F ([forncU Uniueroitg Siibrarg atlfata. New ^ark THE JAMES VERNER SCAIFE COLLECTION CIVIL WAR LITERATURE THE GIFT OF JAMES VERNER SCAIFE CLASS OF 1889 1919 E527.4 .599 *" ""'^'^''V ^'^ra^V "lifim il 111° iirit!il£; .,!i!f.!!nSX!van!a. reserve coi Qlin 3 1924 030 913 952 Cornell University Library The original of tliis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924030913952 PENNSYLVANIA RESERVE CORPS. '■^ti hy Jhlai, Satta^' //• aOVERUOTt OF THE G OMMONWIlAIiTH: OI' PEIIII'> HISTORY A COMPLETE EECOED OF THE OEGANIZATION i AND OF THB DIFFERENT COMPANIES, REQIMEJfnCS AJPm BJRIQA.J)ES CONTAINING DESCEIPTIONS OF EXPEDITIONS, MARCHES, SKIRMISHES AND BATTLES; TOGETHER WITH BIOGEAPHICAI. SKETCHES OF OFFICEES AND PERSONAL KECORDS OF EACH MAN DTJEING HIS TERM OP SERVICE. dDompikb from Official ^e^oits nnis ai\tx ^ocntnentg. By J. R. SYPHEE, Esq. LANCASTER, PA. : PUBLISHED BY ELIAS BARR & CO. 18 65. ro Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1864, by ~ J. R. STPHER, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court in and for the Eastern ■ District of Pennsylvania. TO His Excellency, Ho.v. ANDREW G. OURTIN, Governor of the Commonwealth op Pennsylvania, The earnest Patriot and the Friend op the Soldier, THIS RECORD OF DISTINGUISHED SERVICES, AND ROLL OF HONOR IS INSCRIBED BY THE AUTHOR. OOIvTTElSrTS. CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION. Threats of Southern leaders — Secret preparation for war — Treachery of Buchanan's Cabinet — Conduct of Floyd — Shipment of arms and ammunition to the Southern Statps— Seizure of Government property hy the rehels — Dispersion of the Navy — Secession of South Carolina — The Government in possession of the Conspira- tors — The inauguration of President Lincoln — Official declaration that force will be used to defend public property— The conspira- tors attack Fort Sumter— The effect in the South— The uprising of the North — The condition of the War Department — Eesponse to the call for 75,000 troops — Washington threatened — Treachery of Virginians — Harper's Ferry and Gosport Navy Yard destroyed —Riot in Baltimore— The route to the Capital re-opened 24 CHAPTEE II. PREPARATIONS FOR WAR IN PENNSYLVANIA. The People of Pennsylvania respond to threats of Secession — Governor Curtin pledges the power of the State — The Legislature resolves to sustain the Union — The War excitement ill the State — Mayor Henry's Address to the People — Pennsylvania Troops at Washington in advance of all others — Response of the People to the President's CaU for Troops in April, 1861 — Camp Curtin established at Harrisburg — Action of Public Men — Hon. Simon Cameron, Secretary of War — Hon. Thaddeus Stevens advises an Army of a million of men — Governor Curtin convenes the Legis- lature — His Message — Recommends the organization of a Reserve Corps — Patriotism of the People — Soldiers' Aid Societies — Re- freshment Saloons — Gen. Patterson's Call for Twenty-five Regi- ments — Act authorizing the Pennsylvania Reserve Corps — George A. McCall appointed Major-General — Companies ordered into Camps of Instruction — Col. Mann at Easton — Captain Mclntire at West Chester — Organization of First Regiment — Col. Roberts —John A. Wright, Chief of Ordnance, &c. — Organization of ( f ) 8 HISTORY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA EESEBVES. the Kane Rifle Regiment^Col. Biddle— Organization of the Fifth Regiment— Campaign of Riddle's Brigade to Western Virginiar- Skirmishes at New Greek and Piedmont— Forced March to Ridge- vUle— Return of Brigade to Harrisburg 44 CHAPTER III. OEGANIZATION.. Regiments organized in Camp "Washington, Easton— Colonel Mann —Colonel Sickel— Colonel March— Organization of the Sixth regi- . ment, Camp Curtin— Organization of the ScTenth regiment, Camp Wayne — Regiments organized in Camp Wilkins — C«lonel Hays— Regiments in Camp Wright— Colonel McCalmont— Colo- nel Gallagher— 'jTwelfth regiment in Camp Curtin— Colonel Tag- gert— McDowell's advance— Battle of Bull Run— Call for the Reserve Corps — Marching of regiments — Passage through Balti- more — Arrival at Washington — Camp formed at Tenallytown — First regiment at Annapol's— Artillery regiment — Organization of the Fifteenth regiment, cavalry 78 CHAPTER IT. TENALLYTOWN — PIEEPONT — DEANESVILLE. Camp instructions — General intelligence of the men — Position of the Reserve Corps — Alarms — Picket firing — Desire to meet the enemy in battle — The enemy driven from Upton's Hill — Grand Review by President Lincoln and General McClellan — General McCall's order — Resignation of Captain McPherson — A negro informs General McCall of the approach of the enemy — Lieu- tenants Fisher and Wonderly detailed for duty in Signal Corps — Condition, strength and discipline of the Reserve Corps — The enemy reported to be advancing — Attack on pickets at Great Falls — Presentation of colors by Governor Curtin — Organization of brigades — Report on condition of the division — Colonel MagiltQn — Advance into Virginia — Order of march — Langley — McCall's division the right of the army — Disasters in other divisions — The Reserves always successful — Reconnoissance to Dranesville — Ball's Bluff— Colonel Taggart tried by Court Mar- tial — Reconnoissance to Gunnell's farm — Cavalry reconnoissance to Dranesville — Battle of Dranesville — McCall's official report — Letter from Secretary Cameron — Governor Curtin goes to Camp Pierpont 107 CONTENTS. 9. CHAPTER V. OP^EATIONS OF THE AEMY EAST AND WEST. The effect of tke battle of Dranesville — Blockade of the Potomac— Eesignation of General Scott— McClellan appointed General-in- Chief of the National army — Situation on the Potomac — Other . Departments — Capture of Hatteras Inlet — Battle of Carnifex Perry — Operations in Missouri — Change of Commanders in the West — Formidable preparations by Army and Navy — Capture of Port Eoyal — Bumside's expedition — Battle of Logan's Cross Boads — Capture of Port Henry and Port Dbnelson — Battle of Pea Ridge — The Merrimac — Naval engagements in Hampton Roads — The Monitor — Repose of the Army of the Potomac — Spirit of the people — Mistaken policy — Army corps — President Lincoln's War Orders — The Army of the Potomac ordered to advance — Choice of route to Richmond — Evacuation of Manassas by the rebels — Advance of the Army of the Potomac — Embarka- tion for the Peninsula — Advance on Torktovm — Siege and Evacuation of Torktown — Battle of Williamsburg — Advance to Chickahominy — Battle of Fair Oaks — Detachment of McDowell's Corps — Marchof the Reserves to Hunter's MUls — "Smoky Hol- low " — March to Alexandria — Hard march and stormy night — Preparations for a new Campaign — The First Corps moves to Manassas — Scenes on the Bull Run battle-field — Paymaster and sutler in camp — Tricks of trade — Advance to Catlett's Station — Capture of Fredericksburg — Colonel Taggart's treatment of guerrillas — McDowell desires to advance from Fredericksburg — Promotion of Colonel Bayard and Lieutenant-Colonel Owen Jones — The First Corps ordered to march on Richmond — Presi- dent Lincoln at Fredericksburg— McDowell's advance within eight miles of McClellan' s army — The recall — Jackson's raid- McDowell's troops sent to the Shenandoah — Bayard's Cavalry and the Bucktail battalion pursuing Jackson — Harrisonburgh — GaUant conduct of Bucktails — Capture of Lieutenant-Colonel Kane and Captain Taylor — Battle of Cross Keys — Escape of Jackson 143 CHAPTER VI. PENINSULAB CAMPAIGN — MECHANICSVILLE — GAINES' MILL. The Reserves in camp at Fredericksburg — Condition of brigades — General Reynolds military governor — General Ord, promotion, ,10 HISTORY OF THE PENKSTLVANIA BESEEVE3. Ms militaxy services — McClellan calls for reinforcements — De- struction of bridges at Fredericksburg— McCall's division ordered to the Peninsula — Embarkation — Sailing to the White House — Disembarkation — March to Despatch station — Pursuit of enemy at Tunstall's station — Stuart's raid — Arrival of Third brigade — The Reserves save McClellan's line of communication — Concen- tration of the division at Despatch station — Strength of the division — March to new bridge — Spirit of the men — McCall and his troops assigned the post of honor — March to Mechanicsville — The appearance of the troops — Position on Beaver Dam creek- Occupation of Mechanicsville — Picket lines — Powerful armies face to face — Delay of the attack — The situation ; in Richmond ; in the armies — McClellan in doubt — Resolves to give battle — Position of the army — Advance of the left wing — Position of the right wing — Jackson's movement —Advance of the Rebel army — Battle of Mechanicsville — Night after the battle — Withdrawal to a new line — Position at Gaines' Mill — Battle of Gaines' MiU — Desperate fighting by regiments — Official reports— Results 187 CHAPTEK VII. PENINSULAR CAMPAIGN — NEW MARKET CROSS ROADS. Designs of the enemy — Trent's farm — Movement to Savage station — Army trains — The reserve artillery ; its value to the army ; in- trusted to McCall's division — Arrival of McCall at Savage station — Interview with McClellan — Proposition to destroy the trains — The Hero of Mechanicsville prefers to fight — Spirit of the troops — Scenes at Savage station — Sorrowful partings — Rev. Junius Marks— Distress of the wounded— Battle of Allen's farm— Gal- lantry of the Fifty -third Pennsylvania regiment— Battle of Savage station — March to New Market road — A restless night — Battle of New Market cross roads— Treachery of a negro guide— The brunt of the attack sustained by the Reserves — The Third regi- ment begins the battle— Charge of the Seventh— Confusion on the left— Charge of the First brigade— Death of Colonel Simmons —Cooper's and Kern's batteries— Capture and re-capture of Cooper's battery— Charge of the Irish Brigade— Terrible strug- gle for Randall's battery— General Meade wounded— General McCall captured— Colonel Roberts in command— Return of General Seymour— Artillery abandoned by the army- Colonel Simmons — Captain Biddle — ^False reports — Honor of the Reserves vindicated 248 CONTENTS. 11 CHAPTER VIII. PENINSULAS CAMPAIGN — MALVERN HILL — HAEBISON's LANDING. Battle at Turkey bridge— Withdrawal of troops to Malvern hill- Noble efforts to save the wounded — Line of battle on Malvern hill — The battle — Retreat to Harrison's landing — March of the Reserves — Situation at Harrison's landing — Casualties in the Reserve Corps — Reorganization — Labors of the surgeons — Pro- motion of officers — Colonel McCandless— Ksher— Ricketts — Sin- clair — Harvey — Hays — Jackson— Anderson — Taggart — Hardin — Donations of delicacies and vegetables — Mrs. Harris — Prof. Kevinski — Return of prisoners from Richmond — Their reception — McCall at home ; sword presentation at West Chester — Resignation — General Reynolds assumes command of Reserves — President Lincoln and General Halleck visit the army — General Pope assigned to the army of Virginia — His mission — MoClellan ordered to withdraw from the Peninsula — Tardy obedience — Critical situation of the armies^General Hooker's reconnoissance to Malvern hill — End of Peninsula campaign 298 CHAPTER IX. pope's campaign — BULL RUN — MARYLAND CAMPAIGN — SOUTH MOUNTAIN — ANTIETAM. Position of Pope's army — Abandons the line of the Rapidan — Posi- tion on the Rappahannock — Movements of the enemy — Attempts to cross the river — Pope's army outflanked — Promised reinforce- ments do not arrive — Rain storm — Movement to Warrenton — March to Manassas — Battle at Bristoe station — Skirmish at Gainesville — Jackson's retreat from Manassas — Pursuit — Jackson surroimded — Withdrawal of McDowell's forces — Change of plan — Porter's disobedience of orders — General Sigel's attack on Jackson on the 29th of August — Noble conduct of General Rey- nolds — Desperate fighting — Heintzelman and Reno on the field — General Pope orders a charge along the front — The enemy driven from the field — Inexplicable conduct of General Porter — Situation at nightfall — Position on Saturday morning — Porter's repulse, desperate fighting along the whole line — The enemy in over- whelming niunbers — Turning of Pope's left — Attempt to seize the Stone bridge — Daring valor ^ General Reynolds and the 12 HISTOET OF THE PENNSTLYANIA EESEbVeS. Reserves— Official reports — Loss in Reserve regiments — March to Centreville — Condition of the troops— Rations issued— Battle of Chantilly — Retirement of the army within the fortifications- Object of Pope's campaign— Transfer of the Army of the Poto- mac — Movements of McGleUan— The rebels cross the Potomac — Pursuit by General McClellan— March of the Reserves — Meade in command — Battle of South Mountain — Spirited charge up the mountain slope — The shout of victory — The casualties— "fhe bivouac — Pursuit of the enemy — Position on the Antietam — Hooker ordered to turn the enemy's left — The Reserves in the advance — The fight on Tuesday night— The piclset line on the field— Battle of Antietam— Desperate fighting — Field won, lost and won again — Fighting on the right — Fighting on the left — The field— The casualties— Official reports 331 CHAPTER X. BUKKSIDE's CAMPAIGN — FREDERICKSBaBG — HOOKERS CAM- PAIGN — OHANCELLORSVILLE. Camps at Sharpsburg — Effort to withdraw the Reserves — Resigna- tion of .Colonel Roberts— Colonel Potts— Major Todd — Colonels TaUey — Baily — Kirk— Warner — General officers — Supplies for the soldiers— McClellan' s delay — Ordered to advance — Stuart's raid — Advance into Virginia — March of the Reserves — McClellan relieved — ^Bumside assumes command—Plan of campaign — Or- ganization of the army — Movement to Falmouth — Battle of Fredericksburg — Line of battle — The Reserves in the advance — Charge of the First and Third brigades — They pierce the enemy's line — Unsupported — Forced back — Casualties — General Jackson ^Death of three sergeants — Captain O'Rourke— General Meade's report — Sumner's and Hooker's attacks — Withdrawal of the army to the north bank of the rivet — Second campaign — Bumside requests to be relieved — Hooker placed in command of the army — General Meade promoted to the command of the Fifth corps — General Doubleday in command of the Reserves — The Reserves transferred to Washington— ^Hooker's administration — Condition of the army — Hooker's campaign — His plans — Movements — Battle of Chancellorsville — Jackson's assault on the Eleventh corps— Desperate fighting — Death of Colonel Peissner — Generals Berry and Whipple — Sedgwick victorious at Fredericksburg — The Sixth corps struggles against Lee's whole army — Hooker retreats across the river — Loss in both armies 396 CONTENTS. 13 CHAPTER XI. INVASION OF PENNSYLVANIA — MEADE'S CAMPAIGN — GET- TYSBURG — MIN:^ KUNv Transfer of Reserve Corps to Alexandria — Guarding the ralilroad — Efforts to retire the Reserves — Change of 'officers; resignations and promotions— Colonel Ent — Colonel S. M. Jackson — General Crawford — Lee's march northward — Hooker's march to Fred- erick — Advance of the Rebel army into Pennsylvania — Destruc- tion of the Columbia bridge — The Reserves ask to be led against the invaders of their native State — General Meade assumes com- mand of the army — Meade's plans — Movements — Position — Advance on Gettysburg — Movements of the enemy — Reynolds' corps at Gettysburg — Beginning of the battle — Death of Reynolds — General Howard falls back to Cemetery hill — Concentration of the army — Line of battle— Operations of the second day — Topography of the field — Position of the Third corps— The attack on the left — Charge of the Reserves — Capture of Round- top — The battle on the right — Close of the second day — Prepara- tions for the third day — Desperate fight on Friday morning — The lull — The artillery fire and the charge in the evening — General Meade in the battle — Slaughter of the enemy-=-The second charge of the Reserves — End of the battle — The casual- ties — Surgeon Jackson — Colonel Taylor — General Reynolds — Retreat of the enemy — The pursuit — Position of the enemy at Falling Water — The council of Generals — The escape of Lee's army — Pursuit into Virginia — End of the campaign — General ' Meade — Presentation of sword to Meade — Operations on the Rappahannock — The retrograde movement to Centreville — Battle of Biistoe station — ^Advance to the Rapidan — Battle on , the Rappahannock — Mine run campaign — Marches and skir- mishes of the Reserves — The withdrawal — Winter quarters 432 CHAPTER XII. WINTER QUARTERS — GRANT'S CAMPAIGN — WILDERNESS — SPOTTSYLVANIA COURT-HOUSE — NORTH ANNA — BE- THESDA CHURCH — MUSTER OUT. Guarding the railroad — Capture of guerillas — Colonel Hardin wounded — Expedition to Brentsville — Death of Major Larimer — Colonel Gustin's expedition to O'ccoquan— Captain Fisher ; his 14 HISTORY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA EESEEVES. escape from Libby Prison— Reorganization of the Army— General Grant— Advance— Crossing the Rapidan— The Army in the Wilderness— Muster out of the Ninth regiment— Surgeons Phil- lips, King and Lane — General Meade's address to the Army — The battle in the Wildern^s- The advance to Parker's store — Line of battle— The Reserves surrounded — Escape to Lacy's farm— Capture of the Seventh regiment— Colonel Bolinger— Battle of Friday— General Wadsworth— Death of Colonel Dare — Movement to the right — Close of the day — Operations on Saturday — Night march to Spottsylvania Court-House — Battle on Sunday — Charge of the Reserves — Line of battle — Second charge— McCandless wounded — Colonel Talley captured — Opera- tions on Monday — Death of General Sedgwick— Sheridan's cavalry raid— Battle of Tuesday — The army at rest — Battle of Thursday — Hancock's coup de main — Desperate battle — Days of repose — The return of the Eighth regiment — Death of Surgeon Jones — Escape of Captain Robinson and Lieutenant Robinson — Attempt to turn the right — Exploit of Bucktails — Movement to Guinney's station — March to the North Anna — Operations south of the North Anna — Plank movement to Hanover — Battle of Bethesda Church — Expiration of term of service — Casualties — Return to Pennsylvania — Reception — Muster out — Campaign of the Third and Fourth regiments in Western Virginia — Battle of Cloyd'e mountain — Battle of New River — Casualties — Death of Colonel Woolworth — Return — Reception and muster out — The glory of the Reserves.. 501 CHAPTER Xin. REGIMENTAL BOLLS AND INDIVIDUAL RECORDS. MusTBK-OTJT Rolls of the Fibst Regiment— Roll of Field and Staff Officers— Roll of company A— Roll of company B— Roll of company C— Roll of company D— Roll of company E— Roll of company P— Roll of company 6— Roll of company H— Roll of company I — Roll of company K 562 MusTBE-ouT Rolls op the Second Regiment— Roll of Field and Staff Officers— Roll of company A— Roll of company B— Roll of compony C— Roll of company D— Roll of company E— Roll of company F— Roll of company G — Roll of company H— Roll of company K 575 CONTENTS. 15 MusTER-OTiT Rolls of the Third Regiment — Roll of Field and Staff OflBcers — Roll of company A — Roll of company B — Roll of company C — Roll of company D — Roll of company E — Roll of company F — Roll of company G — Roll of company H — Roll of company I — RoU of company K 584 MusTEK-OTTT RoLM OF theFotjeth Regimbnt — Roll of Field and Staff Officers — Roll of company A — Roll of company B — Roll of company C — Roll of company D — Roll of company E — Roll of company F — ^Roll of company Q — Roll of company H — Roll of company I — Roll of company K 597 Mctsteb-ottt Rolls of the Fifth Regiment — ^RoU of Field and Staff Officers — Roll of company A — Roll of company B — Roll of company C — Roll of company D — Roll of company E — Roll of company F — Roll of company Q — Roll of company H — RoU of company I — RoU of company K '. 609 MusTBB-orrT Rolls of the Sixth Regiment — Roll of Field and Staff officers — RoU of company A — Roll of company B — Roll of company C — Roll of company D — Roll of company E — Roll of company F — Roll of company Q — Roll of company H — Roll of company I — RoU of company K ■ 621 Muster-out Rolls of the Seventh Regiment — Roll of Field and staff Officers — Roll of company A — RoU of company B — Roll of company C — ^RoU of company D — Roll of company E — Roll of company F — RoU of company G — RoU of company H— Roll of company I — RoU of company K 634 Bolls of the Eighth Regiment — Roll of Field and Staff Officers — Roll of company A — Roll of company B — RoU of company C — RoU of company D — Roll of company E — Roll of company F — RoU of company G — Roll of company H — Muster-in Roll of com- pany I — RoU of company K -' 648 Rolls of the Ninth Regiment — RoU of Field and Staff Officers — RoU of company A — Roll of company B — Roll of company C — RoU of company B— Roll of company E— RoU of company F— Roll of company G — Roll of company H — Muster-out Roll of company I — Roll of company K 659 16 HISTORY OF THE PENTSrSTLVANlA EESERVES. Rolls of the Tenth Regiment — Roll of Field and Staff Officers — Roll of company A — Roll of company B — Roll of company C — Roll of company D — Roll of company E — Muster-out Roll of com- pany F — Roll of company Q — Muster-out Roll of company H — Roll of company I — Roll of company K 671 Rolls op the Eleventh Regiment— Roll of Field and Staff Offi- cers — Muster-out Roll of company A — Roll of company B — Roll of company — Roll ^of company D — Muster-out Roll of company E — Roll of company F— Muster-out Roll of company G— Roll of company H — Roll of company I — Roll of company K 684 Mttstee-out Rolls op the TwelPth Regiment — RoU of Field and Staff Officers— Roll of company A — RoU of company B — Roll of company C — RoU of company D — Roll of company E — Roll of company F — Roll of company G — RoU of company H — RoU of company I — Muster-in RoU of company K 696 MusTER-otTT Rolls op the Thietbbnth — Bucktail — ^Regiment —RoU of Field and Staff Officers— RoU of company A— Roll of company B — RoU of company 0- RoU of company D — Roll of company E— RoU of company F — RoU of company G— RoU of company H — RoU of company I — RoU of company K 710 PREFACE. The Great Eebellion of the Southern States was formally opened and war commenced by the attack of the conspi rators on Fort Sumter, in Charleston Harbor, in South Carolina, on the 12th day of April, 1861. After resisting the terrific attack for two days, early on the morning of the 14th of April, the garrison of less than one hundred men, surrendered to an attacking army of over two thousand strong, On the 15th day of the same month, the day following the fall of Fort Sumter, Abraham Lincoln, Presi- dent of the United States, issued a proclamation, calling out seventy-five thousand militia from the several States in the Union, to serve during a term of three months, in the war against the rebels. A requisition was made on the State of Pennsylvania for fourteen regiments. These were promptly furnished, and, such was the patriotic ardor of the people, that the number was increased to twenty-five regiments folly organized ; and as many more regiments, offered by the people, were not accepted by the "War Department. Camp Curtin was formed at Harrisburg on the 18th of April, and before the end of the month, the twenty-five regiments were organized and in the field. The Legislature of the State of Pennsylvania was ordered by the Governor of the Commonwealth to convene in extraordinary session on the 30th day of April, to provide for the better estab- lishment of the State militia, and to organize an army for State defence. 2 (17) 18 HISTOBY OP THE PENNSYLVAJSriA EESEEVES. In a message addressed to the members of tlie Legislature on the first day of the extra session, Governor Andrew G. Curtin recommended the immediate organization, disciplin- ing and arming of at least fifteen regiments of cavalry and infantry, exclusive of those already called into the service of the United States. Warning had already been given to the people in the border counties of approaching danger, and the long line of the southern boundary, lying on the borders of States seriously disaffected, rendered the adoption of precautionary measures not only politiTc, but necessary to the public safety. Such was the popular feeling throughout the State, that public-spirited citizens, acting on the recom- mendation of the Governor, maintained in complete organi- zation the unaccepted companies, and others formed new companies, to be in readiness when a call should be issued for additional troops. The Legislature acted promptly, and on the 15th day of May, 1861, passed an Act providing for the organization of the " Eeserve Corps of the Common- wealth," to consist of thirteen regiments of infantry, one regiment of cavalry, and one regiment of artillery. Two days after the passage by the Legislature of the enabling act. Governor Curtin issued a proclamation, setting forth the number of companies that would be required from each county in the State. The distribution was made pro-, portionate to the number of troops already in service from each county, based on assessments in proportion to popula- tion. The companies, by the same proclamation, were ordered to convene in State camps formed at Easton, "West Chester, Pittsburg and Harrisburg, where, in conformity with the law, they were to be organized and to receive military instruction, until such time as their services should be required for the defence of the State. PEEFACK. 19 Under previous calls, hundreds of companies had formed and offered their services to the State, but could not be received beyond the number assigned in the quota called for by the "War Department at "Washington, which was but a tithe of the number offered by the patriotic citizens of the Commonwealth. "When, therefore, it was published that the Governor was about to issue a call f^ fifteen thousand troops for purposes of State defence, so earnest was the desire of men to be admitted into the service, that many rushed to Harrisburg with all possible speed, from various districts in the State, and besought Governor Curtin to accept companies that were already fully organized and desired to enter the service of the country without delay. In a few days the number of companies offered was greatly in excess of the number required. The troops were speedily assembled in the designated camps, and the Corps was promptly organized under the direction of Major- General George A. McCall. It was the intention of the projectors of the Corps, that the troops should remain in the camps of instruction during the autumn and winter, in order to become skilled in the manual of arms and thoroughly familiar with regimental, brigade and division drills, before going into active service. The fate of war, however, decreed otherwise. The invasion of Pennsylvania was threatened from the direction of Cum- berland and Harper's Ferry, through Maryland, whose citizens would offer no resistance to the progress of a hostile army through that State into the borders of Pennsylvania. The danger apprehended and foreseen by the Governor and members of the Legislature, had come even before the swift vigilance of the men who presided over the affairs of the State had completed the organization, arming and instruct- 20 HISTORY OE THE PESTNSYLVANIA EESEEVES. ing the troops that were to be relied on for the purposed of defence. But a little more than a month after the Legisla- ture had passed the Act providing for the organization of the Eeserve Corps, it became necessary to despatch troops to the southern border and into the State of Mary- land, ia order to defend the State from invasion. Accord- ingly, on the 22d, day of June, 1861, two regiments, the First Eifles, popularly known as the "Bucktails," com- manded by Colonel Charles J. Biddle, and the Fifth regiment of infantry, commanded by Colonel Seneca Gr. Simmons, and two companies of artillery, commanded by Captain C. T. Campbell, were ordered to march to Cumberland, in the State of Maryland, to reinforce the Eleventh regiment of Indiana Volunteers, commanded by Colonel Lew. Wallace. While these troops were rendering valuable services ia Western Virginia, the battle of Bull Eun was fought by the Army of the Potomac, commanded by Major-General Irwin McDowell. The terrible disaster that befel the national army in this battle, on the 21st day of July, created an unexpected demand fbr reinforcements. No provision had been made for an emergeiicy of this nature, and hence no reinforcements were at the disposal of the General-in-Chief. It became necessary, therefore, to summon to the national capital, with all possible haste, all the available forces in the country. A requisition was made on the State of Pennsyl- vania on the 22d of July, for the immediate service of its Eeserve Corps. In response to this urgent demand of the national government, eleven thousand of these troops were sent to Washington as rapidly as transportation could be furnished, and, within a few days, the entire Corps, number- ing fifteen thousand eight hundred and fifty-six officers and men, was mustered into the service of the United States, and PREFACE. 21 became a part of the Army of the Potomac. On arriving at Washington, the troops went into camp at Tenallytown, five miles northwest from Georgetown, and in October, Crossed the Potomac river on Chain Bridge, and five miles west from the bridge, formed Camp Pierpont, near the Leesburg pike ; here they remained during the winter. While in Camp Pierpont, the organization was perfected, and the troops instructed in drills, and by frequent foraging expeditions and reconnoissances, made familiar with active service. On the 20th of December, 1861, the Third Brigade, com- manded by Brigadier-General Edward 0. C. Ord, engaged the enemy near DrainsviUe, and won the first victory gained by troops in the Army of the Potomac. In the spring of 1862,, the Corps joined in the movement of the army, under Major- General George B. McClellan, and marched to Fredericksburg, constituting the Second Division of General McDowell's Corps. In June it embarked on the Eappahannock river for the Peninsula, and on the 11th of June debarked at the "White House," on the south bank of the Pamunkey, and joined the right wing of the army at MechanicsviUe. These troops alone fought the battle of MechanicsviUe, they were engaged at Gaines' MiUs, Charles City Cross Eoads and Malvern Hill, through the seven days' battles before Eichmond. They rendered distinguished services at the second battle of Bull Eun, at South Moun- tain, Antietam, Fredericksburg, and Gettysburg. Where- ever the Army of the Potomac marched and fought, the Pennsylvania Eeserve Corps was present, enduring the severest toils of war. Hundreds of the brave men, who volunteered in defence of the State in case of invasion, have sacrificed their lives 22 HISTOKT OF THE PENNSYLVAISIA EESEBVES. on tHeir country's altar, in battles fought far from the borders of their native State by the army of the nation. Both the living and the dead, who marched and battled in this corps of brave men, have a history proper to be ■written. It is the purpose of this work to supply a public demand, by preserving in proper form, a complete record of the entire organization, containing the names of aU the officers and privates, their services, promotions and desti- nies, from the date of their enlistment into the State service to the day of their muster out of the service of the . United States; accounts of the marches they endured, the camps they occupied, and the many battles in which a haughty foe was made to recoil before the power of their arms. The History the Eeserve Corps has made, the author has written. It commends itself to every Pennsylvaoian on account of the great merits and patriotic devotion of the men whose acts it records. CHAPTER I. INTEODUOTIOK. Threats of Southern leaders— Secret preparations for war— Treach- ery of Buchanan's Cabinet — Conduct of Floyd — Shipment of arms and ammunition to the Southern States — Seizure of Goveijiment pro- perty by the rebels — Dispersion of the Navy — Secession of South Carolina — The Government in possession of the Conspirators — The inauguration of President Lincoln — OfiBcial declaration that force will be used to defend public property — The conspirators attack Fort Sumter — The effect in the South — ^The uprising of the North — The condition of the "War Department — Eesponse to the call for 75,000 troops — Washington threatened — Treachery of Virginians — Harper's Ferry and Gosport Navy Yard destroyed — Riot in Baltimore — The route to the Capital re-opened. The political leaders in tlie Soutliern States had so fre- quently threatened secession and the dissolution of the Union, that the people of the North heard with indifference the menace repeated at the return of each presidential elec- tion. During the administration preceding the inauguration of President Lincoln, the Southern leaders openly prepared for "war. Military companies were organized, equipped and drilled, at the expense of the government, and the commu- nities of the South Atlantic and Gulf States were put on a war footing. No tocsin of alarm was sounded. The work of preparation went on quietly and stealthily, it is true, but vigorously, and with organized system. In the spring of 1860, the conspirators, emboldened by their previous suc- cesses, declared openly, that unless they were permitted to choose for the succession, a man for President of the United States, committed to their own peculiar principles, they would secede from the Union and establish a confederacy of the Southern States, wherein the slaveholder might enjoy the rights and privileges of his domestic institution, unmo- lested by external interference. The extreme ignorance of 24: HISTORY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA EESERVES. the lower classes of tlie wMte population in the slave States, placed them wholly in the power of those who plotted treason against the government. They were taught to believe that the greatest calamity that could befall them and all the inhabitants of the Southern States, would be a govern- ment administered by a "Eepublican" President, and that the only means of escape from this waS secession and the establishment of an independent Confederacy. Though the leaders thus taught the people, they at the same time dili- gently labored to ensure the election of the Eepublican can- didate; and having succeeded in this, they called on the ignorant and misguided masses to take up arms and resist the authority of President Lincoln. During the administra- tion of James Buchanan, the traitors occupied the fortifica- tions, barracks and arsenals of the army; seized the yards and docks of the navy; plundered the mints and cus- tom houses; sent abroad the ships of war; corrupted the regular army; bankrupted the Treasury; destroyed the credit of the United States, and so completely demoral- ized the National Government, that but for the virtue and latent patriotism of the loyal people in the Northern States, the free institutions of America would have been irretrieva- bly lost. Not only had the leaders labored to disarm the people and demoralize the government by. seizing the forts, arsenals and treasure, by dispersing the fleet and disorgan- izing the. army, but they had placed in the several depart- ments at the National Capital, men on whom they could rely for assistance. They were equally diligent in garrison- ing the fortifications on the Southern coast with men of their own choosing, and in marshaling armies for the field. For, however short-sighted and bhnded by treason, these men were not without serious apprehensions of a sudden uprising of the people in defence of the government and the honored flag of the country. To armies hastily organized and indif- ferently armed, they had prepared to oppose companies and regiments and batteries familiar with the evolutions on the field and skilled in the manual of arms. INTEODUCTION'. 25 Abraliam Lincoln was elected President of the United States on the 7th. day of November, 1860, but would not enter upon the duties of that office until his inauguration on the 4th day of March, 1861. In the mean time, James Buchanan, who had been elected to his office, openly pledged to pursue the general policy of the slaveholders, adminis- tered the affairs of the nation. The government was virtually in the hands of the conspirators, and they had yet four months in which to mature their nefarious schemes. Never was time more industriously employed. The members of the President's Cabinet were among the boldest of the con- spirators, and unscrupulous and dictatorial, they . enthralled him by superior councils, and involved him in a policy which, though he knew was disastrous to the Nation, he had not power to change. His advisers watched him keenly as do beasts of prey their victim, and, with commendations or threats, moulded him to execute their will. Howell Cobb, a slaveholder and leading conspirator in Georgia, was Secre- tary of the Treasury; he employed the powers of his official position to destroy the credit of the Nation and leave an exhausted treasury to the new Administration. Jacob Thompson, of Mississippi, was Secretary of the Interior, and, though a weak man, he served as spy and informer to the conspirators, and in Cabinet meetings voted with his associates in treason. John B. Floyd, of Virginia, Secretary of War, having greater power for evil, outstripped all others in crime against the government he had sworn to defend. He scattered the standing army of the United States in remote fortresses, in the far west, and left the forts in the Southern States ungarrisoned. He disarmed the Northern States by emptying their arsenals and sending the arms into the Southern States, where they could be seized and used by the insurgents. One hundred and fifteen thousand stand of arms were taken from Springfield, Mass., and Watervhet, N. Y., and distributed throughout the slave States. A vast amount of heavy ordnance and ordnance stores were trans- ferred to the disaffected States; cannons, mortars, balls, 26 HISTORY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA RESERVES. shells, powder, and all the materials of war, were sliipped in large quantities to rebel storelio-ases. Having thus depleted the War Department, over which he presided, Floyd re signed his oifice as Secretary, and at once joined the rehel army, in which he received a high commission. Isaac Toucy, of Connecticut, a pliant tool in the hands of the con- spirators, was Secretary of the Navy. Including vessels of< every class, the United States Navy consisted of ninety ves- sels carrying about two thousand four hundred guns. It was of the utmost importance to the conspirators, that this arm of the Nation's defence, should be rendered power- less at the hour it would be most needed by the government. The gallantry and high-sense of honor, that obtained among the ojB&cers of the fleet, and the pride with which each com- mander regarded his vessel and the flag it bore on the high seas, rendered hopeless the traitors' schemes of corruption, so successfully plied against the officers at Washington. If the fleet commanders could not be converted to plots of treason, it was essential to the purposes of the conspirators, that the fleet should be dispersed in a manner that would render it unavailable for defence. Accordingly, it was dispersed. In the report of the new Secretary of the Navy, Gideon Welles, made July 4th, 1861, it is stated that five war vessels were sent to the East Indies, three to Brazil, seven to the Pacific Ocean, three to the Mediterreanean, seven to the coast of Africa and others to other distant waters, so that of the whole squadron, but two vessels, carrying twenty-seven guns and two hundred and eighty men, were left at home in Northern ports, and available to the government at the time of the attadk made by the rebels on Fort Sumter. Earnest men in the North regarded this unprecedented dispersion of the fleet of the Nation, with suspicion and alarm, even before the facts were published in the official report of Secretary Welles. The House of Eopresentatives appointed a select committee of five, to examine into the condition of the navy, and to inquire into the conduct of Secretary Toucy. This committee reported to the House on the 21st of Febru. INTEODUCTIOlSr. 27 ary, 1861, and after stating in wliat manner the fleet was dispersed, made use of tlie following language: "From this statement it will appear, that the entire naval force availa- ble for the defence of the whole Atlantic coast, at the time of the appointment of this committee, consisted of the steamer Brooklyn, twenty-five guns, and the store-ship Eelief, two guns. While the former was of too great draft to permit her to enter Charleston harbor with safety, except at spring tide, the latter was under orders to the coast of Africa with stores for the African squadron. Thus the whole Atlantic seaboard has been, to aU intents and purposes, without de- fences during all the period of civil commotion, and lawless violence to which the President has called our attention, as 'of such vast and alarming proportions as to be beyond his power to check or control.' "The committee cannot fail to call attention to this extra- ordinary disposition of the entire naval force of the country, and especially in connection with the present no less extra- ordinary and critical juncture of political affairs. They cannot call to mind any period in the past history of the country, of such profound peace and internal repose, as would justify so entire an abandonment of the coast of the country to the chance of fortune. Certainly, since the nation pos- sessed a navy, it has never before sent its entire available force into distant seas, and exposed the numerous interests at home, of which it is the special guardian, to the dangers from which, even in times of the utmost quiet, prudence and forecast do always shelter them. To the committee this dis- position of the naval force at this most critical period, seems extraordinary. The permitting of vessels to depart for dis- • tant seas, after these unhappy difficulties had broken out at home; the omission to put in repair and commission, ready for orders, a single one of the twenty-eight ships dismantled and unfit for service, in our own ports, and that, too, while six hundred and forty-six thousand six hundred and thirty- nine doUars and seventy-nine cents of the appropriation for repairs in the navy, the present year, remained unexpended 28 HISTORY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA EESEEVES. were, in the opinion of your committee, grave errors — without justification or excuse." Thus was the government despoiled by its sworn officers ; the most sacred trusts were betrayed ; the property of the government was delivered to its enemies by the men whose sworn duty it was to defend and preserve it, and the govern- ment itself was on the very point of being unconditionally surrendered into the hands of the conspirators. It is dif- ficult to find any where in the annals of history, so great weakness surrounded by arrogance so unscrupulous, and controlled by treachery so infamous. The Executive, aroused to a sense of the dangers that surrounded him, in a delirium of terror and alarm, recommended the unconditional sur- render of the government to the demands of those who plotted for its destruction. The North was called on to surr render every thing. The South was only to consent to ac- cept the surrender. A " Peace Congress " was convened at Washington to arrange the catalogue of concessions the North was reqidred to rdake to Slavery. Seven States were unrepresented. Their leaders had resolved on a dismem- berment of the Union, and the establishment of a con- federacy, whose foundation should be slavery. They refused to take part in the Peace Convention, and regarded with scorn any measures that interfered with their mad designs. The convention adjourned on the 27th of February, 1861, and their deliberations and plans of adjustment were soon forgotten. Compromises and resolutions of pacification, were offered in the Senate of the United States, and discussed at great length; but over and above all schemes of politicians and compromises offered by statesmen, stood the one great fact, that the State of South Carolina, through the represen- tatives of her people in convention assembled, as far as it was possible for them so to do, proceeded formally to secede from the United States, and to break up the government of the American Union, by passing the following resolution: "We, the -people of the State of South Carolina, in conven- tion assembled, do declare and ordain,' and it is hereby de- INTEODUCTIOlir. 29 clared and ordained, ttat tlie ordinance adopted by us in Convention, on tlie 23d of May, in the year of our Lord 1788, -wliereby the Constitution of the United States of America was ratified, and also all acts and parts of acts of the General Assembly of this State, ratifying the amend- ments of said Constitution, are hereby repealed, and that the union now subsisting between South Carolina and other States, under the name of the United States of America is hereby dissolved." In the face of this- official declaration on the part of the conspirators in South Carolina, it was impossible for loyal sovereigns in the North to consent to, much less to offer, any terms of compromise. The new Administration acted on this principle, and demanded that the conspirators should retract their acts of hostility against the United States, as prelimi- nary to compromise and terms of pardon. It was, however, not the purpose of the rebels to retract, not even to suspend hostilities. Many beheved that a peaceful separation might be effected; "but the leaders prepared for war and were resolved on enforcing their resolutions of secessiori by arms in open war. Throughout the Southern States, the slaveholding seces- sionists brought into requisition every instrument of terror within their grasp to crush out the last vestige of loyalty t® the Union. "Vigilance Committees" and "Minute Men" were organized in the cities and large tOTms, to execute the commands of the chief conspirators, and it is a notable fact, that wherever these organizations were established, treason was most successfal. Those who could not be controlled by persuasion and coaxing, were dragooned and bullied, by threats and jeers. ]By this means, when the question of secession was nominally submitted to a popular vjote, thous- ands of well-disposed citizens voted for immediate secession through timidity, and many more, who at heart were too loyal to be guilty of the slightest overt act of treason against the government, quietly remained at home, in order to escape violence. "To be candid," says a Southern journalist, speak- 30 HISTORY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA EESERVES. ing of the election, "there never lias been so mucli lying and bullying practised, in tlie same length of time, since the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah, as has been in the recent campaign." " The big heart of the people is still in the Union, and we hope to see it yet assert its supremacy. It is now subjugated temporarily to the will of the politicians. Less than a hundred thousand politicians are endeavoring to destroy the liberties and usurp the rights of more than thirty millions of people. If the people permit it, they deserve the horrors of the civil war which will ensue; they deserve the despotism under which they will be brought, and the hard fate which will be their lot." The stout heart gave utterance to these sounds of warning, in the midst of traitors ; they fell not unheard on the ears of men not yet wholly mad, but through fear, were unheeded. Forts Creswell and Johnson, on the coast of North Caro- lina, were seized by the rebels on the 8th of January, 1861. On the 9th, a convention in the State of Mississippi passed an ordinance of secession. On the 11th, an armed force from New Orleans seized the United States Marine Hospital, two miles below the city, expelled the patients and converted the buildings into barracks for rebel troops. On the same day, the secessionists of Florida and Alabama declared those States out of the Union. They seized the navy yard and Fort Barancas at Pensacola. The rebels in Mississippi blockaded the Mississippi river at Vicksburg, by placing a battery of field pieces on the bluff, and compelled every vessel pasang to heave to and be searched. On the Arkansas river a vessel, with government supplies for the garrison at Fort Smith, was seized and confiscated to the use of the rebels. On the 15th, the rebels in Florida surprised and captured the United States Coast Survey Schooner Dana. On the 19th, a convention in Georgia, by a vote of two hundred and eighty-eight agaiast eighty-nine, voted that State out of the Union. On the 21st, Jefferson Davis, United States Senator from the State of Mississippi, who continued to ESTTBODUCTION. 31 occupy Lis seat after the secession of the State lie repre- sented, withdrew from the Senate to place himself at the head of the rebels. On the 26th, the convention in Louisiana passed an ordinance of secession. This convention was an usurpation. No returns have ever been made of the vote by which the members claimed to have been elected. It is believed, that in defiance of the threatened reign of terror, the people of that State voted against secession. The con- vention was nevertheless packed to the pleasement of the leaders, and* the ordinance was adopted with only seventeen dissenting voices in a convention of one hundred and thirty delegates. On the 31st, the rebels in New Orleans, silencing, by threats of Lynch law, every honest patriot who would offer a remonstrance, seized the custom-hoxise and the United States Mint, containing government deposits to the amount of five hundred and eleven thousand dollars. On the 4th of February, forty-two of the leading conspira- tors met in Montgomery, Alabama, representing the States of Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, and South Carolina. The object of the convention was the organization of a new nation, — ^the Southern Con- federacy, — to consist of the seven States above named, and such other States as might subsequently secede from the Union and be added to the Confederacy. Without the slightest misgivings, these men undertook to revolutionize a nation whose territory spans a zone of the continent, and the number of whose people ei^eeds thirty millions. They deemed themselves sovereign umpires, and arrogated to their convention the power to frame a Constitution, adopt Articles of Confederation, and establish a permanent govern- ment. The people were ignored and had no voice in the revolution. History affords no parallel to such audacious usurpation ; and yet, so sagaciously was the affair managed, that the ignorant masses at the South were led as obediently as plantation slaves to unrewarded labor. After performing the grave ceremonies of creating a nation, these same forty- two delegates chose Jefferson Davis President, and Alexan- 32 HISTOEY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA EESERVE3. der H. Stevens Vice-President of the Southern Confederacy. On the 18th, Jefiferson Davis and Alexander H. Stevens ■were inaugurated at Montgomery in the offices to which they had been elected by the convention. Everything thus seemed to go prosperously for the Con- federacy, and the conspirators were loud in their declarations that God favored their enterprize and would give it success. All this time the government was apparently powerless. The slaveholdiag States bounding the free States on the south, called the "border States," did not secede; but threat- ened to do so if the government attempted to coerce the seceded States back into the Union. This policy of "No Coercion," which governed the action of the leaders in the border States, was a device of traitors to enthral these States into the new doctrine of constitutional secession. No action of these non-seceded States could have been more embar- rassing to the authorities at "Washington. They thus formed a bulwark, behind which the seceded States deliberately and securely prepared for war; and from' and through which they drew supplies of arms and men. Soon after the inauguration at Montgomery, a member of the Military Committee declared, "We have arms, and in abundance, thoiigh no ^armories. Every State has amply provided itself to meet any emergency that may arise, and is daily purchasing and receiving cannon, mortars, shells, and other engines of destruction with which to overwhelm the dastard adversary. Organized armies now exist in all the States, commanded by ofEcers, brave, accomplished, and experienced; and even shoxild war occur in twenty days, I feel confident that they have both the valor and the arms successfully to resist any force whatever." The people of the free States regarded the progress of the rebellion with composure; and quietly, but with intense latent emotion, awaited the inauguration of President Lin- coln. Belief was not hoped for during Buchanan's admin- istration. This the conspirators well knew, and hence were prepared to resist the inauguration of an administration INTEODUCTIOIT. 33 pledged to resist tlie usurpation of the slave power. The attempt to assassinate President Lincoln on his passage to the Capital failed, and his administration was duly inaugu- rated on the 4th of March, 1861. In his inaugural address, Mr. Lincoln said : "I therefore consider that, in view of the Constitution and laws, the Union is unbroken; and to the extent of my abihty I shall take care, as the Constitution itself expressly enjoins on me, that the laws of the Union be faithfully execu- ted in all the "States; doing this I deem to be only a simple duty on my part, and I shall perform it, so far as practica- ble, unless my rightful masters, the American people, shall withhold the requisite means, or, in some other authoritative manner, direct the contrary. "I trust this will not be regarded as a menace, but only as the declared purpose that as to the Union, I will constitu- tionally defend and maintain it. In doing this there need be no bloodshed or violence ; and there shall be none, unless it be forced upon the national authority. The power confided to me will be used to hold, occupy and possess the property and places belonging to the government, and to collect the duties on imports; but beyond what may be necessary for these objects, there wiU be no invasion, no using of force against or among the people anywhere. "Physically speaking, we cannot separate. "We cannot remove our respective sections from each other, nor build an impassable wall between them. A husband and wife may be 'divorced and go out of the presence and beyond the reach of each other, but the different parts of our coun- try cannot do this. They cannot but remain face to face, and an intercourse either amicable or hostile must continue between them. Is it possible, then, to make that intercourse more advantageous or more satisfactory after separating than before? Can aliens make treaties easier than ftiends can make laws? Can' treaties be more faithfully enforced between aliens than laws among friends? Suppose you go to war, you cannot fight always, and when, after much 34: HISTORY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA' EESERVES. loss on both sides and no gain on either, you cease fighting, the identical old questions as to terms of intercourse are again iipon you. "This country, with its institutions, belongs to the people who inhabit it. Whenever they shall grow weary of the existing government, they can exercise their constitutional right of amending it, or their revolutionary right to dis- member or overthrow it. "The Chief Magistrate derives all his authority from the people, and they have conferred none upon him to fix terms for the separation of the States. The people themselves can do this also, if they choose, but the Executive, as Such, has nothing to do with it. His duty is to administer the present government as it came to his hands, and to transmit it, unimpaired by him, to his successor." When Abraham Lincoln, by virtue of his constitutional election, assumed the administration of the government of the United States, he found all the offices at Washington administered by appointees of the preceding administration, which was notoriously under the control of the conspirators. The heads of Departments, the chiefs of Bureaus, clerks and messengers, with few exceptions, were unreliable, and could not, with safety to the government, be retained in office. The city of Washington was threatened with attack from the rebels in the South, when at the same time it was liter- ally swarming with spies and assassins who would inform, and co-operate with, the enemy without. On the 18th of February, Joseph Holt, a distinguished and patriotic citizen of Kentucky, into whose hands the portfolio of the War Department was entrusted on the re- tirement of the traitor Floyd, addressed a letter to President Buchanan, in reply to a resolution of the House, inquiring into the state of the defences of the city of Washington. The following extract from that letter describes the condi- tion of affairs at the time of Mr. Lincoln's inauguration: "The overthrow of the Federal authority has not only been sudden and widespread, but has been marked by ex- INTRODUCTION. 35 cesses wMcli hare alarmed all, and been sources of profound humiliation to a large portion of the American people. Its history is a history of surprises, and treacheries, and ruth- less spoliations. The forts of the United States have been captured and garrisoned, and hostile flags unfurled upon their ramparts. Its arsenals have been seized, and the vast amount of public arms they contained appropriated to the use of the captors, while more than half a million of dollars, found in the Mint at New Orleans, have been unscrupulously applied to replenish the coffers of Louisiana. Officers in command of revenue cutters of the United States, have been prevailed on to violate their trusts, and surrender the pro- perty in their charge ; and instead of being branded for their crimes, they, and the vessels they betrayed, have been cordially received into the service of the seceded States. "At what time the armed occupation of Washington City became a part of the revolutionary programme, is not certainly known; more than six weeks ago, the impression had already extensively obtained, that a conspiracy for the accomplishment of this guilty purpose was in process of formation, if not fully matured. The earnest endeavors made by men known to be devoted to the revolution, to hurry Virginia and Maryland out of the Union, were regarded as preparatory steps for the subjugation of Washington. "The nature and power of the testimony thus accumulated may be best estimated by the effect produced upon the popular mind. Apprehensions for the safety of the capitol were communicated from points near and remote, by men unquestionably reliable and loyal. The resident population became disquieted, and the repose of inany families in the city was known to be disturbed by painful anxieties. Mem- bers of Congress, too, men of calm and comprehensive views, and of undoubted fidelity to their country, frankly expressed their solicitude to the President and to this department, and formally insisted that the defences of the capitol should be strengthened. With such warnings, it could not be forgotten that, had the early admonitions which reached here in regard 36 HISTORY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA EESEEVE3. to tHe designs of lawless men upon tlie forts of Charleston tarlDor, been acted on by sending forward adequate re- inforcements before the revolution began, the disastrous political compKeations that ensued might not have occurred. "Impressed by these circumstances and considerations, I earnestly besought you to allow the concentration at this city of a sufBcient military force, to preserve the public peace from all the dangers that seemed to threaten it. An open manifestation on the part of the administration of a determination, as well as of the ability to maintain the laws, would, I was convinced, prove the Purest as also the most pacific means of baffling and dissolving any conspiracy that might have been organized. It was believed, too, that the highest and most solemn responsibility resting upon a Pre- sident withdrawing from the government was, to secure to his successor a peaceful mauguration." The words of this address werethe first official declaration to the world, that the government would, if necessary, em- ploy force to defend the Constitution and enforce the laws gf the nation. The rebels now gave up all hopes of peaceful separation. The government was now pledged to the loyal people, to use force to hold, occupy and possess the public property and collect the lawful duties and imports. The conspirators in this, the declared piirpose of the new admin- istration, had but two alternatives: either they must sur- render the forts, arsenals, mints, custom houses, vessels and other public property, and acknowledge their ordinances of secession to be void, or they must defend them with armed force. Nothing was more foreign to the purposes of the self- constituted ofBcers of the conspiracy, than submission to the authority of Mr. Lincoln's administration. They chose the terrible alternative of civil war. The leaders felt the necessity of arousing the people and of creating a popular furor in favor of the Confederacy. They resolved to take the initiative in open hostilities, and by storming some weakly garrisoned fort, and hoisting the Confederate banner on the proud place, honored by the flag INTRODUCTION'. 