the Rev. S. 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 195 
 
 S. Greatheed was for some years vicar. He was a high 
 authority on old Church music, a contributor to the 
 Ecclesiologist, and set to music some of Dr. Neale's 
 beautiful carols. 
 
 Higher up again, towards Mersea Island, is South- 
 minster, a village five miles from the sea ; it has a large 
 Perpendicular Cruciform church with Norman work. 
 Here, for many years, the Eev. G, C. Berkeley was 
 vicar, a thorough churchman of the Keble and Williams 
 school, and a very bright presence among his friends in 
 London on his occasional visits there. 
 
 At Chelmsford, Colchester, and Hadleigh (especially 
 the latter, so well restored under Chancellor Espin), 
 things were well advancing, and also at Messing, where 
 the Eev. T. Henderson was vicar; he was one of the 
 preachers at St. Bartholomew's, Moor Lane, when the 
 Church revival was begun there with that series of 
 sermons, " Advent Warnings ". Higher up still, on 
 the borders of Suffolk, Mr. Foster, Vicar of Foxearth, 
 had daily service and frequent Communions. 
 
 In 1850 the fine old church of Halstead was restored 
 while Archdeacon Burney (now Vicar of St. Mark's, 
 Surbiton) was vicar. 
 
 In another part of Essex, the good work by Arch- 
 deacon Grant, of Eomford, should be told of ; and not 
 far, at Langdon Hill, is the Eev. Alfred Poole, one of 
 the St. Barnabas clergy who suffered in the misunder- 
 standing and outcry about Confession. His rector, Mr. 
 
ige RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 Liddell, stood by him loyally. At Barking, Mr. Liddell, 
 afterwards of St. Paul's, Knightsbridge, should be ~ 
 thought of. 
 
 Coggeshall, too, with its old church and many in- 
 teresting remains of the Abbey, etc., should be named. 
 Bishop Mant was vicar there in 1813 ; he was chaplain 
 to Archbishop Sutton, and in full correspondence with 
 Joshua Watson, Bishop Van Mildert, and others, about 
 the publications of the S.P.C.K. ; and among them was 
 his JSiUe and Prayer Book Commentary, and other 
 valuable work for those times. Mr. W. J. Dampier 
 was, at the time I refer to, and for some years, vicar 
 here ; and though not very strong, was well known as 
 an excellent churchman, and a kind, hard-working 
 parish priest; to the poor and afflicted he was ever 
 most gentle and helpful. One curious case of accident 
 occurred in his parish, in which Mr. Dampier gave great 
 assistance in many ways. A fine young fellow fell from 
 a large fruit tree on to the ground, and entirely 
 lost the use of his hands and feet. As he lay on his 
 bed, week after week, it was his great trouble that all 
 means of earning a living seemed to be impossible. Then 
 it occurred to him that if he could hold a pencil in his 
 mouth he could copy some drawings or prints, and he 
 was encouraged by the vicar and others, and persevered 
 till in course of time he could make drawings and etch- 
 ings with his mouth, while his kind friends helped him 
 to dispose of them ; and so he was able to earn a little. 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 197 
 
 I remember seeing some of these copies of Vandyke's 
 Charles the First and other heads, and they were etched 
 with wonderful care and accuracy. Mr. Dampier took 
 deep interest in this poor man all his life, and often 
 helped to dispose of his works. 
 
 Mr. Neave, of Epping, was well known as a good 
 churchman. 
 
 We now come to Harlow, a small market town, with 
 a large parish church and two district churches — St. 
 John the Baptist and St. Mary's. In 1835, the Eev. 
 Charles Miller, son of a former vicar, was appointed ; he 
 was fresh from Oxford, where he had been a Demy of 
 Magdalen, and was entirely in accord with the early 
 Tractarian writers and leaders. He was a student, and 
 somewhat eccentric. The subject of tithes and offerings 
 in Old Testament and Christian history he made his 
 study ; and a year after his appointment the famous 
 Tithe Commutation Act was passed, by which tithes 
 were commuted for a rent charge, based on average 
 prices of wheat, barley, oats, etc., for seven years. 
 
 From 1836 to 1847 there were various amendments 
 to this Act, and during the whole of these years Mr. 
 Miller waged tremendous war with the principle of the 
 Tithe Commutation Act, denouncing it as a distinct 
 denial of God's providence, holding that the Divine will 
 was that the tithe should depend on the prosperity and 
 value of the land, the blessing and increase in crops, 
 flocks, and cattle, and so might vary from time to time. 
 
igS RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 The following is the title of one of his protests, and will 
 give our readers some idea of the bold, earnest, and 
 enthusiastic Vicar of Harlow : — 
 
 " Tithes, or Heathenism. Reasons for not accepting 
 the Tithe Commissioners' award, most dutifully and 
 respectfully submitted to the Queen of England, the 
 Parliament, and the People, in a Second Letter to the 
 Eight Honourable Sir George Grey, M.P., Her Majesty's 
 Secretary of State for the Home Department, by Charles 
 Miller, M.A., Vicar of Harlow." 
 
 It is only fair to say that however eccentric or quix- 
 otic he was thought, he had indeed the courage of his 
 convictions, as for years and years he refused to 
 receive any tithes at all. 
 
 I will not inflict upon my readers much more of so 
 dry a subject as tithes, but their sacred origin and 
 history in connection with the course of the Church's 
 work make them a subject of interest to many church- 
 men. Anyway, much attention was drawn to them 
 during the years following the Tithe Commutation Act; 
 and in 1846 a most valuable society was founded, called 
 the "Tithe Eedemption Trust," to encourage spiritual 
 and lay owners of alienated tithes to restore them to the 
 spiritual purposes for which they were originally ordained, 
 to assist such owners, either by grants of money or by 
 paying the expenses of conveyance, or by legal advice, 
 in applying their tithes towards relieving the spiritual 
 destitution of the parish or chapelry whence they arose. 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 199 
 
 by annexing such tithes to the endowment of the parish 
 church or chapel, or by endowing with such tithes new 
 district churches therein. Part of the plan was to make 
 applications to Parliament to facilitate the means of 
 accomplishing these objects. Such names as Lord John 
 Manners, Eev. W. W. Malet of Ardeley, Sir Stephen 
 Glynne, Sir Eoundell Palmer, Dr. Irons, Arthur Powell, 
 Charles Dingwall, with the archbishop and several 
 bishops, were among the founders and patrons. This 
 society continues its labours still in Bridge Street, 
 Westminster. The work was thoroughly practical ; by 
 1864 tithes had by their aid been restored to the Church 
 to the amount of £1035 per annum, and in June, 1885, 
 tithes amounting to £4541 had been restored. 
 
 Mr. Miller, at Harlow, had frequent services, weekly 
 Communion, and a simple but careful ritual. About 
 1839, the district church of St. John the Baptist was 
 built for a distant part of the long straggling parish ; 
 and it is in this church and its incumbent I would seek 
 to interest my readers, with the record of one of the most 
 saintly lives in connection with the Church Movement 
 — not unworthy, if all could be told, to rank with that 
 of the Cure d'Ars — such a life had a good influence on 
 all who were trying to follow in the steps of holy ex- 
 amples. This was Charles Middleton McLeod, who was 
 curate of Latton, an adjoining parish ; and when the 
 district church of St. John the Baptist was built, Mr. 
 Miller offered him the incumbency; there he worked 
 
200 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 for more than thirty years with the stipend of a curate, 
 and was but little known out of his own parish. There 
 is not a great deal to tell, but what little there is should 
 certainly be valued by good Church folk. 
 
 Charles Middleton McLeod was born at Wheeley in 
 Essex, where his father, Dr. Eoderick McLeod, was 
 rector, about the year 1800. Some years after. Dr. 
 McLeod became Eector of St. Anne's, Soho, then an 
 important parish in London, holding rank with St. 
 James's, Piccadilly, and St. George's, Hanover Square. 
 I fear there is nothing to tell of Mr. McLeod's youth. 
 His mother died probably when he was quite young ; 
 and there is no doubt that the quiet, devout life of 
 active goodness which his elder sister, Wilhelmina, led 
 at St. Anne's, had much to do with her brother Charles's 
 course, which developed into the higher life fostered by 
 the Church revival. 
 
 His visits to London were not frequent, and even 
 during his father's lifetime he was never, I think, in St* 
 Anne's Church on a Sunday ; he sometimes took a 
 Baptism or Churching in the week-day, and, as I have 
 said, alarmed the old parish clerk by his deep reverence 
 and devotion, as if he quite realised the sacredness of 
 holy places and things, even though they were not so 
 arranged as to impress it visibly upon us, as happily 
 they often are now. 
 
 It seemed as if he never forgot that he was the 
 servant of his Divine Master. His time, his labour, and 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT 201 
 
 all the money he possessed were spent on the Church 
 and poor of that Master ; to speak of his way of life as 
 simple, would but feebly express the strictness and entire 
 self-denial of his daily course. He allowed himself 
 nothing that was not absolutely necessary ; the utmost 
 recreation that he gave himself on his few visits to 
 London was to hear some good sacred music or concert, 
 to which he was taken by some old friends in his 
 father's parish. When in town, he was sure to be 
 at the early service or celebration at Margaret Chapel 
 or Westminster Abbey. Few country churches could 
 compare with St. John's, Harlow, for plain and simple 
 order; though it was but an ordinary building, with 
 choir stalls, screen, stained-glass windows, organ, 
 organ chamber (almost the last addition he lived 
 to make), frontals, hangings, vestments, and an altar 
 triptych of the Crucifixion, painted by O'Connor, 
 it was yet a beautiful home that will speak of its first 
 vicar for many a day to come. He himself attended to 
 every minute detail of his church and service, and with 
 his own hand prepared every single thing for that 
 worship up to the very last Sunday, when he could 
 scarcely walk to the pulpit for his evening sermon ; 
 nothing was too small, down to the least ornament or 
 vessel, and its belongings, for his own special care. 
 During his incumbency, everything that could add to 
 the goodness of church, churchyard, and service was by 
 degrees procured ; and for this not only would he devote 
 
202 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 all moneys that came into his possession, and the offer- 
 ings of a few who knew him and his work, but he would 
 also part with any personal thing that was not really 
 needed by him. To obtain what was needful for his 
 church or poor he would give all that could be spared 
 by the utmost frugality. He strictly kept all fast-days. 
 Lent, and fasting Communion, with a bright, cheerful 
 way through it all, marking saints' days and festivals 
 by some changes ; and on Sundays, for many years, had 
 some ten or twelve of his poorest parishioners to dine 
 with him — in summer time out on his lawn. No one 
 could visit his home — plain almost to meanness with its 
 simple necessaries — without feeling that his life, and all 
 that he had, was devoted to others. To stay a few days 
 in his house, as a friend once said, was a distinct privi- 
 lege, and going back to town and business was like 
 entering another world. The early and other celebra- 
 tions and services, which he took all those years single- 
 handed, were so many and so frequent that few could be 
 found physically able to go through them. His choir 
 and its work were one of his chief cares ; and as he was 
 a true gentleman of refined and cultured taste, he made 
 the very best of what was after all but a plain village 
 choir. The musical parts of his late celebration were 
 admirably sung by eight or ten of the elder girls in his 
 school, who sat in the seat nearest to the chancel. He 
 was the friend and adviser of every one of his choir, and 
 would write to those who had left his parish and care, 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 203 
 
 and keep them up to the better way of life that he had 
 taught and shown to them. 
 
 Though naturally of a shy and retiring nature, there 
 
 was one occasion in each year when he came, as it 
 
 were, more prominently before his friends, and that was 
 
 on the dedication festival of his church, when he would 
 
 issue invitations to friends in London and elsewhere. 
 
 On each St. John Baptist's Day as it came round, for 
 
 nearly twenty years, early in the morning, some thirty 
 
 or forty ladies and gentlemen might be seen on the 
 
 platform of the Eastern Counties Eailway, on their 
 
 way to spend the day at Harlow ; many of the clergy, 
 
 churchmen, and churchwomeu of London, from Stoke 
 
 Newington, St. Barnabas, St. Bartholomew's, from his 
 
 old parish of St. Anne and others, all looking forward 
 
 with pleasure to do honour to this country dedication 
 
 feast, and join in good wishes for the vicar, who never 
 
 failed to welcome every individual visitor with kind 
 
 words and smile. I must record the names of a few. 
 
 The well-known and beloved physician, Mr. Brett, the 
 
 founder of St. Matthias and the promoter of other 
 
 good schemes of church-building, was seldom absent 
 
 from these gatherings, his genial presence brightening, 
 
 as it were, the whole day, and with him were often his 
 
 closest friends. The names of Beck, Porter, Hazard, 
 
 Nottingham ; the Eev. T. Simpson Evans, Vicar of 
 
 Shoreditch ; Eev. W. Scott, of Christ Church, Hoxton; 
 
 J. Fuller Eussell, Vicar of St. James's, Enfield ; the 
 
204 • RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 Eev. W. J. Blew, and very many others, come to one's 
 mind. The twenty-five miles were soon travelled, and 
 the London visitors were at once in cordial intercourse 
 with the country vicars and friends in the neighbour- 
 hood. The influence of this one saintly man was 
 surely felt all around ; and more reverence, order, and 
 frequent services were to be found in many a quiet, 
 out-of-the-way church in the neighbourhood. The 
 preachers on these occasions were some of the very 
 best men in London and the country. Among his 
 neighbours were Mr. Houghton, of Matching ; Hill, of 
 Sheering; Moody, of Gilston (Gilston Park was the 
 residence for years of J. Plumer "Ward, the author of 
 Tremairte, and a great writer and politician in the days 
 of Lord Melville and Lord Liverpool) ; Malet, Vicar of 
 Ardeley, near Buntingford, and many others. 
 
 A near neighbour of some renown was W. S. Cope- 
 land, Vicar of Farnham, on the other side of the rail- 
 way, for some time curate to Dr. Newman at Littlemore, 
 and a great writer and translator in the literature and 
 hymnology of the Tractarian Movement, editor also 
 of Dr. Newman's Parochial Sermons. On his death in 
 1885, part of his fine library, through his executor, 
 Mr. Copeland Borlase, found a home — let us hope a 
 congenial one — in the Library of the National Liberal 
 Club. 
 
 There was an early celebration, the choral one took 
 place at eleven, when a sermon was preached, and about 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 205 
 
 one rich and poor dined togetlier in a large tent. After 
 dinner there were toasts and speeches (these latter 
 were anything but dry, and were thoroughly enjoyed 
 by every one) ; hearty interchanges of views as to the 
 way in which the work they all cared so much for, was 
 making way; good sound Christian politics, and no 
 unkindness or sarcasm ; and now and then the Vicar of 
 Harlow would bring in his subject of tithes and offer- 
 ings, and speak very straightly about trade and busi- 
 ness, and what was meant by honesty and fair dealing 
 therein. 
 
 One year there was a grand patriarchal clergyman in 
 the company, and he preached and spoke too with all 
 the vigour and brightness of youth, and interested and 
 amused us all with an account of his Gloucestershire 
 parish ; this was the Eev. James Davies, Vicar of Aben- 
 hall, not far from Stroud, then in his eightieth year ; 
 this was the vicar to whom Mr. Thomas Keble in 1829 
 introduced Isaac Williams for his title and first curacy, 
 the curacy of Windrush (on which Thomas Keble had 
 been ordained fourteen years before). Isaac Williams 
 records it in his autobiography : " I was ordained at 
 Christmas, and lived there for two years with James 
 Davies, my vicar, who has been my most esteemed 
 friend ever since ". 
 
 About 150 of the poor sat down to dinner, and even- 
 song with a sermon was at half-past three. Tea was 
 at five, and the rest of the day was much enjoyed, and 
 
2o6 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 spent in various games and amusements for the school 
 children. The reality and earnestness of this simple 
 festival impressed all who had the happiness to join 
 in it, and to the London folk especially it was most 
 refreshing and encouraging. 
 
 This dedication festival was discontinued about 1861, 
 so far as invitations to friends at a distance went, be- 
 cause it involved an outlay that the vicar could not 
 spare from the church and parish ; but it was always 
 kept for the school children, choir and poor, and he 
 took care that they should thoroughly enjoy St. John 
 the Baptist's Day as it came round, up to the last that 
 he saw on earth. 
 
 And as his life was, so was his death, on Septua- 
 gesima, 1871. In his last illness, though he was in 
 much pain, he still thought of others, and also calmly 
 and clearly gave all directions for his own burial to 
 every particular, and received his last communion from 
 an old friend and neighbour. He was, by his own 
 desire, laid in the church till the funeral, in the vest- 
 ments in which he had been wont for years to celebrate 
 the blessed Sacrament, and many went in to pray and 
 take a farewell look at him who had been to them a 
 pattern and a shepherd true indeed. 
 
 The funeral was one to be remembered. Such a life, 
 though most quiet and self-renouncing, could not but 
 attract, and very many were there to whom such a loss 
 could not easily be supplied. The hymns "Jesus lives," 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 207 
 
 and " Brother, now thy toils are over," were sung. 
 After the burial service lesson, holy communion was 
 celebrated by the Vicar of St. Mary Magdalen's Church, 
 Harlow, served by Mr. Miller, vicar of the parish 
 church. The church was full of earnest, sorrowing 
 parishioners and friends. Among the special mourners 
 were his friend and executor, the Eev. A. B. Goulden, 
 formerly Curate of St. Peter's, Vauxhall, and now for 
 twenty years an earnest labourer in his poor South 
 London parish of St. Alphege, Southwark ; Mr. and 
 Mrs. Gauntlett, Mr. Perry Watlington, the s(iuire of the 
 parish, the vicars of the surrounding parishes, and other 
 old friends. The service was bright, as he would have 
 had it. The grave was at the back of the chancel, a 
 spot selected by himself. 
 
 His will was written as he dictated, with a profession 
 of faith and an offering of his soul to God in deepest 
 humility and sense of unworthiness. He had kept but 
 little money, though in his life-time money had been 
 left to him ; he left remembrances to the poor and his 
 god-children, etc., and the rest was to go to keep his 
 old servant and his wife for their lives. The other dis- 
 trict church of St. Mary Magdalen's, Harlow, has a good 
 record of real work up to the present day. The vicar is 
 Mr. Elwell, whose labours have been successful in rais- 
 ing a substantial and beautiful church in the place of 
 the very small original church of the district. 
 
 In making a longer record of such lives as this, and 
 
2oS RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 of Mr. Cook, of South Benfleet, it may be borne in 
 mind that they are but specimens of many hundred 
 such lives which could be written, and that it was by 
 such that the Movement spread and affected the daily 
 lives of many thousands. 
 
 There are two other short sketches of country clergy. 
 One is of the Eev. Eobert Alfred Suckling, Perpetual 
 Curate of Bussage, near Stroud, whose memoir, with 
 correspondence, was written by Mr. Isaac Williams in 
 1852, to perpetuate the influence of such a character 
 beyond his immediate circle; and from this some of 
 these notes are taken. He was the eldest son and heir 
 of the ancient family of that name at Woodton, in 
 Norfolk. The name is familiar : Sir John Suckling, the 
 poet, and his father (who was privy councillor to Kings 
 James and Charles I.) were of the same family, as were 
 the mother of Lord Nelson and her brother, Captain 
 Suckling. E. A. Suckling was a sailor from 1831 to 
 1839. He left the sea from no feeling of disappoint- 
 ment, but he aspired to some higher and better life, and 
 this feeling was strengthened by having been twice 
 restored, when almost beyond hope, from the yellow 
 fever on the coast of Africa. In 1839 he submitted to 
 a large sacrifice in consenting to cut off the entail of 
 the Woodton property. He went to Caius College, 
 Cambridge, and was ordained on a title to Kemerton, 
 under the vicar, Archdeacon Thorp, a model high 
 churchman and parish priest, through whose work with 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 209 
 
 his curates, many of the best men in the Church were 
 sent forth. Of this vicar Mr. Suckling records the 
 kindness and generosity; he gave him a very liberal 
 stipend, and begged him to spend the income of the 
 living as if he were rector so frequently that he had 
 no hesitation in laying out money in his name — five, 
 ten, and even twenty pounds at a time. Of his curate. 
 Archdeacon Thorp tells how great was his influence 
 in infusing life and power into the outward forms of 
 godliness, then assuming their place in the Movement. 
 
