INSK Dli I dAURlTZSON AND OLSON GOLLEGc AND HIGH SCHOOL SERIES OF SWEDISH AUTHORS AUGUSTANA BOOK CONCERN pr CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY GIFT OF Professor John M. Echols DATE DUE im» yssuMMf f^^^ ^^FM GAYLORD PPrNTED IN U S A CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY 3 1924 082 664 362 Cornell University Library The original of tliis book is in tlie Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924082664362 College and High School Series of Swedish Authors AUGUSTANA BOOK CONCERN SVENSK DIKTNING SELECTIONS FROM SWEDISH POETS WITH BRIEF MONOGRAPHIES BY JULES MAURITZSON NOTES AND VOCABULARY ERNST W. OLSON VOL. I DALIN— STAGNELIUS AUGUSTANA BOOK C0N6eEN, ROCK ISLAND, ILLINOIS. <•' ^ Copyright, 1917, BY Abgustana Book Concekn. PHESB OF AUGUSTANA BOOK CONCERN, ROCK ISLAND, ILL. SVENSK DIKTNING. OLOV VON DALIN foddes 1708 i Halland, dar fadern var prast. Efter nagra ars vistelse vid universitetet i Lund, dar han sarskilt stod under inflytande av den bekante filosofen Andreas Ryde- lius, erholl han en informatorsplats i ett fornamt hus i Stockholm. Hans vistelse i Stockholm, som ursprungligen var amnad att vara blott tillfallig, kom att racka for livet. Han infordes snart i huvudstadtns fornamsta kretsar. Sedan han blivit kand som forfattare till Argus, vann han hastig befordran och utnamndes till kunglig bibliotekarie. Drottning Lovisa Ulrika, som alskade att omgiva sig med vad Sverge agde ypperst bland konstens och vetenskapens idkare, f aste snart ocksa den unge Dalin vid sitt hov. Han blev larare for kronprins Gustav, adlades, blev kanslirad, sekreterare i den nystiftade vitterhetsakademien och riks- historiograf. Genom sina intima forbindelser med ko- nungaparet invecklades han i politiska stamplingar, som adrogo honom en forvisningsdom fran hovet. Under de trenne narmast foljande aren vistades han hos vanner i landsorten, belt upptagen av sitt historieverk. Senare ater- vande han till sina ambetsgoromal i Stockholm, och sedan domen over honom upphavts, drogs han ater in i det tids- och kraftodande^ hovlivet. Han avled ogift ar 1763. Dalins fornamsta litterara verk ar utan gensagelse den populara veckotidskriften "Then Swdnska Argus", som utkom under aren 1733 — 1734 och i vilken han med skam- tets och satirens pisksnart gisslade tidens darskaper. Utom 4 OLOV VON DALIN sasom dramatisk och episk forfattare har Dalin darjamte gjort sig kand som ypperlig visdiktare. — Hans "Svea rikes^ historia" ar synnerligen fortjanstfull pa grund av sin vetenskapliga grundlighet, kritiska skarpa och populara framstallning. Det har om densamma sagts, att Dalin "flyttade historien fran vaggarnas bokhyllor ned i svenskar- nas hjartan". Dalin ar ingalunda en av Sverges allra storsta skalder, och dock kan hans betydelse for den svenska litteraturen knappast overskattas. Han ar den nysvenska prosans grundldggare och mdstare, sa att man fran och med Argus raknar^ en ny epok i svenska sprakets historia. Han ar darjamte den, som inleder upplysningstidevarvet i svensk litteratur, och den, som leder tidens europeiska kultur- strommar till Sverge, samtidigt med att han ger dem en fullt nationell prdgel. * Tids- och kraftodande, cf. the expression, "time and labor saving," or, "smoke- and gas-emitting sliells" (Lit. Digest). — ^ Svea nice, old form, changed and contracted into Sverige, Sverge, but still used in poetic and dignified prose style. According to Adolf Noreen the name Sverige means "realm of the men \^■ho are their own masters, i. e., free men.*' — ^ from Argus dates, or, Argus marks the beginning of (a new epoch). OLOV VON DALTN VARVISA. Bort med hoga ting! Lat man varldens ring over vart begrepp sig vandal Ack, du vackra var, som nu rada far 5 och pa vintern gor en anda! Gumma, drang och piga, oxe, ko och kviga, kalv och lamm i gladje hoppa; tuppen med sin fru lO har forgatit nu att han en gang skall bli soppa. Se, hur stuten gar " och med hornen slar! Geten krummar sig for bocken ; 1 5 tackan, yr och vill, uppfylld av april, roar all den ludna flocken. Men, min Marjo lilla, oxen bolar ilia; 20 mann' man fodret honom nekar? Tank, om det vor' allt och var boskap svalt! Tro mig, det \)lev andra lekar! Dock, min Marjo, kom ! 2 % Basta egendom ar du mig i nod och noje. Har jag dig och brod, femton kalvars dod vill jag da se an med loje; 30 femti hons och flera. OLOV VON DALIN tretti gass och mera skulle jag for dig ej akta; sjalva katten vet, med vad karlighet 35 mina ogon dig uppvakta. TILL EN FAGEL. Du lilla fagel, hor! om du ej sinnet an lO Sag, vad ar det, som ror har fast vid nagon van, din glada tunga? , som gor dig plaga? Ar du ditt Stockhrtlm kvitt ? Far du pa landet ft-itt 5 Du lamnar mig ej svar; om frihet sjunga? ■. att ingen sorg du har, det kan jag doma. 15 Men kanske, tacka djur, Ack, om jag glad som du du aldrig var i bur; fick alltid liksom nu ty vill jag f raga, all varlden glomma ! Ur herdekvade. En Celadon gav frojderop, da han med sin herdinna fann pa ett skrin uti en grop : "Nu skall du bli grevinna! Och jag sa stor och maktig man, 5 att ingen sjal tor knysta! Minsann, det gar ej langre an att krypa i det tysta. "Till nasta riksdag later jag mitt skoldemarke svava, 10 da skall jag gora dunderslag, att hus och berg sku' bava. OLOV VON DALIN Farval, min hjord och tysta fait, I trad och gamla stubbar, farval, mitt bo och usla talt, 1 5 gemena tomtegubbar! "Jag ar ej mer er Celadon, nej, annat man I veta; bans nad, herr Celadondrion, vill jag harefter beta. 20 Min nymf, vad sager du darom? Du plar mig vara trogen, kom, Melicerta, kara, kom, nu ar var lycka mogen." "Ack, Celadon, vem skulle trott", 25 sad' nymfen Melicerta, "sa mycket buller skulle bott i ett sa stilla hjarta! Betank vart lugn och saMa bo, gack i dig sjalv tillbaka. 30 Monarker sucka for var ro, men fa den sallan smaka. "Du raknar visst for ingenting att fri och alskad vara, hor alia lunder runt omkring 35 pa vara toner svara. Ej skakar onad vara tran och grumlar vara brunnar, for oss ej bojas falska knJin, ej heller smickermunnar. 40 "I vart palats man slipper fram for kjortlar och drabanter; vi bora skrik av vara lamm men ej av supplikanter. For hoga miner, skarpa ord, 45 sta vi ej stads pa nalar. OLOV VON DALIN Vi dranka alia tungors mord i vira nektarskalar." "Ack, Melicerta, tig! Jag dor, dar intet hogre vankar. 50 En sjal i stoft mig omkan gor med sa gemena tankar. Nej, hit med din beredda katt, han sk'all dukater hysa! Har upp, mitt skrin, med all din skatt, 55 jag vill i heder lysa!" Var Celadon slog locket opp, det gick forutan dyrkar. Men, ack, vad bley var herdes hopp? Hann fann dar fyra fyrkar. 60 "Jag ser", sad' han, "att bladet vjinds ; min nymf, jag har gjort ilia. Farval, ers nad och excellens! Goddag, min herde lilla!" HEDVIG CHARLOTTA NORDEN- FLYCHT. Det fortjanar att ihagkommas, att den forsta forfatiare i Sverge, som betraktat diktning icke sasom en lek pa fri- timmar eller goromal pa lediga stunder utan sasom ett kail, var en kvinna. Och hennes fasta tro pa delta kail med dess allvarsfyllda ansvar lat Hedvig Charlotta Norden- flycht utan tvekan slita manga av de band, som pa sjutton- hundratalet^ hollo hennes kon fanget,^ och upptrada for kvinnans andliga frihet och jamnstalldhet med mannen. Men i litterart hanseende^ viktigare an denna hennes in- sats i den svenska kvinnans frigotelsekamp var den tillit, skaldekallet gav henne, till ratten att lata sitt eget kanslo- liv yppas for andra for att bringa deras hjartan till att sla i takt med hennes. Fru Nordenflycht ar den poetiska sub- jektivitetens forsta foretradare i Sverge, den forsta som for allmanheten blottar det innersta och djupaste i sitt eget liv. Hon ar "den svenska individuella lyrikens stam- moder". Hon foddes 1718 i Stockholm, yngsta barnet till kamre- raren i kammarkollegium Anders Nordenflycht. Redan i tidiga ar lade hon i dagen* en obetvinglig vetgirighet, som lockade henne att aven i smyg skaffa sig tillf alien att till- fredsstalia sin laslust. Rad och anvisningar i litterara och filosofiska fragor erholl den unga flickan av en ingenjor Johan Tideman, som vistades i hennes foraldrars hus. For faderns pa dodsbadden uttalade onskan, att Tideman och dottern skulle forenas for livet, gav den sextonariga flickan slutligen efter, ehuru hon sjalv bekande, att "sa kar Tide- man var henne att hora som filosof, sa odraglig var han att se som fastman". Efter tre ar brots forlovningen ge- 10 HEDVIG CHAELOTTA NOEDENFLYCHT nom Tidemans dod. Foljande ar trolovade hon sig med pastor Jakob Fabricius, sjalv kand som en talangfull skrift- stallare. Av atskilliga anledningar maste giftermalet upp- skjutas i fyra ar, och nar det antligen, 1741, kommit till stand," blev hennes lycka av kort varaktighet. Efter en- dast sju manaders aktenskap avled hennes make. Lika svarmisk och overspand, som hennes karlek till honom varit, lika granslos vart hennes sorg. Och "sorgens gava" var det, som nu gjorde henne till skaldinna i djupare me- ning. Ar 1743 publicerade hon sin forsta diktsamling, "Den Sorjande Turturdufvan" , vari hon ger ett starkt personligt uttryck for sin sorg. Kanslan i dessa dikter ar varm och akta, uttrycket enkelt och tilltalande. Sedan hon aterflyttat till Stockholm, utgav hon under aren 1744 — 1750 tre diktsamlingar under titeln " Qwinligit^ tanke- spel af en Herdinna i Norden". Snart blev hon medel- punkten i den litterara krets, som plagade samlas i hennes hem och till vilken aven skalderna Creutz och .Gyllenborg horde, och hennes diktning vinher alltmera i formfulland- ning. Fru Nordenflychts senare ar harjades iter av bittra inre och yttre strider. Fyrtiofyra ar gammal foralskar hon sig i den endast tjugosexarige Johan Fischerstrom, vars be- kantskap hon gjort i huvudstadens litterara kretsar. Hen- nes passionerade karlek kunde emellertid hos honom ej uppvacka annan genkansla an beundran for skaldinnan, och hennes haftiga bojelses Ion blev intet annat an bitter besvikelse. Ryktet orh att hon genom drankning sokt taga livet av sig ar ogrundat, aven om sjalvmordstanken ej varit henne frammande. Hon avled ar 1763. ^ Literally, the seventeen hundreds, the years ■ 1700 — 1799. — - kept her sex in durance. — ^ with respect to literature, from a literary point of view. — ■*lade...i dagen, showed. — ° toolt place; was consummated. — °In this volume the original spelling: is jetained iu referring to titles of older works, while the texts are given in modem standard Swedish. » HEDVIG CI-IARLOTTA NOEDENFLTCI-IT 11 LEVNADS-BESLUT. I denna enslighet har jag min boning valt, i detta tysta lugn jag viirldens storm betraktar. All hoghet, prakt och lust, som lyckan bjuder fait, jag som en flyktig rok, en vader-bubbla aktar. Har skall jag lara mig att draga tidens ok 5 i talamod och hopp, tills frihetsstunden nalkas, tills doden loser av mitt svara angslans-dok och all min sorge-eld i saker vila svalkas. Emellertid jag har min forna lust baser, , det Ijuva paradis, som lik en ros forbleknat, 10 och trogna tarar till dens dyra minne ger, vars karlek, vett och dygd jag*l min sjal upptecknat. Har skall jag repa upp min herdes Ijuva namn, har skola klippor pa min' sorgetoner svara, har skall jag gora mig bekanter om den hamn, 15 dar rena sjalar fa i evig karlek vara. NOJE I ENSLIGHET. Kom, aftonstjarna, snart att bada de basta stunder av mitt liv! Nar tysthet over allt far rada, da vakna mina tidsfordriv. En alskad skugga doljer mig, en varld forsvinner, dar jag stravat; sen mina sinnen flyktigt svavat, i stillhet tanken roar sig. 12 HEUVIG CHARLOTTA NORDENFLYCHT Du stund, som lagger allt i dvala, du vacker mina tankars fart; lo din kold min oros eld kan svala, ditt morker gor mitt sinne klart. Vid manskoflard och darskap trott, vid saliskapstvang och tadelpilar, bland sanggudinnors hop jag vilar 15 och somnar hos Talia sott. OVER EN HYACINT. Till * Du rara ort, som ej din like i farg, i glans, i tackhet har, bland all din slakt, i Floras rike, din fagring mest mitt oga drar. Pa dina blad naturen spelar, 5 i konst, i prakt hon yttrar sig; den fina balsamlukt du delar fornojer och fortjusar mig. Med trogen omsorg jag dig skoter: en lindrig luft du andas far, 10 en haftig il dig aldrig moter, for hetta, kold du saker star; ett livligt vader pa dig flaktar, som tranger genom blad och knopp, och nar av varme du forsmaktar, 15 en kylig flod dig friskar opp. Men liksom du min hydda pryder och dig i all din tackhet ter, en grym forvandlings lag du lyder, * Johan Fischersti'Bm. HEDVIG CHARLOTTA NOKDENFLYCHT 13 du vissnar, dor och finns ej mer. 20 Du hastigt all min moda glommer och ledsnar vid min omma vard, bland ringa stof t din f agring gommer — du ar ju otacksam och hard ! Men skall jag pa en blomma klandra, 25 det veka vasen klaga an? Dess ode ar att sig forandra: hon maste vara som hon kan. Hon ar ett gras, hon skall forfallna; jag intet agg till henne bar. 30 Sa ser jag ock ditt hjarta kallna: det maste vara som det ar. ■ JOHAN HENRIK KELLGREN. Den mest betydande malsmannen for upplysningstidens ideer i Sverge ar Johan Henrik Kellgren^ det s. k. gusta- vianska tidevarvets fornamste skald. I den svenska lit- teraturen representerar han framfor andra den vid denna tid overallt i Europa harskande franska upplysningsfiloso- fien med dess oholjda fornuftsdyrkan och slappa moral. Men Kellgren besatt for rika utvecklingsmojligheter for att stanna harvid. Under senare delen av bans levnad andrades bans varldsaskadning ganska betydligt. Forstan- dets ratt att prova uppgav han val aldrig, och sin modiga kamp for tankeklarhetens och tankefrihetens sak fortsatte han in i det sista gentemot vantro och svarmisk mysticism. Men i bans senare dikter sparar man intet av det forna religionshanet, ocb samtidigt med att ban frigor sig fran den franska smakens regeltvang, eftertrades den terra for- standsmassigheten av en djupare ocb varmare kansla. Liksom sa manga andra andens storman leder Kellgren sina anor genom prasten till bonden — alldeles som t. ex. Dalin ocb Tegner. Hans fader var prast i Vastergotland, och dar foddes i Floby prastgard sonen Johan Henrik den I december 1 751. Efter slutad skolgang sandes han till universitetet i Abo, dar ban sarskilt studerade den latinska och franska litteraturen och aven gjorde sina forsta laro- span som vitterbetsidkare. Efter avlagd filosofie doktors- grad erboll ban anstallning som docent vid univesitetet men lamnade snart denna befattning och begav sig till Stock- holm, dar ban blev informator i general Meijerfelts bus. Har kom han i beroring med den lysande krets, som omgav Gustav III, ocb snart gjorde han aven konungens person- liga bekantskap. Denne, vars for dylikt skarpa blick snart upptackteKellgrensstoraskaldebegavning,b6rjadeanvanda JOHAN HENIUK KELLGEEN 15 honom for utarbetandet av sina skadespelsutkast och belo- nade honora med atskilliga indraktiga sysslor, vilka utan att alltfor mycket taga bans tid i ansprak gjorde honom till en ekonomiskt oberoende man. Ar 1778 ingick ban i redaktionen for tidningen Stockholmsposten, datidens for- njimsta litterara organ, vars agare och utgivare han seder- mera blev. I denna tidning ar det, som Kellgren gor sig kand som sin tids mest ansedde smakdomare och ypperste prosaforfattare. Genom sin skarpa, ofta blixtrande kvicka kritik utovar han ett halsosamt inflytande pa den svenska diktningen, och bans manga uppsatser i medborgerliga, religiosa och vetenskapliga amnen voro av stor betydelse. — "Han var och verkade", sager Tegner, "som national- vett. — Hans skaldeverksamhet omfattar huvudsakligen satir och Idrodikt, men han bar aven skrivit lyriska dikter av betagande skonhet. Tyvarr blev bans verksamhet icke langvarig. Den sjuk- dom, som lange tart honom, blev allt svarare. Den 20 april 1795 avled han, endast 44 ap gammal. Han efter- lamnade minnet icke blott av en skald som fa men ocksa av en adel, finbildad och modig man. 16 JOHAN HENKIK KELLGKEN Ur mina lojen. iS' W" Jag ler — o gudar, nojets gudar, er anblick foder mig pa nytt, I mina tankars kladnad bytt fran sorgedok till gladjeskrudar. Som jorden vid den tanda dag 5 i solens lanta f arger pralar, sa fran ett klarnat sinne stralar det Ijus, som stundom med behag var levnads nakna oken malar. Jag ler — fly bort, du darars har, lO som dig med sjalvgjord smarta sarar! Oskara ej med dina tarar den vers, at lojet helgad ar! Fly, att av dagens Ijus forgaten i skrevors natt bland uvar bo, 15 och vaga ej med dina laten att stora mina kvadens ro. En trogvaxt ort pa jordens yta var visdom forr, sa ar den nu. Dock kan ett Grekland billigt skryta 20 — ma icke Sverge det f ortryta ! — dess visas antal steg till sju. En bland dem sags ha alltid skrattat at vad som hant, at dygd och brott. En annan Iter ogat mattat 25 att grata over ont och gott. Om en av mina vanner fragar, vem mest av dessa prisas ma, jag oppenhjartigt svara vagar : de voro narrar bada tva. 30 Allt har sin tid, men darar strida mot ordning, tid och skick och allt. JOHAN HENBIK KELLGKEN 17 Vad manskligt ar, bor manskan lida: naturen grat och skratt befallt. Det ar ett fel att lojet hamma, 35 nar man sa mycket lojiigt ser; det ar ett brott att ogat damma, nar mansklighet om tarar ber. Ve den barbar, for kanslan dod, som famnen for en broder sluter, 40 som icke rors vid uslas nod och, da han delar dem sitt brod, av vallust icke tarar gjuter. Men varen foljer vinterns spar. Ej Bores vald bestandigt rar 45 att faltets prydda ban foroda. Sefiren stundom skalkas far, och hjartat skulle snart forbloda av egna och vid andras sar, om lojet ej den balsam agde, 50 som kunde lindra vara kval, och om ej darars runda tal de olycksfullas overvagde. Kom da, du lojens kvicka tropp ! Folj mig i alia livets skiften 55 och lar mig ta ett glattigt hopp pa bradden av den morka griften! Lat edra vingar flyktigt svava omkring mitt bord, min sang, min bok ; lat dumhet for ert gissel bava ; 60 men soken val ert utbrott kvava i sallskap med en hogborn tok! Vi kan jag ej tillfyllest bava att bland de stora vara klok? Vem skall jag forst mitt loje skanka? 65 Jo, arans folk bor ara ske. Svensh diklning, 2. 18 JOHAN HENBIK KELLGBEN Det vore bordens ratter kranka att ej de hog a forst bele. Ack, nar jag deras liv beskadar, sa fullt av laster, prakt och tvang; 70 den glansj som ingen varme badar, och yrslan vid sireners sang; det stoj, som endast orat fyller, da sjalen torn och hungrig ar; det glitter livets skal f orgy Her, 75 da masken sjalva karnan tar; den goda ton, som mera galler an vett och dygd och skicklighet ; det falskhets gift, som oskuld f aller med en belevad nedrighet; 80 de nycker, som fortjansten doma, som blindvis lasta och beromma och slutas med ett : vare sagt ; den traldom hos en overherre, som dubbelt hamnas pa de smarre ; 85 det nit for egen vinst och makt, som saljer fosterlandets lycka mot ratt att i sin man fortrycka och sig med band och stjarnor smycka och dunsta muskus och f orakt ; 90 den svarta list, de djupa ranker, sbm doljas under vanskaps larv; den skyddningsblick, en Midas sanker till dem, som snillet fatt i arv — nar jag hos er, I lyckans soner, 95 sa mycket argt och uselt ser, jag all er brist och darskap roner och utav harrn och omkan ler. I Levi barn, tan intet ilia, om jag at eder skratta tors! 100 I man ju nojas att forvilla det folk, som rikta kan er bors; men jag, tyvarr, som intet ager, JOHAN HBNBIK KMLLGKEN 19 varav man tionde kan fa, vad jag i favitsk blindhet sager, 105 ma Ijusens barn ej akta pa. Jag ma ju le, nar I prediken om denna snoda varlds forakt och likafullt med alio makt for gunst och vinst och vallust fiken. no Er vard att vara sjalar sova med hopp om evig sjiilaro och jorden till er sjalva rova och sjalva njuta, da vi tro; ert helga hat, vars vreda vagor 115 ej nansin stillas i er sjal; ert kristna nit att for vart val OSS skara genom blod och lagor; och allt det andeliga gral, som plar en pobels lattro gacka: 120 allt ma ju med fordubblat skal till loje mer an vrede vmcka. At er, at er, I tidens liirde, jag ofta hjartligt skrattat bar; at edra fragor utan varde 125 och edra meningslosa svar ; ert raseri att allt forklara, evad som hant och aldrig bant ; er blinda vordnad att forsvara, vad alderdomen tankt forvant; 130 er konst att over harstran kiva och skriva, skriva, skriva, skriva i kors och tvars och med och mot ; att kanna noga jordens klot, och vilken vag dess rullning tager, 135 men ej den kraft, som bjartat drager, och ej dess brist och ej dess bot. Vad mera lojligt an er moda att har ert liv i brist foroda for arans liv i minnets sal? 140 20 JOHAN HENBIK KELLGREN Men vem kan rakna stjarnors tal och all den larda darskaps groda? Om du med Voltaires dubbla liv och Voltaires skicklighet att gacka ej agde annat tidsfordriv, 145 sa skulle modan dock forskracka och dina dar for litet racka att teckna upp en litani av allt det larda vurmeri, som visa hjarnor klackt och klacka. 150 Du poetastrers magra.kon, som lart, till dina synders Ion och vara synders Ion, att rimma, at dig jag skrattat mangen timma. Skryt icke, Grekland, skryt ej mer 155 av din gudomliga Homer, sen Sverge i sitt skote ager den, honom vida overvager! Den gamle i sin Iliad blott da och da man nicka funnit, 160 da var den hojd i konsten hunnit att snarka'i varenda rad. Skryt ej utav din Sapfos Sanger, som stortat sig pa Leukas bank : den svenska var ju tusen ganger 165 mer ful och mera alskogskrank ! Vi har jag ej, Pope, din hand att i en Dunciad betvala den mangd skriblerer i vart land, som med Apollos lager prala ? 1 70 Men du, vars hand, sa djarv och svag, med hogmod andras darskap risar, mann du val sjalv, min lilla jag, mann du val sjalv vid sannings dag en mindre lojlig skapnad visar? 175 JOIIAN I-IENKIK KELLGBEN 21 Trad fram uti ditt samvets Ijus och se hur hogt din vishet galler, da, framling i ditt eget hus, du andras fel i dagen staller! Sag, vilken dig med blindhet slog, i8o da du till lycka och till heder den helikonska vagen tog, som gent till hospitalet leder? Vad usel smak, vad mager spis att sig med lagerns barkbrod foda, 185 da siffrans barn pa Kresers vis sin dumma kropp i vallust goda! Tror du vid polens platta bygd att nagon Ion at snillet amnas, dar blott din farfars farfars dygd 190 har ratt att for din egen namnas ? Hall upp ! — Jag nog min darskap ser. Jag som en ann at svagKet skattar, och da jag hogt at andra skrattar, jag at mig sjalv i tysthet ler. 195 Ur ljusets fiender. En kvall forliden host — lat se, om jag ej felar i mitt minne, sa var det kring den tjugonde december. Ja, min lasare, ty vintersolstandet var inne, 5 och Febus, denne harskare utover Ijus och rimmare, som ilia lyser, samre rimmar i nordiske klimaterne, gick nu till sangs mot klockan tre 10 att sova roligt nitton timmar. 22 JOHAN HENRIK KELLGREN En sadan kvallkom Lucidor till stora klubben ut pa Norr. — En klubb! Politisk? — Minsta spar dartill i manuskriptet finns ej, 15 och nagon minsta nytta vinns ej att veta det. Nog av: han kom, steg in, satt ner och sag sig om, men sag ej skapat grand, emedan man intet Ijus i rummet tant 20 och himlaljusets president gatt ned till vila langesedan, och himlens vice president dartill befann sig uti nedan. I tjocka morkret hor han har 25 den dumma hopen disputera med mycken hetta — som man plar, nar man forstar sig ingendera — vad form pa kallarstugan ar, vad farg pa moblerna, med mera. 30 Till slut, nar en och ann betankt, hur uppat vaggarna befangt det var att, uti blindhet sankt, om form och f arger resonera — ty vara blind och icke se 35 var ett och samma, tyckte de — sa ropte en, sa ropte flera: L]us in! Ljus kom — en allman frojd vid denna syn! Vem ar ej nojd 40 pa svart och vitt att skillnad gora? Blott har och dar en morksens van gav ljus och lampor den och den, och vem det var, skall ni fa hora. Den forsta var en surogd man. 45 Pa honom ingen undra kan, han hellre omkas av allt hjarta. JOHAN HENBIK KBLLGHEN 23 Hur skulk Ijussken ha behag, nar ininsta skymt av himlens dag ar for bans syn en dodlig smarta ? 50 En somnsjuk man skrek till ocb spratt belt hogt fran stolen, dar ban satt. Hans namn var Dummer Jons, Jons Dummev, till kropp ocb sjal bad dag ocb natt forsankt uti en standig slummer. 55 Man kan val tanka, vilket spratt for sadant djur att morkret sakna, ty sen man nu bans lattja ser, sa skams det dumma svinet mer att ensam sova bland de vakna. 60 "Mig", bors en svarmare darnast, "mig skymningen behagar mest. O salla skymning, nojets dager, dunkelbet, sa Ijuv och mild, nar du forskonar varje bild, 65 vad gor det mig, att du bedrager! 1 dig min yra fantasi, utur fornuftets tyglar fri, allt i ett lyckligt kaos blandar. Igenom dig blir skuggan kropp, 70 igenom dig fylls jorden opp av gudar, jattar, troll ocb andar. Nyss fick jag bar en valnad fatt ur svedenborgska andevarlden ; men Ijuset kom — fordomda spratt ! — 75 dess stralar i en blink fortarde'n." "O blygd ocb ban", skrek pastor Fan, "sa grovt att gackas med forsynen ! Tank, att det djarva stoftets son vill mitt i natten nyttja synen ! 80 Forgaves gar da solen mer 24 JOHAN HENRIK KELLGEEN pa Guds befallning upp och ner att dela manskan Ijus och varma. Hon varma genom brasor gor och genom talgljus vaga tor 85 att sjalva dagens stralar harma. Snart har naturen ingen vra sa djup, sa dold att hitta pa, dit manskans oga icke stjal sig. Hon storm och boljor tygla vet 90 och rads ej i sin gudloshet att hindra askan sla ihjal sig." Har brast forsamlingen i skratt, och pastern, fattande sin hatt, svor pest och dod mot sina broder, 95 da i en hast vid trummors skrall och klockors klang och lurars gnall det ropas : Elln dr los pa Soder! Man namner gata, grand och hus och orsaken till allt — ett Ijus. 100 "O, Lucifers och snillets soner — av lux ar Lucifer — se har", skrek ater Fan, "vad frukten ar, som Soder ren av Ijuset roner! Och som pa Norr ett lika slut 105 halt visst en lika djarvhet kroner, sa fattom genast vart beslut: att allt, vad lysa kan, slacks ut!" Ren marks bland sjalva Ijusets vanner — sa maktig ar f antasters rost ! — no hur en och annan uppsta kanner en hemlig/fruktan i sitt brost. Da reser sig vid talmansbordet en man att stadga deras val. Man lyssnar. Lucidor har ordet : 115 "I man och broder", var bans tal, "det finns en lag, av himlen stiftad. JOHAN HENRIK KELLQREN 25 for bruket av allt jordiskt gott : att utan vishet, grans och matt skall sjalva dygden bli ett brott 120 och sjalva sallheten forgiftad. Vad nyttigt kan ej skadligt bli? Och vad den vada betraffa ma, som yppas kan av Ijusets vardslosa bantering, 125 har daremot en klbk regering tva goda medel i sin hand: sport, tjanliga att fruktan vacka hos den forsumliga och fracka, och sprutor, f ardiga att slacka 1 30 i hast den gruvligaste brand." Han slot. Ett allmant bravo-skri, ett allmant klappande i handren ! Excipe Fan & kompanj, som togo visligt sitt parti 135 och svuro sakta mellan tandren. Sist : hur pa Soder tillgatt har, bur med dess eldsvada tog anda, och vilket nytt palats man drar ur askan av det platt forbranda — 140 darom en annan gang kanhanda, om Gud forlanger vara dar. DEN NYA SKAPELSEN eller INBILLNINGENS VARLD. Du, som av skonhet och behagen en ren och himmelsk urbild ger, jag sag dig ^ och fran denna dagen jag endast dig i varlden ser. 26 JOHAN HENEIK KELLGREN Dod lag naturen for mitt oga, 5 djupt lag hon for min kansla dod. Kom sa en flakt ifran det hoga och Ijus och liv i varlden bod. Och Ijuset kom, och livet tandes, en sjal i stela massan flot; lO allt tog ett anletsdrag, som kandes, en rost, som till mitt hjarta brot. Kring rymden nya himlar stracktes, och jorden nya skrudar drog, och bildningen och snillet vacktes, 15 och skonheten stod upp och log. Da fann min sjal sig himlaburen, sig sprungen av en gudastam och sag de under i naturen, som aldrig visheten fornam ; 20 ej endast storhet och formaga och glans och rymd och rorelse, ej blott i dalens djup det laga, och endast hojd i klipporne; men livligt till mitt ora fordes 25 de hoga sfarers harmoni, pa berget anglars harpor hordes. . ur djupet morka andars skrii Pa faltet logo fridens lojen, skrack omsmog i den skumma dal, 30 och lunden viskade cm nojen, och skogen suckade om kval. Och vrede var i havets vagor och omhet uti kalians sus och majestat i solens lagor 35 och blygsamhet i manens Ijus. JOHAN HENRIK KELLGEEJST 27 Hamnd gick att blixtens pilar vassa, mod skakade orkanens arm, och cedern lyftade en hjassa, och blomman oppnade en barm. 40 O, levande forstand av tingen, 0, snillets, kanslans hemlighet, vem fattade dig, skonhet? Ingen forutan den, som alska vet. For mig, nar du naturen malar 45 till himlar utav Ijus och val, vad ar du? Aterbrutna stralar av Hilmas bild uti min sjal. Hon ar det i min sjal, vars stampel till skapelsen fortjusning bar. 50 Och jorden uppstod till ett tempel, dar hon gudomligheten ar. Du, som av skonhet och behagen en ren och himmelsk urbild ger, jag sag dig — och fran denna dagen 55 jag endast dig i varlden ser. I allt din lanta teckning kannes, o, evigt samma, evigt ny! Din vaxt blev liljans vaxt, och hennas den friska glansen av din hy. 60 Din blick i dagens blickar blandas, din rost fick naktergalens sang, jag dig i rosens vallukt andas, och vastanflakten bar din gang. Ej nog — du sjalva fasan- glader, 65 du fyller avgrunder med Ijus, du oknarna i blomster klader och tjusar i ruiners grus. 28 JOI-IAN HENBIK KELLGREN Och nar min tanke hanryckt vimlar och Ayr och soker trangtande 70 och soker genom jord och himlar det salla stoftets skapare och fragar, i vad skepnad fattas att 6m och god och glad och mild var hogsta dyrkan vardig skattas — 75 da visas Han mig i din bild. I kungars slott, i hov och stader jag ser bland tusende blott dig, och nar min fot i hyddan trader, ar du dar redan fore mig. 80 Jag gick att visdomsdjupet sporja; din tanke rev mig ur dess famn. Jag gick att hjaltars kvaden borja, men cittran larde blott ditt namn. Jag ville arans hojder hinna, 85 men bortvek i det fjat du gick. Jag ville lyckans skatter finna och fann dem alia i din blick. Du, som av skonhet och behagen en ren och himmelsk urbild ger, 90 jag sag dig — och fran denna dagen jag endast dig i varlden ser. Forgaves ur din asyn tagen, mig blott din tanke unnas mer. I dina spar av minnet dragen, gg jag endast dig i varlden ser. JOHAN IIENRIK KBLLGEEN 29 ODE TILL SALLHETEN. Du, med trangtande rop kallad av slav och kung, sag, var doljer du dig? Bor du i klyftors skot, dar med ruvande vingar natten vaktar det gamla guld? Fann i sanningens djup grubblande forskarn dig? 5 Sag bland skaldemor dig dvaljande sangens son? Bar vid segrarens sida dig den blodiga stridens vagn? Nyssfott, halsar med grat barnet den forsta sol ; gubbe, suckar det trott efter den sista natt. 10 Sjalv den dygdiges oga gjuter taren pa bleknad kind. Bliva, triingta och do bjuder oss odets lag. Sallhet, ar du en drom, gackade kanslors drom, eller — ar du en bild av 15 sanna, kommande himlars ro? ANNA MARIA LENNGREN. Till Kellgrens narmaste umgange i Stockholm horde fru Anna Maria Lenngren, hustru till hans van och med- redaktor K. P. Lenngren. Sasom en alskvard och inta- gande vardinna samlade hon i sitt hem manga av den s. k. akademiska kretsens basta krafter, beundrad och alskad for sitt snille, sin kvickhet och sin anspraksloshet. Hon foddes i Uppsala 1754 och uppvaxte i ett lyckligt, om an torftigt hem. Av sin fader, professor M. Malm- stedt, erholl hon en lard uppfostran. Tidigt, redan i bor- jan pa 1770-talet, framtradde hon som vitter forfattarinna. Sedan hon 1 780 intratt i aktenskap, avtog hennes litterara produktion, aven om hon ej belt lade sin lyra at sidan. Det ar egentligen fran och med ar 1792, som hon — saker- ligen for att hjalpa sin man, da Kellgren av sjukdom hindrades att deltaga i redaktionen — blev en allt flitigare medarbeterska i Stockholmsposten och riktade denna tid- ning med det ena betydande poemet efter det andra. Hon foretrader i sin diktning upplysningstidens basta sidor, klarhet och vett, och hon parar dessa egenskaper med ett kvickt, ej sallan uddigt skamtlynne och med ett gott hjartelag. I utpraglad grad verklighetstrogen for- fattarinna, bar hon sarskilda anlag for framstallning av det idylliska, det hemtrevliga och det uppsluppna. Hen- nes stil ar enkel, konstlos, rak pa sak ; hon vet alltid finna det ratta ordet och ager formagan att i fa, slaende uttryck skildra en tilldragelse eller en figur. Hennes diktning omfattar foretradesvis satirens och idyllens omrade. Stun- dom flyta dessa arter tillsammans, sa att det mangen gang kan vara svart nog att draga gransen dem emellan, sati- riska tillsatser giva understundom en pikant smak at hen- nes sma idyller, t. ex. i Pojkarna, medan a andra sidan ANNA MABIA LENNGKEN 31 hennes basta satirer mildras och forljuvas av en liten idyl- lisk ingrediens, t. ex. Grevinnans besok. Ungefar vid sekelskiftet tystnade hennes lyra for att blott undantagsvis ater lata hora sig. Kanske kvavdes dess toner av de motgangar och lidanden, som fordystrade hennes liv vid denna tid. Sjalv barnlos, hade hon som fosterbarn upptagit sin brors dotter, en intagande, rikt begavad flicka, vid vilken hon var fastad med den var- maste och innerligaste karlek. Men en nervsjukdom drabbade denna och efterlamnade en aldrig botad sinnes- sjukdom. — Kort darefter traffades fru Lenngren av en annan olycka. Hennes fader foil en afton, just da ban var pa vag att gora dottern ett besok, i Norrstrom och drunknade. — Hon bar dessa sorger med kristlig under- givenhet, och antagligen ar det under intryck av dem, hon diktar sin vemodsfyllda Blick pa graven (svenska psalmen nr 449). — Sjalv drabbades hon under sina sista ar av en obotlig sjukdom, krafta i brostet, som andade hennes liv 181 7. ♦ 32 ANNA MARIA LBNNGBEN DEN GLADA FESTEN. Uti prastgaln slamrades i mortlar, brattom hade alia husets hjon; pigor svangde sig i helgdagskjortlar, och pa spettet satt en godd kalkon. Gamla prastmor sags bestallsamt trippa, 5 hade mycket att bestyra om, tummade sin blanka nyckelknippa, nickade sa fromt at vem som kom; vandrade i nattyg, natt och struken, if ran koket omsom och i sain, 10 bredde ut den ifina korndrallsduken och tog fram den refflade pokaln. Varfor da den myckna statligheten, delta fej och fjask i kyrkherrgaln, denna tartan och hogtidligheten, 15 frikadeller, korv och krams i kaln? Vilkens denna notta kapp, som siras, som sa grann och blomsterlindad star? Jo, var gode prastfars hogtid firas: gubben fyller sina sjutti ar. 20 Gamla prastmor, fintlig och forslagen, med sma feter pa sitt enkla satt fyrti ganger firat denna dagen, fyrti ar sin goda gubbe glatt. Redan var nu middagsstunden inne, 25 vantat lag i hemligt antag var. Gumman log sa fromt uti sitt sinne at det spratt, som hon stalk till at far. ANNA MAEIA LENNGEEN 33 Gubben tidigt ren pa morgonstunden trogen onskan av sin gumma, fatt, ■ 30 med en stoppad nattrock blivit bunden, ran och skalbrod, kaffe, utvalt gott. Nu satt ban sa god och glad till sinnes — i bans uppsyn lastes lugn och frid — , forde sig med tacksamhet till minnes 35 Herrens nad pa den forflutna tid, kande varma gladjetarar falla, blickade ibland sa gott pa mor, visste med sig ban var kar for alia: maka, vanner, barn och sockenbor. 40 Pa en gang blev gubben glatt forlagen : nagon aning nu foil honom in. "Dammar det ej", sade ban, "pa vagen? Skaller icke Herkules vid grinn?" Gubben ej forgaves detta tyckte : 45 skumt ban redan rojt dem langt ifran ; nu han omt i sina armar tryckte dotter, mag och lilla dotterson. Spada gossen racker morfar kappen med den granna blomsterkransen pa ; 50 mormor log och bet sig skalmskt i lappen, var sa stolt for det hon hittat pa. Hedersmagen, herr kaplan i Vala, kom nu fram med verser, ett patent, som han latit med sma anglar mala, 55 grant och vackert och forgyllt och prant. Sedan dotter karligt gratulerat, med jordgubbar fram en korg hon bar, dem bon i sin tradgard sjalv planterat enkom for sin gamla goda far. 60 Svensk dihtmng. 3, 34 ANNA MAEIA LENNGEEN Slakt och vanner syntes nu sig samla mangrant till ett glatt och utvalt lag. Alia onskade sa hogt den gamla lycka, lycka pa hans hedersdag. Mormor ropte : "Far, nu vantar maten !" 65 Fromma laget strax kring bordet star. Gubben markte rosorna kring faten, lilla Goran laste "Fader var". Alia ratter osas, skaras, styckas; gumman, fryntlig, lagger for och ler, 70 frojdar sig, att tartan velat lyckas, blir sa nojd, nar nagon vill ha mer. Glad ar dagen, tillfallet betydligt, blanka silverkannan fylls med vin; pa det drivna locket synas prydligt 75 tolv apostlar och en karolin. Till ett mil nu alia troget syfta: morfars valgang runt kring laget gar. Gubben ses sin sammetsmossa lyfta, blottar rord sitt silvervita har. 80 Uppa gain fran lovsaln folket hurrar — ingen gloms av matmor vid kalas — ; olet strommar, nyckelharpan surrar, polskan gar vid oavbruten has. "Vet ni, vanner", ropte prastmors svager, 85 tog pokaln och drack sin granne till, "alia kungars pro- och epiloger mot var fest jag icke byta vill." ANNA MARIA LKNNGREN 35 SLOTTET OCH KOJAN. Jag har en lantlig stuga, den stugan ar dock min. Men odmjukt skall man buga att till mig komma in. Sa foga hogt fran marken 5 har den sin resning fatt. Men dar framfor at parken, dar star ett skyhogt slott. I prakt och stoj otroligt dar bor en herreman. 10 Jag sover alltid roligt, men det gor inte han. Han hovman ar, dess varre, en praktig stjarna bar. Men stackars nadigherre, 15 hur litet sail han ar ! Jag satt framfor min koja en vacker aftonstund, da plotsligt hordes stoj a hanskoppelkringminlund. 20 Hans Nad forbi mig tradde, just som jag bast fornojd forsynens godhet kvadde i menloshet och frojd. Det var en liten visa, 25 som sjalv jag gjort — jo jo — att himlens Herre prisa for lugn och sinnesro, for sundheten och fodan, for faderligt forvar, 30 for vila efter modan och angerfria dar. Hans Nade, stodd mot bossan, grant hade hort min sang. Jag*teg och tog av mossan, 35 han tankfull gick sin gang. Han got en suck af smarta — ha, den forstod jag gott — : "Giv mig ditt glada hjarta, och garna tag mitt slott." 40 Da lyfte jag mitt oga till den, som delat sa: palatsen at de hoga och gladjen at de sma. POJKARNA. Jag minns den Ijuva tiden, jag minns den som i gar, da oskulden och friden tatt foljde mina spar, da lasten var en haxa 5 och sorgen snart forsvann, da allt utom min laxa jag latt och lustigt fann. 36 ANNA MAEIA LENNGKEN Uppa min mun var lojet och halsan i min blod; i sjalen bodde nojet; var manniska var god. Var pojke glad och yster var strax min hulda bror, var flicka var min syster, var gumma var min mor. lO 15 Ej sanning av ess doljdes uti fortjanst och fel; ovaldigheten foljdes vid minsta kagelspel: den trasigaste ungen 45 vann priset vid var dom, nar han slog riktigt kungen och greven kasta' bom. Jag minns de fria falten jag matt sa mangen gang, dar ofta jag var hjalten i lekar och i sprang, de tusen glada spratten i sommarns friska vind med f jarlarne i hatten och purpurn pa min kind. Hur hordes ej var klagan, vart spada hjarta sved 50 vid bannorna och agan, 20 som nagon lekbror led! Hur glad att fa tillbaka den gladje riset slot! Min enda pepparkaka 55 jag med den sorgsna brot. Av falskheten och sveken 25 jag visste intet an : i var kamrat av leken jag sag en trogen van. De langa, lomska kiven, dem kande icke vi : 30 nar orfilen var given, var vreden ock forbi. Men, mina ungdomsvanner, hur tiden andrat sig! Jag er ej mera kanner, I kannen icke mig. 60 De blivit man i staten, de forna pojkarna, och kivas nu cm maten och slass om titlarna. Ej skillnad till personer jag sag i nojets dar: bondpojkar och baroner, 35 allt for mig lika var. I gladjen och i yran den av oss, raska barn, som gav den langsta lyran, var den fornamsta karln. 40 Med fyrti ar pa nacken, 65 de strata med besvar tungt i den branta backen, dar lyckans tempel ar. Vad ger da denna tarnan, sa sokt i alia land? 70 Kallt hjarta under stjarnanj gul by och granna band. ANNA MARIA I,BNNGEEN 37 GREVINNANS BESOK. Bevars, vilket flang bade ute och innan, hos prastens vad stoj och vad stok! Ett bud hade kommit, att nadig grevinnan tankt gora ett middagsbesok. Pastorskan holl rad med sin dotter Lovisa 5 om ordning pa dukning och fat. Hon ville sitt kokvett vordsamligen visa med statlig valfagnad och mat. Nu dammades salen och gamla portratter, stamfadren fornamst daribland: 10 matroner med nattyg och snorda korsetter och piaster med biblar i hand. •I Pastorskan pa:kladde sin langkoft av siden, herr pastorn sin basta peruk, Lovisa sin drakt, som den framfarna tiden 15 var arshelg kom endast i bruk. Nu syntes grevinnan och froken vid hagen, herr pastorn till motes dem gick med ideligt jank pa kaftanen och kragen i stadat och prasterligt skick. 20 ; "'■ iJ Pa trappan med nigningar, tata och djupa, stod prastfrun sa gladlynt i soln, och dotter och mor foro odmjukt framstupa att kyssa den grevliga kjoln. I salen det hogborna frammande tradde; 25 herr pastorn med bugning och krus beskrev, hur man underdan-hjartligt sig gladde av aran, som skedde bans bus. 38 ANNA MABIA LENNGEEN Det grevliga herrskapet fordes till bordet; Guds gavor det feltes ej dar. 30 Grevinnan, sa nedlaten, nadigt tog ordet: "Bevars, vad ni gjort er besvarl" Pastorskans anrattning hon tacktes beprisa, fann dillkottet lackert och ungt, beromde ostkakan och brydde Lovisa 35 for husets vallarde adjunkt. Och f roken, med fingrar som snon att forblinda, en vinge av kycklingen brot och matade stundom sin skona Belinda och foga av ratterna njot. 40 De fornama gaster med blick pa varannan bemarkte herr pastorns gestalt, med kniven i steken och svetten i pannan och trugning och bugning vid allt. Pastorskan tog skalen, med smultronen braddad, 45 allt var sa hjartinnerligt unt; var tallrik hon bjod som en attehog baddad, allt rikligt, tillrackligt och runt. Med klenat och struvor och pontak och skalar pa tiden sa lange drog ut; 50 det grevliga herrskapet satt som pa nalar, men antlig tog maltiden slut. In kommo nu plantor, solbranda och- feta, framforda av mor och av far; och nadiga fragor, vad ungarna beta, 55 och troga och tolpiga svar. Pastorskan, sa arbar med korslagda navar, kom fram med en stamma sa mjall med tal om Lovisa och sysslor och vavar — och kors, vad den flickan var snail ! 