37 of the nation, "fire the heart of the South," and amid excite-^ ment and confusion, create an army that "would be able suc- cessfully to resist the smaR standing army of the Union. It was supposed that the South, once committed to war, would be compelled by pride to support the leaders, and continue the conflict. Every possible preparation was made, with all the expedition the facilities at their command would admit of, for an attack on Fort Sumter, in Charleston harbor. Fortifications were erected on the islands opposite the fort, iron-clad batteries were constructed in every available posi- tion on shore, and formidable engines of war floated in. the harbor. To man these and to defend the city they had collected at Charleston an army of ten thousand men. On the 11th of April, the rebels sent a demand to the United States garrison to surrender. Major Eobert Ander- son replied that " his sense of honor and his obligation to the government would prevent his comphance." He, how- ever, at the same time, informed them that the garrison were nearly starved out, and if no supplies reached them before the 15th, they would be compelled to surrender. A peaceful surrender would not accomplish the purposes of the rebel leaders, and hence, at half past four o'clock on the morning of the 12th of April; the rebels, commanded by General Beauregard, opened fire upon Fort Sumter and the flag of the United States, and thus inaugurated a civil war, which was to cost more than two hundred thousand lives, to distress and impoverish countless families, to imperil the existence of free institutions, and to subvert the doctrine of republican governments. This outrage upoii our country's flag was received throughout the rebellious States with all the demonstrations of pride and joy. The conduct of the last administration at Washington had. brought the people in the South to look upon the government with contempt, and they had no apprehensions that it would now manifest suffi- cient vitality to attempt to punish their treason. The action of the rebels at Charleston was telegraphed throughout the States, and when the people heard that Fort 38 HISTOET OF. THE PENNSYLVANIA RESERVES. Sumter had been captured, after two days' bombardme; and tliat the national flag bad been hauled down to ma room for the banner of traitors, the land was filled wi patriotic indignation. The uprising at the North was su as the world never witnessed before. Up to the day of t attack on Sumter, there were few men in the North w believed the rebels would commence civil war. The thres and bluster of the Southern politicians were regarded as more violent repetition of similar demonstrations in the pa As the news of the insult to the national dignity, of t battle and of the capture of the fort by the rebels was flash along the wires and radiated from every station, excitemei unparalleled in the history of the world, pervaded every ci1 hamlet and fireside. Party distinctions were forgotten, and united people thought only of the public peril and of mea to defend the government. On the 15th of April, President Lincoln issued a prod mation, calling out 75,000 volunteers, to serve during a tei of three months, and at the same time summoned Congre to convene in extra session on the 4th of July. Nevi perhaps, were a people found less prepared for war, th were the people of the Northern States, yet the response this call for troops was prompt and cordial. Four da after the date of the call, troops from States remote from t capital were already thronging its streets, and the W Department was overwhelmed with men anxious to serve defence of their country. The President had exercised, in the organization of 1 administration, a wise and liberal judgment. William : Seward, of New York, was appointed Secretary of Stal Salmon P. Chase, of Ohio, Secretary of the Treasury ; Sim Cameron, of Pennsylvania, Secretary of War; Gide Welles, of Connecticut, Secretary of the Navy; Montgome Blair, of Maryland, Postmaster-General; Edward Bates, Missouri, Attorney-General; Caleb B. Smith, of Indili Secretary of the Interior. Simon Cameron, Secretary of War, thus describes t INTEODUCTION. 39 condition of his department when lie entered upon his duties : " Upon my appointment to the position, I found the department destitute of all means of defence ; without guns and with little prospect of purchasing the material of war., I found the nation without any army, and I found scarcely a man throughout the whole War Department in whom I could put my trust. The Adjutant-General deserted. The Quartermaster-General ran off. The Commissary-General was on his death-bed. More than half the clerks were disloyal." This was the condition of the War Department little more than a month before 75,000 troops were called into the field, and the capital of the nation menaced by a well organized army. Immediately after the capture of Sumter, Jefferson Davis, the proclaimed head of the conspirators, issued a proclama- tion, authorizing privateers to be fitted out in all the ports of the South, to prey upon the commerce of the United States. Against these piratical vessels, the vast merchant marine of the United States was utterly defenceless. Treach- ery had dismantled and dispersed the fleet, and there were no convoys to guard the merchantmen. As a protection against the rebel privateers, the President, on the 19th of April, announced the blockade of all the ports in the seceded States. At the same time, the Secretary of the Navy put forth all the strength of his department to create a navy, and in less than three months, over three hundred vessels of war w^e in active service. Encouraged by the successftd attack on Sumter, the rebels prepared to make a desperate effort to gain possession of Washington before the North could gather forces for its defence. A plot was formed for the capture of the city, by 8 conspiracy of Virginians with prominent secessionists in Washington, leagued with traitors of influence and wealth in Baltimore. The Virginians, to the number of about three thousand, were to seize the arsenal at Harper's Ferry, which contained twenty-five thousand stand of arms, and thus supply themselves with weapons and ammunition. They 40 HISTOET OF THE PENNSYLVANIA EESEEVES. were tlien to make a rapid descent on Washington, and marcliing into tlie streets of the city, they ■would be joined by organized bands of traitors, armed to the teeth and ready to receive them. In the midst of the terror and confasion created by the sudden assault from without and from within, the conspirators would seize on some of the most important public buildings and convert them into fortresses, from whence they could command the city until the arrival of I'einforcements from Eichmond. In the meantime, the con- spirators in Baltimore were to cut off all communication with the North, by burning bridges, tearing up railroads, and cutting the telegraph. Should troops attempt to march through Baltimore to the defence of the capital, armed mobs were to attack them in the streets, and impede their pro- gress until Washington could be strongly garrisoned by reinforcements. The government were made acquainted with this pldt just in time to thwart it and save the city. Gen. Scott quietly took possession of the capital, behind whose massive walls a few trusty soldiers could maintain a desperate defence. A party of three hundred men, commanded by Greneral James Lane, of Kansas, bivouacked in the East Eoom of the White House; and the "Cassius M. Clay Battalion" patrolled the streets at night and guarded the public buildings. The very limited means left at the disposal of the Secretary of War, were used to the best possible advantage to guard against a surprise. The Long Bridge across the Potomac was patrolled by a detachment of dragoons ; and a battery of light artniery was placed at the end of the bridge, on the Washington side. Lieutenant Jones of the United States army^ with a garri- son of forty-three men, held Harper's Ferry. On the 19th of April, at ten o'clock in the night, he received reliable information that three thousand Virginians, despatched by Governor Letcher, were within two hours march of Harper's Ferry, approaching from Winchester, and that three hun- dred troops from Hallstown were within half a mile of the INTEODUCTION. 41 arsenal. The little band of defenders had heroically prepared to blow up the arsenal and destroy the arms and ammuni- tion should they find the enemy approaching in overpower- ing numbers. Accordingly, when convinced that over three thousand men were about descending on the garrison, Lieutenant Jones ordered the torch to be applied, and, in a few minutes, all the buildings of the army were in flames. The garrison retired in safety across the river. The seces- sionists at Harper's Ferry made every effort to extinguish the flames and save the munitions of war for their approach- ing friends. Failing to obtain the government property, in a burst of rage they rushed across the river to pursue the heroic band, whose loyalty had defeated their attempt to appropriate the arms of the government, and firing upon them, succeeded in killing three of their number. At day- light next morning about five thousand Virginia troops were holding the important post. This action on the part of the Virginians took place while that State was still -nominally in the Union. For, though a convention in secret conclave had passed an ordi- nance of secession, it was kept a profound secret from the community, in order that plans, not yet matured, might be adopted for seizing Fortress Monroe, the Gosport Navy Yard, and the arsenal at Harper's Ferry. On the night of the 16th of April, by order of Governor Letcher, a large number of boats laden with stones were sunk in the mouth of James river, in order to prevent the passage out of the large ships lying in the harbor. Imme- diate arrangements were made to seize the navy yard. Many of the petty officers in the yard were traitors, and labored to baffle the efforts of loyal men to protect the public property. On the 18th, many of the naval officers resigned their commissions, and passed over to the rebel service, surrendering to the enemy, as far as was in their power, the most extensive and important naval station ia America. The history of the world will scarcely show, among civilized men, any act of dishonor so flagrant. 42 HISTOET OF THE PESHSTSYLVANIA RESERVES. It was now evident that the yard, with its immense stores of materials, could not be preserved. ISTot a moment was to be lost. On the 21st of April, at seven o'clock in the even- ing, the steamship Pawnee left Fortress Monroe with six thousand men on board to aid in . the destruction of the yard and to bring off the loyal men. The steamer reached Gosport at nine o'clock. The crews of the Cumberland and the Pennsylvania received their deliverers with hearty ap- plause. The Pawnee made fast to the dock, landed the troops, and seized all the gates of the yard that no foes could enter. All that could possibly be removed was placed on board the vessels to the extent of their capacity. Everything that could not be removed and that could prove valuable to the rebels was destroyed. Shot, shell, carbines, stands of arms, revolvers, were thrown overboard from the vessels that could not be towed over the obstructions. Nearly three thousand heavy guns, splendid Columbiads and Dahlgrens, were spiked. At midnight, when the light of the moon had gone^'out, the barracks were set on fire, and the crackling flames, leap- ing from basement to roof, illumined the scene with a fear- ful glare. The trains were laid and the matches prepared to set on fire houses, shops, ships, everything that would burn. At four o'clock the torch was applied, and in less than half an hour the whole yard was enveloped in flames. Thus were the labors of half a century lost in an hour. The traitors in Baltimore acted promptly with their friends in Virginia. They tore up the railroad through the streets, and resisted the passage of Northern troops through the city. As the troops from Massachusetts, on the 19th of April, were marching through Baltimore on their way to Washington, they were hideously beset by an armed mob bearing a secession flag. They were assailed from behind street corners, from doors, windows and housetops, by men armed with pistols, guns, stones, clubs, and all the imple- ments of savage warfare. A Pennsylvania regiment was preparing to foUow the Massachusetts troops in cars. They INTEODUOTION. 43 ■were unarmed, and it was deemed imprudent to attempt to cross the city. The men were therefore returned to Phila- delphia. The secessionists had thus effectually obstructed the passage of troops to the national capital over the only direct and expeditious route. For a time, troops were for- warded through Annapolis and up the Potomac river. Bal- timore was for the time in the possession of the secessionists. It was determined, however, that the soldiers from the North should fight their way through every obstruction. As soon, therefore, as Washington was safe, United States volunteers were ordered to march by the direct route to their capital, through the streets of Baltimore, or over the grounds where the city once stood. 44: HISTOEY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA RESERVEa. CHAPTER n. PEEPAEATIONS FOE WAE IN PENNSYLVANIA. The People of PenBsylvania respond to threats of Secession — Gover- nor Curtin pledges the power of the State— The Legislature resolves to sustain the Union— The War excitement in the State— Mayor Heniy's Address to the People — Pennsylvania Troops at 'Washington in advance of all others— Eesponse of the People to the President's Call for Troops in April, 1861— Camp Curtin established at Harrisburg — Action of Public Men— Hon. Simon Cameron, Secretary of War — Hon. Thaddeua Stevens advises an Army of a million of men — Governor Curtin con- venes the Legislature — His Message — Eecommends the organization of a Reserve Corps — Patriotism of the People — Soldiers' Aid Societies — Refreshment Saloons — Gen. Patterson's Call for Twenty-five Regiments — Act authorizing the Pennsylvania Reserve Corps — George A. McCall appointed Major-General — Companies ordered into Camps of Instruc- tion — Col. Mann at Easton — Captain Mclntire at West Chester — Organ- ization of First Regiment — Col. Roberts — John A. Wright, Chief of Ordnance, &c. — Organization of the Kane Rifle Regiment — Col. Biddle — Organization of the Fifth Regiment — Campaign of Riddle's Brigade to Western Virginia — Skirmishes at New Creek and Piedmont — Forced March to Ridgeville — Return of Brigade to Harrisburg. In October, 1860, tlie paople of Pennsylvania elected Andrew G. Curtin Governor of tlie Commonwealth, and in November declared, by a majority of sixty thousand votes, in favor of Abraham Lincoln for President of the United States. This was the reply of the people of this gr^t state to the threats of the slaveholders, that if an anti- slavery candidate should be elected for President, the South- ern States would secede from the Union and overthrow the Government. With three hundred miles of boundary lying along the borders of slave States, and open to immediate in- vasion, the people thus forcibly responded to the challenge of the conspirators. In his inaugural address, delivered in Harrisburg, Janu- ary 15, 1861, Governor Curtin pledged himself and the PEEPAEATIONS FOB WAR IN PEKITSTLVAJSTIA. 45 wbole power of the State to tlie support of the National Constitution. He said: " No part of the people, no State nor, combination of States, can voluntarily s,ecede from the Union, nor absolve them- selves from their obligations to it. To permit a State to withdraw at pleasure from the Union, without the consent of the rest, is to confess that our Government is a failure. Pennsylvania can never acquiesce in such a conspiracy, nor assent to a doctrine which involves the destruction of the Government. If the Government is to exist, all the require- ments of the Constitution must be obeyed; and it must have power adequate to the enforcement of the supreme law of the land in every State. It is the first duty of the national authorities to stay the progress- of anarchy and enforce the laws, and Pennsylvania, with a united people, will give them an honest, faithfal and active support. The people mean to preserve the integrity of the National Union at every hazard." " The Constitution which was originally framed to pro- mote the welfare of the thirteen States and four millions of people, in less than three-quarters of a century has embraced thirty-three States and thirty millions of inhabitants. Our territory has been extended over new climates, including peojjle with new interests and wants, and the Government has protected them all. It is all we desire or hope for, and all that our fellow-countrymen who complain, can reasonably demand." ^he Legislature of Pennsylvania being in session on the 24th of January, 1861, adopted a preamble and resolutions which contained the following very explicit language : " Whereas, A convention of delegates assembled in the city of Charleston, in the State of South Cai;olina, did on the twentieth day of December, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty, adopt an ordinance, en- titled "An ordinance to dissolve the union .between the State of South Carolina and other States united with her un- der the compact, entitled, ' The Constitution of the United 46 HISTORY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA RESERVES. States of America,' whereby it is declared tliat the said union is dissolved. "Resolved, That if the people of any State in this Union are not in the fall enjoyment of all the benefits intended to be secured to them by the said Constitution ; if their rights under it are disregarded, their tranquility disturbed, their prosperity retarded, or their liberties imperilled by the people of any other State, full and adequate redress can and ought to be provided for such grievances, through the action of Congress and other proper departments of the National Government.. " Resolved, That we adopt the sentiments and language of President Andrew Jackson, expressed in Ms message to . Congress, on the sixteenth of January, one thousand eight hundred and thirty-three, ' that the right of a people of a single State to absolve themselves at will and without the consent of the other States, from their most solemn obliga- tion, and hazard the liberties and happiness of millions composing this Union, cannot be acknowledged, and that such authority is utterly repugnant both to the principles upon "which the General Government is constituted, and the objects which it was expressly formed to attain.' " Resolved, That the Constitution of the United States of America contains all the powers necessary to the mainten- ance of its authority, and it is the solemn and most impera- tive duty of the Government to adopt and carry into effect whatever measures may be necessary to that end ; and the faith and the power of Pennsylvania are hereby pledgecN;o the support of such measures, in any manner and to any extent that may be required of her by the constituted authorities of the United States. " Resolved, Tl^at all plots, conspiracies and warlike demon- strations against the United States, in any section of the country, are treasonable in character, and whatever power of the Government is necessary to their suppression, should be applied to that purpose without hesitation or delay." The rapid progress and increasing strength of the PEEPAEATIONS FOE WAE IN PENNSYLVANIA. 47 relDellioTi, admonislied public men in tlie Nortli, and more especially in Pennsylvania, bordering on the rebellious dis- tricts, of tbe necessity for inaugurating efficient precaution- ary measures for tlie defence of botli State and National Governments. Accordingly, Governor Curtia, in a mes- sage addressed to tbe Legislature of Pennsylvania on tbe 9th day of •April, 1861, recommended tliat immediate pro- visions be made for the removal of the defects in the mili- tary system ; that arms be secured and delivered to citizens who would enter the military service of the State ; that the most efiective weapons be procured for the existing organi- zations, and that all possible means be employed to impart vitality and practical energy to the militia laws of the Commonwealth. The active preparations and the formid- able display of military strength in the Southern States, did not pass unheeded by the Executive of this State. He declared in this message, that " on whatever pretext these extraordinary military preparations may have been made, no purpose that may contemplate resistance to the enforce- ment of the law, will meet sympathy and encouragement from the people of this Commonwealth. Pennsylvania yields to no State in her respect for, and her willingness to pro- tect, by all needful guarantees the constitutional rights and constitutional independence of her sister States ; nor in fidelity to that Constitutional Union whose unexampled benefits have been showered alike upon herself and them." " Devoted to the Constitution and the Union, Pennsylva- nia offers no counsel, and takes no action in the nature of a menace ; her desire is for peace, and her object, the preserva- tion of the personal and political rights of citizens, the true sovereignty of States, and the supremacy of law and order." In response to this recommendation, the Legislature in three days perfected and passed a bill to organize the militia, and appropriated half a million of dollars for the purchase of arms and accoutrements. Thus while the olive branch was held out ahd its acceptance urged in terms of patriotic devotion, its rejection was not unexpected. The vigorous 48 HISTORY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA EESEEVES. preparation of the elements of the approaching contest, indicated that those who set them in motion, understood ■well the nature of the rising commotion, and were deter- mined to be ready for the fearful struggle.' On the 13th of April a bill was passed in the State Senate to define and punish treason. It forbid any citizen of the State to take a military commission from the enanies of the United States, or to give any aid or comfort whatsoever to the conspirators, and required all ofScers of the Pennsylva- nia volunteers to take an oath of allegiance to the United States. On the sanie day two new regiments raised for the United States, reported as ready for immediate service. Thus had the Grovernor, the Legislature and the people of Pennsylvania, promptly accepted the challenge of the sece- ders and prepared for war. Two days after the last of these transactions, the President of the United States issued the first proclamation calling for troops. The tidings of war, actually begun by the attack on Fort Sumter, and the promulgation of President Lincoln's call for seventy-five thousand volunteers, produced a profound sensation throughout the country. In the cities and princi- pal towns the people were moved to intense excitement. On the evening of the 15th of April, in Philadelphia, the feeling of exasperation in the public mind, especially wrought upon by the presence of persons suspected to be in the service of the conspirators, impelled the loyal and insulted populace to the very verge of mob violence. A vast multitude crowded in front of the ofl&ce of "The Pal- metto Flag" a newspaper recently commenced and believed to be controlled by secessionists, and demanded the proprie- tors to display the American flag. In order to assure the people that order wo\ild be maintained and the power of the Nation preserved inviolate in the City of Philadelphia, Mayor Henry appeared at a window with the national flag in his hand, and thus addressed the people : "Fellow-citizens: — Lend me your ears, as becoming good and loyal citizens — men loyal to your country and her PREPARATIONS FOR WAR IN PENNSYLVANIA. 49 honor. My fellow-citizens, no traitor shall rear his head or have a foothold in the city of Philadelphia. With the help of Almighty God, treason shall not raise its destructive hand to tear down.the flag of the Union. I call upon you now and for the future to protect this flag at the point of the bayonet, and at the cost of our lives. Fellow-citizens, while I conjure you to stand by the flag of the Union, do not forget the private rights of individuals ; be calm and resolute, defend your flag against treason, but act with prudence, and do not invade the rights or property of individuals." However widely the people had differed heretofore, on questions of public policy and in reference to political par- ties, they were unanimous in the defence of the Union and the enforcement of the laws. Political differences were sub- merged, and all men became of one mind .and vied with each other in efforts to punish treason and sustain the Gov- ernment. The quota of the State, under the call of the President, was fourteen regiments. All men gave them- selves up to the single labor of reinforcing the army of the United States. Troops were immediately put in motion, en route for the National Capital, and five hundred men, who arrived in -"Washington on the morning of the 18th of April, commanded by W. F. Small, of Philadelphia, were the first troops received from the States. Other States were equally zealous, but Pennsylvania being nearest the Capital, mani- fested a common energy and maintained her true position among the States, in being first with her troops, at the seat of war. . In his annual report for the year ending December, 1861, A. L. Eussell, Adjutant-General of the State of Pennsylvania, thus briefly relates the action of the people at this most critical period of the Nation's peril : "In response to the proclamation of the 15th of April last, by the President of the United States, calling out seventy-five thousand militia from the several States of the Union, to serve for three months, Pennsylvania not only 50 HISTORY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA EESERVE9. furnished promptly its assigned quota of fourteen regi- ments, but increased tlie number to twenty -five ; and sucli •was tlie patriotic ardor of the people, tbat tbe services of about thirty additional regiments had to be refused, — making in all more than one-half of the requisition of the President." In the organization of the Military Department of the State Government, Edward M. Biddle, of Carlisle, was appointed Adjutant- General, Eeuben C. Hale, Quarter- master-General and W. W. Irvin, Commissary-General of the State. Governor Curtin appointed on his staff, with the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel, John A. Wright, Thomas A. Scott and E. Biddle Eoberts. Colonels Wright and Scott, the former an extensive manufacturer of, and dealer in iron, and the latter the Vice-President of the Pennsylvania Eail- road, served the State gratuitously. Colonel Wright con- tinued on the staff during the War. Scott was appointed Assistant Secretary of War, and Eoberts was elected colonel of the Pirst regiment. A. L. Eussell, Joseph D. Potts and Craig Biddle were appointed to fill the vacancies, and in September Colonel Eussell was appointed Adjutant-General of the State, vacated by the resignation of General Biddle. On the 18th of April Camp Curtin was formed at Har- risburg, and all the organized militia in the State were ordered to that place for the purpose of more thorough or- ganization. The assault of the secessionists in Baltimore, on the Massa- chusetts troops on the 19th of April, induced Governor Curtin to issue an order that all troops from Pennsylvania should be thoroughly armed and equipped before leaving the State ; and about the same time, Simon Cameron, Secretary of War, requested that the regiments organized in Pennsyl- vania be clothed, subsisted and transported at the expense of the State. Adjutant-General Biddle addressed himself to the work with a practical energy that soon transformed the new recruits into soldiers, organized and armed for active service. In ten days from the date of the President's call on the State for fourteen regiments, twenty-five regiments, with PEEPAEATIONS FOR WAR IN PENNSYLVANIA. 51 arms, accoutrements and perfect organizations, numbering twenty thousand, nine hundred and seventy-nine men, were in the field. The public men of Pennsylvania were in the very lead of the most zealous spirits in the nation. They urged on the National Government the immediate organization of power- ful armies, that would overawe the conspirators, or crush their military forces at a single blow. Secretary Cameron exceeded all other Cabinet officers in energy, — he proposed at the beginning to call out five hundred thousand troops, and to use every element of strength within the reach of the Government, in order to meet and speedily overthrow the power of the rebels. Hon. Thaddeus Stevens, in State and National Councils, in his place in the House of Congress and in private circles urged, as a measure necessary for the public safety, and to preserve the honor of the Nation, that the Government should immediately call into the field an a^my of a million of men, — proclaim freedom to the slaves, and invite the emancipated negroes to join the army of the Union. This, he argued, would be the shortest and most efficient method of ending the rebellion; and hence, also, the most humane policy. The Secretary of "War made fall preparations for a long and severe contest. He provided munitions of war in proportions vastly dispro- fjortionate to the strength of the army ; but, contrary to the opinions of men of less forecast, greatly inadequate to the subsequent demands of the Government. Mr. Stevens con- tinued to plead for a large army, and Governor Curtin labored with unparalleled zeal to place the State of Penn- sylvania on a war footing that would enable the people to respond promptly and vigorously to every demand for men, imeans, and materials to prosecute the war. Though the .counsels of these men did not prevail, during the years of 'uncertain campaigns that followed, they did not depart from their original policy, which, two years later, was adopted by the administration at Washington. On the 20th of April Governor Curtin issued a proclama- 52 HISTORY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA BESEBVE3. tion convening the Legislature of Pennsylvania ii extra session. The proclamation was as follows: " Whereas, An armed rehellion exists in a portion of the States of this Union, threatening the destruction of the National Govern- ment, periling public and private property, and endangering the peace and security of this Commonwealth, aad inviting systematic piracy upon our commerce ; and, Wher-eas, Adequate provision does not exist by law to enable the Executive to make the military power of the State as available and efficient as it should be for the com- mon defence of the State and the General Government; and. Whereas, An occasion so extraordinary requires a prompt exercise of the Legislative power of the State ; therefore, I, Andrew G. Curtin, Governer of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, by virtue of the powers vested in me by the Constitution, do hereby convene the General Assembly of this Commonwealth, and require the members of the Senate and House of Eepresentatives to meet in their re- spective Houses in the Capitol, at Harrisbnrg, on Tuesday, the 30th day of April, A. D. 1861, at 12 o'clock, noon of that day, then and there to take into consideration and adopt such measures in the premises as the exigency may seem to them, in their wisdom, to demand." The members of the Legislature responding to the call, arrived at the Capitol on the appointed day, and during th# first hour of the session organized, received and read a Message from the Governor, appointed a committee to revise the military laws of the State, received a bill, which a member read in his place, for the relief and support of the families of such volunteers as are or may be hereafter accepted by the Governor ; also, a bill to stay executions in the collection of debts, and heard petitions of citizens from several counties, praying for a law, authorizing the Commis- sioners of the counties to appropriate money to aid in equip- ping and, supporting the citizen soldiery of those counties. In his Message to the Legislature, Governor Curtin said : " It is impossible to predict the length to which the mad- PHEPAEATIONS FOR WAB IN PENNSYLVANIA. 53 ness that rules the hour in the rebellious States shall lead u^ or when the calamities which threaten our hitherto happy country shall terminate. "We know that many of our people have already left the State in the service of the Grsneral Government, and that many more must follow. We have a long line of border on States seriously dis- affected, which should be protected. To. furnish ready sup- port to those who have gone out, and to protect our borders, we should have a well-regulated military force. I, there- fore, recommend the immediate organization, disciplining, and arming of at least fifteen regiments of cavalry and infantry, exclusive of those called into the service of the United States; as we have already ample warning of the necessity of being prepared for any sudden exigency that may arise, I cannot too much impress this upon you." When the first call for troops was published, in every part of the State, the people every where responded with unparalleled alacrity. The mechanic dropped his tools; the farmer left his plow in the unfinished furrow; mer- chants and clerks abandoned the counter ; judges, lawyers, and clients discontinued their suits; teachers closed their schools, and ministers left their pulpits at the first sound of the drum beating the call to arms; and, as a united people, offered their services to the Government. Business, home and family, were left to the care of a generous com- munity. Nor did they leave them to suffer. In all parts of the State the people responded promptly, and most gen- erously contributed of their means for the support of the families of those who had taken up arms and marched to the defence of the Nation. In some parts of the State the contributions of supplies like that of men, were wholly voluntary; in other districts, grand juries, courts and municipal corporations, recommended the appropriation of money from the public funds for the same purpose. At the recommendation of the Governor, the Legislature legal- ized these appropriations and gave the requisite authority to county commissioners to make farther appropriations of 54 HISTORY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA RESERVES. the public money for the support of the families of volun- teers, -whenever in their judgment circumstances should demand it. In addition to these public provisions for the benefit of the citizen soldiers who had so promptly taken up arms -in the defence of liberty and law, numerous societies were organized, composed chiefly of patriotic-ladies, who collected money and supplies of such articles of food and clothing as would add to the comfort of the soldier in health, or relieve the distress and pain of the sick and wounded. It is worthy of note, that the benevolent and patriotic women of Pennsylvania were the first to move in this labor of love, and that from the noble-souled women of this State, whose hearts, true to their Germanic origin, are ever respon- sive to the faintest cg,lls of humanity, other communities, in other States, learned the lessons of practical, loving-kind- ness to the defenders of the Union. One of the first of these societies for the care of the soldiers was organized in the city of Lancaster, on the 22d day of April, 1861. At the close of a sermon on Sunday, April the 21st, Rev. J. Isadore Mombert, an Episcopal clergyman, who, while in Europe during the Crimean war, had witnessed much suffering by the sick and wounded soldiers, recom- mended to the people that they form a society, having for its object the threefold purpose of " providing for our brave volunteers the necessary outfit, of preparing for the wants of the wounded, and of forming a volunteer corps of nurses both for home and for hospital duty." A meeting was called to be held in the Court House on the following day. At this meeting the society of " The Patriot Daughters of Lancaster" was formed, with Mrs. Eosina Hubley as Presi- dent; Mrs. Emanuel Eeigart, Vice-President; Miss Anna Slaymaker, Secretary; and Mrs. John F. Long, Treasurer. While the people were still in the Court House perfecting the organization of this society, a messenger announced that two companies, sent from Lancaster, were destitute of over- coats and blankets. Immediately a "repository" was desig- PREPARATIONS FOE WAR IN PENNSYLVANIA. 55 nated at whicli the desired articles would be received, and thus on the same day, the Society of Patriot Daughters entered upon their patriotic labors, which subsequently expanded and varied with the exigencies of the times. About the same time some of the ladies of the Muhlenburg family, in Eeading, organized a society for a like purpose. In other parts of the State, these noble examples were speedily imitated. In Philadelphia the citizens acted with a benevolence unparalleled in the extent of its bounteous distributions. On the breaking out of the rebellion, multitudes of troops arrived in this city on their way to Washington, hungry, thirsty, and wearied by the fatigues of long travel, and yet no provision had been made or was likely to be made to relieve their wants or to afford them rest. The citizens immediately and most generously rallied, and con- tributed towards these desirable ends as far as was prac- ticable in their individual capacities ; but the necessity for concerted action was every where apparent. On the 26th of May the Cooper Shop Volunteer Eefreshment Com- mittee, after feeding the soldiers upon the streets, opened the doors of the saloon, in order to better accommodate the patriotic men who were rushing forward to the Nation's Capital, and during the first two years of the war fed one hundred and seventy -four thousand nine hundred and forty- six soldiers passing through Philadelphia to and from the war. On the 27th of May the " Union Volunteer Eefreshment Saloon" was instituted. The committee procured a small building (formerly a boat shop and riggers' loft,) situated near the southwest corner of Washington and Swanson streets, and gradually increased its dimensions until twelve hundred men could be accommodated at one time at the tables, while the most ample facilities were furnished for washing, bathing, and writing letters. In this saloon nearly five hundred thousand men were received, entertained, and provided for during the first three years of the war. 56 HISTORY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA EESEBVES. In the hospital department of this establishment over thirteen thousand patients received treatment, and in the dormitory nearly forty thousand soldiers were lodged. The cooking apparatus was of suiEcient capacity to provide rations for fifteen thousand men per day. The annual expense of this saloon amounted to about twenty thousand dollars. These institutions were the free gifts of the citizens of Philadelphia, to the soldiers of the Union, who passed that way, either to or from the war. The President of the United States, the Governors of the States of Maine, New Hamp- shire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Ehode Island, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey and Pennsylvania, and many distin- guished citizens, formally expressed their thanks to the com- mittee for their noble liberality to the soldiers ; and in all the armies of the Nation the praise of the citizens of Phila- delphia was above that of any other people in the country. General Butler, then a colonel in command of the Sixth Massachusetts regiment, on his way to the seat of war, in a speech to the committee of the ladies and gentlemen of the Union Volunteer Refreshment Saloon, made the following significant remark : " In coming through New York city, we received a military reception ; but here in Philadelphia, we receive a substantial one, which does more to encourage and refresh the Union soldiers than any other that could be given." On the 16th of April Major-General R. Patterson, com- manding the Pennsylvania troops at Harper's Ferry, requested Governor Curtin to call out twenty-five additional regiments of infantry and one of cavalry, to serve during tbree months, and to be forthwith mustered into the service of the United States. Immediately on the receipt of this request, the summons to arms was telegraphed to every part of the State, and men organized in a day and started for the State Capital. The authorities at Washington, how- ever, had in the meantime determined not to receive any additional regiments to serve for three months, and hence FEEPAEATIOSrs FOR WAR IN PENNSYLVANIA. 57 the order of General Patterson was countermanded on -the 80th of AprQ. In response to this call, companies -were daily arriving at Harrisbnrg from every direction, and the State was literally swarming with troops, which the War Department would not receive. His Excellency the Governor, was therefore the more earnest in recommending that the Legislature should provide for the immediate .organization of these companies in a manner that would render them available in case the public safety required their services, and also to allay the clamor of the men, who had been stopped in the middle of their march, and told the order calling them to arms had been countermanded, and that their services would not be accepted by the War Department. On the 2d of May, the select committee consisting of Gideon J. Ball, Isaac A. Sheppard, Thomas Williams, Charles H. Hills, George W. H. Smith, Samuel M. Law- rence and Henry G. Leisenring, reported a bill which pro- vided for, and authorized a loan of three millions of dollars; gave the Governor power to appoint a major-general to have command of all the military forces of Pennsylvania ; also two brigadier-generals to be subject to the order of the Commander-in-chief; to appoint staff-ofBcers, to establish camps of instruction and to thoroughly organize the State forces. The biU was freely discussed and pd;ssed both branches of the Legislature, and on the 15th of May, received the Governor's signature and became a law of the Com- monwealth. As finally passed, it contained the following provisions: That the Comamnder-in-chief, in conjunction with the officers com- posing the grand staff of the militia of this Commonwealth, are hereby- authorized and required to organize a military corps, to be called the Keserve Volunteer Corps of the Commonwealth, and to be composed of liiirteen regiments of infantry, one regiment of cavalry, and one regi- ment of light artillery. The said regiments shall severally be composed of companies of like number, and to be armed and equipped, clothed, dis- ciplined, governed and officered as similar troops in the service of the United States, and shall be enlisted in the service of the State for a 58 HISTOBY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA BESEKTES. period not exceeding three years or for the war, unless sooner dis- charged, and shall be liable to be called into the service of this State at such times as the Commander-in-chief may deem their services ne- cessary, for the purpose of suijpressing insurrections, or to repel inva- sions, and furthei- to be liable to be mustered into the service of the United States at such times as requisitions may be made by the President of the United States. That the Commander-in-chief, in conjunction with the officers aforesaid, shall cause two or more camps of instructions, not exceeding eight, to be formed in different sections of the State, for the ac- commodation and instruction of said troops ; and the Governor shall ap- point suitable officers or drill-masters with the rank and pay of captains, whose duty it shall be to instruct said troops in the military art, conforming, as near as may be, to the plan of instruction, rules, regulations and discip- line adopted for similar troops in the service of the United States. That the Commander-in-chief shall cause the troops aforesaid to be drilled and instructed in such encampments, for and during such periods of time as he may deem necessary to perfect them in military art. That the several companies and regiments composing said volunteer corps shall be entitled to elect, and the Governor shall commission, officers similar in number and rank to those allowed like troops in the army of the United States : Provided, That the Governor shall have power to appoint and commission chaplains for said corps, and to designate their rank. That no troops shall be kept in camp longer than three months at any one time, except the Governor shall, upon the expiration of. said three months, deem the longer continuance of said troops necessary for the protection of the Connnon wealth, or shall have a requisition for troops from the President of the United States. That the Commander- in-chief, in conjunction with the grand staff as aforesaid, are hereby authorized and empowered to make and adopt all needful rules and regulations for the speedy and efficient organization of said Volunteer Reserve Corps, and for arming and equipping the same with the most approved style of arms and equipments ; and the officers and rank and file composing said volunteer corps shall be sworn or affirmed to sup- port the Constitution of this State, and the Constitution of the United States. Under previous calls for volunteers, the numbers accepted and mustered into the service of the United States were so insignificant in proportion to the numbers offered by the people, that there was throughout the State an increasing uneasiness lest there would not be opportunities for others to join the army. In the wave of enthusiasm that rolled over the State, swift as the lightnings that flashed along the wires the news of the fall of Fort Sumter, the able-bodied PEEPABATIONS FOE WAK IN PENNSYLVANIA. 59 men en masse rushed to arms, drilled, organized and armed, and besougM tlie authorities to accept their services. In the thorough comprehension of the situation, and the true con- ception of the magnitude of the impending danger, the State authorities of Pennsylvania were far in advance of the Government at "Washington, and the people of this great Commonwealth were even more sensitive to the perils of invasion that threatened their border counties, lying imme- diately tiorth of the territory claimed by the insurgents, than were their magistrates and military authorities. Such was the feeling throughout the State, that the adop- tion of precautionary measures by the Legislature, was but a prompt and necessary response to the demands of the people. "When it was ascertained that only a limited number of troops would be accepted by the National Government, believing that the army of the United States was wholly inadequate for the maintainance of order and for the protec- tion of public and private property, public-spirited citizens in all parts of the State, acting in the high and honorable capacity of sovereigns in a republic, organized and preserved intact at their own expense, military companies to be ready for emerg- encies, which they believed would speedily come. In many cases, men who had organized companies under a call for troops from the President of the United States, but which could not be accepted because of the great numbers offering, appealed to their fellow- citizens for, and bounteously re- ceived, contributions of means for the subsistence of their ■companies. At the time, therefore, of the passage of the Act creating the "Eeserve Corf)3 of the Commonwealth," more than a sufficient number of men to organize the regi- ments authorized by the law, had been offered to the Governor. The loan of three millions of dollars authorized in the Act, was taken by the capitalists, with a promptness that did honor to a loyal and patriotic people. Upon opening the bids for the loan, it was found that the whole amount had 60 HISTORY OF THE PENKSYLVAKIA EESERVES. been taken at par, and a large number of bids were in ex- cess. Thus the enthusiasm to volunteer in the armies, mani- fested by those who were able to endure the hardships of the service, found a worthy counterpart in the liberality of the wealthy citizens and corporations, who, with a com- mendable promptitude, supplied money to defray the military expenses of the State. Immediately after tte passage of the Act creating the Eeserve Corps, Governor Curtin invited George A. McCall, of Chester county, to accept the position of major-general provided for in the law. McCall accepted the appointment, and was confirmed a major-general of Pennsylvania troops by the Senate on the 16th of May, and on the same day entered upon his duties as commander of the Pennsylvania Eeserve Corps. General McCall was born in the city of Philadelphia on the 16th of March, 1802, and graduated at the "West Point Military Academy, 1822. In 1831 he received the appoint- ment of assistant adjutant-general on the staff of Major- General Gaines, who was then commanding the Western Department of the United States. In 1836 he was promoted to a captaincy in the Fourth regiment United States infantry. He served with his regiment in the war against the Florida Indians, and was recommended by General Worth for the brevet of major " for gallant conduct in the battle of Pela- licaha." Gen. Worth in recommending McCall for promo- tion said, "He will do more honor to the rank than the rank can confer on him." At the beginning of the war with Mexico, Captain McCall- accompanied his regiment to Corpus Christi, and marched under General Taylor to the Eio Grande. He participated in the battles of Palo Alto and Eesaca de la Palma, and received the brevets of major and lieutenant-colonel, "for gallant and distinguished conduct" in these battles. The citizens of Philadelphia also acknowledged his services by presenting to him an elegantly mounted sword. At the close of the war with Mexico, Lieutenant-Colonel PBEPARATIONS FOE WAR IIT PENNSYLVANIA. 61 McCall resigned his staff commission of assistant adjutant- general, and crossed the Atlantic to spend a year in Europe in the hope of regaining his health, which had been seriously impaired during the campaign in Mexico. "While in England, and also on the Continent, he obtained permission from the authorities to visit the military schools, fortifications, camps, barracks and hospitals, and thus in his tour acquired much useful knowledge, which subsequently he put into practice. On his return, he took command of the Third regiment United States infantry, stationed at Santa Fe. Before leaving Washington to asstime this command, he was required by the War Department to prepare a historical sketch of the newly acquired territory, embracing a statistical account of its population, mineral and agricultural resources and com- merical advantages. This "Eeport" was published by order of Congress. In 1850, McCall received from President Taylor the appointment of Inspector-General of the United States Army, with the rank of colonel of cavalry, which appoint- ment was unanimously confirmed by the Senate. Having made inspections of the troops and military posts in New Mexico, California and Oregon, Colonel McCall found his health again failing, and therefore in April, 1853, resigned his commission and retired from the service. After leaving the army. Colonel McCall devoted much of his time to scientific pursuits and made numerous valuable contributions to natural history. In 1855, he removed from his residence in Philadelphia to a farm in Chester county, where in retirement, enjoying the society of his family and friends, he remained until the rebellion of the Southern people and the bombardment of Fort Sumter called his country to arms. Immediately there- after, in April, 1861, Governor Curtin summoned Colonel McCall to Harrisburg to advise with him on the military organization of Pennsylvania. While at the capital he was unanimouslyelected colonel of the Tenth regiment of Penn- 62 HISTORY OF THE PENNSYLVAITIA RESERVES. sylvania Volunteers enlisted for three years or the war. Having declined the position, he was on the 15th of May appointed by the Governor of the State, Major-General of the Pennsylvania Eeserve Corps. General McCall without delay entered upon the work of organizing fifteen regiments of troops in the manner provided by law. On his stafij Henry J. Biddle, who graduated at West Point in 1835, was appointed assistant adjutant- general with the rank of lieutenant colo- nel. Henry Sheets, of Philadelphia, and Eldridge McConkey, of West Chester, who had' just graduated at Cambridge College, were appointed aids-de-camp. Subsequently Pro- fessor Henry Coppie, late Captain of United States Artil- lery, joined the staif as inspector-general of the corps. General McCall gave his personal attention to the orga- nization of the troops. The renowned regiment of skir- mishers known throughout the world as the "Bucktails," received his special care. The men were. armed with rifles and drilled to manoeuvre in wooded hills, swamps and ravines. Henry H. Smith, Surgeon-general of the corps, received orders from the general commanding to allow no man to pass through his inspection into the companies, who would not be received into the ranks of the regular army as physically unexceptionable. The surgeon strictly enforced this order, and to this military foresight is due- much of the gallantry and power of endurance the corps subsequently evinced. The riflemen were selected from those districts in the- State where game most abounds and the people are ac- customed to the use of the rifle ; the cavalrymen were re- cruited in the mountainous counties where the young men travel on horseback, and the entire body of infantry and artillery, was culled from the noblest sons of the industrious citizens of all classes in the State. The best materials in Pennsylvania were placed at the disposal of the command- ing general. Men, horses and munitions of war, were sup- plied in numbers and quantities that enabled the authorities to select materials proper for the most honorable and severe service a generous people could expect. PEEPABATIONS FOR WAE IN PENNSYLVANIA. 63 Througli the most -untiring efforts of Major-General McCall, heartily seconded by the State authorities, the or- ganization of the corps proceeded with such rapidity that on the 21st of June, two regiments were sent to the relief of the Eleventh Indiana regiment at Cumherland in the State of Maryland, and on the 21st of Jxiij, the whole corps responded to the call of the Commander-in-Chief of the United States Army, by marching to the defence of the Capital of the nation. Of the companies that were organized in response to General Patterson, which was countermanded on the 30th of April, many maintained their organizations and were variously distributed over the State. Some were still in the immediate vicinity of the homes of the men, others were at the county seats of the respective counties, in which they had been organized, and a few who had reached designated camps before General Patterson's order had been countermanded, remained there awaiting further orders. The first duty devolving upon General McCall, was the collecting of these companies into camps. It was found that a much larger number of companies applied for acceptance than could be received under the Act of the Assembly. Hon. Eli Slifer, Secretary of the Com- monwealth and Assistant Secretary Samuel B. Thomas en- deavored to apportion the companies throughout the State in an equitable ratio ; yet in many cases, when men were told their companies could not be accepted into the service, they turned away in tears and wept bitterly, because the honorable privilege of fighting in the defence of their country was denied them. The reqiiired number of companies which had been accepted were ordered into designated camps of instruction. On the 27th of May General McCall directed William B. Mann, Esq., of Philadelphia to take the organized compa- nies that had been mustered into the service of the State, in that city and march them to Easton. In accordance with instructions. Camp Washington, a camp of instruction, was established on the Fair-grounds at that place, and thirty com- 64: HISTORY OP THE PENNSYLVANIA BESEEVES. panics were ordered to rendezvous there for the purpose of forming three regiments. Most of these companies were from the city of Philadelphia and had maintained their or- ganizations from the time of the first call for volunteers in April. Colonel Mann was placed in command of the camp and proceeded at once to make arrangements to instruct the men in the manual of arms and in company and battalion drill. By a spe«ial order, dated at Harrisburg June 1, 1861, Captain Henry M. Mclntire, of the Brandywine Guards, was ordered to march his company to Camp Wayne, near West Chester, on Monday the 3d of June, to assume command of the camp and of all companies of the Eeserve Corps as they arrived at that post, until they were regularly organ- ized into regiments. In response to these orders, the " Brandywine Guards," company A, of Chester county, commanded by Captain H. M. Mclntire ; the " Union Guards," company B, of Lan- caster, Captain Thomas B.Barton; the "Slifer Phalanx," company C; of Delaware county. Captain Samuel A. Dyer; the "Safe Harbor Artillery," company D, of Lancaster county, Captain George H. Hess ; the " Lancaster Guards," company B, Lancaster ■ county, Captain Aldus J. Neff ; the "Archy Dick Eifles," company F, of Delaware county. Captain William Cooper Talley ; the " Phoenix Artillery," company G, of Chester county. Captain John E. Dobson ; the " Carlisle Light Infantry," company H, of Cumberland county. Captain Eobert McCartney ; the " Carlisle Guards," company I, of Cumberland county. Captain Lemuel Todd ; and the "Adams County Infantry," company K, of Adams county. Captain Edward McPherson, which companies sub- sequently constituted the First Eegiment, rendezvoused at Camp Wayne, near West Chester. On the 9th of June these companies held a meeting, as pro- vided in the Act authorizing the establishment of the corps, and proceeded to elect field officers and to organize the First regiment of the Pennsylvania Eeserve Corps. E. PREPASATIONS FOB WAR IK PENNSYLVANIA. 65 Biddle Eoberts, Esq., of Pittsburg, was elected colonel ; H. M. Mclntire, of the Brandywine Guards, lieutenant-colonel, and Lemuel Todd, of tlie Carlisle Guards, major of the regiment; Charles B. Lamborne was appointed adjutant, J. R. T. Coates,, quartermaster ; L. W. Read, surgeon ; B. D. Brenneman, assistant-surgeon, and Rev. John A. McGin- ley, chaplain. R. Biddle Roberts was born at Pittsburg, August 25, 1825. He is a son of Edward J. Roberts, Esq., for many years Clerk of the United States Court at that place and a soldier in the war of 1812 ; and a grandson of the Hon. Samuel Roberts, Judge of that district, and the author of "Roberts' Digest of the British Statutes." Mr. Roberts received a liberal education, and was early brought into public life as Clerk of Councils and Clerk of the District Court of the United States. He was admitted to the bar of his native county in 1850, and in 1853 was elected, by a large majority. District Attorney of the county, although nominated on the Democratic ticket, at a time when the Whig party had two thousand of a majority in the district. He discharged the duties of that office with marked ability, and retired in March, 1857, after having won a commanding position at the bar. President Bu- chanan appointed him District Attorney of the United States for the Western District of Pennsylvania, which posi- tion he held until the war broke out in 1861, when he retired from his professional pursuits with the kindest feel- ings of the bench and the bar. When the report of the reduction of Fort Sumter reached Pittsburg, Mr. Roberts was first lieutenant of a company of volunteer infantry, an organization of many years standing, called " The Duquesne Grays." The men had already ten- dered their services to the Government, under the call for seventy-five thousand men, for three months, and with them he determined to march ; while, however, he was arrang- ing hia papers and the affiiirs-of hia large and lucrative practice, he was caUed on by a committee of young men 66 HISTORY OF THE PENNSTLVAlSriA EESERVES. •who had just formed a volunteer company, called the "Zouave Cadets," with a request that he would take com- mand of them. He at once consented, conditioning that the company should be raised promptly. This the committee guaranteed to do, and in twenty-four hours Captain Eoberts found himself in command of ninety patriotic young men, and many others offering. The company was placed in the Twelfth regiment of three months men, and marched from Pittsburg on the 24th of April, in General Negley's brigade. On the 25th they were mustered into service at Harrisburg. Just before their muster, the officers of the brigade called at the Capitol to pay their respects to Governor Curtin ; while in the, executive chamber, the Governor stated to them that he required a gentleman of some military know- ledge and of good business qualifications to act upon his staff, and that he would be glad if they would recommend a person so qualified. The officers of the brigade consulted together, and in a short time unanimously recommended Captain Eoberts, who was at once appointed an aid-de-camp on the staff of the Governor, with the rank of lieutenant- colonel. The duties of this position, though extremely laborious, were faithfully discharged by Colonel Eoberts. "When the bill authorizing the Eeserve Corps was passed by the Legislature, Colonel Eoberts having expressed a wish to go into the field, was, on the 9th of June, elected colonel of the First regiment, which was organized at Camp Wayne, at "West Chester. Spon after his election, he assumed com- mand of the camp, and proceeded to perfect the organiza- tion and equipment of his own regiment and also of the Seventh regiment, which was organized at the same camp. On the 5th of June, Governor Curtin issued an order esta- blishing, a department of ordnance, and a department of transportation and telegraphing, and appointed Lieutenant- Colonel John A. "Wright chief of these departments. To this ofEcer was committed not only all the valuable ordnance of the corps, but also the making of all contracts and arrange- PEEPABATION'S FOR WAE. IN PENNSYLVANIA. 