CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY GIFT OF Coolidge Otis Chapman (Cornell, PhD 1927) The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924059937726 gjga^ <§gt«^l?^€j A COLLECTION ANCIENT ROMANCE-POEMS, SCOTISH AND ENGLISH AUTHORS, RELATING TO THAT CELEBRATED WITH AN INTRODUCTION, NOTES, AND A GLOSSARY. By sir FREDERIC MADDEN, K.H., F.R.S., F.S.A., M.R.I.A., Corr. F.S.A.E., &c. KEEPER OF THE MSS. IN THE BRITISH MUSEUM. LONDON: PRINTED BY RICHARD AND JOHN E. TAYLOR. M.DCCC.XXXIX. At a Meeting of the Committee of the Bannatyne 'W Club, held at Edinburgh in the Hall of the Antiquarian Society, on Monday the 29th of August, 1836 : Resolved, That a Volume intitled ^^t (3SL\XiK]^nt, A Collection of Ancient Romance-Poems by Scotish and English Authors, relating to that Celebrated Knight of the Round Table, be printed at London, for the use of the Members, under the superintendence of Sir Frederic Madden, K.H. DAVID LAING, Secretary. THE BANNATYNE CLUB. AUGUST, M.DCCC.XXXIX. THOMAS THOMSON, ESQ. PRESIDENT. THE EARL OF ABERDEEN. A: THE EARL OF ASHBURNHAM. THE DUKE OF BEDFORD. LORD BELHAVEN AND HAMILTON. ROBERT BELL, ESQ. WILLIAM BELL, ESQ. WILLIAM BLAIR, ESQ. THE REV. PHILIP BLISS, D.C.L. 10 JOHN BORTHWICK, ESQ. ^ BERIAH BOTFIELD, ESQ. THE MARQUIS OF BREADALBANE. GEORGE BRODIE, ESQ. CHARLES DASHWOOD BRUCE, ESQ. O. TYNDALL BRUCE, ESQ. '• THE DUKE OF BUCCLEUGH AND QUEENSBERRY. JAMES CAMPBELL, ESQ. .: ' ' WILLIAM CLERK, ESQ. HON. HENRY COCKBURN, LORD COCKBURN, VICE- PRESIDENT. , / THE BANNATYNE CLUB. 20 DAVID CONSTABLE, ESQ. ANDREW COVENTRY, ESQ. JAMES T. GIBSON-CRAIG, ESQ., TREASURER. WILLIAM GIBSON-CRAIG, ESQ. GEORGE CRANSTOUN, ESQ. JAMES DENNISTOUN, ESQ. GEORGE DUNDAS, ESQ. RIGHT HON. W. DUNDAS, LORD CLERK REGISTER. LORD DUNFERMLINE. LORD FRANCIS EGERTON. « 30 SIR CHARLES DALRYMPLE FERGUSON, BART. ROBERT FERGUSON, ESQ. GENERAL SIR RONALD C. FERGUSON. COUNT MERCER DE FLAHAULT. HON. JOHN FULLERTON, LORD FULLERTON. WILLIAM GOTT, ESQ. ROBERT GRAHAM, ESQ. LORD GRAY. RIGHT HON. THOMAS GRENVILLE. THE EARL OF HADDINGTON. 40 THE DUKE OF HAMILTON AND BRANDON. ED. W. A. DRUMMOND HAY, ESQ. SIR THOMAS BUCHAN HEPBURN, BART. JAMES MAITLAND HOG, ESQ. LORD HOLLAND. JOHN HOPE, ESQ., DEAN OF FACULTY. COSMO INNES, ESQ. DAVID IRVING, LL.D. THE BANNATYNE CLUB. JAMES IVORY, ESQ., SOLICITOR- GENERAL. SIR HENRY JARDINE, KT. 50 HON. FRANCIS JEFFREY, LORD JEFFREY. JOHN GARDINER KINNEAR, ESQ. THE EARL OF KINNOULL. DAVID LAING, ESQ., SECRETARY. THE EARL OF LAUDERDALE. REV. JOHN LEE, D.D. ALEXANDER WELLESLEY LEITH, ESQ. LORD LINDSAY. , JAMES LOCH, ESQ. LORD LOVAT. 60 THE MARQUIS OF LOTHIAN. ALEXANDER MACDONALD. ESQ. WILLIAM M'DOWALL, ESQ. HON. J. H. MA^|p;NZIE, LORD MACKENZIE. JAMES MACKENZIE, ESQ. JOHN WHITEFOORD MACKENZIE, ESQ. WILLIAM FORBES MACKENZIE, ESQ. JAMES MAIDMENT, ESQ. THOMAS MAITLAND, ESQ. VISCOUNT MELVILLE. 70 WILLIAM HENRY MILLER, ESQ. THE EARL OF MINTO. HON. SIR J. W, MONCRIEFF, LORD MONCRIEFF. HON. SIR JOHN A. MURRAY, LORD MURRAY. WILLIAM MURRAY, ESQ. MACVEY NAPIER, ESQ. THE BANNATYNE CLUB. SIR FRANCIS PALGRAVE. LORD PANMURE> HENRY PETRIE, ESQ, SIR THOMAS PHILLIPPS, BART, 80 EDWARD PIPER, ESQ. ROBERT PITCAIRN, ESQ. ALEXANDER PRINGLE, ESQ. JOHN RICHARDSON, ESQ. THE EARL OF ROSEBERY. RIGHT HON. A. RUTHERFURD. LORD ADVOCATE. THE EARL OF SELKIRK. JAMES SKENE, ESQ. WILLIAM SMYTHE, ESQ. THE EARL SPENCER. 90 JOHN SPOTTISWOODE, ESQ. EDWARD STANLEY, ESQ. MAJOR-GENERAL SIR JOSEPH STRATON. THE HON. CHARLES FRANCIS STUART. THE DUKE OF SUTHERLAND. ALEXANDER THOMSON, ESQ. WALTER C. TREVELYAN, ESQ. DAWSON TURNER, ESQ. ADAM URQUHART, ESQ. RIGHT HON. SIR GEORGE WARRENDER, BART. 100 THE VEN. ARCHDEACON WRANGHAM. INTRODUCTION. IN collecting for the first time the various Scotish and English poems relating to one of the most celebrated Knights of the Round Table, it might seem desirable to examine critically the sources whence the history of his exploits has been derived. But the subject is of such vast extent, is involved in so much obscu- rity, and, moreover, has been discussed with such conflicting theories and assertions, that the limits I here propose to myself will only allow me to state in succinct terms the conclusions which, after a long course of reading, I have arrived at. The inquiry divides itself into two branches, closely connected together ; the first of which embraces the question of the antiquity of Welsh or Armorican traditions, and the share of Geoffrey of Monmouth in the compilation of the far-famed Brut ; the second includes the history of the ponderous French prose Romances of the Round Table, their authors, and the period of their composi- tion. With regard to the former, it is impossible, I think, for any one, who is not prejudiced, to read the arguments of Ellis, Price, De la Rue, and the Author of " Britannia after the Romans," with the testimonies produced, and not to admit, that previous to the time of Geoffiey a mass of popular traditions relating to Arthur and his chivalry must have existed, and was circulated first by the na- tive bards, and afterwards by the Anglo-Norman minstrels. b X INTRODUCTION. On these traditions the earliest Prose Romances appear to have been subsequently based, the materials for which were arranged, embellished, and enlarged by the imagination and invention of the various compilers. It is true that these writers are unanimous in referring to a Latin original, from which they profess to translate ; and although the existence of such a work is called in question by Ritson, Scott, and Southey, yet I am not prepared altogether to deny it*. But setting this aside, it appears to me, after a some- what laborious perusal of the printed editions of these works, compared with existing manuscripts, that they must have been compiled in the following order. — 1. The Roman du Saint Graal, sometimes intitled the Roman de Joseph d'Arimathie, composed by Robert de Borron. In the printed editions this is called the ^rs^ part of the Saint Graal. 2. The Roman de Merlin, by the same. 3. The Roman de Lancelot du Lac, composed by Walter Mapf. 4. The Roman du Qu^te du Saint Graal, by the same. In the editions this forms the second part. 5. The Roman de la Mort Artus, by the same, and originally distinct, but in the printed editions united to the Lancelot. 6. The first portion of the Ro- man de Tristan, by Luces, Seigneur de Qast. 7. The conclusion of Tristan, by Helie de Borron; and 8. The Roman de Gyron le Courtois, by the same. Of these the first six were written in the * Southey writes, " I do not believe that any of these Romances ever existed in Latin. — By whom or for whom could they have been written in that language J " Pre/, to Morte d' Arthur, p. xvi. I merely stop to reply, that it is not more unreasonable to suppose a Latin work should have existed on the exploits of Arthur than on those of Charlemagne. I may also add, for the information of those whom it may concern, that I have myself read no less than^ve Latin romances still existing in manuscript, some of which are of considerable length. Three of these relate to Arthur, Meriadoc, Gawapne, and other British heroes ; the fourth is the original of Chaucer's Tale of Constance; and the fifth is the Knight of the Swan. t This is the mode in which his name is spelt in the ancient MSS. of the Romances, and it thus appears in an original charter preserved in the Cotton collection, by which he grants to Aunfelisa and her son John twelve acres of land in Wilesdune, part of his prebend of Mapesbury, co. Middlesex. Among the witnesses to this charter is "FilippoMap,nepote meo." INTRODUCTION. xi latter half of the twelfth century, and the remainder in the first half of the thirteenth. To these must he added the metrical ro- mances composedbyChrestiendeTroyes, between the years 1170 and 1195, as also the later prose compilations of Rusticien de Pise and his followers, in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. Having thus, I trust, successfully pointed out a clue to the labyrinth in which all our writers on early poetry have lost them- selves, I shall proceed to consider the history, character, and ex- ploits assigned to our Hero ^pt (SatDE^n^ in this phalanx of romance authorities ; the utility of which in illustrating the Ar- thurian cycle of fiction wiU be admitted, perhaps, as a sufficient excuse for the space it may occupy. Our attention is naturally directed in the first place to the re- mains of the Welsh bards, but from those at present extant we learn but little. In the Triads we find Chvalchmai, the son of Gwyar, (who is identified with the Walwainus or Galwanus of Geoffrey and the Gauvain of the Anglo-Norman romancers,) re- corded as one of the three golden-tongued or eloquent chiefs, whose persuasion none could resist ; and in another passage, he is named as one of the three chiefs most courteous to strangers and guests*. There is extant also a dialogue between Gwalchmai and Trystanf , and some of his adventures are preserved in the Red Book of Hergest, in Jesus College, Oxford, but I should ap- prehend that all of these have been borrowed from the Anglo-Nor- man romance^ writers J. Certain it is, that the stories in the Ma- * Thus also in the Eoman de Meliadws, when Arthur and his knights are out riding, a stranger comes up, and inquires for the king. — " Et messire Gauvain, qui estoit nouvel chevaUer h celhiy temps, qui estoit si debonaire et si courtois h toutes chases, que de sa courtoisie alloient parlant les estranges et les privez, respondit, ' Ouy, sire, veez le la;' et luy monstra le roy Artus." f. xvb, fol. ed. 1528. t Printed at length in Lady C. Guest's edition of the Mabinogion, pt. i. p. 118, 8vo, 1839. X Leland says in his Assertio Arthuri, " Melchinus, vates Britannicus, Gallovini celebrat nomen." Collectan,, v. 24 ; and Bale adds, that this Melchin wrote De Arthuri menaa rotunda. b2 XU INTRODUCTION. binogion referred to by Owen and others as proofs of the antiquity of the British traditions respecting Gawayne, are only translations of the Chevalier au lAon and the Perceval le Gallois. Turning there- fore to Geoffrey of Monmouth, whose history was finished about the year 1138*, and, consequently, at least twenty years earlier than the presumed date of any Anglo-Norman romance on the Round Table, we collect the following particulars. Walwainus was the eldest son of Loth, sovereign of the province of Lothian and the adjacent territories, including the Orkneys, by Annaf, half-sister of Arthur. At the age of twelve years he was sent by his uncle to Rome, and deUvered to the charge of Pope Sulpicius, from whom he received knighthood|. The next mention of him occurs as one of the chiefs who accompanied Arthur to France, to encounter the Romans. He is sent§ with two others to treat with the emperor Lucius Tiberius, and pur- posely, to provoke a war, he cuts off" the head of the emperor's nephew. In the decisive battle which shortly afterwards took place near Langres, he held with Hoel the joint command of the fourth division of Arthur's forces, and his prowess contributed See what is said of his work on Glastonbury by the former, De Scriptt. Britannicis, vol. i. p. 41 ; and compare Collectanea, iv. 153, with the work of John of Glastonbury, published by Hearne, 8vo, 1726, vol. i. pp. 30, 55. * See Dr. Lloyd's letter to Price, in Owen's British Remains, 8vo, 1777. The author of " Britannia after the Romans," never could have read this, although he refers to it, and he is much mistaken, p. 21, in asserting that Sigebert of Gemblou, who died in 1112, was ac- quainted with Geoffrey's History, and thus confounding Sigebert with his interpolator. For Sigebert's genuine text see the edition of Mirseus, 4to, Antv. 1608. t Ellis says, that according to the chronicles of Brittany, Anna was married to Budic, king of Armorica, and her sister united to Loth. Metr. Rom. i. 59, ed. 1811. In the English metrical Arthour and Merlin Gawayue's mother is named BeUsent, p. 97, 4to, 1838, and in Malory's Morte d' Arthur, she is called Margawse, i. 4. 4to, 1817. X This passage is singularly misunderstood by Fordvm, lib. 3, c. 25. § Wace, Lajamon, and Robert of Brunne add, that the cause of his being selected was that from his education at Rome he understood both the Latin and the British tongues. INTRODUCTION. xiii mainly to the victory. He fights with the emperor single-handed, but they are separated by the surrounding combatants, and in the melee the latter is slain. After this succeeds the history of Mordred's treason, the return of Arthur, and the destruction of his Round Table. The translators and imitators of Geoflfrey have altered and amplified the above outline, but the general features remain the same. Wace has mistaken one passage in Geoflfrey, and says that Gawayne arrived from Rome to assist Arthur in his expedi- tion to Norway* ; and this interpretation is followed by Lajamon and Robert of Brunne. The passage in the latter is hitherto in- edited, and may therefore be quoted here. Loth sone, Syr Wawan, Had bene at Rome to lere Romayn, W Supplice the pape to wonne, Honour to lere, langage to konne. Ther was he dubbid knyght, And holden hardy, strong and wight. Syr Supplice had don his ende, To Bretayn home Wawan gan wende. Noble he was and curteis, Honour of him men rede and seis ; He lufed mesure and fair beryng, Pride ne boste lufed he no thing ; Fals and fikele lesyng he hated, Auauntour alle suilk he bated ; More he gaf than he hette, More he did than terme of-sette. MS. Inner Temple, No. 511, l.f. 63, c. 2. Throughout the Brut, Gawayne is uniformly eulogised in simi- lar terms, and placed first on the list of the Round Table, — a su- • Roman du Brut, ii. 79, 8vo, Rouen, 1839. Ellis also commits the same error, and in- creases it by saying, that Gawayne was invested with arms by Arthur. Metr. Rom, i. 65. XIV INTRODUCTION. periority indeed which in that work there were no Lancelots or Tristans to dispute. His adventures are, however, confined to the circle already described, and contain so small a share of the mar- vellous, that they might easily have been accepted as grave matter of history. It is to the authors, therefore, of the prose legends of the Round Table we must look for the invention or preservation of those nu- tnerous romantic narratives which record the exploits of Gawayne and his fellows on a more ample canvass, and clothe them with a character purely imaginative. In the earliest of these, the Roman du Saint Graal, sometimes called the Roman de Joseph d' Arimathie, the knights of the Round Table are not commemorated, since it relates more particularly to the history of the Holy Vessel, and to the fabulous descendants of Joseph, in whose hands the miraculous relique remained, until its arrival in Britain. The second on the list is Merlin, which perhaps is the most cu- rious of the series, and best intitled to be considered a compila- tion founded on Armorican or Welsh traditions. In this we re- cognise the Gawayne of Geoffrey, but with such additions to his history, and such a marvellous character given to his exploits, as to render him the chief personage in the romance. The writer exhausts aU his powers of language in praise of the valor, courtesy, and knightly bearing of the prince of Orkney: — " Car le compte dit, que ce fut le plus saige chevalier en toutes choses qui fust au siecle, et le mieulx aprins, et le plus courtois, et le mains mesdisant d' aultruy*." At the period of his bkth Merlin pronounces his eulogium to Arthur, as destined to be one of the best and most loyal knights in the world. At an early age he comes with his three brothers to assist the British monarch in his war against the * Vol. ii. f. 51^ ed. 1498, 4to. INTRODUCTION. XV Saxons, who were then ravaging the kingdom, and after a series of sanguinary battles succeeds in expelling them. On account of his prowess he is made a knight of the Round Table, and ap- pointed by Arthur constable* of his household, and the next of rank to himself. After this he is employed in an expedition against king Claudas of Gaul and his Roman allies, whom he defeats with immense slaughter. At a later period of the history he is em- ployed against the Roman emperor, and the narrative here is nearly similar to that of Geoffrey. In one MS. I have consulted, it is stated that Gawayne slew the emperor with his own handf, and it is singular, that Peter de Langtoft should preserve this tra- dition, as expressed by his translator, Robert of Brunne, I kan not say who did him falle, Bot Syr Wawayn said thei alle. — f. 80''J. The most surprising adventure of our hero in this romance is related at the close, in which he goes in search of his friend Merlin to the forest of Broceliande, which is cited at length by Southey, in his Notes to the Preface of Morte d' Arthur, p. xlvi. It is in this work we also find the first mention of the supernatural strength of Gawayne, which augmented and diminished at differ- ent hours of the day. In the English metrical translation it is thus described : For of his strengthe the maner Sumdel ye may lern and here. ' Bituen auen-song and night He no hadde bot o mannes might, * MS. Add. 10, 292, f. ISl*". The printed edd. for co»«e«te6Ke read moictie. + Ibid. f. 209. The printed ed. vol. ii. f. 154, follows the account of Geoffrey, but in a previous passage, vol. ii. f. 24, names the emperor Julius Casar, and says he was slain by Gawayne. This, however, is not in the MS., and seems to be an interpolation. J See the original French text, MS. Cott. Jul. D. V. f. 39. XVI INTRODUCTION. And that strengthe him last Fort arnemorwe, bi the last ; And fram amemorowe to the midday He had strengthe of knightes tuay ; Fram midday fort after-none He nadde strengthe bot of one ; Fram afternone to euensong So to knightes he was strong*. In the Lancelot du Lac, the next of the series, we are intro- duced to another race of heroes and a different set of adventures, connected only with the Merlin by the history of the war under- taken against King Claudas, and an incidental notice of the Saxons, as enemies of Arthur. Of course Lancelot is here the principal personage, and his intrigue with Queen Guenever the main-spring of the story, yet we find Sir Gawayne only inferior to Lancelot himself, and on some occasions the writer seems to have balanced between the two. Throughout the greater part of the romance they are represented as being the most intimate friends, and it is only after the blind fury of Lancelot has sacri- ficed three of Gawayne's brothers, that the latter entertains senti- ments of hostility against their destroyer. He vows vengeance, and the result is the war undertaken by Arthur against the * Romance of Arthour and Merlin, 4to, 1838, p. 178, printed for the Maitland Club. I am sorry to perceive the text of this edition abound with so msmy errors. It is in general closely translated from the French romance, and concludes imperfectly at fol. cc. of vol. i. of the edition of 1498. In the original the above peissage appears thus, " Quant il se levoit au matin, il avoit la force al miliar chevalier del monde ; et quant vint h eure de prime, si U dou- bloit, et h eure de tierce ausi ; et quant ce vint a eure de midi, si revenoit h sa premiire force, ou il avoit este au matin ; et quant vint h eure de nonne, et a toutes les cures de la nuit, estoit il toudis en sa premiere force." MS. Add. 10,292, f. US'". Compare this passage in the printed edition, vol. i. f. cxiv. and corresponding passages in the Roman de Lancelot, vol. i. f. xciii""., vol. ii. f. bcix., vol. iii. f. clxxxvii., ed. 1613., (where there is. a fable introduced to account for the miraculous gift) ; Roman de Perceval, S. liii*"., Ix*. ed. 1530 ; Malory's Morte d' Arthur, vol. i. p. 114, and the English metrical version, MS. Harl., 2262, f. 120''. INTRODUCTION. xvu knight of the Joyeuse Garde*, which ends in the discomfiture of Gawayne, and ultimately in his death. The quest of the Saint Graal by Arthur's knights forms a novel incident in the narra- tive, and connects the story with Robert du Borron's first work. Among those whose exploits are recorded in this quest, Sir Ga- wayne's name is one of the most prominent, and although, like Lancelot, he is not destined to achieve the adventure, yet he succeeds in reaching the magic castle of the guardian of the Holy Vessel, and witnesses the marvels which ensue on his rest- ing upon the lit adventureuxf. His deeds of valor against King Gallehault's forces and elsewhere are so extraordinary, that Ar- thur orders them first to be recorded by his four veracious chro- niclers, among whom Arrodian of Cologne is mentioned}. The estimation also in which he was held at the court is shewn by his being elected unanimously king in the place of Arthur, on the disappearance and supposed death of that monarch. Of the episodes relating to him, those of his adventure with his amie, the daughter of the king of North Wales, and the history of his captivity in the prison of the giant Karados, are perhaps the most interesting. In the former we are told that the lady's chamber was guarded by twenty armed knights. These however at night fall asleep very opportunely, and Gawayne is enabled without resistance to reach his mistress's apartment. He takes * On the subject of this castle (placed by English poetical antiquaries at Berwick) see a curious paper in the Mhnoires de la SodiU des Antiquaires de Prance, vol. x. p. 237, 8vo, 1834, intitled, " Mimoire sur le Chateau de la Joyeuae Garde, sur la rivih-e d'Elom, prh I^andemeau, Department du Fmisth-e. Par le Chevalier de Freminville." t In the Roman de Perceval, f. xxxixi*, the incident of the enchanted bed is repeated, but under different circumstances. It forms the subject of an ivory carving engraved in the Mem. de I' Acad, des Inscriptions, vol. xviii. p. 322, 4to, 1753, and in Ferrario, Analisi degli Romanzi di Cavalleria, vol. ii. p. 101, which is unintelligible to the writers. t Vol. i. f. cxliii''. One might forgive the writer in the Bihliothique des Romans for be- lieving in the historical reality of these personages (See Dunlop's Hist, of Fiction, i. 295) ; but it is matter of sincere regret to find so gross a blunder sanctioned by the name of Daunou, in the Hist. Litt. de la France, tome xvi. p. 177. C XVIU INTRODUCTION. off his helmet and ventaille, and approaching the bed where the beauty lay asleep, begins to kiss her. She awakes, and exclaims, " Saincte Marie! qui est cef" He replies, " Taisez vous, belle doulce amye, c'est la chose au monde que vous aimez mieulx." The lovers speedily contrive to make themselves happy, but the old king and queen are on the watch, and by means of a window that faces the chamber, perceive Gawayne lying in their daugh- ter's arms. They determine to kiU him, and call two chamber- lains, who arm themselves with a sword and mace, and come to the bed. The first makes a stab at the knight under the coun- terpane, but the cold steel only grazing his arm, he is aroused to a sense of his danger. The other intending to demolish him at once, strikes a blow with the mace so violently, that although it misses its object, it penetrates half a foot into the wall, and shivers in pieces ! Gawayne now loses no time, but jumping out of bed, rewards the two assailants by knocking out their brains, and then throwing their bodies out of the room, quietly locks the door, which he seems to have before forgotten to do. He then puts on his armour, and, encouraged by his mie, awaits the at- tack of the twenty guards, who come to the door and kick at it, whilst the old queen stands aloof, and cries out to them, " As- sailleZjfilz de putains, que f aides vous, que ne occiez le traystre qui leans est ! " Gawayne, however, escapes, leaving behind him many dead bodies as testimonies of his prowess ! In the course of this romance the author presents us with a portrait of Gawayne, which I quote from an early MS. in the Royal Library, 19 B. vii. f. 246, as being fuller than the edition. " Messire O. avoit la chere simple 8f dehonaire, et la regardure pitouse. E il fust voirs, que messire G. estoit li plus beus de tons ses freres en graundure de cors. — II est voirs, que mesire G. fuist li emplius* de tous ses jreres, ^ fuist beu chevalier de son grant, 8f bien taille's de totes * The corresponding passage in MS. Add. 10, 293, f. 250, col. i. reads li mieldrea. INTRODUCTION. xix membres ; ne sefu trap grant ne trop petis, mes de bele stature ; si fu liplus chevaleros de son age que nus de se[s] freres ; 8f nepurquant li estoire dit, que Gaheries se[s] frere souffrit bien pres ausi grant fes des armes come il fist, mes il ne s'en mist oncques si grant cure com messire G. fist tous jours, 8f puree ne fuist pas si renomez. Et noepurquant la chose qu'il plus mist monseignor G. en remenbraunce, sifu qu'il ama povre gent, 8j lorfu dolz &; pitous*." We next come to the Qu^te du Saint Graal, often confounded with the History of the Graal. It is intended as a continuation of the Lancelot, and was certainly composed subsequently to that romance, as the internal evidence demonstrates. The persons here celebrated are Perceval, Gawayne, Lancelot, and his son Galaad, by the last of whom the adventure is finally brought to an end. The exploits of Gawayne in pursuing the grand object of their search are marked, as in the two preceding romances, by a singular love of peril, determined valor, generosity, and cour- tesy. He is on all occasions the most amiable personage of the Round Table. His adherence to the laws of knighthood is tried severely more than once, and particularly at a tournament against Nabigan de la Roche, where in consequence of a vow taken to grant the first request made of him, he is enjoined to act the part of a coward, and sustains unmoved the jeers of the assem- bly. The following day, however, makes amends for this act of self-abasement, for he then nobly sustains his own character, and carries ofi^ the prize of the golden circletf. The most chi- * In a MS. compilation of thelSth century, I have read a similar description, with the addition : " II n'eust les chevaulx blancs ne rous, mais entredeux ; le visaige enst aucques brun ; les yeux eust vers et moult actrayens ; barbe eust a plants ; les espaules belles et larges, et les bras et Us poings gros et carrez, etfors h desmesure. Courtois et gradeux estoit plus que che- valier du monde." I have mislaid the reference, but believe it to have been a MS. in Broadley's sale, 1832, intitled, " Les norm, armes et blasons des Chevaliers de la Table Ronde, ou sont escripz les gramfaiz de tous les Chevaliers." t Vol. ii. f. 183, ed. 1516. c2 XX INTRODUCTION. valrous of his undertakings is the acquisition of the famous sword with which St. John was beheaded, in the course of which he slays a monstrous giant on the top of a hill ; much after the fashion in which Arthur killed the giant Dinabuc on the Mont St. Michel. We have also a narrative, as in the Lancelot, but differing much in the circumstances, of Gawayne's arrival in the palace of King Pescheur, and the marvels of the Graal. Map's series of romances is closed by the Mort Artus, which is generally confounded with the Lancelot. The queen's amour with the latter here leads to the disunion and destruction of the Round Table. The war undertaken by Arthur against the vio- lator of his honor, proves his ruin. A furious battle takes place, in which Gawayne singly kiUs thirty knights, but his valor avails not, for in a second encounter Arthur's forces are worsted. The Pope interferes, and Lancelot gives up the queen, and retires to his paternal dominions. Arthur follows him, at the instigation of Gawayne, and a combat takes place between Gawayne and Lancelot. The victory is long doubtful, but at length is given to the more youthful opponent, and Gawayne is left on the field, severely wounded in the head. After this follows the conflict between the forces of Arthur and the Roman emperor, and the return of Arthur to Britain on account of Mordred's treason, all of which is founded on the narrative of Geoflfrey, but told with the usual license of the romance-writers. The part which relates to Gawayne's death has some pathos and interest, and will bear an abridgment. Arthur and his fleet arrive at Dover, where he is joyfully re- ceived at the castle. At vesper-time he is sent for by his nephew, and on coming to him, finds Gawayne so weak, as scarcely to be able to speak. On hearing the king's sorrow he opened his eyes, and said, " Sire, I am dying, and I pray you in God's name to refrain from a battle with Mordred, for I tell you truly he is INTRODUCTION. xxi the man who "will cause your death." He then desires to be remembered to Lancelot, whose pardon he asks, and requests him to visit his tomb. — " And I pray you. Sire, that you cause me to be interred at Kamalot, with my brothers ; and I wish to be laid in the tomb wherein my brother Gaheriet hes, for him I loved most, and this inscription to be placed above, Cy gisent LES DEUX FRERES GaHERIET ET GaUVAIN, QUE LANCELOT OCCIST PAR l'oultraige de Gauvain." Arthur asks if he beUeves Lancelot to have been the cause of his death, which he answers in the affirmative, on account of the wound he had received in his head, which was renewed in the battle with the Romans. " Et a tant se teust messire G. que plus ne parla, fors au derrenier qu'il dist, Jesu Crist, pere debonnaire, ne me juge pas selon mes mes- faitz!" Arthur swoons several times with grief, and exclaims, ' ' Ha ! Ha ! mort villaine, comment as tu este si hardy e d'assaillir ung tel homme comme estoit mon nepveu, qui de bonte' passoit tout le monde ! " On the mournful news arriving at the castle, the lament- ation is so excessive, that you could not have heard God thunder*. They enveloped the corpse in silk, and surrounded it with so many lighted tapers, that the castle seemed on fire. In the morning Ar- thur caused a bierre chevaleresse to be brought, and Gawayne's body placed therein, which he gave in charge to one hundred men to convey to Kamalot. Every eye is moistened, and the people cry out, " O preudhomme courtois, et bon chevalier sur tous aultres, mauldicte soit la morte qui de toy nous a oste la compaignie ! " The corpse is carried to the castle of Belloc, the lady of which, on hearing whose it is, loudly deplores his fate, and avows she had never loved any one but Gawayne. Her husband requites this declaration with a stroke of his sword, which cuts off her * This phrase is found in Benoit de St. More and other French writers of the twelfth century. It passed thence into the English romance of Alexander. See Weber, Metr. Rom. Introd., p. xxxiv. xxii INTRODUCTION. shoulder, and penetrates deeply into the dead body of the knight. The lady expires, and requests to be buried by his side. Her death is revenged by the attendants, who then proceed with the body to Kamalot, and bury it in the tomb of Gaheriet, in the middle of the monastery. The remains of the lady of Belloc are also interred close by, with an inscription stating that she had been killed for her love of Gawayne*. The substance of this romance, but much abridged, is to be found in Malory's Morte d' Arthur, books 18, 20, and 21, and the latter text was versified in the reign of Henry the Seventh by an anonymous English author, who follows it in some instances verballyf. The account of Gawayne's death differs considerably in the va- rious versions of the story, nor is the place of his sepulture less a subject of disagreement. In GeoiFrey, Arthur lands at the Partus Rutupi, rendered Richborough by Thompson, and Sandwich by Ellis J and others, where a battle takes place, in which Gawayne and his companions are slain. Wace, Lajamon^, and Robert of Brunne copy this narrative, but fix the spot at Romney. The Cotton MS. of Wace, Vitell. A. x., reads Toteneis (Totnes), while the Welsh (Tysilio) translation of Geoffrey and the alliterative poem in the Lincoln MS. place the locaUty at Southampton. Malory and * Vol. iii. ff. m\ IDS'", ed. 1513. + This metrical version is preserved in MS. Harl. 2252, and was printed in 1819 for the Roxburghe Club. Ellis is in error in stating that it was translated immediately from the French text, Metr. Rom. i. 324, (copied by Dunlop, Hist, of Fiction, i. 244.) Had he taken the trouble of comparing them together, he would not have hazarded such an assertion. X Ellis probably followed the general stream of the chroniclers who borrow from the En- glish prose Brut, subsequently known under the title of Caxton's Chronicle and Fructut Temporum. In this and in its French prose MS. original, the place of landing is called Sandwich. See also a ballad printed in Percy, vol. iii. p. 40, ed. 1/94. § But m another passage Lajamon writes, that Gawayne was killed " suth in Comwale." vol. ii. p. 546. INTRODUCTION. xxiii his metrical translator follow the romance of Lancelot, in assigning the locality to Dover*, but they vary in the detail. The latter says of our hero : Syr Gawayne armyd hyme in that stounde, Alias I to longe hys hede was bare, He was seke, and sore vnsond, Hys woundis greuyd hym fuUe sare. One hytte hym vpon the olde wounde, TV*' a tronchon of an ore ; There is good Gawayne gone to grounde, That speche spake he neuyr more. MS. Harl. 2252, fol. 123". Malory follows the French text more closely, but inserts a letter, supposed to be written by the dying knight to Sir Lancelot, and concludes, — " And so at the houre of none Syr Gawayn yelded up the spyryte ; and thenne the kynge lete entiere hym in a chappel within Douer Castel ; and there yet alls men maye see the senile of hym, and the same wound is sene that Syr Launcelot gaf hym in bataill." vol. ii. p. 435. Caxton, in his Preface, alleges the last mentioned circumstance as a proof of the reality of the fact j and Leland quotes the authority of the Chronicon Dovarensis monasterii for the existence of Gawayne's bones in the same place, which were shewn to himself on his visit there f. Leland therefore rejects the statement of WiUiam of Malmesbury, who says, that in the reign of William the Conqueror, the sepulchre of Gawayne was discovered on the sea-shore of a province of Wales, named Ross, [in Pembrokeshire,] fourteen feet in length, " ubi, a quibusdam ut asseritur, ab hostibus vulneratus, et naufragio * Ellis must have read the passage carelessly, or he would not have transferred the place of sepulture to the Cathedral of Canterbury. See Metr. Rom. i. 392. + Collectanea, vol. iii. p. 50 ; also in his Codrua, ib. vol. v. p. 7 ; and in Assertio Arihuri, ib. vol. v. p. 25. XXIV INTRODUCTION. ejectus, d, quibusdam dicitur a civibus in publico epulo interfectus* ." Leland acknowledges, however, that the remains of a castle called by Gawayne's name were still extant in his time near the shore, and at the present day, on the southernmost point of Pembroke- shire, called >Si^. Gowen's head, stands a small chap6l formed out of the rock, named after the same personage, which the tradi- tionary voice of the neighbourhood assigns as the burial place of Arthur's nephew f. Wace was ignorant of these statements, for he expressly writes, Grans fu li dols de son ueveu, Le cars fist metre ne sai u, Ainc horn ne sot u il fu mis, Ne qui I'ocist, ce m'est avis. Vol. a. p. 225, ed. 1839 J. La^amon says nothing of the sepulture, but tells us that Gawayne previous to his death made great slaughter, and killed the son of Childric with his own hand, but at length was slain " thurh an eorle Sexisce, — steri iwurthe his saule ! " Peter Langtoft and his translator add to the confusion, by stating that the body of Gawayne was interred at Wybre or Wibire, " enla Walescherye," — " that is, in Wales§," — by which I presume is intended Webbery, * Scriptores post Bedam, lib. ii. p. 64, edit. 1596. Malmesbury adds, that Gawayne reigned in that part of Britain called Wahmithia (Galloway), but was expelled from his kingdom by the brother and nephew of Hengist, We here may, perhaps, trace the historical incident which gave rise to the account in the romance of Merlin and elsewhere of Gawayne's battles vdth the Saxons. The above passage in Malmesbury is copied by many succeeding chroniclers, down to the time of Stowe and Baker. t See a description in Teuton's Pembrokeshire, p. 414, 4to, 1811 : but he knows nothing of the legend, and talks of some Irish hermit being buried there. X From MS. de la Bibl. du Roi, No. 7515'-2. The Royal MS. 13, A. xxi. Brit. Mus. and Cott. Vit. A. X. read the same, except that the latter has en sarcu, instead of ne sai u. § MS. Cott. Jul. A. V. f. 40., MS. Reg. 20, D. ii. f. 31 ; Robert of Brunne's MS, Chron. f.Sl^c. 2. INTRODUCTION. xxv not far from Bideford, in Devonshire. Lastly, in the prose French and English Brut, whether manuscript or printed, and in the romance of Arthur in the Red Booh of Bath, Arthur is said to cause the bodies of Gawayne and Augusel to be taken to Scot- land, their native country. The alliterative Scotish romance of Morte Arthure, in the li- brary of Lincoln Cathedral, marked A. 1. 17, is very much ampli- fied in its account of the destruction of the Round Table, and does not agree with any other authority I have consulted*. The British forces enter the harbour of Southampton, and Gawayne jumps into the water, " in alle his gylte wedys," attacks the Da- nish auxiliaries, and kills their leader, the king of Gothland. He then with a small band of followers advances against Mordred, and fights with his usual impetuosity. In to ]fi hale bataile hedlynges he rynnys, And hurtes of f hardieste fat one the erthe lenges, Letande alles a lyone, he lawnches theme thorowe, Lordes and ledars that one the launde houes. — And for wondsome and wille alle his wit failede, That wode alles a wylde beste he wente at f* gayneste, Alle walewede one blode, thare he a-waye passede. — fol. 93. At length he encounters the traitor chief, and wounds him severelv. but in the act of finishing the contest with a " shorte knyfe," the weapon slips on the mail, and his adversary instantly takes advantage of the accident, and strikes him through the helm to the brain. And thus Syr Gawayne es gone, the gude man of armes, Withe owttyne reschewe of renke, and rewghe es f^ morel Thus Syr Gawayne es gone, that gyede many othire; Fro Gowere to Gernesay, alle f' gret lordys, * It is a singular circumstance that it often coincides verbally with Malory's prose ver- sion, and the episode of Gawayne and Priamus is found in both, and no where else. d XXVI INTRODUCTION. Of Glamour, of Galys londe, fis galyarde knyghtes, For glent of gloppyngnyng glade be they neuer I — fol. 93*. King "Froderike of Fres" comes up, and inquires of Mordred who the knight was that had felled so many of his men, and now lay deprived of Ufe ? The reply is worthy of transcription, as a summary of the knightly qualities for which our Hero was di- stinguished. Than Syr Modrede w' mouthe melis fulle faire : — " He was makles one molde, mane, be my trowhe 1 This was Syr Gawayne the gude, the gladdeste of othire, And the graeiouseste gome that vndire God lyffede ; Mane hardyeste of hande, happyeste in armes, And the hendeste in hawle vndire heuene-riche ; The lordelieste of ledynge, qwhylles he lyflFe myghte, Fore he was lyone allossede in londes inewe. Had thou knawene hym, syr kynge, in kythe thare he lengede, His konynge, his knyghthode, his kyndly werkes, His doyng, his doughtynesse, his dedis of armes, Thow wolde hafe dole for his dede the dayes of thy lyfe I " — fol. QS*". Mordred having thus borne testimony to the worth of his fallen foe and brother, sheds tears, and moves away, cursing the time his fate was shaped to work such unhappiness. Arthur after- wards causes the body of Gawayne to be honorably conveyed to Winchester, where it is received by a procession of the prior and monks, and they are charged by the king to observe every funereal solemnity,-^ Lokis it be clanly kepyd, he said, and in the kirke holdene, Done for dergese, as to the ded fallys ; Menskede w' messes, for mede of the saule. Loke it wante no waxe, ne no wirchipe elles, And at the body be baarmede, and one erthe holdene. — fol. 95. I have now traced the history of Sir Gawayne from his birth to his burial-place, and might gladly have wished to let him rest INTRODUCTION. xxvii in peace, but this is forbidden. Subsequently to the completion of the romances by Robert de Borron and Map appeared a new work, the object of which was to introduce a knight of the Round Table, unknown and unnoticed by the preceding writers on the subject*. This was the famous TVistan, whose amour with the fair Iseult and feats of arms, told as they were in the inimitable style of the bon vieux Francois, found subsequently such favor with the world, as completely to eclipse the earlier romance com- positions. The first portion of this work was written by Luces de Gastf, in the time of Henry the Second, and the con- cluding part by HeUe de Borron, in the reign of Henry the Third. Both are animated by the same spirit, — that of vilifying the lineage of king Loth, and more particularly the fame and deeds of Gawayne. Among other fictions unknown to previous writers, they feign a hostiUty between the sons of king Pellinor and the children of Loth, and take every opportunity of praising the latter at the expense of the former |. Pellinor is said to have put king Loth to death, and is kiUed in return by Gawayne. Lamorat de Galles, the eldest son of Pellinor, and brother of * The fact of the more recent composition of the Tristan is, I think, indisputable. It is perfectly incredible, had he been previously celebrated, that no mention should be made of him by Robert de Borron and Map. These Tvere also the sentiments of my learned friend M. Paulin Paris, in the first volume of his interesting work, Les Manuscriis Francois de la Bibliothique du Roi, pp. 194-108, but in his second volume, p. 352, he retracts this opinion, and says he founded his arguments on the second portion of Tristan, composed at a later epoch. But the same conclusions may equally be drawn from the first part, in which the direct allusions to the Roman de Lancelot are frequent. To give a single instance. In the Lancelot, vol. i. f. ckxvi., is an account of Gawayne being carried off by a giant named Ka- rados ; and in the Tristan the same event is noticed as having previously occurred, vol. i. f. xlv. (MS. Harl. 49, fol. lOS*.) f The Abb6 de la Rue conjectures that he possessed the seignory of the territory of Gast, in the canton of St. Severe, department of Calvados. Essais sur les Bardes, ii. 231. This re- quires confirmation, but merits inquiry. X See the indignant remarks of Southey on the Tristan, in his Preface to Morte d' Arthur, p. xvi. d2 xxviii INTRODUCTION. Perceval, intrigues with the Lady of Orkney, the mother of our hero, and is slain by her sons, for which act of retributive justice Gawayne is severely censured. Indeed whenever Gawayne is mentioned, it is only to represent him under circumstances of defeat and disgrace, or to calumniate him. The manuscripts of this work are fuller, by one half, than the printed editions, and contain an additional quantity of misrepresentation*. To the same author who completed the Tristan we are indebted for a huge compilation intitled Gyron le Courtois, in which the exploits of Gyron, Mehadus, Branor le Brun, the Chevalier sans Peur, and a fresh race of worthies are commemorated, to whom even the Lancelots and Tristans are represented as inferior. Of course Sir Gawayne occupies here a very inferior grade, and is so changed from the aU-conquering hero of the Merlin, as scarcely to be recognised. From this compilation, as well as from the prior works of Robert de Borron and Map, was formed the abridgment made by Rusticien de Pise in the reign of Edward the First ; and in the course of the succeeding two centuries other compilers arose, who selected what portions they pleased, and formed them into distinct bodies of romance. These more recent compilations must be regarded as the immediate originals of the romances printed under the titles of Gyron le Courtois and Meliadus de Leonnois. The former of these first issued from the press of Verard, and represents with tolerable accuracy a portion of Rus- ticien's work. In this Sir Gawayne is only mentioned on two occasions, and in both passages as a vanquished knight. In the Meliadusf he is oftener introduced, but without a much greater * MSS. of the prose Tristan are rare in the libraries of Great Britain. In the British Mu- seum are only three copies of portions of the first part, and two copies of the second part. The complete text, I believe, is in the collection of Sir Thomas Phillipps, Bart. t The author of this romance frequently refers to the Tristan, the Lancelot, the Perceval, and the Gyron. M. Paris is inclined to refer its compilation to the commencement of the INTRODUCTION. xxix degree of praise. His character for courtesy is indeed acknow- ledged, and an awkward fiction is alleged to account for his in- ferior powers, by stating that in the tournament of Galles, main- tained between Arthur and the Seigneur des Loingtains Isles, (Gallehaiilt,) he received such hurts as to deprive him of his pre- vious force, so that afterwards he never recovered it. — " Et du grant dueil qu'il en eut, ilfist depuis moult de felonies, que la Table Ronde achepta moult durement." From the work of Rusticien de Pise it is probable that Sir Thomas Malory compiled the English prose Morte d' Arthur in the year 1469, in which, as Scott and Southey have remarked, the character of Gawayne is traduced, and his history misrepresented. There are a few adventures of Gawayne in this work which I have not found elsewhere, but they were doubtless furnished by the French manuscript ori- ginals, which I have had no opportunity of consulting*. The metrical romances composed by Chrestien de Troyes re- quire next to be noticed. They all appear to have been borrowed from the prose romances, but contain also incidents derived from other sources. The longest and best known of these is the Per- ceval le Gallois, so large a portion of which relates to the exploits of sir Gawayne, that, as a French writer has already observed, it sixteenth century, shortly before it was printed, but in Sir Thomas Phillipps's possession is a MS. of the fourteenth century, agreeing generally with the printed text, and containing the preface of Helie de Borron to his Gyron le Courtois, which in the printed edition of Me- liadus is erroneously attributed to Rusticien. From this cause have sprung innumerable mis- statements on the subject of these works, and the age of the composers. * There are no copies in the British Museum or Bodleian Library of the compilations of Helie de Borron and Rusticien. In Sir Thomas Phillipps's Library is a recension of Helie's work by Jehan le Vaillant, made in the year 1391, which was formerly in the La Valliere collection. I find also that a prose work intitled Roman, du Roi Arttis was printed at Paris in 1488, but is so scarce, that I do not know if a copy is to be found in England. It is evi- dently a late compilation, chiefly taken from the Merlin, but with variations. It is here stated, that at Loth's death Mordred disputes the right of Gawayne to his father's throne, and on Arthur taking the part of the latter, the catastrophe is brought on which ends in the monarch's destruction. This is quite a new version of the story. XXX INTRODUCTION. might with equal propriety have been named after both these heroes. I have already spoken of this romance in my Notes, (p. 305,) and its popularity in Scotland and England must have been great, since no less than three of the poems printed in the present volume are founded on episodes in it. ' Here, as in the second part of the Saint Graal, the adventures of Gawayne in search of the Mysterious Vessel and the palace of king Pescheur, occupy a prominent place. His character for valor and courtesy re-appears in its original lustre, and is praised with the same warmth as in the romance of Merlin. — " Sire," says an esquire to Arthur, after relating the feats of Gawayne at the enchanted castle of queen Yguerne, " en ma puissance Gauvain assez suffisau- ment louer n'est pas possible ; le propoz assez aorne ne la langue diserte ne ay-je elegante ne propice d, ce /aire, pource que, comme je croy, de touts chevallerie est la perle ; c'est celluy qui de tout vice est nect, innocent, et immaculle ; c' est celluy qui ne pourroit endurer felonnie ne mechancete' ; c'est le consolateur des desollez, le pere des orphelins, I'abresse et la reconfort des femmes vefues." fol. xlvii. We are also in this romance introduced to Giglan, the son of Gawayne by the sister of Brandehs, of whom mention only pre- viously occurs in the first part of the prose Tristan. The remaining romances by Chrestien, are the Tristan, appa- rently now lost ; the Chevalier au lAon, which is known as the original of the English Ywaine and Gawin ; the Roman d' Erec et Enide, in which Gawayne is assigned the first station among the knights of the Round Table* ; the Roman de Fregus, a narrative in many respects resembling that of Perceval, and the hero of which * Devant toz les bons chevaliers Doit estre Gauvains li premiers, Li seconz Erec, li filz Lac, Et li tier? Lanceloz dou Lac. MS. de la Bihl. du Roi, No. 7496*,/. 13, INTRODUCTION. xxxi is a native of Scotland ; the Roman de la Charrette, which is an episode taken from Lancelot ; and the Roman de Cliges. The last four still remain in manuscript, in the Biblioth^que du Roi at Paris, but analyses of them are given in the Bibliotheque des Ro- mans and the Histoire lAtteraire de la France. In all of them we find Gawayne very honorably noticed. Besides the longer romances several shorter poems of the same chivalrous character exist, in which Syr Gawayne's adventures are commemorated. One of these is the Chevalier a VEp^e*, the author of which blames Chrestien de Troyes for omitting to cele- brate Gawayne in a distinct poem, and says he will narrate one out of his numerous exploits. The subject connects it with the English tale of Syr Gawene and the Carle of Carlyle, as I have pointed out in the Notes, (p. 345.) Here too we meet with the amusing incident of the greyhounds f, which seems to have been borrowed from the metrical Perceval. Another is the fabliau of Lm Mule sans Frein^; in which Gawayne undertakes for a lady the adventure of the bridle, and after many hazardous conflicts, succeeds in gaining it. Aprosaical episode also is preserved, in- titled the Conte de V Aire Perilleux, containing an interesting ac- count of Gawayne's encounter with a formidable magician or semi-daemon, whom he destroys amidst flashes of lightning, and afterwards rescues a damsel from the power of a redoubtable knight named Ersanors de la Montague §. In all probability other narratives remain in manuscript relating to the same personage, and some may have been lost. In the * Printed in Meon's Recueil de FahUaux, vol. i. p. 127, and analysed by Le Grand. t See Dunlop's Hist, of Motion, i. 272." l Printed, ib. vol.i. p. 1. See Notes, p. 306. § Analysed in the Bibl. dea Romans, Juillet, 1777. p. 70. It is mentioned in the Inven- taire des livres de I'arwienne Bibliotheque du Louvre, fait en I'annie 1373, p. 75, 8vo, 1836 ; edited by M. Van Praet. xxxu INTRODUCTION. Reductorium Morale of Pierre Bercheur, Prior of St. Eloi, at Paris, better known by his Latin name of Berchorius, who is supposed by Warton to have been the author of the Oesta Romanorum* , at the end of his Prologue to book 14, De Nature Mirabilibus, speak- ing of the wonderful relations extant of Britain, he writes, " What shall I say of the marvels which occur in the histories of Gawayne (Galvayni) , and Arthur? Of which I will mention only one, namely, of the palace under the water, which Gawayne accident- ally discovered, where he found a table spread with eatables, and a chair placed ready for him, but was not able to find the door by which he might go out ; but being hungry, and about to eat, sud- denly the head of a dead man appeared in the dish, and a giant, who lay on a bier near the fire, rising up, and striking the roof with his head, and the head calling out and forbidding the repast, he never dared touch the viands, and after witnessing many wonders, got away he knew not howf !" Berchorius here evi- dently refers to the prodigies seen by Gawayne at the palace of the Oraal, but the manuscripts used by him must have diflFered greatly from those now extant, or he must have quoted from memory, and much misrepresented the story J. The former con- jecture seems the most probable. So also in a copy of the Mer- lin, No. 6958 of the Bibliotheque du Roi, we meet with an episode not in the usual text of this romance. Gawayne rescues a lady by force of arms from Oriol, King of the Saxons, and to his great * See my Preface to the Old English Versions of the Gesta Romanorum, printed for the Roxburghe Club, 4to, 1838. Bercheur died in 1362. t Edit. fol. Col. Agr. 1631, torn. ii. p. 901. He adds, "Melius ergo arbitror de istis tacere, qu^ de ipsis aliqua narrative asserere, ne forte videar fabulas hominum vel etiam opera daemonum pro naturali veritate narrare. Ista ergo ad praesens omittam, nisi forte quando defahulis poetarum tractabo, inseram aliquidde praemissis." This work, which was to have formed Has fifteenth book, is unfortunately lost, or was never completed. X Compare the Roman de Perceval, ff. cxxi — cxxiii. INTRODUCTION. xxxiii delight recognises her as his mie, the Countess of Limos. — " Si sautjus du cheval, et V embrace, et baise en la face, et ele lui, que onques dangler nul ne I'en fait ; et li dist, ' Certes, sire, Men me devez baisier et accoler, que onques mais baisier n'eustes, au mien esdent, que vous autretant chierement eussiez achete'.' ' Dame,' fait il, ' de tant suis-je plus liez*.' " Our hero seems to have been famed more for his various in- trigues than his constancy. At the trial of the ivory horn sent by Morgain to Arthur's court, he is the first to raise it to his lips, but no sooner does he touch the wine than it runs over the en- chanted rim, for " Ja nul chevallier n'y bevra qui aura triche son amye, ou que sa mie I'ait triche', que le vin sur lui ne respandef." In the Jeaste of Gawayne we have one of his affairs of gallantry nar- rated, copied from the Perceval, and in the same romance we have a similar account of his amour with the daughter of the king of EscaUon, with whom being surprised, he defends himself with a chess-board. A third affair of the same kind takes place with Taure'e, sister of the Little Knight of the Great Forest, and in the Lancelot andMalorf'sMorted' Arthur we have additional narratives of his influence with the fair sex ; so that we can readily under- stand why he is addressed by the lady in the Scotish romance of the Grene Kny^t as a master and pattern not only of courtesy but of the art of love. One more romantic composition relative to Gawayne remains to be noticed, which is the more remarkable from its being quite distinct from the established fictions of the Kound Table. This composition may be assigned to the early part of the fourteenth century, and is written in Latin ; but whether derived from " floating Celtic traditions," or from an Anglo-Norman original, must be left * p. Paris, Mannacrita Francois, ii. 344. + Roman de Perceval, t. c^. Comp. Rom. de THsfaji, i, f. liii. In the similar fabliau of the Manteau mal tailU it is Genelas, the mie of Gawayne, who fails in the trial, e xxxiv INTRODUCTION. to conjecture. It is intitled De Ortu Waluuanii, nepotis Arturi, and is a strange tissue of romantic fiction, embellished with many rhe- torical flourishes. In it Gawayne is represented as the result of a secret intrigue between king Loth and Anna, the daughter of Uter Pendragon, and to conceal his birth his mother delivers him to some foreign merchants, who carry him to the coast of France, not far from Narbonne. They leave the ship and the infant in the care of a boy, who falls asleep ; and in their absence a fisher- man carries the child off, together with a casket, containing testi- monials of his birth, and a vast quantity of treasure. He afterwards proceeds to Rome, where giving himself out to be a descendant of a noble Roman family, he is received most honorably by the emperor, and assigned as a residence the marble palace of Scipio Africanus. The boy grows up, and is beloved by all for his courteous demeanour and surprising boldness. At the age of twelve years his reputed father dies, but on his death-bed reveals the secret of Gawayne's birth to the emperor and the pope Sulpi- cius, but charges them not to reveal it until he should be restored to his parents. The youth is brought up under the emperor's protection, receives knighthood from his hands, and distinguishes himself by his prowess so greatly, that he is sent for by the christians living at Jerusalem to fight in single combat, as a champion in their behalf, against the champion of the king of Persia, who had made war on them. In his way to the east he lands on an island ruled by king Milocrates, an enemy of the Ro- mans, whom he kills, and afterwards encounters the hostile fleet of the king's brother, whose ships are sunk or captured. He at length reaches Jerusalem, and fights on foot with the pagan giant Gormundus, thePersian champion, for the space of three days, but at last cleaves him asunder with his sword from the head downwards, — "non optabile stomacho antidotum," — as thewriter oddly remarks. He afterwards returns triumphantly to Rome, and thence, hearing INTRODUCTION. xxxv of the fame of Arthur, to Britain, where he establishes his claim as nephew of the British monarch. Such is the brief outline of this singular story, in which we can clearly trace some few particulars referable to Geofirey of Monmouth, but worked up in a manner that would bear comparison with the extravagant fictions of a much later era. The popularity of Gawayne, in spite of the calumny contained in the Tristan and Gyron, must have been great, but was neces- sarily joined with that of other heroes of the Round Table. His adventvires are referred to by several Provencal poets previous to the close of the twelfth century, and often subsequently*. In the poems of the Anglo-Norman trouveurs his name very frequently occurs, and always in terms of respect. It would occupy too much space to specify the passages, but I have indicated the prin- cipal in a note below f. The author of a manuscript Latin trans- • See the Journal des Savana, p. 521, Sept., 1833 ; and Raynouard's Choix des Poesies dea Trovhadours, vol. ii. pp. 288, 295, 296, 298. By the author of the romance of Jaufre and Elias Cairel, his feats of arms are placed on the same scale with the wisdom of Merlin or the love-passion of Tristan. •f- A poem is quoted by the Abbe de la Rue, and assigned to king Henry the First, intitled Le dictie d'Urbain, in which it is said, — Plus estre corteis et sein Que ne fut Sire Gauvein, but I should doubt both the authorship and antiquity claimed for it. See Esaais sur les Bardes, vol. ii. p. 38, 8vo, 1834. In the same volume, p. 63, the Abb^ states that Turold, the author of a romance on the battle of Roncevaux, places Gawayne among the paladins by the name of Gautier. This is a silly blunder, arising out of a passage in a more recent copy of the poem, analysed by M. Monin, in which the words U niea Artus do not refer to Gautiers, but to Malaraua, and the name of Artiia itself is a mischievous variation from the original text, which reads Droun. Compare M. Michel's valuable edition of the Chanson de RoUand, 8vo, 1837, p. 79, and Monin's Biaaertation, pp. 26, 32. Consult also the Lai de Lanval, by Marie de France, vol. i. p. 220, Svo, 1820 ; Le Couronnement de Renart, vol. iv. pp. 3, 5, Svo, 1826 ; Lai de I'Omhre, p. 43, of Lais Inedita, par Fr. Michel, 8vo, 1836 ; Lai de Melion, p. 57, Svo, 1832 ; the metrical Livre de Oger de Dannemarche, MS. Reg. 15 E. vi. f. 81', col, 2 ; the Roman de la Rose, vol. iii. p. 211, Svo, 1814 ; and the Roman du e2 xxxvi INTRODUCTION. lation of the celebrated Calilah u Dimnah, made in the year 1313, complains in his preface of the avidity with which the romances of Gawayne and others were read*. But we are not hence to infer that there was originally any large distinct romance which passed by his name, but that allusion is made to one of those in which his exploits are prominently recorded. In this manner the ro- mance of Gawayne might mean either the Merlin or the Perceval or the Lancelot, as in similar cases we read of the romances of Gallehault, Agravain, and La Charrette, all of which are only por- tions or branches of the Lancelot. Thus too in the Inventory of Guillaumed' Orange, quotedhy M. Michel in the Glossary to the Chanson du RoUand, p. 209. In the last of these passages Gawayne is placed in fairy-land with many other heroes of the cycles of Arthur and Charlemagne. The British sovereign thus addresses Renouart, — Je sui Artus, dont Ten a tant parle, Renouart, fr^re, ce sont la gent fa€. Qui sont du silcle venus et trespass^. Vez-lk Rollant, ce vermeill coulour^, Et c'est Gauvain, h ce poile roi, Et puis Yvain, un sien compaing priv^ ; Et cele bele au vis enlumin^ Icele est Morgue, ou tant a de biaut^. Hence may be explained the lines of Chaucer, — That Syr Gawayne with his old curtesie. Although he come agen out of Fairie, He could him nought amendin in no worde. Lydgate also, in his Fall of Princes, B. viii. ch. 25, speaks of Arthur's court in Fairie. * " Vos igitur regalem curiam frequentes, qui tempus vestrum consumitis in narrationibus anbagicis, — ^verbi gracia, Lanceloti, Galvani, consimilibusque, — libros in quibus nulla con- sistit sciencia vel modica viget utilitas, crebrius intendentes, abjecta vanitatis palea, librum istum regium virtutum perlegatis," etc. The writer was a physician, named Raymond de Biterris, and he translated the work from the Spanish at the request of Joan, queen of Na- varre. It is altogether different from the version of John of Capua, printed under the title of the Directorinm Humaiue Vita. A beautiful copy of the work is preserved in the Bihl. du Rot at Paris, No. 8504. INTRODUCTION. xxxvii the Library in the Louvre, in 1373, we find notices of volumes described, as, " No. 287. De Merlin, et des fais de Lancelot du Lac et de Gauvin, em prose," and again, " No. 302. Du Saint Graal, de Lancelot, de Gauvain, en grant volume plat, em prose." In the same manner must the passage of Caxton be understood, where he speaks of " the grete and many volumes of Seint Graal, Gha- lehot, and Launcelotte de Lake, Gawayne, Perceval, Lyonel, and THstram* ," which renders Southey's conjecture as to their sepa- rate form of no force. If we now turn to our EngUsh writers, we shall find the fame of Gawayne in full vigor from the thirteenth to the sixteenth cen- tury. The stream of romance which brought down the name of Arthur, invariably joined to it that of his courteous and valiant nephew ; and his reputation in the popular estimation continued to retain its hold, in spite of the misrepresentations of the authors of the Tristan and the Gyron. John Hautville, author of the Archithrenius, written previous to the year 1207, places the follow- ing noble sentiments in our Hero's mouth, — Et Walffamis ego, qui nil reminiscor avara Illoculasse manu ; non haac mea fiilgarat auro Sed gladio dextraf In some prefatory hues to the collection of Metrical Legends of the Saints, written shortly before the year 1300}, we read, — * Proheme to Godefrey of Boloyne, fol. 1481. Compare his Preface to the Book of the Ordre of Chyvalry, fol. no date, but about 1484. t MS. Cott. Vesp. B. xxiii. f. 30, and MS. Harl. 4066, 2, f. 30. The knight previously says of himself, — £t genus et geutem tribuit Lodonesia nutrix, Prebuit irriguam morum Comubia mammam. X Warton, in Hist. Engl. Poetr. says 1200, vol. i. pp. 14, 126, and is incautiously fol- lowed by Ritson, Metr. Rom. p. civ. I am surprised to find the same error repeated in Mr. Guesf s valuable work on English Rhythms, vol. ii. p. 220. The same writer persists, p. xxxviii INTRODUCTION. Men wilnethe more yhere of batayle of kyngis And of knyjtis hardy, that mochel is lesyngis, Of Roulond and of Olyuere, and Gy of Warwyk, Of Wawayne and Tristram, that ne founde here ylike. MS. Bodl. 779, ap. Warton, vol. i. p. 126. Again, in the romance of Richard Cceur de Ldon, composed pro- bably within ten years of the same period, Many romances men make newe, Of good knyghtes, strong and trewe ; Off theyr dedes men rede romance, Bothe in Engeland and in France ; Off Roweland and of Olyuer, And of euery doseper ; Of Alisandre and Charlemain, Off kyng Arthour and off Gawayn ; How they were knyghtes good and curteys, Off Turpyn, and of Ogier Daneys*. In a curious poem in the Digby MS. No. 86, intitled "I«e Ovmtent parentre le Mauvis et la Russinole, written in the reign of Edward the First, is the following stanza : Nijttingale, thou hauest wrong, Wolt thou me senden of this lond. For ieh holde with the rijtte ; I take witnesse of Sire Wawain, That Ihesu Crist jaf mijt and main, And strengthe for to fljtte fol. 137 f- 412, in assigning the year 1278 to Robert of Gloucester's Chronicle, although in my Preface to HaveUtk I have pointed out a passage in it which proves it not to have been completed till after 1297. * Weber's Afeft-. iJoM. ii, 4; see also ii. 261. He is greatly mistaken in supposing the romance of Ywaine and Gmoin to be here alluded to. t A fragment of the same poem, written thirty years later, is preserved in the Auchinleck MS., and is thence quoted by Leyden, m Complaynte of Scotland, p. 159. INTRODUCTION. xxxix Chaucer's lines in reference to our hero are well known*, and so are the passages in the romance of Ywaine and Gawmf, com- posed nearly at the same period. In a legendary MS. work, in- titled Ckrsor Mundi, of the same age, we read in the prologue, — Man yhernes rimes for to here, And romans red on manere sere, — O kyng Arthour, that was so rike, Quam non in hys tim was like ; O ferlys that hys knythes fell, That aunters sere I here of tell ; As Wawan, Cai, and other stabell, For to were the Ronde Tabell. MS. Cott. Vesp. A. iii.fol. IJ. In the fifteenth century there are numerous allusions to Sir Gawayne, and the vernacular translations of the Saint Graal and Merlin^, Mort Artus\\, Perceval^, Launfal**, the Squyr of Lowe Degrref f , and other romances, united with the publication of Ma- lory's diffuse work towards the close of this period, must have powerfully operated in diffusing a knowledge of his romantic career. In a metrical version of Guido de Colonna's War of Troy, which has erroneously been attributed to Lydgate, the writer thus enumerates the popular fictions of the day, — * Canterbury Taks, 1. 10,409, and Rom. of the Rose, 1. 2209. Tyrwhitt's Glossary, in v. Gawain. t L. 1419, ap. Ritson, Metr. Rom., vol. i. J This copy of the poem is written in the northern dialect. See the same passage, with numerous variations, quoted from the Laud.MSS., No. 416, Bodl. Library, in Warton, Hist. E. P., i. 127. § Preserved in Corpus Chr. Coll. Cambr., No. 80, and hitherto unpublished. The trans- lator names himself Herry Lonelich : see Nasmyth's Catalogue, p. 55, 4to, 1777. II MS. Harl. 2252. Printed for the Roxburghe Club, 4to. 1819. f MS. Eccles. Lincohi., A. 1. 17. ** Ritson's Metr. Rom., vol. i. +t Ibid., vol. iii. xl INTRODUCTION. Off Bevis, Gy, and of Gaviayn, Off kyng Richard, and of Owayn, Off Tristram, and of Percyvale, Off Rouland Ris and Aglavale. MS. Laud. 595, fol. I. Bodl. Lihr. And in the inedited romance of Syr Degrevante, a composition of much merit, we are told, — W kyng Arthure, I wene. And dame Gaynore, the quene, He was knawene for kene This comly knyghte ; In haythynnes and in Spayne, In France and in Britayne, W Perceuelle and Gawaym, For hardy and wyghte. l!iIS.Lmc.A.\.n. In the reign of Henry the Eighth we learn from a curious pas- sage in Skelton's lAtU Boke of Phillip Sparow, what were the principal romance-stories then in vogue, and among them is " Gawen and Syr Guy," as well as Lancelot, Tristan, and Libius Diosconius, Gawayne's son. The repeated editions of such romances in the course of the sixteenth century must have rendered the name of Gawayne famihar to all, and at length, by the natural course of all popular literature, the ballad-makers succeeded the minstrels in the commemoration of his exploits. Perhaps one of the latest passages in which his name is used as a bye-word occurs in Lane- ham's amusing account of the actors in the Coventry pageant be- fore Queen EUzabeth at Kenilworth : — "But aware! keep bak, make room noow, heer they cum ! And fyrst captin Cox, — an od man, I promiz yoo, — ^by profession a mason, and that right skilfuU ; very cunning in fens, and handy as Gawin, for hiz tonsword hangs VW^O ^^ Vh+- f^f e tvtlk -pat f c ttames of trefou f "^ro^ ^^je*"-" -'-' - " '- '-"• "-^ -''' ^- -fro r tcVfO-muUis -torome rt«l;i*1?y ^'iJyi^f Sfe* ;&r^" Vwbbaticc fat bnt^c Vjc btges^-^JioTi fyrft "t" -ivcuetteB Vt })\0 aime riome as V)tt noSfeVjat Hfx'ng to tnCl^ai^ ^ tclJE:S bxgytte^ "4 fer m^e frencJj fiod feh^ brut? mwany bontlig^ faUrote brcta^jn l^eCcttej Vott bo-pe- blyfCc-^^bluijt fuUbetc^ bat| fkj^cd Cf tie ^n^ qtien ytg bretayn4is?at^bijgci>btfts btirti r^c)) A 3bol& bYcd(fen ferine bartt i^at bf^^ ^ f f iiimonj; tuTixed t))tne^ ten< ^at.^ojteu '(\ 3 -mo ferl;)?e«otti?i$ folJj' 1;; an fallen l;cre oft |! If enmanj) o^ ^at ^'^ot fy-n.fat -lit t;;?!!!^ ^1 bot of alle fat Ijere- bnlt of breta^jgne |i^c$r ay%a^ arttjw yel^enkft a$-j)>ae }^er^ telU M.S.Cott.Nero,A,x.fol.91. J/"^^,- ii/, .iffi UingUiiL j,'i S li-a. INTRODUCTION. xli at his tablz eend*." And a little farther on, among the books which the same worthy had " at hiz fingers endz," he mentions " Syr Isenbras, Syr Gawyn, and Olyver of the Castl." Indeed there can be little doubt that Sir Gawayne was the prototype which furnished to Spenser the character of his Sir CaUdore, In whom it seemes that gentleness of spright And manners mylde were planted naturall, To which he adding comely guize withall, And gracious speach, did steale mens hearts away ; Nathlesse thereto he was full stout and tall, And well approv'd in batteilous affray, That him did much renowme, and far his fame display. Faerie Queene, B, vi. c. 1. s/.2. Having dwelt so long on the subject of our Hero's fame in Eng- land, it is scarcely necessary to add, that in southern Scotland the popularity of his exploits could not have been less, since he there was claimed as one of their own chieftains, the Lord of Galloway. The Scotish poems pubhshed in the present volume will best show how he was regarded by the writers of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, but they also prove, that these writers were indebted to Anglo-Norman romance-literature for nearly all that they knew of him. This is an important fact in the history of Scotish lite- rature, and hitherto has not received the attention it deserves. The same remark may extend to Wales, as proved by the publi- cation of the Mabinogion. If we now look towards Germany, we shall find at an early pe- riod the romances of the Round Table received there, as borrowed from the French originals. Hartman von Owe translated the Che- valier au Lion at the commencement of the thirteenth century f, * Letter on the entertainment of the Queen at Kenilworth, p. 34, 157S. 12mo. Oliver of the Casth is a mistake for, or corruption of, Oliver of Casiille. t Printed in Miiller's Sammhmg, vol. ii. 4to, 1785. f xlii INTRODUCTION. and at the same period Wolfram von Eschenbach composed his ro- mances of Parzival and Titurel from the authority of Kyot of Pro- vence*. The proper names in these are very much altered, and other Uberties taken, but in the German Parzival, as in the French text. Sir Gawayne occupies the larger share of the poem. Goldast in his Pareenetica, p. 377, quotes a distich from a German poem intitled by him Historia Gewani, but in all probability it is taken from the Parzivalf. In the "Altdeutsche Blatter" are also printed three fragments of old German romances from MSS. of the 13th, 14th, and 15th centuries, relating to Gawayne, but it is doubtful to what works they belong J. The same personage is mentioned in the romance of Lohengrin, which belongs to the same cycle §, as well as in the romance of Wigolais, by Wirnt von Gravenberg, of which I have spoken in my Notes, (p. 347.) To- wards the end of the fifteenth century a cychc compilation from the Round Table narratives was made by Ulrich Fiirterer, a poet of Bavaria, and the work is still preserved in manuscript at Mu- nich and Vienna!. Among the Flemish poets the adventures of Gawayne were equally well known, and at as early a period. They are referred to by Jacob von Maerlant, (who died about the year 1300,) in his Alexandreis, and also by Jan de Helu, who was his contemporary, and by Jan de Clerk, who died in 1350^. Besides these inci- * Printed in the edition of Eschenbach's works by Lachmann, 8vo, Berl. 1833. The Par- zival consists of 24,678 lines. t See Vender Hagen's Grundrisazur Geschichte der Deutschen Poesie, p. 122, 8vo, Berl. 1812. I Vol. ii. pp. 148—159, 8vo, Leipz. 1838. § Edited by J. Gorres, from a MS. in the Vatican, 8vo, Heidelb, 1813. In this, Sygelini, daughter of Gawayne, is noticed. II Von der Hagen Grundr. etc., p. 153. See also Altdeutsche Gedichte aua den Zeiten der Tafelmnde, v. F. F. Hofstater, 2 Thl. 12mo, Wien, 1811. f See Hoffinan's Horae Belgicae, pt. i. pp. 48, 52, 8vo, 1830 ; and Mone's Ubersicht der Niederldndiachen Volka-JAteratur, p. 38, 8vo, Tiib. 1838. INTRODUCTION. xlili dental passages, a poem consisting of 11,300 lines is extant, com- posed by Pennine and Peter Vostaert in the fourteenth century, in which the exploits of Gawayne are principally narrated, and which is, doubtless, a translation of the French Perceval*. Even in the remoter regions of the North, the romances of Perceval, Ywaine, Erec and Enide, Tristan, and many more of French origin, found their way, and Icelandic versions of them are still preserved in the libraries of Stockholm, Copenhagen, and the Bri- tish Museum, In the list given by Miiller in his Sagabibliothek, vol. iii. p. 484, I find " Valvent, Artus Kappa, Saga," or Ro- mance of Gawayne, Arthur's knight, and in the Additional MSS. in the British Museum, No. 4859, is preserved a transcript, with the title, " Nu byriast Valvers [Valvens] ]>attur, sem var eirn af Artus Kauppum." It consists only of five chapters, and is evidently a short compilation from the Perceval. In the southern countries of Europe the Round Table romances seem, comparatively speaking, to have been in far less repute. The Italians, indeed, had translations of 'the Merlin, the Lancelot, and the Tristan, but, with the exception of the last, they were never generally read, but gave way to the more popular romances of Charlemagne and his Douze Pairs^. Ariosto, however, takes occasion to eulogise the chivalry of Britain : — Gran cose in essa gia fece Tristano, Lancilotto, Galasso [Galeotto,] Artu, e Galvano. Orlando Furioso, Canto iv, st. 52. And another writer of more recent date, Brusantino, in his Angelica Innamorata, also says, — * Consult the last cited works. Vostaert seems to have completed the poem in the year 1350. t See Panizzi's Boiardo ed Ariosto, Essay, p. 151, 12mo, 1830. f2 xliv INTRODUCTION. E tra i pregiati Artu gia fu e Tristano, E Bando, e Lancilotto, e 1 huxm Galvano*. But it was reserved for a native of Cremona, at the request of the Loredani family of Venice, to celebrate Arthur's courteous nephew in a distinct work. It is written in ottava rima, and was printed without date at Milan by Peter Martir and his associates, and intitled, " lAbro novo de la Inamoramento de Galvano, etc., composto da il laureato poeta Fossa da Cremona." By Ferrario it is assigned to Evangelista Fossa, but Count Melzi seems inclined to give it to Matteo Fossa, who died in 1516f. Both agree in stating that it is of extreme rarity, and extremely worthless. Lastly, among the Greeks of the Eastern Empire we meet with the heroes of the Round Table, whose exploits must have been communicated to them in their intercourse with the Franks. This curious fact is proved by the fragment of a romance written in Greek pohtical verses, a private impression of which was printed at Breslau in 1821, by Von der Hagen, and subsequently reprinted at the end of M. Michel's edition of Tristan, in 1835. Neither of these editors was aware of the fact, that the poem in question is only a portion of a longer romance, translated closely from the Gyron le Courtois of Helie de Borron or Rusticien de Pise, and consequently its composition cannot be assigned to so early a period as the twelfth century, but to the latter half of the thirteenth, I have now only to add a few words respecting the execution of the present volume. The Glossary has cost considerable labor, and will, I trust, be considered of value, but to those who know * Cant. iii. st. 1, edit. 8vo, Vineg. 1553. No such personage as Bando occurs in the Arthurian romances. t See Storia degli antichi Romanzi di Cavalleria, vol. ii. p. 330, 8vo, 1828 ; and Melzi's Bibliografia de'Romanci, p. 320, 8vo, 1838. si US w 1/3 I INTRODUCTION. xlv the difficulties which attend the explanation of the Northern alliterative poems, its imperfections will not prove matter of sur- prise. I hope the time may arrive, when the whole of these poems still remaining in manuscript will be published, and I am confident, that until this preliminary step is accomphshed, no complete Dictionary of the Northern English can be made. Jamieson's is, indeed, a work of great industry, and his col- lection of modern Scoticisms intitled to considerable praise ; but as a critical or etymological guide to the Scotish and Northern dialect of the thirteenth, fourteenth, and fifteenth centuries, it is miserably imperfect and inaccurate. A vicious theory pervades it throughout, which a more extensive acquaintance with the mass of vernacular literature stiU remaining inedited would, I am convinced, have excluded. The poems here taken from original manuscripts are printed with a scrupulous regard to accuracy, and the abbreviations left as written, but, for the convenience of the reader, a Ust of these is annexed, and the words are written at length in the Glossary and Notes. The truth is, that editors of our old poetry have, with few exceptions, paid too little attention to the system of writing used by the early scribes, and the consequence is, that but a small portion of all that has been published wiU bear colla- tion with the originals. I say this advisedly, having myself com- pared most of the poems edited by Ritson, Pinkerton, "Weber, Percy, EUis, Hartshorne, and others. It is time this were re- medied. I have added to the present Introduction, according to the excellent plan adopted by recent French writers, a description of the Manuscripts used by me, which may not be altogether devoid of interest. For three of the transcripts from the Percy MS., my thanks are due in an especial manner to George Baker, Esq., the Historian xlvi INTRODUCTION. of Northamptonshire, who most kindly undertook to make them for me, which he was enabled to do by the liberal permission of the present possessor of the Manuscript, Ambrose Isted, Esq., of Ecton Hall. FREDERIC MADDEN. British Museum, 9th August, 1839. DESCRIPTION OF THE MANUSCRIPTS USED IN THE PRESENT VOLUME. I. Cotton MS. Nero A. x. A small quarto volume, consisting of three dif- ferent MSS. bound together, which originally had no connection with each other. Prefixed is an imperfect list of contents, in the hand-writing of James, the Bodley Librarian. The first portion consists of a panegyrical oration in Latin by Justus de Justis, on John Cbedworth, archdeacon of Lincoln, dated at Verona, 16 July, 1468. It occupies thirty-six folios, written on vellum, and is the original copy presented by the author. The second portion is that we are more immediately concerned with. It is de- scribed by James as " Vetus poema Anglicanum, in quo sub insomnii figmento rmiUa ad reliffionem et mores specfantia explicantur," and this account with some slight changes is adopted by Smith and Planta, in their catalogues ; both of whom assign it to the fifteenth century. It will appear, by what follows, that no less than four distinct poems have been confounded together by these writers. This portion of the volume extends fromfol.37 to fol.126, inclusive, and is written by one and the same hand, in a small, sharp, irregular character, which is often, from the paleness of the ink, and the contractions used, difiicult to read. There are no titles or rubrics, but the divisions are marked by large initial letters of blue, florished with red, and several illuminations, coarsely executed, serve by way of illustration, each of which occupies a page. 1. Four of these are prefixed to the first poem. In the first the Author is represented slumbering in a meadow, by the side of a streamlet, clad in a long red gown, having falling sleeves, turned up with white, and a blue hood xlviii attached round the neck. In the second the same person appears, drawn on a larger scale, and standing by the stream. In the third he occurs nearly in the same position, with his hands raised, and on the opposite side a lady dressed in white, in the costume of Richard the Second's and Henry the Fourth's time, buttoned tight up to the neck, with long hanging sleeves. Her hair is plaited on each side, and on her head is a crown.. In the fourth we see the author kneeling by the water, and beyond the stream is depicted a castle, or palace, on the imbattled wall of which appears the same lady, with her arm extended towards him. The poem commences on fol. 39, and consists of one hundred twelve-line stanzas, every five of which conclude with the same line, and are connected by the itera- tion of a leading expression. It commences thus :— Perle plesaunte to prynces paye. To clanly clos in golde so clere, Oute of oryente I hardely saye Ne proued I neuer her precios pere ; So rounde, so reken in vche araye. So smal, so smothe her sydej were, Quere so euer I iugged gemme; gaye I sette hyr sengeley in synglure. Alias ! I lefte hyr in on erbere, purj gresse to groimde hit fro me got ; I dewyne for dowed of luf daungere. Of fat pryuy perle w'outen spot. The writer represents himself as going in the month of August to seek his pearl or mistress, and faUiug asleep in a flowery arbour. He is carried in his vision to a stream near a forest, which flows over pebbles of emeralds and sapphires. On the other side he perceives a chrystal clifi", and " a mai^den of menske" sitting beneath. At the fote ther of ther sete a faunt, A mayden of menske iiil debonere ; Blysnande whyt wal^ hyr bleaunt, I knew hyr wel, I had sene hyr ere. As glysnande golde ])at men con schere. So schon \3.t schene an vnder schore ; On lenghe I loked to hyr fere, pe lenger I knew hyr more & more. The lady rises and approaches him, and in answer to his inquiries blames him for xlix supposing her lost. He wishes to pass the stream, but is told he may not till after death. The lady thence takes occasion to instruct him in religious doctrines, which are of a mystical tendency. The celestial Jerusalem is then pointed out to him, and he beholds a procession of virgins going to salute the Lamb. The lady lej^es him to take her place among them ; and on his attempting to jump into the stream to follow her, he awakes. The poem concludes on fol. 55^. 2. Then follow two more illuminations ; in the first of which Noah and his family are represented in the ark ; in the second the prophet Daniel ex- pounding the writing on the waU to the affrighted Belshazzar and his queen. These serve as illustrations to the second poem, which begins at fol. 57, and is written in long alliterative lines. Clannesse who so kyndly cowjie commende, & rekken vp alle Je resownj ]>' ho by rijt ask^, Fayre formg myjt he fynde in forering his speche, & in ])e contrare kark & combraunce huge. The first part of this poem is occupied with the parable of the marriage-feast, as applicable to cleanness of life. In the second is related the fall of the angels, the creation, and principal events of scripture history to the destruction of Sodom, after which follows a long passage on the birth of Christ, and reflexions of a moral character. The third part embraces the history of Daniel ; and concludes on fol. 82. 3. Two illuminations precede, as before ; one of which represents the sailors throwing the prophet Jonas into the sea, the other depicts the prophet in the attitude of preaching to the people of Nineveh. The poem is in the same metre as the last, and commences thus, fol. 83 : — Pacience is a poynt, faj hit displese ofte ; When heuy herttes ben hiut wyth hejiyng, other elles, Suffraunce may aswagen hem, & Jie swehne lethe. For ho quelles vche a qued, & quenches malyce. It is occupied wholly with the story of Jonas, as applicable to the praise of meek- ness and patience ; and ends on fol. 90. 4. The Romance intitled by me Syr Gawayn and the Grene Kny^t follows, fol. 91. Prefixed is an illumination, of which an outline engraving is given at p. 18 of the present volume, and needs no further description, except that here and elsewhere the only colors used are green, red, blue, and yellow. A fac- simile of the first page of the poem itself is also annexed. It ends on fol. 124^ and at the conclusion, in a later hand is written « Hony foit q mal penc," S 1 which may, perhaps, allude to the illumination on the opposite page, fol. 125, representing the stolen interview between the wife of the Grene Kny?t and Syr Gawayne. (See p. 45.) Above the lady's head is written : Mi mind is mukul on on, >' wil me nojt amende, *- Sum. time was trewe as fton, & fro fchame cou)>e hir defende. It does not appear very clearly how these lines apply to the painting. Two ad- ditional illuminations follow ; in the first of which Gawayne is seen approaching the Grme Chapel, whilst his enemy appears above, wielding his huge axe (see p. 82.) ; and in the second Sir Gawayne, fully equipped in armour, is represented in the presence of king Arthur and queen Guenever, after his return to the court. (See p. 91.) The form of the helmet worn by the knight is here worthy of notice. The third and concluding portion of the Cotton volume extends from fol. 127 to fol. 14!0^ inclusive, and consists of theological excerpts, in Latin, written in a hand of the end of the thirteenth century. At the conclusion is added EpUaphium de Bamdfo, ahbate Ramesiensi, who was abbat from the year 1231 to 1253, and who is erroneously called Ralph \n the Monasticon, vol. ii. p. 548, new ed. II. The Thornton MS. preserved in the Library of Lincoln Cathedral, and marked A. 1. 17. It is a folio volume written on paper, in a small and occasionally negligent hand, consisting at present of 314 folios, but imperfect both at the be- ginning and end, and otherwise much injured by neglect'. It was apparently com- piled by one Robert de Thornton, between the years 1430-1440. The Contents are, 1. Life of Alexander; in prose, fol. 1. Beg downe to je dyke, and thare he felle, and was alle to-frusched. At the conclusion we read, " Here ende^ Y klf of gret Alexander, conqtierour of ' This MS. was liberally lent to me in 1832, for a considerable period, by the Dean and Chapter of Lincoln. It was then in thick oaken boards, covered with white leather, and fastened by a clasp, but in so decayed a state, and the leaves in such loose disorder, as to make it absolutely necessary, for the sake of preserving it frouL destruction, to have it rebound. This I caused to be done, at my own expense, in a " good solid attire of Russia leather," and I prefixed to it a list of the contents, drawn up with considerable labor, to which I affixed my initiaJs. It was therefore with some surprise I found, on looking into Dr. Dibdin's " Bibliographical Tour in the Northern Comities," 8vo, 1838, that in vol. i. pp. 110-116, the whole of this list was copied in my own words, (with some very trifling alterations, and some very glaring blunders,) without any proper acknowledgement to myself as the author, but on the contrary, at p. 117, the description is assigned to "Mr. WilUon's enlarged notice." Justice to myself requires me to state this. Either Dr. Dibdin or Mr. WUlson has not treated me fairly in this matter. li alle f* worlde." It is a literal translation of the Latin prose Life, printed at Stras- burg, in 1494, and from this or a similar version the alliterative Scotish Romance in MS. Ashmole 44, seems to have been versified. On the verso of fol. 49 is written in a later hand than the usual text, " Isto die natus ftat, sancta Maria ante [_Na£vitatem?'\ J)(mini nosiri Jhesu Christi, Ro- bertus Thornton in Ridaylk, anno Domini m°ccccliij.'' 2. Prognostications of the weather, etc., written in a different and more re- cent hand. fol. 50. 3. Lamentacio Peccatoris. fol. SI*". Beg. Alle crystyn men ]>' wawkes me bye. In twenty stanzas of four lines each, written in a later hand than Thornton's. On fol. 52^ is a rude drawing in pen and ink of a combat between a knight and a giant, executed apparently by the same hand. 4. Here begynnes Morte Arthure. fol. 53. Beg. Now grett glorious godd ] thurghe grace of hym seluene,^ And the precyous prayere | of hys prys modyr. At the bottom of the page is written in red, '^ f \ ygV En espyrance may .... On fol. 93'' occurs also the name of " Robart Thornton," in a scroll at- tached to an initial letter, and at the end of the poem occurs, " Here endes Morte Arthure, writene by Robert of Thomtone." A later hand adds, " R. Thornton dic- tus, qui scripsit sit benedictus. Amen." Bishop Tanner, and after him Ritson and others, have considered Thornton here and elsewhere as the avthor, but he is evi- dently only the scribe. In all probability, this Romance is the "gret Geste of Ar- thure," ascribed by Wyntown to Hucheon. (See Notes, p. 303.) 5. Here hy-gynnes the Romarux off Octavyane. fol. 98''. Beg. Mekylle and Uttille, olde and jynge, Herkyns alle to my talkynge. In six-line stanzas. Unfortunately one half of fol. 108 has been torn away. It differs from the Romance printed by Weber, from the Cotton MS. Calig. A. II., but agrees with the copy at Cambridge, among Bp. More's MSS. in the Public Library, No. 690. (Ff.ii.38.) 6. Here begynnes the Romarux off Syr Ysambrojce. fol. 109. Beg. Jhesu Xp'c, Lorde of heuene kynge, Graunte vs alle his dere biyssynge. In six-line stanzas. At the end is, " Eacplicit Syr YsanArace." It differs much g2 i lii from Copland's edition, reprinted by Utterson in his Early Popular Poetry, vol. i. p. 77. 7. Here hygynnes y" Romance off Dyoclicyane y^ Emperour Sf y^ Erie Be- . rode of Thohm, and ofy^ Empriee Beaulilione. fol. ll**". Beg. Jhesu Criste, God and Lorde in Trynyte, Onely god and persones thre. In six-line stanzas. The close of this Romance has been torn away. It is printed by Ritson, Metr. Rom. vol. iii. p. 93, from Bp. More's MSS. in Publ. Libr. Cam- bridge, No. 690, and a third copy exists in the Ashmolean Museum, No. 45. 8. Vita SancH Christofori. \_Her'\e hygynnes y^ lyffe of y^ Story of \_S'\ayrae Cristofre. fol. 122''. Beg. Lordynges, if it be jowre wille. And je wille here, and holde jow still. In six-line stanzas. At the end is, " Explicit Vita Sancti Christofori. TTwrntone." 9. Syr Degreuance. fol. 130. Beg. Jhesu, Lorde in Trynite Graunte fsun heuene for to see. In eight-line stanzas. At the close is, "Explicit Syr Degrettaunt." The name is printed erroneously Degrenante by Lalng, (who conjectures it may be Sir Degore, which it is not,) and Dygamore by Dibdin. Ritson in his MS. Catalogue of Ro- mances, MS. Add. 10,285, Append., mentions another copy as existing among Bp. More's MSS. at Cambridge. 10. Incipit Syr Eglamour ofArtasse. fol. ISS*". Beg. Jhesu >' is heuens kyng, Gyff vs alle his blyssyng. In six-line stanzas. There are other copies in MS. Cott. Calig. A. II., and MS. More, 690. It was printed by Chepman and Myllar at Edinburgh, in 1508, and subsequently by Copland, and by WaUey, at London. 11. De Miraculo beate Marie, fol. 147. Beg. Jhesu, Lorde in Trinyte, *'^- P' was, and es, and aye schalle be. In six-line stanzas. The story relates to a wicked knight, who is converted from his sins by a friar. liii 12. Lyarde. fol. 148. Beg. Lyarde es ane olde horse, and may noght wele drawe. He salle be putt in to >« parke, holyne for to gnawe. At the end is, " Here endys Lyarde." The tale is of an indecent cast. 13. Tomas off Ersseldoune. fol. liQ*". Beg. Lystyns, lordynges, bothe grete and smale. In stanzas of four lines each. At the end, "Explicit Thomas of Ersekdoumne." It is imperfect; part of fol. 152 and nearly the whole of fol. 153 having been torn away. It was printed from this copy by Laing in his Popular Poetry of Scotland, ^to, 1822, and previously had appeared in Scott's Border Minstrelsy and Jamieson's Popular Ballads, from the Cotton MS. Vitell. E. x., and MS. More Ff. v. iS. 14. Here by-gynnes the Avmtyrs of Arthurs at the Terne-Wathelyne. fol. 154. Printed in the present Volume, p. 95. A fac-simile of the commencement is an- nexed, which will shew the general character of the MS. 15. Here bygynnes the Romance off Syr Perecyuelle of Gales, fol. 161. Beg. Lef, lythes to me, Two wordes or thre. In stanzas of eight lines. No other copy is at present known, but it is but of little merit as a composition. 16. 17, 18. Charms for the tooth-ache. fol. 176. 19. Epistola SancH Salvatoris. fol. 176''. 20. Prayer in Latin, with a Proem in English, fol. 176"". 21. A Preyere off the Fyve Joyes of oure Lady [iw] Ynglys, and of the Fyve Sorowes. fol. 177''- 22. Psaltnus, Voce mea ad Dominum clamaui. fol. 178. 23. Here bygynnys Fyve Prayers to the wirchipe of the Fyve Wbndys of oure Lorde Jhesu Cryste; in Latin, fol. 178. 24. Oracio in Ynglys. fol. 178*". 25. A Colett to oure lady Saynt Marye ; in Latin, fol. 178''. 26. Oracio in modo Collecte,pro amico. fol. 178''. 27. Antiphona Sancti Leonardi, cum Colkcta. fol. 178''. 28. HerebegynnesthePreroUeoff the Passioune of owrehrde Jhesu. fol. 179. Beg. Who so desyres to fynd comforthe and gostely gladnes. At the end is written, "Explicit Botiauenture de Misterijs Passionis Jhesu Christi." liv 29. Incipit tractatus Willielmi Nassytigtone, quondam Aduocati Juris Ebo- raci, de Trinitate et Vnitate, cum declaracione qperum Dei, et de passione Domini nostri Jhesu Christi, etc. fol. 189. Beg. A, Lord God of myghtes maste, Fadere and Sone, and Haly Gaste, Fader, for >" ert almyghty, sone for thow ert alle wytty. Tanner notices this poem from the present MS., and so does Warton, JSist, Engl. Poetry, vol. iii. p. 9, who with his usual inaccuracy confounds it with Nafsyngton's translation of John de Waldeby's Myrrour, and then assigns the author to the year 14<80 ; although, in the Royal Library, British Museum, there is a copy of Nafsyng- ton's version of the Myrrour, dated in 1418, MS. Reg. 17, C. viii. 30, 31, 32. Prayers in verse, fol. 191*. 33. Of the vertui of the haly name of Jhesu, fol. 192. A translation from Richard Hampole's comment on the verse Oleum effusum nomen tuum, etc. 34. A tale Tf at Richerde Hermet \made~\. fol. 193*. Beg. When I hade takene my syngulere purpos, and lefte ]j« seculere habyte. 35. A prayere ]iat J)' same Richerde Hermet made, f* es beried at Hampulle ; in Latin, fol. 193''. 36. Ympnus, quem composuit Sanctus Amhrosyus. fol. 193*. 37. De imperfecta contricione, fol. 194. Beg. Rycherde hermyte reherces a dredfuUe tale. 38. Moralia Richardi heremite, de natura apis, fol. 194. Beg. The bee has thre kyndis. At the foot of this folio is written " Edward Thornton," in a hand of Henry the Eighth's time. 39. De vita ctff'usdam puelk incluse propter amorem Christi. fol. 194*. Beg. Alswa Heraclides, 1;= clerke, telles. At the close is, " Richerd heremyte reherces fis tale in ensampille." 