60 ANNA MARIA LENNGEEN 39 Lovisa begapade frokens garnering och bjafset kring kjortel och barm med spekulation pa en dylik stoffering till granngalsmamsellernas harm. Nu f rambjod Hon kaffe ur kannan, som blankte 65 i gammal siratlig fason, och over herr greven, som fordom den skankte, holl pastern en parentation. Om stora bedrifter nu skar han i vaxten med valtaligt krangel och brak 70 och kryste forstandet och spacfcade texten med skriftenes heliga sprak. Med anstandig suck for den saliga doda grevinnan drog nasdukfen opp, en artighet sade for prastfolkets moda, 75 bjod avsked och tog sin^salopp. Och pastorn nu grevskapet foljde till linden ; bans sedsamma dotter och fru nu nego vid trappan, vid porten, vid grinden och sta dar och niga annu. 80 JOHAN OLOV WALLIN. Johan Olov Waltin, Sverges storste psalmsangare, har- stammar f ran en gammal soldatslakt och foddes i Dalarna ar 1779. Hemmet var fattigt, och det var endast med mycken svarighet, Wallin kunde skaffa sig medel till att fullborda sina skol- och universitetsstudier. Han erhoU darefter plats som larare vid krigsakademien a Karlberg och vann si. smaningom den ena befordran efter den andra : blev kyrkoherde i en forsamling i Stockholm, domprost i Vasteras, pastor primarius i Stockholm och slutligen Svea rikes arkebiskop. Han avled ar 1839. Wallin representerar oyergangen till en nyare och friare riktning inom Sverges litteratur. Under sin forsta tid skrev han huyudsakligast i den gangse "akademiska" sti- len men f rigjorde sig qfter hand f ran dess schablonmassiga ton och tunga regeltvang. Han ar mottaglig for innerliga kanslostSmningar men visar sig dock framfor allt dragen till det sublima, det manliga, det kraftiga och lagger i dagen smak for statliga uttryck och antiteser. Dessa drag i bans skaldekynne framtrada framfor allt i bans psalmdiktning, som kannetecknas av en storslagen hcigtidlighet, maktig kraft, djup sjalfullhet och ett manligt allvar, som val icke utesluter mildhet. Hans arbete pa psalmboken upptog snart alia bans litterara intressen, aven om han ej belt lade lyran at sidan for harpan. Hans sang- mo hade, for att anvanda Tegners kvicka yttrande, gatt i kloster. Hans statligaste dikt vid sidan om bans psalmer torde vara den har i utdrag meddelade "Dodens angel". Wallin ar aven kand sasom en av Sverges yppersta pre- dikanter och andliga valtalare. JOHAN OLOV WAILIN 41 Ur dodens angel. En gang d'6 och sedan domen. PAULUS. I Adams barn, som av jorden fodens och vanden ater till jorden om! I aren mina, I aren dodens, alltsedan synden i varlden kom. Jag star i oster 5 och nar till vaster, och tusen roster, I tidens gaster, jag bar till eder med Herrens ord fran luft och lagor och hav och jord. 10 I bon och byggen, som sparvar bygga sitt bo i sommarens grona lund. De sjongo glada, de sutto trygga i tradens loviga skygd en stund. Men faglanasten 15 ej pro vet hollo, nar deras fasten for stormen folio, och tyst blev sangen och sjongs ej om, och gladjen, gangen, ej aterkom. 20 I gan och sucken, som duvor sucka, for morgondagen, som I ej sett. Da ofortankt som en fallets lucka sig jorden oppnar for er med ett — och I forsvinnen 25 i plotsHgt nedan, och edra minnen forsvinna sedan, och nytand mane ur silversky ser andra komma och andra fly. 30 42 JOHAN OLOV WALLIN I svaven latta i dansens ringar, I stojen yra i nojets lag, och myrten blommar, och lyran klingar — men over troskelen stiger jag. Da stannar dansen, 35 da sankas Ijuden, da vissnar kransen, da bleknar bruden, och "sorg ar anden", som Skriften sagt, "uppa all gladje" och glans och makt. 40 Jag ar den starke, som haver makten, till dess en starkare komma skall. Pa hoga fjallen, i djupa schakten det ar min anda, som susar kail. De smittans ilar, 45 som rensa lander, de nattens pilar, som ut jag sanderi de sla sitt offer, och slaget tal ej mur av koppar, ej skold av stal. 50 Jag sveper vingen om nordanstormen och rullar dynande vag mot strand. Av statssystemer jag krossar formen och vrider viggen ur dundrarns hand. Som nattens vakter 55 jag sekler jagar, och manskoslakter och verk och dagar som boljor valva sig for min fot, tills sista boljan dar lagt sitt knot. 60 Mot mig forlora sig vett och vapen, mot mig ej lardom och konst bestir. Jag frihet ger at livegenskapen, och harskarviljan i jarn jag slar. JOHAN OLOV WALLIN 43 Jag striden leder — 65 och harar falla; de ligga neder, de ligga alia och vakna ej vid larmtrummans bud, men forst vid domens basunaljud. 70 Min hand blott vinkar — och jorden sopas : allt levande till det rummet far, dar intet ora hor namnet ropas och ingen tunga sig ror till svar. Min fot lustvandrar — 75 och stjalper troner; och Alexandrar, Napoleoner, de herrar fordne i hoga loft, de aro vordne en handfull stoft. 80 Vad Herren askar, till dig han sade. Han matte ut for ditt vandringslopp, vad du, o manska, att bara hade och vad du hade att fylla opp. Han kraft beskarde 85 till vad du borde och vishet larde, att ratt du gjorde, om blott du horde i lydigt brost den store, helige Andens rost. 90 Hor anderosten, den klara, djupa, och i bans arende uppratt gack! Du sen ej sporje, om du skall stupa, ej heller sorje for varldens tack! Du fylle kallet 95 och frukte icke! Ur sjalva fallet du uppat blicke, sa skall dig fatta en anglahand och stilla fora dig till ditt land. lOO 44 JOHAN OtOV WAILIN Gack, trygg i styrkan av adel vilja, igenom provets och modans tid, sa kan dig varlden fran lyckan skilja, men ej fran dygdens och sinnets f rid ; sa kan i jorden 105 val kroppen myllas, dock gudaorden pa anden fyllas: "Du trofast var intill dodens dag; nu, gode tjanare, lonen tag!" no Val den, som redligt det adla velat, det ratta sokt och det milda tankt, som alskat mycket, f astan de felat ! Dem varder mycket ock efterskankt. De har ej blevo 115 allt, vad de skulle ; men anglar skrevo sa karleksfulle, vad genom dem uti minsta man den varlden glatt, som de kommo fran. 120 De hava hallit sig vid det ena, att frukta Herren, och intet mer; de hava tvagit sin' klader rena uti det blodet, som oskuld ger. All strid ar lyktad, 125 all synd forlaten och oron flyktad och stillad graten. Den store Fadern vet deras namn, och trotta sjunka de i hans fafnn. 130 Da dagen svalkas och skuggan breder kring edra dalar och berg sitt flor, sa kommer han och forlossar eder, vars makt ar sasom hans karlek stor. JOHAN OLOV WALLIN 45 De ogon trotta, 135 en stund de somna; de verktyg notta, en stund de domna; en annan stund till ett annat lopp I edra huvuden lyften opp. 140 Och ny ar himlen, och ny ar jorden, och ny ar himlens och jordens son och saknar icke, ododlig vorden, det tranga hemmet han kom ifran. Det ar forsvunnit, 145 det ar forvandlat; men tro, som vunnit, men dygd, som handlat, I haven lotten at er beredd, av laga sinnen ej hord och sedd. 150 Da aro torkade alia tarar, da aro helade alia sar. Ej mer pa travar af lik och barar med fackla, nedvand och slackt, jag star. Jag facklan vander — 155 och i detsamma den atertander vid livets flamma och blandar, evig seraf, min ton i eder lovsang vid Ijusets tron. 160 PER DANIEL AMADEUS ATTERBOM. Sjuttonhundratalets skonlitterara smakriktning, som statt under inflytande av upplysningsfilosofien, eftertraddes i borjan av adertonhundratalet av en halt annan: den ny- romantiska. Denna havdade kanslans och fantasiens ratt genteraot en snavt forstandsmassig uppfattning av poesien. Den oppnade nya vidder for dikten och nyttjade nya poe- tiska former. Med huvudstadsliv och hov hade denna nya riktning intet att skafia, lika litet som med upplysnings- tidens statliga retorik eller latta, frivola kvickhet. Den f oddes i undangomda hem i skog och mark ; gammalsvenska traditioner och gammalsvensk religiositet levde upp i den, liksom ock den svenska naturens mystik. Det var sarskilt nigra unga man i Uppsala och Stock- holm, som blevo de mest entusiastiska malsmannen for denna nya litterara riktning. Framst bland dem star pa grund av sin rika b.egavning sasom skald och tankare Per Daniel Amadeus Atterbom. Han var prastson fran Ostergotland, fodd darstades den 19 januari 1790. Hans barndoms frid och idyll ha lagt nagra av de innerligaste tonerna i hans lyra. Redan vid femton ars alder kom han till universitetet i Uppsala. Tva ar senare stiftade han har ett litterart sallskap, som fick namnet Aurorafbrbundet, enar det var avsett att be- teckna gryningen av en ny dag for svensk kultur. Dess medlemmar fingo efter sallskapets tidskrift "Fosforos" namnet fosforister. En haftig litterar kamp utbrot med anhangarna av "den gamla skolan". Striden avstannade efter 1820, da den romantiska riktningen segrande slagit sig igenom. Sedan Atterbom tagit filosofie doktorsgraden foretog han en tvaarig resa till Tyskland och Italien, under vilken han knot bekantskap med tidevarvets framsta tan- PER DANIEL AMADEUS ATTEBBOM 47 kare och skalder. Hemkommen blev han torst docent och senare professor i estetik och litteratur vid Uppsala uni- versitet. Pa grund av sin politiska askadning blev han utsatt for hjiftiga angrepp i den liberala pressen, som da forde ordet i Sverige. Med sina fa riktiga sjalsfrander levde han ganska isolerad i Uppsala, dar han smaningom overlevde alia sina gamla vanner. Vemodet harover mild- rades blott genom ett utomordentligt lyckligt hemliv, men ar 1854 avled aven hans hustru. Foljande aret foljde han henne i graven. Atterboms fornamsta diktverk aro tva sagospel, "Lyck- salighetens o" och "Fagel Bid"/ det senare dock blott ett fragment, samt diktcykeln "Blommorna". Han ar som skald ytterst subjektiv. For honom existerar egentligen blott hans egen fantasivarld — verklighetens varld ar ho- nom mestadels frammande. Hans diktning, som praglas av oandlighetslangtan, har givit Sverges litteratur nagot av dess skonaste lyrik. ^ Blusbii-d. For the reversed order cf. "Little Boy Blue." 48 PER DANIEL AMADBUS ATTEBBOM UR SAGOSPELET "LYCKSALIGHETENS 0". I. TUSENSKONAN^ SOM OVERRASKAD BLEV AV TIDIG VINTER. Svanvits sang. Stilla, stilla! sadan ar solens sed. Somna fran storm och sno ! Lar dig i nattens f red Ensliga lilla, glomma, o glomma! nu ar det tid att do. Kallt ar kring dal och sjo. 5 Domna blott, domna ! Stilla, o stilla! Snon ar din basta ban. 20 Gott ar att somna; Stunderna ila; vdr kommer ej igen. snart du den sista ser. Hjarta, vi slar du an? Vila, o vila! Domna blott, domna! Vissha som andra fieri 10 Hjarta, vad vill du mer? Tystna da, tystna! 25 Vila, o vila! Tom i en suck din sjal! Upphor att lyssna! Skuggan lat gomma Livet dig bjod farval. allt, vad du njot och led! Arma, god natt, sov val! Glomma, o glomma, 15 Tystna da, tystna! 30 2. KOR AV VINDARNA. Upp genom luften, bort over haven, han over jorden i stormande f ard ! Morgonens drottning med rosiga staven vinkar oss ut till sin vaknande varld. Upp till de brusande 35 boljornas lek! Upp till de susande lundarnas smek! Manniskan, djuren i kvalmiga nasten lyssna med oro till vindarnes dan ; 40 vi svava fria till himmelens fasten, komma med budskap igen darifran. PER DANIEL AMADEUS ATTERBOM 49 SNODROPPEN. Ljuset pa isen sag ner, sprangde mitt kyliga mak; ej ifran himmelen mer skiljer mig sparrande tak. Gossar i gyllene sand trycka vid sjon sina fjat; fiskareflickan pa strand vittjar sitt glittrande nat. 20 Sno vilar annu pa jord, dock ar befrielsen nar: varens osagliga ord halvsagt pa tungan jag bar. Backar och svalor och barn, tumlen er hurtigt i ring ! Stenar och kvistar och flarn finnas till lek runt omkring. Sol, mina hjartblad alltren, vita med gronskande spets vaga sig fram i ditt sken, halsa din blanande krets. Nasten vid taklist, i topp, 25 10 kvarnar vid mullrande fall, byggen i tavling dem opp, anda tills dagen ar all! Stralarna slita i tu skyarnas tockniga talt; svalorna anlanda nu, backarna dansa sa snallt. 15 Syskon, jag glades med er; dagern ej mera ar skymd. 30 Gudomens oga, du ler genom den lyckliga rymd. EOLSHARPAN. Gyllne oar, blaa sjoar, skadade vid vasterns bryn ! Molnens under, anglars lunder, 5 skymtande forbi min syn ! Ack, forgaves sucken haves till en varld, som han ej nar. Smidd vid jorden, 10 Svensk diktnifig. i. smidd vid norden, fafangt himlen jag forstar. • Nar i stilla kvallens villa skuggan smeker Ijusets kind; 15 nar fran ovan sandes gavan av en onskad vilas vind : 50 PER DANIEL AMADEUS ATTERBOM vaknar sangen, lossas fangen 20 av en okand andes hand, lyssnar angen viskar strangen aningens forstulna brand. Grona hackar, 25 klara backar, balsamluft och fagelns drill, trogna minnen, rena sinnen, blott bland dem jag horas vill. 30 I det hoga fastets oga ser jag livets oskuldsglans, och de veka Ijuden leka, 35 liksom skona barn i dans. Blomstren nicka bifall, blicka tacksamt upp till fangens rum. Mangen tarna 40 drojer garna i min nejd, av vallust stum. Ljuvt de dromma, • Ijuvt de glomma, att mitt valljud mig f6rtar.45 Nar jag lugnar andra, hugnar ej ett eko mitt begar. Manen strimmar, nattens timmar 50 oppna snart min dunkla grav. Strangen brister ; kail och bister, stormen gungar somnens hav. Fjarran skilda, 55 sta de milda rorelser av domnad lust. Endast langtan, endast trangtan klingar i min sista pust. 60 Nar mitt slaktes andar vacktes, jorden steg ur vattnet opp. Dimman holjde, daggen skoljde 65 unga rosenjungfruns kropp. Genom dimma se vi glimma vad vart liv, var karlek tant, och i taren 70 soker varen moderns forsta element. ERIK GUSTAV GEIJER. Pa dagen tva manader efter Tegner foddes den 12 januari 1783 den man, vars namn jamte Tegners skuUe bliva svenska litteraturens storsta under adertonhundra- talet: Erik Gustav Geijer. Hans fader var brukspatron och innehade Ransaters jjirnbruk i Varmland. Barndoms- hemmet med sin stranga fornaldriga tukt och sitt varma intresse for diktning och musik liksom hela hembygden med dess vildskona berg, djupa skogar och skummande alvar giva at Geijers verksamhet hela livet igenom: hans diktning, hans tonkonst, hans havdateckning, en pragel av manligt allvar och adel kraft parad med en viss drom- mande innerlighet. Lekar och idrottsovningar fostra ho- nom till en stark och hurtig yngling. Efter avslutade skolstudier inskrevs Geijer hostterminen 1799 vid Uppsala universitet. Radvillheten om hans stu- diers mal forlanade en viss planloshet at hans arbete, som, sakerligen ofortjant, gav honom rykte for "bristande stad- ga". Detta omdome sporrade Geijer till ett djarvt forsok att visa, vad han dugde till, och han beslot tillkampa sig ett pris i svenska akademien ■ — • storre vitter utmarkelse kunde enligt den tidens begrepp ingen vinna. Geijer har sjalv livligt skildrat, hur han lyckades skaffa sig reda pa prisamnet (Areminne over Sten Sture d. a.), hur han i smyg forskaflade sig papper och gomde manuskriptet, allt efter som det ark for ark blev fardigt, bakom en bjalke uppe pa vinden, hur han i hemlighet avsande det, med vilken spanning han vantade pa utgangen och vilken glad- je, som grep honom och alia hans narmaste vid under- rattelsen om att han fatt stora priset. Denna stora framgang vid blott tjugo ars alder gjorde med ens Geijers namn kant, och stora forhoppningar fastes vid honom. Han svek dem ej. Ar 18 15 utnamnd till adjunkt i historia holl han som sadan offentliga forelas- 52 ERIK GtrSTAV GEIJER ningar, vilka vackte mycken uppmarksamhet och drogo stora ahorareskaror. Samtidigt utvecklade han en rik lit- terar verksamhet i det s. k. Gotiska forbundet, en sani- manslutning som avsag befordrandet och havdandet av det nationella och folkegna. Ar 1817 utnamndes Geijer till professor i historia. Nagra ar senare stalldes han under tryckfrihetsatal pa grund av en fiolosfisk skrift, i vilken man tyckte sig finna fran den rena evangeliska laran av- vikande meningar. Straffet for dylika forseelser var pa den tiden synnerligen strangt, och Geijer hade allaredan sina saker packade, f ardig att ga i landsflykt, nar han emel- lertid till universitetets och hela landets gladje blev fri- kand. Som larare var han ofantligt hogt uppburen saval av sina kolleger som av de studerande, och hans namn kan an raknas som Uppsala universitets storsta. Sjalv var han varmt intresserad av sitt arbete, och hellre an, att uppgiva det avbojde han utnamning bade till statsrad och till bis- kop. Ar 1846 flyttade han, efter erhallet avsked, till Stockholm for att vara riksarkivet med dess handlingar narmare. Lange^fick han dock ej har fortsatta sin histo- riska forskargarning. Redan foljande var avled han, den 23 april 1847. Geijer ar en av den svenska odlingens storman. Hela sitt liv igenom var han en arlig sanningssokare, och aldrig ryggade han tillbaka for konsekvenserna av de resultat, vartill han under sitt sokande kommit. Ett slaende bevis harfor ar det omslag, som sa sent som 1838 agde rum i hans politiska asikter och som foranledde hans beryktade "avfall" fran det konservativa partiet och overgang till det liberala. Sin storsta betydelse ager Geijer sasom historieskrivare, men har aven gjort sig ett beromt namn sasom filosof och kompositor. I sin diktning framtradde han med ens sa- som fullmogen skald. Hans produktion ar ej synnerligen rik men till gengald ar allt, vad han giver, akta vara, aven om formen ej alltid ar fullt tillfredsstallande. Hans dikt- ning praglas av klarhet och verklighetstrohet. ERIK GUSTAV GEIJEE 53 VIKINGEN. Vid femton ars alder blev stugan mig trang, dar jag bodde med moder min. Att vakta pa gettren blev dagen mig lang; jag bytte om hag och sinn. Jag dromde, jag tankte — jag vet icke vad ; — 5 jag kunde som forr ej mer vara glad uti skogen. Med haftigt sinne pa fjallet jag sprang och sag i det vida hav. Mig tycktes sa Ijuflig boljornas sang, 10 dar de ga i det skummande hav. De komma fran fjarran, fjarran land; dem halla ej bojor, de kanna ej band uti havet. En morgon fran stranden ett skepp jag sag; — 15 som en pil in i viken det skot. Da svallde mig brostet, da brande min hag, da visste jag, vad mig trot. Jag lopp ifran gettren och moder min, och vikingen tog mig pa skeppet in 20 uppa havet. Och vinden med makt in i seglen lopp, vi flogo pa boljornas rygg. I blanande djup sjonk fjallets topp, och jag var sa glad och sa trygg. 25 Jag faders rostiga svard tog i hand och svor att erovra mig rike och land uppa havet. 54 EKIK GUSTAV GEIJEK Vid sexton ars alder jag vikingen slog, som skallde mig skagglos och vek. 30 Jag sjokonung blev, over vattnen drog uti harnadens blodiga lek. Jag landgang gjorde, vann borgar och slott och med mina kampar cm rovet drog lott uppa havet. 35 Ur hornen vi tomde da mjodets must med makt pa den stormande sjo. Fran vagen vi harskade pa var kust. I Valland jag tog mig en mo; i tre dagar grat hon, och sa blev hon nojd, 40 och sa stod vart brollop med lekande frojd uppa havet ! En gang aven jag agde lander och borg och drack under sotad as och drog for rike och menighet sorg 45 och sov inom vaggar och las. Det var en hel vinter; den syntes mig lang, och fast jag var kung, var dock jorden mig trang emot havet. Jag ingenting gjorde, men hade ej ro 50 for att hjalpa var hjalplos gack. Till mur vill man ha mig kring bondens bo och till las for tiggarens sack. Pa sakoren, edging och tjuvar och ran jag horde mig matt; vor jag langt darifran 55 uppa havet ! Sa bad jag. Men han gick ock vintern lang, och med sippor stranderna stros, och boljorna sjunga Iter sin sing och klinga: "Till sjoss, till sjoss!" 60 Och varvindar spela i dal och i hojd, och strommarna fria storta med frojd uti havet. EEIK GUSTAV GEIJEH 55 Da grep mig det forna osynliga band, mig lockade boljornas ras. 65 Jag strodde mitt guld over stader och land och slog min krona i kras och, fattig som forr, med ett skepp och ett svard emot okanda mal drog i vikingafard uppa havet. 70 Som vinden fria, vi lekte med lust pa fjarran svallande sjo. Vi manniskan sago pa frammande kust pa samma satt leva och do. Bekymren med henne stads bosatta sig, 75 men sorgen hon kanner ej vikingens stig uppa havet. Och ater bland kampar jag spejande stod efter skepp i det fjarran bla. Kom vikingasegel, da galldcdet blod; 80 kom kramarn, sa fick han ga. Men blodig, ar segren den tappre vard, och vikingavanskap den knytes med svard uppa havet. Stod jag mig om dagen a gungande stav, 85 i glans for mig framtiden lag. Sa roHg som svanen i gungande sav jag fordes pa brusande vag. Mitt var da vart byte, som kom i mitt lopp, och fritt som omatliga rymden mitt hopp uppa havet. Men stod jag om natten a gungande stav och den ensliga vagen rot, da horde jag nornorna virka sin vav i den storm genom rymden skot. 95 Likt manskornas oden ar boljornas svall; bast ar vara fardig for medgang som fall uppa havet. 56 ERIK GUSTAV GBIJEK Jag tjugu ar fyllt. Da kom ofarden snar, och sjon nu begarar mitt blod. lOO Han kanner det val : ban det forr druckit bar, dar hetaste striden stod. Det brinnande hjarta det klappar sa fort; det snart skall fa svalka a kylig ort uti bavet. • 105 Dock klagar jag ej mina dagars tal: snabb var, men god deras fart. Det gar ej en vag blott till gudarnas sal, och battre ar hinna den snart. Med dodssang de Ijudande boljor ga; no pa dem bar jag levat, min grav skall jag fa uti havet. Sa sjunger pa ensliga klippans hall den skeppsbrutne viking bland branningars svall. I djupet sjon honom river. 115 Och boljorna sjunga ater sin sang, och vinden vaxlar sin lekande gang; men den tappres minne, det — bliver. ODALBONDEN. A bergig as, dar star mitt bus hogt over skog och sjo. Dar sag jag forsta dagens Ijus, och dar vill jag ock do. Ma ho som vill ga kring varldens rund, vare herre och drang den det kan ; men jag star heist pa min egen grund och ar heist min "^gen man. BEIK GUSTAV 6BIJBE 57 Mig lockar icks arans namn, hon bor dock i mitt brost. lo Min skord ej gror i ryktets famn, jag skar den lugn var host. Den varlden beharskar bar tusende ben och val tusende armar dartill; men svart ar dem rora. Min arm ar ej sen ' 1 5 att fora ut, vad jag vill. Jag tror ej boljans falska lopp, som far forutan ro. Den fasta jord hon ar mitt hopp, hon visar evig tro. 20 Hon narer mig ur sin hulda barm den tid, som mig odet gav; hon fattar mig sakert, hon haller mig varm, da jag dor, uti djupan grav. • Ej buller alskar jag och bang; 25 vad stort sker, det sker tyst. Snart marks ej spar av stormens gang, av blixten, sen den lyst. Men tyst lagger tiden stund till stund, och du taljer dock icke bans dar ; 30 och tyst fly ter boljan i havets grund, fast regnbacken skralande far. Sa gar ock jag en stilla stig: man spor om mig ej stort; och mina broder likna mig, 35 var en uppa sin ort. Vi reda for landet den narande saft, vi foda det: brodet ar vart. Av OSS har det halsa, av oss bar det kraft, och bloder det, blodet ar vart. 40 58 BKIK 6USTAV GEIJER Var plaga har sitt skri for sig, men halsan tiger still; darfor man talar ej om mig, som vore jag ej till. De valdige herrar med skri och med dan 45 sla riken och byar omkull; tyst bygga dem bonden och hans son, som sa uti blodbestankt mull. Mig mycken lardom ej ar tung: jag vet blott, vad ar mitt. 50 Vad ratt ar, ger jag Gud och kung och njuter resten fritt. De larde, de rike, de braka sitt vett att rona, vars ratt som ar god. Mig ren ar den ratt, som man varvt med sin svett 55 och som man varjt med sitt blod. Jag gar ej stadigt stugan kring, ty blir mig hagen varm, jag vandrar opp till Svea ting, med skolden pa min arm. 60 Med mang ord talar var lagman ej for kungen i allman sak, men kraftigt ar allmogens ja eller nej under vapnens skallande brak. Och om till krig han uppbad ger, 65 sa ga vi man ur gard. Dar kungen staller sitt baner, dar drabbar striden hard. For alskade panten i moders famn, for fader, for hem vi slass, 70 EBIK GUSTAV GEIJEB 59 och kanner ej ryktet vart dunkla namn, Svea konungar kanna oss. Sa sjunger glatt vid sprakande spis i den kalla vinterkvall den gamle man uppa bondevis 75 med soner sin i sitt tjall. Han sitter och taljer sin alders stav. Ma hans att ej i Sverige se slut ! Val bondens minne sanks uti grav, men hans verk varar tiden ut. 8o PA NYARSDAGEN 1838. Ensam i bracklig farkbst vagar seglaren sig pa det vida hav; stjarnvalvet over honom lagar, nedanfor brusar hemskt hans grav. Framat ! — sa ar hans odes bud ; och i djupet bor, som uti himlen, Gud. ESAIAS TEGNER. Den 13 november 1782 foddes i Kyrkerud i Varmland den svenske skald, som under nara ett sekel skulle fore- tradesvis representera svensk diktning inom varldslittera- turen och som skulle bliva sitt tidevarvs sangarkung i Sverge : Esaias Tegner. Fadern, som var prast, avled, da Esaias var endast nio ar gammal, och efterlamnade sin familj i ganska torftiga omstandigheter. Efter nagra ars undervisnihg dels av modern dels av aldre broder erhoU gossen av en van till familjen, Jakob Branting, anstallning som skrivare pa dennes kronofogdekontor. Branting, som blivit uppmarksam pa gossens stora begavning, fann snart, att denne var for god att sitta hos honom och skriva siff- ror, och beredde honom tillfalle till fortsatta studier for sin aldre broder. Nar denne foljande ar tilltradde en in- formatorsbefattning hos brukspatron Myhrman pa Ramen, foljde Esaias med honom dit. Pa hosten 1799 inskrevs Tegner vid Lunds universitet. Efter nigra ars tragna studier — han laste ofta 18 a 20 timmar cm dygnet — erovrade han filosofie doktorsgraden och anstalldes som decent vid universitetet. Ar 1806 hemforde han sin ungdomsalskade, Anna Myhrman, som sin brud. Redan da hade Tegner gjort sig kand som skald, men det var forst med sin "Sang till skdnska lantvarnet" (1808), som bans skalderykte spreds i vidare kretsar for att sedan ytterligare befastas genom bans "Svea" (1811). Annu gar emellertid hans diktning huvudsakligast i gam- mal, den "akademiska skolans", riktning och saknar full sjalvstandighet. Han bar annu ej funnit sig sjalv, och det ar forst vid tiden omkring 1812 Tegner blir Tegner. Detta ar betecknar ett viktigt stadium i Tegners liv. Han utnamnes da till professor i grekiska och vinner som sadan ej blott en tryggad ekonomisk stallning utan ocksa • ESAIAS lEQNEK 61 sallspord framgang och uppmuntran. Allt oftare och allt rikare klingar ocksa bans lyra, och han blir snart hela landets alsklingsskald. Ar 1817 haller han vid reforma- tionsfesten sitt beromda jubeltal, det kanske yppersta a svenskt sprak, "tankerikt, uddigt, blandande, och 1818 in- valjes han i svenska akademien. I ovannamnda tal liksom ock senare i sin "Epilog vid magisterpromotionen 1820" utvecklar Tegner sin stand- punkt till tidens stromningar och sarskilt till den i Sverge pagaende litterara striden mellan romantiken och den aka- demiska riktningen. Han framhaller badas ensidiga over- drifter, icke minst fosforisternas brist pa klarhet i tanke och uttryck, men bans egen diktning visar dock "tydlig paverkan fran romantiken, och ditat drogs han ock av sin naturliga laggning. Han kan sagas sammansmalta detta romantiska drag med ett klassiskt, och sarskilt torde bans fortroliga bekanskap med den grekiska forntidens litteratur varit av betydelse for formskonbeten och klarheten i bans skaldskap. Men dess mest utmarkande drag ar dock det nationellt-fosterldndska, den aktsvenska stamning, som vilar over allt Tegner skrivit. Hans sprak ager en blan- dande glans och en rikedom pa praktfulla, snillrika bilder. Mest bekant av alia bans dikter ar "Frithiofs saga", vars Ijusa hjaltegestalt i sa mycket bar skaldens egna drag. Tegner kallades 1824 till biskop i Vaxio, och de nya oHkartade 'aligganden, detta ambete medforde, verkade hammande pa bans diktning. Dartill bidrog ock en svar inre kris, som skalden vid denna tid genomgatt. Dock formadde han annu skapa sadana masterverk som sangen "Vid svenska akademiens femtidra minneshogtid" ; ett praktstycke av oratorisk poesi. Det i bans slakt arftliga svarmodet slog 1840 ut i full sinnessjukdom. Han sokte bpt a en utlandsk vardanstalt och blev ocksa sa pass aterstalld, att han redan foljande ar kunde aterupptaga sin ambetsutovning, men bans kraft var for alltid bruten. Ett slaganfall 1844 forebadade att doden icke var langt borta, och den 2 november 1846 drog den trotte sangaren sin sista suck. 62 ESAIAS TEGNfSR - FLYTTFaGLARNA. Sa hett skiner solen pa Nilvagen ner, och palmerna ge ingen skugga mer. Da griper oss langtan till fadernejorden, och tagt forsamlas. Mot norden, mot norden ! Och djupt under fottren vi se som en grav 5 den gronskande jorden, det blanande hav, och oron och stormen var dag sig fornyar ; men vi f ara f ria med himmelens skyar. Och hogt mellan fjallen, dar ligger en ang; dar nedslar var skara, dar redes var sang. 10 Dar lagga vi agg under kyliga polen, dar klacka vi ut dem vid midnattssolen. Ej jagaren hinner var fredliga dal. Dar halla gullvingade alvor sin bal. Gronmantlade skogsfrun spatserar i kvallen, 15 och dvargarna hamra sitt guld ini fjallen. Men Iter pa bergen star Vindsvales son och skakar de snoiga vingar med dan, och hararna vitna, och ronndruvan gloder, och taget forsamlas. Mot soder, mot soder ! 20 Till gronskande angar, till Ijummande vag, till skuggande palmer star ater var hag. Dar vila vi ut fran den luftiga farden, dar langta vi ater till nordliga varlden. JJSAIAS TEGNlCR 63 Ur SPRaKEN. Franskan. JoUrande hoppar du fram och Ijuger och komplimenterar, dock ar din artighet tack, dock ar ditt laspande sott. Hylla vi langre dig ej som drottning for systrarna alia, annu som sallskapsdam lyssna vi garna till dig. Skona oss blott fran din sang; den ar som en dans av de dove : 5 fotterna rora de val, takten fornimma de ej. Engelskan. Sprak for de stammande gjort, vart ord ar ett embryon hos dig, en halft stoter du fram, en halft svaljer du ner. Allt i ditt fadernesland med angmaskiner bedrives; karaste, skaffa dig snart en for din tunga ocksa. lo Tyskan. Frisk, starklemmad och grov, en jungfru fostrad i skogen, smidig darjamte och skon; endast ar munnen for bred. Litet raskare ock! Lagg av din flegma, att icke meningens borjan ar glomd, innan man hinner dess slut. SVENSKAN. Arans och hjaltarnas sprak! Hur adelt och manligt du ror dig! 15 Ren ar som malmens din klang, saker som solens din gang. Vistas pa hojderna du, dar askan och stormarna tala, dalarnas lagre behag aro ej gjorda for dig. Spegla ditt anlet i sjon, och friskt fran de manliga dragen tvatta det frammande smink, kanske det snart ar for sent. 20 64 ESAIAS IJEGNilK SANG TILL SOLEN. Dig jag sjunger en sang, du hogtstralande sol! Kring din konungastol djupt i blanande natt har du varldarna satt 5 som vasaller. Du ser pa de bedjande ner, men i Ijus ar din gang. Se, naturen ar dod! Natten, valnaders van, 10 pa dess bleknade prakt har sitt bartacke lagt. Mangen nattlampa ser uti sorghuset ner. Men du stiger igen 15 utur ostern i glod. Som en ros ur sin knopp vaxer skapelsen opp: den far liv, den far farg; men du nedblickar glad 20 pa de gnistrande blad, pa de flammande berg. Livets rinnande flod, som var frusen och stod, nu framsorlar han mild 25 med din vaggande bild, tills du nedblickar sval mot den vastliga sal, dar for anande hopp, dar for uttrottad dygd 30 till de saligas bygd springa portarna opp. O, du himmelens son, vadan kommer du fran? Var du med, var du med, 35 da den Evige satt och i Ijusnande natt sadde flammande sad? Eller stod du kanske vid bans osedda tron 40 — over varlden star hon — att som angel tillbe, tills du stolt ej fordrog, vad fran tronen befalls, och han vredgad dig tog 45 over stralande hals och dig hov med forakt som en boll i det bla att forkunna anda bans fornekade makt? 50 Darfor ilar du an sa orolig, sa snar ; ingen trostande van bjuder vandraren kvar. Darfor annu ibland 55 drar du skyarnas dok over kindernas brand ; ty du sorjer den dag, da dig hamnaren vrok ur sitt heliga lag 60 och du foil fran bans knan uti oknarna han. Sag mig, blir du ej trott pa din odsliga gang? Blir ej vagen dig lang, 65 som sa ofta du nott? I mang tusende ar har du kommit igen, och dock grana ej an KSAIAS TEGNEE 65 dina gullgula har. 70 Som en hjalte gar du pa din glansande stig; dina harar annu valva trygge kring dig. Men det kommer en stund,75 da din gyllene rund springer sender. Dess knall manar varlden till fall, och som ramlande hus storta skapelsens horn 80 efter dig uti grus, och den flygande tid lik en vingskjuten orn faller dod dar bredvid. Far en angel da fram, 85 dar du fordomdags sam som en gyllene svan genom bla ocean, se, da blickar han stum kring de odsliga rum; 90 men dig finner han ej, ty din provning har slut, och forsonad alltnog, dig den Evige tog som ett barn pa sin arm, 95 och nu vilar du ut invid faderlig barm. Val, sa rulla ditt klot uti Ijus, och ga glatt din forklaring emot! 100 Efter langvarig natt skall jag se dig en gang i ett skonare bla. Jag skall halsa dig da med en skonare sang. 105 KARL XII. Kung Karl, den unge hjalte, han stod i rok och damm. Han drog sitt svard f ran balte och brot i striden fram. "Hur svenska stalet biter, 5 kom, lat OSS prova pa! Ur vagen, moskoviter! Friskt mod, I gossar bla!" Och en mot tio stalldes av retad vasason. 10 Dar flydde, vad ej f alldes — det var bans larospan. Tre konungar tillhopa ej skrevo pilten bud. Svensk diktning. 5. Lugn stod han motEuropa,iS en skagglos dundergud. Graharad statskonst lade de snaror ut med hast. Den hoge yngling sade ett ord, och snaran brast. 20 Hogbarmad, smart, gullharig, en ny Aurora kom ; fran kampe tjuguarig hon vande ohord om. Dar slog sa stolt ett hjar- ta 25 66 ESAIAS TEGN£k. uti bans svenska barm, i gladje som i smarta blott for det ratta varm. I med- ocb motgang lika, sin lyckas overman, ban kunde icke vika; blott falla kunde ban. 30 Se, nattens stjarnor blossa pa graven langesen, ocb bundraarig mossa 35 betacker bj aliens ben. Det barliga pa jorden, forganglig ar dess lott : bans minne uti Norden ar snart en saga blott. 40 Dock an till sagan lyssnar det gamla sagoland, ocb dvargalaten tystnar mot resen efter band. An bor i Nordens lundar 45 den boge anden kvar ; ban ar ej dod, ban blundar, bans blund ett sekel var. Boj, Svea, kna vid griften! Din storste son goms dar. 50 Las notta minnesskriften ! Din bjaltedikt hon ar. Med blottat huvud stiger historien dit och lar, ocb svenska aran viger 55 sin segerfana dar. SANGEN. Har du betraktat diktens lunder med gyllne frukt i lovens skygd ? Och silverbackar ga darunder ocb leka i den grona bygd. Hur skont de glada landskap skifta i morgonrodnans purpurfarg! Hur hoppets grona fanor vifta uppa de solbeglansta berg! Vi klagar skalden da? Hans flamma, ar hon ej goda gudars Ian ? Vi sorjer ban, den otacksamma, det Eden ban ej drevs if ran? Har han ej kvar annu dess dalar med gronkladd var, med gyllne host? Ocb sjunga ej dess naktergalar alltjamt ur djupet av bans brost? 10 15 ESAIAS tebn£r 67 Med himmelsk frojd den gudasande omfamnai- livet som en brud. Var inre syn, bans hjarta tande, ban praglar ut i bild ocb Ijud. 20 Den varld, som i bans barm lag fangen, se, fram i dagen bar bon gatt. En evig langtan ar ej sangen, ban ar eh evig seger blott. Giv akt ! Den boga genius svingar 25 med klang utover bav ocb jord, med morgonrodnaden till vingar, med manteln av en majsky gjord, sa glad som fagelns morgonkvitter, sa stark som askan, da bon slar, 30 och evigbetens cirkel sitter, bland rosor gomd, omkring bans bar. Han vet ej av den morka sagan om tranad utan mod ocb bopp. Han kanner ej den veka klagan, 35 ej missljud, som ej losas opp. Hans saknad ar en flod, som brusar melodiskt mot det sokta bav; bans suck ar vindens lek, som susar emellan blomstren pa en grav. 40 Hans tempel star i Ijus ocb lagor, en kalla sorlar vid dess mur ; fran tidens botten ga dess vagor, ocb skalden dricker kraft darur. Mot varje kval, bans bjarta sarar, 45 dess halsodryck en lakdom fatt. Den kalian ar ej jordens tarar, nej, bon ar himlens spegel blott. Valan, ur kalian vill jag dricka med mod, om jag ar drycken vard. 50 68 ESAIAS TKGNJiE Med friska ogon vill jag blicka omkring mig i den sjuka varld. Den gyllne lyran skall ej klinga om kval, dem sjalv jag diktat har, ty skaldens sorger aro inga 55 och sangens himmel evigt klar. Sa lange over tappra fader det stjarnerika gravvalv hangs; sa lange friska nordanvader an sjunga Sveas barn till sangs : — 60 sa lange nordens brost bevare sin underskona stammas gang, och berg och dalar atersvare den manliga, den svenska sang! MJALTSJUKAN. Jag stod pa hojden av min levnads branter, dar vattendragen dela sig och ga med skummig bolja han at skilda kanter; klart var daruppe, dar var skont att sta. Jag sag at solen och dess anforvanter, som, sen hon slocknat, skina i det bla; jag sag at jorden, hon var gron och harlig, och Gud var god, och manniskan var arlig. Da stag en mjaltsjuk svartalf upp, och plotsligt bet sig den svarte vid mitt hjarta fast; 10 och se, pa en gang allt blev tomt och odsligt, och sol och stjarnor morknade i hast; mitt landskap, nyss sa glatt, lag morkt och hostligt, var lund blev gul, var blomsterstangel brast. All livskraft dog i mitt forfrusna sinne, 15 allt mod, all gladje vissnade darinne. ESAIAS 'EEGKfiE 69 Vad vill mig verkligheten med sin doda, sin stumma massa, tryckande och ra? Hur hoppet bleknat, ack, det rosenroda! Hur minnet multnat, ack, det himmelsbla! 20 Och sjalva dikten! Dess lindansarmoda, dess luftsprang har jag sett mig matt uppa. Dess gyckelbilder tillfredsstalla ingen, losskummade fran ytan utav tingen. Dig, manskoslakte, dig bor jag dock prisa, 25 Guds avbild du, hur traffande, hur sann ! Tva logner har du likval till att visa: en heter kvinna och den andra man. Om tro och ara finns en gammal visa; hon sjunges bast, nar man bedrar varann. 30 Du himlabarn, hos dig det enda sanna ar kainsmarket, inbrant pa din panna. Ett lasligt marke, av Guds finger skrivet ! Vi gav jag forr ej pa den skylten akt? Det gar en liklukt genom manskolivet, 35 forgiftar varens luft och sommarns prakt. Den lukten ar ur graven, det ar givet; grav muras till, och marmorn stalls pa vakt. Men ack, forruttnelse ar livets anda, stangs ej av vakt, ar overallt tillhanda. 40 Sag mig, du vaktare, vad natten lider! Tar det da aldrig nagot slut darpa! Halvatne manen skrider jamt och skrider, gratogda stjarnor ga alltjamt och ga. Min puis slar fort som i min ungdoms tider, 45 men plagans stunder hinner han ej sla. Hur lang, hur andlos ar vart pulsslags smarta ! O, mitt fortarda, mitt forblodda hjarta! Mitt hjarta? I mitt brost finns intet hjarta, en urna blott med livets aska i. 50 70 ESAIAS TEGN^E Forbarma dig, du grona moder Herta, och lat den urnan en gang jordf ast bli ! Hon vittrar bort i luften ; jordens smaita, i jorden ar hon val anda forbi, och tidens hittebarn, har satt i skolen, 55 far kanske se sin fader bortom solen. VID SVENSJCA AKADEMIENS FEMTIARA MINNESHOGTID. Jag stod pa stranden under kungaborgen, nar dagens oro antlig sortinad var och ode voro gatbrna och torgen och pa kung Gustavs stod sken manen klar. Dar lag ett uttryck i de milda dragen, 5 som nar det askat i en fredlig dal, och hjalten var dar, men jamval behagen, en segerkrans, men som bland blommor tagen, en blick, till halften orn, till halften naktergal. Forunderliga makt, som konstnarn ager! 10 Se anden, fardig si till strids som sangs, en bild, som oss sin egen saga sager, en levande gustaviad i brons! Ja, sadan var ban, nar ban kom ur striden, men sadan aven, nar han got sin sjal 15 i folket in bland konsterna och friden, tj'" stora andar ge sin form at tiden, och Gustavs tidevarv bar Gustavs drag jamval. Min barndom foil uti bans solskensstunder. Jag minns den tiden ; bur den ar mig kar 20 med sin forhoppning, sina sangarunder och allt det nya liv, som rordes dar! Det var som varen, nar bans varma droppar ur blanad sky och loser vinterns tvang : ESAlAS EEGNliK 71 da leka djur, da svalla lundens knoppar, 25 och kinden fargas, manskohjartat hoppar, och allt omkring ar lust och mod och fagelsang. De gamle karoliner hade somnat i blatt och kyller ifran splitets dar, som allt forsokt och ingenting fullkomnat, 30 da ingen kung och ingen ara var. Vad Norden evigt vill, en kung, som kanner sin egen kraft, stod ater fram i glans, och dar vart ordning ibland frie manner, och makt och lydnad blevo ater vanner, 35 och allt var glatt och tryggt vid tanken, att han fanns. I purpur satt fortjusaren pa tronen, och spiran var en trollstav : med var stund dar vaxte nya hjartan i nationen och nya blommor, fast pa jarnmangd grund. 40 Var gamla drom om bragder*och om ara forflyttades till nagon fredlig trakt, dar ek och lager sina kroner bara och milde vise Ijus och seder lara, och styrkan skar sitt skagg, och vettet blev en makt. 45 Den svenska aran brot sig nya banor i tankens obesokta land : Linne stod segersall bland sina blomsterfanor, oskyldig, alskvard, konstlos liksom de; Melanderhjelm beraknar himlafarden 50 for manens skiva, for planetens ring, nar Scheele skedar skapelsen i harden och Bergman drar grundritningen till varlden och havdernas mystar rannsakar Lagerbring. Och har, dar Malarn gjuts i Ostervagor 55 och kungastaden mitt i skogen ar, vad sydligt liv inunder norrskenslagor, vad sangartempel pa de ode skar ! 72 ESAIAS lEQNllIB Det spralc, vars toner ligga mitt emellan vad Norden djupt, vad Sodern klangfullt har, 60 ett bortglomt barn, som kom i samkvam sallan, steg fram och speglade sin bild i kalian och hapnade att se, hur hogt, hur skont det var. Och da sjong Gyllenborg, en maktig ande, fast stundom rimfrost pa bans vingar lag. 65 Ack, klippor finnas, dar vi alia strande, och aven dikten har sin frusna vag. Men stark var bagen, som den adle spande, och pilen skarp, som sokte opp sitt mal, och allt, vad manskohjartat djupast kande, 70 steg fram och grat i Mdnniskans eldnde en djup, oandlig suck, vart slaktes modersmal. Bredvid bans sida, drommande och stilla, satt Creutz och band pa rosor utan tagg och diktade om Atis och Camilla 75 en sang av vastanvind och morgondagg. Den sangen ar en drom ur gyllne aren, en gang i livet av vart hjarta dromd, fast ej sa skon, fast ej sa himlaboren, en sang, sa Ijuv som larkornas om varen, 80 6m, enkel, oskuldsfuU — och darfor ar ban glomd. Giv plats, giv plats, ty Nordens vingud nalkas, och sangen svarmar kring bans vigda mund. Hor, hur ban skamtar! Se, hur glatt ban skalkas bland nymferna uti den grona lund ! 