67 ments for transportation and telegrapMng required in organizing and moving the troops. Tlie companies in the western counties were ordered to march into the camps of instruction at Pittsburg, and those in the central portion of the State to Camp Cuitin, at Har- rishurg. These camps had been established under previous calls for volunteers. Colonel John McLean comma,nded at Pittsburg, and Colonel G. A. C. Seller at Harrisburg ; to these officers, company commanders arriving at the camp were ordered to report. When it had been determined by General McCall to organize a regiment' of rifle skirmishers, the following com- panies were selected to compose the regiment, on account of the superior skill of the men in the use of the rifle : The "Anderson Life Guards," company A, of Tioga county, com- manded by Captain Philip Holland; the Morgan Eifles," company B, of Perry county. Captain Langhorn Wistar ; the "Cameron County Eifles," company C, of Cameron county. Captain John A.Eldred; the "Eaftsmen's Guards," company D, of Warren county, Captain Eoy Stone; the " Tioga Eifles," company E, of Tioga county, Captain Alanson E. Niles; the "Irish Infantry," company F, of Carbon county, Captaiu Dennis McGee; the "Elk Eifles," company G, of Elk county, Captain Hugh McDonald ; the "Wayne Independent "Eifles," company H, of Chester county. Captain Charles F. Taylor; the "McKean Eifles," company I, of McKean county, Captain William T. B Ian- chard ; the " Eaftsmen's Eangers," company K, of Clearfield county. Captain Edward A. Irvin. All of these companies, in obedience to orders, had rendezvoused in Camp Curtin at Harrisburg, and on the 12th of June held a meeting for the purpose of organizing the regiment, by the* election of field officers. Thomas L. Kane, of McKean county, was elected colonel, but feeling that a regiment organized for a special service of' so much importance to the corps, and, indeed, to the whole army, should be comman4ed by an officer of experience, he subsequently resigned. The com- 68 HISTORY OF TUE PENNSYLVAJSTIA EESEEVEa. pany officers convened on the following day and ekcted Charles J. Biddle, Esq., of PMladelphia, colonel; Thomas L. Kane, lieutenant-colonel; Koy Stone, of the "Eaftsmen's Guards," major. John T. A. Jewett, of Warren- county, "was appointed adjutant of the regiment; Lieutenant W. H. Patton, of Clearfield county quartermaster ; S. D. Free- man, surgeon; W. T. Humphrey, assistant-surgeon, and Eev. W. H. D. Hatton, chaplain. The character and experience of Colonel Biddle made it eminently proper that the Eifle regiment of picked men, organized as a regiment of skirmishers, should be placed in his command. Charles John Biddle was born in Philadelphia in 1819 ; was educated at Princeton College; and was admitted to the bar in his native city in 1840. At the beginning of the war with Mexico, he raised a company for service under the Act _ of Congress adding ten regiments to the regular army. Captain Biddle's company was in the regiment of Voltigeuxs, of which the colonel was the present Paymaster- General T. P. Andrews, and the lieutenafft- colonel was Joseph E. Johnston, now a general in the Confederate army. This regiment rendered distinguished service in all the battles in the valley of Mexico, in the campaign of General Scott. Honorable mention of Captain Biddle's name appears in the official reports of Generals Scott, Worth,' Pillow, and Cadwalader, as published by Congress in 1847. In his report of the storming of Chapultepeo, General Scott names Captain Biddle as " one of the first in the assault," and his regimental commander, Colonel An- drews, in his report of the same action, further says of Cap- tain Biddle, "he joined us in the morning from a sick bed, against my- wish and' order." He received the brevet of major for "gallant and meritorious services," and was selected by General S. W. Kearny, as his aid-de-camp. At the end of the war, he resumed the practice of the law in Philadelphia. On the breaking out of the rebellion, he was chosen a PBEPAEATIOSrS FOB "WAE IN PENNSYLVANIA. 69 mem'ber of the " Committee of Safety," organized for tlie defence of Philadelphia, and gave much time and attention to raising^and drilling troops for that purpose. On the 13th of June, 1861, he accepted the command of the Thirteenth Eeserve regiment, afterwards more widely known as the "Bucktails;" at the same time he was placed in command of Camp Curtin. He left Harrisburg on the 21st of June, 1861, in com- mand of a detachment of the Eeserve Corps, consisting of his own regiment, the Fifth, Colonel Seneca G. Simmons and a battery of the First Pennsylvania Artillery. General McClellan, in that portion of his report which treats of his campaign in "Western Virginia, commends the "great ac- tivity and intelligence displayed by Colonel Charles J. Bid- die," while commanding a brigade. During the period of his military service, an election for Congress was held in Philadelphia, to fill a vacancy in the representation of the second district. Colonel Biddle was elected, but believing his service in the field more^aluable to his country he did not attend the first session of the Congress. He declined a brigadier-gen- eral's commission which was tendered to him soon after his election, replying that the acceptance of it was "incom- patible with the civil trust which he had just accepted from the people of the second district of Pennsylvania." At the time of the second session of Congress, in December, 1861, Colonel Biddle was with his regiment on the Potomac, near Washington City, and as it was known that the army was to pass the winter in that position, his constituents desired him to take his seat in the House of Eepresentatives. He obtained leave of absence to visit Philadelphia, where he was received by his fellow-citizens with becoming honors. In a written address they referred in complimentary lan- guage to his military services, and urging him to take his seat in Congress, the committee said : " The circumstances attending your recent election to this body, the strong declaration of the wishes and expectations 70 HISTOBT OF THE PENNSYLVANIA EESEBVE3. of your constituents, in conferring upon you, during your absence witli the army and without solicitation on your part, a position attended at this time with peculiar responsibility, are, we trust, such as may induce you to relinquish, at least for the present, that military life in which, through more than one campaign, you have already earned a just distinction." To this Colonel Biddle replied : " It has been my earnest desire, at this great juncture in our National affairs, to give my humble services where they may be most useful to my country. With this pur- pose I tftok the field ; and holding, during the period of the extra session, a separate and important command> I did not feel at liberty to quit it to take the seat in Congress to which you had, in my absence, elected me. " It is true that, according to high authorities, I might at once hold the two positions ; but it is plain that I could not perform the duties of both, and, waiving the bare legal question, it seems to me to be incompatible with the charac- ter of a representative and a legislator to be a paid officer, subject to the orders of the Executive, and' present in his place only by the revocable leave of a military superior. I have, therefore, reached the conclusion that your represen- tative must not now be thus trammelled : yet, should the tide of war, indeed, roll around the National Capital, I hope that my brethren in arms will find room in their ranks for one soldier more." The resignation of Colonel Biddle as colonel of the " Buck* tails" was accepted by the Secretary of War December 12, 1861. While the enemy continued to threaten the Capital from Mannassas, he held the position of volunteer aid to General Andrew Porter, then commanding ia Washington City. Two days after receiving his commission Colonel Biddle reported for duty to General McCall. He was ordered to join his regiment at Camp Curtin and to assume command of the encampment. He repaired at once to the post of duty and commenced the work of organizing and disciplining th© PREPARATIONS FOR WAR IN PENNSYLVANIA. 71 .companies that were daily arriving in camp. The rigid mil- itary discipline enforced by Col. Biddle, was new and, in a measure, distasteful to the volunteer soldiers, who had so recently been of the sovereign people. Though while in Camp Curtin some of the men murmured, after engaging in active service and through all their long and severe cam- paigns the companies and regiments attributed due credit to the lessons of militapy duty learned while in camp at Harrisburgi The "Jersey Shore Eifles," company A, of Lycoming county, commanded by Captain H. 0. Ulman; the "Taggart Guards," company B, of Northumberland county, Captain James Taggart ; the " Washington Cadets," company C, of Clearfield county. Captain J. 0. Loraine ; the "Slifer Guards,"' coinpany D, of Union county, Captain Thomas Chamber- lain ; the " Centre Guards," company B, of Centre county. Captain John I. Gregg; the "Bradford Union Guards," company F, of Bradford county. Captain A. J. Trout ; the "Huntingdon Infantry," company G, of Huntingdon county, Captain A. S.Harrison; the " Pollock Guards," company H, of Northumberland county, Captain John McCleery; the " Scott Infantry," company I, of Huntingdon county. Cap- tain George Dare, and the " Cootman Eangers," company K, of Lancaster county. Captain J. W. Fisher, were ordered to report to the commanding of&cer at Camp Curtin. On the 20th of June these companies organized them- selves into the Fifth regiment of the Eeserve Corps, by electing Captain John Irving Gregg, of Centre County, colonel; Captain J. W. Fisher, of Columbia, lieutenant- colonel ; and Captain George Dare, of Huntingdon county, mgjor of ^he regiment. The following day Colonel Gregg resigned the colonelcy of this regiment to accept an appointment in the regular army. Seneca G. Simmons, a captain in the regular army was elected and commissioned to fill the vacancy. Colonel Simmons was a man thoroughly "educated in the science of military tactics, and was a soldier by profession 72 HISTORY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA EESEEVES. and experience. His service in the regular army emi- nently fitted him to command the mea who had chosen him to be their colonel. Lieutenant A. Gr. Mason, of the Brad- ford Union Guards, was appointed adjutant; John Bigler, quartermaster; John S. Carpenter, surgeon; and W. F. Marsh, assistant-surgeon of the regiment. The original strength of each company, in conformity to the army regulations, was limited to seventy-seven men, including officers and privates ; but on the 20th of June instructions were issued from the headquarters of the Corps, at Harrisburg, to commanders of regiments and companies, to establish recruiting rendezvous and fill up- as rapidly as possible, the companies to the full maxinium strength of one hundred and one men, the number authorized by the War Department under General Order of May 14th. « In obedience to these instructions, the work of recruiting was begun, and in a few days the ranks of all the companies were filled with men, who rejoiced at the opportunity thua oflfered to enter the service. On the 2l8t of June, General Winfield Scott, Commander- in-chief of the United States army, telegraphed from Wash- ington to Governor Curtin, at Harrisburg, requesting him to send immediately two regiments of Pennsylvania troops to the relief of Colonel Lew. Wallace, xjommanding the Eleventh Indiana regiment, at Cumberland, in the State of Maryland. On the same day General McCaU ordered Colonel Charles J. Biddle to march, without delay, with his own regiment and the Fifth, conamanded by Colonel Simmons, and Battery A, First Pennsylvania Artillery, -commanded by Captain Charles T. Campbell, to the relief of Colonel Wallace. The brigade comprising these regiments and the battery, was at once placed in cars on the Pennsylvania Eailroad, oppo- site Camp Curtin; the trains moved westward early on Saturday morning until they arrived at Huntingdon, and thence over the Huntingdon and Broad Top railroad to Hopewell, where the command camped during the night of the 22d of June. PEEPARATIONS FOE WAK IN PENNSYLVANIA. 73 The citizens along tlie line of the railroad cheered on the soldiers as they hurried away to the threatened border. At the stations where the teains stopped, baskets of provisions were distributed to all who could partake. The ladies of Huntingdon, however, excelled in their attention to the marching brigade. An ample dinner had been provided for the coming soldiers, of which they partook most freely, and filled their haversacks with the choicest dainties. Early on Sunday morning the command resumed the march moving in the direction of Bedford Springs. At Bloody Eun the command halted to partake of a dinner prepared by the citizens of that village. The brigade en- camped that night near Bedford Springs, where it remained three days. This fipst day's march of twenty-three miles, through sand and dust, beneath a burning sun ; the first night's sleeping on the ground, without bed or covering, and the drenching rain that poured down on the men during the night, appro- priately formed the introduction to the campaigns that fol- lowed, and, which in results were honorable, as in execution they were severe. Colonel Biddle had received instructions to move his com- mand to a convenient camping ground near the State line, and there await further orders. The object of the demon- stration was to assure the people in the border counties, by the presence of an organized force, that they would be pro- tected against inroads from Virginia through Maryland; and also to be within supporting distance to Colonel Wallace. The command moved from Camp McCall, near Bedford Springs, and after two days' marching reached the Mary- land State line where Camp Mason and Dixon was estab- lished, in which the troops remained two weeks. While statesmen discussed the constitutional propriety of passing State troops beyond the State limits. Colonel Biddle diligently instructed his command in military movements and prepared it to render efficient service whenever oppoi- tunity should offer. 74 HISTOBT OF THE PENNSYLVANIA EESEEVES. On tke 7t]i of July, the citizens of Cumberland, becoming alarmed by a report that a body of rebel cavalry was about to make a raid into that place, urgecf the colonel command-- ing the brigade, to occupy the city and protect the lives and property of the citizens. The troops broke camp at night and arrived in Cumberland at twelve o'clock. , They sur- rounded the town and laid on their arms till daylight, await- ing the approach of the enemy, who, however, learning of the arrival of so large a force, did not attempt to execute his designs. Colonel Biddle then directed his command to occupy the camps that had been previously occupied by the Indiana regiment. From this point scouting parties were frequently sent out to reconnoitre the country in every direction. These expe-t ditions were intrusted to the command of Lieutenant-Colonel Thomas L. Kane of the BucktaU r^ment. One of the most considerable of these excursions was made to New Creek on the 12th of July. The day after the scoutmg party had left camp, the entire command followed and camped about two miles from New Creek towards Cumberland. Lieut tenant- Colonel Kane posted his men in a house a short disi tance from the village on the road towards Eomney. Before daylight on Sunday morning, a great noise was heard at the New Creek depot ; a detachment of men was sent from the house to ascertain the cause of the uproar, and were inr stiructed, if they discovereid the enemy, to fire on him and re-i treat to the house so as to draw his forces under fire of the concealed riflemen. The skirmishers advanced within one hundred yards of the enemy, delivered their fire and retired towards the house, closely pursued by the enemy's cavalry^ men. "When the troopers came within easy range they re- ceived a well-aimed volley of rifle shot which emptied their saddles and caused the precipitate flight of the whole force, leaving Lieutenant-Colonel Kane and his party in quiet pos- session of the village. , In his report of the affair to Colonel Biddlo, Lieutenantn Colonel Kane says : PBEPAEATIONS FOR WAK IN PENNSYLVANIA. 75 "The enemy's cavalry rode into tlie village boldly and had commenced sacking it and hunting for the Union men, whom the news of our approach had brought from their hiding places in the mountain, when I pent out a squad with the rifles which I borrowed from Captain Kesley of Cumber- land, to open a fire on their right flank. They had first murdered Kelly, a youth from Cumberland, when our fire compelled them to form and make a dash at my quarters, where they were confident, as they were assured by the secessionists of the town, they would effect a complete sur- prise. They came up in fine order, but broke and ran on receiving a fire which was reserved till they were ready to dismount. Lieutenant Boughton of the 3d Yirginia cavalry regiment, and privates Bosley and Miller, fell at the first volley mortally wounded. A number were wounded who died along the road by which they effected their retreat. The number of the wounded has not been ascertained. The rebel infantry who were drawn up to cut off our retreat, did not venture near enough to take any serious part in the en gagement, but fled with the cavalry." The scouting party, numbering about two hundred and fifty men, followed the retreating enemy. At Eidgeville, a small village nine miles from New Creek, on the road leading to Romney, the enemy was discovered in the woods; a few shots were exchanged without taking effect. The enemy retreated precipitately towards Romney. Kane's men took possession of a stone building near the village. They removed the furniture, barricaded the doors and wini- dows, and converted the building into a secure fortress. In this position they awaited the arrival of reinforcements. At noon on Sunday, Captain A. J. Trout, commaading a detachment, comprising the " Jersey Shore Rifles," Captain Ulman; the "Bradford Union Guards," Captain Trout, of the Fifth regiment, and the "Morgan Rifles," Captain "Wistar, of the Rifle raiment, was sent to occupy Piedmont, and to defend it against an attack threatened by a body of the enemy's cavalry. 76 HISTOBY OF THE PENNSTIiVAlIIA BESEBVB3. On Monday, Colonel Simmons directed Lieutenant- Colo- nel Fisher, of tlie Fifth regiment, to take Captain Loraine's company, of the Fifth, and Captain HoUand's and Captain McDonald's companies of the Eifle regiment, and place them in position to guard against surprise, and to defend the vUlage of New Creek. Both detachments moved promptly to the execution of the duties assigned to them. When Captain Trout arrived at Piedmont, he found the people in a state of intense excitement, momentarily expect- ing the arrival of the Confederate troops. No time was lost in placing the small force in position for defence. The Morgan Eifles were placed in a stone store house owned by a Mr. Hendrickson. The men removed the windows and doors, and erected barricades in the passages. The main force of the guard occupied the brick market house and pre- pared to resist an attack. The enemy did not approach until Monday night at half-past nine o'clock, when a party of cavalry attacked the picket station on the hill to the eg.st of the village. The picket guard obstinately maintained its position, and was rapidly reinforced from the station at the market house. After an irregular attack, lasting about an hour, in which he lost four men, the enemy retired. The Union troops suffered no loss. As Colonel Biddle's brigade approached New Creek, the advance guard was met by a lady, near a bridge that had been destroyed by the rebels. She was Mrs. Dayton, who came out to guide the advancing scouts to the enemy's camp. After proceeding a short distance, she introduced to the commanding o£&cer her two daughters, who, relieving their mother, took up* the lead, and, marching at double- quick time, never faltered until they reached the village and learned the strength and position of the enemy. On the 16th of July, the brigade broke camp north of the Potomac and crossed the river. The bridge having been destroyed, it was necessary to transport the baggage on the backs of the men, to the top of the embankment on the south side. The day was consumed in this tedious PKEPAEATIONS FOE WAS IN PENNSYLVANIA. 77 labor, so that it was evening when the command arrived at New Creek. As the troops were preparing to go into camp, a messenger arrived from Lientenant-Colonel Kane asking for immediate relief. Orders were given to march, and, in a few minutes the whole command moved towards Eomney. The road led up a narrow vallej, watered by New Creek, to a point where the Eomney turnpike turns up the moun- tain in a northern direction. The farmers, who were har- vesting their grain crops, hailed with joy the arrival of the National forces, and told marvelous stories of the battle re- ported to be raging near Eomney. The command reached the position occupied by Kane's men at nine o'clock in the night and found them securely fortified in the stone house. In obedience to orders from Greneral McClellan, who commanded the department of Western Virginia, Colonel Biddle did not advance against the enemy's position at Eomney, but withdrew his conimand to the camp at New Creek, and on the 20th, marched to Piedmont. The damage flone to the Baltimore and Ohio railroad by the Virginia secessionists had been fully repaired and communication was opened between Baltimore and Wheeling. The privates in the Fifth regiment, took possession of the office of the Piedmont Independent, whose editor, A. S. Trowbridge, had been driven from his home by the rebels, and issT*d a newspaper called The Pennsylvania Reserve, which was the first of a great number of similar publications issued during the war by the editors and printers in the volunteer army. After the battle of BuU Eun, Colonel Biddle's brigade was ordered to return to Harrisburg, and on the 27th of July, took up. the march towards Hopewell and thence by railroad arrived at Camp Curtin on the last day of the month. Thus, after forty days of service, ended the first campaign made by troops of the Pennsylvania Eeserve Corps. 78 HISTORY OF THE PENKSYLVANIA EESERVES. CHAPTEE in. OKGANIZATIOIT. Regiments organized in Camp Washington, Easton — Colonel Mann —Colonel Sickel— Colonel March— Organization of the Sixth regiment, Camp Curtin— Organization of the Seventh regiment, Camp Wayne— Eegiments organized in Camp Wilkins — Colonel Hays — Regiments in Camp Wright — Colonel McCalmont — Colonel Gallagher— Twelfth re^- ment In Camp Curtin — Colonel Taggert — McDowell's advance — Battle of Bull Run — Call for the Reserve €orps — Marching of regiments — Passage through Baltimore — Arrival at Washington — Camp formed at Tenallytown — First regiment at Annapol's— Artillery regiment — Organ- ization of the Fifteenth regiment, cavalry. The call for two regiments of infantry and a battery of artillery to be sent into active service, convinced the State authorities of the importance of the speedy organization of the Eeserve Corps. The departments at Harrisburg were worked to the fullest capacity to prepare materials to arm and equip the regiments, and General McCall urged forward the organizations and advanced the instructions, as rapidly as the circumstances would admit of. The captain* of com- panies who had been ordered to report with their men at the camps of instruction, came forward with commendable promptness and submitted themselves and their companies to the orders of the commanding general. The thirty companies in Camp Washington, at Easton, though active in learning the company drills, did not form themselves into regiments, untH the 21st of June, when, by order of General McCall, the following companies from the city of Philadelphia, were constituted the second regiment.; The "Penn Eifles," company A, commanded by Captain George A. "Woodward; the "Governor's Rangers," com- pany B, Captain Patrick McDonough; the "Hibernian OBGANIZATIOK. 79 Target Company," company G, Captain James N. Byrnes; tlie "Governor's Eangers," company D, Captain Eichard ElHs; the "Scotch Eifles," company E, Captain John Orr Finnie; the "Governor's Eangers," company F, Captain Thomas Bringhurst; the "Taggart Guards," company G, Captain Evan M. Woodward ; the " Independent Eangers," company H, Captain Timothy Mealey; the "Constitution Eangers," company I, Captain William Knox, and the " Con- solidation Guards," company K, Captain Patrick J. Smith, In the election held by these companies, William B, Mann, Esq., of Philadelphia, was elected colonel; Albert L. Magilton, lieutenant-colonel, and William McCandless, major. AugustusT. Cross, was appointed adjutant; Charles F. Hoyt, quartermaster ; Thomas B. Eeed, surgeon, and J. W. Lodge, assistant surgeon of the regiment. William B. Mann,' through whose exertions the Second Eeserve regiment was called into existence, was born in Bur- lington county, New Jersey, on the 27th day of November, 1816. His father, the Eeverend William Mann, is a highly respected member of the Methodist ministry, and was, at the time of William's birth, a teacher of considerable emi- nence. When he was four years old, his parents removed to Philadelphia, of which city Mr. Mann has remained a resident. He was educated under the immediate care of his father, until he reached his eighteenth year, when he entered upon the study of the law, in the office of Hon. Charles Naylor, a gentlemen of excellent reputation as a lawyer, and a member of the National Congress. He was admitted to practice at the Philadelphia Bar, in 1838. Mr. Mann rose rapidly in distinction in the practice of law, and had long been widely and favorably known to the inhabitants of the city, in which he lived. Without neglect- ing the duties of his profession, early in life, he took an active part in th^ political questions, which engaged the public mind, and soon became a leader in the party with whom his opinions led him to associate. In 1858, when William B. Eeed, became the District Attorney of the city 80 HISTOEY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA BESEBVES. of PhiladelpUa, Mr. Mann -was associated with that gentle- man in conducting the public prosecutions. In 1856 he was elected District Attorney for Philadelphia, and was subsequently twice re-elected to that position ; once in 1859, and again in 1862. His intimacy with the minutest details of the duties of his position, his energy and quick- ness in the prosecution of the cases submitted to him, and his thorough acquaintance with the criminal law, recom- mended him strongly to the citizens of Philadelphia, whose confidence he possesses regardless of party distinction. When, in 1861, the State of Pennsylvania summoned into the field a Eeserve Corps, Mr. Mann directed his efforts to the organization of a regiment. No time or labor was spared to place the men at the disposal of the State authori- ties at the earliest possible period. The companies were recruited in Philadelphia and ordered to Camp Washington at Easton ; in organizing the regiment, they elected Mr. Mann to the colonelcy. It was not the intention of Colonel Mann, at the time he accepted the position, to remain permanently in command. Like many citizens at that time of patriotic fervor, he felt that his country demanded his best exertions. In the very outset, therefore, of his military career, he had determined to recruit a regiment and remain in service only through one campaign, and, having placed his men in the field and instructed them in the performance of their duties, it was his intention to. return to the exercise of his civil pursuits and to give his support to the Government in a sphere yielding, perhaps, less distinction, but requiring equal devotion to the Union. An Act of Assembly was passed enabling him to appoint a deputy to perform his duties during his. temporary absence. In November, 1861, thereforCj when the army went into winter quarters. Colonel Mann tendered his resignation of the command of the Second regiment, and upon its accept- ance, took leave of his companions in. arms, and returned to his civil position. The following companies were constituted the Third OEGANIZATION. SI regiment: tlie "Second Beading Artillery," company A, of Berks county, commanded by Captain Jacob Lenbart, Jr. ; tbe " Salem Independents," company B, of Wayne county, Captain William D. Curtis ; tbe " Union Eifles," company C, of Bucks county. Captain David V. Feaster ; the " Me- chanics' Infantry," company D, of Berks county, Captain William Briner; the "De Silver Greys," company E, of Philadelphia, Captain John Clark ; the " Washington Guards," company F, of Berks county. Captain Washington Eichards; the "Germantown Guards," company G, Philadelphia county. Captain Eichard H. Woolworth; the " Applebachville Guards," company H, of Bucks county. Captain Joseph Thomas; the "Montgomery "Guards," company I, of Bucks county. Captain William S.. Thompson ; and the " Ontario Infantry," company J, of Philadelphia, Captain Horatio G, Sickel. These companies elected Horatio G. Sickel of Philadel- phia, colonel; William S. Thompson of Bucks county, lieutenant-colonel ; and Eichard H. Woolworth of Philadel- phia, major of the regiment. Albert H. Jameson of Eeading, was appointed adjutant ; Franklin S. Bickly of the same place, quartermaster; James Collins, of Philadelphia, sur- geon; George L. Pancost of the same place, assistant surgeon, and Eeverend William H. Leake, chaplain. Horatio G. Sickel was born in Bucks county, Penn- sylvania, April 3rd, 1817, and for many years resided in the city of Philadelphia, where he was engaged in the manufacturing and mercantile business. He was also a practical soldier, having held a commission in the uniformed militia of the State of Pennsylvania, since August, 1841. At the breaking out of the rebellion and at the call of the President for seventy-five thousand troops, in April, 1861, Captain Sickel recruited a company in Philadelphia, ealled the " Ontario Infantry," and tendered his services to the Governor of the State, on the 20th of April. The general uprising of the North and the pressure upon the_ Governor at that time, precluded the acceptance of this com- 6 82 HISTORY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA BESERVES. party, under the first call. Captain Sickel, however, kept his company intact and under daily instruction, until the passage of the Act authorizing the "Eeserve Corps." The i3ompany was then accepted and naustered into service, at Philadelphia. His military prestige at once gave to Captain Sickel the confidence of the officials, and he was placed in command of six companies, accepted from the city, and was ordered to report with his command at Camp Washington at Baston, where he arrived with his companies on the 29th of May. Upon the organization of the Third regiment, he was elected colonel, and immediately entered upon the work of drilling his command. The Fourth regiment was organized on the same day, by the following companies : The "Able Guards," company A, of Philadelphia, Captain John Schoenewald ; the " Quaker City Guards," company B, of Philadelphia, Captain Eobert M. McClure ; the " Montgomery Eifles," company C, of Montgomery county. Captain Isaiah W. Kimble ; the "Dickson Guards," company D, of Philadelphia, Captain Nathan J. Taylor ; the " Williamsport Legion," company E, of Lycoming county. Captain Francis H. Burger; the "JSTational Guards of Monroe," company F, of Monroe county. Captain George B. Keller ; the "Harmer Guards,'' company G, of Philadelphia, Captain Thomas F. B. Tapper ; the " Susquehanna Union Volunteers," company H, of Sus- quehanna county, Captain Elisha B. Gates; the "Eeed Guards," company I, of Philadelphia, Captain Henry Ein- wechter, and the "Enton Guards," company K, of Chester county, Captain William Babe. Eobert G. March, of Philadelphia, was elected colonel; John F. Gaul, lieutenant-colonel, and Eobert M. McClure, major of this regiment. John Nyce was appointed adju- tant ; A. A. Leehler, quartermaster ; Adolphus Patze, sur- geon ; Wm. T. W. Dickerson, assistant surgeon, and Eev. Edwin Marks, chaplain. Eobert G. March was born in the city of Philadelphia, OEGANIZATION. 83 Octoter 5th, 1819. At the age of ten years he was left an orphan and was indentured as an apprentice to the morocco manufacturing business. After reaching the age of majority, he went to Virginia, where he commenced his military training in a volunteer company organized in Alexandria, and received a commission dated May 2d, 1842, signed by President Tyler. After his return to Philadelphia, he several times held the position of captain in the military organizations in the city. At the commencement of the rebellion he volunteered his services to the Governor of Pennsylvania, and was com- missioned by Governor Curtin, on the 23d of April, 1861, to recruit a regiment, which he accomplished at his own expense, and was ordered to proceed with six companies to Camp Washington, at Easton. On the 21st of June, when the Fourth regiment was organized, he was elected to the colonelcy. Colonel March served with his regiment until October, 1861, when, on account of physical disability, engendered by over-exertion in camp, he tendered his resignation. As Colonel March was about leaving his command, at Tenallytown, he received a memorial, signed by all of the commissioned officers in the companies of his command, expressing their esteem for him as an of&cer, and their regret that the state of his health made it necessary for him to resign his commission as commander of the regi- ment. On the 22d of June, the day on which the brigade com- manded by Colonel Biddle marched from Camp Curtin, there remained in the camp ten companies: The "Iron Guards," company A, of Columbia county, Captain Wel- lington H. Ent ; the " Union Guards," company B, of Snyder -'county. Captain Chas. D. Eoush ; the " Honesdale Guards," company C, of Wayne county, Captain Jno. S. Wright ; the "Washiigton Eifles," company D, of FrankKn county. Captain Wm. D. Dixon; the "Montour Eifles," company B, of Montour county. Captain M. H. Manly ; the " Nortlaern 84 HISTOET OF THE PENN-SYLVANIA EESEBVE3. Invincibles," company F, of Bradford county, Captain Daniel Bradbury; the "J. D. Cameron Infantry," company G, of DaupMn county, Captain Jacob Eehrer; the "Tioga Invincibles," company H, of Tioga county, Captain Julius Sherwood; the "Towanda Eifles," company I, of Bradford county. Captain W. H. H. Gore, and the "Susquehanna Volunteers," company K, of Susquehanna county, Captain John ShuU. These companies organized the Sixth regiment, and elected W. W. Eicketts, of Columbia county, colonel; William Penrose, lieutenant-colonel ; and Henry J. Madil, major. Henry B. McKean was appointed adjutant ; E. fl. McCoy, quartermaster; Charles Bower, surgeon; L. Eing Jones, assistant surgeon, and Eev. Samuel Jessup, chaplain of the regiment. On the 26th of June, the following named companies in Camp "Wayne, at West Chester, organized the Seventh regi- ment: The "Carlisle Fencibles," company A, of Cumberland ' county. Captain E. M. Henderson ; the " Biddle Eifles," company B, of Perry county. Captain John Jameson ; the "Iron Artillery," company C, of Lebanon county. Captain E. G. Lantz ; the " Eifle Guards," company D, of Clinton county, Captain Chauncy A. Lyman; the "Eidgway Guards," company B, of Philadelphia, Captain Chas. S. 'Peall ; the " Wyoming Bank Infantry," company F, of Luzerne county. Captain Elisha B. Harvey; the "Second Philadelphia Guards," company G, of Philadelphia, Captain John G. Chapman ; the " Cumberland Guards," company H, of Cumberland county. Captain Joseph Totten; the "Myers- town Eifles," company I, of Lebanon county. Captain Jerome Myers ; and the " Douglas Guards," company K, of Phila- delphia, Captain Casper Martino. The companies elected Elisha B. Harvey, of Luzerne county, colonel; Joseph Totten, lieutenant-colonel; and Chauncy A. Lyman, major of the regiment. Alexander B. Sharps was appointed adjutant ; Charles A. Lane, quarter- ORGANIZATIOSr. 85 master ; Alfred W. Green, surgeon ; Thomas Jones, assist- ant-surgeon, and A. Judson Furman, chaplain. Elisha B. Harvey, at the time the rebellion broke out, was practicing law at Wilkesbarre. He immediately closed his business and recruited a company, which formed part of the regiment which Colonel Harvey was elected to command. The Eighth regiment was organized at Camp Wilkins, near Pittsburg, on the 28th of June, by the following com- panies : The " Armstrong Rifles," company A, of Armstrong county, Captain L. S. Oantwell ; the " Jefferson Eiflemen," company B, of Dauphin county. Captain Eobert B. Johnson ; the "Anderson Cadets," company C, of Alleghany county, Captain Geo. S. Hays ; the " Brownsville Greys," company D, of Fayette county, Captain C. L. Conner ; the " Duncan Guards," company E, of Philadelphia and Alleghany county, Captain John Duncan ; the " Hopewell Eifles," company F, of Bedford county, Captain John Eichelberger; the' "Fayette Guards," company G, of Fayette -county. Captain Jesse B. Gardner; the "Clarion Union Guards," company H, of Clarion county, Captain William Lemon ; the " Greene County Eangers," company I, of Greene county, Captain S. M. Baily, and the "Hopkins Infantry," company K, of "Washington county, Captain Alex. Wishart. , Dr. George S. Hays, of Herriotsville, was elected colonel ; S. Duncan Oliphant, lieutenant-colonel, and J. B. Gardner, major of the regiment. John G. Swearingen was appointed adjutant; Gilbert L. Eberhart, quartermaster ; H. A. Lich- tenthaler, surgeon ; H. K. Neff, assistant surgeon, and Eev. William Aiken, chaplain. George S. Hays was born in Alleghany county, Pennsyl- vania, September 28, 1807. He received a medical educa- tion and practiced his profession nineteen years in his native county. In the spring of 1861, when the Southern rebels attacked Fort Sumter, Dr. Hays was living on his farm, engaged in stock raising. At the caU to arms, he raised a company, composed of the sons of his neighbors, and, in 86 HISTORY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA EESEEVES. obedience to orders received from General McCall, marclied ' ■witli it, to Camp Wilkins, soon after the passage of the Act providing for a Eeserve Coa-ps. Dr. Hays had for three years commanded the " Duquesne Greys," of Pittsburg ; the military experience acquired in that position, and the repu- tation he enjoyed in the community, secured for him the election to the colonelcy of the Eighth regiment. Colonel Hays commanded his regiment until the termination of the Peninsular compaign, when he resigned, on account of the injuries received at the battle of Charles City Cross Roads. On the 28th of June, the Ninth regiment was organized in Camp Wilkins, near Pittsburg, by the following com- panies: the "Pittsburg Eiflies," company A, of Allegheny county. Captain Lewis W. Smith : the " Garibaldi Guards," company B, of Allegheny county. Captain Prank Hartmayer ; the "Iron City GuanU," company C, of Allegheny county, Captain James T. Shannon; the "Government Guards," company D, of Allegheny county. Captain Eobert Galway ; the "Chartier Valley Guards," company E, of Allegheny county. Captain Charles Barnes ; the " MeadviUe Volunteers," company F, of Crawford county. Captain Samuel B. Dick ; the " City Guards," company G, of Allegheny county, Cap- tain John B. Brookbank ; the "New Brighton Eifles," com- pany H, of Beaver county. Captain John Cuthbertson ; the "McKeesport Union Guards," company I, of Allegheny county. Captain William Lynch, and the "Allegheny, Eangers," company K, of Allegheny county. Captain Hugh S. Fleming. These companies elected Conrad F. Jackson of Pittsburg, colonel; Eobert Anderson, lieutenant-colonel; and James McK. Snodgrass, major of the regiment. T. Brent Swear- ingen was appointed adjutant; John F. Kirkpatrick, quarter- master; Joseph A. Phillips, surgeon; Henry F. Martin, assistant-surgeon, and Eeverend J. B. Pyatt, chaplain. The Tenth regiment was organized in Camp Wright, on the 29th of June, by the following companies : " The "Somerset Infantry," company A, of Somerset county, OBGANIZATIOK. 87 Captain Robert P. Cummins; tte "Middlesex Rangers/' company B, of Mercer county, Captain Thomas McCon- n«ll; the "Venango Greys," company C, of Ven9,ngo county, Captain Christopher M. Over ; the " Jefferson Light Guards," company D, of "Washington county, Captain Charles W. McUaniel; the "Clarion River Guards," com- pany B., of Clarion county, Captain James B. Knox ; the "Curtain Rifles," company F, of Beaver county, Captain Milo R. Adams ; the " Mercer Rifles," company G, of Mercer county, Captain Adoniram J. Warner ; the Warren Guards, company H, of Warren county, Captain Henry V. Part- ridge ; the " Allegheny College Volunteers," company I, of Crawford county, Captain Ira Ayer, Jr.," and the " Wilson Rifles," company K, of Beaver county, Captain Samuel Miller. John S. McCalmont, Esq., of Venango county, was elected colonel of the regiment ; James T. Kirk, lieutenant- colonel, and Harrison Allen, major. Siam B. Smith was appointed adjutant; Cyrus Elder, quartermaster; Benjamin Rohrer, surgeon ; David McKinney, Jr., assistant surgeon, and Rev- erend J. L. Greene, chaplain. John S. McCalmont was born at Franklin, Venango county, Pennsylvania. He is one of three sons of the late Alexander McCalmont, born on the 28th of April, 1822. The oldest, William, now deceased, was a soldier in the regular army, and the youngest, Alfred B., is now colonel of the 142d Pennsylvania volunteers Alexander McCalmont, the father of these soldiers, was an early settler in western Pennsylvania, and rose by his own industry and probity to a position of honor and influ- ence in the community. He was during ten years, president judge of the Eighteenth Judicial District, having been appointed to that position by Governor David R. Porter. John S. McCalmont was, at the age of sixteen, appointed a cadet to the military academy in 1838 ; and graduated in the class of 1842. At the time of his graduation, he was appointed brevet second lieutenant in the Third infantry, 88 HISTORY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA EESEBVES. head-quarters at - Tallahassee, Florida, and subsequently second lieutenant in the Eighth infantry, then commanded by Colonel Worth, headquarters, Pilatka, Florida. In July, 1843, at the close of the Florida war, he resigned his commission and commenced the study of law. He was admitted to practice and soon after was appointed deputy attorney -general for Clarion, Elk, and McKean counties, and took up his residence at Clarion. In 1848, he was elected to the legislature, and again in 1849, and was elected speaker of the House of EepresentatiYCS for the session of 1850. In May, 1853, he was appointed president judge for the Eighteenth Judicial District. At the election in 1853, he was elected by the people president judge of the same district, for ten years from December, 1853. The arduous labors of his professional duties had seriously impaired his health ; that, however, did not stand in the way of his patriotic devotion to his country ; he resigned his seat on the bench, and accepted the colonelcy of the Tenth regiment of the Reserve Corps. This regiment was ordered, early in July, to Cumberland, to reinforce Colonel Biddle's brigade ; but when it arrived at HppeweU, the orders were countermanded and the regi- ment ordered to report at Harrisburg, where it was mustered into the United States service, on the 21st day of July, 1861. The Eleventh regiment was organized in Camp Wright, on the 1st day of July, by the following companies: The " Cambria Guards," company A, of Cambria county, Captain Robert Litzinger ; the "Indiana National Guards," company B, of Indiana county. Captain Daniel S. Porter ; the "Dixon Guards," company C, of Butler county. Captain Samuel Louden ; the " Conongessing Rangers," company D, of Butler county, Captain William Stewart; the "Washing- ton Blues," company E, of Indiana county, Captain Nathaniel Nesbit; the "Union Volunteers," company F, of Fayette county. Captain Edward Bierer; the "Independent Blues," company G, of Armstrong county, Captain James P. Speer; the "Westmoreland Blues," company H, of Westmoreland OBGANIZATIOIT. 89 county, Captain Daniel Kistler ;, the " Washington Blues," company, I, of "Westmoreland county, Captain Thomas H. Spires, and the "Brady Guards," company K, of Jefferson county, Captain Evans K. Brady. T. F. Gallagher, was elected colonel; James E. Porter, lieutenant-eolonel, and S. M. Jackson, major of the regiment. Peter A. Johns, was appointed adjutant ; H. A. Torrence, quarter-master; James S. De BenneviUe, surgeon; D. W. BaUentine, assistant-surgeon, and Eev. "William T. Dickson, chaplain. Thomas F. Gallagher, was born in Westmoreland county, Pennsylvania, on the 17th of January, 1822 ; he received a liberal education, and, when the rebellion broke out in 1861, was a merchant ia New Alexandria, a village in his native county. For many years he had taken an active interest in military organizations in Westmoreland county, and had, by experience, acquired a knowledge of company and regi- mental drills and mancBuvres. When the Eleventh regi- ment was organized, he was elected to the colonelcy and invited to take command of the regiment. Colonel Gallagher accepted the position and served with distinction, until the 12th of December, 1662, when he was compelled to resign, on account of a severe wound received at the battle of South Mountain. The Twelfth regiment which was the last of the iofantry regiments in the corps, was organized in Camp Curtin, on the 25th of July. The companies in the Twelfth, were col- lected from aU parts of the State. They were the " Wayne Guards," company A, of Philadelphia, commanded by Qap- tain John H. Taggart; the "Factory ville Infantry," company B, of Wyoming county. Captain David N. Matthewson ; the " Troy Guards," company C, of Bradford county. Captain Eichard Gurtin; the "Kepner Fencibles," company D, of Dauphia county. Captain Samuel B. Wilt; the "Easton Guards," company E, of Northampton county. Captain Peter Baldy ; the " West Newton Guards," company F, of West- moreland county. Captain Andrew G. Oliver; the "Bailey's Inviacibles," company G, of York county. Captain Samuel 90 HISTOET OF THE PENNSYLVANIA EESEBVES. N. Bailey; the "Indiana County Infantry," company H, of Indiana county, Captain Andrew J. Bolar : tlie " Huntingdon Guards," company I, of Huntingdon county, Captain James C. Baker, and the "McClure Eifles," company K, of Frank- lin county, Captain John S. Byster. These companies elected Captain John H. Taggart, of Philadelphia, colonel; Captain Samuel N. Baily, of York county, lieutenant-colonel, and Captain Peter Baldy of North-, ampton county, maj or of the regiment. Theodore McMurtrie, was appointed adjutant ; James T. Woodall, quartermaster ; W. H. Thome, surgeon;' Isaac J. Clark, assistant surgeon, and Eev. A. J. Bolar, chaplain. John H. Taggart, was born in Georgetown, Kent county, Maryland, on the 22d of January, 1821. After the death of his father, in 1830, he went to Philadelphia, where he resided up to the breaking out of the rebellion in 1861. He was a printer by profession, and one of the proprietors of the Philadelphia Sunday Mercury. He had a taste for military exercises, and, was for many years connected with the " Washington Blues," of Philadelphia. After the attack on Fort Sumter, he raised a company in Philadelphia, called the "Wayne Guards," for the three months service, and subsequently tendered the services of the company to Governor Curtin, to form part of the Eeserve Corps. Cap- tain Taggart marched his company to Harrisburg, on the 7th June, and remained in Camp Curtin until the 25th of July, the day on which the Twelfth regiment was organized^ when he was elected colonel, and placed in command of the regiment. The Eifle regiment, which was the second regiment organ- ized for the corps, was numbered the " Thirteenth regiment of the Pennsylvania Eeserve Corps." In an of&cial order issued by General McCall, at the request of the men com- posing it, the regiment was named the "Kane Eifles." "The Bucktails," however, was the popular name of this historic organization; an, appellation taken from the badge, the tail of a deer, worn on their caps by both officers and privates; OEGAJaZATION. 91 and whenever in tlie skirmisli line of tlie opening battle tliis badge was seen, fear seized tbe hearts of the trembling foe, for in it he recognized the advance guard of a corps of troops, celebrated in both armies for the irresistible power of their battle charges. On the 16th of July, Greneral McDowell advanced from the banks of the Potomac towards Manassas, with an army of thirty thousand five hundred men. The troops, though principally volunteers, recently from their peaceful labors in the North, were eager for active service, and commenced the advance with alacrity and joy. At noon on the 17th, the advance division of the Union army enteied Fairfax unopposed, and found in the enemy's camps much valuable property, which, in the haste and fear of the flight, the rebels had abandoned. With the march of this army moved the heart of the nation, filled with hopeful joy. On the 18th, General Tyler reconnoitered the enemy's position and ascertained the location of his batteries. Two days — fatal delay — ^were spent ip. examining the country and posting the troops. On Sunday, the 21st, the terrible battle was fought. Never was a field more fiercely contested. Every regiment fought heroically, and merited its country's gratitude. From early in the morning until two o'clock in the afternoon, the battle raged with unabated fury. Up to that hour, the advantages were on the side of the Union troops, who had assailed, one after another, the strong posi- tions of the enemy on the bank of Bull Eun, and carried them by storm. Three o'clock came, and victory seemed certaia to the National army. But, as at the battle of Waterloo, Blucher came and Grouchy came not, so in this hour of National peril. General Johnston, with thirty thous- and fresh troops, came to the aid of Beauregard, but Patterson came not with his thirty thousand loyal troops to the rescue of McDowell's army. The day was lost. Beaten by overwhelming numbers, McDowell's army was hurled back into the entrenchments in fi^ont of Washing- ton. The safety of the Capital was threatened and th? 92 HISTORY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA KESEEVES. nation, for a day, was paralyzed witli bewildering amaze- ment. The term of service of the troops compoang Patterson's army would expire before the 1st of August; the army under McDowell was daily diminishing in numbers from the same cause, and the Capital of the nation was left with- out a force equal to that defeated at Bull Eun, to guard it against the victorious enemy. The authorities at "Washing- ton discovered, when it was too late to be remedied, the error of having under- estimated the force of the conspira- tors. The call for help — immediate, instantaneous relief — went out from Washington throughout all the land. Penn- sylvania alone was prepared to respond witli an available promptness. The stone which the builders had rejected, now became the head of the corner. BafSed by the admin- istration at Washington, rebuked by the Secretary of War, and censured by the anti-war party in his own State, Gov- ernor Curtin, with patriotic fervor, labored to complete the organization of the Reserve Cerps. He was told it would prove to be his political grave. Circumstances have made it his most honorable monument, and the pride of the State. Just before the advance of McDowell's army, the services of this organized body of men were offered to the govern- ment ; but the authorities at Washington refused to receive them. On the 18th of July, Governor Curtin again tele- graphed to the war office at Washington, stating that two regiments of the Eeserve Corps were in service in Western Virginia, another was marching to join them, and ten other regiments were in camps at Pittsburg, Harrisburg, Easton and West Chester. In the same dispatch, the Governor requested that mustering officers be sent to the several camps, to muster the regiments into the service of the United States. On the same day, orders were received from the Secretary of War, directing that four regiments should be sent to Hagerstown, and the remaining regiments of the EeServe Corps, not including those in Western Virginia, should be mustered and transported to Baltimore OEGANIZATION. 93 on the Northern Central Hailroad. On the 19th, another dispatch, from Adjutant-General Lorenzo Thomas to Gov- ernor Curtin, instructed him, ia obedience to the wishes of the Secretary of War, to assemble aU the regiments, excepting only the two commanded by Colonels Charles J. Biddle and Seneca G. Simmons, at Harrisburg, where they would be mustered into the service and forwarded to the seat of war, as previously ordered ; statiug also that their services were imperiously demanded, and " if they were not forwarded promptly, the regiments would be prevented from taking part in the impending battle." The Governor replied by telegraph: "All the regiments have been ordered to Harrisburg, in obedience to your dispatch just received, and, on arrival, will be immediately forwarded to the seat of war, as previously ordered. K there is not time to muster them in at this place, mustering of&cers can foUow them to the field." All possible expedition was used to concentrate the Corps and forward it to the scene of active operations, in front of Washington. Though the Governor, through his private messengers, had failed to iaduce the administration at Washington to accept the services of this organized body of troops, at a time that would have rendered them avail- able to the commander of the National forces, there was wanting no zeal or hearty co-operation when the cry for help came with telegraphic emphasis from Washington to Harrisburg. With a most generous patriotism, peculiar to a sovereign people, aU the resources of the State were brought into requisition to reinforce the National army in front of the capital. The following dispatches show the temper of the hour : — Washington, July 21, 1861. GoTEBNOB Ctjetin : — Get your regiments at Harrisburg, Easton and other points ready for immediate shipment, lose no time preparing. Make things move to the utmost. THOS. A. SCOTT, Assistant Secretary of Wear, 94 HISTOEY OF THE PEKNSYLVANIA EESEBVES. Washington, July 21, 1861. GoTEBNOR CuRTiN : — Please send the Wisconsin regiment at Harris- burg to Baltimore instead of Harper's Ferry. Send all other regiments at Harrisburg and elsewhere to Baltimore. WINTIELD SCOTT. GovBENOR CoRTiN : — Forward all you can to-night. Transportation will be provided by Northern Central Company. Press forward all available force. THOS. A. SCOTT. GovBENOK CuBTiN. — Let me know how your regiments are moving. What have you started and how fast will they leave ? THOS. A. SCOTT. Harbisbueg, July 21, 1864. Thos. a. Scott, Washington : — One regiment left for Washington, at noon ; one from Pittsburg and one from West Chester have just ar- rived ; one from Pittsburg and two from Easton will arrive to-morrow. The others as rapidly as they can be transported to and from this pla^e. The three month regiments are arriving here, without being announced or any preparations for them. Our men justly complain of their arms, both those that return and those we send. A. G. CURTIN. Washington, July 21, 1861. Governor Cuetin : — To-morrow wont do for your regiments. We must have them to-night. Send' them to-night. It is of the utmost importance. THOS. A. SCOTT. Stop the regiment at Greencastle and send it to Washington to- night. Do not fail. THOS. A. SCOTT. The authorities at Washington, had already learned of the escape of General Johnston, from the Shenandoah valley, and feared the result of his junction with Beaure- gard at Manassas. Early on the 21st of July, they tele- graphed to Governor Curtin to have the Eeserve Corps of Pennsylvania concentrated at Harrisburg. But as the events of the day became more developed. General Scott feeling the want of a sufficient reserve force, changed the direction of the troops moving towards Harper's Ferry, and ordered all the regiments in Pennsylvania to march through OEGANIZATiON. 95 Baltimore to Washington. Later in the day McDo-weU's defeat at Bull Eun, made it necessary/ for the safety of Washington to have a strong force on the north bank of the Potomac above Georgetown, and to that point the regi- ments of the Eeserve Corps were marched as rapidly as they arrived at the Washington terminus of the Baltimore and Ohio railroad. Colonel E. Biddle Eoberts, commandiag the First regiment, and senior colonel in the corps was placed in the advance. Colonel Eobert G. March who had left Harrisburg in ad- vance with the fourth regiment awaited the arrival of Colonel Eoberts west of Baltimore. Colonel George S. Hays commanding the Eighth, Colonel John S. McCalmont, commanding the Tenth and Colonel B. B. Harvey, com- manding the Seventh regiment followed as rapidly as trans- portation could be provided. As the trains approached Baltimore, on Monday afternoon. Colonel Eoberts was ad- monished at every station by the three months troops, who were guarding the railroad of the danger of passing through .the city of Baltimore. When the command arrived at the outer depot on the Northern Central railroad in the subtirbs of Baltimore, a body of the police force of the city, met Colonel Eoberts and advised him not to pass through the city with his command. They represented the populace as being in a state of the most intense excitement, and declared that the police would be overpowered in an attempt to re- sist the mob. They stated further, that the secessionists were thoroughly armed, and that it would be " very unsafe" for him to attempt to march through the streets. Colonel Eoberts listened with an indifferent attention to the repre- sentations of the policemen, and when their efforts to dis- suade him had ceased, filled with the patriotic emotions of a citizen soldier, who knew well for what purpose he had taken up arms, he replied, " Gentlemen, I have not come down here hunting for safe places. My men are thoroughly armed and equipped, and will march through Baltimore." The lesson of the 19th of April, learned in the streets of 96 HISTORY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA EESEEVES. Baltimore, had not been lost on the Pennsylvania troOps marching to the Capital. Colonel Eoberts had taken the pjecaiition to have ammunition distributed to the men, with orders that they should load their guns and be prepared to engage the enemy at any moment. Orders were also issued to the commissioned officers in every company, that, if the enemy attacked them in the streets of Baltimore, they should promptly return the fire; if attacked from the houses, they were instructed to set fire to the buildings as they advanced through the city. Colonel Roberts advanced with his regiment to Calvert street depot, took possession of the railroad building, and. after posting a guard about his command, allowed his men , to make themselves comfortable for the night. Early in the morning of the 23d, the whole command, with the exception of the Fourth regiment, which encamped near the outer depot, took up their line of march through the city. The pavements, cross-streets and buildings were crowded with vast multitudes of awe-stricken beholders. Not a sound was heard, save the tap of the drum and the , tread of the advancing column. Eegiment after regiment filed into the heart of the city, through the narrow and winding streets; the secessionists were well armed; they had been boastful and defiant ; they now looked with suUen astonishment on the well ordered troops, that marched with conscious strength through their streets ; and in fear, they silently nursed their wrath. Thus was the city of Baltimore. ; humiliated. The secessionists, who threatened to murder the National troops in the streets, were awed into silence, and ever afterwards ceased to be aught else than suUen spies, smugglers, and piratical allies to the rebels in arms. After marching through the city, the First regiment encamped on Carroll Hill, where it remained until the fol- lowing Saturday. The other regiments moved forward on the Baltimore and Ohio railroad, and arrived at "Washington. in the evening of the same day. The Second, Third and Fourth regiments, at Camp ORGANIZATION. 97 WasMngton, near Baston, had moved promptly to Harris- burg, and thence to Baltimore. The Second, Colbnel Mann's regiment, was transported on the Baltimore and Ohio rail- road to Sandy Hook, whBre it arrived on the 28th; the Third regiment, commanded by Colonel Sickel, proceeded directly to Washington, and arrived there in the evening of the 25th of July. The Fourth, Colonel March, re- mained in camp near Baltimore. So great "was the rejoicing at the arrival of these regi- ments at the Capital, that President Lincoln, accompanied by members of the cabinet and other distinguished men, came out to meet them at the depot, and to thank the men for having ensured the safety of the Capital by their presence. The President reviewed the troops and com- mended them for the progress they had made in discipline and drill. Colonel Harvey, commanding the Seventh regiment, thus relates his experience in the march from Harrisburg to Washington :— " Our orders at Harrisburg were, to report to the com- mandant at Baltimore, General Dix. Our journey towards Baltimore, du^g daylight, was one constant scene of cheer- ing. People — men, women, and children — were loud in their demonstrations of patriotism and joy. When we reached the State line, we concluded to prepare for any emergency. We felt that we were hovering between two authorities — passing from Pennsylvania State authority to the United States authority; and during this transit, I concluded I would be the authority, and the regiment cheerfully ac- cepted it. We ordered the train to stop, and the men out. Ammunition was distributed, and the men loaded their pieces. We then moved on the train to within four miles of the city, and there stopped until daylight. We next moved into the city, and stopped at the Bolton Station. The men got out of the cars and formed a line on the side of the street, where we remai,ned for five hours, awaiting orders. Immediately on our arrival in the city, we re- 7 98 HISTORY OP THE PEXNSYLVANIA EESEKVES. ported; by telegraph to General Dix, at Fort McHenry, our presence. At about ten o'clock, A. M., a despatch was received from that officer directing us to procure something to eat, and then proceed to Washington as soon as we could obtain transportation. Thereupon our quartermaster has- tened off in search of provisions. The mayor or provost marshal, attentive to our wants, sent Mr. S. Eobinson of that city with a police force to conduct us to some grove .to take refreshment. We formed, and under the pilotage of a 'policeman, started, as we supposed, for the grove aforemen- tioned. After half an hour's march through the city, the head of our line halted at the Camden Depot ! I inquired if this was where we were to get our breakfast and the three last meals not yet had. I was met by the policeman, who informed me that he had been ordered to conduct us to that depot, that we might be moved on to Washington at once. Just then some of the managers of the raUroad came up, and insisted on our going ahead, as^the train was already in waiting. I informed them that we should not leave Balti- more until the men had one full meal. We had bounded for two days and nights on one meal ; a longer continuance in that business would then cease. I then marched the regiment back to the Bolton Depot. The Quartermaster, Judge Lane, and Mr. B. Robinson had just returned, and the men enjoyed ope good meal. I next authorized Mr. Eobinson to make arrangements and contract for the trans- portation of my regiment — nine hundred men, baggage, horses, and equipments, to Washington ; — and to move pre- cisely at nine o'clock, P. M. Mr. Eobinson soon returned, having made the arrangements. At seven o'clock we moved the regiment once more from the Bolton Station to the Cam- den Station, and were there informed that the cars placed on the track were for us and were ready. We loaded up. There were twelve cars. We filled them full, leaving four companies still on the platform ! The superintendent, man- agers, &c., came along blustering and scolding us for not getting ahead. I remonstrated with them about the accom- ORGANIZATION. 