 Mr. Suckling set to work to know every one in the 
 parish, opened and closed the schools daily with prayers. 
 He made acquaintance with many who had leisure 
 while walking, both at Kemerton and at Bussage ; 
 his was a close individual concern and sympathy 
 for others ; he did not consider it enough to take a 
 family collectively, but every member of that family was 
 the object of his concern and care. A neighbour noticed 
 that it was remarkable how he would watch and wait 
 whole days and nights on one of his flock, waiting for an 
 opportunity, if haply he might find it, to gain that 
 pne. 
 
 In 1846 he was absent from ill-health, but even in 
 illness and absence that watchful care and tender- 
 ness for the objects of his charge characterised all his 
 letters, of which a great many are printed in Mr. Isaac 
 Williams' memoir. 
 
 In 1846 he was able to accept the charge of the new 
 14 
 
210 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 church at Bussage, near Bisley. A family at that 
 time resident in the parish of Bisley had united to 
 build a church there, and this became known to a party 
 of young men at Oxford, who had among themselves 
 raised £2000 to build a church in some place where an 
 endowment could be procured, and the Church system 
 carried out. The church was worthy of the lovelj'' spot 
 and of the good purpose of the unknown founders. 
 There Mr. Suckling set to work; it was peculiar to 
 him to dare and venture, and to succeed : in the parish, 
 the church and services, the choir, the dispensary, the 
 workhouse, and afterwards the penitentiary, all went 
 together with real work ; the quality by which his 
 friends described him was " reality " — his singular 
 reality. 
 
 It was said that he realised in life the unseen to a 
 remarkable degree. His influence was wonderful, and 
 he felt deeply how responsible he was in that way. A 
 friend once observed that " it was more easy to be re- 
 ligious in conversation and action in his house than iu 
 any other. On my first visit — it was just upon twelve 
 o'clock — he gently asked me if I would join with him 
 in his usual prayer for that hour from Bishop Gosin's 
 Devotions." It was the custom of John Keble and 
 his curates to be in church some time before service ; 
 and this was Mr. Suckling's plan too, interceding for 
 those of his flock who did come to church, and for those 
 who were hindered. 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 211 
 
 His letters show his great power of sympathy, com- 
 passion, and gentleness for every kind of difficulty, 
 pain, distress, and suffering. He would visit the dis- 
 pensary at Stroud, and the workhouse, and would re- 
 mark to his curate that he never left the sick ward 
 without feeling strengthened. Many of those who had 
 letters from him would say, " I have known no greater 
 earthly consolation in trouble than his gentle words and 
 affectionate sympathy ". 
 
 Mr. Suckling was liberal to the utmost extent of his 
 power: he subscribed to the fund for building Perth 
 Cathedral, and among the offerings were several articles 
 of plate, with two crests upon them ; and a friend hinted 
 that they probably constituted the last articles of that 
 kind, or value, that he possessed. Time and space 
 would fail to tell of his care for the young, the sick, and 
 the poor, and the way in which he helped them by 
 word and by his letters. I make room for one instance : 
 A woman had a little boy killed at a mill : she was 
 asked if she had seen Mr. Suckling. "0 yes," she 
 replied, " I sent for him at once ; I felt as if I knew 
 not how to bear it till he came." In 1851, a house of 
 mercy — a refuge — was established in that part, with 
 sisters of mercy, and he threw himself heartily into the 
 work as chaplain. 
 
 He died on All Saints' Day, 1851, having celebrated 
 the Holy Communion in the morning. The last few 
 weeks of his life he seemed to be preparing for the end, 
 
212 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 as if he knew it was coming; he spent, we are told, 
 hours daily in intercession for his little flock, whose 
 every trial was his care. His heart was set upon them. 
 And he was laid amidst that flock in the churchyard on 
 the lovely slope of the Gloucestershire hills. A vignette 
 of the church engraved by Willmore is on the title-page 
 of Mr. Williams' memoir. 
 
 One more short memory is that of the Eev. Thomas 
 H. B. Bund, M.A., of Trinity College, Cambridge, eldest 
 son of Colonel Bund, of Upper Wick, Worcester. After 
 his degree he was a student of the Inner Temple, and 
 was called to the Bar, and for two years went the Oxford 
 Circuit. He was some short time after a candidate for 
 ordination, and was ordained deacon and priest by the 
 Bishop of Gloucester and Bristol. He, too, was a 
 curate in Gloucestershire, at Stroud, then under the 
 charge of the Eev. Matthew Blagden Hale, afterwards 
 Archdeacon of Adelaide, South Australia, and had a 
 district church at Whiteshill assigned to him. Here he 
 laboured, and devoted himself to the people with all his 
 power, and they came to love and value him. Failing 
 health came on, and he tried the air of South Devon, 
 and then went to Malta and Egypt. After a stay at 
 Malvern, he felt unfit to go back to the work of his 
 parish ; yet, anxious to do his Master's work among the 
 poor, he took lodgings at Kidderminster for that purpose. 
 He spent some weeks at Chelsea (the air of which had 
 still some reputation for salubrity iu consumption cases). 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 213 
 
 and a few weeks at Ventnor, where he died|oii the 6th 
 June, 1846, and was buried at St. John's, Worcester. 
 His relations all bore witness that he never thought of 
 himself, but did all he could to assist his fellow-creatures. 
 Just before he died he received the first copy of his little 
 book called Aids to a Holy Life, in form of self-ex- 
 amination on the following subjects : The Eight Employ- 
 ment of Time — Humility — Brotherly Love — Government 
 of the Tongue — Modest and becoming Behaviour — The 
 Love of Money — Chastity — Mortification — Patience — 
 Doing all Things for the Sake of God — In Time of 
 Sickness, on Conformity to the Will of God. This little 
 work of seventy pages was his only contribution to the 
 literature of the Church Movement, but it was practical 
 and useful, and helped others in the^good'jway which 
 during his short life on earth he had'so carefully trod. 
 
CHAPTEE IX. 
 
 In recording some smaller villages where Church work 
 was done, it is feared that there may be a great deal of 
 sameness in the narrative ; and yet, if we are to give 
 some idea of how the Movement made its way in towns 
 and villages, it will not do to leave them out. 
 
 Of course, there is no pretence at a complete list ; 
 indeed, to attempt that would require a small library. 
 The power and strength of the Movement are fairly 
 shown by the large number of towns and villages of 
 which mention can be made. Brighton has certainly 
 been for many years a very important centre, and the 
 seekers after health and enjoyment there have found 
 Church privileges that scarcely belong to any other 
 town of its size and population. We will take first a 
 few places near. At Ditchling, on the South Downs, 
 Mr. Hutchinson did good work for many years ; and the 
 simple, solid restoration of that church was quite an 
 example for those who are given to the idea that a spick- 
 and-span newness is the true principle of restoration. 
 Mr. Campion, of Westmeston, close by, was ever the 
 kind, genial country parson and gentleman, while the 
 
 head of his family, Mr. Campion, of Danny Park, was a 
 
 (214) 
 
RECOLLECTIONS OF OXFORD MOVEMENT. 215 
 
 true model of an English squire and churchman, and 
 Mrs. Campion was his helpmeet in all good plans 
 and works of kindness. At St. Michael and -St. Anne's, 
 Lewes, increase of services and reverence were con- 
 spicuous ; and, as we go towards Newhaven, we pass 
 the scene of the Eev. H. M. Buck's thirty years' labours 
 at Seaford, a bright and pleasant seaside resort, but 
 not by any means an easy kind of material on which to 
 work in Church matters ; but Mr. Buck has never been 
 daunted, and soon after he became vicar the ancient 
 parish church was restored and a spacious chancel 
 added. Then the fine old tower was restored, with a 
 new clock and bell and a new roof to the nave, and new 
 framework for the eight bells. Daily service, weekly 
 Communion, Saints' Day Communion, have been kept 
 up for years : very few small seaside towns are blessed 
 with all the privileges that Mr. Buck has given to 
 Seaford. Pevensey, too, has for years had a vicar of the 
 good old Church school. Archdeacon Sutton ; and a 
 little way inland is Hurstmonceaux, so long the resi- 
 dence of the Hares, that brilliant and talented family, 
 the friends of F. D. Maurice, and his sister, the authoress 
 of Sickness, its Trials and Blessings, etc. The rector of 
 later years, Mr. Wilde, is one of a more orthodox 
 school. Bexhill was in very early days under a vicar, 
 Mr. Simpson, one of the genuine Oxford school 
 of divines. Within a walk of Bexhill comes St. 
 Leonard's-on-Sea, where the pioneer of the Church 
 
2i6 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 Movement in that part of the county, the Eev. C. L. 
 Vaughan, of Christ Church, has been labouring for 
 thirty years, and claims the gratitude of very many 
 churchmen and churchwomen who have had the 
 privileges in Church matters that have been provided 
 for them, both as residents and as visitors in search of 
 health and strength. The fine and costly church which 
 he has built, the beautiful and constant services, with all 
 the adjuncts of ceremonial and orthodox teaching ; the 
 influence and example afforded by him and his clergy in 
 that now populous suburb of Hastings, call indeed for 
 the heartfelt thanks of all true churchmen. St. John 
 the Divine is a church close to this district, where ex- 
 cellent work is done. In Hastings itself, though some 
 of the churches were in early days of an old-fashioned 
 type, the work has more recently developed in the best 
 direction, — especially in the church of Holy Trinity, 
 where the genial and hard-working Dr. Sanderson, 
 formerly Headmaster of Lancing, is doing a great work 
 as vicar of that parish ; the Canonry, which is sup- 
 posed to give time for rest and study, being used to 
 enable him to be the hard-working parish priest, — with 
 a daily celebration and most constant and carefully 
 arranged services, and preaching of a very high order. 
 His Parish Magazine is a model for such a town, parish, 
 and work. 
 
 Some way inland, again, is Little Horsted, the seat 
 of Mr. Francis Barchard, one of those laymen whose 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 217 
 
 quiet, constant life has been a considerable power, 
 and his years of work for the community of East 
 Grinstead alone deserve deep admiration and ac- 
 knowledgment. 
 
 The work at Brighton began in the early days of the 
 fifties, with the building of St. Paul's Church in West 
 Street, the incumbent of which was the Eev. Arthur 
 Douglas Wagner, sou of the Eev. Henry Michell 
 Wagner, the then Vicar of Brighton ; and, no doubt, 
 very much of the work done in Brighton afterwards 
 was due to the fact that this clever, business-like, and 
 earnest vicar, of the old-fashioned orthodox type, 
 of the Joshua Watson, Churton, and Sikes school, was 
 at the head of matters. Tall, thin, and active, Mr. 
 Wagner about the town, in his small narrow brougham, 
 was a familiar figure for years. A few years before the 
 time of which we speak, it seemed quite a wonder that 
 a little old church at the top of a steep hill — restored in 
 1853 as a memorial to the Duke of Wellington — was 
 the parish church of that rapidly growing town ; 
 there assembled all the parochial officials of the town, 
 and the church was almost inconveniently crowded at 
 every service. In those days, too, the Evangelical party 
 was in possession of most of the popular churches and 
 chapels in the town — Mr. Clay at St. Margaret's, Mr. 
 Vaughan at Christ Church, Mr. E. V. Elliott at St. 
 Mary's, Mr. Maitland at St. James's Chapel. At the 
 Chapel Eoyal, Mr. Trocke was of the old-fashioned. 
 
2i8 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 orthodox school, as were also the Kev. Eobert Anderson 
 and the Eev. C. E. Kennaway. Mr. Robertson at 
 Trinity Chapel, Ship Street, was of no school but his 
 own. Many of these chapels were wonderfully trans- 
 formed in after days, and all of them more or less 
 improved in outward matters as time went on. Mr. 
 Henry Venn Elliott's large Grecian style of chapel was 
 to develop into a very fine Gothic church, very much 
 after the style of one of Mr. Pearson's best buildings ; 
 St. James's was to go through a great transformation, 
 and then to settle down into its present neat and simple 
 church ; St. Margaret's and the Chapel Eoyal (once a 
 perfect wilderness of pews, with the Eoyal Arms as the 
 great piece of symbolism) were hardly to be recognised ; 
 and Trinity Chapel, Ship Street, was to be much adorned 
 and beautified. But in 1850 these buildings still had 
 their set form of worship: high pews, the altar behind 
 the three-decker, curtains, cushions, amen-clerk, choir 
 in gallery, etc., etc. The Eev. Henry Venn Elliott, of 
 St. Mary's, was looked upon as the successor of Cecil, 
 Venn, Simeon, and the best of the Puritan school. 
 In many ways there seemed a less rigid line drawn 
 between these and the early High Churchmen. Dr. 
 Pusey's son was at school in Sussex Square ; the 
 school attended St. Mary's Chapel, and he was pre- 
 pared for Confirmation by Mr. Henry Venn Elliott, the 
 incumbent : Mrs. Bartlett's was a well-known and suc- 
 cessful school, and afterwards, under her son-in-law, the 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 219 
 
 Eev. Charles Young, who was a High Churchman, well 
 maintained its character and success. Some of those 
 early Evangelicals, too, improved their services in many- 
 matters, especially the Eev. James Vaughan, one of the 
 best and most deeply respected : it was said that he was 
 most anxious for the better observance of Ascension Day, 
 and had a celebration of Holy Communion for his people ; 
 but even with his great influence and power it was not 
 easy to bring many of his congregation up to that level. 
 On the vexed subject of Evening Communion it was said 
 that Mr. Vaughan told his people from the pulpit that 
 if any one came to the evening celebration who could 
 by any possibility come at any other time he would 
 discontinue it. Mr. Vaughan was large-hearted, and 
 always spoke of Dr. Neale with affection and regard 
 as an early member of his congregation, and appreciated 
 the gift of some of his books from a friend. 
 
 Mr. H. M. Wagner's curates at the parish church 
 were of the same school as himself, such as Mr. Mitchell 
 and C. E. Douglass : the latter published two small 
 books, the Doctrine of Holy Baptism, and The One Fold 
 of Christ. Later on Mr. Wagner had for one of 
 his curates Mr. Purchas, and it was from that 
 curacy that he took the incumbency of St. James's 
 Chapel, in St. James's Street. The building of St. 
 Paul's in West Street was certainly the first important 
 step of the Movement in Brighton, and the vicar was 
 known to take the greatest interest in his son's church 
 
220 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 and work, and for some years was a frequent preacher 
 in it. Brighton Vicarage was a large Gothic mansion 
 in its own grounds, at the top of Montpelier Road, and 
 there for years lived the vicar, his sister, Miss Wagner 
 (of whom very many still have a loving remembrance, 
 and who, up to the last days of her active life, was 
 ever engaged in helping forward all that was good and 
 true), the Rev. A. D. Wagner, and frequently Mr. 
 Henry Wagner, a barrister and younger brother. St. 
 Paul's has been for more than forty years too well 
 known and valued by thousands to need much de- 
 scription — its grand chancel, altar, altar triptych by 
 Rossetti, standard lights, with everything of the very 
 best and most costly, lovingly added to year after year 
 with enrichments in metal-work, paintings, decorations, 
 stained-glass windows, etc., throughout. Such an im- 
 mense advance on anything Brighton had known before 
 1850 was much talked about, and hundreds came from 
 far and wide to see this beautiful church and to join in 
 such a service of worship, praise and thanksgiving as 
 few then had dreamed of. No wonder it was thronged 
 with devout worshippers ; and the work of the church- 
 wardens and vergers was no sinecure ; at the time of the 
 late celebration the one narrow chancel-screen door, as 
 the only ingress to and egress from the altar, required 
 careful and firm attention, and on Sunday evenings the 
 churchwardens and four vergers failed often to find seats 
 for all the people who came. Perhaps the best time to 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 221 
 
 really impress one with the great beauty of this church 
 was at the early communion on fine Sunday mornings. 
 In early days, Mr. White, the organist, who has left a 
 memory of much that was excellent both as a church- 
 man and a musician, was present, and often collected 
 the offertory ; and at Evensong, who can forget the 
 thrill and outburst of song in those grand Parisian 
 tones for the Magnificat and Nunc Dimittis, kept up for 
 years without change or intermission, almost a type of 
 the simple unchanging firmness and determination of 
 the first and present incumbent, who was never one 
 given to much change in the ritual and service of his 
 church ? As years went on all that could enhance and 
 improve would be added, till a clear, definite ceremonial 
 was arrived at, in thorough accordance with the rubrics 
 and the catholic and historical character of the Church 
 of England ; and that ritual, come what might, through 
 storm and sunshine, was and has been well and truly 
 maintained. Of course, there were storms, and they 
 were bravely borne, and a brilliant record might be 
 made of the early years of St. Paul's ; excellent hard- 
 working clergy and a congregation thoroughly appreci- 
 ating all their work and teaching. Besides the Vicar of 
 Brighton, Mr. Arthur Wagner had the help of the Eev. 
 W. Gresley, Prebendary of Lichfield, for nearly seven 
 years, till the Church of All Saints, Boyne Hill, was 
 built in 1857. Mr. Gresley's share in spreading the 
 truest principles of the Church Movement by his works. 
 
222 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 sermons, tales, historical and theological, is well known, 
 bringing the various details of improved doctrine and 
 ritual into every-day practice in such stories as 
 Bernard Leslie, the modern curate facing the dust 
 and neglect and abuses of ages, and doing battle with 
 the opposing churchwardens and those who liked to 
 " let all such things alone " ; and in his Portrait of an 
 English Churchman, showing us the thorough gentle- 
 man and churchman in heart and action; and in his 
 stories for children, so fresh and wholesome. All 
 recognised the effect of Mr. Gresley's Sunday 
 evening sermons on the young people of that 
 large congregation : this work has been well carried on 
 by others since, especially by the Eev. J. H. Ashley 
 Gibson, once a curate at St. Barnabas, Pimlico. All 
 honour to such men of one curacy in oar Church ! As 
 in other matters, so in the case of his curates, Mr. 
 Wagner seldom changed ; and a record of good names 
 could indeed be made, though it would not be easy 
 to make it chronologically. About 1855, Charles 
 Beanlands was curate, afterwards well known and 
 respected as the Vicar of St. Michael's, Brighton. A 
 sermon of his at St. Paul's on St. Michael's Day in that 
 year, seemed almost to give, as it were, the key-note to 
 his future church and parish ; it was an extempore 
 sermon of about half-an-hour, and in it the preacher 
 went through every mention of Angels and their of&ce 
 in the Bible ; it was so well done, with no hesitation 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 223 
 
 or apparent stop for a word, that in coming out, a friend 
 asked how it was done ; I think some one who knew 
 replied that there was no doubt it was learnt off by 
 heart. To those who remember that sermon, it was 
 almost a coincidence to hear that the preacher was 
 chosen as the first incumbent of the Church of St. 
 Michael and All Angels, built by the munificence of the 
 Misses Windle, who afterwards resided at Oxford. St. 
 Michael's has a little history of its own, and curates and 
 friends of its own ; so we will go back for a while to St. 
 Paul's and its special curates. One name, I am sure, 
 still stands out pre-eminently in the hearts and minds 
 of those who were privileged to know him : it is that of 
 the Rev. Randolph Payne, one of a family ever devoted to 
 St. Paul's and its work. The father (also Mr. Randolph 
 Payne, who lived at one time in Sloane Street, and went 
 daily to St. Paul's, Knightsbridge) was one of its earliest 
 churchwardens ; and his widow and children, ever one in 
 their constant attendance and work, have devoted a 
 life's service. A younger son, the Rev. Alfred Payne, 
 worked for some time in the north part of the town, at 
 the Church of St. Bartholomew, where he was much 
 valued and esteemed, till on his marriage he settled 
 in a Yorkshire vicara,ge. But we are chiefly speaking 
 of the elder brother, for nearly forty years curate of St. 
 Paul's. There is not much to tell in the story of such 
 a life, living at home with his family, taking a full share 
 in the services of St. Paul's, seldom preaching (though 
 
224 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 when he did he reminded one of Keble and Isaac 
 Williams, and of the Plain Sermons hy the Contributors 
 to the Tracts for the Times), little known to the outside 
 world, but very much known to those who needed 
 him as the true friend, adviser, and guide; such a 
 gentle influence and saintly life most surely made a 
 lasting mark on those who knew and on some who only 
 heard of him ; a lady who knew him used to say that 
 she could hot help thinking of him when she heard the 
 words, " ye holy and humble men of heart ". The 
 Rev. Randolph Payne died in March, 1889, and will be 
 best known as friend and curate to Mr. Arthur Wagner; 
 he had first the curacy of Chilton Folliott, Wilts, under 
 Mr. Popham, one of the chaplains to Bishop Hamilton, 
 of Salisbury, and then, for a short time, that of Wiston, 
 under Mr. Napier, the parish in which stands Chancton- 
 bury Ring, that famous hill with its splendid views (the 
 Rev. Charles Goring was and is the squire): years after, 
 it was pleasing to hear Mr. Napier often speak of Mr. 
 Payne, remembering him with much regard. The Rev. 
 R. Hammond, once at Bradfield and chaplain to one of 
 Mr. Woodard's colleges, was also curate of St. Paul's 
 for some years. The Rev. John Purchas, who had 
 written and compiled the Directorium Anglicanum, 
 when a curate at Orwell, near Cambridge, settled 
 down in Brighton and was curate for some time 
 at St. Paul's, where his slight and youthful appearance 
 and quaint sermons (somewhat after the model of 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 225 
 
 Dr. A. B. Evans) interested many people. Some 
 years after, Mr. Purchas became curate to Mr. 
 Wagner, sen., at the parish church, and by him 
 was presented to the incumbency of St. James's Chapel 
 on the death of Mr. Maitland, — but the story of that 
 chapei will come later on in our sketch. When the 
 Directorium came out with its details of ceremonial and 
 ritual, which were at first somewhat more historical and 
 archaeological than practical, it was said that visitors to 
 Cambridge went over to Orwell expecting to see the 
 Directorium in full force and practice, and were really 
 much surprised and a little disappointed to find only a 
 curate, with no power to change most of the old-fashioned 
 ritual, driving to church in a by no means severe clerical 
 costume. 
 