40. 41. Two Latin extracts from "Richardus Herymyta." fol. 195, 42. A notabille Tretys off the ten, Comandementys, drawene by Richerde the hermyte off Hampulle. fol. 195*. Beg. The fyrste comandement eg. Thy Lorde God >" salle loute. 43. Idem de septmi donis Spiritus Sancti, Also of J>« gyftes of the Haly Gaste. fol. 196. Iv ii. Idem de dilectaeione in Deo. Also of J)° same, ddyte and yernyng of Gode. fol. 196^ 45. Incipit Speculum Sancti Edmundi, Cantuar. Archiepiscopi, in Anglids. Here begynnys the Myrrour of Seynt Edmonde, J)* Ersebechope of Canter- berye. ff. 197-209. Beg. Videte vocacionem veifram. , This wordes sayse saynte Paule. Edmund Rich, the author of the Latin original of this treatise, died in 1242. 46. Tractatus de dominica oracione. fol. 209*. Beg. In alle the wordes fat er stabilled. 47. Poetical address to Christ, fol. 211. Beg. Jhesu Criste, sa3rnte Marye soune. In stanzas of four lines. At the end is. Explicit. Amen. Thomtone. Amen. 48. Another metrical orison, in six-line stanzas, fol. 211''. Beg. Fadir, and Sone, and Haly Gaste. 49. Another, to Christ, fol. 212. Beg. Jhesu Criste, Goddes sune of heuene. 50. Incipit a Meditacione ofY Fyve Woundes ofoure Lorde Jhesu Criste ; in Latin, fol. 212. 51. A Meditacione of the Crosse of Criste ; in Latin, fol. 212*". At the end is added, " R. Thomtone dictus, qui scripsit sit benedictus. Amen." 52. Moral Poem, in stanzas of four lines, fol. 213. Beg. When Adam dalfe and Eue spane | Go spire, if >° may spede, Whare was Jiane y pride of mane | jat nowe merres his mede. 53. Six lines of poetry ; perhaps composed by Thornton himself, fol. 213''. Beg. Jhesu Criste, have mercy one me. 54. Here begynnes a Sermone Tfat Dane Joh'n Gaytryge made, y whilke teches how scrifte es to be made, and whare of, and in scrifte how many fhyngej solde be consederide. fol. 213^. Beg. Als a grett doctour schewes in his buke. 55. Hymn to Christ ; in four-line stanzas, fol. 219. Beg. Jhesu, thi swetnes wha moghte it se. Ivi 56. Religious treatise, in prose^^ol. 21 Q'. Beg. Dere frende, wit J)" wele, fat y ende and f soueraynte of perfeccione. 57. Moral Poem. fol. 222. Beg. pi joy be ilke a dele to serue thi Godd to paye. Imperfect at the end, as is the next piece at the beginning, a folio having beeng here torn out. 58. Treatise on Active and Contemplative Life, fol. 223. Beg menne fat ware in prelacye, and ojer also l»at ware haly temporalle menne. 59. Prose religious treatise, fol. 229*". Beg. Wit thou wele, dere frende, Jiat Jiof Jiou had neuer done syne. 60. Of Sayne JoUn Y euaungelist. fol. 231. Beg. Of alle mankynde ])at he made, ])at maste es of myghte. And of \l^ molde merkede and mesvired that tyde. An alliterative poem in stanzas of fourteen lines each, of which the third, fifth, and seventh rhyme, and the second, fourth, sixth and eighth. At the close are six shorter lines, of which the first, second, fourth and fifth rhyme, and the third and sixth. 61. Prose tract on Prayer, fol. 233''. Beg. Prayng es a gracyous gyfte of owre Lorde Godd. 62. De gracia Dei, fol. 240. Beg. Off Goddis grace stirrand and helpand. 63. Hie incipit quedam reitelacio. A Reuelacyone schewede to ane holy wo- mane now one Itite tyme. fol. 250. Beg. Alle manere of thyng fat es by-gunne. This revelation is stated to have occurred on St. Lawrence's day, 1422, which may assist in determining the age of the Manuscript. 64. 65. Two hymns, in Latin, fol. 258. 66. Here hygynnys Sayne Jerome Spaltyre ; in Latin, fol. 258''. Adjoined are various Latin prayers. On the margin of fol. 266 is wrftten in a hand of the sixteenth century, " Dmythy Thornton." Ivii 67. Retiffio Sancii Spiritus religio munda. fol. 271. Beg. Off the Abbaye of Saynte Spirite, that es in a place that es callede Conscyence. A, dere brothir and systirs. This is the well-known treatise of the " Abbaye of the Holy Goste," generally- ascribed by bibliographers to John Alcock, bishop of Ely, who died about 1498. That this statement is erroneous, appears not only from the presumed date of the present MS., but by the fact, that there is a copy of the treatise in the Vernon MS. Bodleian Library, written in the reign of Richard the Second, before Alcock was born ! Among the MSS. preserved in the library at Lambeth, No. 432, art. 2, a copy of this treatise is attributed to Richard Hampole, and this statement is not unlikely to be the true one. 68. A religious Poem. fol. 276''. Beg. The begynnyng es of thre. 69. Ista oraeio qtte sequitur est de vii. gavdia (sic) heate Marie virginis, per sanctum Thomam et Martirem, Cantuariensem episcopum edita, fol. 277**. 70. AnoT^er Salutacioune tille oure Lady, ofhirfyve Joyes ; in Latin, fol. 277''. 71. Ane Antyme to Y Fadir ofheuene, w* a Colett; in Latin, fol. 278. 72. Anoyer anteme of J)' passyoune of Criste Jhesu ; in Latin, fol. 278. 73. A Colecte of grate pardone oon to Crist Jhesu ; in Latin. foL 278. 74. Latin hymn to Christ, fol. 278''. At the top of the page is written, " Thomtone. Misereatur mei Deus ! " 75. A Preyere to )>^ wounde in Crystis syde ; in Latin, fol. 278''. 76. Memento, homo, qwod sinis (sic) es, a Poem in four-line stanzas, each of which rhymes with the same syllable, fol. 279. Beg. Erthe owte of erth : es wondirly wroghte, Erthe hase getyn one erthe : a dignyte of noghte. 77. Hie incipit liber de ditiersis medicinis, etprimo, pro capite, ff. 280-314''. Beg. For werke and vanyte ine y hede. This treatise is imperfect, the latter leaves haying been wholly or partly torn away. The authority of the Rector of Oswaldkirk is often referred to by the com- piler, and the names of Magister Will, de Excestre and Syr Apiltone are also cited. The scribe and compiler of this volume, Robert de Thornton, is stated by Mr. Laing to have held some situation in the cathedral of Lincoln, and afterwards to hare become archdeacon of Bedford, and to have died in May, 1450. The internal h Iviii evidence of the volume is altogether against such a supposition. From the general contents it appears evidently to have been compiled by a native of Yorkshire, and in all probability by a member of the family of Thornton, which was seated in the Wapontake of Rydale, in the North Riding of Yorkshire, in whose possession it remained till the close of the sixteenth century, as appears by the entries on ff. 194 and 266. Compare the pedigree of Thornton in MS. Harl. 6070, fol. 11, in which the same family names occur. The mention of the Sector of OswaMkirh and Syr Apiltone concur to prove this conjecture, since Oswaldkirk and Appleton both lie in the same immediate district. Ritson's supposition (Bibl. Poet, p. 107.), that the compiler of the MS. was the same person as Robert de Thornton, Prior of Bardney, in Lincolnshire, is improbable, but it is possible that he may have been the same who was Vicar of SUkeston in the Deanery of Doncaster, in the year 1425. See MS. Add. 11,400, p. 55. III. MS. Douce, now in the Bodleian Library. It consists of eleven folios of coarse paper, written in a large, inelegant, but very legible character, in the reign of Edward the Fourth. The guide-lines for the scribe have been ruled with a rough plummet, and at the bottom of each leaf is a series of signatures in red, beginning with a, L, and ending with b. in. The large initial letter at the commencement is coarsely colored with red. There are about thirty lines on a page, and no punctua- tion is used except in the middle of a line. On the inside of the cover appears the autograph of "J. Baynes, Grey's Inn, 1781." IV. PoRKiNGTON MS. No. 10. A small quarto volume, written on vellum and paper, in the reign of Edward the Fourth, ff. 211. Its Contents are as follows : 1. Secundum Anticos Grecorum. fol. 1. Beg. The man fat falle> syke >e fyrst day of eny monef . This tract consists of rules for sickness or health on certain days ; the lucky and unlucky days ; rules for the weather ; natures of the planets, etc. ; and concludes with a short chronology, from the beginning of the world to the battle of Agincourt, in 1415. 2. A Calendar of the days, hours, and minutes in each monto. fol. 4. On fol. 4'' occur the names of Griffyth Owen of the county of Carnarvon, and of John Williams, petty constable of the parish of Llanarmon. 3. A Table of the hours of day and night, fol. 5^. 4. Rules regarding Nativities ; in Latin, fol. 6. 5. Explanation of a Calendar made a.d. 1463 (which is missmg) ; of the feast-days, hours of the day, altitude of the sun, etc. fol. Q^. lix 6. Rules for venesection, etc., with a figure, fol. 7- 7. A Table of Eclipses, calculated for the years 1462-1481. fol. 7*. 8. For knowlege of the impressions concerning fe wedyr, fol. S*". Beg. Fyrst it ys to know ]>* that the eyere ys deuyded. 9. For to know in what sygne and degre fe mone ys. fol. 11. 10. Syre Gawene and the Carle of Carelyle. fol. 12. Printed in the present volume, Append. No. I. There is no title to this ro- mance in the MS. A leaf is out of place between ff. 14 and 15, which ought to be fol. 66. 11. Here hegynnythe a schorte treticefor a manne to knowe wyche tyme of the yere hit is best to graffe or to plante treys, and also to make a tre to here a maner frute ofdiuerys colourys and odowrys, w^ many othere thyngys. fol. 27. Beg. When the mone is in tauro, hit is good to plante treys of pepyns. 12. Some other receipts of the same nature, which may be part of the same treatise, fol. 32. 13. Here hegynnythe thecrafte oflymnynge ofbokys, etc. fol. 33. Beg. To temper vermelone to wryte ther w', giynde vermelone one a stone. At the end is added on a scroll the name of the scribe or compiler, " H. Hattun.'' 14. A Poem without title ; in six-line stanzas, fol. S3. Beg. Louely lordynges, ladys lyke, Wyues and maydyns ryallyke. 15. The Tale of Ten Wives ; an amusing but indelicate Poem, in stanzas of six lines, fol. 56*". Beg. Leve, lystynes to me. Two wordys or thre. 16. Complaint of a Lover, in four-line stanzas, fol. 59''. Beg. Lord, how schalle I me complayne. 17. Moral Poem, in stanzas of four lines, fol. 61. Beg. As I went one my playing. 18. Vision of St. Philibert, or Disputation between the Body and the Soul ; in stanzas of seven lines ; translated from the Latin, fol. eS*". Beg. The fadyr of pytte and most of myserycorde. h2 Ix 19. Moral Poem, in stanzas of five long lines and one short one. fol. 19^ Beg. Erthe vppon erth is wonndyrly -wrojte. A much enlarged copy of the poem in the Lincoln MS. A. 1. 17. fol. 279. 20. Mourning of the Hare. fol. 81*. Beg. Bi a forrest as I gane fare. A much better and fuller copy than that printed in Hartshorne's Metrical Tales, p. 165 ; from MS. More, Ff. v. 48. 21. The Kny^te his wyfe, in couplets, fol. SS""- Beg. Ther was a knyjt in a cu[n]ttre, Y ryche man was wont to be. 22. The holly mane sente Marttayne. fol. 86''. Beg. As he lay in his wesione. 23. Narracyone of sente Tantene. fol. 87. Beg. Saynt Antony also manny a tyme. 24. Poetical address to the Virgin ; in four-line stanzas, fol. 87''. Beg. Off alle f' bryddus J>' euer jeyt were. 25. For f molde f* ysfallone doune ; a receipt in prose, fol. 89*". 26. Several more receipts of a similar description, fol. 90. 27. Her begynnethe f lyfe ofY fflonts uergyne seynt Katryne, f wyche lyffe was vrryiyne of Athanaysus, })' gret doctor; in prose, fol. 91. Beg. In Y grete cite of Alexandyr ther was a kynge. 28. A strange prosaical medley; in the form of an epistle, fol. 129. Beg. A, syre. A, je syr, and je, syr Johne. 29. Be trewe, and holde J)* je have hyjt ; in stanzas of eight lines, fol. 130. Beg. Be trewe, and holde )>' je haue h^^te. 30. A similar poem, by the same author, fol. 130''. Beg. A, dere God, haue I deservyd this. * 31. Here bethe the Staicyons of Rome ; in prose, fol. 132. Beg. In Rome bethe ii<=. paresche churchs. Ixi At the end is ■written, " Explycyt tracius de indulgencia romana svue apostolica.'' 32. The good vryfe wold a pylgremage ; in four-line stanzas, fol. IBS'". Beg. The good wyf wold a pylgremage Vnto >= holly loode. A similar poem to the present, intitled, " How the Goods Wif thaught Mr Daughter," was edited by me from a MS. in the possession of C. W. Loscombe, Esq., of Pickwick House, Wilts, 8vo. 1838. 33. The Friar and the Boy. fol. 139. Beg. God J' dyed for vs aUe, And dranke bo]j« eyselle and galle. A better and fuller copy than that printed by Ritson, in his Pieces of Ancient Popular Poetry, p. 35 ; but it omits all the lines after 1. 397, and concludes with twenty-one difiFerent lines instead. 34. A Poem without title ; in stanzas of eight lines, fol. ISO. Beg. As I stod in a ryalle haulle. 35. A ludicrous Poem ; in couplets, fol. 152. Beg. Herkons to my tale Ji* I schalle here schow. At the conclusion we read " Explycyt trutallys." A similar strange composition is printed by Hartshorne, p. 145. 36. Epistle to a lady; in couplets, fol. 154. Beg. Honowre w" alle mannere of heylle. 37. Have my hert; in eight-line stanzas, fol. 154'*. Beg. Have alle my hert, and be in peys. 38. Poem without title; in stanzas of four lines, fol. \SQ^. Beg. As I cam by a forrest syde. 39. The Sege of Jerusalem; in prose, fol 157*". Beg. Al men ]>' wylle here of J»^ sege of Jerusaleme. At the end, " Her enddyth y sege of Jerusaleme." 40. Terms of Venery, etc., taken from Juliana Barnes, fol. 184. 41. Sentences in verse, fol. 187*. Beg. Aryse erlly. And serve god dewoutly. ]xii 42. Extracts from Juliana Barnes' Treatise of Hawking, fol. ISS^ 43. Prophecy of Merlin, fol. 192. Beg. When ]>« cocke in J>= norths hathe byld his neste. Printed among the Collection of Ancient Scottish Prophecies, pp. 6-9, reprinted for the Bannatyne Club from Waldegrave's edition, 1603. 44). Letter from Balteser, son of the King " of Sarsyn," to the Duke of "Borgeyne" [Burgundy], fol. 193''. Beg. Baltesere, be \^ grace of Mahounde, sone of J)« kynge of Sarsyn. 45. This hyne Y presentacyons f' J)' lordus of Y ''^ftfy of Vennes haue present to oure fader Y pope geneste {agenste'] Y Torhe. fol. 194. 46. A Poem without title ; in stanzas of twelve lines, fol. 195. ^ Beg. Timor mortis conturhat me, Thys is my song in my olde age. A diiferent poem with the same burthen, composed by Lydgate, is in MS. Harl. fol. 128''. and Dunbar also adopted the same refrain in his Lament for the Makkaris, vol. i. p. 211, ed. Laing, 8vo, 1834. This and the three following articles are written by a different hand. 47. Seven moral lines, fol. 198. Beg. Dysseyte disseyvethe. 48. Carol, or song. fol. 198. Beg. Mery hit ys in May momyng. 49. Another, fol. 198''. Beg. The ster he schynythe hoy^ nj^te and day. 50. Carol, or religious poem. fol. 200. Beg. Why, why, what ys fis, why hit ys. 51. A Christmas carol, in Latin and English, fol. 201. Beg. Christe qui lux est, etc. A baby ys borne, vs blys to brynge. 52. Carol, fol. 202. Beg. Hey, hey, hey, hey, f^ borrys hede is armyd gay. Probably imperfect. It differs much from the Boars-head Carols printed by Ritson and Sandys. Ixiii 53. Moral Poem, in the form of a dialogue, fol. 203. Beg. Be a forrest as I gane walke. At the end is the colophon, " Eocplycyt Marcy and Ry^ttusnis." 54. The Marchand. fol. 207''. Beg. Lystons, lordyngus, I yow pray'. It is imperfect, ending with 1. 214 of Ritson's edition in Pieces of Popular Poetry, p. 77. It contains many various readings from the printed text. V. MS. Douce. A small quarto volume, ff. 48, written on paper, in the year- 1564, and illustrated with rude colored drawings. It contains transcripts of several Romances, apparently taken from editions earlier than Copland's. 1. Here begynneih the hystorye of the valyaunte knyght, Syr Isenhras. It contains several variations from Copland's edition, but is imperfect, ending with 1.411. 2. Syr Degore. The MS. commences at 1. 415 of Copland's edition, as reprinted by Utterson, and is very imperfect. At the end is written, " Here endeth the Tretyse of Syr Degore." In Heber's sale, Lot 556, was an unique copy of an edition by Wynkyn de Worde, from which perhaps this transcript was made. 3. Jeaste of Syr Gawayne. Printed in the present Volume, Append. No. II. It commences imperfectly, and at the end is drawn a device of a shield bearing three fleurs de lis, supported by two angels. Beneath are the initials E. B., which are probably those of the tran- scriber. See Notes, p. 348. 4. Syr Eglamoure. This is also imperfect. Dr. Bliss has in his possession some fragments of an edition earlier than that of Copland's, which perhaps may have served for the text of the present transcript. At the end of this MS. is a device of the letters IHS, and the date 1564, the period of its completion. VI. The Percy MS. Now in the possession of Ambrose Isted, Esq., of Ecton Hall, Northamptonshire. A minute account of the volume, with a list of the first fifty-nine articles in it, is given in Dr. Dibdin's Bibliographical Decameron, vol. iii. pp. 338-344. I had intended to have completed this list, when indulged with a sight of the volume in 1831, but I was unable to accomplish my wish. Four ro- mance-poems are printed from it in the present Volume for the first time. Ixiv VII. MS. Rawlinson, marked C. 86, in the Bodleian Library, and formerly belonging to Knox Ward, Esq., Clareneeux king of Arms. It is a small folio, and consists of two distinct portions. The first, extending from fol. 1 to fol. 30 inclusive, is written on vellum and paper in a late hand of the fifteenth century. It contains a long English poem on the Passion of Christ. Prefixed is a rude illumination of the crucifixion. Beg. Off gostly maters I wylle meve. At the end is : " Explicit Passio Domini nostri Jhesu Christi, composita a quo- dam sapientissimo in maiiema lingua, videlicet AngKcorum, hominihus non intellf- gentibus scripturarum sensus." And below we read : " Isle liber constat . . . (blot) . . . Wi/llm'tis Aylysburrey, monachus Sancfi Saluatoris de Bermvdesay'' The second portion consists of 159 leaves, and is written on paper in a negligent hand towards the close of Henry the Seventh's reign. The principal contents are as follows. 1. Unconnected moral sentences, fol. 31. Beg. Vtter thy langage wythe good avisement. 2. Policronica ; a prose geographical tract, fol. 31 ''. Beg. Josephus of Jewes ]>' nobyl was the flrste auctour of the booke of Policronica. 3. TTie tale ofjdk and his Stepdame. fol. 52. Beg. God that died for vs alle. Printed by W. de Worde, and thence reprinted by Ritson in Pieces of Ancient Popular Poetry, 8vo. 1791. p. 35. Other manuscript copies, all of which differ much from each other, exist in MS. More, Ee. 4. 35. (which was printed by Mr. Wright, in I2mo. Pickering, 1836.) and MS. Porkington, No. 10, f. 139. 4. Four lines of doggerel poetry, in English and Latin, fol. 59. Beg. Syng I wold, but alas ! discedant prospera grata. 5. Fabula ; a poem of eight stanzas of eight lines each. fol. 59 ''. Beg. Whenne men motythe of byrdys of gret gentree. The burden of each stanza is, " pulle of her bellys and let her flye." It is pro- bably composed by Lydgate, but is not found in Ritson's list of his writings. 6. A poem without title, by Lydgate ; No. 61. of Ritson's list. foL 61. Beg. For helthe of body couere for colde thyne hede, 7. A poem by Lydgate ; No. 214. of Ritson. fol. 62^ Beg. Beholde, mane, lyfte vp thy eye and se. Ixv 8. A Poem consisting of fourteen eight-line stanzas. The subject is an ad- dress of Christ to man. fol. 65. Beg. Late as I wente one myne pleyng. 9. A Poem on the same subject, in eleven stanzas of twelve lines each. fol. 67. Beg. Thys is Goddis owne compleynte. Cf. MS. Lambeth. 853. p. 81. 10. A Poem by Lydgafe, being a Lamentation of the Virgin on Christ's Passion ; No. 201 of llitson. fol. 69^ Beg. In a tabernacle of a towre. 11 . A Poem in ten eight-line stanzas, the burden of which is " I wite my self myne owne wo." fol. 71. Beg. In my youthe fulle wylde I was. Cf. MS. Lamb. 853. p. 226. 12. A Poem containing the Lamentation of our Lady, in twelve eight-line stanzas, fol. 72''. Beg. In a chirche as I gane knele. 13. A Poem in eleven twelve-line stanzas, of which the burden is, " Filius Regis mortuus est" fol 74;'^. Beg. As Jhesu rewlithe myne recheles mynde. Cf. MS. Lamb. 853. p. 74. 14. Fabula; a Poem by Lydgate, on the mutability of human affairs, in twenty-two seven-line stanzas, fol. 77. Beg. The worlde so wyde, the ayre so remeveabille. Other copies occur in MSS. Harl. 7333, f. 192, 2251, f. 23^ 2255, f. 14, and Trin. Coll., Cambr., R. 3, 21. On the authority of the first of these, Ritson attri- butes it to one " squiere Halsam." 15. A Poem by Lydgate, in commendation of virtue; No. 95 of Ritson. fol. 79". Beg. As of hony menne gadrene swetnesse. 16. A Poem by Lydgate, against self-love; No. 99 of Ritson. fol. SI*. Beg. Towarde thende of frosty January. Printed at the end of an edition of Lydgate's " Proverbes ;" by W. de Worde. See Collier's Catalogue of the Library at Bridgewater House, p. 179, 4to. 1837. i Ixvii 25. Landavalk. fol. 119. Beg. Sothely by Arthurys day Was Bretayue yn grete nobyle. This is the Romance of Launfal, but varies very considerably from the copy in MS. Cott Calig. A. II., printed by Ritson, Mefy-. Horn., vol. ii. p. 170 ; and in Way's FcMiaux, vol. iii. p. 233, 8vo. 1815. Another copy is in the Lambeth MS. 305. f. 73 ; and a modernised text is preserved in the Percy MS. 26. The Weddynge of S' Gawene and Dame Ragnelh. fol. 19&^. Printed in the present volume, Appendix, No. VIII. This is the identical poem referred to erroneously by Warton as existing in one of the Tanner MSS. (See Notes. p. 358.) For its discovery, (after the greater part of the sheets of this work was printed off,) I am indebted to the Rev. Henry O. Coxe, Assistant Librarian of the Bodleian Library, who most kindly and promptly undertook a transcript, which was subsequently compared by myself with the Manuscript. It is, unquestionably, the original of the mutilated poem in the Percy folio, and is sufficiently curious to ren- der its insertion in the Appendix an object of interest, although, had I been earlier aware of its existence, some change would probably have been made in the arrange- ment. The title in the MS. is added by a later hand, and the poem itself is very carelessly written, so that several lines appear occasionally omitted. An entire page, containing lines, is, unfortunately, wanting. 27. Tabula; a Poem. by Lydgate; No. 120, of Ritson. fol. 141. Beg. Ther is fuUe lytel sicurnesse. The burden of this poem, which consists of nine eight-line stanzas, is, " That now is hay summe tyme was grasse." Ritson inserts it in his list. No. 120, on Speght's authority, but gives no reference to any MS. 28. Gwyscard and Segismonde. fol. 142*. Beg. Prol. O wofulle worlde, deceyver of mankynde. Work. Whylome was ther an hyghe and myghty prynce. It differs from the version of this story by Walter, of which a MS. copy exists in Trin. Coll. Cambr. R. 3.20, and which was printed by W. de Worde. See Ritson's Bibl. Poet. p. 108. 29. Poem, consisting of six stanzas of seven lines each. fol. 155''. Beg. Myne hert is set vppone a lusty pynne. At the end is, " Finis, quod Quene Elyzaheth ;" by whom must be meant the queen of Henry the Seventh ; but she is not mentioned as an authoress by Walpole. 30. Grysaie. fol. 156". Beg. Ther is rygbte atte west syde of Italie. Ixviii This is the Ckrke of Oxenforde's Tale, in Chaucer, f. xli% edit. Speght, 1602. 31. Latin verses, fol. 174. Beg. Carmina qui letus ceciui, cano tristia meatus. 32. Poem in seven-line stanzas, on the murder of a child by the Jews. fol. 174". Beg. O goode Lorde, thyne name how mervelous. This is the Prioresses Tak, in Chaucer, f. Ixv. edit. 1602. It is, however, in- cluded among Lydgate's writings in ]MSS. Harl. 2251, f. 69", and 2382, f. 97 ; whence Ritson has carelessly inserted it in his list, No. 239. 33. Poem on Ihe Expedition of Henry the Fifth into France; fol. 178. Beg. God that alle this world gane make. Attributed to Lydgate in MS. Harl. 565, f. 502 ; and thence printed by Sir H. Nicolas, in the Chronicle of London, p. 216. A large portion was previously printed by Hearne, at the end of Tho. de Elmham, p. 359, from MS. Cott. Vitell. D. XII. At the end of the present copy is written, " Explicit per Johannem JReve Free," who may be the transcriber. 34. Poem on the reigns of the English kings, from William I. to Henry VI. fol. 187. Beg. This myghti William, duke of Normandy. Attributed to Lydgate in many MSS., and printed by W. de Worde, 4to. 1530 ; as also by Hearne, in Append, to JRohert of Ghmcester, vol. ii. p. 585. A copy in MS. Harl. 2251, f. 2", has an additional stanza on the reign of Edward the Fourth. Ixix MARKS OF ABBREVIATION. d' de, as, knelyd', had', welcomyd', knelyde, hade, welcomyde. er, as |> , ou J 0)7 , aut , m Jje, ther, ouer, aunter, merthe. After the letter p it is expressed by re, as, p fed, p wey, presed, prewey. f es, as, kryftf, lyjtf, ftrikf, welterf, krystes, ly^tes, strikes, welteres. h he, as, high, i nogh, wygh, with, burhch, highe, in-noghe, vyyghe, withe, burliche. h* hit. V, U', ft le, lie, as, hondel', hanfell', aft, wift, fematts, hondele, hanselle, alle, wille,femalles. In MSS. of the fifteenth century ft is used even with the final e. m me, as, tyih, J^am, hem, seldom, tyme, thame, heme, seldome. n ne, as, arfi, myn, aii, iythen, arne, myne, ane, sythene ; it sometimes has the power of nne, as, gun, ]7efi, whefi, gunne, thenne, whenne. p per, as, paueture, f leg, pile, perauenture, sleper, perile. g pro, as, guinces, pfered, prouinces, profered. % q*, quod. " ra, as, g"y}jed, g"cos, g^ce, p"yde, graythed, gracons, grace, prayed. r re, as, her , fair, sekoir', fyr , here, f aire, sekore, syre. ' ri, as, c'ftmalTe, t'fel, cristmasse, trifel. ^ ru, as, t"e, true, i ser, syr. fpial, special. Tp", the. |j*, thei; sometimes thi. Y, this. ]>\ that. ]>", thou, " ur, as, to'nayed, co't, gou'no*, yo", tournayed, court, gouernour, ymir. ' ur, as, Gayno"", yo"^, Gaynour, your. ^ us, as, Brut^, ho^, })^, ded^, ell®, Brutus, hous, thus, dedus, ellus ; v® is written for us. w*, tmth. A short stroke over a letter denotes the absence of m or ra, as, trames, tresou, hy, i, etc., trammes, tresoun hym, in, k anb g>^r (ilaVDap anti tjje (3xmt Hn^^t S [FYTTE THE FIRST.] [foi. 91.] /"^ IpEN ]je fege & >e affaut watj fefed at Troye, pe bor3 brittened & brent to brondej & afkej, pe tulk Jjat Jje trames of trefou ]P wro5t, Watj tried for his tricherie, J>e treweft on erthe ; Hit wat5 Ennias Ipe athel, & his high kynde, pat fijien depreced puinces, & patroues bicome __ Welneje of al J»e wele i )»e weft iles, Fro riche Romvilus to Rome ricchis hy fwyjje, W* gret bobbauce Jjat burje he biges vpon fyrft, & neuenes hit his anne nome, as hit now hat ; lo Ticius to Tufkan [turnes,] & teldes bigynes ; Langaberde I Lubardie Ij^es vp homes ; & fer ou' J?e French flod Felix Brut^ On mony bonkkes ful brode Bretayn he fette3, ^ y > i» Where werre, & wrake, & wonder, Bi fyjjej hatj wont f me, &*oft bo>e blyffe & bluder Ful fkete hatj fkyfted fyne. B 2 SYR GAWAYN AND THE GRENE KNYJT. II. Ande quen J>is Bretayn wat5 bigged bi Jiis burn rych, 20 Bolde bredden Jjer ine, baret J^at lofden, In mony turned tyme tene J^at wrojten ; Mo ferlyes on f is folde ban fallen here oft pen in any o]P J^at I wot, fyn Jjat ilk tyme. Bot of alle IpaX here bult of Bretaygne kyges -25 Ay watj Arthur ]>e hendeft, as I haf herde telle ; [fol. gib.] For J)i an aut' in erde I attle to fchawe, pat a feUy in fi5t fume men hit holden, & an outtrage awenture of Arthurej wond'ej ; If je wyl lyften J^is laye bot on littel quile, m t * I fchal telle hit as tit as 1 1 tou herde, As hit is ftad & ftoken, In ftori ftif & ftronge, W* lei lett'es loken, ar, I londe fo hatj ben longe. III. pis kyg lay at Caraylot vpon kryft-maffe, W* mony luflych lorde, lede3 of Ipe beft, * Rekenly of Jie roude table alle ])0 rich hre]P, W rych reuel oryjt, & rechles m'J^es ; 40 p' tonayed tulkes bi tymej ful mony, lufted ful jolile J^ife gentyle kni3tes, Syjjen kayred to ]>e court, caroles to make. For J)er ]>e feft watj ilyche ful fiften dayes. With alle ]>e mete & Jie mirfie J^at me couj^e a-vyfe ; « Such glaumande gle glorio^ to here, Dere dyn vp on day, daufyg on nyjtes. SYR GAWAYN AND THE GRENE KNY3T. Al wat5 hap vpon heje i hallej & chambrej, With lordej & ladies, as leueft hi ]po^t ; With all J>e wele of Jje worlde )jay woned ]P famen, pe moft kyd knyjtej vnder kryftf feluen, & J^e louelokkeft ladies Jiat eu' lif haden, & he ]}& comlokeft kyg J^at Ipe court haldes. For al wat5 yis fayre folk i her firft age, ' JJe hapneft vnder heuen, Kyg hyeft mo of wylle. Hit were ' now gret nye to neue So hardy a here 5 hille. IV. Wyle nw 5er watj fo 5ep j^at h* wat5 nwe cumen, pat day doubble on ]>e dece watj )>e douth ferued. Fro jie kyg watj ciimen w* knyjtf i to jje halle, pe chautre of Jje chapel cheued to an ende ; Loude crye watj J^er keft of clerkej & oj'er, [foi. 92.] Nowel nayted o newe neuened fill ofte ; & fylpea riche forth runen to reche honde-felle, jejed jeres jiftes on hi3, jelde hem bi bond. Debated bufyly aboute ]>o giftes ; Ladies lajed ful loude, J>03 'jpa.j loft haden, & he Jjat wan watj not wrothe, J>* may je wel trawe. Alle Ipis mirjie J^ay maden to 'jpe mete tyme ; When )>ay had wafchen, worjjyly Jjay wenten to fete, pe heft burne ay abof, as hit heft femed ; Whene Guenore ful gay, grayj^ed I Ipe myddes, Dreffed on J»e dere des, dubbed al aboute, ' werere, MS. 6 SYR GAWAYN AND THE GRENE KNYJT. Smal feudal bifides, a felure hir ou? Of tryed Toloufe, of Tars tapites i nog!i, pat were enbrawded & beten wyth Jje beft gemes, ,, • j J3at myjt be preued of prys wyth penyes to bye, J)e comlokeft to difcrye, per glent w* yjen gray, A femloker Jjat ev? he fyje, Soth mojt no mon fay. V. Bot Arthure wolde not ete til al were ferued, es He wat5 fo joly of his joyfnes, & fu quat child gered, His lif liked hy lyjt, he louied ])e laffe Au]P to lenge lye, or to longe fitte, '* So bified him his jonge blod & his brayn wylde ; & alfo ano]P maner meued hi eke, so pat he Jiurj nobelay had nomen, he wolde neu? ete Vpon fuch a dere day, er hy deuifed were Of fu auentur^ J»yg an vncouj'e tale. Of fu mayn m'uayle, Jiat he myjt trawe. Of alderes, of armes, of oj^ auentur^, m 0]P fu fegg hy bi-fojt of fu fiker knyjt. To joyne wyth hy i iuftyg in joparde to lay, Lede hf for lyf, leue vchon o]P, As fortune wolde fuUu ho ]>e fayrer to haue. pis wat? [the] kyges coutenauce where he i cd't were, , . , „ A, , V ;^.^.f - , . -. inhalle; At vch tarand felt amog his ire meny, per fore of face fo fere, [fol. 92".] He ftijtlej ftif i ftalle, > Of of. MS. SYR GAWAYN AND THE GRENE KNYJT. Ful jep I ]>at nw jere, Much mirthe he mas w* alle. VI. Thus y ftondes I ftale jje ftif kyg his feluen, Talkkande bifore \)e hyje table of trifles ful hende ; There gode Gawan watj gj])ed, Gwenore bifyde, & Ag"uayn a la dure mayn on ]jat oj^ fyde fittes, no Bojje fe kyges fift' fues, & ful fiker knijtes ; Bifchop Bawdewyn abof bi-ginej fe table, & Ywan, Vryn fon, ette wit hyfeluen ; pife were di5t on J^e des, & derworjjly ferued, & fijjen mony fiker fegge at J^e fidbordej. ns J)e J>e firft cors come with crakkyg of trupes, Wyth mony baner ful bryjt, Jjat J»er bi henged, Nwe nakryn noyfe w* ]>e noble pipes, Wylde werbles & wyjt wakned lote, pat mony hert ful hi3e hef at her towches ; 120 Dayntes dryuen jper wyth of ful dere metes, Foyfou of J»e frefche, & on fo fele difches, pat pine to fynde Jie place J>e peple bi-forne , , For to fette J^e fyluen', Jjat fere fewes balden, lobe lede as he loued by felue per laght w' outen lojie, Ay two had difches twelue, Good ber, & bryjt wyn bojje. VII. Now wyl I of hor feruife fay yow no more, 130 For vch wy3e may wel wit no wont Jiat y were , II ful clene 8 SYR GAWAYN AND THE GRENE KNYJT. An o]P noyfe ful newe nejed biliue, pat J>e lude myjt haf leue liflode to each. For vnejie watj J^e noyce not awhyle fefed, & ]>e fyrft cd"ce i ])e co"t kyndely ferued, 135 per hales i at Jie halle dor an aghlich mayft', On fie moft on ]>e molde on mefure hygii ; Fro fe fwyre to Ipe fwange fo fware & fo ]>i]i., & his lyndes & his lymes fo longe & fo grete, [foi. 93.] Half etayn I erde I hope Jjat he were. wo Bot mon moft I algate myn hy to bene, & Jiat ye myrieft i his muckel ]jat myjt ride ; For of bak & of breft al were his bodi ftume, Bot his wombe & his waft were worthily fmale, & alle his fetures fol5ande, i forme J>at he hade, For wonder of his hwe me hade, Set i his femblaut fene ; He ferde as freke were fade, & ou' al enker grene. leo VIII. Ande al grayjied i grene J^is gome & his wedes, A ftrayt cote ful ftrejt, J»at ftek on his fides, A mere mantile abof, menfked w* ine, W* pelure pured apert ]>e pane ful clene, W* blyj^e blautf ful bryjt, & his hod bofie, 155 pat watj lajt fro his lokkej, & layde on his fchulderes ; Heme wel haled hofe of J^at fame grene, pat fpenet on his fparlyr, & clene fpures vnder. Of bryjt golde, vpon filk hordes, barred ful ryche, & fcholes vnder fchankes, J»ere ]>e fchalk rides ; m & alle his vefture uerayly watj clene v'dure. SYR GAWAYN AND THE GRENE KNY?T. Bo])e Jie barres of his belt & o]f blyfie ftones, p' were richely rayled i his aray clene, Aboutte hy felf & his fadel, vpon filk werkej, pat were to tor for to telle of tryfles ]je halue, m pat were enbrauded abof, wyth bryddes & fly3es, With gay gaudi of grene, \>e golde ay i myddes ; " pe pendautes of his payttrure, ]>e proude cropure, His molaynes, & alle Jje metail anamayld was J^ene, pe fteropes Jjat he ftod on, ftayned of ])e fame, 170 & his arfou5 al after, & his ajjel fturtes, pat euer glemed & glent al of grene ftones. ^ pe fole ])at he ferkkes on, fyn of J^at ilke, ^ ' A grene hors gret & Jjikke, 175 A ftede ful ftif to ftrayne, 1 brawden brydel quik, [foi. 93b.] To ]>e gome he watj ful gayn. IX. Wei gay watj Jjis gome gered i grene, & ]>e here of his bed of his hors fwete ; iso Fayre fannand fax vmbe-foldes his fchulderes ; A much herd as ' a bufk ou^ his breft henges, pat wyth his hijlich here, J^at of his bed reches, Wat3 enefed al vmbe-torne, a-bof his elbowes, pat half his armes j^er vnder were halched i ]>e wyfe iss Of a kyge5 capados, >at clofes his fwyre. pe mane of j^at mayn hors much to hit lyke, Wei crefped & cemed wyth knottes ful mony, Folden i wyth fildore aboute J^e fayre grene, ' as as, MS. c 10 SYR GAWAYN AND THE GRENE KNYJT. Ay a herle of Jje here, an ojj' of golde ; iso pe tayl & his toppyg twynen of a fute, & bouden holpe wyth a bande of a bryjt grene, Dubbed wyth ful dere ftonej, as }»e dok lafted, Syjjen Jjrawen wyth a Jiwong a fwarle knot alofte, per mony bellej ful bryjt of brende golde rungen. m Such a fole vpon folde, ne freke Jjat hy rydes, t , . Wat? neu? fene i fat fale wyth fy3t er Jjat tyme, He loked as layt fo lyjt, So fayd al Jjat hy fyje, aw Hit femed as no mon my5t, Vnd^ his dynttej dryje. X. WheJ)' hade he no helme ne hawbrgh nauj)', Ne no pyfan, ne no plate J^at pented to armes, Ne no fchafte, ne no fchelde, to fchwne ne to fmyte, 206 Bot i his on honde he hade a holyn bobbe, pat is gratteft T grene, when greuej ar bare, & an ax i his o^, a hoge & vn-mete, A fpetos fparjie to expou i fpelle quo fo myjt ; pe hede of an eln3erde ]>e large lenkjje hade, 21,0 pe grayn al of grene ftele & of golde hewen, pe bit burnyft bryjt, w* a brod egge. As wel fchapen to fchere as fcharp rafores ; pe ftele of a ftif ftaf fe fturne hit bi-grypte, [foi. 94.] pat watj wauden wyth yrn to jje wandej ende, 215 & al bigrauen w' grene, 1 g"c5s werkes ; A lace lapped aboute, J»at louked at Jie hede, & fo aft' I»e halme halched ful ofte, Wyth tryed taffelej j^erto tacched i nogfte, SYR GAWAYN AND THE GRENE KNYJT. 11 On botouj of Jie bry3t grene brayden ful ryche. 220 pis ha]jel heldej hy i, & ]>e halle ejitres, Driuande to }>e he3e dece, dut he no woj^e, Haylfed he neu? ane, bot heje he ovP loked. pe fyrft word ]jat he warp, " wher is," he fayd, " pe gou'no" of Jjis gyg ? gladly I wolde _ . „ 22s Se ]3at fegg i fyjt, & w' hy felf fpeke, ^ To knyjtej he keft his yje, & reled hy vp & dou. He ftemmed & con ftudie, 230 Quo wait ]>er moft renou. XI. Ther watj lokyg on lenjje, ]>e lude to be-holde, For vch m5 had meruayle quat hit mene myjt, pat a hajjel & a horse myjt fuch a hwe lach. As growe grene as J^e gres & grener hit femed, 235 pen grene aumayl on golde lowande bryjt' ; Al ftudied fat ]P ftod, & ftalked hy nerre, Wyth al J»e wonder of Jie worlde, what he worth fchulde. For fele fellye3 had J^ay fen, bot fuch neu' are, For J>i for fajatou & fayryje ]>e folk Jjere hit demed ; 240 per fore to anfware watj ar3e mony aj>el freke, & al ftouned at his fteuen, & fton-ftil feten. In a fwogli fylence }»ur3 J^e fale riche, 11 - 1, ^ As al were flypped vpon flepe fo flaked horlote3, I deme hit not al for doute, Bot fu for cortayfye, Bot let hy Jiat al fchulde loute, Caft vnto Jjat wy5e. c 2 12 SYR GAWAYN AND THE GRENE KNYJT. XII. pen Arjjcf bifore \>e hij dece J^at auenture byholdej, 250 & rekenly hy reu'enced, for-rad was he neu', & fayde, " wyje, welcu iwys to J>is place, [fol. 94b.] pe hede of J)is oftel Artho" I hat ; Lijt luflych adou, & lenge, I J)e praye, & quat fo J>y wylle is, we fchal wyt aft'." 255 " Nay as help me," q, J>e ha}iel, " he J)at on hyje fyttes. To wone any quyle i J^is won, hit wat5 not my ernde ; Bot for J>e los of ]je lede is lyft vp fo hyje, & J>y bur5 & Jiy burnes beft ar holden, Stifeft vnder ftel-gere on ftedes to ryde, 200 pe wyjteft & J^e wor]jyeft of Jie worldes kynde, Preue forto play wyth in o]P pure laykej ; & here is kydde cortayfye, as I haf herd carp, & J>at hatj wayned me hider, I wyis, at fis tyme. 3e may be feker bi j^is brauch Jjat I here here, 266 pat I paffe as 1 pes, & no plyjt feche ; For had I fouded i fere, i fejtyg wyfe, I haue a haubergh at home & a helme bojje, A fchelde, & a fcharp fpere, fchinande bryjt, Ande djf weppenes to welde, I wene wel als, 270 Bot for I wolde no were, my wedej ar foft'. Bot if Ji° be fo bold as alle burnej tellen, „ p" wyl g'nt me godly ]>e gomen Jjat I afk, ^^ ' Artho" con onfware, 275 & fayd, " fcortays knyjt. If ))" craue batayl bare. Here faylej ]?" not to fyjt." SYR GAWAYN AND THE GRENE KNYJT. 13 XIII. " Nay, frayft I no fy3t, i fayth I ]>e telle, Hit am aboute on J>is bench bot berdle} chylder ; 280 If I were hafped i armes on a he3e ftede, Here is no mon me to mach, for my3te5 fo wayke. For Jjy I craue i Jjis co"t a cryftemas gome, For hit is 50I & nwe jer, & here ar jep mony ; If any fo hardy i J>is ho^ holdej hy feluen, 285 Be fo bolde i his blod, brayn 1 hys hede, pat dar ftifly ftrike a ftrok for an o]P, I fchal gif hy of my gyft jjys giferne ryche, pis ax, Jjat is heue i nogh, to hondel' as hy lykes, [fol. 95.] & I fchal bide ]>e fyrft bur, as bare as I fitte. 290 If any freke be fo felle to fonde }jat I telle, Lepe lyjtly me to, & lach JjIs weppen, I quit clayme hit for evP, kepe hit as his auen, & I fchal ftonde hy a ftrok, ftif on Jjis flet, \\ y, ] EUej ]j" wyl dijt me ])e dom to dele hy an oj?', ' 295 & jet gif hy refpite, A twelmonyth & a day ; Now hyje, & let fe tite Dar any her ine ojt fay." soo XIV. If he hem ftowned vpon fyrft, ftiller were fane AUe ]>e hered-men i halle, \>e hyj & }e loje ; pe renk on his rouce hy niched i his fadel, & runifchly his rede yjen he reled aboute, Bende his brefed brojej, blycande grene, nos & lere ; 14 SYR gawaVn and The grene icnYjT. Wayued his berde for to wayte, quo fo wolde ryfe ? When non wolde kepe hy, w* carp he cojed ful hy3e, And rimed hy ful richty, & ryjt hy to fpeke : " What, is ]jis Ar])ures ho^," cj, ])e ha]jel Jjene, " pat al J^e ro^ renes of, Jjurj ryalmes fo mony ? sio Where is now yo" fo"quydrye & ycf c5queftes, Yo" gryndel-layk, & yo" greme, & yo" grete wordes ? Now is ]>e reuel & ]>e renou of j^e roude table Ou'-walt wyth a worde of on wy3es fpeche ; For al dares for drede, w* oute dynt fchewed ! " 315 Wyth Jiis he lajes fo loude, ]jat ]>e lorde greued ; pe blod fchot for fcham i to his fchyre face, He wex as wroth as wynde. So did alle J^at j^er were, ssu pe kyg as kene hi kynde, pe ftod Jjat ftif mon nere. XV. Ande fayde, " haj>el, by heuen ]jy afkyg is nys, & as ])" foly hat3 frayft, fynde }>e be-houes ; I know no gome Jjat is gaft of ])y grete w^ordes. 32s Gif me now ]?y geferne, vpon godej halue, & I fchal bayjjen J>y bone, Jjat }>" boden habbes." [fol. 95b.] Lyjtly lepej he hy to, & la3t at his honde ; pen feerfly fat o]P freke vpon fote ly3tis. Now hat3 Arthure his axe, & ])e halme grype3, 3?,o & fturnely fture5 hit aboute, J)at ftryke wyth hit ]j03t. pe ftif mon hy bifore ftod vpon hy3t, Herre Jjen ani in Jie ho^ by J^e hede & more ; Wyth fturne fchere J»er he ftod, he ftroked his berde, & wyth a coiitenauce dry3e he dro5 dou his cote, m SYR GAWAYN AND THE GRENE KNY3T. 15 No more mate ne difmayd for hys may dinte3, pen any burne vpon bench hade brojt hy to drynk, •'^ Gawan, Jiat fate bi ]>e quene, To ]>e kyg he can enclyne, 340 " I be-feche now w' fajej fene, pis melly mot be myne." XVI. " Wolde je worj^ilych, lorde," q, Gawan to J^e kyg, " Bid me boje fro ]jis benche, & ftonde bj' yow }>ere, pat I wyth oute vylanye my5t voyde j^is table, 345 & Jiat my legge lady lyked nat ille, I wolde com to ycf coufeyl, bifore yo" cort ryche. For me J>ink hit not femly, as hit is foj? knawen, p' fuch an afkyg is heuened fo hyje 1 ycT fale, paj 3e 50° felf be talenttyf to take hit to yo*" feluen, 350 Whil mony fo bolde yow aboute vpon bench fytten, pat vnder heuen, I hope, non hajer er of wylle, Ne bett^ bodyes on bent, fer baret is rered ; I am ]>e wakkeft, I wot, & of wyt febleft, & left lur of my lyf, quo laytes J»e fo]?e, 355 Bot for as much as je ar myn em, I am only to prayfe, No boute bot yo" blod I in my bode knowe, & fyl^en fis note is fo nys, y nojt hit yow falles, & I haue frayned hit at yow fyrft, foldej hit to me, & if I carp not comlyly, let aUe ]>is cort rych, ' Kyche to-geder con rou, & fyjjen J^ay redden alle fame. To ryd ]>e kyg wyth crou, & gif Gawan ]>e game. 365 16 SYR GAWAYN AND THE GRENE KNYJT. XVII. [fol. 96.^ pen comauded J)e kyg ])e knyjt for to ryfe j & he ful radly vp ros, & ruchched hy fayre, Kneled doti bifore 'jpe kyg, & cachej J^at weppen ; & he luflyly hit hy laft, & lyfte vp his honde, & gef hy goddej bleffyg, & gladly hy biddes 370 J»at his hert & his honde fchulde hardi be bojie. " Kepe J)e cofyn," q, J>e kyg, "Ipat J)" on kyrf fette, & if Ji" rede5 hy ryjt, redly I trowe, pat )>" fchal byden "jpe bur )iat he fchal bede aft'." Gawan gotj to Jie gome, w' giferne i honde, 375 & he baldly hy bydej, he bayft neu' J»e helder. pen carppej to i Gawan J>e kny3t i ])& grene, " Refourme we oure forwardes, er we fyrre paffe. Fyrft I ejpe 'jpe, ha)?el, how J^at ]?" hattes, pat J»" me telle truly, as I tryft may ?" sso " In god fayth," q, ]>e goode knyjt, " Gawan I hatte, pat bede y>e fiis buffet, quat fo bi-fallej aft', & at J>is tyme twelmonyth take at ])e anoj)', Wyth what weppen fo J?" wylt, & wyth no wyj elle], ^ pat oy onfwarej agayn, " Sir Gawan, fo mot I l^ryue, As I am ferly fayn, pis dint \dX Y fchal dryue." XVIII. " Bi gog," g, ])e grene knyjt, " i Gawan, me lykes, -m pat I fchal fange at Jiy fuft J'at I haf frayft here ; & Jj" hat5 redily rehersed, bi refou ful trwe. SYR GAWAYN AND THE GRENE KNYJT. 17 Clanly al Jie couenaut Jiat I ]>e kyge afked, Saf J^at Ji" fchal fwer me, fegge, bi J>i trawlpe, J7at ))" fchal feche me ])i felf, where fo J?" hopes ssu I may be funde vpon folde, & fych J»e fuch wages As Jj" deles me to day, bifore Ipis dou|7e ryche." " Where fchulde I wale J>e," q Gauan, " where is Jjy place ? I wot neu? where J?" wonyes, bi hy J^at me wrojt, Ne I know not ]}e, knyjt, Jiy cort, ne ])i name. 400 Bot teche me truly Jier to, & telle me howe )?" hattes, & I fchal ware alle my wyt to wyne me J>eder ; [foi. gei.] & Jiat I fwere j)e for fo)>e, & by my feker trawejj." " }3at is in nogh in nwe jer, hit nedes no more," q Ipe gome i J>e grene to Gawan J>e hende, 405 " Gif I ]>e telle trwly, quen I j>e tape haue, & Ji" me finojiely hatj fmyten, fmartly I Jie teche Of my ho^, & my home, & myn owen nome, pen may Jj" frayft my fare, & forwardej holde, & if I fpende no fpeche, J^ene fpedej J?" ]>e bett', ,, 1 ^ ri i^ ^'^ For J>" may leng i J»y londe, & layt no fyrre, Ta now Jjy gryme tole to fe, & let fe how J»" cnokej." " Gladly f, for fo>e," 4i5 q Gawan ; his ax he ftrokes. XIX. The grene knyjt vpon groude grayjiely hy dreffet A littel lut w* fe hede ]>e lere he difkoue'j, His longe lonely ch lokkej he layd ou' his crou. Let \ie naked nee to Jje note fchewe. 420 Gauan gripped to his ax, & gederes hit on hyjt, pe kay fote on Jje folde he be-fore fette, D 18 SYR GAWAYN AND THE GRENE KNYJT. Let hit dou lyjtly ly3t on ]>e naked, JJat Tpe fcharp of fe fchalk fchyndered ])e bones, & fchrak Jjurj J>e fchyire grace, & fcade hit i twyne, 425 JJat J)e bit of fe brou ftel hot on Ipe groude. J7e fayre hede fro ]pe halce hit [felle] to J>e erjie, J)at fele hit foyned wyth her fete, Ipere hit forth roled ; pe blod brayd fro J^e body, y blykked on ]>e grene ; & naw)7er falt'ed ne fel Jie freke neu? fe helder, 430 Bot ftyj)ly he ftart forth vpon ftyf fchonkes, & ruyfchly he rajt out, J>ere as renkkej ftoden, Lajt to his lufly hed, & lyft hit vp fone ; & fyj»en bojej to his blonk, J>e brydel he cachchej, Steppe3 i to ftel bawe, & ftrydej alofte, 435 & his hede by Ipe here i his honde haldej ; & as fadly ]pe fegge by i his fadel fette, n - ft HH As non vnhap had by ayled, ]pa^ hedlej ho we', ' He brayde his bluk ' aboute, 440 [foi. 97.] pat vgly bodi fat bledde, Moni on of hy had doute, Bi })at his refouj were redde. XX. For Ipe hede in his honde he haldej vp euen, To-ward jpe derreft on fe dece he dreffe3 j>e face, 445 & hit lyfte vp jje yje-lyddej, & loked ful brode, & meled Jr* much w* his muthe, as je may now here. " Loke, Gawan, ]?" be grayjie to go as )?" hettej, & layte as lelly til J)" me, lude, fynde, As jj" hatj hette i Jjis halle, herande J»ife knyjtes ; 4so ' he were ? * blunk ? Wid^U^ff^'-i W6lhngtcH,S'PSt9'anei. SYR GAWAYN AND THE GRENE KNYJT. 19 To Jje grene chapel Ip^ chofe, I charge J^e to fotte, Such a dunt as Jj" hatj dalt differued Jj" habhej, To be 5ederly jolden on nw jeres morn ; JJe knyjt of ]pe grene chapel men knowen me mony ; For J»i me for to fynde if ]?" frayftej, faylej ]j" neu^, 455 per fore com, oj? recreaut be calde, ]>e be-houes." With a runifch rout ]>e raynej he torne3, HaUed out at )»e hal-dor, his hed 1 his hande, J?at Jie fyr of J>e flynt fla5e fro fole houes. To quat kyth he be-com, knwe non here, „ , , , _ „ ^T 9 1-1- r. V« v T, 4. - llwhat]7ene? Neu'^ more pen pay wyite tr m quep en he watj wonen, J3e kyg & Gawen Ipaxe, At J>at grene J»ay laje & grene, jet breued watj hit ful bare, 465 A m'uayl am5g jpo mene. XXI. paj Arjr' Jie hende kyg at hert hade wonder. He let no femblaut be fene, hot fayde ful hy3e To f e comlych queue, wyth cortays fpeche, " Dere dame, to day demay yow neu' ; 470 Wei by-c5mes fuch craft vpon c'ftmaffe, Laykyg of enfludej, to la5e & to fyng, Amog J»ife, kynde caroles of knyjtej & ladye5 ; Neu' ]>e lece to my mete I may me wel dres, For I haf fen a felly, I may not for-fake." 475 He glent vpon f Gawen, & gaynly he fayde, " Now #, heng vp J^yn ax, J^at hatj I nogh hewen." [foi. 97b.] & hit wat5 don abof Ipe dece, on dofer to henge, per alle men for m'uayl myjt on hit loke, & hi trwe tytel J? of to telle Ipe wonder. 4s« D 2 20 SYR GAWAYN AND THE GRENE KNY3T. J)ene J>ay bojed to a borde J^ife burnes to-geder, pe kyg & Ipe gode knyjt, & kene me he ferued Of alle dayntyej double, as derreft my5t falle, Wyth alle maner of mete & mynftralcie bote ; „ • , j -.,r , , , , , 1 •, 111 iQ londe. Wyth wele wait pay pat day, til worped an ende, 485 Now jienk wel, f Gawan, For wojie J»at J"" ne wonde, pis auenture forto frayn, pat Ji" hat3 tan on honde. 490 [FYTTE THE SECOND.] I. This hanfeir hatj Arthur of auenturus on fyrft. In jonge jer, for he jerned jelpyg to here, Thaj hym wordej were wane, when Jiay to fete wenten ; Now ar Jiay ftoken of fturne werk ftaf-ful her bond. Gawan watj glad to be-gyne J>ofe gomne3 i halle, Bot J'a3 Ipe ende be heuy, haf 3e no wonder ; For )7a3 man be mery in myde, quen Jjay ban mayn drynk, A 5ere 5ernes ful 5erne, & 3elde3 neu' lyke, pe forme to "jpe fynifment folde3 ful felden. For Ipi )jis 30I ou^-3ede, & J)e 5ere aft', & vche fefou ferlepes fued after o]P ; After cryften-maffe com Jje crabbed lentou, pat frayfte3 flefch wyth ]>e fyfche & fode more fymple ; Bot l^ene y>e weder of jte worlde wyth wynter hit ]7repe3, SYR GAWAYN AND THE GRENE KNYJT. 21 Colde clengej adou, cloudej vp lyften, m Schyre fchedej j>e rayn I fchowrej ful war me, Fallej vpon fayre flat, flowre5 fere fchewen, Bojie groudej & ]>e greuej grene ar her wedej, Brydde3 bufken to bylde, & bremlych fygen, .i >,• v, t For folace of fe fofte fom' J»at fues Jjer aft?, ' m & bloffuej bolne to blowe, Bi rawej rych & ronk, pe note3 noble i noje, [foi. 98.] Ar herde in wod fo wlonk. m II. Aft;er ]>e fefou of fom' wyth J>e foft wyndej, Quen jefer^ fyflej hy felf on fedej & erbej, Wela wyne is }»e wort J>at woxes J>er oute, When J»e donkande dewe dropej of fe leue3, To bide a blyfful blufch of pe bryjt fune. sm Bot ]>e hyjes herueft, & hardenes hy fone, Wamej hy for }»e wynter to wax ful rype ; He dryues wyth drojt J>e duft for to ryfe, Fro j>e face of \)e folde to flyje ful hy3e ; WroJ>e wynde of Jie welkyn wraftele3 w' fe fune, 525 pe leue3 lancen fro J>e lynde, & ly3ten on J>e groude, & al grayes ]>e gres, fat grene wat3 ere ; pene al rype3 & rote3 fat ros vpon fyrft, & p 3irne3 fe 3ere i 3ifterdaye3 mony, ^^ & wynter wynde3 a5ayn, as fe worlde afke3, sao Til me5el-mas mone, Wat3 cuen wyth wynter wage ; pen Jienkke3 Gawan ful fone, Of his amo^ uyage. 535 22 SYR GAWAYN AND THE GRENE KNY^T. III. 3et quyl al-hal-day w* Ar}>' he lenges, & he made a fare on y feft, for ]>e frekej fake, W* much reuel & ryche of Jje roude table ; Kny3te5 ful cortays & comlych ladies, Al for luf of Jjat lede i longyge J^ay were, 64o Bot neu' J^e lece ne Jje lat' J^ay neuened hot m'jje, Mony ioyle3 for Jiat ientyle iapej jjer maden. For aftter mete, w' mcfnyg he mele3 to his eme, & fpeke3 of his paffage, & pertly he fayde, " Now, lege lorde of my lyf, leue I yow afk ; 545 3e knowe ]je coft of ]>is cace, kepe I no more To telle yow tene3 ]>er of neu? bot t'fel ; Bot I am boti to J»e bur barely to morne, To fech ]>e gome o{]>e grene, as god wyl me wyffe." pene ])e heft of J^e bur3 bo3ed to-geder, 550 Ay wan, & Errik, & o]P ful mony, [fqi. asb] f Doddinaual de Sauage, ]>e duk of Clarence, Launcelot, & Lyonel, & Lucan ]>e gode, i Boos, & fir Byduer, bigme bojje, & mony oji' menfkful, w' Mador de la Port. 655 AUe J)is compayny of court com }ie kyg nerre, For to coufeyl Jie kny3t, with care at her hert ; pere wat3 much derne doel driuen I J^e fale, pat fo worthe as Wawan fchulde wende on jjat ernde, To dry5e a delful dynt,- & dele no more, ' pe kny3t mad ay god chere, & fayde, " quat fchuld I wonde. Of deftines derf & dere, What may mon do bot fonde ! " Mi SYR GAWAYN AND THE GRENE KNYJT. 23 IV. He dowellej Jjer al Jjat day, and dreffej on J»e morn, Afkej erly hys arme3, & alle were Jjay brojt ; Fyrft a tule tapit, tyjt ou' J>e flet, & miche watj ]>e gyld gere j)at glent ]>er alofte ; pe ftif mon fteppej ^eron, & Jje ftel hondele3, '''* Dubbed i a dublet of a dere tars, & fyj^en a crafty capados, clofed aloft, pat wyth a bryjt blauner was bouden w* me ; pene fet Jiay ]>e fabatouj vpon ]>e fegge fotej, His lege3 lapped i ftel w' luflych greuej, 57* W polayne3 piched Jjer to, policed ful clene, Aboute his kne3 knaged wyth knote3 of golde ; Queme quylTewes ]>e, Jjat coyntlych clofed , His thik Jjrawen J'y3e3, w' Jjwonges to-tachched ; & fyjjen Jjc brawden bryne of bry3t ftel ryge3, m Vmbe-weued fat wy3, vpon wlonk ftuflfe ; & wel bornyft brace vpon his bojje armes, W erode cowters & gay, & gloue5 of plate, „ , . . , o 1, , 1, T , . 1^- A ij battyde; m & aUe ]7e godlych gere pat hy gayn fchulde, Wyth ryche cote armure. His gold fpore3 fpend w* pryde, Gurde wyth a bront ful fare, W filk fayn vmbe his fyde. [foi. 99.2 When he wat3 hafped i armes, his harnays wat5 ryche, 590 pe left lachet ou' loupe lemed of golde ; So harnayft as he wat3 he herkne3 his maffe. 24 SYR GAWAYN AND THE GRENE KNYJT. OflFred & honored at ]>e heje auter ; Syjjen he comej to Jie kyg, & to his cort feres, Lache3 lufly his leue at lorde3 & ladye3 ; sm & Jjay hy kyft & conueyed, bikende hy to kryft. Bi ]jat wat3 Gryngolet grayth, & gurde w* a fadel, pat glemed ful gayly w' mony golde frenges, Ay quere naylet ful nwe for }>at note ryched ; pe brydel barred a-boute, w' bryjt golde bouden ; m pe apparayl of Jie payttrure, & of J^e proude fkyrte3, pe cropore, & ]je couertor, acorded wyth ]>e arfoue3 ; & al wat3 rayled on red ryche golde nayle3, pat al glytered & glent as glem of ]>e fune. pene hentes he J^e helme, & haftily hit kyffes, «05 pat wats ftapled ftifly, & ftoffed wyth ine ; Hit wat3 hy3e on his hede, hafped bihynde, Wyth a ly3th vryfou on? J'e auentayle, Enbrawden & bouden wyth }>e beft geme3, On brode fylkyn horde, & brydde3 on feme3, "lo As papiaye3 paynted pernyg bitwene, Tortors & trulofe3 entayled fo ]jyk, h - *■ - As mony hurde J>er. aboute had be feue wynf, pe cercle wat3 more o prys, "is pat vmbe-clypped hys crou. Of diamaute3 a deuys, pat bojje were bryjt & brou. VI. Then Jjay fchewed hy Jie fchelde, Jjat was of fchyr goule3, Wyth Jie pentangel de-paynt of pure golde hwe3 j «jo He brayde3 hit by ]>e bauderyk, a-boute ])e hals keftf , pat bifemed ]>e fegge femlyly fayre. 1 mote SYR GAWAYN AND THE GRENE KNYJT. 25 & quy ]je pentangel apendej to jjat prynce noble, I am i tent yow to telle, ]>oi tary hyt me fchulde ; Hit is a fygne J>at Salamon fet fu quyle, 625 i bytoknyg of trawj^e, bi tytle )jat hit habbej, [foi. 99t>.] For hit is a figure Jiat halde3 fyue poynte5, & vche lyne vmbe-lappe3 & loukej I o)ier, & ay quere hit is emdelej, & Englych hit callen ou^ al, as I here, ]>e endeles knot. sso For Jjy hit acordej to Jjis kny^t, & to his cler armej, For ay faythful i fyue & fere fyue fyfej, Gawan watj for gode knawen, & as golde pured, Voyded of vche vylany, wyth vertuej encf ned. For ])j ])e pentangel nwe He her i fchelde & cote. As tulk of tale moft trwe, & gentyleft knyjt of lote. VII. Fyrft he watj funden fautle5 1 his fyue wyttej, 64o & efte fayled neu' \>e freke i his fyue fyngres, & aUe his afyauce vpon folde watj i J>e fyue woude3 J)at cryft kajt on ]>e croys, as ]>& crede telle3 ; & quere fo eu^ J>ys mon I meUy watj ftad, His Jjro Jiojt wat5 i fat jjurj alle o]P J'ygej, 645 pat alle his forfnes he fong at J^e fyue ioye3, pat ]>e hende heuen queue had of hir chylde ; At J^is caufe fe kny5t comlyche hade i Jje more half of his fchelde hir ymage depaynted, pat quen he blufched Jjerto, his belde neu' payred. 6so pe fyft fyue Ipat I finde fat fe frek vfed, Watj frauchyfe, & fela3fchyp, for be al fyg 26 SYR GAWAYN AND THE GRENE KNY^T, His clannes & his cortayfye croked were neu',- & pite, J»at paffej alle poyntej, }>yfe pure fyue Were harder happed on }>at haj?el ])e on any o]P. ess Now alle J>efe fyue fyj^ej forfojje were fetled on J^is knyjt, & vchone halched in oJ>', J»at noii ende hade, & fyched vpon fyue poynte3, j^at fayld neu', Ne famned neu' i no fyde, ne fundred nouJ>er, W outen ende at any noke i quere ' fynde, eeo Where eu' Jje gomen bygan, or glod to an ende. per fore on his fchene fchelde fchapen watj ]>& knot, p^ alle wyth red golde vpon rede gowlej, ^ .-.- -lit Till i"^ lore. 665 [foi. 100.] pat IS pe pure pentaungel wyth fe peple called. Now grayj^ed is Gawan gay, & lajt his lauce ry3t J>ore, & gef hem alle goud day. He wende for eu' more. vni. He fperred fe fted w* Jie fpurej, & fprong on his way, m So ftif Ipat J>e fton fyr ftroke out "jper aft' ; Al Jiat fej J>at femly fyked i hert, & fayde fojily al fame fegges til oy, Carande for J>at comly, " hi kryft, hit is fcajie, J3at Jj", leude, fchal he loft, fat art of lyf noble ! 675 To fynde hys fere vpon folde, i fayth is not ej?e ; Warloker to haf wrojt had more wyt bene, & haf dy5t jonder dere a duk to haue worJ>ed ; A lowande leder of lede3 i londe hy wel femej, & fo had bett' haf ben Jje britned to nojt, m • ay quere ? SYR GAWAYN AND THE GRENE KNYJT. 27 Hadet wyth an aluifch mon, for angardej pryde. Who knew eu? any kyg fuch coufel to take, As knyjtej i cauelouj on cryft-maffe gomnej ! " Wei much wat3 J>e warme water y waltzed of yjen, ,. , j , , When Jjat femly fyre fojt fro Jio wonej, '^ He made non abode, Bot wyjtly went hys way, Mony wylfu way he rode, fe bok as I herde fay. em IX. Now ridej Ipis renk Jjurj J^e ryalme of Logres, € Gauan on godej halue, J^aj hy no gomen J»05t ; Oft leudlej alone he lengej on nyjtes, per he fonde no3t hy byfore Ipe fare J^at he lyked ; Hade he no fere bot his fole, hi frythej & douej, mi Ne no gome bot god, hi gate wyth to karp. Til J>at he nejed ful nogfe * i to Jie Norjie Walej ; AUe ])e iles of Anglefay on lyft half he haldej, & farej ou^ J^e fordej by J)e for-londe^, Ou? at Jie Holy-IIede til he hade eft bonk, 700 I "jpe wyldreneffe of Wyrale ; wonde J^er bot lyte [foi.ioo''.] pat aiM]P god oj*'-" gome wyth goud hert louied. & ay he frayned, as he ferde, at frekej ]?at he met, K Ipaj hade herde any karp of a knyjt grene, i any groude Ipev aboute, of Ipe grene chapel ' ; 705 & al nykked by wyth nay, )>at neu' i her lyue pay fe3e neu? no fegge j^at watj of fuche hwej, ^ pe knyjt tok gates ftraunge, ' f at ? « nygt ? 3 clapel, MS. E 2 28 SYR GAWAYN AND THE GRENE KNY3T. i mony a bonk vn-bene, 710 His cher ful oft con chauge, pat chapel er he myjt fene. X. Mony klyf he ou? clambe i contrayej ftrauge, Fer floten fro his frendej fremedly he rydej ; At vche warj)e oJ>er wat' J>er ]>e wy3e paffed, 715 He fonde a foo hy byfore, hot ferly hit were, & Jjat fo foule & fo felle, )iat fejt hy by-hode ; So mony nr'uayl bi mout jr* J)e mon fyndej, Hit were to tore for to telle of Jje tenjie dole. Sumwhyle wyth wormej he werrej, & w* wolues als, 720 Suwhyle wyth wodwos, Ipat woned i Jje knarre3, Bdpe wyth buUej & berej, & bore3 oy quyle, & etayne3, Jiat by a-nelede, of ])e he^e felle ; Nade he ben du3ty & dry5e, & dry3tyn had ferued, Douteles he hade ben ded, & dreped ful ofte. 725 For werre wrathed by not fo much, )iat wyt' was wors, When }>e colde cler wat' fro ]>e clpude3 fchadden, & fres er bit falle my3t to ]>& fale erjie ; Ner flayn wyth fe flete he fleped i his jrrnes, Mo ny3te3 ])e I nogfe i naked rokke5, -m ]f as clat'ande fro ])e creft Ipe colde borne rene3, & henged he3e ou' his hede i hard iiffe ikkles. pus i peryl, & payne, & plytes ful harde, Bi contray carye3 J>is kny3t, tyl kryft-maffe euen, pe kny3t wel J)at tyde, To Mary made his mone, pat ho by red to ryde, [foi. 101.] & wyffe hy to fu wone. SYR GAWAYN AND THE GRENE KNYJT. 29 XI. Bi a moute on ]>e morne meryly he rydes, 740 Into a foreft ful dep, fat ferly wat3 wylde, Hije hillej on vche a halue, & holt wodej vnder, Of hore okej fill hoge a hundreth to-geder ; pe hafel & ]>e haj-Jjorne were harled al famen, W* roje raged moffe rayled ay where, 745 W* mony brydde5 vnblyj'e vpon bare twyges, pat pitofly }»er piped for pyne of ]>e colde. pe gome vpon Gryngolet glydej hem vnder, purj mony mify & myre, m5 al by one, Carande for his coftes, left he ne ketf fchulde 750 To fe Jie ferny of J>at fyre, J>at on J^at felf nyjt Of a burde watj borne, oure baret to quelle ; & Jierfore fykyg he fayde, " I be-feche ]>e, lorde, & Mary, J>at is myldeft moder fo dere, Of fu herber, Jier hejly I my3t here maffe, 755 Ande Jiy matyne5 to-morne, mekely I afk, ,, & ])er to preftly I pray my pat^ & aue, He rode i his prayere, & cryed for his myfdede, rso He fayned by i fyj'es fere, & fayde " cros kryft me fpede ! " xn. Nade he fayned by felf fegge bot 'jprye, Er he watj war i Ipe wod of a won 1 a mote, Abof a laude, on a lawe, loken vnder bo5e3, 765 Of mony borelych bole, aboute bi j^e diches ; II i hafte ; 78o 30 SYR GAWAYN AND THE GRENE KNY3T. A caftel J>e comlokeft ]iat evP kny3t ajte, Pyched on a prayere, a park al aboute, W* a pyked palays, pyned M Jiik, J?at vmbe-teje mony tre mo Ipe two myle. 770 pat holde on J>at on fyde Jie hajiel auyfed, As hit fcliemered & fclion Jiurj Jie fcliyi-e okej ; pene hatj he hendly of his helme, & he3ly he J'onkej Jefus & fay Gilyan, Jiat gentyle ar hojpe, [foi-ioib.] pat cortayfly hade hy kydde, & his cry herkened. 775 " Now bone hoftel," cofe Ipe burne, " I be-feche yow jette ! " pene gedere5 he to Gryngolet w* J^e gilt helej, & he ful chaticely hat^ chofen to fe chef gate, pat brojt bremly fe burne to ])e bryge ende, pe bryge watj breme vp brayde, pe jatej wer ftoken fafte, pe wallej were wel arayed, Hit dut no wyndej blafte. XIII. pe burne bode on bonk, ]>at on blonk houed, 7S5 Of J>e depe double dich }>at drof to ]>e place, pe waUe wod I )>e wat' wonderly depe, Ande eft a ful huge he3t hit haled vpon lofte. Of harde he wen fton vp to J^e table5, Enbaned vnder ])e abataylmet, i ]>e beft lawe ; 790 & fyjien garytej ful gaje gered bi-twene, Wyth mony luflych loupe, J>at louked ful clene ; A bett' barbican J>at burne blufched vpon nevP ; & inermore he be-helde jjat halle ful hyje, Towre telded bytwene trochet ful Jiik, 795 Fayre fylyolej Jjat fyjed, & ferlyly long, SYR GAWAYN AND THE GRENE KNYJT. 31 With coruon coproues, craftyly fleje ; Chalk whyt chymnees fer ches he i noje, Vpon baftel rouej, J^at blenked ful quyte ; So mony pynakle payntet wat3 poudred ay quere, boo Amog ]>e caftel carnelej, clambred fo ]>ik, pat pared out of papure purely hit femed. pe fre freke on J»e fole hit fayr i noghe ' fiojt, If he my^t keu' to com Jje cloyft^ wyth ine, To herber i J^at hoftel, whyl halyday lefted, ' He calde, & fone J»er com A porter pure plefaut, On Jie wal his ernd he nome, & hayHed Jje knyjt eryaut. sio XIV. " Gode f," q Gawan, " woldej J)" go my ernde, To j>e hej lorde of Jiis ho^, herber to craue ?" [fol. 102.] " je, Pet'," q ])e port', " & purely I trowe*, pat 36 be, wyje, welcu to won quyle yow lykej." pe jede J?^ wyje ajayn fwyjje, sis & folke frely by wyth, to fonge pe knyjt ; pay let dou J»e grete drajt, & derely out jeden, & kneled dou on her knes' vpon ]>e colde erpe, To welcu Jjis ilk wy3, as worjjy hom J^ojt ; pay jolden by fe brode jate, jarked vp wyde, sao & he hem rayfed rekenly, & tod ou' J^e brygge ; Sere feggej by fefed by fadel, queP he ly5t, & fyljen ftabeled his ftede ftif me i noje. Kny5te5 & fwyerej cdmen dou Jiene, ' nghe, MS. ^ trowoe, MS. ' quyle ? 32 SYR GAWAYN AND THE GRENE KNYJT. For to bryg J^is burne ' wyth blys i to halle ; 825 Quen he hef vp his hehne, J>er hi3ed I nogli For to hent hit at his honde, ]?e hende to feruen ; His bronde & his blafou bo]?e J>ay token. pe haylfed he ful hendly j^o ha]7ele3 vch one, & mony proud mon ]>er p'fed, }»at pryce to bono" ; sm Alle hafped i his hej wede to halle }>ay by wonen, per fayre fyre vpon flet ferfly brened. pene J»e lorde of J^e lede loutej fro his chambre, For to mete wyth menfke J^e mon on Jje flor; He fayde, " 3e ar welcu to welde as yow lykej, „ pat here is al is yowre awen, to haue at yowre wylle, *' Graut mercy," g, Gawayn, " per kryft hit yow for-jelde," As frekej Jiat femed fayn, sm Ayjr* oj*' i armej co felde. XV. Gawayn gly5t on ]>e gome Jjat godly by gret, & )ju5t hit a bolde burne J>at J^e burj a3te, A hoge ha])el for ]>e none3, & of hygli elde^ ; Erode bry5t wat3 his berde, & al beu' hwed, 84j> Sturne ftif on ]?e ftry]j}?e on ftalworth fchonke3, Felle face as Jje fyre, & fre of hys fpeche ; & wel by femed for fojje, as ]>e fegge J;u3t, To lede a lortfchyp i lee of leude5 ful gode. [fol. io2i>.] pe lorde by charred to a chambre, & chefly ' cuaiide3 sso To delyu' hym a leude, hym lo3ly to feme ; & )>ere were bou at his bode burne3 i no3e, ' buurne, MS. « eldee, MS. ^ clefly, MS. SYR GAWAYN AND THE GRENE KNYJT. 33 pat bro5t hy to a bryjt boure, ]P beddyg watj noble, Of cortynes of clene fylk, wyth cler golde hemej, & coTi'torej ful curious, w* comlych paiiej, sss Of bryjt blaunn^' a-boue enbrawded bifydej, Rudelej renande on ropej, red golde rygej, Tapyte3 ty3t to ]>e woje, of tuly & tars, & vnder fete on ])e flet of fol3ande fute. per he watj difpoyled, wyth fpeche3 of my'^Jje, mo pe burn of his bruny, & of his bryjt wedej ; Ryche robes ful rad renkkej hem brojten, For to charge, & to chaunge, & chofe of Jje beft. Sone as he on bent, & happed ]>' ine, pat fete on hym* femly, wyth faylande fkyrte?, ms pe ver by his uifage verayly hit femed Welnej to vche hafel alle on hwes, Lowande & lufly, alle his lyme? vnder, „ , , ^ , , , o •, r T hem pojt ; 870 pat a comloker knyjt neu-' krylt made, Whej^en I worlde he were, Hit femed as he my3t Be prynce w' outen pere, i felde ]P felle me fyjt. XVI. A cheyer by-fore ]>& chemne, ]P charcole brened, srs Watj grayjjed for i Gawan, grayjiely w' clojiej, Whyffynes vpon queldepoyntf , ]>a koyt wer bofe ; & Jjene a mere mantyle watj on J^at mon caft, Of a brou bleeaut, enbraiided ful ryche, & fayre furred wyth ine w* fellej of fe beft, m • blaunm', MS. "^ hyn. MS. 34 SYR GAWAYN AND THE GRENE KNYJT. AUe of ermyn i erde, his hode of ]>e fame ; & be-fete i Jjat fettel femlych ryche, & achaufed hy chefly', & Jiene his cher mended. Sone watj telded vp a tapit, on treftej ful fayre, Clad wyth a clene do}»e, fat cler quyt fchewed, 885 Sanap, & falure, & fylu' i fponej ; [foi. 103,] pe wyje wefche at his wylle, & went to his mete. Seggej hym ferued femly i no3e, Wyth fere fewes & fete, fefoude of j^e beft, Double felde, as hit fallej, & fele kyn fifchej ; am Sume baken i bred, fume brad on J)e gledej, Sume foj^en, fume i fewe, fau'ed w' fpyces, & ayfawes fo fle3e3, fat fe fegge lyked. pe freke calde hit a feft ful frely & ofte, , _. Ful hendely, quen alle f e hafeles re-hayted hy at onej, " pis penauce now 5e take, & eft hit fchal amende ; " pat mon much m'fe con make, For wy i his hed fat wende. 900 XVII. pene watj fpyed & fpured vpon fpare wyfe, Bi preue poyntej of fat prynce, put to hy feluen, pat he be-knew cortayf ly of f e court fat he were, pat af el Arthure f e hende haldej hy one, pat is f e ryche ryal kyg of f e roude table ; 905 & hit watj Wawen hy felf fat i fat won fyttej, Comen to fat kryftmaffe, as cafe hy fen lymped. When f e lorde hade lerned fat he f e leude hade, 1 cefly, MS. & fyge ; SYR GAWAYN AND THE GRENE KNY3T. 35 Loude lajed he Jj'at, fo lef hit hy fojt, & alle Jje men i J^at mote maden much joye, 910 To apere I his prefenfe preftly J»at tyme, pat alle prys, & prowes, & pured fewes Apendes to hys perfou, & prayfed is eu?, By-fore alle men vpon molde, his menfk is fe moft. Vch fegge ful foftly fayde to his fere, 915 " Now fchal we femlych fe flejtej of }>ewe3, & fe teccheles termes of talkyg noble, Wich fpede is i fpeche, vnfpurd may we lerne, Sy we haf fonged Jjat fyne fader of nurture ; God hat5 geuen v^ his g"ce godly for fojje, 920 pat fuch a geft as Gawan grautej v^ to haue, When burnej bly]je of his burjjc fchal fitte, i menyg of man'ej mere, [foi.1031'.] pis burne now fchal v^ bryg, 925 I hope Jjat may hy here, Schal lerne of luf-talkyg." XVIII. Bi l^at ]>e diner watj done, & J^e dere vp. Hit watj nej at ]>e nyjt' nejed fe tyme ; Chaplaynej to J»e chapeles chofen fe gate, Rugen fill rychely, ryjt as fay fchulden, To f e herfu euenfong of f e hyje tyde. pe lorde loutes f erto, & f e lady als, i to a comly clofet coyntly ho entrej ; Gawan glyde3 ful gay, & gos f eder fone ; 935 pe lorde laches hy by f e lappe, & ledej hy to fytte, ' mjit, MS. F 2 130 36 SYR GAWAYN AND THE GRENE KNY3T. & coujjly hy knowej, & call 63 hy his nome, & fayde he watj ]>e welcomeft wyje of J>e worlde ; & he hy Jjonkked Jroly, & ayj?' halched oj^er, & feten foberly famen J»e feruife-quyle ; S40 pene lyft J^e lady to loke on Jie knyjt. pene com ho of hir clofet, w' mony cler burde5, Ho watj ]>e fayreft i fella, of flefche & of lyre, & of compas, & cold", & coftes of aUe o]P, & wener Jjen Wenore, as j^e wyje J)03t. 945 He ches J'ur3 Jie chaufel, to cheryche J^at hende ; An dper lady hir lad hi J>e lyft honde, pat wat3 alder j^en ho, an aucian hit femed, & he3ly honowred w* hajieles aboute. Bot vn-lyke on to loke Jjo ladyes were, 950 For if J)e 3onge wat3 jep, 50136 wat3 y oJj' ; Riche red on Jiat on rayled ay quere, Rugh ronkled cheke3 J»at o]P on rolled ; Kerchofes of }iat on wyth mony cler perle5 Hir breft & hir bry3t J^rote bare difplayed, 905 Schon fchyrer }>e fnawe, Jiat fcheder on hille3 ; pat oj)' wyth a gorger wat3 gered ou' J»e fwyre, Chymbled otf hir blake chyn w' mylk-quyte vayles, Hir frout folden i fylk, enfoubled ay quere, Toret & trejeted w* tryfle3 aboute, m [foi.104.] pat no3t wat3 bare of Jiat burde bot Ipe blake bro3es,. pe tweyne y3en, & ])e nafe, ])e naked l)rppe3, & ]jofe were foure to fe, & feUyly blered ; . , A menfk lady on molde mo may hir calle, ' Hir body wat3 fchort & J>ik, Hir buttoke3 bay & brode. More lykker-wys on to lyk, 'Wat3 j)aX fcho hade on lode. SYR GAWAYN AND THE GRENE KNYJT. 37 XIX. When Gawayn glyjt on y gay, y g"cio^ly loked, 970 Wyth leue lajt of ])e lorde he went hem ajaynes ; pe alder he haylfes, heldande ful lowe, pe loueloker he lappej a lyttel I arme3, He kyffes hir comlyly, & kny5tly he melej ; pay kallen hy of a quoytauce, & he hit quyk afkej 975 To be her feruaitt fothly, if hem felf lyked. pay tan hy bytwene hem, wyth talkyg hy leden To chambre, to chemne, & chefly J^ay afken Spyce3, Jiat vn-fparely me fpeded horn to bryg, & jje wyne-lych wyne ]P w' vche tyme. sso pe lorde luflych aloft lepej ful ofte, Myned m'the to be made vpon mony fyj^ej, Hent he3ly of his hode, & on a fpere henged, & wayned horn to wyne }ie worchip ]>er of, pat moft myrjie myjt mene ]?' cryftenmas whyle ; 983 " & I fchal fonde, bi my fayth, to fylt' wyth ])e beft, Er me wont Ipe wedej, w' help of my frendej." p^ wyth la3ande lote3 Jie lorde hit tayt^ make3, .^ For to glade i Gawayn w' gomne3 I halle, Til Jjat hit wat3 tyme, pe kyg comaudet ly3t, £ Gawen his leue con nyme, & to his bed hy di3t. layti 38 SYR GAWAYN AND THE GRENE KNYJT. XX. On J^e morne, as vch mon mynej J^at tyme, ssi pat dryjtyn for oure deftyne to de3e wat5 borne, Wele waxej I vche a won i worlde, for his fake ; So did hit Jiere on )>at day, J^urj dayntes mony ; [fol. 104^.] Bojje at mes & at mele, meffes ful quaynt ; Derf men vpon dece, dreft of j>e beft. looo pe olde aucian wyf hejeft ho fyttej ; pe lorde lufly herby lent, as I trowe ; Gawan & Jie gay burde to-geder J>ay feten, Euen i myddej, as "jpe meffe metely come ; & fyjjen J^urj al jpe fale, as hem beft famed, loos Bi vche grome at his degre gylpelj watj ferued. p' watj mete, }>er wat3 myr)ie, J>' watj much ioye, pat for to telle }ierof hit me tene were, & to poynte hit jet I pyned me paueture ; Bot jet I wot Jjat Wawen & Jje wale burde loio Such comfort of her compaynye cajten to-geder, purj her dere dalyauce of her derne wordej, Wyth clene cortays carp, clofed fro fylj'e ; & hor play watj paffande vche prynce gomen, Trupej & nakerys, Much pypyg }>' repayres, Vche mo tented hys, & ]>a.j two teted J^ayres. XXI. Much dut watj J^er dryuen "pat day & ]jat oy, loau & Jie J^ryd as J>ro J>ronge i J^eraft' ; i vayres ; SYR GAWAYN AND THE GRENE KNY3T. 39 pe ioye of fayn Jonej day wat3 gentyle to here, & watj }ie laft of J^e layk, leudej J>ef Jjojten. per wer geftes to go vpon J)e gray morne, For J?y wonderly J>ay woke, & J>e wyn dronken, 1025 Daufed ful drejly wyth dere carolej ; At Jie laft, when hit wat5 late, J^ay lachen her leue, Vchon to wende on his way, )jat wat3 wyje ftronge. Gawan gef hy god-day, ]>e god m5 hy lachchej, Ledes hy to his awen chambre, ]>e chyne byfyde, loso & Jiere he dra5e3 hy on dry3e, & derely hy j7onkke5, Of Jie wyne worfchip & ' he hy wayned hade, As to hono" his ho^ on Jjat hy3e tyde, & enbelyfe his bur3 w' his bele chere. " I wyffe i, quyl I leue, me wor]7e3 ])e better, 1035 [foi.105.] pat Gawayn hat3 ben my geft, at godde3 awen feft." " G"nt merci'' f," q, Gawayn, " i god fayth hit is yowre3, Al J>e honcf is yo" awen, J'e he3e kyg yow 5e]de ; & I am wy3e at yo" wylle, to worch yo^e heft, , . . „ As I am halden ]P to,i hy3e & I lo5e, ' io4o pe lorde faft can hy payne, To holde lenger ]>e kny3t. To hy anfwre3 Gawayn, Bi non way J^at he my3t. 1045 XXII. Then frayned ]>e freke ful fay re at him felue, Quat derne dede had hy dryuen, at J»at dere tyme. So kenly fro j^e kyge3 kourt to kayre al his one, ' Er Ipe hahdaye5 holly were halet out of toil ? 1 fat ? ^ nerci, MS. 40 SYR GAWAYN AND THE GRENE KNYJT. " For {o]>e i," q fe fegge, " 36 fayn hot ]>e traw'jpe ; mo A heje ernde & a hafty me hade fro Jjo wonej ; For I am funed my felfe to fech to a place, I wot ' i worlde wheder warde to wende, hit to fynde ; I nolde, hot if I hit negh my3t on nw5eres morne, For alle 'jpe londe i wyth Logres, fo me oure lorde help ! 1055 For jjy, €, ]jis enqueft I require yow here, pat je me telle w* trawjje, if eu? je tale herde Of Jje grene chapel, quere hit on groude ftondej, & of ]>e knyjt I»at hit kepes, of colo" of grene ? \f watj ftahled hi ftatut a fteuen v^ by-twene, loao To mete fat mon at y mere, jif I my5t laft ; & of J>at ilk nw3ere hot neked now wontej, & I wolde loke on }>at lede, if god me let wolde, Gladloker, hi goddej fu, ]>e any god welde ! For Jii I wyffe, hi jowre wyUe, wende me bi-houes, 1065 Naf I now to bufy hot bare j^re dayej, & me als fayn to falle feye as fayly of my^ ernde." pene la3ande q "jpe lorde, " now leng J^e by-houes. For I fchal teche yow to ])a terme hi j)e tyme3 ende, pe grene chapayle vpon groude, greue yow no more ; loro Bot 3e fchal be i yowre bed, burne, at Jiy efe, Quyle forth daye?, & ferk on te fyrft of be 5ere, , . ^ [foi. 105b.] & cum to Jiat merk at mydmorn, to make quat yow like3, ' DoweUe5 whyle.new 3eres daye, 1075 & rys, & rayke3 J^ene, Mo fchal yow fette i waye, Hit is not two myle bene." ' not ? - myy, MS. SYR GAWAYN AND THE GRENE KNYJT. 41 XXIII. J)ene watj Gawan ful glad, & gomenly he lajed, — " Now I jjonk yow J^ryuandely J^urj alle o]P jpjge, loso Now acheued is my chauce, I fchal at yo wylle Dowelle, & ellej do quat je demen." pene fefed hy J>e fyre, & fet hy byfyde, Let ]>e ladiej be fette, to lyke he J>e bett' ; per wat5 feme folace by hem felf ftille ; loss pe lorde let for luf lotej fo myry, As wy3 Jiat wolde of his wyte, ne wyft quat he myjt. pene he carped to ]>& knyjt, criande loude, " 3e han demed to do ]>e dede Jiat I bidde ; Wyl je halde J>is hes here at J>ys onej ? " 1090 " 3e f, for foj^e," fayd J>e fegge trwe, " Whyl I byde I yowre borje, be bayn to jowe ' heft." " For 36 haf trauayled," q, ]>e tulk, " towen fro ferre, & fyfen waked me wyth, je arn not wel warjrft, NauJ)' of foftnauce ne of flepe, fojily I knowe ; 1095 3e fchal lenge i yo" lofte, & lyje I yd" efe, To morn quyle ]?e meffe-quyle, & to mete wende, When je wyl, wyth my wyf, Jiat wyth yow fchal fitte, ^ _. & comfort yow w* compayny, til I to cort tome, & I fchal erly ryfe, On hiityg wyl I wende." Gauayn g"nte3 alle J>yfe, Hy heldande, as ]>& hende. jowre I 42 SYR GAWAYN AND THE GRENE KNYJT. XXIV. " jet firre," q jpe freke, " a forwarde we make ; nos Quat fo euer I wyne i fe wod, hit worj^ej to yo'ej, & quat chek fo je acheue, chaiige me ]7er forne ; Swete, fwap we fo, fware w' trawjje. Que]?' leude fo lymp, lere oJj' bett'." " Bi god," q, Gawayn Ipe gode, " I g'nt ]P tylle, mo [foi. 106.] & Jiat yow lyft forto layke, lef hit me Jjjnakf ." " Who brygej v^ j^is beu'age, Jjis bargayn is maked," — So fayde J>e lorde of Jiat lede ; J»ay lajed vchone, pay dronken, & daylyeden, & dalten vntyjtel, pife lordej & ladyej, quyle j>at hem lyked ; ms & fyj^en w* frenkyfch fare & fele fayre lotej pay ftoden, & ftemed, & ftylly fpeken, K3rfteii ful comlyly, & kajten her leue. W* mony leude ful lyjt, & lemande torches, j- i r ^ Vche burne to his bed watj bro3t at ]?e lafte, ' To bed jet er j^ay jede. Recorded couenautej ofte ; pe olde lorde of J)at leude ', Cowf e wel halde layk a-lofte. U2s ' lede? SYR GAWAYN AND THE GRENE KNYJT. 43 [FYTTE THE THIRD.] I. F ul erly bifore J)e day J^e folk yp ryfen, Geftes Jjat go wolde, hot gromej Jjay calden, & J)ay bufken vp bilyue, blonkkej to fadel, TyfFen her ' takles, truffen her males, Richen hem Ipe rycheft, to ryde alle arayde, nso Lepen vp ly^tly, lachen her brydeles, Vche wyje on his way, j>ev hy wel lyked. J7e leue lorde of J^e londe watj not 'jpe laft, A-rayed for jpe rydyg, w' renkkej ful mony; Ete a fop haftyly, when he hade herde maffe, iiss W bugle to bent felde he bufkej by-lyue ; By Jiat J^at any day-ly3t lemed vpon er]?e, He w* his hajjeles on hyje horffes weren. J)ene ]}j£e cacheres J>at couj^e, cowpled hor houdej, Vnclofed \)g kenel dore, & calde hem Jfoute, 1140 Blwe bygly i bugle3 J^re bare mote ; Braches bayed JPfore, & breme noyfe maked, & Jjay chaftyfed, 8e charred, on chafyg Jiat went ; f V b ft • A hundreth of hunt'es, as I haf herde telle, To tryftors vewters jod. Couples huntes of-keft, [fdi.ioe".] \f ros for blaftej gode, Gret rurd ! J^at for eft. ' he, MS. G 2 44 SYR GAWAYN AND THE GRENE KNYJT. II. At J»e fyrft quethe of }»e queft quaked Jie wylde ; im Der drof i J>e dale, doted for drede, Hijed to Ipe hyje, bot hefly J>ay were Reftayed w* J^e ftablye, J>at ftoutly afcryed ; pay let ]>& herttej haf ]>e gate, w' j>e hyje hedes, pe breme bukkej alfo, w' hor brode paumej ; nss For ]>e fre lorde hade defende i fermyfoii tyme, p' J? fchulde no mon mene to Jie male dere. pe hindej were halden i, w' hay & war, pe does dryuen w* gret dyn to Jie depe lladej ; per my3t mon fe, as J^ay flypte, fleutyg of arwes, uso At vche wende vnder wande wapped a flone, pat bigly bote on ]>e brou, w' ful brode hedej, What J>ay brayen, & bleden, hi bonkke3 J^ay dejen. & ay rachches i a res radly hem fol3es, Hutere5 wyth hyje home hafted hem aft', im Wyth fuch a crakkande kry, as klyiFes haden bruften ; What wylde fo at-waped wyjes J>at fchotten, Watj al to-raced & rent, at ]}e refayt. Bi J>ay were tened at j>e hyje, & tayfed to ]>e wattrej, pe lede5 were fo lerned at J>e loje tryfteres, uro & Jje gre-houde3 fo grete, )7at geten hem bylyue, ^ & hem to fylched, as faft as freke3 my5t loke, pe lorde for blys abloy, Ful oft con lauce & ly3t, 1175 & drof J»at day wyth joy. Thus to J»e derk ny3t. V ^c^^Zt^ klA J mOwgU/iS' Sinuid^ SYR GAWAYN AND THE GRENE KNYJT. 45 III. J)^ laykej J^is lorde by lynde wodej euej, & G. ]>e god mon, i gay bed lygej, Lurkkej quyl ]pe day-lyjt lemed on fe wowes, nso Vnder couertd" ful clere, cortyned aboute ; & as i flonr'yg he flode, flejly he herde A littel dyn at his dor, & derfly vpon ; & he heuej vp his hed, out of jpe clojies, » [fol. 107.] A corner of J^e cortyn he cajt vp a lyttel, usr. & waytej warly Jjider warde, quat hit be my3t. Hit watj Jie ladi, loflyeft to be-holde, JJat dro5 ]je dor aft' hir ful dernly & ftylle, & bojed to-warde f>e bed ; & jpe burne fchamed, & layde hy dou lyftyly, & let as he flepte. 1190 & ho ftepped ftilly, & ftel to his bedde, Keft vp Jje cortyn, & creped w* ine, & fet hir ful foftly on Jie bed-fyde, & lenged ]}eie felly longe, to loke que he wakened, pe lede lay lurked a ful longe quyle, 1195 Compaft i his concience to quat Jiat cace myjt Mene o]P amout, to m'uayle hy Jio3t ; Bot 3et he fayde i hy felf, " more femly hit were To afpye wyth my fpelle, fpace quat ho wolde." pen he wakenede, & wroth, & to hir warde torned, 1200 & vn-louked his yje-lyddej, & let as hy wondered, t v, j & fayned hy, as hi his faje ]>e fau' to worthe, ' Wyth chyne & cheke ful fwete, Bojje quit & red i blande, 1205 Ful lufly con ho lete, Wyth lyppej fmal lajande. 46 SYR GAWAYN AND THE GRENE KNYJT. IV. " God morou, f Gawayn," fayde J>at fayr lady, " 3e ar a flep vn-flyje, Jjat mo may flyde hider ; Now ar je tan aftyt, bot t"e v^ may fchape, i^io I fchal bynde yow i yo" bedde, y be je trayft ; " — Al la^ande J»e lady lanced fo bourdej. " Goud morou g"e \" q, Gawayn Jje blyj^e, " Me fchal worj^e at jo wiUe, & ]7at me wel Ijke^, For I jelde me jederly, & 5e5e aft? g'ce, uu & ]jat is ])e beft, be my dome, for me by-houej nede ;" — & Jjus he bourded a-jayn w* mony a blyj^e lajt'; — " Bot wolde 56, lady louely, Ipe leue me g'nte, & deprece yo" pryfou, & pray hy to ryfe, I wolde bo5e of J^is bed, & bufk me bett', 1220 I fchulde keu' ]>e more comfort to karp yow wyth." [foi.1071'.] " Nay, for {o]>e, beau £," fayd )iat fwete, " je fchal not rife of yo" bedde, I rych yow bett^, I fchal haue yow here J^at o^^ half als, & fyjien karp wyth my knyjt, ]jat I kajt haue ; 122s For I wene wel, I wyffe, £ Wawen je are, pat alle ]>e worlde worchipe3, quere fo 56 ride ; Yo" bono", yo" hendelayk is hendely prayfed W lordej, wyth ladyes, w* alle J>at lyf here. & now je ar here, I wyffe, & we bot oure one ; mo My lorde & his ledej ar on levipe faren, OJ)' burne5 i her bedde, & my burdej als, pe dor drawen, & dit w* a derf hafpe ; & fy]jen I haue i Jiis ho^ hy Jjat al lykej, ^ . I fchal ware my whyle wel, quyl hit laftej, ' ' This word is very doubtful in the MS. SYR GAWAYN AND THE GRENE KNY3T. 47 je ar welcu to my cors, Yowre awen won to wale, Me be-houej of fyne force, Yo" feruaut be & fchale." V. " In god fayth," q Gawayn, " gay hit me Jjynkkej, J3a3 I be not now he J>at je of fpeken ; To reche to fuch reuerence as je reherce here I am wyje vn-worjiy, I wot wel my feluen ; Bi god, I were glad, & yow god J'05t, i2« At faje o]P at feruyce Jjat I fette myjt To fe plefauce of yo" prys, hit were a pure ioye." " In god fayth, i Gawayn," q, Jie gay lady, " JJe prys & fe prowes ]?at plefej al o]?', If I hit lakked, 6]P fet at ly3t, hit were littel daynte ; 1250 Bot hit ar ladyes i no3e, )>at leu' wer nowj^e Haf Jje hende I hor holde, as I Jje habbe here, To daly w* derely yo" daynte wordej, Keu' hem comfort, & colen her carej, J)e much of }»e garyfou oJj' golde Jjat ' Jiay hauen ; i2n'i Bot I louue'' J)at ilk lorde, J)* fe lyfte haldej, ,, I haf hit holly i my honde, J»at al defyres, Scho made hy fo gret chere, [fol. 10s.] pat wat3 fo fayr of face, 12110 pe knyjt w* fpeches fkere, Afwared ' to vche a cace. ' fat ])', MS. 2 louie ? ^ anfwared ? 48 SYR GAWAYN AND THE GRENE KNYJT. VI. " Madame," q, Jje myry mon, " Mary yow jelde, For I haf fouden, i god fayth, yowre frauchis nobele, & o}i' ful much of o]P folk fongen hor dedej ; i26r, Bot Tpe daynte J)* ]jay delen for my difert nyfen, Hit is J)e worchyp of yo felf, J>at nojt bot wel conej." " Bi Mary," q Jje menfkful, " me ]>Yuk hit anojr' ; For were I worth al ]>e wone of wymen alyue, & al Jje wele of J>e worlde were i my honde, 12-0 & I fchulde chepen & chofe, to cheue me a lorde, For J>e coftes J»at I haf knowen vpon ]>e ^nj^t here, Of bewte, & debonerte, & blyj)e femblaut,- & Jiat I haf er herkkened, & halde hit here trwe ', p' fchulde no freke vpon folde bifore yow be chofen." 1275 " I wyffe, worjjy," q Ipe wy5e, " je haf waled wel betf, Bot I am proude of J>e prys J>at je put on me, & foberly ycf feruaut my fou'ayn I holde yow, & yowre knyjt I be-com, & kryft yow for-jelde." J)^ Jiay meled of much quat, til myd-morn pafte, i28« & ay Jje lady let lyk, a* hy loued mych ; pe freke ferde w* defence, & feted ful fayre. " paj I were burde bry3teft," J>e burde i mynde hade, " pe laffe luf i his lode, for lur >at he fojt, " "*^ ' ^pe dunte J?at fchilde hy deue, & nedej hit moft be done ; " pe lady J»en fpek of leue, He g"nted hir ful fone. 1 trwee, MS. « and ? SYR GAWAYN AND THE GRENE KNY^T. 49 VII. pene ho gef hy god-day, & wyth a glent la3ed, & as ho ftod, ho ftonyed hy wyth ful ftor wordej, — " Now he J^at fpedej vche fpech, Jjis difport jelde yow ! Bot J^at je be Gawan, hit got3 i myde." " Quer fore ? " q >e freke, & frefchly he afkej, Ferde left he hade fayled i fo"me of his caftes ; Bot J>e burde by bleffed, & bi Jjis fkyi fayde, [fol.1081'.] " So god as Gawayn gaynly is balden, & cortayfye is clofed fo clene i by feluen, Couth not lyjtly haf lenged fo long wyth a lady, Bot he had craued a coffe, bi bis ccrtayfye, Bi fu towch of fume tryfle, at fu talej ende." J)e q Wowen, " I wyffe, wor]:ie as yow lykej, I fchal kyffe at yo" comaudement, as a knyjt fallej, & fire ' left be difplefe yow, fo* plede hit no more." Ho comes nerre w* Jiat, & cacbej by i armej, Loutej luflych adou, & J»e leude kyffej ; pay comly bykenen to kryft ayjP o]P ; Ho dos hir forth at )>e dore, w* outen dyn more. & he ryches by to ryfe, & rapes by fone, Clepes to his cbamberlayn, chofes bis wede, Bo5e3 forth, quen he watj bou, blyjiely to maffe, & Jjene he meued to bis mete, y mefkly hy keped, & made myry al day til ]>e mone ryfed, W*^ neu' freke fayrer fonge, Bitwene two fo dygne dame, pe alder & )>e 3onge, Much folace fet J^ay fame. 1294 1300 13GS 1310 II w* game ; 131S fere? 2 fo? 3 Was? Nas? H 50 SYR GAWAYN AND THE GRENE KNYJT. VIII. And ay ))e lorde of Ipe londe is lent on his gamnej, To hut I holtej & hejje, at hyndej barayne, 1320 Such a fowme he J?' flowe hi }»at fe fune heldet, Of dos & of ojf dere, to deme were wonder, pene ferfly J>ay flokked i folk at Jje lafte, & quykly of J>e quelled dere a querre J»ay maked ; pe beft bo5ed fierto, w* burnej i nogti, 1325 Gedered "jpe gratteft of gres f>at J>er were, & didden hem derely vndo, as ])e dede afkej ; Serched hem at J»e afay, fume J)at f' were, Two fygeres Jiay fonde of J^e fowleft of alle ; Sy]?e ):ay flyt Ipe flot, fefed Ipe erber, 1330 Schaued wyth a fcharp knyf, & Jie fchyre knitten ; Syjjen rytte J?ay fe foure lymes, & rent of fe hyde, pe brek ]>aj ]>e bale, ])e balej out token, [foi. 109.] Lyftily forlancyg, & here of j^e knot ; pay gryped to ]}e gargulu, & g"yl'ely depai;ted 1335 pe wefaut fro Jie wynt-hole, & wait out J>e guttej ; pe fcher fay out Jie fchulderej w* her fcharp knyuej, Haled hem by a lyttel hole, to haue hole fydes ; Sijien britned }>ay fe breft, & brayden hit i twyne, & eft at J>e gargulu bigynej on J>ene, 1340 Ryuej hit vp radly, ryjt to J^e by3t Voydej out fe a-vanters, & v'ayly Jj^aft' Alle y>e ryme3 by J^e rybbe5 radly J>ay lance ; So ryde J^ay of by refoii bi fe rygge bonej, Euenden to J^e haunche, Jiat henged alle famen, 1345 & heuen hit vp al hole, & hwen hit of Jjere, a w h- & J>at Jjay neme for J>e noubles, bi nome as I trowe, ^ ' SYR GAWAYN AND THE GRENE KNYJT. 51 Bi fe byjt al of J^e Jjyjes, pe lappej J^ay lance bi-hynde, isso To hewe hit i two }»ay hyjes, Bi Jie bak-bon to vnbynde. IX. Bofe ]>e hede & jje hals fay hwen of jjene, & fyfen funder Jjay fe fydej fwyft fro pe chyne, & ]>e corbeles fee Jiay keft i a greue ; liss pen Jjurled fay ayjier fik fide furj, bi fe rybbe, & henged J>ene af' bi hojes of fe fourchej, Vche freke for his fee, as fallej forto haue. Vpon a felle of fe fayre baft fede fay f ayr houdes, Wyth f e lyu? & fe lyjtej, f e lef er of f e paunchej, im & bred baf ed i blod, blende f er amogej ; Baldely fay blw prys, bayed f ayr rachchej, Syf en fonge fay her flefche folden to home, Strakande ful ftoutly mony ftif motej. Bi fat f e dayly5t watj done, f e douthe watj al wonen „ ^ ... i to f e comly caftel, f er f e knyjt bidej, Wyth blys & bryjt fyr bette, pe lord is comen ]P tyUe, When Gawayn wyth by mette, 1370 per watj hot wele at wyUe. X. LfoHogb.] Thene comauded fe lorde i f fale to lamen alle fe meny, Bof e f e ladyes on logh to ly3t, w' her burdes, Bi-fore alle f e folk on f e flette, frekej he beddej V^ayly his venyfou to fech hy byforne ; 1375 H 2 52 SYR GAWAYN AND THE GRENE KNY^T. & al godly i gomen Gawayn* he called, Techej hy to J^e tayles of ful tayt beftes, Schewej hy ]>e fchyrer grete fchorne vpon rybbes. — " How payej yow J^is play ? haf I prys wonen ? Haue I Jiryuandely Jjonk Jurj my craft ferued ? " isso " je, I wyffe," q J^at of wyje, " here is wayth fayreft JJat I fej J»is feuen jere, i fefou of wynt'." " & al I gif yow, Gawayn," q, \e gome J^ene, " For by a-corde of couenaut je craue hit as yd" awen." " pis is foth," q J)e fegge, " I fay yow Jiat ilke, isss & I haf worthyly * J>is wonej wyth ine, I wyffe w' as god wylle hit worJie3 to jo^ej." He hafppe5 his fayre hals his armej wyth ine, & kyffes hy as comlyly as he ' coujie awyfe, — " Tas yow Jjere my cheuicauce, I cheued no more, 1390 I wowche hit faf fynly, }ia5 feler hit were." " Hit is god," q, Jje god mon, " g"nt m'cy Jj'fore, Hit may be fuch, hit is J)e bett', & je me breue wolde Where je wan Jjis ilk wele, bi wytte of hor * feluen ? " " pat watj not forward," q he, " frayft me no more, „ For 5e haf tan fat yow tydej, trawe je non oj? ' mowe. pay lajed, & made hem blyfe, Wyth lotej fat were to lowe, To foper fay jede affwyfe, uoo Wyth dayntes nwe i nowe. XI. And fyf en by ^e chymne i chamber fay feten, Wyjej f e walle wyn wejed to hem oft, ' Gaway, MS. * ^ word seems here to be wanting. ' ho, MS. * your ? II to chace ; SYR GAWAYN AND THE GRENE KNYJT, 53 & efte i her bourdyg ]>ay bayj^en i ]je morn, To fylle ]>e fame forwardej J^at J^ay by-foie maden, 1405 I?at cbauce fo by-tyde3 hoi cheuyfauce to change, What nwej fo J^ay nome, at najt quen Jjay mette. pay acorded of Jje couenautej byfore jpe ccf t alle ; [foi. no.] pe beuerage wat3 brojt forth i bourde at J^at tyme ; pene Jiay louelych lejten leue at J>e laft, 1410 Vche burne to his bedde bufked bylyue. Bi fat ]>e coke hade crowej' & cakled bot J^ryfe, pe lorde wat3 lopen of his bedde, Jje leudej vch one. So J>at fe mete & J^e maffe watj metely delyu^ed; pe douthe dreffed to J>e wod, er any day fprenged, Hej w* hute & hornej, purj playnej J>ay paffe i fpace, Vn-coupled am5g )>o Jjomej, Rachej Jjat ran on race. 1420 XII. Sone Jjay calle of a queft I aker fyde, pe hut re-hayted Jie houdej, Jjat hit fyrft myged, Wylde wordej hy warp wyth a wraft noyce ; pe howndej J>at hit herde, haftid Jjider fwyj^e, & feUen as faft to Jie fuyt, fom-ty at ones ; 142s pene fuch a glau'ande glam of gedered rachchej Ros, Jjat fie rocherej rugen aboute ; Huterej hem hardened w* home & wyth muthe, pe al i a femble fweyed to-geder, Bitwene a flofche i J^at fryth, & a foo cragge ; 1430 In a knot, bi a clyffe, at Jjc kerre fyde, ' crowed? 54 SYR GAWAYN AND THE GRENE KNYJT. J)' as ]>e rogh rocher va-rydely watj fallen, pay ferden to J»e fyndyg, & frekej hem aft' ; pay vmbe-keften J)e knarre & fe knot boJ»e, Wyjej, whyl J)ay wyften wel wyt ine he hit were, 1435 J3e heft J>at J?er breued wat5 wyth fe blod-houdej. pene fay beten on fe bufke5, & bede hy vp ryfe, & he vnfoudyly out fo5t, feggej on? Jjwert, On J»e feUokeft fwyn fwenged out J^ere, Long fythen for Jje fouder Jjat wijt for olde, 1440 For he watj b . . . & bor aljjer gratteft, ' ere quen he gronyed, Jiene greued mony, For t J^e fyrft ]7raft he Jiryjt to J^e erjje, & fped . . . forth good fped, boute fpyt more, And Jiay halowed hyg!i ful hyje, & hay ! hay ! cryed, U45 [foi.no''.] Haden hornej to moujje heterly rechated j Mony watj Jie myry mouthe of men & of houdej, „ pat bufkke5 aft? J»is bor, w' boft & wyth noyfe, Ful oft he bydej J>e baye, 1450 & mayme3 J?e mute In melle. He hurle3 of ]>e houdej, & ]?ay Ful jomerly jaule &c jelle. XIII. Schalkej to fchote at hy fchowen to J>ene, Haled to hym of her arewej, bitten hym oft ; 1455 Bot J>e poytej payred at Ipe pyth y pyjt i his fcheldej, & Ipe barbej of his browe bite non wolde, paj Jje fchauen fchaft fchyndered i pecej, pe hede hypped ajayn, were fo eu' hit hitte ; ' The MS. is here in several lines illegible. SYR GAWAYN AND THE GRENE KNYJT. 55 Bot quen }>e dyntej hy dered of her dryje arwej, uso pen brayn-wod for bate on burnej he rafej, Hurtej hem ful heterly fer he forth hyjej, & mony arjed J»erat, & on lyte drojen. Bot ]>e lorde on a ly5t horce lauces hym aft?, As burne bolde vpon bent his bugle he blowej, 1465 He rechated, & r . . . ' J7ur5 rouej ful Jjyk, Suande J»is "wylde fwjm, til jie fune fchafted. pis day wyth Jiis ilk dede fay dryuen on JjLs wyfe, Whyle oure luflych lede lys i his bedde^ Gawayn, g'yj'ely at home, i gere} ful ryche. ' pe lady no3t forjate. Com to hy to falue, Ful erly ho watj hy ate, His mode forto remwe. urs XIV. Ho comes to Jje cortyn, & at jpe kny3t totes, & Wawen her welcued worjiy on fyrft, & ho hy jeldej ajayn, fal jerne of bir wordej, Settej hir fofly by his fyde, & fwyfely ho lajej, & wyth a luflych loke ho fayde hy Tpeie wordej : " i, 5if je be Wawen, wonder me J^ynkkej, Wyje Jjat is fo wel wraft alway to god, & connej not of compaynye Jie cofte3 vnder-take, Lfoi. 111.] & if mon kenes yow hom to knowe, je keft hom of yo" myde ; p" hat3 for-jeten jederly ]?at jift'day I ta^tte Bi alder trueft token of talk fat I cowfe." " What is fat ? " g, f e wygft, " I wyffe I wot netf , ' rydes ? rode ? 56 SYR GAWAYN AND THE GRENE KNYJT. If hit be fothe J^at je breue, \>e blame is my awen." " Jet I kende yow of kyjDtyg," q, y>e clere Jjene, " Quere fo coutenauce is couJ?e, quikly to clayme, im pat bicues vche a knyjt, J^at cortayfy vfes." " Do way," q J^at derf mon, " my dere, Jjat fpeche, For Jiat durft I not do, left I denayed were, If I were werned, I were wrang I wyffe, jif I pfered." " Ma fay," q, Jje mere wyf, " je may not be werned, uss Je ar ftif I nogti to conftrayne wyth ftrenkjie, jif yow lykej, jif any were fo vilano^ J>at yow denaye ' wolde." " 3e, be god," q Gawayn, " good is yo" fpeche, Bot J)rete is vn-)7ryaande i J^ede ]P I lende, & vche gift ]>a.i is gyuen not w' goud wylle ; isoo I am at ycf comaundemet, to kyffe quen yow lyke3, ,, • r ,, 3e may lach quen yow lyft, & leue quen yow fynkkej, ^ pe lady loute3 a-dou, & comlyly kyffes his face, isos Much fpeche }>ay ]P expoii. Of druryes greme & g"ce. XV. " I woled wyt at yow, wy5e," fat worjiy Jjer fayde, " & yow wrathed not J^er wyth, what were }>e fkylle, pat fo Jong & fo jepe, as je at Jjis tyme, imo So cortayfe, fo kny5tyly, as je ar knowen oute, & of aUe cheualry to chofe, Jjc chef J>yg a-lofed, Is* J)e lellayk of luf, Jie lettrure of armes ; For to telle of Jiis tenelyg of Jiis trwe knyjtej, Hit is ]je tytelet, token, & tyxt of her werkke^, 1515 ' de vaye, MS. « In ? SYR GAWAYN AND THE GRENE KNYJT. 57 How le . . . ' for her lele luf hor lyue5 han autered, Endured for her drury dulful ftoudej, & aft' wenged w' her walo", & voyded her care, & brojt blyffe i to boure, w* boutees hor awen. & 56 ar knyjt comlokeft kyd of yo" elde, 1520 [fol.iii''.] Yd* worde & ycf worchip walke3 ay quere, & I haf feten by yo" felf here fere twyes, 3et herde I neu? of yo" hed helde no wordej pat eu? longed to luf, laffe ne more ; & 56, J»at ar fo cortays, & coyt of yrf" hetes, 1525 Ogh to a 5onke Jiyk jern to fchewe, & teche fu tokenej of trweluf craftes. Why ar 56 lewed, Jiat alle ]>e los welde5, 11 f f li i OJj'elles 56 demen me to diUe, yo" dalyaucetoherken? I com hider fengel, & fitte, To lerne at yow fu game, Dos teche5 me of yo*" wytte, Whil my lorde is fro hame." XVI. " In goud fayjje," q Gawayn, " god yow for-jelde, 1535 Gret is }>e gode gle, & gomen to me huge, pat fo worJ»y as 56 wolde wyne hidere, & pyne yow w* fo pou' a mon, as play wyth yo" knyjt, With any fkyne5 coutenauce, hit keu'e5 me efe ; Bot to take ^e tornayle to my felf, to trwluf typou, 15.10 & towche Jje temes of tyxt, & tale5 of arme3, To yow, J»at I wot, wel werde3 more fly5t Of J^at art, bi Tpe half, or a hudreth of feche ' ledes ? I 58 SYR GAWAYN AND THE GRENE KNYJT. As I am, o]P e\jp fchal, i erde J>er I leue, Hit were a fole fele folde, my fre, by my trawfie. 1545 I wolde yowre wylnyg worche at my myjt, As I am hyjly bihalden, & eu' more wylle Be feruaut to yo feluen, fo faue me dryjtyn ! " p^ hy frayned "pat fre, & fondet hy ofte, Forto haf wonen hy to woje, what fo fcho fojt ellej, 1550 Bot he defended hy fo fayr, bat no faut femed, „ , ^ ,-, rr ■NT 1 -Lo 1. 1 19 1. ^^ II ^ot hlyiie ; JNe non euel on nawjr haiue, nawp'^ pay wylten, pay lajed & layked longe. At )>e laft fcho con hy kyffe, 1555 Hir leue fayre con fcho fonge, & went hir waye I wyffe. XVII. Then rujjes hy J>e renk, & ryfes to ]>& maffe, [fol. 112.] & fij^en hor din' watj dyjt, & derely ferued. pe lede w* ^e ladye5 layked alle day, mm Bot \& lorde otf Jie londe5 laiiced ful ofte, Swe5 his vncely fwyn, J^at fwygej hi Jie bonkke5, & bote ]>e beft of his brachej Jie bakke3 i fuder ; per he bode i his bay, tel* bawe men hit breken, & maden * hym, maw-gref his hed, forto mwe vtt', ises So feUe flonej fer flete, when J^e folk gedered ; Bot jet Jje ftyffeft to ftart hi ftoudej he made. Til at fe laft he watj fo mat, he my^t no more rene, Bot i J^e haft J>at he myjt, he to a hole Wyriej, Of a raffe, bi a rokk, y rehej ]>& borne ; 1570 He gete ]>& bonk at his bak, bigyej to fcrape, ' til ? 