99 modations provided, but only received in return threats tliat if we did not load up in the twelve cars, they would move the trains and leave us behind. In addition to this, they refused to take the cars containing our horses, surplus arms and ammunition. Our contract called for nine, o'clock as the moving hour ; it was then eight o'clock. I at length went to the head of the train, detached the locomotive, and placed Captain John Jameson on the platform with three companies to prevent the re-attachment of the locomotive or the moving of the train with part of my command until I should give the proper order. The superintendent ap- proached, and ordered the engineer to move forward. Both left suddenly. I next repaired to the railroad office, where I met some eight smooth gentlemen, who talked pompously, and indulged in a few threats. We heard them through, though very impatient and angry. I only replied, that that train would not move before nine o'clock, and that then it would take none of my regiment unless it took all ; that we should keep possession until that hour and then release it unless more cars were furnished meanwhile ; that if they wished to dispossess us,» they were at liberty to make the attempt; that we had heard of Baltimore once, and were perfectly willing that others should hear of it the second time. I then returned to the locomotive, found my orders strictly enforced, and the men all quiet, but impatient for orders. I was followed by a stranger, and asked to return to the railroad office.. I sought Mr. Eobinson, who made the contract, and we returned to the office together. When I got back a Mr. White, clerk of the road, and a man calling himself president of the road, were present, who informed me that they had just received a despatch from Honorable Simon Cameron, ordering me forward at once, and that we were to proceed in twelve cars, leaving the horses and bag- gage behind. He next presented me with a certificate which professed to show that the company had furnished transpor- tation to me for the regiment. I thereupon demanded a certified copy of the Washington despatch. They refused to 100 HISTORY OF THE PK]SrNSYLV.AJSr[A EESEKVES. give it me, saying tjhat I had no busAess witli it. I replied that I had something to do with, rogues in my life ; that they might, write almost any thing and call it a despatch ! This made a, little flurry. Just at this moment stepped in a man who, in a loud voice, proclaimed himself assistant^ quartermaster of the United States, and demanded informal tion as to who was interfering with and preventing transr portation ! I looked at him, a, moment, measuring his metal, and then replied, it was myself. He responded, that he would not have country colonels interfering with his busi- ness, and blustered considerably. My field officers now entered. I thereupon said to this blustering major, that I had possession of the locomotive and cars, and.that he must show me better authority than he had yet shown to induce me to change my determinatipn. I then wrote a despatch to General Cameron, Secretary of War, stating our condi- tion — their refusal to take us comfortably, and to take our horses and ba,ggage. They soon presented us with a reply, purporting to be from Secretary Cameron, ordering us for- ward. I ordered a certified copy of it, which they refused. I then left the office, and returnedn to the cars, and waited till nearly nine o'clock, still refusing to move, when the aforementioned United States major, or quartermaster, came to me, and said they would furnish three more cars, that we might leave at nine o'clock. This was done, and we finally took our departure for Washington, where we arrived about one o'clock next morning." The necessity for the presence of these troops at the Capital was so urgent, that some of the regiments were for- warded before they had been mustered into the service of the United States. Patriotism, a devotion to the Union that knew no turning back, was the bond that bound the men together in solid regiments. Transported in open, cars, exposed to storm and rain, from Harrisburg to Baltimore, these soldiers of the Union, forgetting personal comfort, thought only of defending their Government against the assaults of traitors. Not a man deserted, but with full OKGAiriZATIOJT. lOl ranks, in their camps on Carroll Hill and on the banks of the Potomac, the companies presented themselves for muster. On the 2nd of August, the Third, Sixth, Seventh and Eighth regiments WQre ordered to march from their quarters in and about the city of Washington, to Tenallytown, a village six miles northwest from the Capital. At this place General McCall directed that a camp should be formed, at which all the regiments of the Corps were ordered to report. The Ninth, Tenth and Eleventh regiments arrived from Washington in the new camp, on the 5th ; on the 8th, the Fifth regiment ; and on the 13th of August, the Twelfth regiment, arriving from Harrisburg, reported at Tenally- town. Soon after the arrival of six regiments at Tenallytown, General McCall was informed by the commander of the aimy, that the Eeserve regiments would not be organized into a division, as was contemplated by the State authorities of Pennsylvania. General McCall appealed to the Secretary of War : protesting that the troops had been raised, the regiments formed, and the organization of the Corps entered upon, with the explicit understanding that the nnity of the command would be maintained, when its services should be transferred to the National Government. Secretary Cameron entertained the appeal with favor, and respected the arrange- ment of the State with the regiments. The detached regi- ments in Western Virginia, at Harper's Ferry, and at Anna- polis, were ordered to join the command at Tenallytown, where they were organized as a division of the Army of the Potomac, consisting of three brigades, which was known as "McCall's Division." On Saturday, the 28th of July, in obedience to orders issuied from Major-General Dix, Colonel Eoberts mai'ched with the First regiment from Carroll Hill to Annapolis. Six companies of the regiinent were quartered in the Naval Academy in that city, and four companies were stationed at AnnapoHs Junction. The regiment was detailed to guard 102 mSTORT OF THE PEXJSrSYLVANIA EESEEVES. the railroad frora Annapolis to the junction with the Balti- more and Washington road. The frequent seizures of drugs, medicines, and other contraband goods from smugglers, who were engaged in unlawful traffic with the rebels, south of the Potomac, gave evidence that these new troops were vigilant and reliable guards. In his report of operations on the line o^ the Annapolis railroad. General Dix commends the conduct of both officers and men of the First regiment, for the manner in which they performed the special duty to which he had assigned them. Soon after Colonel Roberts took command at Annapolis^ a party of negroes arrived in the harbor in a small boat and were picked up by the revenue cutter "Forward." The negroes said they were the slaves of a disloyal owner ; that they had stolen the boat from their master and had made their escape. The captain of the cutter made application to turn them over to Colonel Eoberts, who, not being allowed, by orders from his superiors, to admit slaves into his camp, nor to return them to their masters, applied to General Dix, commanding the department, for instructions. The fact that the boat and men had been taken by a revenue cutter, made it necessary to refer the question of disposition to the Secretary of the Treasury. A full and complete statement of the case was submitted through the proper channel, to Secretary Chase, but no answer was ever received by the captain of the "Forward." By a law of Congress he was not permitted to discharge his captives ; they were consuming rations and occupying space on the cutter that were required for other purposes, yet no one would receive the prisoners or authorize any disposition to be made of them. Finally, the men were allowed to escape from the vessel at Philadel- phia, without any official notice. The four companies of the First regiment .stationed at Annapolis Junction, were presented with an elegantly finished flag, the gift of the loyal ladies of Prince George and Montgomery counties in Maryland. The ceremonies of the presentation, in the presence of a large assemblage ORGANIZATION. 103 of Citizens, was the first evidence to the troops that they were not surrounded wholly by enemies. On the 30th of August the regiment was relieved from duty at Annapolis, and on the following day joined the camp at Tenallytown. The Thirteenth regiment marched from Harrishurg on the 8th of August, and taking transportation on the North- ern Central and Baltimore and Ohio railroads, reported for duty to General Thomas of General Bank's army at Sandy Hook. This regiment and the Second, remained in the army commanded by General Banks until the close of Sep- tember. They marched from Sandy Hook through Point of Eocks, Jefferson, and Hyattstown, to Darnestown ; thence on the 25th of September to Tenallytown, where they joined their companions in the army of the Potomac. The Fourteenth regiment of the Eeserve Corps, which was the First artillery, had not yet been organized at the time the corps was called into service. Eight companies were recruited and three of the batteries were organized by the State and sent to Tenallytown. The other companies were ordered to Washington, where they were organized by the War Department. The eight batteries of this regiment were . never in im- mediate conjoined service; they were not permanently attached to General McCall's command as a constituent portion of the Eeserve Corps, but were detached and assigned to other divisions. Some were sent out of the Army of the Potomac to serve in other campaigns. The three original batteries only were retained ; battery A, com- manded by Captain Hezekiah Easton ; battery B, Captain James H. Cooper; and battery G, Captain Mark Kerns. In April, 1862, battSry C, Fifth United States Artillery, Captain Truman Seymour, was assigned to McCall's division, in compliance with a general order, that tp each division of three brigades there should be assigned three volunteer and one United States regular batteries. The Fifteenth regiment, (the First Pennsylvania Cavalry,) 104 HISTOET OF THE PEITNSYLVANIA EESEKVES. was organized after the arrival of the infantry regiments at Tenallytown. About the middle of August five com- panies in Camp Curtin, the "Juniata Cavalry," company A, of Juniata county, commanded by Captain John K. Robin- son; the "Lower Merion Troop," company B, of Mont- gomery county. Captain Owen Jones ; the " Mifflin County Cavalry," company C, of Mifflin county, Captain J. P. Taylor; the "Smith's Cavalry," company D, of Clinton county, Captain William S. Gile, and the "Centre County Cavalry," company B, of Centre county, Captain Jonathan Wolf, organized by electing Captain David H. Hastings, of the United States Army, colonel, and Captain Owen Jones, major. Captain Hastings declined to accept the colonelcy of the regiment only half organized. Major Jones took' command of the battalion and proceeded to Washington, where he was soon joined by three other companies from Harrisburg ; the " Ringgold Cavalry," company F, of Green county. Captain Josiah H. Ray ; the "Blair County Cavaky," company G, of Blair county. Captain David Gardener, and company H, Captain Theodore Strick. These eight companies remained in camp near Wash- ington until the middle of September, with a deficiency of organization that seemed to threaten every effort to form a regiment. The field and company of&cers were unskilled in military tactics and discipline, and though quite anxious to become soldiers, and to make their men such, they fully realized their deficiency and anxiously sought for assistance in the election of an experienced ofl&cer to command the regiment. Finally, General McCall in co-operation with Governor Curtin and his advisers, secured the services of Captain George D. Bayard, of the regular army, who was elected by the officers, and commissioned by the Governor of Pennsylvania, colonel of the regiment. Two companies from a disbanded, organization, were then attached to the regiment, company I, Captain George T. Work, and com. pany K, Captain Joseph H. Williams ; its organization was then completed. Captain Jacob Higgins was elected lieu- OEGANIZATION. 105 tenant-colonel, and Lieutenant S. D. Barrows was appointed adjutant ; Lieutenant E. E. Corson, quajterrnaster ; David Stanton, surgeon; Samuel Alexander, assistant-surgeon, and Eev. J. H. Beale, ctaplain of tlie regiment. In January, 1862, the "Eeading City Troop," company L, of Berks county, commanded by Captain John C. A. Hoffeditz, and company M, Captain Hampton S. Thomas, two independent companies, were attached to the regi- ment, thus making it complete with twelve companies. The regiment was originally armed by the United States Government with sabre and pistol to each man and ten carbines to each company; subsequently the number of carbines was increased, at different times, until in November every man in the regiment was supplied with that formid- able weapon. The original eight companies were clothed by the State of Pennsylvania. The clothing was furnished according to the regulations of the United States ajmy and was of a good quality. Nearly all of the original horses were selected with great care and were purchased by some of the officers of the regi- i!nent in the State of Pennsylvania; the remainder were selected by Colonel Bayaard from the Government horses at Washington. These horses, under good care and training during the succeeding winter, became, notably the best horses in the United States service ; some of them were accounted the best in the regiment, after five new lots had been worn out in its campaigns. The original team horses, performed all the labor of the regiment for more than two years, and still were the most hardy regimental teams in the cavalry service in the army of the Potomac. This regiment was composed of the choicest materials in the State of Pennsylvania ; the Governor refused all appli- cations for the formation of cavalry companies, from large towns and cities. The companies were recruited wholly from the rural districts of a large State, at a time when 106 mSTOEY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA EESEBVES. infantry was the favorite arm of the service. The men, therefore, who joined this regiment, chose the cavalry ser- vice, for the love of it, and because they were practical horsemen. They were mostly country laborers and farmers accustomed to the use and care of horses, and at least good, if not properly trained riders. Very few of the men were ever dismounted by accident or awkwardness, during their early drilling, and in their later rencounters, were never un- horsed, unless by missiles of death. After Colonel Bayard was established in his position and his regiment was armed, equipped and mounted, the work of drilling was immediately commenced and prosecuted with great energy. He labored most assiduously to prepare the regiment in the shortest possible time, for actual contact with the enemy. Believing the cavalry arm of the service must be "made, and not merely improved," he called his officers around him once or twice a day to instruct them in tactics ; company, S(juadron and regimental drill and sabre exercises on foot or mounted, were vigorously practi6ed morning and afternoon of every day, under the personal direction of Colonel Bayard and his field officers, until the regiment was called into continued service in the spring of 1862. r TENALLYTOWlSr. 107 CHAPTER IV. TENALLTTOWN — PIEEPONT — DEANESVILLE. Camp instructions — General intelligence of the men — Position of the Eeserve Corps — Alarms — Picket firing — Desire to meet the enemy in battle — The enemy driven from Upton's Hill — Grand Review by Presi- dent Lincoln and General McCIellan — General McCall's order — Resig- nation of Captain McPherson — A negro informs General McCall of the approach of the enemy — Lieutenants Fisher and Wonderly detailed for duty in Signal Corps — Condition, strength and discipline of the Reserve Corps — The enemy reported to be advancing — Attack on pickets at Great Falls — Presentation of colors by Governor Curtin — Organization of brigades — Report on condition of the division — Colonel Ma^ton — Advance into Virginia — Order of march — Langley — McCall's division the right of the army — Disasters in other divisions — The Reserves always successful — Reconnoissance to Dranesville — Ball's BlufF — Col- nelTaggart tried by Court Martial — Reconnoissance to Gunnell's faim — Cavalry reconnoissance to Dranesville — Battle of Dranesville — Mc- Call's official report — Letter from Secretary Cameron — Governor Curtin goes to Camp Pierpont. At Tenallytown, General McCall established Ms com- mand in pleasant camps, and instructed the field officers to use all possible diligence in familiarizing their regiments with the battalion drill, and to teach the men the manual and the use of arms. The officers organized classes for mutual instruction in military tactics and army regulations. In these, all questions pertaining to military science were freely discussed, and points in doubt were referred to the officers who had graduated in the military academy at "West Point, or to the commanding general. The zeal to acquire a knowledge of military duties and movements manifested by the officers, was equalled only ^ by their efforts to instruct their men in the drills, the duties and the conduct of a soldier. Never, perhaps, was there so general a diffusion of intelligence, extending through all the com- 108 HISTOEY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA EESEEVES. panies of a division of an army, as was the case in tlie Eeserve Corps. A large number of students from colleges, academies, normal and Mgli schools, many teachers in the public schools and in the higher institutions of learning, professional students^ physicians, lawyers and preachers, were found, not only as officers, but in the ranks, associated with young -men of equal intelligence. There were ser- geants who, but for their uniforms, might have been mis- taken for generals, and privates fit to command brigades. To make soldiers of citizens like these was not a difficult task. To command companies, regiments, brigades and divi- sions composed of men of so much intelligence, required officers possessing much executive ability and a thorough knowledge of the rights, privileges and duties of both officers and privates. General W. F. Smith's division of the Army of the Potomac occupied a position on the Potomac river at the chain bridge; General McCall was ordered to form on the right of Smith's division with the Eeserves. Smith's regiments beyond the bridge, on the south side of the river, frequently came in contact with the enemy's pickets, and, in the exchange of shots, some of the men in his command were wounded. The reports of these encounters, repeated in the camps of the Reserve regiments, excited in the men a desire to cross the river and exchange the monotonous rounds of their picket duty for the more exciting lines of •their associates on their left. On several occasions, the reports brought in induced the belief that the enemy was preparing to make an assault on Smith's lines, for the pur- pose of destroying the chain bridge and severing the right wing from the centre of the army. The Eeserve Corps was called to arms, to await orders to march to the relief of Smith's division, if it should be attacked by a superior force. Twice they were marched out a short distance from camp, but were disappointed by being ordered to return to their quarters, without having seen the enemy. The day before the evacuation of Upton's Hill by the rebels, a plan TEKALLTTOWIir. 109 had been matured to capture it, in whicTi the Reserves were to take an important part. On the night chosen for the attack, the troops were ordered under aims, and the whole command put in readiness to march to the assault; but, about the time they were to leave camp, it was discovered that the enemy had evacuated the position in precipitous haste, in order to escape the attack, of which he had been advised by the traitorous citizens, who, through the mis- placed confidence of a Government too generous to be severe, had been allowed to remain at their homes, within, the lines of the National army. On the 20th of August, the regiments were temporarily organized into two brigades. The First regiment of infantry, commanded by Colonel Eoberts; the Second regiment, Colonel Mann; the Third regiment. Colonel Sickel; the Fourth regiment. Colonel March; the Sixth regiment, Colonel Eicketts, and the Eighth regiment, Colonel Harvey; and battery A, commanded by Captain Easton ; battery B, Captain Cooper ; battery D, Captain Flood, and battery F, Captain Matthews, were constituted the First brigade. The, four batteries of artillery were commanded by Major Dan forth. The Fifth regiment of infantry, commanded by Colonel Simmons; the Seventh regiment. Colonel Hays; the Ninth regiment. Colonel Jackson; the Tenth regiment, Colonel McCalmont; the Eleventh regiment. Colonel Gallagher; the Twelfth regiment. Colonel Taggart, and the Thirteenth regiment, Colonel Biddle; and battery C, commanded by Captain Simpson; battery B, Captain Barr; battery G, Captain West, and battery H, Captain Brady, were organ- ized into the Second brigade. The regiment of cavalry commanded by Colonel Bayard, remained unattached to either of the brigades. On the 21st of August, the regiments of the corps, that had i;eached the camp at Tenallytown, were passed in review before the President of the United States and General. McCleUan, who had, a short time before that, been assigned 110 HISTORY OF THE PENNSYLVAiTIA EESEEyES. to the command of the Army of the Potomac. After the review, General McCall i'ssued the following order : " Soldiers of the Pennsylvania Eeserves ! This day must be recognized as a propitious inauguration of your future mili- tary history. You have this day passed under the scrutin- izing inspection of the Commanding General of the Army of the Potomac, in whose ability to successfully prosecute this war, the confidence of the country is reposed. You have passed in review before the President of the United States and his cabinet ; both the General and the President have expressed to me their most unqualified approbation of your soldier-like appearance in review, and of the discipline thus manifestly shown to exist in the corps. "It now rests with you, officers of the Pennsylvania Eeserves, to carry out to perfection the work so well begun. Upon you devolves the care of your men ; let that be unre- mitting. Let every attention to their wants, temper the rigid discipline necessary to the formation of a soldier, and with one heart we will uphold the flag of our State, and place her name among the foremost in the cause of our common country." On the 21st of August, Captain Edward McPherson resigned his commission as captain of company K, First regiment, to take efiect on the last day of that month. The people of the Seventeenth Congressional District of Pennsyl- vania had chosen Captain McPherson to be their represen- tative in Congress, and earnestly desired him to take his seat in the House, at the opening of the session in December. Believing that he could not, without a violation of law, be mustered into the service of the United States, and at the same time hold his seat in Congress, he resigned his com- mission in the company ; subsequently, he was appointed a volunteer aid on the staff of General McCall. His company parted with him reluctantly, and at a meeting, the men passed resolutions expressive of regret at his departure, and of respect for his ability as an officer and character as a gentleman.. TENALLYTOWN. Ill Lieutenant John F. Bailey assumed command of McPher- son's company, and on the 2d of September was promoted to the captaincy. On the 28th of August, General McCall addressed a note to General McClellan, in which he stated that he had posted a detachment of cavalry aind a battery of artillery at Great Falls, and that a report, just received from the officer in command, informs him that, at five o'clock on the previous evening, the enemy fired on his pickets at Sand Ferry ; also, that later, a negro appeared at the water edge on the oppo- site side of the river, bearing a white flag, and said " a large force of the enemy had just encamped half a mUe from the river." The officer adds: "We have heard their drums and seen their fires." The report of the negro was in a short time verified by scouts sent out from the headquarters of the army. The regiments in camp were ordered to be in readiness to march to the relief of the out-post at Great Falls, should the enemy attempt to cross the river. Finding, however, that the fords were guarded, the enemy's force retired without making any further demonstrations. Lieutenant Benjamin F. Fisher, of company H, and Lieu- tenant David Wonderly, company K, of the Third regiment, having been thoroughly examined as to their qualifications, were, on the 29th of August, detailed on duty in the Signal Corps. These officers subsequently rose to great distinction in the signal service, and were attached to the headquarters of the army. In a report of the condition, strength and discipline of the command, made on the 2d of September, 1861, to General McClellan, commanding the Army of the Potomac, General McCall says : The First regiment, Colonel E. Biddle Roberts, reports an aggregate of nine hundred and twenty men ; two of Ihe companies are below the minimum standard of number ; all are armed with the old altered flint- lock musket, against which the feelings of prejudice and distrust are almost universal. The flank companies have been promised the Belgian rifle, within a short period. 112 HISTOET OF THE PENNSYLTAJSTIA EESEEVE3. The Third regiment, Colonel Horatio G. Sickel, is armed with the modem musket ; the flank companies having rifles. The aggregate number on the rolls is eight hundred and ninety-seven men. An officer has been detailed to recruit. The men are well equipped, and the con- dition of the regiment is good. The Fourth regiment, Colonel Robert G. March, with an aggregate list of eight hundred and forty-seven men, is variously armed ; the flank companies have rifles; company K, has the Harper's Eerry musket; the other companies, the old altered flint-lock musket. This regiment, when encamped near Baltimore, was drilled in street firing to the neglect of the battalion drill, which is now being steadily practiced. The Fifth regiment. Colonel S. G. Simmons, numbering nine hun- dred and thirty-two men, is armed with the Springfield rifles and Har- XKjr's Ferry muskets. The colonel complains of the uniform as being inferior, and reports that there is need of full equipments of regular uni- form. He has not yet drawn overcoats. His regiment is. very well: drilled. The Sixth regiment, Colonel W. W. Rickets,, numbers nine hun- dred and flfty-four men. An officer will leave to-morrow on recruiting' service. Some of the companies have rifles ; the others the Harper's Ferry muskets ; one hundred and sixteen members of this regiment are ' sick. Most of the cases are of typhoid fever, the type of which is becoming milder ; the fever is attributed to the unhealthiness of their location when encamped around Washington City. The colonel and' lieutenant-colonel are both disabled by sickness. The regiment is very well diUled. The Seventh regiment, Colonel E. B. Harvey, is performing picket duty at Great Falls. It numbers nine hundred and two men, and is armed with improved rifles and muskets. The internal condition of the regiment is good. It is very well drilled. The Eighth regiment. Colonel George L. Hays, numbers eight hun- dred and ninety men, armed with rifles and muskets of improved patterns. An officer is out recruiting for it. The men are well equipped and well drilled. The Ninth regiment. Colonel Jackson, lacks sixty-three men of its complement. Company A, has Sharp's breach-loading rifles without bayonets, which were furnished by the men. Company B, has Spring- field rifle muskets ; the other companies have the altered flint-locks. The men have no overcoats, and the colonel says, that after sending several requisitions for them, to Harrisburg, he, this morning, sent one to the proper bureau in Washington. They are also short of blankets. The colonel reports, that the men have great distrust of their guns, and that.that will be a source of weakness in case of active operations. The drill and discipline are very good. The Tenth regiment, Colonel John S. McCalmont, have the altered flint-lock, except the flank companies, which have rifles. Complaint is TENALLYTOWN. 113 made that requisitions for overcoats and blankets have not been filled. The regiment consists of nine hundred and fifty -two officers and men. It is well drilled. The Eleventh regiment, Colonel T. F. Gallagher, nine hundred and forty-two strong, is armed with the altered flint-locks, except the flank companies, which have rifles. The supply of blankets cover the origi- nal number of men enlisted, but recruits are unsupplied. The members of this regiment have great aversion to their old muskets. They are very well drilled. The Twelfth regiment consists of nine companies, with a total of eight hundred and sixty -two men ; the flank companies have the Minnie rifles, and the other seven, the Harper's Ferry muskets. There are several vacancies in the company officers, caused by resignation aijd sickness, which impairs the efficiency of the regiment. Captain Easton's battery consists of four guns, two of which are twelve pounders, and two are twenty-four pounders. Captain Cooper has four guns, of which two are six pounders, James' rifled, and two are six pounder smooth-bore ; a section of this battery is on detached duty at Great Falls. Captain Matthew's battery consists of four guns, six pounders. In addition, there is a company of cavalry from New York, attached to the brigade. It consists of seventy-flve men. The aggregate force of the brigade is not up to the maximum fixed by law, but the work of recruiting is going on. The command is in good condition. The sick list is larger than at any former period, being five hundred and ninety-eight out of an aggregate of ten thousand four hundred and sixty-five ; of the sick nine are commissioned officers, and seventy -three non-commissioned officers. The proportion of deaths is small. The discipline of the camp is good, the absentees few, and the promptness, whenever in the discharge of duty, commendable. Information was received from General Stnitli, ttat the enemy was moving to the right and would appear in force on the river. To meet this movement, General McCall issued an order to his command, early in the morning of the 4th of September, to be in readiness to move at a moment's notice, with two days' cooked rations in their haversacks. A despatch from General McGlellan was read at dress parade, which informed General McCall, that he would cer- tainly be attacked within forty-eight hours. The of&cers and men received the report with joy and exultation ; they put themselves in readiness for battle and impatiently waited for the order to march. The Seventh regiment with a de- 114 HISTOET OF THE PBKNSYLVANIA RESERVES. tachment of cavalry and a section of artillery, was sent to Great Falls on tlie 24:'tli of August, and remained there guarding the fords. Several times during the week, the pickets were fired on by the enemy's scouts, but with no effect. At half-past eight o'clock on the morning of the 4th of September, the enemy opened on the picket station with two twenty -four pound howitzers, and three rifled cannon, from the Virginia side of the river. The section of artillery was at once trained on the enemy, the distance, however, being beyond the range of the guns, the shots fell short of the enemy's position. Colonel Harvey immediately reported the facts to General McGall, who sent forward two Whit- worth rifle guns of great range, and the Eighth regiment of infantry, to support the Seventh. The enemy, however, after throwing about fifty shells, without doing any damage, ceased firing at eleven o'clock and withdrew from the river. The reinforcements were ordered back to camp, where, with their companions, they grieved because all prospects of a battle had now vanished. The Eeserves constracted a square redoubt at Tenally- town, mounting twelve guns, which was named Fort Penn- sylvania ; they also built two lunettes and named them Fort Gaines and Fort Cameron ; these works formed part of the fortifications for the defense of Washington. On the 10th of September, Governor Curtin, presented to the regiments of the Reserve Corps, the stands of colors provided in accordance with a resolution passed by the Legislature of Pennsylvania, appropriating funds donated by the " Cincinnati Society" of Philadelphia, for the purchase of flags for the Pennsylvania volunteer regiments. The ceremonies of the presentation were the most imposing that, up to that time, had been witnessed in the army. The regi- ments were formed at nine o'clock in the morning, on the division parade-ground, in the following order, commencing on the right: The Fifth regiment, Colonel Simmons; the First regiment. Colonel Roberts; the Eighth regiment, Colo- nel Hays; the Third regiment, Colonel Sickel: the Seventh TENALLYTOWN. 115 regiment, Colonel Harvey; the Eleventh regiment, Colonel Gallagher; the Tenth regiment. Colonel McCalmont; the Sixth regiment, Colonel Ricketts, and the Twelfth regiment Colonel Taggart. The Fourth regiment, Colonel March, and the Ninth regiment. Colonel Jackson, were on picket duty. The Second regiment. Colonel Mann, and the Thirteenth regiment, Colonel Biddle, were in General Banks' army. The color companies were formed in line in front, with the colonel of each regiment at the head of the company. The parade ground was surrounded by a line of guards to exclude the vast multitude of soldiers and civilians, that had collected to witness the presentation. At eleven o'clock. President Lincoln, accompanied by Honorable Simon Came- ron, Secretary of War, drove into the enclosure; a few minutes later General McClellan arrived, escorted by the McClellan Erfle Guards of Chicago, and accompanied by Adjutant-General Lorenzo Thomas, General Butler, and General Mansfield. Half an hour later, the sound of artil- lery, firing the appropriate salute, announced the arrival of His Excellency, the Governor of Pennsylvania. Governor Curtin, accompanied by the members of his staff, Surgeon- General Henry H. Smith, Judge Maxwell, paymaster-gen- eral, and many distinguished citizens, soon appeared on the parade ground. Colonel Simmons, Fifth regiment, which had marched to Washington to escort the Governor to Tenallytown, moved into position at the right of the line, and General McCall reported his command in readi- ness to receive the colors. After receiving most cordial greetings, from the President, the Secretary of War, the General-in-Chief, and the General Commanding, His Excel- lency, the Governor, proceeded to formally present the colors to the colonels of the several regiments, at the head of their color companies. Attended by his staff' and Gene- ral McCall, he commenced at the right of the line and placed in the hands of each colonel, the beautiful flag pro- vided by the State of Pennsylvania, sayiag at the same time, that he was authorized to do so by a recent Act of the 116 HISTOBY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA RESERVES. Legislature. After having received the colors, the compa- nies -wheeled by platoons and marched around the right and left of the line to the rear, and took their places in the line with their new colors unfurled to the breeze. The flags were made of blue silk, fringed with yellow ; in the centre was embroidered the coat of arms of the State of Pennsylvania, surrounded by thirteen golden stars; the number of each regiment also, appeared on the flag it received. Having passed along the entire line and deliv- ered the badges of honor to the regiments, Governor Curtin returned to his carriage, and, standing upon the seat, thus addressed the soldiers : General McOall and Men of Pennstlvania : — Were it not for the surroundings, one might be struck by the novelty of this scene. Large assemblages of the people of Pennsylvania, on any occasion which calls them together for deliberation on subjects touching the general welfare and the public good, are always attended with a charm that fascinates. But when I look over the thousands of Pennsylvanians away from the soil of their State, in arms, there is inspiration in the occasion. I came here to-day on a duty enjoined by the Legislature of Penn- sylvania. The remnant of the descendants of the heroes and sages of the Revolution, in the Keystone State, known as the Cincinnati Society, presented me Tvith a sum of money to arm and equip the volunteers of Pennsylvania, who might go into public service in the present exigency. I referred the subject to the Legislature. They instructed me to make these flags, and to pay for them with the money of the Cincin- nati Society. I have placed in the centre of the azure field the coat-of- arms of your great and glorious State, and around it a, bright galaxy of stars. I give these flags to you to-day, and I know you will carry them wherever you appear, in honor, and that the credit of the State will never suffer in your hands. Our peaceful pursuits in Pennsylvania have been broken. Many of our people have abandoned those arts of industry which lead to development and progress, and have been forced to bear arms. They have responded to the call of the National Government, and while you are here in obedience to that call, your fellow-citizens at home are occupying the camps you have lately vacated. All our material wealth, and the life of every man in Pennsylvania, stands pledged to vindicate the right, to sustain the Government, and to restore the ascendancy of law and order. You are here for that purpose, with no hope of acquisition or vengeance, nor from any desire to be enriched by the shedding of biood. God forbid ! Our people are for peace. TKNALLYTOWN. 117 But if men lay violent hands on the sacred fabric of the Government, tiiijustly spill the blood of their brethren, and tear the sacred constitu- tion to pieces, Pennsylvania is for war — war to the death 1 How is it, my friends, that we of Pennsylvania are interrupted in our progress and development ? How is it that workshops are closed, and that our mechanical and agricultural pursuits do not secure their merited reward ? It is because folly, fanaticism, rebellion, murder, piracy, and treason prevail over a portion of this land ; and we are here to-day to vindicate the right, to sustain the Government, to defend the Constitution, and to shed the blood of Pennsylvanians, if it need be, to produce this result. It will do no harm to repeat here, in the presence of so many Pennsylvanians in arms, that in our State the true principles of human liberty were first promulgated to the world ; and there also the Con- vention met that framed the Constitution ; and Pennsylvania, loyal in the Revolution, now stands solidly and defiantly to arrest the treaso* and rebellion that would tear into pieces the sacred instrument of our Union of States. My friends, one might regret to see so many men of Pennsylvania here in arms to-day. But there is a pleasure in the recollection that you have been willing to volunteer your services in the defence of the great principle of human liberty. Should the wrong prevail, should treason and rebellion succeed, we have no government. Progress is stopped, civilization stands still, and Christianity in the world, for the time, must cease — cease forever. Liberty, Civilization and Christianity hang upon the result of this great contest. God is for the truth and the light. Stand by your colors, my friends, this day delivered to you, and the right will prevail. I present to you, to-day, as the representative of the people of Pennsylvania, these beautiful colors. I place in your hands the honor of your State. Thousands of your fellow-citizens at home, look to you to vindicate the honor of your great State. If you fail, hearts and homes will be made desolate. If you succeed, thousands of Pennsylvanians will rejoice over your success, and on your return, you will be hailed as heroes who have gone forth to battle for the right. They follow you with their prayers. They look to you to vindicate a great Government, to sustain legitimate power, and to crush out rebellion. - Thousands of your friends in Pennsylvania know of the presentation of these flags to-day ; and I am sure, that I am authorized to say that their blessing is upon you. May the God of Battles in His wisdom protect your lives, and may Eight, Truth and Justice prevail. General McCall responded : GovEBNOE CuBTiN : — Permit me, in the name of the Pennsylvania Reserve Corps, to return, through yo&r Excellency, to the State of our 118 HISTOEY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA EESEEVES. birth, the thanks with which we receive the splendid banners that, in accordance with an Act of the State Legislature, you have this day presented. The bestowal of these noble banners devolves upon the regiments of this division, a responsibiUty they cheerfully accept ; and they trust, . with the aid of the God of Battles, to bear these Stars and Stripes proudly in the conflict, and to place the banner of our State amongst the foremost in the cause of the Constitution and the ,Union of our common country. At tlie close of the ceremonies, tlie distinguisHed visitors repaired to General McCall's tent and partook of a bounteoua collation, prepared for them hy the commanding general. In compliance with instructions received from the head- quarters of the Army of the Potomac, the regiments of the Pennsylvania Eeserve Corps, were on the 16th of September organfeed into three brigades, and the brigades into a di- vision, to be known as "McCall's Division." The First brigade was composed of thfe regiment of cavalry, and the Fifth, First, Second and Eighth regiments of infantry, com- manded by Brigadier-General John F. Beynolds. The second brigade was composed of the Thirteenth, Fourth, Third, Seventh and Eleventh regiments, and was commanded by Brigadier-General George G. Meade. The Third brigade was composed of the Tenth, Sixth, Ninth and Twelfth regi- ments ; Colonel McCalmont of the Tenth regiment was as- signed to the command of this brigade until the arrival of the general who should be appointed to that position. To complete the organization of the departments, General McCall appointed Captain Chandler Hall, division quartet- master ; Captain James B. Clow, commissary of subsistence ; Lieutenant Estruries Beatty, ordnance officer, and Dr. An- thony E. Stocker, surgeon at division headquarters. General Eeynolds appointed on the staff of the First brigade, Charles Kingsberry, assistant adjutant-general; Charles B. Lamborne, and Henry S. Spear, aides-de-camp; Captain Chandler Hall, who acted as division quartermaster, was quartermaster of the First brigade, and James B. Clow, though discharging the diities of commissary for the divi- TENALLYTOWN. 119 sioiij had been appointed, and continued the commissary On Eeynold's staff; Dr. James B. King was appointed brigade surgeon. General Meade commanding the Second brigade, ap- pointed Edward 0. Baird, assistant adjutant-general; J. Hamilton Kuhn, and Williani W. Watmough, aides-de- eamp ; Captain Samuel Eingwalt, quartermaster ; James P. Fredericks, commissary of subsistence, and Anthony E. Stocker, surgeon. In November, Brigadier-General Edward 0. C. Ord, re- ported for duty in McCall's division, and was assigned to the command of the Third brigade. He appointed on his staff. Captain Placidus Ord, assistant adjutant-general ; Samuel S. Seward, and A. Brady Sharp, aides-de-camp ; Captain Wil- liam Painter, quartermaster ; Captain James M. Tillapaugh, commissary of subsistence, and Dr. W. G. Lowman, surgeon. Before moving from Tenallytown, the command was re- ported by General McCall to be in the following condition : " Seven companies of cavalry numbering seven hundred and sixteen men, are in camp ; they are well-mounted, and I have high hopes for the efficiency of the regiment. Captain Bayard of the regular army has been elected colonel ; the other three companies are in Pennsylvania, not yet fully recruited. " Of the eight artillery companies belonging to this corps, as organized by the State of Pennsylvania, three are still in the city of Washington; Captain Barr is with Brigadier- General Smith, beyond chain bridge; Captain Matthews is with the column commanded by Major-General Banks, and Captain Cooper is at Great Falls with two sections of his battery. Captain Barr and Captain Matthews, have been transferred since the date of my last report, leaving in this camp but two batteries and one section; Captain Easton's battery of four guns. Captain West's battery of four guns, and a section of Captain Cooper's battery of two guns, in all, ten guns, of which two are twenty-four;- pounders, two twelve-pounders, and six are six-poundera. 120 HISTORY OF THE PENNSTLVANIA EESEBVES. We have also eight parrot-rifle ten-pounders, of which six are mounted and ready for service. These are part of the outfit of the corps furnished by the State of Pennsylvania . and it is proposed to distribute them among the batteries. " The First infantry regiment is now well armed ; men complain of the weight of the cartridge boxes from want of shoulder-belts, which they have thus far been unable to procure. The health of this regiment is good. It has been in camp and field nearly four months, and has not lost a man from accident or disease. " The Second regiment is with Major-General Banks, also the Kane rifle regiment ; the latter will join this division in a day or two. " The Third regiment has been unable to procure cross- belts, the only thing necessary to their complete equip- ment. The condition of this regiment is very good. " The Fourth, though badly armed, is progressing in the drill. " The Fifth is in admirable order. " The Sixth is unfortunate in the sickness and absence of its colonel and lieutenant- colonel. The former went home feeble, after severe illness ; the latter who was furloughed, has not yet returned ; one captain and two lieutenants are sick ; and one captain and a lieutenant are on signal duty. " These causes contribute materially to weaken the effi- ciency of the regiment. Two of the men have died during the week, one in 'the hospital in Washington and the other in camp. " The Seventh regiment, which has been on picket duty at Great Falls for two weeks returned last evening. It has rendered valuable service, and is in promising condi- tion. " The Eighth regiment is at present on picket duty ; it is well-armed, well-equipped and well-drilled. " The Ninth is now on picket duty. Since last report this regiment has received new arms and a partial supply of overcoats. TENALLYTOWK. 12l "Tlie Tentli regiment lias received cross-belts and blankets, and is newly-armed witb the exception of three companies. " Tbe Eleventh regiment has received overcoats from the State. This is a well-drilled regiment and with the im- proved arms, with which it is now supplied, would be very effective. " The Twelfth regiment is suffering very much from the number of vacancies in its company ofl&cers. In but three of the nine companies, are all the of&ces filled, and the officers present on duty. The regiment is well-armed and the drills are regularly maintained. " There are five hundred and fifty-two on the sick report. The command consists of eleven thousand two hundred and fifty-five men, making the proportion of sick about one-half of one per cent. The regiment principally aflBicted is the Sixth, whose sick report, shows an increase of ten within the last week. " The general condition of the command is good. Disci- pline is maintained and duties are performed with prompt- ness. When the command was suddenly ordered to chain bridge, to support Brigadier-General Smith, the men res- ponded with great alacrity, and in a spirit evincing a readiness to meet every emergency." To fiU the vacancy in the Fourth regiment, caused by the resignation of Colonel March, Lieutenant- Colonel Magilton, of the Second regiment, was elected colonel, on the 4th of October, 1861. Albert L. Magilton was born in New Castle county, Delaware, on the 8th of July, 1826. Soon after his birth his parents removed to Philadelphia. Albert was educated in the public schools of the city, and, in May, 1842, on the recommendation of Professor A. D. Bache, principal of the Central High School, was appointed to a cadetship at West Point. He graduated in June, 1846, and was immediately appointed brevet second lieutenant in the Fourth United States artillery, stationed at Fortress Monroe. In October, Lieutenant Magilton sailed, with a part of the regiment to which he was attached, from Hampton Koads for Brazos X22 HISTORY or THE PENNSYLVANIA RESERVES. Santiago, Texas. Soon after arriving in Texas, the regi- ment was sent to Tampico, and -was assigned to the second brigade of General Twiggs' division, in Scott's army, at Vera Cruz. Lieutenant Magilton was engaged with his command in all the battles in the Mexican war, from the battle of Vera Cruz to the taking of the city of Mexico, and was brevetted first lieutenant for gallant and meritorious services in the battle of Contreras, on the 20th of August, 1847. In August, 1848, he returned to the United States, and was stationed at Fortress Monroe until October, when he was ordered to New Orleans, and accompanied the greater part of the Fourth regiment to Florida, and was actively engaged in the war against the Seminole Indians. In May, 1850, he was transferred to a battery stationed at Fort Leavenworth, in the Indian Territory, where he was employed in service on the plains until 1853, when he received orders to proceed to Fort Brady, in Michigan. In October, 1855, he was sent to Boston, and thence by steamer to Florida, to serve in the second war against the Indiana fighting under Bowlegs. In June, 1856, he was promoted to the rank of captain, and, in October, was sent with his regiment to Kansas, as a part of the force sent into that Territory to enforce the laws and prevent disturbances among the settlers. On the 31st of December, Captain Magilton resigned his commission in the army and retired into private life in the city of Philadelphia. At the beginning of the Southern rebellion, in the spring of 1861, Captain Magilton called upon Governor Curtin, and informed him that, though then a private citizen, he had received a military education, and would be pleased to make his knowledge and experience available to the government in any capacity it should be deemed most serviceable. Accordingly, when Colonel Mann was sent to Camp Washington, at Easton, Captain Magilton waa requested by Governor Curtin to accompany him, and to instruct the officers and privates in the companies -how to establish and organize the camp. When the Second regi- PIERPONT. 123 ment was formed, Magilton was elected lieutenant-colonel, and served in that position witli the regiment until the companies in the Fourth elected him to the colonelcy of that regiment. Early, in the morning of the 9th of October, General Smith advanced with his whole division from the vicinity of chain bridge to Langley ; he pushed forward a brigade on the Dranesville road and occupied Prospect Hill ; with the main body of his command, he turned southward from the Dranesville turnpike, and marched towards Lewinsville, and took possession of that village and Smott's and Minor's HOls. In order to preserve the unity and strength of the line. General McCall was ordered to move his command on the same day, from his camp at Tenallytown to Langley, a village in Fairfax county, Virginia, two miles west from the chain bridge. In marching into Virginia, the Eifle regiment moved in the advance ; the Artillery followed this regiment, and the Third, Second, and First brigades, marched in successive order. The men were ordered to carry in their haversacks two days' cooked rations, and sixty rounds of ammunition in their cartridge boxes. This, to the citizen soldier, unworn by severe marches and unscarred in battle, was active service. They broke cstaip and mairched across chain bridge into Virginia, as soldiers going to battle. The cheerful spirit and the delight with the change was universal ; the bands of music played " Dixie's Land," and the men rent the air with patriotic cheers. The only sad hearts in the division were those of the men left behind in charge of the camps. The command arrived at a point on the Leesburg turnpike, half a mile west from Langley, in the evening, and bivouacked till the following morning. A line of pickets was estab- lished, commencing at the right of General Smith's line, ,and extending northward, crossing the turnpike in front of the command at Prospect Hill, and resting with the right on the Potomac, During the next day, the transportation and equipage were removed from Tenallytown ; and Camp 124 HISTORY OF THE PEXXSYLVANIA EESEBVES. Pierpont, named in honor of tlie loyal Governor of West -Virginia, was established near Langley. McCall's Division ■was thus made the right of the Army of the Potomac, -which position it held until the close of the Peninsular campaign. Two days after the establishment of the camp in Vir- ginia, the enemy attacked and drove in the pickets near Lewinsville ; the whole corps wa;s ordered under arms and marched out to meet the enemy. It was afterwards learned, however, that the rebel General Beauregard had simply ordered a reconnoissance to learn the new line occupied by the Army of the Potomac. Frequent reconnoissances were made in front of the entire line, extending from Alexandria, in a semi-circle around Washington, to a point on the Poto- mac, four miles above chain bridge. In all of these sallies, conflicts with the enemy more or less severe ensued ; it is noteworthy, that while the commanders of other divisions had frequently the mortification to report the loss, in cap- tures by the enemy, of wagons, artillery, horses or men, the general commanding the Pennsylvania Eeserve Corps was in every expedition successful, and on no occasion reported a reverse in his command or an accident to his troops. On the 18th of October, while in Washington, General McCall receivisd an order from General McClellan, directing him to move his command on the following day to Dranes- ville, and to thoroughly reconnoitre the country, and map the roads and topography as accurately as possible. In giving the order, General McClellan stated to General McCall, that the enemy had left Leesburg, and that there need be no fear of an attack from that direction, but cautioned General McCall to keep a vigilant guard on his lefl, and to be prepared to resist an attack from the direction of Cen- trevill(3. Early on Saturday morning the troops moved from Camp Pierpont, with two days' cooked rations in their haversacks, and at six o'clock in the evening the head of the column halted on a hill a mile and a half beyond Dranesville in PIEEFONT. 125 the direction of Leesburg. General Eeynolds' brigade was in the advance, witb a squadron of Colonel Bayard's cavalry sent forward as scouts ; this was followed by General Meade's brigade ; Colonel McCalmont's brigade marched in the rear. Having spent Saturday in making examinations of the country to the right and left of the road, and for several miles beyond DranesviUe, General McCall was convinced that he could not complete the work satisfactorily, and • return on the following day, in compliance with orders ; he therefore despatched a messenger, on Sunday morning, to the headquarters of the army, to report this fact to General McClellan, who sent an order to General McGall, direct- ing him to return tc^ his camp,. immediately after'the object of the expedition shaU. have been accomplished, on the fol- lowing Monda;y. General McCall having fuUy completed his work, in obedience to orders, put his troops in motion at ten o'clock on Monday morning, to return to Langley. When the General, with his staff, reached Camp Pierpont, at one o'clock on Monday afternoon, before dismounting, he received a despatch from General McClellan, requesting him, if he ha;d not yet moved his command, to remain at Dranesville until he received further orders. Two brigades had already reached camp, and the third was arriving in close order. General McCall immediately telegraphed to General McClellan that his command had already reached Camp Pierpont, and asked, " What shall I do?" General MoClel- lan replied "that he should let his command rest, and be prepared to move at a moment's notice, if required." The arms were stacked, rations were immediately issued, the artillery horses were re-harnessed, and the command was held in readiness until three o'clock in the afternoon of the next day, when General McCaU received orders from General McClellan to dismiss his troops. At four o'clock, three hours after McCall's troops had arrived in camp at Langley, Colonel Baker, commanding two thousand one hundred men, who had been sent across 126 HISTOEY OF THE PEirNSYLVANIA EESEEVES. the Potomac, without facilities for re-crossing, was sud- denly attacked by five thousand rebel troops at Ball's Bluff, and was overwhelmed and defeated with heavy loss. Colonel Baker, a distinguished Senator from California, and a man of rare military genius, was killed, while rallying his brave band for another desperate charge, with the hope of cutting through the enemy's lines to escape capture; two * hundred and twenty -three of his men fell dead by the side of their gallant commander; two hundred and sixty-six were wounded, and four hundred and fifty-five were made prisoners. Had General , McCall been ordered to remain ,at Dranesville on Monday, thirteen thousand well-ordered troops thrown on the flank and rear of the rebel force in firont of Colonel Baker, would have saved the lives of the noble men, who fell a needless sacrifice to that illy-advised advance, and would have spared the nation the disgrace of Ball's Bluff. Colonel Bayard was sent with his regiment of cavalry on a reconnoissance to Dranesville on the 26th of November, for the purpose of learning the position of the enemy's out- posts. The regiment reached a position near Dranesville at five o'clock in the morning, and by dividing the regiment into two squadrons, and moving to the right and left. Colonel Bayard surrounded the village with his troopers and captured the enemy's pickets ; two cavalrymen belonging to Colonel Stuart's " Virginia Horse" were captured by Cap- tain *Stadlemann, of company B. Colonel Bayard also arrested six citizens of Dranesville, who were "known to be secessionists of the bitterest stamp." As the regiment was returning with the prisoners, seven miles east of Dranesville, it was fired upon by the enemy concealed in a dense pine thicket. The first volley was aimed at the head of the column and mortally wounded Assistant-surgeon Alexander and Private Houghtaling. Colonel Bayard's horse was shot, and two balls penetrated his coat and slightly wounded him ; Surgeon Stanton also ha,d his horse shot twice, and received a rebel bullet in his clothes. The PIEEPONT. 127 regiment immediately surrounded tlie woods, and the carbineers dismounted and entering the thicket, drove the enemy from his hiding place. Two of the enemy were killed and four were captured. Colonel Bayard, in his report, says : " We killed or captured all we saw." A general court-martial was convened in McCall's divi- sion on the 4th of December, for the trial of Colonel John H. Taggart, commanding the Twelfth regiment, on a charge preferred against him by Captain Gustin, of company C, and Lieutenant Harding, of company B, of his regiment. The charge was that of "conduct unbecoming an officer and a gentleman." The specifications set forth, that Colonel Taggart had " shamefully beaten " and otherwise ill-treated three privates in the companies commanded by the officers who arraigned him ; and also that he had obtained money from the companies by false promises. The evidence taken by the court established that the men fired their guns in the cars while passing from Baltimore to Washington, and that it was necessary to use violent measures to reduce them to obedience of orders. On another occasion, some five or six of the men left the ranks to enter an orchard, and when asked to return to their companies, refused to do so, and force was employed to maintain subordination. The finding of the court, of which General Ord was presi- dent, was that, of the charge and specifications Colonel Taggart was " not guilty ;" and that, " the court does there- fore honorably acquit him ; and in the opinion of this court the charge and specifications are frivolous and vexatious." On reviewing the proceedings, General McClellan issued the fallowing order : " The Major-General Commanding is surprised that the charge and specifications against Colonel Taggart were ever brought to trial, resting as they do upon evidence which is so complete a vindication of his conduct. It appears that the men whom, in the enforcement of good order and military discipline, he was obliged to punish, 128 . HISTOET OF THE PENNSYLVANIA EESEEVE3. were contumacious and insubordinate— ^were, some of them, engaged in pillaging and pilfering, in -whicli they persisted after admonition, and others were gnilty of firing their guns in the cars to the terror of the passengers, contrary to positive orders. In order to reduce them to obedience, it was necessary to act with promptitude and energy. They resisted his authority, and if much severer punish- ment had been necessary to restore order, it would have been fully justified. The proceedings of the court-martial are confirmed. Colonel Taggart will resume his sword and his duties." On the 6th o/ December, General McCall sent General Meade's brigade, Kern's battery, and a squadron of cavalry, commanded by Major Jones, to Gunnell's farm, two miles and a half northeast from Dranesville, with instructions to capture two young men, nephews of Gunnell, and spies and murderers; also to bring in all the forage found on the farm. General Ord's brigade marched out and halted in supporting distance, in case Meade should be attacked. General Meade fully complied with his orders. He cap- tured the spies and three of their associates, and brought in fifty-seven wagon loads of grain, seven horses, two oxen, one wagon, one fowling piece, and two negroes, which, with the five white prisoners, were sent to McGlellan's head- quarters. During the day, General McCall rode to the ^ front, and found Meade's command in most perfect order. In his report to General McClellan, he said : " It is with pleasure I refer to the very exemplary conduct of all the troops on this occa- sion ; I can commend, from personal observation, the good discipline maintained; there was no straggling or lagging behind during the march out or returning." While the command was in camp at Tenallytown the cavalry regiment was drilled and exercised in the move- ments on the field ; after the corps crossed the river the men were trained as scouts and soon became one of the most efficient regiments in the service. One of the scouts . ^. DEANE3VILLK. 