85 Men ack, bans gladje ligger ej i katinan, ej i idyller, som han kring sig strott : bans druckna oga soker an en annan, och mark det vemodsdraget over pannan, ett nordiskt sangardrag, en sorg i rosenrott ! 90 I Djurgardsekar, susen vanligt over den storste sangarns bild, som Norden bar! ESAiAS tegnIk 73 det finns ej tid, som dessa toner sover ; det finns ej land, som deras like har: en sang, som vaxer vild och likval ansad, 95 bar konstens pragel, men forsmar dess tvang, till half ten medvetslos, till half ten sansad, en gudadans, pa gudaberget dansad med faun och gratie och sangmo pa en gang. Darnast hor Lidner: "Gravens portar knarra 100 pa troga gangjarn, domen forestar, och lampans matta sken pa marmorn darra, och midnattsklockan ifran tornet slar." Forstord, forvissnad fore mogningsstunden, en rik, men sonderbruten harmoni, 105 en genius, ack, for djupt i stoftet bunden, hur omt begrater ban i lagerlunden var likes kval ! Du hor bans eget daruti. • •■ Men som en stilla sommarkvall pa landet, nar daggen darrar uti blomsterskaln no och aftonrodnan knyter rosenbandet kring vasterns lockar, kring de latta moln, pa angen samla sig till dans de unga, de gamla till radplagningar i byn, sitt matta guld i vinden skordar gunga, 1 1 5 var och blomma doftar, alia faglar sjunga, f rid och salighet se ner ur aftonskyn ; sa ar det i din sang, o Oxenstierna: Italiens himmel over Nordens berg ! Din sangargratie ar en sydlig tarna 120 och sydlig aven gloden av din f arg. Vad solglans ligger over Dagens stunder! Hur klangfull lian genom Skorden gar! Och Hoppet, livets trost och diktens under, hur blev det diktat under furulunder? 125 Jag undrar mangen gang, men glads, att du var var. 74 ESAIAS lEGNlsIB Och Kellgren, som av "skonhet och behagen OSS an en ren och himmelsk urbild ger" ! Sen Nya skapehen statt fram i dagen, vad ha vi andra till att skapa mer? 130 Hur klingar svenska lyran i hans hander : hur ren var ton, hur skar, hur silverklar ! Ack, i mitt ora, vart jag ocksa lander, den diktens grundton standigt atervander, en dunkel melodi if ran min barndoms dar. 135 Men vad ar- lyrisk klang pa silvervagor och evig blomdof t uti blanad luf t ? Den adle skalden bar ock andra fragor, och skonhet vill ban, men jamval fornuft. Nar Kellgrens snille slog de stora slagen, 140 de blixtrande, for sanning, ratt och vett, i skamt och allvar, hur det flog for dagen kring land och rike och envar betagen sprang upp och undrade, att ban ej forr det sett ! Roms sangargudar flyttade till Norden 145 med Adlerbeth - — en romare, i slakt med dem till andan, icke blott till orden — och tjuste ater i sin nya drakt. Och Rosenstein, sa bog som ban till sinnes, sa klassisk, bandet uti sangens krans, 150 fast icke sjalv en sangare — var finnes den svenske skald, som ej med tarar minnes en sjal, sa Ijus, sa ren, sa faderlig som bans? Och ban, som slot den langa sangarraden och levde lange for att sorja den, 155 en rosenkrans med taggar mellan bladen, behagens, skamtets, tankens, Gustavs van, han, som bar kronan i de vittras gille, en lagrad veteran i vettets sold, kanske ej framst som skald, men framst som snille, 160 som ville adelt, kunde, vad ban ville, den blinde siaren Tiresias-Leopold ! ESAIAS TEGNlfiK 75 Jag sjong hans drapa; minnets dottrar sjunga en dag och battre, vad han Sverige var, ty dar bor ovald uppa framtids tunga, 165 och all fortjanst till slut sin krona har. Han stod emellan tvenne sangartider, den enas varning och den andras stod ; men tid och sansning kampade hans strider, tills solen brot utur sitt moln omsider 170 och sjonk forstorad ner i gull och purpurglod. De gamla gyllne lyrorna ha tystnat, och deras klang ar klandrad eller glomd. Till manga toner ha vi sedan lyssnat, och strangt ar Gustavs sangarskola domd. 175 Naturen vaxlar, aven snillet trader i vaxlat skick for skilda tider f ram : i grekisk enkelhet, i galaklader, med lejonman, med skiftrik turturfjader ; men ett dess vasen ar ; val den» som det fornam ! 1 80 Dar lag ett skimmer over Gustavs dagar, fantastiskt, utlandskt, flardfullt, cm du vill; men det var sol dari, och, hur du klagar, var stodo vi, om de ej varit till ? All bildning star pa ofri grund till slutet, 185 blott barbarit var en gang fosterlandskt ; men vett blev plantat, jarnhart sprak blev brutet och sangen stamd och livet manskligt njutet, och vad gustaviskt var blev darfor aven svenskt. I hoga skuggor, adle sangarfader, 190 jag lagger kransen pa ert stoft i dag. En efter annan bland oss alia trader snart opp till eder uti stjarnstrott lag. Dar lit OSS sitta och se ner till Norden, fortjuste av vad skont, som bildas dar, 195 och strofvis om varannan satta orden till stjarnmusiken om den fosterj orden, som val forgatit oss, men dock ar oss sa kar ! ERIK JOHAN STAGNELIUS. Stagnelius intar en egendomlig och framskjuten stall- ning bland Sverges skalder. Han gor det saval pa grund av sin ensamhetsstallning — i litteraturhistorien benamnas han och Erik Sjoberg "enslingarna" — som ock pa grund av omfanget i sin diktkonst, som stracker sig at alia poe- siens omraden, och pa grund av arten av sitt snille: han diktade med sin reflektion lika mycket som med sin fantasi. Han foddes 1793 pa Oland, son till sedermera biskopen i Kalmar. Han var fran barndomen av nervos laggning och underligt skaplynne, vandrade heist for sig sjalv och drog sig undan kamraternas lekar. For studier visade han mycken hag och fallenhet. Efter avslutad kurs vid Upp- sala universitet inskrev han sig 181 5 i ett ambetsverk i Stockholm, dar han samvetsgrant och ordentligt skotte sina aligganden. Han led av en plagsam hjartsjukdom, och for att dova smartorna anvande han opium i allt storre kvantiteter. Pa morgonen den 3 april 1823 fanns han dod i sin sang. Av sin rika produktion utgav Stagnelius sjalv endast ett obetydligt antal Sanger och tva dramer, och detta till pa kopet anonymt. Forst efter bans dod blev bans diktning kand och uppskattad. Detta forakt for namnkunnighet och erkansla ar synnerligen karakteristiskt for Stagnelius, Bade i sitt enskilta liv och i sin diktning var han och ville han vara den ensamme. Sjalv fullblodig romantiker, vis- tades han i Uppsala 18 12 — 1814 under romantikens klang- och jubeldagar, delade med de unga fosforisterna sympatier och ideal, diktade och fantiserade i deras grannskap utan att gora nagons av dem personliga bekantskap. Han hade under atta ar i Stockholm dagligt sallskap i sitt arbete av tva litterara meningsfrander, Askelof och Almqvist, och ElUK JOHAN 8TA0NELIUS 77 de kande honom knappast. En Stagnelius-forskare har sagt, att om nagon begarde handgripliga bevis pa att Erik Johan Stagnelius skrivit de dikter, som nu bara bans namn, skulle man ej kunna framlagga sadana. Sa fullstandigt hade det lyckats skalden att isolera sig. Denna hemlig- hetsfullhet, med vilken ban omgav sig, har givit anledning till en mangd fabler om honom, bl. a. en olycklig karleks- saga, som ar bevisligt osann fran borjan till slut. Hans sjiilvvalda ensamhet hade icke sin grund i hat eller origi- nalitetsbegar eller i nagon lust att frassa i sin olycka och sin oforstadda genius. Han skotte sitt arbete monstergillt, och ban deltog, nar ban sa var tvungen, i sallskapslivet, forbindligt och artigt och ej utan munterhet. Men bade forstroelser och ambetsaligganden voro honom sa fullstan- digt likgiltiga; likasa manniskorna. Hela bans inre man- niska ar vand lyssnande mot en belt annan rymd, dit icke ens det flyktigaste eko av dagens liv tranger fram. Hans dikter visa oss vagen dit. De bara uppe en mystiskt filos^fisk askadning, fylld av varldssmarta och varldsforakt. Jorden ar ett fangelse for fallna andar, och vindens sus, kalians sorl och fagelns kvit- ter — allt detta ar uttryck for en langtan ban mot det oversinnliga, en sorgeklagan over ett avfall. Han ar ut- praglad egocentriker utan intresse for andra manniskor. Hans jag darrar av langtan att aterupptagas i det rena andelivet, drages mot centrum och icke mot nagot pa periferien. Hans produktion ar som namnt mycket rik. Utom ly- riska och episka dikter omfattar den ocksa ett flertal dra- matiska arbeten, vilka dock icke aro skrivna for scenen. I sin stil forenar ban romantisk fargglod med klassisk formskonhet. 78 ERIK JOHAN STA6NELIUS FLYTTFaGLARNE. Se faglarnes skara ! Till frammande land de suckande fara fran Gautjods strand. Med vadren de blanda 5 sitt klagande Ijud. Var skola vi landa? Vart for oss ditt bud ? Sa ropar den fjadrade skaran till Gud. Ljuvt traden da sankte kring tuvor sitt valv, dem parlor bestankte, dar tornrosen skalv. Nu skovlad ar eken, och rosen bar flytt. Av vindarna leken i storm sig forbytt. Av frostblommor vita ar maj- faltet prytt. 30 35 "Vi lamna med ore 10 de skandiska skar; vi trivdes, vi voro si lyckliga dar. I blommande lindar, dar nastet vi byggt, 15 balsamiska vindar OSS vaggade tryggt. Nu strackes mot okanda rym- der var flykt. de hav !' Vad gora vi langre i Norden? Dess pol blir dagligen trangre, mer dunkel dess sol. 40 Vad batar att kvida? Vi lamna en grav. Att fly i det vida Gud vingar oss gav. Sa varen oss halsade, brusan- 45 Med rosiga batten pa lockar av guld, satt midsommarsnatten i skogen sa huld. Ej kunde vi somna- — sa dejlig hon var — , « av vallust blott domna, tills morgonen klar oss vackte pa nytt fran brinnande char. 20 25 Sa faglarne kvada pa skyndande fard. Snart mottar de spada en skonare varld, dar rankorna skalva 50 i almarnas topp, dar backarne valva bland myrten sitt lopp och lundarne klinga av njut- ning och hopp. ERIK JOHAN STAONELIUS 79 Nar grymt sig forbyter 55 mot f ageln en strand ; 60 ditt jordiska val, pa hinsidan graven nar hostvinden ryter, ar aven ett land, grat icke, o sjiil! forgyllt av den eviga morgo- Det ler bortom haven nens brand. KREATURENS SUCKAN. Vad suckar hacken, vad nordans storm, som i tallen gnyr? Vad viskar backen, dar genom dalen ban sakta Ayr? Vad talar solen 5 fran kungastolen, vad nattens m;ine, som f rar^ polen stum blickar ner i dalens var ? Vad tanker rosen eller sippan? Vad menar klippan, 10 dar hotande och mork Hon star ? "Vi mena, vi tanka, vi sucka, vi tala: O manska, statt upp ur din nesliga dvala, och hoj dig till urlivets riken igen ! Om sjalv till ideernas varld du vill flytta, 15 i Ijusets ideer fran morkrets forbytta, som du vi, forklarade, folja dig an. Du sjalv i materiens bojor dig lade. Ack, samma forfarliga ode vi hade, ty folja vi maste, varthelst du oss for. 20 Gemens^m ar kraften, som magiskt oss driver. Befria blott tingen, och frigjord du bliver ; befria dig sjalv, och du fria dem gor." so BlUK JOHAN STAONELIUS NACKEN. Kvallens guldmoln fastet kransa, alvorna pa angen dansa, och den bladbekronte Nacken gigan ror i silverbacken. Liten pilt bland strandens pilar 5 i violens anga vilar, klangen hor fran kalians vatten, ropar i den stilla natten : "Arma gubbe, varfor spela? Kan det smartorna fordela? 10 Fritt du skog och mark ma liva, skall Guds barn dock aldrig bliva. Paradisets manskensnatter, Edens blomsterkronta slatter, Ijusets anglar i det hoga, 1 5 aldrig skadar dem ditt oga." Tarar gubbens anlet skolja; ned ban dyker i sin bolja. Gigan tystnar. Aldrig Nacken spelar mer i silverbacken. 20 NOTES. OLOV VON DALIN. VAevisa. 17. april here stands for the spirit of springtime. 18. all, for the modern Jiela, conforms more closely to English. 22. vor', arbitrary form of vore. This elision, formerly licensed, is no longer permissible. Modern writers use the indicative for the subjunctive in like cases, det vor' allt:= det vore slut (all gone). 33. for dig ej alcta, i. e., they are held as nothing in com- parison. Till kn rXgEL. 9. ty for ddrfiJr is an archaism, sometimes used for met- rical reasons; ty in the sense of tecause does not require the inverted order (vill jag). Ur Hebdekvade. 1. Celadon, in the pastoral poetry of various countries a favorite name for a sentimental rustic lover. Cf. the cor- responding character in Thomson's "The Seasons," which antedated Dalin's Herdaspel (Herdehvdde) ; also that of the early French pastoral poem "Astrge," by Honorg d'Urfg, where Celadon is a pastoral lover, doubtless the model for both Thomson's and Dalin's. The statement that Celadon, in French literature, is a stock name for a "courtly lover" (lut. Dictionary) seems somewhat misleading in view of the fact that Astrie was a pronounced contrast to the ro- mances of court life prevalent in the literature of the time when it was written (about 1610). — Note the force of the article — en Celadon. 6. tor, for tors (toras, to dare) ; tor, torde (may, might) is now an auxiliary verb only, the two being no longer interchangeable. 7. g&r...an, one of numerous combinations with an, which, separate or prefixed, is employed to convey shades Svensk diktning. 6. 82 SVENSK DIKTNING of meaning in great variety; here, the sense of possihillty (it cannot be, it will not do), but usually, with g&, the sense of propriety or tolerance (det gdr an, it is proper, permis- sible, you may properly do it). Used in its literal sense, gd an means to go on, keep it up, go ahead (cf. go to), the compound verb anga also differing widely in meaning. 10. Idter. . .sviiva, I'll let my escutcheon swing, i. e., I'll flaunt my newly acquired glory before the eyes of all. 12. sku' for sTcola, used freely by the early poets in the popular style of verse, is now obsolete, sTca (for both sg. and pi.) furnishing a convenient substitute. 30. fifocfc, archaic imperative of gd, conforming to gick. 31. suclca for, like Eng. sigh for, though modern Swedish requires efter with sucTca. 35. runt omkring, redundancy, like roundabout. 50. vanhar. Modern Swedish discriminates sharply be- tween the intransitive verb vanJca (to wander aimlessly) and the deponent vankas (to be had). In the formative period of modern Swedish differentiation was vague as in- stanced here and elsewhere (note 6), 53. Clin ieredda katt, tanned catskin, periphrase for purse. 59. vad ilev (det avj, what became of. 64. The contrasting farval and goddag give the key to the meaning of the latter. 2Jot lit., good day. HEDVIG CHARLOTTA NORDENFLYCHT. LEVNADS-BESI.UT. 3. som lyckan 'bjv.der fait, which wanton Fortune prof- fers. 7, 8. angslans-dok, sorge-eld. Poetic compounds like these are sometimes hyphened, although Swedish compounds re- quire no hyphen, except in specific cases. 8. sdker vila, secure retreat, cf. enslighet, line 1. 10, 12. forlileknat, uppteckriat, faulty rhyme, probably due to modernization of spelling, tekna being an earlier form. 13. upprepa is now rarely thus separated, owing to repa upp, unravel. 14. min', for mina; impermissible in modern style. 15. 'bekanter, antiquated form for iekant, still used col- loquially; om where modern usage requires med. NOTES 83 NOJE I ENSLIGHKT, 10. viivker mina tankars fart, rousest my dormant mind to action. 17. Thalia, the Muse personifying bucolic poetry. OvEli EX II Y AC J NT. 16. See uppfriska. 25. klandra no longer talies a preposition; here analogous with klaga pd, klaga an. 27. forandra used for forandra for the sake of the rhyme. 29. forfallna (for forfalna), probably influenced by fiir- falla (to fall into decay) as well as the rhyme kallna. JOHAN HENRIK KBLLGREN. Ur Mina lojen. This satirical poem, held to be epoch-making in Swedish literature, is a typical expression fdr the religious and moral rationalism of the Period of Illumination. 22. dess visas antal, I. e., the number of her sages, the traditional Seven Wise Men of Greece. Those generally so designated are Solon, Chilo, Pittacus, Bias, Periafnder (or, some say, Epimenides), Cleobulus and Thales. In the next lines the poet refers to Democritus, the Greek sage (born about 460 B. C), and Heraclitus (about 500 B. C), known respectively as the "smiling" and the "weeping" philosopher. Against the poet's statement it may be urged that neither was included among the seven. 26. Prose would require med att griHa. 30. bdda tvd, a pleonastic idiom. 39. Ve, woe unto. 42. delar (med) dem, i. e., de usla, the wretched. 45. "vdld, here used for viilde, and rdr in the sense of capability, thus: Boreas is not always mighty to lay waste. 46. ban (hana), here in the derived sense of stretch, ex- panse; faltets prydda han, the wide expanse of fields abloom. 62. hiigtorn, regularly, hoglioren. 72. yrslan, regular form, yrseln. 83. vare sagt, those are my orders; not another word; enough said; 1. e., a curt dismissal. 84 SVBNSK DIKTNINQ 93. slcyddningsiliclc, for Iteskyddande hlick, look of con- descension, patronizing air. 99. Levi tarn; in this term tlie poet includes the entire clergy of his time, his "Voltairean intellectualism" (E. Fahlstedt) making no distinction between spiritual and worldly-minded ministers of the gospel. In Kellgren's later poems there is no trace of his former mockery of religion; he rather turns against his earlier materialistic views. (Heneik SCHViCK.) 99. tan intet ilia; present Swedish, tan inte ilia upp. 106. Ijusens, old genitive form for Ijusets, sometimes employed in Biblical style; analogous old genitives (with the -s added to both the noun and the article) are, lifsens (livets) toTc, the Book of life, morksens (morkrets) forste, the Prince of Darkness. 110. fiken, subject I found with the foregoing predicate. Note that flka now takes the preposition efter (not for), thus, fika efter gunst. 115. helga, a common contraction of heliga. The expres- sion helga hat (holy hatred) is a satirical allusion to the traditional odium theologicum. 130. The line means: the errors of olden times. 160. Allusion to the well-known phrase from Horace's Ars Poetica: Quandoqiie lionus dormitat Romerus (Even the worthy Homer sometimes nods). The following charge against the Swedish Muse "snoring in every line" is said to be directed particularly against some mediocre verse by the poet Gyllenborg. Among the succeeding lines we find this passage (Englished) to the point: O to possess, great Pope, thy hand: A second Dunciad would follow To trounce our myriad scribblers' band Who vaunt the laurels of Apollo. As to Gyllenborg, however, he has not been quite so harsh- ly judged by others. Leopold classed him with three poets who raised the Swedish language to its greatest height, Dalin lending purity, Gyllenborg power, and Kellgren lyrical grace ("S3.ng over Kellgrens dod"). He referred to him as Maro-Gyllenborg, comparing his style to that of Virgilius Maro. Much later Tegngr characterized him as a "mighty genius on whose wings the hoarfrost sometimes fell," but adding, with reference to his unsuccessful epic, "Ta,get over Bait": Ack, klippor finnas, dar vi alia strande, och aven dlkten har sin frusna v&g. (Vid Sv. ak:s femtiara minneshogtid.) NOTES 85 164. Leucas or Leucadia, Ionian Isles, was a promontory from which despondent lovers, including Sappho, threw themselves into the sea. Cape Ducato, island of Santa Maura (Int. Dictionary). Is this a misprint of Lucato? Thence injured lovers, leaping from above, Their ilames extinguish, and forget to love. Pope, "Sappho to Phaon." Kellgren's phrase, "who threw herself on Leucas' bank," might gain in accuracy by the substitution of from for on. 165 — 6. The lines appear to be a not too chivalrous ref erence to Nordenflycht. Ur LjUSETS FIENDER. This satirical fable is a defense of the liberalism of the period. It was published in Stoclcholms-Posten Dec. 21. 1792, — at a juncture when one might well have despaired of the cause of liberty and enlightenment. The French Revolution was in its first stages. Louis XVI. had been im- prisoned in August of that year; the next month saw the horrible "September Massacre" ; in the midst of these events the monarchy was replaced by the republic. In January, 1793, Louis was put to death. In Sweden Gustavus III. had been assassinated, and Reuterholtn, an enemy of Kellgren, was at the head of the government. On the very day Ljusets fiender was published, this man made the first limitation in his recently promulgated press law relating to free speech and libel. In view of all this, the poem was more than a witty satire — it was an act of courage on the part of its author. While Kellgren followed a poem by Wieland even to certain details, his work is superior to the model and virtually an independent creation. (Heneik ScHiiCK.) The fire on the South Side (elln dr Ids pd Soder) refers to the French Revolution. Lucidor is identical with Wie- land's "Lichtfreund"- 18. s&g sig om, looked around, am here having tbe force of omkring; se sig' om may also mean to look back, to take care, to be circumspect. 19. ej skapat grand, nothing at all, absolutely nothing, a colloquial idiom like, not one single thing, nary a particle. 26. den dumma Tiopen, the common herd, the rabble. 28. man forstdr sig ingendera, i. e.,man ej forstdr var- andra, neither understands the other; an irregular and obsolete use of sig. 42. mdrksens, archaism (note on 106, t). 84) . 63. nojets dager, pleasure's daylight, of. "blind pian's holiday." 86 SVENSK DIETNING 74 — 6. The lines show scant respect for the theosophlcal mysticism of Kellgren's contemporary and compatriot, Emanuel Swedenborg. In his poem, Man ager ej snille for det man cir galen, Kell- gren has the lines: "Though Neioton too one day in spirit-fever lay. Still Swedenborg remains a plain and simple — fool." These Nils von Rosenstein supplemented with the following note of explanation, typical of the period: Some one might think this a rather harsh assertion of a man who, while not entitled by great discoveries to be counted a genius, yet is not without scientific merit. His work in mineralogy and chemistry testifies to profound learning. But since these writings amount to so little as compared with his mystical works, which cover a whole wall, and since they are the reminiscences of what he had learnt rather than a sincere product of his thinking, the poet seems to have had no scruples about placing Sweden- borg on the fools' calendar, despite the fact that he at some time or other in life happened to write rationally; this he does on the same ground that Newton and Descartes, aside from occasional aberrations, must be pronounced of sound mind on general principles. In a subsequent note the same commentator refers to the followers of Swedenborg as "the craziest visionaries in all the world." 76. fortiirde'n for fortarde den, an example of elisions common in vernacular speech, the most familiar being san or sa'n (says he) for sade han. 79. Literally, the son of arrogant dust; the better reading now would be den djiirva. . ., this haughty son of dust. 98. Blln (elden), a colloquialism. 115. Lucidor, here a purely fictitious character, no ref- erence being had to a Swedish poet of the seventeenth cen- tury known by that name. See also introductory note. This poem in part shares the facetiousness of much of the poetic drollery of the period, the best known Swedish ex- ample of this so-called "dardiktning" (fool's verse) being Kellgren's Dumboms Xeverne, which is not included in this collection. Ljusets fiender, as well as Dumboms Xeverne, has Its analogies in French, English and German verse. Indicating the author's close acquaintance not only with Voltaire and other Prencli writers but also with Pope, Swift, Goldsmith and with earlier and contemporary German writers, 87 Den nya skapelsen elleb inbillningens vabld. 15. Mldningen. Some annotators interpret this as mean- ning iniillningen (fancy, imagination), basing the assump- tion on the fact that the original title had "inbildningens varld" (the imaginary world). Admittedly, Hldning in the sense of "culture" would seem out of place in the context. 49. Hon Ur (Let, not, it is she, but, she is that (some- thing) . . . 82. din ianke, the thought of thee. Ode till sallheten. This poem, formerly published as original, has been found to be a translation from the Danish. ANNA MARIA LENNGREN. Den glada pesten. 1. Priistgdln, for priistgdrden, the first of many colloquial forms found in this poem cast in the vernacular mold throughout. Cf. kyrkherrgdln, sain, poTcaln. sjutti, grinn. 9. nattyg, literally night apparel, is said to apply specif- ically to a kind of fluted or plaited cap for morning wear. 10. horndrfillsduken, probably diapered linen, the pattern being embellished with woven knots or dots resembling grains. 14. kyrkherrgdln (kyrkherr-gftln), the parson being col- loquially called kyrkherrn (kyrkoherden). 20. fyUer...dr, completes his seventieth year; fylla dr, colloquially, have a birthday. 30. trogen onskan, good wishes, congratulations. 31. iunden, "tied (around)" would apply to the house- coat, but not to the following treat; hence the meaning is apparently, put under obligations, 44. grinn, for grinden, represents both a colloquial cor- ruption and the elision of the postpositive article. 57. dotter for dottern here lends a tone of familiarity. 68. The first words of the Lord's prayer have retained their old order corresponding to the Latin, Pater noster. 77. The double meaning of mdl (goal and meal) would indicate an intentional play on the word. 84. Two of the strings of the lutelike hurdy-gurdy were tuned a fifth part, producing a monotonous drone at the 88 SVBNSK DIKTNING turn of the resined wheel which held the place of the bois' of the modern stringed insrument. Slottet och kojan. 40. garna tag implies a cheerful giving rather than re- ceiving; best rendered, "be welcome to." That the same adverbial modifier does not always apply when the subject and object are reversed or in changing from active to pas- sive is often ignored. Thus, the idiom in fian gav med varm hand (he gave with a warm hand, i. e., cheerfully) becomes ludicrous in this passage from Ossian-Nilsson : "De flngo gratis och med varm hand tillS.telse att reparera boden och vistas dar". (With a warm hand they got free permission, etc.). POJKAENA. 40. Karln, pronounced Team, the I being mute, except in very formal style. Grevinnans besok. 13. pAKlddde (sig). 16. drshelg, literally, annual holiday, probably referring to her birthday. 27. underddn-hjdrtligt, properly, underddnigt och hjdrt- ligt (with most humble cordiality). 32. gjort er besvcir, taken great pains, made great prep- arations. 37. som snon att forblinda (as dazzling white as the snow), a licensed use of att forblinda for forilindande. 41. fornam', here for'nam, retaining the accent of the original German vornehm. 47. Mddad, here, piled high. 69. Present Swedish, skUra till i vdxten, to go too far, exaggerate. 77. This use of grevskap (like herrskap), doubtless in a playful mood, is peculiar with Lenngren. Ordinarily, grevslcap=co\inty. Formerly herrsJcap was also used in the sense of herravdlde (domain), as instanced in old docu- ments and state papers; thus: "VS.rt hertigdome Pomern och herrskapet Wismar" (Frederic I.). 80. This mode of ending a narrative is a common device in folklore, many a tale closing with some such words as these: "And if he is not gone, he stands there yet"; "And if he isn't dead, he lives there still." NOTES 89 JOHAN OLOV WALLIN. Ur DODEXS ARGEL. "Dodens angel" (The Angel of Death), despite its flaws and imperfections, as noted in part below, has maintained its position as the most popular of Wallin's single poetic achievements. Its fascinating elements are acknowledged, and the poem has been rendered' into English and published by at least two translators (Almquist and Shaw). Other poems of high merit are Wallin's "Hemsjukan" (Longing for Home), his poetic toast to the memory of George Wash- ington (1837), which at the time was thought so democratic as to prejudice the pending election of Wallin to the archl- episcopate, and particularly his early poem "Dityramb," subsequently made the prelude to a prize poem eulogizing Gustav III. (1808). In Tegngr's "Stag till skS,nska lant- varnet" (1809) and "Svea" (1811) many things, both in form and diction, are reminiscent of that ringing dlthy- rambic. 2. &ter...om. Redundancy. 13. glada. ..trygga. Predicative qualifiers in lieu of ad- verbs, a common usage. , 15. fdglandsten, modern form, fdgelnasten. The poem abounds in old forms and expressions, savoring of the old Swedish Bible. 23. fallets lucJca (fallucka) ; compounds thus dissolved into a simple noun and a genitive are not infrequently met with in dignified prose; in verse they serve, furthermore, as a rhythmical device. 24. med, ett, in an mt.ta,nt,=med detsamma (coUoq. med sammaj. 26. nedan, rare use of the word in the sense of pit, abyss. As a noun it ordinarily means the wane of the moon. 33. myrten, def.=indef. form. The poetic form myrt (-en) also exists. The form here used is the definite (cf. lyran), whether of myrt or myrten. 34. troskelen, present form is troslceln. 42. Jcomma shall, order archaic and Scriptural. 46. The idea of a pestilence "purifying" the nations is the remoter one of ridding the countries of undesirable and vicious elements. 70. Modern form, tasunljud: 79. fordne (for forne or forna) in this modernized text Is left intact out of respect for the superfiuous rhymes 90 SVENSK DIKTNING (fordne — vordnej found in the middle of this couplet. Such redundancy of rhymes is found in a number of stanzas, viz., St. 1, 5-6, stdr — r.dr; st. 2, 10-11, sdngen — g&ngen; St. 10, 3-4, sporje — siirje, and in one of the stanzas here omitted, "och pressat 'brost i en suckan brister som ingen trost 1 all varlden f3,r."- In connection with this plethora of rhyme the surfeit of repetition! in this poem may he noted. Some of the faults which vitiate the claim of this poem to classic rank are, first, a too lavish recurrence of phrases, words, or sounds, pure and simple; in the second place, a frequent interlacing of pairs of rhymes so similar as to produce a monotonous sequence of like sounds. From one of the omitted stanzas we quote the line, "en egen egendom I ej egen" (agen) as perhaps the most bizarre example of disagreeable assonance to be found in Swedish verse. Note also how exactly the lines of this couplet (st. 8) duplicate each other phoneti- cally: "de herrar fordne i Tioga loft, de dro vordne en TiandfuU atoft." Many of the twenty-one stanzas not here reproduced are replete with repetition, thus: Du forste Gustav! Du andre. store! Du frie, modige Engelbrekt! or)i alia visa och alia omma, som mdnskor prisa och mdnskor — glbmma! This overplus of repetition, monotonous assonance of vowels, and resemblance in different pairs of rhymes is best in- stanced in the ninth stanza of the complete poem: "I l§,ga jordeh, pd den de vondra, pd den de strida om rang och arv, jag blandar slakterno om vorandra, jag lagger tiderna varv pS, varv. I djupa natten ej foljer prakten och icke skatten och icke makten. En gdng de cgas, en annan gdng de andras aro som laga fdng." Other groups of rhymes rather perplexing to the eye and distressing to the ear : "oster — vaster — roster — ■ gaster" (st, 1); "beskarde — bortJe — \a,rde — g]or«?e" (st. 9); sk(!- NOTES 91 dere — ■ stdn — forrdden — hdn — vridew — villen — oskulds- iriden — forspillen. (giving the phonetic series, en — n^ — en — n — en — en — en- — en), and "laden — graven — haden — haven" (in stanzas here omitted). The sing-song repeti- tion here pointed out Is less apparent, however, in this excerpt than in the unahridged poem. 81. ciskar (ask. In the sense of require, demand, claim), old Swedish usage now limited to the solemn style. 83. att bdra hade, antiquated order. Here hade has pre- cisely the force of duty or compulsion implied in the English had to. 86. vad du horde (hava gjort). Cf. Wallin's revision of the hymn by Fortunatus (Swedish Psalm Book 106: 2) — "Han fuUgjorde. vad vi horde" (hava gjort, or, hade bort gora). 90. den. . .helige Anden. The use of the postpositive definite article with den helige Ande (the Holy Ghost), although conforming to the requirement of modern Swedish, is singular and almost without precedent, the archaic form (without -n) being as universal as the archaism "Fader vdr", with the Latin order (Pater noster) retained to this day. 123. tvagit sin' kldder, old Biblical Swedish. The mod- ern tvatta has the same relation to the old verb tvd as the verb clean has to cleanse. 125. lyktad (ended), p. p. of lykta, another obsolescent verb, its usage limited to old texts and solemn discourse. 145. Det dr forsvunnit. Correct modern Swedish requires either det dr forsvunnet or det har forsvunnit. The latter alternative fitting the rhyme and the rhythm both, it is evident that the author affected an archaic style by re- verting to a period when the distinction between the supine and the past participle of certain verbs was not sharply drawn. Similar examples are found in certain old hymns, where the faulty form is retained, however, for the sake of the rhyme. Certain editions have det har forsvunnit. PER DANIEL AMADEUS ATTERBOM. TUSENSKONAN. Title, overraskad llev, order reversed to lend antique flavor. 17. In poetry the words fred and frid are interchanged according as the rhyme demands. In prose, fred has further 92 SVENSK DIKTNINQ the specific sense of "peace" as between nations, as also, peace pact or treaty. Snodroppen. 9. alltren, common abridgment of allaredan for rhytli- mic purposes. EotSHABPAN. 14. kvdUens villa, the illusory light of evening, the vague, bewildering twilight. ERIK GUSTAV GEIJER. ViKINGEN. In the poets comprised in the Gothic Society the student encounters a wealth of things new to Swedish poetry in the way of diction, imagery, and terms, as well as subject matter and mode of poetic treatment. The form of Geijer's poem "The Viking" seems particu- larly in keeping with the subject matter in the following respects: a general fluency of rhythmic movement descrip- tive of life on the ocean wave, but impeded at frequent intervals by heavy, sluggish lines, suggestive of the ir- regularity of Eddie poetry; further, an archaic trend in the choice and use of words, after the manner of the Gothic poets, adding to the antique flavor; finally, the numerous, and mostly well-chosen alliterations. Among the lagging lines are- — "kom kramarn, bSl fick han gS,"; — "snabb var, men god deras fart," and the effective — "De komma frS-n fjarran, fjarran land.'" The aging of the poem is accom- plished by such contrivances as: "p§, fjallet jag sprdng" (sprang) ; — "i bia,nande djup sonk fjallets topp" (here written sjonk) ; — "Jag faders rostiga svard tog i hand" ; — "Stod jag mig om dagen" ; — "sS, roUg som svanen" ; — "begdrar mitt blod" ; — "det brinnande hjdrta det klappar." Noteworthy alliterative expressions are: — "med sippor sij-anderna siros; — sirommarna /ria siorta med /rojd"; — "min fcrona i fcras"; — "svanen i gungande sav"; ^ — "nor- norna virka sin va,v." Prosiness and other crudities of form are apparent in the lines: "Det var en he! vinter"...; — "Jag ingenting gjorde"...; — "Och ater...jag spejande stod efter skepp" . . . ; in the monotonous alliteration "ft/alpa var ftjolplos g'ack" ; in the repeated rhyme : — "vida hav — skummande hav," and such a repetition as: — gungande stav — gungande say" — ; in the rather trite eleventh stanza, and in the solitary present tense vill (stanza 8), strongly NOTES 93 suggestive of the makeshift vilV, analogous with vor' in the same stanza. — A masterly conception is the setting given to the poem proper by the closing stanza, in a different verse structure, sketching the situation in a few trenchant lines. A somewhat similar scene is met with in the last stanza of Geijer's poem "Den siste kampen." 2. moder min, old order, retained in poetic and folklore style. 3. gettren; modern form, getterna. 8. ficiftigt, here conveying a sense of ambition. 8. sprdng, irreg. for sprang. 26. The shorter form fars has brought faders into disuse in the sense of "my father's," except with the possessive min. 30. slcdllde mig sTcdgglos, etc., taunted me as a beardless weakling. 33. landgdng. The landing of the vikings for purposes of plunder is more commonly termed strandhugg. 37. med maht, Indicating that they were mighty drinkers of musty mead. 44. sotad ds refers to the blackened beams or rafters rather than the ridge of the roof. 45. drog. . .sorg. The idiomatic expression is draga for- sorg, to provide for. 51. hade ej ro for att hjalpa, an irregular construction with for; meaning, "though idle, I had no peace, because every fool wanted my help." 55. vor (or vor' J, for vore, a crude makeshift in versi- fication now happily supplanted by the use of the indicative for the subjunctive in similar cases. Cf. 22, p. 81. 73 — 76. Ti mfinniskan sdgo. . .vikingens stig. This con- trasting of mdnnisTca and viking seems surprising in so per- spicacious an author. In the last two lines the inference must be drawn that henne refers not to mdnniskan alone, but to a complex antecedent, "people who settle on the shores, and live and die there," as implied in the foregoing couplet. 79. spejande stod efter skepp, an order quite irregular and unusual, even in poetry. 82. A bloody victory alone is worthy of the brave. 85. Stod jag mig, a reflexive construction peculiar to old ballads and folksongs, as, "Jungfrun hon skuUe sig kt otte- sS.ngen gd"; "Jungfrun hon gdngar sig for bergakungen stS,"; "S& redo de sig over den morka, langa skog" (from 94 SVISNSK DIKTNING "Den hergtagna"); "Herr Peder han for sig soder under 6" (from "Harpans kraff'J ; "Hon gdngar sig sk sorjande" (from "Konungaharnen" J ; "I gA eder i stuvan in" (from "£66c Skammelsson" ) . 87. Note the repetition of the attributive gungande with stiiv and sav, denoting rocking or tossing movements of different character. 94. virka sin viiv, alliterative variation on the usual spinna, spola, viiva, predicated of the Pates, but inapplicable in English. 100. Begiirar, irreg. conjugational form; usually hegar, sometimes hegdrer. 101. han det forr druckit har, rhythm somewhat awk- ward (owing to the archaic order, druckit har), with the stress on the auxiliary verb. 106. klagar, for teklagar or klagar over. 107. Note that the hero's viking career lasted but five years. Odalboinden. Among the early and medieval Scandinavians (and other Teutonic peoples) the heritable land held by a member of a family of freeborn tribesmen was called odal (odaljord). It was a fee simple, either absolute or limited, subject only to certain rights of the family or kindred in restricting the freedom of transfer or sale, etc. An interesting word study may be carried out along the line: odal, 0. B^. odhal, prob. fr. OG. odh, or adh, something inherited, and al, all; cf. Sw. adel (nobility) ; alod, allodium, cf. OHG. al and ot (AS. eadh), possession, property, meaning thus ehtlrely one's own possession; land held in absolute tenure, without being subject to any rent, service, or acknowledgment to a superior. Alod and odal prob. identical. 0pp. to feudal (which see). Also fee, AS. feoh, Sw. /a; OHG. fihu, fehu, G. Tieh, cattle, property, money; and fief, fealty, noting distinction in origin and sense between odal and feodal, feudal. Odalhonde, like odalman, besides its original mean- ing of freeholder or independent landowner, has the de- rived meaning of staunch, upright, dependable countryman ; man of honor and worth; yeoman, 24. djupan, old inflectional form still retained as an archaism. 26, 28. tyst — lyst; note difference of quantity in the two rhyming words. 66. man ur gdrd, to the last man, leaving no man at home; the archaic idiom is man ur huse. NOTES 95 70. sUiss. The reduplication of the s in sWs is limited to the reciprocal and the absolute passive form denoting habit or characteristics, thus, shls ned, to be beaten down, but pojkarna sldss, the boys fight, or as in the context. The vowel is shortened in either case. 77. Tiiljer sin dlders stav, recounts the events of his past life (by the marks in his staff), or simply, carves his staff (a staff for his old age). The ambiguity results from the double meaning of tdlja (1. to tell, narrate, recount; 2. to carve, whittle). ESAIAS TBGNfiR. Flyttfaglarna. 5. fottren, like Jidndren, an old definite plural now pe- culiar to poetry. Ur Spraken. 9. The regular modern word here would be drives, of driva (to run, operate), 'bedriva being no longer used in this sense. 19. friskt, in addition to the sense of promptness, has that of freshness, thus apparently anticipating the effect of tvatta. Tegngr delights in picturesque ambiguities, not readily analyzed, but calling to mind two ideas at the same time. Cf. notes on 150 and 193 (Vid Svenska akademiens femtl^ra minneshogtid). Sang till solen. 34. fran is redundant, being implied in vadan, meaning varifran. Regular construction: var Jcommer du frdn? 40. The gender of iron, variably feminine or masculine, is now designated as real-masjculinum, i. e., common gender requiring the masculine pronoun of reference. 54. The infinitive (att stanna), implied in Swedish, must here be expressed in English. 92. taga slut is the idiom. Kabl XII. 22. En ny Aurora, a delicate, though not accurate com- pliment to Aurora von Konigsmark, through whom in 1702 August II. of Poland sought in vain to make overtures for peace, King Charles refusing the charming adventuress an audience. The poetic attribute "golden-haired" Is said not 96- SVENSK DIKTNIN6 to have fitted her type. Be this- as It may, her beauty had attracted many highborn admirers before she became the mistress of the Elector of Saxony (August II.), cousin of Charles XII. 29. med,- qch motgdng, elliptic compound. 43. dvargaldten, the howling of the dwarfs, i. e., the in- . vidious criticism of King Charles by men of small caliber or ignoble design. Even the famous Histoire de Charles XII, by Voltaire, is probably not exempt from this classi- fication, much as TegnSr admired all champions of human- Ism and tolerance. SIngen. 43. Tidens botten (elliptic figure), the bottom of the stream of time, the tide of the ages. 58. The starry vault of heaven is represented as the mausoleum of the heroic dead. MjALTSJUKAN. 13. Note the three imperfect rhymes plotsKgt, odsligt, hostUgt, the latter bordering on the impermissible. 17. Vad vill mig, etc., what would reality have of me, i. e., what care I for the dead, mute mass of material things? 