 But though it is not easy or to be expected that 
 sketches such as this will follow in their due course as 
 to time and date, we may now go on to tell that a 
 beautiful church and constant services, a large con- 
 gregation and much appreciation, were a very small part 
 of Mr. Arthur Wagner's plans for the spiritual and 
 temporal good of his native towu. Very soon St. Mary's 
 Home, carried on in several houses in Queen Square, at 
 the top of Korth Street, and up the side of the steep hill 
 (Wykeham Terrace) leading to the old church, was in 
 full work ; here soon came a goodly number of sisters. 
 The first superior of the home, Miss Gream, was sister 
 to Dr. Gream, the physician (and also sister to the 
 
 15 
 
226 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 "Mother Ann" of East G-rinstead). Sister Harriet, 
 Miss Hutton, Miss Milner, and others are still remem- 
 bered with affection. The works of St. Mary's Home 
 were many and important. In it was a home and 
 refuge for penitents ; a home and school for children 
 whose own homes were too sad to be worthy of such a 
 sacred name ; a hospital and dispensary ; a middle-class 
 school, giving a good education to the daughters of 
 poorer clergy and others who had small incomes ; and 
 other works, in some of which Mr. Wagner was 
 assisted by several of the ladies of St. Paul's con- 
 gregation, some of whom lived near at hand and devoted 
 themselves in many ways. One such name I will record, 
 though very many others will come to mind ; it is that 
 of Miss Phillips, daughter of the well-known portrait 
 painter and Eoyal Academician of that name. 
 
 One of the earliest district churches built by Mr. 
 Wagner was that of St. Mary Magdalene's, Bread Street, 
 a small street running between Church Street and North 
 Eoad, right in the midst of a poor fisher and working 
 population. This was opened with a bright and cheerful 
 service, the Bishop of Brechin preaching. This church 
 was served for a time chiefly by the St. Paul's clergy; but 
 one of the earliest of the curates to have special charge 
 of it was the Rev. James H. Cooper, who worked here 
 among the poor people for some years, and had the 
 happy knack of being as genial and as much at home 
 with them all as he was with the richer members of St. 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 227 
 
 Paul's congregation. Mr. Cooper preached well and 
 plainly, and had many friends, among them such men 
 as the author of Tom Brown's School Days; and one 
 evening I remember the visit of Mr. Baring Gould to 
 say "good-bye," on his leaving St. John's College, Hurst- 
 pierpoint, where he had been for a short time a master. 
 Who would have thought that the tall, fair, bright, 
 youthful-looking man would develop into the volumi- 
 nous author, the biographer, historian, antiquary, sermon 
 writer, and novelist, whom we seem to know so well ? 
 The choir was hearty but rough ; indeed, the material 
 was poor, and, as Mr. Cooper used to say, what voice 
 could you expect from boys who probably had but a few 
 herrings a week for food ? Their exceeding drowsiness 
 was a trial in some ways ; — one has heard of the school- 
 master who left his class standing, telling his wife, to 
 wake him in three minutes, and then went back to his 
 class refreshed : one of the boys in Bread Street choir 
 certainly excelled this in rapid somnolence ; he would 
 go fast asleep during the alternate verses of the Magni- 
 ficat, waking up each time as his own verse came round. 
 Mr. Cooper was for some years curate to Mr. Maberly 
 at Cuckfield, and left to take the Vicarage of Tarporley, 
 in Cheshire, where he had a far more beautiful and 
 reverent service than most country towns around that 
 part were at all accustomed to. In later years, much to 
 his own content and happiness, no doubt, Mr. Cooper 
 has returned to the place of his early curacy as Vicar of 
 
228 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 Cuckfield, succeeding Archdeacon Mount, himself a 
 worthy successor to Mr. Maberly. For some years 
 after this, St. Mary Magdalene's, Bread Street, was 
 worked by the Eev. J. P. Kane, a well-known worker 
 in the Movement, first at Cowley, then at St. George's- 
 in-the-East, a most hardworking and indefatigable man : 
 we used to say he was made of cast-iron, nothing 
 fatigued him; one of the churchwardens of St. Paul's 
 helped in the choir with him and read the lessons. Dr. 
 Littledale, when in Brighton, which he often was, would 
 frequently help and preach here : on one occasion I re- 
 marked to him that it was rather hard on us that we 
 could not very decently laugh outright at some of the 
 anecdotes in his sermon. "Now, that's just what I 
 would like you to have done," he replied. 
 
 Those who know the various steep hills that run up 
 eastward from the Old Steyne and Lewes Eoad will 
 understand that the dwellers on those heights had great 
 distances to go to any church in those early days. St. 
 John's, Carlton Hill, the only church near, was not at 
 all an easy place to find, though the incumbent, the 
 Eev. Aaron Augustus Morgan, was a genial and well- 
 known figure in Brighton : somewhat of a poet and 
 Shakespearian scholar, he was known more in those 
 ways than in that of the parish priest. Up one of these 
 steep ascents, at the top of Southover Street, Mr. Wagner 
 built another district church, to be known as the Church 
 of the Annunciation ; then at first worked by the Eev. 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 229 
 
 Charles Anderson, now Vicar of St. John's, Limehouse, 
 and afterwards for some years by the Eev. Christopher 
 Thompson, an excellent churchman and good musician, 
 once at St. Bartholomew's, Moor Lane, and afterwards 
 Vicar of Pensax, Worcestershire. The work here went 
 forward, and the late Eev. George Chapman was ap- 
 pointed first vicar of this church. The story of his 
 wonderfully holy life, and death in the midst of his 
 work, is still fresh in the memory of all who knew him. 
 It is now many years since I first saw him, a young 
 man who had just taken his degree at Cambridge ; it 
 was at Liverpool, on the occasion of his brother's 
 marriage, in the days of Mr. Bramah and Mr. Parnell 
 at St. James-the-Less there. He was then the quiet, 
 retiring scholar, and became one of the most saintly of 
 the Church's priests, living a life that seemed to com- 
 mand the love and regard not only of his own people 
 and flock, but of the very town itself, as was witnessed 
 at his funeral. A small volume, with a few sketches 
 and recollections, was put together and published by 
 the Eev. J. B. De la Bere, Vicar of the district church 
 of Buxted, and a still more complete life is now edited 
 by the Eev. Alfred G-urney. 
 
 The next advance in Mr. Wagner's work was the 
 building of the great Church of St. Bartholomew, in the 
 northern part of the town, where for some time, in a 
 temporary church, Mr. Alfred Payne and others had 
 been working. This building is not easy to describe : 
 
230 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 very simple, of solid brickwork, with variations of 
 colour, and of the grandest proportions ; in height it 
 rivals Westminster Abbey, and alarmed some people, 
 among others the Town Council, lest the light 
 should be obstructed ; but Mr. Wagner, when he built, 
 counted the cost in more ways than one, and throughout 
 all obstruction and opposition went on his way. Like 
 all that he did, everything was substantial and hand- 
 some ; and this church, as most of the others, has now 
 been for some years a separate vicarage, endowed, and 
 worked by a staff of four or five clergy, with a most 
 correct and beautiful service and ritual, and full paro- 
 chial works and scheme, bringing the Church and her 
 system into people's hearts and lives. Mr. Collis, the 
 late vicar, was known for years at St. Paul's, Knights- 
 bridge. Mr. Parnell, of St. Margaret's, Liverpool, is one 
 of the clergy. 
 
 The next church was built by Mr. Wagner and his 
 brothers ; and the story of that magnificent Church of St. 
 Martin, Lewes Eoad, further north beyond St. Bartholo- 
 mew's, is full of interest. As I have said, the old vicar 
 of Brighton was an earnest worker and full of active 
 energy in the care of his parish, soon to surpass in size 
 and importance any town of the kind in England. On 
 the way to the northern part of the town, between the 
 Downs, on the Lewes Road, was a part where was little 
 spiritual provision of Church or parish work. On the 
 way to the Lewes Eoad is the large church of St. Peter's, 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 231 
 
 with its imposing Gothic ornaments and tower, standing 
 in its own grounds ; but beyond that and on past the 
 Level there was no church. In those early days, St. 
 Peter's was held by Mr. Cooke, an old friend of the 
 Vicar of Brighton, and of the same orthodox school; Mr. 
 Cooke at least was not afraid to invite Dr. Pusey to 
 preach two sermons at St. Peter's during the time of his 
 suspension from preaching at the University. (Dr. 
 Pusey also preached for Mr. Chanter, at Ilfracombe, 
 during that period.) In 1842, J. Mason Neale won- 
 dered how his friend Berkeley Addison, then curate to 
 the vicar, and helping sometimes at St. Peter's, had no 
 definite idea or feeling of the necessity and design of a 
 chancel, and spoke of the symbolism of what once was, 
 and will again, he trusted, be a principal part of a 
 church. This hope as to St. Peter's was a long time 
 coming ; but under Dr. Hannah, St. Peter's became the 
 parish church, and both he and his son and successor 
 planned the addition of chancel, etc., making St. Peter's 
 more worthy of its position as the parish church of 
 Brighton. About the Lewes and Ditchling Eoad part, 
 a district of some six or seven thousand was growing 
 up ; and Mr. Arthur Wagner had placed a temporary 
 church, in which worked the Eev. J. M. Fincher, now 
 Eector of Pett, in Sussex, and others; but the old vicar 
 had resolved to build a church in that part, choosing 
 his friends Mr. Vaughan and Mr. Cooke as a sort of 
 Building Committee to select site and superintend the 
 
232 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 building ; but before this was accomplished, or the 
 £5000 set apart, the vicar was called to his rest, and 
 the scheme was at an end. Then the Rev. A. D. 
 Wagner and his brothers offered to carry out the in- 
 tention which their father had, and would have com- 
 pleted. They offered to give the £5000 for it, or to 
 build a church in the Lewes Road ; Mr. Vaughan 
 decided to accept the latter offer, and hence the build- 
 ing of the superb church of St. Martin at the cost of 
 many times that amount. It was the more complete and 
 graceful a gift, because the brothers placed the presenta- 
 tion unreservedly in the hands of the Vicar of Brighton. 
 In the reredos were figures of saints and doctors carved 
 at Oberammergau ; the east window was specially given 
 by Mr. Henry Wagner in memory of his mother and 
 aunt, and filled with subjects from the Annunciation to 
 the Day of Pentecost ; the panels of the reredos were 
 all painted with figures from the Old and New Testa- 
 ment: Abraham, Moses, Elijah, Ezekiel, Joshua, Gideon, 
 etc., down to early Christian saints and martyrs. The 
 one unusual feature was the introduction in the fifth 
 panel of recent colonial and English Church worthies : 
 Bishops Seabury of America, Inglis of Canada, Middleton 
 of India, Gray of Africa, Patteson of Australia, Bishop 
 Wilberforce, Mr. Keble, W. Gibbs, Joshua Watson, H. 
 Michell, and the late vicar. Tablets recording the gift 
 of the church out of filial love and respect, and to Mary 
 Sikes Wagner, mother of the founders, who died in 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 233 
 
 1840, and to Mary Ann Wagner, their aunt, who died 
 in 1868, were placed in the chancel. 
 
 There is one more record of another handsome church 
 built by Mr. Arthur Wagner in Eussell Street, at the 
 back of St. Paul's, not only relieving that overcrowded 
 church, but giving room for sisters and schools to attend 
 with more comfort. There is to be told in connection 
 with the building of this, the Church of the Eesurrection, a 
 singular proof of the determined perseverance of the Vicar 
 of St. Paul's. As the church reached the level of the roof 
 of the large brewery next to it, notice to stop the build- 
 ing from being carried higher up was given. Mr. Wagner 
 was equal to the occasion ; if he could not go up, he 
 could at least go down lower, and he did so, making the 
 church of the proportions originally intended. Among 
 the early curates we must not omit the Eev. E. W. 
 Enraght, who afterwards took the district church of St. 
 Andrew's, Portslade, and from there went to Holy 
 Trinity, Bordesley, succeeding Dr. Oldknow. Those 
 who knew him at Brighton and Birmingham can bear 
 witness to his kind and helpful life as priest and friend 
 to all his people, and those who were witnesses of his 
 arrest and imprisonment will never forget the solemnity 
 and pathos of that event. All honour, we repeat, to the 
 curates of many years' standing, and among them to the 
 Eev. J. E. Halliwell, of St. Paul's, son of the Eev. Thos. 
 HalUwell, curate of St. Andrew's, Hove (to the Eev. 
 Daniel Winham), and nephew of the renowned Shake- 
 
23-4 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 spearian and bibliographical scholar, J. 0. Halliwell- 
 Phillips. The Eev. 0. H. Maunsell was for many years 
 working both at St. Paul's and at St. Bartholomew's 
 Churches ; he is now Vicar of Thorpe Malsor, N'orth- 
 amptonshire ; among others who worked with Mr. 
 Wagner, the name of Alfred Gurney, now Vicar of St. 
 Barnabas, Pimlico, must by no means be omitted. It 
 was not at all likely that among all the misapprehen- 
 sions and misconceptions by the public of the Tractarian 
 clergy, so powerful and munificent a member as Mr. 
 Wagner would escape. The usual exciting arguments 
 about confession and absolution were talked over and 
 over again, and so one Sunday three poor working-men 
 felt themselves aggrieved, and as Mr. Wagner was going 
 up North Street ia the afternoon, after calling on his 
 churchwarden, they assaulted him, and were taken 
 into custody, though they were rather punished at the 
 time by Sir Thomas Barrett Lennard, who was passing. 
 The men had, I think, some months in prison, and Mr. 
 Wagner kept their wives and children all the time, and 
 doubtless helped them when they came out. Mr. Wagner 
 of his own accord very seldom came before the public in 
 any way. Irreverence and Erastianism would certainly 
 arouse his indignation, and so he was present at the 
 great meeting in the Birmingham Town Hall, while Mr. 
 Enraght was in Warwick Gaol, no doubt feeling most 
 the dishonour done to our Blessed Lord in the sac- 
 rilegious act of Mr. Enraght's prosecutors. His two 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 
 
 235 
 
 pamphlets, Christ or Ccesar, were very earnest protests 
 against dishonour to our Lord as the Divine Head of 
 His Church. Then for many a long year Mr. Wagner 
 had to endure the cry of " Eomauist," " Jesuit in 
 disguise," etc., at which latter designation a correspon- 
 dent of that day, who knew what he was saying, fairly 
 laughed outright : " A Jesuit by all means if they will 
 have it so, but in disguise — certainly not ! Mr. Wagner 
 is nothing in disguise, all is open and above-board ; 
 who ever heard of his making any secret of his views 
 or practices ? No one is more outspoken and straight- 
 forward in his sermons and teaching ; he tells every one 
 most clearly and plainly what he means, printing and 
 publishing this too in a letter to the chief pastor of his 
 Church." 
 
 How absurdly inappropriate was the cry of " eating 
 the bread of the Church of England while undermining 
 her in reality," when applied to a man who was spend- 
 ing several large fortunes in founding and endowing 
 churches, schools, etc., that would perpetually belong to 
 that Church ; to a man who had never in his life taken 
 one sixpence of endowment, fee, or income from the 
 Church in any way whatever! At that time, the 
 Eoman papers, after circulating a report that Mr. 
 Wagner had seceded, kindly allowed that he might be 
 sincere, at least if princely munificence be a sign of 
 sincerity, and then went on to hint that his generous 
 disposition and kindliness of heart had more to do with 
 
236 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 his position than any talents or learning. This was 
 amusing, as Mr. Wagner was a good scholar, a great 
 reader and student, and knew more about the working 
 of the Church of Eome, both ancient and modern, than 
 half the recent converts put together ; and another thing 
 is certain, that he was not at all given to be much in- 
 fluenced by others in that way. But this is all past and 
 over ; and though much of the seceding was done in a 
 not very genuine or straightforward way, we would 
 gladly forget it. And now years and years have passed, 
 and the event only proves that faithful service and a 
 definite position have been the mainstay of the English 
 priest of whom we are telling. We have spoken chiefly 
 of the well-known and greater works accomplished by 
 Mr. Arthur Wagner. It is needless to add that these 
 were but a part of his work : the private and unknown 
 acts of charity can of course never be recorded. His 
 care for the poor and needy, sick and afflicted, for 
 children and helpless, might be seen ; but there are 
 other ways in which a rich man with houses and land 
 can help folks once better off, the struggling tradesman, 
 those whose income had been sadly reduced, and even 
 the higher classes, the professional man with an uphill 
 path — these were never known, of course. When St. 
 Paul's was built, one of the first needs to be provided 
 was a supply of the Church literature then being pub- 
 lished by four or five firms in the form of tracts, com- 
 mentaries, devotional works, sermons, allegories, tales, 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 237 
 
 manuals, etc. Mr. Wagner was a good friend to the 
 wife, afterwards the widow, of an invalid verger of St. 
 Paul's in a small shop close to the church, helping with 
 stock and capital for years, and it developed into a very 
 fair business in a large house and shop of her own 
 opposite the church; many will recall with pleasure 
 Mrs. White and her book and stationery shop. 
 
 The way in which the work and services at St. Paul's 
 went on and on, always to be relied on, made it a very 
 restful place, and indeed to many it was as a refuge in 
 trial and trouble. It was a refreshment to many clergy 
 who could get a rest at Brighton from their own town 
 or country work, and some who came to rest would 
 often help in many ways. The Eev. E. A. Illingworth 
 will be remembered with much regard in this way. 
 The Eev. E. Field, the staunch Chaplain of Lancing 
 College, often preached. The Eev. T. Simpson Evans, 
 Evan Eowsell, Mr. Causton, were often there, and 
 Edward Monro in the last years of his life, when health 
 and strength were failing. To the aged and the ailing 
 St. Paul's was indeed a haven of rest and a comfort ; to 
 complete invalids the Blessed Sacrament was taken 
 with every mark of deep reverence. We can 
 recall many of the earlier church folk. Sir William 
 and Lady Gomra, the benefactor to Keble College;; 
 Colonel Moorsom, who spent the few years of health left 
 him by the Crimean War in much good work, and was 
 churchwarden for a year or two ; the sister of Colonel 
 
238 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 Short and Bishop Short of Adelaide; Mr. and Mrs. 
 Simpson and their daughters ; Miss Fielding, the only 
 daughter of Copley Fielding, the great painter, who on 
 her death was laid beside him in Hove Churchyard ; 
 Mr. and Mrs. Synnot ; at his funeral the choir and 
 clergy all attended, Mr. Carter, of Clewer, celebrating, 
 sewed by the churchwarden of St. Paul's, who also 
 cai'ried the black ebony funeral cross at the church and 
 at the grave. Some may remember the tall, thin figure 
 of a lady in black, with iron-grey hair, and a calm, 
 dignified face : this was Mrs. Jennings, the widow of 
 the Eev. H. J. Jennings, chaplain at Delhi, who, with 
 his daughter, was cut down by the first band of muti- 
 neers, as they were nursing two offi.cers who had just 
 been wounded ; happily, they were killed at once, with- 
 out torture or outrage ; St. Paul's, no doubt, helped her 
 to bear that fearful trial. We have no space to record 
 many other names : one occurs to us as the very earliest 
 of the St. Paul's attendants. In the western aisle several 
 seats were occupied by a ladies' school conducted by 
 Miss Parkinson, of the Dyke Road ; this school was 
 like a home of the Church Movement, and could tell of 
 a race of Church women and matrons true through life 
 to the faith and principles they there learnt. As with 
 his curates so it was with Mr. Wagner's churchwardens. 
 This sketch would be incomplete without naming the 
 years of help and work by the late Mr. Arthur W. 
 Woods, of Ship Street. 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 239 
 
 St. Paul's choir was an institution, and like Mr, 
 "Wagner's curates, the larger number of his choir-men 
 served for many years. The choir supper, too, was a 
 goodly feast ; and afterwards, it was pleasing to see the 
 vioar patiently endure the comic songs, in which " The 
 Monks of Old," and "Simon the Cellarer," usually bore 
 their part. Lord Elibank was a member of the choir 
 during his residence in Brighton. Their toast was 
 " Health and long life to Mr. Wagner ". Mr. Wagner 
 was chancellor of Chichester Cathedral from 1871 to 
 1879. 
 