2 madee, MS. SYR GAWAYN AND THE GRENE KNYJT. 59 for wojje ; pe frojje femed ' at his mouth, vnfayre hi J^e wykej, Whettej his whyte tufchej ; w* hy ]>e irked Alle Ipe burnej fo bolde, )iat hy by ftoden, To nye hy on ferum, hot neje hy non durft, He hade hurt fo mony byforne, pat al fiojt Jiene ful lo]je, Be more wyth his tufchej tome, pat breme watj bray-wod both, isso XVIII. Til ]>e knyjt com hy felf, kachande his blonk, Sy5 hy byde at "jpe bay, his burne3 byfyde, He ly5tf luflych adou, leuej his corfo , Braydej out a bryjt bront, & bigly forth ftrydej, roude5 faft Jiurj J^e forth, fer Jje felle bydej. im pe wylde watj war of J^e wyje w' weppen i honde, Hef hyjly J>e here, fd hett'ly he fnaft, pat fele ferde for j>e frekej ', left felle hy J>e worre ; pe fwyn fettej hy out on jpe fegge euen, pat ])e burne & 'jpe bor were bofe vpon hepej, 1590 In Jie wyjcreft ' of j>e wat', fe worre had fat o\P ; For J^e mon merkkej hy wel, as Jjay mette fyrft, Set fadly J'e fcharp i ]>e flot euen, Hit hy vp to ]>e hult, fat fe hert fchyndered, 11 f 1 + t • & he 5arrande hy jelde, & jedou * fe wat', [foLiiab.] A hudreth houdej hy hent, pat bremely con hy bite, Burnej hi brojt to bent, & doggej to dethe endite. leoo ' fomed? 2 freke? ^ This word is doubtful in the MS. 'iededoun? I 2 60 SYR GAWAYN AND THE GRENE KNY3T. XIX. There watj blawyg of prys i mony breme home, Heje halowlg on hije, w* haj^elej ]jat myjt ; Brachetes bayed fat beft, as bidden ]>e mayft'ej, Of Jiat chargeaut chace J^at were chef hutes. pene a wyje J»at wat5 wys vpon wod-craftej, leos To vnlace )>is bor lufly bigynej ; Fyrft he hewes of his bed, & on hije fettej, & fyj»en rende3 him al rogfe bi fe rygge after, Braydej out fe boweles, brenej ho on glede, With bred blent Jjer w* his braches rewardej ; leio Sy]jen he britnej out J>e brawen, i bryjt brode cheldej, & hat5 out Jje haftlettej, as hijtly bifemej ; & jet hem halchej al hole J>e haluej to-geder, & fyjien on a ftif ftange ftoutly hem henges. Now with J)is ilk fwyn Jjay fwengen to home ; ms pe bores bed watj borne bifore J»e burnes feluen, . . pat hi for-ferde i j^e forfe, j^urj forfe of his honde, ' Til he fey f Gawayne, I haUe by fojt ful longe, , 1620 He calde, & he com ga3m, His fee3 JP for to fonge. XX. pe lorde ful lowde w' lote, & lajed myry, Whe he feje f G : w* folace he fperej ; pe goude ladyej were geten, & gedered fe meyny, He fchewej hem fe fcheldej, & fchapes hem J^e tale, SYR GAWAYN AND THE GRENE KNYJT. 61 Of J>e largeffe, & \>e lenj^e, ]>e hy'ne5 ' alfe, Of J'e were of Ipe wylde fwyn, i wod Jier he fled, pat o]P knyjt ful comly comended his dedej, & prayfed hit as gret prys, }iat he proued hade ; leso For fuche a brawne of a beft, ]>e bolde burne fayde, Ne fuch fydes of a fwyn, fegh he neu' are. pene hondeled }»ay J>e hoge bed, Tpe hende mo hit prayfed, [foi.ns.] & let lodly Jierat ]>e lorde forto here ; — " Now Gawayn," g, J>e god mon, " Jjis gomen is y(f awen, mas Bi fyn forwarde & fafte, faythely je knowe." " Hit is fothe," g, J>e fegge, " & as fiker trwe ; Alle my get I fchal yow gif agayn, bi my trawjje." He * J>e hajiel aboute J^e halfe, & hendely by kyffes, & eft' fones of 'jpe fame he ferued by fere. i64o " Now ar we euen," q, ])e hajpel, "i Tpis euen-tide, n i,- i » Of alle Jie couenautes Jjat we knyt, fyj^en I com hider, pe lorde fayde, "bi faynt Gile, 3e ar J>e beft jjat I knowe, i64fl je ben ryche i a whyle. Such chaffer & je drowe." XXI. pene J^ay teldet table3, treftes " alofte, Keften clojjej vpon clere ly3t Jjene, Wakned bi wo5e3 waxen torches, isso Seggej fette, & ferued i fale al aboute ; Much glam & gle glent vp f Ine, Aboute \>e fyre vpon flet, & on fele wyfe. At >e foper & aft', mony aj^el fongej, • hynej ? ^ A word is here deficient, perhaps hent or hafped. Cf . 1. 1 388. 'on treftes ? 62 SYR GAWAYN AND THE GRENE KNYJT. As coudutes of kryft-maffe, & carolej newe, less With alle Jje man^ly m']je y mon may of telle. & eu' oure luflych knyjt J>e lady bi-fyde ; Such femblaut to J>at fegge femly ho made, Wyth ftille ftollen coutenauce, J^at ftalworth to plele, , pat al for-wondered wat3 J»e wyje, & wroth w* hy feluen, leeo Bot he nolde not for his nurture nume hir a-jaynej, Bot dalt w* hir al i daynte, how fe eu' Jje dede turned, ' Quen Jiay hade played i halle, As lange as hor wylle hom laft, iuss To chambre he con hy caUe, & to "jpe chemne J^ay paft. XXII. Ande Jier Jjay dronken, & dalten, & demed eft nwe, To norne on ])e fame note, on nwe3ere3 euen ; Bot ]>e knyjt craued leue to kayre on fe morn, i67c For hit wat5 nej at ]>e terme, J?at he to fchulde. Lfoi.iisb.] pe lorde hy letted of J)at, to lenge hy refteyed, & fayde, " as I am trwe fegge, I fwer my trawfe, f)" fchal cheue to }>e grene chapel, J»y charres to make, Leude, on nw3ere3 ly3t, longe bifore pryme ; wi For Jjy Jjow lye I Jiy loft, & lach Jiyn efe, & I fchal hut in J^is holt, & halde fe towche5, Chauge wyth fe cheuifauce, bi fat I charre hider ; For I haf frayfted f e twys, & faythful I fynde f e. Now f rid tyme f rowe beft f enk on f e morne, leao Make we mery quyl we may, & myne vpon joye. For fe lur may mon lach, when fo mon lyke5." pis wat3 grayfely grauted, & Gawayn is lenged, Bhf e bro5t wat3 hym drynk, & fay to bedde 3eden, ' SYR GAWAYN AND THE GRENE KNYJT. 63 f G : lis & flepes, Ful ftille & fofte al ni5t ; pe lorde Jjat his craftes kepes, Ful erly he watj dijt. XXIII. Aft^ meffe a morfel he & his men token, im Miry wat^ J>e mornyg, his mouture he afkes ; Alle Jie hajjeles ]jat on horfe fchulde helden hy aft?. Were bou bufked on hor blonkke?, bi-fore ' 'pe halle jatej ; Ferly fayre watj pe folde, for pe forft clenged, I rede rudede vpon rak rifes pe fune, 1095 & ful clere coftej pe clowdes of J^e welkyn. Huteres vnhardeled hi a holt fyde, Rocheres rougen bi rys, for rurde of her homes ; Sume fel i pe fute, J>er pe fox bade, Traylej ofte a trayt'es, bi traut of her wyles ; 1700 A kenet kryes J'erof, pe hut on hy calles, His felajes fallen hy to, J?* fnafted ful Jiike, Runen forth i a rabel, i his ryjt fare ; & he fyfkej hem by-fore, J^ay fouden hy fone, & quen J^ay fegh hy w' fyjt, pay fued hy faft, 1705 Wrejande hy ful weterly with a wroth noyfe ; & he trantes & tornayee3 puv^ mony tene greue, Hamlouej, & herkenej, bi hegge^ ful ofte ; [fol. 114.] At pe laft bi a littel dich he lepej ou' a fpene, Stelej out ful ftilly, bi a ftrothe raude, i7iu Went haf wylt of pe wode, w* wylej fro pe houdes. pene wat? he went, er he wyft, to^ a wale tryft', „ , per Jire Jiro at a Jjrich prat hy at ones, > bi-forere, MS. * to to, MS. 64 SYR GAWAYN AND THE GRENE KNY3T. He blenched a3ayn bilyue, ms & ftifly ftart on ftray, With alle J^e wo on lyue, To ^e wod he went away. XXIV. Thene watj hit lif vpon hft to lyj^en }>e houdej, When alle J>e mute hade hy met, menged to-geder, 1720 Suche a forje at fat fyjt J»ay fette on his hede, As aUe J^e clamberande clyffes hade clat'ed on hepes ; Here he watj halawed, when hajjelej hy metten, Loude he wat5 jayned, w* jarande fpeche ; per he wal^ freted, & ofte fef called, 1725 & ay Jje titleres at his tayl, }>at tary he ne myjt ; Ofte he wat3 riinen at, when he out rayked, & ofte reled i ajayn, fo reniarde watj wyle. & je he lad hem bi lagmon, ]>e lorde & his meyny ; On Jjis man' bi Jie moutes, quyle myd, ou', vnder, 1730 Whyle J)e hende knyjt at home halfuly flepes, With ine jie comly cortyes, on J?e colde morne. Bot Jje lady for luf let not to flepe, Ne ]>e purpofe to payre, fat pyjt i hir hert, Bot ros hir vp radly, rayked hir feder, 1735 In a mery mantyle, mete to ]>e erjpe, pat watj furred ful fyne w* fellej wel pured. No hwej goud on hir hede, bot fe hajer ftones Trafed aboute hir treffd", be twenty i cluft'es ; Hir fryuen face & hir frote frowen al naked, 1740 Hir breft bare bifore, & bihinde eke. Ho comej w* ine ]>e chambre dore, & clofes hit hir aft', SYR GAWAYN AND THE GRENE KNYJT. 65 Waynej vp a wyndow, & on jje wyje callej, ^ & radly p rehayted hy, w* hir riche wordes, ' " A ! mon, how may J)" flepe, [foLiub.] pis mornlg is fo clere ? " He watj i drowpig depe, Bot J>ene he con hir here. XXV. In drej droupyg of dreme draueled }jat noble, 1750 As mon )7at wat5 in mornyg of mony Jjro J^ojtes, How J>at deftine fchulde jjat day his wyrde, At ]>e grene chapel, when he ]>e gome metes, & bi-houes his buffet abide, with oute debate more ; Bot quen fat comly he keu'ed his wyttes, 1755 Swenges out of ]>e fweuenes, & fwarej w' haft. pe lady luflych cum lajande fwete, Felle ou' his fayre face, & fetly hy kyffed ; He welcuej hir worJiUy, with a wale chere ; He fej hir fo glorio^, & gayly atyred, vm So fautles of hir fetures, & of fo fyne hewes, Wi5t wallande joye warmed his hert ; W fmojte fmylyg & fmolt fay fmeten i to m^'fe, _ pat al watj blis & bonchef, f at breke hem bi-twene, pay lanced wordes gode, Much wele ]>e wat3 ]f me, Gret pile bi-twene hem ftod, Nif mare of hir knyjt myne. ' bi, & sec, mam. K 66 SYR GAWAYN AND THE GRENE KNY3T. XXVI. For Jiat prynce of pris deprefed hy fo J)ikke, 1770 Nurned hy fo neje ])e Jjred, Ipat nede hy bi-houed, OJ)' lach J»er hir luf, d]f lodly refufe ; He cared for his cortayfye, left crajiayn he were, & more for his mefchef, jif he fchulde make fyne, & be traytor to Jjat tolke, }»at y telde ajt. 1775 " God fchylde," q >e fchalk, " fat fchal not be-faUe ! " W luf-lajyg a lyt, he layd hy by fyde Alle Jje fpechej of fpecialte Jjat fprange of her mouthe. q, Jjat burde to }»e burne, " blame je differue, 3if je luf not }iat lyf Jjat je lye nexte, i78o Bifore alle J)e wy3es I ]>& worlde, wouded I hert, Bot if 56 haf a leman, a leu?, Jjat yow lykej bett', & folden fayth to Jjat fre, feftned fo harde, [fol. 115.] pat yow laufen ne lyft, & Jjat I leue noujie ; And J)at je telle me fat, now trwiy I pray yow, . .. „ For aUe fe lufej vpon lyue, layne not J>e fofe, pe knyjt fayde, " be fayn Jon," & finefely con he fmyle, " In fayth I welde ri3t nori, 1790 Ne non wil welde J>e quUe." XXVII. " pat is a worde," q fat wyjt, " fat worft is of alle, Bot I am fwared for fof e, fat fore me f inkkej ; Kyffe me now comly, & I fchal each hef en, I may bot mo"ne vpon molde, as may fat much louyes." 1795 Sykande ho iwe^e dou, & femly hy kyffed, II ne pine. SYR GAWAYN AND THE GRENE KNYJT. 67 & fijien ho feu'es hy fro, & fays as ho ftondes, ^ " Now, dere, at J^is departyg, do me J>is efe, i ^ i V ' Gif me fumquat of J^y gifte,. ])i gloue of hit were, pat I may myne on ])e mon, my mcfnyg to laffen*" isoo " Now I wyffe," q Jiat wyje, " I wolde I hade here J)e leueft J^ig for Jiy luf, J^at I in londe welde, For 5e haf deferued, forfoJ>e, fellyly ofte v/ ■_, More rewarde bi refou, Jje I reche myjt, f-iis Bot to dele yow for drurye, y dawed bot neked ; il isos Hit is not ycf honcf to haf at J'is tyme A gloue for a garyfou, of Gawaynej giftej, & I am here an erande i erdej vncouJ>e, & haue no me wyth no malej, w* menfkful Jjigej ; pat miflykej me, lade, for luf at J^is tyme ', Iche tolke mon do as he is tan, tas to non elle, " Nay, hende of hyje hono"s," g, ])at luffu vnder lyne, " paj I hade ojt of yo"e3, isis 3et fchulde je haue of myne." * XXVIII. Ho rajt hy a riche rynk of red golde werke3, Wyth a ftarande fton, ftondande alofte, - pat here bluffchande beme5 as fe bryjt fune ; ^ ^ Wyt je wel, hit watj worth wele ful hoge. ' i. ism Bot ]>e renk hit renayed, & redyly he fayde, [foi.ii5>>.] "I wil no giftej for gode, my gay, at Jjis tyme ; I haf none yow to norne, ne nojt wyl I take." Ho bede hit hy ful byfily, & he hir bode wernes, > if.' « tyne.MS. 68 SYR GAWAYN AND THE GRENE KNYJT. & fwere fwyftely ' his fothe, J>at he hit fefe nolde ; 1825 & ho fore J>at he forfoke, & fayde ]P after, " If je renay my rynk, to ryche for hit femej, je wolde not fo hyjly halden be to me, I fchal gif yow my girdel, J>at gaynes yow laffe." Ho lajt a lace lyjtly, Jiat lake vmbe hir fyde, isso Knit vpon hir kyrtel, vnder J^e clere mantyle, Gered hit watj w* grene fylke, & w* golde fchaped, No3t hot aroude brayden, beten w* fyngrej ; & J>at ho bede to f>e bume, & blyjjely bi-fo5t pa5 hit vn-worj'i were, Jiat he hit take wolde. isss & he nay Jjat he nolde negli i no wyfe, NauJ^er golde ne garyfou, er god hy g^ce fende, To acheue to ]>e chauce J^at he hade chofen J^ere. " & Jjerfore, I pray yow, difplefe yow nojt, & lettej be yo" bifineffe, for I bayj)e hit yow neu', I am derely to yow biholde, Bi caufe of yo" fembelaut, & eu? i hot & colde To be yo" trwe feruaut." is« XXIX. " Now forfake 30 ]>is filke," fayde }>e burde J>ene, " For hit is fymple i hit felf, & fo hit wel feme3, Lo ! fo hit is httel, & laffe hit is worjjy ; Bot who fo knew )»e coftes J»at knit ar )>er ine. He wolde hit prayfe at more prys, parauenture ; isso For quat gome fo is gorde w* J^is grene lace. While he hit hade hemely halched aboute, ' fwyftel, MS. to graute ; SYR GAWAYN AND THE GRENE KNYJT. 69 per is no ha}iel vnder heuen to-hewe hy J^at myjt ; For he my5t not be flayn, for flijt vpon erj^e." Ipe kelt \)e knyjt, & hit come to his hert, isss Hit were a juel for ]>e joparde, J>at hy iugged were, When he acheued to J)e chapel, his chek forto fech ; My5 ' he haf flypped to be vn-flayn, ])e flejt were noble. [fol. 116.] pene he Jiulged with hir Jirepe, & fioled hir to fpeke, & ho here on hy J>e belt, & bede hit hy fwyj^e, mo & he g"nted, & hy gafe with a goud wyUe, & bi-fo3t hym, for hir fake, difceu' hit neu', Bot to lelly layne, for hir lorde ; te leude hy acorde?, „ „ o r ,-,■,■, ■ ■. rr 1 .-, . for no5te ; pat neu'^ wyje Ichulde hit wyt, I wyiie, bot pay twayne, He Jjonkked hir oft ful fwyjie, Ful Jiro w* hert & J^ojt, Bi Jiat on J^ryne fyj^e, Ho hat3 kyft jpe kny3t fo to3t. XXX. Thene lachche5 ho hir leue, & leuej hy Jiere, isro For more myrj»e of J'at mon mo3t ho not gete ; When ho * watj gon, i G. gere3 hy fone, Rifes, & riches hy ! araye noble, Lays vp )>e luf-lace, ]>e lady hy ra3t, Hid hit ful holdely, "jf he hit eft fonde ; ' 1875 Syjje cheuely to Ipe chapel chofes he J^e waye, Preuely aproched to a preft, & prayed hy J^ere J7at he wolde lyfte^ his lyf, & lern hy bett'. How his fawle fchulde be faued, when he fchuld feye hepe. pere he fchrof hy fchyrly, & fchewed his myfdede3, isso 1 my3t.? ^ he, MS. ^ lyfte .? 70 SYR GAWAYN AND THE GRENE KNYJT. Ofjpe more & ]?e myne, & m'ci befecHej, & of abfoluciou he on J>e fegge calles ; & he afoyled hy furely, & fette hy fo clene, As domej-day fchulde haf ben dijt on f e morn. & fyjjen he mace hy as mery amog J>e fre ladyes, ism W comlych caroles, & alle kynes ioye, ^ , . As neu' he did hot J»at daye, to J>e derk nyjt, ' Vche mon hade daynte f>are, Of hy, & fayde I wyffe, i89o p^ myry he watj neu? are, Syn he com hider, er ])is. XXXI. Now hy lenge i J^at lee, ]P luf hy bi-tyde ; Jet is Jje lorde on J^e laude, ledande his gomnes, He hatj forfaren Jiis fox, y he foljed longe ; 1895 As he fprent ou' a fpene, to fpye jpe fchrewe, [foi.116''.] per as he herd }>e howndes, Ipat hafted hy fwyj>e, Renaud com richchande Jiurj a ro3e greue, & alle Jje rabel i a res, ryjt at his helej. pe wyje wat3 war of \>e wylde, & warly abides, isoo & braydej out Jie bryjt bronde, & at j)e beft caftej ; & he fchut for J^e fcharp, & fchulde haf arered, A rach rapes hy to, ryjt er he myjt, & ryjt bifore Jje hors fete J)ay fel on hy alle, & woried me J^is wyly wyth a wroth noyfe. laos pe lorde lyjtej bi-lyue, & cachej by ' fone, Rafed by ful radly out of ]?e rach mouj^es, Haldej heje ou' his hede, halowej fafte, ' hy? SYR GAWAYN AND THE GRENE KNYJT. 71 & ]P bayen hy mony bray houdej ; Hutes hyjen hem J^eder, w* hornej ful mony, 1910 Ay rechatande aryjt, til fay J-e renk fejen ; Bi J>at watj comen his compeyny noble, AUe fat eu' ber bugle blowed at ones, & aUe fife of halowed, fat hade no homes, Hit wat3 f e myrieft mute fat eu' me herde, J3e rich rurd fat f watj rayfed for renaude faule," ^' ^°^^ ' Hor houdej fay ]P rewarde. Her ' hedej fay fawne & frote, & fyf en fay tan reynarde, 1920 & turnen of his cote. XXXII. & f ene fay helden to home, for hit watj niej nyjt, Strakande ful ftoutly i hor ftore hornej ; J^e lorde is ly3t at f e lafte at hys lef home, Fyndej fire vpon flet, fe freke f by-fide, 1925 Sir Gawayn f e gode, fat glad watj w* alle, Amog f e ladies for luf he ladde much ioye. He were a bleaut of blwe, fat bradde to f e erf e, His furkot femed hy wel, fat fofte watj forred, & his hode of fat iike henged on his fchulder, 1930 Blande al of blauner werebofe al aboute. He metej me fis god man i myddej f e flore, & al with gomen he hy gret, & goudly he fayde, " I fchal fylle vpon fyrft oure forwardej noufe, [foi. 117.] pat we fpedly han fpoken, f er fpared watj no drynk ; " n^r, pen acoles he [fe] knyjt, & kyffes hy fryes, ' her her, MS. 72 SYR GAWAYN AND THE GRENE KNYJT. As fauerly & fadly as he hem fette couJ>e. " Bi kryft," q, J>at o]P knyjt, " je each much fele, I cheuifauce of J^is chaflFer, jif 3e hade goud chepe3." " je of Jjc chepe no charg," q, chefiy fat of, mo " As is pertly payed Ipe chepej J>at I ajte." " Mary," q Jiat oji' mon, " myn is bi-hynde, For I haf huted al Jiis day, & nojt haf I geten, Bot Jjis foule fox felle, ]>e fende haf ]>e godej, & fiat is ful pore, for to pay for fuche prys J^iges, , As je haf Jryjt me here, }>ro fuche J>re coffes, " Ino5," g, i Gawayn, " I Jjonk yow, bi ]>e rode ; " — & how Jje fox wat3 flayn, im He tolde hy, as ])ay ftode. XXXIII. With nP]ie & mynftralfye, wyth metej at hor wylle, pay maden as mery as any me mojten, W* la5yg of ladies, w* lotej of bordej ; Gawayn & J^e gode mo fo glad were J^ay boJ)e, 1955 Bot if J»e douthe had doted, o]P dronken ben o]f, Bojje Jie mon & ]>e meyny maden mony iape3, Til ]>e fefou wat3 fe3en, Jjat )>ay feu' mofte ; Burne5 to hor bedde be-houed at fe lafte. pene lo3ly his leue at Ipe lorde fyrft i960 Fechche3 jjis fre mon, &'fayre he hy Jjonkke3, — " Of fuch a fellyly ' foiorne, as I haf hade here, Yo* hond", at }iis hy3e feft, ])e hy3e kyg yow 3elde ! I 5ef yow me for on of yo'e3, if yowre felf lyke3. feUy? SYR GAWAYN AND THE GRENE KNYJT. 73 For I mot nedes, as je wot, meue to morne ; wm & ?e me take fu tolke, to teche, as je hyjt, pe gate to Jie grene chapel, as god wyl me fufFer To dele, on nwjerej day, J>e dome of my wyrdes." " In god fayjje," q Jje god mon, " wyth a goud wylle ; Al J>at eu' I yow hyjt, halde fchal I rede." \m per afygnes he a feruaut, to fett hy I J^e waye, [fol.ii7b.] & coudue hy by )>e downej, Jjat he no drechch had, For to ferk ' Jjurj pe fryth, & fare at Jje gayneft, pe lorde Gawayn con jjonk, 197s Such worchip he wolde hy weue ; pe at jpo ladyej wlonk, pe knyjt hatj tan his leue. XXXIV. With care & wyth kyffyg he carppej hem tille, & fele Jjryuande Jjonkkej he jirat horn to haue, i98o & J^ay jelden hy ajayn" jeply J>at ilk ; pay bikende hy to kryft, w* ful colde fykygej. SyJ>en fro jpe meyny he menfkly departes ; Vche mon Jjat he mette, he made hem a Jjonke, For his feruyfe, & his folace, & his fere pyne, i985 pat J^ay wyth bufynes had ben, aboute hy to ferue ; & vche fegge as fore, to feu? w* hy Jiere, As J>ay hade wonde worjjyly w* Jjat wlonk eu'. pe w* ledes & lyjt he watj ladde to his chambre, & blyjiely brojt to his bedde, to be at his reft ; 1990 jif he ne flepe foudyly, fay ne dar I, 11 • v t • For he hade muche on Ipe morn to myne, jif he wolde, ' 1 frk, MS. * ajay, MS. 74 SYR GAWAYN AND THE GRENE KNY3T. Let hy lyje 'jpere ftille, He hat5 nere Jjat he fo3t, & je wyl a whyle be ftylle, I fchal telle yow how jiaj wro5t. [FYTTE THE FOURTH.] I. N ow nejej J^e nwjere, & J>e nyjt paffe3, fJe day dryuej to Ipe derk, as dryjtyn biddej ; Bot wylde wederej of ]pe worlde wakned J^eroute, 2000 Clowdes keften kenly ])e colde to fe erjje, Wyth nyje in nogfe of ]>e norj^e, ]>e naked to tene ; pe fnawe fnitered ful fnart, J^at fnayped }»e wylde ; J}e werbelande wynde wapped fro j^e hyje, & drof vche dale ful of diyftes ful grete. 2005 pe leude lyftened fed wel, Jiat lej i his bedde, paj he lowkej his liddej, ful lyttel he flepes ; Bi vch kok Jiat crue, he knwe wel 'pe fteuen '. [foi. 11 8. J Delitfly he dreffed vp, er Ipe day fprenged, For J^ere wat3 ly3t of a laupe *, J^at lemed i his chambre ; 2010 He called to his chamberlayn, ])iat cofly hy fwared, & bede hy bryg hy hi^ bruny, & his blonk fadel ; pat ojr* ferke3 hy vp, & feche3 hy his wede5, & gray]7e3 me € Gawayn vpon a grett wyfe. Fyrft he clad hy i his cloJ)e3, pe colde forto were ; 2015 ' This word is doubtful in the MS. , * laumpe ? SYR GAWAYN AND THE GRENE KNYJT. 75 & fyjjen his o>' harnays, Jat holdely watj keped, Bo]7e his pauce, & his platej, piked ful clene, pe ryge5 rokked of ])e rouft, of his riche bruny ; & al wat5 frefch as vpon fyrst, & he wat3 fayn Jjene, " *° '' ' He hade vpon vche pece, Wypped ful wel & wlonk ; pe gay eft I to Grece, pe burne bade bryg his blonk. II. Whyle ])e wlonkeft wedes he warp on hy feluen ; 202s His cote, wyth Tpe conyfauce of j^e clere werkej, Ennurned vpon veluet v'tuu^ ftone5, Aboute beten, & bouden, enbrauded femej, & fayre furred w* me wyth fayre pelures. jet laft he not J^e lace, J^e ladiej gifte, 2030 pat for-gat not Gawayn, for gode of hy feluen ; Bi he hade belted J^e bronde vpon his balje hauchej, pen dreffed' he his drurye double hy aboute ; Swyjje fwej^led vmbe his fwange fwetely, )>at knyjt, pe gordel of J>e grene filke, J>at gay wel bi-femed, 2035 Vpon Jjat ryol red cloj^e, Jiat ryche watj to fchewe. Bot wered not J)is ilk wyje for wele J>is gordel. For pryde of ]>e pendautej, ]>&} polyft Jiay were, & Jia5 J»e glyt'ande golde glent vpon endej, Bot forto faue hy felf, when fuffer hy by-houed, To byde bale w' oute dabate, of bronde hy to were, Bi J>at ]>e bolde mon bou, Wynej J^eroute bilyue, AUe Jte meyny of renou, 2045 of knyffe ; He Jjonkkej ofte ful ryue. L 2 76 SYR GAWAYN AND THE GRENE KNY3T. III. [fol.U8i>.] Thene wat3 Gryngolet grayj^e, J>at gret watj & huge, & hade ben foio'ned fau'ly, & i a fiker wyfe, Hy lyft prik for poyt, Jiat proude hors Jjene ; J7e wy3e wynej hy to, & wytej on his lyre, 2050 & fayde foberly hy felf, & by his foth fwerej, " Here is a meyny i J»is mote, Jiat on menfke fienkke3, — J3e mon hem mayntemes, ioy mot Jiay haue ; pe leue lady, on lyue luf her bityde ; jif Jjay for charyte cheryfen a geft, 2055 & halden bono" i her honde, J^e hajiel he 3elde, pat halde3 ]>e heuen vpon hy3e, & al fo yow alle ! & 3if I my5t lyf vpon londe lede any quyle, I fchuld rech yow fu rewarde redyly, if I my3t." pen fteppe3 he i to ftirop, & ftryde3 alofte ; 2000 His fchalk fchewed hy his fchelde, on fchulder he hit la3t, Gorde3 to Gryngolet, w* his gilt hele3, & he ftarte3 on Jje fton, ftod he no lenger, His hafel on hors wat3 Jiene, pat here his fpere & lauce, — " pis kaftel to kryft I kene. to prauce ; He gef hit ay god chauce !" IV. The brygge ■wat3 brayde dou, & ]?e brode 3ate3 Vn-barred, & born open, vpon boJ?e halue ; 2070 pe burne bleffed by bilyue, & ])e brede3 paffed ; Prayfes ]>e porter, bifore Jie prynce kneled, Gef hym god & goud day, J^at Gawayn he faue ; SYR GAWAYN AND THE GRENE KNY3T. 11 & went on his way, w* his wyje one, pat fchulde teche hy to tcfne to Jiat tene place, 2075 per J>e ruful race he fchulde refayae. pay bojen bi bonkke3, f bojej ar bare, pay clomben bi clyiFej, J)er clengej J^e colde ; pe heuen watj vp halt, bot vgly )>er vnder, Mift muged on Jie mor, malt on J)e moutej, 2080 Vch hille had a hatte, a myft-hakel huge ; Brokej byled, & breke, bi bonkkej aboute, Schyre fchat^ande on fchorej, ]?' Jjay dou fchowned. [foi. 119.] Welawylle wat? \q way, J>er ]?ay bi wod fchulden, «, x. ^ ^ 3. Til hit wat5 fone fefou, ]?at \t fune ryfes, pay were on a hille ful hyje, pe quyte fnaw lay bifyde ; pe burne J>at rod hy by, Bade his mayfter abide. sow V. " For I haf wonen yow hider, wy3e, at ]?is tyme, & now nar je not fer fro Jjat note place, pat 3e ban fpied & fpuryed fo fpecially aft' ; Bot I fchal fay yow for fofe, fy>en I yow knowe, & je ar a lede vpon lyue, fat I wel louy, 2090 Wolde je worch bi my wytte, je wor]jed \q bett^. pe place J>at je prece to, ful perelo^ is balden ; per wonej a wyje i pat wafte, \q worft vpon er))e ; For he is ftiffe, & fturne, & to ftrike louies, & more he is \q any mon vpon myddelerde, 2100 & his body bigger \l \q beft fowre, pat ar I Arjjurej ho^, heftor ', of ojr*. ' Hector? 78 SYR GAWAYN AND THE GRENE KNYJT. He cheuej Jiat chauce at Jje chapel grene; per paffes non bi Jiat place, fo proude i his armes, J)at he ne dyne^ hy to de]>e, w* dynt of his honde ; 2105 For he is a mon methles, & mercy non vfes, For be hit chorle, o]? chaplayn, J^at bi Jie chapel rydes, Monk, o]P maffe-preft, o]P any mon elles, Hy Jiynk as queme hy to quelle, as quyk go hy feluen. For J»y I fay J^e as fofe as je 1 fadel fitte, 2110 Com je fere, 50 be kylled, may Ipe knyjt rede, Trawe je me Jiat trwely, Jiaj je had twenty Ijoies ' He hat3 wonyd here ful jore. On bent much baret bende, 2115 Ajayn his dyntej fore, je may not yow defende." VI. " For ]>y, goude i Gawayn, let J>e gome one, & got3 a-way fu o)v' gate, vpon goddej halue, Cayre3 bi fu ojr" kyth, Jjer kryft mot yow fpede ; 2120 [foi.iigb.] & I fchal hy3 me hom a5ayn, & bete yow fyrre, pat I fchal fwere bi god, & alle his gode hal3e5. As help me god & fe halydam, & oJ>e3 i nogli, pat I fchal leUy yow layne, & lance neu' tale, pat eu' 36 fondet to fle, for freke J)at I wyft." 2125 " G"nt m'ci," q Gawayn, & gruchyg he fayde, " "Wei worth Jie wy5e, )>at wolde3 my gode, & j?at lelly me layne, I leue wel ])" wolde3 ! Bot helde ]?" hit neu' fo holde, & I here paffed, Fouded for ferde for to fle, i fo me J^at )>" telle3, 2130 i were a kny5t kowarde, I my3t not ' be excufed. ' mot, M.S'. SYR GAWAYN AND THE GRENE KNYJT. 79 Bot I wyl to J>e chapel, for chauce ]?at may falle, & talk wyth )>at ilk tulk J^e tale ]7at me lyfte, i -j. i, f Worjje hit wele, o]P wo, as J^e wyrde lykej, paje he be a fturn knape. To ftijtel, &' ftad w' ftaue, Ful wel con dryjtyn fchape, His feruautej forto faue." VII. " Mary !" q J^at ojP mon, " now J>" fo much fpelle5, 2140 pat Ji" wylt J»yn awen nye nyme to \)y feluen, & Jje lyft lefe Jjy lyf, ]>e lette I ne kepe ; Haf here jji helme on Jjy hede, yi fpere i }>i honde, & ryde me dou ]jis ilk rake, bi jon rokke fyde, Til J>" be brojt to J^e bojiem of }>e brem valay ; 2145 pene loke a littyl on J)e laude, on jji lyfte honde, & J>" fchal fe i Jiat flade ]>e felf chapel, & ]>e borelych burne on bent, jjat hit kepe3. Now farej wel on godej half, Gawayn Ipe noble, For alle ]je golde vpon groude I nolde go wyth fe, 21M Ne here ])e felajfchip Jjurj J»is fryth on fote fyrre." Bi ]7at J>e wyje 1 ])e wod wendej his brydel, Hit )?e hors w* Ipe helej, as harde as he myjt, ^_ Lepej hy ou' J>e laude, & leuej J^e knyjt j^ere, " Bi goddej felf," q, Gawayn, " I wyl nau]?^ grete ne grone, To goddej wylle I am fnl bayn, & to hy I haf me tone." 1 & &, MS. 80 SYR GAWAYN AND THE GRENE KNYJT. VIII. [foi. 120.] Thene gyrdej he to Gryngolet, & gederej ])e rake, 2ico Schowuej i bi a fchore, at a fchaje fyde, Ride5 Jjurj ]>e roje bonk, ryjt to Ipe dale ; & Jjene he wayted hy aboute, & wylde hit hy Jjojt, & feje no fygne of refette, bi-fydej nowhere, Bot hyje bonkkej & brent, vpon bo)je halue, aies & ruje knokled knarrej, w* knorned ftonej ; J3e fkwej of ]>e fcowtes fkayned hy Jjojt. J3ene he houed, Si wyth-hylde his hors at Jjat tyde, & ofte chauged his cher, J>e chapel to feche ; He fej non fuche i no fyde, & felly hym jjojt, 2170 Sone a lyttel on a laude, a lawe as hit were '; A balj berj, bi a bonke, J^e bryme by-fyde, Bi a forj of a flode, y ferked J^are ; pe borne blubred J^er ine, as hit boyled hade. pe knyjt kachej his caple, & com to \>e lawe, 2175 Lijtej dou luflyly, & at a lynde tachej J7e rayne, & his riche, with a roje brauche ; pene he bo3e5 to Jie berje, aboute hit he walkej, Debetande w* hy felf, quat hit be myjt. Hit hade a hole on ]>e ende, & on ay]jer fyde, 21S0 & ou?-growen w* greffe T glodes ay where, & al watj hol3 1 w*, no bot an old caue, t r 11 Or a creuiffe of an olde cragge, he coujje hit nojt deme, ' " We, lorde," q, jpe gentyle knyjt, 2185 " WheJ;er Ipis be jpe grene chapelle ; He myjt aboute inyd-ny5t, J3e dele his matynes telle !" ' we, MS. SYR GAWAYN AND THE GRENE KNY3T. 81 IX. " Now I wyffe," g, Wowayn, " wyfty is here ; pis oritore is vgly, w* erbej ovP growen ; 2190 Wei bifemej Jje wy3e wruxled i grene Dele here his deuociou, on J>e deuelej wyfe ; Now I fele hit is 'pe fende, I my fyue wyttej, pat hatj ftoken me Jiis fteuen, to ftrye me here ; pis is a chapel of meschauce, ]>SLt chekke hit by-tyde, 2195 Hit is ]pe crafedeft kyrk, J)at eu' I com Ine !" [foi.i20t>.] With he3e helme on his hede, his lauce I his honde, He romej vp to Jie rokke of J>o roj wonej ; pene herde he of J^at hyje hil, i a harde roche, Bijonde ]>e broke, i a bonk, a wonder breme noyfe, 2200 Quat hit clafed i J>e clyflF, as hit cleue fchulde, As one vpon a gryndelfton hade grouden a fy}>e ; What hit wharred, & whette, as wat' at a mulne, What hit rufched, & ronge, rawjje to here, pene " hi godde," q, Gawayn, " J»at gere, at' I trowe, , . Is ryched at ])e reu'ence, me renk to mete, Let god worche we loo, Hit helppej me not a mote, My lif ])a^ I for-goo, 2210 Drede dotj me no lote." X. Thene J^e knyjt con calle ful hyje, " Who ftijtlej i ]?is fted, me fteuen to holde ? as } M 82 SYR GAWAYN AND THE GRENE KNY3T. For now is gode Gawayn goande ryjt here, If any wyje ojt wyl wyne hider faft, 0]P now, o]P neu?, his nedej to fpede." " Abyde," q on on Ipe bonke, abouen on? his hede, " & >" fchal haf al ! haft, >at I fe hyjt ones." jet he rufched on J^at rurde, rapely a )>rowe, & wyth quettyg a wharf, er he wolde lyjt ; & fyj'en he keu''e3 hi a cragge, & comej of a hole, Whyrlande out of a wro, wyth a felle weppen, A dene3 ax nwe dyjt, Jje dynt w* o ' jelde W* a borelych bytte, bende by Jje halme, Fyled i a fylor, fowre fote large, Hit wat3 no laffe, bi ]jat lace J^at lemed ful bry3t. & Jie gome i }>e grene gered as fyrft, Bojpe J>e lyre & Jje legge3, lokkej, & berde, Saue ]iat fayre on his fote he foude3 on ]>e er]>e, Sette jje ftele to the ftone, & ftalked byfyde. When he wan to ]>& watter, Jjer he wade nolde, He hypped ou' on hys ax, & orpedly ftrydej, Bremly brojie on a bent, Jiat brode wat3 a-boute, [foi. 12].] i Gawayn J>e kny5t con mete. He ne lutte by no Jjyg lowe, pat o]P fayde, " now, ffwete, Of fteuen mon may J>e trowe." XI " Gawayn," q, Jiat grene gome, " god Jje mot loke I wyffe y^ art welcom^ wy3e, to my place, & ]?" hat5 tymed ]>i trauayl as t"e' mon fchulde ; on fnawe. ' to ? 2 welcon, MS. ' fee, MS. SYR GAWAYN AND THE GRENE KNY3T. 83 & )j" knowe3 )>e couenautej keft v^ by-twene, At jjis tyme twelmonyth J?" toke y fe failed, & I fchulde at jjis nwe jere jeply J^e quyte. & we ar I Jiis valay, v'ayly oure one, 2245 Here ar no renkes vs to rydde, rele as v^ likej ; Haf Jjy ]>Y helme of J>y hade, & haf here ])j pay ; Bufk no more debate ]>e I J>e bede J^ene, When Ji" wypped of my hade at a wap one." " Nay, bi god," g, Gawayn, " y me goft lante, 2250 I fchal gfuch ]>e no grwe, for gram Jiat fallej ; Bot ftv^tal be vpon onftrok, & I fchal ftonde ftylle, „ , , ' , , , •'no whare." & warp pe no wernyg, to worch as pa lykej. He lanad w* J^e nak, & lutta, 2255 & fchewed Ipai fchyre al bare, & lette as he no3t dutte. For drede he wolde not dare. XII. The ]>e gome I ]>e grene gray}ied hy fwyjje, Gedaraj vp hys gryme tole, Gawayn to fmyte ; 22fio W* alle )ja bur I his body he bar hit on lofte, Mut as majtyly, as marre hy he wolda ; Hada hit dryuen adou, as drej as he atled, per hade ban dad of his dynt, j>at do^tj watj evP. Bot Gawayn on ]jat gifarne glyfte hy byfyde, 22155 As hit com glydande adou, on glode hy to fchende, & fchranke a lytel w* fe fchulderes, for ]>e fcharp yrne. pat o]^ fchalk wyth a fchut ]>e fchene wyth-haldej, & Jiene repreuad he ]>e prynce w* mony prowde wordej : — " p'^ art not Gawayn," g, Jje gome, " ]?* is fo goud halden, 2270 pat nevP arjed for no here, by Jiylle ne be vale, M 2 84 SYR GAWAYN AND THE GRENE KNYJT. [fol. i2ii>.] & now )j" fles for ferde, er ]?" fele harmej ; Such cowardife of J^at knyjt cowfie I neu?' here. Nawjj' fyked I, ne fla3e, freke, quen J?" mynteft, Ne keft no kauelacou, in kygej ho^ Arthor, 227s My hede fla3 to my fote, & 5et £35 I neu' ; & Ji", er any harme hent, arje? i hert, ^ „ Wherfore Jie better burne me burde be called, "qG:", "Ifchutone3, 2280 & fo wyl I no more, Bot J»a3 my hede falle on J^e ftone3, I con not hit reftore. XIII. Bot bufk, burne, hi Jii fayth, & bryg me to Jje poyt, Dele to me my deftine, & do hit out of honde, 2235 For I fchal ftonde J^e a ftrok, & ftart no more, Til J>y ax haue me hitte, haf here my trawfe." " Haf at fe >ene," q y of, & heue3 hit alofte, & wayte3 as wrojiely, as he wode were ; He mynte3 at hy ma3tyly, bot not \ie mon r3nie3, 2290 With-helde het'-'ly his ' honde, er hit hurt my5t. Gawayn gray]3ely hit byde3, & glent w* no membre, Bot ftode ftyUe as ]>e fton, oj?' a ftubbe auj^er, pat rajieled is i roche groude, w* rote3 a hundreth. pe muryly efte con he mele, jpe mon 1 ]>& grene, 2:95 " So now Jj" hat5 Jji hert hoUe, hitte me bihoues^; Halde Jje now Jje hy3e hode, Jjat Arjjur Jje ra3t, & kepe J>y kanel at Jiis keft, 3if hit keu' may." G: ful gryndelly w* greme ]jene fayde, > hs, MS. 2 bihous, MS. SYR GAWAYN AND THE GRENE KNY3T. 85 " Wy ]?refch on, ]?" jjro mon, J?" Jiretej to longe, 2300 I hope ]?at ]>i hert arje wyth Jjyn awen feluen." " For fo>e," q >at oj)' freke, " fo felly >" fpekej, I wyl no leng' on lyte lette J)in ernde, J?ene tas he ' hy ftryjje to ftryke, 2305 & froufes boJ>e lyppe & browe, No meruayle J^aj hy myflyke, pat hoped of no refcowe. XIV. He lyftes lyjtiy his lome, & let hit dou fayre, [foi.122.] W ]je barbe of j>e bitte hi 'jpe bare nek; 2310 paj he homered het'ly, hurt by no more, Bot fnyrt hy on Jjat on fyde, Jiat fenced ]>e hyde ; pe fcharp fchrank to 'jpe flefche Jiur3 jpe fchyre grece, pat Jie fchene blod ou' his fchulderes fchot to jpe erjie. & quen J?e burne fe5 Ipe blode blenk on f>e fnawe, 2315 He fprit forth fpene fote more Jie a fpere lenjie, Hent hefly his helme, & on his bed caft, Schot "w* his fchulderej his fayre fcbelde vnder, Braydej out a bryjt fworde, & bremely he fpeke3 ; Neu' fyn )>at he wat3 burne borne of his moder, 2320 Wat3 he neu*'' i Ipis worlde, wy3e half fo blyj^e : — " Blyne, burne, of ]>j bur, bede me no mo ; I haf a ftroke i Jiis fted w* oute ftryf hent, & if Jjow reche3 me any mo, I redyly fchal quyte, & 3elde 3ederly a3ayn, & J? to 56 tryft, Bot on ftroke here me faUe3, pe couenaut fchap ry3t foo, ' he he, MS. & foo; 86 SYR GAWAYN AND THE GRENE KNY?T. ' i Arjjurej hallej, & Iper fore, hende, now hoo !" saao XV. The hajiel heldet hy fro, & on his ax refted, Sette Jje fchaft vpon fchore, & to J>e fcharp lened, & loked to Jie leude, J^at on J>e launde jede, How Jjat dojty dredles dernely J>er ftondej, Armed ful ajlej ; i hert hit hy lyke3. 2335 pen he melej muryly, wyth a much fteuen, & wyth a rykande rurde he to Jje renk fayde, " Bolde burne, on J>is bent be not fo gryndel ; No mon here vn-matfly Jje mys-boden habbe, Ne kyd, bot as couenaude, at kygej kort fchaped ; 2340 I hyjt J)e a ftrok, & ]?" hit hatj, halde J»e wel payed, 1 relece ]je of J>e remnaut, of ryjtes alle o]P ; jif ** I deliuer had bene, a bofFet, paraut', I coujje wroj>eloker haf, waret, to Jie haf wrojt ang' \ Fyrft I manfed Jie muryly, w* a mynt one, 2345 [fol.i22b.] & roue ]>e wyth no rof, fore w* ry5t I Jie pfered, For Jie forwarde J^at we feft i Je fyrft nyjt, & J)" tryftyly Je trawje & trwly me haldej, Al Je gayne Jiow me gef, as god mon fchulde ; pat ojr' mut for Jie morne, mon, I Jie profered, b" kvffedes my clere wyf, be coffe? me rajte?, „ , ^ , T^ i -u 4. i r 1. u A I. 4. J ^. 4. boute fcaje ; For hope two here I Je bede bot two bare myntes, ^ Trwe mon trwe reftore, pene Jar mo drede no waje ; 2355 At Je Jrid Jj" fayled Jore, & Ji' for Jat tappe tajie. ' Illegible. ^ uf, MS. » This word is doubtful. SYR GAWAYN AND THE GRENE KNY^JT. 87 XVI. For hit is my wede J>at y^ werej, y ilke wouen girdel, Myn owen wyf hit ])e weued, I wot wel forfo}>e ; Now know I wel J>y coffes, & "jpj coftes als, 2mo & Jje wowyg of my wyf, I wro3t hit myfeluen ; I fende hir to afay j^e, & fothly me Jjynkkej, On Jie fautleft freke, Jiat eu^ on fote jede ; As perle bi }»e quite pefe is of prys more, So is Gawayn, i god fayth, bi o]P gay kny5te5. xaes Bot here yow lakked a lyttel, f, & lewte yow wonted, Bot jjat watj for no wylyde werke, ne wowyg nav]P, Bot for je lufud yo" lyf, J>e laffe I yow blame." pat 6]f ftif mon I ftudy ftod a gret whyle ; So agreued for greme he gryed w* ine, 2370 AUe J)e blode of his breft blende i his face, pat al he fchrank for fchome, J^at }>e fchalk talked, pe forme worde vpon folde, Jiat ]>e freke meled, — ■ " Corfed worth cowarddyfe & couetyfe bojje ! I yow is vylany & vyfe, )>at v'tue difftryej." ijjs pene he kajt to \>e knot, & ]e belt to J^e burne feluen : — " Lo ! fier ])e falffyg, foule mot hit falle ! For care of J)y knokke cowardyfe me tajt To a-corde me w* couetyfe, my kynde to for-fake, ssso pat is larges & lewte, J^at longe5 to kny3te3. Now am I fawty, & falce, & ferde haf ben eu' ; ,, „ Of trecherye & vn-trawjje bojje bityde for3e, [foi. 123.] I bi-knowe yow, knyjt, here ftylle, sass Al fawty is my fare, Letej me ou'-take yo" wylle, & efte I fchal be ware." 88 SYR GAWAYN AND THE GRENE KNY3T. XVII. Then loje j^at 6\P leude, & luflyly fayde, " I halde hit hardily' hole, J»e harme Jjat I hade ; 2390 p" art confeffed fo clene, be-knowen of Jiy myffes, & hatj ]je penauce apert, of J»e poyt of myn egge, I halde J^e polyfed of fat ply3t, & pured as clene, As J>" hadej neu' forfeted, fyjie J?" wat5 fyrft borne. & I gif J»e, i, Jje gurdel J»at is golde hemed ; 2395 For hit is grene as my goune, i G:, je maye penk vpon J^is ilke Jrepe, ]P ])" forth J^rygej Amog prynces of prys, & Jjis a pure token Of ])& chauce of J^e grene chapel, at cheualro^ kny3te3 ; & je fchal i J>is nwe jer ajayn to my wonej, n a 1 h " & wafch y reuel J>e remnaut of Jiis ryche feft, per lajjed hy faft J^e lorde, & fayde, " w* my wyf, I wene. We fchal yow wel acorde, 2405 pat watj yo" enmy kene." XVIII. " Nay, for fojje," q, Jie fegge, & fefed hys helme, & hatj hit of hendely, & ]>e haj>el J^onkkej, " I haf foiorned fadly, fele yow bytyde, & he 3elde hit 30W 3are, Jjat 3arkke3 al mefkes ! 2410 & comaude3 me to Jjat cortays, ycf comlych fere, Bo)>e ]7at on & Jiat o]P, myn honored ladye3, pat Jr* hor kny3t wyth hor keft ban koytly bigyled. • hardilyly, MS. SYR GAWAYN AND THE GRENE KNYJT. 89 Bot hit is no ferly, Jia3 a fole madde, & J)ur5 wyles of wymen be wonen to forje ; 2415 For fo wat5 Adam i erde w* one bygyled, & Salamon w* fele fere, & Samfon eft fonej, Dalyda dalt hy hys wyrde, & Dauyth Jier aft^ Wat3 blended w* Barfabe, J^at much bale Jjoled. Now fese were wrathed wyth her wyles, h* were a wyne huge, 2420 To luf horn wel, & leue hem not, a leude J»at coujje, [foi.1231'.] For J»es wer forne }>e freeft J>at foljed aUe J>e fele, Exellently of alle }>yfe o]P, vnder heuen-ryche, ^ ' & alle ]>aY were bi-wyled, 2425 With ' wymen ]7at fiay vfed, paj I be now bigyled, Me J^ink me burde be excufed." XIX. " Bot yo" gordel," g, G: " god yow for-jelde ! pat wyl I welde wyth good wyUe, not for J>e wyne golde, 243u Ne J»e faynt, ne jpe fylk, ne ]?e fyde pendaudes, For wele, ne for worchyp, ne for Ipe wlonk werkkej, Bot i fygne of my furfet I fchal fe hit ofte ; When I ride i renou, remorde to myfeluen pe faut & ]>e fayntyfe of Ipe flefche crabbed, 2435 How tender hit is to entyfe teches of fyljie ; & J)^, quen pryde fchal me pryk, for prowes of armes, pe loke to J^is luf lace fchal le]>e my hert. Bot on I wolde yow pray, difplefes yow nexP ; Syn je be lorde of the jonder londe, ]P I haf lent ine, 2140 Wyth yow wyth worfchyp, — ]>e wyje hit yow 5elde 1 with wyth, MS. N 90 SYR GAWAYN AND THE GRENE KNY3T. pat vp-haldej ]>e heue, & on hyj fittej, — How norne je yowre ry3t nome, & ]>ene no more ?" " pat fchal I telle ]>e trwly," a y o'jf ]>eD.e, " Bernlak de Hautdefert I hat I Jjis londe, 2445 purj myjt of Morgne la Faye, Jiat i my ho^ lenges, • & ' koyntyfe of clergye, bi craftes wel lerned, J3e mayftres of M'lyn, mony ho ^ taken ; For ho hat5 dalt drwry ful dere fu tyme, With J>at conable klerk, J)at knowes alle yo" kny3te5, ' Morgne Jie goddes, perfore hit is hir name ; Weldej non fo hyje hawteffe, pat ho ne con make ful tame. 2455 XX. Ho wayned me vpon J»is wyfe to yo" wyne halle, For to affay J^e furquidre, jif hit foth were, pat renes of ]>e grete renou of Jie Roude Table ; Ho wayned me Jiis wonder, yo wyttej to reue, [foi. 124.] For to haf greued Gayno , & gart hir to dyje, 2400 W* gopnyg of ]3at ilke gomen, J)at goftlych fpeked, W* his hede i his honde, bifore J»e hyje table, pat is ho Jiat is at home, J>e aucian lady ; Ho is euen Jjyn aut, ArJ^urej half fufter, pe duches do3ter of Tyntagelle, Jiat dere Vt' aft'' 24C5 Hade ArJ^ur vpon, J»at ajjcl is nowj^e. perfore I ejpe fie, hajiel, to com to J»y naut, Make myry i my ho^, my meny ]>e louies, & I wol fe as wel, wy5e, bi my fay the, ' in ? !> ho hatj ? SYR GAWAYN AND THE GRENE KNYJT. As any gome vnder god, for ]>j grete trauj^e." & he nikked hy riaye, he nolde hi no wayes ;— pay acolen & kyffen, [bikennen] ayj>er o]P To Ipe prynce of paradife, & parten ryjt fiere, Gawayn on blonk ful bene, To \)e kyges burj bufkej bolde, & Jie knyjt i ]>e enker grene, Whiderwarde fo evP he wolde. 24?0 on coolde ; 2475 XXI. Wylde wayej i fe worlde Wowen now rydej, On Gryngolet, J^at Ipe g'ce hade geten of his lyue ; Ofte he herbered i houfe, & ofte al Jjeroute, & mony a-venture i vale, & venquyft ofte, pat I ne tyjt, at J»is tyme, i tale to remene. pe hurt watj hole, ]?at he hade hent i his nek, & Jje blykkande belt he here Jieraboute, A belef as a bauderyk, bouden bi his fyde, Loken vnder his lyfte arme, J^e lace, w* a knot, I tokenyg he wat5 tane i tech of a faute ; & ]r' he comes to Jje co t, knyjt al i foiide. per wakned wele I ])S± wone, when wyft \)e grete, pat gode G : watj comen, gayn hit hym Jjojt ; pe kyg kyffej J»e knyjt, & Jie whene alee, & fyjjen mony fyker knyjt, }»at fojt hy to haylce, Of his fare ]7at hy frayned, & ferlyly he telles ; Bi-knowej alle j>e coftes of care Jjat he hade, — pe chauce of J)e chapel, J^e chere of J^e knyjt, [foi. 124".] pe luf of ]>e ladi, ]je lace at ]>e laft. pe nirt i ])e nek he naked hem fchewed, pat he la3t for his vnleute at ])e leudes hondes, N 2 3430 24S5 2490 2495 for blame ; 92 SYR GAWAYN AND THE GRENE KNYJT. He tened quen he fchulde telle, He groned for gref & grame ; fe blod i his face con melle, When he hit fchulde fchewe, for fchame. XXII. " Lo ! lorde," q, "jpe leude, & jje lace hondeled, 2505 " pis is ]>e bende ofjpis blame I here [in] my nek, pis is ]>e la)ie & Jjc loffe, f>at I lajt haue, Of couardife & couetyfe, J^at I haf ca5t ])axe, pis is ]>e token of my trawjje, J^at I am tan Ine, & I mot nedej hit were, wyle I may laft ; 2510 For non may hyden his harme, hot vnhap ne may hit. For ]r' hit one3 is tachched, twyne wil hit neu'." pe kyg comforte3 J^e knyjt, & alle Jie cot als, Lajen loude ]P at, & luflyly acorden, pat lordes & ladis, y longed to J)e Table, 2515 Vche burne of ])& broJ)'-hede a bauderyk fchulde haue, A bende, a belef hy a-boute, of a bryjt grene, & Jiat, for fake of fiat fegge, i fwete to were. For fat watj acorded ]>& renou of ]>e Roude Table, & he honored Jjat hit hade, eu' more aft', 2620 As hit is breued i Ipe heft boke of romauce. p^ i Arthur^ day fis aut' bitidde, pe Brut^ bokef "jf of beres wytteneffe ; SyJ»e Brut^, fe bolde burne, bojed hider fyrft, Aft' J)e fegge & J^e afaute wat) fefed at Troye, " ^^ ' Mony aut'ej here bi-fome, Haf fallen fuche er fis : — Now Jiat here J?e crou of forne. He bryg v^ to his blyffe ! AMEN. 2530 VCfft atontprs? of ^vtifuvt at tfie %tvnt IKatljelpne. flere ij^wnes tlDJe aVptit^rs o! 9irt|)ure at tje Cetne raiatf)elp» I I. [foi. 154.] g N 'Kyng Arthure tym ' ane awntir by-tyde, By the 'TerneWahethelyn, als * the buke teUis, Als^ he to Carelele was c5men, that* conqueroure kyde, With dukes, and w** ducheperes, J^at w* ]:at° dere duellys, For' to hunte at the herdys, Jjat lange hafe ^ bene hyde ; 5 And ^ one a daye )»ay Jiam '° dighte to Jj^ depe delUs, To fefl-e" of f* femmales, in ]}<"' forefte Vele frythede", Faire 'in the fernyfone tyme, by fry this ^*, and fellis. Thus to Y'^ wode are'* thay wente, the wlonkefte in wedys, 1 Bothe the kynge, and the qwene, -, j And att Ip^ doghety by-dene, Dame Gayenoure he ledis.-l Syr Gawane, gayefte one grene, ' I. — 1 the tyme of Arthur, MS. Douce. * Tximewathelan, as.' ^ Whan. * and. ^ This word omitted. " fe. . ' Ow. s had. » Om. 'o hem. "fall'. ^<' Om. '3 and frydde. '* by fe firmyfchamis, in frithes. '= Om. '« arn. 96 THE AWNTYRS OF ARTHURE. II. And' thus £ Gawane Jp* gay, dame* Gayencf he ledis, In a glet'ande gyde, jiat glemet futt gaye ; With riche rebanes reuerffede, 'who J?*' righte redys, Raylede w* rubes, 'one royalle* arraye ; Hir hude 'was of hawe* hewe, J>* hir hede hydys, 'Wroghte w* peloure, and patte, and° perrye to paye ; Schruedede' in a fchorte cloke, J>at the rayne fchrydes", Sett ou' w* fafyrs, futt'' fothely to saye. 'And thus wondirfuUy was alt Ip^ wyghtis wedys'", Hir fadiit femyde " of fat ilke, 1 'Semlely fewede w*'* fylke ; Gayely fcho" glydis. -J One a muyle als" the milke>- III. Thus' alle in glet'ande golde gayely fcho* glydis The gates, w* i Gawane, by a^ grene wette ; 'Nane hot hym felfe, one a' blonke, 'by y birde^ bydis. That borne was in Burgoyne, by buke, & by belte ; so He ledde y lady so lange by 'j^ofe lande5° fydys, Sythen' vndir a 'lorere fcho^ lyghte, lawe by a feite ; Sir' Arthure, w* his erles, fuil'° erneftly rydis. To teche 'J^ain to faire triftis, trewely" to tefte. II.— ' Ow. ^ Om. s ho fo. ■'ofriair. = of a herde. « Of pillo^ of pal- werk, of, ' Schurde. » fhedes. ^ Om. '° With fafires & feladynes, fet by ])e fides. " fette. ■* Saude with fambutes of. "as. "^ flie. III. — ' Om. ^ ho. 3 fe. * And fat burne, oii his. ' with the Quene. ^ pe lawe, 7 Om. ^ lorre fey. » And. '" Om. " hem to her triftres, fe trouthe for. THE AWNTYRS OF ARTHURE. 97 To 'fiaire triftis he J^am taughte, who y righte'^ trowes, like a" lorde, w' owttyn lett, — At his trifle was he sett'*, W bowe and w* barcelett, Vndir J^ofe" bewes. IV. Vndir Jiofe' bewes Jjay bade, ]>oie beryns so bolde, To bekire at 'J»ofe barrayne*, in bankis so bare ; « [foi.i54b.j Thay kefte of jjaire' copitts, in clyfFes so calde ; Thay recomforthed Jjaire* kenettis, to 'kele J^am' of care ; pare myghte 'hirdmen, hendely forfothte', herdis by-halde, Herkyn huntynge 'w* hornnes', in holtis so harej pay 'fellede downe^ Y femmatis, fuft thikke folde, 45 W frefche hundis, and fefte, 'felonofly ]>aj^ fare 'pay queftede'", and quellys, By" frythis and feUis, 'pat y dere dwellys'', '& darkys and darys".- 'Afte darkis' the dere, 'and to down fchowys*, And% for J)« dowte* of J"^ dede* drowpys the daa, And by ])^ ftremys so ftrange, J>at fwyftly swoghes°, '■2 here triftres he hem taujt, ho fe trouth. '^ Eche. '■* To an oke he hem fette. '5 fe. IV. — ' fe. 2 fes baraynes. ' here. * Conforte her. * hele hem. ^ hafeles in hi?. 7 in haft, s fel of. » fei foloweii her. '« "With gret queftes. " Both in. I- All' the dure in fe delles. " They durken, and dare. In MS. Douce the lines 5, 6 are transposed before the two which precede. In both MSS. a line seems wanting (the ninth) to complete the stanza. V. — ' Then durkeil. ^ in fe d^me fkuwes. ' fat. ■* drede. * detft. « This line is omitted in MS. D. 98 THE AWNTYRS OF ARTHURE. pay wery ])^ wilde fwyne, and 'wyrkkis Jam waa^ ; Thay hunte, and halowes, in holttis and hillys% 'And tift faire rifte, raches relyes on ]jaire raye° ; Thay gafe no'° gamefi, 'no grythe", y one grownde growes, Grete hundis'^ [in the greues"] fatt'* gladly 'gan gaa". Thus thies gomes J^ay ga'^ in grevys so grene, 'And boldly blawes rechayfe'^, — And folowes '^ fafte one J>^ trafe,- W* many fergyaunte of mace, — Swylk'' folauce to fene. VI. Thus' w* folauce 'paj femelede*, the prowdefte in patte, And few' to J?® foueraygne, 'in cleues fo clene* ; uo Nane' hot i Gawane, the^ gayefte of afte, By-leuys w* dame Gajmo" in 'Jjofe gi'eues' grene ; Vndir a lorrere 'fcho laye^ ]>aX lady fo fmatte, Off boxe, and of barborane'', byggyde fntt bene ; Fafte by-fore vndrone'", this ferly gun" falle, m And this mekitt mervefte, Jiat I of '^ mene. Now will" I of this mervette meen, jif I mote ; The daye waxe als dirke, Ais" it were mydnyghte myrke ;- Ther of 'f Gawane"* was irke, And lyghte one his fote. — ' ' worchen he wo. « The huntes fei halowe, in hurftes and huwes. ^ And bluwe rechas, ryally fei ran to the ro. '° to no. " Om. '^ fe grete gre[u]ndes. >3 Supplied from MS. D. '* fo. '* fei go. '* So gladly fei gon. " The king blowe rechas. 's folowed. " J>'. VI. — ' Om. * femble. ^ fuwen. * w' in fchaghes fchene. * Al. " Om. 7 greues fo. * ho was li3t. " berber. '" vndre. " coii. '* fhal of. " wol. '■* As. '* fe king-. THE AWNTYRS OF ARTHURE. 99 VII. Thus one' fote are Jiay lyghte, Jjofe* frekis vn-fayne, And 'fledde fafte to' the forefte, and'' to y fawe* fellis ; Thay raiie fafte to the roches, for reddoure of ]>^ rayiie®, For ])* Tlete, and y snawe, Jiat snayppede J»aih so fnetie' ; 75 Thare come a lowe one the loughe, 1 lede es noghte^ to layne, Iia the lyknes of Lucyfere, layeth efte in hette ; And glyddis to 'dame Gaynoure^ the gatis futt'" gayne, '3ollande jamyrly", with many lowde 5ette"'. ^It jellede, it jamede, witfe vengeance fuft'' wete; And saide, 'ofte syghande futt'* sare,-| " I ame" the body Y >^" bare, [foi. 155.] Alias ! now kyndyls my kare, I gloppyii"' and I grete!" - VIII. Thane gloppenyde, and grett, dame' Gaynoure the gay, ss And afkede^ i Gawayne, whatt Vas his befte' rede ? " It es* the chppes of the mone*, I herde a clerke saye ;" — And thus he comforthede^ J;* qwene, w" his knyghtehede. — " Sir Cadore, 'Sir Caduke, Sir Coftarde', Sir Kaye, Thir^ knyghtis are'° vn-curtayfe, by crofe, & by crede! w That thus 'me hafe lefte in this erthe, at my dede" daye, VII. — 'to. ^ faren J?es. 'fleenfro. * Om. ^fewe. ^ This line and line 6 are omitted in MS. D. ' fneterand fnawe fnartly hem fiielles. ^ Jede of fe lawe, in londe is not. » Syr Gawayn. i" to. " 3aiiland, and jomerand. '^ jelles. " Hit jatQes, hit jamers, w' waymynges. '* with fiking. "^ ^aS. '^ me. '' gloppe. VIII. — ' Om. * feid to. ' is fi good. ■* ar. * fon. ^ confortes. ' for. 8 Sir Cleges, Sir Coftardyne. " pes. '" arn. " oonly haue me laft oii my def^. o 2 100 THE AWNTYRS OF ARTHURE. Witii the gryfelyefte gafte, Jiat eu' herde I grete'^ !" — " 'At this" gafte," quod 'f Gaweayne'% " greue jowe no more;-] I" satte fpeke w* jone'* fpyrete, 1 In jone wayes so" wete, If I'^ maye the bales bete, Ofjone'" body bare." IX. Bare was hir' body, and blake to the bone, Atte by-claggede in claye, Vn-comlyly clede^ ; It 'weryit, it wayemettede, lyke' a womari, 't)at now])' one hede, ne on hare, hillynge* it hade ; It ftottyde^ it ftounede, it ftode als° a ftane. It marrede, it 'mo"nede, it moyffed' for made. 'Vn to Jiat" gryfely gafte i Gaweayne es gane ; He raykede 'to it one^ a rafe, for he'" was neu' rade". Tor rade'* was he neu', 'nowe who ])'" ryghte redys ;- One Y chefe of >^ cholte", A 'tade pykit one hir'* potte, Hir eghne ware '° holkedefutt hotte,-' 'Glowand als" gledis. X. Atte glowede 'als gledis' the gafte, whare fcho" glydis, 'Vmbyclede in^ a clowde, 'w* clethynge* vn-clere ; '^ Written at first grede, and so MS. D. " Of fe. '■• fe gome. '* For I. "> pe. »7 And of fe wayes I shall'. 's What. '^ fe. IX. — 1 fe. * in vncomly cladde. ^ varied, hit wayment, as. * But on hide, ne on huwe, no heling. = ftemered. « as. ' memered, hit mufed. * Agayn f e. out at. 10 Om. 11 drad. i^ Drad. is ho fo. " cloUe. is pade pikes oii fe. »6 Om. " That gloed as f e. X. — 1 as a glede. ^ fere ho. ^ Vmbe-clipped hi w'. ■* of cleyng. THE AWNTYRS OF ARTHURE. 101 Cerkelytt' with serpentes, 'j^at satt by hir* sydes; — To tefte J>^ dedis' Jjer one, my tonge were to* tere. The ^beryn brawndeche owte his'' brande, and the body bydis, There fore Jiat'° cheualrous knyghte 'thoghte it" no chere ; no The hundes 'are to billys '^ & 'j^aire hedes" hydes, For ]>aV* gryfely gafte made so" gryme here. The grete grewhundes were agayfte, 'for ])&V^ grymbere ; The birdes on" the bewes, pat one 'that gafte gewes'*, — Thay clyme" in the clewes^, • That'hedow^swheiiJ'ay'" here.-' XI. 'Who Jiat myghte Jiat hedows see, hendefte in' haulte, How 'hir chofte chatirede, hyr chaftis, and hir^ chyne ; 119 Thane conivirede 'hir ]:)at^ knyghte, and* one Crifte guii' he catte, — " AUs^ ])ou was crucyfyede one croyfe, to 'faue vs fra' syn, 'Thou fpirette, saye' me the fothe, whedir ]:)at' J»ou salt, And whi Jiat' ]pouwalkes'° thies wayes, thies" woddis, w' inii?" — " I was of fegure, and 'of flefche, the'* fayerefte of afte, Criftenede, and kryfomede'^ with kynges in my kyn. 125 [foi.issb] I hafe kynges in my kyii, knawen 'kyde fuli" kene; God hafe 'fent me this'* grace, To drye my paynes in this place, — 'And nowe am I comen one a pafe'^,-! To fpeke witti 5oure qwene.-J * Skeled. ^ all' aboute fe. ^ todes. ^ full'. ° burne braides out fe. '" Je gooft glowes. '° fkryke. ^ fkowes. ^^ hafeles may. XI. — ' Hafelefe mijt here fo fer into. '■' chatered ]>e choUe, fe chalus oii fe. ^ pe. ♦ Om. * coil. « As. ' clanfe vs of. e That ]j» fei. ^ Om. 1° walkeft. " ]>e. '^ face. " knoweii. '''for. In MS. L. first written "for kyde," but afterwards " for" crossed out and " full' kene" added. '* me geven of his. '^ I am comeri in fis cace. 102 THE AWNTYRS OF ARTHURE. XII. Qwene was I Vhilome, wele' bryghtere of browes, Than Beryke*, or Brangwayne, the' byrdis so balde ; Of 'any gamnes, or gudis\ J^at one the' grownde growes, Wele° grettere J)an' Gayno'", of garfomes', & of golde, Of 'pales, of powndis, of parkes'", of plewes, 135 Of townnes, of towris, of trefoures" vn-tolde, 'Of centres, of cafteits", of cragges, of clewes ; 'And riowe am I cachede'' owte of 'kytfie, in" carys so colde ! In" care am I cachede'*, and cowchede in claye ; Loo" ! curtayfe knyghte, How 'J>at dede" hafe me dyghte ; — I Of Gayeno"" the gaye." Nowe gyffe me anes'^ a syghte, — XIII. 'Nowe to' Gayencf Jj^ gaye Sir Gaweayne es gane, And to J)at* body 'hafe he' broghte 'that birde J)en fo^ bryghte : us " "Welecome, "Wayncf !" 'fcho fays, " ])"* worthye in wane ! Loo ! howe jjat* dulefutt dede' hafe thi dame dyghte. I was reddere in* rode J»an rofe in Ji^ rayne ; My lyre als° the lely, 'lufely to syghte'", And" nowe 'I am a grifely'* gafte, and 'grjrmly granes'% iso W Lucefere, in a lake, lawe ame I lyghte. XII. — ' fome wile. * Berell'. ' pes. ■* al gkmen, or gle. * Om. ^ Om. ' fen Dame. « garfon. ^ Om. '° palaies, of paikes, of pondes. •' trefo''. '*' Of cas- telles, of contreyes. " Now ame I cau^t. " kide, to. " Into. '^ caught. " Lo ! fir. '8 delfulle detfi. '^ Lete me onys haue. XIII.T-r> After. * fe. ' he her. -* and to fe burde. ' i-wis. « 0^. 7 detb. » of. ^ as. "> lonched on hight. " Om. '* am I a gracelos. " grifly I gron. THE AWNTYRS OF ARTHURE. 103 *Thus am I lyke to Lucefere, takis witnes" by mee ;- For alt 3oure" frefche fauoure,- 'Nowe moyfe one this'° mirroure, — Thus salt je bee. For bothe" kynge and empoure, — ' XIV. And' thus dede wilt 50W dighte, 'takis witneffe by me^ And^ there one hertly takis^ hede, whils J?** J5" es° here ; Wlien Jjou 'es richely' arrayede, and 'rydes in a° rowte, Hafe ]>ah^ pete, '& mynd'" one Y pore, for" Jj" arte of powere ; leo Beryns, and byrdis, 'are befye'* the a-bowte, Wheii thi body es bawmede, and broghte appone" here, Thane 'wilt fay leue the lyghtely'*, J^at nowe wilt the lowte, "And thane helpes the" no thynge, hot halye prayere. The prayere of J)^'^ pore 'chaffes the from helte" ; Of 'Jjafe Jjat jelUs at thi" jate, — When y sittis'" in thi sette, With alt mirthes at thi"" mete, ' 'Some dayntes Jiou dele^'. -< XV. With daynteths' one deffe, thi dyetes are dyghte, 170 And thus^ in dawngere, and dole, 'I downe, &^ I duelte; Nafty*, and nedfult, and^ nakede one nyghte, [foi. 156.] pere folowes° me a ferde of fendis 'full felt' ; '^ Take truly tent tijt nowe. '* ]>i. '^ Mufe on my. " Om. XIV. — ^ Om. * thare you not doute. ' Om, ■* take. ' Om. ^ art. ' art richeft. ^ rideft in pi. » Qm. i" Om. " Om. " fat beii. " on a. ^* lit^ wyii pe light. '* For feii he helpes, "^ Om. '? may purchas fe pes. " that fou yeues at \>e. " fou art fet. ^ Om. *' And dayntes on des. XV. — ' riche dayntes. ^ I. ^ in dongoii. ' Naxte. * Om. ° folo. ' of heUe. 104 THE AWNTYRS OF ARTHURE. Thay harle me vnhendely, 'and hewys' me one h'yghte ; In braffe, and in bromstane, I 'burne als^ a betJe ; 17s Was neu' wroghte in this werlde a wafullere wyghte ; It were 'tore titt'° any tonge my tourmenttis" to tette ! Bot'^ now witt I of my tourment talke", or I gaa ; Thynke hertly on this, 1 Now" fande to mende of* thi mys ;- Bewarrenow, "bemy waa!"- For'° thou ertewarnede, I wyffe, — XVI. " Now' wo es me, for thi waa!" sayd^ Wayno*", " I wyffe, Bot 'a worde^ wolde I wete, and* thi witt ware ; GyfF* matyiis, or meffes^ myghte oghte'^ mendeii^ thi myffe, m Or any mobytts^ on molde, my myrthis'" ware the mare ; Or" bedis of bechopis myghte brynge the to blyffe. Or coueiitis, in cloyft's'^, myghte kele" the of care ; For" if J>ou be my modir, grete m'vette'* it es. That 'thi burlyche'* body es blakenede'^ fo bare ! — 190 " I bare the of my body ; whate bote es 'to lye'^ ? 'Be that to takenynge'^ thou trowe,-| 1 brake a folempne a-vowe, 'And f-* fore dole I drye^"."-J 'That none wyfte, bot I &^ thowe.J 8 fei harme. = breii as. 1° ful tore, " t'ment. '^ Om. " tel. h Om. '^ Om. >6 Om. '7 Om. XVI.— ' Om. ^ q"*- 3 one })ing. ■'if. *. If aufer. « mas. '^ Om. ^ meude. 9 meble. '" merthe. " If. >* cloiftre. " kere. '* Om. '* wonder. "^ al fi burly. 1' brou3t to be. »8 h* j j^^yg^ is By f' token. 20 And no man wift h' but. =' pat fofely Ifayn. The lines 10, 11, 12 of this stanza in MS. D. stand in order 12, 10. 11, THE AWNTYRS OF ARTHURE. 105 XVII. " Tette me now' fothely, what may 'safe thi sytis^ And I sail 'garre feke fayntes', for thi fake ; Bot 'of thafe* balefutt beftis, y one thi body bytys', Atte 'blendis my blode, thi blee es^ foo blake." — " 'This es it to luffe pamoures, and luftis, and htys', 200 That gerfe" me lyghte and 'lenge so lawe in Jjis^ lake ; For"" afte the welthe of this" werlde thus"' a-waye wytis ; 'This werlde es wandrethe, J^at wirkis'^ me wrake. For" wrake 'it me wirkis, now" Waynoure, I wyffe ; Were thritty trentafts doiie, 'By-twyxen vndrorie'^ and none, — Andbroghte'i to" blyffe."- My saule 'were saluede full" fone,- XVIII. ' " To blyffe brynge the that^ barne, y 'dere hafe the boghte^ That was crucyfiede one croyfe, & crownnede w* thorne ; 210 Cryftynnede^ and kryfomede, w* candii^'s^ and coude, 'FuUede in funftane, fuft' frely by-forne ; Mary, '}»at es' myghty, and* myldefte of mode, 'That bare y blyffchede^ in Bedleme was borne, XVII. — ' Say. 2 pe faueii, y-wys. = make fere men to finge. * fe. * is_ 6 bledis my ble, pi bones arn. ' pat is liif par amo', liftes, and delites. ^ has. ^ ls.it I03 in a. '" Om. " pe. '^ p*. " With pe wilde wermis, p* worche. ''' Om. '5 pei me worchen. '^ By-twene vnder. " focoured with. '* to pe. XVIII. — ' In the Lincoln MS. this and the two next stanzas, are misplaced,, and appear as the XIX., XX., and XVIII. The peculiar form of the verses, and the au- thority of MS. D. both confirm the order now adopted. * pe. ' brought [boghte }"] pe ofi rode. * As pou -was criftened. * candel. ^ Folowed in fonteftone oii. ' pe. 8 Om. s Of whom pe blifful banne [barne]. P 106 THE AWNTYRS OF ARTHURE. Gyffe'" me grace, 'for to" grete 'thy saule w* some gude'^ And mene" the w* meffes", and matynes" one morne." — " To 'mene me'® w* meffes, grete 'menfke nowe" it were ; For hym, y ryfte one the rode, 1 Gyffe nowe'' fafte of thy gade,~| 'Whyfts >at^ >ou erte here."J To folke >at fayles" the fude, -J XIX. " Now' here hertly one* hande, 'I hete the' to halde, W* a melyone of meffes to make 'thy menynge*. — 'Bot one worde," faide dame Wayno , " nowe wiete J>* I walde', Whate greues" Gode mofte 'of any kyns thynge' ?" — " Pride, w* 'apparementis, als' pphetis haue' tolde, By-fore y pople 'appertly, in thaire" p'chynge ; 'The [bowe] is full" bittire, ])are of be thou balde, It'* makis beryns 'futt balde", to breke his byddynge. 'Who fo'* his byddynge brekis, 'bare he es'* of blyffe ; — Bot Jjay be falued of that sare, — Certis'®, or ])aj hethyn fare, Waynoure, I wys." — Thay moii wiete" of calde'^ care, — 10 Lene. 'i f' I may. »* few' gode. '^ mynge. '* matens. 's maflfes. >6 mende vs. 1' myfter. '» Om. '» fallen, ^o While. XIX. — > Om. 2 my. ^ j,es heftes. ^ fe mynyg. » a ! quod Wayno"', I wis, yit weteii I wolde. ^ wrathed. ' at fi weting. * fe appurtenaunce, as. ^ haii. '"apt in her . " Hit beres bowes. Instead of the word inclosed within brackets a blank space is left in the Lincoln MS. '^ fat. " fo bly. " Bot ho. '* fei beii. ^'> Om. ' weteii. '^ Om. THE AWNTYRS OF ARTHURE. 107 XX. " Tefl-e me," fayde' Wayno" '" a worde", jif J?ou wofte, 235 Whate dedis' myghte me befte 'in to blysche* brynge ?" — " MekeneJGfe and mercy," 'fcho faide^ " 'J>o are^ the mofte, Hafe' pete one the pore, 'thane plefys J»ou owre' kynge ; Sytheii 'aft' that, do almous dedis of atte oJ>' thynge^; Thies areii the gud'" gyftis of the holy gofte, 240 That enfpyres 'atte fperites, w' owttyii" fpillynge, [foi.isei'.] 'For to come to that blyffe, that eu' more salt lafte'*'. Of 'thies fperituale thynges fpyre me" na mare ; Whills" Jjou arte qwene in thi quarte,-^ Halde thies wordis in thyn'* herte, For'^ Jiou satt lyffe bot a ftarte ; Hethynsattjj^fare."- XXL " How salt we fare," faide' the freke, " y fowndis^ to fyghte, 'That ofte foudis the folkes, in' fele kyngis landis ; That riche rewmes ou' rynnes, agaynes the* ryghte, m 'And Wynnes wirchippis, & welthis, by" wyghtenes of handis ?" — " — jowre kynge es to couetous, I teii° the, sir knyghte, Maye no man 'ftere by of ftrenghe, 'whills J>** whele ftandis ; XX. — 1 Wyffe me, q"*. ^ fom wey. ^ bedis. * to pe bliffe. ^ Om. « pes arn. ' And fifen haue. ^ fat plefes heuen. ^ charite is chef, and fen is chade. 'o grace-, ful. " iche fprete, with oute. '^ And feii almeffe dede cure al fing. In MS. D. this line is the 6th. " fis fpi'al fing fpute f". " Als. '* 0;„. le o^_ XXI. — ^ q*. ^ fondeii. ' And fus defoulen fe folke, oil. ■* And riches ouer reymes, w* outen any. ^ Wynneii worfhipp' in werre, f orgh. « wame. '' ftry him with. ' while his. p 2 108 THE AWNTYRS OF ARTHURE. When he es in his magefte 'heghefte, Si^ mafte 'es of" myghte, He satt lighte fufl: lawe, appone" the see sandis. [foi. 157,] 'Thus 3oure'' cheuah-ous kynge" chefe schatte a'* chawnce, 'Falfe fortune'* in fyghte, 'That wondirfutt whele-wryghte'^ - Takes '* witnes hy Fraunce.-i 'Mafe lordis lawe for" to lyghte ; — XXII. Fraunce hafe 3e frely w* jxf fyghte wonnen ; 'The Frolo, and Ip^ Farnagfie, es frely by-leuede' ; Bretayne, and Burgoyne, 'es bothe to 50W bowneii*, And aUe the dugepers' of Fraunce w* J)** dyn dreuede'. Gyane may gretyn", y \)^ werre was by-gounnen ; 'Es noghte a lorde in fat lande, appon lyfe^ leuede ; Jete sait Jj® riche Romaynes^ w* '50W ben ou"° ronnen, And alle" J?® Rownde Tabilt Jjaire'^ rentis be reuede. Thay satt 3itt be Tybire tymbire jow" tene ; Gete the, i Gawayne, Turne fou" to Tufkayne, For '[lefe] thu fatt'* Bretayne, ' W* a knyghte'^ kene. ^ Om. '"in his. "on. '^ Andthis. i^ knijt. '* forgh. '^ Palfely fordone. '^ With a wondeifull' -wight. " Shall' make lordes. '» Xake. XXII,— 1 Freol, and his folke, fey ar fey leued. ^ al to you bowen. ' duffiperes. '' yo''. * dcued. ^ grete. ' Om. * There ar no lordes oii lyue, in fat londe. ^ rema3rns. ^° one be aur. " -with. '^ fe. '^ Thus shal a Tyber vntrue tymber with. " fe. '* ye shed lefe. In MS. L. a blank space is left for the word lefe. 16 ]jing. THE AWNTYRS OF ARTHURE. 109 XXIII. 'A knyghte satt kenly clofeii y crowne, And at Carelyone'^ be crownede for' kynge ; 275 That* fege fatt 'be fefede at a fefoneS That 'mekitt bale, aad barete, titi Ynglande^ fall brynge ; Ther' fat! in Tiifkane be tallde of Jjat' trefone, And 'torne home a-jayne for that^ tydynge ; And'" ther satt the Rownde Tabitte loffe" the renowfie, 2so Be-fyde Rameffaye, futt ryghte'^ at a rjj^dynge ; 'And at Dorfett" fatt dy the doghetyefte of atte Gette the, f Gawayne, t>* baldefte of Bretayne ; For" in a flake >" fatt be flayne,--' 'Swylke ferly'^ satt fatte !- XXIV. 'Siche ferly' fatt falle, w*^ owtten^ any fabitte, Appofie Cornewayle cofte, w* a knyghte kene ; 'Arthure Y auenante, Jj* honefte es & abitt', Satt* be wondid, I wyffe, futt° wathely, I wene ; 290 [And al j)e rial rowte of Jie Rounde Table, pei fhullen dye on a day, \>e doughty by-dene^ ;] Suppryfede w' a 'sugette, J^at beris of sabitte, XXIII. — ' This knight shal he clanly enclofed w* a. ^ Carlele shal fat comly. '■> as. * A. * he feche, with a ceffion. ^ myche haret, and hale, to Bretayii. ' Hit. 8 fe. ^ ye fhulleii fne ayeii for fe. '" Om. " lefe. '^ rad. '^ In Dorfet fhire. '* Om. '* Sich ferlyes. XXIV. — ' Suche ferlies. ^ oute. ^ gyr Arthur pe honeft, auenant, and able. " He fhal. * Om. * These two lines are omitted in MS. L. and are supplied from MS. D. ' furget, he heris hit in. 110 THE AWNTYRS OF ARTHURE. A* sawtire engrelede, of siluer futt fchene. He beris [it°] of sabitte, fothely to saye ; - [fol.is^b.] In kyng'" Arthures hauife The childe" playes hym'* at the bafte,- That 'sait owttraye" 50W atte, 'Futt derfely a" daye. XXV. Hafe gud daye, dame' Gayno", and Gawayne f>* gude ! I hafe no langare 'tjrme, mo tales to^ teite ; 'For me bufe wende one my waye, thorowte this' wode, 'Vn to my wonnynge wane", in waa for to weii'e\ For hym y 'rewfully rafe, & rente was one^ rude, Thynke one Ipe dawngere, 'and the dole', J)* I in duetie ; And' fede folke, for my fake, Jjat fawtes' the fude, And mene"" me w* 'meffes, and matyns" i mette. [Maffes aril medecyes to vs that bale bides"* ;] Vs thynke a meffe als'' swete, ■ Als" any fpyce fat eu' Y ete"." 'And thus", w* a gryfely grete. The gafte a- waye glydis. — ' XXVI. [With a grifly grete, fe goofte a-wey glides. And goes, with gronyng fore, Jjorgh Jje greues grene' ;] » Witi a. ^ Supplied from MS. D. •" riche. " bame. "^ Om. " on-tray shall'. ■< Delfully J)t. XXV. — ' Om. ^ tome, tidinges. ^ I mote walke on my wey, forgh fis wilde. < In my wonyng ftid. = dwelle. « rightwifly rofe, & reft on f e. ' Om. s Qm. -" failen. "> menge. " matens & maffe. 1- Instead of this line from MS. D. the Lincoln MS. has the last five lines of stanza XVIII. inserted, by negligence of the scribe. " as. " ye yete. >* Om. XXVI. — ' These lines are wanting in MS. L. THE AWNTYRS OF ARTHURE. HI The wynde'. and' the wedyrs, >an* welken 'in hydis' ; 315 Than vnclofede the clowddis, y fone 'fchane fchene^ The kynge his bogitt hafe bloweii, & on y bent bydis ; His fayre folke in 'firthes, flokkes in fere' ; 'AUe that royaite^ rowte to j>^ qwene rydys, 'And mehs to hir mildely, one J^aire manere^ 320 The 'wyes on fwilke wondirs a-wondirde Jjaire'" were ; 'The prynces" prowdefte in patte,-] Dame Gayno", and afte, Wente to 'Randolfe fett hautte",— J To Jjaire" fopere. XXVII. The kynge 'was fett to j^ fupere, &' ferued in fale, Vndir a seloure of fylke, 'futt daynetyuoufely" dighte; W* alte the' wirchipe 'to welde, & wyne for to wale* ; 'Birdis in brede, of brynt golde* bryghte. Ther come 'two fetolers in^, w' a fymbale, A lady, luffome of late', ledande a knyghte ; 'Scho rydes vp to J)* heghe deffe*, by-fore ]>" royatte", And afkede'" f Arthure, futt" hendely one highte. Scho'^ faide to y^ fou^ayne, wlonkefte in wedis", [foi. 158.] " Mane mofte'^ of myghte,- For thi manhede. Here 'es comyii ane armed '° knyghte ;- Now" do hym refone, and ryghte, — ^ wyndes. ^ Om. * fe. * vnhides. ^ con fhene. ' ]?e frith fei flokken by-dene. 8 And al fe riall'. ^ She fayes hem fe felcoupes, fat fai hadde fer feen. >" -wife of fe weder for-wondred fey. " Prince. '^ Rondoles halle. " J)e. XXVII. — ' to fouper is fet. ^ dayntly. ^ Om. * and wele mewith fe walle. * Briddes brandeii, and brad, i bankers. ^ in a foteler. ' lote. ^ jJq raykes vp, in a res. ° rialle. i" halfed. " Ow. '^ Ho. '^ j,e. ^^ wede. '* makeles. '^ comes an errant. '' Om. 112 THE AWNTYRS OF ARTHURE. XXVIII. The' mane in his' mantyti Tyttis at his' mete, In pauUe purede w* pane, futi p'^'cyoufely dyghte' ; 340 Trofelyte, and trauerfte, wyth trewloues in trete' ; The 'tafee was° of topas, J»at 'fer to was' tyghte. He glyfte vpe with hys eghne, Jiat graye ware, & grete, With his burely° berde, one ]jat birde bryghte ; He was the sou'aynefte 'fir, sittande® in sette, 345 pat eu' any'° fegge 'faughe, or fene was w* fyghte". Thus the'* kyng, crowned in kythe, carpis" hir titt, — " Welecome, worthyly wyghte !- Thou" saft hafe refone, & ryghte;- Whythen es this" comly knyghte,- Ifitbethiwitt?" XXIX. Scho' was the worthiliefte* wyghte, J?* any 'wy myghte welde' ; Hir gyde was gloryous, and gaye, 'alle of gyrfe* grene ; Hir belte was of plonkete', with birdis fuH: baulde, 'Botonede w* befantes®, & bokeUede fuft bene ; 355 Hir faxe in fyn perrye 'frette was' in fowlde, "The conffelette in a" kette, colourede futt clene ; With a crowne 'of cryftaile, and of clere® golde ; Hir courchefes were coryoufe, w* many prowde pyn. XXVIII.— ' Om. 2 fe. ' fat fittes at fi. * pal pured to pay, prodly pight. * This line is omitted in MS. D. ^ taffes were. ? -were pereto. ^ beueren. ^ of al fitting. 10 Om. " had feii w* his eje-figllt. "^ Om. " talkes. '* He. " je. XXIX.—' Ho. 3 worfieft. ' wede wolde. * of a greffe. * blanket. « Branded w' brende golde. ' was fretted. « Contrefeled and. ^ oraftly, al of clene. THE AWNTYRS OF ARTHURE. 113 [Her perre was prayfed, with prife men of might ;'"]- The" bryghte byrdis, and balde, — , Had 'note ynoghe '^ to by-halde One'^ ]3at freely to fawlde, And one ]7*hende'*knyghte.-' XXX. That' knyghte in his coloures was armede futt clene, • 365 With his comly crefte, 'futt: clene ^ to by-holde ; His brenyes', and his bacenett, burnefchet futt bene, W* a bourdoure* a-bowte, alle of brynte golde ; His mayles was* mylk-whytte, 'enclofede fo clene*; His horse trappede Vitfe the fame, als it was^ me taulde. 370 The' schelde one his schnldir, of syluere futt' fchene, With 'bare-heuedis of blake, burely, and'" banlde ; His horfe Vithe sendale was teldede, and" trappede to ^ hele; And his'* cheuarone by-forne, 1 Stode als" ane vnycorne, Als so'* fcharpe als any'* thorne,- 'And mayles '* of ftele. XXXI. In ftele 'was he' ftuffede, J^at 'fteryii was one* ftede, Ati:e of fternys of golde, 'J^at ftekillede was one ftraye^ ; [foLissb.] 'He, and his gambefoiins, glomede als gledys*, sso '0 This line is wanting in MS, L. " Om. 1* i-nore (sic) '' Of. " fe. XXX. — • The. 2 clere. ^ brene. " braudure. ^ were. ^ many hit seen. '' of that ilke, as true me. ^ His. ^ fo. ^° bere-hedes of brake, browed ful. " in fyne fandel was. '^ in his. " as. ^* Om. " a. ^^ An aulas. XXXI. — ' he was. ^ ftoume vppoii. ' his pencell' difplaied. * His gloues, his gamefons, glowed as a glede. Q 114 THE AWNTYRS OF ARTHURE. Witti graynes of 'rubyes, that graythede were' gaye ; And his fchene 'fchynbawdes, fcharpe for° to fchrede ; [His polem^ witft pelicoc^ were poudred to pay^] pus^ w* a lance appoii' lofte, J^at lady gun he" lede ; A swayne'*, one a frefone, 'folowede hym", in faye"; ass [The frefon" was a-fered, for drede of J^at fare ;] "He was feldofh wounte '* To see the tabitte at his frounte";- 'Swilke gainmenes was he wonte'° 'Fuft feldom to see' xxxn. Arthiire afkede 'in hye, one-herande J^afh' afte, " Whate woldeft >", wy, jif it were^ thi wifte? Tette me whate ]?" fekis, and Vhedir y ])"^ fchafte, And why Ji" ftonyes* on thi ftede, and'' ftondis so ftitte?" He lyfte° vpe his Vefage fro 'jp^'' ventatte, And' w* a knyghtly contenance he carpis hy tilt : " Be° Ji" kayfere, or kynge, here I the be-catte, [foi.iss".] To'" fynde me a freke, to fyghte one" my fill ; For'^ fyghtynge to frayfte, I fowndede fra hame." The kynge carpede on heghte", " 'Lyghte, & lende" atte nyghte, If thou be curtayfe knyghte ", — And telle me thi name." — ' rebe, that graied ben. « fchynbaades, fat fharp wer'. ' This line, and line 9 of this stanza, are wanting in MS. L. * Om. ' on. '" louely con. "' freke. '^ him folowed. ^* This and the preceding line are transposed in MS. L. '* freke. '^ For he was felden wonte to fe. " The tablet flure. '^ Siche gamen ne gle. '^ Saj he neuer are, XXXII. — ' on hijt, herand hem. ^ be. ^ whefer f ou. * ftume. * Om. ^ wayned. ' vifer fro his. « Om. "Whefer. i" Fore to. " with. ^^ Om. " Then feid the king vppoii hight. '■* Late lenge. '* This and the previous line are transposed in MS. D. THE AWNTYRS OF ARTHURE. 115 XXXIII. " My name es f GaUeroun, w* owttyn any gyle ; The grettefte of Galowaye, of greves & 'of gyllis', 405 Of Konynge*", 'of Carryke^ of Conyganie, 'of KyH:e\ Of Lomonde, of Lenay*, of Lowthyane hillis ; Thou hafe wonne 'thaym one° werre, w' owttrageoufe' wili", And gyffeii J^am' f Gawayne, and' J^at myn herte grilles. [But he fhal wring his honde, and warry the wyle*°,] 410 'Or he welden my landes, at myn vn-thankes". By alte ^ welthe of this'^ werlde, he satt J^am" neu' welde, 'Whitts I my" hede may here ; . 'Bot he" A^ryii 'J»am one'° werre, 'Bothe w*" schelde, & w*" fpere, — Appone'^ a fair felde !- XXXIV. I wift fighte one a felde, &' ^ to 'make I my^ faythe, With any freke 'one the' foulde, J^at frely es borne ; To 'loffe swyLke* a lordchipe, me 'thynke it futt* laythe, And 'iike a leueande lede^ wolde laughe me to fkorne." — 420 " We aren' here* in the wode, walkande" one our wathe ; We'° hunte at the herdis", w* hundes'^ and w* home ; We 'areS one" owre gamen, we 'ne hafe no gude'* graythe, XXXIII. — » grylles. ^ Connok. ^ Om. ■* and alfo Kyle. * Lofex. « hem in. ' a -wrange. ^ hem to. ' Om. '" This line is omitted in MS. L. " Er he weld hem, y-wys, agajrn myn vmwylles. '* fe. "hem. '■* While I fe. ''But if he. 16 hem in. '? With a. " a. 19 On. XXXIV.—' Om. 2 I make. ^ vppoii. * lefe fuche. = -^pid thenke. « fiche [iche?] lede opon lyue. ' ar. > Om. " went, to walke. •" To. " hertes. '^ houde. '3 ar in. '* haue no gome. Q 2 116 THE AWNTYRS OF ARTHURE. Bot jitt Ji" sail be machede by middaye to morne. And"forthiIredethe, y rathe mane, >"rifte the attejj'^'^nyghte.' [foi. 159.] Than" Gawayne, gayefte'' of atte,-) Ledis hym owte of the hautte, — n 'Vn titt'° a paveleone of pautte,- That prowdely was pyghte.-l XXXV. Pighte was it' prowdely, witti purpure and pautte, 'And doffours, and qwefchyns, and bankowres fiitt^ bryghte; 'W* inn^ was a chapeUe, a chambir, 'and ane* hautte, A chymneye w' charecole, to 'chawffen J>at* knyghte. His ftede was fone^ ftabillede, and lede to y ftatte, ""And haye hendly heuyde in hekkes' one hyghte. Sythen 'he braydes" vp a burde, and clathes gun'' calte ; 'Sanapes, and falers, futt'" femly to fyghte, Preketes", and broketes, and ftandertis by-twene. Than'* thay feruede y knyghte, — And his worthy'^ wyghte, In siluere fuft'^ fchene.- W full'* riche daynteths" dyghte,-^ XXXVI. In silu' fa femly 'J»ay ferae j^ain' of the befte, W* vernage, in verrys and cowppys fa* clene ; And thus 'thafe gleterande gomes, gladdis J^aire geftis\ 44s >* Om. i« fenke reft al. " Om. 's grafeft. '» Into. • XXXV. — ' Om. " Birdes branden aboue, in brend gold. ■* Inwith. * a. = chaufe pe. ^ Om. ' Hay hertly he had, in haches. ^ fei braide. " fei. ^" Sanape, and faler. " Torches. '^ Thus. '^ wor3ely. '♦ Om. '* dayntes. '" fo. XXXVI. — ' were ferued. ^ ful. ^ Sir Gawayfi fe good, glades ho" geft. THE AWNTYRS OF ARTHURE. 117 With riche daynteths*, endorrede, in dyfches by-derie. When the ryaSe renke was gone to his ryfte, The kynge in^ to conceHe hafe callede his knyghtis so kene ; Sayfe^ " lukes' nowe, '56 lordyngs', oure lofe be noghte loft, 450 Who saH encont' with jone^ knyghte, 'nowe lukes vs'" by-twene." Thane faide 'f Gawayne, " he saH vs noghte" greue ; Here my trouthe'^ 1 30W plyghte'^ I salt" feghte with jone" knyghte,- In j)^'^ defence of my ryghte, My" lord, with'^3owre lefe. "J XXXVII.' " I leue wele," quod the kynge, " thi latis are l[i3t, But I nolde, for no lordefhipp, fe J»i life lorne."] " Late gaa," quod f Gawayne, " Gode ft[ond with ]pe ri3t,J If he fkape skatheles, [hit were a foule fkorne."] In the dawynge of ])^ [day, J^e doughti were dight ;] m Thaye herde^ matyns [and maffe, erly on morne ;] By that, one Plu[ton land a palais was pi3t,j Whare neu' f[reke opon folde had fou3teii biforne. J)ei fetten liftes by-lyue on J>e I03 lande ;] Twa^ sop [pes de mayn] Was* b[rought to i Gawayn,J For [to confort his brayn, pe king gared comaunde. j ■ * dayntees. ' Om. ^ Om. 1 loke. " lordis. ** fe. "• keftes you. ' ' Gawayn fe goode, shal hit not. '^ honde. " hi3t. " woll'. '* f>e. '" Om. " Om. " by. XXXVII. — ' A large ■portion of this and the commencement of the succeeding stanza has been torn away in the Lincoln MS. and is here supplied from MS. D. ^ And harden. ' Thre. •* pei. 118 THE AWNTYRS OF ARTHURE. XXXVIII. The [king comaunded Krudely, }>e erles fon of Kent,] Cur[tayfly in )>is cafe, take kepe to ]>e knight. J [foi.i59b.] "VVitft riche daynteths' ]?*' day, he dynede in his tente, 'With birdes baken in brede, of brynte golde' bryghte ; And* fythen Vn to dame' Wayno" fuH' wyefely he wente, 'And lefte with hir in' warde his worthily wyghte. 'And than thies hathells full hendely J^aire horffes hafe° hent, 'At the lycence of the lorde, J)at lordely gun" lyghte, 'Afie bot thir beryns"", bouldefte of blode. The kynges chayere was" sette, 'A-bowne on a chaffelett'^ : And" many a'* gaylyarde grett,- For Gawayne the gude. XXXIX. Gawayne and Galleron 'dyghtis J^aire' ftedis, Atte of^ glet^ande golde, fuH' gaye was Jjaire* gere ; Twa* lordes be-lyfe 'to thaire lyftes thayfh* ledis, With many sergeauntes' of mace ; it* was ]?* manere. 4s5 The 'beryns broches Jjaire" blonkes, 'to faire fydes'" bledis ; Aythire freke appoii felde hafe 'fichede thaire" fpere ; Schaftis 'of fchene'^ wode Jiay fcheu'ede" in fchides ; XXXVIII. — ' dayntees. ^ or. ' After bufkes him in a brene, fat bumefhed was. ■• Om. * to. ^ Om. 'i He laft in here. » After aither in high ho"" horfes pei. s And at fe liftes, on fe lande, lordely don. '° Bothe fes two bumes. " is. '^ Quene oil a chacelet. '^ Om. '* Om. XXXIX. — > gurden her. *> in. ' Om. * here. * pe. « horn to lift. ^ feriant. 8 as. ^ bumes broched fe. i° fat fe fide. " folde has faftned his. '^ in fhide. " fhindre. THE AWNTYRS OF ARTHURE. 119 So jolyly thofe" gentiii men" juftede one were! Schaftis thay 'scheu', in schydes fuH'^ fchene ;- Sythen", w* brandes full'' bryghte,-^ Riche mayles thay righte ; Thus enconterde" the knyghte- W Gawayne, one grene. — XL/ Gawayne was graythely^ graythede one^ grene, With griifons* of golde, engrelede fuH gaye ; 'Trayfolede w* trayfolesS and trewluffes by-twene ; One a ftirtande® ftede he' ftrykes one ftraye. [pjat ojjer in] his turnyge' he talkis with' tene ; — [" Whi drawes Jj" J>e] one dreghe, & makis Twilke delay'"? [He fwapped hi yn at J^e] fchuldir", w* a fwerde kene ; [That greued i Gawayn, to] his dede '^ day. [The dyntes of J'at doughty were do]wttous by-dene ;- [Fyfte mayles, and mo, 10 gJJ The fwerde fwapt in two,- The canel-bone alfo, And clef his] fchelde fchene.-' XLI.' [He clef Jjorgh J»e cantett, Ipat couered ]pe kni5t, Thorgh \)e fhinand^ fhelde, a fhaftmoii, and mare ; ■• fes. '* Om. '^ fhindr in fheldes fo. '' And llfen. '^ Om. ''■> There encontres. XL. — ' The imperfections in MS. L. in this stanza are supplied from MS. D. as marked by brackets. ^ gaily. ' in. ''his griffons. * Trifeled witti tranes. « ftargand. ' fat. * fnaying. ^ in. >" fiche deray. " fwyre. '* def . XLI. — ' A leaf in the Lincoln MS. here appears unfortunately to be lost, and the stanzas from XLI. to XLVI. inclusive, with part of XLVII. are printed from the other copy. ^ fhiand MS. 120 THE AWNTYRS OF ARTHURE. And Jien J»e lady loude lowe vppoii higfct, And Gawayn greches ]Pvi*, & gremed ful fare : — " I fhal rewarde jpe Jii route, if I con rede rigftt !" He folowed in oil Jje freke, with a freffli fare ; porgfc blafon, and brene, y burnefhed wer' brijt, With a burlicti bronde, thorgfi him he bare ; The bronde was blody, Jiat burnefhed was bri5t. - Then gloppened J>at gay ; Hit was no ferly, in fay ; pe fturne ftrikf on ftray, In ftiropes ftri^t. XLII. Streyte in his fteroppes, ftoutely he ftrikes, And Waynes at i Wawayn, als he were wode ; pen his leman on lowde fkirles, and fkrikes', When ]>at burly burne blenket oii blode ; Lordes and ladies of )>at laike likes, And fionked God fele fithe for Gawayii the gode. With a fwap of a fwerde, Jiat fwajiel him fwykes. He ftroke of J>e ftede hede, ftreite J^ere he ftode ; The faire fole fondred, and fel to the grounde. — Gawayii gloppened in hert, Of he were hafty and fmert ; ■ Out of fterops he ftert, Fro Griffetl Jje goode.- XLIII. " GriffeB," q** Gawayn, " gon is, God wote ! He was ]>e burlokeft blonke, that eu? bote brede ! sss XLII.— 1 fkirkes, MS. THE AWNTYRS OF ARTHURE. 121 By him, J>at in Bedeleem was borne, evP to ben o" bote, I fhaH: venge Jje to day, if I con right rede ! Go fecche me my frefon, fairest on fote. He may ftonde J>e in iloure, in as mekle ftede ; No more for ])e faire fole then for a rifffc rote, mo But for doel of ]>e dombe beft, y J>us fhuld be dede ; I mcfne for no montur', for I may gete mare." — — Als he ftode by his ftede, pat was so goode at neede, Ner Gawayn wax wede, — So fiked he fare.- XLIV. Thus wepus for wo, Wowayn Jje wigfit. And wenys him to quyte, J^at wonded is fare ; pat ojjer droj hi on drejt, for drede of \)e knijt, And boldely broched his blonk, on the bent bare. 550 pus may )»ei' dryve forthe ]pe day, to ])e derke nigftt ; The fon was paffed, by J)at, mydday and mare ; With in J>e liftes J^e lede lordly doii light ; Touard the burne, with his bronde, he bufked him Jjare. To bataile J>ey bowe, with brondes fo bright ; Shene fheldes wer' fhred, Bright brenes by-bled, — Many doujti were a-dred. So ferfely Jjei fight ! XLV. Thus Jjei feght on fote, on Ipat MiP felde, m As freffh as a lyon, }jat fautes ]>e fiUe ; XLIV.— I yi. MS. R 122 THE AWNTYRS OF ARTHURE. Wilele jjes wigfet men, J'air' wepenes fey welde, ■TT Tt* * tP ^ -IP tP TP He bronched him yn witfc his bronde, vnder Jie brode fhelde, porgh the waaft of Jje body, and wonded him Ule ; J3e fwerde ftent for no ftuf, hit was so wel fteled ; sos J3at ofer ftartis on bak, and ftondis fton ftille. Though he were ftonayed J»at ftonde, he strikf ful fare ; . He gurdes to i Gawayn,- Thorgii ventaile, and pefayn ; He wanted nojt to be flayn — pe brede of afi hare. XLVI. Hardely fen fes hafelefe on hehnes fey hewe, pei betefi downe beriles, and bcfdures bright ; Shildes on fhildres, f* fhene were to fhewe, Fretted were in fyne golde, fei failen in fight ; s75 Stones of iral fey ftrenkel, and ftrewe, Stif e ftapeles of ftele fey ftrike don ftijt ; Burnes bannen fe tyme fe bargan was brewe, The dough ti with dyntes fo delfully were dight. Then gretes Gayno', w* bothe her* gray ene ; . For f dou3ti fat fijt, ■ Were manly mached of might. With oute refon, or right, As al men fene. XLVII. Thus gretis Gayno', with bofe hei* gray yene, iss For gref of i Gawayn, grifly was wounded ; XLV. — ' A line is wanting in the MS. THE AWNTYRS OF ARTHURE. 123 The knight of corage was cruel and kene, And with a ftele bronde, fat fturne oft' ftonded ; Al }»e coft of [the^] knyght he carf downe clene, porgh J)e riche mailes, J^at ronke were, and rounde ;] m [foi. 160] 'Swylke a touche at J^at tyme^ he taughte hym in tene, He girdede"* i Galleron growelynge one grownde. 'Galleroii full greuoufely granes on J?^* grene And^ als wondede als' he was, — 'Swyftly vpe* he rafe, And folowde 'in fafte on his faas',-! W* a fwerde fchene' XLVIII. Clenly J>at crewefte couMe hy' on highte. And w* a cafte® of J>^' care, in kautette he ftrykes ; 'FuH: jerne he wayttis i Wawayne ji^* wighte, soo Bot hym lympede J>® werfe, — and J^at me wele lykis. He etyttde with a flynge hafe flayne hym w*'' fleghte ; The fwerde 'fleppis on flante*, & one the mayle flydys' ; And f ' Gawayne by Jj® colere clekis^ the knyghte ; — Than his lemane 'so lowde fkremes'" and fkrykis. m 'Scho grete" one dame'^ Gayno", w* 'granes fo'^ gryite, 'Andfaide", "lady! makles of myghte,-j Hafe now" mercy one jone'^ knyghte, pat es fo dulefully dyghte, Giffeitbethiwitt."— J XLVII. — ' oft, MS. 2 This word is not in the MS. ^ With a teneful touche, MS. D. * gurdes. ' Grrifly on gronde he groned on. '' Om. 'as. * Sone buredely. " faft on his tras. "> kene. XLVIII. — ' Om. * seas. ^ Om. * And waynes at fir Wawyn, f worpely. » in. ^ fwapped on his fwange. ' flikes. ^ Om. ^ keppes. " on loft fkriUes. " Ho gretes. '* Om. " gronyng. '* Om. '* Om, '^ yondre. R 2 124 THE AWNTYRS OF ARTHURE. XLIX. Than wilfully' dame Wayno Vn to* J^e kynge went, Scho' caught of hir coronaite, & knelyde hy till ; — " Als J)" erte roye* ryafte, and' rechefte of rent, And I thyn* wyfe, weddid at myn' awefi will, '3one beryns in jone batefte, y bledis one jone^ bent, eis pay are* wery, I wyffe, and wondide fuH itt ; Thurgft [hei*'°] fchene fchildis j^aire" fchuldirs are fchent ; [The grones of f Gawayn dos my hert grille.'*] The granes of f Gawayne greuys'^ me full'* fare; 'Wolde >", lufly" lorde. 'Gare the'° knyghtis accorde,- It ware grete''' comforde TiH'^aHe >'here' 'Bot Jjan hy fpake' Galleron to Gawayne J)* gude : " I wende no* wy, in this werlde, 'were haluendeBe^ fo wyghte. Here I make the relefe 'in my rentis*, by fe rode ! And 'by-fore thiefe ryafle, refynge * the my ryghte ; And fythen I^ make the manredeii, w* a mylde mode, 'Als to mane in this medilerthe^ makles of myghte." [foi.1601'.] jjg talkes to-warde J;® 'knyghte, one heghte' Jjere he ftode, XLIX.— » Wifly. « to. 3 Ho. * ioy (sic.) * Om. « fi. ' fi. « pefe bumes in \>e bataile, fo blede on fe. ^ arn. "> Omitted in MS. L. " her. '* This line is wanting in MS. L. -^ greuen. ■'' Om. '* Woldeft fou leve. '^ Make fes. 17 a grete. ^^ por. ^^ fef. L. — ' Then fpak fir. * neuer. ' had ben half. * renke. ' by rial reyfoii relefe. ^ Om. ' As man of medlert. ' king, on hie. THE AWNTYRS OF ARTHURE. 125 He' bedde J)* burely his brande, Jj* burnefchede was bryghte: — " Of renttis and reches I make the relefe." Downe 'kneUs Jjat'" knyghte, And'carpis thies" wordes one highte;- The kyng ftude vp-ryghte, And 'comandis J?^'* pefe.-^ LI. p* kynge 'comandis J)^' pefe, and cryes^ one highte ; And Gawayne was gudly, and lefte for his fake ; And' fan 'to y lyftis >^ lordis leppis' fuH lyghte, ( 'Owayne fytj-Vryene, and Arrake, full rathe' ; m 'Marrake, and Menegatte®, Jjat mafte were of myghte. Bathe Jjafe trauelde 'knyghtes trewly j^ay taghte' ; Vnnethes^ myghte Hhofe knyghtes' ftande vp ryghte ; 'pay were for-bett, & for-blede, Jjaire wedis'" wexe blake, [Hei® blees were brofed, for beting of brondes. "] W* owtteii more lettynge, 'Was dighte there thiere femblynge'^;- By-fore ]jat" comly kynge, And" helde vpe J»air " handes. LII. " 'I gyffe to the', i Gawayne," 'quode )>* kynge, " trefoure^ and golde, 'Glamorgans landis', with greuys fo grene ; p^ wirchipe of Wales, 'to welde and to* wolde, 5 And. ■" kneled fe. ' ' carped. '^ cdmaunded. LI. — ' comaunded. ^ cried. ' Om. * lordes to liftes fey lopen. » Ewayn fij Eriaii, & Arrak fij Lake. « fir Drurelat, and Moylard. ' men fey truly vp take. 8 Vnnetft. ' fo ftume. i° What for buffetes and blode, her blees. " This line is wanting in MS. L. •' Dijte was here fajtlynge. " fe. '* pei. '* her. LII. — ' Here I gif. ^ w* gerfon. ' Al fe Glamergan londe. ■* at wil and at. 126 THE AWNTYRS OF ARTHURE. Witfi Gryffoiis caftetie', kirnelde fo' clene ; 'And Y Hufters Hauite', to hafe, and to holde, 'Wayfiirtfte, and Wakfelde, wallede', I wene ; ess Twa baronryfe in Burgoyne^ w* burghes fo balde, That 'are moted'" abowte, and byggede futt bene. I salt 'endowe Jje als" a duke, and dub the w* myn'^ hande, With yy saughti&w*'3one " gentittknyghte,-| That es so hardy and wyghte, And relefe hym thi''' ryghte, And graunte hy his lande." LIII. '"Now, andhereIgyffehy,"quodGawayne', "w'owttyn onygyle, Afte y landes, & Y lythes, fra Lowyke'^ to Layre ; 'Commoke, and Carrike', Conyghame, and Kylle, 665 'Als the cheualrous knyghte hafe chalandchede als ayere* ; 'The Lebynge, the Lowpynge, J3* Leveaftre Ile^ Bathe* frythes, and foreftes, 'frely and' faire ; [Vnder 50*^ lordefhip to lenge J>e° while. And to J»e Rounde Table 'to make' repaire ; m I fhal refeflf him in felde, i foreftf fo fair''"."] Than" ^ kynge, and ]?* queue, - And atte the doghety by-dene, - Thorow ]>^ greuys so grene, To Carlele Jjay kayre. » caftelles. « f^ 7 Eke Vlftur halle. » Wayford, and Waterforde, T Wales. 9 Bretayne. "> arn batailed. " dijt fe. '^ Om. '3 fe. '■'his. LIII. — ' Here I gif fir Galeron, q* G. " Lauer. " Connoke, and Carlele. * Ori- ginally in MS. D. pet if he haf cheualry, and chalange hit for are, but altered by a second hand to pet if he of cheualry, chalange ham for air. * pe Lother, fe Lemok, j>e Loynak, fe Lile. In MS. L. the last word was at first written helle, then He, and lastly I lee. ^ "With. ' and foffes, « So written by the first hand, hut altered to heren hy a second. ° By the second hand ; the first has only a. '" The last word wan originally written fare ; hence Pinkerton's text to fare. These lines within brackets are wanting in MS. L. " Bofe. THE AWNTYRS OF ARTHURE. 127 LIV. The kyng to Carelele es comeii, w* knyghttis fo kene, 'To halde his' Rownde Tabitt, one ryatte arraye ; Thofe knyghtes^, y were' wondede fuit* wathely, als' I wene, [foi. 161.] Surgeons 'sanede thaym^ fothely to saye. Bothe 'comforthede thaym than', the kynge and the qwene , Thay ware dubbyde dukes bothe one a daye ; 'And ther f Galleroii* weddid his wyfe, 'Jj' femly & fchene', With gyftis, and 'gerfofns, of f Gawayne'" the gaye. 'And thus thofe hatheti's" w* haldis that hende; And'^ when he was faned'\ and" fowude, (iSO pay made 'hym fworne to € Gawane i '* y ftownde,- 'Vn titt"hislyuesende. 'And fythen'', a knyghte of ^ Tabifte Rownde, - LV. 'Dame Gayno" garte befyly' wryte i* to J>* wefte, To 'atte 'man'e of relygeous, to rede and to synge ; Priftes with proceffyons* [to p'y were preft, W* a mylioii of] meffis, to make hir^ menyge ; 'Dukes, erles, barouns, and' bechoppes of the befte, Thurghe 'aite Yglande scho garte make menynge^. 'And thus this ferlyes by-fefle in a'" forefte, Vndir an" holte fo bare"', at an" hunttynge ; 695 LIV. — ' And al fe. ^ pe wees. ^ ^eren. * fo. * Om. " fone faued. ' con- fortes fe knightes. » There he. ' flohkeft [read wlonkeft], I wene. "> garfons, fir Galeron. " pus fat hafel in hij. '^ o^_ 13 faued. >* Om. '* fir Galerofi. i" Om. >7To. LV. — ' Wayno' gared wifely. ^ Om. ' pe. * proceflion. ' The words within brackets are omitted in MS. L. ^ fe. ' Boke-lered men. « Om. » al Bretayne befely fe burde gared rynge. '° pis ferely bifelle in Englond. " a. '^ hore. " a. 128 THE AWNTYRS OF ARTHURE. Swylke" hunttynge in 'holtis sulde noghte ben" hyde : — Thus to y foreftes'" >ay ftire, . Steryn" knyghttis 'and fture"; This awntir by-tyd. - And" in >« tyfh of Arthure — ■ ' This ferly by-felle, futt fothely to fayne, In Yggillwode forefte, at f® Ternwathelayne'. Explicit. •* Suche a, " haaft is nojt to be. '^ foreft. '^ pes fterne. '^ in ftore. '^ Om. 1 These two lines are not in MS, D. of e fey, that faiklefe wes fald, The fyre }jat fendis all feill, futhly to fane ; With banrentis, barouis', and bernis full bald, Biggaft of bane and blude, bred in Britane. Thai waht out werryouris, with wapinnis to wald, The gayeft grumys on grund, with geir J)at my* gane, Dukis, and digne lordis, douchty and deir ; Sembillit to his fumovne, Renkis of grete renovne, Of gold Jjat wes cleir. Cumly kingis with crovne, II. Thus the royale can remove, with his Round Tabill, Of all riches maift rike, in riaU array ; ' baroms, ed. 1508. s 2 132 THE KNIGHTLY TALE OF Wes neuer fundun on fold, but fenjeing or fabill, Ane farayr floure on ane feild of frefch men, in fay, Farand on thaii" ftedis, ftout men and ftabill ; Mony fterne our the ftreit ftertis on ftray. Thair baneris fchane with the fone, of filuer and fabill, 29 And vthir glemyt as gold, and gowlis fo gay ; Of filuer and faphir fchirly Jjai fchane ; Ane fair battell on breid, Merkit our ane fair meid. Our fellis, in fane. With fpurris fpedely jjai fpeid, 25 III. The king faris with his folk, our firthis and fellis, Feill dais or he fand of flynd or of fyre ; Bot deip dalis bedene, dovnis and dellis, Montains and marreffe, with mony rank myre ; 30 Birkin bewis about, boggis and welUs, Withoutin beilding of blis, of bern, or of byre ; Bot torris, and tene wais, teirfuU quha tellis. Tuglit and travalit thus trew men can tyre, Sa wundir wait wes the way, wit ye but wene ; ss And all thair vittalis war gone. That thay weildit in wone ; ]3'' fuld thair bute ben. Reffet couth thai find none, IV. As thay walkit be the fyde of ane fair well, 40 Throu Jje fchynyng of the fon ane ciete thai fe, 1 T})', ed. GOLAGROS AND GAWANE. 133 With torris and turatis, teirfuU to tell, Bigly batollit about with walUs fa he ; The yettis war clenely kepit with ane caftell ; Myght none fang it with force, hot foulhs to fle. 45 Than carpit king Arthur, kene and cruell, " I rede we fend furth ane faynd' to yone ciete. And afk leif at the lord, yone landis fuld leid, That we myght entir in his toune. For his hie renoune, For money to meid." To by vs vittale boune^ V. Schir Kay carpit to the king, courtes and cleir, " Grant me, lord, on yone gait graithly to gay. And I fall bold- word, but abaid, bring to you heir, 55 Gif he be freik on the fold your freynd, or your fay." — " Sen thi will is to wend, wy, now in weir, Luke that' wifly thow wirk, Crifte were the fra wa !" The berne bovnit to the burgh, with ane bUth cheir ; Fand the yettis vnclofit, and thrang in full thra ; do His hors he tyit to ane tre, treuly that tyde ; Syne hynt to ane hie hall. That wes aftalit with pall ; And payntit with pride. es Weill wroght wes the wall, VI. The fylour deir of the deife dayntely wes dent. With the doughtyeft in thair dais dyntis couth dele ; ' fend, ed. ^ bonne, ed. ' Jjot, ed. 134 THE KNIGHTLY TALE OF Bright letteris of gold bUth vnto blent, Makand mecioune quha maift of manhede couth' mele ; He faw nane levand leid vpone loft lent, ro Nouthir lord, na lad, leif ye the lele. The renk raikit in the f^ill, riale and gent, p* w5dir wifly wes wroght, with wourfchip & wele ; The heme befely and bane blenkit hym about ; He faw throu ane entre, 75 Charcole in ane chymne, Birnand full ftout. Ane bright fyre couth he fe, VII. Ane duergh braydit about, befily and bane. Small birdis on broche' be ane bright fyre ; 8.) Schir Kay rufchit to the roift, and reft fra the fwane, Lightly claught^ throu luft, the lym fra the lyre ; To feid hym of that fyne fade the freik wes full fane ; Than dynnyt the duergh, in angir* and yre, With raris, quhil the rude hall reirdit agane. 85 With that come girdand, in grief, ane wounder' grym fire ; With ftout contenance & fture he ftude thame beforne ; With vefage lufly and lang, Body ftalwart and ftrang, Of berne that wes borne. That fege wald fit with none wrang, 90 ' couh, erf. ^ brothe, ed. ^ clanght, ed. ■> augir, ed. ^ wound, ed. GOLAGROS AND GAWANE. 