129 from this regiment returned to camp on the 19tli of December and reported to General McCall that the enemy would be at Dranesville on the following day, with a strong foraging party and a wagon train, for the purpose of carry- ing away all the forage and grain in the country in front of the camp of the Eeserves. General McCall was unwil- ling to allow the country from which he drew large supplies of forage, to be plundered by the enemy ; he at once deter- mined to dispute the right to the property between the lines of the hostile armies, and accordingly ordered his division to be ready to march on the morning of the 20th. The Third brigade, commanded by General Ord, whose turn it was on the roster for armed service, was ordered to move out the Dranesville road at daylight. The First brigade, commanded by General- Eeynolds, was ordered to march at eight o'clock; and the Second brigade, com- manded by General Meade, was held in reserve, with orders to be in readiness to follow if required to reinforce the brigades in front. The Thirteenth regiment, commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel Kane, was temporarily assigned to the Third brigade, to act as skirmishers. A detachment of cavalry commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel Higgins, and Easton's battery, consisting of two twenty-four-pound howitzers and two twelve-pounders, was ordered to accom- pany the brigade. In his instructions to General Ord, General McCall said: "The object of the expedition is two-fold. In the first place, to drive back the enemy's pickets, which have advanced within four or five miles of our lines, and have carried off two good Union men and threatened others ; and secondly, to procure a supply oi forage." The forage train was placed in charge of Captain Hall, who was instructed to " procure forage at GunneU's or some other rank secessionist's farm." At six o'clock in the morning, the air cold and a thin frost covering the ground, the men were in position and ready to march. The Bucktails were placed in the advance of the infantry, and were preceded by the cavalry scouts 9 130 HISTOJIT OF THE PENNSYLVANIA EESEEVES. tbrown forward to discover the position of tlie enemy's pickets. Baoh regiment tkrew out two companies of flankers on each side of the column to scour the woods and prevent a surprise. The march of the command was as regular and as prompt as that of a body of veterans. At Difficult creek there was an alarm given hy some of the scouting parties, and the brigade was ordered to halt. General Ord, upon investigation, found no enemy in the immediate vicinity and ordered the men to refresh them- selves with a lunch from their knapsacks. The march was tlien continued until the head of the column reached Dranesville soon after eleven o'clock. While waiting in Dranesville for the regiments in the rear to come up. Gene- ral Ord posted the cavalry and artillery, supported by the Ninth regiment, commanded by Colonel Jackson, and a portion of Kane's Eifle regiment, so as to cover the ap- proaches to the village. The presence of the enemy's mounted men on the slopes behind a wooded hollow south of the road, and also the appearance of a broad mass of smoke in the direction of Centreville, convinced Genei'al Ord of the presence of the enemy. To meet an attack from the Centreville road, the brigade was faced southward and Lieutenant-Colonel Kane was sent with his regiment to occupy the woods in the rear, on which it was believed the enemy had a considerable force. The Tenth regiment Colonel McCalmont, followed by the Sixth, commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel Penrose, and the Twelfth, commanded by Colonel Taggart, which formed the rear guard, closed up promptly. While this disposition of the troops was being made on the right and front to meet the enemy. Colonel Taggart's flankers discovered the enemy on the south side of the Leesburg pike, and reported that, from a hill, a large force of rebel troops was seen moving northward on the Centre- ville road. On other portions of the line, the flanking companies came in contact with the enemy's scouts, and it was evident that a considerable body of rebel troops was DEANESVILLE. 131 in tte neigliborliood. General Ord had early in tlie day despatched a messenger to General McCall to inform him of the situation in the front ; immediately on receiving the niessage, General McCall proceeded to Dranesville and arrived there soon after the battle had commenced. Gene- ral Ord in the meantime had so admirably disposed .his regiments that his conduct received the approval of the commander of the division. Believing the enemy would attack simultaneously on both sides of the turnpike, General Ord directed Colonel McCalmont to place his regiment on the north side of the road in the woods, to bring it forward into line and attack the enemy if he advanced on that side of the road. Colonel Jackson was ordered to occupy a c^prresponding position on the south side of the road. The Bucktails were placed between these two flanking regiments with orders to defend the column against an attack in the rear. The cavalry formed in the road west of the Bucktails; the artillery was placed in the centre, and the Sixth and Twelfth regiments were on the turnpike, and when the brigade faced the south towards the Centreville road, formed the left of the line. General Stuart, who commanded the enemy, having discovered that General Ord's brigade was passing beyond the intersection of the Centreville road with, the Leesburg and Dranesville pike, determined to seize the intersection and cut the communicajion of the brigade with Camp Pierpont. His command included the Eleventh Virginia regiment, commanded by Colonel Garland; the Sixth South Carolina, Lieutenant-Colonel Secrest; the Tenth Alabama, Colonel Forney ; the First Kentucky, Colonel Taylor ; the Sumter Artillery, Captain Cutts, and Eansom's and Eadford's Cavalry. Greneral Stuart placed the Eleventh Virginia and the Tenth Alabama regiments on the right of the Centreville road ; and the Sixth South Carolina, and the First Kentucky regiment on the left ; the artillery was advanced in the road between the columns of infantj-y, and 132 HISTOBT OF THE PENNSYLVANIA BESEEVE3. the cavaby regiments covered the flanks. In this order the rebel general pushed forward his command until the advance of the Eleventh Virginia came in contact withi the flanking company of Colonel Taggart's regiment ; at that moment hearing the firing of the skirmishers he opened fire with his artillery intending to enfilade the road and prevent the return of the regiments that had already passed the intersection. Colonel Taggart brought his regiment into line to meet the enemy and immediately sent his adju- tant, Lieutenant S. B. Smith to General Ord, who was at the right of the line, to report that the enemy was advan- cing in force on the Centreville road. General Ord immediately ordered the cavalry to the left flank, and selecting a commanding position fon the artillery directed Captain Easton to open on the enemy's battery. The battery came down the pike with a galloping speed that carried it beyond the. position and capsized one of the guns ; the three remaining guns were posted as directed by the general, and Captain Easton opened on the enemy's position and shelled the woods ; the gunners taking aim at the rising smoke as the enemy's battery was invisible. The third discharge exploded one 6f the enemy's caissons ; the dead horses and men, and fragments of broken limbers and exploded caissons found in the Centreville road after the battle, showed with what remarkable precision Captain Easton's battery had been served. Though General Ord had, at flrst, supposed the enemy would attack on both sides of the road, and moved his infantry to meet such an attack, he was soon convinced that the whole force of the enemy was on the south side of the road ; and proceeded at once to make the necessary change in the disposition of -his regiments. Neither McCal- mont nor Jackson had yet had time to come into line under the first order, but were moving by the flank; Colonel McCalmont was ordered to move to the support of the battery which was now raking the road occupied by the enemy. DBANESVILLE. 133 Colonel Jackson faced his regiment to the front and witli Kane's Eifles on his left was put in the woods on the right, west of the Centreville road, and pushed up the hill ; the men required no urging forward, but were with difficulty restrained by the officers, from rushing upon the enemy in a double-quick charge. Captain Baston's gunners had already demolished the rebel battery and were now ordered to cease firing to allow the infantry to close the battle with the bayonet. The Ninth regiment came close upon the enemy in the woods, but the dense undergrowth rendered it impossible to distinguish foe from friend ; the men were anxious to fire, but an officer having informed Colonel Jackson that the troops in his front were the Bucktails, he reserved his fire ^until just as Captain Gal way was in the act of reporting them to be the enemy he received a volley from the First Kentucky regiment ; the Ninth promptly returned the fire, and charging upon the enemy, who made a stubborn resis- tance, finally drove them from the woods. Had Colonel Jackson been perfectly satisfied at the onset that the troops in his front were rebels, he would have driven them from their position with the bayonet before they would have had time to fire on his regiment. The Bucktails engaged the enemy on both sides of the road, and seizing a brick house, which the enemy was en- deavoring to reach, the riflemen speedily converted it into a fortification against the enemy. As they drove back the rebels the Bucktails hotly pursued them, led on by Lieutenant-Colonel Kane, who soon after passing beyond the house, was shot in the face and fell to the ground, but immediately rising again he bound up his wound and re- sumed his place at the head of his regiment. Meantime the Sixth regiment commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel Penrose, acting in conjunction with Kane's Eifles, moved forward between the Centerville road and the Alexandria pikes, and vigorously engaged the rebel regiments that were advancing to turn the left of General Ord's position. 134 HISTOBT OF THE PENNSYLVANIA BESEBVES. The Twelfth had been thrown round the enemy's left flank, for the purpose of capturing the battery, by cutting off its retreat on the Oenterville road. In order that he might be able to remain close to his men. General Ord directed Colonel Taggart to dismount and accompany his regiment on foot into the dense woods covering the enemy's left. The Twelfth received the ■ order to advance with cheers, and promptly entered the dense woods torn by rebel shells and rattling with rebel musketry ; but the enemy finding himself out-flanked, hurriedly withdrew his battery beyond the reach of the advancing regiment. Soon after the beginning of the battle, General Ord moving moving to the left with cavalry, discovered a position from which the road occupied by the enemy could be enfiladed, and ordered Captain Easton to right the capsized gun and to open an enfilading fire on the enemy's position ; the order was promptly executed, and had the double effect of breaking the enemy's lines, and also of leading him to believe that reinforcements had arrived and opened a battery on his right flank. Colonel McCalmont believing the enemy would attempt to turn the left, sent out Captain Thos. McConnell with a platoon of skirmishers from Company B, of the Tenth regiment, with orders tq approach the enemy's cannoneers and discover whether there was any movement to turn the left of the brigade. Captain McConnell soon reported that the enemy had given way under the fire of artillery and the musketry on the right, and was retreating in a southerly di- rection. It was now nearly one o'clock, and General McCall ordered the whole line to advance against the enemy, who was giving way in every part of the field ; the retreat soon became a rout, and the enemy fled precipitously, leaving his dead and wounded, and large quantities of arms, ammu- nition and clothing on the field, and victory honored the banners of the Eeserves in their first battle. Up to this time reverse had suceeded reverse in all of the' encounters with the enemy by the Army of the Potoinao. DEAKESVILLE. 135 • It was left for the Pennsylvania Eeserve Corps, a body of men recruited, ofiELcered and organized by the State of Pennsylvania, to redeem the honor of the National Arms, to encourage the people of the North, and to restore confi- dence in their armies. The battle raged furiously during an hour and a half. General McCall arrived on the field soon after twelve o'clock ; and having stopped at Dif&cult creek, he directed General Reynolds to hold his brigade in readiness to march. When he approached the battle field, General McCall heard the report of the enemy's artillery open on Ord's brigade and immediately sent a messenger back to Reynolds with orders to move forward. The brigade came up and was ordered to take a position on the left and move against the enemy's right flank, while Ord's brigade would charge in front. The hill in front of Reynolds was densely covered with a pine thicket, which caused so much delay in the movement, that the charge was ordered by General McCall and the enemy routed before his troops came up. The casualties in the Reserve Corps in the battle of Dranesville were, six killed and sixty-one wounded ; two were reported missing. The killed were Samuel C. Walker and Daniel Darling of the Sixth regiment ; John Sexton and John W. Stockdale of the Ninth ; G. Raup, S. Galbraith and G. Cook of the Thirteenth regiment. Among the wounded there were five commissioned and two non-com- missioned of&cers. In the Sixth regiment there were two privates killed, one officer and twelve privates wounded ; in the Ninth, two privates were killed, two commissioned officers oiie corporal and seventeen privates wounded ; in the Twelfth there was one private wounded ; in the Thirteenth there were two privates killed, two officers, one sergeant and twenty-five privates were wounded. The Cavalry regiment lost one horse killed ; there were no casualties in the Tenth regi- ment, and in the Artillery but one man received a slight wound. 136 HISTOEY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA EESEEVES. The enemy reported tlie engagement as having been very severe; and placed his loss at forty-three killed, one hundred and forty three wounded and forty -four missing. After the battle-- -w^as ended, the dead and wounded placed in ambulances or on stretchers to be carried by the men, for the department at Washington had not yet furnished a sufficient number of ambulances to the corps, and the enemy's wounded who could not be removed, placed in houses, the command returned to Camp Pierpont with forage, trophies and victory.; having in one day marched twenty -two miles, fought a battle, won a victory, and col- lected sixteen wagon loads of hay and twenty-two of corn. General McCall made the following report of the battle to General McGlellan : Head Quabters McCall's Sitisioh, Camp Pibepont, Deceniber 22, 1861. Geneeal : — I have the honor to present, for the information of the general-in-chief, a more detailed accomit of the affair at Dranesville on the 20th instant, together with reports of Brigadier-General E. O. C. Ord, commanding third brigade of my division, and the commanders of the Sixth infantry, Lieutenant-Colonel W. B. Penrose ; of the Ninth infantry, Colonel C. F. Jackson ; of the Tenth Infantry, Colonel J. S. McCalmont ; of the Twelfth infantry. Colonel J. H. Taggart ; of the First rifles; Lieutenant-Colonel T. L. Kane ; of two squadrons of the First cavalry, Lieutenant- Colonel J. Higgins, and Easton's battery, Captain H. Easton, Pennsylvania Reserve. On the evening of the 19th, havmg learned that the enemy's pickets had advanced to within four or five miles of our lines, and carried off two good Union men, and plundered and threatened others, and that their reserve was in the neighborhood, at Dranesville, I gave written instructions (a copy of which is marked A) to Brigadier-General Ord to move with his brigade at six a. m. on the 20th, to suiTound and cap- ture this party, and at the same time to collect a supply of forage from the farms of some of the rank secessionists in that vicinity. Brigadier- General J. F. Reynolds, with the first brigade, was directed to move on to Difficult Creek, to be ready to support Ord in the event of his meeting a force stronger than his own. At half-past ten a. m. on the 20th, I received a despatch from General Ord, written on the march, informing me that the guide had learned on the way that there was a full brigade, but without artillery, at Hem- DBANESVILLE. 137 don's Station, five hundred iifantiy and cavalry at Hunter's Mill, and two hundred infantry between Dranesville and the Potomac. I Imme- diately mounted my horse, and, with my staff and an escort of cavalry, moved rapidly forward to overtake, if possible, Ord's brigade. I stopped for a few moments with Brigadier-Greneral Reynolds at Difficult Creek, and, having dii'ected him to be in readiness to move forward rapidly in case he should be required to support Ord, I rode on. When within about two miles of Dranesville, I heard the first gun fired by the enemy. It was soon answered by Easton's battery, which imparted to me the fact that the enemy had artillery with them. A rapid ride soon brought me to the field, where Ord was hotly engaged. I found Easton's battery judiciously placed and in full blast upon the enemy's battery about five hundred yards in front, on the Centreville road. Here I stopped to observe the practice of our battery, while one of my staff rode off to ascertain where General Ord was. While here, admiring the beautiful accuracy of the shot and shell thrown by this battery upon the battery of the enemy, a force of infantry and cavalry made their appearance from cover on the enemy's right, moving in a direction to turn our left. Colonel McCalmont, whose regiment was on the left, was notified of this movement ; but a few shell from our battery, sldlfully thrown into their midst, checked their advance, and drove them back Ignominiously to cover. Not hearing any thing of General Ord, I set out in search of him on our right, where brisk firing was at the time going on. Here was the Ninth infantry, Colonel Jackson, who had gallantly met the enemy at dose quarters, and nobly sustained the credit of his State. By this time Captain Sheets, of my staff, reported that he had found General Ord near the centre front. Proceeding there, I found the rifles and a part of the Sixth Infantry Pennsylvania reserve engaged under a brisk fire with the enemy. Having met General Ord, we moved forward, and the position where the enemy's battery had been placed was soon gained, and here we had evidence of the fine artillery practice of Easton's battery. The road was strewed with men and horses ; two caissons, erne of them blown up ; a limber, a gun-carriage wheel, a quantity of artillery ammunition, smaU-arms, and an immense quantity of heavy clothing, blankets, &o. The battle was now over, and the victory won. With my consent General Ord made an advance of about one-half mile, but nothing further was to be done, as the enemy, in full flight, had passed beyond our reach. I then recalled Ord and prepared for the return of my com- mand. I ordered the harness to be taken off the enemy's horses which lay dead in the road, and to be put upon horses of my escort, and brought away the perfect caisson and the limber. Early in the day, not knowing what force might be thrown forward from CentreviUe to support the troops we had encountered, I had called forward Brigadier-General Reynolds, First brigade, and Biigader-Qene- i38 HISTOEY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA EESEBVES. ral Meade, Second brigade, from Camp Pierpont, to the support of the Third brigade. Both these distinguished officers promptly brought forward their commands, and I only regretted that the fine disposition of the regiments and battery of Ord's command, together with the gal- lantry of Colonels Jackson, McCalmont and Taggart, «ind Lieutenant- Colonels Kane, Higgins and Penrose, and Captain Baston, had left nothing for Reynolds and Meade to do. The rout of the enemy was complete. But as I did not consider it justifiable to bivouac at Dranes- ville; when my ammunition was much exhausted, and the enemy might easily throw ten or twenty thousand men between me and my camp during the night, I ordered every arrangement to be promptly made for the return march. Some time was reqiiired to prepare our wounded, (sixty officers and men,) to be transpoited to camp, and it was very nearly dark before I got the column in motion. Our killed and wounded as well as so many of the rebel wounded as could be moved, were brought away. The troops we had engaged and defeated were the First Kentucky regiment, Colonel Tom Taylor, about eight hundred strong on the field ; the Tenth Alabama, Colonel Forney, nine hundred strong ; a South Carolina regiment, whose colonel was not known to the prisoners in our possession, who informed me that no intercourse between different regiments was ever allowed, and a Virginia regiment. The Kentucky prisoners informed me they believed a fifth regiment was present, as two or three regiments had left Centreville at three a. m., and they, the Kentucky and Alabama regiments, together with Captain Cutt's Georgia battery, and Stuart's Virginia regiment of cavalry, left at five A. m. The whole were under command of Brigadier-General Stuart. General Ord reports, as worthy of notice his personal staffj and also Colonels McCalmont and Jackson, Lieutenant- Colonel Kane, Captain Easton, First Pennsylvania artillery ; Captain Niles, First rifles ; Cap- tain Bradbury, Sixth infantry P. R. ; Captains Dick and Galway, Kinth infantry, P. R. The number of killed found in front of the position occupied by the Ninth infantry, Colonel Jackson, is, in my estimation, proof enough of the gallantry and discipline of that fine regiment ; but where all behaved nobly it is difficult to discriminate. I must, however, call your atten- tion more particularly to Brigadier-General E. O. C. Ord, commanding Third brigade; for whose able disposition of his regiments and battery, and personal exertions to encourage and urge on his men, too much credit cannot be accorded him. To Captain H. J. Biddle, assistant-adjutant general of my staff; Lieu- tenant S. A. Sheets, aide de-camp ; Captain Clow, brigade commis- sary, acting aid de-camp, and Lieutenant E. Beatty, ordnance officer, acting aid-de-camp, my thanks are due for their gallantry in carrying orders under fire, and for encouraging and urging on the men ; and also DRANESVILLE. 139 to Captain Chandler Hall, brigade-quartermaster, who was energetically employed in collecting forage. It is proper to mention that, deeming it necessary to leave one of my Btaff at head-quarters to superintend the telegraph, and to order foi-ward the reserve, viz. : the Second brigade and three squadrons of cavaliy, if required, the lot fell upon my aid-de-camp. Lieutenant Elbridge Maconkey, who discharged the responsible duty entirely to my satis- faction. Seven prisoners were taken, whose names, &c., are as follows: Cor- poral Ferris, E. Long, and privates William Nelson and Patrick Hughes, of the First Kentucky regiment, and privates Robert R. Moss, Ira Chan- ney, WiUiam Morris, and J. Wilhamson, of the Tenth Alabama regi- ment. The want of ambulances was felt on this occasion, and I would re- spectfully suggest that a few more be ordered to each regiment of my division, as I was unable, for want of transport, to bring from the field aU the wounded prisoners taken in the affair. Those left I had placed in comfortable quarters in Dranesville, where they can be well attended to ; but owing to this deficiency of transportation for the wounded, I was compelled to leave in the hands of the enemy some of my prisoners. Last, not least, I brought in sixteen wagon loads of excellent hay, and twenty-two of com. The followiug hst of killed and wounded ' on our side is, I regret greater than I at first reported, viz : seven killed and sixty-one wounded, including one lieutenant-colonel and four captains, and three missing. From what I have gathered from various reliable sources, I am satisfied that the loss of the enemy was, at the very least, ninety killed left on the field, besides those carried off, amongst whom was, certainly. Colonel Tom Taylor, commanding the First, Kentucky regiment, whom the Kentucky prisoners in my custody state they saw fall from his horse. Colonel Forney is also said to have been killed ; this, however, is not so satisfactorily ascertained. General Stuart is reported by one of the prisoners to have been killed or wounded. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, GEO. A. McCALL, Brigadier-General Commanding BiTlslon. Brigadier-General S. Williams, Assistant Adjutant-General. The authorities at "Washington were so much elated with the conduct of the Reserve Corps, and with the result of the engagement at Dranesville, that the Secretary of War addressed the following letter to General McCall : 140 HISTOBY OF THE PENNSTLVANIA EESEEVES. ■VfAE BePAKTMEKT, December 28, 1861. Bbigadiee- General G. A. McCall, Commanding Division, Camp Pierpont, Virginia. General :— I have read your report of the battle of Dranesville, and although no reply is necessary on my part, yet as a citizen of the same Commonwealth as- yourself and the troops engaged in that brilliant affair, I cannot refrain from expressing to you my admiration of the gallant conduct displayed, both by officers and men, in this their first contest with the enemy. Nearly all your command upon that occasion are either my personal friends or sons of those with whom for long years I have been more or less intimately associated. I feel that I have just cause to be proud that, animated by no other motive than patriotism, they are among the first to revive the glory shed upon our country by the men of the Revolution and soldiers of the War of 1812. It is one of the bright spots that give assurance of the success of coming events ; and its eflect must be to inspire confidence in the belief that hereafter, as heretofore, the cause of our country will triumph. I am especially gratified that a Pennsylvania artillery corps, com- manded by officers who have necessarily had but limited systematic instruction, have won not only the commendation of their friends, but an unwilling compliment from the enemy, for the wonderful rapidity and accuracy of their fire. I wish I could designate all the men who, nobly discharging their duty to the country, have added to the glory of our great commonwealth. Other portions of the army will be stimulated by their brave deeds, and men will be proud to say that at Dranesville they served under McCall and Ord. • I am, General, very respectfully, your obedient servant, SIMON CAMERON, Secretary of War, As soon as the report of the battle was received at Har- risburg, Governor Curtin proceeded to Camp Pierpont to provide for the care of the wounded soldiers, and to con- gratulate the corps for the honor it had conferred on the State. He issued the following order, which was read to the regiments : " The gallantry of ourtroops in the late affair at Dranesville, demands a public acknowledgment. Their courage, conduct, and high discip- line are honorable to the corps and to the Commonwealth by whose forecast it was raised and formed, in anticipation of the exigencies of the country, and whose sons fill its ranks. DEANESVILLE. 141 General MoCall and Brigadier-General Ord, and the officers and men who were engaged under their commands, may be assured that Penn- sylvania is not insensible to their martial virtue, and from them and their fellows, confidently looks for as many further illustrations of it as there shall be opportimities aflforded them." By order of A. G. CURTIN, Governor of Pennsylvania. A. L. KUSSELI,, Ald-de-Camp. General McCall publislied a congratulatory order, and caused to be read to his division the letter from Secretary Cameron and the order &om Governor Curtin. The colors of the regiments that were engaged in the battle, were taken to "Washington, and on each flag " Dranesville, December 20, 1861," was painted in golden letters. 142 HISTORY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA KESEBVES. CHAPTBE V. OPERATIONS OF THE ARMY EAST AND WEST. The effect of the battle of Dranesville— Blocltade of the Potomao— Resignation of General Scott— McClellan appointed General-in-Chief of the National army— Situation on the Potomac— Other Departments- Capture of Hatteras Inlet— Battle of Carnifex Ferry— Operations in Missouri — Change of Commanders in the West — Formidable prepara- tions by Army and Navy — Capture of Port Royal — Bumside's expedi- tion — Battle of Logan's Cross Roads — Capture of Fort Henry and Fort Donelson — Battle of Pea Ridge — The Merrimac— Naval engagements in Hampton Roads — The Monitor — Repose of the Army of the Potomac- Spirit of the people — Mistaken policy — Army corps — President Lincoln's War Orders — The Army of the f otomac ordered to advance — Choice of route to Richmond — Evacuation of Manassas by the rebels — Advance of the Army of the Potomac — Embarkation for the Peninsula — Advance on Yorktown— Siege and Evacuation of Yorlctovirn — Battle of WUhams- burg — Advance to Chickahominy — Battle of Pair Oaks — Detachment of McDowell's Corps — March of the Reserves to Hunter's Mills — "Smoky Hollow " — March to Alexandria — Hard march and stormy night — Pre- parations for a new Campaign — The First Corps moves to Manassas—*- Scenes on the Bull Run battle-field — Paymaster and sutler in camp — Tricks of trade — Advance to Catlett's Station — Capture of Fredericks- burg — Colonel, Taggart's treatment of guerrillas — McDowell desires to advance from Fredericksburg^Promotion of Colonel Bayard and Lieut- enant-Colonel Owen Jones — The First Corps ordered to march on Richmond — President Lincoln at Fredericksburg — McDowell's advance within eight mUes of McClellan' s army— The recall — Jackson's raid — McDowell's troops sent to the Shenandoah — Bayard's Cavalry and the Bucktail battalion pursuing Jackson — Harrisonburgh — Gallant conduct of Bucktails — Capture of Lieutenant-Colonel Kane and Captain Taylor — Battle of Cross Keys — Escape of Jackson. The battle of Dranesville witli its victory gave to the Pennsylvania Eeserve Corps an honor and a name, •which extended throughout the country, and were reported in every household., For many -weeks, during the dreary OPERATIONS OF THE ARMY EAST AND WEST. 143 ■winter that followed, tlie camps at Langley were visited by distinguished citizens and public ofSicers at Washington ; and great numbers of people from Pennsylvania made the journey to Camp Pierpont, especially to see and congratulate the soldiers, who, by their gallant conduct, had honored the nation and afforded so much pleasure to every loyal citizen in the country. When the cold weather set in, the men constructed cabins of logs a,nd earth, and covered them with the army tents, to shelter themselves from the winter storms. No orders had been issued by the general-in-chief for the army to go into winter quarters, but most of the regiments had voluntarily settled themselves in comfortable camps, satisfied that the Army of the Potomac would remain in front of Washington till spring. The enemy employed his energies during the winter in the construction of fortifications and batteries on the Potomac river, below Washington; on commanding heights, he erected batteries for the purpose of obstructing communication with the Capital, and several times during the winter the river was effectually blockaded. On the 1st of November, 1861, President Lincoln ac- cepted the resignation of the veteran hero, Brevet Lieuten- ant-General Winfield Scott, who, on account of his extreme old age, and feeling himself to be physically unable to con- duct the campaign against the conspirators, resigned his com- mission as commander-in-chief of the United States army. On the same day, Major-General George B. McClellan was appointed to the command of the army, and immediately addressed himself to the labor of organizing the forces on the Potomac. In the many days, weeks and months of in- action that ensued, a magnificent army was formed, which afterwards became the engine of tremendous power, that in its' onward march crushed the rebellious hosts in the Bast. The rebel leaders were not less active in their preparations for the terrible trials of strength which they knew must sooner or later be made in Virginia. During the whole of the autumn and winter, the hostile armies on the Potomac, 144 HISTORY OF THK PENNSYLVANIA EESEEVBS. numbering, in the aggregate, not less than four hundred thousand men, stood, facing each other with threatening looks, but neither venturing to strike a blow. The Potomac was blockaded below Washington, the Baltimore and Ohio railroad was destroyed west of Harper's Ferry, and opposite the centre of the Union army, the rebel flag floated most of the time within sight of the Capitol in Washington. After the battle of Dranesville, the skirmishers along the line assumed a petty character productive of no advantages to either party. For seven months the army remained sta- tionary on the plea, that it needed organization, drill and better weapons ; that the mud in the roads was so deep that it was impossible to make a sucessful advance, and that military strategy required that the Army of the Potomac should remain in repose, until movements, essential to the success of the campaign, should be executed in the South and West. In other departments of the army and in the navy, there was more visible activity, and the attention of the people was for a time diverted from the army in front of Wash- ington. On the 29th of August, the military and naval expedi- tion under General Butler and Commodore Stringham, after a bombardment of two days, captured the Confederate works commanding Hatteras Inlet, the entrance to Pamlico Sound, in North Carolina. The enemy's works were Fort Clark and Fort Hatteras. At their capture, thirty -four pieces of can- non, one thousand stand of arms and a quantity of provisions fell into the possession of the National forces. Three Con- federate vessels with valuable cargoes of coffee, provisions, cotton and ammunition, also became the prizes of the victors; After having endured a severe shelling from the fleet at a range of two and a half miles for two days. Colonel Martin, Major Andrews and Commodore Barron, of the Confederate service, with all their forces, numbering six hundred and thirty, men, surrendered unconditionally, and were made prisoners of war. In this engagement the United States OPERATIONS OF THE ARMY BAST AND WKST. 14:5 forces suffered no loss. The Cbnfederatea lost four killed and eiglity wounded. The tattle of Carnifex Ferry, which closed the campaign in West Virginia, was fought on the 10th of September. General Eosecrans overtook the rebel Genetal iPloyd with his army strongly intrenched in a position near the ferry on Gauley river. The rebel force was five thousand strong and had sixteen field pieces in position ; the intrenchments were inaccessible on either fiank and on the rear; the front was masked with dense forest and thicket. At three o'clock in the afternoon. General Eosecrans attacked the enemy's works with a brigade of Ohio troops; the battle taged with great fury until darkness put an end to the contest ; the attacking party slept on their arms the whole night within a short distance of the enemy. During the night General Moyd evacuated the position, and stole away with his force across the river and destroyed the bridge. He abandoned all his trains and camp equipage, his private baggage and the baggage of his ofScers, his ammunition and cattle, and a number of Union prisoners captured by the Confederates at Gross Lane. The National forces lost fifteen killed and seventy-five wounded. In Missouri a petty warfare was carried on that extended over the whole State. General Fremont, who had been as- signed to the command in the "West; with an energy un- equalled in other departments, was organizing a powerful army, with which he expected to drive the enemy from the States west of the Mississippi. He at once attacked the the enemy in his most vulnerable point by declaring in a proclamation, that " The property, real and personal, of all persons in the State of Missouri, who shall take up arms against the United States, and who shall be directly proven to have taken active part with the enemies in the field, is declared to be confiscated to the public use ; and their slaves, if any they have, are hereby declared freemen." In issuing this proclamation, General Fremont was just ten months in advance of the nation's representatives at "Washington. 10 146 HISTORY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA BESEBVES. He realized that tte rebels were in earnest, and tliat all attempts at pacification by timidity and concessions to traitors were unavailing, and would but add fael to the flame, tie therefore at once seized the rod of justice and determined to severely chastise the men, who labored to overthrow the Groverment. The proclamation of freedom, to the slaves,' however,, came too soon for the authorities at Washington ; accprdingly on the 11th of September, twelve days asfler its promulgation at St. Louis, the proclamation was modified by President Lincoln, so as to apply only to slaves employed by the rebels in military service. The battle of Wilson's Creek was fought on the 10th of August. General Lyon, the officer in command, was killed early in the engagement. The number of killed, wounded and misang was one4housand two hundred and thirty-five. The rebel General McOulloch reported the Confederate loss to be four hi^mdred and twenty-one killed, and one thousand tliree hundred wouaided. The Union troops withdrew to EoUa, thus abandoning southwestern Missouri to the enemy. On the 20th of September, Colonel Mulligan, after a brave resistance during five days, surrendered Lexington to General Price's army of Confederates. Marauding parties now marching thrbugh, the western portion of the State, laid waste the country, until General Fremont, at the head of his army, marched to Springfield and drove the Confederates, under Price and McCuU-Och, into Arkansas. On the 2d of November, Fremont was relieved of the command of the department. General HaUeck was sent to St. Louis, to assume command, and active operations were transferred to the east side of the Mississippi. On the 7th of November, a battle was fought at Belmont, in Missouri, in which the National forces were commanded by General Grant. The Confederates, ijnder General Cheatham, were driven from their works, but after retreating a short distance, were largely reinforced, and compelled Grant to fall back and take refuge with his army on the transports, and, defended by gunboats, to return to Cairo. To these disasters in the West were added OPEBATIONS OF THE ARMY EAST AND WEST. 147 ttose on tlie Potomac during the autumn of 1861, until General McCall, with a brigade of the Pennsylvania Re- serves, changed the fortunes of war, and honored the National arms with victory at Dranesville. Then followed a season of preparation unparalleled in the history pf nations. Armies were created to engage in campaigns extending along a front of two thousand miles ; a navy was improvised to blockade a coast three thousand miles in extent ; to defend the vast merchant marine of the United States, and to organize powerful fleets for the reduc- tion of strong harbor fortifications in the seceded States. An expedition, sent out in command of Commodore Dupont, had successfully attacked Port Royal, and on the 7th of November captured the rebel forts and established the National flag on the soil of South CaroKna. On the 11th of January, 1862, an expedition, comprising over one hun- dred vessels of all classes, carrying an army of fifteen thousand troops, commanded by General Burnside, and accompanied by a fleet of gunboats, commanded by Com modore Goldsborough, sailed from Hampton Roads. The squadron encountered a severe storm, which threatened every vessel with destruction. Nearly a full month had elapsed before the hearts of the people were gladdened with the news of the success of the expedition. On the 7th of February, the gunboats attacked the enemy's works on Roanoke Island, defended by forty-two guns of heavy calibre, supported by a force of three thousand infantry and eight gunboats. From early in the morning until an hour after dark, the fleet of gunboats rained a storm of shot and shell on the island; the bombardment ceased, and during the night General Burnside landed his troops, and at daylight on Saturday morning, moved against the enemy's position on the centre of the island. The battle raged with unabated violence until four o'clock in the afternoon, when, finding the supply of ammunition was nearly exhausted, General Burnside ordered the works to be carried by storm, with the bayonet. Before five o'clock the enemy surren- 148 HISTOBT OF THE PENNSTLVAiTIA EESESVES. dered unconditionally. A victory was won iinequalled by any other since tlie National forces had taken the field. It was a victory that thrilled with joy every loyal heart throughout the land. Six forts, two thousand five hundred prisoners, forty-two heavy guns, three thousand five hundred stand of small arms, and seventy-five tons of ammunition, fell into the hands of the victorious army. General Burnside followed up his advantage with an assault on Newbern, and after a desperate engagement on the 14th of March, routed the enemy and captured the city; In the meantime the gunboat fleet had driven the rebels from the navigable waters of North Carolina, leaving the city of Wilmington as the only possession of the enemy on the coast of the State. While the nation was waiting to hear from the expedition to North Carolina, tidings of victory came from the West. On the 19th of January, General Thomas had met and defeated the rebel army under General George B. Critten- den, at Logan's Cross-Eoads, near Somerset, in Kentucky. General Zollicoffer, a favorite in the Confederate army, was killed, and the army completely routed and scattered in the mountains. On the 6lh of February, Commodore Foote, with a fleet of seven gunboats, entered the Tennessee river, and attacked and captured Fort Henry; this engagement demonstrated the power of the Mississippi squadron, which,; up to that time, had been regarded as an untried novelty. But still more glorious achievements awaited the progress of the army in the West. On the Cumberland river, the enemy had constructed a strong fort and had garrisoned it with an army of eighteen thousand eight hundred and twenty-nine men. On the 12th of February, General Grant appeared before these works, which the enemy had named Fort Donelson, with an army of forty thousand men. He invested the position on the land side, while Commodore Foote's fleet attacked the water batteries. A terrible battle was comnjenced on the morning of the 13th, which was continued with great vigor for three days. Early in the OPEEATIONS OF THE ARMY EAST ASTD WEST. 149' morning of the fourtli day, General Buckner, commanding the rebel troops, surrendered his army unconditionally to General Grant. General Floyd and General PiUo-w had stolen away diiring the night with three thousand men, who' thus escaped being captured. By this surrender the national forces took thirteen thousand three hundred prison- ers, tliree thousand horses, forty-eight field pieces, seventeen heavy guns, twenty thousand stand of small arms, and a large quantity of supplies. The Confederates reported a total loss of fifteen thousand and sixty-seven men in killed, wounded and prisoners. The National loss was two thou- sand three hundred and thirty-one. The exultations that spread throughout the loyal States on the receipt of the news of the victory at Fort Donelson, had not yet subsided, when, from the far distant hills of northern Arkansas, the report of another victory of the first magnitude fiUed all loyal hearts with joy. On the 6th of March, the combined rebel armies under Generals Van Dorn, Price and McCuUoch, numbering about thirty-five thousand men, attacked the National army, commanded by General Curtis, at Pea Ridge, in Arkansas. Darkness ended the battle on the first day ; both armies slept on their arms ; early on the following morning the contest was resumed, and continued with great severity and heavy losses on both sides. General McCuUoch fell at the head of his army mortally wounded. Night again closed on the contending armies, and both rested with arms in hand, certain of victory on the morrow. On the morning of the 8th, the struggle was resumed and continued with great desperation, but before darkness again veiled the scene of carnage, the Con- federate forces were totally routed, and vigorously pursued by the Union army. General Curtis reported a loss in kiUed, wounded and missing, of one thousand three hundred. The rebels lost eleven hundred killed, two thousand five hundred wounded, and one thousand six hundred prisoners. The power of the rebellion in the West was broken, and the only hope of the leaders was to reinforce the armies of 150 HISTOET OF THE PENN-SYLVANIA EESEEVES. Virginia, who had been allowed to remain in undisturbed quiet, and thus divert the energies of the nation from the West. Upon the evacuation of the Gosport Navy Yard, near Norfolk, the United States officers scuttled and sunk the steam frigate Merrimac. This was one of the most magnifi- cent ships in the American navy; a forty-gun frigate of four thousand tons burden, built in 1856, and considered the finest specimen of naval architecture then afloat. She was two hundred and eighty-one feet long, fifty-two feet broad, and drew twenty-three feet of water. Her engines were eight hundred horse power, and drove a two-bladed propeller, fourteen feet in diameter ; her armament consisted of twenty-four nine-inch shell guns, fourteen eight-inch, and two one hundred pound pivot guns. This magnificent vessel was raised by the rebels, who, being weak as a maritime power, devoted much attention to the construction of iron-clad rams; she was cut down, leaving only the massive and solid hull, over which they constructed a sloping shield of railroad iron, firmly plated together, and extending two feet under the water. In appearance, the ship was much like the slanting roof of a house placed on a hull, with the ends of the vessel, fore and aft, projecting a few feet beyond the roof. Nothing appeared above this iron shield but a short smoke-stack and two flag staffs. The fact that a mailed battery of the most formidable character was in preparation, was well known at the North, and her appearance on the waters below Norfolk was daily predicted. About noon of Saturday, the 9th of March, this monster was seen coming round Craney Island, accompanied by the Jamestown and Yorktown, two other war vessels, followed by quite a little fleet of armed tugs and small craft. The Merrimac, with her imposing retinue in train, headed for Newport News, where there was a garrison of National troops, guarded by the United States sailing frigates Cum- berland and Congress. The Merrimac steamed majestically OPEEATIONS OF THE AEMY EAST AND WEST. 151 along, as if conscious of superior strength, and as she passed the Congress, delivered a single broadside into the doomed ship, then leaving her to be attacked by the smaller vessels, made directly for the Cumberland. When the rebel monster •was within two hundred feet of the two frigatesi they both discharged their tremendous broadsides against her armor ; she quivered a moment under the fearful concussion, but every ball glanced from her sloping shield like hailstones from a slated roof. Not deignifag to pay any attention to the fierce, but harmless, assault of the two frigates struggling for life, she rushed straight for her prey. The powerful battery at Newport News opened with all its massive guns at point-blank range, with a power that no mailed structure previously known would have been able to withstand, but these solid shot and shell glanced harmlessly away. On rushed the Merrimac with increasing speed, and not a soul on board to be seen, and with all the power of her tremen- dous weight, plunged headlong into the side of the helpless frigate. The iron prow struck the Cumberland amidship, crushing in her side with a horrible gash. Then reversing her engine, and careless of the shower of cannon-balls rattling against her impervious nlail, she retraced her path a few rods for another butt. As she drew back she turned her broadside to the disabled frigate and hurled into her bosom a terrible volley of shot and shell, that tore through the crowded vessel, hurling her batteries about her decks and scattering mutilated bodies in every direction. Again, with full headway, crowding on all steam, the Merrimac made another plunge into the Cumberland, and striking her upon the former wound, crushed in the whole side, snapping the massive oaken beams, strong as nature and art could make them, as if they had been but a lattice of dry reeds. But the Cumberland never surrendered ; the majestic old frigate sank beneath the waves with colors flying, every man at his post, and every unsubmerged gun hurling defiance at the foe. In forty -five miiiutes the work was done, and over 152 HISTORY OF THE PENNSTLVAJTIA BESEEVE3. one hundred dead and -wounded bodies of heroic men went down with the broken frigate. The Merrimac now turned her attention to the Congress. The rebel gunboats Jamestown and Yorktown were hover- ing about this majestic ship, discharging their shot at longi range ; the tremendous broadsides of the Congress compelled her unworthy assailants to keep at a respectful distance. The frigate, attempting to escape, unfortunately, grounded,'; and thus became the more helpless. .The Merrimac, fearing the shallowness of the water, did not attempt to crush the Congress with her prow, but deliberately took her position at the distance of about one hundred yards, and discharged broadside after broadside of her one hundred pound shot and shell, raking the ship from stem to stern. At the same tinse, the whole rebel fleet poured into the crippled frigata a destructive fire of shells and red-hot shot. Under this devouring fire the carnage was awful. Instantly the decks were covered with dismounted guns and fragments of broken batteries, mangled limbs and pools of gory blood. The ship was on fire ; her timbers and plank dry as tinder,' the fiery billows burst forth with a consuming power wholly irresistible; the wounded and the survivors were being consumed by the spreading flames, when, to save the brave men from a terrible death, the officers, with tears and anguish, hauled down the flag and surrendered -the burning wreck. The oificers of the Congress were made prisoners ; the crew escaped to the shore in small boats. The noble ship burned for hours, illuminating the scene for miles around the harbor, until about midnight, the flames reached the, magazine, and, with an explosion that moved the waters and caused the earth to tremble, the fiery fragments of the frigate were thrown into the air and covered the sea. When the flames were quenched beneath the waves, dark- ness, gloomy and terrible, shrouded the dismal scene. The United States ships Minnesota and St. ^iawrence were both in the Eoads, aground, lying helpless, waiting to be consumed by the devouring monster. Night was rapidly OPERATIONS OF THE ARMY EAST AND WEST. 153 approaching, and, as if glutted •with a surfeit of victory, the Merrimao returned to her position behind Oraney Island, where she prepared to continue her work of destruction the next morning. As the sun went down that CTening and night came on, every heart in the fleet and in the coast defences throbbed with despair. The Merrimac was invulnerable. She could do what she pleased, bidding defiance to the massive guns on both sea and land. After destroying every vessel of the fleet, and reducing every fortress on the coast, Washington, Baltimore, Philadelphia, New York, Boston and Portland were the glittering prizes within her grasp. Not only at Hampton Eoads, but throughout the North, consternation was pictured in every loyal face. At ten o'clock that night, two small steamers were seen coming in from the sea, having in tow a singular looking craft, resembling a raft with a small round tower, a few feet high, on its center. Could the watchful sentinel on the walls of Fortress Monroe have known, what it was that he saw approaching the ramparts he guarded — as the Spanish sailor, exclaiming "Land! Land!" from the fore-topmast of the Pinta, electrified the lost mariners on Columbus' despairing fleet — so he, calling out to the agitated and sleep- less garrison "Deliverance! Deliverance! God defends the right !" might have calmed their agitation and filled their hearts with hope. The Monitor was approaching ; unor- dered, unowned by the Government; the experiment of Captain Ericsson, a private citizen, residing in New York. The untried vessel arrived opportunely, but by chance, in Hampton Roads. The situation of the fleetlsras immediately made known to Lieutenant "Worden, commanding the Monitor. The vessel was put in order for a fight, and awaited the dawn of morning, and the approach of the Merrimac. Sunday morning came — the sun rose with; unusual brightness. Anxious eyes, from every vessel and along the shore, gazed in the direction of Sewall's Point, where the Merrimao and her consorts were at anchor. 