 St. Michael's, under Mr. Beanlands, has ever held a 
 foremost place in the practical revival of doctrine and 
 ritual : a small, but very well arranged church, solid 
 and handsome, the ritual on an elaborate and careful 
 plan; the choir and music for many years conducted by 
 Dr. King, now organist of the parish church, on the 
 very best Gregorian models. Two of Mr. Beanlands' 
 curates were well worthy of mention. The Rev. T. W. 
 Perry, after being at All Saints', Margaret Street, and at 
 Addington, was at St. Michael's for ten years from 1862, 
 and was a power for good in every way, an ecclesiastical 
 lawyer and solid liturgical scholar, a member of the 
 Eitual Commission, 1867, author of Lawful Church 
 Ornaments, etc. As a scholar and a preacher, Mr. 
 Perry made a distinct mark in Brighton, and was 
 valued and consulted by a large circle of friends. The 
 Eev. Charles Walker, though more of a volunteer than 
 
240 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 an actual curate, took a full share in all the services, 
 and was a valuable help in the ritual and worship, the 
 owner of valuable vestments and ornaments, and a 
 liberal donor in all matters. He will be remembered 
 with much regard and affection ; and his great help and 
 sympathy with St. Margaret's, East Grinstead, endeared 
 him to the sisters and friends of that noble foundation. 
 Mr. Beanlands had good friends and supporters. Among 
 them General Tremenheere, his wife and children, the 
 Lindsays, Mr. and Mrs. Barchard, Mrs. Tyrwhitt, Colonel 
 Shaw Hellyer, and many others. 
 
 The early death of Mr. Purchas, and the account of 
 the lawsuit about his ritual, have been described 
 again and again; but the general idea to be gathered 
 would be anything but a true representation of the man 
 himself. He has been pictured as a sort of apostle of 
 ritual, a man to whom ritual was everything, and by 
 whom certain ceremonies would be carried out, iu 
 defiance of all law, order, and peace. Mr. Purchas was 
 nothing of the kind ; he was gentle, kindly, and humble- 
 minded. When St. James's Chapel was offered to him 
 he felt that it was an opportunity to set out iu some 
 more distinctive way the ritual sanctioned by the 
 Ornaments Eubric, and the demolishing of part of 
 the old Puritan chapel fixings went on merrily; but 
 it was at best, when all was done, an incongruous 
 mixture ; and the services, which were very elaborate, 
 and carried out by friends and helpers not always of the 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 241 
 
 wisest, seemed in that chapel like new cloth on an old 
 garment. Things were too bright and smart for the sur- 
 roundings, and it was not a success ; the lawsuit was 
 ruinous, and no doubt helped to break down Mr. Purchas's 
 health ; and an amiable and lovable man was taken from 
 enemies and friends. As an elegant scholar and poet, 
 and a kind friend and companion, he will be best 
 known and remembered. His evening hymn, "Even- 
 song is hushed in silence," with its sweet melody, still 
 lingers in the memory. So far were Mr. Purchas's own 
 feelings from a wish to press extreme ritual on an un- 
 willing people, that I have his own handwriting in 
 November, 1860, expressing his grief at the angry 
 feelings caused, and his readiness to " seek peace and 
 ensue it at any course short of the surrender of truth ". 
 His funeral was a very impressive one, and will rank 
 with others in our recollection, more especially with 
 those of the old vicar, the Eev. H. M. Wagner, and of 
 Miss Wagner. 
 
 Some years before, a funeral in Brighton was very 
 largely attended, but, of course, without the beautiful 
 and hopeful ceremonial. It was that of the Eev. F. W. 
 Eobertson. One might call it, by way of contrast, an 
 exposition of very great pulpit influence. 
 
 We will not leave our mention of Brighton without 
 
 naming another Mr. Wagner, the Eev. George Wagner 
 
 (cousin to the Eev. Arthur Wagner), once curate of 
 
 Dallington, in Sussex, — afterwards incumbent of St. 
 
 16 
 
242 RECOLLECTIONS OF OXFORD MOVEMENT. 
 
 Stephen's, Brighton, — who led a life of self-sacrificing 
 devotion to the spiritual interests of his flock. His life 
 and letters were published, edited by the Eev. J. iJT. 
 Simpkinson, and told of a character most saintly and 
 devout. 
 
CHAPTEE X. 
 
 Making our way for a while along the coast there was 
 not a great deal to tell then of the now working centres 
 of Portsea, Southsea, and Landport, which have all de- 
 veloped so much during the last twenty years ; but 
 between thirty and forty years ago the Eev. T. D. Piatt 
 at Holy Trinity, Portsea, was standing much alone in 
 his work of Church Revival ; he was for seven years 
 curate to Archdeacon Denison. It was said that Bishop 
 Gilbert of Chichester, the bishop who so long inhibited 
 Dr. Ji^eale, was much exercised by the very open and 
 straightforward way in which Mr. Piatt proceeded, 
 even to receiving those who wished for ghostly counsel 
 and advice in the church itself It must have been 
 curious and even amusing to hear that bishop express 
 his surprise, not so much at the thing itself, as at the 
 thorough straightforwardness. " Surely, not openly in 
 the church itself ? " and the simple reply, " Yes, my 
 lord". Mr. Piatt was assisted for some time by the 
 Eev. W. E. Scott, a very earnest and zealous worker, 
 once at Enfield with the Eev. J. Fuller Eussell, also 
 chaplain to Mr. Hubbard's works in Eussia, for some 
 years at Honolulu, and perpetual curate of St. Mary 
 (243) 
 
244 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 Magdalen's, Harlow. He was the author of some valuable 
 pamphlets, one on the apostolical succession, and Canon 
 LV. The untiring work of Mr. Scott and his wife, in a 
 district of Whitechapel, for the souls and bodies of the 
 people during the fearful cholera of 1866, should not 
 be forgotten. 
 
 Crossing to the Isle of Wight, we can record Mr. 
 Wix's work at St. Michael's, Swanmore, Eyde ; and on 
 the other side of the island must visit the tomb of Mr. 
 Adams (son of Serjeant Adams), the author of the 
 Shadow of the Cross, the Old Man's Home, and other 
 allegories and sermons, leaving one of the most beautiful 
 memories of the early days of the Movement; his tomb- 
 stone in Bonchurch churchyard is surmounted by a cross 
 of iron, raised so that the " shadow of the cross " is 
 always thrown on to the stone slab, perpetuating the 
 name of his chief allegory: Mr. Adams also wrote The 
 Fall of Grcesus, an attempt to point one of Herodotus's 
 most graphic narratives with a moral directly Christian. 
 Here also, in Ventnor, we are reminded of Miss Sewell, 
 the authoress of many valuable books and religious 
 manuals, as well as of the well-known tales, Amy 
 Herbert, Ursula, Laneton Parsonage, The Experience of 
 Life, and many other thoroughly bright, wholesome tales 
 of domestic and social life, inculcating excellejit Church 
 principles ; they had a very large circulation, forming 
 a literature most valuable to the rising generation of 
 young girls. Before leaving the island we gladly tell of 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 245 
 
 the Catholic work and services, from a very early period 
 of the Movement, of Mr. Oliver of Whitwell. A name 
 much connected with the Church Movement was that of 
 Richard Waldo Sibthorp, rather a remarkable character, 
 who had a church for some years in Ryde. 
 
 A little farther along the coast we come to Bourne- 
 mouth, which, like Portsea and Southsea, has grown 
 and increased immensely, with its several churches; 
 here, in 1857, Mr. Bennett was working up on Church 
 lines, with good choral service, weekly celebration, 
 etc. 
 
 The Movement influenced Jersey and G-uernsey early 
 in the forties, and Dr. Godfray of Jersey was a thorough 
 worker in the cause, not only as a parish priest and 
 preacher in a most difficult charge, but as a writer in 
 the Ecclesiastic, and other Church reviews. He trans- 
 lated the History of the Befornmtion, by Chancelloj- 
 Massingberd, of Lincoln, and many smaller works into 
 French. 
 
 In Wiltshire, Avebury, Bishop Canning, Calne, and 
 Chippenham were forward in the work ; and in Dorset- 
 shire, Batcombe, Dorchester, and Compton Valence 
 under its able vicar, Perceval Ward, where Mr. Ferrey, 
 the architect, restored the church and was a frequent 
 visitor. 
 
 Ottery St. Mary was well known for some years as a 
 country centre. 
 
 Exeter had many working clergy : Mr. AUeyne at St. 
 
246 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 Edmund's, Mr. Ingle at St. Olave's, Mr. Bliss at St. 
 James's, Mr. Armstrong at St. Paul's. These churches, 
 and that of St. Mary Steps, advanced in the work. The 
 Eev. C. C. Bartholomew, perpetual curate of St. David's 
 (afterwards prebendary), also author of Thirty - nine 
 Sermons, chiefly practical, was a good divine and parish 
 priest. Another divine was the Rev. John Lincoln 
 Galton, incumbent of St. Sidwell's, who was author of 
 Notes of Lectures on the Booh of Canticles, and of one 
 hundred and forty-two lectures on the Book of Revela- 
 tion ; the principal excellence of these volumes lay in 
 tlie careful and intelligent preference for ancient ex- 
 positors. There lived also in Exeter Prebendary James 
 Ford, who published some works of value to the clergy ; 
 six volumes of commentaries were published. The Four 
 Gospels, The Acts of the Apostles, and The Epistle to the 
 Bomans, illustrated chiefly, in the doctrinal and moral 
 sense, from ancient and modern authors. Mr. Ford 
 also translated twelve sermons by P. Paolo Segneri from 
 the Italian. Then Canons Woolcombe and F. C. Cook 
 should be named, and last, but not least, comes the 
 Bishop, Henry of Exeter, the sturdy champion of all 
 that was orthodox, the outspoken prelate in the House 
 of Lords, most famous for his Letter to the Archbishop 
 of Canterbury in the Gorham Case ; that letter, a thick 
 8vo., 2s. 6d. pamphlet, in paper cover, had a circulation 
 that might astonish the publishers of the present day ; 
 ibr weeks it was sold as fast as it could be produced. 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 247 
 
 almost wet from the press. The pamphlet was certainly- 
 one to cause a considerable amount of excitement : such 
 a bold and forcible attack by a bishop on his archbishop 
 was rare in the history of polemics, though the language 
 was more moderate than that used by some Eeformation 
 bishops, as told by Mr. S. E. Maitland. Pamphlets are 
 now almost a thing of the past; but in those days if 
 any one had a difference or a grievance or a pet theory, 
 a pamphlet was the natural weapon, and the war was 
 often carried on fierce and fast ; I need not say we have 
 changed all that : the day of pamplets is past and over, 
 and the large number of monthly reviews are the re- 
 ceptacles for the plans and proposals, the views and 
 opinions on all possible and impossible subjects in earth 
 and heaven, from the Corn Laws, Eeform, and Home 
 Eule, down to the most sacred institutions of marriage 
 and home life. We will not complain ; under this new 
 plan we get, as it were, six or eight well-written pam- 
 phlets for the shilling or two ; and to the writer it must 
 be much more pleasant to write the article and get a 
 cheque for it, than to print a pamphlet and have a heavy 
 balance to pay when the printing and advertising account 
 is made up. Most of us remember the story of the 
 country parson who had written a sermon he thought 
 sure to interest every single clergyman, and sent it to be 
 printed, ordering a number that would come near to the 
 number of clergy in the Church; and the distress of the 
 worthy priest on receiving a bill for some hundreds of 
 
248 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 pounds; and then his relief at hearing from his good 
 publishers that the bill really represented his order, 
 which had happily not been executed, and that a few 
 shillings were due to make up the balance on the few 
 sold out of the 250 printed. The Bishop of Exeter's 
 pamphlet no doubt produced a small fortune. His 
 name was brought to the front very much in the long 
 examination as to the troubles and difficulties of Miss 
 SeUon in one of the earliest sisterhoods of the Eevival 
 at Devonport ; much wisdom and care has since been 
 gained in sisterhood work, through such men as the 
 Vicar of Wantage, Dean Butler, the Eev. T. T. Carter, 
 Mr. Chamberlain of Oxford, Bishop Armstrong, Mr. 
 Scudamore of Ditchingham, Mr. Sharp of Horbury, Rev. 
 G. E. Prynne, and Dr. J^eale. The pioneers in this 
 most difficult work were sure to suffer, but woman's 
 work in the Church and the Eevival is more than an 
 established fact, it is now an immense power for good, 
 acknowledged and approved on every side, one of the 
 glories of our land. At Torquay and St. Mary Church, 
 excellent work was carried on while his health lasted by 
 Henry Newland, of whom we have spoken before ; he 
 was for some time the brilliant preacher and hard work- 
 ing Vicar of St. Mary Church. At Newton Abbot the 
 Eev. W. B. Flower was working. Mr. Prynne, of St. 
 Peter's, Plymouth, was undoubtedly the great worker 
 and leader in the Church Movement in the West of 
 England ; he had a daily celebration of the Holy 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 249 
 
 Eucharist from 1849. The increase in the number of 
 churches with daily celebrations would have rejoiced 
 the hearts of early Traetarians. With him the work of 
 sisterhoods revived. His Eucharistic Manual was in 
 general use years before such manuals were common ; 
 he wrote a small manual on the benefit of absolution 
 that went through many editions. If the Church tone 
 of the Plymouth churches is higher than almost any 
 town in England, he was the leader, and went through 
 severe persecution in the course of the work. He also 
 wrote that beautiful hymn, in Hymns Ancient and 
 Modern, on whose original committee he was a worker, 
 " Jesu, Meek and Gentle ". The record of his Thirty- 
 five Years of Mission Work in a Garrison and Seaport 
 Town, published in 1883, is the account of some most 
 perfectly ordered parochial work. In Plymouth, when 
 the late Bishop of Exeter sent Mr. Prynne, no parochial 
 machinery existed, scarcely a place of worship or a 
 school. He began with the stipend of £100 a year, £30 
 more when a room was licensed, and £20 more when a 
 church was consecrated. The amount of false and wicked 
 statements made before the bishop, Henry of Exeter, 
 in 1852, was almost inconceivable ; the whole matter 
 concluding with the bishop's solemn declaration that 
 Mr. Prynne was entirely blameless in every way. He 
 was in his younger days Curate of St. Andrew's, Clifton, 
 and there published his first volume of Plain Sermons. 
 He published afterwards two more series of plain 
 
250 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 parocbial sermons, — short, practical, sound, and earnest, 
 with a manly style of eloquence and full of sound doc- 
 trine, just the sermons by townspeople most needed. 
 At Devonport, all four churches, and especially St- 
 Stephen's, were well worked. About 1859, a friend 
 spent Christmastide at what was then called the Mission 
 of St. Stephen, Devonport, when he was much impressed 
 by the warm and devotional worship and the good 
 fellowship at this great festival between parson and 
 flock, and at the steady progress made by the Church, 
 bringing vital and spiritual religion among a once in- 
 different and even unfriendly people. It was the first 
 Christmas and Epiphany since the consecration of their 
 new church on the previous St. Matthew's Day ; the 
 church was decorated by a band of young mechanics 
 and needlewomen, and the sisters of the incumbent, 
 who gave their lives to church and parish work ; the 
 choral services and celebrations were simple and hearty, 
 led by a choir of ten, chiefly mechanics, and twelve boys 
 of the same class. On New Year's Eve, the Eev. James 
 Bliss, Vicar of St. James's, Plymouth, preached, and 
 there was an early celebration on New Year's Day. A 
 course of Advent sermoas had been preached, and after 
 the last an offertory was made, by which sixty of the 
 poorest families had good Christmas fare provided. On 
 January 4th, the choir, assisted by that of St. James's and 
 St. Mary's, Devonport, and St. Peter's, Plymouth, gave a 
 bright musical evening and social gathering to all the 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 251 
 
 members of the church — glees, carols, songs — a help to 
 those who had hut little brightness or recreation in 
 their lives. This was followed by a presentation to the 
 Eev. G. W. Proctor, the incumbent, of an address, 
 telling how his labours had been appreciated. 
 
 Cornwall had not a few parishes where the work of 
 the Church Movement had penetrated; among them, 
 Morwenstow, under E. S. Hawker, the well-known 
 poet, author of Echoes from Old Cornwall, and of 
 that beautiful poem, The Poor Man and his Parish 
 Church ; Mr. Williams of Porthleven ; also Baldhu, 
 Falmouth (the Church of King Charles the Martyr), 
 Kenwyn, Helston, Laneast, Marham, Penzance, Sheviock, 
 St. Ives, St. Veep, Truro, and St. Columb Major, where 
 Dr. Walker laboured for many years, and afterwards 
 was founder of All Saints', Notting Hill, in memory of 
 his father and mother. In North Devon, Barnstaple 
 and Bideford were well forward, and at Ilfracombe, the 
 years of earnest parish work of the late Eev. J. M. 
 Chanter, the vicar, are fresh in the memory of many a 
 churchman who visited that lovely place, as well as in 
 the hearts of his own people ; a model of the old ortho- 
 dox Tractarian, friend of Dr. Pusey and many others of 
 the School. He was the author of a volume of sermons 
 published in 1858, and also of Help to an Exposition of 
 the Church Catechism. 
 
 In Somersetshire, Wrington, near Chard, was for years 
 under a vicar who was a theologian, scholar, poet, a 
 
252 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 thorough churchman, and a worker among his people 
 and schools; the Eev. Henry Thompson was a Cam- 
 bridge man of good standing ; his parish festivals were 
 from year to year very happy times indeed. Among 
 other works he wrote a life of Hannah More, who was a 
 parishioner ; he also wrote Concionalia, outlines of ser- 
 mons for the year. He was editor of a book of Original 
 Ballads hy Living Authors, 1850, a work well illustrated; 
 besides an admirable preface Mr. Thompson wrote the 
 Martyrdom of St. Edmund, Cromwell and his Daughter, 
 and The Morning Sacrifice. Among the contributors 
 were E. A. Freeman, Archdeacon Churton, Mackenzie 
 Walcott, Eev. W. J. Deane, and J. M. Neale. There 
 was also daily service and weekly communion at Buck- 
 land Dinham, Butleigh, Leigh-on-Mendip, Mells (where 
 was Mr. Horner, a well-known and most able man), and 
 St. Paul's, Bedminster, under Mr. Eland : daily services 
 at MUverton, North Petherton, Shepton Beauchamp, 
 and Kingston. In this county also is Frome, the scene of 
 Mr. Bennett's life-work after leaving St. Paul's, Knights- 
 bridge, work still well kept up by the present vicar. 
 Neither must we omit East Brent, the parish of the 
 ready and valiant champion. Archdeacon Denison, the 
 preacher of the sermons on the Holy Eucharist at Wells 
 Cathedral, all prepared most carefully beforehand, and, 
 I think, preached from the printed copy ; bravely were 
 the sermons defended in the trial, " Ditcher v. Denison," 
 in the proceedings against the Archdeacon of Taunton, 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 253 
 
 in 1854, 1855, 1856, and in the printed defence and 
 evidence. A dignitary of Wells was said to have com- 
 plained that the Archdeacon kept them all in hot water 
 for so many years ; to which the Archdeacon gave the 
 characteristic reply : " Well, hot water is better than 
 cold". Many will remember the Charges of 1852, 1859, 
 and 1860, given with all the Archdeacon's force and 
 spirit, and his sermons on " Church and School," and 
 " National Unthankfulness ". Such brilliant enthusiasm 
 and energy had its value in the work of the Church 
 Movement — without it, but little would have been 
 effected. 
 