55. skolen, dialect form. VlD SVENSKA AKADEMIENS EEMTiAkA MINNESHOGTID. 2. The regular adverbial form is antligt or antUgen. 13. en levande gustaviad i brons, a striking metaphor, strengthened by the contradiction in the attributives levan- de and i irons. The poet contemplates the statue of Gus- tavus III. as a plastic presentment of the king as the in- carnation of the spirit of the Gustavian age, the Era of Illumination as regards Sweden. Brons being sounded also as irdngs, the rhyme here calls for that pronunciation. 20. Irregular order, the proper sequence being, hur Mr den (ir mig. 36. A paraphrase of Wallin's lines in his ode at the un- veiling of the monument to Gustavus III. at Stockholm in -1808: nationen, som sorglost spridde sig kring tronen, trygg vid den tanken, att du fanns. 47. Karl von Linng (Linnaeus), the renowned scientist. The importance of his work can scarcely be overrated. It has been said that "he found biology a chaos; he left it a NOTES 97 cosmos." He it was who established tlie systematic botany and zoology of modern times. He revolutionized the study of botany and first announced the principles for the defini- tion of genera and species, and established the binomial nomenclature of both. 50. Daniel Melanderhjelm (1726 — 1810), mathematician and astronomer, who wrote extensively on these sciences. His elementary work on astronomy (in Latin) was long used in Sweden and in continental Europe. His purely scientific works relate chiefly to celestial mechanics, the branch to which the poet has reference. In the work De theoria lunw commentarii, by Melanderhjelm, the orbit of the moon is determined and related problems are solved by other and simpler methods than those employed by Clairaut, Euler and Lagrange. TegnSr, therefore, does not overstate the case. 52. Karl Vilhelm Scheele (1742—1786), one of the great scientists of his time in the field of chemistry. The dis- covery of oxygen was made by him independently prior to August, 1774, when Priestley claimed the discovery, but by a long delay in the publishing of his great work, "Chemische Abhandlung von der Luft und der Feuer," the priority of this and several other importaift discoveries was lost to him. (Prof. P. T. Cleve.) In this connection may be mentioned the curious apoc- ryphal story that Gustavus III. heard of Scheele's achieve- ments for the first time on one of his trips abroad and, in his haste to make amends, had a patent of nobility issued, which was delivered to another person of that name, by mistake, thereby establishing the Von ScMele family. Its elevation to the nobility, however, does not rest on the ground assigned by this piece of fiction. (Swedish Enc.) 53. Torbern Olov Bergman (1735—1784), a Swedish nat- uralist of international fame. After having made a name for himself in zoology and physics, he specialized in chem- istry, and his researches and experiments are said to have formed the basis for analytical chemistry. His work, Scia- graphia regni mineralis, etc. (1783), was published in five languages and eleven editions within two years. Bergman was the teacher of Scheele and a number of other scientists of note. 54. Sven Lagerbring (1707 — 1787), historian, author of Svea rikes Jiistoria in four volumes (incomplete), a work recognized as the first critical history of Sweden. The illustrious names mentioned so far would suffice to impress the student with the force of the poet's words (lines 46—47) : Svensk diktning, 7. 9S SVENSK DIKTNINQ "New paths were blazed for Swedish fame and glory- In Learning's unexplored realms." 64. Gustav Predrik Gyllenborg (1731—1808), of whom Gael von Friesen says: "For the poets of the Gustavian period he was a paternal friend to whom they looked up with reverence. He lived as a nestor of poetic art at the very dawn of the new period which was to set at nought the esthetic principles upheld by him." He was a nature poet (Arstiderna), a philosophical singer (Manniskans no- jen; Ode over sjiilens siyrkaj, a satirist (Vcirldsforaktaren), a fable writer and a dramatist (Tdget over Bait; Birger Jarl; Penelope, and others). 66. strande, for stranda, an old present Indicative form (resembling the past indicative, the present subjunctive and the imperative) now employed only in poetic and ora- torical style. It is used interchangeably with the regular form to meet the requirements of the rhyme, as: Nornornas lottning, huru vi flke, trotso vi, klaga vi ej oss ifrS;n. Dig ger jag drottning, dig ger jag rike, etc. (Frithlof's Saga, Canto 20). 71. "Manniskans eldnde", is not one of the works of Gyllenborg usually mentioned by critics and historians. The exact title is Manniskans eldnden, the poem being a counterpart of Manniskans nojen. 74. Gustav Filip Greutz (1731 — 1785), associated with Gyllenborg in a close fellowship notable in Swedish literary annals (hence, "bredvid bans sida," line 73), was the greater, though not the more prolific of the two poets. His pastoral idyl, Atis och Camilla, in its day acquired a fame compar- able only to that of Tegnfir's Frithiofs saga and Runeberg's Fdnrik St&ls sagner in their respective periods. (Kaki. Warbtjkg.) 82. This stanza and the next characterize Karl Mikael Bellman (1740 — 1795) in terms too obvious to require the mention of his name. Bellman's poetry is so replete with the color of the environment, the life and the time of which he wrote and, literally, sang his ballads and songs that it is not readily understood even by students born to the tongue in which he wrote. The exclusion of selections of Bellman from the present collection is due to a well- grounded doubt of the ability of the average student to appreciate him aright. Much of his verse is such as to puzzle the commentators and defy the translator, and the NOTES 99 poet mingles wine and woman with his song to a degree sometimes offensive to modern good taste. "Verdicts differ as to Bellman's poetic production, particularly with regard to the subjects he chose to deal with in song; nevertheless all are agreed on the superiority of his genius, and to the intelligent judge he is also a warm and sensitive advocate of joyfulness in our literature." (Wauutjrg.) By a halting comparison. Bellman has been called "the Anacreon of the North." 100. Bengt Lidner (1757 — 1793), a poetic sentimentalist of the type of Rousseau and of Goethe's Werther, purporting to be guided and governed by his natural feelings. In his life as in his writings, however, he seems to have been led by no guiding star, and his genius never matured. His best work is a lyrical poem, Spastaras diid, based on an actual occurrence at Messina, in 1783; another is the lyrical epic, entitled Tttersta domcn, from which Tegngr purports to quote. Both contain, among much that is prosy and crude, passages of the highest sublimity. 102. The plural of sken in this implied quotation from Bengt Lidner's "The Last Judgment" would be anomalous in rriodern Swedish. Lidner wrate in the latter part of the eighteenth century. Curiously enough, Tegner's quotation seems to be of his own making, for Lidner's lines in Yttersta domen have this form: "Han oppnas, gravens port. De troga g3,ngjarn knarra, och lampans matta sken p§, svarta marmorn darra. Hur strommar morkrets ilod!" Etc. The idea expressed in line 103 is not found in the original. The passage within quotation marks is, therefore, an arbi- trary paraphrase by which to characterize Lidner's style, not a literal quotation. 118. Johan Gabriel Oxenstierna (1750 — 1818), as Tegner indicates, was an adept in the art of descriptive poetry, so highly prized by his contemporaries in all lands. His chief works are the didactic poem Sicdrdarna and the idyllic- didactic Dagens stunder. Late In life he rendered into Swedish Milton's "Paradise Lost." 123, 124. The titles, not accurately quoted in Tegner's stanza, are, Skordarna and Ode over hoppet. 128. In the quotation (from Den nya skapeUen) Tegnfir. for metrical reasons, has inserted the words oss (in. 133. ocksd for an. 142, 144. det has no distinct antecedent in either case, 100 SVENSK DIKTNING referring in a general way to the result of Kellgren's literary activities. 143. land och rike, a petrified pleonasm. 146. Gudmund Joran Adlerbeth (1751—1818), author of Ingjald Illrdda, one of the noted tragedies of the period, and a skilled translator of the great Latin poets Virgil, Ovid and Horace — hence "en romare", etc. 149. Nils von Rosenstein was a prose writer of note and exerted influence as a patron of Swedish letters in his ca- pacity of secretary of the Swedish Academy. 150. Two interpretations are admissible. As secretary of the Swedish Academy, Rosenstein might be likened to the band that held the wreath together, or to its ornamental ribbon, the two ideas combining into a characterization and a compliment. 162. den blinde siaren Tiresias-Leopold. A brilliant line, frought with meaning, expressed and implied. Like the sage of ancient Thebes, the "blind seer" of the North had beheld the beauty of the Muses, if not of Athena, before being struck with blindness in his old age. The character- ization of Carl Gustav av Leopold as a poet is more fully carried out in Tegner's dedication to Leopold of his romantic poem Axel. Carl Gustav av Leopold (1756 — 1829), a many-sided gen- ius, poet, philosopher, satirist, critic, esthete, ranked almost abreast with Kellgrea in the Gustavian phalanx of literary men. "His masterpiece, and one of the finest poems handed down to us from the Gustavian period, is EgU och Annette. — Den vackra bedjerskan is his foremost satirical work. — His tragedies, Oden eller Asarnas utvandring and Virginia, gave him first place among the dramatic poets of the peri- od." (C. EicHHOBN.) Through his literary works, pub- lished in a general collection in 1814, he took first position among the poets of Sweden at the end of the Gustavian period. It may be noted, however, that Leopold was not subsequently assigned that high place in Swedish letters predicted for him in Tegner's poetic appreciation. 174. tystnat — lyssnat, a find for careless rhymesters! i86. In fosterlandskt the d is slurred, the word rhyming acceptably with svenskt. 193. stjarnstrott lag, a manifest play on words, which may be interpreted as a reference to the starry host or to the illustrious company of immortals decked with orders. Thus Tegngr frequently challenges the reader's imagination. 101 ERIK JOHAN STAGNBLIUS. FlyttpAqlabnb. 4. Gautjod (Gotaland), an arbitrary poetical name for Sweden, formed in analogy with Svitjod (Svealand). 15. In this poem Stagnelius had the migratory song birds in mind, while TegnSr and other poets have more especially addressed themselves to the aquatic birds of passage. 27. irinnande char, the flaming chariot of Aurora. 36. I. e., fields once abloom with Mayflowers are now covered with frost. 38 — 39. Dess pol blir dagligen triingre. Taken literally, this would be quite the reverse of the sense implied, name- ly, that the wintry zone is daily growing more uncomfort- al)le — not narrower. 45. Stt varen oss hiilsade . . ., so we greet you, or, there- fore, hail to you, ye roaring seas! The interposed oss is an archaic dative, still recurring in solemn discourse. 59, 60. Det ler. . .en strand. DUr ler. . . is the more com- mon construction, conforming to the English, thus: There lies ... a smiling shore awaiting,.etc. Kreaturens suckan. 13. statt upp, arise, an archaic imperative of std, still used in Scriptural and ecclesiastical style, as, Statt upp, var Ijus! Arise; shine! — Herre Gud, nu statt oss M! O Lord God, be Thou our aid (strength, stay). So also gacTc, imperative of gd. 17. som du vi. . .folja dig an. The sense of the somewhat obscure period is: — If, like thee, we would hie to realms supernal, transfigured we follow thee still to spiritual re- gions sprung out of darkness into light. Nacken. The nix or water sprite of Swedish folklore is usually a man, called Nacken, sometimes dlvlcarlen, when Inhabiting brooks or rivers, a woman, called sjojungfrun or Jiavsfrun. when found in seas or lakes. Nacken Is generally spoken of as a melancholy musician, envious of the pleasures of humankind, fond of mingling in their merrymaking, and given to treachery. The poet here depicts a personage more sympathetic than the average type. Despite the appearance, dlvkarl is not identical with elfman, the male of the elfen- folk. 102 SVENSK DIKTNING 11. In Uten pilt, the, omission ot the indefinite article is a characteristic of the folklore style. Cf. "Och Uten pilt han sitter en kulen hostekvaU" (Malmstkom). Similarly the definite article is •dispensed with, as, slcon jungfrun, ung dottern, Uten Earin (den sTciina jungfrun, etc.). VOCABULARY. EXPLANATORY. This vocabulary covers not only the present volume of Svensk Dilcining but a^so a companion volume to follow shortly, bringing these Selections from Swedish Poets down to date. The vertical line is used to set off that part of a word left intact in the process of inflection or conjugration ; as, aft\on (-onen, -nar); akt\a (-ade, -at); an\gripa (-grep, -gripit). The dash is employed for brevity and convenience to indicate that the indefinite nominative plural form of a noun is the same as the corresponding form in the singular ; thus, arbetare (-n, — }. Also, in peculiar instances, to show that the supine of a verb is the same as the root, or, the infinitive without its sign (-a); thus, mist\a (-ade, -at; -e, — ). Of nouns, the def. nom. sg. and the indef. nom. pi. are given or indicated within parentheses. Proper nouns are here included only where their Swedish and English forms differ or where they may bf variously rendered. Of regular verbs, the principal parts are indicated by their conjugati»nal endings in the preterite and supine, active or pa^ive, according to the text and for the purpose of prociseness in rendition. Strong and irregular verbs am given either in full or mainly complete in form, as, bryta (brot brutit) ; he\grava (-grov, -gravit; -gravde, -gravt). A title-word with several radically different meanings is repeated. The use of inflected adjectives as adverbs and of participles as adjectives is noted except where the meaning is obvious. VOCABULARY. absolut, absolute. ack, ah, oh, alas. adelsmarke (-t, -n), mark of nobility. aderton, eighteen. adertonhundratalet, the eigh- teen hundreds; the nine- teenth century. adjunkt (-en, -er), assistant pastor, curate; assistant teacher, instructor. adlja (-ade, -at), to confer knighthood; to ennoble; to raise to nobility. aft|on (-onen, -nar), evening. aftonhim|mel (-mein, -len, -lar), evening sky, sunset sky. aftonljus (-et, — ), evening light. aftonrodnad (-en, -er), eve- ning glow, sunset glow. aftonskim|mer (-ret), evening glow. aftonsky (-n, -ar), evening sky. aftonstjarn|a (-an, -or), eve- ning star. aftonstund (-en, -er), evening hour. aftonsang (-en, -er), vesper song, evening song. aftonvind (-en, -ar),_ evening breeze. aga (-n), punishment, chas- tisement, whipping. agg (-et), grudge, spite, mal- ice. ah, ah, oh. Ahasverus, Ahasuerus, name applied to the Wandering Jew. akademi (-en, -er), academy; university; Svenska akade- mieni, the Swedish Acad- emy. akademisk, academic. aklej|a (-an, -or), columbine. akt, attention, heed, notice; *giv akt! Attention! Notice! akt|a (-ade, -at), to consider, esteem; to notice; akta pa (paakta), to observe, take notice of, mark. akterhus (et, — ), deckhouse. aktning (-en), respect, defer- ence, appreciation. aktor (-en, -er), actor. aldrig, never. Alienus, Alienus, a Latin cog- nomen for himself, em- ployed by Heidenstam. all, all, the whole, every; da- gen ar all, the day is done, past. alia, all. allaredan, already. alldeles, just, exactly, precise- ly; altogether, very. alien, allena, alone, lonely. allestades, everywhere. Allfader (-n). All-father. allmoge (-n), common peo- ple, commonalty. 106 SVENSK DIKTWING allman, general, common, usual, customary; public. allmanhet (-en), public. alio, all. allra, of all, very, most; allra heist som, especially as; allra minst, least of all. allt, all, altogether, ever, con- stantly; a I It for, too, all too; allt efter som, as, ac- cording as; allt oftare, oft- ener than before, the more often; allt hittllls, until now, up to the present. alltfbr, too, all too. alltid, always, ever. alltlgenom, throughout. alltjamt, constantly, always, ever. alltmer, alltmera, gradually, more and more, the more. alltnog, sufficiently, amply. alltren, already; usually alla- redan. alltsedan, ever since, from the time (that). allvar (-et), earnestness, seri- ousness, soberness, inten- sity. allvarsam, serious, somber, solemn. allvarsfylld, serious, sober, heavy. aim (-en, -ar), elm. alpkurort (-en, -er), Alpine health resort. altar|e, altar (-et, -en or — ), altar. Amerika, America. an, on, forward, onward. anande, anticipating. anblick (-en), aspect, sight, prospect, view. and (anden, ander), duck, wild duck. and|a (-an, -ar), spirit; breath. andjas (-ades, -ats), to breathe, inhale, respire, ex- hale. and|e (-en, -ar), spirit, mind, intellect; grhost, apparition; Anden or den Helige Ande, the Holy Spirit. andedrakt (-en), breath. andellg, andllg, spiritual. andellv (-et), spiritual life. Anders, Andrew. anderost (-en, -er), voice of a (the) spirit; spec, the voice of the Holy Spirit. andevarld (-en, -ar), spirit world, spiritual world. andlig, spiritual, mental; theo- logical, religious, divine. andra, other, different, others. Andreas, Andrew. anforvant (-en, .-er), kin, kindred. Angelika, Angelica. angrepp (-et, — ), attack. an|gripa (-grep, -gripit), to attack. anhangare (-n, — ), follower, devotee; member. aning (-en, -ar), anticipation, premonition; fancy. anklag|a (-ade, -at), to accuse, charge, implead; to com- plain of. an lag (-et, — ), aptitude, aptness, ability; prerequi- sites. aniedning (-en, -ar), reason, occasion, cause. aniet, anlet|e (-et, -en), face, countenance, visage. anietsdrag (-et, — ), counte- nance, visage, features. anlan|da (-de, -t), to arrive. ann, annan, other. Anna, Anna, Ann, Anne. annain (-t) other, another; different; something else; otherwise; en och annan, VOCAIiULAttY 107 a few, one here and there, sundry. anonymt, anonymously. anor (no sg.), ancestry, de- scent, pedigree. anrattning (-en, -ar), prepara- tion, course, dish. ansad, cultivated, well cared for, nurtured. ansedd, renowned, noted. anjsluta (-slot, -slutit) sig, to join. anjsia (-slog, -slagit), to in- tone; to strike (a note). ansprak (-en, — ), claim, de- mand, requirement. anspraksloshet (-en), simplic- ity, unassuming manner. anstalt (-en, -er), institution, establishment; pi., provi- sion, arrangements. an|sta (-stod, -statt), to fit, be- come, beseem; to be suit- able for. anstall|a (-de, -t), to engage, employ. anstallning (-en, -ar), situa- tion, position. anstandig, decent, fitting, proper. ansvar (-et), responsibility. antagligen, presumably, sup- posedly. antal (-et, — ), number. antites (-en, -er), antithesis. antag (et, — ), approach. anvlsning (-en, -ar), sugges- tion, direction. anvanjda (-de, -t), to use, em- ploy. Apollo, Apollon, Apollo, god of music and poetry; also, poet., Apoll. apost|el (-ein, -lar), apostle. appell (-en, -er), appeal, call, signal. april, April. arbetare (-n, — ), workman, laborer. arbete (-t, -n), work, labor, employment, occupation. arbetsdag (-en, -ar), working day, day of toil. arbetstrott, toilworn, tired, exhausted with work. arg, evil, depraved. arlstokratlsk, aristocratic. ark (-et, — ), sheet (of paper). arklpelag (-en, -er), archipel- ago; Cap., the Grecian ar- chipelago. aria, early. arm (-en, -ar), arm. arm, poor, pitiful, unfortu- nate. arme (-en, -er), army. armod (-et), poverty, need, want, penury. art (-en, -er), variety, kind, style, character. artlghet (-en), politeness, courtesy; artlgheter, com- pliments; saga artlgheter, to pass compliments. artigt, politely, affably, cour- teously. artik|el (-eIn, -lar), article. arv (-et, — ), heritage, inherit- ance, legacy. arving, arving|e (-en, -ar), heir. arvked (-eti), hereditary dhain or link. ask|a (-an), ashes, cinders, dust, debris. Aten, Athens. atenare (-n, — ), Athenian. atensk, Athenian. Atis, character in an epic poem by Creutz. att, to; that, so that, in order that. auktorltet (-en, -er), authori- ty. 108 SVENSK DIKTNING Auroraforbundet, the Aurora Society. av, of, by, from; off; about, concerning. avbild (-en, -er), image. avboj|a (-de, -t), to decline, refuse, relinquish. avfall (-et, — ), desertion, de- fection, falling away, dis- sension; apostasy, fall. avgrund (-en,i -er'), abyss, chasm, precipice; gulf, pit; bottomless pit, hell, Hades. avgrundsbedovande, infernal- ly noisy, deafening as pan- demonium. avgorande, decisive, final. av|lida (-led, -lidit), to pass away, die, expire. avian g, oblong. av|lagga (-lade, -lagt), to take (as a degree, an oath) ; to show, present; to take off, remove. aviosja (-te, -t), to relieve; to remove; also losa av. av|se (-sag, -sett), to intend, plan, propose, purpose; to design, have in mind, aim at; to have for one's ob- ject. avsked (-et), leave, farewell, parting; discharge, dismis- sal; taga avsked, to take leave, say farewell, depart; to resign. avskedsstund (-en, -er), hour or moment of farewell, part- ing or departure. avskrift (-en, -er), copy. avsllpad, ground smooth, pol- ished. avslut|a (-ade, -at), to finish, complete, end, close. avspegl|a (-ade, -at), to reflect. avstann|a (-ade, -at), to stop, cease, abate, subside. avstand (-et, — ), distance. avsan|da (-de, -t), to send, send away, send off; to dis- patch. av|taga (-tog, -tagit), to di- minish, decrease; to lapse; to ebb. avvlkande, at variance (with), departing (from), different (from). B. backantlsk, bacchantic, bac- chanalian. back|e (-en, -ar), hill, hillside, incline. bakom, behind, in the rear. bal (-en, -er), ball, dance. balsam, (-en, rarely), balm, balsam. balsamlsk, balmy, balsamic, incense-breathing. balsamluft (-en), balsamic air, balmy breeze. balsamlukt (-en), scent of balsam, balmy odor. balustrad (-en, -er), balus- trade, banister. ban (-en), path, course; area, expanse. ban|a (-an, -or), course, way, path; career. band (-et, — ), bond, band; ribbon, badge. baner (-et, — ), banner, flag, colors, standard. bank (-en, -ar), bank, ridge. bannlys|a (-te, -t), to banish, debar, interdict. banner, reproof, reprimand, scolding. bar, bare. bara, only, just barbar (-en, -er), barbarian, savage, pagan, vandal. barbari (-et, poet, -t), bar- barism. barkbrod (et), bread made from bark and flour. VOCABULARY 109 barm (-en, -ar), bosom. barmhartig, merciful, gra- cious. barmhartighet (-en), mercy, grace, compassion, loving- kindness. barn (-et, — ), child, descend- ant. barnaog|a (-at, -on), eye of a child. barndom (-en), childhood. barndomshem (-met, — ), childhood home. barndomsminne (-t, -n), child- hood memory. barniek (-en, -ar), child's play, frolic, pastime. barnlSs, childless. barnslig, childish, childlike. baron (-en, -er), baron. barrikad (-en, -er), barricade. bas (-en, -ar), bass. basun (-en, -er), trumpet. basunaljud, basunljud (-et, — ), sound of the trumpet or trumpets. be, (bad, bett), to beg; to pray (for) ; to beseech, sup- plicate. bebo (-dde, -tt), to inhabit; to dwell in. bedja (bad, bedit), to pray, ask; to invoke, beseech. be|draga (-drog, -dragit), to deceive, cheat. bedrift (-en, -er), act, a- chievement, deed. bejdriva (-drev, -drivit), to carry on; to operate, pros- ecute. befallja (-de, -t), to order, command. befallning (-en, -ar), order, command, instructions. befattning (-en, -ar), office, position. bejfinna (-fann, -funnit) sig, to find oneself; to be; to dwell, live, reside. befordran, promotion, ad- vancement. fcefordrainde (-t), advance- ment, promotion. befri|a (-ade, -at), to liberate, set free. befriare (-n, — ), liberator. befrielse (-n), liberation. ■ befangd, absurd, preposter- ous, foolish, nonsensical. befast|a (-ade, -at; -e, — ), to establish; begap|a (-ade, -at), to stare at, oggle; to gaze at, in won- der or admiration. beigiva (-gav, -givit) sig, to betake oneself; begiva sig av, bort, to depart. bejgrava (-grov, -gravit; -grav- de, -gravt), to bury, inter. begravning (-en, -ar)* funeral, burial. begrepp, (-et, — ), reason, con- ception, understanding. begrund|a (-ade, -at), to pon- der (on), to meditate (on). be|grata (-grat, -gratit), to mourn, lament, bemoan; to grieve for. begyn|na (-te, -t), to begin. begynnelse (-n), beginning. begavad, gifted, talented. begavning (-en), talent, gifts; qualifications; genius. begar (-et, — ), desire, pas- sion; longing. begarla (-de, -t), to demand, request; to covet. behag, (-et, — ), charm, grace, beauty, fascination, attrac- tion. behagja (-ade, -at), to suit, please, delight; to deign, condescend. beharsk|a (-ade, -at), to gov- ern, control, rule; to reign over. beharskning (-en), control, self-control. 110 SVENSK DIKTNING bekant, known, well-known; acquainted. bekantskap (-en, -er), ac- quaintance ; familiarity. beklag|a (-ade, -at), tO' regret. bekvam, comfortable, con- venient. be-kym|mer (-ret, — ), care, trouble, worry, vexation, anxiety. bekan|na (-de, -t), to confess; to own to. belastad, laden, burdened. be|le (-log, -lett), to laugh at; to ridicule, deride. belevad, refined, elegant, chic. Belinda, Belinda, Belle. belaten, satisfied, cheerful. belon|a (-ade, -at or -t), to re- ward, compensate. bemark|a (-te, -t), to notice, observe closely; to remark (upon) . ben (-en, — ), leg; bone; re- mains, dust. benagen, inclined, prone; be- nagen for, inclined to fa- vor, in favor of. benamn|a (-de, -t), to call, term, designate. bepris|a (-ade, -at), to praise, compliment; to commend. bere|da (-dde, -tt), to prepare; to provide. beredd, prepared; tanned; re- served. berg (-et, — ), mountain, rock. bergback (-en, -ar), mountain brxjok, run, rivulet; rocky brooklet, berghall (-en, -ar), bedrock; ledge of rock, berghog, mountain high, bergig, rocky, mountainous. Bergs3ngsback|e (-en, -ar), hill of Bergsang. Bernhard, Berhard, Bernard. beryktad, famous, much talked of, celebrated, illustrious. berakn|a (-ade, -at), to calcu- late, estimate, reckon. berom|ma (-de, -t), to praise, laud, compliment, com- mend, extol, eulogize. beromd, famous, celebrated, illustrious, well-known. beror|a (-de, -t), to touch; to Influence. beroring (-en), touch, associa- tion. be|se (-sag, -sett), to contem- plate, inspect, examine. be|sltta (-satt, -suttit), to pos- sess, own, have. be|skina (-sken, -sklnit), to il- lumine, irradiate. be|skrlva (-skrev, -sknvit), to explain; to describe. beskad|a (-ade, -at), to con- template, examine, look at. beskar|a (-de, -t), to bestow, grant, give, assign, allot, vouchsafe; cf. the related word "share". beslag (-et, — ), claim, em- bargo; lagga beslag pSt, to claim, lay claim to. beslut (-et, — ), decision, re- solve, resolution. beslutja (-ade, -at; beslbt, be- slutit), to resolve, decide. bestorm|a (-ade, -at), to as- sail. bestyr|a (-de, -t), to manage, do, bestyra om, (ombesty- ra), to look after. be|sta (-stod, -statt), to pre- vail; to stand, remain. bestallsam, busy, officious. bes-tam|ma (-de, -t), to deter- mine, decide, resolve, order. bestandig, constant, perma- nent, enduring. bestandigt, constantly, Inces- VOCADlILAltY 111 santly, forever, permanent- ly. bestankja (-te, -t), to sprinkle, besprinkle. besvikelse (-en, -er), disap- pointment. besvar (-et, — ), difficulty, trouble; work, pains. besok (-et, — ), visit, call. betagande, charming, 'Capti- vating. betagen, fascinated, charmed. betalja (-ade, -at; -te, -t), to pay, settle; to compensate. beteckn|a (-ade, -at), to mark, designate, signify, mean; to imply. betrakt|a (-ade, -at), to look at or upon; to consider, contemplate ; to meditate on. betraktande (-t), contempla- tion. betraktelse (-n, -r), medita- tion; view. betradd, trodden, entered. betraff|a (-ade, -at), to con- cern, to appertain; vad det betraffar, as to that, con- cerniag that. bets|el (-let, — ), bit, bridle. betvalja (-ade, -at), lit., to lather, fig., to give some- one his due, to satirize; now tilltvala. betydande,. significant, im- portant. betydelse (-n, -r), meaning, significance, importance. betydelsefull, significant, im- portant. betydlig, considerable, impor- tant, marked, remarkable. betydligt, considerably, mate- rially. betack|a (-te, -t), to cover. betank|a (-te, -t), to consider, ponder, contemplate. beundr|a (-ade, -at), to ad- mire. beundran, admiration. bevar|a (-ade, -at), to pro- tect, preserve. bevars (bevare oss), dear me, mercy, for goodness sake. bevis (-et, — ), proof; exam- ple, instance; argument. bevisligt, manifestly, evident- ly, clearly. bi, by; sta bi, to last, endure, hold out, remain; to stand by, assist. bibejhalla (-holl, -hallit), to retain; bibehalla sig, to re- main, endure; to continue to be. bib|el (-ein, -lar), Bible. bibliotek (-et, — ), library. bibliotekari|e (-en, -er), li- brarian. biblisk, Biblical. bid|a (-ade, -at), to abide, a- wait. bidrag (-et, — ), contribution. bijdraga (-drog, -dragit), to contribute; to assist. bifall (-et, — ), assent, acqui- escence, approval, ap- plause. bikt|a (-ade, -at), to confess. biktersk|a (-an, -or), confes- sor, pleader (fern.). bild (-en, -er), picture, figure, image. biid|a (-ade, -at), to form, mold, make, produce. bildning (-en), culture, edu- cation; formation. billig, reasonable, cheap. billigt, within reason, reason- ably. binda (band, bundit), to bind; to be put under obligation; to tie, connect; to fetter, shackle. 112' SVENSK DIKTNINQ Birgitta, Birgitta; heliga Bir- gitta, St. Birgitta. bisarr, bizarre; odd, fantas- tic. biskop (-en, -ar), bishop. bister, liarsh, bitter, severe; rugged, rude. bit -(en, -ar), piece; snatch (of melody). , bita (bet, bitit), to bite; to cut. bitande, biting, sharp. bitter, bitter, severe. bitterhet (-en), bitterness. bjuda (bjod, bjudit), to offer, proffer, tender; to invite; to order, command, compel; to bid; rare pret., bod; bju- da spetsen, to challenge; to offer resistance. bjafs (-et), finery, tinsel, gew- gaw; ruching. bjall<|e (-en, -ar), beam. bjsilklang (-en), tinkle of bells; regular form, bjaller- klang. bjallr|a (-an, -or), bells,- cow- bells. bjork (-en, -ar), birch. bjorn (-en, -ar), bear. bjornjakt (-en, -er), bear hunt. black, tawny, muddy gray. blad (-et, .— ), leaf, blade; sheet. bladbekront, crowned with leaves. bland, among, in, of. bland|a (-ade, -at), to mingle, mix. blank, shiny, polished, bright, burnished. Blanzeflor, character in a medieval ballad. biek, pale. blekja (-te, -t), to whiten. blekn|a (-ade, -at), to pale, grow wan; to fade. bli, (bliva), to be, become. •blick (-en, -ar), look, eye, glance, glimpse; view, out- look. blick|a (-ade, -at), to look, glance. blid, blithe, mild, gentle. blind, blind. blindhet (-en), blindness. blindvis, blindly. blink (-en, -ar), instant, jiffy, second. bliva, (blev, blivit), to be, be- come; to remain; to come into existence. blixt (-en, -ar), lightning, flash. blixtrande, sparkling, scin- tillating, gleaming, shining. Blocksberg, one of several mountains in Germany; spec., Mt. Brocken in the Harz range. blod (-et, rarely -en), blood. blod|as (-ades, -ats), to be stained with blood. blodbestankt, bloodstained. blodig, bloody, gory. blom (-men), bloom, flower. blomdoft (-en, -et, -er), scent, fragrance, perfume, odor (of flowers). blomm|a (-an, -or), flower, blossom. blommla (-ade, -at), to bloom, blossom, flower. blommande, blooming. In bloom. blomst|er (-ret, — ), blossom, flower. blomsterfan|a (ran, -or), flow- ery banner. blomstergSrd (-en, -ar), flow- er garden. blomsterkrans (-en, -ar), gar- land, wreath. blomsterkront, crowned with flowers. VOCABULARY ii:; blomsterlindad, wreathed or decked with flowers. blomstermattja (-an, -or), flowery carpet, carpet of flowers. blomsterrad (-en, -er), flow- ery garland or festoon. blomsterregn (-et, — ), floral shower. blomsterskal (-en, -ar), chal- ice, cup. blomstersnar (-et, — ), tangle or mass of bloom, bloomlnf; shrubbery. blomsterstangjel (-ein, -lar), flower stalk. blonistr|a (-ade, -at), to flour- ish; to blossom. bloss (-et, — ), light, torch, blaze. bloss|a (-ade, -at), to twin- kle, shine, beam, blaze. blott, only, just, merely, nothing but. blott|a (-ade, -at), to lay hare, disclose, expose, reveal; to bare, uncover. blund (-en), slumber, nap. blund|a (-ade, -at), to wink, slumber. blyg|as (-des, -ts), to be a- shamed; to blush; to be shy, basliful, timid. biygd (-en), shame, disgrace, ignominy. biygsam, modest, unostenta- tious, submissive. biygsamhet (-en), modesty, lowliness. biytung, heavy as lead, lead- en, oppressive. bla, blue; det bla, the blue distance; Fagel Bla, "Blue- bird". bian|a (-ade, -at), to turn blue. blanande, turning blue; blue. blasja (-te, -t), to blow. blackhorn (-et, — ), ink-horn. Svensk diktnintj. 8. blandja (-ade, -at), to dazzle, fascinate. blandande, brilliant, dazzling. blangja (-de, -t), to glare. blank|a (-te, -t), to shine, glit- ter, gleam. blb|da (-dde, -tt), to bleed. bo (-et, -n), nest; dwelling, hut, cot, home. bo (-dde, -tt), to live, dwell, reside. bock (-en, -ar), he-goat, buck. bohagsting (-et, — ), house- hold utensil. boj|a (-an, -or), bond, fetter, chain. bok (boken, booker), book, volume. bokhyll|a (-an, -or), bookshelf, bookcase. boll (-en, -ar), ball, sphere. bolstjer (-ret, -rar), cushion, bolster, pillow. bom (-men, -mar), miss (in shooting and various games) . bomullsbuskje (-en, -ar), cot- ton plant. bonde (bonden, bonder), peasant, farmer, country- man. bondestam (-men, -mar), peasant blood or family. bondevis (-et) ; country man- ner; pa bondevis, in peas- ant fashion; after the man- ner of peasants. bondpojk|e (-en, -ar), country boy. boning (-en, -ar), dwelling. bord (-et, — ), table, board. Bore, Boreas, Winter. borg (-en, -ar), castle, palace, stronghold. bopt, away, off, hence. bortbytt, exchanged; substan- tively, changeling. borterst, most distant, far past. 114 SVENSK DIKTNINQ bortglomd, forgotten, neglect- ed. bortom, beyond. bortryok|a (-te, -t), to sum- mon hence; to call away (by death). bort|skara (-skar, -skurit), to out off. bort|vika (-vek, -vikit), to turn away. boskap (-en), cattle, kine. bo|satta (-satte, -satt) sig, to settle down, to locate; to make one's home; vara bo- satt, to live, dwell. bot (boten, boter), cure, rem- edy; boter, fine, damages. bot|a (-ade, -at), to cure, heal, remedy. bott|en (-nen, -nar), bottom. bragd (-en, -er), achievement, exploit. brak (-et, — ), crash, din; thunder, boom, crack. brand (-en), fire, blaze; bran- der, firebrands, glow; mor- gonens brand, glow of dawn, auroral splendor. brant (-en, -er), precipice, steep, brink. brant, steep. bras|a (-an, -or), grate fire, blaze, fire, hearth. bravoskri (-et, — ), shout of bravo, hurrah ; commonly bravorop. bred, broad, wide. breda (bredde, brett), to spread, lay, stretch, scatter. bredvid, beside, nearby. brKJant, brilliant. bring|a (-ade, -at; brakte, brakt), to bring. brink (-en, -ar), bank, steep hillside. brinna (brann, brunnit), to . burn; to shine, twinkle (of stars) ; to glow. brist (-en, -er), fault, defect, flaw, failure, frailty, blem- ish; lack, want, need, scar- city, default. brista (brast, brustit), to break, snap, burst; to lack; to be wanting. bristande, lack of; lacking. bro (-n, -ar), bridge. broder (brodern, broder), brother, friend. brokig, varicolored, motley. brons (-en, -er), bronze. bror (broder), brother. brott (-et, — ), vice, crime; transgression. brud (-en, -ar), bride. brudegang (-en), poet., bridal procession; commonly, bru- d(e)fard. bruk (-et, — ), use; service; mill, factory. bruk|a (-ade, -at), to use, em- ploy. brukspatron (-en, -er), pro- prietor of industrial estab- lishment; manufacturer; ironmaster. brunn (-en, -ar), well, spring. Brunte, name for a brown horse; also brunte, dobbin. brus (-et), roar, rush. brus|a (-ade, -at), to surge, rush, roar. brusande, stormy, uproarious. bry (-dde, -tt), to tease; to trouble, concern, bother. brydsam, embarrassing, try- ing, troublesome, vexed. brygd (-en, -er), brew. bryn (-et, — )■, edge, horizon; brim. bryta (brot, brutit), to break, sever; to force a way; to share (as bread) ; to break off; to burst; to till, cul- tivate. braddjup (-et, — ), precipice. VOCAliirLARY 115 bradskande, eager, hurried. bradstijrtad, precipitous, hur- ried. brak (-et, — ), trouble, ado, bother, pains; fluster, con- fusion. br^kla (-ade, -at), to bother, trouble, worry; braka sitt vett, (sin hjarna), to rack or beat one's brain. bratt, soon, quickly. In haste. brattom (bratt), hurried. In a hurry; ha brattom, to be in a hurry; vara brattom, to be urgent. brackja (-te, -t), to break, shatter. bracklig, frail, slight, fragile. bradd (-en, -ar), verge, edge, rim. braddad, filled, brimminf". braddfull, brimming over, full to the rim. brak|a (-te, -t), to bleat. bran|na (-de, -t), to burn. branning (-en, -ar), breaker, surf, surge. brod (-et, — ), bread, food, nourishment; loaf. brollop (-et, — ), wedding, marriage; marriage feast. brollopstom (-men, -mar), reins decorated for a wed- ding procession. bpost (-et, — ), breast, bosom; heart. briistlidande (-t), affection of the chest or lungs; con- sumption. bubblja (-an, -or), bubble. buckl|a (-an, -or), spec, bulg- ing or rounded part (of a stringed instrument) ; gen., knob ; dent. bud (-et, — ), message, notice, intelligence ; signal ; order, command; skriva bud, to dictate, give orders. budskap (-et, — ), message. buff|el (-ein, -lar), buffalo. bug|a (-ade, -at), to bow, bend. bugning (-en, -ar), bow. bull|er (-ret), noise, din, bus- tle, rumble, rattle, bluster, tumult, uproar, clamor. bunden, bound, shackled, fettered. bur (-en, -ar), cage. burgunder (-n), Burgundy wine. burnus (-en, -ar), burnoose, a cloaklike garment and hood in one piece, worn by Ar- abs. by (-n, -ar), village. bygd (-en, -er), neigborhood, environment, region; tract, settled district. bygg|a (-de, -t), to build, e- rect, construct. ibyt|a (-te, -t), to change, ex- change; to trade; to trans- form; byta ord, to exchange words; to disagree, quar- rel; byta bort, to barter a- way. byte (-t, -n), booty, spoils; trade, exchange, bargain. bad|a (-ade, -at), to announce, forebode. bade, both. bag|e (-en, -ar), bow, arch. bagig, curved, bent; bagiga manen, the curving moon. bang, noise, bluster, fuss, din; ostentation; buller och bang, bluster and blare. bar (-en, -ar), bier; stretch- er, litter. bartack|e (-et, -en), pall. bas (-et, — ), stall. bat|a (-ade, -at), to avail. Vad batar det? What is the use? back (-en, -ar), brook, rivulet. badd (-en, -ar), bed. IIG SVENSK niKTNING badd|a (ade, -at), to make a bed. bagare (-n, — ), beaker, drink- ing cup, goblet. balte (-t, -n), belt. bara (bar, burit), to bear, car- ry, bring; to bring forth; bara ... drag, to resemble; buren av, characterized by, distinguished for; bara e- mot, to be disagreeable. bast, iiest, foremost. bav|a (-ade, -at), to quake, tremble. bavan, trembling. boja (-de, -t), to bend, bow, inflect; bbja sig, to yield, submit. bojelse (-n, -r), passion, af- fection, infatuation; tend- ency. bol|a (-ade, -at), to bellow, low, moo. bolj|a (-an, -or), wave, billow. boljande, undulating, rocking, tossing. boljeslag (-et, — ), wave-beat; lapping or dashing of waves, bon (-en, -er), prayer, suppli- cation. b6nhor|a (-de, -t), to hear prayer; to grant a petition, bonkapell (-et, — ), chapel, house of prayer. bBra (borde, bort), ought, should; sometimes in the sense of bpra gora, ought to do, or borde hava gjort, ought to have one. bord (-en), birth, noble birth. bbrj|a (-ade, -at), to begin, start. borjan, beginning, outset, start. bors (-en, -ar), purse. boss|a (-an, -or), gun, rifle. Camilla, CamlUe, priestess in the temple of Diana, hero- ine of an epic poem by Creutz. ced|er (-ern, -rar), cedar. Celadon, favorite name for a lover in pastoral poetry. Celadondrion, arbitrary trans- formation of Celadon. cell (-en, -er), cell, chamber. central, central, chief, prin- cipal. centaur (-en, -er), centaur. centr|um (-a), commonly cen- tjer (-ern, -rer), center. char (-en, -er), chariot, car. Charlotta, Charlotte. cirk|el (-ein, -lar), circle, ring. cittr|a (-an, -or), zither. Cupid, Cupldo, (also Kupido), Cupid, god of love; com- monly Amor. cymbal (-en, -er), cymbal. D. dag (-en, -ar), day, daylight, light, dawn; i vara dagar (dar), in our day, time; lagga i dagen, to show, dis- play, present. dagas (-ades, -ats), to dawn. dag|er (-ern, -rar), daylight, dawn, light. dagg (-en), dew, dewdrop. dagligen, daily, day by day. dagligt, dally. dagsled (-en, -er), day's march or journey. da! (-en, -ar), valley, dale, vale. Dalarna, Dalecarlia (curious- ly formed from dalkarl, a man of this province), lit, The Dales. dallrja (-ade, -at), to quaver, vibrate. VOCABUI.AUY 117 dalmalning (-en, -ar), paint- ing from Dalarna (Dale- carlia) . Dalalven, river in Dalarna. damm (-et), dust. damm|a (-ade, -at), to dust. dans (-en, -ar or -er), dance. dcinsjai (-ade, -at), to dance; to gambol. dansersk|a (-an, -or), dancer (fern.), danseuse. dansk, Danish. dar (dagar), days. darr|a (-ade, -at), to flicker; to tremble, quaver, waver. data, data, facts; datum (sg.), date. de, the, they, those. debut (-en, -er), debut. debuter|a (-ade, -at), to make one's debut. december, December. dejiig, bonny, pretty, blithe. del (-en, -ar), part, portion, fraction; komma. . .till del, to be accorded (some one). del|a (-ade, -at), to divide, distribute; to give out, dis- pense; to impart (cf. med- dela) ; to share. delfln (-en, -er), dolphin. dels, partly. delta (-t or -n), delta. deijtaiga (-tog, -tagit), to take part, participate, assist. deltagande (-t), participation; syinpathy. delvis, partly, in part. dem, them, those. demokratlser|as (-ades, -ats), to be democratized. den, the, that, he, it, that one, whoever. den och den, such and such. denna, denne, this, this one; he, she. dens, his, of that one, of him, of her. densamma, the same; him, her (in obj. case). deras, their, theirs. dess, its, ju. . .dess, the. . .the. dessa, these. desto, the, all the; ju. . .des- to, the. . .the. det, it, the, that, what; what- ever; there (as, det finns, there are). detsamma, the same, it; i or med detsamma, at once, in an instant, instantly, at that mioment. detta, this, this one. Dexippos, Dexippus, Greek historian. dig, you, thee. dign]a (-ade, -at), to fall; to sink to the ground. dikt (-en, -er), poem, verses; poetic work; poetrj'; poetic , endeavor; song. dikt|a (-ade, -at), tO' indite, compose;' to write (verse or fiction) ; to conceive. diktcyk|el (-ein, -ler or -lar), cycle of poems. dikthafte (-t, -n), small book of verse. diktkonst (-en), poetry, poesy, authorship. diktning (-en), poetry, poesy, fiction. diktsamling (-en, -ar), collec- tion of poems or poetic works. diktverk (-et, — ), poetic work. dillkott (-et), meat prepared with dill or served with dill sauce. dlmm|a (-an, -or), fog, haze, obscurity. din, your, yours, thine. DIonysos, Dionysus, Bacchus. direkt, direct, directly. disputer|a (-ade, -at), to dis- cuss, dispute. 