154 HISTOET OF THE PENNSYLVANIA EESEBVES. About nine o'clock, tlie vessels began to move. The mailed monster was coming to crusb the ribs of two majestic sMps, for a morning repast. Wbolly unconscious of tbe antagonist she had to encounter, she came leisurely down, and opened fire on the Minnesota, which was still aground. Just then the Monitor hove in sight, resembling, as the rebels said, a small raft with a "Yankee cheesebox" "upon it. She steamed boldly onward towards her formidible antagonist, and, when at the distance of half a mile, Lieutenant Worden, who stood at the grate in the pilot house, gave the order to fire. The huge iron jaws of the turret moved slowly aside, a momentary creaking of ropes and pulleys was heard, then a thundering report, and an immense solid ball, weighing one hundred and seventy .pounds, was hurled against the mailed side of the Merrimac. This was the Monitor's challenge, and could not, with safety, be disregarded. The Merrimac paused in utter astonishment, then turned fiercely upon her diminutive foe, expecting to demolish her with a single broadside. Drawing near the little floating turret, at a range of but a few yards, the huge monster poured upon the Monitor .the full power of her metal, sure that after such a discharge, nothing of the vessel would remain above the waves. But, as the smoke lifted, the little Monitor, with one hundred and seventy pounds of solid iron and a deafening roar, announced herself unharmed. It was now evident that Greek had met Greek, and iron con- tended against iron. The wooden fleets had become silent^ awe-stricken spectators, while tens of thousands along the shore, from Fortress Monroe to Newport News, and in all the rebel batteries, watched in dread suspense the terrible conflict. Never before had ships met carrying metal so massive. In this tremendous duel, hundred pound shot rattled against the mailed and impenetrable sides of the combatants, and glanced off like hail. The Monitor was superior in speed, and for four hours steamed around her mammoth antagonist, with her two powerful guns always pointing at the foe, and at a distance of but a few yards, OPEEATIONS OF THE AEMT EAST AND WEST. 155 plaiting balls in every possible place, eagerly searching for some vital spot. The contest, at times, was so hot — ^the muzzles of the hostile guns almost touching each other-^ that both ships were enveloped in a cloud of smoke that no eye could penetrate. The flashing fire and the thunder- ing roar incessantly bursting forth from the tumultuous maelstrom of flame and smoke, gave evidence to the "watch- ing thousands that the mortal contest raged with unabated fury. At length the search of the Monitor's guns was successful ; three mortal gashes were visible ; the Merrimac was siiiking ; the mailed monster was whipped, and turned to run away. The Monitor was ordered not to follow, but to remain with the wooden fleet. No pen can describe the joy that thrilled the hearts of the National troops. Cheer after cheer rose from the fleet and from the land, and rolled like reverberating thunder along the shore and across the waters. The injuries to the Merrimac were vital. She was towed to Norfolk, and finally committed self-destruction, to escape capture. The Monitor came out of the contest uninjured. This eventftd conflict — one of the most memorable on record — revolutionized naval warfare, and indisputably established the supremacy of the American navy. During the period of all the noble achievements in the West and along the coast, the Army of the Potomac, which had assumed the most formidable proportions in numbers and in all the material of war, remained in repose. The impatient public were unwilling to expose themselves again to the charge of goading their generals to movements for which they were unprepared. The disaster at Bull Eun had been attributed to the public clamor that forced the advance before time for preparation had been allowed. In silent impatience the country waited for the inert masses to be led beyond their ramparts. But as month after month rolled on, and more than two himdred thousand troops stood unemployed in their trenches, with the flag of the enemy flaunted within fuU view of their bastions, with Washington 156 HISTORY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA KESEEVES. besieged, and its port blockaded, wlyle every southern breeze bore insult and defiance to the patriots in arms, the people 6ould no longer withhold their murmurs. The Western Army organized by Fremont and commanded by Halleck was triumphantly marching southward from' victory to victory. The people were ready to contribute any number of men and any amount of money, that might be asked for by the military department at Washington. Volunteers crowded to the camps in such numbers that they could not be accepted. All they asked was, that this miserable rebellion of a few thousand slaveholders, dragging in their trajn four millions of slaves and half as many " poor whites," should be speedily crushed. Blow after blow was struck by the rebels with the most envenomed hate ; these were answered in feeble resentment. The armies of the nation were held inactive, under the vain delusion that a mere show of power would overawe the conspirators. Never before did a government so unwillingly come to the conviction, that there was no alternative but regular, old-fashioned, death- dealing, bloody, dreadful, destructive war. For a long time the young men in the army were compelled to use the spade instead of the musket. The authorities were anxious not to exasperate their foes by wounding their pride, or striking them blows they would keenly feel. The Grovernment had no disposition to strike the fetters from the limbs of the bondsmen, and thus lost the sympathy of the friends of freedom throughout the world. Nothing must be done that could in any way ex- asperate the Southern people. It would offend the rebels to employ slaves in the trenches, and therefore they were not admitted in the lines of the army ; and our soldiers were forced to dig knee-deep in the mud after exhausting marches and sleepless watchings, while all around them, were lusty negroes, whose masters had ran away from them, and who earnestly begged to be allowed to labor, stipulating no price, and asking only for food and protection from the slave-catcher. Strange as it may seem, impelled by an OPEEATIOerS OF THE AHMT EAST AND WEST. 157 insane absurdity, the commanding generals rejected these willing laborers, and the citizen soldiery were needlessly doomed to life-destroying toil. ..The- Governnaent, advanced slowly and reluctantly to-- wards the position, that the war must be conducted on war principles. It was impossible for the generals who were in sympathy with slavery, who felt that the rebels were half right, and who wished to conduct the war in a manner that would constantly keep open the way of adjustment, by making such concessions to the South as the Southern leaders might demand — it was impossible that such generals should prosecute campaigns with vigor, and strike blows with all their possible strength. The Government contended forbearingly and timidly against a foe,- furious and enven- omed as ever rushed with bloodthirsting hate to fields of carnage. The rebel leaders were terribly in earnest ; while opposing them, we have for many weary months the record of a government but half aroused. Never before did a people press forward with such enthusiasm to the banner of freedom; never before was their enthusiasm met with such feeble response from their appointed leaders. True, after a series of vexatious delays that wearied the patience of an earnest people, the army in the West moved against the works of the enemy. But, on the eastern banks of the upper Potomac,, upon the Maryland shore, the white tents of the patriotic troops were spread out for leagues. Lower down, opposite Washington, from the heights of Arlington to Budd's Ferry, these soldiers of freedom were intrenched in as majestic a series of ramparts as armies ever reared. The insolent foe bad been slowly pressed back by these marshalled hosts, until they occupied their lair on the plains of Manassas. Without a struggle the rebels relin- quished all the ground they had gained by the battle of BuU Eun. Kear the close of the month of February, 1862, after two unsuccessful efforts had been made to move the Army of the Potomac, the troops were again ordered to prepare to ad- 158 HISTORY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA RESERVES. vance from their intrenctments. On the Stli of March the army in front of "Washington was divided into four army- corps. The First corps was commanded by Major-General McDowell, and contained the divisions of Generals Franklin, McCall, and King ; the Second, commanded by Brigadier- General Sumner, contained the divisions of Generals Eich- ardson, Blenker, and Sedgwick ; the Third, commanded by Brigadier-General Heintzelman, contained the divisions of Generals Fitz John Porter, Hooker, and Hamilton ; and the Fourth, commanded by Brigadifer-General Keyes, contained the divisions of Generals Couch, Smith, and Casey. On the 19th of January, 1862, President Lincoln, as com- mander-in-chief of the army and navy, had issued an order for a general movement of all the armies of the United States. In obedience to this order, the armies in the West, commanded by General Halleck, commenced the movement which resulted in the brilliant victories that so electrified the country, and revived the hopes of the loyal men, that the rebellion would soon be crushed. The Army of the Potomac still remained inactive, and on the 31st of January the President issued the following order r "ExECTJTiTE Mansion, " Washington, January 31, 1863. " Ordered, That' aU the disposable force of the Army of the Potomac, after providing safely for the defence of "Wash- ington, be formed into an expedition for the immediate object of seizing and occupying a point upon the railroad south- westward of what is known as Manassas Junction, all details to be in the discretion of the commander-in-chief, and the expedition to move before or on the 22d day of February next. "ABE AH AM LINCOLN." General McClellan replied to this order, objecting to the plan indicated by the President, as involving "the error of dividing the army by the Occoquon creek, a very diflScult obstacle, and by a distance too great to enable the two por- OPERATIONS- OF THE ARMY EAST AND WEST. 159 tions to support each other, should either be attacked by the masses of the enemy, while the other is held in check." He then proceeded ~ to discuss the advantages in favor of a movement by way of the Eappahannock river or Fortress Monroe, preferring the former route. A council of war was held in February, at which twelve generals were present, McDowell, Sumner, Heintzelman, Keyes, Fitz John Porter, Franklin, "W. F. Smith, McCall, Blanker, Andrew Porter, Barnard and Naglee, To these were submitted the two lines of operation proposed by the President and General McClellan, The result of the deliberation was a vote of eight in favor of, and four against the movement by way of AnuapoHs, and thence down the Chesapeake bay and up the Eappahannock river to Urbana, and across the country to Eichmond. The generals who voted against this movement were McDowell, Sumner, Heintzelman and Barnard. General Keyes voted for it with the qualification, that the movement should not be undertaken until the enemy's batteries on the lower Potomac shaU have been captured, and the naviga- tion of the river reopened. General McClellan hoped by this movement to elude the enemy, and arrive in front of Eichmond before the forces at Manassas could be concen- trated there for its defence. It had been decided by the council of war, held in February, not to disturb the enemy on the lower Potomac, but to move secretly by the new route up the Eappahannock, and thus turn the position at Manassas. President Lincoln solicitous for the safety of Washington, and impatient with the delay in the movement of the Army of the Potomac, on the 8th of March, issued another order, as follows : *' Executive Mansion, Washington, Marcliith, 1862. " Ordered, That no change of the base of operations of the Army of the Potomac shall be made, without leaving in and about Washington such a force, as in the opinion of the 160 HISTORY OF THE PENlSrSTLVANIA EESEEVE3. general-in-cliief, and the commanders of army corps, shall leave said city entirely secure. ' ' "That no more than' two army corps (about fifty thousand troops) of said Army of the Potomac, shall be moved en route for a new base of operations, until the navigation of the Potomac, from Washington to the Chesapeake bay, shall be freed from the enemy's batteries and other obstructions, or until the President shall hereafter give express permission. " That any movement as aforesaid, en route for a new base of operations, which may be ordered by the general' in-chief, and which may be intended to move on the Chesa- peake bay, shall begin to move upon the bay as early as the 18th of March instant, and the general-in-chief shall be responsible that it moves as early as that day. " Ordered, That the army and navy co-operate in an im- mediate eflbrt to capture the enemy's batteries upon the Potomac, between Washington and the Chesapeake bay. ABEAHAM LINCOLK ' "L. Thomas, Adjutant- GeneraV The President had yielded to the judgment of the council of generals in the choice of route, but would not consent to the withdrawal of the army from the defenses of Washington, while the enemy remained in possession of his works on the lower Potomac. Before any movement was beguii, the rebels abandoned their batteries on the banks of the Potomac, and' evacuated their position at Centreville and Manassas, and retired beyond the Eappahannock. When General McClellan learned that the enemy had re- tired from his front, he ordered a general movement of the whole army in the direction of the position lately occupied by the rebels, and early in the morning of the 10th of- March, the army broke camp and marched toward Manassas. At. noon. Colonel Averill, commanding two regiments of cavalry reached the enemy's lines at Centreville, and passed through his deserted works, finding heaps of military stores and much valuable property stiU burning. Sumner's corps OPERATIONS OF TH:^ ARMY EAST AND WEST. 161 "was ordered to pursue the enemy and to ascertain, if possible, what -were his intentions. General Howard's brigade was pushed forward to the Eappahannock railroad bridge, where he drove the rear guard across the river. The enemy blew up the bridge to prevent pursuit and continued his march southward. On the 11th, the army returned to the Potomac, concentrating near Alexandria. It was now evident, that Lee, having learned of General McClellan's intention to move against Eichmond by way of the Peninsula, had with- drawn from the line in front of Washington, in order to in- tercept and retard McClellan's movement up the Peninsula. The transports had been ordered from Annapolis to Alexan- dria, where tha army embarked for Fortress Monroe. The embarkation commenced on the 17th of March. General McClellan moved from Alexandria with his headquarters, on the 1st of April, and arriving at Fortress Monroe, on the 3rd, ordered an advance of his army from that base towards Yorktown. On the 11th of March, President Lincoln issued an order relieving General McClellan of the command of other mili- tary departments, and assigning him to the command of the Department of the Potomac. General McClellan was to take the field in person, and conduct the active operations against Richmond. He expected by a rapid movement to drive before him or cap- ture the enemy on the Peninsula, open the James river and press on to the rebel capital before the enemy could be rein- forced from other parts of the Confederacy. An unex- pected obstacle, however, was encountered in the Warwick river, which was supposed by General McClellan, not to lay across his proposed line of march ; and it was not until the advance of his column arrived on the bank of the stream, that he learned of its course, and that, rising near Yorktown, under the enemy's guns, it flowed across the Peninsula and emptied into the James. The line of the Warwick was strongly defended by the enemy's works, and was difficult to pass. Yorktown was also found to be extensively fortified and 11 162 HISTOEY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA BESERVES. defended by a strong force. McClellan, therefore, determined to take tlie place, by " preparing for an assault by tbe pre- liminary employment of heavy guns, and some seige oper- ations." The seige was commenced and prosecuted with great vigor until the night of the 3rd of May, when the enemy evacuated his works and withdrew towards Eich- mond. His rear guard was overtaken at Williamsburg, strongly intrenched. On the morning of the 5th, General Sumner who was in the advance, ordered an assault on the enemy's defenses, ia which his own and General Heintzelman's corps engaged and defeated the rebels, driving them towards Eichmond. Eecent rains had rendered the roads almost impassable, alid successful pursuit was impossible. The army advanced slowly over the muddy roads, and on the 16th of May, headquarters and a depot of supplies were established at White House on the Pamunky river ; four days later, the ad- vance guard arrived on the north bank of the Chickahominy. General McClellan says in his report to the Secretary of War : " When, on the 20th of May, our advanced light troops reached the banks of the Chickahominy river, at Bottom's bridge, they found that this, as well as the railroad bridge about a mile above, had been destroyed by the enemy. " The Chickahominy in this vicinity is about forty feet wide, fringed with a dense growth of heavy forest trees, and bordered by low marshy bottom lands, varing from half a mile to a mile in width. " Our operations embraced that part of the river between Bottom's «nd Meadow bridges, which covered the principal approaches to Eichmond from the east. " Within these limits the ifirm ground lying above high- water mark seldom approaches near the river on either bank, and no locality was found within this section where the high ground came near the stream on both sides. It was subject to frequent, sudden, and great variations in the volume of water, and the rise of a few feet overflowed the bottom lands on both sides. OPERATIONS OF THE AEMY EAST AND WEST. 163 " At low water it could be forded at almost any point ; but during Mgh water it was above a fording stage, and could then be crossed only at tbe few points wbere bridges bad been constructed. These bridges bad all been destroyed by the enemy on oux approach, and it was necessary not only to reconstruct these, but to build several others. " The west bank of the river, opposite New and Mechanics- ville bridges, was bordered by elevated bluffs, which afforded the enemy commanding positions to fortify, establish his batteries, enfilading the approaches upon the two principal roads to Eichmond on our right, and to resist the recon- struction of the important bridges. This obliged us to select other less exposed points for our crossings. " As the enemy was not in great force opposite Bottom's bridge on the arrival of our left at that point, and as it was important to secure a lodgement upon the right bank before he could have time to concentrate his forces and contest the passage, I forthwith ordered Casey's division to ford the river and occupy the opposite heights. This was promptly done on the 20th, and reconnoissances were at once pushed out in advance. •■' These troops were directed to throw up defences in an advantageous position to secure our left flank. General Heintzelman's corps was thrown forward in support, and Bottom's bridge immediately rebuilt. " In the meantime our centre and right were advanced to the river above, and on the 24th we carried the village of Mechanicsville, driving the enemy out with our artillery, and forcing them across the bridge, which they destroyed. General Ifaglee on the same day dislodged a force of the enemy from the vicinity of the "Seven Pines," on the Bottom's bridge road, and our advance on the left secured a strong position near that place. " All the information obtained from deserters, negroes, and spies, indicated that the enemy occupied in force aU the approaches to Eichmond from the east, and that he intended to dispute every step of our advance beyond the Chicka- 164 HISTORY OF THE PElSTBrSYLVANIA EESEEVES. hominy, and the passage of the stream opposite our right. That their army was superior to ours in numbers, did not admit of a doubt. Strong defences had been constructed around Eichmond. " Impressed by these facts with the necessity of strengthen- ing the army for the struggle, I did hot fail to urge repeat- edly upon my superiors the importance of reinforcing the army of the Potomac with every disposable man, in order to insure the success of our attack upon the rebel capital." In a few days after the arrival of the army on the banks of the Chickahominy, two corps, General Heintzelman's and General Keyes', had crossed the river and held fortified positions on the south bank. The other corps occupied the north bank and extend up the river to Mechanicsville. On the 80th of May, the troops on the south side of the Chickahominy were in position as follows : Casey's division on the right of the "Williamsburg road, at right angles to it, the centre at Fair Oaks; Couch's division at the Seven Pines; Kearney's division on the railroad, from near Savage's Station towards the bridge ; Hooker's division on the borders of White Oak swamp. Constant skirmishing had been kept up between the pickets ; while these lines were being taken up and strengthened, large bodies of Con- federate troops were seen immediately to the front and right of Casey's position. During the day and night of the 30th, a very violent storm occurred. The rain falling in torrents, rendered work on the rifle-pits and bridges impracticable, made the roads almost impassable, and threatened the destruction of the bridges over the Chickahominy. The enemy perceiving the unfavorable position in which the army was placed, and the possibility of destroying that part of it which was apparently cut off from the main body by the rapidly rising stream, on the 31st of May, threw an overwhelming force upon the position occupied by Casey's division, and fought the battle of Fair Oaks. ThS two corps on the south bank of the Chickahominy OPERATIONS OF THE AEMY EAST AND WEST. 165 ■wolild doubtlessly- have been crusted, had not the veteran hero, General Sumner, thrown His corps across the bridges in front, almost as they were being carried away by the rising flood, and marched rapidly to the reKef of the left wing. Sumner was a soldier of the old school ; he loved the excite- ment of battle, and whenever the artillery was heard pound- ing in the distance, the old hero's countenance beamed with inexpressible joy, and his eyes flashed with fiery zeal ; his hair, white with age, streamed in the air as, on his war- horse, he galloped along the fiery lines of battle, inspiring every man in his corps with the spirit of his commander. It was fortunate for the army of the Potomac, and for the country, that at that critical hour, when the left wing, cut off from reinforcements by a stream that in thirty minutes would be impassable, was overwhelmed by the whole power of the enemy, the order to reinforce was sent to a soldier like Sumner. Though the bridges in his front were floating, he ordered his men across, exclaiming, "Forward, men! Your weight will keep the logs in place." The men crossed rapidly, and, forming on the other side, pushed forward and engaged the enemy. Night closed the conflict, which was renewed on the foflowing day with great desperation, and ended in the complete rout of the enemy. In this battle, the Confederate general reports a loss of six thousand seven hundred and eighty-three ; the army of the Potomac lost five thousand seven hundred and thirty- seven. General McCleUan, explainmg why the enemy was not pursued in his flight into Eichmond, after the battle of Fair Oaks, says: " On the 31st, when the battle of Fair Oaks commenced, we had two of our bridges nearly completed ; but the rising waters flooded the log-way approaches and made them almost impassable, so that it was only by the greatest efl'orts that General Sumner crossed his corps and participated in that haid-fought engagement. The bridges became totally useless after this corps had passed, and others on a more permanent plan were commenced. « 166 HISTOET OF THE PENNSTLTAOTA EESERVES. "On my way to headquarters, after the battle of Fair Oats, I attempted to cross the bridge where General Sumner had taken over his corps on the day previous. At the time General Sumner crossed, this was the only available bridge above Bottom's bridge. I found the approach from th6 right bank, for some four hundred yards, submerged to the depth of several feet, and on reaching the place where the bridge had been, I found a great part of it carried away, so that I could not get my horse over, and was obliged to send him to Bottom's bridge, six miles below, as the only practicable crossing. "The approaches to New and MechanicsviUe bridges were also overflowed, and both of them were enfiladed by the enemy's batteries established on commanding heights on the opposite side. These batteries were supported by strong forces of the enemy, having numerous rifle-pits in their front, which would have made it necessary, even had the approaches been in the best possible condition, to have fought a sanguinary battle, with but little prospect of success, before a passage could have been secured. ' " The only available means, therefore, of uniting our forces at Fair Oaiks for an advance on Richmond soon after the battle, was to march the troops from MechanicsviUe, and other points, on the left banks of the Chickahominy, down to Bottom's bridge, and thence over the Williamsburg road to the position near Fair Oaks, a distance of about twenty- three miles. In the condition of the roads at that time this march could not have been made with artillery in less than two days, by which time the enemy would have been secure within his intrenchments around Eichmond. In short, the idea of uniting the two wings of the army in time to make a vigorous pursuit of the enemy, with the prospect of overtaking him before he reached Eichmond, only five miles distant from the field of battle, is simply absurd, and was, I presume, never for a moment seriously entertained by any one connected with the army of the Potomac. , An advange, involving the separation of the two wings by the OPERATIONS OF THE ARMY EAST AND WEST. 167 impassable CMckalioiDiiiy, would have exposed each to defeat in detail. Therefore I held the- position already gained, and completed our crossings as rapidly as possible. " In the meantime, the troops at Fair Oaks were directed to strengthen their positions by a strong line of intrench- ments, which protected them while the bridges were being built, gave security to the trains, liberated a larger fighting force, and offered a safer retreat in the event of disaster." In making the preliminary arrangements for the move- ment from Alexandria, it was determined' that the First corps. General McDowell's, should move as a unit first, and efiect a landing either at the Sand-box, some four miles south of Yorktown, in order to turn all the enemy's defences at Ship Point, Howard's Bridge and Big Bethel, or, should existing circumstances render it preferable, land on the Gloucester side of York river and move on West Point. The transports, however, arrived slowly and few at a time. The army was therefore embarked by divisions, and the corps kept together as much as possible. A new order of march was arranged, placing McDowell's corps in the rear, as it was to move in mass to its point of disembarkation, and land on either side of York river, as might subsequently be determined. But, after McClellan had left Alexandria for Fortress Monroe, the President was informed by his mili- tary advisers, that his order, requiring a sufficient force for the sure defence of the Capital to be left in the fortifications, had not been complied with, he issued an order detaching the First corps from McClellan's army, and directed Gene- ral McDowell to report to the Secretary of War. By this order of the President, the Pennsylvania Eeserves, which formed part of the First corps, were separated for a time from the Army of the Potomac. In the general advance made on Manassa^, on the 10th of March, McCall's division moved from Camp Pierpont. A cold rain, and a driving March wind made the day very disagreeable ; yet the whole division, in buoyant spirits at the prospect of active service, broke camp about roidday, 168 HISTORY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA EESEEVES. and, after marcMng sixteen miles, arrived at Hunter's Mills, in Loudon County, Virginia, early in the night. The men bivouacked in the woods, having lefit their camp equippage at Langley, and remained in that position three days, in a camp christened by the men "Smoky Hollow." On this, their first campaign into- Virginia, some of the men foraged quite liberally on the farmers' poultry yards and milk houses. Orders were given at Hunter's MiUs, forbidding the men to leave camp, and a guard was stationed to enforce the order. Some of the " boys" in the Bucktail regiment, unwUling to give up aU prospects of ever again dining on Virginia poultry, resorted to a piece of strategy, which, they argued, was honorable in times of war. The beat of the camp guard was on the top of a railroad embankment, against which the Bucktails pitched their tents, improvised of gum blankets, and proceeded to tunnel the embankment, and thus provided a back door to one of the tents, through which the men passed to and from their foraging expeditions, and were faring sumptuously every day, until an ofiicer, passing that way, accidently stepping too near the edge, broke through, and sliding intb the tent through the back door, discovered the tunnel, and ordered it to be filled up and the tent to be removed. Some of the officers of this regiment had in their service a "contraband" cook, named Adolphus. On one occasion, as he was engaged in preparing dinner for the mess, one of the officers, requiring his services in the tent, called out : " Adolphus, have you clean hands ?" The servant, suppos- ing the question to be an insinuation that he would prepare a meal with unwashed hands, regarded it as an insult, and straightening up to his full length, with an air of injured innocence, pouting his thick Ups, and eyes expressing virtuou.s indignation, demanded, " What am de reference ?" A roar of laughter burst from the crowd of by-standers, that was renewed as often as the story of Adolphus was repeated in camp, and the exclamation became a standard phrase. OPEEATIONS OF THE AEMT EAST AND WEST. 169 On the 12th of March, Lieutenant-Colonel S. IST. Bailey of the Twelfth regiment, was honorably discharged, and on the 1st of April, M. D. Hardin was elected and commis- sioned to fill the vacancy. , While at Hunter's Mills, the newly invented shelter tent was distributed to the companies. This tent consists of two pieces of canvas, which, when joined by hooks or strings, form a plain sheet ; this, stretched over a ridge pole, and the edges fastened to the ground, forms a small wedge tent for the shelter of two men. The men, accustomed to the comfortable tents and huts at Camp Pierpont, received the shelter tents with much dissatisfaction. They named them "dog houses," and when first pitched, the boys amused themselves by hopping into them on hands and feet, and imitating the barking of dogs. Long and severe marches, "when transportation could not come up with camp equip- page, soon demonstrated the value of the little tent, that could be taken to pieces, packed in the knapsacks and carried by the men. On the 14th of March, General McCall was ordered to move his command immediately on the road towards Alex- andria, and await orders from General McDowell. It had not yet been determined whether the division should be sent back to Camp Pierpont, or whether it would march to Alexandria. General McCall moved promptly on the Alex- andria pike to Difi&cult creek, where he encamped during the night. The bridge on this road had been destroyed by the enemy, and the water had been swollen by the recent rains so as to make the creek unfordable. The only bridge remaining across the creek was the one on the Dranesville pike, in front of Camp Pierpont, which had been repaired and guarded by the Eeserves. General McCall determined 'to march across, a distance of seven miles, to that bridge, and there report to General McDowell for orders. Eain had been falling during the afternoon and night of the 14th, and on the 15th it poured down in torrents. General McCall was conscious of the effect the march, beneath a 170 HISTORY OF THE PEIWSYLVAlSnA EESEBVES. drencMng rain and througli heavy mud, ■woidd liaye on the men, and desired to biTouac at the bridge over Difficult creek, or to be allowed to march back to Camp Pierpont,, which was only four miles distant. Having crossed the creek, he halted his command on the Dranesville pike, to await the return of a messenger despatched to General McDowell. The messenger soon arrived, bringing orders directing General McCall to "march without delay to Alex- andria, with artillery and infantry, and prepare to embark immediately." Alexandria was twelve miles distant — it was growing late — the storm continued with unabated severity. The first seven miles of the road to Alexandria lay through a low, swampy country, was overflowed with water, and, under the feet of the first regiment that would pass over it, would become a bed of liquid mud. But, in obedience to positive orders. General McCall led his divi- sion forward, and after hours of .discouraging toil, the knapsacks and clothes of the men increasing in weight at every step, with the saturation of rain, which unceasingly bea:t upon them, the ranks became broken, the artillery horses exhaustted, and the whole division, overcome with fatigue, was brought to an involuntary halt. General McCall sent forward a messenger to General McDowell, and reported that it was impossible for his command to proceed any further, and that he had bivouacked on the Alexandria pike, near Falls Church. A soldier in the Second regiment, describing the scene in camp on that stormy night, says : "After much patient labor, we succeeded in getting our fires started, and towards night, hot coffee was served. Such was the violence of the storm, that it was impossible to put up our tents ; most of the men spent the night in cutting wood and standing around the fires. At one time the heavens opened their flood-gates and poured down a torrent of water, stifling the wind and flooding all below; the flres were instantly extinguished and the patriots were aroused to a, full a,ppreciation of their condition. Not to be OPEEATIONS OF THE AEMT EAST AND WEST. 171 thus conquered by the elements, they set up wild shouts and huzzas, making the woods and hills for miles around, echo with their noise, actually outdoing the storm, and putting the men into a good humor ; all that was wanted to complete their happiness was a iiddle and straight-four, and then they would have made a full night of it. Morning came with a bright, warm sun, nature having exhausted herself in the mad rage of the previous night." On the following morning, at ten o'clock, the division resumed the march, and moving down the pike, passed long lines of fortifications, erected at different times, some by the rebels and others by the National troops, and arriving within a mile of Alexandria, were ordered into camp near the Fair- fax Seminary. At this place the division remained four weeks, and when ;the men found that there had been no necessity for the severe march they had been compelled to make on the 15th of March, they censured their command- ing general, and complained of the hard treatment. Subse- quently, however, they learned that it had been the order of General McClellan that the Eeserves should embark first, and, with the other divisions of the First corps, have the advance in the movement to the lower Chesapeake. Grene- ral McCall has put on record the fact, that this was the only occasion on which the Pennsylvania Eeserves, while under his command, complained of the severity of any duties they were required to perform.' In compliance with the President's order, McDowell's corps was retained in the Department of the Eappahannock for the defense of Washington. McCall's division, there- fore, established comfortable camps near Alexandria and awaited orders. On the 26th of March, General McDowell, reviewed the troops, numbering about forty thousand in his command. The advance to Hunter's Mills had inured the men to the hardships of the campaign, and relieved them of the surplus baggage that had accumulated in camp at Langley. They had learned how to prepare for the march ; what would add to and what detract from their comfort ia 172 HISTORY OP THE PENNSYLVANIA RESERVES. active campaign service. All things superfluous had been discarded, and things necessary provided. The change was perceptible at the review; the men were not overloaded with knapsacks, filled with useless baggage, but every sol- dier was accoutered in marching order, both as to weight and quality of material. "When it had been fully determined that the First corps should be detached from the Army of the Potomac, and McOlellan had already commenced operations on the Penin- sula with the troops under his command, General McDowell put his force in motion towards Catlett's Station on the Alexandria and Orange railroad, with the intention of going down in the direction of Culpepper repairing the railroad, as he advanced. General McDowell understood by his orders that he was retained for the defense of Washington, and that all offensive movements were to be connected with defensive operations for the defense of the Capital. Joining in this movement early on the morning of the 9th of April, just one month after leaving Camp Pierpont, the Eeserves again broke camp and advanced southward in search of the enemy. With three days' cooked rations in their haversacks, the men marched in a severe storm of alternate rain, sleet and snow which had been prevailing for several days, rendering the fields spongy and the roads knee-deep with mud. Passing between Forts Lyons and EUsworth, the division arrived at the Alexandria and Orange railroad, three miles from their camps, and awaited transportation. ' After standing several hours exposed to the pitiless storm, waiting the arrival of the train, the troops took passage, some in open platform cars, and others more fortunate in box cars, which sheltered them from the storm. There was little cheer in the hearts of the men as the trains rolled on slowly and cautiously over the rickety bridges and track. They thought of the dreary night — a bed on the snow-covered ground, unsheltered from the driving sleet and rain. The train would not arrive at Bull Eun until long after nightfall, and pitching camps in pitch darkness OPEEATIONS OF THE AEMT EAST AISTD WEST. 173 on strange grounds, was the gloomy prospect tliat awaited the men. At nine o'clock in the night the division reached the plains of Manassas, two miles beyond Bull Eun ; wet, cold, and stiff, the men were discharged from the train. After a brief search for camping grounds, the brigades came upon the deserted huts of the enemy, and taking possession of the comfortable cabins, enjoyed an unlooked-for good fortune in being sheltered from the storm, and warmed and dried by the glowing fires kindled on the enemy's hearths. On the following morning the corps was put in motion down the railroad towards Catlett's Station. Soon after his arrival at that place, McDowell received instructions from the President, that the object of his having been kept on the Potomac, was purely defensive, that he was constantly to keep in view that he was there for the defense of the Capital, and that his command was to be a covering force for that purpose. "WhUe the First corps remained on the railroad from Manassas to "Warrenton Junction, LrcCall's division was en- camped near the Bull Eun battle field, and many of the men visited the scene of the first terrible conflict between the contending armies. The sight of the vast ruins of depots, storehouses, hospitals, engines, cars, heaps of pro- visions, wagons, caissons, gun carriages, barrels, boxes and clothes burnt by the enemy at Manassas, and the debris of war on the battle field, gave the beholders, astonished at ao great destruction, but a feint conception of the ordeal through which they had volunteered to pass, and of the still more terrible scenes of desolation, blood and gory death, in which they were to be the principal actors. In the camps of the rebels, they found sculls, cross bones, hands, feet, and whole skeletons of their fellow soldiers who had fallen at Bull Eun, nailed over the doors, or hanging against the walls of the tents ; bones sawed into small pieces and half carvecTrings, and other ornaments of human bones, were found in great numbers m the camos occupied during the winter by the rebels. 174 SISTOET OF THE PENNSYLVANIA EESEEVES. -During the encampment at Manassas, the paymaster visited the Eeserve regiments,' and, at about the same time, also, the sutlers arrived, for the douhle purpose of supplying- the men with luxuries and notions, and themselves with money and speedy profits. It is not, however, always the sutler who fares best in the exchange, for at times the "boys make raids " on wagons or tent, and bear away the stores without money and without price. One of these traders at Manassas had a barrel of " sweet cider " in his tent, which he retailed readily at ten cents a glass ; some of the " boys " considering the price uncommonly large and the glass ex- ceedingly small, determined to set up opposition, and ac- cordingly borrowed an auger and a faucet from the sutler, tapped the barrel through the tent at the other end, and sold a much larger glass at a much smaller price, and made more money by the operation than the man on the inside. On the 17th, General Eeynold's brigade moved forward to Gatlett's Station and was followed next day by Meade and Ord. The railroad had been fully repaired and the- bridge built on the wagon road, and ia the position then occupied there was nothing further for the troops to do. General McDowell anxious that his command should be actively em- ployed, applied to the Secretary of War to know, whether it would be " within the scope of his defensive instructions under which he was acting, if he were to take Fredericks-' burg?" The Secretary thought it would, and gave him permission to move against th&t city. The movement was commejiced from Gatlett's the middle of April. Colonel Bayard's cavalry, with the "Ira Harris Light" cavalry formed the advance guard of King's division, which was the first to move from Gatlett's. On the evening of that day and on the following morning, a series of brisk engagements took place between Bayard's force supported by the Fourteenth Brooklyn regiment, and the enemy, near Falmouth ; the rebels were finally routed and driven across the river to Fredericksburg, with considerable loss in killed, wounded and prisoners. In the OPEEATIOJSrs OF THE ARMY EAST AND "WEST. 175 First Pennsylvania cavalry, there were tliree killed and eight wounded, and in the Harris Light cavalry, five were killed and nine wounded. Colonel Bayard made the following report of the encoun- ter, in a letter addressed to the Governor of the State of Pennsylvania: Gamp at Ealmodth, Va., Aprilla, 1862. SiK : — I have tlie lionor to' report that on the morning of the 18tli I was ordered, with one battalion of the First Pennsylvania cavalry, and seven companies of the Harris Light cavalry, to take possession of the bridge leading from this place across the Rappahannock, and hold it mitil General Augur, commanding a brigade, came up. I started at two o'clock in the morning, and about four I reached the vicinity of the enemy. They were posted on a high hill, with a brush on either side of the road, and had erected heavy barricades of rails across the road. Ignorant of these obstructions, as soon as their pick- ets were driven in, I oi'dered Colonel Owen Jones, commanding the battalion of the First Pennsylvania cavalry, to move forward and seize the bridge at aU hazard. He moved forward at a rapid gait, and as soon as he reached the vicinity of the barricades, a very heavy infantry flre was opened upon him. Captain Richard's company M, and Captain Davidson's company Fj acted with the utmost gallantry. Captain M. L. French, of company E, and Sergeant Jesse Fry, of same company, with Lieutenant William Bayard, adjutant of the second battalion, all acted with courage. Cap- tain Davidson was taken prisoner, but finally captured the man who had charge of him, and brought him and his horse into camp. Lieu- tenant Sample, of Captain Richard's company, had his horse killed. Lieutenant Leaf, of same company, acted throughout the aflkir with bravery, whilst the good condu(Jt of Captain Richards is spoken of in the highest terins by Colonel Jones. Of Colonel Jones it is sufficient to say, that he rallied his men with the same coolness with which he led the advance under the withering fire opened upon him. A second charge of the Harris Light cavalry, led by myself, first made me aware of the obstructions in the road. I have since learned that behind the barricades were posted four hundred infantry, and in their rear, on their flanks, were three or four companies of cavalry. Immediately after the affair, the enemy deserted the barricades, and I advanced with General Augur's command in pursuit. That I lost so few men, I attribute to the darkness of the night, which caused the enemy to shoot too high. I had three men killed, nine wounded, and eleven horses killed, and five badly shot. It was quite a brisk little affair, and added to the confidence I have in the 176 HISTOET OF THE PElSrNSYLVANiA EESEBVES. bravery of the men, and the good conduct of the officers of my regi- ment. I think, sir, you can trust this regiment. I am, sir, very respectfully, Your obedient servant, GEO. D. BAYARD, Colonel Pennsylvania Cavalry. To His Excellency Governor A. G. Cttrtist, Harrisburg, Fa. As a reward for tlie gallant conduct of the regiment in tMs engagement, Governor Curtin ordered that " Falmouth, April ISth, 1862/' he inscribed on its flag. When the the enemy returned across the river, he burned all the bridges to check the pursuit of the National troops. General Augur's brigade held Falmouth until the remainder of King's division and the Reserves arrived. The Fifth regiment commanded by Colonel Simmons and the Twelfth, Colonel Taggart, and company A, Captain Neide, of the Second regiment, were detailed to guard the railroad from Alexandria to Warrenton Junction. At Bristoe Station, "William Holmes, a private in Captain Neide's company, died, which was the first death that oc- curred in the Second regiment. The Twelfth regiment marched for Falmouth on the 7th of May ; on the 8th, near Hartwood Church, five men in this regiment were captured by guerrillas ; William Fox, a private in company B, was severely wounded in the head, but made his escape and gave the alarm to the regiment ; these men, neglectful of order^ had straggled three or four miles from the rear guard, and were picked up by the enemy. Colonel Taggart immediately sent back a company of the Harris Light Cavalry, that had come out from Fal- mouth, and three companies of infantry, to scour the country in search of the enemy and the prisoners; the troops returned at night after an unsuccessful effort. The follow- ing morning Colonel Taggart took two companies and went back to the place where his men had been captured and arrested eight citizens, whom he threatened to takelo Fal- mouth as hostages. The farmers, who had maintained a • OPERATIONS OF THE ARMY EAST AND WEST. 177 treasonable silence, wliicli was broken only by the fear of imprispnment, informed Colonel Taggart that a guerrilla leader from Culpepper county bad been scouting in tbat neighborhood, and it was his band that had captured the men and sent them across the Rappahannock, at Eichard's Ford. Having gained this information, and knowing that the enemy had recrossed the river. Colonel Taggart released the hostages. As the men were returning to camp, they discovered traces of blood in the road in front of a bouse owned by a Mr. Stevens, which was reported to have been used as a rendezvous for the guerrillas. The musket belonging to Fox, the man who was wounded, was found in the garden ; Colonel Taggart ordered the dwelling-house dnd out-build- ings to be set on fire and burned to the ground. The order was promptly executed, and the regiment resumed its march and reached Falmouth on the evening of the 9th of May. This visitation on the farmers had a good effect; the second day after the march of the Twelfth, when the Fifth regiment passed over the same road, the farmers came out and warned Colonel Simmons to look out for guerrillas. The "contrabands" were especially active in rendering valuable services ; they acted as guides, and gave important information concerning the character of the inhabitants along the route. On the 9th of May, Colonel Simmons, commanding the Fifth regiment, and three companies that had been detached from other regiments to guard the railroad, started for Fal- mouth, and, after marching three days, reached Camp Wash- ington, opposite Fredericksburg. About the time General McDowell arrived at Falmouth, opposite Fredericksburg, he received a written order from the President, through the Secretary of War, directing him not to cross the Eappahannock, nor to reconstruct the bridges, across the river, but to establish his communication with Aquia Creek and await further orders. 12 178 HISTORY OF THE PENNSTLVANIA EESEKVES. General Franklin's division did not accompany the other divisions of the First corps to Fredericksburg, but was detached, and sent to McClellan at Yorktown about the 20th of April. Subsequently it was organized with Smith's division into the "Sixth Provisional Corps" of the army of the Potomac. General McDowell besought the authorities at Washing- ton to allow him to throw across the river a force, at least, suf&cient to occupy Fredericksburg. He represented that his guns on the north side commanded the city and the landing opposite his position; that Union citizens were being carried away by the rebels, and that large quantities of stores and other property were being removed, and, under the protection of his artillery, he wished to send over a detachment to protect the loyal people and capture the pro- perty of the enemy. Upon these representations. General McDowell was authorized to cross a force only for defensive purposes, but was ordered not to advance beyond the city. ~ Fredericksburg is one of the oldest towns in the State of Virginia; it was settled soon after the time when John Smith attempted to establish a colony at Jamestown; the surrounding country contains many large estates and ele- gant 'mansions. One of these, the " Lacy House," opposite the city, has, in the progress of the war, become doubly historical. It was a fine specimen of English architecture, built of glazed bricks, imported long before the Eevolution. The garden which surrounded it, laid out in beautiful walks, adorned with rare trees and exotic plants, shrubbery and flowers was admired for its taste and elegance. The lawns facing Fredericksburg sloped gradually down to the waters of the Eappahannock, forming a series of terraces, descend- ing to the river's bank. The view from this house was magnificent, the eye taking within its scope the windings of the river above and below for miles, alternating with hills, valleys, fields and woodland, while the old city of Fredericlcs- burg lay at the observer's feet. OPERATIONS OF THE ARMY EAST AND WEST. 179 This elegant mansion, so suggestive of comfort and refine- ment, was the property of one Major Lacy, a prominent Virginia politician, to whose wife it had descended in a bequeathment providing that all the slaves belonging to the estate should be set free. Lacy contested the will, and the courts of the State of Virginia decided, that the testatrix was not of sound mind when she freed the slaves, and that that portion of the will was therefore void. Lacy then sent the freedmen South to be sold into slavery. Having become very unpopular as a politician, when the rebellion broke out he entered the rebel arm;was major, expecting thus to regain his political and social standing. When the National troops approached Falmouth, the mansion, together with its elegant appointments, was deserted by Mrs. Lacy, and became the headquarters of General McDowell. During this occupation everything was scrupulously pro- tected, and scarcely a rose was suffered to be plucked from its stem without the permission of the commanding of&cer. The ravages of war, however, soon overtook this palace of comfort and beauty. When, in the spring of 1863, the author last saw the once beautiful mansion, there remained only a wreck of its former beauty. The furniture was gone, with the exception of here and there a broken, chair or lounge; rough soldiers were sitting in the once elegant parlors, cooking coffee; the doors and wainscoating had been torn off to make firewood; the windows were broken; the garden trodden down and destroyed; hackled stumps showed where noble trees once stood, and scores of horses were picketed around the once lordly structure. The place had been occupied during the winter for an hospital by that' noble, self-sacrificing, christian woman, Mrs. Dr. John Harris,* of the city of Philadelphia. She * In the spring of 1863, as the author was one day riding with Colonel Owen, of Brooklyn, turning to ascend a hill, he discovered an ambu- lance just in the act of overturning. Fearing some sick or wounded soldiers might he seriously injured by the fall, he galloped forward, 180 HISTOKT OF THE PENKSYLVAlsaA EESERVES found the house a wreck, and after the hospital had been removed, previous to the campaign, to ChancellorsviUe, the destruction of everything but the brick walls was made complete. The First corps remained in front of Fredericksburg, comparatively inactive, more than a month. General McDowell was, all this time, anxious to move down the Eichmond pike, to the right wing of McClellan's army, and repeatedly solicited permission from the War Department to execute the movement. It was, however, deemed inex- pedient to withdraw these troops from the Eappahannoek, and the First corps was detained at Falmouth. The Eeserve regiments ornamented their camps with arbors and lawns, shaded with boughs of cedar and pine, and made themselves comfortable, as they supposed, for the summer. Surgeon Thomas H. Eeed, of the Second regiment, was promoted to brigade surgeon, and ordered to Yorktown, and Assistant Surgeon Edward DonneUy, of the Fifth regi- ment, was promoted to the rank of surgeon, to fill the vacancy created by the promotion of Surgeon Eeed. In this camp, a number of recruits, brought in by of&cers sent out from Camp Pierpont, joined the division. Captaia Clow, the division commissary, erected a mammoth bakery, from dismounted, and tearing open the curtains, there discovered Mrs. Harris and her devoted co-laborer, Mrs. S. Grier Beck, completely sur- rounded, covered over and bound down with kegs, kettles, boxes, buckets and pans, whose semi-liquid contents of apple butter, stewed fruit, jellies, gruels, and other dainties, had overflowed, not only the ladies, saturating their clothes, but socks, slippers, bandages and linen were inextricably mixed. The author, with the aid of the colonel, suc- ceeded in unburying the unfortunate ladies, who, though considerably bruised, lamented only for the loss to the "poor sick soldiers" in the field hospital tiaey had set out to visit on eiTands of mercy. Bad roa(Js, storm, toil, danger, privation, all combined, could not dishearten or turn back these noblewomen. Wherever the Army of the Potomac marched, encamped or battled, there were they to comfort the sick to soothe the wounded, to invoke blessings on the dying Boldiers. OPEBATIOKS OF THE AEMT EAST AND WEST. 181 wliicli were issued over twenty thousand loaves of excellent bread per day, and supplied to the men in regular rations. Colonel Bayard, commanding the cavalry regiment of the Eeserve Corps, was, on the 28th of April, commissioned a brigadier-general. A "flying brigade" was organized" for service in the Department of the Eappahannock ; it contained the First Pennsylvania and the First New Jersey cavalry, and four companies of the Bucktail regiment, in command of Lieutenant- Colonel Kane ; the brigade was commanded by General Bayard. These troops we're employed on picket duty and in scouting expeditions along the bank of the Eappahannock. On the 5th of May, Lieutenant-Colonel Owen Jones was promoted to the colonelcy of ^ the cavalry regiment, made vacant by the promotion of Colonel Bayard. Owen Jones was born in Montgomery county, Pennsyl- vania, on the 29th of December, 1819. He received a liberal education, and after graduating at the University of Pennsylvania, studied law in the office of Hon. William M- Meredith, who filled with marked ability, the office of attorney-general of the State during both terms of Governor Curtin's administration. Mr. Jones, preferring the quiet of country life, after his admission to practice, took up his residence on the family homestead, in his native county ; he drew around him all the comforts, conveniences and luxuries that wealth and a pleasant family could procure, and devoted his life to his home and friends. In 1856 he was elected a member of Congress, and repre- sented his district during one term at the National Capital. When the rebellion of the Southern conspirators threat- ened the existence of the Government, he volunteered his services for its defence. Early in the Spring of 1861, he organized a company of cavalry, called the " Lower Merion Troop," and exchanging his luxurious home for the hardships of camp life, marched his company to Camp Curtin, at Harrisburg. When the regiment of Cavalry attached to the Eeserve Corps was 182 : HISTOET OF THE "PENNSYLVANIA EESKEVES. organized, Captain Jones was elected major ; he was placed in command of the regiment and marched with it to Wash- ington. Subsequently he was elected lieutenant-colonel, and on the promotion of Colonel Bayard was commissioned colonel. After the middle of May, General Shields' division of General Banks' corps, was ordered from the Shenandoah to Fredericksburg ; and General McDowell was instructed by the President to advance towards Richmond, and join the right of McClellan's army with his whole command, in- cluding the division from Banks' army, as soon as General Shields arrived. General McDowell sent forward Bayard's brigade to reconnoitre the road towards Eichmond, and prepare the way for the advance of the army. The " flying brigade" marched from Fredericksburg on the 24th of May; the enemy everywhere on the road retreated hastily, but half completing their work of destruc- tion as they fled. General Bayard's advance had reached a point but eight miles from Hanover Court-house, driving the enemy before him, when, to his deep regret, and the disappointment of his men, who supposed they were on a fair way to capture Richmond, a messenger from General McDowell overtook the command and ordered General Bayard to return to Fredericksburg. At the same time, in obedience to iastructions from the President, General McClellan had sent a corps under General Fitz John Porter to Hanover Court-house, where he met the enemy xmder General Anderson, whom he attacked, and after a severe engagement routed and drove from the field. Thus every- thiag in the front was most favorable for McDowell's ad- vance down the road from Fredericksburg, and his junction with McClellan's army. President Lincoln and the Secretory of War, accom- panied by members of the cabinet and other distinguished personages, arrived from Washington at Fredericksburg on the 24th, and conferred with General McDowell on the pending movement, the defencfe of the Capital and the OPEBATrOSrS OF THE ARMY EAST AND WEST. 183 strength and position of troops remaining north of the Rappahannock. General McDowell said he would be ready- to move on Saturday afternoon, the 24th of May ; the Presi- dent, however, was averse to commencing a campaign on Sunday, and suggested that the. command should move early on Monday morning. The President left McDowell's headquarters on Saturday night, and almost immediately after his departure, a despatch was received by General McDoAvell, announcing the raid of the rebel General Jack- son down the Shenandoah valley. This diversion of the enemy wholly changed the plans of McDowell's campaign. By order of the President, Bayard's brigade was withcalled, and followed by three divisions, commanded by Generals Shields, King, and Ord, was sent with all possible haste to intercept Jackson's retreat up the valley. The regiment of cavalry and company C, commanded by Captain Leander W. Gifford ; company G, Captain Hugh McDonald; company H, Captain Charles F. Taylor, and company I, Captain "William F. Blanchard, of the Bucktail regiment, were the only troops from the Reserve Corps that joined in this expedition. McCall was ordered to hold Fredericksburg, until the return of the three divisions of the First corps from the Shenandoah. The troops marched by the Catlett's Station road through Thoroughfare Gap to Front Royal, where they arrived on Sunday the 1st of June, and after taking an hour's rest pushed forward to Strasburg, coming up to the rear guard of Jackson's retreating army, General Bayard ordered his cavaby to halt until reinforce- ments would arrive. On Monday morning he pushed forward, driving the enemy through the town, and was almost immediately joined by the advance guard of General Fremont's army, marching from the west to intercept Jackson. Bayard's brigade was ordered to press forward as rapidly as possible on the rear of the flying enemy. A light brigade and flying artillery from Fremont's army joined General Bayard's troops. The morning was clear and refreshing, after a 184 HISTORY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA RESERVES. heavy rain, and tlie pursuit had every element of interest and excitement. At intervals, the sound of artillery, rapidly served, was heard rolling over the hills, indicating to the marching column that the enemy's rear guard had made a stand, in the hope of checking the pursuit. On Monday evening, near Woodstock, General Ewell, who commanded the rear guard of the rebel army, made a stand in a strong position, hoping to delay, for at least a few hours, the vigorous pursuit ; he turned his guns against the First New Jersey cavalry, which was in the advance, but reinforce- ments coming up promptly, the rebels were outflanked and forced to retire in hot haste through Woodstock. The pursuit continued 'with almost hourly skirmishes until the 6th of June, when Jackson's rear guard again attempted to make a stand at Harrisonsburgh, and a running fight occurred, lasting from two o'clock in the afternoon until dark. The enemy was driven from the town early in the afternoon by Bayard's brigade, and the men were resting and preparing coffee, when a scout came in, bringing a report that three hundred rebel cavaby were checked in their retreat by the breaking down of a bridge, which was being repaired. Colonel Wyndham, of the First New Jersey cavalry, was sent forward to reconnoitre the position of the enemy. The report of the scout proved to be false, and Colonel Wyndham's regiment was drawn into an ambuscade of infantry, and lost severely in officers and men. As soon as the disaster to the New Jersey cavalry was reported at headquarters, General Fremont sent for- ward General Bayard, with the four companies of Bucktails and the First Pennsylvania cavalry, commanded by Colonel Owen Jones, and Colonel Cluseret's brigade, to defend the southern approaches to the town. Colonel Cluseret drove the enemy on the left, captured his camps, and held the crest of woods on which the rebels had been posted. Lieu- tenant-Colonel Kane pushed forward through a wood on the right, and suddenly found himself opposed by four regiments of infantry, supported by cavalry and artillery. OPERATIONS OF THE AEMY EAST AND WEST. 185 The first regiment broke under the impetuous charge of the gallant Bucktails, and retreated behind the other regiments, posted beyond the crest of the hill. When Kane's men gained the crest and discovered the force of the enemy, Martin Kelley, a private in one of the companies, called out to Lieutenant-Colonel Kane: "Colonel, shall I draw their fire ?" and immediately rushing forward, received the full volley m three regiments and fell dead, pierced in every part of the body. Belying on supports, the band of Buck- tails held the enemy in check for more than an hour, doing terrible execution with their rifles ; but finally discovering the insignificance of the number of the opposing force, the enemy closed in on them, and forced • them to retire with heavy loss. At one time during this spirited engagement, a rebel officer appeared in front of the enemy's line, urging the men to charge ; almost immediately, Fred Holmes, one of the Bucktail riflemen, raised to his cheek the unerring rifle, and fired ; the ofScer leaped from the ground and fell dead. It was General Ashby, whose death was a host lost to the enemy. Lieutenant-Colonel Kane was wounded in the leg early in the engagement, but refused to allow him- self to be carried from the field. Captain Charles F. Taylor assumed the active command, and after having withdrawn the remnant of the battalion from the woods, under the pro- tection of Bayard's cavalry, Captain Taylor, finding that his commanding of&cer had been left on the field, turned back to recover his body, if dead, or to assist him away^ if wounded; both, however, fell into the hands of the enemy, and were sent prisoners to Richmond. General Bayard's brigade now became part of Fremont's army, and acted with it until its union with the Army of the Potomac, under General Pope, at Bull Eun. On the 8th of June, in the battle of Cross Keys, both the Bucktail battalion and the cavalry regiment were actively engaged and suffered severely. The battle commenced at half past eight o'clock in the morning, and until four o'clock in the afternoon, Fremont struggled with all his force to over- 186 HISTOEY OF THE PENKSYLVAHIA EESERVES. ■whelm and capture Jackson's army, and woiild, doubtlessly, have succeeded, but for the withdrawal of a brigade on the left, whose commander, misunderstanding an order to relieve the troops in his front, ordered them to fall back in good order. The battle ceased ; and during the night the wily rebel withdrew his army in safety beyond the Shenan- doah river, at Port Eepublic, and destroying the bridge, to prevent pursuit, escaped to Eichmond, thus ending the Jackson raid, and the campaign of Banks, McDowell and Fremont in the Shenandoah valley. PENINSULAE CAMPAIGN. 187 CHAPTER VI. PENINSULAR CAMPAIGK — MECHANICSVILLE — GAINES' MILL. The Reserves in camp at Fredericksburg — Condition of brigades — General Reynolds military governor — General Ord, promotion, Ms military services— McClellan calls for reinforcements — Destruction of bridges at Fredericksburg — McCall's division ordered to the Peninsula — Embarkation — Sailing to the White House — -Disembarkation — March to Despatch station — Pursuit of enemy at Tunstall's station — Stuart's raid — Arrival of Third brigade — The Reserves save McClellan's line of communication — Concentration of the division at Despatch station — Strength of the division — March to new bridge — Spirit of the men — McCall and his troops assigned the post of honor — March to Mechanlcs- Tille — The appearance of the troops — Pusition on Beaver Dam creek — Occupation of Mechanicsville — Picket lines — Powerful armies face to face — Delay of the attack — The situation ; in Richmond ; in the armies — McClellan in doubt — Resolves to give brittle — Position of the army — Advance of the left wing — Position of the right wing — .Jackson's move- ment — Advance of the Rebel army — Battle of Mechanicsville — Night after tLe battle — Withdrawal to a new line-^Position at Gaines' Mill — Battle of Gaines' Mill — Desperate fighting by regiments — Official reports — Results. The departure of two divisions of the First corps for tlie Shenandoali valley, left McCall witli the Reserve Corps at Fredericksburg to hold the position, until General McDowell should return with the other divisions of his command. General McCall moved his division from the rear of Fal- mouth, to the position vacated by General King's division, opposite Fredericksburg, and established his headquarters in the Phillips House, situated on a hill half a mile north- east from the Lacy House, which it surpassed in architectu- ral beauty and elegance of finish. The Phillips House was^ in December, 1862, made the headquarters of General Burn- side during the battle of Fredericksburg, and afterwards the headquarters of General Sumner ; in the spring of 1863, it was accidently destroyed by fire. 188 HISTOBY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA EESEEYE3. Oa the 24tli of May, General McDowell addressed a com- municatiou to General McCall, requesting him to report which of his brigades was the least efficient or least fit to take the field"? To this inquiry, General McCall replied : " It is impossible for me to draw a satisfactory distinction between the brigades of my division; in respect to their arms, they are equally efficient, having about the ■ same number of smooth bore Harper's Ferry muskets in each, (say about twelve hundred,) while the remainder are rifle muskets.. I consider all these brigades as fit to take the field as any in the service, as far as the physique and intelli- gence of the men are questions; and the discipline and instruction are good in all." Colonel McGalmont of the Tenth regiment, after the expe- rience of a -winter in camp, found his health rapidly failing. He had applied himself most assiduously to the labor of preparing his regiment for effective service, and left nothing unaccomplished that his versatile genius could suggest as advantageous to the thorough discipline of his command. He was eminently successful ; but when the time came for the well drilled regiment to be led in active campaigns, Colonel McCalmont was obliged, on account of his broken health, to allow that honor to his junior officer. He accord- ingly resigned his commission in the month of May, while the regiment was at Fredericksburg. Lieu tenant- Colonel James T. Kirk was elected to the colonelcy, and commanded the regiment through the Peninsular campaign, and until after the battle of Antietam. On the 26th of May, General Eeynolds' brigade marched across the river on a trestle bridge, and occupied the city of Fredericksburg. General Eeynolds was appointed military governor, and camped his brigade on the heights in the rear of the city. His administration of affairs in Fredericks- burg was vigorous and equitable, so that the loyal citizens rejoiced in the establishment of the authority of the United States in their city. While at, Fredericksburg, the Third brigade lost its com- PENINSULAR CAMPAIGN. 