135 VIII. The knyght carpit to fchir Kay, cruel and kene, " We think thow fedis the vnfair, freik, be my fay ! Suppofe thi birny be bright, as bachiler Md befi, Yhit ar thi latis vnluffum, and ladlike, I lay. as Quhy has thow marrit my ma^ \!?ith maiftri to mene ? Bot thow mend hym that mys, be Mary, mylde may, Thow fall rew in thi rufe, wit thow* but wen, Or thou wend of this wane wemeles away !" Schir Kay wes haifty, and hate, and of ane hie will ; loo Spedely to hym fpak, " Schort amendis will I mak, Traift wele thair till." Thi fchore compt I noght' ane caik ; IX. Thair vith the grume, in his grief, leit gird to fchir Kay, m Fellit the freke with his fift, flat in the flure ; He wes fa aftonayt with the ftraik, in ftede quhare he lay Stok ftill as ane ftane, the fterne wes fa fture ! The freik na forthir he faris, bot foundis away ; The toJ>ir drew hym on dreigh,, in derne to the dure ; m Hjif^ hym hard throu the hall, to his haiknay, And fped hym on fpedely, on the fpare mure. The renk reftles he raid to Arthour the king ; Said, " lord, wendis on your way, Yone heme nykis yow with nay ,• It helpis na thing.'" To prife hym forthir to pray, ' noghr, ed. ' Byit, ed. 136 THE KNIGHTLY TALE OF X. Than fpak fchir Gawane the gay, gratious and gude, " Schir, ye knaw that fchir Kay is crabbit of kynde ; I rede ye mak furth ane man, mekar of mude, 120 That will with fairnes fraift frendfchip to fynd ; Your folk ar febiU and faynt, for fait of thair fade ; Sum better boid-word to abide, vndir wod lynd." — " Schir Gawyne, graith ye that gait, for the gude rude ! Is nane' fa bowfum ane berne, brith for to bynd." 135 The heynd knight at his haift held to the tovne ; The yettis wappit war wyde, The knyght ca raithly in ryde ; Quhe he ves lightit'' douii. Reynit his palfray of pryde, XI. Schir Gawyne gais furth the gait, J>*' graithit wes gay, The quhilk that held to the hall, hejJ^ndly to fe ; Than wes the fyre in the faiU*, with renkis of array, And blith birdis hym about, that bright wes of ble. Wourthy fchir Gawyne went on his way ; 135 Sobirly the fouerane faluft has he, — " I am fend to your felf, ane charge for to fay, Fra cumly Arthur, the king, corteffe and fre ; Quhilk prays for his faik, and your gentrice. That he might cum this toun till, 140 To by vittale at will, Payand the price." Alfe deir as fegis will fell, ' naue, erf. ^ lighit, erf. " ]j«, erf. * faill, erf. GOLAGROS AND GAWANE. 137 XII. Than faid the fyre of the faill and the fouerane, " I will na vittale be fauld your fenyeour vntiU." m " That is at your avne will," faid wourthy Gawane, " To mak you lord of your avne, me think it grete fkill." Than right gudly that grome anfuerit agane, " Quhy I tell the this taiU, tak tent now thair tiU ; Pafe on thi purpos, furth to the plane ; m For all the wyis I weild ar at his avne will, How to luge, and to leynd, and in my land lent ; Gif I fauld hym his awin, It war wrang to be knawin, Baldly on bent. Than war I wourthy to be drawin, 155 XIII. " Thare come ane laithles leid air to this place, "With ane girdill ourgilt, and vthir light gere ; It kythit be his cognifance ane knight that he wes, Bot he wes ladlike of laitf , and light of his fere ; iso The verray caufe of his come I knew noght the cace, Bot wondirly wraighly he wroght, and aU as of were. Yit wait I noght quhat he is, be Goddis grete grace ! Bot gif it happin that he be ane knyght of youris here, Has done my lord to difpleife, that I hym faid ryght, iss And his prefence plane, I fay yow in certane'. As I am trew knight !" He falbe fet agane, 1 tertane, ed. T 138 THE KNIGHTLY TALE OF XIV. Schir Gavyne gettis his leif, and grathis to his fteid, 170 And broght to the bauld king boid-word of bUs, — " Weill gretis yow, lord, yone lufty in leid, And fays hym likis in land your langour to lis ; All the wyis and' welth he weildis in theid Sail halely be at your will, all that is his." 175 Than he merkit with° myrth our ane grene meid, With all the beft, to the burgh, of lordis, I wis ; — The knight kepit the king, cumly and cleir ; With lordis and ladyis of eftate, Met hym furth on the gate. With ane blith' cheir. Syne tuke him in at yate, XV. He had that heynd to ane hall, hiely on hight. With dukis, and digne lordis, doughty in deid ; — " Ye ar welcum, cumly king," faid the kene knyght, 186 " Ay, quhil you likis and lift, to luge in this leid. Heir I mak yow of myne maifter of myght, Of all the wyis and welth I weild in this fteid ; Thair is na ridand roy, be refoun and right, Sa deir welcum this day, doutles but dreid. 190 I am your coufin* of kyn, I mak to yow knawin ; This kyth and this caftell, Firth, foreft, and fell, Reffaue as your awin. 195 Ay, quhill yow likis to duell, ' in, ed. ^ witht, ed. ^ bligh, ed. * cousing, ed. GOLAGROS AND GAWANE. 139 XVI. " I may refrefch yow with folk, to feght gif you nedis, With thretty thoufand tald, and traiftfuUy tight, Of wife, wourthy, and wight, in thair were wedis, Baith with birny and brand to ftrenth you ful ftright, Weill ftuffit in fteill, on thair ftout ftedis." 200 Than faid king Arthur hym felf, feymly be fight, " Sic frendfchip I hald fair, that forffis thair dedis ; Thi kyndnes falbe quyt, as I am trew knight !" Than thay bufkit to the bynke, beirnis of the beft ; The king crovnit with gold, 205 Dukis deir to behold, Gladit his geft. Allyns the banrent bold, XVII. Thair myght feruice be fene, with fegis in faill, Thoght all felcought war foght, fra the fon to the fee ; 210 Wynis went within Ji* wane, maift wourthy to vaill. In coupis of cleir gold, brichteft of blee ; It war full teir for to tell, treuly in taill, The feir courffis that war fet, in that femblee ; The merieft war' menfkit on mete, at the maill, 215 With menftralis myrthfully makand thame glee. Thus thay folaift thame felvin, futhly to fay, Al thay four dais to end ; — The king thankit the heynd. And went on his way. Syne tuke his leve for to wend, 220 ' wai, ed. T 2 l40 THE KNIGHTLY TALE OF XVIII. Thus refrefchit he his folk, in grete fufioun, With outin wanting in waiU, waftell, or wyne ; Thai turffit vp tentis, and turnit of toun, The roy with his Round Tabill, richeft of ryne. 2is Thay drive on the da deir, be dalis & doun, And of the nobiUeft be-name, noumerit of nyne ; Quhen it drew to Jje dirk nycht, and ])e day yeid doun, Thai plantit doun pauillonis, proudly fra thine. Thus iournait gentilly thyr cheualroufe knichtis, 230 Ithandly ilk day, Throu mony fer contray, Holtis and hillis. Our the mountains gay, XIX. Thai paffit in thare pilgramage, J^e proudeft in pall, 23s The prince provit in prefe, that prife wes and deir ; Syne war J»ai war of ane wane, wrocht with ane wal, Reirdit on ane riche roche, befide ane riveir. With doubill dykis be-dene drawin our all ; Micht nane jjame note with invy, nor ny* jjame to neir. 240 The land wes likand in large, and' luffum to call ; Propir fchene fchane jie fon, feymly and feir. The king ftude vefiand fie wall, maift vailyeand to fe ; On Jjat river he faw, Cumly towris to knaw ; Thretty and thre. The roy rekinnit on raw, ' aud, ed. GOLAGROS AND GAWANE. 141 XX. Apone }>at riche river, randonit full evin, The fide-wallis war fet, fad to ye fee ; Scippis faland Jjame by, fexty and fevyn, ar.o To fend, quhen Jjame felf lift, in feir cuntre ; That al fai that ar wrocht vndir Jje hie hevin, Micht nocht warne jjame, at wil to ifche, nor entre. Than carpit J>e cumly king, with ane lowd ftevin, " Yone is Jie feymhaft ficht, J»at euer couth I fe. 25s Gif J>air be ony keyne knycht, J^at can tell it, Quha is lord of yone land, Lufty and Ukand, Fayne wald I wit." 260 Or quham of is he haldand, XXI. Than fchir Spynagrofe with fpeche fpak to ye king, — " Yone lord' haldis of nane leid, that yone land aw. But euer-lefting but legiance, to his leving. As his eldaris has done, enduring his daw." " Hevinly god !" faid the heynd, " how happynis this thing ? 255 Herd thair euer ony fage fa felcouth ane faw ! Sal neuer myne hart be in faiU, na in liking, Bot gif I loiffing my life, or be laid law, Be the pilgramage compleit I pas for fauU prow, Bot dede be my deftenyng, 270 He fall at my agane cumyng, I mak myne avow !" Mak homage and obliffing, ' lordis, ed. 142 THE KNIGHTLY TALE OF XXII. " A ! lord, fparis of fie fpeche, quhill ye fpeir more, For abandonit will he noght be, to berne that is borne ; m Or he be ftrenyeit with ftrenth, yone fterne for to fchore, Mony ledis falbe loiffit, and liflSis forlorne. Spekis na fucceudry, for Criftis fone deir ! Yone knicht to fear w*^ fkaitht, ye ehaip noeht but fcorne. It is full fair for to be fallow and feir 280 To the* beft that has bene brevit' you beforne ; The myghty king of Maffidone, wourthieft but wene, Thair gat he nane homage, For all his hie parage, Nor neuer none fene. Of lord of yone lynage, 235 XXIII. " The wy that wendis for to were, quhen he wenys beft, All his will in this warld, with welthis, I wys, Yit fall be' licht as leif of the lynd left, That welterf doun with the wynd, fa wauerand it is ; — 290 Your myeht and your maiefte mefure, but mys." " In faith," faid the cumly king, " trou' ye full traift, My hecht fall haldin be, for baiU or for blis ; SaU neuer my likame be laid vrdaiffit to fleip, Quhill I haue gart yone berne bow, 295 As I haue maid myne auow, Ful wraithly fal weip !" Or elUs mony wedou, ' wf', ed. * thee, ed. ^ beevit, ed. * he, ed. ' throu, ed. GOLAGROS AND GAWANE. 143 XXIV. Thair wes na man that durft mel to the king, Quhan' thai faw that mighty fa mouit in his mynde ; 300 The roy rial raid, withoutin refting, And focht to the ciete of Crifte, our the fait flude. With mekil honour in erd he maid his offering. Syne buf kit hame the famyne way, that he before yude ; Thayr wes na fpurris* to fpair, fpedely thai fpring ; 305 Thai brochit blonkis' to thair fidis brift of rede blude. Thus the roy and his rout, reftles thai raid, Ithandly ilk day, Our the mountains gay" ; Withoutin mare abaid. To Rome tuke the reddy way, 310 XXV. Thai plantit doun ane pailyeoun, vpone ane plane lee. Of paU and of piUour that proudly wes picht ; With rapis of rede gold, riale to fee. And grete enfenyes of the famyne, femly by ficht ; 31s Bordouris about, that bricht war of ble, Betin with brint gold, burely and bricht ; Frenyeis of fyne filk, fretit ful fre, With deir dyamonthis bedene, J)* dayntely wes dicht. The king cumly in kith, couerit with croune, 320 CalUt knichtis la kene, Dukis douchty bedene, — How beft is to done." " I rede we caft ws betuene, 1 Quhy, ed. ^ fpeirris, ed. ^ bloukis, ed. * pay, ed. 144 THE KNIGHTLY TALE OF XXVI. Than fpak ane vight weriour, wourthy and wife, 325 " I rede ane fayndis-man ye fend to yone fenyeour, Of the proudeft in pall, and haldin of prife, Wife, vailyeing, and moift of valour. Gif yone douchty in deid wil do your deuife. Be boune at your bidding, in burgh and in hour, 330 Reffaue him reuerendly, as refoun in lyis ; And gif he nykis you with nay, yow worthis on neid, For to affege yone caftel. With cant men and cruel, Euer quhill ye fpeid." Durandly for to duel, 335 XXVII. Than fhir Gauane the gay, grete of degre. And fhir Lancelot de Lake, without lefing, And auenand fchir Ewin, thai ordanit that thre, To the fchore chiftane chargit fra the kyng. 340 Spynagros than fpekis ; faid, " lordingis, in le, I rede ye tent treuly to my teching ; For I knaw yone bauld berne better than ye. His land, and his lordfchip, and his leuing. And ye ar thre in this thede, thriuand oft in thrang ; 345 War al your ftrenthis in ane, In his grippis and ye gane, Yone fterne is fa ftrang. He wald ourcum yow ilkane. GOLAGROS AND GAWANE. 145 XXVIII. And he is maid on mold meik as ane child, m Blith and boufum that berne, as byrd in hir hour ; Fayr of fell, and of face, as flour vnfild, Wondir ftaluart, and ftrang, to ftriue in ane ftour. Thairfore meikly with mouth mel to that myld, And mak him na manance, bot al mefoure ; 355 Thus with trety ye caft yon trew vndre tyld. And faynd his frendfchip to fang, with fyne fauour. It hynderis neuer for to be heyndly of fpeche ; He is ane lord riale, Ane' feymly fouerane in fale, Throu all this varld reche," Ane wourthy wy for to wale, XXIX. " Thi counfale is convenabill, kynd, and courtefe, Forthi ws likis thi lair liftin and leir." — Thai wyis, wourthy in weid, wend on thair ways, 355 And caryis to the cafteU, cumly and cleir ; Sent ane faynd to the fouerane fone, and hym fais, Thre knichtis fra court cum thay weir. Than the ledis belife the lokkis vnlaiffis ; On fute frefchly thai frekis foundis, but feir ; aro The renkis raithly can raik in to the round bald ; Thair met thame at the entre, Ladys likand to fe, That blith war and bald. an Thretty knichtis and thre, ' Has, ed U 146 THE KNIGHTLY TALE OF XXX. Thai war courtes, & couth, thair knyghthed to kyth, Athir vthir wele gret, in gretly degre ; Thai bowit to the bernys, that bright war and blith, Fair in armys to fang, of figure fa fre ; Syne thay fought to the chalmer, fwiftly and fwith, aso The gait to the grete lord femely to fe ; And faluft the fouerane fone, in ane fith, Courtefly incUnand, and kneland on kne. Ane blithar wes neuer borne, of bane nor of blude ; All thre in certane, 885 Saluft the fouerane, Hatles, but hude. And he inclynand agane, XXXI. Than fchir Gawayne the gay, gude and gracius, That euer wes beildit in blis, and bounte embrafit ; 390 Joly, and gentill, and full cheuailrus, That neuer poynt of his prife wes fundin defafit ; Egir, and ertand, and ryght anterus, lUuminat vith lawte, and with lufe lafit, Melis of the meffage to fchir Golagrus ; 395 Before the riale on raw the renk wes noght rafit ; With ane clene contenance, cumly to knaw. Said, " our fouerane Arthour Gretis the with honour. His meffage to fchaw. Hiis maid ws thre as mediatour, 400 GOLAGROS AND GAWANE. 147 XXXII. He is the rialleft roy, reuerend, and rike, Of aU the rentaris to ryme, or rekin on raw ; Thare is na leid on life of lordschip hym like, Na nane fa doughty of deid, induring his daw ; 406 Mony burgh, mony hour, mony big bike, Mony kynrik to his clame, cumly to knaw ; Maneris fuU menfkfull, with mony deip dike ; Selcouth war the fevint part to fay at faw'. Thare anerdis to our nobiU, to note, quhen hym nedis, 4io Tuelf crovnit kingis in feir. With aU thair ftrang poweir, Worthy in wedis. And mony wight weryer, XXXIII. It has bene tauld hym with tong, trow ye full traift, 4i6 Your dedis, your dignite, and your doughtynes ; Brevit throu bounte for ane of the beft. That now is namyt neir, of all nobilnes, Sa wyde quhare wourfcip walkis be weft ; Our fejrmly fouerane hym felf, forfuth, will noght cefe, 420 Quhill he haue frely fangit your frendfchip to feft ; Gif pament, or praier, mught mak that purchefe. For na largefe my lord noght wil he neuer let, Na for na riches to rigne ; I mak you na lefing, Your grant for to get." It war his maift yarnyng, ' faw, ed. V 2 148 THE KNIGHTLY TALE OF XXXIV. Than faid the fyre of the fail, with fad fembland, " I thank your gracious grete lord, andTuTgude wil ; Had neuer leid of this land, that had bene leuand, 430 Maid ony feute before, freik, to fulfil, I fuld fickirly myfelf be confentand, And feik to your fouerane, feymly on fyll. Sen hail our doughty elderis has bene endurand, Thriuandly in this thede, unchargit as thril, 435 If I, for obeifance or boift, to bondage me bynde, I war wourthy to be, Hingit heigh on ane tre, To waif with j)^ wind. 440 That ilk creature might fe, XXXV. Bot fauand my fenyeoury fra fubiectioun, And my lordfcip vn-lamyt, withoutin legiance, All that I can to yone king, cumly with croun, I fall preif all my pane, to do hym plefance ; Baith with body and beild, bowfum and boun, 4-15 Hym to menfk on mold, withoutin manance. Bot nowthir for his fenyeoury, nor for his fummoun, Na for dreid of na dede, na for na diftance, I wiU noght bow me ane bak, for berne that is borne ; Quhill 1 may my wit wald, 450 I think my fredome to bald. Has done me beforne." As my eldaris of aid GOLAGROS AND GAWANE. 149 XXXVI. Thai lufly ledis at that lord thair leuis has laught ; Bounit to the bauld king, and boidword him broght. 455 Than thai fchupe for to affege fegis vnfaught, Ay the manlyeft on mold, that maift of myght moght ; Thair wes reftling, and reling, but reft that raught, Mony fege our the fey to the cite focht ; Schipmen our the ftreme thai ftithil full ftraught, m With alkin wappyns, I wys, y wes for were wroght. Thai bend bowis of bras, braithly within ; Pellokis paifand to pafe, Gapand gunnys of brafe, That maid ful gret dyn. Grundin ganyeis thair wafe, 466 XXXVII. Thair wes blauing of bemys, braging, and beir ; Bretynit doune braid wod, maid bewis full hair ; Wrightis welterand doune treis, wit ye but weir, Ordanit hurdys ful hie, in holtis fa haire, 470 For to greif thair gomys, grameft that wer ; To gar the gay eft on grund' grayne vndir geir. Thus thai fchupe for ane fait, ilk fege feir ; Ilka fouerane his enfenye fhewin has thair ; Ferly fayr wes the feild, flekerit and faw 471; With gold, and gouhs in greyne, Schynand fcheirly & fcheyne ; In fcheildis thai fchaw*. The fone, as criftall fa cleyne, ' gruud, ed. ^ fchair, ed. 150 THE KNIGHTLY TALE OF XXXVIII. Be it wes mydmorne and mare, merkit on the day, 48o Schir Golagros mery men, menfkful of myght, In greis and garatouris, grathit full gay, Seuyne fcore of fcheildis thai fchew at ane ficht ; Ane helme fet to ilk fcheild, fiker of affay, With fel lans' on loft, lemand ful light ; 485 Thus flourit thai the fore front, thair fays to fray, The frekis, that war fundin ferfe, and forffy in fight. Ilk knyght his cunyfance kithit full cleir ; Thair names wrictin aU thare, Quhat berne that it hare, Might wit quhat he weir. That ilk freke quhare he fare, XXXIX. " Yone is the warlieft wane," faid the wife king, " That euer I vift in my walk, in all this warld wyde ; And the ftraiteft of ftuf, with richefe to ring, 495 With vnabafit bernys bergane to abide ; May nane do thame na deir with vndoyng, Yone houfe is fa huge hie, fra harme thame to hide. Yit fal I mak thame vnrufe, foroutin refting, And reve thame thair rentis, with routis full ride, soo Thoght I fuld fynd thame new notis for this ix yeir ; And in his avne prefence, Heir fall I mak refidence. With ftrenth me to fteir !" sos Bot he with force^ mak defence, ' laus, ed. « forte, erf. GOLAGROS AND GAWANE. 151 XL. " Quhat nedis," faid Spinagrus, " fie nbtis to nevin Or ony termis be turnit, I tell you treuly ? For thair is fegis in yone faill' wil fat vpone fevin, Or thay be wrangit, I wis, I warne you ilk wy ; Nane hardiar of hertis vndir the hevin, oio Or thay be dantit with dreid, erar will thai de ; And thai with men vpone mold be machit fuU evin, Thai falbe fundin right ferfe, and full of cheualrie. Schir, ye ar in your maiefte, your mayne, & your myght, Yit within thir dais thre, si* The ficker^ futh fall ye fe, And how thai dar fight." Quhat kin men that thai be, XLI. As the reuerend roy wes reknand vpone raw, With the rout of the Round Tabill, that wes richeft, sm The king crounit with gold, cumly to knaw, With reuerend baronis, and beirnis of the beft. He hard ane bugill blaft brym, and ane loud blaw. As the feymly fone fiUt to the reft. — Agane gais to ane garet, glifnand^ to fchaw, S25 Turnit to ane hie toure, that tight wes full treft ; Ane helme of hard fteill in hand has he hynt, Ane fcheld wroght all of weir, Semyt wele vpone feir ; And furth his wais wynt. He grippit to ane grete fpeir, sau > faill, ed. ^ filker, ed. ' glifhand, ed. 152 THE KNIGHTLY TALE OF XLII. " Quhat fignifyis yone fchene fcheild ?" faid the fenyeour, " The lufly helme, and the lance, aU ar away, The brym blaft that he blew, with ane ftevin ftour ?" Tha faid fir Spynagrus with fpeche, " the futh' fall I fay. 535 Yone is ane freik in his forte, and frefch in his flour, To fe that his fchire weid be f icker of affay ; He thinkis provefe to preve, for his paramour, And prik in your prefence, to purchefe his pray. Forthi makis furth ane man, to mach hym in feild, 540 That knawin is for cruel. Doughty dyntis to dell. With fchaft and with fcheild." That for the maiftry dar mell, XLIII. Than wes the king wondir glaid, & callit Gaudifeir ; .-.45 Quhilum in Britane that berne had baronyis braid ; And he gudly furth gais, and graithit hif geir. And bufkit hym to battell, without mair abaid ; That wy walit, I vis, all wedis of veir, That nedit hym to note, gif he nane had. sso Bery broune wes the blonk, burely and braid, Wpone the mold, quhare thai met, before the myd-day ; With lufly lancis and lang, Ane faire feild can thai fang, Baith blanchart & bay. On ftedis ftalwart and ftrang, sss » fuch, ed. GOLAGROS AND GAWANE. 153 XLIV, Gaudifeir and Galiot, in glemand fteil wedis, As glauis glowand on gleid, grymly thai ride ; Wondir fternly thai fteir on thair ftent ftedis, Athir heme fra his blonk home wes that tide. sco Thai rufchit vp rudly, quha fa right redis ; Out with fuerdis thai fwang fra thair fchalk fide ; Thair with wraithly thai wirk, thai wourthy in vedif, Hewit on the hard fteil, and hurt thame in the hide. Sa wondir frefchly thai frekis frufchit in feir, sea Throw all the harnes thai hade, Baith birny and breift-plade. Wit ye but weir. Thairin wappynis couth wade, XLV. Thus thai faught vpone fold, with ane fel fair, 570 Quhill athir heme in that breth bokit in blude ; Thus thai mellit on mold, ane myle way and maire, Wraithly wroht, as thei war witlefe and wode ; Baith thai fegis, forfuth, fadly and fair, Thoght thai war aftonait, in y ftour ftithly thai ftude. 575 The feght fa feUy thai fang, with ane frefch fair, Quhil Gaudifeir and GaUot baith to grund yhude ; Gaudifeir gat vp agane, throu Goddis grete mightis ; Abone him wichtely he wan, With y craft' that he can ; p* king and his knightis. Thai louit God and fanct An, ' craft, ed. X 154 THE KNIGHTLY TALE OF XLVI. Than wes Galiot the gome hynt in till ane hald ; Golagrus grew in greif, grymly in hart, And callit fchir Rigal of Rone, ane renk that wes bald, — sss " Quhill this querrell be quyt, I cover neuer in quert ! With wailit wapnis of were, evin on yone wald, On ane fterand fteid, that fternly wiU ftert, I pray the, for my faik, that it be deir fald ; Was neuer fa vnfound fet to my hert !" aoo That gome gudly furth gays, and graithit his gere ; Blew ane blaft of ane home. As wes the maner beforne ; Away with his fpere, sss Scheld and helm has he borne, XLVII. The king crovnit with gold this cumpas wele knew, And caUit fchir Rannald', crueU and kene, — " Gif ony preffis to this place, for proves to perfew, Schaip the evin to the fchalk, in thi fchroud^ fchene." The deir dight him' to the deid, be the day dew ; m His birny, and his bafnet, burnift full bene; Baith his horfe, and his geir, wes of ane hale hew, With^ gold and goulis fa gay graithit in grene ; Ane fchene fcheild, & ane fchaft, that fcharply was fched ; Thre ber-hedis he bair, eos As his eldaris did air, Of his blude bled. Quhilk beirnis in Britane wair, ' Raunald, ed. ^ fchrond, ed. ' hun, ed. * wich, ed. GOLAGROS AND GAWANE. 155 XLVIII. Quhen the day can daw, deirly on hight, And the fone in the fky wes fchynyng fo fchir, eio Fra the caftell thair come cariand ane knight, Clofit in clene fteill, vpone ane courfyr. Schir Rannald to his riche fteid raikit full riht', Lightly^ lap he on loft, that lufly of lyre ; Athir laught has thair lance, that lemyt fo light, em On twa ftedis thai ftraid, with ane fterne fchiere. Togiddir frefchly thai frekis frufchit, in fay ; Thair fperis in fplendris fprent, On fcheldis fchonkit & fchent, In feUd fir away. Euin am thair hedis went, 020 XLIX. Thai lufly ledis belife lightit on the land, And laught out fuerdis, lufly and lang ; Thair ftedis ftakkerit in ]p^ ftour, and ftude ftumerad, Al to-ftiffiUit and ftonayt, the ftrakis war fa ftrang ! 625 Athir berne braithly bet with ane bright brand ; On fate frefchly thai frekis feghtin thai fang ; Thai hewit on hard fteil, hartly with hand, Quhil the fpalis, and the fparkis, fpedely out fprang. Schir Rannald raught to y renk ane rout wes vnryde ; 630 Clenely in the collair. Fifty mailyeis & mair, Ane wound y wes wyde. Euin of the fchuldir he fchair, > rihht, ed, ^ ligMy, ed. 156 THE KNIGHTLY TALE Thus thai faucht on fute, on the fair feild ; m The blude famyt thame fra, on feild quhare thai foud ; AU the hernys on the bent about that beheild, For pure forow of that fight thai f ighit vnfound ; Schire teris fchot fra fchalkis, fchene vndir fcheild', Quhen thai foundrit ane fel fey to the grund ; 64o Baith thair hartis can brift, braithly but beild, Thair wes na ftaluart vnftonait, fo fterne wes ]f ftoud [ Schir Rannaldis body wes broght to the bright tent ; Syne to the caftel of ftone, Thai had fchir Regal of Rone ; Away with him wet. With mekil murnyng and mone, LI. Thus endit the auynantis, with mekil honour, Yit has men thame in mynd, for thair manhede ; Thair bodeis wes beryit baith in ane hour ; eoo Set fegis for thair faullis to fyng and to reid. Tha Gologrus graithit of his me, in glifnand* armour, — Ane fchir Louys the lele, ane lord of that leid ; Ane vthir heght Edmond, that prouit paramour ; The thrid heght fchir Bantellas, the batal to leid ; 668 The ferd wes ane weryour, worthy and wight, His name wes fchir Sanguel, Cumly and cruel ; Foundis to the feght. m Thir four, treuly to tell, ' fcheid, ed. " glifnand, ed. GOLAGROS AND GAWANE. 157 LII. Schir Lyonel to fchir Louys wes leuit, with ane lance ; Schir Ewin to fchir" Edmond, athir ful euin ; Schir Bedwar to fchir Bantellas, to enfchew his chance, That haith war nemmyt in neid, nobil to neuin ; To fchir Sangwel foght gude Gyromalance. — eer, Thus thai mellit, and met, with ane ftout fteuin, Thir lufly ledis on the land, without legiance ; With feymely fcheildis^ to fchew, thai fet vpone feuin, Thir cumly knightis to kyth ane cruel courfe maid. The frekis felloune in feir, ero Wondir ftoutly can fteir, Rudly thai raid. With geir grundin ful cleir, LIII. Tha thair hors vith thair hochis fie harmis couth hint, As trafit in vnquart quakand thai ftand ; ey;, The frekis frefchly thai fure, as fyre out of flynt, Thair lufly lancis thai loiffit, and lichtit on the land ; Right ftyth, ftuffit in fteill, thai ftotit na ftynt, Bot bufkit to battaille, with birny and brand ; Thair riche birnys thai bet derfly with dynt, ogo Hewis doun in grete haift, hartly with hand ; Thai mighty men vpon mold ane riale courfe maid, Quhill clowis of clene maill, Hoppit out as the haill ; Sa bauldly thai baid ! Thai beirnys in the bataill, csj ' fhir, ed. ^ fcheidis, ed. 158 THE KNIGHTLY TALE OF LIV. Thai bet on fa bryimly, thai beirnys on the bent, Briftis birneis with brandis, burnift full bene ; Throu thair fchene fcheildis thair fchuld'is var fchent, Fra fchalkis fchot fchire blade, our fcheildis fo fchene ; 69o Ryngis of rank fteiU rattiUit, and rent, Gomys grifly on the grund granis' on the grene. The roy ramyt for reuth^, richift of rent^ For cair* of his knightis, cruel and kene, Sa wondir frefchly thair force thai freft on the feildis ! 695 Sa huge wes the melle, Wes nane fa futell couth fe, Bot God that al weildis. Quhilk gome fuld gouern the gre \ LV. The wyis wroght vthir grete wandreth and weuch, 700 Wirkand woundis fuU wyde, with wapnis of were ; Helmys of hard fteiU thai hatterit, and heuch. In that hailfing thai hynt grete harmys & here ; All to-turnit thair entyre, traiftly and tewch, Burnift bladis of fteill throw birneis they here ; 705 Schort fuerdis of fcheith fmertly thay dreuch, Athir freik to his fallow, with fellonne affere ; Throw platis of polift fteill thair poyntis can pafe, — All thus thai threw in that thrang, Stalvart^ ftrakf , and ftrang ; Thai doughtyis on dafe. With daggaris derfly thay dang, ' grams, ed. ^ renth, ed. ^ reut, erf. * thair, ed. » gee, ed. « Scalvart, ed. GOLAGROS AND GAWANE. 159 LVI. Schir Lyonell fchir Lowes laught has in hand, And fefit is Sangwell with Giromalans' the gude ; Schir Evin has fchir Edmond laid on the land, 716 Braithly bartynit with baill, buUerand in blude ; Schir Bedwar to fchir Bantellas yaldis vp his brand, In that ftalwart ftour, thay ftyth men in ftude. Wes nane forfify on fold, that wes feghtand, Wnmaglit and marrit, myghtles in mude ; 720 Wes nane fa proud of his part, that prifit quhen he yeid ; Bedwer and LyoneU War led to the caftell ; To Arthour thay led. 725 The cumly knight Sangwell, LVII. Schir Edmond loiffit has his life, and laid is full law^ ; Schir Evin hurtis has hynt, hidwife and fair ; Knightis caryis to the corfe, wes cumly to knaw, And had hym to the caftell, with mekill hard cair ; Thai did to that doughty as the dede aw. 730 Wthir four of the folk foundis to the fair. That wes dight to the dede, be the day can daw ; Than faid bernys bald, brym as hair, — " We fal evin that is od, or end in the pane !" Thai ftuffit hebnys in by, 735 Breift-plait and birny ; All geir that^ myght gane. Thay renkis maid reddy, ' Giromalaus, ed. " lay, ed. ^ that, ed. 160 THE KNIGHTLY TALE OF LVIII. Schir Agalus, fchir Ewmond, honelt and habill, Schir Mychin, fchir Meligor, men of grete eftait ; 740 Than ftertis out ane fterne knyght, ftalwart and ftabill, Ane berne that heght fchir Hew, hardy and hait. Now ' wil I rekkin the renkis of the Round Tabill, That has traiftly thame tight, to governe that gait ; Furth faris the folk, but fenyeing or fabill, 745 That bemyt war be the lord, luffum of lait ; Schir Cador of Cornwel, cumly and cleir, Schir Owales, fchir Ivvell, Schir Myreot, mighty emell ; Foundis in fair. Thir four, treuly to tell, 750 LIX. Thair wes na trety of treux, trow ye full traift, Quhe thai myghty can mach, on mold quhair thai met ; Thai brochit blonkis to thair fydis out of blude braift, Thair lufly lancis thai loiffit, and Ughtit, but let ; 755 SadilUs thai temyt tyt, thir trew men and traift, Braidit out brandis, on birnys thai bet ; As fyre that fleis fra the flynt, thay fechtin fa faft, With vegeand wapnis of were throu wedis thai wet. It war teirfuU to tell treuly the tend reo Of thair ftrife fa ftrang*, The feght fo fellely thai fang ; Yit laght^ it ane end. ]3oght it leftit neuer fo lang, ' Nov, ed. 2 ftcang, ed. ' light, ed. GOLAGROS AND GAWANE. 161 LX. Schir Oviles, fchir Iwill, in handis war hynt, ler, And to the lufly caftell war led in ane lyng ; Thair with the ftalwartis in ftour can ftotin, and ftynt ; And baith fchir Agalus, & fchir Hew, wes led to the kyng. Than fchir Golografe, for greif, his gray ene brynt, Wod wraith as ' the wynd his handis can wryng ; 770 Yit makis he mery magry, quhafa mynt, — Said, " I fal bargane abyde, & ane end bryng ; To morne, fickirly, my felf fall feik to the feild." He bufkit to ane barfray, Twa fmal bellis rang thay ; Wes fchene vndir fcheild. Than feymly Arthur can fay, LXI. " Quhat fignifyis yone rjmging?" faid the ryale ; Than faid Spynagros, with fpeche, " fchir, fenf peir^ That fall I tell yow with tong, treuly in taill ; 7so The wy y weildis yone wane, I warn you but weir, He thinkis his aune felf fhall do for his dail ; Is nane fa prouit in' this part of pyth is his peir. Yow worthis wifly to wirk, ane wy for to wail. That fal duchtely his deid do with yone deir ; 785 He is y forfieft freik, be fortoune his freynd. That I wait leuand this day." Than fchir Gawine y gay p* he myght furth weynd. 7% Prayt for y iournay, ' ad, ed. '■^ fen fpeir, ed. " is, ed. Y 162 THE KNIGHTLY TALE OF LXII. The king grantit p^ gait to fchir Gawane, And prayt to y grete God, to grant him his grace, Him to faue, and to falf, y is our fouerane, As he is makar of man, and alkyn myght haife. Than fchir Spynagros, Jj* freik, wox ferly vnfane ; 795 Murnyt for fchir Gawyne, and mekil mayne maife ; And faid, " for his faik, y faiklefe wes flane, Tak nocht yone keye knight to countir, in this hard cais. Is nane fa ftalwart in ftour, with ftoutnes to ftand ; Of al y langis to the king, goo The mair is my murnyng, Hynt vpone hand. Ye fuld this fell fechting, LXIII. Sen ye ar fa wourfchipfull, and wourthy in were, Demyt with the derreft, maift doughty in deid ; sos Yone berne in the battale wil ye noght forbere, For al y mobil on the mold, merkit to meid." — " Gif I de doughtely, the les is my dere, Thoght he' war Sampfone himfelf, fa me Crifte reid ! I forfaik noght to feght, for al his grete feir, sio I do the Weill for to wit, doutlefe but dreid." Than faid fchir Spynagrofe, " fen .ye will of neid Be bovn to the battale, Wirkis with counfale, And do it in deid. It fall right gret avale, sis ' the, ed. GOLAGROS AND GAWANE. 163 LXIV. Quhen ye mach hym on mold, merk to hym evin ; And here ye your bright lance in myddis his fcheild ; Mak that courfe cruel, for Cryftis lufe of hevin ! And fyne wirk as I wife, your vappins to weild. 820 Be he ftonayt, yone fterne, ftout beis his ftevin ; He wourdis brym as ane bair, that bydis na beild ; Noy you noght at his note, that nobill is to nevin, Suppofe his dyntis be deip dentit in your fcheild. Tak na haift vpone had, quhat happunys may hynt, 825 Bot lat the riche man rage, And fecht in his curage. Syne dele ye your dynt. To fwyng with fuerd quhil he fuage ; LXV. Quhen he is ftuf&t, thair ftrike, and hald hym on fteir, 83o Sa fal ye ftonay yone ftowt, fuppofe he be ftrang ; Thus may ye lippin on the lake, throu lair y I leir ; Bot gif ye wirk as wife, you worthis that wrang." The king and his knihtis, cumly and cleir, In armour dewly hym dight, be the day fprang ; m Than wes fchir Kay wondir wo, wit ye but weir. In defalt of ane freik, the feghting to fang. That gome gudely furth gais, and graithit his geir ; Evin to the caftell he raid, Huvit in ane dern flaid ; Anairmit of weir. Sa come ane knight as he baid, Y 2 164 THE KNIGHTLY TALE OF LXVI. That knight bufkit to fchir Kay, one ane fteid broune, Braiffit in birneis and bafnet, full bene ; He cryis his enfenye, and conteris hym full foune, 84c And maid ane courfe curagioufe, cruell and kene ; Thair lufly lancis thai loiffit, and lightit baith doune, And girdit out fuerdis, on the grund grene, And hewit on hard fteill, hartlie but houne ; Rude reknyng raife thai' renkis betuene. sso Thair mailyeis with melle thay merkit in the medis ; The blude of thair bodeis Throw breift-plait & birneis, Our ran thair riche vedis. 865 As roife ragit on rife, LXVII. Thus thai faught vpone fute, without fenyeing ; The fparkis flaw in the feild, as fyre out of flynt ; Thai lufly ledis in lyke, thai layid on in ane ling ; Delis thair full doughtely mony derf dynt ; Dufchand on deir wedis, dourly thai dyng ; sm Hidwife hurtis, and huge, haiftely thai hynt. That knight carpit to fchir Kay, of difcomforting, — " Of this ftonay, and ftour, I rede that ye ftynt. I will yeild the my brand, fen na better may bene ; Quhair that fortoune will faill, mi Thair may na befynes availl." — That clofit wes clene. He braidit vp his ventaill, ' thair, ed. GOLAGROS AND GAWANE. LXVIII. For to reffaue the brand the berne wes full bUth, For he wes byrfit, and beft, and braithly bledand ; s/o poght he wes myghtles, his mercy can he thair myth, And wald y he nana harm hynt, with hart, & with had. Thai caryit baith to the kynge', cumly to kyth ; Thair lancis war loiffit, and left on the land. Than faid he loud vpone loft, " lord, will ye lyth, sn Ye fall nane torfeir betyde, I tak vpone hand ; Na myfliking haue in hart, nor haue ye na dout ; Oft in romanis I reid, Airly fporne late fpeid." — The knight that wes ftout. The king to the pailyeoun gart leid sso LXIX. Thai hynt of his harnefe, to helyn his wound ; Lechis war noght to lait, with fawis fa fie. With that mony frefch freik can to the feild found, With Gologras in his geir, grete of degre ; m Armyt in rede gold, and rubeis fa round. With mony riche rehkis, riale to fe ; Thair wes on Gologras, quhair he glaid on the ground, Frenyeis of fine filk, fratit full fre. Apone fterand ftedis, trappit to the heill, 89o Sexty fchalkis full fchene, Cled in armour fa clene, All ftutfit in fteill. No wy wantit, I wene, 1 kynde, ed. 166 THE KNIGHTLY TALE OF LXX. That berne raid on ane blonk, of ane ble quhite, 895 Blyndit all with bright gold, and beriaUis bright ; To tell of his deir weid war doutles delite, And alfe ter for to tell the travails war tight. His name, & his nobillay, wes noght for to nyte ; Thair wes na hathill fa heich, be half ane fute hicht ; 900 He lanfit out our ane land, and drew noght ane lyte, Quhair he fuld fraftyn his force, and fangin his fight. Be that fchir Gawyne the gay wes graithit in his gere ; Cummyng on the ta fyde, Hovand battale to abyde, With fchelde, and with fpere. All reddy famyne to ryde, LXXI. Thir lufly ledis on the land left be Jiame allane, Tuke nowthir fremyt nor freyndis, hot found thain fra ; Twa rynnyng renkis raith the riolyfe has tane, 910 Ilk freik to his feir to freftin his fa. Thai gird one tva grete horfe, on grund q'hil thai grane ; The trew helmys, and traift, in tathis thai ta ; The rochis reirdit vith the rafch, quhe thai famyne rail ; Thair fperis in the feild in flendris gart ga. ais The ftedis ftakerit in the ftour, for ftreking on ftray ; The bernys bowit abak, Sa woundir rude wes the rak, Couth na leid fay ! m Quhilk that happynnit the lak, GOLAGROS AND GAWANE. 167 LXXII. Thai brayd fra thair blonkis, befely and bane, Syne laught out fuerdis, lang and lufly ; And hewit on hard fteill, wondir hawtane, Baith war thai haldin of hartis heynd and hardy. Gologras grew in greif at fchir Gawane ; m On the bight of the hard fteill he hyt hym, in hy ; Pertly put with his pith at his pefane, And fulyeit of the fyne maill ma' J^an fyfty. The knight ftakrit with the ftraik, all ftonayt in ftoud ; Sa woundir fcharply he fchair, 930 The heme that the brand bair ; Can to his faa found. Schir Gawyne, with ane fell fair, LXXIII. With ane bitand brand, burly and braid, Quhilk oft in battale had bene his bute, and his belde, 935 He leit gird to the grome, with greif that he had. And claif throw the cantell of the clene fchelde ; Throw birny, and breift-plait, and bordour, it baid ; The fulye of the fyne gold fell in the feild. The rede blude with the rout folowit the blaid, 940 For all the wedis, I wife, that the wy weild. Throw clafpis of clene gold, and clowis fa cleir ; Thair with fchir Gologras the fyre. In mekill angir and ire, Leit fle to his feir. Alfe ferfe as the fyre, 946 ' may, ed. m 1G8 THE KNIGHTLY TALE OF LXXIV. Sic dintis he delt to that doughty, Leit hym deftanyt to danger, and dreid ; Thus wes he handillit fall halt, that hawtane, in hy, The fcheld in countir he keft our his cleir weid ; 950 Hewit on hard fteill, woundir haiftely ; Gart beryallis hop of the hathiU, about hym on breid. Than the king vnto Crifte keft vp ane cry, Said, " Lord, as thow life lent to levand in leid. As thow formit all frute, to fofter our fude, gss Grant me confort this day, As thow art God verray!" — For Gawyne the gude. Thus prais the king in affray, LXXV. Golagras at Gawyne in fie ane grief grew, ^ As lyoune, for fait of fude, faught on the fold ; With baith his hadis in haift that haltane couth hew ; Gart ftanys hop of the hathill, that haltane war hold ; Birny and breift-plait, bright for to fchew ; Mony mailye and plait war marrit on the mold. g^s Knichtis ramyt for reuth, fchir Gawyne thai rew, p* doughty delit with hym fa, for dout he war defold ; Sa wondir fcharply he fchare throu his fchene fchroud ; His fcheild he chopit hym fra. In tuenty pecis and ma ; Witlefe and woud. Schir Wawane writhit for wa, .t OLAGROS AND GAlTANE. TO.I LXXVI. A Thus wourthit fchir Gawyne wraith, and wepand And ftraik to that ftern knight, but ftynt "; All engreuit the grome, with ane bright brand. And delt thairwith doughtely mony derf opit ; Throw byrny, and breiftplait, bordour, and band, ^ He leit fle to the freke, as fyre out of flynt ; ■He hewit on with grete haift, hartly with hand ; Hakkit throw the hard weid, to the hede hynt ; Throw the ftuf with the ftraik, ftapalis and ftanis, Schir Wawine, y^purthy in wail, • Half ane fpan at ane fpail, He hewit attanis ! Quhare his harnes wes hail, . ** ' 4 ^ LXXVII. « Thus raithly the riche berne raffit his array ; The tothir ftertis ane bak, the fterne that wes ftout ; Hit fchif Gawayne on J>^ gere, quhil greuit wes the gay, Betit doune the bright gold, and beryallis about ; Scheddit his fchire wedis fcharply away ; :*i' That lufly lappit war on loft, he gart thame law lout. The fterne ftakrit with the ftraik, and ftertis on ftray ; Quhill neir his refoune wes tynt, fa rude wes the rout ! The beryaUis on the land of bratheris gart light, Rubeis, and fapheir, Precious ftanis y weir ; > That dantely wes dight. Thus drefe thai wedis fa deir, . 'i 170 THE KNIGHTLY TALE 01 LXXVIII. Thai gyrd on fa grymljf , in ane grete ire, Baith fchir Gavia|.the grome, and Gologras the knight, The fparkis fle^'^wthei^d, as fagottig of fire, Sa wndir frely thai frMHangis the fight ; ■fhai lufchit and laid on, thai luflyis of lyre. y^ King Arthur Ihefu befoght, feymly with fight, — " As thoT^art fouerane God, fickerly, and fy«fe, That' thow wald warys fra wo Wauane the wight, And grant the frekis on fold farar to fall, ■■%, Baith thair honouris to faif." At- Grift with credece thai craif. And thus pray thay all. Knight Jtftprar, and knaif ; LXXIX. Thai mellit on with malice, tkay myghtyis in mude, Mankit throu mailyeis, and maid thame to mer ; Wraithh^roght, as thai war witlefe and wod, t^ni Be that^hir Wawane, tha, wy, likit the wer ; The b]|flHiis bright weid wes buUerand in blude. Thair wm the nobill in neid nyghit hym ner, Straik hym with ane mm brad, in ftede quhare he ftude ; The fcheld in fardellis can fle, in feild away fer ; The to]?ir hyt hym agane with ane hard fwerd. "* ^ As he loutit our ane bra, . ^^is feit founderit hym fra ; t. Grulingis to erd. *»chir Gologras graithly can ga ^** 1 At. ed. t OLAGROS AND GAWANE. l7l LXXX. Or euer he gat vp agane^. gude fchir Gawaiae 1025 Grippit to fchir Gologras, on the grand Thair of gromys wes glaid^gudly and ga Grippit to fchir Gologras, on the grand grene|g|| '^. Lovit Crifte of that cafe, with hartis fa^eW^e. Ane daggar dayntely dight that doughty has drawne ; Than he carpit to the knight, cruel and kene, loso * *' Gif thou luffis thi life, lelely noght to layne, Yeld me thi bright brand, burnift fa bene ; I rede thow wirk as I wife, or war the betide." The tojjir anfueritrfchortly, " Me think farar to dee, Ane fclander to byde. * , Than fchamyt be, verralie, VF '■> LXXXI. Wes I neuer yit defouUit, nor fylit in fame, Nor nane of my eldaris, that euer I hard nevin ; Bbt ilk berne has bene vnbundin with blame, - lijjL 1045 Ringand in rialte, and reuUit thame felf evin. ^^ Sail neuer fege vndir fon fe me with fchame, ^ Wtt Na luke on my lekame with light, nor with levin', Na nane of the nynt degre haue noy of i^lhame, I fwere be futhfaft God, that fettis all on fevin ! 1045 Bot gif tjjat wouflfchip of were win me away, I trete for na favour, ^ Do furth,»thi devoir; Doutles this day." '"tfk Of me gettl§^thou na more, "^ ^^ ' leme, ed. ^ «' z2 172 THE KNIGHTLY TALE OF LXXXII. Lordingis and ladyis in the caftell on Ic^, flpuhen thai faw^air liege lord laid on the landis, ^, Mony fweit th^^of fware fv^mit full oft, Wyis wourthit^Wwo to wrii^^^hair handis ; Was nowthir fola^JPnor fang, fflKr forow to foft, loss Ane fayr ftonay and ftour at thair hartis ftandis ; On Crifte cumly thay cry, " on croce as thou coft, With thi bliffit blude' to bring ws out of bandis, Lat neuer our fouerane his caufe with fchame to echeif ! Mary, fareft of face, * io«o Befeik thi fone in this cace. He grant ws to geif !" Ane dro^f his grete grace. Lxxxin. Thus the ledis on loft in langour war lent ; The lordis on the tojiir fide for liking thay leugh ; im Schir Qpvyne tretit the knjght to turn his entei^, For he wes wondir wa to wirk hym mare wugh, " Schirgiay for thi felf, thow feis thou art fchent ; It may nocht mend the ane myte to mak it fo teugh. ' Rife, and raik to our roy, richeft of rent ; 1070 Thow falbe newit at neid, with nobillay eneuch, ^ if-' And dukit in our duchery, all the duelling." — " Than war I woundir vnwis, fj«To purchefe proffit for pris, * All my leuing. Quhare fchame ay euer lyis, im ' hlude, ed. GOLAGROS AND GAWANE. 173 LXXXIV. J5^ fege y fchrenkf for na fchame, ])* fchent might hy fched, That Tix^e luflfis his life than lois vpone erd ; »freynde, '^^ erd; ^J9^ loso Sal neuer freik on fold, fremmyt ]^| freynde, i^j^Werd ; ^..^ For quhafa with fwourfchip fall IRhis warld ^^^de, Thair wil nane wyis, that ar wis, wary the werd. For ony trety may tyde, I tell the the teynd, I wil noght turn myn entent, for all this warld brerd, Or I pair of pris ane penny-worth in this place, loss For befandis, or beryell ; I knaw myne avne quarrell, To dee in this cace !" I dreid not the pereill, • LXXXV. 1090 Schir Gawyne rewit the renk, J?* wes riale, And faid to ]j^ reuerend, riche, and rightuis, " How may I fuccour ^ found, femelMi fale, ,; Before this pepill in plane, and pair n^ht thy pris ?" " That fall T tel y with tong, trewly in tale, ^ Wald yow denye \>^ in deid to do my deuis ; ' wss Lat it worth at my wil, y wourfchip to wale, As I^d wonnyn y of were, wourthy and wis ; Syne cary to y caftel, quhare I haue maift cure. Thus may yow faif me fra fyte ; As I am criftynit perfite. And fauf thyn honoure." I fall thi kyndes quyte. 174 THE KNIGHTLY^TALE pF LXXXVI. )k " That war hard," faid y heynd, " fa haue I gude hele ! Ane wounder peralous poynt, partenyng grete plight, To fouer in thi gentrice, but fignete or fele, /* r ^105 And I before faSfr]?^ neuer, ficEerly, with fight' ; To leif in thijaut^l^nd thow wW^lele, Than had I caffin in cair mony kene knight. Bot I knaw thou art kene, and alfe cruell ; Or thow be fulyeit fey, freke, in Jj^ fight, uw I do me in thi gentrice, be Drightin fa deir !" He lenyt vp in J?^ place ; * The toJ)ir raithly vps^ife ; In feild of his feir ! nw Gat neuer grome fic^ ane grace, * LXXXVII. Than thei nobiUis at neid yeid to thair note new ; . Frefchly foundis to feght, all fenye, and thair fair ; * Tua fchort fuerdis of fchdjMfmertly thai drew, Than thai mellit on moldPrce myle way^ and mare ; Wes newjiir cafar, nor* king, thair quentance J>* knew, 1120 It femyt be thair contenance J>* kendiUit wes care. Syne thai traift in J»' feild, throu trety of trelv ; Put up thair brandis fa braid, burly and hair. Gologras and Gawyne, gracious and gude, Yeid to the caftel of||tane, ^ 1125 As he war yoldin & tane ; Sair murnand in mude. The king precious in pane* ' fight, ed. * fit, erf. ^ a waa, erf. < gor, erf. GQjl^ Round Tabil rebutit, richeft of rent, Quhen wourfchipfuU Wawane, y wit of oiy: were, *" Is led to ane prefoune' ; Now failyeis gude fortoune !" Grat ritony fait tere. ^ The king, cumly witl^ croune, U4« LXXXIX. «. V Quhen Jj* Gawyne the gay, grete of degre, ' Wes ctimmyn to ^ caftel, cumly and cleir, Gromys of]?* garifoune niaid gamyn afi^kle, And ledis lofit thair lord, lufly of lyere • lus Beirdis beildit in blife, brighteft of ble ; Tiie tothir'knightis maid care, of Arfehiiris here ; — Al thus with murnyng and myrth thai maid melle. Ay, wP y fegis war fet to the fuppere, The feymly fouerane of J>^ fail marfchel he wes ; im He gart fchir Gawyne vpga, His wife, his doghter alfua, War fet at ^ des. , And of )j* mighty na ma, " ' prefonne^i?. 1ft 1,76 THE KNIGHTLY TALE .OF xc. He gart at ane fete burd )j*,^ftrangearis begin, * im The maift feymly in fale ordanit thame fete ; Ilk knyght ane cUmly lady, y cleir wes of kyn ; With kynde contenance the renk couth thame rehete, Quhen thai war machit at mete, ^ mare and jie myn, And ay the meryeft on mold marfchalit at mete. im Than faid he lowd vpone loft, the lord*of J>* in, To al y beirnyg about, of gr^Jj* wes grete, " Lufly ledis in land, lythis me til !" He ftraik the burd with ane yand, The quilk he held- in hand ; Sa war thai' all ftil. Thair wes na wc^d muuand, XCI.- " Heir ye ar gaderit in groffe, al the grgteft. Of gomys that grip has vndir my gouernyng* ; Of baronis, and burowis, of braid land y beft, 1170 And alfe the meryeft on mold has intrometting. Cumly knightis, in this cace I mak you requeft, «. FreyndfuUy, but falffet, or any fenyeing, '" That ye wald to me, treuly and trailt, «. TeU, your entent, as.tuiching'this thing 1175 That now hingis on my hart, fa haue I gude hele ! It tuichis myne honour fa neir, Ye mak,i]^e plane anfueir ; I may noght concele. uso Thairof I yon requeir, ^ ■ »" « ^.•, ' thair, ed, ^ goduemyng, ed. GOLAGROS AND GAWANE. 177 XCII. Say me ane chois, Jj^ tane of thir twa, Quhethir ye like me lord, laught in the feild, Or ellis my life at J>® left lelely forga, And boune yow to fum berne, Jj* myght be your beild ?" The wourthy wyis, at y word wox woundir wa, iiss Tha thai wift thair fouerane wes fchent vnder fcheild ; — " We wil na fauour here fenye, to frende, na' to fa ; We like yow ay as our lord, to were, and to weild ; Your lordfchip we may noght forga, alfe lang as we leif ; Ye fal be our gouernour, 1190 Quhil your dais may endure. For chance J)* may cheif." In eife and honour, XCIII. Quhen this auenand and honelt had maid this anfuer, And had tald thair entent trewly him till, 119s Than fchir Gologras the gay, in gudly maneir, Said to thai fegis, femely on fyll, How wourfchipful Wavane had wonnin him on weir. To wirk him wandreth or wbugh, quhilk war his wil ; How fair him fell in feght, fyne how he couth forbere ; — 1200 " In fight of his fouerane, this did ^ gentill ; He has me fauit fra fyte, throw his gentrice, It war fyn, but recure, p« knightis honour fuld fmure, Quhilk maift is of p'ce. That did me this honoure, 1205 ' nar, ed. 2 A 178 THE KNIGHTLY TALE OF XCIV. I aught as prynce him to prife, for his prouefe, That wan3i; noght my wourfchip, as he J)* ai wan, And at his bidding fall bane, blith to obeife, This berne full of bewte, J»* all my baill'blan'; 1210 I mak J?* knawin, and kend, his grate kyndjies, The countirpas to kyth to him,' gif Icani" He raikit to fchir Gawine, right in ane race, Said, " fchir, I knaw be conqueft thou, art ane kynd man ; Quhen my life and my dede wes.baith at thi wiU, 121s Thy frendfchip frely I fand ; Now wil I be obeyand. As right is, and fkill. And make ]>^ manrent with hand, XGV. Sen fortoune cachis the cours, throu hir quentys ; 1220 I did it noght for nane dreid, J>* I had to de, Na for na fauting of hart, na for na fantife ; Quhare Crifte cachis ]>^ cours, it rynnis quently; May nowthir power, nor pith, put him to prife. Quha on-fortone quhelmys Y quheU., . thair g'aist grace by, 1225 Quha may his danger endure, or deftanye difpifei That led men in langour, ay ldland=inly. The date na langar may endure na Diightin .deMiniK,i ■ Ilk man may kyth, be his cure, Baith knyght, king, & empriour, & mater maift mine is. And mufe in his myrrour, GOLAGROS AND GAWANE. 179 XCVI, Hectour, and Alexander, and Julius Cefar, Dauid, and Jofue, and Judas the gent; Sampfone, and Salamon, ]?* wife and wourthy war, 1235 And ]>*■ ryngis on erd, richeft of rent ; Quhen thai met at y merk, than might thai na mair, To fpeid thame our J?^ fpere-feild enfpringing thai fp'nt ; Quhen fortune worthis vnfrende, tha faiUeis welefair, Thair ma na trefour ourtak, nor twyn hir entent. , , 12*) All erdly riches, and rufe, is noght in thair garde ; Quhat menis fortoune be fkill, Ane gude chance or ane iU ; Is worth his rewarde. i2« Ilkane be werk, and be wiU, XCYSl. Schir Hallolkis, fchir Hewis, heynd and hardy, Schir Lyonel lufly, and alfe fchir Bedwere, Schir Wawane Jj^ wife knight, wicht and wourthy, Carys furth to jj'' king, cumly and clere ; Alfe my felf fall pafe with yow.reddj, 1260 My kyth, and my caftel, compt his conquere." Thai war arait ful raith, that ryale cumpany, Of lordis and ladis, luffum to lere ; With grete lightis on loft, J?* gaif grete leime ; Sexty torcheis ful bright, 1255 Before fchir Gologras J)^ knyght ; In ony riche reime. That wes ane femely fyght, 2 A 2 180 THE KNIGHTLY TALE OF XCVIII. All effrayt of J»* fair wes the frefch king ; Wend the wyis had bene wroght all for the weir ; Lordis laught thair lands, and went in ane lyng, And graithit thame to y gait, in thair greif geir. Spynok fpekis with fpeche, faid, " moue you na thing, It femys faughtnyng thai feik, I fe be thair feir ; Yone riche cumis arait in riche robbing, I trow this denore be done, I dout for na deir. I wait fchir Gawane ]?* gay has grathit this gait ; Betuix fchir Gologras and he Gude contenance I fe, Luffum of lait." And vthir knightis fo fre, XCIX. The renk raikit to Jj* roy, with his riche rout, Sexty fchalkis ])* fchene, feymly to fchaw ; Of banrenttis, and baronis, bauld hym about, In clathis of cleyne gold, cumly to knaw. To y lordly on loft Ji* lufly can lout. Before J?^' riale renkis, richeft on raw ; Saluft J)* bauld heme, with ane blith wout, Ane furlenth before his folk, on feildis fo faw. The king crochit with croune, cumly and cleir, Tuke him vp by the hand. With ane fair fembland ; Did to ^ deir. Grete honour y auenand 1 J»*, ed. 1270 1280 GOLAGROS AND GAWANE. 181 C. Than jj* feymly be fight faid to p^ gent, 1286 Wes vailyeand, and verteous, foroutin ony vice, " Heir am I cumyn at this tyme, to your prefent. As to Jj^ wourfchipfuUeft in warld, wourthy, and wife ; Of al y ryngis in erd richeft of rent. Of pyth, and of proues, peirles of prife. 1990 Heir I mak yow ane grant, with gudly entent. Ay to your prefence to perfew, with al my feruice ; Quhare euer ye found or fair, be firth, or be fell, I fal be reddy at your will, In alkin refoune' and fkill, Treuly to tell." As I am haldin thairtill, CI. He did the conquerour* to knaw all the caufe quhy. That aU his hathillis in }>* heir, haiUy on hight ; How he wes wonnyn' of wer with Wawane ]>^ wy, laoo And al the fortoune* y freke befell in ]j® fight ; The dout, and Jj^ danger, he tauld him quently. Than faid Arthur him feluin, femely by fight, " This is ane foueranefuU thing, be Ihefu ! think I, To leif in fie pereU, and in fa grete pUght ; 1305 Had ony preiudice apperit, in ]j^ partyce. It had bene grete pereU ; Bot fen Jj^ lawte is lell. The mare is thi price. laio That thow my kyndness wil heill, ' refonne, ed. ^ conquer, ed. ' wounen, ed. ■* fortonne, ed. 182 THE KNIGHTLY TALE OF CII. I thank the mekill, fchir knight," faid the ryall, " It makis me blythar to be than all thi braid landis ; Or all the renttis fra thyne vnto Ronfiwall, poght I myght reif thame with right, rath to my hadis." Than faid the fenyeour in fyth, femely in faiU, isib " Becaufe of yone bald berne, that broght me of bandis, AU that I haue wndir hewyne, I hald of you haill. In firth, foreft, and fell, quhare euer that it ftandis. Se vourfchipfuU Wawane has wonnyn to your hadis The fenyory in gouernyng, 1320 Cumly conquerour, and kyng, As liege lord of ladis. Heir mak [I] yow obeifing, cm. And fyne fewte I yow feft, without fenyeing, Sa y the caufe may be kend, and knawin throw f kill ; 1325 Blithly bow and obeife to, your bidding, As I am haldin to tell treuly thair till." Of fchir Gologras grant bhth wes the king. And thoght ]?* fordward wes fair, freyndfchip to fulfil, Thair fchir Gawane the gay, throu requiring, 1330 Gart j>^ fouerane him felf , femely on faill, Gary to j)^ caftel, cleirly to be haldj With all \i^ wourthy Jj* were, Erll, duke, and douch-fpere, That blyth war & bald. Baith banrent and bachilere, 1335 GOLAGROS AND GAWANE. 183 CIV. Quhen ^ femely fouerane wes fet in ]>^ faill, It wes felcouth to fe the feir feruice ; Wynis wifly in wane, went Ml grete waill Amang the pryncis in place, peirles to price. 1340 It war teir for to tel, treuly in tail, To ony wy in this warld, wourthy, I wife. With reuahng and reuay all the oulk hale, Alfo rachis can ryn vndir the wod rife, On Ji® riche riuer of Rone ryot thai maid ; 1345 And fyne, on J?^ nynte day, The renkis rial of array, With outin mare baid. Bownyt hame thair way, CV. Quhen the ryal roy, maift of renoune, laso With al his reuerend rout wes reddy to ryde ; The king, cumly with kith, wes crochit with croune. To fchir Gologras y gay, faid gudly y tyde, — " Heir mak I the reward, as I haue refoune. Before thir' fenyeouris in fight, femely befide, laos As tuiching ]>" teporalite, in toure, and in toune. In firth, foreft, and fell, and woddis fo wide ; I mak releifching of }>in jJlegiance ; But dreid I fall Jj^ warand, Baith be fey and be land, With outin diftance." Fre as I the firft fand, ,, ' their, ed. ^tiv entJfe t|)e ttrntsl^tlp Cale of Oolagros anO ®atoa ne, (n tfje fouti) gait of ®tiinburs:l^, be m^zv C|)epman anU ^[ntiroto iMttlar, m Uit tia? of ^p'Cle, tfje pbere of ^ppenbiji:* No. I. g'^re to ftyfe in eu'y ftour'. Was non fo dou3tty in dede. Ded^ of axtor', wtt' out lefe, Seche he wolde in war & pees. In mony a ftronge lede ; Sertayfily wtt outtyfi fabuft, He was wtt Artt' at ]?« Rounde TabuH:, In romans as we reede. His name was fyr Gawene, Moche worfchepe in Brette he wafi. And hardy he was and wyjjte ; The yle of Brettayfi i-cleppyde ys, Betwyfi Skotlond & Ynglonde, I wys, In ftorry i-wryte a-ry3te. Wallys ys an angutt of J)* yle. At Cardyfe foiomde Y kynge a whylle, 20 Wtt mony a gentytt kny3te ; ' Sic, for w' or with, passim. 2 B 2 15 188 '■ SYRE GAWENE AND THE That wolde to Ynglonde, to honte. As grete lordys dothe, and be wonte, [fol.l2'>.] Wtt hardy lordys and wygjte. '■ ' Kynge Arttor* to his lordis gafi faye, 25 As a lorde ryatt )?* weft maye, " Do vs to haue a mafse ; Byfchope Bawdewyfi fchatt hit doii, The to ]>^ forreft woll we gofi, Aft that evyr her ys. 30 For nowe ys grece tyme of J*^* ^eef'. That barus bolde fchulde hont Y der'. And reyfe hem of her refte ;"— Woder* glad was fyr' Mewreke, So was Y kny3t fyr Key Catoeke, 35 And 0)7' mor^ and lafe. Glade was Launccelet de Lacke, So was i Percivatt, I vndor-take, And LanfaUe, I wene ; So was fyr' Eweyfi ]>^ Vytt yan, 4o And fyr* Lot of Laudyan, That hardy was & kene. Syr' Gaytefer*, and fyr Galerowne, , Syr* Coftantyfij and fyr Raynbrowfi, . The knyft of arm^ grene ; 45 ! Syr Gawefi was ftwarde of j?** halle. He was maft of hem aft. And bufkyde hem be-dene. [fo).l3.] The kyng^ vncull fyr' Mordrete, Nobuft knyjtt^ wtt hym gafi lede, so In romans as men rede ; Syr' Yngeles, ]?* genttyle kny^te, .% Wtt hym he lede houndys wy^t. That well coude do her dede. Syr' Le Byus Dyfkonds was )7are, 55 ' fa, MS. CARLE OF CARELYLE. 189 Wtt proude mefi les & mare, To make ]>* doune der' blede ; Syr Petty-pas of Wynchylfe, A nobuft kny3t of cheuab-e. And ftout was on a ftede. eo Syr Grandofi, & fyr Ferr'-vnkow]>% |? Meryly they fewyde wtt mouthe, Wtt houndys )>* wer' wy3t ; Syr Blancheles, and Iron-fyde, M5ny a doughty )?* day coii ryde, 65 Ofi hors fayi^ and lyjte. Iroxifi-fyde, as I wane, Gat ])^ knyjt of armus grene. Oil a lady brygjt ; Sertenly, as I wndur'-ftonde, 70 The fayr^ may of Blanche-loiide, [fol.lSb.] In bour'j ]7* louely wyjte. Iron-fyde, as I wene, I-armyd he wolde ryde full clene, Wer )>* founnevyi^ fo hoot'; 75 In wyntt' he wolde arm® here, Gyantt® & he wer eu' at were. And aft way at Ip^ de-bate. Fabele-honde hyjt ys ftede, His armys and his odir' wede, so Futt fayir* and goode hit was ; Of afur foir' fothe he bare, A gryffjrfi of golde fiift feyr', I-fet futt of golde flourr®. He coude moir' of venery & of wer', as The aft }?« kyng®* J?* wer ther', Futt oft a-fay hem he wolde ; Brennynge dragons hade he flayfi, And wylde bull® mony won, > hate ? ^ knyjles ? 190 SYRE GAWENE AND THE That grefely wer i-holde. 90 Byge barrons he hade i-bondcj A hardyer knyjt myStt not be fonde, Fuft herdy he was, and bolde ; Therfor he^ was callyd, as I hard fay. The kyng^ fellowe, by his day, 95 [fol. 14.] Wtt worthy kny3tt^ i-tolde. A lyon of golde was his crefte, He fpake reyfon out of reftej Lyftyn, and je may her ; Wher eu? he went, be eft or wefte, 100 He nold for'-fake man nor beft, To fy3t fer or' ner'. Knyjtt^ kene faft they rane. The kynge foUowyd wtt mony a ma, V. C. and moo, I wene ; los Folke followyd wtt fedyrt floii®, Nobufl archarr^ for J?^ nons. To fell })e fallow der' fo cleyfi, Barrons gafi her homn® blowe, " The der cam reykynge oil a rowe, no Bothe hert and eke heynde ; Be that tyme was pryme of J>^ day, V, C. der' dede oii a lond lay, Alonge vndur a lynde. The fyr' Gaweii & fyr' Key, us And befchope Bavdewyfi, as I yow fay. Aft' a rayn-der' they rode ; Frowe J>* tym was prym of J>^ day, [fol. 14".] Tyl myde vndur'-nofi, as I yow faye, Neu? ftyU hit abode. 120 A myft gaii ryfe in a moi^, Barrons blowe her homis ftore, Meche mofi fyr Key made ; 1 he», MS. CARLE OF CARELYLE. 191 The reyne-der' wolde not dwelle, Herkon what avet hem hefelle, 125 Herbrow ]?ey wolde fayii haue hade. The fayde ]?« gentytt kny3t i Gawefij " Aft }?is labur ys in wayne, For certen trowe hit me ; The dere ys paffyde out of our' fy^t, 130 We mete no mor' wtt hy to nyjt, Hende, herkoii to me. I reede ]?* we of our hors a-lyjt, And byde in J7is woode aft nyjt. And loge vndur ]7is tree ;" — iss " Ryde we hens," quod Keye a-non, " We fchaft haue harbrowe or' we gon, Dar no man wern hit me." The fayd \>^ befchope, " I knowe hit well, A carle her in a caftell, uo A lyttyft her' ner honde ; [fol. 15.] The Karl of Carllytt ys his nam. He may vs herborow, be fent Jame ! As I vndur-ftonde. Was )?' nevyr' baru fo bolde, 145 That eu' myjt gayftyn in his holde. But evyll harbrowe he fonde ; He fchaU be bette, as I harde fity. And jefe he go wtt lyfe a-way. Hit wer but godd^ fonde. 150 Nowe ryde we |?edyr' aft )»re/' — Ther to fayd Key, " I grant hit ]?«, Alfo mot I well far' ! And as J?" feyft hit fchaft be holde. Be Y Carle neu' fo bolde, 155 I count hy not worthe an har. And ^eyf he be neu' fo ftovte. We woll hy bette aft a-bowt. And make his beggynge bar' ; 192 SYRE GAWENE AND THE ^ Suche as he brewythe feche fchaft he drenke, ifio He fchafl: be bette ]?* he fchaft ftynke. And a-jenft his wyll be ther'." Syr Gawen fayd, " fo hav I blyfe, ^ I woll not geyftyn J?'^ magreys, [fol. IS''.] Thow I my3t neu^ fo well ; 1&5 3efe any fayr* word^ may vs gayn. To make ]?* lorde of vs fiitt fayiij^ In his oim caftett. Key, let be thy boftfiift fare, Thow goft a-bout to warke care, 170 I fay, fo haue I helle ! I wott pray ]>^ good lorde, as I yow faye. Of herborow tyll to-morrow daye. And of met & melle." On her' way faft they rode, 175 At Y' caftett-jat ]>ej a-bode. The portt' caUyd ]?ey fchulde ; ,^ Thei^ hynge,a homyr by a cheyn. To knocke 1^ at fyr' Key toke dayn', The homyr a-way he wold haue pold. iso The portt' come wtt a p'wey fare. And hem fonde he ther , He axid what they wolde ; The fayd Gawen cmttefly, " We be-feche Y lorde of herbory, iss The good lorde of ]?is holde." The portt' anfwerd he a-gayn, " Your' meffage wold I do fiitt fayn, [fol. 17.] And je have harme, ]>anke hyt not me ; 3e be fo fayr', lyme and lythe, 190 And 1^ to coly, glad ];er' wtt, That cemely hyt ys to fee. . My lorde can no cortteffye, ' dedayn ? CARLE OF CARELYLE. 193 Je fchappyth notte w** out a wellony. Truly trow je mee ; ,< 195 Me rewyth for' je came j^is waye. And ar' je go fo woll je fay, But jefe Sior' grace be." « PorttV fayde Key, "let be thy care, Thow feft we mey no for]>' fare, 200 Thow jappyft, as I wene ; But Ji" woll on oui^ meffage' goii. The kyng^ keyis woll we tane. And draw hem doufi c'teyn." The portt' fayde, " fo mot I J^ryfe, 205 Ther' be not |»re knyjtt^ a-lyve. That dorft do hit, I wene ; Wyft my lorde your' wordys grete. Some youir' lyvys 30 fchold for'-lete, Or eU^ fuH fall to-flen." 2m The portt' went in to J?^ haft, [fol. I7b.] Wtt his lord he mett wtt att, That hardy was & bolde ; — « Carl of Carllhyll, gode loke ]>« ! At }>« jatt be barun^ ]?re, 215 Semley arm® to welde. To knyjtt® of Art'ys in, ^.^ A befchope, & no mor' men, Sertayn as they me tolde ;" — The fayd \>^ Carle, be fent Mygheft, 220 That tyj>ing® lykyth me ryjt well, Seyth 1^ J?is way wolde." Whs they came be-foi^ J^at fyr'. They fond iiij. whelp® lay about his fyer', St That grefly was for to fee ; 225 A wyld bole, & a feUon boor' A lyoii, }>* wold bytte for', ' mffa,ge, MS. 2 c 1J94 SYRE GAWENE AND THE Ther of they had grete ferly. A bege ber' lay loufe vn-bounde, Seche iiij. whelp® ^ )>ey fofide, 230 A^Bout Y Carll® kne ; They rofe, & came ^ knyjtt® a-gayoj And fofi y wold he haue fleyii, The Carle bade he let bee. [fol.i8.] « Ly doun," he fayd, " my whelpys four'," 235 The ]?^ lyon be-gan to Ipiir', And glowyd as a glede ; The her' to ramy, \>^ boole to groun, The bor he whett his tofkos foufi, Faft and J^at good fpede, 240 The fayd ]?« Carle, " ly ftyle, hardyfi !" They fell a-doun foir' (eiP of hyme, So for' ]>ey gan hyme drede ; For a word J»« Carle gan fay, Vnd' 'p^ tabutt they crepyd a^way, 245 The]? of fyr Key toke hede. The Carle j?« knyjtt® can be-holde, Wtt a ftout vefage & a bolde. He femyd a dredfuft mafi ; Wtt chek® longe, & vefage brade, 250 Cambur' nofe, & aft full made, Be-twyne his brow® a large spane. Hys mojth moche, his herd graye, Ou' his breft his lock® lay, As brod as anny fane ; 255 Betwen his fchuldors, whos ry^t ca rede, He was ij. tayllors 3ard® brede, — Syr Key merweld gretly ]>ah, [fol.181'.] IX. taylloris jerd® he was hyjtfaet. And J? to legg® longe and wyjtht, 260 Or ell® wonder^ hit wer ; Ther was no poft in J?* hatt, Grettyft growand of hem alt, CARLE OF CARELYLE, 195' 265 27P But his JjSys wei?'J>ycke/. His arm^ jrer' grgt, wtt outyn lefe, His fyng'is alfo, I wys, As any lege ]?* we ber' ; Whos ftond a ftroke of his hondej He was not wecke, I vndui?-ftond. That dar' I fafly fwer'. Then fyt' G. be-gan to cnele. The Carle fayd he my3t be knyjt wyUe, And bad hyme ftond vpe a-non ; " Lett be }?' knellynge, getytt knyjt, Thow logoft wtt a carft to-ny3t, 275 I fwer' by fefit Johfi ! For' her* no cortteffy )>" fchalt have. But carll^ cortteffy, fo god me fave ! For' fertt^ I can nofi;"— He bad brynge wyn, in gold fo der',' aso A-non hit cam i copp^ clef'. As any fouii hit fchofi. [fol. 19.] iiij. gallons held a cop, and more. He bad brynge forthe a grettor , — " What schall: ]?is lytyll cope doun ? 285 This to lyttytt a cope for* me, Whe I fytt by }>« fyr' ofi hy. By my felf a-loun. Brynge vs a grett' bolle of wynn. Let vs drenke, & play fethyfi, 290 Tyll we to fopp goun ;" The butteler* brou3t a cope of golde, IX. gallons hit gane holde, And toke hit \>^ Carle a-non. IX. gallons he hyld, and mare, 295 He was not weke ]?* hit bare. In his wofi houde ; The knyjtt^ dronkon faft a^bout. And fethe a-rofe, & went he out, 2 c 2 196 SYRE GAWENE AND THE To fe her' hors ftond. 300 Come and hey Y had reydy, A lyttyll folle ftod hem bye, Wtt her hors faft ettand ; The beffchope put y fole a-way, — " Thow fchalt not be fellow wtt' my palfray, 305 Whyft I am befchope in londe." [foLigb.] The Carll Tpe cam wtt a gret fpede. And afkyde " who bathe doii J^is dede ?" The befchope feyd, " )?* was I ;" — " Ther' for" a bofett y^ fchalt have, 310 I fwer , fo god me fave ! And hit fchatt be fett wytterly," " I ame a clarke of ordors hyje," — " 3ett cannyft ]?" nojt of cortteffyje, I fwei^, fo mott I tryue !" 315 He jafe \>^ beffchope a boiFett ]?", That to ]?* ground he gan goo. In® fonynge he gann lyje. Syr Key came in J?* fam cas. To fe his ftede J>er he was, 320 The foil fond he hym by ; Out att ]>« dor he drof hy out. And ofi ]>^ backe jafe hy a clovt. The Carle fe ]?* wtt hys yje. The Carft 3affe hym feche a boffett, s25 That fmertly on ^ grond hy fett. In fonynge gan he lyje ; " Euyll tav3t knyjttV ^ Carl gan fey, " I fchatt teche ]>^ or' J?" wend a-way, [fol.20.] Sumofmy cortteffye." 330 The Jiey a-rofe, and went to haft. The befchope, and I Key wtt aft. That worthy was i-wrog3t ; > feUowtt, MS. 2 1^ MS. CARLE OF CARELYLE, 197 Syr Gawe axyd w' )?ey had byne, They feyd, " our horffys we have fene, 335 And vs for' for'-thoght." The anfTwerd G. fuft curttefly, « Syi^, wtt your' leyf ]je wyU I," The Carll knewe his thought ; Hett reynnyd, & blewe ftorm^ felle, 340 That well was hy, be bocke & belle. The herborow hade cavjt. Wtt out ]>e ftabuH: doi^ \>« foil ga ftond, G. put hyme in a-gayn wtt his honde. He was aft wett, I wene ; 345 As ]?* foil had ftond in rayne. The keu yd he hym fyr Gawene, Wtt his mattell of grene. G. ' " ftond vpe fooll, & eette thy mette, We fpend her j^at thy maft' dothe gett, 350 WhyU ]>*• we her byne ;" The Carle ftode hym faft by. And }>ankyd hy fuft curtteflye, [fol.20t'.] Manny fythis, I wene. Be ]?* tyme her fop was redy dy3t, 355 The tabull^ w' hovfe vpe an hy3t, I-cowert they wer' full tyte ; Forth wtt ]7> wolde not blyne, The beffchope ga J?^ tabuU begynne, Wtt a gret de-lytte. 360 # Key was fett oii Jj* to]?' fyde, A-jenft }>^ Carll^ wyfe fo fuft of pryde. That was fo feyr' & whytte ; Her* arm^ fmaft, hei^ mydyll gent. Her' yjen grey, her* brow^ bente, ses Of curttefly fche was pfette. Her* roode was reede, her chek® rounde, ' G. fayd? 198 SYRE GAWENE AND THE A feyrror myjt not goo ofi grounde, Ne lowelyur' of fyjte ; Sche was fo gloryis & foo gay, 370 I can not rekon hei^ a-raye, Sche was fo gayly dyjte. Alas ! thoug'ht Key, Tp^ lady fre. That >« fchuldyft ]7us> i-pefchde be, Wtt feche a foulle wejtht ! " 375 " Sytt ftyU," quod ]>e Carl, « & eete ]ji mette, [fol.21.] Thow finkoft mor' >e Jj™ darft fpeke, Sertten I the hyjt." I do yow aft weft to wette, Ther was noo ma bade G. fitte, sso But in ]?« haUe flor' gan he ftonde ; The Carle sayde, " fellowe, a-nofi, Loke my byddynge be well i-donfi. Go take a fpei^ in thy honde. , And at Ip^ bottre dor' goo take thy paffe, ass 1 i And hitt me evyn in the face. Do as I the commande ; And jeyfe ]>" ber me a-jenft ))* watt, Thow fchalt not hort me wtt alle, Whyll I am gyaut in londe." 390 Syr Gaweii was a glade man wtt ]>*, At J?^ bottre dor' a fper* he gatte. And in his honde hit hente j Syr G. came wtt a gret ire, Doun he helde his hede ]7at fyre, 395 Tyll he hade geue his dentte^- He 3afe ]>^ ftofi watt feche a rappe, That }7e goode fper' aft to-brake, The fyeiP flewe out of J>e flente ; [£01.21".] The Carl fayde to hym ful fofie, 4oo « Gentytt kny^t, Jj" haft wett donne." I fis, MS. 2 dette, MS. CARLE OF CARELYLE. 199 And be )?* honde hyme hente. A cher' was fette, for' f Gawene, That worthy kny3t of Bryttayne, Befor* ]?e Carll^ wyfe was he fett ; 405 So moche his love was on hej^ lyjt, Of aft ]?« fop he ne myjt, Nodyr' drynke nor' ette. The Carle fayde, « G. comfort \>«, For fynn ys fwete, & ]j* I fe, 4 10 Serten I the hete ; Sche ys myfi y^ woldyft w' thynn, Leve feche J^ojtt^, & drenke J?^ wynne. For hei' ]?» fchalt nott geytt." Syr G. was a-fchemyde i his )70W3t, 415 The Carll^ dovjtt' forthe was brovjt. That was fo feyr' and bryjt ; As gold wyre fchynyde her' here, Hit coft a Mli. and mar*. Her' a-parrefl: pertly pyjte. 420 Wtt ryche ftonn^ her clo]?^ w' fett, Utt ryche perll^ a-bout her' frete, [fol. 22.] So femly was that fyjte ; Ouyr' all \>^ haft gafi fche leme. As hit wei^ a fon'-beme, 425 That ftonn^ fchone fo bryjt. Then feyde Jj* Carle to }?* bryjt of ble, " Uher ys }>' harpe J>™ fchuldift have broft w* )>«, Uhy haft >» hit for-gette ?" A-non hit was fett in to J>« haft, 430 And a feyr cher' wtt aft, Be-foiP hei^ fador was fett. The harpe was of mafer' fyne. The pynys wer^ of golde, I wene, Serten wtt out lett ; 435 Furft fche harpyd, &'fethe fonge, Of love, & of Artorr" arm^ a-monge, 200 SYRE GAWENE AND THE How ];ey to-geydor mett. Uhe they hade fovpyde, & mad hemi glade. The befchope i to his chambur' was lade, 440 Utt hym i Key Y J*^ene ; They toke i G. wtt out leffynge. To Y Carl^ chab' Y ga hy brynge, That was fo bryjt and fchene. They bade f G. go to bede, 445 [fol.22b.] utt clothe of golde fo feyi^ fprede. That was fo feyi^ and bryjt ; Uhe Y ^ed was made wtt wynne, The Carle bade his oun lady go in, That loufefom was of fyjte. 450 A fquyer came w^^* a p wey far , And he vn-armyde Gawen Jjer , Schaply he was vn-dyjt ; The Carle feyde, " fyr Gawene, Go take my wyfe i Y arm® tweyne, 455 And kys her in my fyjte." Syr G. anffwerde hyme a-non, " Syr, Y byddynge fchatt be donne, Sertaynly in dede ; Kytt, or fley, or laye a-doune," — 460 To the bede he went full fone. Fad and that good fpede. For foftnis of Y ladys fyde. Made G. do his wyil Y tyde, Ther of G. toke Y Carle goode hede ; 465 Uhe G. wolde haue don Y p'vey far^. The feyd Y Carle, " whoo thei^ ! That game I Y for-bede. [fol.23.] But G. fethe Y haft do my byddynge, Som kyndnis I moft fchewe Y i ^ny }>inge, 470 As fer' forthe as I maye ; Thow fchalt have wonn to fo bryjt, Schall play wtt Y aB ]7is nyjte. CARLE OF CARELYLE. 201 Tytt to-morrowe daye." To his doujtt^ chambur he went futt ryjt, 475 And bade her* a-ryfe, & go to J?e knyjt. And wern hyme nott to playe ; Sche dorft not a-jenft his byddyng' don, But to G. fche cam fiitt fone. And ftyle doun be hyme laye. 430 « Now G." q' })e Carle, « holft jj^ well payde ?" " 3e, for gode, lorde," he fayde, " Ryjt weft as I my^te ;" " Nowe," q' Y Carle, "I woU to chambu/ go. My bleflyng' I geyfe yow bouthe to, 483 And play to-geydor aft )>is nyft." A glad man was fyr Gawen, Sertenly as I yowe fayne. Of }7is lady bryjt ; Serten fothely for to fay, 490 So I hope was J?at feyr maye, [fol. 23b.] Of Y genttytt knyjt. " Mary, mercy !" J^oujt ]?* lady bryjte, " Her come neu fuche a knyjt. Of aft that her hathe bene ; — " 495 Syr Key a-rose vppon Y morrowii. And toke his hors, & wolde a-gofie, Homwarde, as I wenne. " Nay, i Key," Y befchope gaii feye, " We' woft not fo wende our waye, 500 Tytt we I G. have fene •" The Carit a-rofe, on morrow a^noii. And fond his byddynge reddy doune, His dyner i-dyjt fuft cleyne. To a mas they lett knelle, 505 Syi^ G. a-rofe, & went );ei^ tytt, And kyft )?at lady bryjt & cler ; 1 Ne, MS. 2 D 202 SYRE GAWENE AND THE " Mare, ni"ce !" feyde ]?* lady bryjt, " Uheir' I fchatt fe enny moi^ J^is kny3t. That hathe ley my body fo ner' }" Uhe J7« mefe was doune to ende, Syr G. toke his leve to wende. And Jjonkyde hym of his cher' ; « Furft," fayde ]>« Carle, "je fchalt dynii, [fol.24.] And on my blefiynge wende home fyne, Homward al yn fere^ Hit is XX**. wynt' Son," fayde ]>^ Karle, " nowe. That god I make a-vowe, Ther' fore I was fulle fad ; Ther fchulde neu' man logge i my won^, I But he fcholde be flayne, I wys, I But he did as I hym bad. But he wolde do my byddynge bowne. He fchulde be flayne, S layde a-downe, Whedir' he wer' lorde or lad' ; Fonde I neu , G. none but the, Nowe gode of heuyfi yelde hit the, Thei^ fore I am fuUe glade. He yelde J^V' fayde ]?« Carle, " ]?* Y dere boujte ! For al my bale to blyffe is brou^te, Throt^e helpe of Mary quene ;" He lade G. yn to a wilfome won^. There as lay x. fodii^ of dede meii bonys, Al yn blode, as I wene ; Ther hynge many a blody ferke. And eche of heme a dyuers marke, Grete doole hit was to fee®. [fol.24b.] « This flowe I, G. and my helpis, I and alfo my four^ whelpis. For fothe as I the fay ; 510 520 525 ' This line is by a second, hut coceval hand. « fene ? CARLE OF CARELYLE. 203 Nowe wtille I foriake my wj'ckyd lawys, p fchaS no mo men her^ be flawe, I wys. As fer^ forthe as I may. G. for the love of the, Al fchal be welcome to me, 545 J)* comythe her by this way ; And for alle thefe fowlys I vndirtake, A chauntery her' wul 1 lete make, X. preftis fyngynge til domys-day.'^ Be that tyme her dyner' was redy dyjte, 550 Tables wer hovyn vp an hyjte, I-keuerid "pei were fuUe clene ; Syr G. and Ip^ lady dere. They were i-fuyd bothe i-fer', Myche myrthe was theme bytwene. sss Ther fore ]>^ Carle was futt glade. The byfchop & i Kay he bad, Mery )>* j^ei fcholde bene ; He 3afe ]?= bifehop to his bleffynge, A cros, a myter, & a rynge, seo A clothe of golde, I wene ; He 3af i Kay, ]>" angery knyght, [fol.25.]; A blode-rede ftede, and a whight, Suche on had he neu fene. He jaf i G. fothe to fay, 665 His dou3ter, & a whijte palfray, A somer i-chargid w* golde ; Sche was fo gloryous He fo gay, I kowde not rekyn here a-ray, So bryjte was aUe her molde ! 570 " Nowe ryde for]?^ G. on my bleffynge. And grete wel Artyr, ]7* is yo" kynge. And pray hym })* he wolde ; For his loue ]?* yn Bedlem was borne, 1 ferth, MS. 2 D 2 204 SYRE GAWENE AND THE That he wull dyne w* me to-mome," 575 G. feyde he fcholde. Then ]>ei rode fyngynge a-way, W* ]>* yonge lady on her palfray, pt was fo fayr' & bryghte ; They tolde kynge Artir wher* ]7ei had bene, sso And what wondirs ]>ei had fene, Serteynly in her fyght. " Nowe thonkyd be god, cofyn Gawyn, p* ]>^ fcapift a-lyve vn-flayne, Serteyne, w* alle my myght ;" — sss "And I, i kynge," fayd # Kay a-gayne, [fol.25b.] « That eu' I fcapid a-way vn-flayne. My hert was neuyi^ fo lyglit. p' Carle p"yde you for his love J?* yn Bedle was borne, That ye wolde dyne w* hyra to-mome,"— 590 Kynge Arf fone hym hyght ; In |j« dawnynge forjje )>ey rade, A ryalle metynge ]7er was i-made. Of many a ientylle knyght. Trompettis mette hem at ]>^ gate, 595 Clarions of filuer' redy ]>er' ate, Serteyne wythoutyn lette ; Harpe, fedylle, and fawtry. Lute, geterofi, & merely. In to ]j* haUe knyghtis hem fett. 600 The Carle knelyd' downe on his kne. And welcomyd' ]>e kynge •mirthyly, W* wordis ware and wyfe ; When ]>" kynge to ]>e halle was brought, Nothynge ]>er' ne wantyd' nought, eos That any man kowde deuyfe. The wallys glemyd as any glaffe, W dyapir colour wroujte hit was. Of golde, afur', and byfe ; W* tabernacles was 'pe halle a-boujte, eio CARLE OF CARELYLE. 205 [fol.26.] W* pjmnacles of golde^ fterne and ftoute, Ther* cowde no man hem preyfe. Trompettys trompid vp in grete hete, The kynge lete fey g"ce, S wente to mete, And was i-fuyde w* cute lette ; 615 Swannysj fefautysj SE cranys, Partrigis, plouers, and curlewys, Be-fore J>e kynge was fette. The Carle feyde to )?e kynge, " dothe gladly, Here get ye no noJ>ii^ curtefy, 620 As I vndir-ftonde ;" W* Tpat come yn boUys of golde fo grete, Ther was no knyght fat at pe mete, Myght lyfte hem w* his on honde. The kynge fwore by feynte Myghelle, 625 "This dyner lykythe me as welle. As any pat euyr Y fonde ;" A dubbyd hym knyght on the morne. The contre of Carelyle he jefe hym fone. To be lorde of Jjat londe. eso " Her I make ]>e, yn ]7is ftownde, A knyght of Tpe Table Rownde, Karlyle ]>i name fchalle be ;" [fol. aeb.] On the morne, when hit was day-lyght, Syr G. weddyid' Ipat lady bryght, 635 That femely was to fe. Than ]>e Carle was glade and blythe. And thonkyd ]>e kynge fele fythe. For fothe as I yow fay ; A ryche fefte had' he i-dyght', 64o That laftyd holy a fortenyght, W* game, myrthe, and playe. The mynftrellis had yeftys fre. That ]>ej myght ]>e better be, ' i-dygh, MS. 206 SYRE GAWENE AND THE CARLE OF CARELYLE. To fpende many a day ; 645 And when ^e fefte was brou3te to ende, Lordis toke here lave to wende, Homwarde on her way. A ryche Abbey ]7e Carle gan make. To fynge and rede^ for goddis fake, eso In wurfchip of owP lady ; In the towne of mery Carelyle, He lete hit bylde ftronge SE wele. Hit is a byfchoppis fee. And ]>er yn monkys gray, 655 To rede and fynge tille domys-day, [fol. 27.] As men tolde hit me ; For the men J>* he had flayne, I wis, — Jhu Cryfte, brynge vs to thy blis, Aboue in heuyn, yn thy fee ! AMEN. 660 ' redee, MS. No. II. C!)e Jeaste of g)^r (2^a\Da^ne» * * * * * * * * * * * * [VIZIS'. And fayde, " I dreede no threte ; fol.is.i I haue founde youe here in my chafe," — And in hys armes he gan her brace. With kyfsynge of mowthes fweete. There Syr Gawayne made fuch chere. That greate frendefhyp he foimde there. With that fayre lady fo gaye ; Suche chere he made, and fuche femblaunce. That longed to loue he had her countenaunce. With oute any more delaye. He had not taryed with her longe. But there came a knyght tall and ftronge, Vnto the pauyUon he wente ; He founde Syr Gawayne with that lady fayre, — " Syr knyght, thow makest an euyU repayre. That wyU make the fhente. Yt ys my doughter that thow lyest by, Thowe hast done me great vyUanye, Amende yt mayst thou nought ; Thou haste greate fortune with that dame. 208 THE JEASTE OF SYR GA WAYNE. Tyll nowe neuer man coulde for f hame, I fee, Syr knyght, that thou hast wrought. Wherefore I fee fortune ys thy frynde. But haftely vnto haxnes nowe thou wynde," Than fayed that bolde knyght ; 25 " Thou hast done me mnche dyfhonoure. And may not amende yt^ by Mary floure ! Therefore hastelye the dyght." Than befpake Syr Gawayne, and thus he fayde, " I fuppofe I haue the loue of the mayde, 30 Suche grace on her haue I founde ; But and youe be her father deere, [fol. ifib.] Syr^ amendes nowe wyll I make here, * As I am to knyght-hode boxmde. Nowe all forewardes I wyll fullfyll, 35 And make amendes youe vntyll. And lette me pafse quyte ;" " Naye/' fayed the olde knyght than, " Fyrst wyll we afsaye oure myghtes as we can. Or elfe yt were a dyfpyte." 4o Nowe fayde Gawayne, " I graunte yt the, Sythe yt none othei-wife wyll be, {Here is inserted a drawing.^ [fol. 16.] Nedes muft that nedes fhall ;" He toke hys ftronge horfe by the brydle. And lyghtly lepte in to the faddle, 45 As a knyght good and royall. He toke a fpere that was greate and ftronge. And forthe he wente, a large furlonge. And turned hys horfe with mayne ; They feutred theyr fpeares, thefe knyghtes good, so And rufshed together with eger moode, Aboue on the mountayne. Gawayne fmotte thya knyght fo foore. That hys horfe with ftrenght he ouerthrewe thore. And on the grounde he laye vpright ; ss THE JEASTE OF SYR GA WAYNE. 209 Syr Gawayne turned hys horfe agayne. And sayde, " fyr knyght, wyll ye any more fayne ?" " Naye/' he fayed, for he ne myght. " I yelde me, Syr knyght, in to thy hande. For thou arte to ftyffe for me to ftande, 6o My lyfe thou graunte me ;" " On thys couenaimte," Syr Gawayne fayde, " That ye do no harme vnto the mayde, I am a-greed that yt so be. Alfo ye f hall fwere on my fwerde here, 65 That none armes agaynst me ye fhaU beare, Neyther to daye nor to nyght ; And then take your horfe, and wende your waye. And I f hall do the beft that I maye, As I am a trewe knyght." 70 There thys knyght fware, and dyd pafse, Syr Gylbert called he was, A ryche earle, ftyffe and' ftoure ; He fayde, " Syr knyght, take good kepe, [fol. lei*.] For better fhalt thou be afsayled or thou flepe, 75 With many a f harpe f houre." Them fayd Gawayne, " I beleue right well. Whan they come, youe fhall here tell Howe the game fhall goo ; I am nowe here in my playnge, so I wyU not go awaye for no threatynge. Or that I will feele more woo." Than Syr Gylberte wente hys waye, Hys horfe was gone downe the valaye. On foote he must hym abyde ; 85 He yode downe, without wordes more. The ftrokes greaued hym fuU foore. That bated muche hys pryde. ,. "^ Syr Gawayne had fmytten hym in the fholder-blade, ' in? 2 E 210 THE JEASTE OF SYR GAWAYNE. After hys walkynge the blode out fhade, 90 He rested hym vnder a tree ; He had not rested hym but a lyttell fpace. But one of hys fonnes came to that place, Syr Gyamoure called was he. " Father/' he fayde, " what ayleth youe nowe ? 95 Hathe any man in thys forrest hurte youe ? Me thynke full faste ye blede ;" " Yea, fonne," he fayde, ■• by goddes grame ! A knyght hath done me fpyte and fhame. And lost I haue my ftede. 100 Alfo he hath layne by thy syster, by the rode ! That greueth me more than fhedynge of my blode, And the defpyte was well more ; And he hath made me to fweare. That to daye none armes fhall I beare, 105 A-gaynst hym, by goddes ore !" [fol. 17.] " Father, nowe be of good chere. And I fhall rewarde hym, as ye fhall here. As I am a trewe knyght! He fhall beate me, or I fhall beate hym, 110 I fhall hym beate be he neuer fo grymme. And hys death to-dyght." " Lett be, fonne Gyamoure, nowe I the praye. Thou fpeakest more than thou maye. That fhalt thoue feele foone ; 115 There fhalt thoue mete with a knyght ftronge. That wyll paye hys lyueray large and longe. Or thy iourney be all done." " lV~r OWE farewell, father," Gyamoure fayde, [ ^ He toke the waye to hys fyster the mayde, 120 As fast as he myght on the gate ; Vnto the pauylion he toke the waye. There as Syr Gawayne and hys fyster laye. That thought on no debate. THE JEASTE OF SYR GA WAYNE. 211 " A-ryfe," he fayed, " thou knyght ftronge of hande, las And geue me battaylle on thys lande, Hye the fast anone right ; Thou hast hurte my father to-daye. And layne by my fyster, that fayre may, Therfore thy deathe ys dyght." 130 Than fayde Gawayne, "though yt be to, A-mendes I wyll make or that I goo, Yf that I haue myfdone ; Better yt ys nowe to accorde right, Than we two nowe in battayll fhulde fyght, 135 Theifore go from me foone." " Nay," fayed Gyamoure, " that f hall not bee, [fol.17''. That daye, knyght, fhalt thow neuer fee. For to fuifer fuche a f korne ; A-ryfe in haste, and that anone, ho For with the wyll I fyght alone. As god lett me be borne \" Gawayne fawe no better bote, And wyghtelye he lepte on foote, Hys horfe was fast hym bye ; us In to the faddle wightelye he fprente. And in hys hande hys fpeare he hentte, [Here is inserted a drawing.} [fol.18.] And loked full egerlye. Eyther turned hys horfe than a-waye, A fiirlonges lenght, I dare well faye, 150 Aboue on the mountayne ; They ranne together, thofe knightes good. That theyr horfes fydes ranne on bloode, Eyther to other, certayne. What nedeth nowe more tale to tell ? 155 Gawayne fmotte hym with hys fpeare fo well. That he fell flatte to the grounde ; Hys horfe was fyers, and went hys waye, And hurte was the knyght there as he laye, 2 E 2 212 THE JEASTE OF SYR GAWAYNE. Sjr Gawayne afked hym in that ftounde. i6o " Syr knight, wyll ye any more ?" " Naye/' he fayde, " I am hurte fo fore, I maye not my felfe welde ; I yelde me, fyr knyght, and faue my lyfe. For with the I wyll no more ftryffe, i65 For thowe hast wonne the felde." " Syr, on thys couenaunte I the graunte. So ye wyll make me faythe and warraunte, To-daye agaynst me no armes to beare ; Sweare thys othe on my fwearde bright." — no " Yes," he fayde, " I wyll, as I am trewe knight, That thys daye I ^yll not youe deare. Nowe fare well, knyght, fo god me amende ! For I fee fortune ys thy greate frende. That fheowith in the to-daye ; 175 There ys no bote to ftryde * agayne. For thou arte a knyght full ftronge of mayne. Fare well, and haue good daye." Thus Gyamoure wente downe the mountayne hye, [fol.18''] On foote he wente full werelye, iso Hys father foone hym fpyed ; " A ! Wellcome," he fayed, " my fonne Gyamoure, Me thynke thou hast not fpede well thys ftoure, That full well I fee thys tyde. Thou went on horfe-backe, lyke a good knyght, iss And nowe I fee thou arte dolefully dyght. That maketh all my care ;" " Father," he fayde, " yt wyll none otherwife be. Yonder knyght hath wonne me in warre fo fre. And bathe wounded me full fore. 190 Forfothe," fayde Gyamoure, " I wyll not lye. He ys a ftronge knyght, bolde and hardye. Of Arthures courte I trowe he ys ; ' ftryve ? THE JEASTE OF SYR GAWAYNE. 213 I fuppofe on of the Rounde Table, For at nede he ys both ftronge and hable, iss So haue I founde hym, withouten myfse." Right fo as they fpake the one to the other. There came to them the feconde brother^ Syr Tyrry was hys name ; He came rydynge on a iolye courfyer, 200 Dryvinge by leapes, as the wylde fyer, The knyght was of good fame. He was not ware of hys father deare. But hys brother called hym neare. And fayde, " Syr, nowe abyde ;" 205 He than turned hys horfe, that knyght fo gaye, By leapes out of ftraye, Hys hearte was full of pryde. Than founde he hys father all blodye, And hys brother was wounded fyckerlye, 210 In hys hearte he began to be fyke : [fol.l9.] « A! fyr, who hath wounded youe 7" quod he, " A-venged on hym nowe wyU I be. That fhall hym myflyke." " I wys, fonne, yt ys a knyght ftronge, 215 That hath done vs thys wronge, Aboue on the mountayne ; He hath me wounded pafsynge foore. And I trowe thy brother he bathe well more. And by thy syster he hathe layne. 220 Therfore go nowe, as a knyght good. And auenge the fhedynge of thy fathers blood. As faste as euer thou maye ; Loke that thou fayle not for no cowardyfe, But mete hym in the myghtyest wyfe, 225 For he ys good at a-faye/' " I fee well, father, he ys a knyght ftronge. But he hathe done youe greate wronge, Yt woulde be harde hym to wynne ; 214 THE JEASTE OF SYR GA WAYNE. But neuer the later I fhall do my myght, 230 Hys ftrenght afsaye nowe I fhall in fyght, Yf he were of the deuyls kynne/' T HYS knyght Syx' Teny turned hys horfe. And \ip the mountayne he rode with force. As fast as he myght dryue ; 235 He came to the pauylion, with greate pryde,-^ " Haue done, fyr knyght, thy horfe beftryde. For with the I am at ftryue." Sjr Gawayne loked out at the pauylyon doore. And fawe thys knyght armed hym before, 240 To hym he fayed verelye ; " Sj/, yf I haue ought to youe offendedj [fol.191'.] I am ready to make yt to be amended, By mylde mother Marye \" " Naye, Syr knyght, yt maye not fo o^, 245 Therfore make the ready faste to me. In all the haste that thou maye ; For be god that me dere bought. Make a-mendes mayest thou nought, Therfore nowe lett vs playe." 230 Gawayne fawe none other bote than, Hys horfe he toke as a worthye man. And into the faddle he fprente ; He toke hys horfe with a greate randone, — " Nowe, Syr knyght, lette me haue done, 255 What in youre hearte ys mente." " Lo ! here I am," fayde Syr Terrye, " For to the I haue greate enuye," And together gan they dafshe ; They rufshed to-gether with fuche debate, 260 That marueyll yt was ho we that they fate. They gaue fuche a crafshe! Syr Terrye fpake in that place. And Gawayne fought faste in that race. THE JEASTE OF SYR GA WAYNE. 215 And throughe the fholder hym pyght ; 265 And caste hym ouer the horfe backe, That in the earth hys hehne ftackej That nyghe hys death he was dyght, Syr Gawayne than fayed on hyght, " Syr knyght, -wyll ye any more fyght ?" 270 He aunfwered hym, " naye, I am fo foore hvirte I may no more ftande, Therfore I yelde me in to thy hande. Of mercye I the praye." [Here is inserted a dramng.] [fol.20.] « What,,' fayde Gawayne, " ys that yonre boast greate ? 27s I wende youe woulde haue foughten tyll ye had fweate, Ys youre ftrenght all done ?" " Yea, fyr, in fayth, fo god me nowe faue ! Of me thou mayste no more craue. For all my myght ys gone. 280 Thou haste to-day wonne thre knyghtes. The father, and two fonnes, that well fyghtes, Worfhjplullye vnder thy fhyelde; And yf thou maye wynne our eldest brother, [fol. 20''.] I call thee the best knyght, and none other, 28S That euer fought in fyelde. For he ys fuU wyght, I warne youe weUe, He endureth better than > doth the fteele. And that fhalte thou foone fee ; But he be thy matche I can not knowe, 290 Of knyghthode thoue haste no felowe. On my fayth I enfure thee." " Nowe," quod Gawayne, " lette hym be. And, Syr knyght, make an othe to me, Y* y^ daye thou do me no greue ; 29s And thou fhalt pafse fro me all quyte, Where as ys nowe thy moste delyght, ' that, MS. 216 THE JEASTE OF SYR GA WAYNE. With oute any moore repreue," Syr Tenye fayde, " therto I graunte. Fare well nowe, God be thy warrante," — 300 Full weykelye he wente on foote ; He lefte neuer tyll he came there. Where as hys father and Gyamoure were. That carefuU heartes had, god wote. Than befpake Gyamoure, hys yongest brother, 305 " Syr, thou hast gotten as we haue, and non other, That knewe I well yt f houlde fo be ;" " By god !" fayde Syr Terrye, " fo nowe yt ys. He ys a deuyll, forfothe ywys. And that ys proued on me." aio " Yea," quod Syr Gylbart, that Earle fo olde, " He ys a knyght bothe ftronge and bolde. And fortune ys hys frende ; My doughters loue he hath clene wanne, Therfore I dare well faye he ys a manne, 315 Where euer that he wende." As they thre ftode thus talkynge, [fol. 21.] They hearde a manne fiill loude fynge. That all the woode ronge ; — " That ys my fonne Brandies fo gaye, 320 Whan he feeth vs in fuche araye. He wyU leaue hys fonge.^' By than they fawe the knight comynge, A grene boughe in hys hande he dyd brynge, Syttynge on a ioylye courfyere ; 32s Hys horfe was trapped in redde veluett. Many ouches of golde theron was fette. Of knyghthode he had no peere. Alfo hys horfe was armed before. The headde and the brest, and no more, 330 And that in fyne fteele ; Hym felfe was armed pafsynge fure. In barneys that woulde ftrokes endure. THE JEASTE OF SYR GA WAYNE. 217 That had bene proued right wele. Thys knyght bare on hys hedde a pomell gaye, 335 Syttynge on hys horfe, ftertynge cute of the waye. By leapes he came aboute ; A fhyelde he hadj that was of renowne, He bare theryn a blacke fawcowne. The fhyelde was of syluer withoute. 340 Alfo in hys hande a fpere he bare, Bothe ftronge and longe, I make youe ware, And of a truftye tree ; There was an headde theron of fteele wrought. The beft that myght be made or bought, 345 And well afsayed had be. Theron of pleasaunce a kercheyf dyd honge, I wote yt was more than thre elles longe, Enbrodered all withe golde ; [fol.2Ii'.J He was a knyght of large and lenght, 350 And proued well of muche ftrenght, Afsaye hym who fo woulde. Spurres of golde aKo he had on. And a good fwerde, that wolde byte a-bone. Thus came he dryuynge; 355 Tyll he came there as hys father was. Whan he all fawe, he fayde, " alas ! {Here is inserted a drawing.] [fol. 22.] Thys ys an euyll tydynge." Whan he fawe hys father all blodye. And hys two brethern hurte full fyckerlye, 36o " Alas !" fayde Brandies than, " Who hath done youe fuche a dyfpite ? TeU me in haste, that I maye yt quyte, For my hearte ys wo begone." Than faide the father, "fonne, I fhall the tell, 365 All thys hathe done a knyght fuU fell, And layne by thy syster alfo ; He beete me fyrst, and them all, 2 F 218 THE JEASTE OF SYR GA WAYNE. And ma4e vs fwere that we ne fhall, Thys daye do hym no wo." 370 Nowe faide Brandies, " thys ys yll come, I enfure youe by my holydome, I fhall proue hys myght ; Were he as ftronge as Sampfon was. In fayth fhall I neuer from hym pas, 375 Tyll the one of vs to death be dyght." " Yea, fonne Brandies, thou fhalt not foo, Thoughe he haue done wronge, lett hym goo. The knyght ys paffynge fure ; I wyll not for more than I wyll fayne, 380 See the, Syr Brandels, there flayne^ For I warraunte the he wyll endure. The knyght ys ftronge, and well fight can. And when he hathe at hande a man. He wyll do hym none yll ; asa But gentle wordes fpeake agayne. And do hym no harme ne mayne. Thus gentyU he ys in fkyU." [fol.22b.] « T^TT OWE lette hym be," fayde Brandies than, 1 ^ " Sone fhall we fee yf he be a manne," 390 And fayed " haue good daye ;" Streyght to the pauylyon he rode. That fawe the mayden as fhe ftode. That yt was her brother gaye. " Syr knyght," fhe fayde, " here cometh one, 395 Yt wyl be harde hym to ouergone, Beholde nowe and fee ; Yonder cometh one ^U dure in fyght, I warraunte ye fawe neuer a better knight. Than ye fhall fynde hym, fyckerlye. *oo Beholde nowe my brother, Syr Brandies, He ys in warre fuU flye, y-wys. And that thowe fhalt fynde ; THE JEASTE OF SYR GAWAYNE. 219 Me thynke hym pafsynge lyke a knyght, Haue no drede ye fhall fynde hym wight, 4(i5 Nowe vnder thys lynde." " By god !" fayde Gawayne,:" he ys full lyke. To abyde a buffette, and to ftryke. And of hys handes a man ; I fawe not or nowe thys yeares thre, 4io A man more lyke a man to be. By god and by Saynt Johan !" Right fo Syr Brandies, the knyght gaye. Spake on hyghe, and thus gan faye, " Where arte thou, good Squyer ? 415 Come forthe in hafte," he fayde on hyght, " For with the will I fyght, A newe game thoue fhalt leere. Thou haste done me dyfworfhip greate^ And mayst not nowe amendement gette, 420 [ft)1.23.] Yt ys no tyme of peace to fpeake ;" Syr Gawayne faide, " Syr, I the praye. Let me make a-mendes, and youe maye. Or thou begynne thys wreke. Syr, and I haue ought myfdone, 425 Tell me, and it fhalbe amended foone. All gentlenes to fidlfyll ; I haue bene be-ftad to daye fidl foore. Shame yt were to proue me any moore. But here I am at youre wyU." 430 " Ywys," quod Brandies, " that ys fothe. But I must nedes holde myne othe. Thou haste done fo yll ; My father and my brethren thou hast beaten bothe. To accorde with the I were therof lothe, 435 My worfhippe to full-fyll." Nowe fayed Gawayne, " fythe yt ys fo, I muste nedes me dryue ther to, Thys daye god lende me grace ; 2 F 2 220 THE JEASTE OF SYR GAWAYNE. For my worde fhall do none aduauntage, 440 Let vs fee howe well we can outrage^ Yf I maye dare ought in thys trace." " Gramarcy/' fayde Brandies, " in good faye, Nowe fhall youe fee me make good playe, Of knight-hode thou hast no peere ; 445 I am right gladde thou hast myght. But forye I am we lacke the daye-lyght, But a-mended ys my cheere." They fought together, thofe knightes good, Throughe theyr habtirgeons ran out the redde blode, 450 That pytte yt^ was to fee ; They fought together with fuche yre, [Here is inserted a drawing.] [fol. 23b.] That after flamed out the fyre. They fpake of no mercye. Thus full longe than gan they fyght, 455 Tyll at the laste they wanted lyght. They wyste not what to done ; Than fayde Syr Brandies, that knyght fo gaye, " Syr knyght, we wante lyght of the daye, Therfore I make my mone. 46o Yf we fyght thus in the darke together, Throughe myfhappe the one myght fie the other, [fol. 24.] And therefore by myne afsent ; Lett vs fweare on oure fweardes bothe. Where that we mete for leyfe or lothe, 465 Yf that we mete in prefent, Neuer to leaue the battayll tyll the one be flayne," — " I afsent me therunto," than fayde Gawayne, " And ye wyll that yt fo be ;" Than fayde Syr Brandies, " I may none other do, 470 For fuche promefse I made my father vnto. Therefore thys othe make we. ' ys, MS. THE JEASTE OF SYR GAWAYNE. 