118 SVENSK DIKTNING dit, thither, whither, thereto, to which. ditat, in that direction. djup (-et, — ), deep, abyss, depth. djup, deep, profound, deep- laid. djupsinnig, profound, medita- tive. djupt, far below. djur (-et, — ), animal, crea- ture. DJurgarden, park at Stock- holm; lit., the Zoo. Djurgardsek (-en, -an), oaks in DjurgS,rden, a park in Stockholm. djarv, rash, brave, arrogant; resolute; ringing, rousing. djarvhet (-en, -er), bravery, rashness, arrogance. docent (-en, -er), instructor, assistant professor. dock, yet, nevertheless, still, however. doft (-en or -et, -er), fra- grance, odor, scent. doft|a (-ade, -at), to give out fragrance; to exhale sweet odors; to smell (sweet). doftande, fragrant. dogm (-en, -er), dogma, doc- trine. dok (-et, — ), veil. doktorsgrad (-en, -er), doc- tor's degree. dold, hidden, secret, secluded. dalsk, wily, designing, crafty, insidious. dom (-en, -ar), verdict, judg- ment, decision. domn|a (-ade, -at), to grow numb, dull, dormant; to abate, subside (as wind, storm) ; to doze away, drop into a light slumber. domprost (-en, -ar), dean. dotter (dottern, dottrar), daughter. dotter|son (-sonen, -soner), grandson. dov, dull, hollow. dovt, with a hollow sound, dismally. drabant (-en, -er), attendant, satellite, aide. drabb|a (-ade, -at), to strike; to befall; to attack; stri- den drabbar hard, the bat- tle rages fiercely. drag (-et, — ), feature, char- acteristic, mark; counte- nance; draught; breath of air, breeze, current. draga (drog, dragit), to bear; to draw, attract; to bring out; to raise; to wear; draga ut pa tiden, to taken a long time, grow tedious. dragharmonik|a (-an, -or), ac- cordion. drak]e (-en, -ar), dragon. dram (-en, -er), drama. dram|a (-at, -er), drama. dramatisk, dramatic. drap]a (-an, -or), dirge, thren- ody, death-song. dricka (drack, druckit), to drink; to carouse; dricka . . .till, to drink to; to drink the health of. drill (-en, -ar), trill, warble, run, quaver. driv|a (-an, -or), drift, snow- drift, bank of snow. driva (drev, dhvit), to drive; to drift. drivjen (-et), chased, emboss- ed, hammered, tooled; dri- vet silver, chased silver. dropp|a (-ade, -at), to drop, drip. drottning (-en, -ar), queen. druck|en, drunken, intoxi- cated. drunnlja (-ade, -at), to stumble along; to move clumsily. drumlig, awkward, clumsy. VOCAEULAEY 119 drunkn|a (-ade, -at), to drown; to be submerged. druv]a (-an, -or), grape, clus- ter of grapes. dryck (-en, -er), drink, potion. dryft|a (-ade, -at), tO' discuss. drakt (-en, -er), gown, dress, costume; form. drang (-en, -ar), manservant, hired man; menial. drank|a (-te, -t), to drown. drankning (-en), drowning. droj|a (-de, -t), to linger, tar- ry, stay, remain. drom (-men, -mar), dream. drom|ma (-de, -t), to dream. drommande, dreamy, fanci- ful, meditative, contempla- tive; dreamily. drdmmersk|a (-an, -or), dream- er. dromsjuk, melancholy. du, you, thou. dubbel, double, twofold. dubbelt, doubly, twice. dug|a (-de, -t), to be good for, to be fit, suitable (for) ; to be good enough; duga till, to be good for, able (to). duk|a (-ade, -at), to set the table; bordet ar dukat, the table is spread. dukat (-en, -er), ducat. dukning (-en), setting the table, laying covers. dum, foolish, idiotic, sense- less, nonsensical; Dummer, old form of dum, used as a proper name. dumhet (-en, -er), folly, fool- ishness. dummerjons (-en, -ar), tom- fool, simpleton, dunce, dul- lard. Dunciad (-en), the Dunciad, by Alexander Pope. dundergud (-en, -ar), god of thunder, thunderer. dunderslag (-et, — ), thunder- stroke; flg., stupendous achievement. dundrar|e (-en or -n, — ), thunderer. dunkel, gloomy, dark, faint, dim; obscure; indistinct. dunkelhet (-en), dimness, gloom; vagueness obscu- rity. dunstia (-ade, -at), to smell of; to evaporate. dunvarm, warm and downy. duv|a (-an, -or), dove, pigeon. duvtorn (-et, — ), pigeon tow- er. dvala (-n), sleep, lethargy, dormancy, stupor. dvaljas (dvaldes, dvalts) te dwell, to sojourn; to re- main. dvarg (-en, -ar), dwarf, ^ gnome, pygmy. dvargaham, -hamn (-en, -ar), dwarflike figure, pygmy. dvargalat (-en, -ar), howling of pygmies. dygd (-en, -er), virtue. dygn (-et, — ), day of twenty- four hours, a day and a night. dyka (dok or dykte, dykt), to dive. dylik, such, similar; dyllkt, such like, such things. dynande, surging; dynande vag, breaker. dyning (-en, -ar), surge, surf. dyr, dear, precious, priceless. dyrk (-en, -ar), picklock, skeleton key. dyrk|a (-ade, -at), to worship, adore. dyrkan, worship, adoration. dyrkopt, high-priced; hard- earned. dyster, gloomy, dreary, cheer- less, somber. 120 SVENSK DIKTNIKG da, then, when, at that time; da och da, now and then, occasionally, dad (-et, — ), deed, exploit, achievement, dan (-et, — ), noise, din, rush, roar. dan|a (-ade, -at), to roar, rush, rumble, boom. dar|e (-en, -ar), fool, darhusdad <-et, — ), mad deed, idiotic act, folly, lunacy, darskap (-en, -er), folly, mad- ness ; absur(|ity ; extrava^ gances. datid (-en), that time, that period. dam|ma (-de, -t), to dam, stem, hem in; to Impede, confine, d. a. (den aldre), the elder. damp|a (-ade, -at), to dim, darken; to subdue, sup- press. dar, there, where. darefter, after, thereafter. daremot, on the contrary. daribland, among them. darifran, thence, from that place; away (from it); from it. darigenom, thereby. darinne, within (it), in it. darjamte, also, besides, more- over. darnast, next in order, next (to it). darom, about it, to that, con- cerning that, as to that, in that respect. darstades, there; in that place, locality. dartill, thereto, thereof, of It; furthermore, in addition. darunder, beneath, under it. daruppe, up yonder, aloft, on high. darur, out of it, from it, thence. daruti, therein, in it. daven, muggy, damp, moist. do (dog, dott), to die, pass away. dbd, (-en, rarely -ar), death, mortality. dbd, dead, unfeeling, callous. dodlig, deadly, mortal, fatal. dodsbadd (-en, -ar), deathbed. dodsdomd, pronounced incur- able. dbdssjuk, mortally sick. dodssang (-en, -er), death song; dirge, requiem. dodsangest (-en), fear of death. doija (dolde, dolt), to hide, conceal, cover. dom|a (-de, -t), to judge. dorr (-en, -ar), door. dbv, deaf. dbv|a (-ade, -at), to dull, dead- en; ease, reduce, alleviate; to deafen, stupefy. Eden, Eden, paradise. eder (edert, edra), thy, thine, thee; you, your, yours. edging (-en, -ar), oath, tak- ing oath. edra, thy, thine; you, yours. efter, after, since; giva efter, to consent, yield, submit. efterhand, gradually, by and hy. efterlamn|a (-ade, -at), to leave behind; to leave. efterskankja (-te, -t), to re- mit; to give up, resign. eftertra|da (-dde, -tt), to suc- ceed, follow. egen, own; peculiar. egendom (-en, -ar), posses- sion, property, estate. VOCA73ULAKY 121 egendomlig, peculiar, charac- teristic. egenskap (-en, -er), quality, characteristic, trait. egentligen, properly, actually, really. egoncentriker (-n, — ), ego- centric, a self-centered per- son. Egypten, Egypt. egyptisk, Egyptian. eho, whoever. ehuru, although, though. ej, not. ejd|er (-ern, -ran), elder down, eider duck. ek (-en, -ar), oalt. eko (-t, -n), echo. ekonomisk, economical, flna.n- cial; ekonomiskt, econom- ically, financially. eld (-en, -ar), flre, flame, heat. eldhag (-en), fiery determina- tion, enthusiasm. eldig, fiery, Impetuous. eldsvad|a (-an, -or), fire, con- flagration. elegant, elegant, graceful, re- fined. element (-et, — or -er), ele- ment. elementarlaroverk (-et, — ), college, lyceum, graded school. eller, or, otherwise. elva, eleven. elande (-t), misery, sorrow, wretchedness. embry|o, embry|on (-ot, -a), germ, embryo. emedan, because, whereas, in- asmuch as. emellan, mellan, between, a- mong. emellertid, however, mean- while, in any event. emot, against, toward. en, a, an, one. ena, one thing, single thing, essential; det ena, that one thing, the essential thing. enastaende, unique, unparal- leled. endast, only, merely, just. enformlgt, monotonously. engelska (-n), English, the English language. enkel, plain, simple, single. enkelhet (-en), simplicity, art- lessness. enkom, especially, particular- ly, alone. ens; med ens, at once, sud- denly, immediately, instant- ly. ensam, alone, lone, lonely, lonesome, solitary. ensamhet (-en), solitude, lone- liness. ensamhetskansil|a (-an, -or), feeling of loneliness. ensamhetssorg (-en, -er), mel- ancholy ; silent, solitary mourning. ensamhetsstallning (-en), soli- tariness, segregation. ensidig, one-sided, narrow. ensklld, private, single. ensllg, lone, lonely, solitary, dreary. ensllghet (-en), loneliness, solitude. ensling (-en, -ar), recluse, her- mit. entusiastlsk, enthusiastic, ea- ger. envar, every one. enar, because, for the reason that. eon (-en, -er), seon, age. epilog (-en, -er), epilogue. episk, epic, epical. epok (-en, -er), epoch, period, era. er, your, you; thy, thee. 122 SVENSK DIKTNING er|bjuda (-bjod, offer. -bjudit), to er|halla (-holl, -hallit), to re- ceive, obtain, secure. Erik, Eric. erkand, acknowledged, recog- nized. erkannande (-t, -n), recogni- tion, acbinowledgment. erkansl|a (-an), recognition. ers, your; in titles, as, Ers Majestat, your Majesty. erbvr|a -(-ade, -at), to con- quer, subdue; to win, gain. essay (-n, -er), essay. essayist (-en, -er), essayist. estetik, esthetics. ett, a, an, one; i ett, together, continuously, med ett, in- stantly. Europa, Europe. europeisk, European, conti- nental European. evad, whatever, whether. evangelisk, evangelical. evig, eternal, everlasting; den Evige, the Eternal One. evighet (-en, -er), eternity. evighetshopp (-et), hope of eternity (eternal life). evigt, eternally, forever, al- ways. evoe, evoe, bacchanalian ex- clamation. evardlig, eternal, everlasting. exakt, exact. exceilens (-en, -er), excellen- cy. excipe (L.), excepting. exemp|el (-iet, — ), example, instance. exercis (-en), drill, exercise, esp. military drill. exister|a (-ade, -at), to exist. extratag (-et, — ), special train. fab|el (-ein, -ler), fable, story, tale. fabrik (-en, -er), factory, workshop. fackl|a (-an, -or), torch. fader (fadern, fader), father; Fadern, Fadren, the (heav- enly) Father. faderlig, fatherly, paternal, providential. faderskap (-et), fatherhood. fadersiapp (-en, -ap), a fa- ther's lips. fager, fair, pretty, comely, handsome. fal, for sale; wanton, merce- nary. falang (-en, -er), phalanx. fall (-et, — ), fall; case, in- stance; waterfall, cataract, cascade; destruction, catas- trophe. falla (foil, fallit), to fall; fal- ia. . .in, to occur to. fallen, fallen. fallenhet (-en), inclination, disposition. faln|a (-ade, -at), to fade, wither; to be blighted; rarely tr., to blight. falsk, false, deceitful, treach- erous ; unreliable, untrust- worthy; counterfeit. falskhet (-en), falsity, decep- tion, deceitfulness, treach- ery, perfidy, deceit. faml|a (-ade, -at), to grope. famn (-en), embrace, arms, bosom. famn|a (-ade, -at), to em- brace; to fathom; to sur- round. famntag (-et, — ), embrace. fan|a (-an, -or), flag, banner. fantasi (-en, -er), fancy, imag- ination, fantasy. VOCABULABY 123 faYitasivarld (en, -ar), world of fancy; imaginary world. Fantasos, fancy, fantasy (per- sonified). fantast (-en, -er), fantast, dreamer, visionary. fantastisk, fantastic, dreamy, visionary. fantiser|a (-ade, -at), to dream; to give free reins to one's fancy. far (fader), father. far|a (-an, -or), peril, danger. fara (for, farit), to rush; to travel, journey, fare; to pass. far|far, farjfader (-fadern), grandfather. farkost (-en, -er), vessel, craft, bark. farlig, dangerous, unsafe, risky, hazardous. fart (-en), speed, pace; acti- vity; passage. fartyg (-et, — ), ship, vessel. farval, farewell, good-bye. fas|a (-an, -or), horror, terror. fason (-en, -er), fashion, style; form, shape; man- ner. fast, firm, fixed, fast. fast, although. fastan, although. fat (-et, — ), plate, platter, bowl. fatt (fast), hold of, fast, up with; fa fatt, to get hold of, seize; ga fatt, to catch up with. fatt|a (-ade, -at), to seize, grasp; to comprehend, un- derstand; to embrace. fattig, poor, needy, indigent, impoverished, meager, des^ titute. faun (-en, -er), faun. Faust, Faust, a character in literature, treated by Goe- the, Marlowe (as Paustus), Rydberg, and others. Febus, Phoebus, the sun-god. feg, cowardly. feghet (-en), cowardice. fej (-et), cleaning, polishing. fejdenamn (-et, — ), contro- versial name. fel (-et, — ), fault, error, mis- take. fel|a (-ade, -at), to err, fail; to make a mistake. fel|as (-ades or -tes, -ats), to be lacking, wanting; to fall short. fern, five. femhundra, five hundred. femtio, femti, fifty. femtiara, semicentennial. femton, fifteen. fenomenal, phenomenal. fest (-en, -er), festival, feast. festlik, festlig, festive. festtag (-et, — ), procession, parade. fet, fat, chubby, fleshy. fete (-n, -r), festival. fib|er (-ern, -rer), fiber. fiende (-n, -r), enemy, foe, an- tagonist. figur, (-en, -er), figure, charac- ter. fik|a (-ade, -at), to yearn for; to strive; to covet; reg., fika efter (not for). filosof (-en, -er), philosopher, thinker. filosofi (-en or -n), philosophy. filosofie, of philosophy (in de- grees, as filosofie doktor). fiiosofisk, philosophical. fin, fine, exquisite, dainty, elegant, delicate; slender. finbildad, highly educated, highly aiccomplished, eruV dite. fing|er (-ern, or -ret, -rar), finger. 124 SVENSK DIKTNINO finna (fann, funnit), to find, discover; finna pa, to dis- cover, devise; finna upp, to invent. finnas (fanns, funnits), to be, exist; to be found; to be discovered. finsk, Finnish. fintlig, inventive, clever. fir|a (-ade, -at), to celebrate, commemorate. flsl to earn. fbryngr|as (-ades, -ats), to grow yoTing; to be rejuve- nated, fbraldrar, parents. fbralsk|a (-ade, -at) sig, to fall in love; to be enamored, fbralskad, enamored, smitten. fbrandr|a (-ade, -at), to change, alter, transmute. fbrb|da (-dde, -tt), to lay waste, despoil, devastate, ravage, ruin; to squander. gack (ga), go. gagn (-et), use, utility. gagnlbs, useless, vain, unprof- itable, idle. gala (gol, galit), to crow. galaklader, festive garb. gammal, old, aged, ancient, venerable. gammaldags, old-fashioned. gammalsvensk, old Swedish. VOCABTOABY 133 gamman, mirth, glee, merri- ment. ganska, very, quite, rather. garde (-t, -n), guard. garnering (-en, -ar), trim- ming, passementerie; ruf- fle. gat|a (-an, -or), street, ave- nue. Gautjod, poetic name for Sweden. gavjel (-ein, -lar), gable. ge (gaf, gett), short form of giva, to give. gemak (-et, — ), apartment. gemen, common, mean, ordi- nary, lowly, abject. gemensam, common, general. genast, instantly, at once. general (-en, -er), general. gengald (-en), return, com- pensation. geni|us (-en, -er), genius, spirit. genkansl|a (-an, -or), re- sponse, sympathy, recipro- cation. genljud (-et, — ), echo. gen|ljuda (-Ijbd, -Ijudit), to resound, echo. genom, through, by, through- out; by means of. genom|bryta (-brot, -brutit), to break through; to over- come. genomjga (-gick, -gatt), to go through; to pass, traverse. genomvandrja (-ade, -at), to pass through, traverse. gensagelse (-n, -r), contradic- tion. gent, straight, directly. gentemot, over against, as a- gainst; in contradiction to; opposite to. gestalt (-en, -er), figure, form, shape; apparition. gestaltningskraft (-en, er), creative power. get (-en, -ter), goat; in sg. esp., she-goat. gift (-et, -er), poison. giftermal (-et, — ), marriage. gig|a (-an, -or), harp. gille (-t, -n), guild, society, club, union. girig, greedy; eager; prompt. giss|a' (-ade, -at), to guess. gissjel (-let, — ), scourge, lash. gisselslag (-et, — ), stroke of the lash or scourge. glssl|a (-ade, -at), to lash, flog, scourge. giva (gav, givit), or ge (gav), gett), to give; det ar givet, that is certain, admitted; undoubtedly. gjuta (got, gjutit), to pour; to shed; to mold. glad, glad, merry, joyous, de- lighted, delightful, happy, pleased. gladlynt beaming, benign, in pleasant mood. glans (-en), brilliancy, bright- ness, splendor. glasyr (-en, -er), glaze, glaz- ing. glatt, gladly, joyfully. glimm|a (-ade, -at), to gleam. glim).|a (-ade, -at), to glint, flash. glindr|a (-ade, -at), to glitter. glitt|er (-ret), glitter, glamor, show, display; tinsel. glittr|a (-ade, -at), to glitter, gleam. glittrande, glittering, gleam- ing, shining. glamig, glassy, dim, misty, sallow, wan. gladja (gladde, glatt, glatt), to gladden, please, delight; gladja sig, to rejoice, ex- ult; to be delighted. 134 SVKNSK DIKTNING gladjas (gladdes, glatts), to rejoice. gladje (-n), joy, gladness, de- light. gladjeskrud (-en, -ar), robes of joy, garb of pleasure. gladjetSr (-en, -ar), tear of joy. , glansande, shiniug, lustrous, brilliant, illustrious. glattig, merry, glad, jovial, mirthful. glod (-en, -er), glow. glb|da (-dde, -tt), to glow. glbm|ma (-de, -t), to forget, ignore; to omit, neglect. glomsk, forgetful. glomska (-n), oblivion. gnist|a (-an, -or), spark. gnistr|a (-ade, -at), to twinkle, sparkle. gnistrande, sparkling. gny (-dde, -tt), to moan. gnagg|a (-ade, -at), to whin- ny, neigh. gnall (-et), whine. god, good, kind, fair, sound, hearty, sweet, favorable, easy, comfortable. goddag or god dag, good morning, how do you do? A form of address at meet- ing, not at parting (as, good day). godhet (-en), goodness, kind- ness, mercy. godo; komma till godo, to benefit. gods (-et, — ), goods, prop- erty; gods och guld, wealth. golv (-et, — ), floor. goEs|e (-en, -ar), boy, lad. gossebarm (-en, -ar), youth- ful breast. gosselynne (-t, -n), youthful spirits, boyish disposition. gosseskar|a (-an, -or), crowd or concourse of boys. got (-en, -er), Goth. gotisk, Gothic. gott (god), good, well. grad (-en, -er), degree, grade. gran (-en, -ar), pine. grand (-et, — ), particle, whit, bit, iota. grann, pretty, handsome. grannje (-en, -ar), neighbor. grannfoik (-et, — ), neighbor- ing nation. granngalsmamsell (-en, -er), young lady of the neighbor- hood. grannskap (-et, — ), neighbor- hood, vicinity. granskning -(en, -ar), review, examination. grant, clearly, distinctly. grantopp (-en, -ar), top of the pine. gratie (-n, -r), grace, pi., Graces. gratuler|a (-ade, -at), to con- gratulate, felicitate. grav (-en, -ar), grave, tomb. gravvalv (-et, — ), funeral vault, vaulted tomb, mau- soleum. greklsk, Greek, Grecian. greklska (-n), Greek lan- guage, Greek. Grekland, Greece. gren (-en, -ar), branch, limb. grev|e (-en, -ar), count. grevinnja (-an, -or), countess. grevlig, belonging to a count or countess. grevskap (-et, — ), county; shire, earldom; used by Lenngren, like herrskap, for count and countess. grift (-en, -er), grave, tomb. grind (-en, -ar), gate. gripa (grep, gripit), to seize; to overwhelm; gripa till, to begin. gro (-dde, -tt), to grow. VOCABULARY 135 grop (-en, -ar), pit, hole, cav- ity, cave. grov, coarse, rough, rugged, husky, robust. grubblja (-ade, -at), to brood over; to ruminate on; to puzzle over. grumlja (-ade, -at), to muddle, muddy; to soil, becloud, dim, obscure. grund (-en, -er), ground; ba- sis, foundation; principle; bottom, depth; soil; i g run- den, at bottom, fundamen- tally; pa grund av, on ac- count of, ov(ring to, In con- sequence of. grundlighet, thoroughness, depth, profundity. grundlaggare (-n, — ), found- er, pioneer, originator. grundritning (-en, -ar), ground plan, sketch. grundton (-en, -er), dominant note. grus (-et), dust, debris, rub- bish, gravel. grus|a (-ade, -at), to destroy, devastate, ruin. gruv|a (-an, -or), mine. gruvlig, fearful, terrible, dire, dreadful. gry (-dde, -tt), to dawn, rise. grym, brutal. grymt, brutally, harshly. gryning (-en, rarely -ar), dawn, dawning. grytja (-an, -or), pot. graharad, gray-haired. gran|a (-ade, -at), to turn gray. grSt (-en), weeping, crying, tears, grief, lamentation. grata (grSt, gratit), to weep, lament, cry; to shed tears. gratogd, tearful, lachrymose. gral (-et, — ), quarrel, strife. grand (-en, -er), alley, court. grans (-en, -er), limit, bound- ary, bounds. granslos, boundless, illimit- able, extreme. gras (-et, — ), grass. gravla (-de, -t), to dig, delve. grodja (-an, -or), crop, har- vest. gron, green, verdant. Grondal, Greendale. gronkladd, garbed in green, verdant. gronmantlad, green-mantled, attired in green. gronsk|a (-ade, -at), to grow or turn green; to become covered with verdure. gronskande, growing or turn- ing green; shading into green. gubbje (-en, -ar), old man. gud (-en, -ar), god, idol; o gudar, ye gods. Gud (-en), God. gudaberg (-et, — ), mount of the gods. gudadans (-en, -ar, -er), dance of the gods. gudaord (-et, — ), word of God, divine word. gudastam (-men), godlike race, race of gods. gudasand, sent by God, heav- enly, supernal. gudingiven, inspired, divine. gudloshet (-en), godlessness, wickedness, irreverence, impiety. gudom (-en), godhead; God, divinity. gudomlig, godlike, divine. gudomlighet (-en, -er), god- head, divinity. Gudsmoder (-n), Mother of God, Holy Mother. guitarr (-en, -er), guitar; al- so gitarr. gul, yellow; sallow, faded. 136 SVENSK DIKTNING guld (-et), gold. guldgrund (-en), golden back- ground. guldmoln (-en, — ), golden clouds. guldsmidd, gold-mounted, gold-beaten. guldtrdd (-en, -ar), gold cord. gull (-et), gold, treasure. gullgul, golden. gullhirig, golden-haired. gullvingad, golden-winged. gulnad, faded, yellowed by age. gumm|a (-an, -or), old wom- an, old lady. gung|a (-ade, -at), to rock; to stir, agitate; to toss; to wave, undulate. gunst (-en), favor, grace, good will, kindness, benefit, boon. gunstling (-en, -ar), favorite. Gustav, Gustav, Gustave, Gus- tavus. gustavlad (-en, -er), Gusta- viad, heroic poem on any of the Gustavian kings. gustavlansk, Gustavian, with specific reference to the time of Gustavus III. of Sweden. gustavisk, Gustavian. gyckelblld (-en, -er), illusion. gyllene, gyllne, golden. ga (gick, gatt), to go, walk; to run; ga an, to be permis- sible; det gar an, it will do, it will pass, very well; det gSr, it works, it can be done. gal (-n), yard, lawn; farm- house; colloq. for gird. gtng (-en, -er), time; en gang, some time, once, once on a time; pa en g3ng, at one time, simultaneously; en och annan gSng, now and then. gSng (-en), gait, pace; walk; movements; gSngar, walks, paths. gangjarn (-en, — ), hinge. gkr; I gar, yesterday; i gar afton, last evening, night. gard (-en, -ar), farmhouse, farm, homestead, manse, manor, grange; yard, lawn. gas (-en, gass), goose. gat|a (-an, -or), riddle. gatfullhet (-en), mystery. gav|a (-an, -or), gift, pres- ent; talent, accomplish- ment; blessing. gack (-en, -ar), fool. gack|a (-ade, -at), to deceive, delude, mock, elude; to baffle, defeat, disappoint, thwart, fool. gallja (-de, -t), to mean; to amount to; to be in force; to be valid; to pass for; to be a question of. gangse, common, usual, tra- ditional, accepted, custom- ary. (Archaic form cor- responding to gaende, go- ing, and gangbar, passing current.) garna, fain, lief, willingly, well, gladly, readily. gast (-en, -er), guest, stran- ger, visitor, sojourner. go|da (-dde, -tt), to feed, fat- ten, batten; to glut (one- self). gom|ma (-de, -t), to hide, conceal; to contain. gora (gjorde, gjort), to do, make, accomplish, cabse; to form. Goran, George. gbromal (-en, — ), employ- ment, work, duties, busi- ness. got (pret. of gjuta), shed, poured. VOCABDLABT 137 Goteborg, Gothenburg, gotisk, Gothic. Gotiska forbundet, the Gothic Society. H. ha, ah, aha.. hackelse (-t), chopped straw, chaff. Hades, Hades, the lower re- gions. hag|e (-en, ar), enclosure, pasture. hagtorn (-en), hawthorn. hak|a (-an, -or), chin. halk|a (-an, -or), slippery place, icy slope. hall (-en, -ar), roclc, slab, crag; commonly hall. halm (-en), straw. hals (-en, -ar), neck, throat. halt|a (-ade, -at), to halt, limp. halvsagd, half uttered, half pronounced. halviaten, half-eaten, partly consumed. ham, hamn (-en, -ar), phan- tom, ghost, wraith, specter. hamn (-en, -ar), haven, port; retreat. hamr|a (-ade, -at), to ham- mer, pound, strike, beat. han, he. hand (handen, hander), hand; poet, handren for hander- na; efter hand, by degrees; till handa or hands, at hand, present; pa egen hand, on one's own ac- count. handel (-n), commerce, trade, business. handelstidning, mercantile journal. handfull, handful. handgriplig, tangible. handl|a (-ade, -at), to act; to strive. handling (-en, -ar), document, paper; act, action. han|e (-en, -ar), cock, rooster; male, bans, his. bantering (-en, -ar), handling, manipulation. hantverks|man (-mannen, -man), artisan, workman. har|e (-en, -ar), hare, rabbit, harjakt (-en, -er), rabbit hunt, harm (-en), anger, mortifica- tion, indignation, vexation; injury, peril, harmoni (-en, -er), harmony. barp|a (-an, -or), harp, haschischrok (-en), hashish smoke, fumes, hast, haste, hurry, rapidity; i hast, i en hast, suddenly, of a sudden, in haste; med bast, quickly, hastily, hastja (-ade, -at), to hasten, hurry, bastig, rapid, quick, sudden. hastigt, suddenly, at once, rapidly, hat (-et), hate, hatred, hatt (-en, -ar), hat. bav (-et, — ), sea, ocean, main, hava (hade, haft), to have, own, possess. hed (-en, -er), heath, field, beder (-n), honor, glory, bedersdag (-en, -ar), day of honor, bedersmag (-en, -ar), favorite son-in-law. hel, whole, entire, all; I det stora hela, taken altogether, in the aggregate. hel|a (-ade, -at), to heal, cure, remedy; to make whole. belg|a (-ade, -at), to conse- crate, sanctify, dedicate. 138 SVENSK DIKTNING helgad, sacred, sanctified, consecrated, dedicated, de- voted. helgdagskjortjel (-ein, -lar), holiday dress, festive garb. helgedom (-en, -ar), sanctu- ary. helgemalsringning (-en), ves- per bells just preceding Sunday or other church holiday. helgsmal, vespers before a holiday. helig, holy, sacred; def., he- liga or helga. helikonsk, of Helicon, the mountain of Apollo and the Muses. hell, hail. hellen (-en, -er), Grecian. heller, either; ej heller, nei- ther, nor. hell re, rather. heist, preferably, especially, rather. he It, wholly, entirely, fully, totally, quite; rather; very; helt visst, certainly, doubt- less; helt och hallet, alto- gether, wholly, perfectly, totally; helt sakert, helt visst, very likely, most cer- tainly. hem (-met, — ), home, house. hembygd (-en, -er), native place; environments of one's birthplace. hemfard (-en, -er), return home; journey or voyage homeward. hemforja (-de, -t), to bring home. hemgard (-en, ar), homestead. hem|komma (-kom, -kommit), to come home; to return (home) . hemland (-et), home land, native country. hemllg, secret, hidden, sur- reptitious. hemligt, unawares, unbe- known. hemlighet (-en, -er), secret. hemlighetsfull, mysterious. hemlighetsfullhet (-en), se- crecy, mysteriousness. hemliv (-et), home life, do- mestic life, family life. hemsk, grim, ghastly, weird, dismal, grewsome, awful, horrible. hemskt, horribly, grimly, aw- fully. hemtrevlig, homelike, homely, cozy. hemat, homeward. hemo (-n), native isle. henne, her. hennes, her, hers. Henrik, Henry. Herakles, Hercules, Hera- cles. herd|e (-en, -ar), shepherd, herdsman; lover (in pas- toral poetry). herdekvade (-t, -n), pastoral. herdmn|a (-an, -or), shep- herdess; lady love (in pas- toral and idyllic poetry). Hercules, Herkules, Hercules. herr, mister, sir. herravalde (-1), sovereignty, rule, sway, dominion. herr|e (-en, -ar), master, gen- tleman, lord. herre|man (-mannen, -man), gentleman, lord. Herren (Herran), the Lord. herrskap (-et, — or -er), couple, as, lord and lady, Mr. and Mrs.; a party of ladies and gentlemen. Herta, poet.. Earth, Terra. Hesperien, Hesperia, The Western Land. het, hot. VOCABULARY 139 heta (hette, hetat), to be named; jag heter, my name is; det heter, it is said. hetta (-n), heat. himlabarn (-et, — ), child of heaven. himlaboren, heaven-born; of divine origin. himlaburen, heaven-bom, di- vine, sublime. himlafard (-en, -er), poet., heavenly course, orbit; commonly, ascension. himilaljus (-et, — ), heavenly light liim|mel (-mein, -melen, or -len, -lar), heaven, sky. himrrelsbia, sky-blue, heaven- ly blue. himmelsk, heavenly, divine, supernal. hindjer (-ret, — ), obstacle, hindrance, barrier. hindr|a (-ade, -at), to hinder, prevent. hingst (-en, -ar), stallion. hinna (hann, hunnit), to reach; to acquire; to over- take; to have time; to gain, arrive at. hinsidan, on the other side, beyond. histori|a (-en, -er), history, story; pi., stories, tales; fig., nonsense. historieskrivare (-n, — ), his- torian. historieverk (-et, — ), his- torical VSfOTk. hit, hither, here. hitt|a (-ade, -at), to find; hitta pa, to stumble upon; to devise, discover. hittebarn (-et, — ), foundling, orphan. hittills, hitherto. hjon (-et, — ), helpmate; in- mate, servant. hjord (-en, -ar), herd, flock. hjul (-et), wheel. hjalp|a (-te, -t; halp, hulpit), to help, aid, assist. hjalplos, helpless, hjalte (-en, -ar), hero, hjaltedikt (-en, -er), heroic poem, hjaltegestalt (-en, -er), heroic figure, hero, hjalteliv (-et), life of a hero, heroism. hjaltesagja (-an, -or), tale of a hero or of heroism, story of achievement. hjaltesjal (-en, -ar), heroic soul. hjaltestam (-men), race of heroes. hjarn|a (-an, -or), brain, mind. hjarta (-t, -n), heart, soul, mind, spirit; breast, bosom. hjartanskar', darling, sweet- heart, beloved. hjartblad (-et, -:-), seed leaf; cotyledon. hjartelag (-et), heart, disposi- tion, mood, mind, nature. hjartinnerlig, extremely cor- dial. hjartlig, hearty, cordial, Sin- cere, heartfelt. hjartligt, heartily, cordially. hjartsjukdom (-en), affection of the heart, heart disease. hjass|a (-an, -or), crown, head, summit. ho, who; archaic for vem, vil- ken. hollandare (-n, — ), Hollander, Dutchman. Homer, Homeros, Homer. hon, she. honom, him. hop (-en, -ar), number, as- semblage, multitude, crowd ; heap, pile, lot, herd. 140 SVENSK DIKTNING hopp (-et), hope, expecta- tion. hopp (-et, — ), leap, jump. hopp|a (-ade, -at), to leap, jump, gambol, hop. loppfuil, hopeful, trustful, reli- ant. hopplos, hopeless. horn (-et, — ), horn; drinking horn. hos, with, in, at, beside. hosianna(h), hosanna. hospital (-et, — ), asylum, hospital. hot (-et), threat, peril, men- ace. hotande, threatening, forbid- ding. hotfull, threatening. hov (-et, — ), court. hov (-en, -ar), hoof. hovliv (-et), court life. hov|man (-mannen, -man), courtier. hug (-en), mind, intent. hugn|a (-ade, -at), to cheer, comfort, gratify; to heart- en. huld, dear, faithful, loyal, sweet, gracious, kind; hult, fondly, tenderly. huldr|a (-an, -or), fairy. huldremo (-n, -r), fairy. huldrik, gracious, merciful. humanistiskr humanistic. humanitet (-en), humanity, humaneness. huml|a (-an, -or), bumblebee. humor (-n), humor. hundbo (-et, -n), kennel; commonly, hundkoja. hundra (-det, — or -den), (one) hundred. hundramilad, of a hundred or hundreds of miles. hundratusen, a hundred thou- sand. hundraarig, centenary, cen- tury-old. hunger (-n), hunger. hungrig, hungry, starved. hur, huru, how. h.urr|a (-ade, -at), to cheer, hurrah. hurtig, merry, jolly, bright, chipper; smart, brisk; ac- tive, hearty, alert, cheerful. hus (-et, — ), house, building, structure; family. husbondfolk (-et), people of the household. husmanskost (-en), common food, homely fare. hustru (-n, -r), wife. huvud (-et, — or -en), head. huvudsakligast, chiefly, prin- cipally. huvudsakligen, chiefly, prin- cipally. huvud|stad (-staden, -stader), capital city, capital. huvudstadsliv (-et), metropol- itan life; the life of the capitol. huvudstycke (-t, -n), chief thing; main subject, topic, article. hy (-n), complexion. hyaoint (-en, -er), hyacinth. hydd|a (-an, -or), hut, cottage, cot, dwelling. hyll|a (-ade, -at), to pay hom- age to; to honor, hail; to recognize. hyllning (-en, -ar), homage, tribute. hyllningsgard (-en, -er), hom- age, tribute of respect. hyls|a (-an, -or), sheath, hull, pod. hymn (-en, -er), hymn, air. hys]a (-te, -t), to contain; to house, shelter; to enter- tain. hS, oh; ha ja, oh well. VOCABULABY 141 h4g (-en), mind, disposition; inclination, halogd, hollow-eyed. hSIl (-et, — ), direction, quar- halla (holl, hallit), to hold, keep, retain; to contain; to stand; to confine; to have; halla sjg vid, to abide by; halla tal, to make an ad- address; hilla upp, to hold on; to stop, cease. han (-et), scorn, mockery, sneer. han|a (-ade, -at), to mock, scorn; hanad, disgraced, in- glorious. hSnfull, sneering, scornful. har (-et, — ), hair. hard, hard, cruel, harsh; severe; furious. harpung (-en, -ar), a net for confining the hair. harstra (-et, -n), hair. hack (-en, -ar), hedge. hadan, hence, away. hadangangen, departed, de- ceased. haftig, vehement, violent, sud- den. haftighet (-en), vehemence, violence, impetuosity. hagn (-et), shelter, protection, cover. hagn|a (-ade, -at), to shelter, protect. halft (-en, -er), half; till half- ten, half, partly. hall (-en, -ar), rock, ledge. halsa (-n), health; strength. haisja (-ade, -at), to hail, greet; to bear greeting; van halsad, all hail, we greet thee. halsobagarje -bagar (-en, -e), beaker of health. halsodryck (-en, -er), whole- some beverage, elixir. halsosam, wholesome, salu- brious, healthful, healthy. hamm|a (-ade, -at), to check, confine, stem, suppress; to interfere with; to obstruct, retard, restrain, repress. hammande, interfering, ob- structive, repressive, re- straining, retarding. hamnare (-n, — ), avenger. hamn|as (-ades, -ats), to take revenge, to avenge; to re- pay (evil); also hamna sig. hamnd (-en), vengeance, re- venge. hamt|a (-ade, -at), to gather, derive; fetch, bring. han, away, off; ge sig han, to yield oneself. han|da (-de, -t), to happen, oc- cur, come to pass. hanford, enraptured, ecstatic, , charmed, carried away; transcendent. hanforelse (-n), exaltation, enthusiasm. hang|a (-de, -t), to hang. hanryck|a (-te, -t), to enrap- ture, enchant, entrance. hanryckt, enchanted, enrap- tured, entranced, carried away, in ecstasy. hanseende (-t, -n), respect; i or med hanseende till, with respect to. hapen, astounded, shocked, astonished. hapn|a (-ade, -at), to be aston- ished, surprised, shocked. har (-en, -ar), army, host. har, here. hard (-en, -ar), hearth, fire- side; forge. harefter, hereafter, from now on. harfbr, for this, of this. harj|a (-ade, -at), to waste, devastate, lay waste, ravage. 142 SVENSK DIKTNING harlig, glorious, grand, mag- nificent, sublime. harm|a (-ade, -at), to mock; to copy. Imitate. harnad (-en), warfare; i har- nad, (up) in arms. harsk|a (-ade, -at), to rule, reign, dominate, govern. harskande, ruling, prevailing, governing, predominant. harskar|a (-an, -or), host. harskare (-n, — ), ruler, mon- arch. harskarvilj|a (-an, -or), sov- ereign will, will of the autocrat. harstamm|a (-ade, -at), to be descended; to derive one's origin; (of things), to be handed down. harvid, here, at this, at that. harbver, over this (matter), on this account, owing to this fact, on this subject. hast (-en, -ar), horse; till hast, on horseback, mount- ed; stiga till hast to mount. hatt|a (-an, -or), cowl, hood. hav|a (-de or hov, -t), to heave; to raise; to hurl, throw. havd (-en, -er), record, annals, history. havd|a (-ade, -at), to vindi- cate, assert, support, en- force. havdande (-t), maintenance, conservation, perpetuation; assertion. havdatecknare (-n, — ), his- torian, annalist, chronicler. havdateckning (-en), histori- cal writing. hax|a (-an, -or), witch, vixen. ho (-et), hay. hog, high, lofty; tall, stately, lordly. hogbarmad, full-bosomed. hogboren, highborn, noble. hoghet (-en, -er), highness, loftiness. hogmod (-et), pride, haughti- ness. hogmalsbrott (-et, — ), trea- son, lese majesty. hbgskol|a (-an, -or), college. hogsate (-t, -n), high seat, seat of honor. hbgt, high, aloft, high up. hbgtid (-en, -er), festival, sol- emn occasion, festal day. hbgtidllghet (-en, -er), solem- nity; solemn occasion, fes- tivity. hbgtidsklader (no sg.), holi- day attire. hbgtidssus (-et), solemn mur- mur. hbgtstralande, effulgent. hbj|a (-de, -t), to raise, ele- vate; to hold aloft. hbjd (-en, -er), height, excel- ence; hill, eminence; pa sin hbjd, at most. hbjdpunkt (-en, -er), acme, highest point. hblass (-et, — ), load of hay. hblj|a (-de, -t), to cover, con- ceal; to heap upon, over- whelm. hbns (-et, — ), chicken. hbrja (-de, -t), to hear, listen, hark; to learn; to listen to; to obey. hbr|a (-de, -t), to belong; hb- ra till, to belong to; to be part of; to be a member of. • hbrn (-et, — ), corner, quar- ters. hbst (-en, -ar), fall, autumn, harvest. hbstkvall, hbstekvall (-en, -ar), autumnal evening. hbstlig, autumnal. hbsttermin (-en, -er), fall term. VOCABULABT 143 hostrusk (-et), raw autumn i weather, autumnal drizzle, hbststorm (-en, -ar), autum- i nal storm. hostvind (-en, -ar), autumn wind. hotapp (-en, -ar), whisk of hay. , hova (-n), need; over hiivan, needlessly, to excess, more than what is right. i hbv|as (-des, -ts), to be prop- i er, fit; to befit; to be in order, hovding (-en, -ar), chieftain. hovisk, courteous, respectful. i, in, into, to, at, of. i l> you, ye. iakttagelseformaga (-n), sense i of observation. ibiand, among, in, of; some- , times. icke, not. Idavallen, Norse mythol., the field or realm where dwelt i the gods in primeval bliss. ide (-en or -n, -er), idea. i ideal (-et, — ), ideal, ideals. idediktare (-n, — ), idealistic poet. i idel, all, nothing but; purely. idelig, repeated, renewed, in- i cessant, continuous. i idkare (-n, — ), devotee, prac- titioner; artisan, craftsman, i idrottsbvning (-en, -ar), ath- letic sport. idyll (-en, -er), idyl; idyllic condition, charm or sur- i roundihgs. idyllisk, idyllic. igen, again, back; left. i igenom (genom), throughout, through. i igar, yesterday. hjal, to death; sl3 ihjai, to kill, slay. h§g|komma (-kom, -kommit), to remember, bear in mind, recall, recognize. I (-en, -ar), gust, blast, rush (of wind). I {a (-ade, -at), to pass rapid- ly; to hasten, hurry, rush, dash. Ibud (-et, — ), courier. I la, bad, badly, ill, disagree- ably, horribly, detestably; lata ilia, to sound bad; to make an ugly, frightful or hideous noise; bbla ilia, to bellow dreadfully; ta ilia (upp), to take amiss. mmig, vapory, misty. n, in; in i or ini, into, inside, within. nbillning (-en, -ar), imagina- tion, fancy. nbrytande (-t), advent. nbran|na (-de, -t), to impress, brand. ndisk, Indian, Hindu. ndividuell, individual, person- al. ndraktig, remunerative, lu- crative, well paid, high-sal- n|falla (-foil, -fallit), to fall within. nflytande (-t, -n), influence. nflytt|a (-ade, -at), to immi- grate; to move in. nformator, (-n, -er), private teacher, tutor. nformatorsbefattning (-en, -ar), tutorship. nformatorsplats (-en, -er), tu- torship, situation as private teacher. nfor|a (-de, -t), to introduce, bring In. ngalunda, not, not at all, by no means. 144 SVENSK DIKTNING ingen, no, no one, none. ingendera, neither. ingenjor (-en, -er), civil en- gineer. ingenting (ingen ting), noth- ing, nought. ingrediens (-en, -er), ingredi- ent. injgS (-gick, -gatt), to enter, go in. inhemsic, domestic. inlejda (-dde, -tt), to open, be- gin, start; to introduce; to head. inlednlngssang (-en, -er), in- troductory song. inlandsk, domestic, national. innan (innanfor), inside. innan, before. inne, in, at hand, here. inne|hava (-iiade, -haft), to own, possess (property) ; to administer, hold (office), innelialislosliet (-en), empti- ness, lack of contents. innerlig, Intimate, cordial; deep; ardent, fervent, sin- cere; intense. innerlighet (-en), sincerity, ardor, fervor, intensity, in- timacy. innerst, innermost; within, in- wardly. in re, inner, interior, mental. inril(es, domestic. insats (-en, -er), contribution, share, stake. insil -lair), klrtle, skirt, robe, gown. klag|a (-ade, -at), to complain, lament, grumble; klaga an (anklaga), to accuse. klagan, complaint, lamienta- tion, plaint. klagainde, plaintive, pitiful. klandr|a (-ade, -at), to cen- sure, reproach, blame, con- demn, denounce, criticise; to complain of; to find fault with. klang (-en, -ar), ring, sound, tone, peal, tinkle. klangdag (-en, -ar), gala day; pi. palmy days. klangfull, ringing, resonant, melodious, musical, sono- rous. klapp|a (-ade, -at), to strike together; to pat; to beat, throb; klappa I handerna, to applaud. klappande (-t), clapping (of hands) , applause, patter, rapping. klar, clear, bright. VOCABULARY 147 Klara, St. Clara church or parish. klarhet (-en, -er), clearness, lucidity. klarnja (-ade, -at), to clear, grow clear; to brighten. klasje (-en, -ar), cluster. klassicitet (-en), classicism. klassisk, classical. klenat (-et, — ), butter cook- y, a crisp cooky shaped in a form and fried in lard. klimat (-et, — or -er), climate, clime. kling|a (-ade, -at), to sound, ring, jingle, tinkle, chink. klippja (-an, -or), rock, crag, cliff. klockja (-an, -or), clock, time- piece; bell. klok, sane, wise. klokskap (-en), wisdom, pru- dence. klost|er (-ret, — ), convent, cloister, monastery. klostercell (-en, -er), convent chamber. klosterglugg (-en, -ar), con- vent wicket; aperture or loophole in a convent wall. klot (-et, — ), globe, ball, orb. klubb (-en, -ar), club. klyft|a (-any -or), chasm, cleft. klack|a (-te, -t), to hatch. kla|da (-dde, -tt), to clothe, array, dress, garb; to cover. kladd, dressed, clothed. klade (-et, -en), cloth. kladen (kladerna), garments. kladnad (-en, -er), clothing, raiment, garb. klanningsstycke (-t, -n), piece of dross goods. kiover (-n), clover. kloverangja (-an, -or), scent , of clover. knall (-en, -ar), crash, crack, clap, peal; report. knapp, meager, sparse, brief. knappast, scarcely, hardly, barely. knarr|a (-ade, -at), to creak; to make a grating or jar- ring sound. knarrig, crabbed, grumpy, .gruff, crusty. kniv (-en, -ar), knife, carving knife. knopp (-en, -ar), bud. knopp|as (-ades, -ats), to bud. knoppningstid (-en, -er), bud- ding time. knot (-et), rage, wrath; mur- mur. knystja (-ade, -at or knyste, knyst), to make a sound; to say a word; to grumble. knyta (knot, knutit), to tie, ^bind; to pledge; knyta be- kantskap, to form acquaint- ance. kna (-et, -n), knee, lap. knack|a (-te, -t), to crack, snap, break. knackepii (-en, -ar), a species of willow. ko (-n, -r), cow. kodex (-en), codex, code. koj|a (-an, -or), cot, cottage, hut. kokvett (-et), knowledge of cooking. kolera (-n), cholera. kolleg|a (-an, -er), colleague; fellow, compeer. kolonn (-en, -er), column. kolonnad (-en, -er), colonnade. komma (kom, kommit), to come; to happen; to ar- rive, appear; to cause. kompani (-et, -er), company, party, consorts. komplimenter|a (-ade, -at), to pay compliments. 