 In much of the work of defence and research, Arch- 
 deacon Denison had a most painstaking and learned 
 assistant in the Eev. C. S. Grueber, incumbent of Ham- 
 bridge, in this county ; he was author of Considerations 
 on the Opinion of the Court at Bath, Two Letters to the 
 Archbishop of Canterbury, one to the Eight Hon. Stephen 
 Lushiugton, on Articles XXVIII. and XXIX., Facts on 
 the Court at Bath and Commission at Clevedon. Mr., 
 Grueber is also the author of manuals on Church 
 teaching and doctrine. The research bestowed by Mr. 
 Grueber on some of the Thirty-nine Articles was almost 
 beyond conception; some who were brought up to think 
 the Articles a sort of bulwark of Puritanism, must 
 have been very much surprised at the result of those: 
 researches. 
 
 Many recollections of the early Church Movemeut 
 
254 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 centre about Gloucestershire, recollections of the deepest 
 interest; of the two Kebles especially, John, some 
 time curate to his father at Fairford, and Thomas, so 
 many years Vicar of Bisley ; of Abbenhall, under James 
 Davies, one of Isaac Williams' first curacies ; of Stinch- 
 combe, where Isaac Williams lived and wrote his poems 
 and commentaries, acting as curate to his brother-in- 
 law, Sir George Prevost, quite recently called to his 
 rest, leaving us his valuable memoir of Isaac Williams. 
 Bussage was the scene of Mr. Suckling's few years of 
 labour, and where one of the earliest penitentiaries was 
 founded. At Tidenham, Bishop Armstrong (of Grahams- 
 town) was vicar eight years ; he it was who was so deeply 
 interested in penitentiaries, and wrote and worked for 
 them ; here, as at St. Paul's, Exeter, Mr. Armstrong 
 lived all opposition down, and was a pattern of the 
 hard-working parish priest. He published several 
 volumes of sermons, a set for the festivals, and edited 
 and wrote for the series of Sermons, and Tracts for the 
 Christian seasons, the Pastor in his Closet, etc. The 
 Eev. T. T. Carter wrote the life of Bishop Armstrong, 
 a book still most interesting. 
 
 At St. Mark's, Lower Easton, and at Kempsford, 
 Bishop Woodford, of Ely, was vicar for some years ; 
 his brilliant preaching and devout care for the services 
 of the Church, were as conspicuous and telling as were 
 his higher labours afterwards as Vicar of Leeds and 
 Bishop of Ely. At Cheltenham, in the reign of Mr. 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 255 
 
 Close, the opponent of the Cambridge Camden and 
 Eeclesiological Society, the Eev. Alexander Watson 
 was at St. John's, then the only church in Cheltenham 
 with daily service and weekly Communion. Mr. 
 Watson was a busy writer in the cause, and edited five 
 volumes of Sermons for Simdays, by the first preachers 
 of the day; the Churchman's Sunday Evenings at Home, 
 a set of family readings ; and the Devout Churchman. 
 He was also author of The Seven sayings on the Cross, 
 Sermons on the Beatitudes, A Catechism on the Prayer- 
 Booh, and other works. Clifton was for some years a 
 centre of the Evangelical school, but in 1868 the 
 church of All Saints was commenced ; it was finished 
 in 1872, and for twenty years a record of church work 
 under Mr. (now Dean) Randall can be made, bringing 
 home the Church's work and worship to many thousands. 
 St. Raphael's, Bristol, built by the munificence of Canon 
 Miles in 1859, fell a victim to the opposition, and was 
 closed for some years; it has happily just been re- 
 opened, let us hope to a brighter and even more useful 
 future. We may not forget to name the early Bristol 
 Church Union under Archdeacon Denison and Mr. 
 Coles, a forerunner of our English Church Union. 
 Many other places in G-loucestershire might be named, 
 such as Cam, Cirencester, Dursley, Frenchay, Overbury, 
 Sodbury, Stow-on-the-Wold, Stroud, Tetbury, and 
 Stapleton the beautiful church built by Bishop Monk 
 where the Rev. R. R. Chope was some time curate; 
 
256 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 not forgetting Kemerton, near Tewkesbury, where 
 Archdeacon Thorp was vicar ; his influence among the 
 younger clergy was of the very best and highest. 
 Almost within sight of Gloucester, though in Hereford- 
 shire, is the beautiful church of Eastnor rebuilt by the 
 late Lord Somers. Mr. Pulling, one of the compilers 
 of Hymns, Ancient and Modern, was the rector. 
 
 Passing by Worcester with its beautiful cathedral 
 and hard-working clergy, such as the Rev. the Hon. 
 H. Douglas of St. Paul's, we come to the Midlands and 
 the towns surrounding Birmingham ; Wednesbury 
 under Mr. Trigg; West Bromwich, Mr. Willett; Walsall, 
 Mr. Allen and Mr. Hodgson ; S. Michael's, Caldmore, 
 Mr. J. Fenwick Laing; and at Aldridge, Willenhall, 
 Eugeley, and Atherstone Church work was done, and 
 great progress made. That Birmingham was the most 
 unlikely town to fall in with a movement, the object 
 of which was to revive the Catholic doctrine and 
 practice of the Church of England, a glance at the 
 religious life of Birmingham during the past century 
 will convince us. The Unitarianisni of- Dr. Priestly, 
 the Congregationalism of John Angell James, and the 
 secular Christianity of George Dawson, had leavened 
 a large proportion of the inhabitants; and the parish 
 churches, some twenty in number, were nearly all in 
 the hands of Evangelical or Low Church incumbents; 
 there was very little of hearty life and work ; Socinian- 
 ism, Erastianism, and Dissent were the really active and 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 257 
 
 working agencies, and so they continued till long after 
 the Church Movement had penetrated into other towns 
 and villages. Few of the churches added much to the 
 architectural beauty of the town (or city which it now 
 is). The presence of a building like Christ Church, 
 directly opposite to the handsome erections of the 
 Council House, Art Gallery, Free Libraries, Mason 
 College, and Midland Institute, was a positive eyesore, 
 and the dreary formal service seemed to vie with the 
 building in plainness ; but what could be hoped of a 
 church the foundation stone of which was laid with 
 the following words : " I lay this stone in the name and 
 by command of his most gracious Majesty King George 
 the Third ". A special work in Birmingham is worth 
 naming, the early Sunday morning classes at half- 
 past seven for working people, at which writing, 
 arithmetic, geography, etc., were taught by some of the 
 leading laymen of the city. Many hundreds attended 
 these classes, and the fact was a complete reply to 
 those who argued against the Archbishop of York's plea 
 for early instead of evening Communions ; the people 
 could and did get up early, and go some distance for 
 this secular learning, and it was said they would do the 
 same in religion if they had been taught to set a high 
 value on its means of grace. The earliest sign of a 
 stirring of Church life was at St. Paul's about 1841, 
 under Mr. Latimer and his curate, James Pollock. 
 Aston, a suburb almost larger than Birmingham, was 
 
 17 
 
258 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 for a short time under a good churchman, Mr. Peake, 
 and in this parish was the district of Holy Trinity, 
 Bordesley, where Dr. Oldknow, a learned divine and 
 writer and an excellent parish priest, worked till his 
 dieath ; he was the friend of Dr. Neale and many of the 
 early Tractarians, and the result of his labours was 
 shown in a hearty and beautiful service appreciated by 
 a large congregation. The district church of All Saints, 
 Small Heath, was started in his time. Dr. Oldknow 
 was succeeded by Mr. Enraght, of whom we have 
 spoken, and he brought youth and strength, and an 
 increase of life and beauty to the work and services, 
 together with a hearty loving kindness and helpfulness 
 that made the vicarage and its inmates most deeply 
 loved. The prosecution of the vicar and his separation 
 from his people was the work of a party persecution, 
 and, unfortunately, it prevailed. No one could say that 
 Mr. Enraght did not do his utmost; there were no 
 aggrieved parishioners, but a regular congregation of 
 400 or 500 every Sunday morning, and 700 or 800 
 every Sunday evening, with a large proportion of early 
 Communicants; not one of these complained of the 
 service or wished it altered ; and, moreover, for months 
 Mr. Enraght discontinued the things complained of at 
 the express desire of his bishop, in the hope of peace 
 and of stopping the prosecution ; but in spite of this 
 the persecutors determined to carry it on to the bitter 
 end, and in due course Mr. Enraght was imprisoned in 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 
 
 259 
 
 Warwick Gaol. To describe his leaving the vicarage 
 where his people had ever found in himself and Mrs. 
 Earaght helpers in all times of need and trouble, is 
 beyond my power ; most pathetic and touching was the 
 going to Warwick, his friends, and even those who had 
 to carry out the sentence, were far more touched and 
 overcome than was the vicar himself, who went through 
 it with a calm fixed patience, with thorough cheerful- 
 ness and resignation. For nearly two months he was 
 kept in Warwick Gaol, and during that time the great 
 meeting was held when Birmingham Town Hall was 
 filled from end to end, and so many came from far and 
 near to protest against the imprisonment ; the singing 
 of the " Church's one Foundation " at the end was 
 something impressive and touching. In the gaol he 
 received correspondence from all parts of the country, 
 a fair specimen was the letter : " Your imprisonment, 
 sir, is a disgrace to all concerned in it, except your- 
 self ". He was visited by numerous friends, all anxious 
 personally to express their sympathy ; he was of course 
 visited by his wife, and by his children, -most of whom 
 were then very young ; on one occasion when going to 
 dine in the prison, one of the youngest, a little girl, 
 was pathetically anxious to know "if they would have 
 to dine with the other robbers ". At the end of nearly 
 two months the question of the original writ was raised, 
 and Mr. Enraght was released, not, as he said, that he 
 wished to get out of prison by a legal quibble. Lord 
 
26o RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 Justice James said that he thought it was quite as 
 trivial a thing to prosecute a clergyman for wearing a 
 chasuble, as it was to get a clergyman out of gaol on a 
 bad writ. As the governor of the gaol, no High Church- 
 man, said to one of his visitors : " The sooner that 
 gentleman is out, sir, the better, for he is altogether in 
 the wrong place". So after nearly two months in 
 prison, Mr. Enraght was released, and many friends 
 went over to Warwick, and a host also met him at the 
 station in New Street, Birmingham ; Mr. Jacob Row- 
 lands, his solicitor ; the Eev. W. Elwin, his curate 
 (now Vicar of St. Andrew's, Worthing) ; the Eev. J. 
 Lupton Taylor also assisting, who afterwards went to 
 Africa as a missionary, and there was early called to 
 his rest (he was brother to a well-known surgeon in 
 Brighton, J. E. Taylor, some time churchwarden to 
 Mr. Enraght) ; Eev. F. B. Cross, and James and T. B. 
 Pollock, Mr. Harris, vicar's warden, and many others. 
 They in the evening welcomed Mr. Enraght back with 
 enthusiasm at a crowded meeting. These imprison- 
 ments are now matters of past history, the Church 
 Association, no doubt, feeling that the effect of such an 
 one as I have tried to describe, would do anything but 
 advance its cause. The persecutors did not cease until 
 they had driven Mr. Enraght from his living, and 
 deprived the congregation of one of the very best of 
 friends and parish priests. 
 
 Some years before this a work in the same parish 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 261 
 
 was begun, which has, happily, not only not been 
 crashed, but has prospered and increased in a most 
 wonderful way. From his curacy at St. Paul's, the 
 Rev. James Pollock started the mission of St. Alban's 
 in a temporary building, and laboured on through the 
 most violent opposition and rioting ; living it all down 
 and gaining over large numbers of people in a district 
 not very different at first from that of St. George's-in- 
 the-East and Eatcliff Highway. In this work, his 
 brother, the Rev. T. B. Pollock, joined, and in the 
 course of years a noble church, one of Mr. Pearson's 
 grand designs, was built, and after a while consecrated ; 
 a very beautiful Eitual, and a large congregation, with 
 a great proportion of men, testified to the success 
 of the unsparing labour and devotion of these two 
 brothers. To James Pollock we are indebted for 
 several useful and practical manuals, and to T. B. 
 Pollock for some of those metrical Litanies in Hymns 
 Ancient and Modern with which we are all familiar. 
 
 Though not with success as to numbers, the Eev. 
 Robert Dell worked at St. Peter's, Dale End, almost as 
 difficult to deal with as one of our own City parishes ; 
 not that the people all lived away and came in only for 
 business during the week, but it seemed as if from 
 Saturday night to Monday morning all the shops and 
 houses were sealed up, and the inhabitants not to be 
 found or got at. There was a good choir, and the 
 service was carefully rendered; the poor and schools 
 
262 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 were well cared for and helped by Mr. Dell, his wife, 
 and children, who also brought as much brightness and 
 recreation into their work as they possibly could. 
 
 In the surrounding villages and small towns, matters 
 were here and there advancing on Church lines. North- 
 field for years was, of course, prominent under Mr. 
 Clarke, a very well-known early Tractarian, and at 
 Moseley, King's Heath, King's Norton, Smethwick, 
 Smallheath, Sparkbrook, careful and choral services 
 were the rule. 
 
 Coming nearer still, Edgbaston, the old parish, and 
 the district churches of St. James and St. George were 
 shaking off the old-fashioned ways, and making re- 
 ligion brighter and nearer to the Prayer-Book model ; 
 this was especially the case with old Edgbaston Parish 
 Church, under the Eev. Creswell Strange. It is some 
 years since I was there, and then the additions and 
 improvements were only just beginning, but many of 
 the old-fashioned forms and ceremonies were giving 
 way to some brighter and more reverent ways. But 
 then the old pews were still there, and that admirable 
 and successful romance, John Inglesant, had been 
 published ; and, I must confess, it was a shock to me 
 to see the author of that good book go into a pew and 
 fasten the door after him ; it did seem out of the order 
 of things that the author, who had just made us all so 
 interested in Nicholas Ferrar and his family, George 
 Herbert and other church worthies of the seven- 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 263 
 
 teenth century should occupy a nineteenth-century 
 pew ! One did not expect that, like the late Mr. Pugin 
 at Eamsgate, he should sit under a mediaeval canopy at 
 the head of his dining hall — but a pew ! — George 
 Herbert speaks about it — 
 
 Kneeling n'er spoilt silk stockings ; quit thy state, 
 All equal are within the church's gate. 
 
 — and how can that be if some are in pews ? 
 
 On my declining a seat in a pew, the verger kindly 
 gave me one where I waS close to some mural tablets, 
 one of which attracted my attention by its wonderful 
 inscription recording the death of the two wives of a 
 Birmingham magistrate ; the virtues and perfections 
 of the first wife were elaborately set forth, and then it 
 was recorded how the second wife admirably took up 
 the position and duties of the first, and carried them 
 out with an equal, if not greater amount of success; 
 it was droll ; I have read a great many effusions of the 
 kind, but this one very much disturbed my gravity 
 during the service. And here I would leave this great 
 manufacturing centre, but as we are close to the 
 Hagley Eoad, Edgbaston, in which stands the oratory 
 of St. Philip Neri where Dr. Newman spent the last 
 forty years of his life, it would not do to pass over a 
 spot so interesting to English Churchmen ; for as we 
 assuredly value much the record of Dr. Newman's 
 life and work in the English Church, most ably told in 
 
264 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 the earlier chapters of his Apologia, and in his letters 
 so wisely entrusted by him to Miss Mozley, the two 
 volumes of which all English Churchmen may prize, so 
 the rest of his life after he left us, and the place where 
 he spent it will have their own special attraction. The 
 Oratory is a large pile of buildings of no architectural 
 pretensions, covers a good deal of ground, is built chiefly 
 of red brick and consists of the church with residences 
 for the Fathers of the Order, and a large school for the 
 education of sons of the Koman Catholic gentry. The 
 large school-room, or rather, the one side wall of it, is 
 the chief object to be seen as you pass by in the road, 
 and in that room were given the school entertainments, 
 Greek plays and music, at which up to the last Dr. 
 Newman was almost always to be seen. The entrance 
 gate is quite plain, and brings you into a long corridor 
 leading to the church, a fairly spacious one, but with 
 no pretensions to beauty, architecturally or otherwise, 
 and with no great amount of ornament ; Dr. Newman 
 had been made a Cardinal just before one of my visits, 
 and his throne and canopy looked painfully new. The 
 various altars were of interest, especially the one at 
 which the Cardinal daily celebrated. In the corridor 
 were white marble tablets commemorating the departed 
 Fathers, and one felt much at home with the names of 
 those, such as St. John, Dalgairns, Faber, Caswell, etc. 
 The secretary to Dr. Newman kindly showed us over, 
 and in him we recognised an English clergyman, once 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 265 
 
 vicar of a suburban London parish, twice married, now 
 a priest and a Father of the Oratory. It is curious that 
 the Fathers in 1852 should have fixed themselves in 
 Birmingham of all towns in the land, and still more 
 curious to see the friendly and cordial welcome given to 
 the Oratorians by the Unitarian town and its chief 
 residents ; showing them much attention, and even, on 
 occasions, special recognition ; but in no religious sense 
 could the Oratorians be called a power or influeuce in 
 Birmingham. 
 
CHAPTEE XI. 
 
 If an apology is needed for the rambling, not to say 
 random nature of these recollections I most willingly 
 make it. We will return to Oxford, the home to 
 which the hearts of many Englishmen turned as the 
 birthplace of the " Oxford Movement," and indeed 
 there was a magic in the very name of that city for 
 some twenty or thirty years. It witnessed the steady 
 earnestness and industry of the Tract writers, the brilliant 
 scholarship of such men as Newman, Keble, Froude, 
 Pusey,. Marriott, Mozley, Palmer, Morris, and others, 
 the enormous labour of writing, translating, editing, 
 collating ; a perfect bibliography of the Movement has 
 yet to be made, and may justify the wonder and ad- 
 miration, which the very name of Oxford raised all 
 over the country, extending to India, America, and 
 indeed all the Colonies. The practical results too in 
 Oxford itself may claim some attention. Many of the 
 Tractarian clergy were parish priests also, and their 
 work was felt in their several parishes. In the early 
 days of Newman at St. Mary's he was a working parish 
 priest as well as a man of deep piety and astonishing 
 
 genius ; after him came C. P. Eden, editor of one of the 
 
 (266) 
 
RECOLLECTIONS OF OXFORD MOVEMENT. 267 
 
 Anglo-Catholic Library series, and then Charles Marriott. 
 Bishop Hobhouse, Denison and Hamilton at St. Peter's- 
 in-the-East were model parish priests ; of this last 
 named vicar Canon Liddon tells us so much in his 
 short memoir, of his fervent preaching, reverence and 
 wise-heartedness, giving impressions of religious earnest- 
 ness to all around him. After him came William 
 Adams author of The Shadow of the Cross, etc., who, 
 had he lived, might have even excelled his two pre- 
 decessors ; the memory of these three pervaded the 
 parish up to the early fifties. As to other parish work 
 we read of Mrs. Pusey, while health lasted, under her 
 parish clergyman visiting in St. Aldate's and St. Ebbe's, 
 and in Dr. Acland's report of the cholera time under 
 the self-sacrificing Charles Marriott, of Miss Hughes 
 and Miss Skene visiting the cholera patients in their 
 homes and in the temporary hospitals. Later on St. 
 Paul's was built by Mr. Combe, and Mr. Hackman, 
 chaplain of Christchurch, 1837, a famous preacher, was 
 vicar — the parish being taken out of St. Thomas's. 
 St. Barnabas is an off-shoot of St. Paul's and was 
 also built by Mr. Combe ; the vicar was appointed 
 under the advice of the late Dean Butler then Vicar 
 of Wantage ; St. Philip and St. James's was built about 
 1864. The story of St. Thomas's, Oxford, and its re- 
 markable vicar, forms a record in itself of the practical 
 side of the Church Movement and its influence in 
 parochial work there. Mr. Chamberlain, student of 
 
268 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 Christ Church and afterwards honorary canon, a man 
 of scholarship and ability, of courage, determination and 
 untiring energy, selected this parish, neglected for years, 
 poor, and once the haunt of thieves and harlots, for the 
 work of his life ; and for nearly fifty years with curates, 
 one of whom was Bishop Forbes of Brechin, Sisters of 
 Mercy, and all the helps of frequent services, through 
 abuse and persecution, wrought a change that must be 
 seen to be realised. He was also one of the most 
 active writers and editors in that part of Church litera- 
 ture which treated of simple dogmatic teaching, man- 
 uals and guides to devotion and doctrine, and much 
 scriptural instruction. On his death in 1892, a solid 
 block of granite with a cross was a most appropriate 
 monument to this brave and determined vicar. At 
 daily service and weekly Communion one well-known 
 figure was that of Philip Edward Pusey, Dr. Pusey's 
 only son, who, though debarred by great bodily infirm- 
 ity from Holy Orders, worked well with his pen for 
 the Church Movement, editing the works of Cyril of 
 Alexandria for the library of the fathers, always 
 bravely cheerful under his life-long suffering. Of the 
 surrounding parishes not much can be said in the early 
 times if we except Yarnton, under Vaughan Thomas 
 and Islip under F. Trench. 
 