189 mander, who, by his ability as an officer, bad won the confi- dence of the soldiers, and was much loved by all the men. Edward O. C. Ord was born in the State of Maryland, in 1818, and graduated at the military academy at West Point in 1839. He was comniissioned second lieutenant of the Third regiment United States artillery, and sent to Florida, to serve against the Seminole Indians. At the close of the Florida war, Lieutenant Ord was ordered to join the coast survey, where he served with distinction. In 1846, he was sent to Califoraia, and in 1851 he was promoted to a captaincy and employed on the Atlantic coast. He was returned to the West, to serve in California and Oregon, in 1855. At the beginning of the war against the rebels, he came East, and in September, 1861, was commissioned a brigadier-general, and given the choice of several vacancies. General Ord, without a moment of hesitation, asked to be assigned to the command of the vacancy in the Pennsyl- vania Eeserve Corps; choosing tha> position both on account of his great confidence in the military abilities of General McCall, and the honorable reputation already attained by the regiments of his division. The Third brigade, under his instructions, rose rapidly in efficiency, and under his command, in December, fought and won the battle of Dranesville. In May, 1862, General Ord was promoted to a major-generalship, and was assigned to the command of a division in the First corps. The brigade of Eeserves parted with him in sorrow, and never again loved an officer so dearly. The vacancy was fiUed by the assignment of Brigadier- General Truman Sey- mour, who, previous to the promotion of General Ord, had been a captain in command of the United States battery attached to McCall's division. After the battle of Fair Oaks, which ended on the first of June, General McClellan repeated, with renewed emphasis, his demands for reinforcements, which, from the day of his landing at Fortress Monroe, in April, until his departure 190 HISTORY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA RESERVES. from Harrison's Landing, in July, had been incessant. On the 4th of June, he telegraphed to the Secretary of War : " Terrible rain storm during the night and morning — not yet cleared ofi". Chickahominy flooded, bridges in bad con- dition. Are still hard at work at them. I hav& taken every possible step to insure the security of the corps on the right bank, but I cannot reinforce them here until my bridges are all safe, as my force is too small to insure my right and rear, should the enemy attack in that direction^, as they may probably attempt. I have to be very cautious now. Our loss in the late battle will probably amount to seven thousand. I have not yet full returns. On account of the effect it might have on our own men and the enemy, I request that you will regard this information as confiden- tial for a few days. I am satisfied that the loss of the enemy was very considerably greater ; they were terribly punished. I mention these facts now, merely to show you that the Army of the Potomac has had serious work, and that no child's play is before it. "You must make your calculations on the supposition that I have been correct from the beginning in asserting that the serious opposition was to be made here. " Please inform me, at once, what reinforcements, if any, I can count upon having at Fortress Monroe or White House within the next three days, and when each regiment may be expected to arrive. It is of the utmost importance that I should know this immediately. " If I can have five new regiments for Fort Monroe and its dependencies, I can draw three more old regiments from there safely. I can well dispose of four more raw regiments on my communications. I can well dispose of from fifteen to twenty well-drilled regiments among the old brigades in bringing them up to their original effective strength. Ee- cruits are especially necessary for the regular and volunteer batteries of artillery, as well as for the regular and volun- teer regiments of infantry. After the losses in our last battle, I trust I will no longer be regarded as an alarmist PENINSULAB CAMPAIGK. 191 I believe we have at least one more desperate battle to figbt." Among otber reinforcements promised, in reply to this despatch, Secretary Stanton informed General McClellan, that General McCall would be ordered to move on trans- ports to White House, as soon as McDowell's force re- turned from its trip to Port Eoyal. On the 7th of June, the Secretary advised General McClellan of the departure of troops for the Peninsula, and inquired, whether he would, on their arrival, be in a condi- tion to advance. To this General McClellan replied : — " I have the honor to state that the Chickahominy river has risen so as to flood the entire bottoms to the depth of three and four feet. I am pushing forward the bridges in spite of this, and the men are working night and day, up to their waists in water, to complete them. " The whole face of the country is a perfect bog, entirely impassable for artillery or even cavalry, except directly in the narrow roads, which renders any general movement, either of this or the rebel army, entirely out of the ques- tion until we have more favorable weather. " I am glad to' learn that you are pressing forward rein- forcements so vigorously. ' " I sha-ll be in perfect readiness to move forward and take Richmond, the moment McCall reaches here and the ground will admit the passage of artillery. I have advanced my pickets about a mile to-day, driving off the rebel pickets and securing a very advantageous position." "When the disloyal population oL Fredericksburg learned that many of the National troops were leaving that vicinity, and believing that all would soon be withdrawn, they ex- hibited great hostility to the Union cause, and became inso- lent and abusive. General Reynolds, however, when he was appointed military governor, at once adopted measures to restrain all unfriendly demonstrations. On the 4th of June, there was a great freshet in the river, which carried away all the bridges connecting Fredericksburg with the 192 HISTORY OF TEE PENNSYLVANIA EESEEVES. .nortli. bank of the Eappabannock. The pontoon bridge had been taken up the day before, by order of General McCall, the trestle bridge at the Lacy House gave way, and its tim- bers lodging against the railroad bridge, caused that to sepa- rate and float down the stream. The weight of these two striking the bridge of canal boats, swept it before them. Fortunately, the gunboat fleet succeeded in saving the ma- terials, and enabled the engineer corps speedily to recon- struct the bridges. When the citizens of Fredericksburg saw the rising torrent sweeping away the bridges, they collected on the shore, and manifested great joy, the men cheering wildly, and the women waving their white handkerchiefs. They knew that the First brigade was cut off from com- munication with the two other brigades north of the river, and they already began to meditate an attack on the troops in the city. They were reminded, however, that General McCall's artillery commanded the city, and that it would open on it with all its force if any hostile demonstrations were made against the troops on that side of the river. Without waiting for the absent divisions of McDowell's corps to return to Fredericksburg, the authorities at Wash- ington ordered General McCall to move his division of Pennsylvania Reserves to the Peninsula. A fleet of tran- sports had been ordered up the Eappahannock to convey the troops to White House. Accordingly, on Sunday morn- ing, the 8th of June, the regiments were ordered to cook rations and prepare to march. At sun-set the tents were struck, and knapsacks hastily packed, and in the darkness and stillness of night, tl^g whole division marched through the woods, along the river bank to Gray's landing, about ten miles below Falmouth, where the brigades bivouacked at two o'clock on Monday morning. At daylight, the work of embarkation began, and was pushed forward with great vigor. Early in the afternoon, the vessels carrying the First and Second brigades, steamed into line and moved down the river ; the music of the bands and the cheers of ^VrCINITYoir PENINSULAE CAMPAIGN. 193 tte men reverberated through the forests and sounded along the shore. On Monday night, the fleet anchored off Port Conway, and weighing anchor at daylight on Tuesday, steamed down the river. At four o'clock in the afternoon it reached Chesa- peake bay, and heading southwardly entered York river. During the night, many of the vessels came to anchor off "West Point, at the confluence of the Pamunky and the Mattapony rivers. On Wednesday morning, the 11th, the fleet entered the Pamunky, and stearing along the low swampy shores of that exceedingly crooked river, the nu- merous vessels sefemingly moving in every direction, yet, all ascending the stream, after passing and meeting hun- dreds of government transports, at nine o'clock in the even- ing arrived at the White House, and the debarkation of the troops was immediately commenced. The Third brigade was delayed two days, waiting for transports and did not arrive at the White House until the 14th of June. As the vessels moved down the Rappahannock, passing the large plantations on its shores, the negroes assembled in large numbers and watched with delight the crowds of sol- diers on their decks ; the untutored slave knew, intuitively, that good must come to him by the movement of armies through the South. They cheered each vessel as it passed, by swinging their hats and handkerchiefs in the air, and sending forth exclamations of joy. At one point below Tappahannock, an old man appeared on shore with his wife and son ; as the vessels approached, he commenced shout- ing, " Oh ! glory ! glory ! I wish I was wid you, but I have no boat and can't swim. Oh ! glory ! glory ! Massa Lincoln ! can't I go wid you !" Some of the men called to him to come out, they would take him. Immediately he rushed into the water, followed by wife and child, and pushed for- ward until they stood up to their necks in the stream, im- ploringly extending their hands, alternately shouting for joy, and pleading in tones of deep despair, for "Massa Lincoln " to take thpm on board. - 13 194 HISTORY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA EESEBVE9. No helping hand was extended to meet the outstretched arms of the poor slave, imploring for deliverance. Suffer- ing, toil, destruction, loss of wealth, wounds, death, had not been sufficiently endured by the Nation, to develop the Nation's policy. The servants of rebel masters were turned back to rebel plantations, there to labor for the production of provisions to supply the rebel army. The people had not yet learned wisdom through fear and suffering ; and the rulers had not yet been forced into the adoption of a liberal policy in dealing with the loyal meu of the South. Two years later, the entire fleet would have been stopped, and a brigade of colored men marched on board, organized, armed, drilled and sent to that pordon of the field in which the battle raged the fiercest. As rapidly as the regiments were debarked, they marched up the York river and Eichmond railroad, and bivouacked a short distance from the landing. The First and Second brigades were formed and marched to a forage depot on the railroad, near Tunstall's station. On the 13th, they resumed their march, and moved forward to Despatch station. Soon after the brigades had gone into camp, a report reached General McCall that the enemy's cavalry had attacked the railroad guard at Tunstall's station. G-eneral Eeynolds was ordered to move down the railroad to the relief of the guard. Colonel H. Gr. Sickel, who commanded the Second brigade, threw out camp guards and prepared his command to resist an attack. It was already night, but the bright moon and stars made it almost light as day. The six companies of Bucktails, commanded by Major Eoy Stone, were thrown forward as skirmishers, and were closely followed by the other regiments of the First brigade. After a rapid march of eight miles, the troops reached Tunstall's station, where they found a train of cars on fire and a portion of the track torn up; but the enemy had disappeared. The fire was extinguished and the freight and station house saved. A detachment moved on to White House, as it was believed, the enemy would attempt to destroy that immense depot of PENINSULAR CAMPAIGN. 195 supplies, and the shipping in the river. Fortunately, the Third brigade of the Eeserves, commanded by General Seymour, arrived at the White House, and was debarking at the time of the alarm. These troops were immediately placed in positions to defend the depot and the rebel raider, _ finding the place strongly guarded, did not attack it. The enemy who had thus suddenly appeared in the rear of the Army of the Potomac, was Stuart's cavalry, on its famous raid. At "Old Church" near Hanover, they attacked and overpowered Captain Eoyall's squadron of the Fifth United States cavalry, and then pushed forward to destroy the railroad and the depot of supplies at the White House. The Pennsylvania Eeserves, however, happening so oppor- tunely on McClellan's lines of communication, thwarted the designs of the enemy, and saved the Army of the Potomac from great embarrassment. When the detachment of Stuart's cavalry arrived at Tunstall's station, the men- dismounted, and awaited the arrival of the train ; when it approached the station, they fired at the locomotive and cars, and killed one man and wounded several. The engineer, however, escaped, and crowding on all the steam, succeeded in saving the train. Th'e enemy then set fire to a train at the depot, and a park of wagons near the station. But, learning of the approach of Eeynolds' brigade, the rebels cut short their work of destruction and withdrew to the swamps. In the morning, some of the laborers, who had fled to the woods at the approach -of the rebds returned to the Station; the bodies of others, who had been killed, were found and buried. Several of Stuart's men, who had become intoxi- cated on the spirits, taken from sutler's wagons, were found in the woods and captured. A butcher from Eichmond rode iato camp wild with frantic joy. He sat down with the Union soldiers and commenced to relate the exploits of his squad of men among the supply trains, and proposed to take out the Yankee prisoners and hang them. Finally, he was informed, that he himself was a prisoner in the camp of the Yankees, and if any hanging was to be done he 196 HISTORY OP THE FENNSYLVAJSTIA EESEEVE3. "might find himself at the wrong end of the rope." The drunken wretch was so alarmed at the sudden change of his situation, that he instantly became sober, and plead for his life. After tormenting him a short time, the Eeserves sent him away under guard to the provost marshal. The pursuit of the enemy having ceased, the troops re- turned to their camp, near Despatch station, and on the 17th of June, the whole division of the Eeserves, with the ex- ception of the cavalry and four companies of the Bucktails, who were with General Bayard in the Shenandoah valley, and the Sixth regiment, commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel Henry B. McKeafll, which was ordered to remain at Tun- stall's station, was united under General McCaU. On the same day, the division was twice par^ided for review by General McClellan, but the general failing to arrive, the re- view did not take place. All day long, the sound of artillery firing, far away to the southwest, was distinctly heard in camp, and the men felt that they were about to enter upon active service in the face of the enemy. General Meade, who had been detained at Fredericksburg on special duty, rejoined his command at Despatch station. The Eeserve CcJrps numbered twelve thousand nine hun- dred and sixty-six men ; of these, about two thousand were absent by authority, on detached service or sick in hospitals; fifteen privates and four oificers, were absent without proper authority. Therefore, the fighting strength of the division, when it entered upon the Peninsular campaign, was ten thou- sand of&cers and men. On the 17th, orders were issued, forbidding the beating of drums, the playing of bands or the making of any noise, that might enable the enemy to learn the position of the camp. Later in the day the regiments received orders to be ready to march early on the following morning. No reveille was sounded, but aU. the men were up and ready to move before the order was given to march. Forage was scarce, and the roads rough, cut in holes, and severe on the teams. For two days, without forage, the horses toiled PENINSULAR CAMPAIGN. 197 witli the artillery and trains over the terrible roads; the men subsisted on hard bread; without a murmur, they marched forward to take their position on the extreme right of McClellan's army. Their line of march was often in sight of the rebel pickets, and sometimes under the enemy's fire. On the evening of the 18th, the division encamped near new bridge, on ground vacated by Franklin's divi-^ sion. An of&cer in the Twelfth regiment, in a description of the camp at new bridge, says : — " The Eeserves soon found they were in a warm place. The Union troops were at work on the bridge over the Chickahominy, and the rebels had a battery in their front, firing constantly, in the attempt to drive the workmen from the bridge. Several men were killed and wounded that day, and the shells flew in decidedly close proximity to some of our young soldiers, who had not had the luck to be 'in' at Dranesville, causing them to 'duck' their heads involuntarily, while older soldiers, who had 'faced the music' before, began to think we were having a decidedly lively time. It was an abrupt introduction to the realities of war, and served to brace the nerves of the boys for more of the same sort, soon to come." General McCall returned the fire of the enemy with his batteries. In a short time the firing ceased ; one man was slightly wounded and one of MQCall's guns dismounted. On the morning of the 19th of June, General McCall re- ceived orders fi:om General McClellan to move forward with the greater part of his division to Mechanicsville, and take a position on the extreme right of the Army of the Potomac. This was the post of greatest danger, and was, therefore, the post of honor. General Meade's brigade was ordered to remain at the camp on Gaines' farm, in a position command- ing new bridge. General Eeynolds moved his brigade over the Walnut Grove Church road to Beaver Dam creek, near Mechanicsville, and took up a strong position on the east bank of the creek ; the approaches on the west side were protected by a swamp difficult to pass. General Seymour 198 HISTORY OF THE PENSTSYLVANIA EESEE*^E9. marolied up the river road near the Chickahominy, and formed his brigade on the bank of Beaver Dam creek, joining the left of Eeynolds' brigade with his right, and extending the left of his line to the Chickahominy. General McOall selected the position and placed his troops with great care. Though the line of the creek was, by the nature of the grounds in front, a strong posir tion for defence, the troops were immediately employed to strengthen the weaker points. The roads crossing the creek at Bllerson's mill, on the left, and another near the right of the line, were defended by epaulments and rifle pits. Not only the general officers, but the officers and privates of the division thoroughly understood the import- ance of the position • to which they had been assigned, and also the necessity for its successful defence. Moreover, the reputation of the Pennsylvania Eeserve Corps had reached the Peninsula before the division arrived on that eventful field ; nor did the men suffer by comparison with the troops who had for many toUsome weeks wasted their energy in the swamps of the Chickahominy. A cotemporary says :* "I saw this division when landed; and in the march up the railroad to different positions, I could not but look upon them with considerable satisfaction, for their condition was so much better than that of the army which had been breathing the pestilential a.ir of the Peninsula for three months." Two officers of the Peruvian army, who were present to observe the operations of McClellan's army, see- ing the conduct of the Reserves when they landed at the "White House, complimented them on their high state of discipline, and inquired how long they had been in service; when informed that they had volunteered from civil life one year previous to that date, these officers were astonished at the progress they had made in the knowledge of military duties, and especially remarked on the prompt obedience the men gave to the orders ajid commands of their officers. As soon as McCall had established his division on * Dr. Mark's Peninsular Campaign. MECHANICSVIiLE. 199 Beaver Dam creek, lie directed General Eeynolds to post two regiments beypnd the creek to picket the line of the Chickahominy, and guard the approaches to Mechanics- ville. The Buoktail regiment, commanded by Major Eoy Stone, and tjie Fifth, commanded by Colonel Simmons, were entrusted with that important duty. They moved forward to Mechanicsville, and extended their picket line to Atley's station. The rebel lines were on the opposite bank of the Chickahominy, and the pickets could with ease converse with each other. The most diligent vigi- lance was kept day and night. The officers and men were fully aroused to the duties of the hour. The two most powerful armies that had ever faced each other on the Western Continent, now stood like two giants, armed for the death struggle. Foot to foot, sabre to sabre; eyes flashed mutual defiance, yet neither dare release to the other the locked sabre. The slightest pulsation on either bank of the Chickahominy was instantly felt on the other. Both ready for the fray, yet neither willing to strike the first blow. Eventful days, momentous hours, awful mo- ments were gliding away in terrible, delays 1 Days for whose loss the Nation atoned in sacrifices, carrying to their shallow graves tens of thousands of noble citizens, and con- suming hundreds of millions of wealth. Every hour of the long weary days spent in repose, from the day of the battle of Fair Oaks, until the 25th of June, cost the Nation life and treasure never to be replaced. While General McClel- lan was bridging rivers and swamps, and erecting defensive works, the Confederate General Lee was preparing for an offensive campaign, against the army sent to beleaguer his Capital. After the battle of Fair Oaks, which ended in the com- plete rout of the whole rebel army at Richmond on the 1st of June, the road to the rebel Capital was open to the Army of the Potomac, and if General McClellan would have ordered forward that portion of his army south of the Chickahominy in pursuit of the flying enemy, the re- 200 HISTORY OF THE PENNSTLVA^SXA. , EESEEVES. mainder, amounting to two-fiftlis of Hs force, could have been brought forward in time to co-operate -with the pur- suing column. General J. G. Barnard, Chief Engineer, and General W. F. Barry, Chief of Artillrj, says :* " The repulse of the rebels at Fair Oaks should have been taken advantage of. It was one of those occasions which; if not seized, do not repeat themselves. "We now know the state of demoralization and dismay in which the rebel army retreated. We now know that it could have been followed into Eichmond. Had it been so, there would have been no resistance to ovei-come to bring over our right wing. Although we did not then know all that we now do, it was obvious at that time, that when the rebels struck a blow at our left wing, they did not leave any means in their hands unused to secure success. It was obvious enough that they struck with their whole force; and yet we repulsed them in disorder with three-fifths of ours. We could have followed them up at the same time that we brought over the other two-fifths." An of&cer in the rebel army, in a communication to a European journal, says : "The most fearful panic fell upon Eichmond, and all who could possibly get away packed up every thing they had and fled southward. The nearer the hostile army ap- proached the city the fiercer the tumult and uproar became. The burning waves of popular alarm could not be stayed. The Government itself furthered the confusion. Instead of resolving to triumph or faU with the army in front of Eichmond, it at once ordered all the different bureaux to pack up, and caused the officers of ordnance to empty the magazines and convey their stores further south. Even President Davis took to the road, and hastened, with his wife and children to North Carolina. As may be readily divined, this loss of presence of mind threw the people at * Report of the Engineer and Artillery operations of the Army of the Potomac, page 65. MECHANICSVILLE. 201 large into tlie most frantic excess of terror. There was nothing on all sides but shouting and uproar, and con- fiision reached its utmost height. The secret police of General Winder lost all control. The civil authorities of Eichmond were anxious to do something, but knew not what, and also lost their senses. A small number of the Baltimore rabble took advantage of the hubbub, and, in public meeting, passed resolutions condemning Eichmond to conflagration so soon as the Union troops should enter it. Yet all who could escape did so. The sick and wounded were carried further into the interior ; many public and pri- vate buildings were marked out for destruction ; and, in short, a frightful catastrophe seemed to b'e impending over the Southern capital." General Johnston the Commander-in-chief of the rebel forces, was wounded at the battle of Fair Oaks, and the command of the army passed into the hands of General Lee, who, the same writer says : " Was exactly the man to bring quiet and order out of this unreasonable chaos. He went to work with great zeal and enegy to digcharge his onerous task. All disposable troops were hastily summoned from the interior ; General Stonewall Jackson's army corps was ordered to Eichmond; all the hospitals were cleared of their occupants and pre- parations made for ten thousand wounded men; artillery and ammunition wagons rattled by day and night through the streets, while aids and orderlies galloped to and, fro in wild hurry-scurry with their despatches. " Masses of troops came pouring in daily, yes, hourly, but without music or any military pomp. Sternly and silently those ragged, half-starved swarms of men, moved onward through the thoroughfares; but the fire in their eyes showed that they were determined to defend their freedom or perish, " On the 25th of June another great council of war was held. In it were assembled nearly all that was eminent in the Confederate army. There stood like a rock General 202 HISTOET OF THE PENNSYLVAOTA RESERVES. Lee, gazing clieprfully over tlie countenances of Ms com- rades, for each of whom h^ had a part already assigned. Thoughtfully his eyes wandered from one to the other, as though he wished to stamp the features of each upon his memory, with the feeling that he, perhaps, should never behold many of them again. Close beside him towered the knightly form of General Baldwin ; at his left leaned pas- sively Stonewall Jackson, the idol of his troops, impatiently swinging his sabre to and fro, as though the quiet room were too narrow for him, and he were longing to be once more at the head of his columns. A little aside quietly stood the two Hills, arm in arm, while in front of them old General Wise was energetically speaking. Further to the right stood Generals Huger, Longstreet, Branch, Anderson, Whiting, Ripley and Magruder, in a group. When all these generals had assembled. General Lee laid his plans before them, and in a few stirring words pointed out to each his allotted task. The scheme had already been elaborated. It was compact, concentrated action, and the result could not fail to be brilliant. " When the conference terminated, all shook hands and hastened away to their respective army corps, to enter upon immediate activity." . On the 24th of June, General McClellan learned from a deserter from the rebel army, that General Jackson's corps had been reinforced at Gordonsville, and that it was "moving towards Frederickshall, along the Virginia Cen- tral railroad, for the purpose of attacking the army in the rear, on the 28th." On the 25th of June, the bridges and intrenchments having at last been completed, General McClellan advanced his picket line on the left, preparatory to a general forward movement. Immediately in front of the most advanced redoubt, on the Williamsburg road, was a large open field; beyond that, a swampy belt of timber, some five hundred yards wide, •which had been disputed ground for many days. Further 204 HISTORY OF THE PENNSTLVANIA EESEKVE3. CHckahominy, wliicli would enable him. to concentrate the whole army on either bank of the river. If the challenge was not accepted, he would, at least, have advanced his lines towards Eichmond, and by daily renewing the move- ment, would soon concentrate his whole army south of the Chickahominy, and thus bring the enemy to battle. With this determination, the advance was ordered on the 25th. At five o'clock in the evening, General McClellan tele- graphed from the field to Secretary Stanton : " The affair is over, and we have gained our point fully, and with but little loss, notwithstanding the strong opposi- tion. Our men have done all that could be desired. The affair was partially decided by two guns that Captain De Russey brought gallantly into action under very difficult circumstances. The enemy was driven from the camps in front of this place, and is now quiet." But when he returned to his headquarters, and heard that both Jackson and Beauregard had joined their forces to Lee's army, he feared the consequences of a battle, and at a quarter past six o'clock, on the same evening, telegraphed to the President : "I am inclined to think that Jackson will attack my right and rear. The rebel force is stated at two hundred thousand, including Jackson and Beauregard. I shall have to contend against vastly superior odds, if these reports be true. But this army will do all in the power of men to hold their position and repulse any attack. " I regret my great inferiority in numbers, but feel that I ' am in no way responsible for it, as I have not failed to represent repeatedly the necessity of reinforcements, that this was the decisive point, and that all the available means of the government should be concentrated here. I will do all that a general can do with the spleddid army I have the honor to command, and, if it is destroyed by overwhelming numbers, can at least die with it and share its fate. But if the result of the action, which will probably occur to-mor- row, or within a short time, is a disaster, the responsibility MECHAKICSVILLE. 205 cannot be tkrown on my shoulders ; it must rest wliere it belongs." Subordinate oflBcers partook of tbe spirit of their com- mander ; everything in the left wing of the army began to wear the appearance of despondency. Eumors of the great incres.se of the Confederate army were circulated among the troops, and at headquarters the very atmosphere seemed to betray the absence of that vigor which is given by hope and distinctness of plan. On the right, at MechanicsviUe, McCall's division labored hourly, strengthening its position. These troops had but recently arrived on the Peninsula. The men were yet full of energy and hope, and the officers were confident of suc- cess. The spires of the rebel capital were in sight of their camps, and the Eeserves believed that they awaited only the orders to move, and that when these were received, they could march triumphantly to Eichmond. Up to the even- ing of the 25th of June, the troops were buoyant in spirit. On the left, the divisions rejoiced in the success of the day, and confidently looked for still more brilliant achievements on the morrow. On the right, across the Chickahominy. lay General Fitz John Porter's corps, including the Pennsylvania Eeserves, the division of Eegulars commanded by General Sykes, and Morrell's division — all eager for battle and confident of the result. But, at headquarters, orders were issued to General "Oasey to prepare for vigorous resistance at the White House, and to erect defensive works at Tunstall's-station. Trains of supplies on the railroad were reversed and sent back to the Pamunkey ; transportation was ordered to move back towards Bottom's bridge, and the quartermasters were directed to mpve their supplies and ammimition up the James river. The change of base had been determined upon, and the orders for its execution issued. Thursday, the 26th, came on so stUl and motion- less that, along the entire front of the hostile armies, nature seemed loth to rouse from her dreamy slumbers. No enemy stirred in front of the left wing, and the dread quiet that 206 HISTORY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA EESEEVES. precedes the storm hung over the armies on the banks of the Chickahominy. General McCall had completed the defences on the line of Beaver Dam creek ; the general had full confidence in his troops, and the men believed their fortifications could not be carried by any force the enemy might send against them. In front of the line of rifle-pits the ground descended for a distance, varying from seventy-five to one hundred and fifty feet, to the creek, which was difficult to ford and, wholly impracticable for artillery ; beyond the creek there was a swamp that could not be passed by horses or artillery, and formed a serious obstruction to infantry. Two roads led from Mechanicsville through this swamp, one crossing Beaver Dam creek at EUerson's mill near the Chicka- hominy, and the other, crossing one mile further up the stream, led to Coal Harbor. The left of McCall's line rested on the Chickahominy, and the right extended to a dense woods and swamp, north of the upper road. On the morning of the 26th, Colonel Simmons, with the Fifth regi- ment, and the Bucktails, commanded by Major Eoy Stone, were guarding the Mechanicsville and Meadow bridges, and picketing the river to a point beyond Meadow bridge. Four companies of the First regiment, under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel McTntyre, were sent forward to Mechan- icsville on fatigue duty. At twelve o'clock, the Second regiment, commanded by Colonel McCandless, was ordered forward to Mechanicsville. Colonel Farnsworth, command- ing the Eighth Illinois cavalry, formed the left wing of the cavalry corps, which held a line of pickets from Hanover -Court House to the Chickahominy, above Atley's station. On the left and rear of the two brigades commanded by General Eeynolds and General Seymour, was General Meade's brigade, in reserve. These, with MorreU's and Sykes' divisions, numbering in all, about twenty-seven thousand men, constituted the right wing of the Army of the Potomac, and were strongly posted on the left bank of the Chickahominy, from Beaver Dam creek to a point MECHANICSVILLE. 207 below New bridge. The centre, consisting of Smith's, Sedgwick's, and Richardson's divisions stretched in line of battle ■ from Gonlden's, on the right bank of the river, to a point south of the York river and Richmond railroad. The left wing, consisting of Hooker's, Kearney's, and Couch's divisions, extended from Richardson's left, to a point beyond the Williamsburg stage road, to the borders of White Oak swamp. The whole line was protected by a skillfully designed system of earthworks. From this position the left wing was pushed forward a short distance, on Wednes- day, the 25th of June. At three o'clock on Thursday morning, the 26th of June, the rebel General Jackson commenced his march from Ash- land, and moved down the roads between the Pamunkey and the Chickahominy rivers. Driving the cavalry outposts back towards Atley's station, he uncovered. General Branch's front, who immediately crossed the river on the Brook turnpike bridge, and wheeling to the right, moved doAvn the Chickahominy, driving the Eighth Illinois cav- alry before him, towards Meadow bridge. At one o'clock in the afternoon. Major Roy Stone, commanding the Buck- tail regiment, received orders to march his reserve force, consisting of three companies, to the assistance of the cavalry that was slowly falling back in the face of the enemy. Major Stone moved forward promptly ; he posted Captain Wistar's company at the junction of the three roads leading to Meadow bridge, Crenshaw's bridge and Atley's station ; Captain Irvin's company was formed across Cren- shaw's road, about three hundred yards in front of the iunction, and Captain Jewett's company was thrown for- ward toward Atley's station, to act as skirmishers for the cavalry, beyond the road leading to Shady Grove Church. Colonel Farnsworth supposed the enemy's force consisted of a battalion of infantry and a squadron of cavalry. Cap- tain Jewett, however, had scarcely deployed his company, when the enemy's infantry appeared in his front in heavy force. The Bucktails opened fire at short range, and with 208 HISTORY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA BESEBTES. sucli good effect, that tlie enemy halted in confusion. At the moment Captain Jewett's company became engaged with the enemy, Major Stone was informed that his three companies, left to guard Meadow bridge, had been ordered by Colonel Simmons to fall back, and that the enemy was crossing the bridge and moving to gain his rear. Major Stone immediately ordered Captain Jewett to fall back rapidly towards the junction of the roads. When the major arrived at the junction, he found Captain Wistar already sharply engaged with the enemy advancing from Meadow bridge. He made a stubborn resistance, endeavoring to hold the enemy in check until Captain Jewett should join him ; the enemy, however, gathered rapidly in great force in his front, cut off his line of retreat on Mechanicsville, and forced him to fall back on a road that led northward through the swamp ; he retired slowly, fightiag over every step of the ground, still hoping to hear from Captain Jewett. Finding that Jewett's company was now cut off, and in danger of being surrounded, Major Stone galloped back and led the company to the left, through the swamp, and, by great efforts, succeeded in bringing it safely to the intrenchments on Beaver Dam creek. Captain Irving, who had been ordered to guard the Crenshaw road, was advised to fall back to a safer place by the same messenger who informed Major Stone of the enemy's flank movement, but like a true soldier, he declined to leave his position without orders from his commanding oiScer. Orders were sent, but arrived too late. All the avenues of escape were ialready held by the enemy, and the woods were swarming with rebel troops. The men hid away in the swamp, where they remained, surrounded by the enemy, until the following Monday, when, finding no relief, and suffering from hunger, they buried their rifles, and came out and delivered them- selves up to the enemy. The companies that had been on picket, fell back with the Fifth regiment, and joined the other companies in the intrenchments. In the meantime, General McCall had sent forward MEOHANICSVILLE. 209 General Eeynolds, witli a portion of the First brigade, to form an advance line of battle at Mecbanicsville. The check given to the advance of the enemy by the sharp firing of Major Stone's riflemen, enabled General Reynolds to form his line with the Fifth regiment and the companies of the First and Bucktail regiments, and to bring up the Second regiment to their support. Colonel McCandless was sent forward with the Second, on the road towards Shady Grove Church, with orders to hold the enemy in check, and to fall back gradually on Mechanicsville. At about half-past two o'clock, General Reynolds slowly with- drew his brigade behind Beaver Dam creek, and occupied his intrenchments. The line of battle was formed in the following order, from right to left : on the extreme right were seven companies of the Second regiment, Lieutenant- Colonel McCandless ; then six companies of the First rifles. Major Stone; the Fifth ■ regiment. Colonel Simmons; the First regiment. Colonel Roberts; the Eighth regiment, Colonel Hays; the Tenth regiment. Colonel Kirk; the Ninth regiment, Colonel Jackson, and the Twelfth regi- ment, Colonel Taggart, which occupied the extreme left ; Meade's brigade, held in reserve, consisted of the Third regiment, Colonel Sickles; the Folirth regiment, Colonel Magilton, and the Seventh regiment. Colonel Harvey. Easton's battery of four twelve-pounder Napoleon guns, and Kern's battery of six twelve-pounder howitzers, were also held in reserve. The Sixth regiment, Lieutenant- Colonel McKean, was at Tunstall's railroad station; the Eleventh, Colonel Gallagher, was on picket on the Chickahominy. Cooper's battery of six ten-pounder Parrott guns was placed north of the upper road, with the right of Reynolds' brigade; Smead's United States regular battery of four twelve-pounder Napoleon guns was placed south of the same road. Both these batteries completely commanded the road across the 6reek and through the swamp. De Harts' regular battery of six twelve-pounder Napoleon guns was stationed near the centre of the line and commanded a 14 210 HISTORY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA EESEBVES. more distant section of the same road, and also tlie direct road leading from Mechanicsville, to Bllerson's mill. General Eeynolds formed the line of the First brigade post- ing the Second regiment, commanded by Lieutenant- Colonel McCandless, on the extreme right, in a dense woods in front of a ford across Beaver Dam creek ; two companies were sent forward under Major "Woodward with orders to hold the ford; one company was posted in a dry swamp joining the right of the BucktaU regiment, the remaining companies extended through the woods between these two points, and on the right of Cooper's battery, which occupied a commanding hiU. The Bucktail regiment, commanded by Major Stone, and two companies of United States sharpshooters. Captain Drew and Captain Giroux, held the rifle pits in front of Cooper's battery, and commanded the crossings at the Coal Harbor road. Colonel Simmons formed the Fifth regiment in the cover of a belt of woods on the left of the road, join- ing the Bucktails ; one company was placed in the rifle pits, and Lieutenant- Colonel Fisher in command of a heavy skirmish line was thrown forward to receive the enemy advancing through the swamp. The four companies of the First regiment, which had been sent to Mechanicsville in the morning retired slowly, skirmishing with the enemy on the Ellerson mill road. Colonel Eoberts, by order of General Seymour, deployed the remaining companies of his regiment to support De Hart's battery. When Lieutenant Mclntire came in fol- lowed by the enemy, he joined the regiment, and immedi- ately General Eeynolds ordered Colonel Eoberts to move his regiment to a woods on the Mechanicsville road, to support Cooper's battery in its terrible struggle against the large forces of the enemy attacking it by terrible assaults. As soon as the bridges across the Chickahominy had been uncovered by the withdrawal of Eeynolds' brigade, the enemy rushed over in great force, and at three o'clock, two " powerful divisions' of Lee's army, each of which out- numbered the Eeserves, were in front of McCall's line of MECHANICSVILLB. 211 intrencliinents. A tbird division, commanded by General Branch, was moving against his riglit flank, and Jackson's corps of thirty thousand men, far to the right and rear, was sweeping dowu the south bank of the Pamunkey. The enemy in McCall's front consisted of the divisions of the rebel Generals A. P. Hill and D. H. Hill. The skirmishers came forward rapidly and boldly. McCall's artillery sud- denly burst upon the advancing column with a deafening roar, and with terrible effect. The enemy replied vigorously, but tprovoked at the superiority of the national artillery, and suffering severely from the terrific shower of shells, the rebel general determined to close in on the Eeserves at short range. General Lee had arrived on the field, and ordered the divisions to form and charge the batteries. The line was formed of the trustiest troops; every thing was now ready ; the enemy's artillery was plied to its utmost power ; the conmaand was given, and from the woods, out from the swamps, down the roads, along the entire front, with shriek and yeU, flashiug fire, thunder, and curbng smoke, forward they came. Now was the instant of terrible trial. The Pennsylvania Eeserves against thrice their number ; - General McCaU with Eeynolds, Meade and Sey- mour, against General Lee, the two Hills, Pender and Eipley. On came the rebel hosts. McCall galloped along his entire line, and found every man in position confident of victory. The artillery, from Cooper's right to De Hart's left, poured, with the full strength of its destructive power, showers of shell and spherical case upon the enemy's front, tearing great gaps through his ranks, which were immediately closed ; the desperate foe pressed steadily forward until within less than one hundred yards of the rifle pits, when a sheet of consuming flame flashed along the entire line from right to left, and the roar of musketry vied with the thunder of artillery; the carnage in the enemy's ranks was awful; the charging column reeled beneath the murderous fire, and like a wounded monster hurled itself back from the line of the creek, and took shelter in the swamp. In the midst of the terrible 212 HISTORY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA EESERVES. charge, General McCall, finding the heaviest colnmn pushing against his right, advanced from the reserve Kerns' battery, supported by Colonel Sickles' regiment. The enemy soon rallied, and pushing forward heavy columns of fresh troops assaulted again and again the line of the Eeserves. On the right a Georgia and Louisiana regiment, braying the terrific fire of artillery and musketry, charged through the STramp, ■wading the creek in water breast deep, and gained the firm ground in front of the right wing. Colonel McCandless at the head of the Second regiment rushed forward to meet the enemy; the contest for a short time was a desperate hand to hand encounter, the hostile banners almost touching each other. Eeinforcements were hurried to the right, McCall sent in his reserve, and General Porter sent forward Grifiin's brigade to protect McCall's right flank, but before aid arrived General Eeynolds had with his own brigade whipped the enemy in his front and repelled his last charge with fearful slaughter. Failing on the right to overcome the Second, the Buck- tails, the Fifth and the First regiments, the undaunted foe hurled his columns with furious desperation against the left. The wily rebel, however, found more than an equal in the commander of the Eeserves. General McCall had already sent Baston's battery, supported by the Fourth regi- ment, Colonel Magilton to General Seymour to strengthen the force at Ellerson's mill, and as . soon as the enemy was seen advancing against that point, the Seventh regiment, commanded by Colonel Harvey, was ordered to the extreme, left of the Third brigade to protect the left flank, in case the enemy should attempt to cross the creek below the mill. General Seymour had ordered Colonel Hays, commanding the Eighth regiment, to hold the rifle pits in front of Easton's battery. Six companies were posted in the rifle pits, and four were sent forward across the meadow, along the creek, as skirmishers to receive the enemy. Colonel Kirk of the Tenth regiment directed Major Smith to occupy the rifle pits in front of De Hart's battery with four companies; one MECHANICSVILLE. 213 company was sent to support Baston's battery, and five companies, in command of Lieutenant-Colonel "Warner, were thrown forward as skirmishers into the border of the swamp. Colonel Taggart ordered eight companies of the Twelfth regiment to occupy the rifle pits on both sides of the road at Ellerson's mill ; two companies were sent forward to hold the rifle pits near the mill in advance of the right of the • line, and commanding the road beyond the meadow. In rear of the rifle pits was placed a section of Cooper's bat- tery, commanded by Lieutenant FuUerton ; the Ninth regi- ment. Colonel Jackson, supported the Twelfth. Between four and five o'clock in the afternoon. General Lee launched a heavy column down the BUerson mill road against Seymour's brigade, and maintained a furious attack until night, repeatedly attacking in the most terrific charges. But the same steadiness that had met the assaults on the right, repulsed with murderous slaughter the assailants on the left. The companies thrown forward as skirmishers made the most obstinate resistance, as they slowly retired to their intrenchments; and the companies in the rifle pits, after discharging every cartridge in their boxes and pockets, were, with the coolness of veterans, relieved by their supports. The battle raged without cessation from three o'clock in the afternoon until nine at night; rolling repeatedly. in heavy columns and desperate charges from right to left. Lee knew that' the success of his great stragetic scheme of outflanking McClellan's army, required the dislodgement of McCall's division from Beaver Dam creek. He therefore spared no sacrifice, employed his whole disposable force in the most desperate efforts, and failed. Two veteran divisions of his army had been repulsed with such terrible slaughter, that they could not renew the attack. A third division, com- manded by General Branch, was repeatedly sent for but did not arrive until the battle was over. If it had arrived. in time, it too would have left dead in the swamps hundreds of its bravest men : for near the close of the battle, fresh troops arrived to relieve the Eeserves. But McCall's men 214 HISTOET OF THE PENNSTLTANIA EESEKVES. refused to be relieved ; they replenished their ammunition and slept on the field, expecting to encounter the foe in the morning. In this battle, -which is known as the "Battle of Mechan- icsville," McCall's division lost thirty-eight killed, one hun- dred and seventy-two wounded, and two hundred and eleven missing. No report has been published of the enemy's loss. All night long the wails and groans of the wounded rose from the swamp in front of the Eeserves ; piteous cries for help, the moans of the dying, prayers, curses, and execra- tions, filled the air from the hour the battle ceased until, on the following morning, the roar of artillery smothered the cries of agony. General McCall made the following report of the Battle of MechanicsviUe, to General P. J. Porter, commanding the Pifth corps : Captain T. F. Locee, Assistant Adjutant-General. Sib : — I have the honor to submit herewith a report of the operations of my division in the Battle of MechanicsviUe. On the afternoon of the nineteenth of June I received through you the orders of General McClellan to move forward with the " greater part " of my division to MechanicsviUe, and relieve Taylor's brigade, (of Franklin's corps,) then the extreme right of the army of the Potomac. In accordance with this order I advanced the First and Third brigades, commanded respectively by Brigadier- Generals John F. Reynolds and T. Seymour, to Beaver Dam creek, this side of MechanicsviUe, and occupied a strong position on its left bank, near its junction with the Chickahominy. From this position I ordered one regiment of infantry and a battery to be thrown forward to the heights in front of the village to relieve Taylor, and a strong line of pickets to be established as far forward as Meadow bridge. I held in reserve the Second brigade (Meade's) in front of Gaines' farm, ready to act either in support of the First and Third brigades, or to oppose the crossing at New bridge, should it be attempted. The position selected on Beaver Dam creek was naturally a strong one, the left resting on the ChickahcHniny, and the right extending to dense woods, (beyond the upper MechanicsviUe road,) which were occupied. The passage of the creek was difficult throughout the greater part of my front, and, with the exception of the roads crossing at Eller- son''s mill, near my left, and that near my right, above mentioned. MECHANICSVILLE. 215 impracticable for artillery. Qn the right of the last-named road an epaulement calculated for four pieces of field artillery was thrown up, and rifle-pits for a reginjent each were constructed in front of each brigade. Cooper's battery, of six ten-pounder Parrott guns, on the right of the upper road, (four of them behind the epaulement,) and Smead's (regular) battery of four twelve-pounder Napoleon guns on the left of the road, commanded that approach. De Hart's (regular) battery of six twelve-pounder Napoleon guns was stationed near the front centre, commanding a more distant view of the same road, and also the lower road direct to the village by EUerson's mill. Easton's and Kern's batteries were with the Second brigade In reserve. In this position I awaited any movement the enemy might initiate. Cobb's Legion, of the confederate army, was encamped within view, on the opposite side of the Chickahominy, and A. P. Hill's division on his right, and about a quarter of a mile in the rear ; detachments from both of which held two redoubts and an extensive line of rifle-pits along the crest of the highlands overlooking the river. At about noon of the twenty-sixth, the enemy was discovered to be in motion, and at half-past twelve my pickets at Meadow bridge were driven in, whereupon those along the road were ordered to fall back. Not long afterward, when the head of his column appeared in front of Mechanicsville, the infantry and artillery there were withdrawn. In the meantime Meade's brigade had been ordered forward, and directed to occupy ground in rear of the line, where they would be out of range of musketry, and at practicable distance for the support of any part of the field. My line of battle was formed in the following order, from right to left : On the extreme right were seven companies of the Second regi- ment, Lieutenant-Colonel McCandless ; then six companies of the First Bifles, Major Stone ; the Fifth regiment. Colonel Simmons ; the First regiment. Colonel Roberts; the Eighth regiment. Colonel Hays; the Tenth regiment, Colonel Kirk ; the Ninth regiment. Colonel Jackson, and the Twelfth regiment, Colonel Taggart, which occupied the extreme left. Meade's brigade, in reserve, consisted of the Third regiment. Colonel Sickel ; the Fourth regiment. Colonel Magilton ; and the Seventh regi- ment. Colonel Harvey. Easton's battery of four twelve-pounder Nap^- leon guns, and Kem's battery of six twelve-pounder howitzers, were also held in reserve. I should here mention that the Sixth regiment, Lieu- tenant-Colonel McKean, having been detached some days before, was at Tunstall's railroad station, while the Eleventh regiment. Colonel Gallagher, was on picket on the Chickahominy. These two regiments were consequently thrown out of the engagement, except that the Elev- enth was brought forward on the morning of the twenty-seventh, and was under fire (losing one man) for a short time before being with drawn. The Fourth regiment Pennsylvania cavalry. Colonel Childs, attached to the Peimsylvania reserves, was under arms and in readiness 216 HISTORY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA RESERVES. for any service that might be required of it, hut was not caUed into action. . , . At about three o'clock P. M. the enemy'? lines were formed m my front, and their skirmishers were rapidly advanced, delivermg their fire as they came forward. They were speedily driven back by a dis- charge of artillery and a rattling reply of musketry. At this moment I rode along the front of several regiments, and I remarked in the cheerM and animated countenances of the men the promise of that brilliant success which they so nobly achieved in the sequel. In a short time the enemy, who was commanded by General Robert E. Lee in person, boldly advanced in force under cover of a heavy artil- lery fire, and attacked my position from right to left. It was not long, however, before I was satisfied that his main attack was directed upon my right, and in consequence I ordered Kern's battery thither, and supported it by advancing from the reserve the Third regiment, Colonel Sickel. Here for a long time the battle raged with great fury. The Georgians now rushed headlong against the Second regiment, but only to be mowed down by those gallant fellows, whose commander soon sent to the rear some seven or eight prisoners taken in the rencontre. After this the enemy retired for a time from the close contest on the right, but along the line from the right centre to the extreme left kept up a heavy general discharge of artillery and small arms, which, with the rapid reply of the Reserves, was at times multiplied to an unbroken roar of thunder. Somewhat later in the day, a heavy column was launched down the road to Ellerson's mill, where another most deter- mined attack in force was made. I had already sent Easton's battery to General Seymour, commanding the left wing, and I now despatched the Seventh regiment. Colonel Harvey, to the extreme left, apprehend- ing that the enemy might attempt to turn that flank, by crossing the creek below the miU. Here again the Reserves maintained their posi- tion, and sustained thsir character for steadiness in fine style, never re- tiring one foot during a severe struggle with some of the very best troops of the enemy, fighting under the direction of their most distin- guished general. For hour after hour the battle was hotly contested, and the rapid fire of our artilleiy, dealuig death to an awftil extent, was unintermitted, while the greatly superior force of the enemy enabled him to precipitate column after column of fresh troops upon my nearly exhausted lines. About sunset QrifiBn's brigade, of Morrell's division, arrived on the ground, together with Edward's battery, I requested the gallant Gene- ral to move his brigade to the extreme right, that being the weakest point of my position. Some timo elapsed before these troops reached the ground indicated, and as the evening was now far advanced, only a portion of his force could be brought into action. A short time, how- ever, before the close of the engagement, the Fourth Michigan, Colonel Woodbury, relieved the Fifth' Reserves, whose ammuoition was ex- MECHANICSVILLE. 217 hausted, and two companies of tlie Fourteenth New York joined the First Rifles and the detachment of the Berdan Sharpshooters. Ed- wai'd's battery had been left by Griffin in reserve, and late in the even- ing I turned it over to General Seymour to be put in position on the left. About nine o'clock P. M. this well-contested action terminated by the withdrawal of the enemy with very heavy loss. My attention was now directed to the cleaning of the arms and the issuing of ammunition, to be in readiness for the resumption of the combat in the morning. This consumed our time till one o'clock A. M. of the twenty-seventh. The troops had but little time for rest, as before daybreak I received through you, General McGlellan's order to withdraw my division and fall back to the rear of Gaines' mills. This order, I confess, gave me some concern. Had it reached me at midnight, the movement might have been accomplished without diffi- culty and without loss ; but now it would be daylight before the move- ment, which, under fire, is one of the most delicate and difficult in war, particularly in presence of a greatly superior force, could be commenced. I, nevertheless, went to work without a moment's delay. Meade's brigade was the first to be withdrawn, but before this was accomplished the enemy opened fire upon us. His fire was promptly returned, and soon became general along the line. Under these circumstances great caution and deliberation became necessary to screen the - movement, and consequently the troops had to be withdrawn slowly and at inter- vals. Meade's brigade, however, retired in excellent order. Griffin's brigade and battery I then ordered to withdraw ; this was done cooly and successfully. Reynold's brigade followed, during which movement a scattering fire was kept up, and this was continued until all the artil- lery was brought out of action, Lastly, Seymour's brigade was brought out. In fine, our killed had been buried, our wounded had been sent off by seven o'clQck A. M., on the twenty-seventh, and not a man, nor a gun, nor a musket was left upon the field. The regiments filed past as steadily as if marching from the parade-ground ; and it must have been some time before the enemy were aware that we were gone, as no attempt was made to follow us immedia,tely. My loss in this battle, as near as I have been able to ascertain, was thirty -three killed, and one hundred and fifty wounded. The loss of the enemy was heavy beyond precedent in this war, in proportion to the numbers engaged. The strength of my division on the field did not exceed seven thousand, including officers ; that of the enemy was somewhere near twenty thousand. Hill's division alone was officially reported in the Richmond papers at fourteen thousand in this battle, and was admitted to have been reduced by casualties, after battle of New-Market Cross-Road^, to eight thousand. I learned frord official authority, while a prisoner in Richmond, that General Lee's loss in killed and wounded at Mechanicsville did not fall short of two thou- sand. In the official returns pubUshed, it was admitted that the First 218 HISTOBT OF THE PENNSYLVANIA EESERVES. North Carolina lost nearly one-half its effectiye force, and the Forty- fourth Georgia nearly two-thirds. "Stonewall" Jackson's artillery was in the battle with himself personally, although his infantry was several miles to the right of my position. Where all so gallantly supported the honor of the flag, it would appear invidious to particularize, but my thanks are particularly due to Gene- 1 rals Reynolds, Meade and Seymour ; to Colonels Simmons andtfaggart ; to Lieutenant-Colonel McCandless and Major Stone, all of the Reserves, and who were all zealous and active, as well as gallant, in the discharge of their arduous duties throughout this well-fought action. The officers of artillery especially distinguished themselves, !fiaston, De Hart, Smead, Cooper and Kerns. General Meade is entitled to credit for his prompt- ness and zeal in carrying out all instructions conveyed to him, though not directly engaged. It is with much pleasure I acknowledge my obligation to Brigadier-General Griffin, who promptly brought his fine brigade to my support at a time when it was supposed to be needed. Also to General MorreU, who brought his division within supporting distance, and was ready to act had aid been required. My personal etas'. Captain H. J. Biddle, Assistant Adjutant-General, and Lieutenants Scheetz and "Meconkey, Aids-de-cainp, as well as Lieutenant Beatty, Acting Ordinance Officer, deserve special notice for their gallantry in carrying orders, and for the other duties incident to their offices. General Porter made the following report to General McClellan. Beiqadibr- General S. "Williams, Assistant Adjutant-General. General : — I have to report that, in accordance with the general Instructions communicated to me at the time when the operations of the right wing of this army were confided to my care, by the Major- General commanding, the extreme flanking force was disposed with a view to the observations of the bridges crossing the Chickahominy at Meadow bridge, and Mechanicsville, and the line through Hanover to the Pamunkey. There were outposts placed at these bridges them- selves, the supporting forces being strongly posted on the east side of the Meadow or Beaver creek, which runs through a ravine, and joins the Chickahominy about a mile east of Mechanicsvilje. This support- ing force consisted of two brigades of the Pennsylvania Reserve under the command of Brigadier-General John P. Reynolds ; the remainder Meade's brigade of McCall's division, of which these brigades formed a part, was held in reserve with Morrell's and Sykes' division on Gains' farm. The position is naturally a strong one. To increase its defensi- bility, earthworks were erected, under the supervision of General Reynolds, and masked from the view of the enemy. MECHANICSVILLE. 