148 SVENSK DIKTNINQ kompositor (-en, -er), com- poser. konsekvens (-en, -er), conse- quence; consistency. konservativ, conservative. konst (-en, -er), art, skill, fine art. konstfull, artistic, skillful. konstfbrfaren, skillful, ex- pert. konsthandel (-n), art store. konsthistoria (-en), history of art. konstlos, artless, simple, nat- ural, plain. konstnar (-en, -er), artist. konstnarlig, artistic. konstnarsstudi|um (-et, -er), study of art, spec, in pi., studies for an artist's ca- reer. konung (-en, -ar), king. konungabarn (-en, — ), chil- dren of the king. konungapar (-et, — ), Their Royal Majesties; the king and queen; the royal pair. konungastol (-en, -ar), royal throne. koppar (-n), copper. kopp|el (-let, — ), leash. kor|a (-ade, -at), to choose, select. korg (-en, -ar), basket. kornblS, blue as a cornflower. korndrallsduk (-en, -ar), diaper table cloth of dotted pattern. korporaition (-en, -er), organi- zation, association. kors (-et, — ), cross; as ex- pletive, heavens, my, gra- cious, mercy, zounds; kors och tvSrs, criss-cross, this way and that. kors|as (-ades, -ats), to be crossed. korsett (-en, -er), corset; an outer garment resembling a corset. korsfararsag|a (-an, -or), tale or legend of the Crusaders. korslagd, crossed. kort, short, brief; shortly, briefly; inom kort, soon, shortly. korv (-en, -ar), sausage. korybantisk, Corybantic, per- taining to or like the or- giastic rites and revels of the priests of Cybele. kosia (-an, -or), course, way. kostja (-ade, -at), to cost. kraft (-en, -er), force, power. kraftig, strong, lusty, power- ful, forcible; substantial, pithy, marrowy. kraftkanslja (-an, -or), con- sciousness of power. kraftodande, enervating, de- bilitating, demoralizing, ex- hausting. krag|e (-en, -ar), collar, neck- band. krams (-et, — ), little of every- thing, what not; commonly krimskrams. krans( -en, -ar), wreath, gar- land. krans|a (-ade, -at), to wreathe; to deck with flowers; to encircle. kras (-et), crash; a crackling or crunching sound; i kras, to pieces; in or to frag- ments, atoms, flinders, smithereens. krav (-et, — ), craving, urge. kraxja (-ade, -at), to caw. kreatur (-et, — ), creature; collective, nature. Kresus, Krosus, Croesus; Kre- ser, sons of Croesus. krets (-en, -ar), circle; soci- ety, environment; blanan- de krets, blue vault o)r arch; VOCABULABY 149 krig (-et, — ), war, warfare. krigande, warring, warlike. krigarhymn (-en, -er), war song, martial air. krigsakademi (-en, -n, -er), military academy. kring, about, around, in. kris (-en, -er), crisis. kristallren, pur© as crystal; crystalline. kristen (kristna), Christian. kristlig. Christian. Kristus, Christ. kritik (-en), criticism. kritisk, critical. krokig, crooked. kron|a (-an, -or), crown; top, apex, summit. kronofogdekontor (-et, — ), office of high-bailiff. kponprins (-en, -ar), crown prince. kropp (-en, -ar), body. kross|a (-ade, -at), to crush. krubbja (-an, -or), manger. kruk|a (-an, -or), pot, pitcher, jar. krumm|a (-ade, -at), to caper, strut, gambol, frisk; to cut capers; (of horses) to cur- vet; modem form, krama sig, lit., to arch one's neck. krus (-et), strained courtesy, ceremony; buga och krusa, to bow and scrape. kryddja (-ade, -at), to season, spice. kryddad, spicy, aromatic. krypa (krop, krupit), to creep, crawl; to hide, sneak. kryst|a (-ade, -at; -*, — ), to strain, squeeze. krang|el (-let), trouble, dif- ficulty; quibbling; circum- stance. kraft|a (-an), cancer. kramare (-n, — ), merchant, merchantman. krank|a (-te, -t), to violate, infringe, break. krbk|a (-te, -t), to bend, bow; krokt, bent, stooping. kron|a (-te, -t), to crown; to cap. kulen, chilly, cool. kull|a (-an, -or), girl, lass, esp. a girl of the province of Dalarna, Sweden. kull|e (-en, -ar), mound, hill, barrow, kultur (-en, -er), culture, kulturhistorija (-en), history of civilization, kulturhistorisk, pertaining to the history of culture, kulturstrom (-men, -mar), culture, (lit., stream or flood of culture) ; drift of civil- ization. kum|mel (-let, — ), burial mound, calm, kung (-en, -ar), king; king pin (in a game of bowling) . kungaborg (-en, -ar), noyal palace. kunga|stad (-staden, -stader), royal city, capital, kungastol (-en, -ar), throne, royal seat, kungllg, royal, kungssorg (-en), national mourning; a nation in mourning, kunna (kunde, kunnat), to be able (to) ; to know how (to) ; to know, kunskapstorst (-en), thirst for knowledge. kupo! (-en, -er), cupola, dome, kurs (-en, -er), course, kust (-en, -er), coast, shore. kval (-et, — ), agony, pang, torment, throes, anguish, sufferings. kvalmlg, stifling, suffocating, close, stuffy. 150 SVENSK DIKTNING kvantitet (-en, -er), Quantity. kvar, remaining, left. kvarn (-en, -ar), mill, water wheel; toy mill wheel. kvick, witty, brilliant. kvickhet (-en, -er), wit, bril- liancy, jest, witticism. kvi|da (-dde, -dit), to com- plain, lament; to whimper, wail. kvidan, moaning. kvig|a (-an, -or), heifer. kvinn|a (-an, -or), woman, fe- male. kvinnlig, womanly, feminine. kvinnoandje (-en, -ar), wom- anly spirit; woman's soul. kvist (-en, -ar), twig, branch, limb; knot (in wood). kvitt, rid of, free from. kvitt|er (-ret), chirp, twitter. kvittr|a (-ade, -at), to twitter, chirp. kva|da (-dde, -tt), to sing; to praise. kvade (-t, -n), song, ditty, poem. kvall (-en, -ar), evening. kvall|a (-de, -t), to well up, burst forth, spring forth. kvallsdimm|a (an, -or), eve- ning fog, mist of twilight. kvallsus (-et), vesper mur- mur, soughing of the eve- ning breeze. kvalltung, drowsy, hazy. kvav|a (-de, -t), to stifle, suf- focate; to muffle, subdue; to control; to thwart. kyckling (-en, -ar), chicken, spring chicken. kylig, cool, chilly; frigid, re- freshing. kyll|er (-ret, — ), buff jerkin, leather jerkin. kyrkglugg (-en, -ar), apei^ ture in church belfry. kyrkherrgard (-en, -ar), par- sonage. kyrkogard (-en, -ar), church- yard, cemetery. kyrkoherd|e (-en, -ar), rector, parson. kyrk(o)torn (-et, — ), church steeple. kyss (-en, -ar), kiss. kyss|a (-te, -t), to kiss. kal (-en), cabbage, kale. kapja (-an, -or), cloak. kasor (-en, -er), causerie wiriter, writer of literary chat. kack, bright, lively, spirited; gallant; brisk. kackhet (-en), boldness, dash, intrepidity, audacity. kagelspel (-et, — ), game of bowling or tenpins. kall|a (-an, -or), spring, well, source, fountain. kallarstug|a (-an, -or), inn, tavern* taproom. kampja (-ade, -at), to fight, battle, struggle. kamp|e (-en, -ar), warrior, hero; champion. kand, known, familiar, ac- quainted, notable. kan|na (-de, -t), to feel; to know, be acquainted or familiar with; to experi- ence; to be conscious of. kannetecknja (ade, -at), to characterize, mark, distin- guish. kanning (-en, -ar), experience, feeling. kansl|a (-an, -or), feeling, sen- timent, sensation, sense. kanslig, sensitive. kansloglod (-en), warmth of feeling. kansloliv (-et), inner life, soul life, sentiments. VOCABULARY 151 kanslostamning (-en, -ar), strain of sentiment. kansloutbrott (-et, — ), sen- timentality, effusiveness. kapp (-en, -ar), cane, vsralking- stlck, cudgel, rod. kar, dear, beloved, enamored. kariek (-en), love, infatua- tion; charity; passion. karleksdomnad, grown faint or silent with love. karleksfull, loving, affection- ate, tender. karleksjnatt (-natten, -nat- ter) , night of love. karlekssag|a (-an, -or), love story, love affair, affair of the heart. karleksvisja (-an, -or), love song. karlighet (-en), fondness, af- fection, love, tenderness, amorousness. karn|a (-an, -or), kernel, pit, meat. karv|e (-en, -ar), sheaf. karvhet (-en), ruggedness, austerity. kok (-et, — ), kitchen. kbid (-en), coldness, frigid- ity, cold, coolness. kon (-et, — ), sex; tribe, kind. kop (-et, — ), purchase; till pa kopet, in addition, in the bargain, to boot; further- more. kop|a (-te, -t), to buy, pur- chase, barter. kor (-en, -er), chorus; choir. kor|a (-de, -t), to drive. L. iack|a (-ade, -at), to drip; lac- ka han, to drop off; to draw nigh. Iad|a (-an, -or), barn. laddning (-en, -ar), lading, cargo. lad(u)gardsdorr (-en, -ar), barn door. lag (-en, -ar), law, rule, stat- ute. lag (-et, — ), company, party, set, circle, crowd. Iag|er (-ern, -rar), laurel, lau- rel wreath. lagerlund (-en, -ar, -er), lau- rel igrove. laglman (-manner, -man), lawman, counselor for the people. lagrad, laureled, lamim (-et, — ), lamb. Iamp|a (-an, -or), lamp, land (-et, — or lander), country, land. Iand|a (-ade, -ait), to land; to alight, settle. *landging (-en, -ar), landing; usually landstigning in verbal sense, landsflykt (-en), exile, landskap (-et, — ), landscape; region, landsmanskap (-et), compa- triotism; spec, fellowship in the matter of being bom in the same province, landsort (-en), country. landsvag (-en, -ar), public highway, country road, lans (-en, -ar), lance, lantbruksakademi (-en, -er). Academy of Agriculture, agricultural institute, lantllg, rural, rustic, lantstalle (-t, -n), country place. iantvarn (-et, — ), militia, na^ tionaJ guard. I arm (-et), roar, din, noise. Iarmtrumm|a (-an, -or), signal drum. 152 SVENSK UIKTNINQ larv (-en, -er), mask, phantom, ghost, ghoul. lass (-et, — ), load. last (-en, -er), vice; load, bur- den, cargo. Iast|a (-ade, -at), to blame, charge, accuse, find fault with; to load, burden. latinsk, Latin. le, (log, lett), to smile; to beam. led (-et, -er or — ), rank; gen- eration; joint, m.ember. Ie|da (-dde, -tt), to lead, di- rect; to bring, to derive; to trace. ledig, unoccupied, vacant; off duty, free; easy; ledlga stunder, leisure moments or hours, leisure time. Iedsn|a (-ade, -at), to grow ■weary, tired; to be sad- dened. ledsven (-nen, -ner), guide. legion (-en, -er), legion. lejon (-et, — ), lion. lejonman (-en, -ar), Uon's mane. lek (-en, -ar), play, game, pas- time, sport. Iek|a (-te, -t), to play, gambol, sport, make merry. lekande, merry, jolly, joyful, playful. Iekar|e (-en, — ), player, mu- sician. lekbror, playmate, comrade. lekkamrat (-en, -er), play- mate. lem (-nfien, -mar), limb. ler (-et), ler|a (-an, -or), clay. letja (-ade, -at), to search, seek; to hunt for; leta sig vag, to find one's way. Lethe, Lethe, mythological river. Leukas (Leukadia), Leucadia. Iev|a (-de, -t), to live; to exist; leva upp, to revive. levande, living, live, alive, an- imate; a I It levande, all liv- ing things. levnad (-en), life, career. levnadsbeslut (-et), resolution of life. levnadsdag (-en, -ar), life, span of life, temporal life. levnadstrott, weary of life, d'e- generate. Il|a, li|e (-an, -en, -ar), scythe. liberal, liberal. liberalism (-en), liberalism. iicentiatexamjen (-en, -ina), university examination for the degree preceding the doctoral degree. lid (-en, -er), slope, hillside, incline. lida (led, lidit), to suffer, en- dure; to tolerate; to pass (of time). lidande (-t, -n), suffering, af- fliction, pain. lidelse (-n, -r), passion, fer- vor. iidelsefull, impassioned, in- flammable. li|e (-en, -ar), scythe; poet., Ila. ligga (lag, legat), to lie; to be situated. Ilk (-et, — ), corpse, dead body. lika, as, so, just as, just so, like, similar, identical, a- like, equal; lika gott, no matter; very well,' well and good; well, never mind; lika litet, as little; no more. likafullt, nevertheless. likasa, so also; just as. Iik|e (-en, -ar), like, peer, equal. likgiltig, indifferent. VOCABULARY 153 liklukt (-en), smell of the mortuary, pestiferous air. Iikn|a (-ade, -at), to be like; to resemble; to liken, com- pare. liksom, like, as', just as; lik- som ock, as also, just like. likstrodd, covered with corps- es. liktSg (-et, — ), funeral pro- cession. likval, likaval, yet, however, though, nevertheless, not- withstanding. Iilj|a (-an, -or), lily. liljeklock|a (-an, -or), lily bell, lily cap or chalice. lilla, little. lind (-en, -ar), linden, bass- wood tree. lindansarmodja (-an, -or), ac- robatics. Iindr|a (-ade, -at), to soothe, relieve, assuage, alleviate; to lighten. lindrig, gentle, moderate, tem- perate, lenient, balmy. lindring (-en), relief, allevia- tion, solace, comfort, abate- ment. lingonlindad, entwined with whortleberry leaves. linjerenhet (-en), clearness of outline or contour. linne (-et, -n), linen. list (-en), deception, stealth, treachery, artifice, trick, de- vice, cunning, guile, strat- agem. litani (litania), litany. Iitani|a (-an, -or), litany. litet, little, a little. litteratur (-en), literature. litteraturanmalare (-n, — ), literary reviewer. litteraturforskare (-n, — ), scholar; literary critic. litteraturhlstorija (-en, -er), history of literature. litterar, literary. liv (-et, — ), life, lifetime; soul. Iiv|a (-ade, -at), to enliven livegenskap (-en), bondage, servitude. livlig, lively, alive, animated, lifelike, vivid; enthusiastic; livligt, vividly. livsberusning (-en), quality of being infatuated with life; lit., life-intoxication. livserfarenhet (-en, -er), ex- perience of life. livsgladje (-n), joy of life. livskraft (-en, -er), vital force, vitality, energy. livstrad (-en, -ar), thread of life. livsiskSdning (-en, -ar), view , of life, conception of life. Ijud (-et, — ), sound. Ijuda (Ijod, Ijudit), to sound, ring. IJudande, sounding, ringing, sonorous. Ijudharmoni (-en, -er), harmo- ny of sounds. Ijudlos, noiseless, silent. Ijuga (Ijog, Ijugit), to He, fib. Ijummande, growing warm. Ijungbevuxen, overgrown with heather, heathery. I jus, (-et, — ), light; candle. IJus, light, bright, brilliant; fair. IjusblS, light blue. IJusn|a (-ade, -at), to brighten, grow light. Ijusnande, brightening, grow- ing light, dawning. Ijussken (-et, — ), gleam of light, light, candle light. Ijuv, sweet, delightful, bliss- ful, beautiful; tender, soft. 154 SVENSK DIKTNING Ijuvlig, delightful, charming, sweet. lock (-en, -ar), lock, tresses, hair. lock (-et, — ), lid, cover. lock|a (-ade, -at), to induce, entice, lure, tempt, per- suade; call, beckon. lod (-et, — ), bullet, ball. loft (-et, — ), loft; hall; hbga loft, lofty halls. lopp (-et, — ), course, way; career; journey (of life). lossja (-ade, -at), to release, set free; to loosen. lott (-en, -er), lot, share, por- tion; draga, kasta lott, to draw lot; to cast the die. lov (-et), permission. lovla (-ade, -at), to promise. lov|a (-ade, -at), to praise, ex- tol. Lovisa, Louise. lovsang (-en, -er)» song or hymn of praise. Lucifer, Lucifer, light-bringer. Iuck|a (-an, -or), opening; trapdoor. iuden, shaggy, hairy. luft (-en), air, atmosphere, wind. luftlg, airy, aerial. luftsprang (-et, — ), airy leap. lugn (-et), quiet, tranquillity, peace of mind. Iugn|a (-ade, -at), to pacify, appease; to toothe; to sat- isfy. lukt (-en), smell, scent, odor. lumpenhet (-en), sordidness, meanness, paltanness. lund (-en, ar or -er), grove. lungsjukdom (-en, -ar), dis- ease of the lungs, con,' sumption. lunk (-en), slow trot, jog. lunkja (-ade, -at), to jog a- long; to trot. lur (-en, -ar), horn, speaking trumpet, trumpet. lurande, lurking. lust (-en), pleasure, joy; pas- sion; enjoyment. lusteld (-en, -ar), bonfire. lustgard (-en, -ar), paradise, Eden. lustig, pleasant, merry, jolly, lusty. Iustvandr|a (-ade, -at), to rove, saunter; to stroll (for pleas- ure) ; to wander idly. lut (-en), lye (solved in wa- ter). lutla (-am, -or), lute. Iut|a (-ade, -at), to bend, lean; luta sig, to stoop, lean, bend. lux (L.), light. Iyck|a (-an), luck, fortune, blessing; till all lycka, for- tunately. lyckjas (-ades, -ats), to suc- ceed; to turn out well; to be fortunate. lycklig, happy, fortunate, blissful, blessed. lyckosam, fortunate. lycksallghet (-en), bliss, hap- piness, perfect bliss. Iy|da (-dde, -tt), to obey; to bow to, accede to; to fol- low; to observe. lydig, obedient. lydnad (-en), obedience, sub- ordination. Iyft|a (-ade, -at; lyfte, lyft), to lift, raise, elevate. Iykt|a (-ade, -at), to end, fin- ish, close. lynne (-t, -n), mood, tem- perament. lynnesdrag (-et, — ), charac- teristic, mark of character. lyrla (-an, -or), lyre. Iyr|a (-an, -or), fly (in the game of ball). VOCABULARY 155 lyrik (-en), lyrics, lyric poetry. lyriker (-n, — ), lyric poet, lyrist. lyrisk, lyrical. Iys|a (-te, -t), to shine, beam, blaze, glow; to make a dis- play, lysande, brilliant, illustrious, lyss (lyssna), listen. Iyssn|a (-ade, -at), to listen, pay attention, hearken. lyssnande, listening, alert, at- tentive. lag, low, base, mean, inferior, deep, lagja, I3g|e (-an, -en, -or), flame, fire, blaze. I3g|a (-ade, -at), to flame, sparkle; to burn. Ian (-et, — ), loan, gift, lanja (-ade, -at; -te, -t), to lend, borrow, lang, long, langkoft, langkoftja (-an, -or), long jacket, basque, sacque ; a garment worn over the gown. langsam, slow. langt, far; l^ngt ifrSn, far a- way, from afar. langvarig, long, abiding, en- during, lasting. lant (lanad), borrowed, re^ produced, copied. las (-et, — ; -en, -ar), lock, latch. lit (-en, -ar), tone, sound. lata (lat, latlt), to let, per- mit, allow; to have (some one do); to cause (some- thing to be done). lacker, delicious, appetizing ladler (-ret, — ), leather. Iag|er (-ret, — ), camp, grooip, circle. lagerbil (-et, — ), campflre. lagga (lade, lagt), to lay, put, place; lagga av, to put off, discard; lagga I dagen (S- dagalagga), to show, re- veal, disclose, display; lag- ga for, to serve at talale. laggning (-en), disposition, nature, temperament. lagre, lower, meaner, lesser. lakedom, lakdom (-en), cure, healing, remedy. Ianin|a (-ade, -at), to leave; to depart from; to give. Ian|da (-de, -t), poet., to go, wend. lange, long, for a long time. langesedan, long ago. Ilanigesen, long ,a,go; sinice far back, for a long time past. langre, longer, further. langs, along, alongside of. langst, longest, farthest. Iangt|a (-ade, -at), to long, yearn; to desire ardently. langtan, longing, yearning. langtanstid (-en, -er), time of longing. lapp (-en, -ar), lip. Iar|a (-an, -or), doctrine, teaching. Iar|a (-de, -t), to learn; to teach, instruct. Iarar|e (-en, — ), instructor, teacher, tutor. lard, learned, taught, edu- cated; classical. lard, savant, man of learn- ing. lardom (-en, -ar), learninig, scholarship ; knowledge. Iark|a (-an, -or), lark. larksang (-en, -er), song of the lark. larodlkt (-en, -er), didactic poem. larospan, achievement, first triaJ or experience. 156 SVENSK DIKTNING larostrid (-en, -er), doctrinal controversy. Ias]a (-te, -t), to read; to study; to pursue studies. lasare (-n, — ), reader. laslig, plain, legible. laslust (-en), taste for read- ing. laspande (-t), lisp, lisping. late (-t, -n), sound, note; noise (esp. disagreeable). latt, light, easy; airy. lattja (-n), ease, languor, idle- ness, indolence. lattro (lattrogenhet), credu- lity, gullibility. laxla (-an, -or), lesson. loddrig, foaming. lofte (-t, -n), promise, pledge. loftesrik, promising, rich in promise. logn (-en, -er), lie, falsehood, untruth. loje (-t, -n), smile, laughter, merriment, derision, pleas- antry, amusement. lojiig, laughalblsi ridiculous, foolish, comical, droll, ludi- crous. lomsk, insidious, treacherous. Ion (-en, -er), reward, pay, wages. liinande, paying, remuner- ative. lon|as (-ades, -ats), to be paid, compensated. Ibnn (-en, -ar), maple. lop|a (-te, -t; lopp, lupit), to run, scurry, hurry. IBs, loose; elden ar los, there is a fire. los|a (-te, -t), to loosen; to dissolve, sever; to remove; losa upp, opp, to dissolve, change, transform. losskummad, skimmed off. lov (-en, — ), leaf, foliage. lovlg, leafy. lovsal (-en, -ar), arbor, bower. M. mager, lean, gaunt, ill-fed, thin; meager, slender, dry, spare. magiskt, magical, as by mag- ic, mysteriously. magisterpromotion (-en, -er), conferring of doctors' de- grees, laureation. maj. May. majestat (-et), majesty, gran- deur; pi. majestater, used of persons only, as, deras majestater,. Their Royal Majesties. majfalt (-et, — ), flowery field. majsfalt (-et, — ), cornfield. majsky (-n, -ar), cloud of spring. mak (-et, — ), room, quarters, apartment; usually ge- mak. mak|e, mak|a (-en, -an, -ar), mate, spouse; husband; wife. makt (-en, -er), power, might, force. malm (-en, -er), ore, metal. malmklang (-en), metallic ring. man (-nen, man or — , poet, manner), man, male. man (-en, -ar), mane. man, one, you, they, people, a person. man|a (-ade, -at), to prompt, summon; to advise, notify, warn. mandelblom (-men, coll. pi.), almond blossom. mandelblomm|a (-an, -or), al- mond flower. mandeldoft (-en, -et, -er), scent of almondsi. mangrant, generally, fully re- presented, one and all. maning (-en, -ar), exhortor tion, challenge, summons. VOOABTJLAKY 157 manlig, manly, heroic, bold, brave, strong. manlighet (-en), manliness. manJigt, manly, firmly, brave- ly, powerfully. mant|el (-ein, -lar), mantle. manuskript (-et, — ), manu- script. Maraton, Marathon. Maria, Mary. WlarjiO, old form of Maria, Mary. mark (-en, -er), ground, field. marmor (-n), maxble. marmorsval, cool as marble. marskvaii (-en, -ar), March evening. mask (-en, -ar), worm. maskinrum (-met, — ), ma- chine room. mass|a (-an, -or), mass, quan- tity; multitude, populace. mat (-en), food, viands. mat|a (-ade, -at), to feed. materia (-en), matter. mat|mor, mat|moder (-mod- ern, -modrar), mistress, ma- tron. matron|a (-an, -or), matron. matt, faint, weak, feeble, dull. matt|a (-ade, at), to dull; to weaken; to enfeeble. mattgra, dull gray, drab. med, with, by, by means of, for; along, present; fran och med, from and includ- ing; med mera, and so forth, abbrev. m. m., etc.; med ooh mot, for and a- gainst. medan, while. medarbetare (-n, — ), co- worker; contributor or as- sociate editor. medarbetersk|a (-an, -or), (fe- male) co-worker, associate, assistant. medborgerlig, civil, civic. meddel|a (-ade, -at), to quote, reproduce; to give, offer. med|el (-let, — ), means, fac- tor, instrument, remedy. medelpunkt (-en), central point, center. medeltid (-en), the Middle Ages. medfodd, inborn, innate. medfor|a (-de, -t), to entail, involve; to carry with (it). medgang (-en), fortune, suc- cess, prosperity; luck. medkansl|a (-an, -or), sympa- thy, compassion. medlem (-men, -mar), mem- ber. medredaktor (-en, -er), 'asr sociat© editor. medveten, conscious. medvetslos, unconscious, in- sensible. melankolisk, melancholy, gloomy, brooding, moody. mellan (emellan), between, among. melodi (-en, -er), melody, strain. melodisk, melodious. men, but, yet, nevertheless. menja (-ade, -at; -te, -t), to mean, think; to say. menighet (-en, -er), people, commonalty. mening (-en, -ar), meaning, sense, import, interpreta- tion; opinion, tenet, teach- ing, theory; sentence. meningsfrande (-n, -r), ad- herent, follower, sympa- thizer; one of a number holding identical views. meningslos, vague, meaning- less, senseless, worthless, insignificant. menlosliet (-en), innocence. mer, mera, more; again; an- other; longer; else. 158 SVENSK DIKTNING mest, most, mostly; almost. mestadels, mostly, princival- ly, chiefly, largely. mi, dialect form of min, my. middagsbesok (-et, — ), noon- day visit, visit for dinner. miiddagsstund (-en, -er), din- ner hour, dinner time, noon hour. Midgard, the realm of hu- manity In Norse mythol- ogy. midj|a (-an, -or), waist. midnattskiock|a (-an, -or), midnight bell. midniattssol (-en), midnight sun. midnattstimm|a or -e (-an, -en, -ar), midnight hour. midsommarsi{natt (-naltten, natter), midsummer night. midvJnter{natt (-natten, -nat- ter), midwinter night. miig, me. mil (-en, — ), mile. mild, miild, gentle, tender, kind, sweet, merciful, soft, lenient, clement. mildliet (-en), tenderness, mildness, gentleness, soft- ness, clemency, mercy. mildr|a (-ade, -at), to soften, ease, mollify, temper, mit- igate; to extenuate, moder- ate. million, miljon (-en, -er), mil- lion. min (-en, -er), mien; counte- nance. m\n, my, mine. ' minaret (-en, -er), minaret. mindre, smaller, less. min{nas (-des, -ts), to remem- ber, recollect, recall. minne (-t, -n), memory, rec- ollection; fame, reputation. milnneshogtid (-en, -er), me- morial celebration. minnesrik, memorable, 'rich in memories. minnesskrift (-en, -er), in- scription, memorial legend. minsann or min sann, for- sooth, indeed, upon my word, to be sure. minst, least, smallest. minut (-en, -er), minute, mo- ment. miskund (-en), commisera- tion, pity, compassion. miskundsam, gracious, com- passionate, charitable. missljud (-et, — ), discord, dissonance. missmod (-et, — ), despair, de- spondency. mist|a (-ade, -at; -e, — ), to lose. mitt (-en), middle, center, midst; mitt i, in the mid- dle of; amidst, among; mitt emellan, halfway be- tween. mjuk, limber; soft, smooth; pliable, plastic. mjukn|a (-ade, -at), to soften; to grow mellow. mjall, clear. mjaltsjuka (-n), hypochon- dria, spleen. mjod (-et), mead. mo (-n, -ar), moor, heath. mod (-et), courage, bravery, heroism, valor; cheer; spir- it, heart, pluck. moder (modern, modrar), mother. modersmal (-et, — ), mother tourgue. modersprak (-et, — ), mother tongue, native language. modig, brave, courageous, val- iant, dauntless. mogen, ripe, mature, com- plete. VOCABULARY 159 mognad (-en), ripeness, ma- turity. tnogningsstund (-en, -er), hour of ripening, time of fruition. moln (-et, — ), cloud. monark (-en, -er), monarch, ruler. mor (moder), mother. moral (-en), morals. mord (-et, — .), murder, homi- cide. morfar, mor|fader (-fadern, -fader), grandfather. morg|on (-onen, -nar), morn- ing. miorgondag (-en), morrow. morgondagg (-en), morning dew. morgonkvitt|er (-ret), morn- ing twitter, morning song. morgonliv (-et), future life. morgonrodnad (-en, -er), au- roral light, morning glow; poet., morgonrodnan. n^orgonstund (-en, -er), morn- ing hour. morgontimmja or -e (-an, -en, -ar), morning hour. morgonvakt (-en, -er), morn- ing watch. mormor, mor|moder (-modern, -mbdrar), grandmother. morse; i morse, this morn- ing. mort|el (-ein, -lar), mortar, mortar and pestle. moskovit (-en, -er), Musco- vite, Russian. mossa (-n), moss. mossig, mosisiy, overgrown with moss. mot, against, toward, to; in return for; about. miotgang (-en, -ar), adversity, opposition, trouble. mothugg (-et, — ), resistance, opposition, counterstrolte. motiv (-et, — ), motive, sub- ject. motsats (-en, -er), contrast. motstSndare (-n, — ), antag- onist, opponent. motsvarja (-ade, -at), to an- swer to, correspond to or with. mot|taga (-tog, -tagit), to re- ceive. mottaglig, receptive, sensi- tive, open (to). mul|e (-en, -ar), mouth and nose (of horses and cat- tle). mull (-en), mold, earth, soil, sod. mullr|a (-ade, -at), to thun- der, roar. mullrande, thundering, roar- ing. multn|a (-ade, -at), to molder, decay. muml|a (-ade, -at), to mum- ble. mun (-nen, -nar), mouth, lips. mund (rarely inflected), po- etic archaic form for mun, mouth. munk (-en, -ar), monk, friar. munter, merry, lively. munterhet (-en), gaiety, hi- larity, conviviality, cheer- fulness. mur (-en, -ar), wall. mur|a. (-ade^ -at), to build with masonry; to wall; mu- ra till, to wall up. muse|um (-et, -er), museum. musik (-en), music. musikalisk, musical, melodi- ous. muslkant (-en, -er), musician, player. muskus, musk. musselskal (-et, — ), shell, mussel shell. 160 SVENSK DIKTNING must (-en), must, juice, sap; essence. mycken, much, many. myll|a (-ade, -at), to bury, in- ter; inhume; usually, myl- la ned, to put underground; myllas (ned), to be burled, planted in the soil, in- terred. myr (-en, -ar), fen, bog, marsh. myrten ( — or, rarely, myrt- n'en), myrtnar; sometimes poet, myrt (-en), myrtle. myrtenskog -(en, -ar), myrtle grove. mysticism (-en), mysticism. mystik (-en), mysticism.; mystery, mysteriousness. mystisk, mystical, mysterious. mystar (-en, -er), mystery, secret. ma (-dde, -tt), to feel, fare; ma gott, feel well, fine; to enjoy oneself; to thrive. ma (-tte), may, must, shall, let. mag (-en, -ar), son-in-law. mahanda, perhaps, maybe, possibly. ma! (-et, — ), object, aifn; goal, destination. mal|a (-ade, -at), to paint, depict; to decorate. mals|man (-mannen, -man), championi, promoter; guard- ian. maltid (-en, -er), meal; feast, collation. miltidsro (-n), mealtime rest, dinner hour. man, measure, degree, re- spect, extent, turn. manad (-en, -er), month. mande, might. mSn|e (-en, -ar), moon. manga, many, numerous; sometimes ming. mangdubb'lja (-ade, -at), to multiply. mSngen, many a, many a man; mangen en, many a. manghovdad, manyheaded. mangsidighet (-en), many- sideness. manljus, moonlit. manne (abbrev. mann', mann or man), may be, perhaps, possibly; mSnn det? real- ly? indeed? manskensjnatt (-natten, -nat- ter), moonlight night. maste (mast), must, (to be) obliged to, (to be) neces- sary, (to) have to. matt (-et, — ), measure, limit. maktig, mighty, exalted, in- fluential, powerful. IVIalaren, Lake Malar or Ma- laren. mangd (-en, -er), mass, great number, quantity, crowd, rabble. manniskja, mansk|a (-an, -or), man, human being, human- ity, mankind. manniskohjarta (-t, -n), hu- man heart. manniskoliv (-et, — ), life, hu- man life. mansklig, human. mansklighet (-en), humanity, human feeling; humane- ness; mankind, the human race. manskligt, humanly, humane- ly. manskoflard (-en), human vanity, human foibles. manskoslakt (-en, -er), gener- ation of mankind; mansko- slakte (-t, -n), human race, mankind. VOOABTJLARY 161 manskovSr (-en, -ar), spring- time of humanity. manskoatt (-en, -ep), race, hu- manity. marg (-en), marrow. markja (-te, -t), to mark, no- tice; to remark upon; to observe; det marks, mar- kes, it is evident; it can he seen. marke (-t, -n), mark, sign. markes{man (-mannen, -man), standard-bearer, chieftain, leader. massingsskal (-en, -ar), brass bowl. mastare (-n, — ), master. masterlig, masterly, master- ful. masterverk (-et, — ), master- piece, master work. mata (matte, matt), to pace; to measure, estimate; mata ut, to mete out, survey, compute. matt, sated, full, satisfied; ata, se, hora sig matt, to have one's fill. mo (-n, -r), maiden, lass; ta- ga sig en mo, to take a wife; to wed. mob|el (-eln, -ler), furniture. modja (-an, -or), toil, labor, task; strife, efEort; exer- tion, trouble; med moda, barely, with difficulty. mojiigen, possibly, perchance. monstergill, worthy of being taken as a model, exem- plary. monstergillt, in an exemplary manner. monk, dark, gloomy, dismal. morkjer (-ret), gloom dark- ness. morknja (-ade, -at), to grow dark, darken. moss|a (-an, -or), cap. Svertsk dikimng. 11. m,<)t|a (-te, -t), to meet, en- counter; to assemble. motjas (-tes, -ts), to meet. mote (-t, -n), meeting; ga till motes, to go to meet; to favor, accommodate, meet halfway. N. nack|e (-en, -ar), neck, shoul- ders, back; back of the head. naiv, naive. najad (-en, -er), naiad, water nymph. naken, naked, bare, destitute. naikjas (-ades, -ats), to ap- proach, draw near. namn (-et, — ), name; repu- tation. namnfrejd (-en), fame, re- nown. namnkunnighet (-en), re- nown, notoriety. namnlos, nameless, inexpres- sible; unknown. narr (-en, -ar), fool fop, dupe, buffoon, jester, clown. nation (-en, -er), nation. nationalvett (-et), national conscience, national intelli- gence. nationell, national. natt (natten, natter), night, darkness, gloom. nattliarbarge (-t, -n), lodging or shelter for the night. nattlampja (-an, -or), night lamp. nattrock (-en, -ar), dressing gown, house-coat, chamber robe. nattvardsbord (-et, — ), com- munion table; holy commu- nion. nattyg (-et, — ), night or morning apparel; spec, morning cap. 162 SVENSK DIKTNING natur (-en), nature; charac- ter, disposition. naturlig, natural, native, In- born. naturligt, naturally; helt na- turligt, quite naturally, ma- nifestly. navelstrang (-en, -ar), umbil- ical cord. ned, down. nedan, wane; abyss; i nedan, on the wane. nedanfor, beneath, below. nedblickja (-ade, -at), to look down. neder, down. nederst, nethermost. nedlaten (nedlatande), con- descending. nedrighet (-en, -er), wicked- ness, infamy, atrocity, ras- cality, baseness. nedjsla (-slog, -slagit), to a- light, settle; to strike down. nedstammande, dispiriting, depressing. nedvand, inverted, reversed; commonly upp- och ned- vand, turned upside down. nej, no, nay. nejd (-en, -er), surroundings, environment, neighborhood. nek|a (-ade, -at), to deny, re- fuse. nektarskal (-en, -ar), nectar cup, bowl or chalice. ner, down. nervsjukdom (-en, -ar), nerv- ous disease. nervsjuklighet (-en), nervous disorder. nervos, nervous. nes|a (-an), disgrace, shame. neslig, despicable, shameful, nefarious. nick|a (-ade, -at), to uod; to doze; to grow dull; to bend, sway (to the wind). nigning (-en, -ar), curtsy. Nilen, the Nile. Nilvag (-eny -or), wave or waters of the Nile. Ninive, Nineveh. nio, nine. nit (-et), zeal, ardor. nittio (nitti), ninety. nitton, nineteen. njuta (njot, njutit), to enjoy, relish. njutning (-en, -ar), enjoyment, delight, pleasure. nobel, noble; dignified. nobelpris (-et, — ), Nobel prize (No^beF). nog, enough, sufficient; ej nog, furthermore; nog av, at all events, nevertheless. noga, closely, thoroughly, minutely, carefully, precise- ly, accurately. nord or Nord (-en), the North, the Scandinavian countries or any of them. nordan, the north wind. nordanskog (-en, -ar), north- em forest. nordanstorm (-en, -ar), storm from the North, north wind. nordanvind (-en, -ar), north wind. nordanvad|er (-ret, — ), north wind. nordisk, northern. nordlig, northern, northerly. norn|a (-an, -or), Norn, one of three demigoddesses of fate. norr, north; pa Norr, on the north side in Stockholm. norrskensberg (-en, — ), mountains over which the northern lights play. norrskensldg|a (-an, -or), Au- rora Borealis, northern Ught. VOCABULAKY 163 Norrstrom, North river (in Stockholm) . nu, now, at present, nu (-et), the present. num|mer (abbrev., n:o or nr), -ret, or -mern, — or num- ror), number, figure. ny, new, novel, unusual; pa nytt, anew, again, nybildning (-en, -ar), new formation, nyck (-en, -er), whim, fancy, caprice, conceit, vagary, humor. nyckelharp|a (-an, -or), hurdy- gurdy. nyckelknipp|a (-an, -or), bunch of keys. nyfodd, newborn, nyhet (-en, -er), newness, nov- elty. nymf (-en, -er), nymph, fairy, nyponblom (-men, coll. pi.), brier rose, wild brier, nyromantiker (-n, — ), new romanticist, nyromantisk, neo-romantic. nyss, just now. nyssfodd (nyfodd), newborn, nystiftad, newly organized. nysvensk, new or modem Swedish. nytta (-n), use, purpose, nyttig, useful, beneficial. nyttj|a (-ade, ^t), to use, em- ploy. nytand, lighted anew (of the moon) ; rekindled, nyarsdag (-en, -ar). New Year's Day. nyarsmSnle (-en, -ar). New Year's moon. nyars|natt (-natten, -natter), New Year's night, nyarsvisja (-an, -or). New Year's ballad. na (-dde, -tt), to reach; to at- tain; to stretch. nad (-en, rarely -er), grace, mercy, favor; hans, hennes nad, (nade) his, her grace, his lordship, her ladyship, nadig herrn, the master, nade, have mercy on; (pres. subj. only). nadig, lordly, highborn; mer- ciful, gracious. nag|on (-ot), some, some one, any, anyone, several, a few, anything, something. nagonsin, ever, at any time. nal (-en, -ar), needle, pin; pa nalar, on pins, on the anx- ious seat. nansin (nagonsin), ever. Nacken, the nix, the water sprite; commonly used as a proper noun in the definite form; sometimes as a com- mon noun — nack, nackar. ^naktergal (-en, -ar), nightin- gale. namn|a (-de, -t), to name, mention; to enumerate; som namnt, as stated, nar, when; near, nara, near, nearly; nara nog, almost, well-nigh. nar|a (-de, -t), to nourish, feed, narande, nourishing, nutri- tious, narmare, narmre, nearer, clos- er. narmast, nearest, next, narmaste, kindred, relatives, family. narvaro (-n), presence. nas (-et, — ), ness, point. nasduk (-en, -ar), handker- chief, nast, next. naste (-t, -n), nest; cove; den, hovel, nat (-et, — ), net, fish net; network. 164 SVENSK DIKTNING natt, neat, prim. nav|e (-en, -ar), hand, fist. nod (-en), need, trouble, dis- tress, want, necessity. nodgjas (-ades, -ats), to be compelled, obliged. noj|as (-des, -ts), to be satis- fied, pleased; to take satis- faction, be sated. nojd, satisfied, pleased. nbje (-t, -n), joy, pleasure, merriment, amusement, de- light, gratification. nbt|a (-te, -t), to wear, use. nott, worn. O. o, O, oh, alas. oavbruten, unceasing, incey- sant, uninterrupted. obefaren, untraversed. obeharskat, unreservedly, ag- gressively. oberoende, independent. obesokt, unfrequented, unex- plored. obetvinglig, unconquerable, ir- resistible, insatiable. obetydlig, insignificant, limit- ed, small, minor. obotlig, incurable. ocean (-en, -er), ocean, sea. och, and. ock, also, too. ocksS, also, too. odaljbonde (-bonden, -bonder), allodial peasant, freeholder; odalman or udalman. ode (-t, -n; -n, -r), ode. odelat, exclusively, undivided- ly. odiing (-en), culture, civiliza- tion. odraglig, intolerable, odious, insufferable, unbearable. odysse (-en, -er), Odyssey. ododlig, immortal. cdodlighetstankje (-en, -ar), concept of immorality. oerhbrd, unheard of, unequal- ed. ofantlig, great, enormous; o- fantligt, greatly, highly, ve- ry. offentlig, public, general. off|er (-ret, — ), victim; sac- rifice. offerdag (-en, -ar), day of sac- rifice. offerkrans (-en, -ar), sacrifi- cial garland. ofri, dependent, unfree, un- emancipated. ofta, often, ofttimes, fre- quently. ofard (-en), misfortune, ill luck, adversity. ofopfarad, unafraid, dauntless, undismayed, fearless, in- trepid. ofbrstadd, misjudged, misun- derstood. oforstaende, unjust, unintelli- gent, injudicious. ofortjant, undeserved, unmer- ited. ofortankt, unforeseen, unsus- pected, unlooked for; sud- denly, unexpectedly. ogift, unmarried, single. ogrundad, unfounded, false. oholjd, bare, frank, uncon- cealed; brazen. ohbrd, unheard, unheeded. ok (-et, — ), yoke; fig., bur- den. okuvlig, dauntless, unconquer- able. okand, unknown, strange, for- eign. olika, different, various. olikartad, unlike, different, varied, miscellaneous. oliv (-en, -er), olive, olive branch. VOOABTILAET 165 olyckja (-an, -or), mishap, misfortune, disaster. olycklig, unhappy; unfortu- nate. olycksfull, wretched, unfortu- nate. Olymp (-en), Olympus, abode of the gods. om, about, concerning, of; a- round; again; back; if, whether; ack om, oh that. ombonad, equipped for com- fort, comfortable, well or- dered. omdiime (-t, -n), judgment, o- pinion, conclusion. omfamn|a (-ade, -at), to em- brace, fathom. omfatt|a (-ade, -at), to em- brace, include, comprise. omfattande, comprehensive, extensive. omfang (-et), extent, volume, voluminousness. omlgiva (-gav, -givit), to sur- round, encircle. omkring, around, about, ap- proximately; runt omkring, all around. omkull, over, down; sl3 om- kull, to strike, knock down; to overturn, upset. omrade (-t, -n), domain, field, sphere, realm. omsider, eventually, at length, finally. omslag (-et, — ), change, re- versal. om{smyga (-smog, -smugit), to prowl around, steal about; commonly kringsmyga. omsorg (-en, -er), care, atten- tion, pains, heed. omsorgsfull, careful, pains- taking. omstandighet (-en, -er), cir- cumstance, fact; pi., condi- tion. omtockn|as (-ades, -ats), to be veiled, dimmed, darken- ed; to grow hazy. omatlig, immeasurable, infi- nite, endless. onatur (-en), unnaturalness, conventionalism, artifice. ond, evil, wicked, bad, vicious, corrupt. ondska (-n), evil. ont (ond), evil. onad, disgrace, disfavor. opi|um (-et), opium. opp (upp), up. optimistisk, optimistic. oratorisk, oratorical, rhetor- ical. ord (-et, — ), word, letter; ha ordet, to have the floor; Herrens (Guds) ord, the Word of God, Holy Writ. ordentlig, proper, orderly. ,,ordentligt, properly, in good order, systematically. ordnja (-ade, -at), to arrange, order; to set in order. ordning (-en, -ar), order, ar- rangement, system. ordskatt (-en, -er), vocabula- ry; language; choice or wealth of words. ordval (-et), choice of words. organ (-et, — ), organ, mouth- piece, official publication. Orienten, the Orient. originalitetsbegar (-et), affec- tation, desire to appear original, odd or peculiar. orkan (-en, -er), hurricane, tempest, tornaido. orm (-en, -ar), serpent, snake. oro (-n), unrest, anxiety, dis- quiet, agitation, trouble, mo- lestation, excitement, hub- bub, alarm. orolig, restless, agitated, anx- ious, troubled, alarmed, ex- cited. 