 In the county must be named Cuddesdon with its 
 college and excellent parish work, Cowley with the 
 preaching fathers and daily services and frequent 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 269 
 
 Communions, Burford, Cropredy, Henley, Iffley, Ban- 
 bury, and Bloxham. 
 
 In Berkshire, Boyne Hill was the scene of Mr. 
 G-resley's latest labours. Wantage, for years under 
 Dean Butler, a centre whence came the working sister- 
 hoods ; Cosby White, Mr. Mackonochie and Canon 
 Liddou having been sometime curates. Eadley College 
 under Dr. Sewell, and its still successful wardens. 
 Bradfield was also a Church College, founded by Mr. 
 Stevens, the vicar of the parish. Crauborne under 
 Conyngham Ellis, author of From the Font to the 
 Altar; Lambourne under E. Milman afterwards Bishop 
 of Calcutta ; Clewer, with its long record of parish work 
 and Sisterhoods, under the Eev. T. T. Carter the great 
 spiritual writer of the Movement — and parish work 
 ■ could be told oi' at Abingdon, Eeading, Hungerford, 
 and I^ewbury. 
 
 In Buckinghamshire were Aylesbury and Colnbrook ;, 
 Little Marlow under the Eev. J. Baines already named ;. 
 Aston Clinton and Hambledon, long the vicarage of 
 the Eev. W. H. Eidley, author of one of the earliest 
 and most useful manuals for Holy Communion, a 
 man of the working school of parish priests, and no 
 doubt fully in accord with the chief resident in his 
 parish, the late Eight Hon. W. H. Smith, the record 
 of whose active and beautiful life has been so ably 
 written for us by Sir Herbert Maxwell. 
 
 To pass on northwards in Suffolk, Barsham, Claydon,. 
 
270 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 and Elfflswell had daily services ; at St. Matthew's, 
 Ipswich, Mr. Gay (of Archbishop Tenison's Chapel) 
 was working ; and at St. Mary le Tower, Mr. St. Leger. 
 In Norfolk, East Dereham, Heighana, and Ditchingham 
 may be named, especially the latter where the Eev. W. 
 E. Scudamore had one of the earliest houses of mercy 
 and sisterhoods. He was also the author of Steps 
 to the Altar, 1846, one of the most widely used 
 manuals. 
 
 Lincolnshire had many parish priests working on the 
 lines of the Movement at Gainsborough, Kelsey, Lea ; 
 Edmund Huff, a scholar and prizeman of Cambridge, 
 was vicar of little Gawthorpe in this county from 1853. 
 Another model parish parson also was the Eev. J. E. 
 West, Eector of Wrawby by Brigg and Canon of 
 Lincoln, lately called to his rest. He worked in his 
 parish for nearly sixty years, a Cambridge man of the 
 highest order of genius and learning, author of Tracts 
 on Church Principles, and many sermons ; he has been 
 truly described as one with a firm grasp of principles, 
 clearness of judgment and unselfish consideration for 
 others. In Derbyshire the Eev. B. Webb was at Sheen, 
 the friend of Dr. Neale and Mr. Beresford Hope; at 
 Derby Mr. Hope, at Bakewell Mr. Cornish, at Morley 
 Samuel Fox, an industrious writer in the cause, author 
 of Monks and Monasteries, the NoMe Army of Martyrs; 
 he also published an abridged edition of Markland's 
 Beverence Bue to Holy Places. When speaking of 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 271 
 
 Birmingham the great parish work done for years by 
 Dr. Claughton at Kidderminster should have been 
 named. In Staffordshire there were many working 
 centres, such as Walsall, Aldridge, West Bromwich, 
 Denstone, Handsworth, Eugeley, Willenhall, Wednes- 
 bury, where Mr. Trigg worked, and last but by no means 
 least, Elford, the parish where the Kev. F. E. Paget was 
 rector from 1835. To him (as to Mr. Gresley) is due 
 an immense influence over thousands of young church 
 people by means of his bright interesting tales and 
 stories full of point and wit, bearing on many forgotten 
 and neglected points of Church doctrine and practice, 
 such as: Tales of the Village; St. Antholins, or Old 
 Churches and New ; The Warden of Berkinghall, or Rich 
 and Poor ; Tales of the Village Children; The Christian's 
 Day; Sursum Corda, and other Books of Devotion; Sernwns 
 on the duties of daily life ; The Burial Service ; Saints 
 Days, etc. Mr. Paget was said to have given an 
 adverse opinion of the principle of Tract 90 which he 
 afterwards regretted. 
 
 In Liverpool early work was done under Cecil Wray, 
 Vicar of St. Martin's ; at St. James the Less by Kevs. 
 Bramah, Parnell, and George Chapman, and later on 
 at St. Margaret's. Daily services and frequent com- 
 munions at Atherton, Barrow-in-Furness, Kirkham, 
 Leigh, etc. ; at Manchester, St. Alban's, St. George's, 
 Holy Trinity, St. John Baptist's, under workers like Mr. 
 Sedgwick and others. 
 
272 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 In Yorkshire the work at Leeds has been well told 
 in the lives of Dr. Hook and Dr. Pusey ; in the county, 
 Eoystone where W. H. Teale, author of many excellent 
 biographies and other works, was vicar ; the influence of 
 the Movement was extending to many other parishes, 
 Baldersby, Barnsley, Halifax, Doncaster, Middles- 
 borough, Coatham, Burley-in-Wharfdale, Bradford. 
 The example and splendid work of the venerable Vicar 
 of Horbury, near Wakefield, spread about the county 
 the best of influences. He was ordained in that 
 eventful year 1833, and in 1834 went to Horbury where 
 he is working stUl. With his schools, orphanages, 
 sisterhoods and house of mercy, he has fostered a 
 revival of faith, and a renewal of living energy and 
 practice. In Scotland the Movement went forward 
 from many important foundations and centres : Cum- 
 brae College, Glenalmond, St. Columba's College, 
 Edinburgh, Crieff College, and Orphans' Home ; in the 
 lives and work of eminent laymen such as Lord 
 Glasgow, Lord Forbes, Sir Archibald Edmonstone, G. 
 H. J. Gordon of Ellon; of such bishops as Jolly, Words- 
 worth, Forbes, Eden, Cotterill and others ; of clergy such 
 as Dean Torry (whose biography was written by Dr. 
 Neale), Fortescue, Moir, Pirie, C. Wagstaff, Comper, 
 Canon Humble, and Patrick Cheyne, who at St. John's, 
 Aberdeen, went through much trial and persecution in 
 his forty years ministry, remaining as has been said 
 ever devoted to every part of his calling — frequent and 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 273 
 
 reverent services, unfailing attention to the poor, a 
 watchful interest over the young; of quiet, retiring 
 habits, during the time of his prohibition he was chiefly 
 to be found at work in his schools. In a very large 
 proportion of the churches in Scotland there was daily 
 service and weekly Communion. 
 
 Even in Ireland the Movement was felt, and much 
 improvement in the churches and services might be 
 recorded. Such names as Archer Butler, J. H. Todd, 
 Mr. Maturin of Grangegorman, Woodward of Fethard, 
 Dawson, Travers, Smith, etc., are still had in remem- 
 brance. 
 
 The record of missionary bishops, most of whom were 
 in accord with the main principles of the Tractarian 
 Movement would form a noble history of work ; Heber, 
 Selwyn, Patteson, Abraham, Nixon, Medley, Armstrong, 
 Mackenzie, Tozer, Steere, and very many others. 
 
CHAPTER XII. 
 
 I WOULD wish to point out that although in these 
 sketches and recollections necessarily the clergy of 
 the various places have chiefly been named, one must 
 by no means fall in with the notion that the Church 
 Movement with its new life and earnestness, and its 
 advance in all that was good, fine, and beautiful in 
 devotion and worship, was merely a clerical movement ; 
 nothing can be farther from the tnith, and to represent 
 the clergy as pressing ceremonial on an unwilling laity 
 is simply most untrue to facts. Certainly, the clergy 
 set themselves to teach and preach the great but much 
 forgotten truths, the faith and practice : and not only 
 by preaching, but by every outward act and gesture 
 did they teach reverence and care in all parts of divine 
 service ; but they bad with them ever a large body of 
 laymen, who were ready not only to follow, but con- 
 stantly to take the lead in the many outward ex- 
 pressions of revived religion shown in the beautiful 
 churches, services and ritual, in schools, sisterhoods, 
 hospitals, homes, refuges, etc. 
 
 I will now try to tell more fully of the laymen's share 
 in the Church Movement. There was, as we have seen, 
 (274) 
 
RECOLLECTIONS OF OXFORD MOVEMENT. 275 
 
 much opposition to the Movement from the popular 
 evangelical preachers, such as Dean Close, Hugh 
 StoweU, Hugh MacNeile, and a host of others, and 
 the opposing laity were also numerous and powerful. 
 There was Lord John Eussell's famous letter to the 
 Bishop of Durham, on the new Eoman Catholic hier- 
 archy just then established in England, which was 
 made the medium of attack on the Tractarian claims 
 for the Church and hierarchy of England. And with 
 Lord John Eussell in principle were Lord Shaftesbury 
 (then Lord Ashley), Mr. Baring, Mr. Bevan, Mr. 
 Whalley and others. It was quite a common saying 
 that Lord John Russell and Lord Ashley had some 
 voice in the appointment of the bishops in Lord 
 Palmerston's time, and it was acknowledged that their 
 selections were not always a success ; one of Punch's 
 cartoons represented these two as penitent Puritans, 
 confessing to each other that they had made a mess 
 of it ; and there was one cartoon of Lord John Russell 
 having his fortune told by a gipsy, and among other 
 things she says, " Beware of aprons, little gentleman, 
 specially silk 'uns ". 
 
 About 1850 the papers for the most part were in 
 fierce opposition to the Tractarian Movement, and for 
 months Punch, following in the wake of The Times, 
 caricatured the clergy, their dress, vestments, ornaments, 
 etc., to its heart's content. Huge meetings were held, 
 and there was abundance of denunciations, the chief 
 
276 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 laymen of the opposing party doing their utmost to 
 convert the anti-papal excitement of the day into 
 popular indignation against the High Church part)% 
 gaining a cheap popularity with the rest of the world 
 who had not taken the trouble to ascertain what the 
 real opinions of that party were. In one of the 
 speeches, alluding to St. Barnabas's, PimUco, Lord Ashley 
 announced his preference to "worship with Lydia on 
 the banks of the riverside rather than with hundreds 
 of surpliced priests in the temple of St. Barnabas ". 
 This sentence was clearly considered the gem of the 
 meeting, as on its repetition the whole meeting rose 
 with loud and prolonged cheering. 
 
 The Church Movement had many learned, intelligent 
 laymen; and we cannot take a brighter example, or 
 one more worthy to be mentioned first, than A. J. B. 
 Beresford Hope, of Bedgbury Park, a man of great 
 wealth, who devoted that and his talents to the cause 
 of the Church; a thorough champion on all points, 
 ready to speak and write on her behalf. He was at 
 Trinity College, Cambridge, in 1841, and was heart 
 and soul with Neale, Webb and the Ecclesiological 
 Society : in archaeology and architecture he was an 
 authority. In his place in Parliament his voice, in his 
 slow, rather harsh, but very impressive way, would be 
 raised on every Church question ; he recorded his 
 undying, undeviating, and unmitigated opposition to 
 the Deceased Wife's Sister Bill. He purchased and 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 277 
 
 rebuilt St. Aiigustiue's, Canterbury, as a Missionary- 
 College; had much to do with AU Saints, Margaret 
 Street, and St. Andrew's, Wells Street ; rebuilt Sheen 
 Church on his estate in Staffordshire, where he ap- 
 pointed the Rev. B. Webb as incumbent. He, with 
 a few others, founded the Saturday Review. His 
 works and articles were numerous : the chief were, On 
 the Greek and Roman Writers ; The Church Cause 
 and the Church Party; English Cathedrals; Wor- 
 ship in the Church of England. Not only was 
 he a writer, but he was a thoroughly earnest 
 worker in the Church Movement. His Letters on 
 Church Matters, hy D.C.L., to the Morning Chronicle, 
 were an exhaustive popular defence on the chief 
 points of debate in public speeches and meetings 
 about 1850., I will reproduce a passage of his on 
 Lord Ashley's speech about Lydia, alluded to just 
 now: — 
 
 " Lord Ashley's magnanimous resolve was simply a 
 piece of sonorous nonsense founded upon ignorance of 
 the Greek original, which I hope it is not Popery to 
 prefer to the Authorised Version. The noble orator 
 read in the latter that St. Paul worshipped with Lydia 
 by a riverside, ' where prayer was wont to be made ' ; 
 and his imagination at once pictured to him the 
 spectacle of something like what we never see in these 
 days, except at a Primitive Methodist revival — and 
 with a very safe forethought he closed with this, rather 
 
278 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 than with the worship of the Church or ' temple ' of 
 St. Barnabas. Permit me to assert that his lordship 
 cannot have read, or if he has read must have forgotten, 
 what St. Luke really wrote, which was, ' where there 
 was a customary irpoaevyj]^ that is a house or station 
 of prayer or oratory : so that instead of having bound 
 himself to turn out upon the river's bank where he 
 listed, his lordship only asserted his preference for 
 frequenting some stated house of prayer by the water- 
 side, which might be less gorgeous than St. Barnabas's 
 and might be more so." 
 
 The whole of these letters to the Mormmg Chronicle 
 form a fair reply to objections on the most crucial 
 points in dispute at that exciting time. Mr. Beresford 
 Hope was a D.C.L. of Cambridge, and a Privy Coun- 
 cillor. 
 
 Lord Addington (formerly J. G. Hubbard), the 
 munificent founder of St. Alban's, Holborn, was another 
 staunch Churchman, and, though not a writer or author, 
 was a speaker ever ready in the Church's cause, a most 
 kind and generous friend to all in need of a friend, and 
 especially to the clergy. Mrs. Hubbard, was also 
 known to be a ready help to very many in sub- 
 stantial ways, especially the poorer curates. On one 
 occasion a friend was complaining to her of the very 
 long sermons preached by a curate. "Yes, I know," 
 was her reply, " the good man evidently tries to 
 bring the whole Gospel into every sermon ; no wonder 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 279 
 
 he never knows when to stop." At Addington, Bucks, 
 where the Eev. T. W. Perry was long time curate under 
 Mr. Baker, Mr. Hubbard rebuilt the church in 1859, 
 and, though a financier and first-rate man of business, 
 he was seen at his best at his own place in the country. 
 At the consecration of his church at Addington, his 
 speech was a model of what good landlords and land 
 proprietors should say and feel. He teUs how he had 
 but done his duty ; that he would have felt no sort of 
 satisfaction, night or morning, with what God had 
 given him if he had built his own house and left God's 
 house in ruins. As a contrast to the general com- 
 promise of Church principles displayed on the hustings, 
 Mr. Hubbard's speech on his nomination to Bucking- 
 ham was a most manly, plain, and straightforward 
 statement. Parts of it would be interesting, especially 
 where he speaks of being High Church, when he says : 
 " Is the Church not high ? high in its glorious mission, 
 high in the motives it sets before us, high in the 
 objects to which it leads, high in its Divine Head 
 and Founder?" Then bespoke out admirably as to 
 the popular use of the word Protestant. 
 
 Sir' Archibald Edmonstone, who died in 1871, was 
 a Churchman of the type displayed in his own book, 
 The Christian Gentleman's Daily Walk. In the quiet 
 life of the true gentleman he was one of the fruits of 
 the Church Movement, unobtrusive, and but little 
 heard or talked 6f. Some of his other works were: 
 
28o RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 Family Lectures for Holy Seasons and Saints' Days ; 
 Portions of the Psalnfis selected and arranged for De- 
 votional Purposes ; Devotional Reflections in Verse, ar- 
 ranged in accordance with the Church Calendar. The 
 Christian Gentleman was a practical book, presenting 
 a course of CJiristian conduct in the higher walks of 
 life. 
 
 In early days Mr. J. W. Henley was looked up to 
 as a true Churchman and gentleman. Squire of Water- 
 perry, Oxfordshire, he was a Magdalen College man, 
 and spent a long and active life in many positions of 
 trust and importance. He was President of the Board 
 of Trade under Lord Derby. 
 
 Baron Alderson was for years not only a lawyer of 
 high repute, but also a staunch Churchman. He will 
 be remembered by many of the regular congregation 
 of St. Mary Magdalen's, Munster Square, of which 
 church he laid the foundation stone in 1849. He was 
 a Cambridge man, and was in frequent consultation 
 and correspondence with the most active Churchmen 
 of the Movement, and from his high standing as a 
 lawyer was ever ready to help and advise in all cases 
 of doubt and difficulty. He wrote a learned pamphlet 
 on the meaning and scope of the Eoyal Supremacy. A 
 memoir of this eminent and Christian lawyer was 
 published by J. W. Parker, in 1859, with extracts 
 from his Charges : — it tells of his care for juvenile 
 criminals, and, indeed, for aU who were the subjects 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 281 
 
 of his office. One of the most touching things in the 
 memoir is a letter written to a younger brother, a 
 scholar of Charterhouse, daring his last illness. 
 
 Lord John Manners, now the Duke of Eutland, who 
 was a statesman and a poet, was looked up to by many 
 as almost a knight of chivalry and orthodoxy. His 
 life was a very practical and busy one. He was for 
 some time Chief Commissioner for Public Works, but 
 found time to write a good deal ; among other works, 
 A Plea for Public Holidays. So now he might heartily 
 join in the plea for the revived observance of the day 
 of our patron saint, St. George. In 1841 he wrote 
 UnglaTuTs Trust, and in 1850 .English Ballads. 
 
 Sidney Herbert (first Lord Herbert of Lea) well 
 deserves mention in the record of the Church Move- 
 ment. When Mr. Thomas Mozley was Fellow of Oriel, 
 he described Sidney Herbert, at the gentlemen com- 
 moners' side of the high table, as the grandest and most 
 interesting historic figure then at Oxford, — one not to 
 be forgotten ; very tall, with large soft eyes, a gentle 
 expression, and an unmistakable likeness to George 
 Herbert, the sainted poet of Bemerton; few would 
 have thought then that he was the man to perform an 
 important part in the administration of a great war, 
 under most difficult circumstances, as Secretary for 
 War, in 1852. He was devoted to his work, and 
 his early death in 1861 was a national loss. The 
 subject of dwellings for the poor and other plans for 
 
282 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 their comfort and benefit had his active help. He built 
 Wilton Church at a cost of £30,000, and another 
 church at Sandyraount, Dublin. 
 
 Sir Stephen Glynne, of Hawarden, was a Churchman 
 and an antiquary, a learned archaeologist and historian, 
 leaving notes and details of many thousand churches ; 
 a man of singular refinement and remarkable industry. 
 At his death Hawarden became the property of a son 
 of Mr. Gladstone. 
 