22] I wotte there ys no ftroke that thou gauest me, But I fhall quyte yt full fyckerlye. And thou arte not in my debte ; 475 Full large of lyueray thou arte, Syr knyght, Neuer none that proued fo well my myght. We bene euen as we mette. Lett vs make an othe on our fwerdes here, In that place we mete, farre or nere, 480 Euen there as ether other may fynde ; Euen fo we fhall do the battayle vtterlye," — " I holde," fayde Gawayne, " by mylde Marye ! And thus we make an ende." Syr Gawayne put vp hys fwerde than, iss " Syr knight, be frende to that gentle woman, As ye be gentle knyght ;" " As for that," fayde Brandies than, " She hathe caufed to day, "pardye, much fhame', Yt ys pyttye fhe hathe her fyght." *9o " Syr knyght," fayde Gawayne^, " haue good daye, For on foote I haue a longe waye, And^ horfe were wonders* deare ; Some tyme good horfes I haue good wone, [fol.241'.] And^ nowe on foote 'I muste nedes® gone, 49s God in haste amende my chere !" Syr Gawayne was armed pafsynge heavy. On fote myght he not endure, trewely, Hys knyfe he toke in hande''' ; Hys armure good he cutte hym fro, soo Els on foote myght he not goo. Thus with care was he bande*. [Here is inserted a drawinff,] ' moch fhame, parde, ed. Petyt. fragm. ° fyr Gawayne. 3 an. * me wonder. ° But. 6 nedes muft I. ' honde. ' bonde. 222 THE JEASTE OF SYR GAWAYNE. rfol.25.1 T EAUE we nowe of ^ Syr Gawayne in wo, J_j And fpeake we more of Syr Brandies tho, When he with hys syster mette ; sos He fayed, " fye on the harlot ftronge ! Yt ys pyttie thou^ lyuest fo longe, Strypes harde I wyll the^ fette." He* bete her* bothe backe and fyde. And than woulde he not a-byde, sio But to hys father ftreight he wentte ; And^ he afked^ hym how he fared. He fayde, " fonne, for the haue I cared, I wende thou^ haddest be^ fhente." Brandies fayde, "I haue beate my syster, 515 And the knyght, I made hym fweare, Than^" whan we mete a-gayne ; He and I wyll together fyght, Tyll that^' we haue fpended our** myght, Ajid that one of vs be flayne/' 520 So home they went all foure*^ together. And eche of them helped other. As well as they myght go ; Than the lady gate her a-waye. They fawe her neuer after that daye, szs She went wandrynge to and fro. Alfo Syr Gawayne on''* hys partye. On foote he went fuU werylye, Tyll he to the courte came home ; All 'hys aduentures'* he f hewed the kinge, 530 That with thofe foure knyghtes he had fyghtynge. And eche after other alone. ' Om. « that thou. ^ Om. ■• And. 5 the. « Then. ' axed. » that thou. ben. "> That. " Om. >2 eche our. » Om. '* in. '" this aduenture. THE JEASTE OF SYR GAWAYNE. 223 And' after that tyme they neuer mette more. Full gladde were thofe knyghtes* therfore, [fol.25b.] So 'there was^ made the ende ;— I praye god geue vs* good reste, And thofe that haue harde thys lyttell Jeste, And in hye heauen to* be dwellynge ; And that we all maye^, vpon domes-daye. Come to the blyfse that lasteth aye. Where we maye here thy'' Aungels fynge. AMEN. S3S 540 'Here endeth the Jeaste of Syr Gawayne^. ' Om. 5 for to. " thefe party es. 6 Om. 5 was there. ' the. " ve al. « Om. No. III. CJe (jlrene Unigfjt [MS. Per- T 1ST, when > Arthur he was K : cy,p.203.] J^ jj^ ^^^ ^^^ ^, j^^ leading' The broad He of Brittaine ; England & Scottland one was, & Wales stood in the same case, s The truth itt is not to layne. He driue allyans* out of this lie, Soe Arthur liued in peace a while. As man^ of mickle maine ; jf tes stronge of their degree, t» W"'' of them hyest shold bee, Therof Arthur was not faine. Hee made the Round Table for their behoue, Y* none of them shold sitt aboue. But all shold sitt as one ; is The K : himselfe, in state royaU, Dame Gueneuer, our Queene, w*** all, Seemlye of body & bone. ' wen, MS. » allyance, MS. ' men, MS. THE GRENE KNIGHT. 225 Itt fell againe the Christmase, Many came to y* Lords place^ 20 To y* worthye one ; W"* helme, & head, & brand bright, All y* tooke order of k*, None wold linger att home. There was noe Castle, nor man"* free, 25 Y* might harbour y* companye. Their puissance was soe great ; Their tentf vp they' pight. For to lodge there all y* night, Therto were sett to meate. 30 Messengers there came [&] went, W*'' much victualls, verament. Both by way & streete ; Wine & wildfowie thither was brought, W* in they spared nought, 35 For gold, & they might itt gett. Now of K : Arthur noe more I mell. But of a venterous k* I will yo" tell, Y* dwelled in the west Countrye ; S"^ Bredbeddle for sooth he hett, 40 He was a man of mickle might, & Lo : of great bewtye. He had a lady to his*" wifFe, He loued her deerlye as his lifFe, Shee was both blyth & blee ; 45 Because S'' Gawaine was stifFe in stowre, Shee loued him priuilye par amour, & shee neu him see. the, MS. ' wis, MS. 2 G 226 THE GRENE KNIGHT. Itt was Aggteb y* was her mother, Itt was witchcraft, & noe other, 50 Y* shee dealt w*'' all ; * * * ■Sf * * ****** * * * * * * ' Shee cold transpose k*f & swaine, 55 Like as in battaUe they were slaine, Wounded both lim & lighth ; Shee taught her sonne the k* alsoe, In transposed Ukenesse he shold goe. Both by fell & firythe. 60 Shee said, " thou shalt to Arthurs hall, For there great aduentures shall befall, [p. 204.] That euer saw K : or k*. ****** ****** 65 * * * * * * ^ All was for her daughters sake, Y* the witch ^ soe sadlye spake, To her sonne in law the k*. Because S Gawaine was bold & hardye, 70 & therto fuU of curtesye. To bring him into her sight. The knight said, " soe mote I thee. To Arthurs court will I mee hye. For to praise thee right ; 75 & to proue Gawaines points 3. & y* be true y* men tell me. By Mary, most of might !" ' Three lines are here wanting. ' Three lines again are missing, ' they w*, MS. THE GRENE KNIGHT. 227 Earlye soone as itt was day. The k* dressed him full gay, so Vmstrode a full good steede ; Helme & hawberke both he hent, A long fauchion, verament. To fend them in his neede. Y* was a jolly sight to scene, ss When horsse & armour was all greene, & weapon y* hee bare ; When y* burne was hamisht still. His countenance he became right well, I dare itt safelye sweare. 90 Y* time at Carleile lay our K : Att a castle of Flatting was his dwelhng. In the Forrest of Delamore ; For sooth he rode, the sooth to say. To Carleile he came on Christmas day, 95 Into y* fayre countrye. When he into y* place came. The porter thought him a maruelous groome. He saith, "S"^, wither wold yee?" Hee said, " I am a venterous k*, loo & of yo' K: wold haue sight & other Lo^ : y* heere bee." Noe word to him the porter spake. But left him standing att the gate, & went forth, as I weene ; los & kneeled downe before the K : Saith, " in lifes dayes, old or younge. Such a sight I haue not scene. 2 G 2 228 THE GRENE KNIGHT. For yonder att yo'" gates right. He saith hee is a venterous k*, no AH his vesture is greene ;" Then spake the K : proudest in pall^, Saith, " bring him into the hall. Let vs see what hee doth meane." When the Greene K* came before the K : 115 He stood in his stirrops strechinge, & spoke w**" voice cleere ; &- saith, " K : Arthur, god saue thee. As thou sittest in thy prosperitye, & maintaine thine honor. 120 Why thou wold me nothing but right, I am come hither, a venterous [knight], & kayred thorrow countryes farr ; To proue poynts in thy pallace, Y* longeth to manhood in eu ye case, 12s Among thy Lo* : deere." The K : he sate^ full still. Till he had said all his wiU, Certein thus can he say ; " As I am true k* and K : 130 Thou shalt haue thy askinge, I will not say thee^ nay. Whether thou wilt on foote fighting. Or on steed-backe iusting. For loue of ladyes gay ; 135 If & thine armor be not fine, I will giue thee pt of mine," — " Godamercy Lo :" can he say. ' all, MS. 2 sayd, MS. s thy, MS. THE GRENE KNIGHT. 229 " Here I make a challenging, Among the Lords, both old & younge, wo Y* worthy beene in weede ; Well of them wiU take in hand, Hee y* is both stifFe & stronge, & full good att need. [p. 205.] I shall lay my-head downe, 145 Strike itt of, if he can, W*'' a stroke to garr itt bleed ; For this day 12 monthe another at his, Let me see who will answer this, A knight y* is doughtye of deed. 150 For this day 12 monthe, the sooth to say. Let him come to me, & feicth' his praye, Rudlye, or eu' hee blin ; Whither he come I shall him tell. The readie way to the Greene ChappeU, 155 Y* place I wiU be in." The K : att ease sate full still, & aU his Lords said but Utle, Till he had said all his will ; Vpp stood S"" Kay, y* crabbed k', leo Spake mightye words y* were of height, Y* were both loud & shrill. " I shall strike his necke in tooe, The head away the body froe," They® bade him all be still ; les Saith Kay, " of thy dints make noe rouse. Thou wottest fiill htle what thou does, Noe good but mickle ill." ' fetch? " The, MS. 230 THE GRENE KNIGHT. Eche man wold this deed haue done, Vp start S' Gawaine soone, i?o Vpon his knees can kneele ; He said, " y* were great villanye, W*'' out yo'' put this deede to me, My Leege, as I haue sayd. Remember I am yo"' sisters sonne," i75 The K : said, " I grant thy boone. But mirth is best att meele ; Cheere thy guest, & giue him wine, & after dinner to itt fine, & sett the buffett well." iso Now the Grene K* is set att meate, Seemlye' serued in his seate. Beside the Round Table ; To talke of his welfare nothing he needs. Like a k* himselfe he feeds, iss W^ long time reasnable. When the dinner itt was done. The K : said to S' Gawaine soone, W*^ outen any fable ; He said, " an^ yo" will doe this deede, 190 I pray Jesus be yo"" speede. This k* is nothing vnstable," The Greene K* his head downe layd, S' Gawaine to the axe he braid. To strike w*"* eger will ; 195 He stroke the necke-bone in twaine. The blood burst out in eu'ye vaine. The head from the body fell. ' Seenlye, MS. "- on, MS. THE GRENE KNIGHT. 231 The Greene K* his head vp hentj Into his saddle wightilye he sprent, 200 Spake words both loud & shrill ; Saith, " Gawaine, thinke on thy couenant, This day 12 monthes see thou ne want. To come to the Greene ChappeH." AU had great maruell y* they' see, 205 Y* he spake soe merrilye, & bare his head in his hand ; Forth att the haU dore he rode right, & y* saw both K : and knight. And Lords that were in land. 210 W**' out the hall dore, the sooth to saine, Hee sett his head vp on againe, Sales, " Arthur, haue heere my hand ; When soeu' the k* cometh to mee, A better bufFett sickerlye, 215 I dare him well warrand." The Greene K* away went, [p. 206.] All this was done by enchantment, Y* the old witch had wrought ; Sore sicke fell Arthur the K : 220 & for him made great mourning. That into such bale was brought. The Q : shee weeped for his sake. Sorry was S'' Lancelott du Lake, & other were dreery in thought ; 225 Because he was brought in great pil. His mightye manhood will not availe, Y* before hath freshlye fought. > the, MS^. 232 THE GRENE KNIGHT. S'' Gawaine comfort K : and Gl : & all the doughtye there be-deene, 230 He bade they' shold be still ; Said^ " of my deede I was neu feard^ Nor yett I am nothing adread^ I swere, by S* Michaell ! For when draweth toward my day, 235 I will dresse me in mine array. My promise to fuUfill ; S'" he saith, " as I haue blis, I wott not where the Greene Chappell is, Therefore seeke itt I will." 240 The royaU Coiut^, verament. All rought S"^ Gawaines intent. They thought itt was the best ; They went forth into the feild, K*f y* ware both speare and sheeld, 245 They priked^ forth fiill prest. Some chuse them to justinge. Some to dance, karoU*, & singe. Of mirth they^ wold not rest ; All they swore together in fere, 250 Y* and S"^ Gawaine ou -come were, They^ wold bren all the west. Now leaue wee the K : in his paUace, The Greene K* come home is. To his owne Castle ; 255 His folke frend, when he came home. What doughtye deeds he had done. Nothing he wold them tell. ' the, MS. » Couett, MS. ^ The priced, MS. ■* keuell, MS. ^^ the, MS. " the, MS. THE GRENE KNIGHT. 233 Full well he wist in certaine, Y* his wiffe loued S"^ Gawaine, 2«o Y* comelye was vnder kell ; Listen Lo^ & yee will sitt, & yee shall heere the second Fitt, What aduentures S"^ Gawaine befell. 2d. PARTE. The day is come y* Gawaine must gone, 265 Ktes & Ladyes waxed wann, Y* were w*** out in y* place ; The K : himselfe siked iU, The Q : a swounding almost fell. To y* jarney when he shold passe. 270 When he was in armour bright. He was one of the goodlyest k**^ Y* eu^ in Brittaine was borne ; They brought S"" Gawaine a steed. Was dapple gray, & good att need, 275 I teU, w*^' outen scorne. His bridle was w* stones sett, W* gold & pearle ou' frett, & stones of great vertue ; He was of a fiirley kind, 280 His stirroppe were of silke of Ynd, I tell yo" this tale for true. 234 THE GRENE KNIGHT. When he rode ou' the mold. His geere glistered as gold. By the way as he rode ; 285 Many furleys he there did see, Fowles by the water did flee. By brimes & bankes soe broad. Many furleys there saw he. Of wolues & wild beasts sikerlye, 290 On hunting hee tooke most heede ; Forth he rode, the sooth to tell, For to seeke the Greene ChappeU, He wist not where indeed. [p. 207.] As he rode in an euehing late, 295 Riding downe a greene gate, A faire CasteU saw hee ; Y* seemed a place of mickle pride. Thitherward S"" Gawaine can ryde, To gett some harborrowe.- 300 Thither he came in the twyUghtj He was ware of a gentle k*, ■ The Lo : of the place was hee ; Meekly to him S"" Gawaine can speake, & asked him for K : Arthurs sake,' 305 Of harborrowe I pray thee. " I am a far labored knight^ I pray yo" lodge me all this 'night," He sayd him not nay ; Hee tooke him by the arme, & led him to the hall, aio A poore chUd can hee call, . . Saith, " dight well his palfrey." THE GRENE KNIGHT. 235 Into a chamber they ^ went,^ a fnU great speed, There theyi found all thingt readye att need, I dare safelye swere ; 315 Fier in chambers burnmg bright. Candles in chandlers burning Ught, To supp they ' went full yare. He sent after his Ladye bright. To come to supp w**' y« gentle k*, 320 & shee came blythe w** all ; Forth she came then anon. Her maidf following her eche one. In robes of rich pall. As shee sate att her supp, . 325 Eu more the Ladye clere, S' Gawaine shee looked vpon ; When the supp it was done, Shee tooke her maids [euery one,] And to her chamber will gone. 330 He cheered the k* & gaue him wine, & said, " welcome, by St. Martine ! I pray yo" take itt for none ill ; One thing, S', I wold yo" pray. What yo" make soe farr this way, 336 The truth yo" wold me tell. I am a k*, & soe are yee, Yo' concell an yo" will teU mee. Forsooth keepe itt I wiU ; For if itt be poynt of any dread, 340 pchance I may helpe att need, Either lowd or still." 1 the, MS. 2 H 2 236 THE GRENE KNIGHT. For his words y* were soe smooth. Had S"' Gawaine wist the soothe. All he wold not haue told ; 34s For y* was the Greene K*, Y* hee was lodged w*'' that night. And harbarrowe in his hold. He saith, " as to the Greene Chappell, Thitherward I can yo" tell, 350 Itt is but furlongf 3. The M' of it is a venterous k*, & workes by witchcraft day & night, W**" many a great furley. If he worke w*"" neu soe much frauce, 355 He is curteous as he sees cause, I tell yo'* sikerlye ; Yo" shall abyde & take yo' rest, & I will into yonder forrest, Vnder the greenwood tree." 360 They plight their truthes to be leele^. Either w*'' other for to deale, Whether it were siluer or gold ; He said, "we 2. both wilbe, Whatsoeu' God send yo" & mee, 365 To be pted on the mold." The Greene K' went on hunting, S"^ Gawaine in the Castle beinge. Lay sleeping in his bed ; [p. 208.] Vp rose the old Witche w^'^ hast thowe^, 370 & to her dauhter can shee goe, & said, " bee not a-dread." ' beleeue, MS. ^ throwe, MS. THE GRENE KNIGHT. 237 To her daughter can shee say, " The man y* thou hast wisht many a day, Of him thou maist be sped ; 375 For S"^ Gawaine, y* curteous k*. Is lodged in this hall all night," — Shee brought her to his bedd, Shee saith, " gentle k*, awake, & for this faire ladies sake, sso Y* hath loued thee soe deere ; Take her body in thine armes, There is noe man shall doe thee harm," Now beene they both heere. The Ladye kissed him times 3. 385 Saith, " w*^ out I haue the loue of thee, My hfe standeth in dere ;" S"" Gawaine blushed on the lady bright, Saith, " yo' husband is a gentle k*. By him y* bought mee deare ! 390 To me itt were great shame. If I schold doe him any grame, Y* hath beene kind to mee ; For I haue such a deede to doe, Y* I can neyther rest nor roe, 395 Att an end till itt bee." Then spake y* ladye gay, Saith, " tell me some of your joxirney, Yo"^ succour I may bee ; If itt be poynt of any warr, 400 There shall noe man doe yo™ noe darr, & yee wilbe gou ned by mee. 238 THE GRENE KNIGHT. For heere I haue a lace of silke. It is as white as any milke, & of a great value ;" 405 Shee saith, " I dare safelye sweare. There shall noe man doe yo" deere. When yo^ haue it vpon yo"." S"^ Gawaine spake mildlye in the place. He thanked the lady, & tooke the lace ; 410 & promised her to come againe ; The k* in the forrest slew many a hind. Other venison he cold none find. But wild bores on the plaine. Plentye of does & wild swine^ 415 Foxes, & other ravine. As I hard true men tell ; S'' Gawaine swore sickerlye^ ' " Home to yo"^ owne welcome yo" bee, By him y* harrowes hell !" 420 The Greene K* his venison do\nie layd. Then to S"^ Gawaine thus he said, " Tell me anon in hight^ ; What noueltyes y* yo" haue won, For beers plenty of venison", — 425 S"" Gawaine said full right. S"^ Gawaine sware by St. Leonard, " Such as God sends yo" shall haue pt," In his armes he hent the k* ; & there he kissed him times 3. 430 Saith, " heere is such as God sends mee. By Mary, most of might !" ' heght, MS. THE GRENE KNIGHT. 239 Eu priuilye he held the lace, Y' was all the viUanye y* eu' was, Prooued by S"" Gawaine the gay ; 435 Then to bed soone they' went, & sleeped there, verament. Till morrow itt was day. Then S"' Gawaine soe curteous & free. His leaue soone taketh hee, 440 At the ladye soe gaye ; [p. 209.] Hee thanked her, & tooke the lace, & rode towards the ChappeU apace, He knew noe whitt the way. Eu more in his thought he had, 445 Whether he shold worke as the ladye bade, Y' was soe curteous & sheene ; The Greene K' rode another way He transposed him in another array. Before as it was greene. 450 As S' Gawaine rode ou the plaine. He hard one high vpon a.mountaine, A home blowne full lowde ; * * * -x- * * ****** 455 * * * * * * ^ He looked after the Greene ChappeU, He saw itt stand vnder a hiU, Couered -w^^ euyes about ; He looked after the Greene K*, 46o He hard him whett^ a fauohion bright, Y* the hills rang about. ' the, MS. ^ Three lines here are wanting. s wehett, MS. 240 THE GRENE KNIGHT. The k* spake w* strong cheere. Said, " yee be welcome, S ['] Gawaine heere. It behooueth thee to lowte ;" 465 He stroke, & htle perced the skin, Vnneth the flesh w*'' in. Then S' Gawaine had noe doubt. He saith, "thou shoutest, why dost thou soe?" Then S"" Gawaine in hart waxed throe, mt Vpon his feete con stand ; & soone he drew out his sword, & saith, " traitor, if thou speake a word. Thy UfFe is in my hand. I had but one stroke att thee, 475 & thou hast had onother att mee, Noe falshood in me thou found ; 4*- * * 4e- * * * * -x- * * * * * * -X- * * ' 480 The k* said, " w*'' outen laine, I wend I had S'' Gawaine slaine. The gentlest k* in this land ; Men told me of great renowne, Of curtesie thou might haue woon the crowne, 48s Aboue both free & bound. & alsoe of great gentrye, & now 3 poynt^ be put for thee, Itt is the moe pittye ; S"^ Gawaine, thou wast not leele, 490 When thou didst the lace conceale, Y* my wifFe gaue to thee. ' Three more lines are apparently deficient here. THE GRENE KNIGHT. 241 For wee were both wist full well, For thou hadst the halfe dele, Ofmy venerye; 495 If the lace had neu beene wrought. To haue slaine thee was neu' my thought, I swere, by God verelye ! I wist it well my wiiFe loued thee. Thou wold doe me noe villanye, 500 But nicked her w*'' nay ; But wilt thou doe as I bidd thee. Take me to Arthurs court w*'' thee. Then were aU to my pay." Now are the kt«s accorded thore, sos To the Castle of Hutton can they' fare. To lodge there all y* night ; Earlye on the other day. To Arthurs court they' tooke the way, Wti" harts blyth & light. 610 All the court was fuU faine, Aliue when they saw S'' Gawaine, They thanked God abone ; Y* is the matter & the case. Why k*^' of the Bathe weare the lace, 515 VntiU they haue wonen their shoen. Or else a Ladye of hye estate. From about his necke shall it take. For the doughtye deeds y* hee hath done ; It was confirmed by Arthiu- the K : 620 Thorrow S' Gawaines desiringe. The K : granted him his boone. ' the, MS. 2 I 242 THE GRENE KNIGHT. [p. 210.] Thus endeth the tale of the Greene K*, God y* is soe full of mighty To heauen their soules bring ; 525 Y* haue hard this htle storye, Y* fell sometimes in the west Countrye, In Arthurs days our king. FINIS. No. IV. CJe %mU antr <2^o\t)in» [p. 38.] T ISTEN lords, great & fmaU, X^ What adventures did befall. In England where hath beene ; Of knights that held the Round Table, ■^ch ^ere doughty & profittable, s Of kempys cruell & keene. All England, both Eaft & Weft, Lords & ladyes of the beft. They bufked & made them bowne ; & when the king fate in feate, lo Lords ferved him att his meate. Into the hall a bume there taite'. He was not hye, but he was broad, & like a Turke he was made. Both legg & thye ; is & faid, " is there any will, as a brother. To give a bufFett & take another, & iff any foe hardy bee ?" » Sic MS. 2 I 2 244 THE TURKE AND GOWIN. Then fpake S'' Kay, that crabbed k*, & faid, " man, thou feemeft not foe wight, 20 If thou be not adread ; For there beeue k*^ w*^' in this hall, W'^ a buffett will garr thee faU, & grope thee to the ground. Gine thou be never foe ftalworth of hands, 25 I fhall bring thee to the ground, Y* dare I fafely fweare ;" Then fpake S"" Gawaine, that worthy knight, Saith, " cozen Kay, thou fpeakeft not right. Lewd is thy anfwere. 30 What & that man want of his witt. Then litle worfhipp were to thee pitt. If thou fhold him forefore ;" Then fpake the Turke w*'' words thraw, Saith, " come the better of yo" tow, 35 Though ye be brenne' as bore^." {Half a page is here torn away.] [p. 39.] This buffett thou haft Well quitt that it fhall be ; And yett I fhall make thee as feard. As ever was man in middlearth, 40 This court againe ere thou fee." ' breme ? ^ bord, MS. THE TURKE AND GOWIN. 245 Then faid Gawaine, " my truth I plight, I dare goe w''' thee full right, & never from thee flye ; I will never flee from noe adventure, 45 Jufting, nor noe other tumament, Whileft I may live on lee." The Turke tooke leave of king w*^ crowne, S'' Gawaine made him ready bowne. His armor, & his fteed; so They rode northward 2 dayes and more ; By then S' Gawaine hungred fore. Of meate & drinke he had great need. The Turke wift Gawaine had need of meate, & fpake to him w*'' words great, 55 Lawtinge ' uppon hee ; Says, " Gawaine, where is all thy plenty ? Yefterday thou waft ferved w*'" dainty, & noe^ y* thou wold give me. But w*'^ bufFett thou did me fore. 60 Therfore thou fhalt have mickle care, & adventures f hall thou fee ; I wold I had K: Arthur heere, & many of thy fellowes in fere. That behaves^ to try maftery." 65 He led S"^ Gawaine to a hill foe plaine. The earth opened, & clofed againe. Then Gawaine was adread ; The merke was comen, & the light is gone. Thundering, Ughtning, fnow & raine, 70 Therof enough they had. I Lawghinge ? ^ none ? ' behoves ? 246 THE TURKE AND GOWIN. Then fpake S"^ Gawaine^ & fighed fore, " Such wether faw I never afore^ In noe ftead where I have beene ; [Half a page is here wanting. ^ [p. 40.] noe answere, 75 But only unto mee." To the Caftle they then yode, S"" Gawaine hght befide his fteed. For horfe the Turke had none ; There they found chamber, bower, & hall, so Richly rayled about w*'' pale, Seemly to looke uppon. A Bord was fpred w*''in that place. All manner of meates & drinkes there was. For groomes that might it againe ' ; 84 S"" Gawaine wold have fallen to y* fare. The Turke bad him leave, for care. Then waxt he unfaine. Gawaine faid, " man, I marveU have, Y* thou may none of thefe vitteUs^ fpare^, 90 & here is foe great plentye ; Yett have I more mervaile, by my fay. That I fee neither man nor maid*. Woman, nor child foe free ; ' gaine ? ^ vttells, MS. ' crave ? * may ? THE TURKE AND COWIN. 247 I had lever now att mine owne will, 95 Of this fayre meate to eate my fill. Then all the gold in chriftenty ;" The Turke went forth, & tarryed nought, Meate & drinke he forth brought. Was feemly for to fee. 100 He faid, " eate, Gawaine, & make thee yare. In faith or thou gett victalls more. Thou f halt both fwinke & fweat ; Eate, Gawaine, & fpare thee nought,"— S' Gawaine eate as him good thought, _ 105 & well he Uked his meate. He dranke ale, & after wine. He faith, " I will be att thy bidding baine. Without boft or threat ; But one thing I wold thee pray, 110 Give me my buffett, & let me goe my way, I wold not longer be hereatt." [Half a page wanting J\ [p. 41.] There flood a S' Gawaine left behind his fteed. He might noe other doe ; 115 The Turke faid to S' Gawaine, " He fhalbe here when thou comes againe, I plight my troth to thee." 248 THE TURKE AND GOWIN. Within an hower, as men tell me. They were failed over the fea, 120 The Tiirke faid, " Gawaine, hoe ' ! Here are we, withouten fcath. But now beginneth the great othe, When he fhall adventures doe." He lett him fee a caftle faire 125 Such a one he never faw yare, Noe where ^ in noe country ; The Turke faid to S' Gawaine, " Yonder dwells the K : of Man, A heathen foldan is hee. 130 With him he hath a hideous rout. Of giants ftrong & ftout, & uglie to'looke uppon; Whofoever had fought farr & neere. As wide as the world were, 135 Such a companye he cold find none. Many aventures thou fhalt fee there. Such as thou never faw yare. In all the world about ; Thou fhalt fee a teniffe ball, ho That never k* in Arthurs hall, Is able to give it a lout ; & other adventures there are moe. Wee fhaU be affayled ere we goe, Therof have thou noe doute. us But & yee will take to me good heed, I fhaU helpe yo" in time of need. For ought I can fee ; ' hee, MS. ^ wherin, MS. THE TURKE AND GOWIN. 249 There fhall be none fo ftrong in ftower^ But I fhall ,50 [Half a page wanting.] ""P- ^2] Gawaine & ftowre, & all his company ; & that Bifhopp, S"^ Bodwine, That will not let my goods alone, But fpiteth them every day. los He preached much of a crowne of thorne. He fhall ban the time y* he was borne, & ever I catch him may ; I anger more att the fpiritualty^. In England nor att the temporaltie, i6o They goe foe in theire array. And I purpofe, in full great ire. To brenn their clergy in a fire, & punifh them to my pay ; Sitt downe, S"^ Gawaine, at the bord," — les S"" Gawaine anfwered at that word, Saith, " nay, thatt may not be. I trow not a venturous k* fhall Sitt downe in a kings hall. Adventures or yo" fee ;" 170 The K : faid, " Gawaine, faire mot thou^ fall ! Goe feitch me forth my teniffe ball. For play will I, and fee.'' I fpiritually, MS. ^ then, MS. 2 K 250 THE TURKE AND GOWIN. They brought it out, w*''out doubt, W*'' it came a hideous rout, 175 Of gyants great & plenty ; All the giants were there then, Heire' by the halfe then S' Gawaine, I teU yo", withouten nay*. There were ix. giants bold of blood, iso & all thought Gawaine but litle good**. When they thought w^^ him to play ; All the giants thoughten then. To have ftrucke out S'' Gawaines braine. Help him God, that beft may ! iss The ball of braffe was made for the giants hand. There was noe man in all England, Were able to [Half a page wanting.^ [p. 43.] And fticked a giant in the hall. That gryfly can hee grow* ; 190 The K : fayd, " bray away this axeltree. For fuch a boy I never fee, Yett he fhalbe aflayd* better ere he goe. I told yo" foe mote I tho, W' the 3 adventure, & then no more, 195 Be for me at this tide." Then there ftood araongft them all, A chimney in the^ K* hall, W*** barres mickle of pride ; > i. e. higher ; heires, MS. ^ may, MS. » goods, MS. * grone ? s affayd ? <* they, MS. THE TURKE AND GOWIN. 251 There was laid on in that ftond', 200 Coales & wood that coft a pound, That upon it did abide. A giant bad Gawaine aflay, & faid, " Gawaine, begin the play. Thou knoweft beft how it fhold be ; 205 & afterwards when thou haft done, I trow yo" fhalbe anfwered foone. Either w*'' boy or me." A great giant, I underftand. Lift up the chimney w*'' his hand, 210 & fett it downe againe fairly. S' Gawaine was never foe adread, Sith he was man on midle-earth, & cryd on God in his thought ; Gawaine unto his boy can fay, 215 " Lift this chimney, if yo'^ may, Y* is foe worthily wrought." Gawaines boy to it did leape, & gatt itt by the bowler great, & about his head he it flang ; 220 3^ about his head he it fwang, Y* the coales & the red brands. [Half a page wanting. "{ [p.44.] « of mickle might, & ftrong were in battell. ' ftone, MS. 2 K 2 252 THE TURKE AND GOWIN. I have flaine them thorrow my mattery, 225 & now, Gawaine, I will flay theie, & then I have flaine aU the flower ; There went never none againe no tale to teU, Nor more fhalt thou, thoe thou be feU, Nor none that longeth to K: Arthur." 230 The Turke was clad inviffible gayi. No man cold fee him, withouten nay. He was cladd in fuch a weede ; He heares their talkings, leffe & more, & yet he thought they fhold find him there, 235 When they fhold do that deed. Then he led him into a fteddie^, Wher as^ was a boyling leade, & welling uppon hie ; & before it a giant did ftand, 240 W*'' an iron forke in his hand, Y* hideous was to fee. The giant y* looked foe keene, Y* before S' Gawaine had never feene, Noe where in noe country ; 245 The K: faid to his giant thoe, " Here is none but wee tow, Let fee how beft may bee." When the giant faw Gawaines boy there was. He leapt, &.threw, & cryed alas ! 250 Y* he came in that ftead ; S"" Gawines boy to him lept, & w* ftrenght up him gett, & caft him in the lead. ' in inviffible gray ? ^ stede ? ^ werhas, MS. THE TURKE AND GOWIN. 253 W"* an iron forke made of fteele, 255 He held him downe wonderous weele, Till he was fcalded to the dead ; Then S"" Gawaine unto the K: can fay^, « W*'»out thou wilt agree unto our law, Eaten is all thy bread." 260 The K : fpitt on Gawaine the k*, Wth yt the Turke hent him upright, & into the fyer him flang ; & faid to S"" Gawine, at the laft, " Noe force, M', all the periUi is paft 265 Thinke not we tarried too longe." [Half a page wanting,'] [p. 45.] He tooke forth a bafon of gold. As an Emperour was he fhold, As fell for his degree. He took a fword of mettle free, 270 Sales, " if ever I did any thing for thee. Doe for me in this ftead ; Take here this fword of fteele, That in battell will bite weele, Therwith ftrick of my head." 275 « Yt I forefend," faid S>' Gawaine, " For I wold not have thee flaine. For all the gold foe red ;" " Have done, S'' Gawaine, I have no dread, But in this bafon let me bleed, 280 Y* ftandeth here in this ftead. ' pill, MS. 254 THE TURKE AND GOWIN. And thou f halt fee a new play, Wt'i helpe of Mary, y* mild mayd, Y* faved us from all dread ;" — He drew forth the brand of fteele, ass That in batteU bite wold weele, & there ftroke of his head. And when the blood in the bafon hght. He ftood up a ftalwortht k*, Y* day, I undertake ; 290 & fong Te deum laudam's, " Worf hipp be to our lord Jefus, That faved us from all wracke ! A ! S' Gawaine, bleffed thou be. For all the fervice I have don thee ', 295 Thou haft well quitt it me ;" Then he tooke him by the hand, & many a worthy man they fand, Y* before they never^ fee. He faid, " S' Gawine, w^'^outen threat, 300 Sitt downe boldly at thy meate, & T wiU eate w*'' thee ; Ladyes all, be of good cheere, Eche ane fhall wend to his owne deer. In all haft that may be. 305 Firfb we wiU to K : Arthurs hall, & foone after yo'^ hufbands fend we fhall. In country where they beene ; \Iidlf a page wantinff.] 1 there, MS. « neve, MS. THE TURKE AND GOWIN. 255 [p. 46.] Thus we have brought 17 ladys cleere, Y* there were left in great danger, aio & we have brought them out." Then fent they for theire hufbands fwithe, & every one tooke his owne wife, & lowlye can they lowte ; And thanked the 2 k^^ & the K : sis & faid theyi wold be at theire bidding. In all England about, S"^ Gromer kneeld upon his knee, Saith, « S' K : & your^ ^vilbe, Crowne Gawaine K : of Man ;" 320 S'' Gawaine kneeled downe by, & faid, " lord, nay not I, Give it him, for he it wan. For I never purpofed to be noe K : Never in all my Uvinge, 325 Whileft I am a hving man ;" He faid, " S"^ Gromer, take it thee. For Gawaine will never K : bee. For no craft that I can." Thus endeth the tale that I of meane, sso Of Arthur & his knights keene, Y* hardy were & free ; God give them good life, far and neere, That fuch talking loves to heere. Amen, for Charity ! FrN[i]s. 335 1 the, MS. •' yo", MS. No. V. Carle off Carlile. [p. 448.] T ISTEN to me a litle ftond, _Lj Yee fhall heare of one y* was fober & found ; Hee was meeke as maid in bower, Stiffe & ftrong in every ftoure. Certes, w^i^outen fable, 5 He was one of the Round Table ; The k*^ name was S"" Gawaine, Y* much worfhipp wan in Britteiine. The He of Brittaine called is, Both England & Scottland, I wis; 10 Wales ' is an angle to y* He, Where K: Arthur foiorned awhile. W*'' him 24 k^^ told, Befids Barrons & Dukes bold ; The K: to his Bifhopp gan fay, is [p. 449.] « Wee will have a Maffe to day. Bifhop Bodwin'' fhall itt done. After to the faireft wee wiU gone ; For now its grafs time of the yeere, Barrons bold fhaU breake the deere. 20 ' Yaks, MS. « Bodwim, MS. CARLE OF CARLILE. 257 Faine therofFwas S"^ Marroche, Soe was S^ Kay the k' ftout ; Faine was S' Lancelott Du Lake^ Soe was S"^ Percivall, I undertake. Faine was S'' Ewaine, 25 & S"" Lott of Lothaine ; Soe was the K* of armes greene, & alfoe S' Gawaine the fheene. S'' Gawaine was fteward in Arthurs hall, Hee was the curteous k* amongft them all ; 30 K : Arthur, & his cozen Mordred, & other k*^ w*outen lett. S"' Lybius Disconyus was there, W* proud archers, leffe & more ; Blanch Faire, & S"" Ironfide, 35 & many k^^ y* day can ryde. & Ironfide, as I weene. Gate the knight of armour greene ; Certes, as I underftand. Of a faire lady of Blaunch-Land, 40 Hee cold more of honor in warr, Then all the k*^ y* w* Arthur weare ; Burning dragons he flew in land, & wilde beafts, as I underftand. Wilde beares he flew y* ftond, 45 A hardyer k* was never found ; He was called in his dayes. One of K: Arthurs fellowea. 2 L 258 CARLE OF CARLILE. Why was hee called Ironfyde, For ever armed wold he ryde ; so Hee wold aUwais armes beare. For gyants & hee were ever att warr. Dapple coulour was his fteede. His armour, and his other weede ; Azure of gold he bare, 55 W*'' a griiFon, leffe or more. & a difference of a molatt. He bare in his creft algate ; Wherefoever he went, eaft nor weft. He nev^ forfooke man nor beaft. 60 Beagles keenely away they" ran, The K: followed affter, w^^ many a man; The^ grayhounds out of the leefhe. They drew downe the deere of graffe^. Fine tents in the feild were fett, 65 A merry fort there were mett ; Of comely k*^ of kind, Uppon the bent there can they lend* ; & by noone of the fame day, A 100* harts on the ground they ^ lay ; 70 Then S' Gawaine & S-^ Kay, & Bifhopp Bodwin, as I heard, fay ; After a redd deere they^ rode. Into a foreft, wyde & brode. ' the, MS. « they, MS. ' grefe ? * lead. MS. ' the, MS. « the, MS. CARLE OF CARLILE. 259 A thicke mill fell them among^ 75 Y* caifed them all to goo wronge ; Great moane made then S' Kay, Y* they fhold loofe the hart y' day. Y* red hart wold not dwell, — Hearken what adventures them beiFell ; so Full fore they^ were adread. Ere they^ any lodginge had. Then fpake S' Gawaine, " This labour wee have had in vaine ; This red hart is out of fight, ss Wee meete w*'' him no more this night. I rede^ wee of our horffes do hght, & lodge wee heere all this night ; [p. 450.] Truly itt is beft, as thinketh mee. To lodge low under this tree." 90 " Nay," said Kay, " go wee hence anon. For I will lodge wherforre^ I come ; For there dare no man warne me. Of whatt eftate foever hee bee." " Yes," faid the Bifhopp, "y* wott I well, 95 Here dwelleth a Carle in a caftell ; The Carle of CarlUe is his name, I know itt well, by S* Jame ! Was there nev^ man yett foe bold, Y* durft lodge w*in his hold j 100 But & if hee ftaye w*"* his Uffe away, Hee ruleth him well, I yo» fay." 1 the, MS. * wede, MS. ' wherfoever ? 2 L 2 260 CARLE OF CARLILE. Then faid Kay, " all in fere, To goe thither is my def ire ; For & the Carle be never foe bolde, 105 I thinke to lodge w*''in his hold. For if he iangle, & make itt ftout, I fhall beate the Carle all about ; & I fhall make his bigging bare, & doe to him mickle care. no & I fhall beate [him], as I thinke. Till he both fweate & ftinke ;" Then faid the Bif hopp, " fo mote I fare, Att his bidding I wilbe yare!" Gawaine said, " lett be thy boftlye fare, 115 For thou doft ever waken care ; If thou fcape ' with thy lifFe away. Thou ruleth thee well, I dare fay." Then faid Kay, " that pleafeth mee. Thither let us ryde all three ; 120 Such as hee bakes, fuch fhaU hee brew. Such as hee fhapes, fuch fhall hee few. Such as he breweth, fuch fhall he drinke," — " Y* is contrary," faid Gawaine, " as I thinke ; But if any faire fpeeche will he^ gaine, 12s Wee fhall make him Lord w*Mn his owne. If noe faire fpeech will avayle. Then to karp on, Kay, wee will not faile ;" Then faid the Bif hopp, " y* tenteth mee. Thither lett us ryde all three." 130 ' ftape, MS. « hbn ? CARLE OF CARLILE. 261 When they came to the Carles gate, A hammer they found hanging theratt ; Gawaine hent the hammer m his hand, & curteouflye on the gates dange. Forth came the Porter, w*'* ftiU fare, 135 Saying, " who is foe bold to knocke there ?" Gawaine anfwered him curteouflye, " Man," hee faid, « that is I. Wee be 2 k*^ of Arthurs inn, & a Bifhopp, no moe to min ; no Wee have rydden all day in the forreft ftill. Till horffe & man beene like to fpill. For Arthurs fake, y* is our kinge. Wee def ire my Lo : of a nights lodginge ; & harborrow till the day at morne, in Y* wee may fcape ' away w^i^out fcorne." Then fpake the crabbed k* S'' Kay, " Porter, our errand I reede the fay ; Or elfe the caftle gate wee f hall breake, & the keyes thereof to Arthur take." 150 The Porter fayd w'** words throe, " Theres no man alive, y* dares doe foe ; If^ a 100"^ fuch as thou his death had fworne, Yett he wold ryde on hunting to-morne^." Then anfwered Gawaine, y* was curteous aye, 155 " Porter, our errand I pray thee fay ;" 'Yes," faid the Porter, " w^outen fayle, I fhall fay yo"' errand full well." ' ftape, MS. ■' Of, MS. » to-momes, MS. 262 CARLE OF GARLILE, As foone as the Porter the 031*16 fee, Hee kneeled downe upon his knee ; — leo [p. 451.] « Yonder beene 2 k*^ of Arthiirs in, & a Bifhopp, no more to myn. They have roden all day in the forreft ftill, Y* horffe [and] man is like to fpiU ; They defire yo" for Arthm-s fake, their K: les To grant them one nights lodginge ; & herberrow till the day att mome, Y* they may fcape ' away w*out fcome." " Noe thing greeves me," fayd the Carle, " w^^^out doubt. But y' the' k*^ ftand foe long w*''out ;" ijo ■^th yt ^;hg2 Porter opened the gates wyde, & the k** rode in y' tyde. Their fteeds into the ftable are tane. The k*^ into the hall are gone ; Heere the Carle fate in his chaire on hye, 175 W*** his legg caft over the other knee. His mouth was wyde, & his beard was gray. His lockes on his fhoulders lay ; Betweene his browes, certaine, Itt was large there a fpann. 180 W*** 2 great eyen brening as fyer. Lord ! hee was a lodlye fyer ; Over his fholders he bore a bread, 3 taylors yards, as clarkes doe reade. His fingars were like to tedder ftakes, iss & his hands like breads y* wives may bake; ' ftape, MS. » they,.MiS'. GARLE OF CARLILE. 263 50 cubitts he was in height, Lo: he was a lothefome wight ! When S"^ Gawaine y* Carle fee. He halfed^ him fiill curteouflye ; i90 & faith, " Carle of Carlile*, God fave thee. As thou fitteth in thy profperitye !" The Carle faid, " as cheif^ me fave, Yee fhaU be welcome for Arthurs fake ; Yet is itt not my p' to doe foe, i95 For Arthur hath beene ever my foe. He hath beaten my k*^ & done them bale, & fend them wounded to my owne hall ; Yett the truth to tell I will not leanfe", 1 have quitt him the fame againe." 200 " Y* is a kind of a knave," faid Kay, " w^i^out leasing, See to revile a noble King ;" Gawaine heard, & made anfwere, " Kay, thou fayft more then meete were." W*^ yt they went further into the hall, aoe Where bords were fpredd, & covered w* pall ; & 4 welpes of great ire. They found Ijring by the fire. There was a beare y* did rome, & a bore, y* did whett his tufks fome ; 210 Alfoe a buU, yt did rore, & a lyon, y* did both gape & rore. haltled, MS. '' CaUile, MS. ' Crift ? * leave. MS. 264 CARLE OF CARLILE. The lyon did both gape & gren, " O ! peace, whelpes," faid the Carle then ; For y* word y* the^ Carle did fpeake, 215 The 4 whelpes under the^ bord did creepe. Downe came a lady faire & free, & fett her on the Carles knee ; One whiles fhee harped, another whiles fong. Both of paramours & lovinge amonge. 220 " Well were y* man," faid Gawaine, " y* ere were borne, Y* might lye w*^ y* lady till day att morne ;" « Y* were great fhame," faid the Carle free, " Y* thou fholdeft doe me fuch viUanye." " S','' faid Gawaine, " I fayd nought," — 225 " No, man," faid the Carle, " more thou thought." Then ftart Kay to the flore, & faid hee wold fee how his palfrey fore ; Both come & hay he foimd lyand, & the Carles palfrey by his fteed did ftand. 230 Kay tooke the Carles palfrey by the necke, & foone he thruft him out att the hecke ; Thus Kay put the Carles fole out, & on his backe he fett a clout. Then the Carle himfelfe hee ftood thereby, 235 And fayd, " this bufFett, man, thou fhalt aby !" [p.452.] The Carle raught Kay fuch a rapp, Y* backward he fell flatt ; Had itt not beene for a feald of ftraw, Kayes backe had gone in 2. 240 ' they, MS. CARLE OF CARLILE. 265 Then faid Kay^ " & thou were w*out thy hold, Man, this buffett fhold be deere fold." " What !" fayd the Carle, " doft thou menace me ? I fwere by all foules, fikerlye, Man, I fwere further thore, 245 If I heere any maUce more. For this one word y* thou haft fpoken, Itt is but emeft thou haft gotten." Then went Kay into the hall, & the Bifhopp to him can call ; 250 Saith, " Brother Kay, where have jo"^^ beene ?" — " To looke my palfrey, as I weene." Then faid the Bifhopp, " itt falleth me, Y* my palfrey I muft fee ;" Both corne & hay he found lyand, 25s & the Carles palfrey, as 1 underftand. The Bifhopp tooke the Carles horffe by the necke, & foone hee thruft him out att the hecke ; Thus he turned the Carles fole out, & on his backe he fett a clout. 260 Sais, " wend forth, fole, in the deviUs way ! Who made the foe bold w* my palfrey ?" The Carle himfeHe he ftood thereby, — " Man, this buffett thou fhalt abuy^ !" He hitt the Bifhopp upon the crowne, 265 Y* his miter & he fell downe ; " Mercy," faid the Bifhopp, " I am a clarke, Somewhatt I can of Chrifts werke." ' yo» have, MS. ^ abay, MS. 2 M 266 CARLE OF CARLILE. He faith, " by the clergye I fett nothing, Nor yett by thy miter, nor by thy ringe ; 270 It fitteth a clarke to be curteous & free. By the conning of his clergy." W*^ y* the Bifhopp went into the hall, & S' Gawaine to him can call ; Saith, " brother Bifhopp, where have yo" beene ?" — 275 " To looke my palfrey, as I weene." Then fayd S'' Gawaine, " it faUeth mee, Y* my palfreye I muft needs fee ;" Come & hay he found enoughe lyand, & the Carles fole by his did ftand. 280 The Carles fole had beene forth in the raine, Therof S"^ Gawaine was not faine ; Hee tooke his mantle, y* was of greene, & covered the fole, as I weene. Sayth, " ftand up, fole, & eate thy meate, 2S5 Thy M' payeth for all y* wee heere gett ;" The^ Carle himfelfe ftood thereby, & thanked him of his curtefye. The' Carle tooke Gawaine by the hand, & both together in the' hall they wend; 290 The Carle^ called for a bowle of wine, & foone they fettled them to dine. 70 bowles^ in y* bowle were He was not weake y* did itt beare. Then the' Carle fett itt to his chin, 295 & faid, " to yo" I will begin." 1 they, MS. = Carles, MS. ' gallons ? CARLE OF CARLILE. 267 15 gallons he dranke y* tyde, & raught to his men on every fide. Then the ' Carle faid to them anon, " Sirrs, to fupp gett yo^^ gone ;" soo Gawaine anfwered the Carle then, " S"^, att yo' bidding wee will be ben." " If yo" be bayne att my bidding, Yo^ honor me, w^i^out leafinge ;" — They wafhed all, & went to meate, 305 & dranke the wine y* was foe fweete. The Carle faid to Gawaine anon, " A long fpeare fee thou take in thy hand ; Att the buttrye dore* take thou thy race, & marke me well in middeft the face." 310 A ! thought S"" Kay, y* y* were I, Then his buffett he fhold deer abuy^ ! " Well," q*"^ the Carle, " when thou wilt, thou may. When thou wilt thy ftrenght affay." « Well SV' faid Kay, « I faid nought,"— 315 [p. 453.] « Noe," faid the Carle, "but more thou thought." Then Gawaine was full glad of y*, & a long fpere in his hand he gatt ; Att the buttery dore he tooke his race, & marked the Carle in the middft the face. 320 The Carle faw S' Gawaine come in ire, & caft his head under his fpeare ; Gawaine raught the wall fuch a rapp. The fyer flew out, & the fpeare brake. I they. MS. » doe. MS. ' a buy, MS. 2 M 2 268 CARLE OF CARLILE. He ftroke a foote into the wall of ftone, 325 A bolder Barron was there never none ; « Soft," faid the Carle, « thou was to radd,"— " I did but, S'', as yo" me bade." " If thou had hitt me, as thou had ment. Thou had raught me a fell dint." 330 The^ Carle tooke Gawaine by the hand, & both into a chamber they wend ; A fuU faire bed there was fpred, The Carles wiffe therin was laid. The Carle' faid, " Gawaine, of curtefye, 335 Gett into this bedd w* this faire ladye ; Kiiie thou her 3^" before mine eye, Looke thou doe no other villanye." The Carle opened the fheetes wyde, Gawaine gott in by the ladyes fyde ; 340 Gawaine over he put his arme, ■^th yt iiig flefii began to warme. Gawaine had thought to have made in fare, " Hold !" q«i the Carle, " man, ftopp there^ ; Itt were greet fhame," q*'' the* Carle, " for me, 345 Y* thou fholdeft doe me fuch villanye. But axife up, Gawaine, & goe w*'' me, I fhall bring thee to a fairer lady then ev' was fhee ;" The* Carle tooke Gawaine by the hand. Both into another chamber they wend, 350 1 they, MS. ^ Carles, MS. ^ thee, MS. * they, MS. CARLE OF CARLILE. 269 A faire bedd there found they fpred, & the Carles daughter therin laid ; Saithj " Gawaine, now, for thy curtefye, Gett thee to bedd to this faire lady." The Carle opened the fheetes wyde, sss S"" Gawaine gott in by the ladyes fide ; Gawaine put his arme over y' fweet thing, " Sleepe, daughter," fais the Carle, " on my bleffing !" The ' Carle turned his backe, & went his way, & lockt the dore w*'' a fdver kaye ; 360 On the other morning, when the Carle^ rofe. Unto his daughters chamber he goes. " Rise up, S"^ Gawaine, & goe w^^ mee, A marvelous fight I fhaU lett thee fee ;" The' Carle tooke him by the hand, 365 & both into another chamber they wend. & there they found many a bloody ferke, W"** were wrought w*'' curyous werke ; 1500 dead mens bones^ They found upon a rooke att once. 370 " Alacke !" q*'' S' Gawaine, " what have bene here ?" Saith, " I & my welpes have flaine all there." Then S"^ Gawaine, curteous & kind, He tooke his leave away to wend ; & thanked the' Carle, & the ladyes there, 375 Right as they worthy were ; " Nay," faid the Carle, " wee wiU firft dine, & then thou fhalt goe w*^'' bleffing mine." > they, MS. '•' Carles, MS. ' a bones, MS. 270 CARLE OF CARLILE. After dinner, the footh to fay. The Carle tooke Gawaine to. a chamber gay ; sso Where were hanginge fwords a-rowe'. The Carle soone tooke one of tho, & fayd to the k* then, " Gawaine, as thou art a man, Take this fword, & ftryke of my head," ass " Nay," faid Gawaine, " I had rather be dead. For I had rather fuffer pine & woe. Or eV* I wold y* deede doe." The Carle fayd to S' Gawaine, " Looke thou doe as I thee faine ; 390 & therof be not adread. But fhortly fmite of my head. For if thou wilt not doe itt tyte, Forfooth thy head I will of fmyte ;" [p. 454.] To the Carle faid S' Gawaine, 395 • Sir, yo' bidding fhaU be done." «< He ftroke the head the body froe, & he ftood up a man thoe ; Of the height of S"^ Gawaine, The certaine foothe, w*''outen laine. 400 The Carle fayd, " Gawaine, God blefs thee ! For thou haft deUv ed mee ; From all falfe* witchcraffl; I am dehv att the laft. By nigromance thus was I f hapen, 405 TUl a k* of the Round Table, ' swords rowe, MS. ' halfe, MS. CARLE OF CARLILE. 271 Had w*>' a fword fmitten of my head. If he had grace to doe y* deede. Itt is 40 winters agoe. Since I was tranfformed foe ; 410 Since then none lodged w*''in this woom', But I & my whelpes driven them downe, & but if hee did my bidding fooncj I killed him, & drew him downe. Every one but only thee, 415 Chrift^ grant thee of his mercye ! He y* the world made, reward thee this. For all my bale thou haft turned to bliffe. Now will I leave y* lawe. There fhall no man for me be flawe ; iw & I purpofe for their fake, A chantrey in this place to make ; & 5 preifts to fing for aye, UntiU itt be doomes-day ; & Gawaine, for the love of thee, 425 Every one fhall bee welcome to mee." S"" Gawaine & the young lady clere. The Bifhopp wedded them in fere ; The Carle gave him for his wedding, A ftaffe, miter, & a ringe. 430 He gave S' Kay, y* angry k*, A blood-red fteede & a wight ; He gave his daughter, the footh to fay, An ambUng white palfrey. 2 Thrift, MS. 272 CARLE OF CARLILE. The faireft hee was on the mold, 435 Her palfrey was charged w* gold ; Shee was foe gorgeous, & foe gay. No man cold tell her array. The Carle comanded S"" Gawaine to wend, & fay unto Arthur our King, 440 & pray him y* hee wold. For his love y* Judas fold, & for his fake y* in Bethelem was borne. If hee wold dine w*"* him to-morne. S' Gawaine fayd the Carle unto, 445 " Forffooth I fhall yo-^ meffage doe ;" Then they rode finging by the way, W**" the ladye, y* was gay. They were as glad of y* lady bright. As ever was fowle of the day-lyght ; 450 They told K : Arthur where they had beene, & what adventures they had feene. « I thanke God," fayd the K: " cozen Kay, Y* thou didft on live p' away ;" " Marry !" fayd S"^ Kay againe, 455 " Of my lifFe^ I may be faine. For his love y* was in Bethlem borne, Yo" muft dine w*** the Carle to-morne." In the dawning of the day they* rode, A merryer meeting was nev made ; 46o When they together were mett, Itt was a good thing, I yo" hett. ' lifte, MS. 3 the, MS. CARLE OF CARLILE. 273 The trumpetts plaid att the gate, W* trumpetts of filver theratt^ ; There [was] all manner of minftrelfye, 465 Harpe, gyttorne^, & fawtrye. Into the haU the king was fett^, & royaUye in feat was fett ; By then the dinner was readye dight, Tables were covered aU on height. 470 Then to wafh they wold not bhun^ & the feaft they can beginn ; There they were mached arright. Every lady againft a knight. [p. 455.] & minftrells fate in windowes faire, 475 & playd on their inftruments cleere ; MinflreUs for worf hipp at every meffe. Full lowd they cry Largeffe* ! The Carle bade the K: doe gladlye, " For heere yee gett great curtefye ;" 480 The K: faid, "by S* MichaeU ! This dinner hketh me full well." He dubd the Carle a k' anon. He gave him the county of Carlile foone ; & made him erle of all y* land, 485 & after k* of the Table Round. The K: faid, « k*, I tell thee, CarUle fhall thy name bee." 1 therott, MS. ^ gyttome, MS. ' has fell, MS. ♦ Largneffe, MS. 2n 274 CARLE OF CARLILE. When the dinner was all done. Every k* tooke his leave foone ; 490 To wend forward, foberlye. Home into their owne countrye. He y* made us all w*** his hand, Both the fea & the land. Grant us all, for his fake, 495 This falfe world to forfake ; & out of this world when wee f hall wend. To heavens bliffe our foules bringe ; God grant us grace itt may foe bee ! Amen ! say all, for charitye. 500 FINIS. No. VI. ^(Fragment of tjje Ballati of Hing ^ttjur anti tj)e lltng of ComtijalL [MS. Per- « ^^ OME here my cozen, Gawain, fo gay, ''^' ^' ■-' V ^ ^y fifters fonne be yee ; For JO" fhall fee one of the faireft Round Tables, That ever yo'^ fee w*'' yo™" eye." Then befpake [the] Lady Q. Guenever, 5 & thefe were the words faid fhee, " I know where a Round Table is, thou noble K: Is worth thy Round Table & other fuch 3. The treftle that ftands under this Round Table," fhe faid, " Lowe downe to the mould, 10 It is worth thy Round Table, tho" worthy K i Thy halls, & all thy gold. The place where this Round Table ftands in. It is worth thy caftle, thy gold, thy fee ; And all good Litle Britaine," — 15 " Where may that table be. Lady ?" q*!* hee, 2 N 2 276 FRAGMENT OF THE BALLAD OF KING " Or where may all that goodly building be ?" ' « Yo» f hall it feeke," fhee fayd, « till yo» it find. For yo" fhall never gett more of me." Then befpake him noble K: Arthur^ 20 Thefe were the words faid hee ; " He make mine avow to God, & alfoe to the Trinity, He never fleepe one night, there as I doe another. Till yt Romid Table I fee ; 25 S' Marramiles, & S' Trifteram, Fellowes y* ye fhall bee. Weele be clad in palmers weede, 5 palmers we will bee ; There is noe outlandif h man will us abide, 30 Nor will us come nye." Then they rived eaft & they^ rived west. In many a ftrange country. Then they travelled® a Utle further. They faw a battle new fett ; 35 " Now, by my faith," faies noble K: Arthur, {Half a page is here torn away.] [p. 25.] But when he came that caftle to, & to the palace gate ; Soe ready was ther a proud porter, & met him foone therat. ' the, MS. " tranckled, MS. ARTHUR AND THE KING OF CORNWALL. 277 Shooes of gold the porter had on, & all his other rayment was unto the fame ; " Now, by my faith," faies noble K: Arthur, " Yonder is a minion fwaine." Then befpake noble K. Arthur, « These were the words fays hee, " Come hither, thou proud porter, I pray thee come hither to me. I have 2 poor rings of my finger. The ' better of them lie give to thee ; so [To] tell who may be lord of this caftle," he faies, " Or who is lord in this cuntry ?" " Comewall K:" the porter fayes, " There is none foe rich as hee ; Neither in Chriftendome, nor yet in heathenneft, sb None hath foe much gold as he." & then befpake him noble K: Arthur, Thefe were the words fayes hee, " I have 2 poore rings of my finger. The better of them He give thee, 6o If thou wilt greete him well, Comewall K: & greete him well from me. Pray him for one nights lodging, & 2 meales meate. For his love that dyed uppon a tree ; A bue* ghefting, & 2 meales meate, 65 For his love that dyed uppon a tree. A bue^ ghefting, &l^ 2 meales meate. For his love that was of virgin borne, ' they, MS. « Sic, MS. ^ of, MS. 278 FRAGMENT OF THE BALLAD OF KING & in the morning y* we may fcape away. Either wt'^out fcath or fcorne." 70 Then forth is ' gone this proud porter. As faft as he cold hye ; & when he came befor Cornewall K: He kneeled downe on his knee. Sayes, " I have beene porter, man, at thy gate, 75 [Half a page is wanting. 1 p- 26.] our Lady was borne. Then thought CornewaU K: thefe palmers had beene in Britt. Then befpake him Cornewall King, Thefe were the words he faid there ; " Did yo" ever know a comely K: bo His name was King Arthur ?" & then befpake him noble K: Arthur, Thefe were the words faid hee ; " I doe not know that comly K : But once my felfe I did him fee." 86 Then befpake Cornwall K: againe, Thefe were the words faid he. Sayes, " 7 yeere I was clad & fed. In Litle Brittaine, in a bower ; ' his, MS. ARTHUR AND THE KING OF CORNWALL. 279 I had a daughter by K: Axthurs wife, 90 It now is called my flower ; For K: Arthur, that kindly cockward. Hath none fuch in his bower. For I durft fweare, and fave my othe, Y* fame lady foe bright, 95 That a man y* were laid on his death-bed. Wold open his eyes on her to have fight." " Now, by my faith," fayes noble K : Arthur, " & thats a full faire wight !" & then befpake Cornewall [King] againe, 100 & thefe were the words he faid', " Come hither, 5 or 3 of my knights, & feitch me downe my fteed ; King Arthur, that foule cockeward. Hath none fuch, if he had need. lOo For I can ryde him as far on a day. As King Arthur can doe any of his on 3. & is it not a pleafure for a K: When he fhall ryde forth on his journey ? For the eyes that beene in his head, no They* glifter as doth the gleed ;" — " Now, by my faith," fays noble King Arthur, [Half a page is wantinff.] [p. 27.] No body But one y** learned to fpeake. > faid he, MS. '' the. MS. 280 FRAGMENT OF THE BALLAD OF KING Then K: Arthxir to his bed was brought, 115 A greeived man was hee ; & foe were all his feUowes w*!" him. From him they' thought never to flee. Then take they did that lodly boomed & under thrubchandler^ clofed was hee ; 120 & he was fet by K: Arthurs bed-fide. To heere theire talke, & theire com'nye. Y* he might come forth, & make proclamation. Long before it was day ; It was more for K: CornwaUs pleafure, 125 Then it was for K: Arthurs pay. & when K: Arthur on his bed was laid, Thefe were the words faid hee ; " He make mine avow to God, & alfoe to the Trinity, 130 That He be the bane of Cornwall kinge Litle Brittaine or ever I fee !" " It is an unadvifed vow," faies Gawaine the gay, " As ever K : hard make I ; But wee y* beene 5 chriftian men, 135 Of the chriften faith are wee ; & we fhall fight againft anoynted K: & all his armorie." & then he fpake him noble Arthur, & thefe were the words faid he ; mo " Why, if thou be afraid, S"" Gawaine the gay, Goe home, & drinke wine in thine owne country." ' the, MS. 2 goome ? s thrubchadler, MS. ARTHUR AND THE KING OF CORNWALL. 281 THE 3d. PARTE. And then befpake S' Gawaine the gay^ And thefe were the words faid hee ; " Nay, feeing yo^ have made fuch a hearty vow, Heere another vow make will I. He make mine avow to God, & alfoe to the Trinity ; Y' I will have yonder faire lady. To Litle Brittaine w* mee. He hose her hourly to my hurt', & w** her He worke my will ; {Half a page is wanting.] [p. 28.] Thefe were the words fayd hee ; " Befor I wold wreftle w* yonder feend. It is better be drowned in the fea." 155 And then befpake S"" Bredbeddle, & thefe were the words faid he; " Why, I wiU wreftle w*"* yon lodly feend, God ! my governor thou fhalt bee." ' hart.^ 2 282 FRAGMENT OF THE BALLAD OF KING Then befpake him noble Arthur, i60 & thefe were the ' words faid he ; " What weapons wilt thou have, thou gentle knight, 1 pray thee tell to me ?" He fayes, " CoUen brand He have in my hand, & a Millaine knife faft be my knee ; les & a Danish axe faft in my hands, Y' a fare weapon I thinke wilbe." Then w*'' his CoUen brand, y* he had in his hand. The bunge of the trubchandler he burft in 3. W* that ftart out a lodly feend, 170 W*'^ 7 heads, & one body. The fyer towards the element flew. Out of his mouth, where was great plentie ; The knight ftoode in the middle, & fought, Y* it was great joy to fee. 175 Till his CoUaine brand brake ia his hand, & his Millaine knife burft on his knee ; & then the Danifh axe burft in his hand firft, Y* a fure^ weapon he thought fhold be. But now is the knight left wt'^out any weapone, iso & alacke ! it was the more pitty j But a furer weapon then had he one. Had never L: in Chriftentye. & all was but one litle booke. He found it by the fide of the fea. iss He found it at the fea-fide, Wrucked upp in a floode ; ' they, MS. ^ fur, MS. ARTHUR AND THE KING OF CORNWALL. 283 Our L: had written it w"» his hands, & fealed it ■w*'» his bloode. [Half a page is wanting.] [p. 29.] « That thou doe ,9o But ly ftill in that wall of ftone ; Till I have beene yv^^ noble K: Arthur, & told him what I have done." * And when he came to the K^ chamber. He cold of his curtefie ; i9s Sayes', " fleep yo", wake yo'^, noble K : Arthur ? & ever Jefus watch yee \" " Nay, I am not fleeping, I am waking," Thefe were the words faid hee ; " For thee I have card, how haft thou fared, 200 O! gentle knight, let me fee." The knight wrought the K: his booke. Bad him behold, reede, & fee ; & ever he found it on the backfide of the leafe. As noble Arthur wold wifh it to be. 205 & then befpake him K: Arthur, " Alas ! thou gentle knight, how may this be. That I might fee him in the fame lickneffe, Y* he flood unto thee ?" Saye, MS. 2 o 2 284 FRAGMENT OF THE BALLAD OF KING & then befpake him the Greene Knight, 210 Thefe were the words faid hee ; " If youle ftand ftifly in the battell ftronge, For I have won all the victory." Then befpake him the K: againe, & thefe were the M^ords faid hee ; 215 " If we ftand not ftifly in this battell ftrong. Wee are worthy to be hanged all on a tree." Then befpake him the Greene Knight, Thefe were the words faid he ; Sales, " I doe coniure thee, thou fowle feend, 220 In the fame Uckneffe thou ftood unto me." W* that ftart out a lodly feend, s W*'' 7 heads, & one body ; The fier towarde the element flaugh. Out of his mouth, where was great plenty. 22J The knight ftood in the middle [Half a page is wanting.] [p- 30.] the fpace of an houre, I know not what they did. And then befpake him the Greene Knight, & thefe were the words faid he ; Saith, " I coniure thee, thou fowle feend, Y' thou feitch downe the fteed y* we fee." 230 ARTHUR AND THE KING OF CORNWALL. 285 & then forth is gone Burlow-beanie, As faft as he cold hie ; & feitch he did that faire fteed, 235 & came againe by & by. Then befpake him S"^ Marramile, & thefe were the words faid hee ; " Riding of this fteed, brother Bredbeddle, The maftery belongs to me." 240 Marramiles tooke the fteed to his hand, To ryd him he was full bold ; He cold noe more make him goe, Then a child of 3 yeere old. He faid' uppon him w* heele & hand, 245 W*'' yard that was foe fell ; " Helpe ! brother Bredbeddle," fays Marramile, « For I thinke he be the devill of hell." " Helpe ! brother Bredbeddle," fays Marramile, " Helpe ! for Chrifts pittye ; 250 For w^'^out thy help, brother Bredbeddle, He will never be rydden for^ me." Then befpake him S' Bredbeddle, Thefe were the words faid he ; " I coniure thee, thou Burlow-beane^, 255 Thou tell me how this fteed was riddin in his country." He faith, " there is a gold wand. Stands in K: Cornwalls ftudy windowe. ' fayed, i. e. efsayed ? ' p', ». e. pro or per, MS. ^ leane, MS. 286 FRAGMENT OF THE BALLAD OF KING Let him take that wand in y* window, & ftrike 3 ftrokes on that fteed ; aeo & then he will fpring forth of his hand, As fparke doth out of gleede." Then befpake him the Greene Knight, [Half a page is wanting,] [p- 31.] A lowd blaft & then befpake S"^ Bredbeddle, 265 To the feend thefe words faid hee ; Says, " I coniure thee, thou Burlow-beanie, The powder-box thou feitch me." Then forth is gone Burlow-beanie, As faft as he cold hie ; 270 & feich he did the powder-box, & came againe by & by. Then S'' Trifteram tooke powder forth of y' box, & blent it with warme fweet milke ; & there put it unto the home, 275 & fwilled it about in that ilke. Then he tooke the home in his hand, & a lowd blaft he blew ; He rent the home up to the midft. All his fellowes this they^ knew. 280 ' the, MS. ARTHUR AND THE KING OF CORNWALL. 287 Then befpake him the Greene Knight, Thefe were the words faid he ; Saies, " I coniure thee, thou Burlow-beanie, Y* thou feitch me the fword that I fee." Then forth is gone Burlow-beanie, ^ss As faft as he cold hie ; & feitch he did that faire fword, & came againe by & by. Then befpake him S' Bredbeddle, To the K : thefe words faid he ; 290 " Take this fword in thy hand, thou noble K : For the vowes fake y* thou made lie give it thee ; And goe ftrike off K: Cornewalls head, In bed where ' he doth lye." Then forth is gone noble K: Arthur, 295 As faft as he cold hye ; & ftrucken he hath K: Comwalls head, & came againe by & by. He put the head upon a fwords point. [The poem terminates here abruptly.} were, MS. No. VII. jFrasmmt of tje iWatriage of g)ir (j^atuaine* [MS. Per- -|^ INGE Arthur liues in merry Carleile, cy> P- -J 1^ ^jj^ feemely is to fee ; And there he hath w*'' him Queene Genev"", Y* hride fo hright of blee. And there he hath w*'' him Queene Genever, 5 Y' bride foe bright in bower ; & all his barons about him ftoode, Y* were both ftifFe & ftowre. The K. kept a royall Chriftmaffe, Of mirth & great honor ; lo . . . when [About nine stanzas wanting.] [p 47.] "And bring me word what thing it is, Y' women ^ moft defire; This fhalbe thy ranfome, Arthur/' he fayes, " For lie haue noe other hier." ' Y' a woman, MS. FRAGMENT OF THE MARRIAGE OF SIR GAWAINE. 289 K. Arthur then held vp his hands. According thene as was the law ; He tooke his leaue of baron there. And homword can he draw. And when he came to merry Carlile, 20 To his chamber he is gone ; And ther came to him his cozen, S' Gawaine, As he did make his mone. And there came to him his cozen S' Gawaine ', Y* was a curteous knight ; 26 " Why figh yo" foe fore, vnckle Arthur ?" he faid, " Or who hath done thee vnright ?" " O peace ! peace ! thou gentle Gawaine, Y* faire may thee be-fall ; For if thou knew my fighing foe deepe, > 30 Thou wold not meruaile att all. For when I came to Tearne-wadling, A bold barron there I fand ; ^th a great club vpon his backe. Standing ftiffe & ftrong. 35 And he afked me wether I wold fight. Or from him I fhold be gone ; Or^ elfe I muft him a ranfome pay, & foe dept him from. To fight w*'' him I faw noe caufe, *o Me thought it was not meet ; For he was ftiffe & ftrong w*'^ all. His ftrokes were nothing fweete. 1 Cawaine, MS. * 0, MS. 2 p 290 FRAGMENT OF THE MARRIAGE OF SIR GAWAINE. Therfor this is my ranfome, Gawaine, I ought to him to pay ; I muft come againe, as I am fwome, Vpon the Newyeers day. And I muft bring him word what thing it is [About nine stanzas wanting.] [p. 48.] Then King Arthur dreft him for to ryde. In one foe riche array ; 50 Toward the forefaid Tearne-wadling, Y* he might keepe his day. And as he rode over a more, Hee fee a lady, where fhee fate ; Betwixt an oke and a greene hollen, 55 She was cladd in red fcarlett. Then there as fhold have ftood her mouth, Then there was fett her eye ; The other was in her forhead faft. The way that fhe might fee. so Her nofe was crooked, and turnd outward. Her mouth flood foule a-wry ; A worfe formed lady then fhee was, Neuer man faw w*** his eye. To halch vpon him, K. Arthur, 65 This lady was fuU faine ; But K. Arthur had forgott his leffon, What he fhold fay againe. FRAGMENT OF THE MARRIAGE OF SIR GAWAINE. 291 " What knight art thou ?" the lady fayd, " That wilt not fpeake to me ? jo Of me [be] thou nothing difmayd, Tho I be vgly to fee. For I haue halched yo" curteouflye, & yo'^ will not me againe ; Yett I may happen, S"" Knight," fhee faid, is " To eafe thee of thy paine." " Giue thou eafe me, lady," he faid, " Or helpe me any thing. Thou fhalt haue gentle Gawaine, my cozen, & marry him w*** a ring." so " Why if I helpe thee not, thou noble K. Arthur, Of thy owne hearts defiringe. Of gentle Gawaine [About nine stanzas wanting.] [p. 49.] And when he came to the Tearne-wadling, The baron there cold he finde ' ; ss W* a great weapon on his backe. Standing ftiffe & ftronge. And then he tooke K. Arthurs letters in his hands, & away he cold them fling ; & then he puld out a good browne fword, 90 & cryd himfelfe a K. 1 friude. MS. 2 p 2 292 FRAGMENT OF THE MARRIAGE OF SIR GAWAINE. And he fayd, " I haue thee, & thy land, Arthur, To doe as it pleafeth me ; For this is not thy ranfome fure, Therfore yeeld thee to me." 95 And then befpoke him noble Arthur, & bad him hold his hands ; " & give me leave to fpeake my mind. In defence of all my land." He ' faid, " as I came over a more, 100 I fee a lady where f hee fate ; Betweene an oke & a green hollen. She was clad in red fcarlette. And fhe fays a woman will haue her will, & this is all her cheef defire ; los Doe me right, as thou art a baron of fckill. This is thy ranfome, & all thy hyer." He fayes, " an early vengeance light on her ! She walkes on yonder more ; It was my filter, that told thee this, 110 She is a miffhappen hore. But beer He make mine avow to god. To do her an euiU tume ; For an euer I may thate fowle theefe get, In a fyer I will her burne." Jjs [About nine stanzas wanting.\ > The, MS. FRAGMENT OF THE MARRIAGE OF SIR GAWAINE. 293 THE 2d. PART. [p. 50.] Sir Lancelott, & S'' Steven, bold, They rode w*'* them that day ; And the formoft of the company. There rode the fteward Kay. Soe did S-^ Banier, & S-^ Bore, 120 S"" Garrett -w*^ them, foe gay ; Soe did S"^ Trifteram, y* gentle k*. To the forreft, frefh & gay. And when he came to the greene forreft, Vnderneath a greene holly tree ; 125 Their fate that lady in red fcarlet, Y* vnseemly was to fee. S' Kay beheld this ladys face, & looked vppon her fuire ; — " Whofoeuer kiifes this lady," he fayes, lao « Of his kiffe he ftands in feare !" S"" Kay beheld the lady againe, & looked vpon her fnout ; " Whofoeuer kiffes this lady," he faies, « Of his kiffe he ftands in doubt !" iss " Peace, coz. Kay," then faid S' Gawaine, " Amend thee of thy life ; For there is a knight amongft us all, Y* muft marry her to his wife." 294 FRAGMENT OF THE MARRIAGE OF SIR GAWAINE. « What ! wedd her to wiffe/' then fi S' Kay, i4fl " In the diuells name anon ; Gett me a wifFe where ere I may. For I had rather be flaine !" Then fome' tooke vp their hawkes in haft, & fome tooke vp their hounds ; us & fome fware they wold not marry her. For citty nor for towne. And then be-fpake him noble K. Arthur, & fware there, "by this day. For a litle foule fight & mifliking, iso [About nine stanzas wanting.] [p. 51.] Then fhee faid, " choofe thee, gentle Gawaine, Truth as I doe fay; Wether thou wilt haue me in this hkneffe. In the night, or elfe in the day." And then befpake him gentle Gawaine, 155 W*** one foe mild of moode ; Sayes, " well I know what I wold fay, God grant it may be good ! To haue thee fowle in the night. When I w*** thee fhold play ; 160 Yet I had rather if I might, Haue thee fowle in the day." ' foome, MS. FRAGMENT OF THE MARRIAGE OF SIR GAWAINE. 295 " What, when Lords goe w*!* ther feires '," f hee faid, " Both to the ale & wine ; Alas ! then I muft hyde my felfe, les I muft not goe withinne." And then befpake him gentle Gawaine, Saidj " lady, thats but a fkill ; And becaufe thou art my owne lady, Thou fhalt haue all thy will." 170 Then fhee faid, " bleffed^ be thou, gentle Gawaine, This day y* I thee fee ; For as thou fee me att this time. From henceforth ** I wilbe. My father was an old knight, 175 & yett it chanced foe ; That he marryed a younge lady, Y* brought me to this woe. She witched me, being a faire young lady. To the greene forreft to dwell ; iso & there I mtift walke in womans likneffe, Moft like a feeind of hell. She witched my brother to a Carlift B . . . . [About nine stanzas wanting.] [p. 52.] That looked foe foule, & that was wont, On the wild more to goe. iss ' feires, MS. '■> blefed, MS. ^ hencforth, MS. 296 FRAGMENT OF THE MARRIAGE OF SIR GAWAINE. " Come kiffe her, brother Kay," then faid S"' Gawaine, " & amend thee' of thy liffe ; I fweare this is the fame lady Y* I marryed to my wiffe." S"" Kay kiffed that lady bright, lao Standing vpon his feete ; He fayes, as he was trew knight. The fpice was neuer foe fweete. " Well, coz. Gawaine," faies S"" Kay, " Thy chance is fallen arright ; 195 For thou haft gotten one of the faireft maids, I euer faw w**' my fight." " It is my fortune," faid S' Gawaine, " For my vnckle Arthurs fake ; 1 am glad as graffe wold be of rain, 200 Great joy that I may take." S' Gawaine tooke the lady by the one arme, S"' Kay tooke her by the tother ; They led her ftraight to K. Arthur, As they were brother & brother, 205 K. Arthur welcomed them there all, & foe did lady Geneuer, his queene; Wti' all the knights of the Round Table, Moft feemly to be feene. K. Arthiu* beheld that lady faire, 210 That was foe faire & bright ; He thanked Chrift in Trinity, For S'' Gawaine, that gentle knight. ' the, MS. FRAGMENT OF THE MARRIAGE OF SIR GAWAINE. 297 Soe did the knights, both more and leffe, ^ ' Reioyced all that day ; 215 For the good chance y* hapened was. To S"^ Gawaine & his lady gay. * FINIS. f» 2a # No. VIII. [MS. Raw- T YTHEi and' liftenyth the lif of a lord' riche, linson,C.86, L^ 1 fol.i28>'.] '_L^The while that he lyi^d' was none hym liciie. Nether in bowre ne in halle ; — In the tyme of Arthour* thys adventure betyd,' — And' of the greatt adventure that he hym felf dyd', s That kyng curteys & royaft. Of alle kyng^ Arture berytb the flowyr. And' of alle kny^tod' he bare away the hono'. Where foeu he wentt ; In hys contrey was no thyng butt chyvalry, lo And' knygfetf were belovid' [by] that doughty, , For cowardf were eumore fh^t. Nowe wyft ye lyft a whyle to my talkyng, I f haft you tett of Arthowre the kyng, Howe ones hym befeft ; is Ofi huntyng he was in Inglefwod', With alle his bold' knyghtf good',— Nowe herkeii to my fpett. The kyng was fett att his treftytt-tree. With his bowe to fie the wylde ven'e, 20 And' hys lordf were fett hym befyde ; * As the kyng ftode, then was he ware. Where a greatt hartt was and' a fayre, > Klythe, MS. WEDDYNfetE OF SYR GAWENE. 298" And' fortb faft dyd' he glyde. The hartt was in a braken feme, 25 And' hard' the hoimdf , and' ftode fuft derne, Alle that fawe the kyng ; — « Hold' you ftyft, eSy mafi, And' I wott goo my felf, yf I cafi, % With craft of ftalkyng." so [fpl. 129.] The kyng in hys hand' toke a bowe, And' wodmanly he ftowpyd' lowe. To ftalk' vnto that dere ; When that he cam the dere full nere, The dere lept forth into a brere, 35 ^ And eu the kyng went nere i& nere. So kyng Arthure went a whyle. After the dere, I tr^e, half a myle. And' no mafi with hym went ; And' att the laft to the dere he lett flye, 4o And' fmote hym fore and' fewerly,^ Suche grace God' hym fent. Dqun the dere tumblyd' fo deron, And' feii: into a greatt brake of ferofi. The kyng folowyd' full faft ; ^ 45 Anofi the^kyng both ferce & fett Was with the dere, and' dyd' hyin fveft'. And' after the graffe he tafte. As the kyng was with the dere alone, Streyght ther ca to hym a quaynt grome, so Armyd' wefl: and' fure ; A knyght fuft ftrong, and' of greatt myght. And' grymly wordf to the kyng he fayd', — « Weft i-mett, kyng Artho"" ! ' =' Thou haft me done wrong many a yere, 55 And' woftdly I f haft quytte the here, I hold thy lyfe-days nygh done; ' f erve weft ? 2o2 298^ WEDDYNGE OF SYR GAWENE. Thou haft gevyii my landf , in certayn. With greatt wrong vnto i Gawefi, ■ ' Whate fayest thou, kyng alone ?" ' 6o i|j|r " Syr knyght, whate is thy name, with, hono'?" " Syr kyng," he fayd', " Grom'fom^. Jom^, I tett the nowe with ryght."— ; " A, f Grom^fom', bethynk' the weft. To fie me here hono'' getyft thou no deft, es [fol. 129b.] Be-thynk' the thou artt a kny^t. *• Yf thou fie me nowe in thys cafe, Alle knyghtf wott refufe the in euy place. That fhame f haft neu the froo ; Lett be thy wyft, and folowe wytt, ^ 70 And' that is amys I fhatt amend' itt. And' thou wolt, or that I goo." ^ " Nay," fayd' i Grom'fom', " by heuyn kyng ! :: So f halt thou nott fkape, withoute lefyng, ^ I haue the nowe att avaytt ; 75 Yf I fhold' lett the thus goo with mokery, Anoder tyme thou wolt me defye, Of that I fhatt nott faytt," Now fayd' the kyng, " fo God' me faue. Save my lyfe, and' whate thou wolt crave so I fhatt now graunt itt the ; Shame thou fhalt haue to fie me in ven'e, Thou armyd', and I clothyd' butt in grene, pde." " Alle thys fhatt nott help the, fekyrly. For 1 wott nother lond' ne gold' truly, ss Butt yf thou graunt me att a certayfi day, Suche as I fhatt fett, and' in thys fame araye." " Yes," fayd' the kyng, " lo ! here my hand'." " Ye, butt a-byde, kyng, and' here me a ftound'. Fyrft thow fhalt fwere, vpoii my fword' broufi, 90 To fhewe me att thy comyng whate wemefi love beft in feld' and' And' thou fhalt mete me here, with outeii fend', [town ; Evyn att this day xij. monethes end'; WEDDYNGE OF -SYR GAWENE. 298 "^ And' thou flialt fwerevpofi my fwerd' good'. That of thy knygfetf f haft none com w* the, by the rood', 95 Nowther frende^ ne freynd'. A; And' yf thou bryng nott anfwere, with oute faytt, Thyne hed' thou fhalt lofe for thy travaytt, — [fol.*]29.] Thys fhatt nowe be thyne oth. , Whate fayft thou, kyng, lett fe, haue done." — 100 " Syr, I graunt to thys, now lett me gone, Thdigft itt be to me fultloth. I enfure the, as I am true kyng. To com agayii att thys xij. monethes end'. And' bryng the thyne anfwere." — 105 " Now go thy way, kyng Arthure, Thy lyfe is in my hand' I am futt fure. Of thy forowe thow artt nott ware. Abyde, kyng Arthure, a lytett whyle, Loke nott to day thou me begyle, no And' kepe alle thyng in clofe ; For and' I wyft, by Mary mylde. Thou woldyft betray me in the feld'. Thy lyf' fyrft fholdyft thou lofe." " Nay," fayd' kyng Arthure, " that may nott be, 115 Vntrewe knyght fhalt thou neu fynde me. To dye yett were me lever ; Farweft, i knyght, and' evyft mett, I woft com, and' I be on lyve, att the day fett. Though I fhold' fcape neu." 120 The kyng his bugle gaii blowe. That hard' eSy knyght, and' itt gaii knowe/J* Vnto hyin can they rake ; Ther they fond' the ]toig and' the dere, ^" With fembland^ad' ^d' hevy chere, 125 That had' no luft to layk'. " Go we home nowe to Carlytt, 1 fremde ? 298"^ WEDDYNGE OF SYR GAWENE. •*■ W Thys huntyhg lykys me pott weS,"— So fayd' kyng Arthqre; AUe the lor^knewe by hia countennce, iso [fol.*l29t'.]That the kyng had' mett with fiime dyfturbaunce. Vnto CarlyS then the kyng cam, Butt of his hevyneffe toewe no man. His hartt was wonderhevy ; lA;his hevyneffe he dyd' a-byde, 135 That^any of his knygfetfi m'vjglyd' that tyde. ^ Tyfl: att the laft i Gawefi To the kyng he fayd' than, " Syr, me marvaylyth ryght fore, Whate thyng that thou forowyft fore." Then anfweryd' the kyng as tygtlt, " I fhaft the teft, gentytt Gawefi knygbt. In the foreft as I was this daye, Ther I mett with a knyght in his araye, 145 And' fteyn wordf to me he gan fayn. And' chargyd' me I f hold' hym nott bewrayne ; His councelt muft I kepe therfore, * Or els I am forfwore." " Nay, drede you nott, lord', by Mary flower , 1^ I am nott that mafi tha€*wold' you difhono"", Nother by euyfi ne by morofi." — " Forsotil I was oil huntyng in Inglefwod', Thowe knoweft weH I f lewe an hartt, by the rode, Alle my fylf aloii ; 155 Ther mett I with a knyght armyd' fure. His namej)^ told' me was i Grom' fom' Joure, Therfor I make my mone. Ther that knyght faft dyd' me tl^ete. And' wold' haue flayfi me with greatt ieatt, leo ^ Butlfpak'fayreagayn; ^ Wepyns with me ther had' I none, *iu Alas ! my worf hypp' therfor is nowe gone." — ^ " What therof ? " fayd' Gawefi. '^ WEDDYNGE OF SYR GAWENE. 298 « " What nedys more, I fhaft nott lye, les He wold' hauie flayfi me ther with oute m'cy, Fol. 130.] And' that me was futt loth ; ''. He made me to fwere that att the xij. monethes end'. That I fhold' mete hym ther in the fame kynde. To that I plyght my trowith. • 170 And' alfo I. fhold' tett hym att the fame day, Whate wemeii defyreii mofte, in good faye. My lyf' els fhold' I Me J; This oth I made vnto that knyght. And' that I fhold' neu teft itt to no wight, 175 Of thys I myght nott chefe. And' ahb I fhold' com in none oder araye, ^ But euyfi as I was the fame daye ; And' yf I faylyd' of myne anfwere, I wott I fhal be flayn ryght there. iso Blame me nott though I be a wofuft mafi, AUe thys is my drede and' fere." " Ye, i, make good' chere, — tg. Lett maSe yo'' hors redy, *^ To ryde into ftraunge contrey ; iss And' eS wher as ye mete owther mafi or woman, in faye, Asf of theym whate thay therto faye. And' I fhaft alfo ryde a noder waye. And' enquere of eSy man and' woman, and' gett M'hatt I may. Of eSy man and' womans anfwere, 190 And' m a boke I fhaft theym Wryte." « I graunt," fayd' the kyng, as tyte, " Ytt is weft advyfed, Gawen the good', *** Evyii by the holy rood' ! "— Sone were they^ both r^dy, 195 Gawen and' the kjmg, wytterly. The kyng rode pa way, and' Gawen anoder, And^eS enquyreiF of man, womafi, and' other. ' leve, MS. * t^e, MS. 298*^ WEDDYNGE OF SYR GAWENE. Whate wemefi defyred' mofte dere. Somme fayd' they lovyd' to be wett arayd', 200 Somme fayd' they lovyd' to be fayre prayed'; [fol. isob.] Somme fayd' they lovyd' a lufty mail, That in theyr armys can clypp' them and' kyffe them than ; Somme fayd' one, fomme fayd' other. And' fo had' GaM^eii getyn many an anfwer'. 205 By that Gaweii had' getefi whate he maye. And' come agayfi by a certeyn daye ; Syr Gawen had' goteii anfwerys fo many. That had' made a boke greatt, wytterly. To the courte he cam agayfi ; 210 By that was the kyng comyii vnth hys boke. And' eyther on others pamplett dyd' loke, — " Thys may nott fayd'*," fayd' Gaweii. " By God'," fayd' the kyng, " I drede me fore, I caft me to feke a lyteft more, 21s In Ynglefwod' Foreft ; I haue butt a moneth to my day fett, I may hapefi oii fomme good' tydyngf to hytt, Thys thynkyth me nowe beft," "Do as ye lyft," then Gaweii fayd', 220.^ " What fo eu ye do I hold' me payd', Hytt is good' to be fpyrryng ; Doute you nott, lord', ye fhatt weft fpede, Sume of yo"" fawes fhatt help att nede. Els itt were ytt lykyng." 225 Kyng Arthoure rode forth oii the other day. In to Ynglefwod' as hys gate laye. And' ther he mett vnth a lady ; She was as vngoodly a creature. As eu man fawe, withoute mefure, •■ 230 Kyng Arthure m vaylyd' fecurly. ., Her face was red', her nofe fnotyd' withatt, ' faylle? WEDDYNGE OF SYR GAWENE. 298 ^ Her mowith wyde, her teth yalowe ou aft. With bleryd' eyeii gretter then a baft. Her mowith was nott to lak' ; 235 [fol. 131.];; Her teth hyng oS her' lyppf, Her chekys fyde as wemens hyppf, A lute fhe bare vpofi her bak'. Her nek* long and' therto greatt. Her here cloteryd ofi afi hepe, 240 In the fholders fhe was a yard' brode, Hangyng pappys to be aii hors-lode. And' lyke a bareft fhe was made ; And' to reherfe the fowlneffe of that lady, Ther is no tung may teft, fecurly, 245 Of lothlyneffe inowgh fhe had'. She fatt ofi a palfray was gay begon. With gold befett, and many a precious ftone, Ther was afi vnfemely fyght ; So fowtt a creature, with oute mefure, 250 To ryde fo gayly, I you enfure, Ytt was no reafon ne ryght. She rode to Arthoure, and thus fhe fayd', " God' fpede, kyng, I am weft payd'. That I haue with the mett ; 255 Speke with me, I rede, or thou goo. For thy lyfe is in my hand', I warn the foo. That f halt thou fynde, and' I itt nott lett." " Why, what wold' ye, lady, nowe with me ?" " Syr, I wold' fayn nowe fpeke with the, 260 And teft the tydyngf good' ; For aUe the anfwerys that thou canft yelpe. None of theym aUe fhaft the helpe. That fhalt thou knowe, by the rood' ! Thou wenyft I knowe nott thy counceft, 265 But I warfi the I knowe itt eSy deaft, » he, MS. 2q« 298** WEDDYNGE OF SYR GAWENE. Yf I help the nott thou art butt dead' ; Graunt me, € kyng, butt one thyng, [fol. ISlb.] And' for thy lyfe I make warrauntyng, Or ellf thou fhalt lofe thy hed'." 270 " Whate mean you, lady, teft me tygbt. For of thy wordf I haue great difpyte. To you I haue no nede. Whate is yo'' defyre, fayre lady, • Lett me wete fhortly, 275 Whate is yo"" meanyng ; And' why my lyfe is in yo' hand', Teft me, and' I fhaft you warraunt, Alle yo' ouii afkyng ? " " For fotb," fayd' the lady, " I am no qued', aso Thou muft graunt me a knygllt to wed'. His name is f Grawen ; And' fuche couen"nt I wott make the. Butt thorowe myne anfwere thy lyf fauyd' be, Ellf lett my defyre be in vayne. 28s And' yf myne anfwere faue thy lyf, Graunt me to be Gawens wyf ', Advyfe the nowe, i kyng ; For itt muft be fo, or thou artt butt dead', Chofe nowe, for thou mayfte fone lofe thyne hed'. 290 Teft me nowe in hying." " Mary," fayd' the kyng, " I maye nott gramnt the. To make warrant i Gawefi to wed' the, Alle lyeth in hym aloii ; Butt and' itt be fo, I wott do my labo', 295 In favyng of my lyfe to make itt seco''. To Gawefi wott I make my mone." " Wett," fayd' f he, " nowe go home agayfi. And' fayre wordf fpeke to i Gawefi, For thy lyf' I may faue ; 300 ' In the MS. part of the previous line is carelessly repeated. WEDDYNGE OF SYR GAWENE. 298' Though I be fouft, yett am I gaye, Thourgh me thy lyfe faue he maye. Or fewer thy deth to haue." " Alas !" he fayd', " now woo is me, That I fhold' caufe Gaweii to wed' the, sos [fol. 132.] For he wol be lotti to faye naye ; So fouft a lady as ye ar nowe one Sawe I neu in my lyfle on ground' gone, I nott whate I do may." " No force, i kyng, thou^ I be fouft, 3io Choyfe for a make hath an owft. Thou geteft of me no more ; When thou comyft agayn to thyne anfwer , Ryght in this place I shaft mete the here. Or eUf I wott thou artt lore^." sie " Now farewett," fayd' the kyng, " lady, " Ye, i," fhe fayd', " ther is a byrd' mefi catt an owtt^. And' yett a lady I am ;"— " Whate is yo"^ name, I pray you teft me ?" ( ) " Syr kyng, I hight dame Ragnett, truly, 320 ■ That neu yett begylyd' man." " Dame Ragnett, nowe haue good' daye," — " Syr kyng, God' fpede the on thy way, Ryght here I fhaft the mete." Thus they departyd' fayre and' weft, 325 The kyng fiift fone com to Carlyft:, And' his hartt hevy and' greatt. The fyrfte man he mett was I Gawen, That vnto the kyng thus gan fayn, « Syr, howe haue ye fped' ? " 330 « Forfoth," fayd' the kyng, " neS fo yft, Alas ! I am in poynt my felf to fpytt, For nedely I moft be ded'." « Nay," fayd' Gawefi, " that may nott be, » lore fowtt, MS. * Sic MS. 2q»2 298'' WEDDYNGE OF SYR GAWENE. I had' lever my felf be dead', fo mott I the, 335 Thys is i» tydand'." " Gaweii, I mett to day with the fowlyft lady That eS I fawe, ftenly ; She fayd' to me my lyfe fhe wold' faue, Butt fyrft fhe wold' the to husbond' haue ; 340 Wherfor I am wo begon. Thus in my hartt I make my mone." [fol.l32i>.3 « Ys this aB?" then fayd' Gawefi, " I f haft wed' her and' wed' her agayfi, Thowgh fhe were a fend' ; 345 Thowgh fhe were as foutt as Belfabub, Her fhatt I wed', by the rood', Or ellf were not I yo' frende. For ye ar my kyng with bono"". And' haue worfhypt me in many a ftowre, 350 Therforfhaftlnottlett; To faue yo"" lyfe, lord', itt were my parte, Or I were ' falfe and' a greatt coward'. And' my worfhypp' is the bett." " I-wys, Gawefi, I mett her in Inglyfwod', 355 She told' me her name, by the rode. That itt was dame Ragnett ; She told' me butt I had' of her anfwere, Ellf alle my laboure is neu the nere. Thus fhe gaii me tett. 360 And butt yf her anfwer' help me weft, Ellf lett her haue her defyre no dele. This was her coveif nt ; And' yf her anfwere help me, and' none other. Then wold' fhe haue you, here is alle to-geder, 365 That made fhe warraimt." « As for this," fayd' Gaweii, " [it] fhatt nott lett, I wott wed' her at whate time ye woft fett, » were I, MS. WEDDYNGE OF SYR GAWENE. 298' I pray you make no care ; For and' fhe were the mofte fowlyft wyght, 37» That eu mefi myght fe with fygtitj For yo'' loue I woft nott fpare." " Garam'cy, Gawen," then fayd' kyng Arthor, I " Of alle knyghtC thou bereft the flowre. That eu yett I fond' ; 375 ! My worf hypp' and' my lyf ' thou favyft for eu, Therfore my loue f haft nott frome the dyffevyr, [fol. 133.] As I am kyng in lond'." Thefi within v. or \j. days. The kyng muft nedys goo his ways, aso To here his anfwere ; The kyng and' i Gawen rode oute of toun. No man with them, butt they alone, Neder ferre ne nere. Wheii the kyng was with in the Foreft, — ass " Syr Gawen, fareweft, I muft go weft. Thou fhalt no furder goo ; " " My lord', God' fpede you oil yo' jomey, I wold' I fhold' nowe ryde yo"^ way. For to departe I am ryght wo." 390 The kyng had' rydden butt a while, Lyteft more theii the fpace of a myle. Or he mett dame Ragnett ; — " A, i kyng, ye arre nowe welcu here, I wott ye ryde to here yo'' anfwere, 395 That woft avaytt you no dele." Nowe fayd' the kyng, " fith itt woft none other be, TeU me yo"^ anfwere nowe, and' my lyfe faue me, Gawen f haft you wed' ; So he hath pmyfed' me my lyf to faue, 400 And' yo' defyi'e nowe f haft ye haue. Both in bowre and' in bed'. Therfore teft me nowe alle in haft, Whate wott help now att laft, 298™ WEDDYNGE OF SYR GAWENE. Haue done, I may nott tary ; " — 4os " Syr," quod' dame Ragnett, " nowe fhalt thou knowe, Whate wemen defyren mofte, of higfe and* lowe. From this I wott not varaye. Summe men fayn, we defyre to be fayre, Alfo we defyre to haue repayre, 4io Of diSfe ftraunge men ; Alfo we loue to haue luft in bed', [fol. ISS''.] And' oftefi we defyre to wed'. Thus ye men nott ken^. Yett we defyre a noder man thyng, 415 To be holden nott old', but freffhe and' yong ; With flatryng, and' glosyng, and' quaynt gyfi. So ye men may vs wemen eu wyfi. Of whate ye wott crave. Ye goo fiitt nyfe, I wott nott lye, 420 Butt there is one thyng is alle oiu:e fantafye. And' that nowe fhatt ye knowe ; [ We defyren of men, aboue alle man thyng. To haue the foueynte, w*oute lefyng, Of alle, botll hygh and' lowe. 425 For where we haue foueynte aUe is ourys. Though a knyght be neu fo ferys. And' eu the maftry wynne ; Of the mofte manlyeft is oure defyre. To haue the foueynte of fuche a fyre, 430 Suche is oure crafte and' gynne. Therfore wend', £ kyng, on thy way. And' tett that knyght, as I the faye. That itt is as we defyren mofte ; He wol be wroth and' vnfought, 435 And' cxu-fe her faft, that itt the taught. For his laboure is loft. Go forth, i kyng, and' hold' pmyfe, > Sic MS. WEDDYNGE OF SYR GAWENE. 298 " For thy lyfe is fure nowe in alle wyfe, That dare I weft vndertake." 440 The kyng rode forth a greatt fhake, As faft as he myght gate ; Thorowe myre, more, and' fenne. Where as the place was fygnyd' and' fett then, Evyii there with i Grom' he mett. 445 And' fterii wordt to the king he fpak' with that, — " Com of, i kyng, nowe lett fe. Of thyne anfwere whate itt f hal be. For I am redy grathyd'." The kyng pullyd' oute bokf twayne, — 450 " Syr, ther is myne anfwei^, I dare feyn. For fomme woft help at nede." Syr Grom lokyd' ofi theym euychon, — " Nay, nay, i kyng, thou artt but a dead' man, Therfor nowe fhalt thou blede." 455 " Abyde, i Grom'," fayd' kyng Arthoure, " I haue one anfwere fhail make att^ fure,"— « Lett fe," then fayd' i Grom' ; " Or els, fo God' me help as I the fay. Thy deth thou fhalt haue w* large paye, 46o I teft the nowe enfure." Now fayd' the kyng, " I fe, as I geffe. In the is butt a lytefl: gentilneffe, By God', that ay is helpand' ! Here is oure anfwere, and' that is alle, 465 That wemeii defyreii mofte fpeciafl. Both of fre and' bond'. I faye no more, butt aboue al thyng Wemeii defyre foueynte, for that is theyr lykyng. And' that is ther moft defyre ; 470 To have the rewtt of the manlyeft mefi, And' then ar they weft, thus they me dyd' ken, ' ale, MS. 298° WEDDYNGE OF SYR GAWENE. To rule the, Grom' fyre." " And' f he that told' the nowe, i Arthoure, I pray to God', I maye fe her breii ofi a fyre, 475 For Jhat was my fu]ieEjiam.e-Ra^»8 ; [fol. 134".] That old' scott, God' gave her^ fhame ! EUf had' I made the futt tame, Nowe haue I loft moche travayft. Go where thou wolt, kyng Arthoiu-e, 48o For of me thou maifte be eu fure, Alas ! that I eS fe this day ; Nowe, weft I wott, myne enime thou wolt be. And' att fuche a pryk' fhaft I neu gett the. My fong may be wett-awaye ! " 485 " No," fayd' the kyng, " that make I warraunt. Some harnys I wott haue to make me defendaunt. That make I God' avowe ! In fuche a plyght fhallt thou neu me fynde. And' j£ thou do, lett me bete and' bynde, 490 As is for thy beft prouf V " Nowe haue good' day," fayd' i Grom', " Farewell," fayd' i Arthoure, " fo mott I the, I am glad' I haue fo fped'." — King Arthoure tumyd' hys hors into the playn, 495 And' fone he mett with dame Ragneft agayii, In the fame place and' ftede. " Syr kyng, I am glad' ye haue fped' weft, I told' howe itt wold' be, eSy deft, Nowe hold' that ye haue hyght ; 500 Syfi I haue fauyd' yo"^ lyf ', and' none other, Gawen muft me wed', S Arthoure, That is a fiitt gentitt knygfet." « No, lady, that I you hi^t I fhaft not faytt. So ye wol be rulyd' by my cowncett, 505 Yo'^ witt then fhaft ye haue ;"— ' he, MS, 2 prow ? WEDDYNGE OF SYR GAWENE. 298 P " Nay, i kyng, nowe wott I nott foo, Openly I wol be weddyd' or I parte the froo, [fol. 135.] Elle fhame wo» ye haue. Ryde before, and' I woft com after, sio Vnto thy courte, i kynge Arthoure, Of no man I woft fhame ; Be-thynk' you howe I haue fauyd' yo' lyf', Therfor with me nowe fhaft ye nott ftryfe. For and' ye do, ye be to blame." 51s The kyng of her had' greatt fhame. But forth fhe rood', though he were grevyd' ; Tyit they cam to Karlyle forth they mevyd'. In to the courte fhe rode hym by. For no mail wold' fhe fpare, fecurly, 520 Itt likyd' the kyng fuft ytt. AUe the contraye had' wonder greatt. Fro whens fhe com, that foule vnfwete. They fawe neu of fo fowtt a thyng ; In to the haft fhe went, in certen, — 525 " Arthoure kyng, lett fetche me i Gaweyn, Before the knyghtf , alle in hying. That I may nowe be made fekyr. In weUe and' wo trowitfe plyght vs togeder. Before alle thy chyvalry ; 530 This is yo' graunt, lett fe, haue done. Sett forth i Gaweii, my love, anoil. For lenger tarying kepe nott I." Then cam forth f Gawen the knyght, — " Syr, I am redy of that I you hyght, 535 Alle forward^ to fuhytt ;" " Godhauem^cy," fayd' dame Ragneft thefi, " For thy fake I wold' I were a fayre woman, [fo]. las'*.] For thou art of fo good' wyft." Ther f Gawen to her his trowth plyght, mo In weft and' in woo, as he was a true knyght, Thefi was dame Ragneft fayn ; 2q'' 298'' WEDDYNGE OF SYR GAWENE. " Alas \" thefi fayd' dame Gayno"", So fayd' alle tlie ladyes in her bower. And' wept for i Gawefi. 545 "Alas !" then fayd' both kyng and' knygiit. That eS he fhold' wed' fuch a wyght. She was fo fowft and' horyble ; She had' two teth on euy fyde, As borys tusk^, I woft nott hyde, sso Of length a large handfutt. The one tufk' went up, and the other doun, A mowth full wyde, and' fowtt igrowfi. With grey herys many ofi ; Her lyppf lay lumpryd' on her chyii, 555 Nek' forsoth on her was none ifeefi, She was a lothly on ! She wold' nott 'be weddyd' in no man , Butt there were made a krye in alle the fhyre. Both in towfi and' in borowe ; aeo AJle the ladyes nowe of the lond'. She lett lay to com to hand'. To kepe that brydaUe thorowe. So itt befytt after oii a daye, That maryed' fhold' be that fowtt [lady] 565 Vnto i Gaweyfi ; The daye was comyfi the daye fhold' be, Therof the ladyes had' greatt pitey, " Alas !" theii gaii they fayii. The queen prayd' dame Ragnett, fekerly, 570 [fol. 136.] To be maryed' in the mornyng erly, As pryvaly as we may ; " Nay," fhe fayd', " by hevyn kyng ! That wott I neu , for no thyng. For ought that ye can faye. 575 I wol be weddyd' aUe openly, For with the kyng fuche coven'nt made I, I putt you oute "f dowte ; WEDDYNGE OF SYR GAWENE. 