166 SVENSK DIKTNrNG orsak (-en, -er), reason, cause, origin. ort (-©n, -er), place, locality. orygglig, unswervable. oraknelig, innumerable, count- less. orattvis|a (-an, -or). Injustice, wrong. osann, untrue, false. osedd, unseen, invisible. Oskar, Oscar. oskuld (-en), innocence, guile- lessness, purity. oskuldsfull, innocent, pure, guileless, artless. oskuldsglans (-en), pure light of innocence, radiance of purity. oskyldig, innocent, guileless; guiltless. oskar|a (-ade, -at), to pollute, stain; to make impure; to desecrate. oslacklig, quenchless, un- quenchable. OSS, us. ostkak|a (-an, -or), a kind of pudding prepared with ren- net; curd-cake. ostyrig, unruly, frisky. osynlig, unseen, invisible, hid- den, secret. osaglig, inexpressible, unut- terable, indescribable. otacksam, ungrateful, thank- less. otalig, countless, innumerable. otrolig, incredible, unbeliev- able, improbable, unlikely. oumbarlig, indispensable. outplanlig, indelible, inefface- able. outtrbttlig, untiring, tireless, indefatigable. ovan, above, on high; frSn o- van, from on high, above. ovannamnd, aforesaid. ovett (-et), abuse, insult. oviija (-n), antipathy. oviss, uncertain, vague, aim- less. ovald, justice, impartiality, fairness. ovaldighet (-en), impartiality. ovantad, unexpected, unfore- seen. ox|e (-en, -ar), ox. oandlig, endless, unfathom- able, profound. oandlighet (-en), endlessness, eternity, infinitude. oandlighetslangtan, longing for the infinite, or indefin- able. pack|a (-ade, -at), to pack, palats (-et, — ), palace, palm (-en, -er), palm, panateneisk, panathenian, all- Athenian. pann|a (-an, -or), forehead, temples, pant (-en, -er), pledge, gage, pawn, papper (-et, — ), paper, pappersremsja (-an, -or), strip of paper, par (-et, — ), pair, couple, few; par om par, in pairs, by pairs, two and two. par|a (-ade, -at), to couple; to pair, mate; to combine, paradis (-et, — ), paradise, parentation (-en, -er), eulogy, funeral oration, obsequies, park (-en, -er), park. Parnass (-en), Parnassus, parti (-et, -er), party; part, passage; faction, section; game; taga parti, to take sides; to take exception, pass (-et, — ), pass, pass; s3 pass, so far, to such a degree; vid pass, about, approximately. VOCABULARY 167 passionerad, passionate, im- passioned, intense. pastor (-n, -er), pastor. pastorskja (-an, -or), pastor's wife. patent (-et, — ), large, unfold- ed sheet of paper. patos, pathos. Paulus, Paul the Apostle, St. Paul. pelargang (-en, -ar), colon- nade. penn|a (-an, -or), pen, quill. penning (-en, -ar), coin, mon- ey. pepparkakja (-an, -or), ginger- snap. Per, Peter, Pierre. pergament (-et, — ), parch- ment. periferi (-en, -er), periphery, circumference. Perikles, Pericles. person (-en, -er), person, in- dividual. person! ig, personal, individu- al. peruk (-en, -er), wig, periwig. pessimism (-en), pessimism. pest (-en), epidemic, pesti- lence. piano (-t, -n), piano. pickja (-ade, -at), to peck; to maJ^e a pecking or tick- ing sound. pigja (-an, -or), hired girl, maidservant. pikant, piquant, sharp, smart, racy. pi I (-en, -ar), arrow, shaft. pil (-en, -ar), willow. pilgrim (-en, -er), pilgrim. pilgrimsdrakt (-en, -er), garb of a pilgrim. pllgrimsskrock (-et), pilgrim superstition. pilgrimsstav (-en, -ar), pil- grim staff. pilt (-en, -ar), lad, boy, strip- ling. Pinden, the Pindus. pingst (-en, -ar), Pentecost, Whitsunday. pingstdagsgladje (-n), Pente- costal joy, Whitsuntide pleasure. pingstdagsmorg|on (-onen, -nar), Whitsunday morning. pingst|natt (-natten, -natter), Pentecostal night, night be^ fore WhitsundEly. pinj© (-n, -r), pinea, stone pine. pinn|e (-en, -ar), roost, peg. pip|a (-an, -or), barrel of a gun. pipa (pep, pipit), to pipe, chirp. pisk (-en, -or), piskja (-an, or), whip. pisksnart (-en, -ar), whip. planet (-en, -er), planet. plant|a (-an, -or), plant; fig., children. plantja (-ade, -at), to plant. planterja (-ade, -at), to plant. platan (-en, -er), plantain. plats (-en, -er), place, local- ity; position, situation. platt, flat, plane. platt, totally, thoroughly, en- tirely. plag|a (-an, -or), pain, tor- ture, suffering; malady, complaint. plagsam, painful. plinja (-ade, -at) ut, to erace, wipe out, efface; common- ly utplina. plag|a (-ade, -at), to be used to; to be in the habit of or accustomed to. plar (plagar), (am, is) accus- tomed to. pIStsilg, sudden, unforeseen, instant. 168 SVENSK DIKTNING pIStsligt, suddenly. poem (-et, — ), poem. poesi (-en), poetry, poesy; pi. poesier, verses, doggerel. poetast|er (-ern, -rer), poet- aster, petty rhymer, rhyme- ster. poetisk, poetic. pojkje (-en, -ar), boy, lad, stripling, youngster. pokal (-en or -n, -er), cup, goblet, beaker. pol (-en, -er), pole. politik (-en), politics. politisk, political. Polle, also Pal'le or palle, com- mon pet name for a horse; dobbin. polskja, polk|a (-an, -or), pol- ka. pontak (-en), pontac, a dark red wine of France. popularitet (-en), popularity. popular, popular. porslin (-et), porcelain. porslinsarbetare (-n, — ), mak- er of porcelain. porslinsfabrik (-en, -er), porcelain factory. port (-en, -ar), gate, entrance, door. portratt (-et, — or -er), por- trait. post (-en), post, mail. Post- och Inrikes Tidningar, official newspaper of Swe- den, organ of the Swedish government. prakt (-en), splendor, gran- deur, pomp,, magnificence, display, brilliancy. praktfull, splendid, brilliant. praktstycke (-t, -n), master- piece, splendid work. prasslja (-ade, -at), to rustle. predik|a (-ade, -at), to preach. predikant (-en, -er), preafcher. president (-en, -er), president. press (-en), press (newspa- perdom). preussare (-n, — ), Prussian. primarius, first, superior; pas- tor primarius, the ranking pastor of the Stockholm clergy. pris (-et, — ), prize. prisja (-ade, -at), to praise, laud, glorify; to commend; prisa salig, to call blessed. prisamne (-t, -n), subject for competition. privatlarare (-n, — ), private teacher, tutor. produktion (-en, -er), produc- tion, output, product; liter- ary production; writings. professor (-n, -er), professor. prolog (-en, -er), prologue. Pro mete us, Prometevs, Greek mythol., Prometheus, a Ti- tan. promoverja (-ade, -at), to pro- mote, advance; to confer academic degrees. prosja (-an), prose. prosafbrfattare (-n, — ), prose writer. prov (-et, — ), test, proof; hal- la provet, to stand the test. pryjda (-dde, -tt), to adorn, decorate, deck. prydd, adorned, embellished, decorated, decked. prydllg, decorative. pralja (-ade, -at), to shine, show off, parade; to make' ostentatious display ; to vaunt. pragjel (-ein, -lar), stamp, mark, character, impress. pragl|a (-ade, -at), to engrave, stamp, delineate, fashion, formulate; to characterize. pragl|as (-ades, -ats), to be stamped, characterized; VOCABULARY 169 praglas av, tc be character- ized by, distin^ished for. praktig, brilliant, splendid; excellent. prant (-et, — ), manuscript in text-hand ; handwriting in imitation of print. prant|a (-ade, -at), to text; to write in text-hand; to en- gross. prast (-en, -er), preacher, pastor, priest. prasterlig, clerical, priestly, ministerial. prastfar, worthy parson, rev- erend father. prastfolk (-et, — ), the pas- tor's family. prastfru (-n, -ar), minister's wife. prastgard (-en, -ar), parson- age; manse; coUoq., prast- gal. prastgardspark (-en, -er), park surrounding a parson- age. prastmor (-an), parson's wife. prast|son (-sonen, -soner), son of a minister, preacher's son. prbva (-ade, -ait), to test, prove, try; prova pS, to put to the test; to attempt. provning (-en, -ar), trial, test. psalm (-en, -er), hymn, psalm. psalnfi|bok (-boken, booker), hymn book, hymnal, psalm- ody, psalm book. psalmdiktning (-en), compo^ sition of hymns. psalmsang (-en), singing of psalms. psalmsSngare (-n, — ), psalm- ist, singer of psalms, hymn writer. psykologisk, psychological. publicer|a (-ade, -at), to pub- lish, issue; to have or cause to be published. pud|er (-ret), powder. puk|a (-an, -or), kettledrum, timbaJ. . puis (-en, -ar), pulse. pulsslag (-et, — ), pulse beat, . throb. purpur (-n), purple, ruddiness. purpurfarg (-en, -er), purple. purpurgarn (-et), purple or crimson cord. purpurglod (-en), purple glow. pust (-en, -ar), breath, sigh. put|a (-an, -or), pillow, cush- ion. puts|a (-ade, -at), to trim (a lamp) ; to polish, clean, furbish. pyrrikisk, Pyrrhic. pyssl|a (-ade, -at), to busy one- self with trifling duties; to look after (things) ; to pot- • ter; usually with med, cm, to take care of. pa, on, upon, in, of, to, at; gora anda pi, make an end of, put an end to; pa det (att), so that, in order that; pa grund av, on account of. pagaende, going on, proceed- ing, current, existing. pakla|da (-dde, -tt), to put on, dress. paskynd|a (-ade, -at), to ac- celerate, hasten. paverk|a (-ade, -at), to influ- ence. paverkan, influence. parl|a (-an, -or), pearl; poet., dewdrop. parlglans (-en), pearly sheen, glitter of pearls. pobel (-n), mob, rabble. rad (-en, -er), line, row. raggen, the devil, the dickens. 170 SVENSK DIKTNING ragl|a (-ade, -at), to stagger, reel. rak, straight; rak(t) pa sak, straight to the point, di- rect. ram (-en, -ar), frame. ramlja (-ade, -at), to tumble, fall. rand (-en), rim, edge, border. rangplats (-en, -er), position of rank. rankja (-an, -or), vine. rannsakja (-ade, -at), to search, study. rar, rare, sweet. ras (-et), wild, boisterous play; frolic, mirth. rasande, raging, wild, furious. raseri (-et), rage, craze, mad- ness. rask, adroit, active, spry, live- ly, quick, smart; fast, brisk, rapid. rassl|a (-ade, -at), to clash, rattle. rast (-en, -er), rest, pause, halt; utan rast, ceaselessly. rastlos, incessant, without resting or ceasing. realistisk, realistic. rebab|e (-en, -er), rebab, a stringed instrument (medie'- val and Oriental) resem- bling the violin. reda (-n), order, clearness; skaffa (taga) reda pS, to find out, get to know; to learn of. re|da (-dde, -tt), to prepare, make ready; poet, for be- reda. redaktion (-en, -er), editor- ship, editorial work; edi- torial staff. redan (ren), already, as ear- ly as. redlig, honest, upright, right- eous, fair and square. redskapshus (-et, — ), tool house, repair shop. referent (-en, -er), reporter, spec., reporter of meetings, conventions, etc. refflad, fluted, corrugated, filleted. reflektion, reflexion (-en), re- flection, introspection. reformationsfest (-en, -er), Reformation festival. reg|el (-ein, -ler), rule, law, form. regelbunden, regular, uniform. regeltvang (-et), submission to rules, tyranny of form, regularity, conventionality. regering (-en, -ar), govern- ment, administration. regnbegjuten, drenched or dripping with rain. regnback (-en, -ar), freshet. reguljar, regular. relief (-en, -er), relief. religionshan (-et), scoffing at or mockery of religion, ir- reverence. religiositet (-en), religious- ness, piety, godliness, de- voutness. religios, religious. rems|a (-an, -or), strip. ren, pure, clear; true, genu- ine. ren (redan), already, even now. ren|a (-ade, -at), to cleanse, purify. renhet (-en), purity. rens|a (-ade, -at), to purify, cleanse, clean; to clear. representer|a (-ade, -at), to represent. republik (-en, -er), republic. res|e (-en, -ar), giant. resebrev (-et, — ), letter of travel. VOCABTOARY 171 reservation (-en, -er), reserva- tion. reskamrat (-en, -er), travel- ing companion. resning (-en, -ar), erection, elevation. resoner|a (-ade, -at), to rea- son; to argue. rest (-en, -er), rest, remain- der; for resten, besides. resultat (-et, — or -er), re- sult. ret|a (-ade, -at), to madden, enrage, provoke, infuriate. retad, enraged, maddened, fu- rious. retorik (-en), rhetoric; elo^ quence. rev|el (-ein, -lar), reef, sand bar. rida (red, ridit), to ride. rik, rich, great, profuse, a- bundant, opulent. rike (-t, -n), realm, kingdom^ domain, estate. rikedom (-en, -ar), wealth; riches. riklig, abundant, profuse, plentiful, bounteous. riksarkiv (-et, — ), royal ar chives, state archives. riksdag (-en, -ar), parliament, session of parliament, the Swedish legislative body or its term of session; riksdag. rikshistoriograf (-en, -er), state historiographer; a title bestowed on noted his- torians. rikt|a (-ade, -at), to enrich. riktig, true, trusty, faithful; real; correct, accurate; proper. riktigt, right, squarely, prop- erly, correctly. riktning (-en, -ar), direction; tendency ; trend ; school, group. rim (-met, — ), rhyme. rimflatning (-en, -ar), inter- lacing of rhymes. rimfrost (-en), hoarfrost, rime. rimm|a (-ade, -at), to rhyme; to write verses. ring (-en, -ar), ring, circle; arch, vault; whirl; orbit. ringa, lowly, humble, mean, slight, small, trifling, insig- nificant. ringare (-n, — ), bell-ringer. ringmur (-en, -ar), wall sur- rounding a city, encircling wall. rinna (rann, runnit), to run, flow; rinna upp, to rise. rinnande, running. ris (-et, — ), switch, rod. ris|a (-ade, -at), to chastise, switch; to satirize; to criti- cise. ritt (-en, -er), ride. riva" (rev, rivit), to tear, wrench; to scratch. Rivieran, the Riviera. ro (-n), peace, rest, quiet, tranquillity. ro|a (-ade, -at), to amuse, en- tertain, divert. rock (-en, -ar), coat. rodd (-en), rowing. rod|er (-ret, — ), rudder. rolig, calm, peaceful, undis- turbed, sweet, placid; fun- ny, amusing, laughable; jolly, merry, pleasant. rolos, restless. Roma, Rome. roman (-en, -er), novel. romansl<, Romance. romantik (-en), romanticism. romantiker (-n, — ^), romanti- cist. romantisk, romantic. romare (-n, — ), Roman. rop|a (-ade, -at; colloq. and 172 SVENSK DIKTNIN6 poet, -te, -t), to exclaim, call out, shout, ros (-en, -or), rose. rosenband (-et, — ), wreath of roses, rosy band. rosenblad (-et, — ), rose leaves. rosenjungfru (-n, -r), rose maiden, flower girl, rosenkorg (-en, -ar), basket of roses. rosenkrans (-en, -ar), wreath of roses. rosenrod, rosy, roseate, rosy red. rosig, rosy, bearing roses, roseate; figured with roses, rostig, rusty, rot (roten, rotter), root, rov (-et, — ), spoils, plunder, booty, ruin (-en, -er), niin. rull|a (-ade, -ait), to roll, rullning (-en, -ar), revolution, rolling, runn (-met, — ), place; room; chamber; space. run|a (-an, -or), rune, fund (-en, -er), circle, sphere, round, rund, round, ample, plentiful; circular, globular, rundiig, generous, liberal, round. runk|a (-ade, -at), to shake. runosSng (-en, -er), runic song, runt, around, about; amply, roundly, alDundantly; runt omkring, all around, runtom, around, rustg, drunk, intoxicated. rut|a (-an, -or), windowpane, square. ruv|a (-ade, -at), to brood. ryck|a (-te, -t), to move, march, rush; rycka an, to sally forth, advance. ryckning (-en, -ar), twitch, spasm. rygg (-en, -ar), back; ridge. '■ygg|a (-ade, -at), to fall back; to swerve; to evade; usually with tillbaka. ryk|a (-te, -t; rok or rokte, rokt), to smoke, steam, fume. rykte (-t, -n), rumor, fame, reputation. ryktbarhet (-en, — ), fame; ryktbarheter, celebrities. rymd (-en, -er), space, uni- verse, expanse, world. rym|ma (-de, -t), to desert, depart, flee; to contain, hold. rysning (-en, -ar), shudder. ryta (rot, rutit), to roax. rytm (-en, -er), rhythm. rytmisk, rhythmical. ra (-et, -n), a kind of crisp cake or waffle; usually, go- ran (godran). ra, raw, savage. ra, rada, (radde, ratt), to rule, reign; to have power; to prevail, predominate. rad (-et, — ), advice, counsel, admonition; council, con- sultation; counselor. ra|da (-dde, -tt), to rule, reign, govern, control; to pre- dominate. radplagning (-en, -ar), coun- cil, deliberation, confer- ence. radvillhet (-en), perplexity, hesitation, doubt, uncer- tainty, irresolution. ram|a (-ade, -at), to low, moo. rin (-et, — ), robbery. rack|a (-te, -t), to reach, last, endure, extend; to stretch; to hand. radas (raddes, radits), to fear. VOCABULAKY 173 raddja (-ade, -at), to save, rescue, preserve. rakn|a (-ade, -at), to count, reckon; to consider, es- teem; to date; to number, enumerate. rakning (-en, -ar), account. ramnja (-ade, -at), to crack, break. ranker, intrigues^ plots, mach- inations, cabals. ratt (-en, rarely -er), right, privilege. ratt (-en, -er), dish, course at table. ratt, right, correct, proper, suitable, appropriate. ratta; till ratta, aright; to light; stall a till ratta, to set right; to put in order; I eta till ratta, to bring to light; to bring out. rattfardighet (-en), righteous- ness. rattfardighetsfullt, full right- eously. rod, red, ruddy. rbdgul, reddish yellow, glow- ing. r6j|a (-de, -t), to discern; to discover; to betray; to give evidence of. rbk (-en), smoke; rokar, pil- lars or wreaths of smoke, as from many chimneys. riikelse (-n, -r), incense. ron|a (-te, -t), to learn, ob- serve, discover; to appre- hend; to enjoy; to encoun- ter. r6nndruv|a (-an, -or), cluster of rowan-berries, berries of the mountain ash. ror|a (-de, -t), to move, stir; to touch; to affect, im- press; to strike, play upon (a musical instrument) ; ror|as (-des, -ts), to be moved. touched, stirred; rora sig, to move, stir, bestir one- self. rorelse (-n, -r), movement, motion; emotion. rbst (-en, -er), voice. rov|a (-ade, -at), to rob, steal; rbva till sIg, to appropriate; to arrogate to oneself. S. sa (sade), quoth. sab|el (-ein, -lar), saber. Sachsen, Saxony. sad' (sade), said. sadjel (-eIn, -lar), saddle. saft (-en, -er), sap, juice; es- sence, strength. sag|a (-an, -or), saga, tale, sto- ry, romance; fairy tale. sagofortaiiJersk{a (-an, -or), story-teller. sagojland (-landet, -lander), land of sagas; land famed in story. sagospel (-et, — ), poetic romance; mythical or fa- bled poem; fairy romance; cycle of poems built on the sak (-en, -er), thing, object; cause, matter, question; pi., baggage, belongings ; till saken, pa sak, to the point. sakn|a (-ade, -at), to miss, lack; to want. saknad (-en), regret; need, want; desire; loss. sakta, quiet, slow, silent, sub- dued; quietly, slowly. saktmod (-et), meekness, pa- tience. sakoren, fees; fines, penalty. sal (-en, -ar), hall, salon, par- lor, room. salig, sainted, blessed, happy. 174 SVBNSK D^KINI^FG salopp (-en, -er), a short sacque or coat of light ma- terial; an overgarment without sleeves (Schiick). samhallsliv (-et), social life, community life. samkvam (-et, — ), company, society, social gathering, meeting. samlja (-ade, -at), to gather, collect, assemble; samlas, samla sig, to gather, come together, meet. samling (-en, -ar), collection. samlingsvurm (-en), mania for collecting. samma^ the same; ett och samma, the same thing. samman, together, jointly. sammanford, brought togeth- er, gathered. sammanhang (-et, — ), con- nection. sammanslutning (-en, -ar), as- sociation, federation. samman{smalta, (-smalte, -smalt), to unite, combine. sammetsmossja (-an, -or), vel- vet cap; skullcap of velvet. samtid (-en), age, time; con- temporaneous persons and things ; contemporaries. samtidig, simultaneous, coe- val, contemporaneous; sam- tidigt, at the same time, simultaneously, meanwhile, coincidentaJly. samvet|e, samvet (-et, -en), conscience. samvetsgrann, conscientious. sanatorievdrd (-en), care at a sanatorium. sand (-en), sand. sandeltra (-et), sandalwood. sandig, sandy. sann, true, real, genuine. sanning (-en, -ar), truth, veri- ty, fact. sanningssokare (-n, — ), seek- er after truth. sanningstrangtan, yearning for the truth. sansad, sane, sensible. sansning (-en), sense, intel- ligence, sanity. sant, true. Sapfo, Sappho, Grecian poet- ess. satir (-en, -er), satire; pi., satirical works. satirisk, satirical. seen (-en, -er), stage. schablonmassig, stereotyped, traditional, formal. schakt (-et, — or -er), shaft, pit (of a mine). se (sag, sett), to see, look; to notice; to perceive; to understand; se an, to a- wait, contemplate; se, in- ter:., lo, behold. sed (-en, -er), habit, custom, manner, way. sedan (sen), after, afterward, subsequently, later; ago; sedan tjugu ar, since twen- ty years ago; these twenty years past. sedermera, aiterwards, subse- quently, later. sedesam (sedsam) , virtuous, modest. sefir (-en), zephyr, the west wind. segjel (-let, -len), sail. seg|er (-ern, -rar), victory. segerfanja (-an, -or), flag of victory, triumphant stand- ard. segerkrans (-en, -ar), wreath of victory. segerled (-en, -er), trium- phant march. segerrik, victorious, trium- phant. VOCABULARY 175 segersall, triumpliant, victo- rious. seglar|e (-en, — ), seaman, sailor. segp|a (-ade, -at), to win, triumph, gain victory; to come out (be) victorious. segrare (-n, — ), victor, con- queror. sejour (-en, -er), season. sek|6l (-let, -ler), century. sekelskifte (-t, -n), beginning or end of a century. sekreterare (-n, — ), secreta- ry. sel|e (-en, -ar), harness. sen (sedan), after; later; An sen? What of it? What next? senja (-an, -or), tendon, sin- ew. senare, later, latter, subse- quent; subsequently, there- after. September, September. septemberjnatt (-natten, nat- ter), September night. seraf (-en, -er or -im), seraph. sex, six. sextio (sexti), sixty. sexton, sixteen. sextonarig, sixteen years old, of sixteen (years). sfar (-en, -er), sphere, orb, ball, globe, field. si|a (-ade, -at), to predict, foretell. siare (-n, — ), seer. sid|a (-an, -or), side; at sidan, aside; vid sidan om, be- side, aside from. siden (-et), satin. sidenvad (-en, -er), poet., silk- en garb. siffr|a (-art, -or), figure, num- ber, cipher. sig, himself, herself, itself, themselves. signal (-en, -er), signal. silkesseg|el (-let, — ), silken sail. silkessnore (-t, -n), silken cord. sllv|ep (-ret), silver. silverback (-en, -ar), silvery brook. silverkannja (-an, -or), silver goblet, decanter. silverklar, silvery, with sil- very tone. silverpenning (-en, -ar), sil- ver coin. siiverpopp|el (-ein, -lar), sil- ver poplar. silverskir (-et), silvery gos- samer, film or gauze. silverskrud (-en, -ar), silvery gown, glittering raiment. silversky (-n, -ar), silvery cloud. silverslidja (-an, -or), silver sheath. silverstamm|a (-an, -or), sil- very voice, tone. silvertar (-en, -ar), silvery tear. silvertacke (-t, -n), silvery blanket. silvervit, silvery, silvery gray or white. siivervag (-en, -or), silvery wave. simm|a (sam, summit or -ade, -at), to swim, float. sin, his, her, hers, its, their, theirs. sinne (-t, -n), mind; sense; nature, character; poet., Sinn; i sitt sinne, inward- ly; laga sinnen, depraved characters; sinnen, senses. sinnesro (-n), peace of mind. sinnessjul- dizen. smyg (-en, -ar), recess, niche, corner, covert; i smyg, in secret, by stealth, furtively, clandestinely. smyga (smog, smugit), to steal, slip, creep, sneak, slink; to smuggle; to place secretly. sma (pi. of liten), small, little. smaningom, little by little, slowly, gradually, by slow degrees ; eventually. smiitt, slightly, a trifle, some- what. smacker, of graceful form; slender. smalta (smailt, smultit), to melt; smalta samman, to amalgamate, commingle. smaltande, melting, mellif- luent, soft. smarre (sma), smaller, lessor, inferior. smart, slender. smartla (-an, -or) , pain, suffer- ing, pang, throe, hurt, grief, distress, affliction. snabb, rapid, fleet, quick, fast. snacksall, gossipy, talkative. snar, quick, rapid; early; fast, fleet. snarja (-an, -or), snare, trap. snark|a (-ade, -at), to snore. snarligt, soon, shortly. snart, soon, early, quickly, shortly. snatt|a (-ade, -at), to pilfer. snille (-t, -n), genius. snillrik, ingenious. snyft|a (-ade, -at), to sob. snack|a (-an, -or), bark, skiff, shallop. snail, good, kind, dutiful. snaitt, gracefully, daintily, rapidly. snav, narrow. sno (-n), snow. snod, paltry, worthless, base, sordid, vile, mean. 182 SVENSK DIKTNING snbdropp|e (-en, -ar), snow- drop. snofall (-et, — ), snowfall. snofjun (-et, — ), snowflake, down or film of snow. Snofrid, name of a fairy, fairy queen; . Queen, Snow-white. snoig, snowy, snow-covered. snord, laced. sock|en (-nen, -nar), parish. sockenbo (-n, -r), parishioner. sol (-en, -ar), sun, sunlight. solbeglanst, sunlit, sunkiss- ed. sol brand, sunburnt, tanned. sold (-en), pay, employ. soldatslakt (-en, -er), military family. solglans (-en), sunlight, efful- gence. sollg, sunny, sunshiny. so 1 1 jus (-et), sunlight, sun- shine. solskensglltt|er (-ret), glitter of sunlight. solskenslyst, bright with sun- shine, bathing or basking in the sun. solskensstund (-en, -er), hour of sunshine, brightest time or period. som, who, which, that, whom; as, like; efter som, in turn as. som|mar (-maren, -marn, -rar), summer. sommardag (-en, -ar), sum- mer day. sommardrSm (-men, -mar), dream of summer. sommarhag (-en), summery mood or disposition. sommarkvall (-en, -ar), sum- mer evening, sommarskur (-en, -ar), sum- mer shower. sommarvind (-en, -ar), sum- mer wind, breeze. somn|a (-ade, -at), to fall asleep; to go to sleep. son (sonen, soner), son. sonett (-en, -er), sonnet. sonlngsfull, poet., concilia- tory; regularly, forsonande. sop|a (-ade, -at), to sweep. sopp|a (-an, -or), soup, broth, stew. sopran (-en, -er), soprano. sorg (-en, -er), sorrow, grief, care. sorgdryck (-en), cup of sor- row, potion of grief. sorgedok (-et, — ), veil of mourning. sorgeeld (-en), burning grief. sorgeklagan, lamentation. sorgesang (-en, -er), plaintive song, mournful lay, dirge. sorgeton (-en, -er), plaint. sorghus (-et, — ), house ot mourning; usually, sorgehus. sorg I OS, carefree. sorgsen, sad, mournful, woe- begone. sort (-et, — ), murmur; din. sorl|a (-ade, -at), to murmur, purl, swirl. sot (-et), soot. sotad, sooty, blackened by smoke. sova (sov, sovit), to sleep. spann (-et, — ), span; pair. sparsam, meager, sparse, sparing. sparv (-en, -ar), sparrow. spatser|a (-ade, -at), to stroll, walk, promenade. speg|el (-ein, -lar), mirror. spegelklar, clear as a mir- ror, crystajline, pellucid. spegl]a (-ade, -at), to miiS ror, reflect; spegia sig, to look in a mirror. spej|a (-ade, -at), to spy; to look out (for) ; spejande, on the lookout. VOCABULAEY 183 spekulation (-en, -er), specu- lation. spel|a (-ade, -at), to play; to perform music; to make melody; to be in action; to gush, (as a fountain). spel|man (-mannen, -man), fiddler, musician. spets (-en, -ar), point, tip, apex. spett (-et, — ), spit. spinnai (spann, spunnit), to spin. spirja (-an, -or), scepter. spirituell, full of esprit, viva- cious, vivid. spis (-en), food. spis (-en, -ar), hearth, fire- place; stove. spis|el (-ein, -lar), hearth, fireside. spiselflamm|a (-an, .-or), hearth-flame. spiselhall (-en, -n, -ar), hearthstone. spjall (-et, — ), damper. split (-et), strife, disagree- ment, dissension. sporrja (-ade, -at), to spur, prod, urge, drive. spov (-en, -ar), curlew. sprakande, crackling. spratt (-et, — ), trick, prank, practical joke. sprida (spred, spridit), to spread, extend, circulate. spring|a (-an, -or), crack, chink, rift, cranny. springa (sprang, sprungit), to spring; to run; to hurst; springa opp, to burst open, to be thrown ajar; to open suddenly. spritta (spratt, spruttlt), to start, leap, jump; spritta till, to be suddenly startled. sprut|a (-an, -or), fire engine, syringe, squirtgun. sprut|a (-ade, -at), to spout, spray, sputter. sprSk (-et, — ), language, speech, tongue; passage of Scripture. sprakkonstnar (-en, -er), styl- ist, literajy artist. spraklig, linguistic. sprakrensning (-en), purifica- tion of language; linguistic reform. ' sprang (-et, — ), jump, leap; race. sprang|a (-de, -t), to burst, break; to disperse; spranga in, to rush or break in; spranga fram, to charge, rush forward. spa (-dde, -tt), to tell for- tunes; to practice sooth- saying; to predict. spidd, having had one's for- , tune told; having had some- thing predicted of oneself. spSr (-et, — ), track, trace, vestige; wake; footstep; mark. sparja (-ade, -at), to trace, track; to follow; to find traces. spack|a (-ade, -at), to gar- nish, embellish, trim. spad, tender, young, little, frail. spalt (-en), spelt, a variety of wheat. span|na (-de, t), to bend, stretch, draw ; spanna segel, to hoist (set) sail. spanning (-en, -ar), excite- ment; strain. sparrja (-ade, -at), to bar; to separate. spo (-t or -et, -n), rod, cane, wand, lash; stripe, stroke. spoklig, spokiik, ghostlike, ghastly. 184 SVENSK DIKTNING spor old form of sporjer, learn, hear. sporja (sporde, sport), to in- quire, ask, question; to learn, be informed of. sporjande, Inquiring, ques- tioning; puzzling, ponder- ing, meditative. stackars, poor, pity on, alas for. stad (staden, stader), city, town. stadd, being In the act of; engaged in. stadga (-n), stability, steadi- ness, firmness; stadgja (-an, -ar), statute, rule, regula- tion, law. stadg|a (-ade, -at), to steady, fix; to establish; to settle. stadig, steady, constant, con- tinous, permanent. stadigt, steadily, constantly. stadi|um (-et, -er), stage; state, condition. Staffan, Stephen. stall (-et, — ), stable. stall(e)drang (-en, -ar), hos- tler, groom, stableman. stam (-men, -mar), stem (of ship) ; trunk, (of tree) . stamlfader (-fadern, -fader), ancestor. stammande, stuttering, falter- ing. stamlmoder (-modern, -mod- rar), mother, foremother. stamp (-et), stamping, beat- ing (of horses' hoofs). stannja (-ade, -at), to stop, stay, halt; to remain; stan- na av, to stop, cease. stark, strong, mighty; firm, substantial. starklemmad, strong of limb, strong, robust. Stat (-en, -er), state. station (-en, -er), station. statskonst (-en), statesman- ship. statsrad (-et, — ), councillor of state, king's councillor, cabinet officer, minister. statssystem (-et, — or -er), system of government. staitt (imperative of sta), stand; Statt upp! Arise! stav (-en, -ar), staff. steg (-et, — ), step, pace. stek (-en, -ar), steak. stekjas (-tes, -ts), to be roast- ed. stel, stiff, lifeless, stale, rigid, stem, numb, formal. stelnad, stagnated. sten (-en, -ar), stone, rock, pebble. stepp (-en, -er), steppe. stiftja (-ade, -at), to enact, pass (a law) ; to organize, found, institute. stig (-en, -ar), path, way, track, trail. stiga (steg, stigit), to rise, mount; to amount to, ag- gregate, total; to step. stil (-en, -ar), style, manner, order; type. stilistlsk, literary, stylistic. stilla, still, silent, quiet, calm, peaceful; quietly, calmly, tranquilly, peacefully, si- lently. still |a (-ade, -at), to calm, still, stop, subdue, appease; to relieve, alleviate, light- en; stillas, to be stilled; to grow calm. stillhet (-en), stillness, quie- tude. stirr|a (-ade, -at), to stare. stjala (stal, stulit), to steal; to go stealthily, sneak; to pilfer, filch. stjalp|a (-te, -t), to overturn; to topple over. VOCABULARY 185 stjarn|a (-an, -op), star; or- der, decoration. stjarne|natt (-natten, -natter), starry night. stjarnerik, starry, star-span- gled, studded -with, stars. stjarnhim|mel (-mein, -lar), starry heaven, starlit firma- ment. stjarnmusik (-en), music of the spheres. stjarnstrbdd, studded or be- set with stars. stjarnvalv (-et, — ), firma- ment, starry vault, welkin. sto (-et, -n), mare. stock (-en, -ar), stock; stock ooh sten or sten och stock, stock and stone. Stockholmsposten, The Stock- holm Post. stocklat, utterly lazy. stod (-en, -er), statue, monu- ment; pillar, column. stoffering (-en, -ar), trim- ming; rigging; ruching. stoft (-et), dust, clay, ashes, earth; i stoftet, prone, pros- trate, abjectly. stoftgrand (-et, — ), speck of dust, atom, mote, particle. stoj (-et), noise, row, hubbub, uproar, tumult. stojia (-ade, -at), to make a noise; to be noisy, boister- ous; to cause a disturb- ance. stol (-en, -ar), chair, bench, stool, pew. stolt, proud, elated, haughty. stoppad, wadded. stop, great, large, grand. storhet (-en, -er), greatness, grandeur, vastness, magni- tude. storhetsdrom (-men, -mar), dream of greatness, ambi- tion. storm (-en, -ar), storm, stress, tempest. storm|a (-ade, -at), to storm; to rage, bluster, blow. stor|ma'(i (-mannen, -man), igreat man, notable, celebri- ty. storslagen, grand, lofty, stort, much; ej stort mer, not much more. strackl|a (-ade, -at), dial., to wobble, or shift from side to side. Cf. Sw. streta; Dial. Bug., strackling, gid- dy, shiftless person, straff (-et, — ), punishment, penalty, strafflost, without punisji- ment; with impunity, stram, stale, stiff, strained, strand (stranden, strander), shore, strand; coast. strand|a (-ade, -at), to run aground, go on the rocks; to be beached, stranded. strax, at once, immediately, instantly. stpet|a (-ade, -at), to struggle, stagger on, toil, strid (-en, -er), strife, strug- gle, discord, battle, warfare, strid, violent, strong, coarse, strida (stred, stridit), to fight, strive, battle, struggle; strida mot, to oppose; to conflict with, stridbar, able-bodied, aggres- isive; warlike, fit for mili- tary service, stridssatt (-et, — ), manner or method of fighting, mode of controversy. stpimm|a (-an,' -op), streak, beam, ray. stpimimja (-ade, -at), to beam, strofbyggnad (-en), verse structure, stanza formation. 186 SYENSK DIKTNINQ strofvis, a stanza in turn, by stanzas. struken, ironed, smootla. strunt (-en), sorry old wreck, good for nothing, worthless fellow, ne'er-do-well. struv|a (-an, -or), fritter. stryka (strbk, strukit), to strike; to smooth. Iron; to cross out. stral|a (-ade, -at), to beam, shine, blaze. stralande, beaming, lustrous, radiant. stral|e (-en, -ar), beam, ray. stralig, radiant. strack|a (-te, -t), to stretch, expand, extend; to aug- ment; to direct. Strang (-en, ^ar), string. Strang, severe, harsh, hard, onerous,' strenuous, heavy, stem, relentless. strangad, stringed, strangaiek (-en), minstrelsy. strangaspel (-et, — ), string music ; strain from a string- ed instrument. strangt, severely, harshly. stravja (-ade, -at), to strive, struggle, labor, toil, stravsam, diligent, laborious, irksome, toilsome; strav- samt, wearily, diligently. stro (-dde, -tt), to scatter, strew. Strom (-men, -mar), stream, river. stromm]a (-ade, -at), to flow, stream, rush, stromning (-en, -ar), trend, tendency, drift. strovja (-ade, -at), to roam, stray, strovtag (-et, — ), ramble, stubbje (-en, -ar), stump, student (-en, -er), college graduate; student. studentexamjen (-en, pi. -ina), college examination. s.tudentfan|a (-an, -or), stu- dents' flag, college or uni- versity flag. studentfest (-en, -er), celebra- tion, demonstration or festi- val by students. studer|a (-ade, -at), to study. studerande (-n, — ), student. studiear (-et, — ), year of study, school year. studi|um (-et, -er), study. stug|a (-an, -or), cottage, dwelling; living room. stum, dumb, mute, silent. stumhet (-en), silence, dumb- ness. stund (-en, -er), moment, hour, while. stundom, at times, some- times, now and then. stup|a (-ade, -at), to fall, die (in battle). stut (-en, -ar), steer. styck|a (-ade, -at), to appor- tion, divide, partition. styng (;et, — ), stitch. Styx (Stygen), Styx, the Riv- er of Death. styrk|a (-an, -or), strength, force, power, might; pi., military forces. styrk|a (-te, -t), to strengthen, reinforce, brace. sta (stod, statt), to stand; to be; to take place; to stand still; to be stagnant. stai (-et), steel. stand (-et, — ), standing, or- der, condition, state, eflfect; komma till stand, to be ac- complished, effected, real- ized, completed, estab- lished; to take place; to go into effect. standaktighet (-en), constan- cy, steadfastness, firmness. VOCABULARY 187 standpunkt (-en, er), stand- point, point of view. stStlig, stately, splendid, ex- cellent; pompous, grand, igrandiloquent, lofty. stStlighet (-en, -er), pomp, display, parade, splendor, show. stadad, neat, prim, proper, de- cent. 'stads, stadse, always, ever, constantly, continually. stall|a (-de, -t), to place, put; to raise; stalla sig, to stand, take a position; stalla till (tillstalla), to ar- range, contrive, plan. stallning (-en, -an), position, attitude; place, situation. stamd, keyed, attuned. stammja (-an, -or), voice, tone. stamning (-en, -ar), tone, at- mosphere, mood ; temper. sitamningsfullhet (-en), senti- mentality. stamplel (-eln, -lar), stamp, mark, impress. stampling (-en, -ar), usually pi., plot, intrigues, conspira- cy; sg., stamping, marking. standig, constant, perpetual, continuous, permanent. standigt, always, ever, con- stantly. stang|a (-de, -t), to shut, close, lock, bar. stangs|el (-let, — ), enclosure. stank (-et, — ), spray, splash. stav (-en, -ar), prow. stod (-et, — ), support, prop, stay. stodd, leaning, supported. sto|dja (-dde, -tt), to support, brace; stodja sig, to lean, depend. stok (-et), stir, bustle. stor|a (-de, ■*), to disturb. annoy; to interfere with; to interrupt. stbrt|a (-ade, -at), to throw (down) ; to precipitate; to thrust; to rush, leap, bound; to fall, tumble. stot|a (-te, -t), to push; to stamp, so as to be hard to ride (as horses) ; stota fram, to utter forcibly; stota I basun, to blow the trumpet. subjektiv, subjective. subjektivitet (-en), subjec- tlveness, subjectivity. sublim, sublime. suck (-en, -ar), sigh, breath. suck|a (-ade, -at), to sigh, sough; to long, yearn. suckan, sighing, agony. suga (sog, sugit), to suck, draw. suggesitiv, suggestive. summ|a (-an, -or), sum. sund, sound, healthy. sundhet (-en), health; sound- ness. supplikant (-en, -er), suppli- cant, applicant, suppliant. surr|a (-ade, -at), to hum, whir, buzz. surogd, blear-eyed, dimsight- ed. sus (-et), murmur, rustle, whisper, moan, wail, whir, whistle, whiz.' susja (-ade, -at), to blow; to moan, ninrmur, sough, whis- per; to rush. suveranitet (-en), sovereign- ty. svag, weak, feeble; svagt, scantily, meagerly. svaghet (-en, -er), weakness, frailty, shortcoming. sval, cool. svalja (-an, -or), swallow, marten. SVKNSK DIKTNING svala (svalka), to cool. svalbo (-et, -n), swallow's, nest. svalka (-n), coolness. svalk|a (-ade, -at), to cool; svalkas, to turn cool; to grow cool; da dagen sval- kas, at the approach of eve- ning, at eventide. svall (-et), surge, roar, rush. svallande, surging, tossing. svan (-en, -ar, -er, -or), swan. svans (-en, -ar), tail. Svanvit, lit, Swanwhite. a mythical character recur- ring in romantic poetry; svanvit, white as swan's- down. svar (-et, — ), answer, reply, response; solution. svar|a (-ade, -at), to answer, respond; to echo. svart, black, dark. svartalf (-en, -er), dark elf. svairv|a (-ade, -at), to turn; to mold, shape, form. Svea, traditional and poetic nam© for Sweden. svedenborgsk, Swedenborgi- an. svek (-et, — ), perfidy, treach- ery, deceit. sven (-nen, -ner), swain, lad, boy. svensk (-en, -ar), Swede. svensk, Swedish. svenska (-n), Swedish, the Swedish language. svenskla (-an, -or), Swedish girl or woman. svep|a (-te, -t), to wrap. Sverge, (Sverige), Sweden. svett (-en), sweat, perspirar tion. svida (sved, svldit), to smart, pain, hurt, ache. svika (svek, svikit), to be- tray, disappoint; to fall short of. svin (-et, — ), hog, swine, pig. sving|a (-ade, -at), to hover. svlnna (svann, svunnit), to disappear, pass; poet, for forsvinna. svag|er (-ern, -rar), brother-in- law. svar, heavy, severe, burden- some, difficult, painful, bad, ill. svarighet (-en, -er), difficulty, hardship^ svarmod (-et), melancholy. svarmodslut|a (-an, -or), lute of melancholy. svart, difficult, hard. svartillganglig, difficult of ac- cess, inaccessible. svaija (svaljde or svalde, svalt), to swallow; to* gulp down. svall |a (-de, -t), to swell, ex- pand. svalt (-en), starvation, hun- ger, famine. sval|ta (-te, -t; svalt, svultit), to starve, famish. svang|a (-de, -t), to swing, re- volve; svanga sig, to bustle around; to flaunt oneself. svard (-et, — ), sword. svarja, svara (svor, svurit), to swear, curse; to take oath. svarm|a (-ade, -at), to play, swarm; to muse, dream; to give free reins to one's fancy. svarmare (-n, — ), visionary, fanatic, dreamer. svarmlsk, romantic, dreamy, fanciful, extravagant, vi- sionary, fanatical, whim- sical. svav|a (-ade, -at), to hover, soar, float, flit, flutter, VOCABULARY 189 hang; to glide; to fluctu- ate, waver. sydlig, southern, southerly. syft|a (-ade, -at), to aim at; to aspire to; to strive for; to have reference to. symaskin (-en, -er), sewing machine. sympati (-en, -er), sympathy. syn (-en, -er), sight, view, ap- parition ; vision, eyesight. syn|a (-ade, -at), to examine, view; to search for. syn|as (-tes, -ts), to be visi- ble, seen; to come into view, appear; to seem. synd (-en, -er), sin, offence, trespass, iniquity, evil. syndig, sinful. synnerligen, particularly, ver- y, notably, highly, peculi- arly. syskon, brothers and sisters. syskonring (-en, -ar), circle of brothers and sisters, family circle. syssl|a (-an, -or), office, posi- tion; task, duty, work, charge, business; house work, chores; syssl|a (-ade, -at), to be busy, occupied, absorbed ; to be at work. syst|er (-ern, -rar), sister. si, so, thus; then; sa...som, as well. . .as. si (-dde, -tt), to sow, plant, scatter. sadan, such. salunda, thus. sang (-en, -er), song, lay, chant; poem. sangare (-n, — ), singer, poet, bard. sangardrag (-et, — ), mark of the singer, stamp of the poet. sangarjfader (-fadern, -fader). father of song, ancient singer, poet of a former period. sangargratie (-en, -er), Muse. sangargud (-en, -ar), god of song. sangarkung (-en, -ar), king of singers, poets; bard su- preme; chief poet. sangarrad (-en, -er), array of singers. sangarskol|a (-an, -or), litera- ry school. sangartemp|el (-let, — ), hall of song. sangartid (-en, -er), epoch of song, literary period. sangarund|er (-ret, — ), won- ders of song. sanggudinn|a (-an, -or). Muse. sangmo (-n, -r), Muse. sar (-et, — ), sore, wound, 4)ain, injury. sar|a (-ade, -at), to wound; to inflict pain; to aggrlfeve, injure, hurt. sasom, as, like, thus, for in- stance. saval, as well, both, saval. . . som, as well... as, both... and. sack (-en, -ar), sack, bag. sad (-en), seed, grain. saga (sade, sagt), to say, speak; to pronounce. sag|en (-nen, -ner), legend, tale, fairy tale. saker, safe, sure, secure, cer- tain. sakerligen, surely, undoubted- ly, indeed. sakert, securely; certainly, indeed. saija (salde, salt), to sell; to barter. sail, happy, blessed. saltan, seldom, rarely. 