 Colonel Short, of Odiham in Hampshire, who died 
 in 1857, was one of the most active and hardworking 
 of laymen; so indefatigable was he in promoting all 
 works of charity and religion which came within his 
 reach that he might almost be called a public man. 
 To all who were honestly fighting under the banner of 
 the Church of England, Colonel Short's ready sympathy 
 and, whenever possible, his energetic assistance, were 
 never wanting ; it was esteemed a happiness to enjoy 
 his friendship. He was the son of Charles Short, Esq., 
 of Woodlands, Hants. In 1814 he joined the Cold- 
 stream Guards as an ensign ; was present at Quatre 
 Bras in June, 1815, and at Waterloo on the 18th, 
 and went through the whole of the campaign. After 
 he had retired from active military life he still worked 
 for his chosen profession, and published several works 
 on military subjects and duties. From 1837 Colonel 
 Short was actively engaged, and was a director of the 
 Eoyal Mail Steam Packet Company. He lived in 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT, 283 
 
 Queen Square, Westminster, and was mainly instru- 
 mental in substituting the handsome church of Christ- 
 church, Broadway, for the little chapel that stood on 
 that site, and helped the clergy and the poor around. 
 In 1847 the House of Charity, Soho, was founded ; 
 Colonel Short was on the Council, and by his inde- 
 fatigable work helped largely to its success, and worked 
 for it up to the time of his death. In 1852 he settled 
 at Odiham, and there, too, the church was his care; 
 the high wooden pews disappeared, the chantry was 
 put in order, and the almshouses rebuilt. Colonel 
 Short was brother to the revered Bishop iShort, of 
 Adelaide. 
 
 Of Mr. J. D. Chambers, Eecorder of Salisbury, it 
 will be known to many of our readers that, both as a 
 learned lawyer and as a liturgiologist, his best services 
 have been, and are still, given to the Church ; and many 
 handsome volumes testify to his research and industry, 
 among others translations of the old Latin Hymns. 
 Mr. Chambers was on the council of the Union 
 newspaper, and was one of the chief members of the 
 Society for promoting the Unity of Christendom, an 
 ■object all Christians must approve of; if union is 
 strength, disunion must be weakness. (His death has 
 been recorded since these pages were first written.) 
 
 Sir Perceval Heywood's zeal and work for the 
 Church will be fresh in the minds and hearts of many, 
 as patron of St. John's, Miles Platting, and as munificent 
 
284 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 donor and helper to the St. Nicholas' College Schools 
 at Denstone and elsewhere. Speaking of these schools 
 and the immense benefit they have been to the rising 
 generatioQ, we well remember that the support and 
 assistance of the Marquis of Salisbury, when Lord 
 Eobert Cecil, was heartily given to them : of this family 
 Viscount Cranborne (who was blind) wrote a History 
 of France for Children, in a series of letters, which was 
 published by Mr. Masters. 
 
 Mr. F. H. Dickinson, of Kin^weston, Somersetshire, 
 should be mentioned as a scholar and Churchman. 
 Among his publications were Convocation and the Laity, 
 1857 ; and A List of old Service Books, according to the 
 Uses of the Anglican Church, with the Possessors. 
 
 Alderman Bennett, of Manchester, was a courageous 
 and eloquent champion in all Church matters, and one 
 who gave of his substance most liberally in church 
 building, etc. 
 
 J. H. Markland, of Bath, whither he retired in 
 18-41, was a most active and learned lawyer, anti- 
 quarian and Churchman, valued by many friends and 
 entrusted with important interests and large charitable 
 funds. In 1849 he was made D.C.L. of Oxford. He 
 died in 1864, and a window in Bath Abbey Church 
 was erected to his memory. He was the author 
 of many valuable archaeological works : Remarhs on 
 English Churches; Reverence due to Holy Places; and 
 Ken's Prayers for Persons coming to the Baths of Bath. 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 285 
 
 Of Mr. Henry Tritton and Mr. Henry Hoare, the 
 two bankers of London, it would be difficult to say 
 much ; for their quiet, unobtrusive lives and splendid 
 munificence were, as was intended, little known to the 
 outside world. 
 
 Earl Beauchamp's years of work are still fresh in 
 the minds of most of us. From his early days, as the 
 Honourable Frederick Lygon, he was first and foremost 
 in every excellent work, founding, building, and en- 
 dowing ; and such a monument as the College at New- 
 land, Malvern, with many another — Keble College, the 
 Pussy Memorial, etc. — will testify to generations 
 of this nobleman's piety and devotion. He published 
 several most useful devotional works, especially the 
 Day Hours of the Church of England, of value to the 
 - numerous sisterhoods and religious foundations, pub- 
 lished, too, at a price that brings it within the means 
 of every one. He also edited Liber Begalis for the 
 Eoxburgh Club. 
 
 I have already mentioned General Gomm and 
 Colonel Moorsom, and to them we must add the names 
 of Sir Alfred Slade, Colonel Shaw-Hellyer, and of 
 Colonel Errington, who printed a Book of Prayer for 
 Soldiers, with texts referring to the soldier's office, 
 morning and evening prayers and psalms, prayers for 
 the eve of battle, when wounded, on a march, at 
 sea, etc. 
 
 Henry Styleman Lestrange, of an old Norfolk family^ 
 
286 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 must be included in our record. An Eton and Christ- 
 Church man, he was most enthusiastic in all that 
 concerned religious art and architecture. He painted 
 the roof of Ely Cathedral, which took him four years ; 
 and he was two years decorating in St. Albah's, 
 Holborn, under Mr. Butterfield. Mr. Lestrange was 
 thoroughly at home in the work of the Church Move- 
 ment. 
 
 Among good Churchmen, who were also good land- 
 lords and masters, the name of Mr. Eliot Warburton, 
 of Arley, North wich, Cheshire, should be recorded. 
 The noble chapel he built there was an architectural 
 gem, and it was afterwards enlarged to take in the 
 tenants and labourers on the estate. 
 
 Mr. G-ambier Parry, of Highnam Court, Gloucester, 
 must be mentioned as a zealous Churchman. He built 
 the beautiful church there, and with his own hands 
 helped to paint the roof of Ely Cathedral. 
 
 The late Earl of Fife built a private chapel at Innes 
 House, Aberdeenshire ; and on the birthday of Lord 
 Macduff, the present earl (now Duke of Fife), the 
 father and son presented the petition for consecration ; 
 the chapel was well and correctly ordered, and evidently 
 the chaplain's office there was a reality, and not a mere 
 title, as it had so often been. 
 
 On special occasions laymen were found who were 
 ready to lift up their voices in the cause of truth and 
 purity ; and in 1858 Mr. Holman Hunt, the painter of 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 287 
 
 the " Light of the World," etc., exposed some sad mis- 
 doings in the case of a Christian convert and an Arab 
 at Jerusalem ; Mr. Hunt deserves many thanks for his 
 courage and trouble in the good cause. 
 
 Another religious painter, and perhaps the great 
 devotional painter of the time, was William Dyce, the 
 Eoyal Academician. He was said to be the originator 
 here of the pre-Eaphaelite school. Overbeck and other 
 German painters about 1828 much approved of the 
 young artist's work on principles they had long been 
 working for. Dyce became director of the Government 
 School of Design, and Professor of Fine Arts at King's 
 College ; he gave lectures, and painted. The late 
 Prince Consort purchased his beautiful " Madonna 
 and Child" in 1846, which was engraved in the Art 
 Journal ; he was selected to paint some of the frescoes 
 in the new Houses of Parliament. But as a religious 
 artist and Churchman we are chiefly speaking of him, 
 and most of us well remember his charming picture in 
 the Academy of George Herbert at Bemerton. As a 
 church musician, too, he takes a very high place ; as 
 one of the founders of the Motett Society in connection 
 with the Ecclesiological Society, and as compiler and 
 editor of the two beautiful volumes of the Prayer-Book 
 with the ancient musical notation superbly printed in 
 black letter with borders. Lastly, we must record 
 his defence of Church principles in his forcible reply to 
 Mr. Euskin's Construction of Sheepfolds : it was a 
 
288 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 valuable controversial pamphlet entitled, Shepherd 
 and Sheep, and was a full reply to Mr. Euskin, whose 
 Puritan training had then landed him in a system where 
 the idea of a living, teaching, historical church was 
 entirely lost sight of; and with Mr. Dyce, as with all 
 the Tractarian writers, this idea, or rather the revival 
 of this great principle, was an essential. 
 
 Of Mr. Brett, the' noble and beloved doctor of whom 
 we have spoken before, there is much more to be told. 
 The wondrous influence he exercised on all who knew 
 and valued him reached far and wide, in the years after 
 his death on even to the present time. Of his profes- 
 sion Dr. Crawford and Dr. Golding Bird were Church- 
 men. 
 
 One layman whom we have already mentioned, Mr. 
 John L. Anderdon, well deserves to be remembered 
 in further detail. Mr. Anderdon resided for many 
 years at Chiselhurst, where his daughter was the wife 
 of the vicar, the Rev. F. H. Murray, and there he will 
 perhaps still be remembered. My first recollection of 
 him was in the early years of the fifties, when he was 
 partner in the firm of Manning & Anderdon, West 
 India merchants, of New Bank Buildings ; his partner 
 was Mr. Charles Manning, brother to Cardinal Manning. 
 At that time Mr. Anderdon was the very model of a 
 refined English gentleman — tall, thin, with fine features, 
 and brilliant eyes, with a most gentle and winning ex- 
 pression; to those who had the privilege of knowing 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 289 
 
 him, his courtesy and unvarying kindness were simply 
 impressive ; an unobtrusive, most consistent Churchman 
 in every way, never altering or varying, staunch and 
 true throughout his life, a friend to he depended on, 
 generous, strong, and unfailing ; a gentleman and man 
 of business, he was also a scholar, and, though a layman, 
 he was almost a divine ; as a Churchman, he was of the 
 school of G-eorge Herbert, Izaac Walton, and Bishop 
 Ken ; to the memory of the latter he was indeed devoted, 
 and one of his chief works was a Life of Bishop Ken, 
 first in one large octavo volume with engraved portrait, 
 and a second edition in two volumes ; several handsome 
 editions of Ken's Prayers, Hymns, and his Approach 
 to the Altar (the latter still, I think, in print) ; 
 he also wrote a work entitled The Messiah, a devo- 
 tional and practical life of our Blessed Lord. A lover 
 of beauty in Nature and Art, he published in earlier 
 days The River Dove, and other similar works. In the 
 City Mr. Anderdon was for years a well-known pre- 
 sence, and a characteristic story of his love of the 
 beautiful in Art may be told here. In his walks down 
 Cheapside he was frequently attracted by some small 
 water-colour sketches, many of which he purchased, 
 and after a while was curious to know the painter and 
 his address. On arriving at the address, he asked for 
 Mr. Leitch, and as he was scene-painting at the Victoria 
 Theatre, Mr. Anderdon went there and found him at 
 work, and soon after arranged to send the artist abroad 
 
 19 
 
290 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 for some years to study and paint; he became the 
 famous artist, "W. L. Leitch, who taught the Queen, and 
 whose works still live and are valued. As a memorial 
 of his kindness, Mr. Anderdon accepted some of the 
 artist's beautiful drawings, though he was not a collec- 
 tor like his brother of Upper Grosvenor Street, known 
 as the donor to our National Gallery of Hogarth's 
 wonderful picture of " Sigismunda ". 
 
 Arthur H. Dyke Acland, one of a family of excellent 
 Churchmen, friends of Bishop Jebb, Alexander Knox, 
 etc., must not be forgotten. He was the compiler of 
 Liturgia Domestica, a most useful book of household 
 devotion, and of the Hours of Prayers, with an intro- 
 duction and a most pathetic dedication, at the end of 
 which was reproduced, in a woodcut, the well-known 
 seal of Bishop Ken, the crucifix as an anchor. 
 
 Sir Charles Anderson, of Broughton, Lincolnshire, 
 was a typical English country gentleman, taking a 
 leading part in all the affairs of the county, and uni- 
 versally looked up to ; he was educated at Oriel College, 
 and was known to Newman (going with him on a tour 
 to Egypt), Keble, and the great leaders ; but it was 
 Keble who made a deep and life-long impression on 
 him, and whose firm grasp of the position of the English 
 Church he always thoroughly retained. He was an 
 accomplished archaeologist, the author of a work called 
 Ancient Models, containing hints on church building, 
 with illustrations, published by Burns; a staunch 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 291 
 
 supporter of his parish priest, a regular worshipper at 
 all Church functions and kindred gatherings, most free 
 from cant or unreality. He was a great friend of the 
 late Sir George Prevost, and his daughter is the wife 
 of the present baronet. 
 
 A great friend of Sir Charles Anderson was Mr. 
 Curtis Hayward, also an Oriel man, of Quedgeley, in 
 Gloucestershire — and in that county he occupied a 
 very similar position^ — a model squire and a thorough 
 staunch and energetic Churchman ; he married a sister 
 of Archdeacon Harrison, one of the writers of the 
 Tracts for the Times, the great friend of Pusey and 
 Newman. On succeeding to the estate, he at once 
 took measures to convert the living of which he was 
 patron into a rectory, at a very considerable sacrifice of 
 yearly income to himself. Mr. Hayward's brother 
 married a daughter of the late Canon Wade, of Glou- 
 cester. 
 
 Other names could be added, such as Mr. Wilbra- 
 liam, of Eode Hall, Cheshire, whose daughter, Frances 
 M. Wilbraham, wrote some useful tales on Church lines ; 
 The Loyal Heart and other tales, translated from the 
 German ; also a history of the Kingdom of Judah, from 
 the death of Solomon to the Babylonish captivity. 
 
 A list of the working women of the Church Move- 
 ment could be made : of such were Miss Byron, Miss 
 Sellon, Lady Elizabeth Clements, Lady Gomm, Mrs. 
 Pusey, Lady Emily Pusey and others. 
 
2g2 RECOLLECTIONS OF OXFORD MOVEMENT. 
 
 A few living Church laymen must not be omitted, 
 Mr. Henry H. Gibbs, of the family of the founders of 
 Keble College, Lord Nelson, Eichard Foster, G. A. 
 Spottiswoode, Manley Hopkins, the Hawaiian Consul, 
 and Lord Forbes, who himself wrote an admirable 
 treatise on the Holy Eucharist ; he and the late Lord 
 Forbes, his father, were both for some time resident 
 at Brighton, and are remembered with much respect 
 and affection by very many there, as always most 
 kind and courteous and ready to help in every good 
 Church work. There were hundreds of other excellent 
 laymen throughout the nation, all helping on the 
 revival heartily. 
 
CHAPTEE XIII. 
 
 A VEEY slight account of the publications of the Move- 
 ment may enable those of the present day to estimate 
 the labour and industry of the chief writers, and also 
 of the publishers of the literature which, both directly 
 and indirectly, was one result of the Tractarian Move- 
 ment ; it may serve also to give some idea of the 
 influence and spread of knowledge on these particular 
 lines, from the octavo volume of essays, sermons, or 
 treatises down to the small penny tract, brightly and 
 vigorously written. Some one compared these tracts to 
 the " small arms of the Church Militant ". Take any 
 popular book on any subject of which ten thousand 
 copies are sold, and read ; it leaves an impression and 
 influence on a great many who read it carefully and 
 who remember what they read. This may be said of 
 any one ordinary single book; and the literature of 
 the Church Movement consisted of thousands of books, 
 large and small, the object being to raise the English 
 Church to the height of her own standard ; claiming 
 for her a place as a true part of Catholic Christendom. 
 This was the foundation of all that was written and 
 
 attempted. 
 
 (293) 
 
294 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 The literature of the Church Movement included 
 the chief publications of four publishing houses — 
 Messrs. Eivington, Parker, Mozley and Masters ; the 
 catalogues by the beginning of 1850 contained many 
 hundreds of publications, and were often pamphlets of 
 fifty or sixty pages. Some early works chiefly by Mr. 
 Gresley and Mr. Paget were published by James of 
 Eugeley, afterwards by J. T. Walters, who was ordained 
 and retired to a country living. The name of Mr. 
 Lomax, of Lichfield, appeared on some few of the title- 
 pages. In London, Mr. Burns had much of the early 
 Tractarian publications: a vast number of children's 
 books, tales, allegories, tracts on Christian doctrine 
 and practice; Bishop (then Archdeacon) Wilberforce's 
 sermons; allegories, charges, letters, etc., works by 
 Eobert Anderson of Brighton, and Mr. Dodsworth: 
 the Baptismal Offices, Illustrated from the Uses of 
 Salisbury, Cologne, etc., by T. M. Fallow, first Incum- 
 bent of St. Andrew's, Wells Street ; reprints of E. 
 Nelson, Bishop Jolly, Lawrence, Hacket, Ken, etc.; 
 the Fairy Bower and Zost Brooch, by Mrs. Thomas 
 Mozley, Dr. Newman's sister; treatises, sermons, etc. 
 by the older divines and fathers. For some time 
 the Magazine for the Young, edited by Mrs. T. 
 Mozley, and the Englishman's Magazine, were two 
 useful serials. 
 
 Mr. Burns, originally, I think, a Presbyterian, was 
 one of the regular congregation of old Margaret Chapel, 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 295 
 
 and was a man of some learning and great taste, which 
 he displayed in his publications ; borders were engraved 
 on wood, with head and tail pieces of artistic designs ; 
 his book. Poems and Pictures, with poetry and drawings 
 after Selous, Harvey, etc., was almost the earliest of 
 those guinea table books, which became, for a few 
 years, quite a feature with many publishers. One of the 
 most successful of his books, the Eucharistica, was 
 entirely compiled by Mr. Burns himself, the Bishop 
 of Oxford writing the introduction only : this work 
 had a sale of some hundreds of thousands ; the com- 
 panion volume, Sorce Sacrce, was compiled in the same 
 way, with a preface by the Eev. T. Chandler, of Witley. 
 When Mr. Burns seceded from the Church, the greater 
 number of his publications were continued by Mr. 
 Masters. 
 
 Mr. Cleaver, of Baker Street, published for the Eev. 
 W. J. E. Bennett, when he was at Portman Chapel. 
 Mr. Toovey, then of St. James Street, published for 
 Mr. Oakeley at Margaret Chapel, his Psalter, Bonaven- 
 tura's Life of Christ, Sermons, Devotions for Holy 
 Communion, etc. The late Mr. J. T. Hayes, started 
 in what is now called South Eaton Place, and published 
 for Mr. Bennett of St. Paul's, Knightsbridge, Eev. E. 
 M. Benson, and many other clergy ; he was long time 
 a worshipper at St. Paul's, Knightsbridge, and St. Barna- 
 bas's. Mr. Hodges, who came from Prome, made a 
 small business in London. Many distinctly Church 
 
296 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 writers had their own publishing houses. The Eev. J. 
 J. Blunt of Cambridge, author of Sermons ; The Parish 
 Priest; The Early Fathers; Undesigned Coincidences; 
 etc., published through Mr. Murray. Mr. Macmillan 
 published later on for Miss Yonge ; Archer Butler's 
 most valuable Sermons, Philosophy, and reply to Dr. 
 Newman's Theory of Bevelopment ; also for Mr. Hard- 
 wick and Mr. Proctor as well as for some Cambridge 
 churchmen of note ; Mayor's Churchmen of the Seven- 
 teenth Century, Ferrar, etc. Messrs. Bell and Daldy 
 were also publishers for some of the well-known 
 writers ; Eev. W. Denton's Commentaries, Mrs. 
 Gatty's Parables, and some standard Church poets like 
 Miss Proctor ; also Prebendary Sadler's works, some of 
 the most valuable contributions to Church literature, 
 viz., The Second Adam, or New Birth in Baptism, and his 
 Church Doctrine Bihle Truth, a book that has perhaps done 
 better service than any later work we know of, written 
 to prove that the distinct system of teaching found 
 throughout the Prayer Book is exactly in accord with 
 the dogmatic system found in the Gospels and Epistles 
 of the New Testament; it is remarkable, too, that no 
 attempt to reply to this work has ever been made by 
 those who so constantly plead for the Bible and the 
 Bible only, and condemn Church teaching as uuscriptu- 
 ral; his Owe Offering is a complete treatise on the 
 Holy Communion, its doctrine and ceremonial, in rela- 
 tion to the Atonement ; Mr. Bell also published church 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 297 
 
 music, hymns, canticles, etc. Mr. Ollivier, at 59 Pall 
 Mall, published the Parish Choir, and a few Church 
 tales. Mr. Mowbray at Oxford was a Church publisher 
 later on. 
 