298'' I wott nott to church tyft high maffe tyme. And' in the open halle I woft dyne, ggo In myddys of alle the rowte." " I am greed'," fayd' dame Gayno"-, " Butt me wold' thynk' more hono"". And yo" worfhypp' mofte ;"— " Ye, as for that, lady, God' you faue, sss This daye my worfhypp' wott 1 haue, I teft you withoute bofte." She made her redy to church to fare. And' alle the Statf that there ware, Syrs, withoute lefyng ; ggo She was arayd' in the richeft man' More freffher than dame Gayno'. Her arayment was worth iij m^' mark'. Of good' red' nobles ftyff and' ftark'. So rychely fhe was begoii ; 595 For alle her rayment fhe bare the beft Of fowlneffe, that e3 I hard' tett. So fowtt a fowe fawe neu mafi. For to make a fhortt conclufiofi, [fo]. I36t>.] When fhe was weddyd', they hyed' theym home, eoo To mete alle they went ; This fowtt lady bygaii the high defe. She was futt fouffi~and'~n6tt curteys. So fayd' they alle, verament. When the fiiyce cam her before, 605 She ete as moche as vj. that ther wore. That m'vaylyd' many a man ; Her naylys were long ynchys iij*, Therwith fhe breke her mete vngoodly, Therfore fhe ete alone. eio She ette iij«. capons, and' alfo curlues iij«, And' greatt bake metf fhe ete vp, pde, Al mefi therof had' m vaytt ; Ther was no mete ca her before. 298 » WEDDYNGE OF SYR GAWENE. Butt fhe ete itt vp, leffe and' more, eis That praty fowtt damefett. Alt men thefi that eS her fawe. Bad' the devitt her bonys gnawe, Both knyght and fquyre ; So fhe ete tytt mete was done, 620 Tytt they drewe clothes, and' had' waffhen. As is the gyfe and' man'. Meny men wold' fpeke of dime fuice, I trowe ye may wete inow^ ther was. Both of tame and' wylde ; 625 In king Arthom-s courte ther was no wontt. That myght be gotten with mannys bond', Noder in foreft ne in feld', Ther were mynftraUf of diufe contrey l_A leaf here is wanting.'] ****** [fol. 137.] " A, i Gawen, fyii I haue you wed', eao Shewe me yo"^ cortefy in bed'. With ryght itt may nott be denyed'. I-wyfe, i Gawen," that lady fayd', " And' I were fayre, ye wold' do a noder brayd'. Butt of wedlok' ye take no hed' j 635 Yett for Arthours fake, kyffe me att the lefte, I pray you do this att my requeft, Lett fe, howe ye can fpede." i Gawen fayd', " I wott do more Thefi for to kyffe, and' God' before ! " 640 He tumyd' hym her vntitt ; He fawe her the fayreft creature. That eu he fawe, withoute mefure, — WEDDYNGE OF SYR GAWENE. 298' She fayd', « whatt is yo' wyft ? " « A, Ihu ! " he 1 fayd', « whate ar ye ? " ets " f, I am yo'' wyi', fecurly. Why ar ye fo unkynde ? " " A, lady, I am to blame, I cry you m'cy, my fayre madame, Itt was nott in my mynde. eso A lady ye ar fayre in my fyght. And' to day ye were the foulyft wyght. That eu I fawe with myne ie®; Wele is me, my lady, I haue you thus," — And' brafyd' her in his armys, and' gafi her kyfle, ess And' made greatt joye, fycurly. « Syr," f he fayd', " thus fhatt ye me haue, Chefe of the one, fo God' me faue. My beawty woft nott hold' ; Wheder ye woft haue me fayre ofi nyght^^. eeo And' as fouft on days to aUe mefi fightf ; [fol. 137'.] Or els to haue me fayre oil days. And' ofi nygfetf on the fowlyft wyfe. The one ye muft nedf haue ; Chefe the one or the oder, 665 Chefe on, i knyght, which you is leu, Yo' worfhypp' for to faue." " Alas ! " fayd' Gaweii, " the choyfe is hard'. To chefe the beft itt is froward', Wheder choyfe that I chefe ; 670 To haue you fayre on nyght^ and' no more. That wold' greve my hartt ryght fore. And' my worfhypp' fhold' I lefe''. And' yf I defyre ofi days to haue you fayre, Thefi on nyghtf I fhold' haue a fymple repayre, 675 Now fayii wold' I chofe the beft ; I ne wott in thys world' whate I fhaft faye, 1 fhe, MS. ^ ien, MS. ^ nyght, MS. * Me, MS. 298" WEDDYNGE OF SYR GAWENE. Butt do as ye lyft nowe, my lady gaye. The choyfe I putt in yo'^ fyft. Euyfi as ye wott I putt itt in yo"^ hand', eso Lofe me whefi ye lyft, for I am bond', I putt the choyfe in you ; Both body and' good^, hartt, and' euy dele, Ys alle yo"^ oun, for to by and' fell. That make I God' avowe !" ess " Garam'cy, corteys kny^t," fayd' the lady, " Of alle erthly knyghtt blyffyd' mott thou be. For now am I worfhyppyd' ; Thou fhaft haue me fayre both day and' nygfet. And' eu whyle I lyve as fayre and' brygftt, ego Therfore be nott greuyd'. For I was fhapefi by nygramancy. With my ftepdame, God' haue ofi her m cy ! And' by enchauntement ; And' fhold' haue bene oderwyse vnderftond', egs Euyii tyil the beft of Englond' [fol. 138.] Had' wedyd' me, verament. And' alfo he fhold' geve me the foueynte. Of alle his body and' goodf , fycurly. Thus was I difformyd' ; 700 And' thou, i knyght, curteys Gawen, Has gevyfi me the foueynte, fteyn. That woft not wroth the erly ne late. Kyffe me, f knyght, euyfi now here, I pray the, be glad', and' make good' chere, 70s For weft is me begoii" ; — Ther they made joye, oute of mynde. So was itt reason and' co''s of kynde, They two theym felf alone. She thankyd' God' and' Mary mylde, 710 She was recoud' of that that fhe was defoylyd'. So dyd' f Gawen ; He made myrth aUe in her boure. WEDDYNGE OF SYR GAWENE. 298^ And' thankyd' of alle oure Sauyoure, I teft you, in certeyn. 715 With joye & myrtti they wakyd' tytt daye. And' thafi wold' ryfe that fayre maye^, « Ye f hatt nott/' i Gawefi fayd' ; " We wott lye, & f lepe tytt pryme, And' then lett the kyng catt vs to dyne," — 720 " I am greed'," then fayd' the mayd'. Thus itt paffyd' forth tytt mid-daye, — " SyrsV' quod' the kyng, " lett vs go and' afaye, Yf f Gaweii be on ly ve ; I am futt ferd' of i Gawefi, 725 Nowe left the fende haue hym flayn, Nowe wold' I fayfi preve. Go we nowe," fayd' Arthoure the kyng, " We woB go fe theyr vpryfyng, [fol. 138 •>.] Howe wett that he hath fped' ;"— 730 They cam to the chambre, alle in certeyn, " Aryfe," fayd' the kyng to i Gawefi, « Why flepyft thou fo long in bed' ?" " Mary," quod' Gawen, " f kyng, ficurly, I wold' be glad' and' ye wold' lett me be, 735 For I am fiitt wett att eas ; Abyde, ye f hatt fe the dore vndone, I trowe that ye wott fay I ain wett gooii, I am futt loth to ryfe." Syr Gawefi rofe, and' in his hand' he toke 740 His fayr lady, and' to the dore he fhoke. And' opynyd' the dore futt fayre ; She ftod' in her fmok' alle by that fyre. Her her^ was to her knees as red' as gold' wyre, — " Lo ! this is my repayre. 745 Lo !" fayd' Gawefi Arthoure vntitt, " Syr, this is my wyfe, dame Ragnett, That fauyd' onys yo' lyfe ;"— ' mayd, MS. ^ Syr, MS. ^ had, MS. 298" WEDDYNGE OF SYR GAWENE. He told' the kyng and' the queeii hem beforfi, Howe fodenly from her fhap fhe dyd' tome, 750 " My lord', nowe be yo"" leve," And' whate was the caufe fhe forfhapeii was, Syr Gawefi told' the kyng, both more and' leffe, « I thank' God'," fayd' the queen; " I wenyd', i Gawen, fhe wold' the haue myfcaryed', 755 Therfore in my hartt I was fore agrevyd'. Butt the contrary is here feen." Ther was game, revett, and' playe. And' euy man to other gaii faye, " She is a fayre wyght ;" 76o Than the kyng theym alle gan tett. How did' held' hym att nede dame Ragnett, " Or my detb had' bene dyght." Ther the kyng told' the queeii, by the rood', Howe he was beftad' in Inglefwod', '65 [fol. 139.] With i Grom' fom' Joure ; And' whate othe the kngyht made hym fwere, " Or ellf he had' slayii me ryght there, W*oute m'cy or mefure. This fame lady, dame Ragnett, 770 From my deth fhe dyd' help me ryght vfe% AUe for the love of Gaweii ;" — Theii Gaweii told' the king aUe to-geder, Howe forfhapeii fhe was with her ftepmoder Tytt a knyght had' holpeii her agayn. 775 Ther fhe told' the kyng fayre and' weft. How Gawen gave her the foueynte euy deft. And' whate choyfe fhe gave to hym ; — " God' thank' hym of his curtesye. He favid' me from chaunce and' vilony, 780 That was iutt foutt and' grym. Therfore, curteys knyght and' hend' Gaweii, Shaft I neu wrath, the, fteyfi.. That pmyfe nowe here I make ; Whillf that I lyve I fhal be obayfaunt, 735 WEDDYNGE OF SYR GAWENE. 298'' To God' aboue I fhaft itt warraunt. And' neS with you to debate." " Garam'cy, lady," then fayd' Gawefi, " W* you I hold' me full weft content, And' that I truft to fynde ;"— 790 He fayd', " my loue fhaft fhe haue, Therafter nede fhe neu more craue. For fhe hath bene to me fo kynde." The queen fayd', and' the ladyes alle, " She is the fayreft nowe in this halle, 795 I fwere by Seynt Johfi ! — My loue, lady, ye fhaft haue e2. For that ye favid' my lord' Arthoure, As I am a gentUwomaii." Syr Gaweii gatt ofi her Gyngolyn, soo [fol. isgi).] That was a good' knyght of ftrength and' kynn. And' of the Table Round'; Att euy greatt feft that lady fhold' be. Of faymeffe fhe bare away the bewtye, Wher fhe yed' ofi the ground'. 805 Gawefi louyd' that lady, dame Ragneft, In alle his lyfe he louyd' none fo weft, I tett you, withoute lefyng ; As a coward' he lay by her both day and' nygfet, Neu wold' he haunt justyng ary^t, sio Ther att m'vaylyd' Arthoiure the kyng'. She prayd' the kyng, for his gentUnes, To be good' lord' to i Grom^ i-wyffe. Of that to you he hath offendyd' ; — " Yes, lady, that shaft I nowe, for yo"" fake, sis For I wott weft he may nott amendf make. He dyd' to me futt vnhend'." Nowe for to make you a fhort conclufyofi, I call me for to make aii end' fiift fone. Of this gentytt lady ; 820 > kyng Arthoure, MS. 2 Q." 825 298 y WEDDYNGE OF SYR GAWENE. She lyvyd' witb i Gawefi butt yerys v. That grevyd' Gawefi alle his lyfe, I tett you, fecurly. In her lyfe fhe grevyd' hym neu, Therfor was neu woman to hym lever. Thus leves my talkyng ; She was the fayreft lady of aft^ Englond', When fhe was on lyve, I vnderstond'. So fayd' Arthoure the kyng. Thus endyth the aduenture of kyng Arthoure, That oft in his days was grevyd' fore. And' of the weddyng of Gawefi; Gawefi was weddyd' oft in his days. Butt fo weft he neu lovyd' woman always, As I haue hard' mefi fayfi. This aduenture befeft in Inglefwod', [fol. 140.] As good' kynge Arthoure ofi huntyng yod'. Thus haue I hard' mefi teft ; Nowe, God', as thou were in Bethleme born. Suffer neu her foules be forlorne, In the brynnyng fyre of heft ! And', Ifeu, as thou were borne of a virgyfi. Help hym oute of forowe, that this tale dyd' devyne. And' that nowe in alle haft ; ' For he is be-fett vnth gaylours many, 345 That kepefi hym futt feweriy. With wyles wrong & wrafte. Nowe, God', as thou art veray kyng ryoaft. Help hym oute of daunger that made this tale, For therin he hath bene long'; ' sso And' of greatt pety help thy #u"nt, For body & foutt I yeld' into thyne hand'. For paynes he hath ftrong. Here endyth the weddyng of Syr Gawen and Dame Ragne%for helpyng of Kyng Arthmre. » ale, MS, S4U NOTES. g>^r (datoapn anti tje (§tmt ^ni^}t THIS curious poem is printed for the first time from a manuscript, believed to be unique, preserved in the Cottonian Collection, and marked Nero, A. x The volume had undoubtedly been seen by Warton, since he quotes some other pieces contained in it', and it is singular he should not have noticed the poem in question, which he seems to have confounded with a preceding one, on a totally different subject. The same error, indeed, pervades the Cottonian Catalogues com- piled by Smith in 1696, and by Planta in 1802 ; and to this cause, in all probability, may be ascribed the oblivion in which for so long a period such a remarkable compo- sition should have remained. Accident, however, threw it in the way of Mr. Price, the able editor of Warton, who extracted a passage in illustration of his argument against the Scotish authorship of Sir Tristrem, and announced his intention of pub- lishing the entire Romance, under the designation of " Aunter of Sir Gawaine," in an octavo volume, to be intitled " Illmtrations of Warton's History of English Poetry;" but which he relinquished some time previous to his decease^. Price, however, omitted all reference to the MS. containing the poem, and the same chance which had brought it under his notice subsequently made it known to myself and to Mr. Stevenson, the latter of whom frequently quotes it in his additions to 1 History of English Poetry, vol. iii. pp. 107, 108, ed. 4to, 1781 ; and vol. lii. p. 393, ed. 8vo, 1824. 2 See H. E. P. Preface, p. 17, vol. i. p. 187 ; and Advertisement annexed at the end of vol. iv. 2q2 300 NOTES. Boucher's Glossary \ A transcript was made by me shortly after the discovery, and the subject of the romance communicated in October, 1829, to Sir Walter Scott, who with his well-known courtesy, and zeal in the cause of ancient Scotish literature, at once proposed to have it edited, together with the similar poems of The Awntyrs of Arthure, and Golagros and Gawane, by subscription. I subsequently received from Sir Walter, during his visit to London, in October, ISSI, permission to dedi- cate the work to himself ; and a prospectus was circulated ^ containing proposals of publication, which circumstances afterwards prevented being carried into effect. To those noblemen and gentlemen who on that occasion sent me their names, I have never hitherto had an opportunity of expressing my thanks, and although tardy they are not the less sincere. Having said thus much to account for the non-appearance of the poem in print, previous to its being so liberally taken under the patronage of the Bannatyne Club, I shall proceed to discuss briefly the questions which arise respecting the age of this composition, its author, and the sources whence it was derived. Warton, in quoting two poems in the same volume, written by the same hand as the present, assigns them to the age of Minot, i. e. to the middle of the fourteenth century, and adds, that the writing cannot be later than the reign of Edward III. But the historian of English poetry is too poor a critic in matters of this kind to cause any weight to be attached to his opinion, unless supported by other evidence. His editor. Price, was evidently inclined to give the poem a much greater anti- quity, and the whole scope of his argument would refer it to the thirteenth century, previous to the time of Robert de Brunne. " It abounds," says this ingenious writer, in those "selcouth names which in the fourteenth century were rapidly growing into disuse, and which were only retained by the writers in alliterative metre." To refute this notion, which has been adopted too hastily by the Rev. W. Conybeare' and Mr. Laing*, there is abundant evidence in the poem itself, independent of the proofs afforded by the language and metrical structure. Stevenson merely notices that the poem was " probably written about the end of the fourteenth century"," and Guest, who is the latest writer on the subject, says, that the MS. " certainly belongs to the latter half of the fourteenth century," which he modifies in another ' This new edition of Boucher, under the superintendence of the Rev. Joseph Hunter, and Joseph Stevenson, Esq., came out in 1832. Only two parts, extending to the middle of letter B, have hitherto appeared. 2 The work had previously been proposed to Messrs. Longman and Co., and Mr. Murray. The former party civilly declined it, but the latter never even took the trouble to answer the letter ! •'' lustrations of A. S. Poetry, p. Ixix, 8vo, 1826. * Poems of Dunbar, vol. i. p. 38, 8vo, 1834. * Add. to Boucher, voce Bal^e. NOTES. 301 passage to "about the year 1400'." It will not be difficult from a careful inspection of the manuscript itself, both in regard to the writing and illuminations, to assign it to the reign of Richard the Second; and the internal evidence, arising from the peculiarities of costume, armour, and architecture, would lead us to assign the romance to the same period, or a little earlier. There are three other metrical pieces in the volume'', all most unquestionably composed by the author of the ro- mance, and these I have carefully read over with the hope of detecting some more direct indication of the age, but without success. Jean de Menng is indeed referred to, in fol. Yl'', under his surname of Clopinel, in the following lines : For Clopyngnel in the compas of his clene Rose, Ther he expounej a speche to hym that spede wolde. Of a lady to be loued, loke to hir sone. Of wich beryng that ho be, & wych ho best louyes. etc. But as this writer completed, before the year 1300, the Roman de la Rose, com- menced by Guillaume de Lorris, it will only prove the popularity of the work in Scotland as well as in England, during the course of the fourteenth century. In another passage the author alludes to a proverbial phrase, Thay blwe a bofiFet in blande, that banned peple. That thay blustered as biynde as Bayard wati, euer. — fol. 69. Yet since this proverb is also found in Chaucer's CanUrhury Tales, nothing can be inferred from the contemporaneous use of a saying, of which the origin is too obscure to assist our inquiry. In regard to the author of these poems much uncertainty also exists. There is sufficient internal evidence of their being Northern, although the manuscript con- taining them appears to have been written by a scribe of the midland counties, which will account for the introduction of forms differing from those used by writers beyond the Tweed. It is, I think, certain, that the writer of the romance must have been a man of birth and education, for none but a person intimately versed in the gentle science of wode-craft could so minutely describe the various sports of the chase, nor could any but an educated individual have been so well acquainted with the early French 1 See History of English Rhythms, vol. ii. pp. 159, 171, note, 8vo, 1838. 2 These all possess great merit, and deserve to be printed as the remains of one of the earliest existing Scotish poets. 302 NOTES. literature. Of his poetical talent the pieces contained in the manuscript afford un- questionable proofs, and the descriptions of the change of the seasons ', the bitter aspect of winter^ the tempest which preceded the destruction of Sodom and Gomorra' and the sea-storm occasioned by the wickedness of Jonas*, are equal to any similar passages in Douglas or Spenser. The individual who has the best claim to be re- cognised as the author, is " Huchowne of the Awle Ryale," mentioned by Wyn- town 5, who writes of him thus : Men of gud dyscretyowne Suld excuse and loue Huchovme, That cunuand wes in literature ; ♦ He made the Gret Gest of Artlmre, And the Awntyee of Gawane, The Pysiyl als of swete Swsane. He wes curyws in hys style, Fayre offacund, and subtile. And ay to plesans and delyte Made in metyre mete his dyte "- Mr. Chalmers was of opinion, that this Huchowne and the Sir Hugh of Eglin- toun, mentioned by Dunbar in his " Lament for the. Mdkkaris" who flourished in the middle of the fourteenth century, and died it is supposed about the year 1381, were one and the same person ; but there are so many difl[iculties in this supposition, as justly to prevent our yielding assent to it without some additional evidence'. Admitting, however, Huchowne to be the author of the romance^, we are sin- 1 p. 21. 2 pp. 28, 74. 3 MS. Cott. Nero A. x. f. 70. < Ibid. f. 85. = Wyntown was elected Prior of St. Serfs, in Loch Leven, in 1395, so that he must have been con- temporary with Huchowne. His Chronicle was not finished till the year 1420-1424. ^ CronyMl of Scotland, vol. i. p. 122. ed. Macpherson, 1795. ' See the notices of this Sir Hugh collected in the admirable edition of Dunbar's poems by my friend Mr. Laing, vol. ii. 355 ; and his remarks, vol. i. p. 38. Consult also the Select Semains of the Popular Poetry of Scotland, pref. to Pysiyl of Susan, 4to, 1822 ; Lyndsay's Works, by Chalmers, vol. i. p. 132, note, 8vo, 1806 ; and Tytler's History of Scotland, vol. ii. p. 367, 8vo, 1829. 8 Mr. Guest regards as the most decisive proof of what is here assumed, the fact, that in the void space at the head of the poem in the MS., a hand of the fifteenth century (Mr. G. says, " not much later than the year 1500,") has scribbled the name Hugo de, as shown in the fac-simile annexed to the description of this MS., but, I confess, to this I do not attach much weight. Mr. Guest's wish to regard any signature as the name of the author, has led him into some awkward mistakes, parti- cularly in the case of the EngUsh lives of Saints, composed probably in the early part of the thir- teenth century, and contained in a MS. written not long after, MS. Reg. 1 7 A. xxvii., which Mr. Guest NOTES. 303 gularly fortunate in possessing probably all the pieces written by him noticed by Wyntoun, together with three others on allegorical or scriptural subjects, hitherto not pointed out. It is very evident on the chronicler's authority, that the Gret Gest of Arthure, the Gest Hystoryale, and the Gest of Broyttys auld story, are one and the same poem, and relate to the exploits of Arthur and his knights against the Romans. In this work Huchowne makes Lucius Hiberius emperor, in the time of Arthur, whereas Wyntown, following other authorities, namej Leo as emperor. He first defends himself, and then good-naturedly excuses his predecessor, by saying that in the Brwte, (by which he here means Geofirey of Monmouth,) Lucius is called Procurator, which was more correct, but that had Huchowne done so. That had mare greuyd the cadens. Than had releuyed the sentens. Had Sir Walter Scott ever read through the Arthour and Merlin of the Auchinleck MS., he would have known that it could not be the Gest referred to in the above passage by Wyntown ; and Mr. TurnbuU, the editor of this romance, is less ex- cusable on this account in repeating the error without correction '. But of what in all probability is the veritable Gest of Arthure composed by Huchowne, and written in alliterative metre, I possess a transcript, from a MS. in Lincoln Cathe- dral Library, which may, probably, at some future period be given to the press. It is, perhaps, too much to assume positively with Mr. Guest, that Huchowne " is certainly the oldest English poet, bom north of the Tweed, whose works have reached us," since Barbour, who wrote between 1370-1380, possesses equal claims to be so considered ; but we have this remarkable fact before us, that the oldest manuscripts containing genuine Scotish poetry, are the Cotton MS., Nero, A. x., the Vernon MS. in the Bodleian library, and a MS. formerly in the possession of Dr. Whitaker, and afterwards of Mr. Heber, all of which are of the reign of Richard the Second, all apparently written in England, and all contain poems of Huchowne ^. Now if it be supposed that some time must necessarily elapse to ac- count for the transmission of poems composed on the other side of the Tweed to attributes to " one John Thayer" [Theyer], whose name occurs at the commencement, and who was the possessor in the reign of Charles the Second ! The whole of Theyer's MSS. were subsequently purchased for the Royal Library. See History of Rhythms, ii. 139, note. In the same page for " Latin original," read " Latin version," as may be proved, perhaps, on some future occasion. 1 Preface to Romance of Arthaar and Merlin, 4to, 1838 ; printed for the Maitland Club. I have no doubt that the author is the same who wrote the English romance ot Alexander, printed in Weber. 2 The MS. of Barbour's Bruce, followed by Jamieson, is dated in 1489 ; and is in the Advocate Library. Another copy, dated one year earlier, is at Cambridge. 304 NOTES, the southern counties, we must then with Mr. Guest give Huchowne the priority over Barbour, and he will stand first in the list of Scotish " makkaris." Of course by this I shall be understood to range myself on the side of those who consider Thomas of Erceldoune's claim to Sir Tristrem as apocryphal. To discuss this subject at length here would take me too much out of my way, therefore I shall only observe in passing, from a passage in the inedited portion of Robert de Brunne's Chronicle, that KendaTs christian name was also Thomas, and that he wrote a " tale" about Flayn, the brother of the giant Shardyng, the lord of Scarborough castle ; a piece of information which I believe to be new to all the writers on the subject. In regard to the peculiarity of Huchowne's stanza and style, it cannot fail to ex- cite observation how well it corresponds with the character given by the chronicler. It has also been ingeniously remarked by Mr. Guest, that the form of the stave, with its abrupt bob-line preceding the wheel, distinguishes the romance of Syr Ga- wayn and the Pystyl of Sussan from other somewhat similar productions of the fifteenth century, and fairly intitles them to be considered of earlier date '. The question of the introduction of alliteration into Scotland is a difficult one, as well as the period of its being first used ; but I should be glad to have pointed out to me any poem in that metre, previous to the year 1350, composed unquestionably by a native of North Britain. As far as we can at present judge, it must have been borrowed from their southern neighbours, and retained subsequently to the middle of the six- teenth century. Mr. Guest is inclined to place among the earliest specimens the portion of the romance of Alexander, inserted in the splendid copy of the French romance in the Bodleian Library", which he places about the middle of the four- teenth century^. But the writing of this portion is of the reign of Henry the Sixth, nor is there any reason to believe the poem itself very much earlier than the year liOO. A larger portion of the same romance is in a MS, in the Ashmolean Li- brary*, and I possess a transcript of a fragment of an English alliterative romance on the same subject, which would appear from internal evidence to have been com- posed by the author of William and the Werwolf. Of the sources whence the author has availed himself in composing Syr Gawayn and the Grene Kny,l, it now remains to say something. It is professedly not of his own invention, nor founded upon popular tradition, for he expressly refers at 1 Vol. u. p. 172. 2 MS. Bodl. 264. ^ The Rev. W. Conybeare assigns it to so early a period as the end of the thirteenth. lUmtr. p. Ixx. This and many other similar statements by eminent writers, prove that a critical history of English poetry is still a desideratum. * No. 44 paper, fifteenth century. It contains 27 passus, the 18, 19, 20 and 21 of which are in MS. Bodl. 264. NOTES. 305 the commencement to written authority, " in stori stif and strong with lei letteres loken '," and again at the end, Thus in Arthurus day this aunter bitidde. The Brutus hoTcea ther of heres wyttenesse. To my knowledge no English romance of an earlier period than the one before us exists, in which the writer might have found the story he has so ingeniously con- verted to his own purpose ; but on turning to the early Anglo-Norman literature, — an extensive knowledge of which was undoubtedly at this period diffused over Scotland, — I have been more successful. The immediate original of the Grene Kny^t appears to exist in the Roman de Perceval, one of the most celebrated of Arthur's knights, whose adventures were written in verse by Chrestien de Troyes, at the close of the twelfth century, and continued after his death by Gautier de Denet and Manessier, at the beginning of the thirteenth*. This romance was trans- lated into prose in the sixteenth century, and printed in 1530. In this it is related, that king Carados of Vaigue came to Arthur's court to ask for a wife, and receives from the suzerain a lady named Ysenne de Carahais. During the ceremonial of the nuptials an enchanter named EUaures falls in love with the bride, and by ma- gical delusion contrives to take the husband's place. The issue of this intercourse is a son, also named Carados, who is subsequently sent to the court of Arthur by his supposed father, to acquire a knowledge of chivalrous exercises. After a time the monarch resolves to hold a court pleniere in the city of Carlisle ( Cardeuil), for the purpose of conferring the order of knighthood on his young nephew, and com- municates his intention to Gawayne, who highly approves of it. The feast is kept at Pentecost with extraordinary splendor, the ceremony of knighthood takes place, and Arthur, according to his usual practice, is only awaiting some adventure before he proceeds to the banquet, when at this moment a knight hastily rides up, singing an air " hien doulcement," whose appearance is thus described : — " et avoit dessus le bonnet wig cerck, ou pendoit ung chapeau de Jleurs, et estoit vestu de satin verd, fourri de erminnes ; et avoit une espde saincte, dontpuis eust la teste couppie, et en estaient ses renges ou saincture de fine soie, batue en or, et force perles semies par » p. 4, 1. 34. See also p. 27, 1. 690. » Copies of the metrical romance are rare in Great Britain. I have only been able to discover one, in the College of Arms, MS. Anmd. 14 ; but this is imperfect, and does not proceed beyond f. xlvii. of the edition. There is said to exist a second perfect copy in the Advocates Library. In a copy of this romance among the MSS. of the Bibliathegue du Hoi at Paris, Suppl. Fran^ais, No. 430 ; the Episode of Carados and Elaures occurs at fol. 89''. 2r 306 NOTES. dessus." The knight comes to the king, and begs to have a request granted, — to ex- change blow for blow. " How is that ? " said Arthur. " Sire, I will tell you," replied the stranger, " I will deliver my sword to a knight, before your majesty and all the assembly, and if he is able to cut off my head with it at a blow, in case I should af- terwards recover, I will then return him the stroke." Keux, the seneschal, declares he would not accept the proffer for all the world, and brands with the name of fool any one hardy enough to attempt it. The knight, however, persists, and drawing his sword presents it first on one side and then on the other, much to the displeasure of the king, who sees his bravest champions draw back. At last young Carados starts forward, and seizes the weapon. The knight then lays down his head on a block, and Carados, persisting in the enterprise against the wishes of the whole court, raises the sword, and at a blow sends the stranger's head rolling off the length of a lance. The headless trunk immediately rises and takes up the head, which unites as well as ever, and the knight now claims the fulfilment of the conditions, but defers it for one twelvemonth, and on leaving the court reminds Carados strictly to observe the agreement. The court is much troubled at so strange an adventure, and many tears are shed for Carados, who, however, does not seem to regard the peril, but passes the time in feats of arms. At length the prescribed term arrives, and he returns to Carlisle at Pentecost day, when Arthur and his Round Table are assembled as before. The stranger knight again makes his appearance, and demands the accomplishment of the covenant. Carados lays his head on the block, and tells the knight to do his worst. Arthur and his queen both make an effort to save Carados from what appears cer- tain death, but in vain; and the stranger having sufficiently kept them all in suspense, raises his sword, and strikes the neck of Carados, but with the flat side only of the weapon. He then tells him to rise, and reveals to him that he is Eliaures, the en- chanter, his real father, and how it was brought about. He afterwards mounts his horse and departs, leaving Arthur and his knights to celebrate their feast in gladness '. From a comparison of this narrative with the Scotish romance, we may be better able to judge fairly of the merit of the author of the latter, and how far he has drawn on his own inventive powers for the changes and embellishments of the story. We meet with an incident of the same kind in the fabliau of La Mule sans Frein, probably of the thirteenth century. In this Gawayne is the hero, and on behalf of a damsel undertakes a perilous adventure. He arrives at the castle of a giant, sur- 1 Edit. 1530, ff. Id^ — 79''. Southey in his notes to the preface to the Morte d' Arthur, gives an analysis of this story, p. xxxv., and refers it to a Welsh or Breton original. It is most surprising he should have been ignorant of the existence of the metrical French text. See Hid., p. xxvi. NOTES. 307 rounded by a paling, on which are fixed four hundred human heads. The giant re- ceives him civilly, but when he is about to retire to rest, he is ordered to strike off the giant's head, who warns him at the same time, that on the following morning he will have to suffer a similar blow. Gawayne is nothing daunted, and smites the giant's head off, but is infinitely astonished to see the body rise, take it up, and re- place it. He goes to bed, and, strange to say, sleeps tranquilly. The next morning the giant comes with his axe, and awaking Gawayne, reminds him of the disagree- able conditions made the previous evening. The knight holds forth his neck, but it proves to be only a trial of his courage, and the giant praises and embraces him". This is evidently the same story as the preceding one, but diversified according to the fancy or memory of the minstrel. A third adventure of a similar description occurs in the second part of the Roman du Saint Graal, ascribed to Helie de Borron, and manifestly composed subsequent to the romance of Perceval. It is there re- lated of Lancelot du Lac, that in one of his rambles he entered the Gaste Citi, from which issues a knight richly clad, holding a huge axe in his hands. Lancelot cuts his head off with the weapon, on the same conditions as Carados. At the appointed time he returns, and a strong and tall knight, brother of the one beheaded, ap- proaches him, habited " de court, comme celluy qui veultfaire office^' and holding the fatal ghyve, which he had just whetted to make it cut sharper. Lancelot pre- pares to fulfil the conditions, makes a cross on the earth, and kneels down on it. The sole thought that troubles him is of his mistress, queen Guenever. He regrets he had not seen her once more to bid her adieu, and fears death only because it will separate him from her. His tears flow for the first time in his life. He extends his neck, and the tall knight steps back, and aims a blow. Lancelot sees the shadow of the weapon, and eludes it. " Ha I " cried the knight, " my brother, whom you killed, did not act thus, but held his head firm, and so must you do." At this crisis Lancelot is saved by the interference of two ladies from the castle, and the two enemies become friends*. Some points of resemblance will here also be remarked with the Scotish Romance, and it is highly probable that the author may have mingled together several narra- tives for the purpose of rendering his own more attractive. The series of tempta- tions to which Gawayne is exposed, undoubtedly connects it with another traditionary story of his exploits, which I shall have occasion to speak of when I come to the romance of the Cark of Carelyk. To one of the preceding sources, in all probability, was Ariosto indebted for his ' In Meon's Nauv. Rec. des Fabliaux, t. i. p. 1. 8yo, 1823 ; and Le Grand d'Ausay, Fabliaux ou Conies, vol. i. p. 79, ed. 1829. i Roman du St. Graal, ff. U5^, 181, 4to, 1516. 2 R 2 308 NOTES. episode of the necromancer Orrilo, whose powers in replacing his limbs when cut off exceed those of Eliaures : — Se gli spiccano il capo, Orrilo scende. N6 cessa brancolar fin che lo truovi ; Et or pel crine et or pel naso il prende, Lo salda al coUo, e non so con che chiovi : Piglial talor Grifone, e '1 bracchio stende, Nel fiume il getta, e non par ch' anco giovi ; Che nuota Orrilo al fondo come un pesce, E col capo salvo alia ripa esce\ In the Appendix to the present volume will be found a modem rifadmento of this romance of Si/r Gawayn and the Grem Knyyt, printed from the well-known Percy manuscript. P. 3, 1. 1. Sithen the sege Sf the assaut wat^ sesed at Troye, etc. Respecting the claim of the Britons and other nations to a Trojan descent, see the remarks of Thompson, in the preface to his translation of Geoffrey of Mon- mouth, 8vo, 1748 ; Warton's Hist. Engl. Poetr., vol. i. p. 131, note, and Diss, on Rom. Fict., p. xi. ed. 1824; Ritson's Life of Arthur, p. 6, 8vo, 1825 ; and Panizzi's Essay, prefixed to his edition of Boiardo and Ariosto, p. 49, 12mo, 1830. It is adopted by all the romancers, French and English, and introduced into Spenser's Faerie Queen, b. iii, c. 9, st. 38, 41. Thus also the author of the alliterative Mortt Arthur, in the Lincoln MS. A. 1. 17. Thus endis kyng Arthure, as auctors alegges. That was of Ectores blude, the kynge sone of Troye, And of sir Pryamous, the prynce, praysede in erthe ; Fro thethene broghte the Bretons all his bolde eldyrs In to Bretayne the brode, as the Bruytte tellys. Ibid. 1. 5. Hit wat^ Ennias the athel, Sf his highe hynde. The authority for this assertion was doubtless the Latin history ascribed to Dares 1 Orlando Fwrioso, canto xv. st. 71. NOTES. 309 Phrygius, cap. 39, 174, ed. Delph. 1702, although it is corroborated by the more classical names of Dionysius of Halicarnassus and Strabo. Joseph of Exeter in his poem De bello Tryano, composed in the twelfth century, thus versifies Dares : Interea questique diu, bellumque perosi. In foedus coiere Phryges ; juratur in usum Perfidise perjura fides, Antenore dirum Partuiiente nefas ; hujus consulta secuti Ucalegon atque Amphidamas, nee justior ipso Polydamante Dolon, patriisque in damna ruentii Impius et tantis ^neaa consonus ausis. — lib. vi. v. 705. The immediate source, however, made use of by the Scotish poet, may have been the popular Latin romance of Guido de Colonna, compiled in the thirteenth century, which subsequently was translated by Lydgate into English verse. Itnd. 1. 11. Ticius to Tuskan £tumes,'] Sf teldes bigy tines. Unless Ticius is here a mistake altogether for Antenor, the name may possibly have been derived from Titus Tatius, king of the Sabines, and afterwards the col- league of Romulus at Rome. The word supplied is obvious, and rendered certain by several other passages, but I shall only quote one. In to Tuskane he tourney, whenne thus well tymede. Takes townnes fulle tyte, withe towrres fulle heghe, etc. Morie Arthur, f. 80''. Jbid. 1. 1 3. Felix Brutus. This surname seems to be an invention of the writer for the sake of alliteration. I have not met with it elsewhere. t P. 4, 1. 31. As tit as I in toun herde. A phrase by no means unusual. Compare 11. 614, 1049. We may hence reject the emendation of Chalmers, in reading roun for toun in the first stanza of Sir Tristrem. See Works of Sir David Lyndsay, vol. i. p. 128, 8vo, 1806. Ibid. 1. 37. This kyng lay at Camyht, etc. In Malory's Morte d^ Arthur, compiled in 1469, Camalot is expressly declared to be the same as Winchester, b. 12, ch. x. vol. ii. p. 193; but this is contradicted 310 NOTES. by the Roman de Lancelot, vol. iii, f. cxliv'', 4 , and worn upon the breast, with the seal of the Spirit on one side of it, etc. P. 25. 1. 636. For thy thepentangel nwe He ber in schelde and cote. This appropriation of arms to Sir Gawayne is purely imaginary on the part of NOTES. 319 the author, and borne out by no romance authority. In the Devise des Armes des Chevaliers de la Table Ronde, prefixed to the Roman de Gyron la Courtois, fol., his arms are thus blasoned, " Gauvain d' Orcanie portoit de purpre a ung aygle d'or a deux testes, memhries d!a^ur ;" and this is copied by all the writers on the (pre- tended) armorial bearings of the Round Table, down to Richard Robinson, who in that very scarce book, " The Auncient Order, etc., of Prince Arthure,'' 4to, Lond., 1583, tells us in his doggerel lines. In purple shield an Aegle spied All golde Sir Gawayne gaue ; One of the knights most conquerous, Hee merits fame to haue. Amongst them which the Table Rounde Enobled with Renowne By deeds of Arms in Contreyes cause. To bring her foes a-downe. It is certain, however, that the earlier romancers do not uniformly countenance these arms. In the Roman du St. Graal, indeed, pt. ii. ff. cxxxvi^ clxii, Ga- wayne's shield is said to be de sinople, a ung aigle d^or, which device was probably bestowed on him from winning the shield of Judas Maccabeus (ibid. f. cxxx.), bearing the same insignia ; but in the Roman de Merlin, vol. i. f. clxiv, Gawayne's banner is described " de cendal d!lnde, a ung lyon d' argent" and vol. ii. f. Ixxxiii'', his shield, " au lion de sinople, rampant^ So also in the Roman de Lancelot, i, f. xcv'', his shield is blasoned, " le champ de Vescu estoitd'or, et ung lyon degueules." Again in the German romance of Wigalois, 1. 5618, his arms are represented to be " ein wizzer hirz uf einem berge guldin,"and on an ivory carving of the thirteenth cen- tury, representing Sir Gawayne reposing on the enchanted bed, (see Roman de Perceval, f. xl.) we find on his shield a lion's jamb. Consult Ferrario, Storia ed Analisi degli antichi romanzi di Cavalleria, vol. ii. p. 101, 8vo, 1828. By way of adding to this variety, the author of the Awntyrs of Arthure, st. xl. tells us his arms were " grifibnes of golde, engrelede fuUe gaye," with whom agrees the author of the metrical Morte Arthure in the Lincoln MS., fol. 9i'^. Ibid. 1. 648. At this cause the kny^t comlyche hade In the more half of his schelde Mr ymage depaynted. The author has introduced the Virgin on Gawayne's shield in imitation oiPridwen, the famous shield of Arthur, on which her image was similarly depicted. The 320 NOTES, passage in GeoiFrey of Monmouth, lib. ix. c. 3, appears thus in the early English version of Lajamon. He heng an his sweore senne sceld deore ; his nome wes on Bruttisc Pridwen ihaten ; ther wes innen igrauen, mid rede gold stauen, an on-licnes deore of Drihtenes Moder. See my edition of this valuable old poet, now in the press, vol. ii. p. 464, and Notes on the passage. A curious tradition or legend on the subject, evidently com- posed by the Monks at Glastonbury, and intitled " Quedam narracio de nobili rege Arthuro, in sacramento altaris rum plene credente, qualiter confirmatus fuit in fide, foetus vere credens, ei quare mufavit arma sua," is preserved in the Bodleian Library, and together with several other Latin legends relating to the heroes of the Round Table, may hereafter be published by me, accompanied by translations and notes. P. 27. 1.691. The realme of Logres. In the Roman de Merlin, ff. xcvii, cxvii'', Logres is merely the name of London, " la maitresse cite " of Arthur's kingdom, but in the present instance it means En- gland in general. Supposing Gawayne to set out on his expedition from Camelot in Somersetshire, he must have proceeded (in case he did not cross the Severn) through Gloucestershire and adjoining counties into Montgomeryshire, and thence by a very circuitous route to Holyhead, adjoining the isle of Anglesea, from which he passes into the long narrow peninsula of Wirral in Cheshire, the uninhabited and waste state of which in the sixteenth century is borne out by historical facts. (See Or- merod's Cheshire, vol. ii. p. 187.) The knight thence pursues his way over hill and moor, until he arrives at an immense forest, the locality of which would lead us to presume it to be Inglewood forest in Cumberland, which is elsewhere celebrated in romance. The object of his search, " the grene chapel," is stated to be but two miles distant from a castle in this forest, in which Gawayne takes up his abode. Although in cases of this sort the imagination of the romance-writer generally is the sole guide of his pen, yet I cannot help thinking some allusion may be made to the " Chapel of the Grune," which in the older maps of Cumberland is marked as existing on NOTES. 321 the point of land on the western coast running into the aestuary of the Wampool, not far from Skinbumess, which forms part of AUerdale ward, below Derwent, but its history I have in vain searched for in various topographical works. Close to this was Woltsty or Vulstey castle, said to have been built by the Abbots of Holm Cultram, to secure their treasures ; and here also are said to have been preserved the magic books of the wizard Michael Scott. Hutchinson's Cumberland, i. 329, ii. 327, 340, 4to, 1794. P. 30, 1. 774. Jesus and say [saynf] Gilyan. The latter is Saint Julian, who in his character of " the gode herberjour," was noted for supplying way-worn travellers with lodgings in a time of need. See Tyrwhitt's Note on Chaucer, C. T. v. 342. P. 36, 1. 957. That other with a gorger was gered ouer the swyre. The gorger or wimple is stated first to have appeared in Edward the First's reign, and an example is found on the monument of Aveline, countess of Lancaster, who died in 1269. The fashion continued partially during the fourteenth century, for Chaucer's Wife of Bath is so dressed, and the usage may have lasted longer in Scotland than in England. It makes its appearance again in the reign of Henry the Sixth, as appears by the monument of Elizabeth, wife of John de la Pole, duke of Suffolk. It may be observed, however, that from the poem the usage of the gorger would seem to have been confined to the elderly ladies. P. 39, 1. 1022. ITie ioye of sayn Jone-^ day wat^ gentyle to here. This is the 27th of December, and the last of the feast. Sometimes the Christ- mas festivities were prolonged to New Year's Day. P. 43, 1. 1126. This and the succeeding stanza are quoted by Mr. Guest in his "History of English Rhythms," vol. ii. p. 166, accompanied by a translation* which is often faulty, as will be occasionally pointed out in the Glossary. The minute particulars given here and elsewhere of " wode-crafte,'' may seem to have been suggested by the similar passage in the romance of Sir Tristrem ; but whether this be so or not, the present poem has greatly the superiority, both in the extent of the details and the more graphic character given to them. The plan of hunting the deer here described may be explained as follows. On assembling at the kennel, the hounds were called out and coupled, and the hunters blew on their bugles three short moots or notes, which was responded to by the 2 T 322 NOTES. baying of the dogs. The vewiers, or men who judged of the game by the fewte or scent, then proceeded to the stations (trysteres) marked out, and the dogs were cast off. The deer, roused from the dale by the cry, seek refuge in the heights (tlw Jiy^e), but are there driven back by the parties (stablye) appointed, who allow the male deer and bucks to pass, but drive back the hinds and does with shouts; and as they fly, followed by the dogs, they are pierced with arrows, or should they escape the bowmen, are pulled down and killed by the greyhounds at the stations below. Compare the passages in the Awntyrs of Arthure, st. iv. v. ; Romance of Clariodus, p. 246; and Wyntoun, vi. 16, 15, vii. 1, 46. P. 50, 1. 1 327. And didden hem derely vndo, as the dede askej. The process here described may be compared with that in Sir Tristrem, p. 158, and in Dame Juliana Bemer's Book of St. Albans, sign. e. i. edit. 1496. See also La Venerie de Jaques de Fouillaux, 4to, Paris, 1585, cap. 44; and A Jewell for Gentrie, [by T. S.] 4to, Lond., 1614, sign. F. 2. The description runs thus, as far as the obscurity of the technical terms used enables me to interpret it. After taking the assay, or depth of the fat, they slit the slot (the hollow above the breast- bone, or, according to others, the pit of the stomach), and take out the erber (the conduit leading to the stomach), cut it with a sharp knife, and tie up the severed parts ; then rip the four limbs, and rend off the hide. They next open the belly, and take out the bowels, cutting away lustily, and bear away the knot ; then grasping the gargulun, they quickly divide the weasand or guUet from the wind-hole, and throw out the small guts. Afterwards they proceed to carve out the shoulders, by a small aperture, so as to keep the sides whole, and divide the breast in halves. Then beginning again at the gargulun, the deer is slit up to the fork ; the avancers are voided out, and the fillets cut away by the ribs, and so by the ridge-bone even to the haunch, all of which form the noumhles, and are taken away together. By the fork of the thighs they lance the flaps behind, and hew it in two parts by the back- bone. After this the head and neck are cut off, and next the sides severed from the chine ; the raven's bone or fee is cast on a bush, and the sides pierced through and hung upon the houghs of the haunches (?), as the fee of those who were entitled to them. Lastly, they feed. their hounds on the hide, with the liver, lights, and skin of the paunch, mingled with bread dipt in blood, and blow prys, consisting of " two longe notes and the rechate." The latter part of this ceremony, then con- sidered so important, is amply described in the Mayster of the Game, a trea- tise compiled for king Henry the Fifth, when prince ; but the details are passed over as belonging " moor to wodemannys craft than to hunters." See MS. Cott. NOTES. 323 Vesp. B. xii. f. 94. The modem practice of breaking a deer may be found in "L'icole de la Chasse," par M. le Verrier de la Conterie, 8vo, Rouen, 1763, part ii. p. 182. P. 54, 1. 14'40. Long sythenfor the sounder that wi^tfor aide. The meaning of this line is obscure, but it seems to be, that the boar from its age had long since quitted the sounder or herd ; according to the Book of St. Alban's, Now to speke of the boore, the fyrste year he is A pygge of the sounder callyd, as haue I blys ; The seconde yere an hogge, and soo shall he be. And an hoggestere, whan he is of yeres thre ; And when he is foure yere, a boore shall he be. From the sounder of the swyne thenne departyth he ; A synguler is he soo, for alone he woU go. Edit. 1496, Sign, d. i. See abo the treatise on hunting, by Twety, MS. Cott. "Vesp. A. xii. f. S'', and the chapter in the Mayster of the Game, on the wild boar, f. 33. P. 60, 1. 1605. Thmine a wy^e that wat^ wys vpon wod-crafte^, etc. This process of unlacing or undoing the boor is told more at length in the Book of St. Alban's, sign, e, i, and the reward given to the hounds is especially noticed in another passage. Thrugh your houndys by strengthe yf that he be dede. They shall haue the bowelles boyllyd wyth the brede. Sign. d. i''. And so also in the treatise ascribed to Twety, written originally in French, in the time of Edward the Second. " And whanne the boor is itake, he be deffetyd al velue, and he shal haue xxxii hasteletys ; and ye shal jif your houndys the bowellis boyled w' breed, and it is callyd reward, for cause that it is etyn on the erthe, and not on the skynne." — f. 6''. P. 63, 1. 1699. Summefel in thefute, ther the fox bade, etc. That the hunting of the fox was an accustomed sport as early as the beginning of the thirteenth century we have the authority of Lajamon, who in his translation of the JBriit inserts a passage not in his original, in which king Arthur compares the position of Cheldric, in the forest of Caledon, to that of bold Reynard after a chace, 2 T 2 324 NOTES. when he is fain to take to his hole, and is unearthed by his pursuers. See vol. ii. p. 451. A drawing on this subject executed soon after the year 1300, is copied by Strutt in his Sports and Pastimes, from MS. Reg. 2 B. vii. In the Mayster of the Game it is said, " The huntynge for the foxe is faire for the good crie of the houndis that folowene hym so nye, and with so good a wille ; alway thei senten of hym, for he fleth by thik spoies, and also for he stinketh euermore, and with gret payne he wil leeue a couert whan he is therinne,'' etc., f. 42''. Yet notwithstanding this commendation, fox-hunting seems to have been but in little repute in the fifteenth century, and is almost wholly passed over in iheBook of St. Alhan's. The description of the fox-chase given in stanzas xxiii, xxiv, and xxxi, forms one of the most spirited parts of the poem, and are certainly the earliest extant on the subject among Scotish writers. P. 64, 1. 1738. No kwe^ goud on Mr hede, hot the ha^er stones Trased ahovte Mr tressour, etc. The fret in which the hair was confined forms a remarkable feature of the female coifiure in the reigns of Richard the Second and Henry the Fourth, and was com- posed of gold wire studded with precious stones. See Chaucer's Fkmre and the Leafe, 1. 152; Kempe's Introd. to Stothard's Monumental Effigies, p. 15; and Planche's Hist, of Costume, p. 166. Compare also the tracing of the rude illumi- nation in the original MS. of the poem, representing the lady's visit to Sir Gawayne. P. 75, 1. 2015. Fyrst he clad hym in his clothe^, etc. The process of arming is not so minutely described here as in p. 23, but consists merely in putting on the ordinary apparel, and then the armour, namely, a hau- berk (j)aunce), a pair of plates for the back and breast, and a byrny or haburgeon of steel rings, which would almost seem superfluous. Over all these was cast the surcoat of velvet, embroidered with the knight's conisance in precious stones, and furred. P. 77, 1. 2081. Vch Mile had a hatte, a myst-hakel huge. In Chalmers's Caledonia, vol. iii. p. 21 1 , a local proverb is quoted, which bears the same phraseology. When cloudy Cairnmuir hath a hat, Filnour and Skairs laugh at that. Fuller in his Worthies, preserves a similar saying in Cumberland, vol. i. p. 234, 4to, 1811. NOTES. 325 P. 89, 1. 2419. Wat^ blended w* Barsabe. By Barsabe the writer means Bath-sheba, the wife of Uriah the Hittite. See 2 Sam. cap. xi. P. 90, 1. 2446. Thur-^ my:^t of Morgne la Faye, that in my hous lenges, In koyntyse of clergye bi craftes wel lerned ; The maystres of Merlyn, etc. The fame of this lady is known to all readers of romance, and more particularly of the Romance of Merlin, in which a minute description of her personal appearance and accomplishments is given. See Southey's Notes on Morte dArthure, ii. 468. It is acknowledged on all sides that she received her instruction in the art of magic from the "conable klerk" Merlin, and from her proficiency was called " Morgain la fee,'' which our author has rendered " Morgne the goddess." Yet he seems by calling her " the maystres of Merlyn,'' and speaking of her amours with that sage personage, to have unwittingly confounded her with her rival in the science of ne- cromancy, Vivienne, the Lady of the Lake. Merlin's love for the latter, and her deception of him by means of the art he had taught her, are related in various places ; but there is no authority, as far as my reading extends, for the assertion in the poem, beyond that of the writer himself. The cause of Morgain's hate to queen Guenever, alluded to in the text, 1. 2460, was occasioned by an intrigue between the former and a knight named Guyomars, which was discovered and revealed by the queen. Roman de Merlin, i. f. clxxx** ; Roman de Lancelot, i. f. cxcvi ; Le Grand's Fabliaux, i. 152, ed. 1829. In the romance of " Ywaine and Gawin,'' printed in Ritson, a lady says she has a precious ointment, given to her by " Mor- gan the Wise." This undoubtedly refers to the enchantress, and Ritson in his Notes, vol. iii. p. 239, interprets it erroneously. The Prophecies of Merlin attri- bute to the Lady of the Lake a deeper knowledge of magic than Morgain, and a curious story is related of a trial of skill between Morgain, the Lady of Avalon, Sibille, the enchantress, and the queen of North Wales. If, says the compiler, the Lady of the Lake had been there, " toute la svbtiliti du monde y seroit." Morgain conjures up a legion of devils to carry away the Lady of Avalon, but they are re- pulsed, and Morgain herself comes in person, reading her magical book as she ad- vances. Her opponent, however, is prepared for her, and having on a ring, the power of which is such as to obtain instantly whatever the possessor demands, she comes forward to Morgain, and asks for all her clothes, which of course immediately leave the wearer, and Merlin's pupil, to her extreme surprise, finds herself " al so naked as she was borne " in the midst of her attendants ! The Lady of Avalon laughs 326 iSIOTES. at her confusion, but in pity takes off her surcoat, and gives it to the vanquished and angry enchantress. — " 'Ha!' dame, 'fait Morgain, vous m' avez honnye, car Von cuidoit qmjefusse dejeune aage, et ilz mt veu ma chair nue et ridie, et mes rmmelks pendans, et aussi la peau demon ventre, dontla nouvelle sera comptie en maint lieu' ' Morgain,' fait la Dame d'Avallon, 'je sgay certainement que par maintesfoisavez este en vostre lict tovie nue avec maint beau chevalier.' ' En nam Dieu,' fait Mor- gain, ' sej'e y ay este, aussi me suys-je baignie, et oings tous mes membres, dont les chevaliers les iroverent toutes fresches et dures,'" fol. cxxxi**. The author of the poem had therefore good authority for his description of the " auneian" lady. See 1. 961. Cf)e %mX^x^ of 9irti)ure at tlje Cetne Two Manuscripts of this romance exist. Of these one is at present in the Bod- leian Library, which previously belonged to Baynes, Eitson and Douce, and from a transcript of this MS. the poem was first printed ("surreptitiously," says Ritson,) by Pinkerton, in his " Scotish Poems," vol. iii. p. 197, 12mo, 1792, under the title of " Sir Gawan and Sir Galaron of Galloway." He divided it into two parts, and prefixed an argument to each, but his text is extremely incorrect, and, as he was confessedly ignorant of the language, his Glossary exhibits many errors. From this edition, bad as it is, the first twenty-six stanzas were transferred to Sibbald's " Chronicle of Scotish Poetry," 8vo, 1802, vol. i. p. xvii. Another transcript of this MS., made about the middle of the last century, was in the library of Heber (Sale Cat. No. 1121, where it is stated to have been copied " from a MS. penes Nickols,") and was purchased subsequently by Sir Thomas Phillipps, Bart. The second NOTES. 327 copy of the poem is preserved in the library of Lincoln Cathedral, marked A. 1. 17, but is, unfortunately, not quite perfect. From this MS. the romance was again printed by Laing, in his " Select Remains of the Ancient Popular Poetry of Scot- land," ito, 1822, and the deficiencies supplied from Mr. Douce's manuscript. The age of the latter MS. is assigned by Pinkerton and Laing to the reign of Henry the Sixth, but I do not think it can claim a higher antiquity than the period of his successor, or about the years 1460-1480. The Lincoln copy is undoubtedly earlier, being written, with many other pieces in the same volume, between the years 1430- 1440.' It has therefore been judged advisable, in printing this curious poem for the third time, to take the Lincoln MS. for the ground-work of the text, and where defective, inserting the lines from the later copy, the variations of which throughout are very carefully noted. There are many clerical errors in both manuscripts, which were no doubt written in England, and therefore do not present a genuine Sco- tish text, yet enough remains to prove the romance to lie of Northern original. The readings of the Douce MS. are sometimes preferable, but as it is a dangerous prac- tice to attempt to unite copies written at different periods and in different parts of the kingdom, the variations of the later copy have been kept quite distinct. Both the MSS. having been placed by the liberality of the owners, the Dean and Chapter of Lincoln and the late Francis Douce, Esq., for a considerable period in the hands of the editor, an opportunity was thereby afforded of transcribing and collating them more minutely than had previously been possible, and it is believed that the present edition may on that account lay claim to greater accuracy than its predecessors. The authorship of this poem has been generally ascribed to Clerk of Tranent, who is believed, with every appearance of probability, to have lived in the early part of the fifteenth century. The authority on which this supposition rests is a passage in the poem of Dunbar, intitled " Lament for the deih of the Makkaris," written about the year 1507, in which he says, ClerTe of Tranent eik he hes tane. That maid the awnteris of Gawane.' The Maitland MS. reads TTie clerk, which has occasioned Macpherson', and, after him, Sibbald and Heber, to conjecture, that Hucheon or Hugh may have been his christian name, and consequently that the Huchowne of Wyntoun and the Ckrh of Dunbar were the same individual. But this conjecture has no probability in it, and is satisfactorily refuted by the internal evidence of the poem itself. From the simi- • See the description of thia MS. annexed to the Introduction of the present volume. 2 Edit. Laing, vol. i. p. 214. ' Notes on Wyntoun, ii. 364. 328 NOTES. larity of style, the peculiar construction of the stanza, and the subject, it is almost certain, that the writer of the Awntyrs of Arthure must also have been the author' of Golagros and Gawane, and it will hence appear how inconsiderately the compo- sition of these poems has been assigned by Sir Walter Scott% EUis^, Sibbald*, and Tytler* to the thirteenth century 1 The language alone, had it been studied, would prove the error of such an hypothesis, which is more completely demonstrated by the costume of these pieces, and by the structure of the wheel attached to each stanza. Another feature of these poems consists in the repetition of a leading thought or expression, which served to knit the lines together and assist the me- mory, but this is not confined to poems of the fifteenth century, nor indeed to Scotish poetry ; for the usage occurs in Minot's poems, composed in the middle of the fourteenth century, and was borrowed from the middle-age Latin writers, among whom such verses were called serpentine. The sources from which the Scotish writers derived their romance poems has been too hastily referred by Sir Walter Scott to the floating British traditions of Arthur's cycle^ ; an opinion repeated by Leyden', Laing^, and Tytler'. This as- sertion I hold to be true to a very limited extent. Allowing even Sir Tristrem to be the work of a native of Scotland, (which I do not,) nothing is more certain than its derivation from an Anglo-Norman text ; and the same fact is indisputable in the instances of the romances of Sir Gawayne and the Grene Knyyt, and Golagros and Gawane. In regard to the poem which these remarks more particularly apply to, the author refers to " the buke," but whether this is, as often, a mere form of words, I have met with no evidence to prove. It is, however, not to be doubted, that the ground- work of the first portion of the poem is taken from a very popular religious legend among the Latin writers of the middle-age, which is found in various forms, but with the same general outline, — the appearance of a female in torments, who has been punished for her want of chastity, pride, and vanity, and whose salvation is procured by a certain number of masses said for her soul. In my edition of the old English versions of the Gesla Romanorum, printed for the Roxburghe Club, 4to, 1838, will be found several notices on the subject, Notes, p. 528. There is an inedited English poem of the fifteenth century, called " The Trental of St. Gregory," MS. Cott. 1 Ellis commits a grievous error in ascribing the English romance of Ywain and Gawin to Clerk. See Metr. Rom. i. 345. 2 Preface to Sir Tristrem, p. 57, ed. 1833. ^ Ellis, Metr. Rom., i. 129. * Chron. of Sc. Poetr., i. p. xvi. ; but he also assigns the years 1341 — 1371 as its sera. 5 Hist, of Scotland, ii. 359, 8vo, 1829. « Pref. Sir Tristr. p. 57. ^ Compl. Scotl. p. 208. 8 Pop. Poetr. Scotl, pref. to The Avmtyrs. » Hist. Seotl. u, 359. NOTES. 329 Calig. A. II. f. 84'', founded on the same story, in which Pope Gregory plays the part that queen Guenever does in the Scotish romance. It may be worth while to quote a few lines to shew the similarity of the tales. The pope as he at hys masse stode Vpon hys modur he hadde throwjt goode, Prayng to god w' conciens clere. The sothe to knowe as hit were ; And sodenly yn myddes hys masse Ther throw? to hym suche a derkenesse Th' he lakkede ner the dayes ly3t. For hit was derke as mydnyjt. In th' derkenes was myste among, Alle astonyed he stode, so hit stongke ! Be syde he loked vnthur hys lere ; In th' derknes a thyng threw hym nere, A wonthurfuUe grysely creature, Aftur a fend fyred, w' alle here feture ; Alle ragged & rente, both elenge & euelle. As orrybuUe to beholde as any deuelle ; Mowthe, face, eres, and yes Brennede alle fulle of brennyng lyes. He was so agast of th' grysyly goste That yn a sownyng he was almoste. He accosts the spirit, who answers him thus : I am thy modur th' the beere, Th' for vnschryuen dedes so derne In byttyr paynes thus Y brenne. He inquires the cause, and is told it is the consequence of her living in lusts and refusing to confess. The pope lette teres adown renne. And to hys modyr he sayde then. Telle me now, modur, for loue of Mary, flour. If any thyng may the help or sokour, Bedes or masse thy penaunce to bye, Or ony fastyng thy sorowe to aleye ? She requires a (rental of masses, and then departs. It need scarcely be remarked how immeasurably the Scotish poet has the ad- vantage over the English writer. 2u 330 NOTES; Of the second part of the romance I have not been so fortunate as to find the prototype, but in the Marie d! Arthur of Malory, professedly compiled from the French, Syr Galleron of Galway is introduced as a knight of the Table Round, " the whiche was a noble knyghte, and had done many dedes of armes, and he was a large knyght of flesshe and boone," vol. ii. p. 197. Of his " many dedes of armes" scarcely any information is given, but we find him again included among the knights who watch together for the purpose of surprising Lancelot du Lac in queen Gue- never's chamber. " And these were their names : Syr Colgreuaunce, Syr Mador de la Porte, Syre Gyngalyne, Syr Melyot de Logrys, Syre Petypase of Wynchelse, Syr Galleron of Galway, Syr Melyon of the Montayne, Sir Astamore, Syre Gromore Somorjoure [read Grummors sone], Syr Curselayne, Syr Florence, Syr Louel. So these twelue knyghtes were with Sir Mordred and Sir Agrauayne, and al they toere of Scotland, ovther of Syr Gawayn's kynne, outher well willers to his bre- theren." — M&rte d Arthur, vol. ii. p. 392. P. 95, St. i. 1. 2. By the Term Wahethelyne. This is still the name of a small tarn or lake, Which covers about an hundred acres of land in the forest of Inglewood, near Hesketh in Cumberland. Towards the north-east end were the remains, in 1794, of an ancient castle, called popularly Castle Hewin. Hutchinson's Cumberland, i. 491. The spot is again alluded to in the romance-tale or ballad on the Marriage of Sir Gawayne, printed by Percy, ReHques, iii. 351, ed. 1794, and reprinted in the Appendix to the present volume. Consult Ritson's King Arthur, p. 93. Ibid. St. i. 1. 3. Carekle. Carlisle in Cumberland is here evidently intended, but in the French romances we always find Cardueil, which is represented to be " en la marche de Galles " in the Mom. de Perceval, f. Ixxvi*", where we may Conclude that Caerleon on Usk, in Monmouthshire, may be meant. See Lady C Guest's Note on the Mabinogion, pt. i. p. 87. , P. 96, St. iii. 1. 4. That borne was in Surgoyne. This must refer to the birth-place of Gawayne's steed, since neither himself nor the Queen were born in Burgundy. Perhaps, however, it is a poetical license, for' the sake of the alliteration. NOTES. 331 P. 99, St. viii. 1. 5. Sir Cadore, Sir Caduke, Sir Costarde, Sir Kaye. Cador was earl of Cornwall, and acts a conspicuous part in the Brut. He was slain with the flower of the knights of the Round Table in the battle against Mor- dred, and his son Constantine succeeded Arthur in the kingdom. Mr. Douce's MS. reads Sir Cleges, whose name occurs several times in the Morte cP Arthur, and of whom exists a romance printed by Weber, vol. i. p. 331. Sir Caduke is doubtless Sir Cradock (the Carados of French romance,) who is the hero of the amusing tale of The Boy and the Mantle, in Percy, vol. iii. p. 3. Sir Costarde is probably a false reading for Constantyne, Cador's son ; and Sir Kaye is the well-known Sene- schal of Arthur. P. 102, St. xii. 1. 2. Than Beryke or Brangwayne. Brangwayne is sufficiently well known as the accommodating attendant of La belle Iseult, (see Scott's Notes on Sir Tristrem, pp. 418, 450, and Michel's Tristan, ii. 163, 12mo, 1835); but of the other lady, Beryke, or Berelle (as Douce's MS. reads,), no mention has been found, either in French or English romancers. P. 103, St. xiii. 1. 11. JVowe moyse one this mirroure, etc. Compare some corresponding lines in Golagros and Gawane, 1. 1230. P. 104, St. xvi. 1. 7. My modir. The name of queen Gayenour's or Guenever's mother is not here expressed, nor have I met with it elsewhere. According to romance authority she must have been the wife of Leodegan, king of Carmelide. The vices she accuses herself of are imaginary, and introduced from the old religious legend, invented for the purpose of shewing the eflScacy of confession and mass. P. 108, St. xxii. 1. 2. The Frolo and the Farnaghe. Arthur's combat with, and victory over Frolo, the tribune or governor of Gaul under the Romans, is related by Geoffrey, lib. ix. cap. 11, and amplified afterwards bv Wace and La3amon. The same personage is introduced into the Roman de Merlin, p. ii. f. ix, and Roman de Lancelot, ii. f. Ixiv"*. Who is meant by the Far- naghe, I am at a loss to discover, and from the reading of Douce's MS. one would suspect some error here. In the inedited Morte Arthure, Fortune says to the British monarch, 2u2 332 NOTES. Fownde abbayes in Fraunce, the froyte? are thyne awene. Fore FrolU, and for Ferawnt, and for thir ferse knyghttis. That thowe fremydly in Fraunce has faye be-leuede. MS. Line. f. 89. This Sir Feraunt was slain by Sir Florent, in a battle between Sir Gawayne and the Lorainers and Lombards, ib. f. SS**. Compare Malory's Morte d' Arthur, book v. cap. 11. It may be remarked that the reading of the Douce MS. in the latter part of the line is fully confirmed by the passage quoted above. P. 109, St. xxiii. 1. 1. A hnyghie salle kenly, etc. Few readers of romance will have to be reminded that the traitor Mordred, ge- nerally termed Arthur's nephew, but in reality his bastard son by the wife of king Loth, is here intended. According to Malory, book xxi. cap. 1, he was crowned at Canterbury. For a personal description of Mordred, see Roman de Lancelot, ii. f. Ixix. His treason was first communicated to Arthur, after the final defeat of the Romans, in Tuscany. Ibid. St. xxiii. 1. 8. Se-si/de Bnmessaye, fuUe ryghte at a rydynge ; And at Porsett salle dy doghetyeste ofalle. The scene of the fatal battle with Mordred is placed by Geoffrey of Monmouth and his followers near the river Camel in Cornwall, which by French writers and many of our modern historians is called Camlan. Lajamon, the trans- lator of Wace in the reign of King John, adds from himself, that the precise spot was at Camelford. See my edition of that writer, vol. iii. p. 141. The author of a short metrical Brut, in the MS. Red Book of Bath, calls it Camelerton. It is therefore difficult to explain the statement in the passage above cited, which is manifestly erroneous, and opposed to the stanza immediately following, in which the writer says " upponne Cornewayle coste." Sir Thomas Malory, apparently without any authority, removes the action to "a doune besyde Salysbury," vol. ii p. 436. Ibid. St. xxiv. 1. 7 that beris of sabille A sawtire engrelede, ofsiluerfulh scheme. This is also an invention of the poet, and not in accordance with the romance au- h orities, which state Mordred's arms to have been similar to his half-brothers, " de NOTES. 333 pourpre a un aigle ct deux testes dHor, membrdes de mesmes, a un chef d'arffent." See La Devise, etc., des Chevaliers de la Table Monde. P. 110, St. XXV. 1. 9. In the Lincoln MS. the scribe has negligently in- serted in the place of this line the last five lines of st. xviii., but with some varia- tions from his previous text, as follows : To mene me w' meffes grete mede to the it were ; Bot for hym y raghte was one rode, Gyffe fafte of thi gude — Whilles J)' Jou arte here. To Jam' fat fayles the fude, P. 1 1 1, St. xxvi. 1. 12. To Rondolfe sett haulle. Of Randulphs, or Randals Hall, I have been unable to fix the locality. It may be, as in other instances, an imaginary spot. P. 113, St. XXX. 1. 12. And his cheuarone by-fome Stode als ane vnycorne, etc. Cheuarone is here used for the chanfron or chanfrain, i. e. the piece of armour which protected the horse's head. Sir S. Meyrick states. Critical Inquiry, vol. ii. p. 143, that the invention of a spike in front of the chanfron is to be assigned to the end of Henry the Sixth's reign ; and Planche, in his Hist, of Costume, p. 205, says " chanfrons, with spikes projecting from them, were adopted about 1467." Were this true, the date of the poem before us would be brought lower than the period we are from other circumstances justified in considering it to belong to. In an inventory dated 1316,. I find mention made of two " chanfrains dorej, et un de cuir," and in the Assises HierosolymifancB, which Sir S. Meyrick considers to belong to the reign of Edward the Third, we have in cap. 95, the following passage, " Et le cheval doit estre convert de couverture de fer (as in the present poem, st. xxx. 1. 6,) et avoir une testiere defer, et enmi la testiere unebroche defer, telle come celle de I'escu." See Crit. Inq. i. 124. P. 115, St. xxxiii. 1. 3. Of Konynge, of Carryhe, of Conynghame, of Kylle, Of Lomonde, of Lenay, of Lowthyane hillis. For Konynge the Douce MS. reads Connok, which is right, as confirmed by st. liii, 1. 3. The parishes of Old Cumnock and New Cumnock, in Ayrshire, were for- merly comprehended in one, and constituted a barony, which in the fourteenth cen- 334 NOTES. tury belonged to the earls of March. See Chalmers's Caledonia, iii. 521. The same writer says it is difficult to decide when the Celtic districts of Carrick, Cu- ningham, and Kyle were formed into the present county of Ayrshire, and that in the time of Henry the Third Carrick was described as being in Galloway, a name ap- plied loosely to the whole peninsula between the Solway and the Clyde, including Annandale and Ayrshire. By the ancient division of this county Carrick occupied the southern side of the Doon ; Kyk, the space between the rivers Doon and Irvine ; and Cuningham the whole territory on the north of the last-mentioned river. Ibid. iii. 249, 446. Lomonde is in Dumbartonshire, and for Lenay, or, as MS. Douce reads, Losex, we should probably read Lenaux, Lennox, an ancient district now partitioned between the counties of Stirling and Dumbarton. P. 117, St. xxxvii. 1. 7. By that, one Plutone land apalais was pi}t. Perhaps Plumpton Park or Land is alluded to, situate in the parish of Lazenby, Leath ward, Cumberland, about six miles from Penrith. P. 118, St. xxxviii. 1. 1. Krudely, the erles sone of Kent. I can find no such person among the knights of Arthur's court. P. 119, St. xl. 1. 2. Griffones ofgolde. See Note on the previous poem, 1. 686. P. 122, St. xlvi. 1. S. Stones ofiral they strenhel and strewe. The absence of this and of numerous other terms which occur in the present and following poems from Jamieson's Dictionary, induces me unwillingly to believe, that his work was executed but carelessly. The Doctor, had he pleased, might have found the word repeated in another piece he professes to have consulted. Hir peytrelle was of irah fyne, Hir cropoure was of orphar^ And als clere golde hir brydille it schone ; One aythir syde hange bellys three. Thomas off Ersyldoune, MS. Line, A. 1. 17, f. 149''. The meaning of the term, I confess, I am ignorant of. This practice of wearing precious stones on the armour became very general during the fourteenth NOTES. 335 and fifteenth centuries, and the allusions to it in this and the succeeding poem are extremely frequent. So in a curious passage in the inedited Morte Arthure: Thane rysej the riche kynge, and rawghte one his wedys ; A reedde actone of Rosse, the richeste of floures, A pesane, and a paunsone, and a pris girdelle. And one he henttes a hode of scharlette fulle riche ; A Pauys pillione hatt, that pighte was fulle faire W* perry of the oryent, and precyous stones ; His gloues gayliche gilte, and grauene by the heramys, W* graynes of rubyes, fulle gracious to schewe. MS. Line. A. 1, 17, f. agb. P. 125, St. li. 1. 4. Syr Owaynefyt^ Uryene, and Arrake, fulle rathe, Marrake, and Menegalle, that maste were ofmyghte. The reading of the Douce MS. Arrahfi^ Lake, is the more preferable. See with regard to this hero and Sir Owayne, the notes on the previous poem, 11. 113, 551. The third on the list is called Syre Mewreke in the romance of Syre Gawene and the Carle of Carelyle, 1. 34, and appears to be the same as " Sir Marroik, the good knyghte, that was bitrayed with his wyf, for she made him seuen yere a werwolf," in Malory's Morte d! Arthur, ii. 385, and on a similar story is founded the Lai de Bisclaveret of Marie, ed. Roquefort, tome i. p. 179. For Menegalle {Moylard, MS. Douce,) we should perhaps read Menadeuke, a knight of Arthur's table frequently joined to the former, as in the following passage : Sir Ewayne and Sir Errdke, and othire gret lordes ; Demenys the medilwarde menskefully thare aftyre. With Merrake and Menyduke, myghtly of strenghes. MS. Line, gsb. Both of these heroes were slain in the battle against Mordred. Ibid. f. 97''. P. 126, St. lii. 1. 4. Gryffons castelle, etc. I must leave the illustration of this and the two following lines to those who may be more able to give it than myself. The readings of the Douce MS. make the localities still more perplexing than in the text. 336 NOTES. P. 126, St. liii. 1. 2. Alle the hmdes and the lyihes,fra Lowyke to Layre, The Lebynge, the Lowpynge, the Leveastre lie. To elucidate the names of places probably disfigured by the English scribes of the MSS. requires more local knowledge than I possess, and no assistance has been derived from Macpherson's Geographical Illustrations, 4to, 1796, who ought to have had the passage before him. I heartily recommend the task to some Scotish antiquary. P. 128, end. In YggiUwodefareste, at the Termvaihelayne. Inglewood forest in Cumberland was of great extent, being sixteen miles long and ten broad, lying between the rivers Shawk and Eden, and reaching from Car- lisle to Penrith. It formerly abounded with deer, wild swine, and other beasts of the chace. In the Chronicle of Lanercost, under the year 1280, it is said that king Edward the First hunted there, and killed two hundred harts and hinds. The writer of the poem therefore in making this the scene of Arthur's adventure, ren- ders his romance authority of greater credit, by its being supported by historical probability. (iolagros anti <2la\i3atte» THE present poem is so intimately connected with the preceding one in subject and style, that the authorship of both has been almost by general consent ascribed to one and the same writer, and consequently to the same period. Unfor- tunately no manuscript of the work is now known to exist, either in Scotland or England, and the only copy that can be traced is the one formerly contained in the Asloan MS. in the Auchinleck library, written about 1515, but sub- NOTES; 337 sequently, together -with many other pieces of interest, severed from the volume. In the index of contents still remaining it is entered as " Sir Golagrus and Sir Gawane." For its preservation from total oblivion we are indebted to the earliest efforts of the Scotish press, established at Edinburgh, in 1508, by Chepman and Myllar, and it is, perhaps, owing to the popularity of their edition, that we find Gauen and Golla- gras mentioned among the tales enumerated in the Complaynte of Scotland, 1549. In Lyndsay's Historic of Squyer MeMrum, composed about the same period, we also read, Rolland with BrandweU, his bricht brand, Faucht never better, hand for hand. Nor Gawin aganis Gologras, Nor Olyver with Pharambras. Vol.\\.p. 296, ed. 1806. From the unique copy of. the black-letter 4to edition of 1508, preserved in the Advocates' Library, it was negligently reprinted by Pinkerton in his Scotish Poems, vol. iii. pp. 67-123, who divided it into four parts, and added an argument to each ; and it appeared again, together with other pieces of Chepman and Myllar, in a limited fac-simile impression at Edinburgh in 1827. From this volume (which is now become extremely scarce, owing to a fire having destroyed most of the copies,) it is here reproduced in ordinary type, with no other changes than a substitution of the Saxon p/or its inadequate representative y, the rejection of obvious errors of the press (which are, however, retained at the foot of the page), and the use of regular punctuation, which is wholly omitted in the original. I have already had occasion to advert to the error of Scott and others, in as- signing these poems to the thirteenth century ; an opinion chiefly founded " on the comparative absence of French words and phraseology, so fashionable in Scotland after the time of Robert Bruce." [1306-1329.] Now we learn from a curious passage in the inedited Latin chronicle attributed to Walter of Coventry, that as early as the reign of William the Lion the Scotbh court had adopted the manners, dress, and even langvMge of France', and this taste continued to prevail more or less to a comparatively recent period, and must have had considerable influence on Scotish literature in general. That such was the case at the close of the fourteenth century we have abundant proof in the various poems presumed to have been com- 1 " Moderniores enim Scottonun reges magis se Francos fatentur, sicut genere, ita moribus, lingua, cultu, Scotisque ad extremam servitutem redactis, solos Francos in familiaritatem et obsequium ad- hibent."— ilfonor. Histw. ad am. 1212, MS, C.C.C.C. 2x 338 NOTES. posed by Huchowne, which exhibit not only a familiar acquaintance with French compositions, but abound with words and phrases borrowed from that language. Yet, as it is nearly certain on other grounds that the present poem was composed in the first half of the fifteenth century, the argument of Scott necessarily falls to pieces. But the author of the prefatory remarks to the fac-simile reprint, in 4to, 1827, writes thus, "Had this romance, like so many of the English metrical romances, been a translation, it is unlikely that the author would have encum- bered himself with such an intricate mode of versification ; and therefore, it may be entitled to claim the praise of an original composition." — p. 8. To this it may be replied, that there is no reason why a Scotish writer, even when translating or imitating a foreign original, should not use whatever form of verse was popular in his own country (as in the case of Rauf Coibfiwr), and that this peculiar allite- rative stanza was the most cultivated is evident from the numerous poems still re- maining in it, even so late as the sixteenth century. But without further " fending and proving," the plain fact is this ; that the author of Gohgras and Gawane has borrowed the entire outline of his romance from the French Roman de Perceval. An abridgement of the original, as it appears in the prose version, printed in 1530, will best serve to shew the close imitation of the Scotish writer, and the fallacy of believing in " floating Celtic traditions." King Arthur sets out with fifteen knights, amongst whom was Sir Gawayne, to undertake the delivery of Girflet. son of Do, from the Chateau Orgueilleux, where he had laiii4)risoner for three years. They issue from a forest into a plain of great extent, where the king is so fatigued with his journey and fasting, that he requires both meat and repose. They stop under a tree, by the side of a fountain, and Gawayne points out to Kay (Keux) , the Seneschal, a mansion in a valley, to which the latter at once proceeds, in the hope of procuring some provisions. He finds only an old woman in the house, and no eatables of any sort; but the old woman tells him, that at no great distance was a castle, built by the Seigneur de Meliolant, where he generally amused himself with his hawks. She points it out to him, and Kay perceives that it is well environed with fish-ponds, woods, meadows, windmills, and or- chards, in the midst of which stood a fair tower. Kay spurs his horse, rides up, and passes the drawbridge, but encountering nobody, he enters a spacious hall, and perceives a chimney with a large fire burning in it, at which a dwarf is diligently roasting a fat peacock on a spit made of apple-tree wood. The Seneschal inquires if any other person is within, but the dwarf does not deign to answer him, at which Kay is so angry, that he is near killing the dwarf on the spot. He restrains himself however, and merely says, he will take the pea- cock for his dinner, and for the king's repast. The dwarf swears he shall not have it, and tells him he will fare ill, if he does not depart quickly. After some more mutual ill lan- guage Kay strikes the dwarf such a blow, that he falls against the pillar of the chimney. He cries out lustily, and at the noise a door opens, and a tall fair knight enters the hall, not NOTES. 339 yet thirty years of age. He wore a robe of white eamit, furred with ermine^ and fastened by a girdle of gold, of great value. He led a greyhound by a green sflk lace, and when he saw his dwarf bleeding, he asks of Kay why he had thus mal-treated his servant? The Seneschal replies rudely, on which the knight inquires his name. On being told, he says, that he would easily have been known by his manner of speaking, (a direct allusion to Kay the ci'abbed) and adds, that as it is not the custom of his house to refuse any viands asked for, Kay shall certainly have his share of the peacock. He then takes the bird, and strikes the Seneschal with it on the neck so violently, that he falls flat on the floor. The peacock is broken by the force of the blow, and the hot gravy runs in between the rings of Kay's hau- berk, and scalds him cruelly, so that he bore the mark about his neck the remainder of his life. The knight then throws the remains to his greyhounds, and tells the Seneschal to leave the place ; two attendants turn him out, and he returns much mortified to Arthur, to whom he relates what had taken place. Arthur does not credit Kay's representation, but sends Ga- wayne. He is received courteously by the knight, who invites the king and his companions to the mansion. They are entertained sumptuously, and Kay is ridiculed by all, the dwarf not excepted. The knight then discloses his name, which is Ydier le Bel, and offers to ac- company Arthur to the Chateau Orgueilleux, but this is declined, and on the following day they take their leave.— fol. 103'' — 105. The above analysis comprehends the first eighteen stanzas of the poem before us. Let us now proceed to another portion of the same romance. Arthur and his knights, accompanied by Brandelis (who will figure also in the Jeaste of Syr Gawayne), proceeds to the siege of the Chateau Orgueilleux (which is clearly identical with the castle of Gologrus). Soon after their arrival a horn is sounded from the castle, and on Arthur's inquiring the cause of Brandelis (who here takes the part of Spynagros), he is told, it is to warn the country of the approach of their forces. Knights approach on all sides to succour the lord of the castle, and three thousand shields and gonfanons are displayed from the walls. Lucan, the royal butler, asks to have the honour of jousting on the first day, which is granted. The place of combat is marked out by four olive trees, and the conditions are such, that whoever passed the bounds, was to be accounted recreant, and detained. Lucan forces his adversary from his horse, but contents himself with bringing back the steed as a proof of his victory, leaving the knight in the field. He is blamed by Brandelis for so doing, and on returning to the field, is encountered by another knight, wounded severely, and taken prisoner. Brandelis goes out the following day, and brings back his opponent prisoner to Arthur's camp. On the third day Kay undertakes the joust, and conquers his opponent, but violates the rules by going beyond the boundaries. The bells of the churches in the castle now sound, and Arthur is informed that the besieged are about to celebrate a festival in honour of the Virgin. Arthur therefore spends the day in hunting, and Gawayne rides out by himself, and meets the Riche Souldoyer, who is lord of the castle, and who had an appointment with a lady. The night is passed in great joy by the besieged — "grand bruit feirenf meneatriers, de cars, tabours, Jieuties et trompes hjouer," — until midnight. The 2x2 340 NOTES. succeeding day Ywain has the joust, and takes his adversary prisoner, the son of Count Blandigant of Ireland. Gawayne inquires of him who will joust on the next day, on the part of the besieged. He is assured that the Eiche Souldoyer himself means to come forth. Gawayne asks of Arthur to be allowed the combat. It is granted, and Arthur lends him his famous sword Escalibor. On Gawayne's coming into the field, a horn is heard to sound four times, and is explained by BrandeUs to signify by the first blast, that the Riche Souldoyer was about to arm himself; by the second and third, that his jambes, cuisses, hauberk, and helm were adjusted i and by the fourth, that he was mounted. The combat between this re- doubtable knight and Gawayne is conducted with great strength and valour on both sides, and lasts till midday had passed. Gawayne sees his adversary's strength is failing, and deals him such a blow, that both combatants fall prostrate on the earth. Gawayne, how- ever, recovers himself first, and commands the knight to yield, who refuses, and only utters some lamentations touching his mistress. Gawayne takes off the knight's helmet, who in- quires his conqueror's name, and on learning it, he prays him for the sake of preserving the life of his amie, to accompany him to the castle, promising that he would afterwards be at the king's pleasure. Gawayne consents, and they return together. Arthur is utterly dis- consolate, thinking his nephew is made prisoner, — " tel courroux en a le Roy pris, que pitta ne le peult regarder, ains s'en va sur ung lict geiir, ou de son manteau le chief se couvrit." On the approach of the knight and Gawayne, the lady is summoned, and Gawayne pushes his complaisance so far, as to give up his sword into her hands, and declares himself van- quished. She is then sent away, under the pretence of furnishing the chambers above, and as soon as she has left them, the knight causes Girflet, son of Do, and Lucan to be freed from their imprisonment, and the four, having arrayed themselves in rich robes, ride to Ar- thur's camp, to the great astonishment of the king and his barons. The Riche Souldoyer then states the circumstances of his defeat, and concludes by doing homage to Arthur for his lands, which is repeated by the knights his retainers. They feast and revel for a fort- night, and Arthur then takes his departure for Britain. — fol. 113 — US'". It will readily be seen that this adventure occupies the remainder of the Scotish poem, from the nineteenth stanza to the end. P. 136, 1. 119. Schir Kay is crahbit ofkynde. This is the constant character of Kay, both in the French and English romances of the Round Table, and crabbed seems to have been the epithet peculiarly appro- priated to him. See The Grene Knight, 1. 160; The Turhe and Gowin, 1. 19 ; and Carh of Carlile, 1. 147. This character of him is also alluded to in the inter- lude of Thersites, (written in 1537,) in the passage, Where art thou, Gawayne the curtesse, and Cay the crabbed? Brit. Bibl. i. 172. NOTES. 341 For further information respecting this worthy, see the Mabinogion, part i. p. 97 ; and Southey's Notes to Morte eF Arthur, ii. 459, 486. P. 141, 1. 261. Than schir Spynagrose with ^eche spak to the king. This name is not an invention, for among the knights of Arthur's court is men- tioned " Syr Epynogrys that was the kynges sone of Northumberland," Morte d' Ar- thur, vol. ii. p. 385. He is mentioned in the Roman de Tristan, ii. f. xc, under the name of " Espinogres nd de Sorolois," and in the Roman de Perceval, f. clxviii. A knight of the same name occurs in the Conte de I'Atre Perilleux, one of Sir Ga- wayne's adventures. JBibl. des Romans, Juillet, 1777. P. 143, 1. 302. And socht to the ciete of Criste. I do not recollect any other authority for this expedition of Arthur to Jerusalem, which seems to have been intended by the author as an imitation of Charlemagne's equally imaginary but better known travels to the same city ; on which subject may be consulted M. Michel's Preface to " Charlemagne, an Anglo-Norman poem of the twelfth century," etc., 12mo, Lond., 1836. Ibid. 1. 310. To Rom£ tuke the reddy way. So reads the edition, but falsely. It should be Rone, as is evident by comparing 11. 585, 1345. P. 144, 1. 339. And auenand schir Ewin. See a previous note, p. 312. P. 146, 1. 395. Schir Golagrus. Whence this name? Can it be recognised in the Sir Gahgars of Malory? vol. i. p. 95. P. 149, 1. 464. Gapand gunnys of brase. If we may believe Barbour, (who died in 1396,) the Scots first became acquainted with the use of artillery in the year 1328, but this requires confirmation. Twa noweltyis that day thai saw. That forouth in Scotland had been nane ; Tymmeris for helmys war the tane That thaim thoucht thane off gret bewte ; 342 NOTES. And al sua wondyr for to se; The tothyr, crakya war off wer. That thai befor herd neuir er. The Bruce, xiv. 168, ed. Jamieaon. P. 152, 1. 545. Gatidifeir ; Quhilum in Sritane that heme had haronyis braid. Intended, apparently, for the personage who occurs in the romance of Perceforest, as the hero's brother, and who was himself made king of Scotland by the conqueror Alexander. See cap. xxviii. ed. fol. Par. 1531. I do not find his name among Arthur's knights. P. 153, 1. 557, Galiot. This name as well as the remainder of those given to the knights on the side of Golagros seem to have been invented by the writer. P. 154, 1. 597. Schir Rannald. He is mentioned in Malory's Morte d' Arthur, vol. i. p. 175 ; ii. 384. P. 157, 1. 661. ^chir Lyonel, etc. For the first three of these knights, see a previous note, p. 31S. The fourth, G^romosfewce (printed erroneously Siromelans in the prose edition of 1530), occurs frequently in the Bonum de Perceval. He fights with Sir Gawayne, and afterwards marries Clarissant, the sister of his opponent, fol. liii''. P. 160, 1. 747. Schir Cador of Cornwel, etc. Consult note, ante p. 331. Although all termed "renkis of the Round Tabill," I have looked unsuccessfully for Schir Owales, or Oviks, Schir Iwell, or Schir My- reot, unless the latter be Syr Melyot de Logres, in Malory's work, vol. ii. p. 383. P. 165, 1. 878. Oft in romanis T reid, Airly sporne, late speid. If by romanis we are here to understand the French language, we have a pro- verb equivalent to " Mauvaise haste n'est preus," in Renart le Nouvel, v. 1034, written by Jacquemars Gielee at the end of the thirteenth century. But there is NOTES. 343 a homely Scotish and English saying to the same effect, — " Mair haste tlw waur speed, quoth the tailor to the lang threed." See Ramsay's Poems, vol. ii. p. 60, 12mo, Glasg., 1797. P. 167, 1. 