190 SVENSK DIKTNING sallhet (-en), happiness, joy, bliss, felicity. sallskap (-et, — ), fellowsbip, companionship, company; society. sallskapsdam (-en, -er), lady companion. sallskapsliv (-et), s6cial life, society. sallskapstvang (-et), conven- tionality. sallspord, rare, exceptional, unusual, signal, uncommon, extraordinary. sailsynt, rare, uncommon, ex- ceptional, unusual. samre, worse. sanjda (-de, -t), to send. sandebud (-et, — ), messen- ger. sang (-en, -ar), bed; till sangs, abed, in bed, to bed; ga till sangs, to go to bed, retire. sank|a (-te, -t), to lower; to sink; to steep; to subdue, soften, silence (a voice, sound). sarskild, particular, special, distinct; sarskilt, especial- ly. sarskil|ja (-de, -t), to distin- guish. satt (-et, — ), manner, wis?e; habit. satta (satte, satt), to set, put, place; satta ord till, fur- nish text for. sav (-en), reed, rush, sedge. savligt, leisurely, slowly, lazi- ly. soder, south, southward; pS SSder, on the south side in Stockholm; mot soder, to or toward the south, south- ward; sodern, the South. sok|a (-te, -t), to seek, reach; to try, attempt, endeavor; sokt, sought for. sbkand|e (-et), searching, re- search, investigation. sol|a (-ade, -at), to delay; to fall behind. som (-men, -mar), seam. somn (-en), sleep; till somns, to sleep; i somn, asleep. siimnigt, sleepily. somnsjuk, drowsy, lethargic. sonder, asunder, to pieces; broken. siinderbrusten, riven, torn. sonderbruten, broken, shat- tered. sondersprungen, broken, shat- tered, sundered. sorjja (-de, -t), to mourn, sor- row, grieve; to bemoan; sorja for, to care for; to take trouble or pains for; to have charge of. sot, sweet; sova sott, to sleep peacefully. sov|a (-de, -t), to lull to rest, put to sleep; to silence. tack (-et or -en), thanks, grat- itude. tack|a (-an, -or), sheep (fe- male) ; ewe. tacksam, thankful, grateful. tadelpil (-en, -ar), arrow or shaft of blame, censure; caviling, faultfinding. tag (-et, — ), hold, grasp. taga (tog, tagit), to take; to assume; to earn, acquire; to pass (in a test) ; taga graden, to be promoted; taga livet av sig, to taJie one's own life, to commit suicide; taga i ansprak, to occupy; to claim, demand, lay claim to. VOCABULABY 191 tagg (-en, -ar), thorn, spine. tak (-et, — ), roof; ceiling. taklist (-en, -er), eaves. takt (-en, -er), beat; sla takt, beat time; sl3 i takt med, beat or throb in unison with, in sympathy with. tal (-et, — ), number; -talet, as attiotalet, 1840-talet, the eighties, the forties of the last century. tal (-et, — ), speech, address; conversation. talangfull, talented, accom- plished. talarstol (-en, -ar), platform. tale|man (-mannen, -man), spokesman. talgljus (-et, — ), tallow can- dle. Talia, Thalia, Muse of come- dy and bucolic poetry. Talis QuaJis, pen name of K. V. A. Strandberg. tall (-en, -ar), pine. tal'lrik (-en, -ar), plate. talmansbord (-et, — ), speak- er's desk, chairman's table. tamburin (-en, -er), tambou- rine. tand (-en, tander), tooth; tandren, archaic def. pi. for tanderna. tank|e (-en, -ar), thought, idea; reflection, mind, con- ception, notion ; reason ; meditation. tankefrihet (-en), freedom of thought. tankeinnehall (-et), content, thought content. tankeklarhet (-en), clearness of thought, clear thinking. tankerik, full of thought, preg- nant, profound. tankespel (-et, — ), play of fancy, reveries, contempla- tions. tankfull, thoughtful, pensive. tapper, brave, valiant, heroic, courageous. tarv|a (-ade, -at), to need; det tarvas, It behooves, there is need of. tass (-en, -ar), paw. tavl|a (-an, -or), picture, view, prospect; tablet. te (-dde, -tt), to appear; to manifest, disclose. teck|en (-net, — ), sign, sym- bol, mark, token. teckn|a (-ade, -at), to sketch, write; to give a sign; teck- nai upp (uppteckna), to note, jot down, record. teckning (-en, -ar), figure, im- age, picture, drawing. teknisk, technical. Temistokles, Themistocles, Athenian general and statesman. tertip|el (-let, — ), temple, fane, shrine. tempelkull|e (-en, -ar), tem- pled hill. tempelsmyckad, adorned with or surrounded by temples. tenor (-en, -er), tenor. terrin (-en, -er), terrlne, tu- reen. t. ex. (till exempel), for ex- ample, for instance. text (-en, -er), text. text|a (-ade, -at), to write text-hand, to engross. then, old Sw. for den, the. tid (-en, -er), time, period, timesi, age, era. tidevarv (-et, — ), age, epoch, period. tidig, early. tidlgt, early. tidning (-en, -ar), newspaper, journal, periodical. tidsfordriv (-et, — ), pastime, pleasure, recreation. 192 SVENSK DIKTNINS tidskrift (-en, -er), periodical; journal; magazine. tidsodande, wasteful, time- killing. tidtals, at times, at intervals. tiga (teg, tegat), tcC be silent; to keep quiet; to keep one's peace; to stop speaking; tiga stiMa, to keep quiet; to maintain silence. tiggare (-n, — ), beggar, men- dicant. tiljia (-an, -or), board. till, to, into, of, for, unton as to, toward; till dess, until; till och med, even; to and including. tillbaka, back, backward. tillbakadragenhet (-en), re- tirement. till{be, till|bedja (-bad, bett, -bedit), to adore, worship. tilldragelse {-n-, -r), episode, event, occasion. til If reds, satisfied. tillfredsstall|a (-de, -t), to sat- isfy. tillfredsstallande, adequate, satisfactory. tillfyllest, fully, adequately, siufficiently, enough. tillfalle (-t, -n), opportunity, chance, occasion, event. tillfallig, temporary, acciden- tal. tlllforsikt (-en), assurance, confidence. tlil|ga (-gick, -gatt), to tran- spire, happen. tillhopa, together. tillhorla (-de. -t), hora till, to belong to; to be part of or member of; to appertain to. tillit (-en), confidence, trust, assurance. tilikamp{a (-ade, -at) sig, to acquire, earn; to fight or strive for. tillreds, prepared, ready. tillracklig, sufficient, ample. tills, until. tillsamman(s), together. tillsats (-en, -er), admixture, addition, ingredient. tillslutning (-en), participa- tion, attendance. tilltalande, appealing, attrac- tive, sympathetic. tilltra|da (-dde, -tt), to enter upon; to accept, assume. tiljiagga (-lade, -lagt), to add, subjoin. timm|a or -e (-an, -en, -ar), hour. ting, (-et, — ), thing, object; tingen, creation. ting, thing, court; Svea ting, the national thing or as- sembly of the Svea realm. tinnje (-en, -ar), pinnacle. tinning (-en, -ar), temple, forehead. tio, ten. tionde (-t, -n), tithe, tenth. tiotal (-et), decade. Tiresias; a seer of ancient Thebes, struck blind by the goddess Athena. tist|el (-ein, -lar), thistle. tit|el (-eIn, -lar), title, cap- tion, heading. titt|a (-ade, -at), to peer, look, pry, leer. tjock, thick, dense. tjugo, tjugu, twenty; some- times tjuge. tjugoett, twenty-one. tjugonde, twentieth. tjugoarig, twenty years old. tjugosexarig, twenty-six years old; at the age of twenty- six. tjus|a (-ade, -at; -te, -t), to charm, enchant, enrapture, captivate, delight. tjuv (-en, -ar), thief. VOCABULARY 193 tjall (-et, — ), dwelling, hut, cot. tjan|a (-ade, -at; -te, -t), to serve; to work out (as a servant) . tjanare (-n, — ), servant. tjanlig, serviceable, useful, fitting. tjanst (-en, -er), service, tjanste|man (-manneR, -man), ofEicial. tjanst|gora (-gjorde, -gjort), ta serve; to hold office. tjarn (-en, -ar), tarn, wood- land pool. toft (-en, er), thwart. tok (-en, -ar), fool, dolt, idiot, dunce. tolk (-en, -ar), interpreter. tolkja (-ade, -at), to interpret, render, translate; to ex- plain. tolv, twelve. torn, empty, vacant. tomhet (-en), emptiness, void, vacancy. tomt|e (-en, -ar), brownie. tomtegubbje (-en, -ar), brown- ie. ton (-en, -er), . tone, note, sound, tune; song; taste, style, trend; god ton, good taste, propriety. ton|a (-ade, -at), to sound. tonkonst (-en), musical com- position, art of music. tonvarld (-en, -ar), world of tone, music. topp (-en, -ar), top, crown (of a tree) ; summit. torde (tor), might. torftig, frugal, simple, plain; needy, indigent, scanty; i torftiga omstandigheter, in narrow circumstances ; in need. torg (-et, — ), market square, public square. Svensk dihtning. 13. tork|a (-ade, -at), to dry; to wipe. torn (-et, — ), tower, steeple. torr, dry. trakt (-en, -er), region, locali- ty, place, neighborhood. trail (-en, -ar), simple tune, ditty, refrain, falderal. tramp (-et), tramping, stajnp- ing (as of horses). trampja (-ade, -at), to tread, trample. tran|a (-an, -or), crane. trapp|a (-an, -or), stair, stair- way, doorsteps. trasig, ragged. trast (-en, -ar), thrush. travje (-en, -ar), heap, pile; stack, shock. tre, three. trefalt, threefold, thrice. trettio (tretti), thirty. tretton, thirteen. tripp|a (-ade, -at), to trip; to move lightly about. triv|as (-des, -ts), to thrive, be comfortable ; to fare well. tro (-n), trust, faith, belief, conviction. tro (-dde, -tt), to believe, trust, fancy, imagine, think. trofast, faithful, constant. troglen (-et, -na), faithful; troget, faithfully, constant- ly; trogna, believers. trohet (-en), fajithfulness, constancy, fidelity, loyalty. troll (-et, — ), trull, hag, goblin, ogre. trollstav (-en, -ar), magic rod. trolov|a (-ade, -at), to plight troth; to engage oneself or became engaged; to af- fiance. trolovnlngstld (-en, -er), time of plighting troth; period of betrothal. 194 SVENSK DIKTNING trolos, faithless, treacherous. tron (-en, -er), throne. tropp, trupp (-en, -ar, -er), troop. trots, despite, in spite of. trugning (-en, -ar), urging, in- sistent offer. trumm|a (-an, -or), drum. trummare (-n, — ), drummer. trumpen, surly, moody, sullen, disconsolate. tryck|a (-te, -t), to press; im- press, imprint; print. tryckande, oppressive, heavy, pressing. tryckfrihetsStal (-et, — ), in- dictment under the press law; action for libel. trygg, safe, secure; tranquil, cool. trygg|a (-ade, -at), to secure; to make safe; tryggad, comfortable. tryta (trot, trutit), to fall short; to be lacking; to want tra (-dde, -tt), to yearn; trSs, to be coveted; commonly, dtrS, dtras. tran|a (-ade, -at), to yearn. trSnad (-en), longing, yearn- ing. trSng, narrow, strait, limited; cramped, crowded; small. tringmSI (-et, — ), distress, straits, dire necessity. trSnsjuk, pensive, languid, melancholy. trad (-et, — or tran), tree. tra|da (-dde, -tt), to step, tread, walk, go, pass; tra- da fram, to step forth, to advanpe. tralda (-dde, -tt), to thread. tradgird (-en, -ar), garden, orchard. traff|a (-ade, -at), to strike; to hit upon; to find by' chance; to meet; to befall. traffande, striking. tragen, diligent, intense; ab- sorbing; steady. tral (-en, -ar), slave, thrall. traldom (-en), slavery, servi- tude. traldomsok (-et, — ), yoke of servitude. trang|a (-de, -t), to force, press, push; tranga genom, to penetrate. trang|as (-des, -ts), to crowd; to jostle one another. trangtja (-ade, -at), to yearn, long; to seek anxiously. trangtan, yearning, aspira- tion, fervid longing. trog, slow, tardy, dull, heavy, backward, listless; slug- gish, lax, slack, lazy. trogvaxt, of slow growth. trosk|el (-ein, -lar), threshold. trost|a (-ade, -at), to comfort, console. trostersk|a (-an, -or), com- forter. trostlig, comforting. trott, tried, weary, exhausted, trbttja (-ade, -at), to weary; to make tired. trottande, tiring, tiresome, wearisome. tu, two; i tu or itu, in two, asunder. tukt (-en), discipline. tuktan, punishment, chastise- ment. tumlla (-ade, -at), to tumble, gambol, play, frolic, frisk; to fall; tumia sig, to roll around. tumm|a (-ade, -at), to thumb, finger, handle. tung, heavy, irksome, arduous, laborious ; cjumibersome, unwieldy, uncouth; severe. VOCABULABT 195 tung|a (-an, -or), tongue, speech, language. tungomSI (-et, — ), speech, tongue, language. tungsint, melancholy, gloomy. tungt, heavily, deeply, pro- foundly. tupp (-en, -ar), cockerel, rooster. turturduvja (-an, -or), turtle- dove. turturfjadler (-ern, -rar), feath- er of the turtledove. tusen, tusen|de (-det, — or -den), thousand. tusenskonja (-an, -or), daisy (bellis perennls) ; English daisy; also tusenskon. tusental (-et, — ), thousand; tusentals (manniskor), thou- ' sands. tusenarig, a thousand years old, millennial. tuv|a (-an, -or), turf, sod, little knoll. tvekan, hesitation; doubt, misgiving. tvenne, two, twain. tvin|a (-ade, -at), to fade, pale, wither; to grow wan. tvungen, compelled, forced. tva, two. tvk (tvSdde, tvagit or tvatt), to wash, cleanse. tvang (-et), restraint, check, trammel, stress, compul- sion, coercion, constraint, pressure. tvatt|a (-ade, -at), to wash, lave; to cleanse. ty, for, therefore. tyck|a ("te, -t), to think, to opine; to argue; to say, as tyckte de, said they. tyckas (tycktes, tyckts), to seem, appear. tydlig, plain, evident, mani- fest, clear. tyg|el (-ein, -lar), rein, check, bridle, curb. tygl|a (-ade, -at), to bridle, curb; to control, direct. tympanon, tympanum, . tym- panon, ancient G-reek ket- tledrum. tyn|a (-ade, -at), to wane; to go out (as a light). typ (-en, -er), type, exemplar. tyrteisk, Tyrtaean, in the manner of Tyrtaeus, a martial and patriotic poet of Sparta. tyska (-n), German, the German language. Tyskland, Germany. tyst, quiet, silent, unobtru- sive; i det tysta, in obscu- rity, in private. tysthet (-en), silence, quie- tude. tystnja (-ade, -at), to grow silent; to be silenced, be- came mute. tystnad (-en), silence. tyvarr, unfortunately, alas. ta (-n, -r), toe; pa ik, on tip- toe. tal|a (-de, -t), to brook; to endure, tolerate, suffer, bear, stand; to put up with. talamod (-et), patience. tar (-en, -ar), tear. tarad, tearful. tart|a (-an, -or), cake, tart. tack, pretty, handsome, fair, sweet. tack|as (-tes, -ts), to deign, condescend. tackhet (-en), charm, sweet- ness, prettiness, daintiness, beauty. taljja (-de, -t, talde, talt), to tell, recount; to count. taljja (-de, -t), to cut, whittle. talt (-et, — ), tent, shelter. 196 SVBNSK DIKTNING tanjda (-de, -t), to kindle, light, ignite; to inflame. tank|a (-te, -t), to think; to suppose, imagine, fancy. tankare (-n, — ), thinker; philosopher. tar|a (-de, -t), to consume; to prey on; to corrode. tarn|a (-an, -or), maiden, lass, lassie, maid. tarningskast (-et, — ), throw «£ dice, cast of the die. tat, frequent, repeated; close, dense, thick. tatt, closely. tavling (-en, -ar), competi- tion; contest, rivalry. tock|en (-net, — ), haze, mist. tocknig, hazy, dim, foggy. tSI|as (-ades, -ats), provincial for talas, to stand, tolerate, put up with, have patience with. tolpig, awkward, hoorish, churlish. torn (-men, -mar), rein. tbm|ma (-de, -t), to empty; . to pour (out or forth.; to drain, quaff. tor (torde), may, might; aux. V. with the force of per- haps, possibly, maybe. toras (tordes, torts), to dare; to venture. tonne (-t, -n), thorn, brier. tbrnros (-en, -or), rose, brier rose. torsit|a (-ade, -at), to thirst. torstig, thirsty. U. udd|e (-en, -ar), point, cape, headland, uddig, pointed, incisive, keen, sharp. Ulpik, Ulric. Ulrika, Ulrica. um|bara (-bar, -burit), to do without, dispense with. umgange (-t), associates, circle of friends. undangomd, secluded, hidden, sequestered, obscure; con- cealed. undantag (-et, — ), exception. undantagsvis, exceptionally, occasionally, sporadically, in rare instances. und]er (-ret, — ), wonder, miracle. under, under, beneath. uhderbar, marvelous, wonder- ful, miraculous. underdan-hjartligt, humbly, cordially. underdinig, humble, submis- sive. undergivenhet (-en), submis- sion, humility, resignation. underjord (-en), lower re- gions, abyss, inferno. underkuvad, conquered, sub- ject. underlig, peculiar. underrattelse (-n, -r), notice, information. underskon, exquisite, beauti- ful beyond conception. understundom (stundom), sometimes, now and then, occasionally. undersatje (-en, -ar), subject. undervisning (-en), intetruc- tion, tutoring. undervisningsfond (-en, -er), education fund. undr|a (-ade, -at), to wonder, marvel. ung, young; tender. ungdom (-en, -ar), youth. ungdomlig, youthful. ungdom-sbrunn (-en, -ar), well- spring of youth. VOCABTJLABY 197 ungdomsfrisk, youthful, exu- berant. ungdomsgladje (-n), joy of youth, youthful pleasure. ungdomshopp (-et), youthful hope, ambition. ungdomsvan (-nen, -ner), friends of one's youth, childhood friends. ungdomsalskade, sweetheart from youth. ung|e {-en, -ar), youngster, urchin; young (ones). ungefar, about, approximate- ly, thereabout, nearly. ungmo (-n, -r), maiden. universitet (-et, — ), univer- sity. universitetsstudijum (-et, -er), university study or course. unn|a (-ade, -at), to grant, al- low, concede. uns (-et, — ), ounce. upp (opp), up, upward. uppbloss|a (-ade, -at), to flare up; to break out (of fire). uppbrott (-et, — ), departure, decampment. uppburen, esteemed, honored, exalted. uppbad (-et, — ), call; spec, call to arms. uppe|halla (-holl, -hallit), to maintain, support; uppehal- la sig, to stay, remain. uppehalle (-t), support, liveli- hood, living. uppenbar|a (-ade, -at), to manifest, show. uppfattning (-en, -ar), concep- tion; understanding. uppfostran, education, bring- ing up, breeding, rearing. uppfriskja (-ade, -at), to re- fresh, revivify, quicken, en- liven. uppfylld, filled. uppjgiva (-gav, -givit), to give up, surrender; to state; to allege. upphav|a (-de, -t), to annul, cancel, rescind. upphojja (-de, -t), to exalt, elevate, raise. upphorja (-de, -t), to close, stop, discontinue, quit, leave off. upplysningsfilosofi (-en), phi- losophy of the Era of Il- lumination. upplysningstid (-en). Era of Illumination. upplysningstidevarv (-et, — ), Bra of Illumination. upplosja (-te, -t), to dissolve, transform, change. uppmuntran, encouragement. uppmarksam, attentive, alert; cognizant; bliva uppmark- sam (-mad) pk, to have ^ne's attention called to; to take notice of; to be cognizant of. uppmarksamhet (-en), atten- tion, notice. uppna (-dde, -tt), to attain, reach, realize; to gain. upprep|a (-ade, -at), to repeat, recount, rarely, repa upp. uppratt, upright; staunch. uppsats (-en, -er), essay, ar- ticle. uppskattja (-ade, -at), to val- ue, appreciate. upp|skjuta (-skot, -skjutit), to postpone, defer, put off; to delay. uppsluppen, hilarious, good- natured, jolly. uppjsta (-stod, -statt), to rise, arise. uppsyn (-en), visage, facd, features^ upp|taiga (-tog, -tagit), to a- dopt, take up; to occupy; to absorb. 198 SVENSK DIKTNING upptecknja (-ade, -at), to make note of, jot down, re- cord. upptradja (-dde, -tt), to ap- pear; upptrada for, to stand up for; to champion; upp- trada emot, to oppose, com- bat. upptack|a (-te, -t), to discover, disclose. uppvakt|a (-ade, -at), to wait upon, pay one's respects; to regard. uppvackja (-te, -t), to awaken. uppvax|a (-te, -t), to grow up. uppa (pa), upon, in. uppat, up, Uipiward; up toi- ward. ur, from, out of. urbild (-en, -er), pattern, mod- el, original, archetype. upliv (-et), primitive life. urn|a (-an, -or), urn. ursprunglig, original. ursprungligen, originally, pri- marily. usel, wretched, poor, unfor- tunate, worthless, squalid, pitiful, miserable. ut, out; to the end. utan, without, destitute of; but. utarbet|a (-ade, -et), to work out, execute, perform; ut- arbetad, finished, accom- plished. utarbetande (-t), execution, working out. utarbetning (-en), execution, utav, of, from, off. utbild|a (-ade, -at), to de^ velop. utbrejda (-dde, -tt), to spread out, extend, utbrott (-et, — ), outburst. ut|bryta (-brot, -brutit), to break out, ensue. , utbrand, burnt out, consumed by fire. utdrag (-et, — ), extract, ex- cerpt, summary. ute, outside, without. ute|sluta (-slot, -slutit), to ex- clude, eliminate. ut|falla (-foil, -fallit), to re- sult. utforja (-de, -t), to accomplish, achieve, carry out, com- plete. utforande (-et), execution, performance. utgammal, superannuated. ut|glva (-gav, -givit), to pub- lish; to cause to be pub- lished. utglvare (-n, — ), publisher. utgang (-en), outcome, result. utgangen, issued. Utgird, the realm of giants in Norse mythology. ut|g'ora (-gjorde^ -gjort), to consist of, make up, a- niount to, constitute; utgo- ras av, to consist in. uti, in, within. ut|komma (-kom, -kommit), to be published, or issued; to come out. utkomst (-en), livelihood, sup- port. utiandet, foreign parts; i, till utiandet, abroad. utiandsk, foreign, outlandish. utmanande, challenging, pug- nacious. utmarkja (-te, -t) sig, to be characterized; to jbe dis- tinguished; to distinguish oneself; utmarka sig for, to be characterized by. utmarkande, distinctive, char- acteristic. utmarkelsje (-en, -er), distinc- tion, honors. VOCABULAKY 199 utnamn|a (-de, -t), to name, appoint. utnamning (-en, -ar), appoint- ment. utnot|a (-te, -t), to wear out utom, beside, besides, in ad- dition, except. utomordentlig, extraordinary, exceptional. utomordentiigt, extraordinari- ly, especially, exceptionally. utpraglad, pronounced, strik- ing, salient, marked, re- markable; decided, distinct. utrikesdepartement (-et), for- eign department. utrymd, vacated, empty. ut|se (-sag, -sett), to appoint, select, designate; to elect. utsikt (-en, -er), view, pros- pect. ut|satta (-satte, -satt), to ex- pose; to subject; to put, place. uttal|a (-ade, -at), to express, utter, pronounce. uttryck (-et, — ), expression, utterance, phrase, word. uttrycksmed|el (-let, — ), means or vehicle of expres- sion. uttrbttad, weary, tired. utur, of, out of, from. utvald, select, choice, deli- cious. utvandrja (-ade, -at), to em- igrate. utveckl|a (-ade, -at), to ex- plain; to evince, display; to develop. utveckling (-en), develop- ment. utvecklingsn[rojlighet(-en,-er), generally pi., possibilities; chance for development. utov|a (-ade, -at), to exert; to' exercise. utover, over, of, more than, above; across, athwart; beyond, uv (-en, -ar), great-owl, great horned owl. V. vacker, beautiful, pretty, at- tractive, handsome. vackl|a (-ade, -at), to totter, falter. vad, what, that which, what a. vadan, whence. vagg|a (-an, -or), cradle. vaggja (-ade, -at), to rock. vaggande, rocking, unsteady, fluctuating. vaggsang (-en, -er), cradle song, lullaby. vagn (-en, -ar), chariot, car, wagon, wain. vak|a (-ade, -at), to wake, stay ., awake; to hold vigil. vaken, awake, alert, wide-a- wake. vaknja (-ade, -at), to awake; to rise from sleep; to rouse oneself. vakt (-en, -er), guard, watch. vakt|a (-ade, -at), to guard, watch; to herd; vakta pa, to keep watch on, to have under observation. val (-et, — ), choice, election. valkig, callused, horny. vail (-en, -ar), grass land, pasture, fallow ground, grassy slope. Val land, ancient Norse name for northwestern France (Ekermann). vallande, wandering, saunter- ing. vaillarelat (-en, -ar), herds- man's song or tune; pas- toral. vallfart (-en), pilgrimage. vallfardsminne (-t, -n), recol- 200 SVENSK DIKTNING lection from travel, pilgrim memory. valv (-et, — ), vault. van|a (-an, -or), habit, usage, custom. vandr|a (-ade, -at), to wander, walk about.' vandrare (-n, — ), wanderer, traveler. vandring (-en, -an), wander- ing, walk, roaming. vandringslopp (-et, — ), path of life; life's journey, pil- igrimas©; span of life. vandringsar (-et, — ), years of wandering, roaming, travel. vank|a (-ade, -at), to saunter; to wander aimlessly, to waddle, go awkwardly. vankjas (-ades, -ats), to be offered; to be given; to be had, bestowed. vantro (-n), superstition. vanvett (-et), insanity, idiocy, madness, folly. ^ ' vanvettigjgora (-gjorde,-gjort), to make insane, to shatter the mind. vap|en (-net, — ), weapon, arms. vapendans (-en, -ar or -er), war dance. vapendan (-et, — ), din or clash of arms. vapenglad, warlike. vapengny (-et), clamor of warriors; din of arras. vapenskifte (-t, -n), clash of arms, battle. van (vara), pret, was; imper- ative, be. var, each, every; vars, whose, of which, whereof; var en, en var, var och en, each one, every one. var|a (-an, -or), goods, mer- chandise, wares. var|a (-ade, -at), to last, en- dure, remain. vara (var, varit), to be; vara till, to exist, live. varaktighet (-en), duration, durability, permanence. varannan, varann, e£ich other; every other one; alternate. varav, of which, from which, whereof. varda (vart), to become. vardagsbrod (-et), everyday fare, plain bread. varenda, every. varfor, why. varhelst, wherever. vari, wherein, in which, in what, where. varifran, whence, from where. varje, each, every. varm, warm, fervid. varmed, whereby, by which. vanning (-en, -ar), warning. vars, whose, of which. varsam, gentle, careful, con- siderate; wary. varslja (-ade, -at), to give a premonition; to foreshad- ow, predict. varsn|a (-ade, -at), to take no- tice of; to see, observe. vart, whither, where. varthelst, wherever, whither- soever. varthan, whither. vartiil, to which. vas (-en, -er), vase. vasall (-en, -er), vassal. vasa|son (-sonen, soner), son of Vasa, scion of the house of Vasa (Gustavus 1.). vattjen (-net, — ), water. vattendrag (-et, — ), water- course, stream. vattenhiss (-en, -ar), appli- ance for raising water, wa- ter lift. VOOABtJLAUy 201 vattn|a (-ade, -at), to water. ve, woe, pity; ve dig, woe un- to you; val och ve, weal and woe. veckotidskrift (-en, -er), week- ly journal, vek, weak, feeble, frail, ten- der, soft, faint; impotent; futile. vem, who, whom, vemod (-et), sadness, melan- choly, vemodsdrag (-et, — ), air, touch or sign of melanchol- y, mark or stamp of sad- ness. vemodsfull, somber, gloomy, melancholy. verk (-et, — ), work, achieve- ment. verkja (-ade, -at), to work, labor, operate; to achieve, accomplish. verklighet (-en, -er), reality. verklighetsskildring (-en., -ar), realisitic fiction, true-to^life writing. verklighetstrogen, true to reality, realistic, natural. vefklighetstrohet (-en),, real- ism, naturalness. verkning (-en, -ar), effect, re- sult. verksamhet (-en), labor, ac- tivity, work. verktyg (-et, — ), implement, tool, instrument. Verner, Werner. vers (-en, -er), verse, stanza, poetry. versmatt f-et, — ), meter, met- rical structure. verssprak (-et), language of poetry. veta (visste, vetat), to know; to know how (to) ; to be able; veta med sig, to be conscious of. vetenskap (-en, -er), science, knowledge, vetenskaplig, scientific. veteran (-en, -er), veteran, vetgirighet (-en), curiosity, thirst for knowledge. vett (-et), learning, erudition; sense, good sense; mind, in- tellect; wits; brain. vi, us. vi, why. vice, vice. vid, wide, broad, expansive; det vida, space, the open, vid, at, by, near, about, to, of. vida, widely, far, afar, vidd (-en, -er), area, territory, field. vidg|a (-ade, -at), to widen, extend. vidg|as (-ades, -ats), to wid- en; to be distended. yidstrackt, extensive, wide. vift|a (-ade, -at), to wave, flut- ter; to wag. vig|a (-de, -t), to dedicate, consecrate. vigd, sacred, consecrated, vigg, vigg|e (-en, -ar), thun- derbolt; levin; wedge. vik (-en, -ar), bay. Inlet, vika (vek, vikit), to yield, give way; to be defeated; to disappear, viking (-en, -ar), viking, vikingafard (-en, er), viking expedition; voyage of vik- ings. vikingaseg|el (-let, — ), viking sail, ship. vikingavanskap (-en), viking friendship. viktig, weighty, important. Viktor, Victor, Victor. Vila (-an), rest. vil|a (-ade, -at), to rest, re- pose; Vila ut, to rest thoroughly or continuously. 202 SVBNSK DIKTNING vild, wild, uncultivated, rank. vildmark (-en, -er), wilder- ness. vildmarksvis|a (-an, -or), bal- lad of the wilderness. vildskon, of wild beauty. Vilhelm, William. vilj|a (-an, -or), will, will pow- er. vilja (ville, velat), to will, de- sire ; to strive for, be devot- ed to. vilk|en (-et, -a), wbo, which, what. vill (vilja), will, want. vill, giddy, wild, excited. villja (-an), illusion, confu- sion; vagueness (as. kval- lens villa, the vague twi- light). villande, bewildering, confus- ing. vilse, astray. vilsejga (-gick, -gatt), to go a- stray. vilsen, bewildered, confused. viml|a (-ade, -at), to reel, to grope about, to wander; to Bwarm. vim|mel (-let), throng; stir, crowding, tumult. vin (-et, -er), wine. Vina (ven, vinit), to whiz, whistle, whine. vind (-en, -ar), wind, breeze; air. vind (-en, -ar), attic. vindspel (-et, — ), windlass, hoisting machine. Vindsvale, father of winter; (Icel., vindsvair, chilly wind). vingle (-en, -ar), wing. ving{skjuta (-skot, skjutit), to wing; to wound in the wing. vingsnabb, vingesnabb, fleet, swift on the wing. vingud (-en), god of wine. vink|a (-ade, -at), to beckon, signal; to give a sign; to wave. vinlovskrans (-en, -ar), wreath of the grapevine. vinna (vann, vunnit), to win, gain; to receive, acquire; to achieve (success) ; to be victorious ; to triumph. vinst (-en, -er), gain, profit, prize, winnings, earnings. vint|er (-ern, -rar), winter. vinterhalsning (-en, -ar), win- ter greeting. vinterkvall (-en, -ar), winter evening. vinterlynne (-t, -n), wintry mood. vintersolstand (-et, — ), the winter solstice. vinterstamning (-en, -ar), wintry mood. vintertarn|a (-an, -or), winter maiden. vinterur, wintry storm. viol (-en, -er), violet. vip|a (-an, -or), lapwing. vlr|a (-ade, -at), to twine. virk|a (-ade, -at), to crochet; to make a netted fabric. virtuositet (-en), virtuosity, mastery. virvl|a (-ade, -at), to whirl, circle. vis, wise, learned, sage; sub- stantively, wise man, sa- vant, philosopher. vis, way, mode, wise, manner. vis|a (-an, -or), ditty, ballad,, song. vis|a (-ade, -at; -te, -t), to- show, display; to prove; to to present, manifest, ex- hibit. visdiktare (-n, — ), ballad writer. VOCABULAEY 203 visdom (-en), wisdom, learn- ing, knowledge. visdomsdjup (-et, — ), depth of wisdom. vishet (-en), wisdom, learn- ing. visk|a (-ade, -at), to wliis.per. vislig, prudent, wise, sensi- ble. viss, certain, positive. vissnja (-ade, -at), to wither, fadie, wilt. visst, surely, apparently, evi- dently, certainly, indeed, of course; I believe; undoubt- edly. vist|as (-ades, -ats), to live, sojourn, stay. vistelse (-n), stay, sojourn. visthus (-et, — ), storehouse, larder. vitblommja (-an, -or), white flower. vitn|a (-ade, -at), to turn white; to whiten. vitt, white. vitter, literary, learned, scholarly. vitterhet (-en), literature, belles lettres. vitterhetsakademi (-en, -er), academy of belles lettres, literary academy. vitterhetsidkare (-n, — ), au- thor, writer, man of letters. yittjja (-ade, -at), to examine and empty (a fishnet) ; to run or haul in (a net or line) . vittr|a (-ade, -at), to erode,, molder. viv (-et, — ), wife. Vodan, Wotan. von, of. vorden (varda) beicome; changed, transformed, made (into). vred, angry, wroth, irate, furi- ous, mad. vrede (-n), wrath, anger, fury, madness. vredgad, angry, wroth. vrida (vred, vpidit), to wrench; to twist, turn, wring. vi-a (-n, -r), nook, corner, re- treat. vrakja (-te or vrok, -t), to hurl, cast, throw; to rush. vurmeri (-et, -er), craze, ma- nia, hobby, fancy. vyssja (-ade, -at), to lull. vad|a (-an, -or), danger, peril, risk, accident. vig (-en, -or), wave, billow; waters. vag|a (-ade, -at), to dare, ven- ture; to risk. vald (-et), power, might • force, tyranny. vdldsam, violent, sudden. valnad (-en, -er), spirit, ghost," spook, wraith. vand|as (-ades, -ats), to suffer, writhe, agonize; to be in pain. vap (-en, -ar), spring, spring- time. var, our, ours. vard (-en, -ar), mark, sign, emblem, symbol. vard (-en), care. vard|a (-ade, -at), to keep, preserve, have in charge; to take care of. vSrdad, careful, thorough. vardanstalt (-en, -er), sana- torium, asylum, hospital. vardslos, careless, heedless, negligent, slovenly. varflodsveckia (-an, -or), week of spring floods. varlig, springlike, pertaining to spring, vernal. 204 SVENSK DIKTNING varjnatt (-natten, -natter), spring night. varskri (-et, — ), vernal call. vSrstorm (-en, -ar), spring storm. varvind (-en, -ar), spring wind, vernal breeze. varvis|a (-an, -or), spring song. varvit, white with spring blos- soms. vatkall, damp and chilly. vackja (-te, -t), to awaken, rouse, inspire; to cause; to wake. vad|er (-ret, — ), weather, wind; vadren, the winds. vaderbubbl|a (-an, -or), bub- ble. vaderlek (-en), weather. vag (-en, -ar), way, road, course. vag|a (-de, -t), to weigh, bal- ance. •vagg (-en, -ar), wall, parti- tion; uppat vaggarna, utter- ly nonsensical, absurd, preposterous, out of all rea- son; extremely. vakt (-en, -er), watch. vaktare (-n, — ), watchman, guardsman. val, welfare, weal; val den, blessed be he, happy he; val och ve, weal and woe. val,- of course, indeed, true; well ; carefully ; doubtless, forsooth; then. valbehag (-et), pleasure, en- joyment, delight. vald, favor, partiality, bias. valdig, mighty; grand, great. valfagnad (-en), entertain- ment. valgang (-en), welfare, weal; health. vaija (valde, valt), to choose, elect, select. valkonrim|a (-an, -or), wel- come. vallja (-de, -t), to well, flow, pour, rise. valljud (-et, — ), sweet sound, harmony, melodiousness. valiukt (-en, -er), fragrance, scent. valiust (-en), rapture, pleas- ure, enjoyment, voluptu- ousness. valiard, scholarly, erudite, well versed. valsignad, blessed, blissful. valtalare (-n, — ), orator; andllg valtalare, pulpit ora- tor. valtalig, eloquent, grandilo- quent. valv|a (-de, -t), to roll, heave, tumble (of waves); to cir- cle; to bulge up or out. van, fair, bonny, dainty. van (-nen, -ner), friend, a- quaintance, associate; dar- ling, dear one. van|da (-de, -t), to turn, re- volve, swing, rotate; to turn over, reverse; vanda ater (atervanda), to return, turn back, come again. vanlig, friendly, cordial, kind. vanskap (-en), friendship. vantja (-ade, -at), to await, to expect, to look for; vanta sig, to expect, hope for. vantanstld (-en, -er), time of waiting, expectancy, vantansir (-en, — ), year of waiting, vard, worth, worthy of. varde (-t, -n), value, worth, meaning, import, varderad, esteemed, valued, appreciated, vardig, worthy. vardinnja (-an, -or), hostess. VOCABULARY 205 varjla (-de, -t), to defend, pro- tect, guard, varld (-en, -ar), world, uni- verse; humanity; realm. varldsfbrakt (-et), contempt of the world, pessimism. varldslitteratur (-en), world literature. vaddssmarta (-n), sentimen- tal pessimism, Weltschmerz. varldsaskadning (-en, -ar), views, view of life, tenets. varma (-n), heat, ardor, varmth. varm'la (-de, -t), to warm. varme (-n or -t), warmth, heat. varn (-et, — ), protection, de- fense. varn{a (-ade, -at), to defend, protect, guard. varre, worse; dess varre (ty- varp), unfortunately, all the worse. varv (-et, — ), duty, vocation, occupation, commission. varv|a (-de, -t), to earn, ac- quire, establish; poet, for forvarva. vasen (-det, — ), being, es- sence. vass|a (-te, -t), to sharpen, point. vast (-en, -ar), vest. vastanflakt (-en, -ar), west wind, zephyr. vastanvind (-en, -ar), zephyr, west wind. vaster (-n), west. vastlig, western, westerly. vatt, moistened. vav (-en, -ar), woof, web; weaving. vav'a (-de, -t), to weave. vavd, woven. vax|a (-te, -t), to grow, spring. vaxlla (-ade, -at), to change; to alternate, shift, yary. vaxt (-en, -er), form, figure; plant, growth. vord|a (-ade, -at), to respect, honor. vordnad (-en), reverence, re- spect, adoration. vordsamligen, respectfully. ymnig, copious, abundant, brimming, brimful. yngling (-en, -ar), youth, young man. ynglingadad (-et, — ), youth- ful deed or achievement. yngst, youngest. ypp|a (-ade, -at), to discover, disclose, betray; yppas, to appear; yppa sig, to mani- fest itself. ypperlig, excellent, superior, of high standing, grade, * quality or character. ypperst, foremost, most ex- cellent, highest, most exalt- ed. yppig, luxuriant, full, swell- ing, abundant, rich, sump- tuous. yr, giddy, wild, mad, dizzy. yra (-n), excitement, stir, bustle; fury. yrja (-de, -t; sometimes -ade, -at), to drift; to rage. yrsel (-n), giddiness, dizzi- ness, feverish excitement or pleasure. Obsolete form, yrsia (-n). yster, lively, wild, frisky. yt]a (-an, -or), surface, exte- rior. ytterligare, further, further- more. yttr'a (-ade, -at), to utter, ex- press; to speak, voice; ytt- ra sig, as above, also, to manifest. 206 SVEJfSK DIKTNING yttrande (-t, -n), expression, utterance, phrase, yttre, outer, exterior, pliysi- cal. Zevs, Zeus, chief of the O- lympian gods. Zion (Sion), Zion. a, on. ad|er (-ern, -ror), adrja (-an, -or), vein. adraga (Sdrog, adragit), to render, bring on. ah6rareskar|a (-an, -or), audi- ence, assemblage. akallan, invocation. aldjer (-em, -rar), age; era, period; ...ars alder, age of . . . (years). alderdom (-en), old age, old- en times, antiquity, the past. aldrad, aged. aldr|as (-ades, -ats), to grow old; to wane, decline; to age. aldrig, ancient, old, hoary. aliggande (-t, -n), duty, obli- gation. ang|a (-an, -or), exhalation, scent, odor, fragrance; steam, vapor. Snger (-n), remorse, regret angerfri, carefree, without re- gret. angest (en), anguish, anxiety, despair. Sngmaskin (-en, -er), steam engine. ar, (-et, — ), year; (with nu- meral) age of. arsheig (-en), annual holiday or festival. arstid (-en, -er), season. 3s (-en, -ar), ridge. asikt (-en, -er), view, opinion, notion, mind, idea. Sskja (-an, -or), thunder. askadning (-en, -ar), view, o- pinion, tenet, views. asyn (-en), sight, view, pres- ence. at, to, for, toward, in the di- rection of. ater, again, anew, back, on the other hand. aterbruten, reflected. aterflytt|a (-ade, -at), to move back, return. ater{komma (-kom, -kommit), to return, come again; to revert. aterjse (-sag, -sett), to see again; to meet again. Iterstatlja (-de, -t), to restore. atersvarja (-ade, -at), to re- echo, answer; to give hack a sound. ateptand|a (-de, -t), to re- kindle. Sterupp|taga (-tog, -tagit), to resume. ateruppjtagas (-togs, -tagits), to be restored, returned, re- accepted, taken back. atervan|da (-de, -t), to return, come back; to recur. itminstone, at least, at any rate, leastwise. atskillig, sundry, several, va- rious, divers. Stta, eight. attio, (attatio, 4tti), eighty. 'A. adel, noble, pure, refined, adelsten (-en, -ar), precious stone, jewel, adelt, nobly. Sgia (-de, -t), to own, have, possess; aga rum, to take place. VOCABULARY 207 agare (-n, — ), owner, pro- prietor. agn|a (-ade, -at), to devote. akta, genuine, true, .sterling, authentic, original. aktenskap (-et, — ), marriage, wedlock, married life; inga aktenskap, to- enter wed- lock, to be married. aktsvensk, genuinely Swe- dish. aldre, older, elder. alsk|a (-ade, -at), to love; to take delight in; to be fond of. alskad, beloved; hans ung- doms alskade, the beloved of his youth. alsklig, lovely, lovable, ami- able, charming. alsklingsskald (-en, -er), fa- vorite poet. alskog (-en), love, affection. alskogskrank, lovelorn, love- sick. alskvard, amiable, lovely, charming. alv (-en, -ar), river, stream. alv|a (-an, -or), fairy. alvadrottning (-en, -ar), queen of the elves, fairy queen. am bete (-t, -n), office, posi- tion. ambetsgoromal (-et, — ), offi- cial duties. annbetsutovning (-en), official duties. ambetsverk (-et, — ), depart- ment, executive or adminis- trative office. ambetsSliggande (-t, -n), of- ficial duties. amnja (-ade, -at), to intend. amnad, intended. amne (-t, -n), subject, topic. an (annu), yet, still, as yet; than; an sa, ever so; om an, even though; however. and|a, and|e (-an, -en, -ar), end, close, finish; taga (en) anda, to end. anda, all the way; anda tills until, up to, all along till (of time) . andja (-ade, -at), end; to cease, to put an end to. snde (anda), end. andlos, endless, unceasing, incessant. andr|a (-ade, -at), to alter, change. anda, yet, still, nevertheless. ang (-en, -ar), meadow. angd (-en, -er), domain, vicin- ity, bourne. angjel (-ein, -lar), angel. anglalhand (-handen, -hander), angel's hand. angslan, anxiety; angslans- dok, veil of sorrow. antligen (antllgt, antllg), fi- nally, at last, at length. anne (-t), forehead, temples. annu, still, yet. appelblomm|a (-an, -or), apple blossom. ar (vara), am, art, is. ara (-n), honor, glory, dis- tinction; hilla i ara, to hold in high esteem; to honor, appreciate. arbar, honest, virtuous, prop- er, modest. arekrans (-en, -ar), wreath of honor. aremiinne (-t, -n), memorial isketch or address. arende (-t, -n), errand; busi- ness; service; duty. arestod (-en, -er), monument, memorial statue. arftlig, hereditary. arkeblskop (-en, -ar), arch- bishop. arlig, honest, upright, true, sincere. 208 SVENSK DIKTNIN6 arm (-en, -ar), sleeve. arones, archaic for arans; arones konung, the King of glory. arv|a (-de, -t), to inherit. askja (-ade, -at), to ask, de- mand, request. astetik (-en), esthetics. att (-en, -er), lineage, tribe, family; descendants. attehog (-en, -ar), burial mound, barrow. aven, even, also. aventyr (-et, — ), adventure. avian, struggle, strife; effort. Q. o (-n, -ar), island; Lycksalig- hetens 6, The Isle of Bliss. ode (-t, -n), fate, destiny. ode, barren, bleak, deserted. odmjuk, humble, lowly, pro- found. odmjukja (-ade, -at), to hum- ble; to humble oneself. odslig, desolate, waste, og|a (-at, -on), eye. ogonblick (-et, — ), instant, moment, twinkling of an eye. bgonfrSjd (-en, -er), pleasure to the eye, enjoyment. ogonlock (-en, — ), eyelid. bk|en, (-nen, -nar), desert, waste, wilderness. okengrav (-en, -ar), desert grave. SI (-et), ale, beer, small beer. bm, tender, fond, loving, af- fectionate, sensitive. bmhet (-en), tenderness, af- fection, kindness, love, sen- sitiveness. bmk|a (-ade, -at), to pity; to take compassion on; to sympathize with. bmkan, pity, compassion. bmsom, by turns, ever and anon, back and forth, now and then; bmsom. . .bmsom, now. . .now bnsk|a (-ade, -at), to wish, de- sire; bnskad, wished for, longed for, desired. bnskan, wish, desire, hope, ex- pectation. bippenhj'artig, openhearted, frank. bppnja (-ade, -at), to open; jorden bppnar sig, the earth yawns. br|a (-at, -on), ear. brfll (-en, -ar), box on the ear; buffet. brn (-en, -ar), eagle. brt (-en, -er), herb, plant; flower, blossom. crtagSrd (-en, -ar), garden. os{a (-te, -t), to pour. bster (-n), east. Ssterland (-et). Orient. bsterlandsk, OrientaJ. OstervSg (-en, -or). East Sea. Baltic Sea. over, over, against, above, on (a subject), at, across. bverallt, everywhere, all over. bverbibllotekarie (-n, -p), head librarian. bver{bjuda (-bjbd, -bjudit), to surpass, exceed, outdo, ex- cel. overdrift (-en, -er), exaggera- tion. bverflbd (-et), plenty, excess, surplus; surfeit. bver|giva (-gav, -givit), to de- sert, leave, abandon. bvergrepp (-et, — ), undue In- terference, arbitrariness. bvergang (-en, -ar), transition, transfer, going over. bverherr|e (-en, -ar), overlord, superior. VOCABULABY 209 bverlev|a (-de, -t), to outlive; to survive. over|man (-mannen, -man), master, superior. overmattad, sated, surfeited. overrask|a (-ade, -at), to sur- prise; to take by surprise. oversinnlig, supersensuous, supernatural. cverskattja (-ade, -at), to over- estimate, exaggerate. overslug, overwise, too clever, affectedly wise. overspand, extravagant, exag- gerated, overdrawn, wild, quixotic. bver|vinna (-vann, -vunnit), to conquer, overcome; to mas- ter. overvSgla (-de, -t), to out- weigh; to preponderate; to exceed, excel, overbalance. SvensJc dilitning. 14. INDEX. PAGE OLOV VON DALIN 3 Vabvisa 5 Till bn fagel 6 Ur Hekdekvade 6 HEDVIG CHARLOTTA NORDENFLYCHT 9 Levnads-besltjt 11 NOJE I ENSLIGHET 11 OVER EN HYAOINT 12 JOHAN HENRIK KELLGREN 14 Ur MiNA l6 JEN 16 Ur Ljusets riENDEB 21 Den nya skapelsen ellek Inbillningens vaeld. ... 25 Ode till sallheten 29 ANNA MARIA LENNGREN 30 Den glada festen 32 Slottet och kojan 35 pojkaena 35 Geevinnans besok 37 JOHAN OLOV WALLIN 40 Ur DODENS ANGEL 41 PER DANIEL AMADEUS ATTERBOM 46 Ur sagospelet Lycksalighetens 6. 1. Tusenskonan. 2. KoE av tindarna 48 Snodroppen 49 Eolskabpan 49 ERIK GUSTAV GEIJER 51 ViKINGEN 53 Odalbonden 56 PA nyIrsdagen 1838 59 INDEX , 211 PACE ESAIAS TEGNfiR 60 Fltttfaglarna 62 Ur Spraken 63 Sang till solen 64 Karl XII 65 SIngen 66 Mjaltsjukan 68 ViD Svenska akademiens eemtiAra minneshogtid 70 ERIK JOHAN STAGNELIUS 76 Flyttpaglarne 78 Kreaturens suckan 79 Nacken 80 NOTES 81-102 VOCABULARY 103-209