 The house of Eivington was always known as 
 publishing on the old orthodox lines, and, indeed, for 
 very many years had reprints and editions of standard 
 Church writers, such as Nelson, Ken, Law, Jeremy 
 Taylor; the works of such pioneers as E. Wilson 
 Evans, author of the Rectory of Valehead ; Bishop 
 Jebb, Alex. Knox, Bowdler, etc. ; publishing The Whole 
 Duty of Man, Week's Preparation, the British Critic 
 for many years, and starting the Church Review as 
 a quarterly on the same principles. They were the 
 projectors of the Theological Library, edited by Hugh 
 James Eose, and to which the Eev. C. Webb Le Bas 
 contributed. Some of E. Wilson Evans' works appeared 
 in this library; some books which appeared separately, 
 such as Newman's Arians, were originally proposed for 
 this library ; they published the Tracts for the Times, 
 and Newman's Sermons, Dr. Pusey's Sermons, Dr. 
 Hook's, Manning's, James Mozley's, and most of the 
 works of the great writers and preachers ; Dr. Words- 
 worth's Commentary, the Plain Sermons by contributors 
 to the Tracts for the Times, Mr. Isaac Williams' 
 Sermons and Commentaries, and the Treasury of Devo- 
 tion ; and, later on, the sermons of the greatest preacher 
 of our own times, Henry Parry Liddon, the one who 
 
298 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 had such power and influence, whose preaching will 
 live on. 
 
 Mr. John Henry Parker, the Oxford publisher, a 
 learned archfeologist and student of architecture, was 
 a prominent figure in the Tractarian Movement, and 
 issued its great publications, libraries, and series of 
 works. The reprints alone from most of the best 
 Church divines made quite a library in themselves, all 
 printed in excellent style. Church literature for the 
 million was also done in cheaper forms for general cir- 
 culation ; cheap reward books, tales for the young men 
 and women of England on social and reHgious sub- 
 jects, sacred prints and cottage pictures, private prayers, 
 family prayers, books and tracts on the Prayer-Book, 
 the seasons, public worship, etc. ; also the Penny Post, a 
 popular monthly periodical, Keble's Christian Year, issued 
 in various editions, all shapes and sizes, thousands and 
 tens of thousands year after year. Mr. James Parker, 
 his son and successor, has rendered service to the 
 Church in historical works on her liturgy and ritual. 
 
 Mr. Mozley, the father of that talented family who 
 took such an active part in the Tractarian Movement, 
 was a well-known printer and publisher at Derby, at 
 first chiefly of standard useful books. His sons, John 
 and Charles, carried on and developed the business ; 
 printing and publishing the Christian Bememhrancer 
 (successor to the earlier British Magazine, and British 
 Critic, which latter Dr. Newman and Thomas Mozley 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT 
 
 299 
 
 had edited) ; this for many years held a very high place 
 as the Church Quarterly Eeview, edited by William 
 Scott, of Christ Church, Hoxton, and contributed to by 
 such men as Dr. ISTeale, James B. Mozley, Eobert Wil- 
 berforce, and others. Among their publications were 
 Eobert Wilberforce on Holy Baptism, The Holy Eucha- 
 rist, and The Incarnation; works by Mr. Eickards, 
 Canon Trevor, Caswall ; the Practical Christian's 
 Library, Lives of Englishmen, Herbert, Walton, Kettle- 
 well, Hooker, etc., Jackson's Stories on the Collects, 
 several Hymnals, Church Poetry, the Lyra Apostolica ; 
 small popular tales — Eessie Gray, The Conceited Pig, 
 and Michael the Chorister. The Monthly Packet had a 
 special value of its own, under its well-known editor, 
 Miss Yonge. 
 
 The rapid growth of the Movement may be imagined 
 from a short sketch of the rise and progress of another pub- 
 lishing house, that of Mr. Masters in Aldersgate Street. 
 Mr. Masters was a Staffordshire man, apprenticed to 
 Mr. Lomax, of Lichfield; he came to London, about 1827, 
 to a small house on the west side of Aldersgate Street, 
 from which he moved in 1838 to No. 33 on the other 
 side, with printing offices later on in Bartholomew 
 Close. His first publications were quite general ones : 
 Throne Crick's Commercial Traveller, Miss Bunbury's 
 Bides in the Pyrenees, etc His connection with 
 Staffordshire brought Mr. Gresley and Mr. Paget, two 
 of the ablest writers of sermons, tales, allegories, etc., 
 
300 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 there were sixty or seventy works by these two authors 
 alone. On Mr. Burns' secession the Church work came 
 on Mr. Masters like a flood, and taxed his resources and 
 powers to the utmost: but his energy and practical 
 knowledge stood him in good stead ; and about 1856-60 
 his catalogue was a book of 140 pages, a thousand 
 volumes and pamphlets, some of them large and im- 
 portant books, such as, Badger's Nestorians, Neale's 
 Eastern Church, etc., works by W. Heygate, Dr. Irons, 
 Bishop of Brechin, T. T. Carter, T. Chamberlain, 
 Denison, Helmore, Dr. Gauntlett, Cope and Stretton's 
 Visitatio Infirmonim, Miss Yonge, S. C. Malan, Dr. 
 Mill, Bishop Milman, E. Monro, Henry Newland, 
 G. A. Poole, E. Redhead, Eobt. Brett, Alex. Watson, 
 Bishop Woodford, etc. Mr. Masters' energy was un- 
 failing, and he was devoted to his work, with a real 
 love for it ; he had excellent helpers, the head of the 
 printing ofiBce, Mr. Essex ; his reader, Mr. Wright, 
 an admirable scholar; Mr. Phillips, and Mr. Stokes; 
 as well as a partner who took much of the literary 
 editing work and preparation of MSS. from 1848 to 
 1863. Dr. Neale records, in his early diary, when Mr. 
 Masters had just undertaken Spelman on Sacrilege, 
 and some larger works, that " Masters is working away 
 like a young elephant". Mr. Brett and the Eev. T. 
 Chamberlain were ever ready to help in the editing and 
 arrangement of small works on Church doctrine, practice 
 and devotion, such as Pocket Manual of Prayers, What 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 301 
 
 to Believe, Simple Prayers, etc. Of serial works, there 
 were The Juvenile Englishman's Library, The Juvenile 
 Unglishrnan's Historical Library, London Parochial 
 Tracts, Parish Tracts, The Church and the Million, 
 Tracts for Working People, The Poor Churchman's 
 Friend, The Churchman's Companion, from 1847 to 
 1883 ; The Ecclesiastic, a theological monthly, 1846 
 to 1868, mainly edited by the Eev. Thomas Chamber- 
 lain ; among the contributors were H. J. Coleridge, 
 E. A. Freeman, Beresford Hope, J. G. Cazenove, 
 Dr. Weale, Eobert Wilberforce, Bishop Forbes, Jus- 
 tice Coleridge, Lord Campden, Lord John Manners, 
 N. Pocock, W. J. Irons, J. Baines, H. N". Oxenham, 
 H. Newland, W. Denton, T. W. Perry, and Dr. Little- 
 dale. 
 
 The Ecclesiologist, 1845 to 1868, published under the 
 superintendence of the Ecclesiological (late Cambridge 
 Camden) Society, was a complete record of the improve- 
 ment in church architecture, new churches, restorations, 
 works of art, art societies, church music, etc. Some 
 of the contributors were Eev. B. Webb, A. J. B. Beres- 
 ford Hope, Dr. Neale, G. E. Street, W. Scott, Sir 
 Stephen Glynne, F. H. Dickinson, J. D. Chambers, 
 etc. 
 
 Of the Hymns for Little Children, by Mrs. Alexander 
 (Miss Humphry), wife of the Bishop of Derry, first 
 published in 1848 — four sizes on sale — sixty-nine 
 editions have been published, or nearly 700,000 copies ; 
 
302 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 of her Moral Songs, thirteen editions, or over 70,000 
 copies. 
 
 The ChurchwMn's Diary, commenced in 1845 with 
 2000, has a circulation of nearly 10,000. 
 
 Many diaries, almanacs and calendars were compiled ; 
 one was an Ecclesiastical Almanac of 1845, without 
 authority but compiled from authentic sources, published 
 by Mr. J. Leslie, of Great Queen Street, Lincoln's Inn 
 Fields. 
 
 Of newspapers, the Morning Chronicle and the 
 Morning Post were favourable, as were the Bay news- 
 paper, 1861, the JoJin Bull, and the English Church- 
 man, for the early years of its life. The Guardian 
 was projected in 1846 in the chambers of Mr. T. H. 
 Hadden, an Oxford double-first (brother to Mr. Arthur 
 H. Hadden, the historian), Mr. Sharpe, the banker, and 
 •others assisting; it was, as now, the family Church news- 
 paper, ably conducted for very many years by the late 
 Mr. Martin Sharpe. The Union newspaper flourished 
 for a time ; and the Church Times, which took its bold 
 and firm stand under Mr. G. J. Palmer, deserves special 
 mention. The Church Review, under the English Church 
 Union, too, holds on its orthodox way. 
 
 One can only hint at the various guilds and associa- 
 tions, sisterhoods, unions, confraternities, such as the 
 English Church Union, originally called the Church of 
 England Protection Society, the Guild of St. Alban, and 
 hundreds of kindred societies, all doing special work for 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 303 
 
 the Church, the poor and afflicted, and all aiming at a 
 rule of life and devotion higher and more ennobling. 
 
 One of the earliest of these guilds was founded in 
 Oxford, on the Wednesday before Christmas, 1844, 
 called the Guild or Brotherhood of St. Mary the Virgin ; 
 its original purpose was the study of ecclesiastical art, 
 to which were afterwards added certain religious and 
 charitable objects. The resolutions were : — 1. To rise 
 early. 2. To be moderate in food. 3. To devote some 
 time each day to serious reading. 4. To speak evil of 
 no man, especially those in authority. 5. To avoid 
 places of dissipation, and aim at recoUectedness. 6. To 
 repeat the " Gloria Patri" morning and evening. 7. To 
 pray daily for the unity of the Church, the conversion 
 of sinners, the advancement of the faithful and for each 
 other as brethren. The title was after a time altered to 
 the Brotherhood of the Holy Trinity, with a Master 
 (a priest), an Almoner (a deacon), and an Amanuensis, 
 In addition to the other rules there were special ones, 
 viz., never to quote Holy Scripture except for a religious 
 end ; when in company never to drink in all above 
 three glasses of wine ; to observe simplicity in dress. 
 Their manual had forms of prayer for special occasions. 
 
 I will add, at the risk of some repetition, a list of the 
 chief writers, classified as far as possible. 
 
 Theologians and Dogmatic Writers. — J. H. Newman, 
 E. B. Pusey, E. J. Wilberforce, E. Owen, J. J. Blunt, 
 W. E. Scudamore, W. H. Mill, Archer Butler, J. B. 
 
304 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 Mozley, W. J. Irons, H. J. Rose, Bishop Forbes, E. H. 
 Froude, William Sewell, J. B. Morris, W. Bright, Thos. 
 Chamberlain, H. P. Liddon, F. M. Sadler. 
 
 Sermon Writers and Preachers. — J. H. Newman, E. 
 B. Pusey, Archdeacon Manning, John Keble, Thomas 
 Keble, Isaac "Williams, W. Gresley, F. E. Paget, J. B. 
 Mozley, E. Blencowe, S. Eickards, Bishop Armstrong, 
 Dr. Keale, G. E. Prynne, "W. J. E. Bennett, Jas. Skinner, 
 Bishop Woodford, H. Newland, H. P. Liddon, etc, 
 
 Historia7is. — S. E. Maitland, W. Palmer, E. Churton, 
 W. F. Hook, A. W. Haddan, Bishop Stubbs, Henry 
 Caswall, Canon Ashwell, etc. 
 
 Devotional Writers and Commentators. — E. B. Pusey, 
 J. M. Neale, Isaac Williams, E. Brett, W. E. Scuda- 
 more, T. T. Carter, C. Wordsworth, E. C. Trench, Dean 
 Goulburn, Chas. Marriott, Dr. Littledale, etc. 
 
 Poets and Hymn Writers. — E. W. Evans, J. H. New- 
 man, J. Keble, Isaac Williams, Aubrey De Vere, E. S. 
 Hawker, J. M. Neale, F. W. Faber, J. Chandler, E. C. 
 Trench, H. Caswell, W. J. Copeland, W. J. Blew, 
 H. Collins, W. J. Irons, Mrs. Alexander, Miss Proctor, 
 F. G. Lee, J. Fuller Eussell, Dr. Monsell, Miss Inge- 
 low, Miss Eossetti, and others. 
 
 Stories and Allegories. — W. Gresley, F. E. Paget, J. M. 
 Neale, S. Wilberforce, W. Adams, W. E. Heygate, 
 Bishop Milman, Miss Yonge, Miss Sewell, the author 
 of Tales of Kirkhech, etc.. Miss Ingelow, Miss Skene. 
 
 On Law, Ritual, and Liturgiology. — ^W. Maskell, 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 305 
 
 Canon Trevor, J. Fuller Eussell, W. J. Blew, T. W. 
 Perry, C. Grueber, Dr. Littledale, J. D. Chambers, 
 James Parker. 
 
 Controversialists in Defence. — Bishop Philpotts, E. B. 
 Pusey, W. J. E. Bennett, J. H. Newman, W. MaskeU, 
 W. B. Barter, T. W. Allies, W. J. Irons, G. A. Denison, 
 C. Grueber, T. W. Perry, Dr. Littledale, Canon MacColl. 
 
 On Art and Architecture. — A. J. B. Beresford Hope, 
 A. W. Pugin, E. A. Paley, J. M. Neale.B. Webb, G. A. 
 Poole, E. A. Freeman, G. G. Scott, G. E. Street, J. H. 
 Parker, J. Carpenter, W. Burges, G. Truefitt, W. Butter- 
 field, J. W. Hallam, Edmond Sedding, W. Dyce, and 
 others.* 
 
 Church Music. — W. Dyce, Dr. Druitt, Sir F. Ouseley, 
 Sir Henry Baker, Eev. J. W. Eumsay, Dr. Gauntlett, 
 E. Bedhead, T. Helmore, W. S. Eockstro, Dr. Dykes, 
 A. H. Brown. 
 
 Foremost in the revival of church music was the 
 Parish Choir ; the name of the originator and editor was 
 Dr. Eobert Druitt ; like his namesake Eobert Brett, 
 Dr. Druitt for love of the Church gave much valuable 
 
 * Benjamin Ferray, who died in August, 1880, deserves good 
 mention as a church architect, eminent in the early days of the 
 Gothic revival ; as an authority on church planning and propor- 
 tions he had scarcely a rival. The builder of St. Stephen's, West- 
 minster, the restorer of Wells Cathedral and Lady Chapel, author 
 of the Antiquities of the Priory of Ghrist Church, Hants, writer of 
 Recollections of A. Welhy Pugin, whose pupil he was. He was also 
 one of the most perfect draughtsmen of his day; a thorough Church- 
 man, who also gave much help in the revival of church music. 
 
 20 
 
3o6 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 time to editing and writing in the Parish Choir and 
 other such works. Sir W. Cope, Mr. Helmore, W. J. 
 E. Bennett, W. H. Monk were also contributors up to 
 1844, as Dr. Druitt points out in his Popular Tract 
 on Church Music, with Bcmarhs on its Moral and Political 
 Importance. The musical part of Divine Service in 
 most parish churches is well known to have been most 
 wretched ; and as in art and architecture by the 
 Arundel Society and Ecclesiological Society, so in the 
 sister art of music the Church Movement brought 
 great changes. Pamphlets and sermons were issued 
 on the subject ; the choir of the Motett Society, con- 
 nected with the Ecclesiological Society, chiefly pro- 
 moted by Mr. Dyce, held its concerts at the Archi- 
 tectural Eooms in Conduit Street ; and here, for some 
 years, the very best music was to be heard ; motetts, 
 madrigals, masses, services from the ancient Mechlin, 
 and other office books, from Palestrina, Cherubini; 
 carols and chorales, the " VexiUa Eegis," the " Passion 
 Music" of Bach, the works of Eavenscroft, and volumes 
 of anthems and services from these best sources were 
 published. The " Concordia " concerts were given at 
 this time, and the interest in all this musical revival 
 led to more care in the performance of the musical 
 parts of Divine Service ; and church after church felt 
 the influence, helped by the works of Mr. Helmore, Mr. 
 Eedhead, Dr. Gauntlett and others. 
 
 Bishop Hamilton, when first he went to Salisbury as 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 307 
 
 canou, and afterwards as precentor, set a good example, 
 selecting chants and anthems, making the music, as 
 far as might be, illustrate the Church's seasons and 
 teaching ; he was well seconded in his eiforts to elevate 
 the lives of the lay vicars and choristers to a higher esti- 
 mate of their work by Dean Lear, the Rev. "W. B. Heath- 
 cote and others. So cathedral after cathedral carried on 
 the work of improvement in careful reverence ; and the 
 record now given of the work of our cathedrals on ^11 
 sides is much due to the stirring times of the Church 
 Eevival. But of all parts of church music revived, 
 that of the hymns of the Church was by far the most 
 important. He was a wise man who said, " Let me make 
 the ballads, and who will may make the laws ". The 
 enormous influence of hymn singing in every religious 
 body speaks for itself. Though at first Tate and Brady 
 were sung in Old Margaret Chapel, leaflets with special 
 hymns for festivals, etc., were used very soon, and in 
 a few years, some dozens of pioneers to Hymns Ancient 
 and Modern led the way. Small hymnals, compiled 
 by various clergy for the use of their congregations, 
 were published by Dr. Irons, Dr. Oldknow and others. 
 One of the principal works used more or less in every 
 collection was the translations by Dr. Neale of the old 
 hymns of the Church in the Hymnal Noted, set to 
 the old notation by Mr. Helmore, published by Novello. 
 One of the earliest of these hymnals was compiled by 
 Mr. Keble and Earl Nelson, at the request of Bishop 
 
3o8 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE 
 
 Hamilton of Salisbury, called the Salisbury Hymnal. 
 The old evangelical hymns of "Wesley, Toplady and 
 others were used, care being taken to give them an 
 orthodox tone, by adding the "Gloria" at the end of each 
 hymn. Mr. Eoundell Palmer's (Lord Selborne) book 
 was a great help to the exact form of most of these 
 hymns. Almost all these hymnals were, in the course 
 of a few years, merged in Hymns Ancient and Modern, 
 compiled by the Eev. Sir Henry Baker and others, 
 under the musical editorship of the late Mr. W. H. 
 Monk, assisted by Dr. Stainer, Dr. Dykes and others. 
 No hymnal has yet been so widely adopted, or been 
 felt to encourage so well the love of hymn singing most 
 natural to every phase of religion. Some hundreds of 
 tunes written expressly for this work have made 
 the hymns familiar far and wide. There is very much 
 in a tune, too (the compilers of hymns A and M took 
 care to retain all the grand old tunes, such as St. Anne and 
 St. James); and it is said that when Dr. Dykes, who wrote 
 the music to "Lead, kindly Light," was introduced 
 to the author at the Oratory, Birmingham, Dr. New- 
 man said, "Your tune has been quite the making of 
 my hymn ". 
 
 This revival of music in Divine service was not con- 
 fined to the Church. Many Dissenting congregations 
 improved their music on the same lines. Dr. Gauntlett 
 taught the Islington and other Dissenters to chant the 
 " Te Deum," the Bible Psalms, and Canticles. 
 
OXFORD MOVEMENT. 309 
 
 I would wish in conclusion to point out the thoroughly 
 English character of the literature : the Movement was 
 essentially in and of the Church of England, and in all 
 this vast amount of learning and writing there is little 
 from foreign sources and still less that accords with the 
 modern decrees, recent articles, and definitions of faith 
 of the Eoman Church as we see her now. 
 
 To prove the English character of the Movement we 
 need but glance at the reprints made by the principal 
 Tractarians: they were from Laud, Andrewes, Sutton, 
 Hammond, Sherlock, Ken, Nelson, "Wilson, Kettlewell, 
 Taylor, Sparkes, Cosin, Lake, Beveridge, Bull, Butler, 
 etc., etc., most of them truly Catholic, referring, as our 
 Book of Common Prayer does, to ancient times and 
 precedents.