934). With ane bitand brand, burly and braid, Quhilk oft in battale had bene his bute and his belde. It is stated in the Roman de Merlin, f. ccix'', that on occasion of the ceremony of knighthood conferred on Sir Gawayne, Arthur girded his nephew with his famous sword Escalibor, vol. i. f. ccix*", and we find the weapon remaining for a period in Gawayne's hands, for one of his exploits with it is to cut down his father Loth, whom he does not recognise till he alights to cut off his head. Ibid. vol. ii. f. liii. So also in the Roman de Lancelot, i. f. cxxxi*", Gawayne is represented as fighting with Escalibor against Hector des Mares. At what period this sword was returned to Arthur we are not informed, but we find it borrowed again at the time Sir Ga- wayne is about to encounter the Riche Souldoyer. See Roman de Perceval, f. cxvii. Instances of the fanciful epithets given by heroes to their swords abound in old ro- mances, and Warton tells us in a note on Spenser's Fairy Queen, B. v. c. 3, st. 4, that Sir Gawayne's sword was named Galantine. What authority he had for this I am not aware, but I find something like it in the inedited Morte Arthure. Then Syr Gawayne was glade, agayne hyme he rydej, Wythe Galuthe, his gude swerde, graythely hyme hyttej ; The knyghte one the coursere he cleuede in soudyre, Clenlyche fro the croune his corse he dyuydyde. And thus he killej the knyghte w' his kydd wapene. MS. Line, A. \, 17, f. 68. In a MS. which formerly belonged to Dr. Macro, No. 18, and is now in the pos- session of Hudson Gurney, Esq., written in the reign of Edward the First, 1 was the first to discover the following curious memorandum at f. 42'', relative to the sword of Grawayne : — " ffec est forma gladii Walwyn militis : a puncta usque ad hilte 53 pollices ; hyfte continet, ii. pollices et dimidii ; manicle prope, ii, pollices ; pomes continet prope 8 pollices ; latitudo 5 pollices ; longi^ido in toto continet 66 pollices et dimidii. Unde scribere in canello gladii : IeO SU forth, TRENCHAUNT & DURE, Galaan me fyth par mult grant cure. • Catobse anz Ihesu cristh, Qbant Galaam me trbmpa & fyth. 344 NOTES. SaOE FELOUN DEYT HOMME nUTTR & FOLH FELOUN ESCHWER ; FoLH DEBONEYRE DEPORTER, & SAQE DEBONER AMER." In the Roman du St. Graal, vol. ii. f. cxli., may also be found an account of Ga- wayne's winning the famous sword with which John the Baptist was decollated, which is afterwards presented to king Pescheor, the professor of the holy vessel. And the reader may now decide for himself which sword it is that the author of the poem alludes to. P. 179 1 1. 1233. Hectour, and Alexander, etc. Six out of the eight names here mentioned are taken out of the number of the nine worthies. The remaining three are Charlemagne, Godfrey of Boulogne, and king Arthur. They are separately enumerated in the metrical Morte Arthure, MS. Line, A. 1. 17, f. 89, and " Arte ballet of the Nine Nobles," printed in Laing's Popular Poetry of Scotland, 4to, 1 822. They made a figure not only in poetry, but in pageantry and tapestry. P. 182, L 1313. .... fra thyne vnio Ronsiwall. I presume the allusion here refers to the fatal scene of Charlemagne's overthrow at Roncevalles. i>gte ^r (iabapne* THIS imperfect poem is taken from a small quarto MS. which was purchased at the Fairfax sale at Leeds castle in 1831, and subsequently came to the hands of Mr. Douce, who bequeathed it with the rest of his books to the Bodleian Library. The volume was written in 1564, as appears by a date at the end, and contains several other romances, all unfortunately more or less imperfect, and all, ap- parently, transcribed from early black-letter editions. Each romance is illustrated with rude drawings, and from their style, as well as the age of the MS. it is evident that the collection was made by the same hand which transcribed the romance of Roberte the Deuyll, printed by J. Herbert in 1798. No copy of the original, from which the present poem was copied, is now known to exist ; but it appears from the Stationers books, that in 1557 or 1558 John Kynge had a license to print "A NOTES. 349 Jeaste of Syr Gawayne" and among Bagford's Collections, MS» Harl. 5927, art. 32, is preserved the last leaf of another edition in black letter, " Imprynted at London in Paule churche yarde, at the sygne of the maydens heed, by Thomas Petyt," con- taining fifty-three lines, which have been collated with the text in the MS., and the variations, which are trifling, noted in the margin. It is no doubt this romance which is alluded to, under the title of " Sir Gawyn" by Laneham, in his letter de- scribing the entertainment of the Queen at Kenilworth in 1575. Of what antiquity the story may have been in an English dress, it is difficult to form an opinion, but I should be inclined to refer it to the fifteenth century. The original author, how- ever, in this instance, as in so many others, is French, and in the Roman de Per- ceval, f. Ixxiv*", we meet with the entire story. As the commencement of the ad- venture is wanting in the MS., a short analysis of the French narrative may not be out of place. Gawayne leaves king Arthur at the siege of the city of Branlant, at which he had himself been severely wounded. He crosses a deep river, and rides along a beautiful plain to a wood, on emerging from which he finds himself in a spacious launde, on which he perceives, by the side of a fountain, a magnificent pavilion raised. The vsdances were of fine silk of diflferent colours, richly embroidered in gold and silver with flowers, foliage and birds, whilst above the ball on the summit was a golden eagle. He dismounts and enters the pavilion, where he sees a sumptuous bed, on which lay a lovely girl, " qui si formellement belle estoit, que pour ee temps n'eust Sti trouvS !a pareille." Gawayne is exceedingly surprised at her beauty, and accosts her courteously. In reply she says, " Dieu qui fist soir et matin doint honneur au chevalier Gauvain ; puis h vous qui estes icy!" He inquires why she expresses herself thus, and in explanation learns, that from the fame of Gawayne's great prowess, courtesy, and other qualities, she has long been accustomed to use such terms. The knight then dis- closes himself, and unlaces his helmet, to shew his features, on which the lady retires to an adjoining room, and calls to her a Saracen damsel, who had heenfille de chambre to queen Chambres, and who had pourtrayed in embroidery the portrait of Gawayne so exactly, as to be recognised by all who saw it. Whilst she is contemplating his features. Sir Gawayne disarms himself, and puts on a splendid mantle. On the lady's return she at once acknow- ledges the original of her picture, and runs to embrace him, kissing his eyes "par grant amour," and saying, " Sire, lapucelle, comme voyez, du tout se meet a vostre bandon, et de son corps vous f aid present, tout par amours et en honneur, si vous plaist a la recepvoir." Of course the knight is not insensible of the value of such a gift, — " et puis se mirent fi deviser du jeu d' amours, sans villennie, et apres s' entry ouerent, en ensuivant le doulx purler, que le nom de pucelle perdist." Gawayne at length takes leave of her, and immediately after his de- parture arrives her father, the king of Lys, and on learning what had occurred, pursues the knight, and accuses him of the death of his brother, and the violation of his daughter. Ga- wayne overthrows him with a mortal blow, and pursues his way. Shortly after, Brandelys 350 NOTES. the lady's brother, makes his appearance at the pavilion, and on hearing the same story, rides after and overtakes the author of the injury. They encounter each other fiercely, and are both thrown to the ground, but continue the combat with their sv^rords until they are both weary. Gawayne at length proposes a cessation of arms, and to renew the combat when- ever they should again meet. This is agreed to, and the combatants separate. Brandelys carries the corpse of his father to an abbey, to be honourably interred ; and Gawayne returns to Arthur's host at the siege of Branlant, but is so enfeebled by his wounds as to require the attendance of physicians for six months before he was perfectly recovered. At a subsequent part of the romance (f. cv.), the continuation of Gawayne's adventure is thus related. Arthur and his court arrive at a stately castle, which proves to be the residence of Brandelys. They find a sumptuous banquet prepared for some guest, and no less than a hundred wild- boars' heads provided! Whilst at the feast Gawayne discovers the shield of Brandelys hanging up, and recollecting the terms of their agreement, hastens to replace his helmet on his head, which he had laid aside. On being questioned as to the cause, he relates his adventure at the pavilion, which differs so considerably from the preceding narrative, as justly to excite the surprise of Southey, Pref. to Morte d' Arthur, p. xxvi. In this version of the story Gawayne states, that on" arriving at the pavilion he found the lady asleep, and struck by her beauty, he took off his helmet, and kissed her several times so softly, as not to awaken her, except a faint remonstrance of "Beau sire, laissez moy dormir," At last she awoke, and inquired who he was. He says, her amy, but she bids him fly, for fear of the vengeance of her father and brothers. He tells his name, and is then courteously welcomed. Gawayne afterwards disarmed him- self, and proceeds with his tale thus, — " Puis m' allay coucher aupres d'elle/comme pour f aire mon delict; les yeulx luy baise et le visaige, gu'elle plus blans que lys avoit, et depuis feis si grand oultraige, qu' h force la despucellay, quelque deffence qu'elle sceust faire." The lady was in the utmost grief, and fainted in Gawayne's arms, when Melians de Lys, one of her brothers, arrived, and bursting into the pavilion, loaded Gawayne with reproaches. The knight made every submission, and offered to marry the lady, but Melians revUed them both, and insisted on having recourse to arms. They fought, and the brother was struck dead on the first encounter. The father then came up, and shared the same fate, much to the grief of Gawayne. Lastly arrived Brandelys, and having refused the conciliatory offers of the offender, a combat took place, as previously narrated. It is evident that the author of the English romance has adopted the latter nar- rative, merely changing the names of the parties, and introducing a few additions of his own. The sequel of the adventure, omitted by the English writer, is thus told in the original text. Brandelys, on hearing that his foe was within his castle, hastens to takes revenge. As it was now late in the evening, candles are sent for, and a furious combat ensues by their light NOTES. 35 T between Gawayne and his opponent. At this juncture the lady (whose name we subse- quently learn to be Guinalorete,) makes her appearance with her child Giglain, whom she interposes between its father and uncle. Brandelys, so far from being softened by the sight, brutally kicks the child away, which excites the indignation of Arthur. The fight is re- sumed, and Brandelys is at length struck down. The lady again interposes, and her en- treaties being seconded by the interference of the king and his nobles, Brandelys is persuaded to yield, and the adventure terminates by his being made a knight of the Round Table, and granting forgiveness to the penitent Gawayne, who begs it on his knees. The compiler of the Morte d! Arthur does not insert this episode in his work, but has a distinct allusion to the circumstance, when he says, " Thenne came in Syr Gawayne, with his thre sones, Syr Gyngleyn, Syr Florence, and Sir Louel ; these two were begoten upon Sir Brandyks syster; and al they fayled." — Vol. ii. p. 383. Sir Brandelys was subsequently, together with Florence and Louel, slain by Lance- lot du Lac and his party, at the rescue of queen Guenever. Ibid. ii. 401, 403. P. 217, 1. 347- Tkeron ofpleasaunce a kercheyfdyd konge. See Mey rick's Glossary to his Critical Inquiry, in v. Kercheff of Plesaunce. It was sometimes worn on the arm. But a lady's favour was occasionally in another shape, as we learn from the Roman de Perceval, f. Ixxxiii. " Et pour secretement faire cete chose assgavoir a Alardin par dgne, luy donna la manche de sa cotfe, que nous appelhns mancherons, de quoy il feist ung gonfanon ou banerolle a sa lance." Cf. Malory, ii. 332. P. 219, 1. 422. Syr Gawayne saide, " Syr, I thepraye, etc. So also in the original text, " // me semble, franc chevallier, respond Gauvain, que vans deussiez plus honestement ou phis prudentement parler, car se je vous ay faict nul dommaige, je suis tout prest de Famender, au loz de tous noz bons amys, mais que n'y perde mon honneur ; mais quant d la trahison que vous me mettez sus, je tn'en veulx contre vous deffendre." — ^f. Ixxv''. 352 NOTES. CJe ^rene Mni^t COPIED in 1831 by permission of the late Mrs. Samuel Isted of Eeton Hall, Northamptonshire, (eldest daughter of the Bishop of Dromore,) from the Percy Manuscript. It is noticed in the list of Romances prefixed to the third vo- lume of the "ReliqtKs of Ancient Poetry," p. xxxvii. ed. 1794', and was considered of sufficient interest by the Bishop to be transcribed, for the purpose of insertion in a subsequent edition. The singular volume which contains it may be assigned to the latter half of the seventeenth century, and abounds with inaccuracies of the scribe or compiler. It is here, however, printed literatim from the MS., except in cases where correction is absolutely necessary, and the corrupt readings are then thrown to the bottom of the page. Had Bishop Percy adopted the same plan, when printing his Ballads, even the hypercriticism of Ritson might have been satisfied. It will readily be admitted, I presume, that the Scotish romance at the beginning of the pre- sent volume is the original from which the later tale has been borrowed; but that it may have existed in some intermediate shape, is rendered highly probable by an entry in the inventory of English books belonging to John Paston of Norfolk, made in the reign of Edward the Fourth, in which occurs " The Greene Knight." Orig. Letters, vol. ii. p. 300, 4to, 1787. The changes made in the story, in its recent form, are very remarkable, and serve to shew the extent and character of the license assumed by minstrels and poetasters, in reciting the compositions of their predecessors, or in borrowing from foreign sources. The fairy Morgana of the ancient romance is here changed into Aggteb, a witch, who is endowed with the power of transposing human forms ; and instead of the Grene Knight's visit to Arthur's court being made for the purpose of an- noying Guenever, it is here designed by the old witch as a means of alluring Ga- ■wayne to her daughter's arms. The general outline is, however, precisely the same, but the narrative much abridged in the rifacimento. It is somewhat remarkable, that the latter places the scene " in the West Countrye," instead of the North, as one would have expected to fijid it. NOTES. 353 P. 224, 1. 13. He made the Round Table for their behowe, F' none of them shold sitt aboue. The earliest authority for this tradition is Wace, who inserts it in his translation of Geoffrey, and adds, that the Round Table was instituted by Arthur for the pur- pose of avoiding disputes of precedence among his knights. See the passage in Le Roux de Lincy's edition, tome ii. p. 74, 8vo, 1836. Robert of Brunne translates this literally in the inedited portion of his Chronicle, f. 62^ MS. Inner Temple Li- brary, No. 511. 7. Lajamon goes further, and not only gives the history of the table at much greater length, but adds from some source at present unknown, a narrative of a quarrel which was the more immediate cause of the institution. In an inedited romance on the subject of Arthur, preserved in the Red Book of Bath, of the fifteenth century, I find the following lines on the subject : At Cayrlyoun, w' oute fable He let make the Rounde Table, And why th' he maked hyt thus This was the resoun y-wyss. That no man schulde sytt aboue other, Ne haue indignacioun of hys brother. And alle had oo seruyse. For no pryde scholde aryse. For any degree of syttynge. Other for any seruynge. P. 225, 1. 40. Sir Bredbeddle. On what authority the Green Knight is thus named I am ignorant, but in this case it is no mistake of the scribe, for we meet with the same personage again in the ballad of Arthur and the King of Cornwall. He can scarcely be meant for the individual who is surnamed also the Grene Knyght in the Morte d! Arthur, and whose real name was Pertihpe, the brother of Sir Persaunt and Sir Perjrmore, all of whom were defeated by Sir Gareth, younger brother of Sir Gawayne. See vol. i. pp. 196, 223 ; ii. p. 385. P. 227, 1. 92. Att a castle of Flatting was his dwelling, In the Forrest of Ddamore. The forest of Delamere is an immense tract of wood and waste in Cheshire, and was formerly well stocked with deer. Of the Castle of Flatting I have found no 2 z 354 NOTES. mention elsewhere. It is, doubtless, a corruption. See Ormerod's Cheshire, vol. ii. p. SO, fol., 1819. P. 239, 1. 461. He hard him whett afauchion bright. Compare the lines in the original, 1. 2203, p. 81. P. 240, 1. 465. It behocmeth thee to lowte. In the margin of the MS. Dr. Percy has noted after this line, " some great omis- sion here." I confess I do not perceive it. P. 241, 1. 506. To the Castle of Hutton can they fare. Perhaps the manor of Hutton in Inglewood forest, Leath ward, Cumberland, is here intended. See Nicolson and Burn's Hist. Cumb., ii. 388, or Hutchinson, i. 506. There is also Hatton Casth, in AUerdale below Derwent, in the same county. The whole of the territory hereabout was romance-ground. Ibid. 1. 515. Why A*" ofth£ Bathe weare the lace. Compare the original text, 1. 2516, p. 92, which is very strangely altered here. The lace alluded to was of white silk, and worn on the left shoulder, as early as the reign of Richard the Second. See Anstis's " Observations upon the Knighthood of the Bath," 4to, 1725, pp. 9, 32, 35, 75. From a curious passage in Lord Herbert of Cherbury's Life, written by himself, 4to, 1764, p. 54, we learn that the practice was still observed in the reign of James the First, and that the Knights were obliged to wear the lace until they had done something famous in arms, or till some lady of honor had taken it off. NOTES. 355 CJje Curfee antr 4^oVDtn» FROM the Percy Manuscript, and hitherto unpublished. The commencement of this singular romance-tale is evidently founded on a different version of the adventure related in the Grene Knyght, who is here transformed into a Turk, or, in other words, a Pagan. The poem, unfortunately, is very imperfect, and the connexion is not always obvious, but the story seems to run thus. After the buffet has been given by Gawayne, the Turk goes away, accompanied by the knight, and they repair to a castle, where the counter-huffet is demanded by the Turk. We next find them, after this proof of Gawayne's courage, sailing over the sea as friends, and they arrive at a castle inhabited by the King of Man, (who is a heathen Soldan,) and a rout of giants. A trial of skill takes place at tennis, in which Gawayne is assisted by the Turk, who passes for the knight's boy. Other trials of strength follow, which end in the discomfiture of the giants. The Soudan and one of his rout lay some plan to kill Gawayne, but are prevented by the Turk, who puts on a coat to make him invisible, and throws the giant into a boiling cauldron of lead, and the Soudan into the fire. After this, to complete the adventure, the Turk desires Ga- wayne to strike off his head, who at first refuses, but on his compliance, in the place of the Turk rises up a stalworth knight, who immediately sings Te Deum, by way of thankfulness, and to prove his orthodoxy. By this feat the ladies and knights confined in the castle are delivered from thraldom, and the kingdom of Man having first been offered by Arthur to Gawayne, who refuses it, it is bestowed on Sir Gromer, the quondam Turk, as a recompense for his services. From the versification, this poem evidently proceeds from the same hand which composed the preceding one ; nor will it, perhaps, be wrong to assign to one hand the greater part, if not the whole, of the romance-stories in the Manuscript. P. 255, 1. 318. Sir Gromer. This name is probably borrowed from the Morte cC Arthur, in which " Syr Grum- more Grummursum, a good knyghte of Scotland," is mentioned, vol. i. p. 229, and elsewhere. 2 z 2 356 NOTES. Carle off Carltle* FROM the Percy Manuscript, and printed for the first time. It is most cer- tainly a rifacimento of the older romance in the Porkington MS., and retains not only words but entire lines of the original. Some few alterations, however, as a matter of course, are introduced ; and at the end of the poem an incident is in- serted, altogether omitted in the older copy, namely the striking o£F the Carle's head, which corresponds nearly with the simUar performance in the tale of T%e Turke and Gowin. The Notes on the earlier text may be referred to for illustration of the present poem. Hing artj)ur antr t{)e Hing of Com\t)alL FROM the same Manuscript, and hitherto inedited. It has no title, and the first line has been cut away by the ignorant binder to whom the volume was intrusted, but both are supplied from the notice given of the ballad in the Disser- tation prefixed to vol. iii. of the " Reliques," p. xxxvii. Dr. Percy has added in the margin of the MS. these words, " To the best of my remembrance, this was the first line, before the binder cut it.'' The poem is very imperfect, owing to the leaves having been half torn away to light fires (I) as the Bishop tells us, but I am bound NOTES. 357 to add, previous to its coming into his possession. The story is so singular, that it is to be hoped an earlier and complete copy of it may yet be recovered. On no ac- count perhaps is it more remarkable, than the fact of its close imitation of the fa- mous gabs made by Charlemagne and his companions at the court of king Hugon, which are first met vi^ith in a romance of the twelfth century, published by M. Michel from a MS. in the British Museum, 12mo, Lond., 1836, and transferred at a later period to the prose romance of Galien Rethord, printed by Verard, fol. 1500, and often afterwards. In the absence of other evidence, it is to be presumed that the author of the ballad borrowed from the printed work, substituting Arthur for Charlemagne, Gawayne for Oliver, Tristram for Roland, etc., and embellishing his story by converting king Hugon's spy into a " lodly feend," by whose agency the ffobs are accomplished. It is further worthy of notice, that the writer seems to regard Arthur as the sovereign of Little Britain, and alludes to an intrigue between the king of Cornwall and queen Guenever, which is nowhere, as far as I recollect, hinted at in the romances of the Round Table. P. 276, 1. 26. Sir Marramiles and Sir Tristeram. As four knights accompanied the king, a line would seem to be wanting here, containing the names of Sir Gawayne and Sir Bredbeddh. Of the remaining two. Sir Tristeram is sufficiently well known, but of Sir Marramiles I am unable to sup- ply any information. P. 283, 1. 195. " Sayes, sleep you, wake you, noble King Arthur ?" This is a phrase which seems to have been popular at the end of the sixteenth century, and may, perhaps, mark the age of the ballad. See the song of Old Robin of Portingale, in Percy, iii. 49, edit. 1794< ; Ravenscroft's Pammelia, 4to, 1609, No. 30; and Scott's Border Minstrelsy, vol. i. p. 151, 8vo, 1803. It is alluded to by Shakspere in King Lear, Act. iii. Sc. 5, where Edgar, repeating some snatches of old ballads, says, Sleepest or wakest thou, jolly shepherd ? P. 284, 1. 210. 7%e Grene knight. This is Sir Bredbeddle, who has subdued the fiend Burlow-beanie by means of the " litle booke," he carried about him. See a previous Note, p. 353. 358 NOTES. i^amage of §)ir O^abjaine* THIS fragment is borrowed from the text of the Percy Manuscript, as given in the " Reliques of Ancient English Poetry," vol. iii. p. 350, edit. 1794. Dr. Percy supplied the deficiencies in a very ingenious manner, and inserted the ballad thus amended in the first edition of his collection, 8vo, 1 764, and repeated it in all subsequent impressions ; but this mode of editing ancient poetry having justly been blamed by Ritson and Pinkerton, the Bishop in the fourth edition annexed the frag- ment, " with all its defects, inaccuracies and errata," in order to show the state of the poem in the MS. Ritson reprinted the genuine and the amended texts in par- allel columns in the Dissertation prefixed to his Metrical Romances, 8vo, 1802, p. ex, and the ballad in its improved form was introduced also by Lewis into his Tales of Wonder, vol. ii. p. 362, 8vo, 1 802. The Bishop was of opinion that this poem was more ancient than the time of Chaucer, and that he borrowed from it his Wife of Bathe' stale (See Cambro-Briton, vol. i. p. 256, 8vo, 1820) ; and Sir Walter Scott in a letter to George Ellis writes, that the tale of Sir Gawayne's Foul Lady is originally Scaldic, as appears in the history of Hrolf Kraka, edited by Torfaeus, 12mo, Havn. 1715, cap. vii. {Life, by Lockhart, vol. i. p. 334.) The passage itself is quoted from the Saga by Scott in his Border Minstrelsy, vol. ii. p. 140, in illus- tration of the old Scotish ballad of King Henrie, which preserves very remarkably the legend of the Scandinavian monarch, Helgius. Warton says in a note to his " History of English Poetry," vol. ii. p. 41, ed. 1824, " I must not forget here, that Sir Gawaine, one of Arthur's champions, is celebrated in a separate romance. Among Tanner's Manuscripts we have The Weddynge of Sir Gawaine, Numb. 455, Bibl. Bodl. It begins, ' Be ye blythe, and listeneth to the lyf of a lorde riche.' " It would have given me much pleasure to have included this romance in the present volume, but Warton's reference is erroneous, and although the Rev. Dr. Bandinel with the greatest courtesy undertook a minute and laborious search for the poem in question, it was without success. Warton's noto- NOTES. 359 rious inaccuracy in matters of this sort forms a sad blot in his otherwise very useful and entertaining work, of which a critical edition is still much desiderated. P. 289, 1. 82. Tearne-wadling. See previous Note, in p. 330. P. 293, 1. 116. Sir Lancehtt and Sir Steven hold. The name of the second of these champions does not occur in the Kound Table romances. Ihid, 1. 120. Soe did Sir Banier and Sir Bore, Sir Garrett with them, soe gay. Banier is probably a mistake for Beduer, the king's constable. Sir Bore is Bors de GafUves. (See previous Note, p. 313.) Sir Garett is Gareth or Gaheriet, the younger brother of Sir Gawayne ; and his adventures, under the surname of Beau- mayns, occupy an entire book, — the seventh, — in the Morte d^ Arthur, vol. i. pp. 186 -245. He took the part of Lancelot against his brothers, but was accidentally killed by him on the occasion of the rescue of queen Guenever. Ibid. vol. ii. p. 403. Revenge for his loss prompted Sir Gawayne to induce king Arthur to cross the sea to attack Lancelot, which ultimately proved the destruction of the whole of the Table Ronde. Sir Walter Scott in a Note on Sir Tristrem, p. 379, ed. 1833, quotes a " romance of Sir Gaheret," in which the knight plays at chess with a beau- tiful fairy, [Floribelle, a suivante of the fairy Morgana,] and is vanquished, but is afterwards liberated from his confinement by his cousin [brother] Gawayne, who wins the game by a move long afterwards called Vechec de Gauvain, and now I'echec du berger, m fooV s-mate. In reality there is no such romance, but the ad- venture here alluded to occurs in an episodical tale of Gawayne and his three bro- thers, analysed in the Bibliotheque des Bomans, Juilht, 1777, pp. Sri~i22. I may here venture to correct another venial error of Scott, who in the same work, p. 416, quotes from Gower the lines, There was Tristrem, which was beloved With bele Isolde; and Lancelot Stode with Guenor, and Galahote With his lady. Sir Walter argues, that Gower is here incorrect, since Galahaut or Galahad had 360 NOTES. no paramour. But Gower is perfectly accurate, and alludes to GallehauU, king of the hingtaines isles or de entire les marches, whose mistress was Malchault, lady in attendance on queen Guenever, and by whose instrumentality the intrigue of Lancelot with her mistress was brought about. See the Roman de Lancelot, vol. i. ff. Ixxxiii-v, edit. 1513. Scott confounds this Gallekault with Galaad, the imma- culate son of Lancelot, who accomplished the adventure of the Sangreal. ./). 2, 195, 832, 875, 2165. aa. xxix. 4. MS. D. Brene, Bryne, burny, cuirass, gk. 580. AA.XXX.3. MS.D. xxxviii.4.MS.D. xli.7. Brenes, Brenyes,pZ. AA. xxx. 3, xliv. 11. See BiRNY, Bruny. Breninq, burning, c. 181. fBRENNE, an error probably for Breme, TG. 36. Brerd, surface of the earth, gg. 1084. Bresed,^.^. broken? gk.305. Breth, rage, anger, go. 571. See Brith. Brbther, brethren, gk. 39. Bretynit, p. t. cut down, gg. 468. See Britned. Breue, to tell, inform, speak, gk. 1393, 1488. Breued, Brevit, p.p. told, es- teemed, accoimted, gg. 281, 417, 465; marked, gk. 1436 ; written, 2521. In the old edition of gg. the word is misprinted heemt, which is repeated by Pinkerton and Jamieson, and the latter endeavours, as usual, to find an etymon, but is very wide of the mark. Brbwe, p.p. brewed, made, aa. xlvi. 7. Bryddbs, Bryddez, birds, GK. 166, 509, 746. Brym, loud, shrill, gg. 523, 534 ; fierce, cruel, 733, 822. See Brem. BRYMME,flood,river,GK.2l72. Brimes, pi. seas, waters, Gr.K. 288. 3 B 2 372 GLOSSARY. Bryne, See Brene. Bryimly, fiercely, gg. 687- See Breme. Brint, Brynt, p. t. and p. p. burnt, refined, AA.xxvii.4. GG. 317 ; flashed, 769- See Bren. Brist, to burst, gg. 641. Brist, p. t. 306. See Braist. Brith, wrath, contention, gg. 125. See Breth. Britnez, pr. t. breaks, cuts, gk. 1611. Britned, Brittened, p. t. and p. p. broke or cut in pieces, 2, 680, 1339. See Bretynit. Broche, spit, GG. 80. Broches, pr. t. spur, aa, xxxix. 5. Bro- ched.Brochit,^. t. spurred, A a. xxxix. 5. MS. D. xliv. 4. GO. 306, 754. Broketes, torches, tapers, aa. xxxv. 9- Bronched, p. t. pierced, aa. xlv. 5. Bronde, Bronx, sword, gk. 561, 588, 828, 1584. AA.xliv.8. BR0NDES,p?.AA.xliv.9. Brondez, embers, ge. 2. Brothe, angry, gk. 2233. Brothely, angrily, violently, gk. 2377. Bhother-hede, brotherhood, gk. 2516. Broun, used elliptically for the hrovm deer, GK. 1162. Mr. Guest is greatly mistaken in interpreting it hranches. Browe, brow, gk. 1457. Brojbs, Brojez, pi. 305, 961. Bruny, cuirass, gk. 861, 2012, 2018. See Brene, Birny. Brusten,/). t. burst, gk. 1166. See Brist. Bue, fair ? akc. 65, 67. Bullbkand, weltering, gg. 716, 1016. Bult, p. t. built, dwelt, gk. 25. Bur, blow, gk. 290, 374, 548, 2322 ; force, violence, 2261. See also the Glossary to William and the Werwolf, v. Bere, and Boucher, v. Birr. BuRD, see Bord. BuRDE, lady, gk. 613, 752, 961. aa. xiii. 2. MS.D. BURDES, BURDEZ, ^Z. GK. 942, 1232, 1373. See Birde, Beirdis. BuRDE, p. t. ought, behoved, gk. 2278, 2428. Hence maybe corrected the inter- pretation of Birde in the . Glossary to Havehk, 1. 2761. Cf. also Jamieson, w. Byrd and Boot. BuRBDELY, forcibly ? aa. xlvii. 11. MS. D. The Line. MS. reads awyftly. Burly, Bueliche, Bbrlyche, Bubbly, huge, big.AA. xvi. 8, xxviii. 6, xxx.8, xli. 8, xUi. 4. GG. 317, 551,934. Used'substan- tively, man being understood, aa. 1. 8. Burlokbst, biggest, strongest, aa. xliii. 2. Burn, Burnb, man, knight, noble, gk. 20, 73, 337, etc. aa. iii. 3. MS. D. xlii. 4. Gr.K. 88. TG. 12. BURNBS, ()>e7i. 6K. 1616. Burnes, Burnez,^?. gk. 259, 272, 481. AA. xxxviii. 9. MS. D. xlvi. 7. See Beir- Nis, Beryne. BusB,pr. t. behoves,AA. xxv. 3. SeeBuRDE. Busk, to array; gk. 1220. Busk, imp. pre- pare, 2248, 2284. BuSEBS, Buseeez, pr. t. goes, 1136, 1448, 2476 ; arrays, aa. xxxviii. 4. MS. D. Busken, pr. t. pi. pre- pare, GE. 509, 1128. Busked, Buskit, Buskyde, ^. ^ andp.p. went, 1411. aa. xliv. 8. GG. 204, 304, 548 j prepared, gk. 1693. GO. 48. TG. 9. This verb generally implies motion with a degree of haste. Busk, bush, gk. 182. Buseez, pi. 1437. Busy, to be active, gk. 1066. BuT,without,GG.35,98, 190. But, But and, unless, GC. 522. j. 32. Bute, see Bote. Cach, to catch, take, acquire, gk. 133 ; to go, 1794. Cachez, Kachez, pr. t. 368, 2175. Cacheres, hunters, gk. 1139- Cambure, hooked, gc. 251. Can, pr. t. know, knows, gc. 193, 279. c. 268. Cannyst, knowest, gc. 314. Can, is extensivelyused as an auxiliary before verbs in the infinitive mood, to express a past tense, and is frequently, particularly in poems of later date, supplied by gan, as an equivalent, as Can bnclyne, inclined. GLOSSARY. 373 &K.340. Can PAYNE, pained, 1042. Can REMOVE, removed, gg. 14. Can pang, took, 554. Can daw, dawned, 609. Can FOUND, went, 884. 933. Can pare. Can GOB,went,Gr.K. 371, 506. Cannbeginn, begun, C.471. Can draw, drew, mg. 19. See Con. Canel-bone, collar-bone, aa. xl. 12. Cant, strong, gg. 334. Cantell, Cantellb, comer, angle, aa. xli. 1. GG. 937. Capados, hood or close cap, from the Fr. cap-h-dos, GK. 186, 572. Caple, horse, gk. 2175. Carande, caring, anxious, gk. 674, 750. Care, grief, concern, gk. 1979, 2379- Carp, p. t. carved, aa. xlvii. 5. Cariand, going, journeying, gg. 611. See Cahy. Carnelez, battlements, embrasures, gk. 801. Carp, speech, conversation, gk. 307, 1013. Carp, Karp, to say, tell, speak, gk. 263, 696,704. c. 128. Carpis, CARPPEZ,pr. t. GK. 377, 1979. AA. xxviii. 9,xxxii.6. Car- ped, Carpit, p. t. GK. 1088. AA. 1. 11. MS.D. GG.46, 92. Cary, to go, GG. 1098, 1332. Cakyez, Caryis, pr. t. GK. 734. GG. 366, 728. CARYS,CAYREZ,imp.GK.2120. GG. 1249. Caryit, ^./. 873. Casar, Kaysere, emperor, aa. xxxii. 7. gg. 1120. Cassin, p.p. cast, GG. 1108. Cast, to speak, address, gk. 249. Cast, pr. t. contrive, gg. 323. Caste, stratagem, aa. xlviii. 2. Castes, pi. actions or wiles, ge. 1295. Cauelounz, disputes? gk. 683. Perhaps a mistake forCAUELACiouNZ. Cf. 1. 2275. Cemmed, p.p. folded, twisted, gk. 188. Cercle, circle round the helmet, sk. 615. Cerkblytt, p.p. encircled, aa. x. 3. Chacelbt, Chasselett, small tower or castle ? AA. xxxviii. 11. Chaffer, merchandise, gk. 1647, 1939. Chaftis, chops, jaws, aa. xi. 2. Chaip, pr. t. escape, gg. 279- Chalus, jowls, cheeks, aa. xi. 2, the read- ing of MS. D. as an equivalent for chaftis. Jamieson's singular blunder in explaining this word will be noticed under Cholle. Charg, matter, gk. 1940. Chargeaunt, dangerous ? gk. 1604. Charre, pr. t. return, gk. 1678. .Char- red, p. t. led, turned, 850, 1143. Charres, pi. business, task, gk. 1674. Chaste, chastity, aa. xx. 5. MS. D. Chaufe, Chawffene, to warm, aa. xxxv. 4. Chauncely, accidentally, gk.778. Chauntre, religious service, gk. 63. Chefe, upper part? aa. ix. 10. Chefe, Cheip, Cheue, to obtain, gk. 1271. AA.xxi. 9, gg. 1193; to arrive, gk. 1676. Cheued, p. t. obtained, gk. 1390. See Acheue. Cheply, Cheuely, speedily? gk. 850, 883, 978, 1940. Chek, fortune, gk. 1107, 1857. Chekke, ill fortune? 2195. Cheldez, shields of a boar, gk. 1611. Chemne, chimney, gk. 978. Chepe, Chepbz, bargain, terms of buying and selling, or goods sold, gk. 1939, 1940, 1941. Chepen, to bargain, gk. 1271. Cher, Chere, countenance, spirits, beha- viour, GK. 562, 711, 883, 1745, 2169, 2496 ; entertainment, 1259. aa. x. 6. Chere, chair, gc.403. Chbs, p. t. saw, beheld, gk. 798, 946. t Cheuarone, chanfron, armour for a horse's head, aa. xxx. 10. CaBuiCAUNCE, Cheuisauncb, Cheuy- SAUNCE, booty, gain, gk. 1390, 1406, 1678, 1939. Child-gerbd, p. p. of childish manners, GK. 86. Cholle, jowl, jaws, aa. ix. 9. xi. 2. The second of these passages has occasioned Jamieson to make a very ridiculous mis- take. He says cholle and chalus are birds, 374 GLOSSARY. and then explains chyime, the cliin, by oak!!! The reading of the Lincoln MS. at once shows the fallacy and folly of such an interpretation. Chohle, churl, gk. 2107. Chyldbr, children, gk. 280. Chymbled,J9.^. folded? gk. 958. Cj^t>, p.p. covered, gk, 885. Claip, p. t. clove, GG. 937. Clambbrande, clustering, gk. 1722. Clambred, p.p. clustered, joined together, GK. 801. Clanlt, wholly, gk. 393. Clannes, purity, chastity, gk. 653. Clatehande, clattering, bubbling, gk. 731. Clattered, ^.^. resounded, gk. 1722. Claught, p. t. caught hold of hastily, clutched, GG. 82. Clep, p. t. cleaved, aa. xl. 13, xli. 1. t Cleyng, probably a mistake of the scribe forCLETHYNGE,clothing,AA.x.2. IMS.D. Jamieson trifles with the word in his usual manner. Cleir, Cler, Clere, fine, fair, bright, beau- tiful, noble, gk. 631, 942, 954, 1489. aa. XXX. 2. MS. D. GG. 53, 366, 672, 747, 1157. GC. 507. Gr.K. 326. fCLEiRLY, for Cleir, gg. 1332. Clekis, pr. t. strikes or seizes, aa. xlviii. 7. Clene, fair, gk. 163. aa. vi. 2 ; wholly, gk. 1298. See Clanly. CLENGEZ,^r. t. contracts or causes to shrink with cold, GK. 505, 2078. Clengbd,;3. t. 1694. Clepes, pr. t. calls, gk. 1310. Clergye, erudition, gk. 2447. Clewes, cliffs, AA. X. 12, xii. 7- MS. D. reads Clowes, which Jamieson explains a hollow between two hills, Clippes, eclipse, aa. viii. 3. fCLOLLE, an error of MS. D. for Cholle, AA. ix. 10. Jamieson here again Ls sadly at fault. Clomben, p. t. climbed, gk. 2078. Clout, blow, gc. 323. c. 234, 260. See Lout. Clowis, nails, splinters, gg. 683, 942. CoCKWARD, COCKBWARDE, CUckold, AKC. 92, 104. CoFT, p. t. bought, GG. 1057. CoFLY, speedily? gk. 2011. Cold, p. *. of Can, knew, c. 41. akc. 195. See Con. CoLEN, to cool, assuage, gk. 1253. CoLERE, collar, aa. xlviii. 7. CoLLAiNE, CoLLEN, Cologne, AKC. 164,168, 176. Swords manufactured here seem to have been in repute. Com, Come, Comen, p. t. came, gk. 824, 942,1004. Gc. 494. f CoMAUNDEZ, imp. commend, gk. 2411. Come, coming, arrival, gg. 161. Comfort, p. t. comforted, or.K. 229. See Gloss, to Will, and Werwolf, in v. CoMLY, CoMLYCH, CuMLY, comely, fair, GK. 469, 539. GG. 1057. Used substan- tively, ma« being understood,GK.674,l755. Used adverbially, 648, 1307, 1629, 1794, CoMLYLY, courteously, gk. 974, 1118, 1389. CoMLOKER, comelier, gk. 869. Comlok- EST, mp. 52, 81,767. Com'nye, communing, discourse, akc. 122. CoMPAS, form, stature, gk. 944. Con, Conne, can, gk. 2455. aa.xU. 5, xliii. 4. Connez, pr. t. knows, gk. 1267, 1483. CouDE, Couth, Couthe, Cowthe, p. t. could, knew, 45, 1125, 1139, 1389, I486. GG. 67,920. GC.85. C0UTH,C0UTHE,p.p. known, gk. 1490 ; skilled, gg. 376. See Can. Con, Conne, pr. t. Cold, Couth, ^. i. used as an auxiliary before verbs to ex- press a past tense, asCoN studie, studied, GK. 230. Con answare, answered, 274. Con roun, communed, 362. Con felde, folded, 841 . Con nyme, took, 993. Con lete, looked, 1206. Conne palle, fell, AA. vi. 7. MS. D. Conne call, called, xi. 3, (in both which instances the Line. MS. reads gunne.) Conne ryde, rode, gc 65. Con stand, stood, Gr.K. 471. Cold FLING, flung, MG. 89. Couth hint, re- GLOSSARY. 375 ceived, oa. 674. Couth hew, hewed, struck, 962. Couth rbhete, cheered, 1158. Couth forbere, forbore, 1200. See Can. CoNABLE, famous, oraccomplishedjGK. 2450. CoNQUERE, conquest, gg. 1251. Contbrpblette, Contrepeled, interwo- ven ? AA. xxix. 6. CoNUENABiLL, befitting, GG. 363. CoNYSAUNCE, CuNYSANCE, badge, cogni- sance, GG. 488, 1057. CopiLLEs, couples of dogs, AA. iv. 3. CopROUNES, capitjds ? gk. 797. " Coperwn, capitellum," Prompt. Parv. See quota- tion under Enbanbd. CoRBELEs, gen. raven's, gk. 1355. With regard to the fee, see Scott's Notes on iS»V Tristrem, p. 388, ed. 1833. CoRS, body, GK. 1297. Cortays, Cortayse, courteous, gk. 276, 467, 539. CORTAYSY, CoUETAYSYB, COUrtesy, GK. 247, 263, 1300. CoRTAYSLY, Courteously, gk. 775, 903. CoRTYNES, curtains, gk. 854. CoRUON, jj.^. carven, gk. 797- CossE, kiss, gk. 1300. Cosses, Cossez, pi. 2351, 2360. Cost, manner, business, gk. 546. Costes, CosTEZ,7)2.manners, qualities, virtues, 944, 1272, 1483, 1849, 2360, 2495. Hence may be interpreted Cust, in the Owl and Nightingale, which in the Glossary to that poem is left without explanation. Cost, side, aa. xlvii. 5. Costes, pi. ways? GK. 750. CosTEz, pr. t. coasts? gk. 1696. Cothb, p. t. quoth, gk. 776. ConDE,chrysom-cIothatbaptism,AA.xviii.3. COUDE, COUTHB, CoWTHE, See CoN. CouNDUE, to conduct, guide, gk. 1972. CouNDUTBS, songs, (Fr. conduis, cantique,) GK. 1655. The same word occurs in the poem of the Owl and Nightingale, 1. 483, which is not explained by the editor. COUNTBNAUNCE, CUStOm, GK, 100, 1490. CouNTiR, to encounter, gg. 798. Contirs, pr. t.SlS. CouNTiRPAS, counterpart, like, gg. 1212. Courchbfes, head-covers, caps, AA.xxix.8. Couthly, familiarly, gk. 937. CouENTis, convents, aa. xvi. 6. Cover, pr. t. recover, regain, gg. 586. CoBBRTOR, Codertour, cover or trapping ofahorse, GK. 602; canopy of a bed, 1181. Couertorez, pi. canopies, 855. Cowtbrs, pieces of plate for the elbows, gk. 583. See the Notes, p. 315. CoYNT, Koynt, curious, quaint, gk. 877 ; skilful, cimning, 1525. Coyntly, Coyntlych, Koyntly, cunning- ly, 578, 934, 2413. CojBD, p. t. derided? shouted ? gk. 307. Crafty, skilfully made, gk. 572. Crakkande, resounding, loud, gk. 1166- Crakkyng, blast, blowing, gk. 116. Crasbdbst, most crazy, gk. 2196. Crathayn, craven, coward, gk. 1773. In Douglas, Crawdoun. Crest, top of a rock, gk. 731. Crbuissb, fissure, cavity, gk. 2183. Crbwelle, valiant, used substantively, man beingunderstood, AA.xlviii. 1. SeeCRUEi,. Criandb, crying, gk. 1088. Crochit, p.p. covered? gg. 1280, 1352. Choked, ^. p. bent aside, gk. 653. Cropore, Cropurb, crupper, gk. 168, 602. Croys, cross, gk. 643. Cruel, keen in battle, aa. xlvii. 3. gg. 334, 541. Cruelte, valour? gg. 1135. Crystenmas, Christmas, gk. 985. CuMMEN, j9.^. come, GK. 60,62. CuMPAs, purpose, gg. 596. CuNYSANCE, see Conysauncb. Cure, care, anxiety, go. 1098, 1229. D. Da, Daa, doe, aa. v. 2. gg. 226. Dabate, strife, gk. 2041. Dail, part, gg. 782. See Dole. 376 GLOSSARY. Daly, to dally, gk.1253. Daylyedbn,j9.<. 1114. Dalt, p. t. and p.p. dealt, gk. 452, 1114, 1664, 2449. Dangb, p. t. struck, c. 134. See Dyng. Dare, to manifest fear, tremble, gk. 2258. Dare, Dares, Darys, pr. t. gk. 315. aa. iv. 12. Darkis, Darkys, pr. t. lie hid, aa. iv. 12. V. 1. See DURKENE. fDARR, harm, Gr.K. 401. See Deere. Dase, the phrase here, on dose, gg. 712, is explained by Jamieson, alive, and I have no better interpretation to offer. Daw, to dawn, gg. 609, 732. Dawed,j3. #. (?) GK. 1805. Dawynge, dawning, aa. xxvii. 5. fDAYN, disdain, so. 179- Daynteths, dainties, aa. xv. 1, xxxvi. 4, xxxviii. 3. Daynetyuousely, daintily, aa. xxvii. 2. De, Dee, Deje, to die, gk. 996. gg. 511, 808, 1035. Dease, to injure, j. 172. Dered, p. t. gk. 1460. Debetande, debating, gk. 2179. Debonebte, good manners, politeness, gk. 1273. Dece, Deise, Des, Desse, dais or table of estate, gk. 61, 75, 222, 250. aa. xiv. 13. MS.D.xv. 1. GG. 66, 1154. Dede, death, aa. v. 2. viii. 7. gg. 270, 1215. •f-DEDis, probably a mistake for Tadis, aa. X. 4. Deere, Deih, Dere, harm, evil, gg. 497, 808,1266. Gr.K. 387, 407. Defende, p. t. defended, gk. 1156. Defold, p. p. vanquished or disgraced, gg. 967. Deir, Dere, joyfiil, delightful, ok. 47, 92, 1012, 1026, 1047; precious, costly, 75, 121, 193,571. 6G.66, 319,860,897; honorable, 564. Used substantively, man or Jcnight being understood, in the sense of worthy, noble, honorable, gk.'678, 928. aa. i. 4. GG. 206, 600, 785, 1284. Jamieson's in- terpretation of bold, daring, is, I think, wholly inadmissible. See Derely. Deir, Dee, Dere, deer, beasts of chace, gk. 1151, 1322. GG.226. Deise, see Dece. Dele, to deal, (a blow,) gk. 295, 560 ; to give, bestow. 1805, 2192 ; to partake, 1968. Deles, Delbn, pr. t. 397, 1266. Dele, n. part, share, Gr.K. 494. Dele, the Devil, gk. 2188. Delful, Delfulle, doleful, gk. 560. aa. xii. 11. MS. D. See Dulful. Dblfully, dolefully, aa. xxiv. 3. MS. D. xlvi. 8. Deliuer, active, nimble, gk. 2343. Deliuerly, quickly, gk. 2009. Demay, imp. dismay, gk. 470. Deme, to judge, deem, GK. 246, 1322, 2183. Demen, pr. <• judge, think fit, 1082, 1529. Demed, Demyt, ^. t. snAp.p. esteemed, judged, determined, 240, 1089, 1668. gg, 805. Denaye, to deny, refuse, gk. 1497. Denayed, p. t. refused, gk. 1493. Denez, Danish, gk. 2223. Compsire akc. 166, and see the Note of Du Cange on Villehardouin, p. 298, fol. Par. 1657. Dent. p. p. indented, gg. 66. Dbntte, blow, gc. 396. Dbpaynt, Depaynted, ^.;3. depicted, gk. 620, 647. Departed, ^.^ severed, divided, gk. 1335. Dbprece, to vanquish? gk. 1219. De- preced, Depbesed, p. t. vanquished, bore down, 6, 1770. Deray, disorder, aa. xl. 6, MS. D. Dere. see Deere, Deir. Dered, see Deaee. Deebly, joyfully, honorably, gk. 817, 1031, 1253, 1327, 1559. See Deis. Derf, strong, stern, gk. 564, 1000, 1233, 1492. GG. 859, 976. Dbrfly, DEEFBLY,strongly,fiercely,sternly, gk. 1183. AA. xxiv. 13. GG. 671, 680. Derne, secret, privy, gk. 558, 1012, 1047. GG. 840. GLOSSARY. 377 Dernly, Dernely, secretly, gk. 1188 ; si- lently? 2334. Derrest, noblest, gk. 445, 483. gg. 805. See Deir. Derworthly, honorably, gk. 114. Dbs, Desse, see Dece. Dbstbnyng, destiny, gg. 270. Deue, to confound, gk. 1286. Deued,/).^. confounded, aa. xxii. 4, MS. D. Deuinis, pr. t. decrees, gg. 1228. Deuore, Deuoir, service, duty, gg. 1048, 1266. Dew, p. t. dawned, gg. 600. See Daw. Deje, see De. DicHT, p.p. made, gg. 319. See Dijt, Did, Didden, see Do. Dyetes, diets, repasts, aa. XV. I.MS. D.reads diotes, -which Pinkerton and Jamieson misprint Drotes, and the latter explains by nobles! Mr. Guest has been deceived also by this false reading, although he might have found the genuine text in Laing's work. DiGNB, Dyngne, worthy, gk. 1316. gg. 9, 184. DiLLE, dull, foolish, GK. 1529. Dymmb, covert? a a. v. 1. MS. D. Dyn, noise, revelry, gk.47. Dyng, pr. t. smite, gg. 860. See Dange. •f-DYNNEz, pr. t. strikes, gk. 2105, perhaps an error for Dtngez. Dynnyt, p. t. roared, gg. 84. Dynt, stroke, blow, gk. 315, 560, 2105. gg. 829. DiNTEZ, DiNTis, Dyntes,Dyntez, Dyntis, Dynttez,|)2.gk.336, 202, 1460, AA. xl. 9, xlvi. 8. GG. 67, 542, 946. See DUNT. DiscBUER, to discover, gk. 1862. DiscRYE, to describe, gk. 81. DisFLESBS, imp. displease you, gk. 2439. DispoYLBD, ^.p. undressed, gk. 860. DissTRYEZ, ^r. t. destroys, gk. 2375. Distance, dissension, strife, gg. 448, 1362. Dysworship, disgrace, j. 419. DiT, p.p. fastened, gk. 1233. DijT,topronounce, make, GK. 295. Dyghiis, pr. t. get ready, aa. xxxix. 1, Dight, Dyght, imp. prepare, look after, j. 28. or.K. 312. Dight, Dighte, Dyght, Dyghib, D13T, DijTB, Dyjt,^. t. andjj.y. prepared, dressed, placed, disposed, made ready, gk. 114,678, 994, 1559, 1884, 1223, 1689. AA. i. 6, xiii. 4, xxvii. 2, li. 11. gg. 600, 732, 1029. go. 372, 550. J. 130. c. 469 ; treated, circumstanced, aa. xlv. 8, xlviii. 12. Do, to cause, gc. 27 ; place, lay, gk. 1492, gg. 1111. Dos HER FORTH, gOeS OUt, GK. 1308. Dos, imp. do thou, gk. 1533. DoTHE, do ye, gc. 619. Dotj, pr. t. doth, GK. 2211. Did, Didden, p. t. caused, GK. 1327. GG. 1298. Don, p. p. placed, GK. 478. DoEL, Dole, Dool, sorrow, torment, gk. 558. AA.xvi. 13, xliii. 8. gc 537. DoGHBTY, Dojty, Dujty, doughty, brave, GK. 724, 2264. Used substantively, man being understood, gk. 2334. AA. i. 11. Doughtyis, pZ. GG. 712. DoK, tail, GK. 193. Dole, part, gk. 719. See Dail. DoM, Dome, judgement, sentence, gk. 295, 1216, 1968. DoNKANDB, damp, moistening, gk. 519. DosER, back of a seat, gk. 478. In the Prompt. Pare, the "Docer of an hall," is explained dorsorium, auleum,i,e. hangings. DossouRS, cushionsfor the back, aa.xxxv.2. Doted, p. t. and p. p. became foolish, de- mented, GE. 1151, 1956. Douch-sferb, nobleman, GG. 1334. Duche- FBRES, pi. AA. i. 4. See DUGEFERS. Dourly, boldly, sternly, gg. 860. DouTE, fear, gk. 246, 442. Douth, Douthe, people, nobles, gk. 61, 1365,1415,1956. SeealsoNeroA.x.f.73''. fDowNE, probably a mistake of the tran- scriber, a a. xv. 2. The reading of MS. D. is, doubtless, correct. DowTTOUS, fearful, aa. xl. 9. Drad, p. p. afraid, aa. ix. 8, 9, MS. D. Drauelbd, p. t. slumbered fitfully, gk. 1750. 3 c 378 GLOSSARY. Drajt, drawbridge, gk. 817. DsECHCH, delay ? gk. 1972. Dredfulle, fearful, gc. 249. Dredles, void of dread, gk. 2334, Dreghe, Dreigh, see On-dreigh. Drefed, p.p. put to death, ok. 725. Dres, to prepare, go, gk. 474. Dresses, Dressez, pr. t. prepares, addresses, rises, 417, 445, 566. Dhesb, pr. t. pi. treat, gg. 997. Dressed, p. t. and p. p. placed, set, gk. 75, 2033 ; went, addressed themselves, 1415 ; rose, 2009. Drbuch, p. t. drew, gg. 706. Drbuede, ^.^. confounded, aa. xxii. 4. Drej, strong? gk. 1750. Used adverbially, 2263. Drejly, vigorously ? gk. 1026. Dre3t, see On-breioh. Drye, Drt3£, to endure, suffer, gk. 202, 560. AA. xi. 11. Drye, pr. t. aa. xvi. 13. Drightin, Dryjtyn, the Lord, gk. 724, 996, 1548. GG. 1111,1228. Dhiuande, driving, advancing quickly, gk. 222. Driue, p. t. drove, or.K. 7. Dryjb, see On-drbigh. Dry3E, calm, patient, gk. 335, 724 ; en- during, tough, 1460. Drop, p. t. drove, rushed, passed, gk. 786, 1151, 1176. Dronken, p. t. drank, gk. 1025, 1668. Drouping, Drowping, slumber, gk. 1748, 1750. Dro3, DR03EN, p. t. drew, gk. 1188, 1463, AA. xliv. 3. DR03T, drought, dryness, gk. 523. Drury, Drwrye, amour, love, gk. 1507, 1517, 2449 ; love-token, 1805, 2033. Dubbed, p.p. ornamented, dressed, clad, GK. 75, 193, 571. w'» DucHERY, dukedom, go. 1072. DucHTELY, doughtily, gg. 785. DuERGH, dwarf, gg, 79, 84. DuGEPBRs, DussiPERES, the Douze-Pairsof France, aa. xxii, 4. DuKiT,p,p. ennobled, made duke,GG, 1072. DuLEPULLY, dolefully, aa. xlviii. 12, DuLPUL, DuLBPULLE, doleful, grievous, gk, 1517. AA. xiii. 4. See Delpul. DuNT, DuNTE, blow, GK, 452, 1286. See Dynt. DuRANDLY, enduringly, gg, 335, Dure, to endure, j, 398. DuRKBNE, pr. t. He hid, aa, iv, 12, MS, D. V, 1. Pinkerton and Jamieson interpret this falsely, affright. See Darkis, DuscHAND, smiting hard, gg. 860, DuT, mirth ? gk, 1020. DuT, DuTTE, p. t. doubted, feared, gk. 222, 784, 2257. E. EppRAYT, p.^. alarmed, gg, 1259, Epte, after, afterwards, gk. 641,700, 788, 2388, Ept-sonez, fEpTER-soNES, forthwith, thereafter, gk, 1640, 2417, Egge, edge, gk, 212, Used for the axe itself, 2392. Eghne, Ene, Yenb, pi. eyes, aa. ix, 12, xxviii. 5, xlvi. 9, xlvii. 1. Elde, age, gk. 844, 1520, fELLE, for Ille, gk, 1811. Eln3Brde, ell-yard, gk. 210, Em, Emb, uncle, gk. 356, 543. Emdblbz, with equal sides, gk. 629. Emell, amidst? gg. 1230. Pinkerton prints this in mell, which it may also possibly be meant for. Empriotjr, emperor, gg. 1230. Enbaned, p.p. ornamented? gk. 790. The same term is used by the author in another poem, when describing the vessels used at Balthazar's feast : For ther wer bassynes ful bry3t of brende golde clere, Enamaylde w' azer, and eweres of sute ; Couered cowpes foul clere, as casteles arayed, Enbaned vnder batelment w' bantelles quoynt, GLOSSARY. 379 & fyled out of fygures of ferlyle schappes ; The coperounes of the canacles, that on the cuppe reres, Wer fetysely formed out in fylyoles longe ; Pinnacles py3t ther apert, that profert hitwene, etc. MS. Cott. Nero A. x.f. 77. Enbelyse, to embellish, gk. 1034. Enbrauded, Enbrawded, Enbrawden, p. p. embroidered, adorned, gk. 78, 166, 606. 856. Encheif, to accomplish ? gg. 1059. Endite, p. t. put (to death,) gk. 1600. Endorred, p. p. gilded, aa. xxxvi. 4. Ja- mieson renders it aiartmd. Endurand, enduring, gg. 434. Enb, see Eghne. Enesed, p. p. covered ? gk. 184. Eneuch, enough, gg. 1071. Enfoubled, p.p. wrapt up, gk. 959. Engrelede, p. p. interspersed, aa. xl. 2. Engreuit, p. t. angered, gg. 975. Enker, deep, intense? applied to color, GK. 150, 2477. Ennourned, ENNURNED,p.p. adorned, gk. 634, 2027. EwauBST, inquiry, gk. 1056. Enschbw, to prove, try, gg. 663. Ensenye, ensign, war-word, gg. 474, 845, Ensenyes, p2. 315. Enspringing, springing forth, gg. 1238. Entayled, p-f. interwoven, embroidered, GK. 612. Entyre ? GG. 704. Entyse, to acquire, gk. 2436. Er, ere, before, previously, gk. 92, 197, 712, etc. See AiK, Are. Erar, cowp. rather, sooner, gg. 511. Erber, the conduit leading to the stomach j a hunting term, gk. 1330. See A Jewell for Gentrie, 4to, 1614, sign.*F. 2. "To make the erber," says Sir Walter Scott, " is to disembowel the animal ;" but the er- ber certainly did not extend to the paunch, which is separately mentioned. See the Notes, p. 322. 3 Erd, Erde, earth, gk. 27, 140, 881. gg. 303, 1024. Erdez, pi. lands, gk. 1808. Erdly, earthly, gg. 1241. Ehyadnt, errant, gk. 810. Ernd, Ernde, errand, gk. 257, 559, 809. Ernest, a first payment by way of pledge to receive a larger, c. 248. Ertand, enterprising, gg. 393. Jamieson explains it, ingenious. EsTE, (?) aa. vii. 6. Etayn, giant, gk. 140. Etaynez, pi. 723. Ethe, pr. t. ask, gk. 379. 2467. Ethe, easy, gk. 676. Ettand, p.pr. eating, gc. 303. Ette.p. t. ate, GK. 113. Etyllede, p. t. aimed, aa. xlviii. 5. See Attle. EuENDEN,evenly? perpendicularly?GK. 1345. EuEz, borders? gk. 1178. Euybs, ivies ? Gr.K. 459. ExpouN, to describe, explain, gk.209. 1506. F. Fa, Faa, foe, gg. 911, 933. Faas, pi. used for sing. aa. xlvii. 12. See Fay. Fade, wan ? gk. 149. Fayly, to fail, GK. 1067. Failieis, Fail- YEis, Faylbz, pr. t. GK. 278, 455. gg. 1139,1239. Fair, action, proceeding, enterprise, gg. 570, 576, 731. . Jamieson is in error in inter- preting the. last of these instances, y^nera? solemnity, and has totally misunderstood the passage. Falb, fallow? grassy? ok. 728: Fall, Fallb; to befall, happen, gk. 483. AA. xxiii. 13. GG. 1007. Fallez, pr. t. befalls, appertains, gk. 1303, 1358, 2327. Falleth, pr. t. behoves, c. 253, 277. Falled, p. t. belonged, appertained, gk. 2243. Fallen, p. p. befallen, happened, 23. See Fell. Falsset, falsehood, 06. 1173. c 2 380 GLOSSARY. Famyt, p. t. foamed, bubbled, gg. 636. Fande, Faynd, imp. try, aa.xv. 11. GS.357. Fane, vane, gc. 255. Fane, Fayn, glad, joyful, gk. 388,840, 1067. GG. 83. In tayn, joyfully, 26. Jamieson interprets the last example, fondly. Fang, Fange, Fangin, to take, receive, ac- cept, GK. 391. GG. 45, 357, 554, 902. Fang, FAyais, pr. t. 576, 1002. Fangit, p.p. 421. Fannand, flowing, gk. 181. Fantise, Fayntyse, deceit, cowardice, gk. 2435. GG. 1222. Fantoun, phantom, illusion, gk. 240. Farand, goodly, gk. 101 ; going, riding, GG. 18. Farar, fairer, more honorable, go. 1035. Fardbllis, pieces, shivers, go. 1019. Fare, unusual display, entertainment, gk. 537, 694 ; behaviour, conduct, 1116, 2386 ; course, path, 1793; proceeding, adventure, 2494 ; onset, aa. xxxi. 9, xli. 6 ; conduct, speech, go. 169. c. 115; step, movement, action, go. 181, 451, 466. c. 343. See Fair. Fare, to go, journey, Gr.K. 506. YxiVL,pr.t. GG. 1293. Farez, imp. go ye, ge.2149. FareNj^.^). gone, 1231. Fatichion, falchion, Gr.K. 83,461. Fauoure, appearance, aa. xiii. 10. Faut, fault, GK. 1551, 2435. Fautes, Fawtes, pr. t. fails, aa. xxv. 7, xlv. 2. Fauting, loss, failure, gg. 1222. Fautlbs, Fatjtlbz, faultless, gk. 640, 1761. Faw, Fa we, variegated, aa. vii. 2. gg. 475, 1279. Fawlde, to embrace, aa. xxix. 12. Fawnb, pr. t. caress, gk. 1919. Fawty, faulty, gk. 2382, 2386. Fax, Faxe, hair, gk. 181. aa. xxix. 5. Fay, Fate, faith, aa. xxxi. 8. gg. 17. /. 443. TG. 92. Fay, foe, gg. 56. Fays, pi. 486. See Fa. Faynd, see Fand. Fayryje, enchantment, magic, gk. 240. Faythbly, certainly, gk. 1636. Fbald, truss (of straw,) c. 239. It is so ex- plained on the authority of Dr. Grainger in a MS. note in the Percy MS. Fearo, p.p. afraid, Gr.K. 232. Fbchtin, p. i. fought, gg. 758. Tedyrt, p.p. feathered, gc. 106. Feghtand, fighting, gg. 719. Fbill, Fel, Felb, Telle, many, gk. 122, 239,428,1566. AA.xxi. 2. 66.28,485. GC 638. Fele-folde, manifold, gk. 1545. Fbir, Ferb, demeanour, conduct, gg. 160, 810, 1264. See ArPERB. Fbir, Fere, companion, fellow, mate, gk. 676, 695, 915, 2411. gg. 280, 911. 1115. Feires, Ferez, pi. GK. 594. mg. 163. In feir. In fere, together, in company, GK. 267. AA. xxvi. 6. GG. 411, 565. GC. 516. Gr.K. 250. T6. 64. c. 103. Fel, Fell, Felle, fierce, bold, furious, cruel, GK. 291, 847, 874. aa. iv. 8, xv. 4. 66.570,802,932. 60.340. j. 366. TG. 229. AEC. 246. Used substantively, gk. 1585. Felajes, fellows, gk. 1702. Felajschyp, fellowship, gk. 652. Fblde, to fold, embrace, gk. 841. Felde, fold ? 6K. 890. Fbler, more, greater, gk. 1391. SeeFBiLL. Fell, Felle, hill, moor, gk. 723. aa. iii. 6. 66. 193, 1290, 1318. Fellis. pi. aa. i. 8, iv. 10, vii. 2. gg. 26. Fell, Felle, p. t. should befall, befell, gk. 1588. GG. 1200. See Fall. Felle, skin, hide, gk. 943, 1359, 1944. go. 352. Fellbz, pi. GK. 880, 1737. Fellelt, Felly, fiercely, cruelly, boldly, GK.2302. 66.576,762. Felloune, cruel, fierce, 6g. 670, 707. Felonosly, keenly, aa. iv. 8. Femed, p. <. foamed, gk. 1572. Fend, to defend, Gr.K. 84. Fbnyb, to feign, gg. 1187. Fenye, Fenyeing, deceit, 66. 745, 856, 1117. GLOSSARY. 381 Fenjbing, feigning, gq. 16. Feed, fourth, og. 656. FsRDE, host, troop, aa. xv. 4. Fesde, fear, ok. 2130, 2272. Ferde, Fbrden, p. t. proceeded, acted, gk. 149, 703, 1282, 1433. See Fare. Ferde, p. t. and p.p. feared, afraid, gk. 1295, 1588, 2382. Fere, bold, gk. 103. Ferk, to proceed, ride, gk. 1072, 1973. Ferkez, Fbrkkes, |3r. <. rides, rises, 173, 2013. Fbrked, p. t. ran, 2173. Ferly, wonder, marvel, ok. 7l6, 2414. aa. vi. 7, xxiii. 13. GC. 228. Ferlies, Fer- LYES, pi. GK. 23. aa. xxiii. 13, MS. D. xxiv. 1, MS. D. Iv. 7. See Furlby. Ferly, Ferlyly, wondrous, wondrously, GK. 388, 741, 766, 1694, 2494. go. 475, 795. Fehmysoun, Fernysone, a hunting term, applied to the time in which the male deer were closed, or not allowed tobekilled, gk. 1156. AA. i.8. Mr. Guest interprets it winter season. Ferre, afar, gk. 1093. Ferum, see On-perum. Fbst, to secure, fasten, og. 421. Fest, pr. t. GG.1324. Fest,j).^. GK.2347. Fbstned, p.p. 1783. Feted, p. t. (?) ok. 1282. Fetled, jj. J3. joined, gk. 656. Fetly, featly, gk. 1758. Fett, Fettb, p. p. fetched, brought, gk. 1084. GO. 430. 0.467. Feute, Fbwte, fealty, gg. 431, 1324. Feutred, p. t. fixed in the lance-rest, J. 50. See Feuter in Gloss, to Will, and IVer- wolf. Fey, p. p. dead, slain, aa. xxii. 2, MS. D. GG.6iO, 1067, 1110. Fych, to fix, GK. 396. FicHBDB, Fychbd, p. p. 658. AA. xxxix. 6. Fyers, fierce, spirited, j. 158. Fyked.p. t. shrank, was troubled, ok. 2274. Fildorb, gold thread, Fr. fil d'or, gk. 189. Fyled, p.p. ground, gk. 2225. Fylyolez, round towers? gk. 796. In Douglas the same term occurs in the form oifyellia. See Jamieson, in v. and also the quotation under Enbaned. Fyi,it, p.p. disgraced, gg. 1038. Fyllb, to fulfil, GK. 1405, 1934. Fylor, grindstone ? gk. 2225. Fylter, to weave ? gk. 986. See Jamieson, 2)1 V. Fyne, perfect, unconditional, gk. 1239. Fynisment, end, finish, gk. 499. Fynly, wholly? gk. 1391. fFiRE, perhaps a mistake for Fere, fear, GK. 1304. FiRMYScHAMis ? AA. i. 8. MS. D. Omitted in the Glossaries of Pinkerton and Ja- mieson. It has undoubtedly some con- nexion with Fbrmysoun. FiRRE, Fyrrb, ftirther, ok. 378,411, 1105, 2121. First, early, youthful, ok. 54. Firth, an inclosed wood, gg. 193, 1293. FlKTHBS, FiRTHIS, pi. AA. XXvi. 6. GG. 27. See Frithb. Fyskez, p. t. runs, gk. 1704. Fitt, division of a poem or lay, or.K. 263. Fy3ED,|). t. were fair? gk. 796. Flat, ground, field, gk. 507. Flaugh, Flaw, Flaj, Flaje,^. t. flew, fled, GK. 459, 2274, 2276. GG. 857. akc. 224. Flekbrit, ^.p. spotted, gg. 475. Flendris, splinters, gg. 915. Flet, Flbtte, floor, gk. 294, 568, 832, 859, 1374, 1653, 1925. Fletb, p. t. flitted, flew, gk. 1566. Flynd, flint, GG. 28. Flone, arrow, gk. II6I. Flonbz, Flon- nvs,pl.\S>66. 60.106. Flosche, flood, pool, GK. 1430. In Bar- bour, Flouss. Floten,/).^. removed, distant, ok. 714. Flure, flory, floured, AA.xxxi. 11, MS. D. Fnast, Fnasted, to brealhe hard, ok. 1587, 1702. See Glossary to Havelok, in v. and Reply to Singer's Remarks, p. 35. 382 GLOSSARY. FoYNED, p. t. kicked, gk. 428. FoYSouN, plenty, gk. 122. Fold, Folde, Fouldb, earth, ground, gk. 23, 196, 396. 422. aa. xxxiv. 2, xxxvii. 8. GO. 56, 570. FoLDBN, p. p. folded, gk. 959 ; plighted, 1783. FoLDEZ, imp. grantthou, gk. 359 ; pr. t. ac- cords, 499. FoLE, fool, GK. 1545. FoLOWED,p.p. baptised, aa. xviii.4, MS.D. See FuLLEDE. FoLY, foolishly, gk. 324. FoLjANDE, following, suitable, gk. 145, 859. FoLjEs, pr:<. foUows, gk. 1164. Foiled, p. t. followed, 1895. FoNDE, to try, endeavour, prove, gk. 291, 565, 986. FoNDE, MtJ/. might find, 1875. FoNDBT, Founded, p. t. attempted, proved, 1549, 2125, 2130. Fondene, see Found. FONDRED, FOUNDERIT, FoUNDRIT, p. t. foundered, gave way, aa. xlii. 9. gg. 640, 1022. FoNGE, to take, receive, gk. 816, 1556, 1622. FoNGEN, ^r. <. 1265. Fong, Fongb,/).<. 646, 1363, 1315. Fonge, Fongbd, |).J). 919, 1315. Foo, large, largely? gk. 1430, 2326. For, because, ok. 258 ; before? 965, 1822. FoR-BETT,^. p. thoroughly beaten, aa. 11. 8. For-blbdb, p.p. covered with blood, aa. li.8. FoRCB, matter, tq. 265. FoRDONB,^.jj. destroyed, aa. xxi. 10, MS. D. t FoRDWARD, covenant, gg. 1 329. See For- ward. FoRB, p. p. fared, c. 228. See Fare. f FoRBFORB, to destroy, kill, tg. 32. For- FBRDE, p. ^ GK. 1617. FORFARBN, p.p. GK. 1895. FOHE-LETB, to loOSC, GO. 209. FoRE-THOGHT, p. t. repented, go. 336. FoRGA, to lose, GG. 1183, 1189. FORLANCYNG, Cutting ofF, GK. 1334. FoRLORNE, p. p. destroyed, gg. 277. Forme, beginning, gk. 499 j foremost, gk. 2373. FoRNB, formerly? gk. 2422. FoROUTiN, without, gg. 499, 1286. FoR-sAKB, to deny, gk. 475. Forsokb, p. t. 1826. FoRsiBST, mightiest, gg. 786. FoRSNBS, strength, gk. 646. FoRssis, pr. t. enforce ? gg. 202. FoRSSY, powerful, mighty, gg. 487. Used substantively, 719. FORST, frost, GK. 1694. Forth, Forthb, Forj, ford, stream, gk. 1585,1617,2173. FoR-THi, FoR-THY, therefore, gk. 27, 240, 283, 455. AA. xxxiv. 9. gg. 364. Forward, Forwarde, covenant, gk. 1105, 1395, 1636. FORWARDES, FORWARDEZ, FoRBWARDES, pi. 378, 409, 1405. J. 35. FoR-woNDRBD, p.p. astonished, gk. 1660. AA. xxvi. 9, MS. D. FOHJATB, p. t. forgot, GK. 1472. FoR-3BLDB,«Mi;.requite,GK. 839, 1279, 1535. FoTEz, feet, gk. 574. FOTTB, to fetch, GK. 451. Found, to go, journey, gg. 884, 933. FOUNDBZ, FoUNDJS, FoWNDIS, pr. t. GK. 1585, 2229. aa. xxi. 1, 2. gg. 109, 370. 660. F0NDENB,|3r. *./)?. AA.xxi.l, MS.D. Found, Fowndedb, p. t. journeyed, aa. xxxi. 9. GG. 636,909, 1293. Founded, p.p. GK. 267. FouRCHBZ,pZ. a hunting term, applied to the forlcs or haitnclies of the deer, gk. 1357. The same term is used in the Boke of St. Alhan's, 1496. And after the ragge-boon kyttyth euyn also, Thejorchis and the sydes euyn bytwene, And loke that your knyues ay whettyd bene ; Thenne tume vp the farchia, and frote theym wyth blood, For to saue grece ; so doo men of good. Fra, from, gg. 58. Fbaist, Frayst, to ask, seek, gk. 409. aa. xxxii. 9. GG, 121. Frayst, Fraystez, GLOSSARY. 383 pr.t. ask, askest, ok. 279, 45S ; tries, 503. Frayst, Fraysted,^. j3. asked, 324, 391, 1395 ; tried, proved, 1679. Frastyn, to prove, GO. 902. See Fraist, Frestin. Fratit,^.|j. fretted? v^rought? go. 889. Frauce, deceit? cr.K. 355. Fraunchis, Fraunchysb, frankness, li- berality, GK. 652, 1264. Fray, to frighten, gs. 486. See Affray. Frayn, to seek, gk. 489. Frayned, p. *. and;3.j3. asked, 359, 703, 1046. Fre, noble, gk. 101,847, 1156, 1885, 1961. 6G. 138, 379. Used substantively, lady, being understood, gk. 1545, 1549, 1783. Freely, noble, lovely, used substantively, AA.xxix. 12. Freest, most noble, gk. 2422. Freie,Frek,Freke, man, warrior, gk. 149, 196,241,651. AA. xxi. 1, xxxi. 8. go. 56, 83, 106. Frekbz, gen. man's, gk. 537. Frekes, Frekez, Frehis, pi. men, 703, 840,1172. 00.370; persons, AA. vii, 1. Freyndfully, friendly, go. 1173. Fremedly, as a stranger, ok. 714. Fremmyt, strangers, og. 909, 1079. Frend, p. t. asked, Gr.K. 256. See Fbayn. Frenkysch, French? frank? jocular? ok. 1116. In the Chester miracle-play of The Deluge the term is used by Noah's wife. In faith, Noe, I had as lief thou had sleped, for all thy franJcish fare, For I will not doe after thy red. It is explained by the editor nonsense. See A Collection of English Miracle-Phys, etc. By W. Marriott, 8vo, Basel, 1838, p. 6. Frenyeis, fringes, gg. 318, 889. Fbes, p. t. froze, gk.728. Fresch, vigorous, gg. 1259- Freschly, quicldy, gk. 1294. Fbesonb, Frieseland horse, aa. xxxi. 8, xliii. 5. Frestin, to prove, oo. 911. Frest, p. t. 695. See Fraist, Frastyn. Fbetb, Fbett, Frmtts, p.p. fretted, laced, braided, aa. xxix. 5. oc. 422. or.K. 278. Fryddb for Fkyth, aa. i. 7, MS. D. Frithe, Fryth,Frythb, an inclosed wood, ok. 1430, 1973, 2151. aa. xxvi. 6,MS. D. or.K. 60, Frithes, Frythes, Frythez, Frythis, pi, GK. 695. AA. i. 8, MS. D. liii. 6. Frythede, p.p. wooded, aa. i. 7. Fro, from the time that, gk.8, 62; from, 1336. Frote, pr. t. rub, gk. 1919, Frounses, pr. t. wrinkles, contracts, gk. 2306. Frount, forehead, gk. 959. fFBOwE, from, gc. 118. Fruschit, p. t. rushed with violence, oo. 565,617. FuLYE, explained by Jamieson, leaf-gold, OG. 939. Fulybit, p. t. and p. p. injured, destroyed, GG. 928, 1110. FcLLEDE, p. p. baptised, aa. xviii. 4. See FOLOWED. FuLSUM, to help, aid, ok. 99. FuNDEN, j).p. found, GK.640. Funnestane, font, aa. xviii. 4. FuRE, p. t. went, rode, aa. Iv. 10. go. 676. Furley, n. wonder, marvel, or.K. 354. FuRLBYS, pi, 286. See Febly. Furley, adj. wondrous, or.K. 280. Furlenth, furlong, gg. 1279. FusiouN, abundance, oo. 222. Fust, hand? gk. 391. FuTB, Fuyt, track of a fox or beast of chace, by the odour, gk. 1425. See Bohe of St. Alban's, and Malory's Morte d^ Arthur, B. 18, ch. xxi. Also Gloss, to Will, and Wer- wolf, V. Feute. Gaa, Gay, to go, aa. v. 8. gg. 54. Ga, GAY8,yr.<. AA.V. 9. GG. 591. SeeGANE. Gay, an epithet, used substantively, and applied to both sexes, ok. 970, 1822, 2035. 384 GLOSSARY, AA. xli. 10. GO. 988. Hence we may, perhaps, correct the doubtful reading in QK. 1215. Gaylyakdb, sprightly, gay, used substan- tively, AA. xxxviii. 12. Gatn, to require, befit, gk. 584. Gayn, prompt, gk. 178 ; fit, proper, 1241. Gatn, Gaynb, promptly, quickly, gk. 1621, AA. vii. 7. Gaynest, nearest, speediest, gk. 1973. Gaynly, fitly, promptly, gk. 476, 1297. Gaystyn, Geystyn, to lodge, go. 146, 164. Gait, Gate, way, road, path, gk. 696, 778, 930. GG. 54,131,381. j. 121; enterprise, GG. 124, 744, 791. Gates, Gatis, pi. roads, ways, gk. 709. aa. iii. 2, vii. 7. Gambesounns, Gamesons, quilted dou- blet to defend the body, aa. xxxi. 3. Gamen, Gamene, Gamyn, sport, game, AA.v.7,xii. 3, MS.D. xxxiv. 7. gg. 1144. Gammenes, Gamnes, Gamnbz, pi, GK. 1319. AA. xii. 3, xxxi. 12. See Gomen. Gane, to go, GG. 8. See Gaa. Ganb, prompt, gg. 1027. See Gayn. Ganyeis, darts, arrows, gg. 465. Gar, Gabe, Gabb, Garee, to cause, aa. xvii. 2,xlix. 11. GG. 472, 1080. Gr.K. 147. TG. 23. Gaeed, Gart, Gabtb, p. t. and p.p. OK. 2460. AA. xxxvii. 13, Iv. 1. GG. 295, 880, 952. Garatouris, watch-towers, go. 482. Garet, turret, watch-tower, gg. 525. Ga- EYTEZ, pi. GK. 791. See Du Cange, v, GaritiB. Gargulbn, part of the inwards of a deer, apparently included in the numhles. gk. 1335, 1340. See Scott's Notes to Sir Tristrem, p. 387, ed. 1833. Garsone, Garysoun, treasure, reward, gk. 1255,1807,1837. AA. xii. 4, MS. D. Gae- SOMMES, GaRSONS, GeRSOMGS, pi. AA. xii. 4,liv. 8. Ga-st, p.p. afraid, ge.325. Gaudi, ornament? gk. 167. Gbp, p. t. see Gif. Geir, Geere, Gere, armour, gk. 569, 584. GG. 738, 987. Gr.K. 234; applied to spears, 672. Gerez, pi. apparel, gk. 1470. Gent, fair, comely, gg. 72. gc. 364. Used substantively, king being understood, gg. 1285. Gentrice, Gentrise, courtesy, honor, gg. 139,1105,1202. Gerez, pr. t. arrays, gk. 1872. Geebd, p. t. and^.p. dressed, arrayed, 179, 957, 2227 ; disposed, 791 ; made, fashioned, 1832. Geese, pr. t. causes, aa. xvii. 6. See Gar. Geserne, Giserne, axe, gk. 288, 326, 375, 2265. Get, booty, gain, gk. 1638. Geten, p. t. as\&.p.p. got, GK. 1171, 1625. Geteronb, Gyttorne, gitern, a sort of guitar, GO. 599. c. 466. fGEWES, pr. t. probably a mistake for Glewes, look, aa. x. 11. MS. D. reads Glowes. Ghestinq, lodging, hospitable reception, AKC. 65, 67. Gyde, attire, govyn, aa. i. 2, xxix. 2. Gip, to give, GK. 288, 365. Gbf, p. t. gk. 370, 668, 2349. Gif, Gipfe, Gine, if, aa. xlviii. 13. gg. 56, 329. TG. 25. Gyld, j).j). gilded, gk. 569. Gyllis, glens, aa. xxxiii. 2. The word oc- curs in the same sense in La Bone Flo- rence of Rome, ap. Ritson, iii. 60. The MS. D. corruptly reads grylles, which consequently finds a place in Jamieson's Dictionary. Gyng, assembly, gk. 224. Gird, to strike, smite, (governed by lef) gg. 106, 936. Gyrdez, pr. t. strikes, spurs, GK. 2160. Gird, GYB.Ti,pr.t. pi. spur, strike, gg. 912, 999. Giedede, Girdit, p. t. struck, AA. xlvii. 8 ; drew, gg. 848. See GtTRDENB. GiRDAND, spurring, riding, gg. 86. Gyrse, grass, aa. xxix. 2. Glade, to gladden, qk. 989, Gladit,p.<. entertained, gg. 208. GLOSSARY. 385 GLADLOKfeR, gladlier, gk. 1064. GLAiD,p.^ glided, rode, GO. 888. See Glod. Gi»4.M, noise, cry, clamor, gk. 1426, 1562. See also MS. Cott. Nero, A. x. f. esi). Glauerande, noisy, yelping, gk. 1426. The same term is used in the metrical Morte Arthwre, MS. Line. f. SO. Glauis, swords? gg. 558. Glaumandb, riotous, gk. 46. Glede, Gleed, Gleid, burning coal, ember, GK. 1609. AA.xxxi. 3, MS. D. go. 558. GC. 237. AKC. iii. 262. Gledez, Gledis, GLEDYS,pZ. GK. 891. AA. ix. 13,xxxi. 3. Glemand, gleaming, gg. 557. Glbnt, n. glance, gk. 1290. Glent, p. t. glanced, looked, gk. 82, 476 ; shone, 172, 569, 604; brightened, started up, 1652 ; shrank, 2292. Gleterande, Gltterandb, glittering, gk. 2039. AA. ii. 2, iii. 1, xxxvi. 3. Gltdande, gliding, gk. 2266. Glyftb, p. t. looked, gk. 2265. AA.xxviii. 5. MS. D. reads Glipfed, which is mis- printed Glissed by Pinkerton, and thence inserted in Jamieson's Dictionary. Glisnand, glistening, glittering, gg. 525, 652. Glister, pr. t. glitter, akc. 111. Glyjt,^. t. looked, gk. 842, 970. Probably only another form of Glyfte. Glod, p. t. glided, gk. 661. Glodb, clump, hillock, tuft? gk. 2266. Glodes, pi. 2181. Glomedb, j).^. gleamed, glowed, AA.xxxi. 3. Gloppb, Gloppynne, pr. t. wail, lament, AA. vii. 13. Gloppbned, Gloppbnyde, p. t, wailed, mourned, aa. viii. 1, xli. 10, xlii. 10. Glowand, glowing, AA.ix. 13. gg. 558. Glowes, pr. t. looks, aa. x. 11, MS. D. » GoANDE, going, walking, gk. 2214. Godauercy! an exclamation easily cor- rupted from God have mercy ! or.K. 138. Godly, Godlych, Goudly, goodly, cour- teously, GK. 273, 584, 1933. Gog, a corruption of God, ok. 390. 3 Gome, man, knight, warrior, gk. 151, 178, 325, 375. aa. xxxiv. 7, MS.D. (In this last instance Jamiesoif makes a strange blun- der, by joining the part, graithe on to the noun.) GO. 583, 698. Gomes,' Gommes, Gomys, pi. AA. V. 9, xxxvi. 3. GO. 1169. GoMEN, game, sport, gk. 273, 661, 1014, 1376. GoMNES, GpMNBz, pi. 495, 683, 1894. See Gamen. GoMBNLY, playfully, ok. 1079. GoPNYNG, affright ? gk. 2461. Gorde, p.^. gird, ok. 1851. GoRDEZ, pr. t. strikes, spurs, gk. 2062. See Gird. GoRGER. wrapper or covering for the throat, OK. 957. GosT, spirit, life, gk. 2250. GosTLYCH, ghostly, GK. 2461. GoTj, pr. t. goeth, goes, gk. 375, 1293; imp. go ye, 2119. GouLEZ, GouLis, GowLEz, GowLis, gules, gk. 619, 663. GO. 21, 603. Gracons, Greek ? gk. 216. Graibd, ^.^. a contracted form of Grai- TH-BD, arrayed, aa. xxxi. 4, MS. D. Graybs, pr. t. becomes gray, gk. 527. Graynb, to groan, go. 472. GRANB8,yr. t. aA. xlvii. 9. Graith, imp. prepare or undertake thou, gg. 124. Graithis, Gbaytkbz,j»-. ^. makes ready, goes, gk. 2014. gg. 170. Grai- THiT, Gbaythbd, Graythede, p. t. and p.p. arrayed, dressed, prepared, gk. 74, 109, 151, 666, 876, 2259. aa. xxxi. 4, xl. 1. GO. 131,482, 547, 603, 1262 ; accom- plished, 1267. Grayth, Graythe, ready, prepared, ok. 448, 597, 2047. Graithly, Graythely, readily, speedily, OK. 417, 876, 1006, 1335. AA. xl. 1. go. 54, 1023 ; steadfastly, cheerfiilly ? gk. 1470, 2292. Grame, anger, 3. 98 ; mischief, or.K. 392. See Grem. Gramest, most angry, gg. 471. Jamieson chooses to interpret this warlifce. 386 GLOSSARY. Granes, pi. groans, aa. xlviii. 9. Gbant-mebci, Graunt-mbrcy, gramercy, thanks, gk. 838, 1037, 1392. ■^Grasse for Grease, c. 19. Ghat, p. t, wept, gg. 1141. See Grete. Gbathest, readiest? aa. xxxiv. 10, MS. D. Grattest, greatest, gk. 207, 1441. Gbe, degree, dignity, superiority, gg, 698, 1162. Grechbs, pr. t. grows angry ? aa. xli, 4. Greif, rage,. passion, gg. 925, 960. Grbif, adj. heavy? gg. 1262. Greis, steps, GG. 482. Grem, Gremb, anger, ge. 312, 1507, 2370 ; mischief, 2251. See Grame. Gremed, p. t. was grieved, aa. xli. 4. Gren, to roar, c. 213. Grenne, pr. t. made game, ge. 464. Gres, Gresse, grass, ge. 235, 2181. Gret, p. t. greeted, accosted, gk. 842, 1933. GG. 377. Grete, used substantively for nobles, great' men, ge. 2490. Grete, n. cry, aa. xxv. 12, xxvi. 1. Grete, Gretyne, to cry, weep, gk. 2157. aa. viii. 8, xxii. 5, Gretes, Grete, jjr. t. vii. 13, xlvi. 9. Grett, p. t. viii. 1. Greue, grove, copse, gk. 1355, 1707, 1898, 1974. Greubs, Greuez, Greuys, pi. 207,508. AA.v.8, xxvi. 2, MS.D.lii. 2. Grebes, greaves, leg-armour, ge. 575. Grbundes, greyhounds, aa. v. 8, MS. D. Jamieson most absurdly explains this Gryed,/). ^.trembled, was agitated, gk. 2370. Grille, to torment, aa. xlix. 8. Grilles, pr. t, torments, xxxiii. 6. Grylle, hideous, frightful, aa. xlviii. 9. + Geylles, see Gyllis. Grymmb, cruel, gk. 2260. Geyndel, wrath, fierce, ge, 2338. Gryndel-laye, anger, fierceness, gk. 312. GryndellV, wrathfully, gk. 2299. Gryndelston, grindstone, gk. 2202. Grip, possession, tenure, gg. 1169. Gaip- pis, pi. grasp, gripe, 347. Gripped, Grippit, Gryped. p. t. grasped, GE. 421, 1335. GG. 1026. Grisly, horribly, fewfuUy, aa. xlvii. 2, 9. Grythe, respite, aa. v. 7. Grome, Grume, man, knight, ge. 1006. GG. 105, 148, 1000, 1114. Gromys, Grumys, pi. 8, 1027, 1144. Gronybd, p. t. grunted as a wild-boar, gk. 1442. Grosse, — In grossb, all together, gg.1168. Groun, to bellow, go. 238. Geowelynge, grovelling, aa, xlvii. 8. Gruch, to grudge, gk. 2251. Gruchyng, misliking, gk. 2126. Grulingis, gen. abs. in a grovelling attitude, GG, 1024. Grume, Grumys, see Grome. Grwe, will ? GK. 2251 . Compare Grieu and Gre in Roquefort. Gudly, courteous, complaisant, aa. li. 2. GuRDBS, pr.. t. smites, aa. xlv. 10. Gur- DENE, pr. t. pi. spur, xxxix. 1, MS. D. See Gird. H. Habbe, Habbes, HABB£z,pr. t. have, hast, GK. 327, 452, 626, 1252. Haches, racks for hay, aa. xxxv. 6, MS. D. See Hbcee. Haden, p. t.pl. had, gk. 52, 1446. Hadbt, p.p. at enmity? gk. 681. Hay ! exclamation or cry of the hunters, gk . 1158, 1445. In the former instance it is most incorrectly rendered hedge by Mr. Guest, Hist, E. R, ii. I69. See Hyghb. Hail, all, gg. 434. Haylce, to embrace, salute, gk. 2493. Haylses, pr. t. 972. Haylsbd, p. t. 223,810, 829. See Halch, Halsed. Ha;lly, Halely, wholly, gg. [175, 1299, 1317. Hailsing, encounter, gg. 703. Hait, eager, courageous, gg. 742 ; used ad- verbially J hotly, fiercely, 949. Halawed, ^, ;). hallooed, gk. 1723. fHALOB, neck, gk. 427. GLOSSARY. 387 Halch, to salute, embrace, mg. 65. Hal- CHED. p. t. and p. p. GK. 939. MG. 73. See Halsed, Haylce. HALCHBz,/)r. t. fastens, ok. 1613. Hal- CHED, p. t. looped, fastened, 185, 218. 657, 1852. Hald, stronghold, gg. 371, 583. Haldand, holding, gg. 259. Halde, to hold, GK. 1125. Haloes, Hal- DEZ, pr. t. holds, 53, 627. Halden, p. t. held, 124 ; p. p. obliged, bound, 1040, 1828 ; esteemed, 1297. HALi.^.p.held, 2079. In the last instance we recognise the common phrase of hold up, as applied to the heavens. Hale, whole, gg. 602, 1344. Halely, see Hailly. Hales, j)r. t. drives, rushes, gk. 136. Haled, Halled, p. t. rushed, 458 ; rose, 788 ; pulled, hauled, 1338 ; shot, discharged, 1455 ; p. p. pulled I 157 ; gone, 1049. In most if not all the above instances the radical meaning of quick motion is pre- dominEmt. Seelhre, Gloss. Suio-Goih.,v. Halla, in the 7th signification. Half, behalf, gk. 2149. See Halue. Halydam, reliques of the saints ^ gk. 2123. See HoLYDOME. Halm, handle, gk. 218, 330, 2224. Hals, Halse, neck, gk.621, 1353, 1639. Halsed, p. t. saluted, aa. xxvii. 8, MS. D. c. 190. See Halch, Haylce. Halsumly, comfortably, gk. 1731. HALTANE,haughty, proud, used substantive- ly, GG.962; precious, 963. SeeHAWTANE. Halue, behalf, gk. 326, 692, 2119 ; side, 742, 1552. Halue, pi. sides, gk. 2070, 2165. See Half. Haluendelle, half^part, aa. 1. 2. Haljez, saints, ok. 2122. Hamlounez, pr. t. a hunting term, used of the wiles of the fox, ok. 1708. So in the Boie of St. Alban's, 1496. And yf your houndes at a cbace reime there ye hunte, And the beest begynto renne,ashairteabeuwoute, 3 D Or for to hant/lon, as dooth the foxe wyth his gyle. Or for to crosse, as the roo doth otherwhyle. And in the older treatise of Twety, MS. Cott. Vesp. A. xn. f. 6t>. " Sohow gothe to alle maner of chaces, and coviplyng, and dyscouplyng, but if yowre houndes renne to one chace, that is to seye, rusejt, or hamylone, or croisethe, or dwelle, and they conne not put it no ferthere, ye shal seye. Ho so, amy, so, venez a coupler." Hence also may be explained the passage so miserably glossed in Heame's Peter Langtoft, p. 308. With hanelon tham led, to mak the purale. Han, pr. t.pl. have, gk. 23, 1089, 2093. Hanselle, specimen, first occurrence, gk. 491. See Honde-selle. Hap vpon he3e, a phrase somewhat equi- valent to hap-hazard, gk. 48. Hapnest, most fortunate ? gk. 56. Happed, p.p. fastened, gk. 655 ; wrapped, 864. Happunys, ^?. fortunes, chances, gg. 825. Harbarkowe, ^.p. lodged, Gr.E. 348. Harborowe, Harborhow, Harbrowb, lodging, GC. 137, 147. Gr.K.300. c. 145. See Herberrow. Hardyne, (?) 6C. 241. Hare, hoary, aa. iv. 6. See Hore. Harle, pr. t, drag, aa. xv. 5. Harled, p.p. drawn, trailed, gk. 744. Harrowes, pr. t. robs, plunders, gk. 420. The oath here used may be found also in Chaucer and Lyndsay. Has, pr. t. have, gg. 453. Hasppbz,^'. t. clasps, gk. 1388. Hasped, p.p. clasped, closed, 281, 590, 831. Hastlbttez, part of the inwards of a wild boar, GK. 1612. In modern writers spelt harslets and haslets. See Richardson's Dictionary. Hat, Hatte, pr. i. am named, gk. 253, 381, 2445 ; is called, 10. Hattbs, art named, 379, 401. See Heght. 388 GLOSSARY. Hathel, Hathill, properly an adjective, but used substantively to denote generally a noble person, knight, or warrior, gk. 221, 234, 256, 309, 655, 844. GO. 900, 952, 963, Applied to God, gk. 2056, and to an attendant, 2065. Hatheles, Ha- THELESB, HaTHELLES, HaTHELEZ, Ha- THiLMS.yZ. GK.829, 895,949, 1138, 1602. aa. iv. 5, MS. D. X. 13. xxxviii. 7, xlvi. 1. GO. 1299. See Athel. Hatteeit, p. t. shattered, gg. 702. Hat3, hath, gk, passim. Haubeeghe, Hawbeeke, Hawbegh, hauberk, cuirass, gk.. 203, 268. Gr.K. 82. Hawe, azure, aa. ii. 5. Hawtane, proud ; used adverbially, gg. 923, and substantively, 949. See Haltane. Hawtesse, nobility, power, gk. 2454. Hajer, more noble, gk. 352, 1738. fHEATHENNEST, heathendom, akc. 55. Hecht, promise, vow, gg. 293. Hecke, rack for hay, c 232, 258. Hekkes, pi. AA. XXXV. 6. See Haches. Hep, p. t. heaved, hove, raised, gk. 120, 826, 1587. Heoht, p. t. was named, gg. 654, 742. See Hat, Hett. Heghtb, Height, b. See On heghte. Heigh, tall, gg. 900. Heill, to submit ? gg. 1309. Heynd, Heyndly, see Hendb. Heir, host, army, gg. 1299. See Heee. Heldandb, bowing, inclining, gk. 972, 1104. Hblden, to ride, follow, gk. 1692. Hel- i)EZ,pr.t. moves, advances, 221. Held, Heldet, p. t. set, went down, 1321 ,' moved, went back, 2331 ; went, led, gg. 126,132. IIE1.DEN, p.t.pl. went, rode, GK. 1922. Heldee, more, in agreaterdegree, gk. 376, 430. A word still preserved in Lancashire and the North. See also Ihre, v. Hcelhr. Hble, Helle, health, prosperity, gg. 1103, 1176. GO. 171. Hblyn, to heal, gg. 882. Heling, covering, aa. ix. 4, MS. D. See HlLLYNGB. Hem, them, gk. 862. A\. passim, MS. D. Heme, close, tight? gk. 157. Hbmely, secretly, closely, gk. 1852. Dan. Hendb, Hbynd, fair, courteous ; an epithet applied to both sexes, gk. 108, 405, 467, 647, 896, 1104, 1731. AA. xxix. 13. GG. 126, 924, 1246. Used substantively, knight or lady being understood, gk. 827, 946, 1252, 1813, 2330. aa. liv. 9. gg. 183, 219. Hendb, ^/. used substantively, GG. 132. Hendelayk, courtesy, gk. 1228. See also MS. Cott. Nero A. x. f. es^. Hendeste, fairest, gk. 26. aa. xi. 1. Hendly, Hendely, Heyndly, fairly, cour- teously, well, GK. 773,829,895, 1228. aa. iv. 5, xxvii. 8, xxxv. 6. gg. 132, 358. Henges, pr. t. hangs, gk. 182. Henged, p. t. hanged, 732, 1345. See Hynqe. Henne, hence, gk. 1078. Hent, to take, receive, gk. 827. Hentes, pr. t. 605. Hent, Rente, p. t. 864, 983, 2277, 2317. GO. 393. Gr.K. 82. Hent, p.p. OK. 2323, 2484. aa. xxxviii. 7. Her, Here, their, gk. 54, 120, 428, ei pass. AA. iv. 3, MS. D. etpass. gc. 175, 648. Heeande, hearing, gk. 450. Heebeb, lodging, gk. 755, 812. Hbrbeb, to lodge, gk. 805. Herbbeed, p.t. 2481. Hbebereow, Heeboeow, Herbrow, lodging, GC. 126, 173, ,342. c. 167. See Harborowe. Herborow, to lodge, go. 143. Herbory, lodging, go. 184. Herde, coarse ? aa. ii. 5, MS.D. Hebe, host, army, gk. 59, 2271. gg. 1147. See Heir. Here, hair, ok, 180, 436 ; bristles, 1587- Heee, loss. Injury, OG. 703. Herb, to praise, gk. 1634. GLOSSARY. 389 HERED-MEN,HiRDMpNNB,courtiers.nobles, attendants, oe. 302. aa, iv. 5. Herle, twist, fillet, gk. 190. Herre, higher, oe. 333. Herscm, devout ? gk. 932. Hes, Hest, order, bidding, ge. 1039, 1090, 1092. Hestes, j9?. promises, aa. xix. 1, MS.D. Hest, highest, nobRst, gk. 550. Hete, to promise, gk. 2121. Hete, Hett, HETTEZ,pr.<.GK.44a. AA. xix. 1. GC.411. C.462. Hette, ^.^. GK. 450. See Hyjt. Heterly, Hetterlt, violently, strongly, GK. 1152, 1446, 1462, 1587, 2311; quicHy, suddenly? 2291, 2317. See Gloss, to Will, and Werwolf, v. Hetterli, Hetes,^/. promises, gk. 1525. Hethen, Hethynne, hence, gk. 1794, 1879. AA. 3CX. 13. Hett, p. t. was named, Gr.K. 40. See Heght. Hebch, p. t. hewed, gg. 702. Heue, heavy ? gk. 289. Heuen, pr. t.pl. raise, ge. 1346. Heuen- ed, p.p. raised, gk. 349. See MS. Cott. Nero A. x. f. 64. Hexten-ryche, heaven, ge. 2423. Hewen, p.p. forged, gk. 211. Hewes, colors, GK. 1761. See Huwe. Hewyne, heaven, gg. 1317. Hbwys, pr. t, strike ? aa. xv. 5. Hej, He3E, high, gk. 48, 222, 593 ; noble, 812,831; important, 1051. Used adverb- ially, 1417. See H13E. Hejly, loudly, devoutly? gk. 755, 773, highly, greatly, 949; nobly? 983. TIicHT, height, gg. 900. Hide, Hyde, skin, body, ge. 2312. go. 564. Hider, hither, ge. 264. . Hidwies, hideous, gg. 727, 861. Hyb, Hyj, to hasten, ge. 2121. akc. 72. Hy3ES, Hyjez, pr. t. 521, 1351, 1462. H13EN, Hyjen, pr. t. pi. OE. 1910. aa. X. 7, MS. D. Hye, Hyje, imp. hasten thou, GE. 299- J. 127- Hijed, Hyit,^. t. gk. Ill, 826, 1153. HiGHB, H13, Hy, Hyb, Hyje, haste ; always preceded by in or on, gk. 245. aa. iv. 5, MS. D. xxxii. 1, xxxviii. 7, MS. D. liv. 9, MS.D., GO. 735, 926, 949. Gc. 287. Hyghe ! shout or exclamation of the hunters, GE. 1445. See Hay. Hight, Hijt, Hyghe, Hyght, Hyjt. See On heghte. HiLLYNGE, covering, aa. ix. 4. See He- ling. f Him for Hem, ge. 49. Hynge, p. t. hung, GO. 535. See Henges. Hint, Hynt, to take, receive, gg. 674, 803. Hynt,^. t. anAp.p. took, taken, received, 527, 703, 727 ; went, 62. Hypped, p. t. hopped, jumped, ok. 1459, 2232. Hirdmenne, see Hered-men. Hit. it, joined to a plural noun, as in Ger- man, OK. 280,1251. H13E, Hyghe, Hyje, noble, gk. 120 ; loud, 307, 468, 1165, (not long, as Mr. Guest would have it,) 1602 ; tall, 1154. Used substantively for heights, high ground, gk. 1152, 1169, 2004, in the two former of which instances Mr. Guest explains it very erroneously by hedge. Hist. E. R. vol. ii.p. 169. So, in the Wycliffite Bible, 1 Kings, cap. 9 : " To-day forsothe he came into the cytee, for to-day is sacrifyce of the peple in the heey)." MS. Trin. Coll. Dubl. A. 1. 9. HijLicH, noble, admirable ? ge. 183. Hyjt, pr. t. promise, go. 378. Hyghte, Hyjt,;). ^promised, ok. 1966, 2218. oc. 591. Hyjt, height, stature, gk. 332. Hyjthet, high, tall, gc. 259. H13TLY, fitly, GK. 1612. Ho, she, GK. 934, 948, 1001, II91, 12O6. AA. iii. 1, et passim, MS. D. HocHis, houghs ? GO. 674. Hod, Hodb, hood, gk. 155, 2297. Hoe! Hoo! halt! stop! ge. 2330. T6.121. HoL, Hole, Holle, whole, entire, gk, 1338, 1406, 1613, 2296. 390 GLOSSARY. Hold, Holde, castle, mansion, gk. 771- GO. 146, 186. Gr.K. 348. c. 100. HoLDE, faithfully, gk. 2129. HoLDELT, faithfully, carefully, ok. 1875, 2016. HoLEEDE, p.p. sunk, AA. ix. 12. HoLLE, HoLji hollow, GK. 2182. AA. ix. 12. HoLLBN, the holly, mg. 55, 102. Holyn- BOBBE, holly-bough, gk. 206. Holly, wholly, gk. 1049, 1257. Hoi.ST,pr. t. holdest, gc. 481. Holt, Holte, forest, gk. 1677, 1697. aa. Iv. 8. HOLTEZ, HOLTIS, pi. GK. 1320. AA. iv. 6, V. 5, Iv. 9. gg. 234,470. Holt wodez, gk. 742. See Chalmers' Gloss, to Lyndsay, in v. HoLTDOME, salvation ? j. 372. See Haly- DAM. HoM, them, gk. 99, 819, 979, 984. HoMEHED, p. t. hammered, struck, gk. 2311. Honde-selle, gift conferred at a particular season, gk. 66. See Hakselle. Hone, Houne, delay, gk. 1285. oo. 849. Also used by Barbour. Hope, ^r.<. think, trust, gk. 140,352, 2301. Hopes, thinkest, tnistest, 395. Hob, their, gk. 130, 1014, 1127, 1139. HoRE> hoary, gk. 743. See Hare. HoBLOTEz, vagabonds, gk. 244. HoRS, pi. horses, gg. 674. Hose, pr. t. embrace, akc. 151. Not in Brockett, but inserted by Grose as a North country word. It is evidently formed from Ho so, whoso, AA. ii. 3, MS.D. ix.9, MS.D. Hostel, inn, dwelling, gk. 805. HovAND, tajrying, waiting, gg. 905. HouED, p. t. tarried, gk. 7S5, 2168. See HuviT. HouEs, pi. hoofs, OK. 459. HouPE, p. t. heaved, oc. 356. Hovyne, p.p. heaved, raised, 551. HojEs, houghs, GK. 1357. KuLT, hilt, GK. 1594. Hunt, huntsman, hunter, gk. 1422, 1701. HUNTBS, pi. 1147, 1604, 1910, AA. V. 5, MS.D. HuRDYS, hurdles, go. 470. HuRSTES, woods, AA. V. S, MS. D. HuviT, p. t. tarried, gg. 840. Misprinted by Pinkerton and Jamieson Hewit. See HoUED. HuwE, HwE, color, complexion, gk. 147, 234. AA. ix.4, MS.D. HwES, HwEZ, pi. GK. 707, 867, 1738. HrwES, hills, aa. v. 5, MS.D. HwEN, pr. t. hew, cut, gk. 1346. I.J. i I-ARMYD, p.p. armed, oc. 74. I-BONDE, p.p. bound, GO. 91. I-CHAROiD, p.p'. loaded, go. 567. IcHB, each, gk. 126, 1811. I-CLEPPYDB,p.p. named, oc. 16. I-cowERT, p.p. covered, go. 357. I-DYGHTB, I-DYjT.p. p. prepared, gc.504, 640. See D13T. I-FERE, together, GC. 554. See Fere. I-HOLDB, p.p. held, accounted, 6C.90. IissE-iKELES, icicles, gk. 732. I-KEUERiD, p.p. covered, oc. 552. IlYCHE, (?) GK.44. Ilk, Ilke, same,-GK. 24, 1062, 1256, 1385. AA. i. 10. GG. 1157. Ilk, Ilka, Ilkea, each, AA. iii. 10. go. 473, 474. Ilkane, each one, 00.-348, 1244. Illuiiumat, p.p. enlightened, gg. 394. In, Inn, castle, mansion, gg. 1161. gc.217. C.139. Inclinand, Inolynand, bending, gg. 383, 387. In hight, on high, aloud, Gr.K. 423. See .On heghte. In nogh. In noghe, Inoj, Inoje, In nowe, Ynoghe, enough, ok. 77, 219^404, 514, 1401,1948. AA.xxix. 12. 't'l-NORE, a mistake of the scribe for I-noje, enough, aa. xxix. 11, MS. D. Jamieson, however, inserts itas a legitimateform, and finds an Anuoric root for it!!! GLOSSARY. 391 Intrometting, admission, gg. II71. IN--WYTH, within, gk. 1055. In Pinkerton's text this word is printed erroneously Ru- vnth, which is inserted by Jamieson in his Dictionary, and the latter hazards on it, as usual, one of his absurd conjectures as to meaning. I-PERESCHDE, p. /). destroyed, lost, gc. 374. + I-QVERE, every where, gk. 660. See Ay- QUERE. Iral, (?) AA. xlvi. 5. See Notes, p. 334. It is misprinted Sral by Pinkerton, and ad- mitted in this disguised form by Jamiei- son. Perhaps it is the same as ta-ielle, which we cire told by Sir John Maunde- vile, " is a ston well schynynge." Voiage, p. 48, ed. 8vo., 1839. ^ Irke, incommoded, aa. vi. 12. Irked, p. t. were angry ? strove ? gk. 1573. IscBE, to issue, GG. 253. I-SET, /).p. set, GO. 84. Ithandly, diligently, gg. 231, 308. I-TOLDB, p.p. told, GC. 96. +I-visfor I- WIS, GO. 549. I-WIS, I-WISE, I-WYIS, I-WYS, I-WYSSE, Y-WYS, truly, certainly, gk. 252, 264, 1035, 1065, 1226, 1230, 1276, etc. aa. xiii. 3, XV. 12, xvii. 1, MS. D. xix. 13. gg. 177,288,341. 60.17,266,658. J. 215, 309. I-WYSSE I WOT, GK. 1487. I-WYSSE I WENE, AA.xxiv.4. Manifestly the Saxoii adjective gems, used adverbially. Several writers, and among them I include myself, (Gloss, to Will, and the Werwolf,) have erroneously explained this word / Icnow, considering it equivalent to the Germ, ich weiss; but although satisfied about its origin, I still have my doubts whether it was not regarded as a pronoun and -verb, by the vreiters of the fifteenth century. I-WRYTE, ^.p. written, gc 18. I-WHOGjT, p.p. made, formed, gc. 333, Japez, jokes, jests, gk. 542, 1957. Jappyst, pr. t. jokest, go. 201. Jbntyle, gentle, of noble birth or breeding, used substantively, gk. 542. JoYPNES, youth, GK. 86. JoYLEZ, pi. jewels? ok. 542. JOLILE, JOLYLY, gaily, GK. 42. AA.XXXix.8. JouRNAY, enterprise, gg. 7S9. K. See also C. Kachande, catching, reiningup,GK. 1581. Kay, left, gk. 422. A word probably in- troduced by the Danes. See Molbech's Dansk Dialect- Lexikm, in w. Kau, Kei, and Outzen's Gloss. derFriesischen Sprache, in V. Kei. Kayrb, to journey, depart, gk. 1048, 1670. Kayhe, pr. t. go, return, aa. liii. 13. Kaybed, p. t. and p. p. turned, returned, travelled, gk.43. or.K. 123. Kanel, collar, neck, qk. 2298. See Canel- BONE. Kautelle, guile, caution, aa. xviii. 2. Kauelacioun, strife, gk. 2275. Kajt, Kajten,/)?-. t. received, took, gk. 643, 1118. Kele, to assuage, aa. iv. 4, xvi. 6. Kell, Kelle, dress for a lady's head, caul, AA. xxix. 6. Gr.K. 261. Kempys, knights, tg. 6. Kbnd, p.p. known, gg. 1211, 1325. Kende, p. t. taught, GK. 1489. Kene, bold, brave, GK. 321. gg. 185. Kenet, hound, gk. 1701. Kenettis, pi. AA. iv. 4. Jamieson in his Supplement in- serts this word from Sibbald, at the same tune professing his ignorance whence the former had derived it, a tolerably con- vincing proof how carelessly he had read the poem of Sir Gawan and Sir Galaron, as printed in Pinkerton. Kenly, boldly, gk. 1048. Kenne, ^r. t. commend, gk. 2067. Kennes, pr. t. teaches, gk. 1484. Kepb, n. care, heed, gk. 546. AA.xxxviii. 2. J. 74. Kepe, to heed, or meet in a hostile way, GK. 307. Kepe, imp. take heed? 372. Keppes, pr. t. catches, strikes, aa. xlviii. 392 GLOSSARY. 7, MS. D. Kepit, |J. <. and ;j. p. received honorablyi gg. 178 ; guarded, 44. Kbrchofes, kerchiefs, coverings for the head, gk. 9S4. -f-KEBE, to recover, cure, aa. xvi. 6. Ap- parently a mistake for, or contraction of heiiere. In The Erie of Tolous, ap. Rit- son, iii. 119, occurs dyaJcere for discover. Mr. Guest misprints the word keen, and explains it drive from .' Hist. E. R. ii. 292. Kerre, rock, gk. 1431. Kest, chance, blow ? gk, 2298 ; twist, knot, 2376 ; stratagem, 2413. Kest, ^.<. and p. p. raised, gk. 64 ; cast, 228, 1192, 1355 ; thought, formed a plan, 1855 ; set, appointed, 2242. Kesten, p. t.pl. cast, 1649. Keuer, to arrive, accomplish, gk. 750, 804 ; gain, 1221, 1254 ; recover, 2298. Ke- UEREZ, pr. t. obtains, brings, 1539 ; de- scends, 2221. Keuered,^. ?. recovered, 1755. This participle occurs in aa, xlvii. 1, MS. D., and is misprinted by Pinkerton Icenered, which is repeated by Jamieson, who both in his DictionaryandSuppIement wastes a great deal of absurd and useless argument on it. The real reading is esta- blished by couerde, i. e. recovered, of the Lincoln MS. Kyd, Kydde, KYDE,/i.^.known, renowned, GK. 51, 263, 1520. AA. i. 3,xi. 9. Kyd, Kydde, p. p. directed, gk. 775 ; shewed, manifested, 2340. fKiDE, for Kith, country, aa. xii. 8, MS.D. Falsely explained by Jamieson, shew, ap- pearance. Kin, Kyn, n. kind, gk. 890, gg. 517. Kynnes, gen. c. gk. 1886. Kynde, n. lineage, race, gk. 5 ; nature, dis- position, reason, 321, 1348, Kynde, adj. suitable, gk. 473. Kyndely, suitably, gk. 135. Kynrik, kingdom, OG.407. Kyrf, cut, blow, GK. 372. Kyrk, church, gk. 2196. Kibnelue, p.p. embattled, aa. Iii. 4. Kyrtel, tunic, gown, gk. 1831. Kith, Kyth, Kythe, coimtry, land, terri- tory, kingdom, gk. 460, 2120. aa. xii. 8, xxviii. 9. gg. 192, 320, 1251, 1352. Kyth, to shew, gg. 376, 669, 873, 1212, 1229. Kythit, p. t. 159, 488. Knagbd, p.p. nailed, riveted, gk. 577. Knafe, man, gk. 2136. Knarre, rock, cliflF, gk. 1434. Knarrez, pi. 721, 2166. See the Owl and Nightin- gale, 1. 999. Kneland, kneeling, gg. 383. KNiTTEN,|)r. t. cut ? joined ? gk. 1331. Knokled, p. p. with craggy projections, rugged, GK. 2166. Knorned, p.p. rugged, gk. 2166. Knot, a hunting ^erm, borrowed from and used as the French noeud, gk. 1334; crag? 1431, 1434. Knotez, ^J. knobs, rivets, 577. KoYNTYSE, cunning, gk. 2447. Krysommede,/).^. anointed with chrism, or sacred oil, at baptism, aa, xi. 8, xviii. 3. L. Lacb, to take, receive, accept, gk. 234, 292, 1502,1676. Lacch£z,Laches,Lachez> pr. t. GK. 595, 936, 1029. LACHEN.^r. t.pl. 1027, 1131. Lachet, clasp, tie, gk. 591. fLADE, lady, gk. 1810. Ladliche, hateful, odious, gg. 95, I60. Laft, p. t. granted, deUvered, gk. 369. Laght, Laught, Lajt, p. t. and p. p. took, caught, received, gk. 328, 433, 667, 1830, 2499. GG. 623, 764, 922, 1260; taken, re- ceived, GK. 156, 971. 2507. GG. 454, 615 ; captured, 1182. Lagmon, (?) GK. 1729. Layk, Laike, Lake, sport, game, gk. 1023, 1125, 1513; strife of battle, aa. xlii. 5. GG. 832. Layeez, pi. GK. 262. Layke, to play, to sport, gk. 1111. Lay- KBZ, pr. t, 1178, Layked, /). t. 1554, 1560. GLOSSARY. 393 Laykyng, playing, OK.4j'2. Laine, concealment, falsehood, er.K. 482. Layne, to conceal, keep secret, gk. 1863, 2124,2128. AA. vii. 5. gg. 1031. Gr.K. 6. Layne, pr. t. and imp. gk. 1786. aa. xvi. 9, MS. D. Lair, teaching, instruction, gg. 364, 832. Lait, Late, features, countenance, AA.xxvii. 6. GG. 746, 1271. Laites, Latis, pi. looks, gestures, aa. xxxviii. 1 . gg. 95, 160. See LoTE. Layt, lightning? gk. 199. Layt, to look, seek, gk. 411. LAYTES,^r. t. GK. 355. Layte, suhj. 449. Laithles, unmannerly, gg. 157. Lak, mischief, gg. 919- Lance, Launce, to utter ? to ride forth ? GK. 1175 ; to tell, 2124. LAUNCES,pr. t. rides forth, 1464. Lancen, yr. i. ^Z. fall quickly, 526. Lanced, Lansit,Launcbd, p.t. rode, 1561. go. 901; uttered, threw out, GK. 1766, 1212. Langaberde, pi. Lombards, gk. 12. Langes, pr. t. belongs, gg. 800. Lans, lance, gg. 485. Compare 1. 615. In the edit. 1508, and Pinkerton, it is printed laus, and explained by the latter fires ; Jamieson, more suo, repeats the word, giving an absurd meaning and etymology. Lante, p. t. lent, gave, gk. 2250. Lap, p. t. leapt, gg. 614. Lappe, lappet, or hem, gk. 936. Lappez, pr. t. embraces, gk. 973. Lapped, Lappit, p. t. and p.p. wrapped, folded, 217,575. 6G.991. Lappez, pi. flaps ? gk. 1350. LARGE,extent, gg.241; bodilystature,J.350. Larges, Largesse, liberality, gk. 2381 ; cry of the minstrels at feasts, c.478. Largesse, largeness, gk. 1627. Lassen, to lessen, gk. 1800. Lathe, n. injury, harm, gk. 2507. Lathe, adj. hateful, aa. xxxiv. 3. Lathed, p. t. (?) gk. 2403. Perhaps a form of Lajed, laughed. Laught, see Laght. Launde, clear level space in a wood, plain, lawn, GK. 765, 2146, 2154, 2174, 2333. Lausen, to loose, gk. 1784. LA.wsBZ,pr. t. 2376. Lautb, Lawte, faith, loyalty, gg.394, 1107, 1308. See Lbwte. Lawe, mount, hill, gk.765, 2171, 2175. aa. iii. 5, MS. D. vii. 5. See Loughe. Lawe, manner, gk. 790. Lawe, adj. low, aa. iii. 6. MS. D. here reads lo}e, which is misprinted lore by Pinkerton, and explained by Jamieson, solitary, q.for- loreJ! Lawit, p.p. imlearned, lay, gg. 1080. See Lewd. fLAWTiNGE, laughing? tg. 56. LA3ANDE, laughing, gk. 988, 1068, 1212. La3E, to laugh, gk. 472. Lajes, Lajez, pr.t. 316, 1479. Laje, Laj^n, pr.t. pi. 464, 2514. Lajed, p. t. 69, 909, 1079. Lajt, see Laght. Lajter, laughter, gk. 1217. Lajyng, laughing, gk. 1954. Le, Lee, land, plain, gk. 849, 1893. gg. 312, 341. tg. 47. fLEANE for Layne, to conceal, c. 199. Leasing, Lesing, Lessynge, falsehood, gg. 338. GC. 442. 0.201. Lechis, physicians, gg. 883. Ledande, leading, gk. 1894. aa. xxvii. 6. Lede, Leid, man, person, gk. 98, 540, 1063, 1195, 2095. AA. vii. 5, MS. D. xxxiv. 4, xliv. 7. GG. 70, 1 57, 262 ; people, folk, gk . 258; land, country, territory, 833, 1113. GG. 172, 186, 653. GC. 9 ; speech, lan- guage, AA. vii. 5. Ledbz, LBDis,p2.men, GK. 38, 126, 679, 1231. 66. 277, 369. See Leude. Leele, Lble, faithful, loyal, gk, 1516. gg. 71. Gr.K. 361,490. See Lbl. ■ Leere, Lbir, to learn, go. 364, 653. j. 418 . Lbir, pr. t. teach, 66. 832. Lef, dear, agreeable, 6k. 909, 1111, 1924. See Leue. Leggb, liege, gk. 346. Legiance, allegiance, gg, 263, 442. E 394 GLOSSARY. Leid, to rule, govern, go. 48. Leip, to believe, give credence, go. 110/, 1305. Leip, imp. 71. See Leue. Leif, pr. t. live, gg. 1189- See Leue. Leime, gleam, light, gg. 1254. Lekamb, body, GG. 1043. See Likame. Leke, p. t. fastened, encircled, gk. 1830. Su G. lycia. Lel, Lell, loyal, faithful, gk. 35, 1513. GO. 1308. See Leele. Lelely, Lblly, loyally, faithfully, gk. 449, 1863, 2124. GG. 1031, 1183. Lemans, Lemande, gleaming, shining, GK. 485, 1119. Lemane,Lemman,Lemmane, mistress, OK. 1781. AA. xlii. 3, xlviii. 8. Leme, to shine, gleam, go. 424. Lemed, LEMTr,p.<.GK. 591, 1137, 2010. gg.615. Lbnde, Leynd, to dwell, tarry, continue, GK. 1100. 6G. 152. Lende, ^r. <. gk. 1499. Lende, imp. AA. xxxii. 11. Lent, p. t. andp.p. sate, was stationed, gk. 1002 ; occupied, 1319 ; dwelt, remained, 2440. GO. 70. Lene, to grant, aa. xviii. 7, MS. D. Lbng, Lenge, to dwell, tarry, remain, gk. 411, 254, 1068. AA. xvii. 6, xxxii. 11, MS. D.liii. 7. Lenges, Lengbz, pr. t. GK. 536,693. Lengbd.jp. t. 1194, 1299, 1683. Lentoun, Lent, gk. 502. Leppis, pr. t.pl. leap, aa. li. 3. Lerd, p.p. learned, the clergy, gg. 1080. Lere, countenance, gk. 318, 418. gg. 1253. See Lyre. Lere, to teach? OK. 1109. See Leeke. Lese, falsehood, go. 7, 265. Lese, to lose, GK, 2142. aa. xxii. 12, xxxiv. 3, MS. D. Lbstand, lasting, gg. 1227. Let, Lett, Lette, hindrance, gk. 2142. AA.iii. 10. QC. 597, 615; delay, gg. 755. Let, Lette,/).;. caused, gk. 1084; feigned, acted, 1201, 2257. Let not, was not able, 1733. Lete, to look, gk. 1206. Lethe, to depress, moderate, gk. 2438. LETHBk, skin, ge. 1360. Lette, to stop, tarry, gk. 2303. Lettez be, imp. leave off, 1840. Letted, p. t. hin- dered, 1672. Lettynge, hindrance, aa. li. 10. Lettrure, science, gk. 1513. Leude, Lude, man, knight, gk. 133, 232, 449, 675, 851, 908 ; territory, land, 1124. Leudes, gen. c. man's, 2499. Leudbz, pi. men, 849, 1023, 1413. See Lede. Leudlez, companionless, gk. 693. Leugh, p. t. laughed, gg. 1065. Leuand, Leueande, living, aa. xxxiv. 4. OG. 70, 430. Used substantively, og. 954. Leue, pr. t. live, ok. 1035. See Leip. Leue, to believe, gk. 2421. Leue, pr. t. 1784, 2128. See Leif. Leue, dear, beloved, gk. 1133, 2054. aa. xlix., MS. D. See Lef. Leued, LEuiT,p.p. left, aa. xxii. 2, MS. D. xxii. 6. GO. 661. Leueh, rather, liefer, ok. 1251. tg. 95 ; dearer, ok. 1782. Lbubst, dearest, most precious, ok. 49, 1802. Levin, scorn, gg. 1043. Lewd,Lbwed,/).p. ignorant, unlearned, gk. 1528. TG. 30.' Lewte, loyalty, faith, gk. 2366, 238 1 . See Laute. Lbj, p. t. lay, OK. 2006. Lejten, p. t. took, OK. 1410. See Laght. Lyand, lying, c. 229, 255. Li CHTiT,/).*. alighted, gg.677. See Lights. Lyere, Lyre, complexion, countenance, gk. 943,2228. 00.614,1003,1145. AA.xiii. 6; skin, flesh, gk. 2050. In aa.. xiii. 6, MS. D. reads lere, which Pinkerton mis- prints lever, and the word, thus disguised, is duly introduced into Jamieson's Dic- tionary. Liflod, livelihood, gk. 133. Lyfte, sky, heaven, ok, 1256. Lygez, pr. t. lies, gk. 1179. LiGHTB, Lyohtb, Lyjt, to descend, alight, GK. 1175, 1373, 2220. AA. xvii. 6.xxi. 8. GLOSSARY. 395 L13TEZ, Lyjtez, pr. t. QK. 1906, 2176. Lyghtb, imp. AA. xxxii. 11. Light, LiSHTEj LiSHTIT, LyQHTE, LyJT, p. t. GK.822. AA.iii. 6,vi. 12, xliv. 7. 6G.623, 755. TG.78,288. LiGHTiT, L13T, Lyghte, Lyjt, p. p. gk. 1924. AA. vi. 5, MS. D. xiii. 8. GG. 130. fLiGHTH, member, limb, gt.k. 57- See Lythe. LiKAME, body, GG. 294. LiKAND, agreeable, pleasant, gg. 241, 258, 573. Lyke, body, personal stature ? gg. 858. Liking, joy, pleasure, gg. 26^, 1065. Lykkeb-wys, delightful, delicious, gk. 968. Lymp, to happen, befall, gk. 1 109. Lymped, Lympedb, p. t. 907. AA. xlviii. 4. Lynd, Lyndb, wood, tree, Ume-tree, gk. 526, 2176. GG. 289. Gc. 114. j. 406. Lynde-wodes, /)Z. GK. 1178. Lyndes, loins, gk. 139. Lyne, linen ; whence for female apparel in general, gk. 1814. Ling, Lyng, line, file, gg. 766, 858, 1261. LippiN, to have confidence, gg. 832. Lis, to assuage, gg. 173. List, pleasure ? gk. 1719. Lyste, pr. t. pleases, gk. 2133. Lyst, p. t. desired, willed, 941, 1784, 2049. Lystennyth, imp. listen ye, gc. 1. LiSTES, lists inclosedforcombat.AA.xxxviii.g. Lystily, Lystyly, promptly? gk. 1190, 1334. Lyt, Lyte, little, gk. 701, 1776. gg. 901 j short while? gk. 2303. Lyth, Lythen, to listen, gk. 1719- gg. 875. Lythis, imp. Usten ye, 1163. Lythe, member, limb, gc. 190. Lythes, territories, aa. liii. 2. t Litys, /)?. delights, aa. xvii. 5. Lyueray, bounty, allowance, t. 117,476. Lyje, to lie, recline, gk. 1096, 1994. Lyjt, lightly, gk. 87. Ly3TH, light, not heavy, ge.608. Lyjtly, easily, gk. 1299. Lode, guidance, gk. 969; behaviour? 1284. 3 fLoDLY, for Loudly ? gk. 1634. LoDLY, LoDLYE, uiicourteously, gk. 1772 ; loathly, c. 182. akc. 119, 158. LoFDEN, p. t. loved, GK. 21. horiT,p.t. praised, gg. 1145. Loft, Lopte, chamber, gk. 1096, 1676. Lois, fame, gg. 1078. See Los. LoissiT, p. t. lost, GG. 677, 755, 874 ; p. p. destroyed, 277. LoKE, auhj. guard, oc. 214. LoKEN, p.p. secured, inclosed, fastened, gk. 35,765,2487. Lome, tool, axe, gk. 2309. LoNCHED, perhaps we should read LoucHED, bending down ? aa. xiii. 6, MS. D. LoNGEz,j)r.^ belongs, ok. 2381. Longed, p. t. belonged, appertained, 1524, 2515. J. 9. LoNGYNGE, regret, trouble, gk. 540. LoPEN, ;). ^ saAp.p. leapt, gk. 1413. aa. li. 3, MS. D. Lore, learning, skill, gk. 665. LosERE, LoRRERE, laurel-tree, aa. iii, 6, vi. 5. LoRNE, p.p. lost, aa. xxxvii. 2. fLoRRE for LoRRERE, laurel-tree, aa. iii. 6, MS. D. Pinkerton misprints it lone, and Jamieson, as usual, places the word, thus misrepresented, in his Dictionary, with an Icelandic derivation ! LoRTscHYP, lordship, gk. 849. Los, Lose, renown, fame, gk. 258, 1528. AA. xxxvi. 7. f LossE, to lose, AA. xxxiv. 3, MS. D. See Lese. LoTB, mirth? jest? gk. 119, 1623, 1917. LoTEZ,^;. 988, 1086,1116, 1399, 1954. It is connected with the Fr. losterie, badinage. LoTB, (.?) GK. 2211, LoTE, features, aspect, gesture, gk. 639. AA. xxvii. 6, MS. D. See also MS. Cott. Nero A.x.f.42. LoTHE, loath, unwilling, gk. 127, 1578. LoupEsoM, lovely, gc. 450. See Lufsome. LoTJGHE, hill, AA. vii. 5. See Lawe. LouKBs, Lowkez, pr. t. locks, gk. 628, 2 396 GLOSSARY. 2007. Locked, p. t. was fastened, looped, 217. ' Loupe, loop-hole in a castle, ok. 792. Lout, blow, tq. 142. Lout, Loute, Lowtb, to bow down, obey, bend to, ok. 248. aa. xiv. 7. go- 991, 1276. or.K. 465. tb. 314. Loutbs, Loutez, pr. t. descends, gk. 833, 933 ; stoops, bends, 1306, 1504. Loutit, p. t. bent, 6G. 1021. i-LouuB, for Louie ? pr.t. praise, gk. 1251. LouELYCH, adv. lovingly, gk. 1410. See LUFLY. LouELOKER, lovelier, gk. 973. Louelok- KEST, loveliest, gk. 52. Louy, Louies, Louybs, pr. t. love, loves, GK. 1795, 2099, 2468. LouiED,j9. t. loved, 87, 702. LouiT, p. t. praised, og. 581, 1028. LowANDE, shining, gk. 236 ; conspicuous, 679, 868. LowD OR STILL, ou all occasions, gt.k, 342 ; a phrase of constant occurrence in the ro- mance writers. Lowe, flame, aa. vii. 5. Lowe, (?) gk. 1399- Lowe, Loje, p. t. laughed, gk. 2389. aa. xli. 3. f Lowelyure, lovelier, go. 369. L03, LojE, low, OK. 302, 1040, 1170. aa. xxxvii. 9. LojLY, lowly, humbly, ok. 851, I960. LuDE, see Leude. LuF, love, pleasure, gk. 1086, 1284, 1524. LuF-LAjYNG, amorous play, gk. 1776. LuFLY, LuFLYCH, adj. lovely, fair, comely, agreeable, amiable, gk. 38, 575, 792, 868, 981, 1469, 1480, 1657, 1757. QG. 667, 755. LuFLYis, pi. used substantively, men or knights being understood, 1003. LuFLY, LupLYCH,o(fo. courteously, lovingly, becomingly, gk. 254, 595, 1206, 1306, 1583. GG. 991. LuPLYLY, courteously, lovingly, gk. 369, 2176, 2514. LuFSOMB, LupsuM, lovely, gk. 1814. aa. xxvii.6. GG. 241,746, 1253, 1271. Lukes, imp. look ye, aa. xxxvi. 7. LuR, loss, misfortune, gk. 355, 1284, 1682. LuscHiT,^.^encountered violently? GG.1003. Omitted by Pinkerton and Jamieson. Lust, gluttony, gg. 82. Lusty, powerful, gg. i72, 258. LuT, Lutte, p. t. stooped, bowed down, gk. 418, 2236, 2255. See Lout. M. Mach, to encounter, meet in combat, gk. 282. GG. 753. Mached, Machit, p. /). matched in fight, arranged, aa. xxxiv. 8, xlvi. 11. GG. 1159. ^M.\c^,pr.t. makes, gk. 1885. SeeMAisE. Madde, suhj. should rage with love, gk. 2414. Ma pay ! ma foi ! gk. 1495. Magry, Magreys, in spite of opposition, GG. 771. GO. 164. See Mawgrbp. May, Maye, maiden, gk. 1795. gg. 97. Qc. 71,491. Mayle, Mailye, coat of mail, aa. xlviii. 6. GG.96S. Mailes,Maii.yeis, Mayles,/)?. coats of mail, rings of mail, aa. xxx. 5, xxxix. 11, xl. 10, xlvii. 6. gg. 851, 1013. Maill, company, gg. 215. See Melle. Mayn, great, powerful, strong, gk. 94, 187, 336,497. Mayn, Mayne, strength, aa. xxxviii. 10. 1. 49. Mayne, moan, sorrow, gg. 796. Mayntemes, pr. t. maintains, gk. 2053. Maise, Mas, Mase, pr. t. makes, gk. 106. AA. xxi. 12. GG. 796. Maistri, Mastery, strife, conflict, gg. 96. TG. 65. Makand, making, 00. 216. Make for Maked, p. t. made, oc. 518. Makeles, Makles, matchless, aa. xxvii. 10, MS. D. xlviii. 10, 1. 6. Males, Malez, bags, trunks, gk. 1129, 1809. GLOSSARY. 397 Malt, p. t. dissolved, gk. 2080. Manhede, manhood, doughty deeds, go. 69. Maneit, p. t. mauued, impaired, go. 1013. Manredenb, Manrent, homage, aa. 1. 5. OG. 1218. Mansed, p. t. menaced, gk. 2345. Marhe, to destroy, gk. 2262. Mareit, p.p. 60.96,720,965. Marrede, p. t. moaned i aa. ix. 6. Masere, maple, gc. 434. Mat, Mate, p.p. discouraged, wearied, ge. 336, 1568. Matbns, Matynez, Matynnes, morning prayers, ge. 756, 2188. aa. xvi. 3, xviii. 8. MA'w-GREF,inspiteof,GK.1565. SeeMAGRY. Majtyly, mightily, forcibly, ge.2262, 2290. Me, used absolutely, as the Fr. on, ge. 1214. Often, as an expletive, 1905, 1932, 2014, 2144. Meble, goods, AA. xvi. 4. See Mobil. Medilerthe, Medlert, the earth, aa. 1. 6. See Middlearth. Mebn, to make mention of, remember, aa. vi.9. MENE,pr. *.vi.8. SeeMENE, Min, Mynne. Meeil, Meele, much, great, aa. xliii. 6. GG. 303, 796. Mel, Melb, Melle, to speak, talk, gk. 2295, 2503. gg. 299. Mell, Melez, Melis, pr. t. GK. 543, 974, 2336. aa. xxvi. 8. GG. 395. Gr.K. 37. Mel, i»Bp. GG. 354. Meled,jP. t. GE. 447, 1280, 2373. Mele, Mell, to join in battle, fight, gg. 69, 543. Mbllit,;?. t. 572, 1012, 1119. Mbllb, Melle, Mblly, conflict, battle, GK. 342, 644, 1451. gg. 696, 851, 1148. Melle, company. In melle, together, aa. XXV. 8. Memered, p. t. murmured, aa. ix. 9. The word is still preserved in the North. See Brockett, v. Mammer. Jamieson explains it, erroneously, to recollect oneself. Menb, to signify, gk. 232 j devise, 985 ; make attempt on, 1157; commemorate? aa. xviii. 8, 9 ; intend, gg. 96. Mene, tBip. commemorate ? aa.xxv. 8. In the third and fifth of these instances, MS. D. reads Mynge, Mende, and Menge. See Mebn, Min, Mynne. fMBNEWiTH, (?) AA. xxvii. 3, MS. D. Kn- kerton and Jamieson neglect the contrac- tion, and print mewith, which the latter interprets, moveth, changeth! Menge, Mynqb, aa. xviii. 8, MS.D. xxv. 8, MS. D. Jamieson explains it, to soothe; but from xviii. 9, it would seem to be only another form of Mend, or Mene, to re- member. Menged, p.p. mixed, gk. 1720. Mensk, Mensee, honor, worship, ge. 834, 914, 2052. AA. xviii. 9. Menskbs, pi. GE. 2410. Mensk, adj. worshipful (used ironically), GK. 964. Mensk, to honor, treat with respect, gg. 446. Mbnsked, Menseit, p.p. honor- ably decked, gk. 153 ; honored, gg. 215. Menskful, honorable, gk. 555,1268, 1809; goodly, noble, gg. 408, 481. Menskly, honorably, ge. 1312, 1983. Meny, Meyny, retinue, household, com- pany, GE. 101, 1372, 1625, 1729, 2468. Menyng, knowledge, remembrance, gk. 924; commemoration? aa. xix. 2, Iv. 4, 6. See Mynnynge. Mbr, to be in confusion, gg. 1013. Used also in Wallace. Mere, adj. simple, pure, good, ge. 153, 878, 924, 1495. Mere, n. appointed place of meeting, gk. 1061 . Perhaps we should read Mere, q. v. Merely, an instrument of music, gc. 599. Meek, appointed term or place, ge. 1073. GG. 1237. Mbrke, dark, used substantively for night, TG. 69. Merkit, p. t. rode, gg. 176. Mes, mess, meal, ge. 999. Mesoure, moderation, gg. 355. Messe-quyle, the time of celebrating mass, GK. 1097. Mbtely, measurely, fitly, ge. 1004, 1414. 398 GLOSSARY. Methles, uncourteous, gk. 2106. Meued, p. t. moved, gk. 90. Mejel-mas, Michaelmas, gk. 532. MiDDLEAKTH, Myddelerde, the eaith, GK. 2100. Ta.40. See Mbdilerthe. Myghtyis, pi. used substantively, men being understood, gg. 1012. MiN, Myn, to mention or remember, c. 140, 162. See Mene, Mynne. Myn, Mynne, less, gk. 1881. gg. 1159- Myngb, see Mengb. Mynged, p. t. assembled ? gk. 1422. Mynnb, to think, remember, devise, gk. 141, 1 800, 1 992 . Mynez, Mynne, pr. <. 995, 1681, 1769. Mtnned, p. t. 982. See Mene, Min. Mynnyng, commemoration! aa. xix. 2, MS. D. See Mbnyng. Mynt, aim, blow, gk. 3345. Myntes, pi. 2352. Mynt, p. t. attempted ? gg. 771. Myntest, Myntez, pr.t. didst aim or strike, aims, strikes, gk. 2274, 2290. Mybke, obscure, aa. vi. 11. Mys, Myssb, fault, offence, aa.xv. ll,xvi. 3. gg. 97, 291. J. 196. MYSSES,fl2. GK. 2391. Mys-boden, p.p. offered wrong, gk. 2339. MiSY, quagmire, gk. 749. Still used in the North. Mystbr, necessity, aa. xviii. 9- Myst-hakel, cloak of mist, gk. 2081. Myte, smallest piece of money, gg. 1069. Myth, to shew, gg. 871. Myjtez, pi. might, power, gk. 282. Mo, more, gk. 23, 730, 770. aa. xxv. 2. Mobil, property, goods, gg. 807. Mo- BYLLBS, pi. AA. xvi. 4. See Meblb. MocHE, great, go. 253. See Much. Mode, mind, gk. 1475. Moyse, imp. muse, reflect, aa. xiii. 11. MoYssED, j3. t. looked fixedly, as out of the senses, ix. 6. MOLAYNES, (?) GK. 169. MoLATT, mullet in heraldry, c. 57. Mold, Moldb, Mould, earth, ground, gk. 137,914,964. AA.xvi.4. gg.350. Gr.K. 283. c. 435. AKC. 10. Moldb, form ? go. 570. MoN, used as the Germ, man, and Fr. on, for one, a person, gk. 1209, 1484. MoN, must, GK. 1811. MoNE, complaint, gc. 123. MoNTURE, MouNTUHE, saddlc-horsc, gk. 1691. AA.xliii.9. More, greater, bigger, gk. 649, 2100. MoEOUN, MoREOwNE, morrow, gk. 1208. go. 496. Mot, Mote, may, gk.342, 387, 2053. go. 153, 205. tg. 171. c. 113; must, gk. 1965, 2510. AA. xxv. 3, MS. D. ; might, AA. vi. 9. Mote, assemblage, meeting, gk. 635, 910. Mote, castle ? gk. 764, 2052. Mote, atom, gk. 2009. Mote, Motbz, pi. notes or measures of a bugle, GK. 1141, 1364. MoWE, may, gk. 1397. M03T, M03TEN, might, GK.84, 1871, 1953. M03TH, mouth, GC. 253. Much, great, loud, gk. 182, 2336. MucH-QUAT, many matters, gk. 1280. Muckel, stature, size, gk. 142. MuGED, p. t. stirred, hovered, gk. 2080. Mulne, mill, GK. 2203. MuNT, blow, GK. 2350. See Mynt. MuNT, p. t. feigned, gk. 2262. ", Muryly, merrily, in joke, gk. 2336, 2345. MuRNAND, mourning, gg. 1128. Mused, p. t. (?) gk. 2424. Mute, pack of hounds, gk. 1451, 1720 ; meeting, 1915. MuTHE, mouth, GK. 447, 1428. MuuAND, moving, gg. 1166. MwE, to move, gk. 1565. N. Na, than, gg. 1228. Nade, had not, gk. 724, 763. Naf, have not, gk. 1066. GLOSSARY. 399 Nay, p. f. denied, refused, (jk. 1836. NAYhzr, p.p. nailed, gk. 599- Naytet}, p.p. (?) 6E.65. Nakerys, Nakryn, pi. drums, ok. 118, 1016. See Tyrwhitt's note on Chaucer, I. 2513. Nar, are not, qk. 2092. Naunt, thy naunt, thine aunt, gk. 2467. See Glossary to William and the Werwolf, under letter N. Nauthbr, Nawther, neither, ok. 203, 430, 1095. Naxty, filthy, aa. xv. 3, MS. D. Najt, night, gk. 1407. Nbde, Nedes, Nedez, necessarily, of ne- cessity. GK. 1287, 1771, 1965, 2510. Nedfulle, in necessity, aa. xv. 3. Negh, Neghe, to approach, gk. 1054 ; to touch, 1836. See Neje. Neked, little or nothing, gk. 1062, 1805. NEME.yr. *. take. gk. 1347. Nemmyt.p.^. taken, selected, gg. 664. See Nyme. Nerre, nearer, gk. 237, 556, 1306. Nbuen, Neuin, to name, gk. 58. gg. 506, 664, 823, 1039. NEUENBS,pr. t. gk. 10. Neuened, y. t. andp.^J. 65,541. Newit, p.p. renovated, gg. 1071. Newthir, neither, gg. 1120. Nej, Ne3e, NiEj, nigh, gk. 929, 1771, 1922. Nb3e, to approach, gk. 1575. NE3ES,;)r. t. 1998. NE3BD, p. t. GK. 132, 697, 929. -f-NYOHT, to approach, gg. 240. Nye, Nyje, difficulty, trouble, harm, gk. 58, 2002, 2141. The same word is twice used in the plural, MS. Cott. Nero A. x. ff. 81, 84. Nye. to harm, assault, qk. 1575. NiF, unless, gk. 1769. NiGROMANCE, uccromancy, c. 405. Nikked naye, gk. 2471. Nykked with NAY, 706. Nicked with nay, Gr.K. 501. Nykis with nay, gg. 115, 332. A phrase expressive of denial, common to alliterative poems. See Gloss, to Wil- liam and the Werwolf, and the Towneley Mysteries, for many examples. Nyme, to take, gk. 993, 2141. NiRT. n. cut, hurt, qk. 2498. Nys, nice, strange, gk. 323. Nys^n, pr. t. (?) QK. 1266. Nyte, to deny, gg. 899. NoBELAY, Nobillay, nobleucss, gk. 91. GG. 899, 1071. No bot, except, qk. 2182. fNoGHE, nigh, GK. 697. NoKB, nook, comer, gk. 660. NoLDE, would not, gk. 1054, 1825. Nome, n. name, qk. 10, 408, 937. Nome, p. t. took, gk. 809, 1407. Nomen, p.p. taken, 91. See Nyme. Nonez, Nons, nonce, gk. 844. The deri- vations of this phrase suggested by Ju- nius, Tyrwhitt. Thomson, Jamieson, and myself (Gloss. Will, and Werw.) are cer- tainly erroneous, and I have now not the least doubt that the original form was the Saxon for than anes ; a conclusion I had formed previous to my noticing the same opinion in a note of Price upon Warton, vol. ii. p. 496. Norne, Nurnb, to proffer? gk. 1661. 1669.1823. Norne, /)r. <. allege ? 2443. Nurned, p. t. proffered? 1771. The use of this verb seems to be almost peculiar to the author of the poems in MS. Nero A. X. In another passage, I find it thus : An other nayed also, & nurned this cause, " I haf jerned & jat jokkej of oxen, & for my hyjes hem b03t, to bowe haf I mester; To se hem puUe in the plow aproche me by- houe^."— f. 57". Note, occasion, business, use, gk. 358, 599. AA.xxix. 11. GG. 410, 550, 1116. NoTIS, pi. 501, 506. Note, throat-knot? (Fr. nomd) gk. 420. Note, voice? qg. 823. Note, to view ? gg. 240. Note, noted ? gk. 2092. NouMBLES, parts of the inwards of the deer, gk. 1347. See Notes, p. 322 j and 400 GLOSSARY. A Jewell for Gentrie, 4to, 1614. sign. p. e. NouMBRiT, p. p. numbered, sg. 227. NOUTHB, NOWTHE, now, GK. 1251, 1934, 2466 ; not, 1784. NouTHER, neither, gk. 659. NowEL, Noel, Christmas, gk. 65. NoY, annoyance, gg, 1044. Not, imp. annoy, trouble, gg. 823. NojT, nought, GK. 680, 694, 961. NuHNE, NURNED, See NORNE. NwE, new, anew, gk. 60, 636, 1668. NwEz, news, tidings, gk. 1407. Nw-jBE, NwB-jER, new-year, gk. 60, 105, 284. NwjERES, NwEjEREZ, gen. c. 454, 1054, 1669. O. O, of, GK. 615. O NEWB, anew, gk. 65. Obeyand, obedient, gg. 1217. Obeise, to obey, gg. 1209, 1326. Obeising, obedience, homage, gg. 1322. Oblissinq, submission, gg. 272. Perhaps a mistake for the last word. Op, from, gk. 183, 519, 1413 ; off, 773, 1332, 1607. tg. 287. Op-kbst, p. t. cast off, 'gk. 1147. Of-straye, astray, j. 207. See On-stray. Oghe, p. t. ought, GK. 1526. Oldb, age, gk. 1440. On, one, gk. 30, 206, 864, 952 j in, 867, 969. On-bheid, extensive, gg. 23 j abroad, around, 952. On-chasyng, a-chasing, a-hunting, gk. 1143. On-cooldb, (?) gk. 2474. On-dreibh, On-drejt, On-pryje, One- DRE6HE, back, at a distance, gk. 1031. AA. xl. 6, xliv. 3. GG. 110. One, alone, unaccompanied; hym one, alone, gk. 904 ; bot ourb onb, only ourselves, 1230 ; let thb gome one, let the man alone, 2118 ; we ar oure one, we are by ourselves, 2245. See Al one. One-bak, aback, aa. xl. 8. See Anb-bak. One-herandb, in the hearing of, aa. xxxii. 1. One), once, gk. 1090. See Stevenson's Add. to Boucher, v. Anea. On-ferum, afar, gk. 1575. On pyrst, vpon pyrst, at first, gk. 301, 491, 1477. On-porionb, misfortune, gg. 1225. On heghtb. On height. One hie. On highte.On H13T, On hyghe. On hyght. On hyjt, Vpon hy^t, in height, 6K.421 ; on high, aloft, above, 421. aa.xxxv. 6,xli. 3, xlviii. 1, 1. 7. c. 470 ; aloud, aa. xxvii. 8, xxxii. 1, MS. D. xxxii. 10, li. 1. j. 269, 414, 416. On-huntyng, a-hunting, gk. 1102. On lenthe, afar, gk. 232, 1231. On-lifb, On-lyub, Vpon lyub, alive, in life, GK. 385, 1717, 1786. gg. 404. On-loft, On-lopte, Vpon lofte, aloft, above, gk. 788, 2261. gg. 70, 485, 614, 991 ; aloud, aa. xlviii. 8, MS. D. On-loghe, below, down, gk. 1373. On-lowde, aloud, aa. xlii. 3. On NY3TES, at night, in the night, gk . 47, 693 . On-slantb, aslant, aa. xlviii. 6. On (vp)-si.epe, asleep, gk. 244. On-steir, astir, gg. 830. On-stray, One-straye, astray, aside, gk. 1716. AA. xl. 4,xli. 12. GG. 19, 916, 992 ; at intervals, apart, aa. xxxi. 2. Onswarb, to answer, gk. 275. Onswarez, pr. t. 386. OoNLY, alone, aa. viii. 7, MS. D. Or, than, gk. 1543. Or, Ore, before, gg. 276. gc. 137. Ore, mercy, j. 106. Oritore, oratory, gk. 2190. O-RYjT, aright, gk. 40. Orpedly, boldly, gk. 2232. OsTBL, mansion, gk. 253. See Hostel. Other, or, gk. 96, 702, 1246 ; either, 2216. Ouchbs, ornaments, j. 327. OuLK, week, gg. 1343. Used also by Bel- lenden. GLOSSARY. 401 Our, over, gg. 3, 19, 24. OuRcuM, to overcome, gg. 348. OvRaiLT, p.p. overgilt, gg. 158. OuRTAK, to overtake, gg. 1240. OuTB, throughout, wholly, gk. 1511. Outrage, to fight, j. 441. OuTEAY, OwTTRAYB, to injure, destroy, aa. xxiv. 12. The first form is printed by Pinkerton, Jamieson, and Sibbald, On- TRAY, and on their authority I inadver- tently admitted it, but I am now convinced it should be Outray. See Jamieson's Supplement, in v. OuTTRAGE, surprising, gk. 29. OuERGONE, to conquer, j. 396. OuER-THWBRT, across, GK. 1438. OuER-WALT, p. p. overcome, gk. 314. OuER-jEDE, p. t. passed over, gk. 500. OjT, n. ought, GK. 300, 1815. OjT, adj. bold, gk. 2215. P. Pade, toad, AA. ix. 10. fPAY, a misprint for gay, gg. 310, as ap- pears from I. 233. Jamieson however supposes it to mean region, from the Fr. pais. Pay, Payb, pleasure, AA.ii. 6, xxxi. 6. Gr.K. 504. TO. 164. AKC. 126. Payand, paying, gg. 143. Paybz, pr. i. pleases, gk. 1379. Pailyeoun, Pailyboune, pavilion, gg. 312, 880. Payne, to be at pains, endeavour, gk. 1042. Pair, Payrb, to injure, impair, gk. 1734. GG.1093. PAiR,;)r.<. fail, 1085. Payred, p. t. failed, gk. 650, 1456. Paisand, heavy, gg.463. Paytthuhe, defence for the neck of a horse, GK. 168, 601. Palb, Pall, Palle, Paullb, rich or fine cloth, AA. ii. 6, vi. 1, xxviii. 2, xxxiv. 12. GG.3, 63, 235, 313. Gr.K. 112, 324. tg. 81. c. 206. Palwerk, fine cloth, aa. ii. 6, MS. D. Jamieson interprets it spangled worh. Pane, cloth, gk. 154. aa. xxviii. 2. gg. 1127- Panez, ja/. gk. 853. PAPrAYEz, parrots, gk.611. Papure, paper, gk. 802. Parage, lineage, gg. 284. Paramour, n. gallant ? gg. 654. Paramours, courtship, c. 220. Paraunter, peradventure, gk. 2343. Pardye, by God ! verily, j. 489. Pared, p.p. cut, gk. 802. Partenyng, possessing, consisting of, gg. 1104. Partyce, covenant? gg. 1306. Pasb, to poise, gg. 463 ; pass, 708. Passande, passing, gk. 1014. Patrounes, sovereigns, gk. 6. Paumez, antlers, gk. 1155. Paunce, coat of mail, gk. 2017. Jamieson's erroneous interpretation of covering for the knee is obvious, in v. Pans. Pelicocus, pi. (?) AA. xxxi. 6. Omitted in Jamieson. See Douce's remarks on this word in Illustr. of Shakapere, vol. ii. p. 160. Pellokis, bullets, gg. 463. Pblourb, Pelure, Pilloue, costly fur, gk. 154. AA. ii. 6. GO. 313. Pblures, pi. GK. 2029- Pencelle, banner, aa. xxxi. 2. Pendauntes, Pbndauntez, the dropping ornaments of horse-trappings or a girdle, GK. 168,2038,2431. Pbnyes, pence, money, gk. 79.' Pentangbl, Pbntaungbl, figure of five points, GK. 620, 636, 664. See Notes, p. 318. Pbnted,^. t. pertained, gk. 204. Pernyng, picking and dressing, a term ap- plied to birds, gk. 611. Pbrre, Perhye, jewelry, aa. ii. 6, xxix. 5, 9, MS. D. Pertly, openly, promptly, gk. S44, 1941. GG. 927. GO. 420. Pes, peace, gk. 266. 3f 402 GLOSSARY. Pesanb, Pesaynb, Pysan, gorget of mail or plate, attached to the helmet, gk. 204. AA. xlv. 11. SG. 927. So named from Pisa, where these gorgets were probably first fabricated. In an inventory, cited by Du Cange, of the year 1316, is, " Item 3 coloretes Pizainea de jazeran d'acier." Pese, measure, weight, gk. 2364. Peter! an oath, used as Mary f gk. 813. It was left unexplained in the Glossary to Will, and the Werwolf. Other instances of its use may be found in the Towneley Mysteries, p. 29. Rauf Coil^ear, sign. B. ii. ; Ritson's Metr. Rom. iii. 313, where the editor corrects it, erroneously, fiorter; Romance of Morte Arthure, MS. Line. ff. 81b. 83b, . and Romance of Syr Perecy- valle, ib. f. 166''. Picked, Pyched, p. p. fastened, gk. 576 ; situated, 768. PiCHT, PiGHT, PlGHTE, PlJT, PyGHT, Pyghte, Pyjt, p. p. pitched, fixed, gk. 1456, 1734. AA. xxxiv. 13, xxxv. l,xxxvii. 1. gg. 313. J. 265. Gr.K. 28 ; arrayed, AA. xxviii. 2, MS. D. but the Line. MS. reads dyghte. Piked, Pykbd,- J). ^. choice? gk. 769; picked out, burnished, 2017. PiLLOUE, see Peloure. Pine, Pynb, trouble, grief, pain, torment, gk. 123, 747, 1812, 1985. Pyne, to take pains, gk. 1538. Pynbd, p. t. 1009. Pyned, p.p. (?), GK. 769. Perhaps a mis- take for pynaclbd. Pysan, see Pbsane. Pith, Pyth, marrow, strength, power, gk. 1456. GG. 783, 927, 1290. Pitt, p. p. put, assigned, tg. 32. Platez, pi. steel armour for the body, gk. 2017- Pleasance, pleasure, gk. 1247 ; (kerchyp op) j. 347. See Notes, p. 351. Plight, Plyjt, hostility, danger, gk. 266. GG. 1104, 1305; offence? gk. 2393. Plytes, pi. 733. Plonketb, a white stuff, aa. xxix. 3. See Blunket. PoYNT, condition, gk. 2049. Poynte, to declare, write, gk. 1009. PoLAYNES, knee-pieces in a suit of armour, GK. 576. See Notes, p. 315. Pou), p.p. pulled, GO. 180. PoLEMns, pi. (?) AA. xxxi. 6. Omitted by Pinkerton and Jamieson. Perhaps we should read Poleinus, Icnee-pieces. Policed, Polysed, PoLYST,p.jp. polished, GK. 576, 2038 ; made clean, absolved, 2393. PoMELL, crest ? J. 335. PouER, poor, GK. 1538. Praybre, meadow, gk. 768. Peayse, to estimate, appraise, gk. 1850. Prece, pr. t. proceed, gk. 2097. Preketes, pi. wax tapers, aa. xxxv. 9. Presb, throng, battle, gg. 236. Presbd, p. t. thronged, gk. 830. Present, presence, GG. 1287. Prest, ready, prompt, aa. Iv. 3. Gr.K. 246. Prestly, promptly, gk. 757, 911. Preue, privy, secret, gk. 902. Preue, to prove, gk. 262. Preued, p.p. proved, 79. Prewey, privy, cautious, go. 181, 451. Prik, to gallop, GK. 2049. Priked, jp. t. rode quickly, Gr.K. 246. Pryme, six o'clock in the morning, gk. 1675. Pris, Prys, price, estimation, excellence, gk. 1247, 1277, 1770, 1850, 2364; reward, prize, 1379, 1630. gg. 392. Peys, note of the horn, blown in hunting, after breaking up the game, gk. 1362, 1601. Prise, fine, good, prized, gk. 1945. aa. xxix. 9, MS. D. GG. 236. Prise, to attempt? gg. II6. Prisit,^. t. accounted worthy of prize ? gg. 721. Prysoun, prisoner, gk. 1219. Proues, Provese, Prowes, valor, courage, GK. 912, 1249. gg. 538, 598, 1290. GLOSSARY. 403 Pure, quite, perfect, gk. 808, 1247. PuRBD, p.p. refined, pure, gk. 633, 912, 1737, 2393. Puked, Puhede, p.p. furred, gk. 154. aa. xxviii. 2. Q. QuAKANo, quaking, gg. 675. QuARTE, Quest, good spirits, joy, aa. xx. 10. GG. 586. Quat, what, GK. 233, 460 ; how, 563, 2201. QuAT so, whatsoever, gk. 255. tQuEL, while, GK. 822. QUELDEPOTNTES, pi. haSSOcks ? GK. 877- Quelle, to put an end to, gk. 752 ; to kill, 1449, 2109. Quelled, p.p. slain, 1324. QuELLYS, cries, aa. iv. 9. Queue, good, gk. 578 ; pleasant, 2109. QuEN, QuHBN, when, gk. 20, 130, 497. QuENTANCB, acquaintance, familiarity, gg. 1120. QuENTYS, cunning, go. 1220. QuBNTLY, easily, gg. 1223. QuERE, where, gk. 1058. Quere so, wheresoever, 1227, 1490. Quer-fore, wherefore, 1294. QuERRE, quarry, Fr. cur^e; a term of hunt- ing, GK. 1324. To make the quarry, is to break up the deer, and feed the hounds on the skin. QuERT, see Quarte. Quest, united cry of the hounds, gk. 1150, 1421. QuESTBS, pZ. AA. iv. 9, MS. D. Questede, p. t. hunted in full cry, aa. iv. 9. Quethe, cry, clamor, gk. 1150. QuBTHEN, whence, gk. 461. Qubther, whether, gk. 1109. QuETTYNG, whetting, gk. 2220. QuHA, who, GG. 69. QuHASA, whoso, 771. QuHAEB, where, gg. 107. QuHEiL, wheel, go. 1225. QuHELMYS, pr. t. rolls, GO. 1225. QuHY, QuY, why, GK.623. gg. 96. QUHIL, QUHILL, QUILE, QuYL, QuYLB, while, GK. 30, 257, 722, 1035. go. 186 ; until, GK. 536. gg. 85, 272, 586 ; some- times, 1730. QuYLE FORTH, during some, 1072. QuHiLK, QuiLK, which, GG. 132, 607, 1165. QuHiLUM, whilom, gg. 546. QuYK, alive, gk. 2109. QuYSSBWEs, cuisses, armour for the thighs, GK.578. Quit, Quite, Quyt, Quyte, white, gk. 799, 885, 1205, 2364. Quyte, to requite, repay, gk. 2244, 2324. AA. xliv. 2. GO. 1101. J. 363. Quyt, J).;). requited, gg. 203, 586. Quo, who, GK. 231. Quo so, whoso, 209, 306. Quod, Quode, p. t. quoth, gk. 256, 309, 343. AA.viii. 9,lii. 1. J. 212. Quoyntance, acquaintance, familiarity, GK. 975. QwESCHYNS, cushions, aa. xxxv. 2. R. Rabel, rabble, pack, ok. 1899. Race, Rase, swift course, pace, gk. 1420. AA. ix. 8. go. 1213. See Res. Race, blow? gk. 2076. Rach, hound, gk. 1903. Rach, Raches, Rachez, Rachcbes, Rachchez, Rachis, pi. 1164, 1362, 1420, 1426, 1907. aa. v. 6. GO. 1344. See The Maister of the Game, f. 71, MS. Cott. Vesp. B. xii. Rad, Rade, afraid, gk. 251. aa. ix. 8, 9. Rad, Radd, ready, quick, gk. 862. aa. xxiii. 8, MS.D. c. 326. Radly, promptly, readily, gk. 367, 1164, 1343,1744. Ragit, p. p. torn ? gg. 854. Raye, track? aa.v. 6. Raik, to go, proceed, gg. 371, 1070. Raykes, pr. t. goes, rides, aa. xxvii. 7, MS. D. Raykez, imp. proceed, gk. 1076. Raikit, Rayked, Raykbdb, p. t. went, p 2 404 GLOSSARY. moved, ran, es. 1727, 1735. aa. ix. 8. GO. 72,613, 1130. Rayled, p. t. spread, SK. 952 ; bordered, 163, 603,745. AA. ii.4. Raysoun, reason, argument, gk. 227. Raith, Raithly, quickly, promptly, go. 128, 371, 910, 986, 1129, 1252. See Raith. Rak, vapor, fog, gk. 1695. Rak, encounter, gg. 918. Rake, course, road, gk. 2144, 2160. Ramand, roaring, gg. 1129. Ramy, to roar, growl, gc. 238. Ramyt, p. t. roared, shouted, gg. 693, 966. See Rome. Randone, swift course, j. 254. Randonit, p. p. flowed with a swift course, GG. 248. Rank, strong, gg. 691. See Ronk. Rapely, quickly, gk. 2219. Rapes, pr. t. moves quickly, runs, gk. 1309, 1903. Raris, roarings, gg. 85. Rasch, encounter, shock, gg. 914. Rasbz, 7)r. t. rushes, gk. 1461. Rasit, p.p. abashed, gg. 396. Rasse, raised mound, eminence, gk. 1570. So also in another poem in the same MS., the author says of the Ark, Hit sajtled on a softe day, synkande to groonde ; On a rasse of a rok hit reste at the laste. NeroJ.x./. 63. The word is not in Jamieson ; but is pre- served in Cumberland. See Brockett, v. Raise. Rassit, p. t. razed, destroyed, gg. 986. Rath, Rathe, quickly, soon, aa. li. 4. gg. 1314. See Raith. Rathe, savage, hasty ? aa. xxxiv. 9. Rathelbd, p.p. fixed, rooted, gk. 2294. Ravdb, a path? gk. 1710. Raught, p. t. reached, gave, gg. 458, 630. 0. 237,323 ; p.p. given, c. 330. Ravine, beasts of chace, prey, Gr.K.4l6. Raw, row, gg. 396. Rawbz, pi. gk. 513. Rawthe, terrible, jarring, gk. 2204. Rajtez, pr. t. gavest, gk. 2351. Rajt, p. t. rushed, 432 ; reached, gave, 1817, 1874, 2297- See Raught. Rebanes, ribbons, aa. ii. 3. fREBE, an error, apparently, for Rubyes, AA. xxxi. 4, MS. D. Pinkerton and Ja- mieson print it reve ; and the latter gives us the usual quantum of nonsense on it. Rebutit, p.p. repulsed, gg. 1136. Rech, Reche, to reach, give, gk. 66, 1804, 2059 ; attain, 1243. Reches, Rechez, pr. i. extends, 183; reachest, givest, 2324. Rechas, Reohayse, the recheat, a hunting term, applied to the notes blown on the horn to call the dogs, aa. v. 6, MS. D. v. 10. The term is preserved in Shakspere. See Nares Gloss, v. Recheat. Rechatand, Ijlowing the recheat, gk. 1911. Rechated, p.t. blew the recheat, gk. 1466 ; p.p. blown on with the recheat, 1446. Rechles, careless, gk. 40. Recomforthed, p. t. encouraged, aa. iv. 4. Recuee, remedy, gg. 1203. Reddourb, violence, aa. vii. 3. Rede, n. counsel, aa. viii. 2. gg. 120. c. 87. Rede, to maintain, gk. 1970; to counsel, 2111. AA.xli. 5, xliii. 4. Redbz, Redys, pr. t. managest, gk. 373 ; tells, aa. ii. 3. Rede, Reede, Redden, pr, t. counsel, GK. 363. AA. xxxiv. 9. GG. 323. GC. 133. Red, swi/. should counsel, gk. 738. Redde, p. p. counselled, said, 443. Redles, void of counsel, gg. 1130. Redly, readily, gk. 373. See Radly. Repourme, pr. t. renew, remake, gk. 378. Reft, p. t. snatched, took away, gg. 81. Rehbtb, to cheer, gg. 1158. Rehavted, p. t. cheered, encouraged, 895, 1422, 1744. Reif, to rob, GG. 1314. Reykynge, running, gc. 110. Reime, realm, gg. 1258. Reihdit, p. t. clamored, gg. 914 ; p. p. resounded, 85 ; reared ? 238. GLOSSARY. 405 Rekenly, straightway ? promptly? ok, 39, 251, 821. Reknand, riding? gb. 519. Rbled, p. t. swaggered, ok. 229 ; rolled, spread, 304. Relyes, pr. i. follow ? continue ? aa. v. 6. Remene, to remember, gk. 2483. Remorde, to blame, gk. 2434. Remwe, to change, gk. 1475. Renay, pr. t. refuse, gk. 1827- Renayed, p. t. refused, 1821. Renk, Renke, man, knight, gk. 303, 69I, 1558,1821. AA.xxvi. 5, 1. 3. gg. 72, 113. ReNKES, RbNKIS, RBNKKEZ,pi!. GK. 432, 862, 1134, 2246. gg. 11, 133. In Rich- ardson's Dictionary, 4to. 1837, I regret to find this by no means unusual word entered as Reuk, on the authority of Whitaker's vile text of Piers Phuhman. Rennande, running, gk. 857. Rbnne, to run, gk. 1568. Rbnnbs, Ren- NEZ, pr. t. runs, 310, 731, 1570. Rentahis, holders of lands, chiefs, gg. 403. Res, swift course, pace, gk. 1164, 1899. aa. xxvii. 7, MS. D. See Race. Resayt, a hunting term, applied to the stations taken up by those on foot, gk. 1168. Rescowe, rescue, gk. 2302. Resette, Resset, place of reception, abode, GK.2164. GG.38. Resynge, pr. t. resign, aa. 1. 4. Rest, p. t. rested ? aa. xxv. 5, MS. D. Rbstayed, p. p. stopt, driven back, qk. 1153. Restbyed, p. t. constrained? gk. 1672. Restlbs, without rest, gg. 113, 307. Restling, struggling? gg. 458. Reuth, sorrow, qg. 693, 996, 1129- Reuay, festivity, gg. 1343. Rbue, to take away, bereave, gk. 2459. Kevedb, p.p. bereaved, aa. xxii. 8. Recerssede, p.p. trimmed, aa. ii. 3. The same phrase is found in the alliterative Morte Arthure. And with ladily lappes, the lenghe of a jerde, And alle redily reuersside vf rebanes of golde. MS. Linc.f. 87''. Pinkerton misprints this word reidsett, from the Douce MS., which is gravely received by Jamieson, and dignified with a Saxon derivation ! ! Rew, to repent, gg. 98. Rewyth, />r. t. repents, go. 195. Rewit, p. t. pitied, GG. logo. Rewfully, compEissionately, aa. xxv. 5. Riale, Riall, Rialle, Ryal, Ryalle, royal, gk. 905. aa. xxvi. 7, xlix. 3. gg. 15,72. GC. 26, 593. Ryalle, pZ. nobles, used substantively, aa. 1. 4. Riallbst, royalest, gg. 402. Ryalmb, realm, gk. 691. Ryalmes, pi. 310. RiALTB, royalty, go. 1041. RiccHES, Riches, Ryches, pr. t. goes, gk. 8; prepares, dresses, 1309, 1873. Richbn, Riches, pr. t.pl. dress, gk. 1130 ; march, AA. xxi. 3, MS. D. Ryched, p. p. pre- pared, GK. 2206. Rich, Riche, Rych, Ryche, noble, proud, powerful, GK. 8, 20, 39, 40, 397, 1744. GG. 402 . Used substantively in the plural, nobles, gk. 66, 362. Rych, pr. t. teach? gk. 1223. RiCHCHANDB, running, gk. 1898. RlCHB, n. (.') GK. 2177- Ryched, p. p. enriched, gk. 599. RiCHELY, Rychely, proudly, nobly, gk. 308, 931. Ryd, Rydde, to release, gk. 364 ; rescue, 2244. Ridand, riding, gg. 189. Ride, fierce, rough, gg. 500. Used also by Barbour. Ryde, p. t. proceed, gk, 1344. Rygge, back, gk. 1344, 1608. Righte, p. t. rip, cut, aa. xxxix. 11. RiGHTUis, righteous, gg. 1091. Rightwisly, righteously, aa. xxv. 5, MS.D. Rignb, to reign, gg. 424. See Ring. 406 GLOSSARY. Rykandb, potent, loud ? gk. 2337. Rtued, p. t. vociferated? gk. 308. Rtmez, rims, borders? ge. 1343. Ryn, to run, gg. 1344. Rynb, territory, gg. 225. Ring, to reign, gg. 49S, Ryngis, pr. t. 1236, 1289. RiNGAND, reigning, gg. 1041. Rynk, ring, gk. 1817, 1827. Ryol, royal, gk. 2036. RioLYSE, nobles, gg. 910. Ryot, revel, gg. 1345. Rypez, pr. t. becomes ripe, gk. 528. Rise, Rys, bough, twig, gk. 1698. gg. 854, 1344. RissHE, n. rush, aa. xliii. 7. RisTE, resting place ? aa. v. 6. Ryste, p. t. rested, aa. xviii. 10. Rytte, pr. t. cut, rip, gk. 1332. Ryue, rife, much, gk. 2046. Ryuez, pr.i. rips, rives, cuts, gk. 1341, 2290. Rived, p. t. arrived, akc. 32. Ryjt, p. t. addressed, prepared, gk. 308. Roche, rock, gk. 2199. Roches, rock, ge. 1432. Rocheres, Ro- CHEEEZ, pi. 1327, 1698. Rode, Roode, complexion, aa. xiii. 5. go. 367. Rode, Rood, gk. 1949. Roe, peace, rest, Gr.K. 395. Germ.ruh. It is left unexplained by Ritson in Le Bone Florence, Metr. Rom. iii. 36 ; and Erie of Tolous, ib. iii. 122. Ror, blow, cut, GK. 2346. RoGH, RoGHE, R03, RojE. Tough, shaggy, GK. 745, 1432, 1608, 1898, 2162, 2198. Roy, Royb, king, AA.xlix. 3. go. I89. RoKKED, p.p. rolled, cleansed, gk. 2018. Geoffrey of Vinesauf says, " Rotantur loricse, ne rubigine squalescunt," which Sir S. Meyrickadds, was done by putting the coat of mail into a barrel filled with sand, and rolling it about. — Crit.Inq.l.SS. Hence may be explained a passage in La- jamon, 1. 22287. Rome, to growl, roar, c. 209. See Ramy. RoMBz, pr. i. walks, proceeds, gk, 2198. RoNEZ,/)Z. thickets, brush-wood, gk. 1466. RoNGE, jp. t. resounded, gk. 2204. RoNK, RoNKE, strong, gk. 513. aa. xlvii; 6. See Rank. Ronkklbd, f).p. wrinkled, gk. 953. RooEE, heap, c. 370. Rote, (?) gk. 2207. RouGHT, p. t. recked, lamented, Gr.K. 242. Roun, to whisper, commune, gk. 362. RouNCB. steed, gk. 303. Rous, fame, gk. 310. Rouse, brag, boast, Gr.K. 166. See Ruse. Rout, army, multitude, gg. 307. to. 131, 175. Rout, Route, violent movement, impetus, GK. 457 ; blow, AA. xli. 5. gg. 630, 940. RouTis, pi. blows, 0. 500. Roue, p. t. cleaved, cut, gk. 2346. RouEz, roofs, GK. 19Q. R03, RojE, see Rogh. Rubes, rubiesi AA.ii.4. The Douce MS. reads, ryhees, which is only a variation in spelling, or blunder of the scribe, but which Jamieson chooses in the 8vo edit. of his Dictionary to explain " shoes called turn-overs".'.'.' Ruchched, Ruched, Rusched,|). ^ moved, advanced? gk. 303, 367, 2219. SeeRic- CHBS. Rude, adj. strong? gg. 85. Rude, n. Rood, gg. 124. RuDEDE.p.jj. ruddy, gk. 1695. See Rose. RuDELEz, curtains, gk. 857- RuDLY, speedily, go. 561, 673. or.K. 153. See Radly. Rugh, Ru3e, rough, gk. 953, 2166. See Rogh. f Ruyschly, apparently an error for Ru- NYSCHLY, violently, gk. 432. Runisch, violent, impetuous, gk. 457. RuNiscHLY, fiercely, roughly, gk. 304. See MS. Cott. Nero A. x. ff. 80'', 85^. RusD, RuHDE, noise, clamor, gk. 1149, 1698, 1916, 2219, 2337. GLOSSARY. 407 Ruse, boast, aa. 98 ; fame, 1241. See Rous. RuTHES, pr. t. moves, dresses? gk. 1558. Cf. RiCCBES. Sa, so, go. 831. Sabatounz, steel shoes, sk.574. SeeNotes, p. 315. Sad, stable, strong, gg. 249 ; grave, 428. Sadel, to saddle, ge. 1128. This word is only inserted for the purpose of pointing out a singular error of Mr. Guest, who prints the word /adei, and then explains it jFettle. Hist. Engl. Rh. ii. 167. Sadly, gravely, steadily, gk. 437, 1593, 1937, 2409. GG. 574. Sap, save, except, gk. 394. Safe, Sauene, to assuage, alleviate, aa. xvii. 1. Sage, (?) gk. 531. Sage, man, gg. 266. See Sege. Say, saint, gk. 774. Saiklese, guiltless, gg. 3, 797. Sail, Saill, Sale, hall, gk. 197, 243, 349. AA.xxvii. 1. GG. 72, 133, 360, 1092. Saylande, flowing, gk. 865. Saill, happiness, gg. 267. Sayn, girdle, gk. 589. Sayn, saint, gk. 1788. Saynd, Sayndis-man, messenger, gg. 47, 326, 367. Sayne, see Sane. Sayned, p. t. blessed, gk. 761, 1202. Saynt, rich stuff, Fr. samit, gk. 2431. Saland, sailing, gg. 250. Saler, salt-cellar, aa. xxxv. 8, MS. D. Sa- LERS, pi, AA. xxxv. 8. Salf, to save, preserve, gg. 793. Salt, assault, gg. 473. Salue, to salute, gk. 1473. Salure, salt-cellar, gk. 886. See Saler. Salust, p. t. saluted, gg. 136, 382, 1278. Salued, Saluedb, p. p. saved, aa. xvii. 12, xix. 10. Sambutes, housings, saddle-cloth, aa. ii. 11,MS.D. Same, Samen, Samyne, together, gk. 50, 363, 673, 744. GG. 906, 914. Samen, to assemble, gk. 1372. Samned, p.p. joined, 659. Samyne, same, gg. 304, 315. Sanap, Sanape, napkin, gk.886. aa.xxxv. 8, MS. D. Sanapes,^;. aa. xxxv.8. " Sa- noppe, manutergium," Prompt. Parv. Ja- mieson absurdly interprets this mustard!!.' Sandel, see Sendal. Sane, Sayne, to say, gg. 4. j. 57. Saned, Sanede, ^.p. healed, aa. Uv. 4, 10. fSAUDE, p.p. served? aa. ii. 11, MS. D. Jamieson prints this sande^ and explains it girt. Saup, to save, gg. 1102. SAUGHTiLLE,to make peace, to be reconciled, aa. lii. 10. Saughtnyng, peace, reconciliation, gg. 1264. Saull-prow, spiritual benefit, gg. 269. Sauand, saving, excepting, gg. 441. Saued, p. p. healed, aa. liv. 4, 10, MS. D. Sauer, safer, gk. 1202. Sauerly, savourly, carefully, gk. 1937, 2048. Saw, Saje, saying, speech, gk. 1202, 1246. GG. 266. Sawis, Sajez,^^. GE.341. og. 873. Sawtirb, saltire, aa. xxiv. 8. Sawtry, Sawtrye, psaltery, go. 598. c. 466. Sajtlynge, reconciliation, aa. Ii. 11, MS.D. See Saughtille. Scade, p. t. severed, gk. 425. Scar, to frighten, gg. 279- t ScAS, probably a mistake for cast, aa. xlviii. 2, MS. D. Those who wish it may see what Jamieson has made of the corruption. Scathe, harm, gk. 674, 2353. Schadden, p. t. shed, dropt, gk. 727- See Shade. ScHAFTB, spear, gk. 205. ScHAFTED, p. t. set. Sank, gk. 1467. ScBAGHES, groves, aa. yi. 2, MS. D. See SCHAJE. 408 GLOSSARY. ScHAiP, imp. go, G6. 599. ScHAiR, ScHARE, p. t. cut, smote, GO. 930, 968. SCHALE, shall, GK. 1240. ScHALK, man, knight, gk. 160, 424, 1776, 2061,2372. G6.599. SCHALKEZ, SCHAL- Kis, pi. GK. 1454. 06. 639, 891. Schale, gen.pl. 562. ScHANE, bright, aa. xxvi. 4. See Schene. ScHANKEs, legs, GK. 160. See Schonkes. ScHAP, p. t. -was formed, gk. 2328. ScHAPE, to escape ? gk. 1210. ScHAPEN, p.p. shaped, gk. 213. Schapes, pr. t. relates, gk. 1626. ScHAPLY, fitly, fairly, gc.453. ScHARP, used substantively for sword, gk. 1593, 1902; axe, 2318. ScHATBRANDE, dashing, GK. 2083. ScHAWE, to shew, GK. 27. ScHAjE, grove, wood, gk. 2161. See SCHABHES. SCHEDDIT, p. t. cut, GG. 990. ScHED,^.^). cut, shaved, 604. ScHEDER, pr. t. drifts ? gk'. 956. ScHEDEz, pr. t. pours, gk. 506. fScHEiDis, a misprint for Scheildis, gg. 668. Jamieson, however, endeavoua:s to find a meaning, and explains the word distances ! ScHEIRLY, ScHIELT, ScHYRLY, cleaiily, GK. 1880 ; brightly, GO. 22, 477. See Schie. ScHELDEz, shields of a boar, gk. 1456, 1626. ScHEMERED, p. /. glittered, gk.772. ScHEND, ScHENDE, to destroy, confound, OK. 2266. GG. 1077. ScHENT, p. ?. went to pieces, 619. Schent, Shente, p.p. injured, conquered, disgraced, aa. xlix. 7. GG. 689, 1068, 1186. j. 16,514. ScHENE, ScHEYNE, ShEENE, ShENE, bright, beautiful, clear, gk. 662, 2314. AA.xxiv. 8, XXX. 7, xxxix. 7, liv. 7. og. 242, 444, 477,639. Gr.K. 447. Used substantively, GK.2268. Schene, p. t. were conspicuous, gg. 1273. ScHBNT, n. disgrace, go. 1077. ScHERB, Schierb, countenance, mien, gk. 334. GG.616. ScHEKE, to shear, cut, gk. 213. ScfeER, p. t. 1337. See Schair. ScHiDEs, ScHYDES, Splinters, aa. xxxix. 7,9. i-ScHiLDE, should, GK. 1286. ScHYLDE, svhj. forbid, gk, 1776. ScHiNANDE, shining, gk. 269. ScHYNBAWDES, greaves? armourforthe legs, AA. xxxi. 5. MS. D. seems to read Schyn- BANDBS, and it is so printed by Pinkerton and Jamieson. The same term occurs again in the alliterative Morte Arthurs : The schafte schoderede and schotte in the schire beryne, That the schedande blode one his schanke run- nys, And schewede one his scJiynbawde, that was schire bumeste. MS. Line./. 93". ScHYNDERED, p. t. severed, shivered, gk. 424, 1458, 1594. SCHIR, SCHTRE, ScHYIHE, ScHYR, ScHYRE, fair, bright, clear, gk. 317,425, 619, 772. GG. 537, 610, 639, 690, 1331. Used sub- stantively for sTcin or neck, 2256. See ScHEIRLY. ScHYRB, fairly, clearly, gk. 506, 2083. ScHYRER, fairer, clearer, gk. 955. ScHO, she, GK. 1259, 1550, 1555. aa. i. 13, iii. 1, xxvii. 7. SCHOLES, pr. t. (?) GK. 160. ScHONKES, Shonkbz, legs, GK. 431, 846. ScHONKiT, p. t. gave way, failed, gg. 619. Jamieson prints it Schenkit, and interprets it agitated. See also Weber's Gloss, to Metr. Rom. v. Schenche. ScHORB, shore, earth, gk. 2161, 2332. ScHOREZ, pi. 2083. ScHORE, high, eminent, gg. 340. ScHORE, threat, gg. 103. ScHORB, to threaten, go. 276. SCHOTTEN, /I. f. shot, GK. 1167. SCHOWEN, SCHOWUBZ, ScHOWYS, pr. t. shove, push, throng, gk. 1454, 2161. GLOSSARY. 409 A A. V. 1. ScHOwtiED, p. t. shoved, fell with force, gk. 2083. ScHRANK.p.*. sunk, pierced, gk. 425, 2313. ScHRBDE, to clothe? AA. xxxi. 5. ScHROP, p. t. shrived, gk. 1880. ScHROuD, apparel, armour, go. 599, 968. ScHRUBDEDE, p.p. dressed, aa. ii. 7. ScHRYDEs, pr. t. covers or protects from ? AA. ii. 7. MS. D. reads Shedes. ScHUNT, backward step ? gk. 2268. ScHtiNT, p. t. shunned, shrunk, gk. 1902, . 2280. ScHUPE,p.<. purposed, disposed,6G.456,473. ScHURDE, p. p. dressed, aa. ii. 7, MS. D. ScHWNE, to protect? gk. 205. ScowTES, high rocks ? gk. 2167. See Brockett, in v. Sbch, to seek, gk. 1052. See, kingdom, gc. 660. Sege, Seqge, siege, gk. 1, 2525. Segb, Sbgg, Sbgge, man, knight, gk. 96, 115,226,394,437. AA.xxviii.8. gg. 90, 459. Sbgge, gen. c. man's, gk. 574. Sbgges, Segqez, Segis, j)2. gk. 673, 822, 1438. GG. 142, 209, 651. Seghb, p. t. saw, GK. 1705. Sey, sea, og. 3. Sey,^. /. saw, GK. 1619. Seyb, to go, GK. 1879. Sejen, p. p. arrived, 1958. Seill, Sele, good fortune, prosperity, gk. 1938,2409,2422. GG.4. Seymly, fair, comely, go. 524. The edit. 1508, reads seynih/, by a misprint, which Pinkerton converts into seynity. Jamieson contends that seynily is right, and means signal.'// Seir, Sere, adj. several, gk. 124, 632, 761, 822, 1982. AA. xvii. 2, MS. D. gg. 214, 251, 1338. ,Seir, adv. much, eagerly? gg. 473. Seir, gg. 529, is so printed by Pinkerton and Jamieson, although the edit, of 1508 reads Fbir. The meaning is doubtful. tSEiR, probably a mistake for ScHiK, bright, 60. 242. Seyth, see Sethe. Seker, Sekore, sure, trusty, gk. 265. og. 2. See Siker. Seladynes, chalcedonies, aa. ii. 9, MS. D. Falsely printed by Pinkerton and Jamie- son seladynes. f Selcought, ^Z. marvels, og. 210. Selcouth, marvellous, strange, og. 266,409, 1338. Selcouthes, marvels, wonders, aa. xxvi. 8, MS. D. Selden, seldom, gk. 499. Sele, see Seill. Sellokest, most surprising, ok. 1439. Sblly, n. marvel, wonder, ok. 474, 2170. Sellyez, pi. 239. Sblly, adj. strange, gk. 28. Sblly, adv. wondrously, gk. 1194. Sellyly, strangely, wondrously, gk. 963, 1803. f Sellyly, perhaps for Selly, excellent, OK. 1962. Seloure, Sblurb, canopy, ok. 76. aa. xxvii. 2. See Sylour. Seluen, joined to a noun or pronoun in the singular, gk. 51, 107, 113, 1548. Semblaunce, Sembland, Semblaunt, countenance, appearance, behaviour, gk. 148,468, 1273, 1658. go. 428, 1282. j. 8. Semble, Semblee, assembly, ok. 1429. 00. 214. Semblb, pr. i. assemble, aa. vi. 1, MS. D. Semblyngb, meeting together, aa. U. 11. Seme, (?) ok. 1085. Semed, p. t. beseemed, befitted, gk. 73, 1929. Semeledb, p. t. assembled, aa. vi. 1. Sembly, Semly, adj. comely, fair, gk. 672, 685. AA.xxxv. 8. GO. 1092, 1197. Semez, seams, borders, gk. 610. Semly, Sbjulych, adv. fairly, suitably, be- comingly, courteously, gk. 865, 882, 916, 1198, 1658. Semlbly, Semlyly, becomingly, gk. 622. AA. ii. 11. Semloker, more seemly, fairer, qk. 83. g 410 GLOSSARY. Sbmyde, Semyt, p. t. appeared, aa. ii. 10. oe. 529. Sen, since, gs. 57, 434. tSBND, for Sent, u. 198. Sendal, Sbndalb, Sandel, fine silk, gk. 76. aa. XXX. 9. Sene, adj. (?) GK. 341. It is allied to Su. G. sann, true ? Sene, to see, gk. 712. Bene, pr. t. aa. xlvi. 13. Sens, without, gg. T79. Senyeour, lord, master, gg. 145, 326. Sekb, see Seir. Sere,,(?) gk. 1522, 2417. Sbrkb, shirt, gc. 535. t. 367. Serlbpes, severally, by turns, gk. 501. Sertayn, certainly, gk. 174. Serued, p.p. deserved, gk. 1380. Seruy, »8. service ? gk. 751. Cf. 940. Sese, to receive, gk. 1825. Sesed, p. t. hqld, seized, 822, 1330. Sesed, J9. t. a,uAp.p. ceased, gk. 1, 1083, 2526. Set upone sevin, or on sevin, a phrage vrhich JamiesoD, v. Scheidis, gives up as inexplicable, and yet which is of such fre- quent occurrence as to deserve more notice than he has chosen to bestow on it. It is in most cases spoken of God, and the ori- ginal idea seems to imply the creation of the world in seven days, whence it means to set or disposein order, gg. 1045. Compare the Pystyl of Svsan, xxi. 4 ; and Towneley Mysteries, pp. 85, 97, 118. But in gg, 508, 668, the phrase appears to have ac- quired another sense, namely, to encoy/nter in battle. In the same sense it occurs in the alliterative Morte Arthure, f. 75'^. Sbte, (?) GK. 889. GG. 1155. Perhaps con- nected with Su. G. steta, prodesse, Sbte, Seten, p. t. and p. p. sat, 865, 940, 1522. Sbthe, Sbthyne, Seyth, afterwards, then, since, go. 222, 290, 299, 436, 469. See Sithbn. Setolers, players on the citole, a species of hurdy-gurdy? AA.xxvii. 5. Settel, seat, chair, gk.882. Seuer, to part, gk. 1988. Seubrbs, pr. t. 1797. Sew, p. t. follow, aa. vi. 2. Sewyde, p. i. followed, GC. 62. Sewe, prepared dish of meat, perhaps a stew, GK. 892. Sbwes, pi. 124, 889. Se3, Seje, Sb3bn, p. t. saw, gk, 672, 707, 1911. Shade, j3. t. shed, flowed, j. 90. See SCHADDEN. Shaftmone, half a foot, aa. xli. 2. This , term is retained by Sir John Harrington, in Ms translation of Ariosto. Shinand, shining, aa. xU. 2. Shindke, pr. t. shiver, break, aa. xxxix. 7, MS. D. Shoen, shoes, or.K. 516. Shontest, pr. t. shrinkest, or.K. 469. See Schunt. Shoure, conflict, j. 76. Shred, J3.^. severed, cut, aa. xliv. 10. Sic, such, gg. 274, 506. SicKERLY, SicKiRLY, Syckerlye, Surely, truly,GG.432,773,1005. j.210. Gr.K.215. Syflbz, ^r. t. whistles, blows, gk. 517. Sykande, sighing, gk. 1796. SiKBD, Syked, p. t. sighed, gk, 672. aa. xliii. 13. Gr.K. 268, SiKER, Sykbr, adj. sure, trusty, brave, gk. 96, 115,2048, 2493. gg.484, SiKER, adv. surely, gk. 1637- SiKiNG, Sykyng, sighing, gk. 753. aa. vii. 10, MS. D. Sykyngbz, pi. GK. 1982. Sylour, canopy, gg. 66. See Sblourb. Silit, p. t. sank, gg. 524. Jamieson's ab- surd interpretation of this linfe is unworthy notice. See his Diet. v. Seynity, or Sey- nily, words which never existed at all, ex- cept by the merest typographical blunders. SiLLB, Syll, seat, throne, gk. 55, gg. 433, 1197. Syluener, silver, plate? gk. 124. Syn, Syne, Synne, since, gk, 19, 24, 919, 1892 ; then, afterwards,GG.62,304.GC.515. Syngnb, sign, token, gk. 625. GLOSSARY. 411 Syke, lord, master, gg. 144, 428. ec. 223, 395. Sytb, disgrace, sorrow, gg. 1099, 1202. Sttis, pi. torments, aa. xvii. 1. Syth, sight? GB. 1315. SiTH, time, GG. 382. Sithe,Sythe, Sythes, Sythbz, Sythis, pi. GK. i7, 632, 761, 1868. AA. xlii.6. gc. 354, 638. SiTHEN, SiTHENNE, SyTHE, SyTHEN, Sy- THENNB, afterwards, then, next, since, gk. 1, 6, 43, 115, 358, 1234, 1339. aa. iii. 6, XX. 5, XXXV. 7. J. 42. See Sethe. SiTTANDE, sitting, AA. xxxviii. 7. Syj, Sy3E, p. t. saw, gk. 83, 200, 1582. •f-SKAtTHT, injury, harm, gg. 279. SkAYNBD, J9.^. (?) GK. 2167. t Skeled, apparently an error for Serkeled, incircled, aa. x. 3, MS. D. Skere, modest ? gk. 1261. Skete, quickly, gk. 19. Skyfted. j9.^. shifted, changed, gk. 19. Skill, Skyl, Skylle, reason, gk. 1296, 1509. GG. 1219. MG. 167. tSKYNNEZ,ldnd; theinitial letter in pronun- ciation having become detached from the preceding word, gk. 1539. See other in- stances in Ls^amon, vol.ii. p. 607 ; and Arthour and Merlin, p. 159. 4to, 1838. Skirles, pr. t. screams, aa. xlii. 3. Skyrtbz, horse-trappings, gk. 601 ; skirts of a robe, 865. Skowes, Skuwes, Skwez, groves, shady coverts ? gk. 2167. aa. v. 1, MS. D., x. 12, MS. D. Cf. MS. Cott. Nero A. x. f. 81, S\\ Skrikbs, Skryke, Skrykis, pr. t. shrieks, shriek, AA. X. 12, MS. D., xlii. 2, xlviii. 8. Skrii.l,eb, pr.t. screams, AA. xlviii. 8,MS.D. Sladb, Slaid, valley, gk. 2147. gg. 840. SlADEZ, pi. GK. 1159. Slake, gap or ravine between two hills, aa. xxiii. 12. Slaked, p. p. drunken? gk. 244. Slawe, /).|). slain, c. 420. Sle, skilful, GG. 883. Sleutyng, shooting, letting fly, gk. 1160. 3 Sleje, ingenious, gk. 797, 893. Slejly, slily, softly, gk. 1182. Sle^t, SL13T, stratagem, gk. 1854, 1858. Sle^tez, pi. 916. Slikbs, pr. t. slides, AA. "xlviii. 6, MS. D. The Line. MS. reads slydys, contrary to the rhythm. Pinkerton and Jamieson falsely print the word slilc, and the latter makes it an adjective. Slynge, blow, AA. xlviii. 5. The Douce MS. reads slenh, which is only a provincial mode of pronunciation. Jamieson, how- ever, is misled by it, and interprets it er- roneously, apiece of low craft. Slyjt, skilful, GK. 1542. Slodb, p. t. slipt, GK. 1182. Slokes, blows ? GK.412.' Slomeryng, slumbering, gk. 1182. Slot, pit of the stomach, gk. 1330, 1593. See Notes, p. 322. Smbten, p. t. smote, gk. 1763. Smethely, smoothly, gk. 1789. Smolt, mild, gk. 1763. Smurb, to smother, be concealed, gg. 1204. Snaht, Snartly, severely, sharply, gk. 2003. AA. vii. 4, MS. D. Snayped, Snayppbde, p, t. nipped, gk. 2003. AA.vii.4. Snellb, keenly, AA.vii.4. Snelles, pr. t. pierces ? aa. vii. 4, MS. D. Snetbrand, drifting, aa. vii. 4, MS. D. Snitbred, p. t. drove, drifted, "gk. 2003. SocHT, p. t. went, proceeded, gg. 302, 459. See S03T. Soft, to soften, gg. 1055. Sojourned, p.^. lodged, gk. 2048. SoMBR, beast of burthen, gc. 567. Sonde, Providence, go. 150. Soner, to trust? gg. 1105. SoNYNGE, swooning, go. 318. Sop, hasty meal, gk. 1135. Soppes de MAYN, pi. strengthening draughts, or viands, aa. xxxvii. 10. Dunbar uses the phrase hreid of mane, which is equivalent to the pain de maine of Chaucer. Sore, p. t. grieved, gk. 1826, 1988. g2 412 GLOSSARY. SoRjfi, inprecation, gk. 1721 ; sorrow, 2415. SoTELBR, player on the citole? aa. xxvii. 5, MS. D. See Sbtolers. SoTH, SoTHB, truth, GK. 84, 355. SoTHEN, ^.p. boiled, sodden, gk. 892. SouNDB, — In soundb, well, unhurt, gk. 2489. Soui^DBR, herd of wild swine, gk. 1440. See Notes, p. 323. SouNDYLY, soundly, gk. 1991. SouBQUYDRYB, pride, GK. 311. SouERANBFULL, noble, GG. 1304. SowMB, number, gk. 1321. SojT, p. t. went, departed, gk. 685, 1438. Space, to require? gk. 1199- Spail, blow ? GG. 984. Spalis, splinters, gg. 629. Spare, barren, gg. 112. Spare, several, divers, gk. 901. Sparis, imp. spare ye, gg. 274. Sparlyr, calf of the leg, gk. 158. I have only met with this word once elsewhere, namely in the early Wycliffite version of Deuteronomy, cap. xxviii. v. 35, where the later version reads " hyndere partes of the leg." Sparthb, axe, gk. 209. Sped,^. *. went, proceeded, gk. 1444. Used as p.p. with the verb to be, to imply suc- cess, Gr.K. 375. Spede, profit, gk. 918. Spedbd, p. t. hastened, gk. 979. Spedly, expediently? gk. 1935. SpBiR, Sperez, ^r. t. inquire, inquires, gk. 1624. GG. 274. Spek, Speken, p. t. spake, ok. 1117, 1288. Spelle, speech, narrative, gk. 209, 1199, 2184. Spellbz, pr. t. talkest, gk. 2140. Spend, Spenet,^. t. fastened, gk. 158,587. Spbnnb, (?) GK. 1074, 2316. Spenne, spinny, quickset hedge, gk. 1709, 1896. Spere-peild, field of battle, gg. 1238. Spetos, cruel, gk. 209. Spill yngb, failure, aa. xx. 7. The MS. D. reads Speling, which Jamieson falsely ex- plains instrtiction. Spyre, imp. ask, aa. xx. 9. See Speir. Spyt, injury, gk. 1444. Spiteth, pr. t. injureth, tg. 155. Sporne, interpreted by Jamieson to stumble, GG. 879. See Notes, p. 342. Sprenged, p. t. sprang, gk. 1415 ; dawned, 2009. Sprbnt, Sprbnte, p. t. leapt, gk. 1896. J. 146, 253. Gr.K. 200; shivered, split, GG. 618, 1238. Sprit, p. t. started? gk. 2316. Spured, Spuryed, p.p. inquired, gk. 901, 2093. Spute, imp. dispute, aa. xx. 9, MS. D. Stabled, ^.^. established, gk. IO6O. Stablye, station of huntsmen, gk. 1153. Used also by Wyntown. Stacke, p. t. stuck, J. 267. Stad, p. p. placed, disposed, gk. 33, 644, 2137. See MS. Cott. Nero A. x. ff. 58, 68,70b. Staf-pul, quite full, gk. 494. Stakerit, Stakkbrit, Stakrit,^.*. stag- gered, GG. 624, 916, 929. Stale, Stalle, seat, gk. 104, 107. Stalked, p. t. approached, moved, gk. 237. Staluart, Stalwart, Stalworth, strong, powerful, brave, gk. 846, 1659. gg. 89, 353,710,718,741. tg. 25. Staluart, and Stalwartis, pi. used substantively, GG. 642, 768. Standertis, pi. tapers of a large size ? aa. XXXV. 9- Stange, pole, staff, gk. 1614. Stapalis, staples, fastenings, gg. 981. STAPLED,y.jj. furnished withstaples,GK. 606. Starande, glittering, gk. 1818. Stargand, starting, aa. xl. 4, MS. D. Start, p. t. started, moved, gk. 431, 1716. Staub, staff? gk. 2137. Sted, Steddb, place, gk. 439, 2213, 2323. Steir, see On-stbir. Steir, to stir, gg. 505, 671. I Stbk, p. t. stuck, GK. 152. GLOSSARY. 413 Stekilledb, p. t. strewed, a a. xxxi. 2. Per- haps we should read Strekillede. Stel, p. t. stole, QK. ligi. Stel-gere, armour, ok. 260. Stemed, Stemmed, p. t. stood still? spoke in a low voice ? gk. 230, 1117. Stent, p. t. stopt, aa. xlv. 7 ; p.p. restrain- ed, GG. 559. Sterand, stirring, active, gg. 588, 890. Sterne, stout, brave ; used substantively, man being understood, gg. 19, 108, 987. See Sturne. Sternys, stars, aa. xxxi. 2. Steryne, stout, aa. xxxi. 1. Stbuen, Steuin, voice, sound, shout, gk. 242, 2008, 2336. GG. 2, 666, 821 ; con- ference, GK. 1060, 2194, 2213. Stid, place, aa. xxv. 4, MS. D. See Sted. Stip, adj. strong, brave, gk. 104, 107, 322. Stip, adv. courageously, gk. 671. Stibtande, starting, spirited, aa. xl. 4. Stynt, n. cessation, gg. 974. Stynt, to stop, GG. 767, 863. Styth, stout, brave, gg. 678, 718. STiTHiL,|)r. t. voyage ? gg. 460. Jamieson is certainly mistalien in converting this word into an adverb, and explaining it eagerly. Stithly, Stythly, stiffly, strongly, gk. 431,575. Stijt, strongly ? aa. xlvi. 6. Stijtel, to dispose? gk. 2137. Stijtles, ST13TLEZ, pr. t. sits, dwells, 104, 2213. Styjtel, imp. set, dispose, 2252. Stoken, p.p. secured, fastened, fixed, gk. 33,494,782,2194. Stonay, conflict, gg. 863 ; trouble of the mind, 1056. Stonay, to confound, gg. 831. Stonybs, pr. t. art astonished, aa. xxxii. 4. Stonayed, Stonayt, Stonyed, p. p. confounded, astonished, ok. 1291. aa. xlv. 9. GO. 1. 625,821. Stond, Stondb, time, while, aa. xlv. 9. oc. 1. 0.45. Stonded, p. t. confounded ? aa. xlvii. 4. Stob, Store, adj. strong, gk. 1291, 1923. oc. 122. See Stour. Store, n. combat, aa. Iv. 11. See Stour. Stotin, to cease, stop, go. 768. Stotit, p. t. 678. Stottyde, p. t. stammered, aa. ix. 5. Stound, Stounde, Stownde, time, aa. liv. 11. OG. 642, 929. J. 160. Stoundez, pi. gk. 1517, 1567. Stotjned, Stounnede, Stowned,/). t. was confounded, astonished, gk. 242, 301. aa. ix. 5. See Stonay. Stour, Stowrb, Sture, adj. strong, brave, AA.lv. 11. GO. 87, 534. J. 73. MG. 8. Stour, Stourb, Stower, Stowrb, n. battle, conflict, aa. xliii. 6. go. 353, 575, 624. GO. 5. J. 183. or.K. 46. to. 149- c. 4. Stourne, stout, bold, aa. xxxi. 1, MS. D. See Sturnb. Stowt, strong, used substantively, go. 831. Stray, see On-stray. Straid, p. t. strode, gg. 616. Straik, b. blow, GG. 929, 981. Straik, p. t. struck, go. 1018, 1164. Strayne, to restrain, curb, gk. 176. Strakandb,^.|W. blowing, ok. 1364, 1923. A hunting term. See MS. Cott. Vesp. B . xii. f. 102''. Strauoht, straight? gg. 460. Strbytb, Strijt, p.^. stretched, erect, aa. xli. 13, xlii. 1. Strenyeit, p.p. constrained, go. 276. Strenkbl, pr. t. scatter, aa. xlvi. 5. Steenth, to strengthen, gg. I99. Strb3T, close, tight, ok. 152. Stry, Stryb, to destroy, gk. 2194. aa. xxi. 6, MS. D. Erroneously interpreted by Jamieson to overcome. Stright, straight? gg. 199. Strykes, pr. t. rides, aa. xl. 4. Strythe, Stryththb, position of the legs when firmly placed, stride, gk. 846, 2305. STR0THE,a(Z/. (?) GK.171O. Possibly related to theMiddleHighDutchsfen«<,copse, thicket. Stubbe, stock of a tree, gk. 2293. Stude, place? gg. 718. 414 GLOSSARY. Stup, strength? og. 495. Stvvtit, p.p. tired, exhausted? 00.830. Stummerand, stumbling, go. 624. Sturnb, stout, bold, gk. 143. Used sub- stantively, 214. AA. xli. 12. See Sterne. Sturtes, stirrups, gk. 171. SuAOE, pr. t. assuage, relax, go. 828. SuANDE, following, gk. 1467. SuccEUDRY, presumption, proud language, GG. 278. See Surqvidre. Sues, ^r. <. follows, gk. 510. Sued, ^. ^ followed, 501, 1705. SuGETTE, subject, AA. xxiv. 7. SuiRE, neck, gm. 129. See Swyre. SuMNED, j).j). summoned, gk. 1052. Stjjmdred, p. p. severed, disjoined, gk. 659. Suppose, although, go. 94,824. SuRFET, fault, GK. 2433. f SuRGET, apparently an error for sitgel, sub- ject, AA. xxiv. 7, MS. D, Jamieson consi- dered it at first an Tieraldic term, and after- wards, to mean a debauched woman, in allusion to Guenever ! ! ! SuRQUtDRE, pride, gk. 2457. SuTBLL, skilful, GG. 697. Suwene, pr. t. follow, aa. vi. 2, MS. D. See Sew. SwANG, p. t. swung, smote, gg. 562. See Swing. SwANGE, loins? gk. 138, 2034. aa. xlviii. 6, MS. D. Swap, blow, aa. xlii. 7. Swap, imp. exchange, gk. 1108. Swap- ped, SwAPT, p. t. struck, AA. xl. 7. 1 1, xlvii. 6, MS. D. SwARE, square, gk. 138. SwARE, neck ? gg. 1053. SwAREz, pr. t. answers, gk. 1766. Swar- UTi.p.t. answered, 1793,2011. SwATHEL, strong man, aa. xlii. 7. SwEYED, p. t. moved, pressed, gk. 1429. SwENGEs, pr. t. starts, gk. 1756. Swen- 6BN, ^r. /. proceed, move quickly, 1615. Swenged, p. t. rushed, 1439. See MS. Cott. Nero A. x., ff. 58^, 66. SwERB, p. t. swore, gk. 1825. SwETE, «. suit, GK. 2518. SwETE, 0(2/. used substantively, W^%< or lady being understood, gk. 1108, 1222. SwETE, p. t. sweated, gk. 180. SwETHLED, |j./). folded, GK. 2034. SwEUENEs; dreams, GK. 1756. SwEj, pr. t. follows, GK. 1562. See Sew. SwEjE, p. t. stooped, GK. 1796. SwYEREZ, squires, 6K.824. SwYKES, pr. t. acts treacherously, aa. xlii. 7. Jamieson explains it falsely, to cause to stumble. SwiLKE, SWYLK, SwYLKE, SUch, AA.V. 13, xxiii. 13, xxvi. 9. Swilled, p. t. washed ? akc. 276. SwYNG, to strike, gg. 828. SwYNGEZ, pr. t. rushes, gk. 1562. See SwENGES. Swinke, to labor, tg. 103. SwYRB, neck, throat, gk. 138, 186, 957. aa. xl. 7, MS. D. SWITH, SWITHE, SWYTHE, quickly, OK. 8, 815, 1424, 2259. GG. 380. TG. 312; greatly, earnestly, gk. 1860, 1866, 1897. SwYTHELY, quickly, or much, gk. 1479. SwoGHE, quiet, gk. 243. SwooHES, pr. t. flow with noise ? aa. v. 3. SwouNDiNG, swooning, or.K. 269. Ta, one, GG. 904. Tabernacles, ornamental work in archi- tecture, Gc. 610. Tablet, table-cloth ? aa. xxxi. 11, MS. D. Tablez, corbels ? gk.789. Tachez, pr. t. fastens, gk. 2176. Tached, Tachched, j).j}. attached, fixed, 2 1 9, 25 1 2 . Tadb, toad, AA. ix. 10, MS. D. Taghte, p. t. took, AA. li. 6. Takis, imp. take thou, aa. xiv. 1. Takles, garments? gk. 1129. Tale, speech, discourse, gk. 1236. Talbnttyp, desirous, gk. 350. Talkkandb, talking, gk. 108. Tane, one, gg. 1131. See Price's Note on Warton, ii. p. 496. GLOSSARY. 415 Tane, to take, gc. 203. Tas, Ta, TAN,pr. /. 913, 977, 1920, 2305. Ta, TAS.imy. 413, 1390,1811. Tan, TANE,|).y. 490, 1210, 2488. GG. 910. c. 173. Tape, Tappb, stroke, rap, gk. 406, 2357- Tapit, carpet, gk. 568; table? 884. Ta- PITES, Tapytez, pi. tapestry, 77, 858. Tars, is stated by Du Cange to mean Tharsia, a country adjoining to Cathay, but not to be confounded with Tartary. See his Glossary, v. Tariarinus. In gk. 77, 858, it is named as the place where tapestries were manufactured, and in 571 a rich silk must be understood. The phrase is met with in Chaucer, and in the alliterative Morte Arthurs, f. 87. Tasee, clasp, fibula, aa. xxviii. 4. MS. D, reads Tosses, in the plural, which Ja- mieson erroneously interprets girdles. Tathe, pr. t. takest, gk. 2357. Tathis, fragments, go. 913. Tatighte, p. t. gave, aa. xlvii. 7. ThViT, p.p. behaved, mannered, gc. 328. Taysed, ;).^. driven, harassed, gk. 1169. Tayt, fair, plump? gk. 1377. See MS. Cott. Nero A. x. f. 69. Tajt, Tajtte, p. t. taught, gk. 1485, 2379. Teccheles, blameless, gk. 917. Tech, disposition, quality, gk. 2488. Techbs, pi. 2436. Tedder-stakes, stakes driven into the ground to which horses or cattle are te- thered, c. 185. Still used in the North. Tbir, Ter, Tere, tedious, irksome, aa. x. 4. GG. 213. 898, 1341. See Tor. Teirfull, tedious, fatiguing, gg. 33, 42, 760. Telde, mansion, habitation, gk. 1775. TEtDES,/)Z. 11. Tbldet, p. t. set up, GK. 1648. Telded, Teldede, p. p. set up, built, 795, 884 ; covered, aa. xxx. 9. Tembs, stories, themes ? gk. 1541. Temyt, p. t. emptied, gg. 756. Tend, tithe, tenth, gg. 760. Tenb, n. sorrow, mischief, gk. 22. aa. xxii. 9 ; trouble, ok. 1008 ; anger, aa. xl. 5, xlvii. 7. Tenb, adj. difficult of passage, perilous, fa- tiguing, GK. 1707, 2075. GG. 33. Tenb, to grieve, gk. 2002. Tenez, pr. t. troubles, matters, 547. Tened, p. f. grieved, 2501 ; p.p. molested, 1169. Tbneful, grievous, aa. xlvii. 7, MS. D. Tenelyng, trouble ? gk. 1514. Tent, n. intent, care, attention, gk. 624. aa. xiii. 9, MS. D. gg. 149. Tent, to pay attention, gg. 342. Tented, p. t. took care of, gk. 1018. Tenteth, pr. t. contenteth, c. 129. Teugh, Tewch, tough, gg. 704, 1069. In the latter instance it is used in a phrase by no means unusual, meaning to make difficulties. See Tyrwhitt's Gloss, in v. Tough. Teynd, (?) GG. 1083. Tha, the, GK. 1069. Thai, Thay, those, gg. 218, 365,737. Thairtill, thereto, gg. 1296. Than, when, GG. 1186. Thane, perhaps ace. case of the, aa. xxvi. 3. Thar, Thare, pr. t. need, gk. 2354. aa. xiv. 1, MS. D. That, used for what, gk. 1406; joined with a noun in the plural, those, gg. 339, 1153. GC. 221,426. Tha3, though, GK. 350,438,467. See TH03. Thede, Theid, country, land, kingdom, gk. 1499. GG. 174, 345,435. Theder, thither, gk. 935. Thee, to thrive, Gr.K. 73. Then, than, gk. 24, 236, 655. Ther, There, where, ok. 353,428, 874. Ther-fornb, therefore, gk. 1107- Ther- TYKE, thereto, 1110, 1369. Thewes, Thbwez, manners, gk. 912, 916. Thine, Thyne, thence, gg. 229, 1313. Thinkkez, Thynk, Thynkb, Thynkes, Thynkkez, pr. t. seems, gk. 1111, 1241, 1481, 1793, 2109. AA. XXV. 10. Thir, these, aa. viii. 6, xxviii. 9. gg. 5715 et senilis. 416 GLOSSARY. This, Thise, Thyse, these, gk. 42, 114, 654,1514. AA.lv. 7. GO. 1194. Tho, perhaps a mistake for The, gk. 39, 1419. Tho, those, GK. 68,466. aa. xx, 3. c. 382. Thoe, then, tg. 246. c. 398. Thof, though, GK. 624. Thoght, though, GG. 210, 501, 575. Tholed, p. t. suffered, gk. 1859, 2419. Thonke, n. thank, gk. 1984. Thonk, Thonkkez, j)l. 1031, 1380. Thoee, there, gk. 667. fTHOWB, then, Gr.K. 370. Thoj, though, GK. 69. See Thaj. Tho3T, p. t. seemed, gk. 49, 803, 819, 870. Thba, Thraw, bold, go. 60. tg. 34. See Thro. Thhang, battle, mel^e, gg. 345, 709. Thrang, p. t. crowded, pressed, gg. 60. Thrast, p. t. thrust, gk. 1443. Theat, p. t. threatened, gk. 1713 ; urged ? 1980. Thrawen, jj.p. bound, twisted, gk. 194. Thrawen, adj. brawny ? gk. 579. Thrbpe, chiding, gk. 1859, 2397. Thrbpez, pr. t. chides, reproves, gk. 504. Thrbted, ^. t. threatened, gk. 1725. Thrich, 71. push, rush, gk. 1713. Thril, slave, gg. 435. Thriuand, Thryuande, hearty, gk. 1980; successful, GG. 345. Thriuandly, Thryuandely, heartily, gk. 1080,1380; prosperously, GG. 435. Thro, Throb, earnest, eager, gk.645, 1021, 1713, 1751, 1868, 1946 ; bold, confident, 2300. Gr.K. 470. c. 151. SeeTnRA. Theoly, earnestly, gk. 939. Thronge, p. t. thrust, crowded, gk. 1021. Throwe, time, while, gk. 1680, 2219. Thhowen, p. p. plump ? GK. 1740. See Thrawen. Theubchandlee, Teubchandler, (?) AKC.120, 169. Thryes, thrice, gk. 1936. Thpyngez, pr. t, crowdest, gk, 2397. Theynne, three, gk. 1868. Theyubn, p. p. well-favored, gk. 1740. ThrY3T, p. t. threw, gk. 1443 ; p.p. given, 1946. Thclged, p. t. endured, gk. 1859. Thurled, p. t. pierced, gk. 1356. Thur3,Thur3e, through, above, gk. 91, 243, 645, et pass. Thujt, p. t. thought, GK. 843, 848. Thwarle, tight, hard, gk. 194. Wharl- knot is still used in the same sense in Lancashire. Thwong, thong, gk. 194. Thwonges,^/. 579. Thy, therefore, gk. 2247. Tybee, the river Tiber in Italy, aa. xxii. 9, MS. D. The reading of the Lincoln MS. proves how far wide of the truth Jamieson was, in conjecturing the word to mean warrior. Tyde, to betide, gg. 1083. Tydez, pr. t. 1396. Tyfpen, p. t. array, put in order, gk. 1129. Tight, Tyghte, Tyjt, p. p. fastened, tied, GK. 568, 858. AA. xxviii. 4 ; accoutred, GG. 197 ; made, built, 526 ; prepared, 744 ; undertaken? 898. Til, Tillb, Tylle, to, gk. 673, 1979. aa. xxviii. 9. GG. 1163. go. 506. Tyld, tent, mansion, gg. 356. See Teldb. Tymbee, TiMBiEE, to cause, build up, aa. xxii. 9. See Ritson's Gloss. Metr. Rom. in V. Tynt, p. p. lost, GG. 993. Typoun, type, pattern, gk. 1540. Tit, Tite, Tijt, Tyt, Tyte, promptly, speedily, gk. 31, 299, 1596. aa. xiii. 9, MS. D. GG. 756. 6c. 357. c. 393. See ASTYT. Tytelet, commencement, chief, gk. 1515. TiTLEEES, hounds, GK. 1726. Tyxt, text, GK. 1515, 1541. Tyjt, p. t. undertake? gk. 2483. See Tight. To, too, GK. 1827. J. 60 ; till, aa. xxxix. 5. GG. 306, 754. To-BEAKE, p. t. brake in pieces, go. 398. GLOSSARY. 417 To-DYOHT, to occasion, cause, j. 112. See D13T. To-PYLCHED, p. t. seized, pulled down, gk. 1172. To-FLEN, to flee, oc. 210. To-HEWE, to cut in pieces, gk. 1853. ToKE, p. t. gave, go. 294. ToLB, weapon, ge.413, 2260. ToLKE, man, gk. 1775, 1811, 1966. See TULK. Tome, leisure, aa. xxv. 2, MS. D. To-MORN, To-MOENB, to morrow, gk. 548, 756, 1097. Tone, p.p. betaken, committed, gk. 2159. TopPYNG, mane ? gk. 191. Tor, Tore, tedious, difficult, gk. 165, 719. AA. XV. 8. See Teir. To-EACED, p.p. run down, gk. 1168. Toret, p.p. turreted, gk. 96O, ToRFEiR, hardship, gg. 876. ToRNAYEEz, pr. t. turus, wheels, gk. 1767. ToRNAYiiE, task? GK. 1540. Perhaps we should read Toruaylb, labor, from Isl. torvelldr. Torris, towers, gg. 42 ; high rocks, 42. In this last sense it is still used in the North, , but Jamieson blunders at it, more suo. ToRTORS, turtles, gk. 612. To-stiffilit, p. p. overthrown, gg. 625. See Brockett, v. stavelUng. To-TACHCHED,p.p. fastened, tied, gk. 579. See Tachez. ToTES, pr. t. peeps, gk. 1476. To-TURNiT, p. *. turned ? gg. 704. fTow, two, TG.35. Towchez, covenants? gk. 1677. TowBN, p.p. fatigued, gk. 1093. TojT, promptly ? gk. 1869, Trace, path, business, j. 442. Trayfoles, knots, devices, aa. xl. 3. Teayfoledb, p.p. ornamented with knots, AA. xl. 3. The MS. D. reads trifekd. From the Fr. treffilier, a chain-maker. Traylez, pr. t. hunt by the track or scent, SK. 1700. Traist, adj. trusty, go. 756, 913. Traist, adv. trustily, faithfully, og. 292, 415, 752. TRAi3T,p. t. pledge faith, gg. 1122. Teayst, p.p. assured, gk. 1211. Traistfully, faithfully, gg. 197. Traistly, trustily, securely, gg. 704, 744. TrAYTERBS, (?) GK. 1700. Thammes, stratagems, gk. 3. Tranes, devices, knots, aa. xl. 3, MS. D. Trantes, pr. <. employs artifices or ^tricks, GK. 1707. See Tovmeley Mysteries, v. TVant, which is left unexplained in the Glossary. Tras, Trase, track of game, aa. v. 11, xlvii. 12, MS. D. Trased, Trasit, p. p. twined, gk. 1739 ; confounded ? gq. 675. Trauayl, fatigue, labor, gk. 2241. Tra- valis, pZ. GG. 898. Trauayled, Traualit, Trauelde, p.p. travelled, gk. 1093 ; fatigued, aa. li. 6. GG. 34. Traunt, trick, gk. 1700. See Trantes. Trauthe,Traweth,Trawthe, troth, faith, fidelity, gk. 403, 626, 1050, 'l545, 1638. Trawe, to beUeve, gk. 70, 94. Trawe, pr. t. 1396. Trawe, imp. trust, 2112. See Trowe. Trejeted, p.p. marked, adorned, gk. 960. Trentallbs, service of thirty masses, aa. xvii. 10. Tressour, head-dress, gk. 1739. Trest, firmly, trustily, gg. 526. Trestes, Trestez, trestles, supports of a table, GK. 884, 1648. Trete, row, array, aa. xxviii. 3. Tretid, p. t. entreated, gg. 1066. Treux, truce, gg. 572. Trew, truce, gg. 1122. Trewloues, Trewluffes, Trulofez, true-love knots, gk. 612. aa. xxviii. 3, xl. 3. Tricherib, treachery, gk. 4. Tryed, p.p. fine, costly, good, gk. 77, 219. Trifeled, see Trayfolede. Triste, appointed station in' hunting, aa. 3h 418 GLOSSARY. iii. 11. Tristis, pi. aa. iii. 8/9. See Ma- lory's Morte d' Arthur, vol. ii. p. 355. Tryster, station in hunting, gk. 1712. Tristoes, Tristres, TrysterbSjP?. gk. 1146,1170. AA. iii. 8, 9, MS. D. Tbtstyly, faithfully, gk. 2348. tTRYUE for Thryue, gc. 315. Trochbt.CO a term of architecture, gk.795. Tropelyte, p. p. ornamented with knots, AA. xxviii. 3. See Traypolede. Trowe, to believe, gk. 2238. Trowe, pr. t. 813. Trowe, imp. go. 129. See Trawb. True, (?) gk. 1210. Trumpes, Trumpbz, trumpets, gk. 116, 1016. Trussen, pr. t. pack up, gk. 1129. Trwe, true, gk. 1091, 1514, 1845. Tewluf, Trweluf, true love, gk. 1527, 1540. TvGhiT, p. p. toiled, fatigued, gg. 34. TuLE, (?) GK. 568. See the next word. Tuly, seems to be equivalent, gk. 858, to Tbatoiwe, 77 ; which place seems then to have been famed for its tapestries. TuLK, man, knight, gk. 3, 638, 2133. TULKES, J32.41. SeeToLKE. TuRATis, turrets, G6.42. fTuRNYGE for TuRNYNGE, tournaying, aa. xl. 5. TuRSSiT, p. t. trussed, packed, gg. 224. TuscHEZ, tusks, GK. 1573, 1579. TWBYNE, TWYNNE, tWO, twaiu, GK. 425, 962, 1339. TwYES, twice, GK. 1522. TwYN, TwYNNB, to scver, part, ok. 2512. GG. 1240. TwYNNEN, p.p. twined, gk. 191. U. V. VcH, VcHE, each, gk. 101, 131, 628, 995. VcH A, each, gk. 742, 997, 1262. VcHON, VcHONB, each one, gk. 98, 657, 1113. fUHBN, when, gc.439, 460. fUHBR, Uhere, where, go. 429, 509. fUHY, why, GC. 429. Vmbb, around, about, gk. 589, 1830, 2034. Vmbe-clipped, Vmbe-clyppbd, p. t. en- circled, embraced, ok. 616. aa. x. 2, MS.D. Vmbe-poldes, pr. t. encircles, falls about, GK. 181. Vmbe-kesten, p. t. surrounded, ok. 1434. Vmbe-lapfez, pr. t. enfolds, ok. 628. Umbb-te3e, p. t. inclosed, gk. 770. Vmbe-toene, about, aroimd? ok. 184. Vmbe-weued, p. t. inclosed, gk. 581. Vmbyclede, p.j). surrounded, aa. x. 2. ViisTRODE, p. t. bestrode, or.K. 81. Vmwylles, want of vrill, refusal, aa. xxxiii. 8, MS. D. Perhaps agayne in this Hue is an error for at. See Vn-thankes. Vnabasit, jp.jj. undaunted, og. 496. Vn-benb, rugged, impassable, gk. 710. See Bene. Vnblythb, mournful, gk. 746. Vncely, mischievous, gk. 1562. Vn-clere, cloudy, dark, aa. x. 2. Vncouth, strange, marvellous, gk. 93, 1808. Vnder, Vndeb, Vndrone, Vndeonne, VNDnRE-NONE, nine o'clock in the fore- noon, aa. vi. 7, xvii. 7. GO. 119. Vn-dyjt, p.p. vmdressed, oc. 453. Vndo, to cut up game; a hunting term, GK. 1327. Vnethe, Vnneth, Vnnethes, scarcely, GK. 134. AA. li. 7. or.K. 467. Vnfane, adj. sorrowful, gg. 795. Vn-paynb, adv. unwillingly, aa. vii. 1. Vnfild, p. p. not blown ? gg. 352. Vnfrende, enemy, go. 1239. Vnhap, misfortune, gk. 438, 2511. Vnhardeled, p. t. dispersed, ok. 1697. From the Fr. hardelle, troupe. See the Maister of the Game, f. 100^ MS. Cott. Vesp. B. xii. I Vnhendely, uncourteously, aa. xv. 5. GLOSSARY. 419 Vnla.ce, to cut up ; a hunting term, gk. 1606. Vnlaissis, pr. t. unfasten, gg. 369. Vnlaissit, p.p. unclothed, 294. Vn-lamyt, p.p. uninjured, bg. 442. Vnlele, disloyal, gg. 1107. Vnleutb, disloyalty, gk. 2499. Vn-louked, p. t. unlocked, gk. 1201. Vnlussum, uncourteous, gg. 95. Vn-mete, immense, gk. 208. Vnqttaet, uneasiness, gg. 675. It is ap- plied to horses, therefore can scarcely be interpreted sadness, with Jamiesou. Vnryde, cruel, severe, gg. 630. Vn-rydbly, ruggedly, gk. 1432. Vnruse, trouble, disquiet, gg. 499. Vnsaught,^. p. troubled, at strife, gg. 456. Vn-slayn, p.p. not slain, gk. 1858. Vn-slyje, careless, gk. 1209. Vnsound, n. trouble, sorrow, gg. 590. Vnsound, adj. sorrowful, gg. 638. Vnsoundyly, mischievously? gk. 1438. See MS. Cott. Nero A. x. f. 59''. Vn-spakbly, unsparingly, gk. 979. Vnspued, p.p. unasked, gk. 918. Vnstonait, p.p. not confounded, gg.642. Vn-thankes, displeasure, adverse of will, aa. xxxiii. 8. Vn-thryuande, uncourteous, gk. 1499. Vntille, unto, aa. liv. 13. Vntyjtbl, merrily ? gk. 1114. Vn-trawthe, unfaithfulness, gk. 2383. Vp-brayde, p.p. drawn up, gk. 781. Vpon, at, gk. 9, 301, 1934. Vrysoun, gk. 608. Since I wrote the note on this term, p. 317, I have met with two original documents, which confirm my conjecture as to the correctness of the term hourson, and its signification. The first is a receipt from Guillaume de Leiry, embroiderer and armourer, for forty-five frans d'or, paid by Charles of Navarre, " pour la fajon d'une cote d'armes, et un hourson tout de velinau vermeil et asur, qu'ilafait de broderie pour le dit seignur, et k ses arroes," dated 8 Oct. 1378 ; and the second is a. warrant from Louis, duke 3 of Orleans, to pay to Colin Pillenr, ar- mourer, the sum of twenty //•ojw d'or, for " un camail d'acier qu'il a baiUe et d^livrfi pour notre bassinet, et pour avoir fait gar- nir notre dit bassinet pardedens de satin, de hourson, et autres estofifes pour garnir notre hemoiz de jambes pardedens de sa- tin," dated 9 July, 1392. The dates of these documents, it will be observed, tend strongly to establish the period at which the EngUsh romance was composed. fU", with, Gc.441. Vtter, out, outward, gk. 1565. Vaylbs, veils, gk. 958. Vailyband, strong, gg. 243 ; valiant, 1286. Vailyeing, of worth, worthy, gg. 328. fVAiLL, to choose, GG. 211. See Wail. VaYHES, (?) GK. 1015. fVAPPiNS, weapons, gg. 820. fVBDis, weeds, armour, gg. 563, 855. tVBiR, war, GG. 549. Vbnbhy, science of hunting, gc. 85. Gr.K. 495. Vengband, avenging, gg. 759. Vbntaile, Ventaill, Ventallb, move- able piece over the mouth, in front of the helmet, aa. xxxii. 5, xlv. 11. gg. 867. See Aventailb. Ventbrous, venturesome, Gr.K. 38, 100. Ver, man, knight, gk. 866. Verament, truly, Gr.K. 32, 83, 437. Verdure, green, gk. I6I. Vbrnage, kind of white wine, aa.xxxvI. 2. See Tyrwhitt's Gloss. Verray, true, gg. I6I, 957. Vbrrys, glasses, AA.xxxvi. 2. Vesiand, viewing, 6G.243. Vbwtbrb, men who tracked the deer by the fewte or odor, gk. 1146. Uyagb, journey, expedition, gk. 535. fViGHT, brave, gg. 325. Vylany, Vylanye, fault, ok. 345, 634. VisT, p. t. saw, GG. 494. Voydb, to quit, gk. 346. Voydez, pr. f. casts, 1342. VoYDED, p. t. got rid of, 1518 ; p.p. void, free, 634. h2 420 GLOSSARY. W. Wa, Waa, n. mischief, sorrow, aa. v. 4. GG. 58. Wa, adj. sorrowful, gg. 1185. Wade, to pass, penetrate, gg. 568. Wage, surety ? gk. 533. Wayembttedb, p. t. lamented, aa. ix. 3. See Watmbnt. Waip, to wave, be agitated, gg. 440. Wayke, weak, gk. 282. Wail, choice, gg. 982. Wail, Wale, to seek, gk. 398 ; choose or possess, 1238. aa. xxvii. 3. gg. 1096; select, GG. 361, 784. Walit, p. t. chose, 7, 549. Waled, Wailit, p. p. chosen, GK.1276. G6.587. Waill, abundance? gg. 223, 1339. See Wale. Wayment,^. t. lamented, aa. ix. 3, MS. D. Jamieson erroneously takes the word for a noun. See Roquefort, v. Wmmeataimts, Waymynges, lamentations, aa. vii. 9, MS. D. t Wayne for Vayne, go. 128. Wayned, p. t. and p. p. sent? gk. 264, 984, 1032, 2456, 2459. See other in- stances of this word in MS. Cott. Nero A. X. flF. 79'', 80^ 89''. Waynes, pr. t. strikes, aa. xlii. 2, xlviii. 3. Waynez, pr. t. raises, gk. 1743. Wayned, p. t. raised, aa. xxxii. 5, MS. D. Waytez, Wayttis, pr. t. watches, looks, gk. 1186, 2289. aa. xlviii. 3. Waytbd, p. t. looked, GK. 2163. Wayth, Wathb, game, venison, gk. 1381, hunting, aa. xxxiv. 5. Waytjed, p. t. stroked, moved, gk. 306. Waked, p. t. kept awake, sat up at night, GK. 1094. Wakkest, weakest, gk. 354. Wakned, 2). f. awakened, gk. 119; lighted, 1650. Wald, n. plain, gk. 587. Wald, to wield, GG. 7 ; enjoy, possess, 450. Walt, p. t. gk. 231, 485. Wale, Walle, adj. choice, good, excellent, GK. 1010, 1403, 1712, 1759. Walkez, pr. t. spreads, gk. 1521. Wallandb, boiling, fervent, gk. 1762. Walour, valour, gk. 1518. Walt, p. t. threw, cast, gk. 1336. Waltbred, p. t. rolled, gk. 684. See Wblterand. Wan, ^. /. came, gk. 2231 ; won, gained, GG. 70. Wande, bough, tree ? gk. II6I. Wandreth, sorrow, aa. xvii. 8. gg. 700, 1199. Wane, n. mansion, habitation, hall, aa. xiii. 3, XXV. 4. gg. 211, 237, 494, 781, 1339. Wane, adj. wanting, deficient, gk. 493. Wanyt,p. t. diminished, gg. 1208. Want, pr. t. fail, Gr.K. 203. Wap, blow, GK. 2249. Wapped, p. t. flew with violence, as an ar- row, GK. 1161 ; rushed, as the wind, 2004. Wapvit, p.p. thrown open quickly, GG. 127.. War ! exclamation of the hunters, gk. 1158. Mr. Guest explains it, erroneously, as I judge, by fear, Hist. E. R. ii. 169. See the Towneley Mysteries, pp. 36, 41. Thus also in the Maister of the Game, in the instructions for hunting the hare, the horsemen are directed " for to kepe that none hownde folowe to sheepe ne to other beestis, and if thei do, to ascrie hem sore, and bilaisshe hem wel, seying lowde. Ware! Ware! ha, ha! Ware!" MS. Cott.Vesp.B.xii. f. 97''. War, worse, gg. 1033. War, Ware, aware, gk. 764, 1586 ; wary, Gc. 603. Ware, to use, employ, gk. 402, 1235. Wa- RET, p.p. acted, 2344. Wary, Warry, to curse, aa. xxxiii. 7. MS. D. GG. 1082. Waried, p. t. aa. ix. 3, MS. D. Warys, to protect, defend, gg. 1006. Waryst, p.y. GK. 1094. See Were. GLOSSARY. 421 Wahly, warily, bk. 1186, 1900. Warliest, strongest, gg. 493. Jamieson misunderstands the word. Warlokeb, more warily, gk. 677. Warne, to forbid, prevent, gg, 253. c. 93. See Werne. Warp, to cast, gk. 2253. Warp, p. t. cast, uttered, gk. 224, 1423,2025. Warthe, water-ford, gk. 715. See Grose's Glossary, in v. Wasch, to consume ? gk. 2401. Wast, waist, gk. 144. Waste, wilderness, gk. 2098. Wastell, fine bread, gg. 223. Wathe, injury, danger, gk. 2355. Wathelt, severely, mortally, aa. xxiv. 4, liv. 3. Pinkerton misprints the word woyeley (for wothely) which gives occasion to Jamieson to trifle as usual. Watj, was, GK. passim'. Used for had, as in German, 1413. Waunden, jj.^. wound, bound, gk. 215. Wax, ^. t. waxed, AA.xliii. 12. We ! Ah ! gk. 2185. We-loo, alas ! gk. 2208. Wede, armour, clothing, part of the dress, GK. 831, 1310, 2358. Wbdbs, Wedez, Wedis, Wedys, pi. armour, garments, 151, 271, 861. AA. i. 9, ii. 9. gg. 759; foliage of the groves, gk. 508. Wede, adj. mad, aa. xliii. 12. Wbdtrs, pi. bad weather, aa. xxvi. 3. Cf. Towneley Myst. p. 98. Wees, knights, aa. liv. 3, MS. D. See Wy. Weild, Welde, Welden, to possess, en- joy, gk. 835, 837, 1064. aa. xxvii. 3, xxxiii. 8 ; rule, gg. 1188 ; sustain, j. 163. Weildis, Weldez, pr. t. possesses, gk. 1528, 2454. gg. 781 ; rules, 174. Weild, pr. t. rule, 151. Weild, Weildit, p. t. possessed, had, gg. 37, 941. Weir, doubt, gg. 469, 569. Weir, Were, war, hostility, combat, gk. 271; 1628. AA. xxxix. 8. gg. 57, 162, 1137,1198,1260. Welawyllb, exceeding wild, rugged, dan- gerous, GK. 2084. Wbla WYNNE, Well joyous, GK. 518. The adv. welawynneVy occurs in the same MS. Nero A. x. f. 681'. Wble, wealth, riches, gk. 7, 60, 1270, 1394. GG. 73 ; joy, GK. 485, 1371, 1767, 2490 ; good fortune, 997, 2134. Welkyn, air, sky, gk. 525, I696. Welle, grassy plain, sward, aa. iii. 2. Welle, to boil, aa. xxv. 4. Welling, boiling, tg. 239- f Wellony, villainy, go. 194. Welnej, Welne3B, almost, gk. 7, 867. Welter AND, rolling, gg. 469. Welteres, pr. t. rolls, gg. 290. See Wal- tered. Wembles, unhurt, gg. 99. Jamieson is mistaken in rendering it hlameless. Wen, Wene, doubt, gg. 35, 98, 282. Wend, Wende, to go, gk. 559, 1028, 1053. GG. 57, 99. GC. 515. c. 374. Wendis, pr. t. GG. 287. Wendis, imp. 114. Wende, p. t. gk. 900, II6I. c. 332. Went, Wentb, p. p. gone, gk. 1712. aa. i. 9,xxxiv. 5, MS.D. gg. 1132. Wendez, pr. t. turns, gk. 2152. Wene, pr. t. ween, think, gk. 270, 1226. Wenys, aa. xliv. 2. Wend, Wende, Went, /).<. GK. 669, 1711. aa.1. 2. gg. 12fiO. Wener, fairer, gk. 945. See the Gloss, to Molbech's edit, of the old Danish transla- tion of the first eight books of the Old Testament, 8vo. 1828, v. Worn. Wenged, ^. t. avenged, gk. 1518. Wbpand, weeping, gg. 973. Wer, worse, gg. 1015. See War. Werbelande, whistling ? gk. 2004. Werd, fate, gg. 1082. See Wyedb. Werdez, pr. t. are, gk. 1542. Were, had, gk. 244. Were, p. t. wore, gk. 1928. Were, to defend, guard, gk. 2015, 2041. GG. 58, 1188. Were, to make war, gg. 287. 422 GLOSSARY. Wbry, pr. t. worry, aa. v. 4. Wbryit, p. t. cursed, aa. ix. 3. See Wary. Wbrn, to forbid, gc. 138, 477. Wernes, pr. ;. denies, 6K. 1824. Werned, /). p. 1494. See Warne. Wernynqe, denial, gk. 2253. Werre, war, gk. 16. Wbrrez, pi. 720. Wbrryouris, warriors, 66. 7. Wesaund, wind-pipe, gk. 1336. Wesche, p. t. washed, gk. 887. Wet, p. t. pierced ? gg. 759. Wete, adj. (?) AA. vii. 9. Wete, Wetene, Wette, to know, wit, aa. viii. 11, xvi. 2, xix. 3, MS. D. gc. 379. See Wiete, Wit. Weterly, eagerly? fiercely? gk. 1706. Weting, knowledge, aa. xix. 4, MS. D. Weuch, woe, mischief, gg. 700. Weue, to give, GK. 1975. Weued, p.f. 2359. Wbx, p. t. waxed, gk. 319. See Wax. Wejed, p. t. carried, gk. 1403. Wejtht, wight, GC.375. Wharrbd, p. t. made a whirring noise, gk. 2203. What, how? 6k. 1163, 2203. What so, whatsoever, 6k. 384, 1550. Wheder warde, whitherward, gk. 1053. Whene, queen, gk. 74, 2492. Whethen, Whythene, whence, gk. 871. AA. xxviii. 12. In the second instance the scribe of the MS. D. has incorrectly writ- ten whelene, on which Jamieson wastes a weak conjecture. Whether, either of two, gk. 203. Weight, active, go. 563. See Wight. Whyrlande, rushing, gk, 2222. Whyssynes, cushions, gk. 877. Whos, whoso, GC. 256, 268. Wy, Wyghe, Wy^, Wy3b, man, knight, gk. 131, 249, 384, 581, 1487. aa. xxix. 1, xxxii. 2. GG. 57, 287. Applied to God, GK. 2441 . Wyes, Wyis, Wyjbs, Wyjbz, pZ. GK. 1403, 1167. AA.xxvi.9. GG.151. WicH, what, GK. 918. Wioht, brave, active, gg, 1248. WicHTELY, actively, gg. 579. Wiete, to know, aa. xix. 3, 12. See Wete, Wit. Wight, Wightb, Wyght, Wyghte, Wygjt, brave, strong, active, aa. xliv. 1, 1. 2,lii. 11. GG. 198, 656. go. 53. J. 287. tg. 20. 0. 432. See WijT. Wightelye, Wightilyb, Wyghtelye, actively, j. 144, 146. Gr.K. 200. Wyghtenes, bravery, courage, aa. xxi. 4. Wyghtis, gen. c. person's, aa. ii. 9. Wykis, comers of the mouth, 6k. 1572. Wylde, used substantively for beasts of the chace in general, 6k. 1150, 2003 ; and in the singular number, 1167, 1586, 1900, the words deer, boar, fox, being respectively understood. Wyle, Wyly, wily, gk. 1728. Used sub- stantively, 1905. WiLELB, warily, aa. xlv. 3. Wilfully, willingly, aa. xlix. 1. Wylyde, wild, amorous, gk. 2367. Wylnyng, will, gk. 1546. WiLSOMB, Wylsum, pleasant, fair, gk. 689. GC. 532. Wyi.t, p. p. escaped, gk. 1711. Win away, to depart from, gg. 1046. Wynd, wind, gg. 770. Jamieson sadly mis- interprets this line, owing to Pinkerton having printed and for ad, which latter in the edit. 1508 is a misprint for as. Wyndez, pr. t. returns, gk. 530. Wynne, n. joy, gk. 15, 1765, 2420, MS. D. GC 448. Wynne, adj. goodly, gk. 1032, 2430, 2456. Wynne, to come, arrive at, 6k. 402, 1537, 2215. Wynnez, pr. t. proceeds, goes, 1569, 2044. Wynne-lych, cheerful, 6k. 980. Wynt-hole, wind-hole ? gk. 1336. Wyppbd, p. t. struck, gk. 2249. See Wap. Wyrde, fate, GK. 1752, 2134,2418. Wyrdbs, pi. 1968. See Wehd, WiRKAND, making, gg. 701. Wyssb, to teach, direct, GK.S49. Wise, Wyssb, pr. t. 739. gg. 820, 1033. GLOSSARY. 423 Wyste, Wysten.p. t. knew, gk.461, 1087, 1435. Wysty, (?) 6K. 2189. Wit, with, gk. 113. Wyt innb, within, 1435. Wit, (?) GG. 1137. Wit, Wyt, to know, learn, gk. 131, 255, 1508. Wytez, pr. t. looks on, gk. 2050. With, Wyth, by, gk. 664, 1153, 1229, 2416. With thi, on condition that, aa. lii. 10. Wytis, pr. t. goes, departs, aa. xvii. 7. WiTLES, WiTLESE, deprived of reason, gg. 573, 972, 1014. Wytterly, certainly, go. 312. Wyjcrest, (?) gk. 1591. WijT, n. wight, person, gk. W13T, Wyjt, Wyjtht, brisk, active, brave, GK.H9,1762. Gc.15,24,260. SeeWiGHT. Wyjtest, bravest, gk. 261. Wyjtly, quickly, gk. 688. Wlonk, fair, beautiful, gk. 515, 581, 1977, 1988,2432. Wlonkest, fairest, gk. 2025. aa. i. 9, xxvii. 9, liv. 7, MS. D. , Jamieson explains it falsely by gaudily dressed and rich. Wnmanglit, p. p. unmangled, gg. 720. Won, WoDE, WouD, mad with anger, gk. 2289. AA. xlii. 2. gg. 573, 972, 1014. Wod-weaith, 770. WoD, p. t. went, gk. 787- Wod-ceaftez, pi. skill in the arts of the chace, gk. I60S. WoD-LYND, foliage of the wood, forest, gg. 123. WoDwos, pi. wild men, monsters, gk. 721. Woke, p. t. watched, sate up at night, gk. 102j. Woi,DE,tohavepowerover,AA.lii.3. MS.D. reads at wolde, in which case it is a sub- stantive. fWoLED, would, gk. 1508. WoMBE, belly, gk. 144. Won, Wone, power or will, gk. 1238. gg. 37. Won, Wone, dwelling, mansion, chamber, GK. 257, 736, 906, 2490. Wonez, Wo- NUS, pi. 685. 1051, 1386, 2400. go. 520, 532. Often used for the singular. Won, Wone, to dwell, gk. 257, 814. Wo- nez, WoNYES, pr. t. 399, 2098. Wonde, W0NED,iJ.^ 50,701,721. WONYD,/!.;). 2114. WoNDE, to avoid, shrink back, gk. 563. Wonde, pr. t. avoid, omit, 488. Wonder, n. marvel? gk. 16. Wonder, Wondere, Wondir, Wndie, WOTJNDEE, WOUNDIR, WuNDlR, adv. wondrous, gk. 2200. gg. 35, 86, 353, 930, 1002,1104. GO. 34. The second of these instances is printed wound, by mistake, in the edit, of 1508 : on which see Jamieson's nugce. WONDERLY, WONDIRLY, WOndrOUsly, GK. 787, 1025. GG. 162. t Wone, one, 6c. 89, 297. Wone, estimation? gk.1269; plenty, j.495. WoNYNG, Wonnynge, dwelling, aa.xxv.4. Wonnen,^.*. conducted, brought, gk. 831. WoNEN, WoNNEN, p. p. arrived, come, GK. 461, 1365 ; brought, 2091. Wont, use, custom, gk. 17 ; lack, want, 131. Wont, Wontez, pr. t. fail, fails, gk. 987, 1062. WoEDE, fame, reputation, gk. 1521. WoELDE, Nature, gk. 530. WoEMEZ, dragons, serpents, gk. 720. WoRRE, worse, gk. 1588, 1591. Wort, herb, gk. 518. Worth, to be, happen, gk. 238, 1202, 1214, 1302. GG. 1096. WOETHEZ, WOETHIS, pr. t. is, becomes, will or shall be, gk. 2035, 1106, 1387. GG. 332, 833, 1239. Worth, WoETHB,Stt6;. be, GK. 2127, 2374. Worthed, Wourthit,;9. t. was, became, 485. GG. 973, 1054 ; would be, gk. 2096. Worthed, p.p. become, 678. Woethe, worthy, gk. 559. Worthy is used substantively, 1276, 1508. Worthely, Worthily, Woethilych, Woejbly, adj. worthy, honorable, gk. 424 GLOSSARY. 343. AA. xxviii. 10, xxxv. 11, MS. D., xxxviii. 6, xlviii. 3. Worthy, adv. worthily, gk. 1477. WoRTHYLT.honorably, properly, GK.72,144. WoHTHiLiESTE, Worthiest, aa. xxix. 1. Wot, Wostb, pr. t. know, knowest, gk. 24. AA. XX. 1. WoTHE, harm, injury, mischief, gk. 222, 488, 1576. Wough, Wugh, harm, mischief, gg. 1067, 1199. SeeWojE. WouRDis, pr. t. becomes, will become, qq. 822. See Worth. WouT, countenance, gg. 1278. WowcHE SAF, |)r. t. vouchsafe, gk. 1391. WowES, walls, GK. 1180. WoxES,yr. ^grows.waxes, 6K.518. Wox, p. t. waxed, gg. 795, 1185. See Wax, Wex. WojB, wrong, harm, gk. 1550. WojE, wall, GK. 858. Wojez, pi. 1650. Wraighly, evilly, gg. 162. Jamieson in- terprets it strangely or awkwardly. Wraith, wrath, gg. 973. Wraithly, wrathly, gg. 298, 563, 1014. Cf. Raithly. Wrake, destraction, mischief, gk. 16. aa. xvii. 8. Wrast, adj. loud, stem, gk. 1423. Wrast, (?) gk. 1663. See Tovmehy My- steries, p. 178. Wrast, p.^. disposed, gk. 1482. Wrathed, p.p. ensnared ? gk. 2420. Wreke, revenge, j.424. Wrejande, reviling, gk. 1706. See Grose, V. Wree. Wrightis, carpenters, go. 469. Wro, obscure corner, gk. 2222. Wroth, Wrothe, angry, violent, gk. 70, 319. 525, 1706. Wroth, p. t. moved round, gk. 1200. Wrothely, angrily, ok. 2289. Wrotheloker, more angrily, gk. 2344. t Wrought for Raught, reached, akc. 202. Wrojt, WR03TEN, J).*, occasioned, GK.3,22. Wrucked, p.p. throvra up, akc. 187. Wruxled, ^.|j. clad, folded? gk. 2191. Wcgh, see Wough. WuNDiE, see Wonder. Y. Yard, staff, akc. 246. Yarb, adj. ready, tg. 101. c. 114. Yare, jare, adv. quickly, soon, gk. 2410. Gr.K. 318 ; ere, previously, tg. 126, 137. Yarnyng, desire, gg. 426. Yeftys, gifts, GO. 643. Yeid, p. f. went, gg. 228, 1116. Yblde, p. t. requite, Gc. 527, 529. Ybne, see Eghne. Yhit, yet, gg. 95. Yhude, Yude, p. t. went, gg. 304, 577. Ynd, India, Gr.K. 281. YoDE, p. t. went, j. 87. tg. 77. Yoi.i)iN, p.p. yielded, gg. 1126. Yrne, iron, gk. 2267. Yrnes, harness, armour, ok. 729. YuDE, see Yhude. YjE, eye, GK. 198. go. 324. Yjen, pZ. gk. 82, 304, 684. 3- 3AYNED, p.p. hallooed, gk. 1724. tjAMEDE, apparentlyan errorfor ^amerede, p. t. cried, aa. vii. 9. 3AMERS, pr. t. cries, aa. vii. 9, MS. D. jAMYRLY, lamentably, aa. vii. 8. 3ARANDE, JARRANDE, lOud, Snarling, OK. 1595, 1724. JARE, see Yarb. jARKKBZ, pr. t. makes ready, disposes, gk. 2410. 3ARKED, p.p. made ready, 820. jAULAND, yelling, aa. vii. 8, MS. D. 3AULE, jAULES, pr. t. howl, yells, gk. 1453. AA. vii. 9, MS. D. 3E,yea,GK.813, 1091,1497; still, ever, 1729. JEDE, 3EDBN,/).#. Went, GK. 817, 1122, 1400, 1684. jBDERLY, promptly, soon, gk. 453, 1215, 1485,2325. GLOSSARY. 425 jEFE, 3EyFE, if, oc. 198, 388. jELDE, pLDBZ, pr. t. yield, requite, yields, pays, GK. 498, 1038, 1215, 1263. ^elde, jELDEN, p. t. yielded, gave, 67, 1595, 1981. pLLE, pr. t. yell, gk. 1453. jelpvng, pomp, ostentation, gk, 492. 3EP, jEPE, active, alert, gk. 60, 105, 284, 1510; fair? 951. jEPLY, promptly, gk. 1981, 2244. 3EB, year, gk. 60, et alib. 3ERN, 3EHNE, quickly, GK. 498 ; earnestly, eagerly, 1478, 1526. aa. xlviii. 3. 3BRNES, 3iRNBZ,pr. t. passes ? GK. 498, 529. JET, 3ETTE, yet, GK. 776, 1122. 3E3E,pr. t. ask, gk. 1215. 3E3EO, p. t. asked, 67. 31F, if, GK. 1494, 1496. 31RNEZ, see 3BRNES. 30D, p. i. went, GK. 1146. 30L, Christmas, gk. 284, 500. 30LDBN, p.t. yielded, gk. 453, 820. See 3BLDE. 30LLANDE, hovrling, yelling, aa. vii. 8. 30L3E, yellow, tawny, gk. 951. 30MERAND, moaning, whining, aa. vii. 8, MS.D. 30MEHLY, lamentably, piteously, gk. 1453. 30NGE, younger one, gk. 951. 30NGE-3EH, youth, GK. 492. 30NKE, young person, ok. 1526. 30RE, long time, gk. 2114. tsowE, your, gk. 1092. 3 t CORRECTIONS AND ADDITIONS. p. 7, 1. ion, for mread ftif. P. 12, 1. 251, /or for-rad read for rad. P. 12, 1. 256, insert a comma after Nay. P. 15, 1. 343, dele the comma after worfilych, and insert it after je. P. 15, 1. 353, for the semicolon substitute a full stop, and 1. 357, for the comma place a semicolon. P. 17, 1. 395, for ]>° read f". P. 17, 1. 417, insert a comma at the end of the line, and in the next line after hede. P. 21, 1. 535, for amo^ read anio^. P. 22, 1. 561, for the comma place a full stop. P. 22, 1. 563, a note of interrogation would be better after wonde. P. 23, 1. 591. for ou° {sic in MS.) read ou))»- P. 27, 1. 700, insert a comma after Holy-hede, and dele it after bonk. P. 29, 1. 763, insert commas after felf and fegge. P. 32, 1. 850, for chefly read chefly. P. 33, 1. 859, insert commas after fete and flet. P. 33, 1. 86% for hem in the MS. perhaps we should read hym. P. 34, 1. 88% for be-fete read he fete. P. 34, 1. 893, for ayfawes read ay fawes, and for flejej (sic MS.) read fieje. P. 38, 1. 1018, for gaueture reac? paueture. P. 44, 1. 1174, dele the comma after abloy. P. 48, 1. 1 264-5-6, ybr the comma substitute a semicolon after nobele, and in the next line a comma instead of the semicolon, after dedej, and in the third a semicolon for the comma, after nyfen. 3 I 2 428 CORRECTIONS AND ADDITIONS. P. 50, 1. 1337, /or fcharp read fcharp. P. 52, 1. 1 378, /or fchyrer (sic MS.) we ihould read fchyre, and grete is an error of the press for grece. Of. 11. 425, 2313. P. 52, 1. 14'02,/or e read f e. P. 54, 1. 1442, supply the defect in the MS. hy And euere. P. 54, 1. 1443-4, the hiatus may be restored with certainty. For pre at awrffped hym. I am indebted for this suggestion to the Rev. R. Garnett. P. 55, 1. 1466,/w rouej read ronej. P. 56, 1. 1513, /or leUayk read lei layk. P. 58, 1. 1365, for maden read made. P. 59, 1. 1572, dele the conjectural reading, as unnecessary. P. 59, 1. 1580, in this line and seems wanting after wat}. P. 60, 1. 1623, a verb is apparently wanting after lorde. P. 66, 1. 1794,/or kyffe read kyffe. P. 67, 1. 1815, so reads the MS., but the sense would seem to require nade or nojt. P. 72, 1. 1940, insert a comma after je. P. 75, 1. 2035, dele the comma after filke. P. 76, 1. 2059, /or Hrrnd if. P. 77, 1. 2083, />r fchowned rearf fchowued. P. 77, 1. 2162, dele the conjectural reading. In the ancient manuscript romances of the Round Table the name of Hector des Mares, (as printed in Malory,) the natural son of king Ban, is always written Hestor. P. 82, 1. 2^W,for a wharf read a- wharf. P. 84, 1. 2293, /or fton read fton. P. 85, 1. 2308, for refcowe recul refcowe. P. 85, 1. 2321, dele the comma after worlde. P. 86, 1. 2335, /or demely read deruely. P. 86, 1. 2344, dek the comma after haf. P. 88, 1. 2392, /or niread of. P. 89, 1. 2420, substitute a semicolon for the comma after wyles. P. 90, 11. 2446, 1^5% perhaps Morgne should be printed Morgue, as in the French romances. P. 90, 1. 2447, dele the comma after clergye. P. 90, 1. 2i6l, for gomen, (^sic MS.) we should probed>ly read gome. P. 97, iv. 2. The lines have been, by mistake of the printer, numbered erroneously from this place, and the stanzas are therefore always referred to in the Glossary. The total number of lines in the poem is 716. CORRECTIONS AND ADDITIONS, 429 P. 97, iv. 5, for forfothle read forfothte, which is, apparently, an error for forfothe. P. 99, vii. Q,for efte we should no dovht read lowefte. P. 100, ix. 5, for ftottyde read ftottyde. P. 110, XXV. 9, for medecyes read medecynes. P. Ill, xxvi. 9, ])aire is evidently a mistake of the scribe for J>ai. P. 112, xxix. Q, perhaps The is here superfluous. P. lis, xxxiii. 1, 2, transpose the points at the conclusion of these two lines. P. 123, xlviii. 1,/or clenly MS. D. reads kenely. P. 127, Iv. 6, Yglande, sic MS. for Ynglande. P. 131. This Romance is reprinted from the re-impression made at Edinburgh, 4to, 1827, but it was not observed, till too late, that most of the mere errors of the press in the old edition of 1508 were there corrected. The emendations therefore now made are such as escaped the no- tice of the recent editor, or were neglected by him. P. 137, 1. 166, for And we should, no doubt, read In. P. J38, 1. 191, the edition of 1508 reads consing, not cousing. P. 141, 1. 261, for ye read ])e. P. 143, 1. 300, for mynde (««c edit.) we should read myude. P. 161, 1. 779, for fen fpeir the editor of 1827 conjectures fen ye fpeir, but I think my own emendation more correct. P. 174, 1. 1118,/or fcheth read fcheith; the edit. 1508 has fchelth. P. 178, 1. 1227, for led we should perhaps read ledis. P. 180, 1. 1271,/or lufTum read luffum. P. 181, 1. 1299, for That the sense seems to require And. P. 181, 1. 1300, the edit. 1508 has wounyn, not wounen, and in the next line for- lonne, not fortonne. P. 182, 1. 1332, /or be hald read behald. P. 182, 1. 1334, the edit. 1508 has doufTipere, which wa^s altered injudiciously in edit, 1827. P. 187, 1. 9,f