219 On Thursday, the 26th of June, the enemy commenced crossing the bridges already named. In accordance with directions previously given, the outposts observing the access to the crossing fell back after slight resistance, to the already selected line of battle, on the eastern crest of Meadow creek, destroying the bridges as they retired. Meade's brigade was immediately advanced to the suppdrt of Reynolds, together with Martindale' s and GriflEln's brigades of Morrell's division. General McCaU at an early hotir joined his command in front. The road parallel to the Chickahominy intersected the line of troops above described near its left. The road from Mechanicsville turns just before reaching Meadow creek valley, and runs nearly parallel to it, thus presenting the flank of an approaching enemy to the fire of troops disputing the passage. Down this road and into the ravine came the enemy's column in good order and great force. Our troops were con- cealed by earthworks, flanking this road on the lower side of the ravine. The men cooly reserved their fire until the head of the enemy's column was nearly across, then opened a terribly destructive volley in the face, and flank of the advancing foe. The survivors turned and fled in con- sternation, and no second attempt was made in force to cross the road. The enemy then deployed and took position on the opposite side ef the ravine, placing artillery in such positions as they could select, and from that time until after dark employed their time mainly in persistent efibrts to drive us from our position by near fire of musketry and artil- lery, efibrts which I cannot but think were attended with double the loss to them that we suflered. The firing ceased about nine o'clock in the evening, and the men lay on their arms in ranks, as they had stood during the day, while exertions were being made by their oflSlcers to refill their exhausted cartridge boxes, and to bring food to such men as had none in their haversacks, and by the Medical department to care for and remove to the rear the wounded, happily not very numerous on our side. All was made ready for a renewal of the contest on the old ground, or in advance toward Richmond, tia the bridges which the enemy had crossed should our success warrant it. During the night, however, as the Commanding General (who had joined me at an early hour in the afternoon, and remained until about ten o'clock at night,) is aware, numerous and unvarying accounts came in from bar outposts, and scouts toward the Pamunkey, which tended to corroborate the pre- viously received intelligence Of the advance of the whole of Jackson's force from the direction of Gordonsville, whereby our right was to be eifectually flanked without at all weakening the force in the immediate front of the army. As it was thus rendered necessary to select which side of the Chicka- hominy should be held in force, there being on each side an army of our enemies equal in connection vrith their breastworks to the whole of our own, and these two armies and defences well connected with each other, and with Richmond their base. But for the conception of the 220 HISTORY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA BESEBVES. idea of a flank movement, changing our base by the left flank to the James river, our position would have left but one alternative, a hasty abandonment of our attack on Richmond, and a retirement by the way we had advanced. The former plan, however, (now bo happily accom- plished,) which was made safe by its very boldness, necessitated the gradual withdrawal of our right. The Commanding General, however,- left me with the intention of deciding on information he should receive at his own head-quarters. I should remain where I was and hold Beaver creek, or retire to a position selected by General Barnard near Gaines' mills. General Barnard remained with me to conduct ray com- mand to the new position, if decided upon to withdraw from Mechanics- ville. Immediately after pointing out to me the new ground, General Barnard left me to represent the state of affairs to the Major-General Commanding, and the necessity for additional troops, and also to send me axes that the proper defences might in some degree be prepared. . In accordance with the orders of the Major-General Commanding, re- ceived about two o'clock in the morning of the 37th, for this end the retirement from MechanicsviUe was began, at daylight of Friday the 27th of June. The brigade of General Seymour was the last to start, and that force under its gallant and skillful commander, most cooly retired covering the march of the other troops occupying the attention of the foe so perfectly, that ample time was allowed for all horses, foot artillery, wagons and wounded, to reach their designated posts in the line, where a new stand was to be made before crossing the Chicka- hominy. The guns in position were safely removed from the works we were about to abandon, (works overlooking New bridge) and during the action of the same afternoon, did us good auxiliary service by the fire from Smith's position beyond the Chickahominy. On the open plain near those works were posted Tidball's and Robinson's horse batteries, which carefully watched the road and secured the retiring troops from the enemy, now pressing upon Seymour's brave band. All finally got securely back within the lines selected for the next stand near the upper bridges in use by our forces. General Stoneman during the period above described, was in command of the force which was detailed to guard the region reaching from Meadow bridge to the- Pamunkey. To his cavalry force was added the Seven- teenth New York and Eighteenth Massachusetts regiments. By the movenients of the enemy this command became cut-off from its connec- tions with the remainder of my corps, and was therefore ordered to White House to aid in securing the Government property at that point.. The troops have since safely rejoined me ma the York .and James rivers. The actions in which my corps was engaged, followed each other in such rapid succession after this auspicious opening, that it was not possible between each two to make a report of losses. Tlie sad list of good soldiers whose loss reduced my noble corps by so large a part MECHANICSVILLE. 221 of its numbers in so short a space of time, must be made up in one report bearing date after the last of five battles fought by us in five suc- cessive days. I am, General, very respectfully. Tour obedient servant, F. J. PORTER, Brigadier-General Commanding. TlioTigli General McCall had severely repulsed tlie enemy in his front, and thup demonstrated his ability to hold his position against any force that could approach from the direction of Mechanicsville, it was evident that Jackson was movingj^with a force of thirty thousand troops, against the right flank and rear of the right wing of McClellan's army. General McClellan says, in*his report : "The position on Beaver Dam creek, although so success- fully defended, had its right flank too much in the air, and was too far from the main army, to make it available to retain it longer. I therefore determined to send the heavy guns at Hogan's and Gaines' houses over the Chickahominy during the night, with as many of the wagons of the Fifth corps as possible, and to withdraw the corps itself to a position stretching around the bridges, where its flanks would be reasonably secure, and it would be within sup- porting distance of the main army. General Porter carried out my orders to that effect. "It was not advisable at that time, even had it been practicable, to withdraw the Fifth corps to the right bank of the Chickahominy. Such a movement would have exposed the rear of the army, placed us within two fires, and enabled Jackson's fresh troops to interrupt the move- ment to the James river, by crossing the Chickahominy in the vicinity of Jones' bridge, before we could reach Mal- vern hill with our trains. I determined then to resist Jackson with the Fifth corps, reinforced by all our dispos- able troops in the new position near the bridge heads, in order to cover the withdrawal of the trains and heavy guns, and to give time for the arrangements to secure the adop- 222 HISTOET OF THK PENNSTLVANIA EESEBVE3. tion of the James river as our line of supplies in lieu of the Pamunkey. ' " The greater part of the heavy guns and wagons having been removed to the right hank of the Chickahominy, the delicate operation of withdrawing the troops from Beaver iDam creek was commenced shortly before daylight, and successfully executed. " Meade's and Grif&n's brigades were the first to leave the ground ; Seymour's brigade covered the rear with the horse batteries of Captains Eobertson and TidbaU ; but the with- drawal was so skillful and gradual, and the repulse of the preceding day so complete, that although the enemy fol- lowed the retreat closely, and some skirmishing occurred, he did not appear in front of the new line in force till about noon of the 27th, when we were prepared to receive him." The Eeserves reluctantly withdrew from the position they had so nobly defended. They had spent half the night in replenishing their ammunition and cleaning their guns preparatory to another fight. The order to retire reached them while still at work, and before they had been refreshed by . sleep. The preparations to withdraw con- sumed the remainder of the night, and at daylight the enemy opened fire from batteries that had been placed in front of Captain Cooper's battery, and in front of Seymour's brigade during the night. The attack was resisted with great spirit until nine o'clock in the morning, when the troops were withdrawn, fighting as they retired. This was a movement, the successful execution of which would have added distinction to the veteran guard of a veteran army. Yet, General McCaU, justly proud of his troops, says: " Our killed had been buried, our wounded had been sent off by seven o'clock in the forenoon, on the 27th, and not a man, nor a gun, nor a musket, was left upon the field. The regiments filed past as steadily as if marching from the parade ground." General McCall had for many years been an officer in the regular army, had seen much active service, and had risen GAINES' MILL. 223 to tte honorable position of inspector-general of tlie army of the United States ; he was therefore competent authority on the conduct and quality of troops. In their first great battle then, the Reserves won laurels that would have done honor to professional soldiers of any army in the world. The troops retired behind the new liae formed at Gaines' Mill. It had been determined to hold McGall's division in reserve. The men had been under arms since Wednesday morning, had fought a severe battle, and passed a sleepless night of labor and watching, and had skirmished with the enemy from daylight till nine o'clock; it was therefore intended not to put them into action again in the afternoon, unless necessity demanded their service and sacrifice. The new position of the Fifth corps was an arc of a circle, covering the approaches to the bridges which con- nected the right wing with the troops on the opposite side of the river. Morrelli's division held the left of the line in a strip of woods on the east bank of the Gaines' Mill stream, resting its left flank on the descent to the Ohickahominy, which was swept by our artillery on both sides of the river, and ex- tending its right wing into an open ground towards New Coal Harbor. In this line General Butterfield's brigade held the extreme left. General Martindale's joined his right, and General Grif&n's, still further to the right, joined the left of General Sykes' division, which, partly in woods, and partly in open ground, extended in the rear of Coal Harbor. Each brigade had in reserve two regiments; McCall's division was formed in a second line in rear of the first. Meade's brigade was on the left near the Chickahominy ; Eeynolds' brigade formed on the right covering the ap- proaches to Coal Harbor and Despatch station, and Sey- mour's brigade was placed still farther in the rear as a reserve to the second line. On the morning of the 27th of June, during the with- drawal of his troops from Mechanicsville to the selected 224 HISTORY OF THE PEjSTNSTLYAlSriA RESERVES. position already mentioned, General Porter telegraphed to General McClellan as follows : " I hope to do without aid, though I request that Franklin, or some other command, be held ready to reinforce me. The enemy are so close that I expect to be hard pressed in front. I hope to have a portion in position to cover the retreat. This is a delicate movement, but relying on the good qualities of the commanders of divisions and brigades, I expect to get back and hold the new line." The troops were all in position by noon, with the artillery on the commanding ground, and in the intervals between the divisions and brigades. Besides the division batteries, there were Eobertson's and Tidball's horse batteries, from the artillery reserve; the latter posted on the right of Sykes' division, and the former on the extreme left of the line, in the valley of the Ghickahominy. Shortly a^er noon, the enemy were discovered approaching in force, and it soon became evident that the entire position was to be attacked. His skirmishers advanced rapidly, and soon the firing became heavy along the whole front. At twb o'clock, General Porter asked for reinforcements. Slocum's division of the Sixth corps was ordered to cross to the left bank of the river, by Alexander's bridge, and proceed to his sup- port. General Porter had sent much earlier for reinforcements, and also for axes, with which he had intended to fell trees, and form abatis to defend the left of his position, but neither order reached General McGlellan. Before four o'clock the engagement had become so severe, and the enemy were so greatly superior in numbers, that the entire second line and reserves had been moved forward to sustain the first line against repeated and desperate assaults along the whole front. General Porter had requested General McOall to move forward the Second and Third brigades to support the left centre of the first line, which was being hard pressed by the enemy. The battle now became a desperate struggle. Divisions GAINES' MILL. 225 ■were disjointed, brigades disorganized, regiments broken, and companies crusbed ; men fougbt side by side without reference to organization or commanders ; regimental colors ■were disregarded; columns of men formed under the banner of the Nation, and charged the enemy -wherever a commis- sioned officer led. Regiment after regiment of the Reserves ■were ordered up and sent into the thickest of the fight, ■wherever and ■whenever the line in front seemed hardest pressed. The Seventh regiment, commanded by Colonel Harvey, ■was sent to support General Martindale's troops then hurried away to the extreme left to reinforce Butter - field's brigade, struggling ■with all its force against the ad- vancing enemy, and as the tide of battle rolled towards the right, the Seventh was countermarched to Martindale's line, where it continued to support two regular batteries until night. The Third regiment, commanded by Colonel Sickel, was ordered to support Kern's battery, but soon the Fourth Michigan regiment, of Griffin's brigade, was attacked by an overwhelming force that threatened annihilation; Colonel Sickel moved hurriedly to the support of the regiment struggling heroically against superior numbers ; the shattered lines of the Michigan regiment shifted to the left, under a galling fire, and the Third stood face to face ■with the enemy in the border of a woods ; without mo^ving a foot backward or forward, the line stood like a wall against the surging sea. Regiment after regiment of rebel troops charged up to the woods and was hurled back in disorder. For two hours, until the last cartridge of fifty rounds per man, was fired into the enemy's ranks, this gallant regiment held its position. It was then relieved by the Eleventh Reserve f regiment, commanded by Colonel Gallagher, and a regiment of New Jersey troops. The Fourth regiment, commanded by Colonel Magilton, supported Duryea's Zouaves, and after driving the enemy from the woods the regiment moved up to support Colonel Sickel, whose regiment was engaged in a terrific contest. Before the Fourth could come up, the Third had repulsed thci enemy, and Colonel Magilton was 15 226 HISTOEY- OF THE PENNSYLVANIA RESERVES. ordered to the extreme left. Soon after going into action there, his regiment was overwhelmed, driven back and becoming detached, was forced to cross the Chickahominy to Smith's division to escape being captured. The Ninth regiment, Colonel Jackson, was ordered into a woods on the left to support the Ninth Massachusetts and the Sixty-second Pennsylvania regiments. In marching to their support. Colonel Jackson's regiment was compelled to march through a swampy ravine, and encounter a galling fire from a body of rebel infantry. With great difficulty the regiment passed the ravine and gained the woods occupied by the Ninth Massachusetts and the Sixty-second Pennsylvania, the Sixty-second regiment organized, drilled and commanded by that most gallant Pennsylvanian, Colonel Samuel W. Black, was one of the most powerful in the service. These three noble regiments of brave men were ordered to charge. Instantly the line was formed, gleaming with fixed bayon- etts ; forward they went, each gallant leader at the head of his trusty line ; forward into the clouds of smoke, the wall of fire, the showers of iron and lead; forward into the whirlpool of death; into the woods clashing against the obstinate foe, steel to steel ; onward they went to the field beyond ; too terrible the charge for foe to withstand ; the rebels flee in terror across the open field ; still the sohd Hne pursues them to the woods beyond. But alas ! in the heat of battle and the excitement of victory, these heroes of the charge transcend their orders, follow their fleeing foe too far, and are now charged upon in front and flank by fresh troops thrice and more their number. They are forced back across the open field, exposed to a terrible fire of infantry and artillery. Here many of the bravest went down; broken and intermingled, the regiments fell back into the first woods from which they had charged. Though broken in rank, undaunted in spirit the men reformed and three times charged the enemy, but were unable to dislodge him. The Sixty-second regiment suffered most severely. GAINES' MILL. 227 Colonel Black and many of Ms brave men were killed in tlie charge, and many more were wounded and made prisoners. Colonel Jackson reports that "the officers,- without exception, did their whole duty, and the men, under such trying circumstances, exhausted by hard fighting, hard marching, and extremely warm weather, behaved nobly." General McCall sent Colonel Kirk, with the Tenth regiment, to support two batteries in Sykes' division ; as soon as the fire of the enemy slackened in front of the batteries, the Tenth was ordered to a woods near the centre of the line, which position it held for two hours against desperate assaults, when its ammunition was exhausted and the whole line was driven back. General Eeynolds distributed the regiments of his brigade along the line, wherever the battle raged the fiercest. Colo- nel Koberts, with the First regiment, was sent to relieve Duryea's Zouaves, who were fighting the enemy against terrible odds on an open sandy plain. The field was covered with the dead and dying, their red uniforms, and the pools of blood on the sand adding to the ghastliness of the scene. Colonel Roberts formed his regiment a few paces to the rear, protected by the crest of a hill, and in that position met the charges of the enemy, hurling back during two hours every hostile regiment that appeared in his front. Company B was at one time without a commissioned officer to command it ; Colonel Eoberts ordered Lieutenant Joseph Stewart, of company H, to lead the company ; the young man smiled pleasingly as he looked his colonel in the face, and gave him a parting salute, and then ran at full speed along the regiment to the left of the line, placed himself at the head of the company, assumed command, and that instant fell dead, pierced through the head with a rebel bullet. The First regiment discharged into the enemy's lines its last round of ammunition, and being then relieved by other troops, marched to the rear. The Second regiment, commanded by Colonel McCand- 228 HISTORY OF THE PKNN-SYLVAjriA RE3EKVES. less, was sent into a swampy -woods, on the left of the First regiment. Several regiments had already been driven from the swamp ; the ground was strewn with the mangled bodies of the dead and wounded ; the waters of the swamp were red with gore; the trees, torn and riddled with shot and shell, were spattered with brain and blood, and the bursting shells filled the air with hideous noises and sulphurous vapors. Onward the regiment moved; over the dead and dying, through the blood, the vapor and smoke, until it faced the rebel line of fire and death. Here they struggled heroically for a short time, when discovering a large force of the enemy advancing against his left flank. Colonel McCandless ordered his regiment to deliver a left oblique volley into the enemy's front, and then fall back. The enemy pressing against the flank of the regiment in over- powering numbers, it was broken and forced from the woods. Baston's battery, which was on rising ground on the right of the regiment, trained its guns on the enemy's column, and raked it with such well delivered charges, that the column was broken and forced to retire under shelter of the woods. Colonel McCandless formed his regiment in the cut of a road and awaited the approach of the enemy. The Fifth regiment, commanded by Colonel Simmons, and the remnant of the Bucktails, Major Stone, were ordered to hold a position near the right of the line, in the rear of New Coal Harbor. Perhaps nowhere on the field did the battle rage with greater violence than in front of these regiments. The rebel infantry was sheltered by a dense woods, and the artillery was not more than five hundred yards in front of the Bucktails. Major Stone ordered his riflemen to direct their fire on the gunners. Twice they compelled the rebel battery to change position, and finally drove it from the field. Major Stone says, in his report: "The Fifth regi- ment, on my left, the conduct of which afforded a constant example of courage and discipline, answered the enemy's infantry with the most terrific fire." The men fired their guns until they became so hot. that they blistered their GAINES MILL. 229 hands when they touched the barrels. They exhausted their ammunition and determined to hold the field with the bayonet ; but Jackson's fresh troops, advancing on the Coal Harbor road, attacked the right wing of Porter's corps in the flank and rear, and forced it back to a new position. The Eighth regiment, commanded by Colonel Hays, was sent by General Eeynolds to support two regular batteries . that were engaging the enemy. An hour later. Colonel Warren, commanding a Massachusetts regiment, reported to General McCall that his command was becoming divided, and required immediate relief; the general ordered Colonel Hays to move his regiment to the relief of Colonel Warren. The enemy was in a woods, about a quarter of a mile iu front. The Eighth was immediately formed in line, and moved forward until within one hundred yards of the enemy, when it charged into the woods and, in a desperate encounter, drove the rebels from their position at the point of the bayonet. Colonel Warren, taking advantage of this brilliant movement, extricated his regiment from its embar- rassed situation, and resumed his position ; and the Eighth, having won the admiration of thousands of officers and men who witnessed the charge, returned to its position in the rear of the batteries and stacked arms. The Eleventh regiment^ Colonel Gallagher, that had gone, into the woods so bravely to the relief of the Third, side by side with Colonel Simpson's New Jersey regiment, fought the enemy for hours, repulsing every charge, but becoming enveloped in smoke, their gallant officers did not observe the retrograde of the right and left, and therefore remained fighting for victory, until, surrounded on every side, ammu- nition exhausted and retreat cut off, both regiments were compelled to surrender, in order to save the lives of their men. Only two companies of the Eleventh, that had been detailed in the morning to helve axes, escaped capture. The Twelfth regiment, commanded by Colonel Taggert, sup- ported Griffin's battery, and, though subjected to fire for several hours, the regiment did not engage the enemy. 280 HISTORY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA EE^EEVES. "When the first line was forced back, the enemy came witMn the range of McCall's artillery. Captain Baston, commanding battery A, suddenly found himself confronted by a heavy column of rebels charging from the woods, eight hundred yards in front of his position. This splendid bat- tery opened with all its power, and for half an hour poured an incessant fire of shell and spherical case dowh through the column of the enemy. Again and again the enemy ral- lied to the charge and were as often repulsed. Fresh troops were pushed forward, the position must be carried. As they came almost to the cannon's mouth, double-shotted canister tore in horrible gashes through the rebel masses. The col- umn reeled back, but was reinforced, and rallied to another ■desperate charge. "Pour in the double canister, boys!" shouted brave Captain Easton, " tbis battery can never be taken but over my dead body !" The men plied their guns with tremen- dous effect ; their noble captain mortally wounded, fell by the side of his guns; many of his men had fallen ; the artil- lery horses lay dead about the battery, supports were gone, and the gunners bayoneted at their guns, the battery could fight no longer, and retreat was now impossible ; four guns and two caissons were left in the hands of the enemy. Battery B, commanded by Captain Cooper was placed by General Eeynolds, with the First brigade, on the right of the second line. The irregularity of the battle, however, soon withdrew, regiment by regiment, the brigade from their position. A New York regiment was ordered to support Cooper's battery. At half past five o'clock, the lines of the enemy were advanced driving the batteries in front of Cooper from their position. Captain Cooper opened on the enemy, a vigorous fire, and held him in check until eight o'clock in the evening, when the supports were driven back and Captain Cooper withdrew his battery to escape capture by a column of rebel infantry, that was charging upon his position. Captain Kern's battery was put in a command- ing position near the left, and was supported by regiments GAINES' MILL. 231 of General Meade's brigade. At five o'clock in the after- noon the battery was uncovered by the repulse of the front line of battle. The guns immediately opened on the enemy with good effect. Annoyed by the well-directed fire, the enemy made determined efforts to drive the battery from the hUl. A heavy column was formed and charged up the hill, coming within fifty yards of the guns. Captain Kern was wounded in the left leg, but standing by his guns continued to cheer on his men. Grape and canister, double shotted, were poured into the advancing column, tearing the men to pieces and sending the masses reeling down the hill. Three times they renewed the contest with increased force, and a fiercer desperation; each time they were repulsed with greater slaughter. But the hiU must be gained and the battery silenced, without regard to loss. Another column was formed of fresh troops heavier than the defeated ones, and forward it came, the rebel general carrying the colors in front, and calling his men to follow. There was dreadful carnage in their ranks, but each horrible gap was instantly closed up, and the column pressed forward. When within twenty paces of the battery, at a single round, the whole front rank was carried away, the general and his flag were buried in the heap of slain, yet still forward rushed the in- furiate enemy, to the muzzles of the guns, when giving them a parting charge of death. Captain Kern limbered to the rear, and with four guns snatched &om the hands of the enemy, retired behind a new line of battle. De Hart's battery of the Fifth United States artillery, which was attached to McCall's division, entered the action on the right of the artillery of the division, and assisted Easton and Kern in their severe struggles with the enemy. The battery fired canister and spherical case uninterruptedly for half an hour, into the dense masses of the enemy with terrible effect, but the whole line giving way, this battery lost their guns and their caisson^. The remaining three pieces were brought into battery in the new line and aided in arresting the progress of the enemy. Late in the day, 232 mSTOKY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA EESEEVES. after General Reynolds had relieved the First and Eighth regiments, they were marching to the rear for ammunition; it was at this time the first line broke under the terrific charge of the enemy ; immediately thousands of disorgan- ized troops were pouring in confused masses to the rear. General Porter riding alone came down in haste, called to Colonel Eoberts, and exclaimed, "Colonel Eoberts, can't you form a line with these two regiments, and stop those flying troops?" Colonel Eoberts replied, "I can do it, but send me ammunition to stop the enemy." The two regiments immediately faced about and formed in line; though the shells from the enemy's batteries were falling thickly around them, the sergeants aligned the companies, and the officers executed the commands, cooly as if on dress parade. So marked was the conduct of the men, that it elicited exclama- tions of admiration from General Porter. The men stood firmly, but were appalled at the situation, being in the face of the advancing enemy without a single round of ammu- nition. Soon however, the cheers of the Irish brigade, commanded by General Meagher, were heard rolling up from the Chiokahominy, and almost as rapidly, the blue lines of men were seen rushing, at double quick march to the front. General French's brigade, side by side with the fighting Irishmen, rushed straight for the thickest of the fight. The enemy, however, hearing that reinforcements were coming up ceased firing, and rapidly withdrew. With the close of the hot sultry day the battle ended. Soon after sunset, General Reynolds, who was returning from the right of the line, where he had been endeavoring to procure relief for the Fifth and Bucktail regiments, heard the desperate contest waged by the Eleventh and the New Jersey regiment, and.immediately galloped to the front. The brigade of regulars on the right gave way, and the enemy rushing forward gained the rear of the two regiments, and almost at the same moment, the left was forced, and the column of the enemy pushing onward, joined their com- rades from the right, and completely cut off the retreat of GAINES' MILL. 233 the two regiments. G-eneral Eeynolds and his adjutant- general, Colonel Kingsberry, and an orderly, concealed themselves in the woods during the night. Early on the following morning, while endeavoring to make their escape, they were suddenly confronted by a rebel patrolling party, who demanded their immediate surrender. There was now no escape ; the general must allow himself to be captured, or he would be instantly shot. Colonel Kingsberry stepped forward and surrendered himself, General Reynolds," and the orderly, prisoners of war. An of&cer in the Confederate army thus describes the battle, and the scenes at the close of the day : "The attack was opened by the columns of Hill (1st), Anderson and Pickett. These gallant masses rushed forward with thundering hurrahs upon the musketry of the foe, as though it were joy to them. Whole ranks went down under that terrible hail, but nothing could restrain their courage. The billows of battle raged fiercely onward ; the struggle was man to man, eye to eye,, bayonet to bayonet. The hostile Meagher's brigade,* composed chiefly of Irish- men, offered heroic resistance, ^fter a fierce struggle our people began to give way, and at length all orders and encouragements were vain — they were falling back ia the greatest disorder. Infuriate, foaming at the mouth, bareheaded, sabre in hand, at this critical moment General Cobb appeared upon the field, at the head of his legion, and with him the Nineteenth North Carolina and the Fourteenth Virginia regiments. At once these troops renewed the attack, but all their devotion and self-sacrifice were in vain. The Irish held their position with a determination and ferocity that called forth the admiration of our own officers. Broken to pieses and disorganized, the fragments of that fine legion came rolling back from the charge. The Nine- teenth North Carolina lost eight standard bearers, and most * Meagher's brigade did not arrive on the field till night. The troops referred to were McCall's division. 234 HISTORY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA EESEKVES. of their staff officers were either killed or wounded. Again, Generals HiU (1st) and Anderson led their troops to the attack, and some regiments covered themselves with im- mortal glory. Our troops exhibited a contempt of death that made them the equals of old, experienced veterans ; for^ notwithstanding the bloody harvest the destroyer reaped in our ranks that day, no disorder, no timid bearing revealed that many of the regiments were under fire and smelt gun- powder then for the first time. But the enemy, neverthe- less, quietly and cooly held out against every attack we made, one after the other. Notwithstanding the fact that solitary brigades had to stand their ground from foiir until eight o'clock, P. M., they performed feats of incredible valor ; and it was only when the news came that Jackson was upon them in- the rear, that, about eight, they retired before our advance. Despite the dreadful carnage in their ranks they marched on with streaming banners and rolling drums, and carried with them all their slightly wounded and all their baggage; and when the cavalry regiments of Davies and Wickham went in pursuit, repelled this assault also with perfect coolness. "By this time night had come on and overspread the field of death with darkness, compassionately shutting out from the eyes of the living the horrid spectacle of slaughter. Quiet gradually returned ; only a feeble cannonade could be heard upon our furthest left, and that, too, little by little, died away. The soldiers were so fearfully exhausted by the day's struggle that many of them sank down from their places in the ranks upon the ground. Although I, too, could scarcely keep in the saddle, so great was my fatigue, I hastened with one of my aids to that quarter of the field where the struggle had raged the most fiercely. The scene of ruin was horrible ; whole ranks of the enemy lay prone where they had stood at the beginning of the battle. The number of wounded was fearful, too, and the groans and imploring cries for help that rose on all sides had, in the obscurity of the night, a ghastly effect that froze the blood GAINKS' MILLf 235 in one's veins. Alttougli I tad been upon so many battle- fields in Italy and Hungary, never had my vision beheld such a spectacle of human destruction. The preparations for the transportation of the wounded were too trifling, and the force detailed for that purpose was either too feeble in numbers or had no proper knowledge of its duties. Even the medical corps had, by the terrors of the situation, been rendered incapable of attending to the wounded with zeal and efficiency. With inconceivable exertion, I at length succeeded, with the assistance of some humane officers, in bringing about some kind of order amid this frightful con- fusion. By the happiest chance I found some Union ambu- lances, had all our men who could drive, and knew the way pressed into service, aind set to work to get the wounded into Eichmond. A most heart-rending task it was; for often the poor sufferer would expire just as we were about to extend him succor. By midnight we had got the first train ready. It consisted of sixty wagons, with two hundred seriously wounded. I cautiously and slowly conducted this train with success to the city. At the first hospital reached I was met with refusal. 'AH fulll' was the reply to my inquiry. ' Forward to the next hospital !' was my word of command. ' All full !' was again the answer. Just then a Mend said to me that if I would wait he might be able to help me, as he would have a neighboring tenement, used as a tobacco warehouse, prepared for an hospital. So I had to make up my mind to wait there for an hour and a half, in the street, with my dying charge. I did my best to supply the poor fello,ws with water, tea, and other refreshments, so as to alleviate their sufferings in some degree ; but the late hour of the night, and the agitation of the city, prevented me from putting my design into more than half execution. "At length the so-called hospital was ready, but I could 'scarcely believe my eyes when I saw the dismal hole offered me by that name. There, in open lofts, without windows or doors, a few planks nailed together were to be the beds of the unfortunate defenders of our country. During those 236 HISTOET OF THE PENNSYIVABIA EESEBVES. days of fate, tlie soldier had endured all tMngs— liunger, thirst, heat; nothing could rob him of his courage, his indifference to death ; and now he lay there -wounded to the death, at the door of his Mends, whose property he had . defended, for whose welfare he had exposed his life, and those friends turn him away to an open barn, where, with- out dressing for his wounds or any care, he is left to perish. "And yet this city had a population of forty thousand souls, had churches admirably adapted to conversion into hospitals, had clergymen in numbers. But neither the doors of the churches opened, nor were the ministers of the gospel there to sweeten the last moments of the dying soldier. Sad and dispirited, I gave the order to carry in the wounded, cast one more glance at that house of death and horror, and then swung myself into my saddle and fled, with a quiet oath on my lips, back to my regiment. "I had but just reached my regiment when we received the order to advance along the whole line. I looked with sadness upon our once fine division. How fearfully some regiments had been decimated ! Many which, like my own, had marched out with eleven hundred men, had now but three or four hundred effective soldiers left. Yes, some — for instance, the Seventh Georgia and Twenty-first North Carolina — had only sbmething over one hundred and eighty men. A vast number of of&cers were disabled ; and many a fine fellow who, a few days before, full of confidence and jollity, had prophesied a golden future, was no more. I no longer had the courage to ask for this one or that one whom I did not see, but took it for granted that he had fallen on the field of honor ; it was too sad to always hear the same • response : ' He is dead !' ' he fell here I' or ' there !' in. such and such a way." General McOall reported the operations of his division in the battle of Gaines' Mill as follows : My division having been successfully withdrawn from its position near Mechanicsville, after the repulse of the enemy, on the morning of GAINES' MILL. 237 the twenty-seventh of June, moved steadily and in order to the ground designated, in rear of Gaines' Mill, where it arrived at ten A. M. Here I was notified by General Porter, that as my division had been engaged till late the previous night, and suffered from lops of sleep, and had been under flre for some hours in the morning, it would be held in reserve to-day. As the different brigades of Porter's corps arrived on the ground, they were formed in line on the interior edge of the dense woods bounding the extensive plain of cleared farm lands, stretching some one thousand two hundred or one thousand five hundred yards back to the Chicka- hominy. These troops constituted the first line, and my division occu- pied the open ground some six hundred yards in the rear. The artillery occupied the space between the lines. The cavaliy of my division, the Fourth regiment Pennsylvania, I placed under cover of the slope in rear. At half-past three o'clock P. M. the enemy advanced and opened his flre. Very soon after the action commenced, you ordered me to move forward the Second and Third brigades of my division to support the first line. This was immediately done, and in a style that called forth an expression of admiration from the commanding general. These two brigades were soon under fire, in some instances the regiments going at once into line where intervals had beeii left, whUe in others they halted directly in rear of the line already formed. In a short time after this the First brigade of my division also was ordered forward, and soon became engaged. In the meantime the batteries of my divi- sion. Cooper's on the right, and De Hart's, Easton's, and Kern's in the centre and on the left, were also advanced, and shelled the enemy over the heads of the men in line. The action had soon become general, and the flre in front of my divi- sion, which was near the centre of the line of battle, increased to a deafening roar of musketry, above which the artillery fire at times could scarcely be distinguished. The enemy was apparently drawn up in four or five lines, and one after another of them was thrust forward on my front as fast as the preceding one recoiled before the well-directed flre of the Reserves, or at such short intervals that the thoroughly heated muskets of my men had not time to cool. In this way, for upward of three hours, my brave fellows were under fire, the regiments either relieving each other or some regiment of another division whose men had become exhausted. About this time, seeing some commotion on the left of my division, I rode rapidly to the ground, and found that the Fourth regiment had been driven in, and was being rallied by General Meade. The line, however, was soon re-formed. I rode in front, addressed the men briefly, and they soon resumed their place in line of battle. Everything now on the left of my division was in successful and satis- factory operation ; I therefore rode slowly along the line, halting for a 238 HISTORY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA EESEEVES. short time in the centre, and then proceeding to the right. Here I found General Reynolds coming from the woods with the First and Eighth regiments of his brigade, he having relieved them and brought them out of action, in consequence of their ammunition being exhausted. He reported to me that the Fifth regiment had likewise nearly expended all its ammunition and ought to be relieved. On hearing this, I at once directed my Assistant Adjutant-General, Captain H. J. Biddle, to ride down the line, and, if possible, to bring up a regiment (of Morrell's division, I think, ) that I had seen in reserve as I rode along the line. I now discovered a battery in rear of my extreme right, which, I thought, might be advantageously brought into action. I rode back to the spot and recommended a position in front to the ofiBcer in command. Captain Weed, of the Fifth artillery. He cheerfully assented and at once moved off to occupy the position. He had not proceeded far before I discov- ered a large number of men on the extreme left retiring. It soon became apparent that we had met with a reverse there. I rode out in the direc- tion of the men, and strove vigorously to rally them ; and I placed a squadron of Indiana cavalry, I happened to find on the ground, in line, with orders to cut down any man who attempted to pass their line. My endeavor was partially successful. I also stopped two batteries that were in retreat, and brought them into battery against the enemy, who just then appeared on the opposite hiU-side; I thus checked their advance on this point. Ab()ut this time, French's division, with Meagher's brigade, arrived on the ground where I was, and I stopped the fire of the two batteries just brought into action while they passed down the hill in front. At the foot of the hill, however, they were met by General Fitz John Por- ter, who halted the column of our friends, the sun being set and the enemy retired from view. My division retired in good order and de- stroyed the bride opposite Trent's Hill (in compliance with General Porter's order) after they had crossed. On Trent's Hill the division lay upon their arms till morning. The only occurrence of this day's battle that I have cause to regret (except the loss of many brave officers and men, whose fall I sincerely mourn,) is the capture by the enemy of a large portion of the Eleventh regiment of the Reserves, Colonel Gallagher commanding. This regi- ment of Meade's brigade had, in the course of the afternoon, relieved the Fourth New Jersey regiment. Colonel Simpson, (Major United States Topographical Engineers,) the latter promising to support the former in case of being hard pressed. In the heat of the action, ths Eleventh regiment becoming enveloped in the smoke of battle, contin- ued the fight after the rest of the line had retired, having been closely engaged with a rebel regiment in front ; and before the Colonel was aware that he had been left alone on the field he found himself under fire of two regiments, one on either flank, besides the one in front. Notwithstanding the peril of his position, he gallantly kept up a galling GAOrais' MILL. 239 fire on the advancing foe, as lie himself retired in good order on the Fourth New Jersey. Here, to crown his ill-foituae, he found that he, as well as Colonel Simpson, was completely surrounded, a strong force having already taken position in his immediate rear. The situation of these two brave regiments, which had so nobly maintained their ground after all had retired, was now hopeless ; their retreat was entirely cut off by the in- creasing force of the enemy, who were still advancing, and they were compeEed to surrender. No censure can possibly attach to either Col- onel Gallagher or Colonel Simpson, or the brave men of their respective regiments, on account of this ill-turn of fortune ; but, on the contrary, they are entitled to the credit of having held their ground until it was tenable no longer. I have only further to add, that throughout this day the Reserves supported the character they had gained at the battle of Mechanicsville, on the afternoon of the 26th and the morning of this day. My thanks are due to Brigadier-Generals Meade and Seymour for the aid afforded me in this hard-fought field. I regret to have to report the capture of Brigadier-General John F. Reynolds, commanding First brigade, and his assistant adjutant-gene- ral. Captain Charles Kingsberry, who were taken prisoners while return- ing to the division on the morning of the 28th. To the officers of my personal staff, and particularly to Captain H. J. Biddle, assistant adjutant-general, and Major Alfred E. Lewis, volun- teer aid-de-camp, my thanks are due for gallant and efficient services. The loss of the division to-day was heavy ; it is embraced in the total at the foot of this report. General Fitz John Porter thus reports the battle to General McCleUan : Beigadiek-Gekbral S. Williams, Assistant Adjutant-General. General : — I have the honor to report that on Friday the 27th of June, after the successful withdrawal of the right wing of the army from Mechanicsville, and its encampment on Gaines' and Curtis' farms near New-bridge, it became necessary for the safety of the material to cover the bridges connecting with the main army across the Chickahominy. For this purpose the corps was disposed in a semicircle, having its extremities resting on the stream, while the intermediate portion occu- pied the ground designated by the major-general commanding, it being the best possible for defence under the circumstances. Part of the front was covered by the ravine of Gaines' mill stream, covered with trees and underbrush, which partially masked our forces, 240 HISTORY OF THE PEjSTNSYLVANIA RESERVES. and screened the reserves fiom view. By tMs disposition tlie roads from Coal Harbor and Mecbanicsville, wbich converge at that point, were duly covered and defended. On the front thus formed were posted the divisions of Morrell and Sykes ; each brigade having in resei-ve two of its own regiments. Portions of the divisions of artillery of Morrell and Sykes were posted to sweep the avenues of approach. The rest were held in reserve. McCall's division formed a second line in rear of the ■woods skirting the ravine. Reynolds' brigade being posted on the extreme right to cover the approaches from Coal Harbor, and Despatch Station to Sumner's bridge. General Cook with his cavalry was in- structed to take a position under the hill in the valley of the Chicka- hominy, to watch our left flank, and should the opportunity occur to strike the enemy on the plain. He was told he would have nothing to do on the hill. The troops remained in position waiting the approach of the enemy's columns known to be advancing in very great force. Believing my force too small to defend successfully this long line, I asked of (General Barnard, who had selected and pointed out this position, to represent to the major-general commanding, the necessity of rein- forcements, and he was to send me felling axes for defensive purposes. (SeeP. S.) Deserters from their ranks, and loyal citizens of Virginia, represented that General Jackson with fifty thousand men had united his forces with those of Longstreet, A. P. Hill and D. H. Hill from Eichmond, and that they were advancing with the determination to overwhelm and crush the army of the Potomac. The dust from the immense columns of the enemy could be seen for miles, and soon our scouts and pickets warned us that they were extending over our whole front. About two o'clock in the afternoon, they began with their skirmishers to feel for the weakest points of our position, and soon large bodies of infantry supported by a warm flre of artillery engaged our whole Ime. Repulsed in every direction, a few hours of ominous silence ensued indicating that their troops were being massed for an overwhelming . attack: Our infantry and artOlery were drawn in towards the centre, and posted to meet the avalanche. Reinforcements were again asked for, and all available troops were sent forward by the major-general commanding. About six o'clock the enemy renewed the attack, advancing immense bodies of infantry under cover of artillery along the road from Coal Harbor to Adam's house, immediately upon our right and centre, where Sykes' division and Griffin's brigade were placed. This furious attack was successfully resisted and repulsed, but imme- diately renewed by fresh troops ; the reserves were pushed as rapidly as possible into the woods to the support of Griffin, whose regiments were relieved upon the expenditure of their ammunition. This and all our positions were held against the enormous odds, and the enemy were at times driven back by our battalions of fresh troops as they were successfully thrown into action. At each repulse by us, fresh troops GAINES' MILL. 241 were thrown by the enemy upon our exhausted forces, and in such numbers and so rapidly that it appeared as if their reserves were in- exhaustible ; the action now extending throughout our entire line, the brigades of McCall were successfully thrown forward to give support to Morreir s hard pressed division. The promised reinforcements ( Slocum' s division,) arrived just as the last of McCall's troops had been sent in to the relief of those of Morrell's battalions, whose ammunition had been exhausted, or to take the place of those which had been nearly cut to pieces. Newton's brigade of Slocum's division being in the advance, was promptly led, regiment after regiment to the right of GriflSn's brigade of Morrell's division, and the left of Sykes' division into the thickest of the fight by its gallant commander, and was soon followed intlie same manner by Taylor's brigade, each regiment relieving the regiment in advance, as soon as the ammunition of the latter was exhausted. In the meantime, Sykes, hard pressed on the right, maintaining his ground with all the obstinacy of the regulars, and the spirit of the volun- teers, required support, and Barllett's brigade of Slocum's division was sent to his relief. A portion however of Newton's brigade had already been in to the assistance of his left. Previous to the arrival of Slocum's brigade, Reynolds having repulsed the enemy in his front, and hearing the tremendous contest on his left, had, acting under a ti-ue maxim, and with the generous spirit of a soldier, moved to the sound of cannon, and led his men regiment after regiment where our hard pressed forces required most assistance. As each regiment entered the woods to the relief of their exhausted companions, the effect was immediately shown by the enemy being driven before them, as evidenced by the soimd of musketry growing more and more distant. Some regiments which had been withdrawn, after having exhausted their ammunition, reformed, replenished their boxes, and returned, in one case even for the third time to this unequal contest. For each regiment thrown into action, there seemed to be two or three fresh regiments brought up by the enemy, but our men maintained their own, and successively repulsed them, until the last regiment had been advanced ; as if for a final effort just as darkness was covering everything from view, the enemy massed his fresh regiments on the right and left, and threw them with overpower- ing force against our thinned and wearied battalions. In anticipation of this, our artillery which until now had been well engaged at favorable points of the field in dealing destruction upon the enemy, or held in reserve, was now thrown to the front, to cover the withdrawal of our retiring troops. The batteries already engaged, continued playing on the coming horde, while the others (in all about eighty guns) succes- sively opened as our troops withdrew from in front of their fircfrand checked in some places, in others drove back the advancing masses. All ajjpeared to be doing well, our troops withdrawing in order to thp cover of the guns, the enemy retiring, and victory so far as possession 16 242 HISTORY OF THE PENNSTLVANU EESEKVES. of tlie field was concerned, had already settled upon our banners ; when to my great surprise the artillery on the left were thrown into confusion by a charge of cavalry coming from the front. With no infantry to support these, and other batteries limbered-up and moved to the rear, some with deUberation, and only after dealing destruction to the enemy, others in haste but without confusion, leaving the battle-field with no ■ enemy upon it. The explanation of this is, that although the cavalry had been directed early in the day to keep below the hill, and under no circumstances to appear upon the crest, but to operate if a favorable opportunity offered agamst the flank of the enemy in the bottom land, Brigadier-General P. St. George Cooke, doubtless misinformed, ordered it, as I have since learned, to charge between our infantry and artijlery upon the enemy on our left flank, who had not yet emerged from the woods. This charge executed in the face of withering fire of infantry, and in the midst of cannonading, resulted of course in their being thrown into cbnfusion, and the bewfldered horses regardless of the efforts of the riders, wheeled about and dashing through the batteries, convinced the gunners that they were charged by the enemy. To this alone is to be attributed our failure to hold the field and to bring off all our guns and woimded. At this juncture the cheering shouts of Brigadier-General French's and Brigadier-General Meagher's men were heard advancing to our support, although they came too late to give us the aid required to drive back the already retiring foe, they gave renewed courage and confidence to our men, whose regiments formed under their prqtection, and were all withdrawn that night with the material and suppUes to the other side of the Chickahominy. This was accomplished with defeat and heavy loss to the enemy, the withdrawal of the right wing of the army, in execution of the orders of the major-general commanding. In these two severe contests of Mechanicsville and the Chickahominy, the country has to deplore the loss of many gallant and brave men. In so unequal a struggle (one to three) our losses may be considered small. It can only be attributed to the skill of the officers and the bravery and discipline of the men. For our success at the battle of Mechanicsville, I desire especially to commend the admirable dispositions made by Brigadier-General Reynolds and Seymour. Owing to which with the skillful inanagement of their men, their losses were few, in this latter respect (the excellent posting of his men) I also commend Brigadier- General Griffin. I desire to express my thanks for the services rendered by those in charge of our siege guns referred to above, which had been previously moved across the Chickahominy to the command of Briga- dier-General Smith in checking by their destructive fire the enemy from advancing upon our left at the battle of the Chickahominy. I desire espeolally to call the commanding general's attention to the conduct of Brigadier-General Sykes and of his brigade commanders. Colonel Warren, Lieutenant-Colonel Buchanan and Major Lovell, who for hours, by the admirable disposition of their men, drove back the enemy 243 and maintained tlieir ground against fearful odds ; to Brigadier-General Morrell and his brigade commanders Martindale, Butterfleld and Griffin, who yielded their positions in the front, only after their ammunition was expended and their regiments much cut up ; to General McCaU and his brigade commanders Reynolds, Meade and Seymour, who suc- cessfully led their regiments into the thickest of the fight to support and reUeve their exhausted commands ; to Brigadier-Generals Newton and Taylor who also conducted their regiments to the support of Morrell and McCall; to Colonel Bartlett commanding Brigadier-General Slocum's division, who gallantly assisted General Sykes, and repulsed charges of the enemy ; to Captain Locke, Assistant- Adjutant General, Captain Kirkland and Mason, Lieutenants Montieth and McQuaid, and Lieu- tenant Weld members of my staff, the gallantry of all of whom was conspicuous, and whose service in carrying orders conducting reinforce- ments, directing batteries and rallying troops, were no less valuable than those of the commanders themselves ; and to Dr. Lyman, medical director, for his prompt care and attention to the wounded. I beg leave also to express my thanks for the service rendered during part of the engagement, by the aids of the major-general commanding, Lieuten- ant-Colonel Radoivitz, Major Hamilierstein, and Captain Louis Philippe and Robert E. Orleans, whose courage and energy was conspicuous among many brave men on that day's field. I also in this communi- cation express my admiration of the conduct of Captain Hoyt, aid to General Butterfield, who like all the above aids (mine excluded) in- spired our men with confidence when rallying them in their retreat and under the flre of the enemy. I cannot further mention individual acts, I give merely those in ele- vated positions, whose conduct came under my own observation, and as an acknowledgment of the services of each command, many other cases of merit will be left for a more detailed report. In the operations above detailed, it is to be regretted that our losses were necessarily severe, but our object was gained in the unmolested concentration of our army with all its siege guns and material. Among the officers lost to us, I regret being obliged to number Brigadier-Gene- ral Reynolds, Major Clitz, Captain Whiting, and Lieutenant 8. M. Weld, my aid, and Captain Chambliss, who were taken prisoners near the close of the contest. The country will mourn the loss of Gove, of the Twenty-second Massachusetts ; McLean of the Eighty-third, and Black of the Sixty-second Pennsylvania, killed in action, genial men and gallant officers who had distinguished themselves on previous occa- sions ; Major N. B. RosseU, Third Infantry, and some others who have the flash of the sabre, the thrust and parry of the bayonet, the crash of the' clubbed musket, the spouting blood, the death cry, the rush- ing of masses, the surging of the conflict, pressing back into the forest, and forward again to the fragments of the broken battery, officers mounted on the guns cheering on their men, the momentary lulls, the rally and the fierce renewal of the fight, made the scene a maelstrom of fury with its currents of blood, wounds, and death, unparalleled in the; history of the rebellion. General McCall had already put his last man into the? fight, and was therefore unable to reinforce the troops stmg- 18 274 HISTORY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA EESERTE3. gling in a death-grapple for Eandall's battery. Fresli regi- ments reinforced the enemy's column, and the Reserves were borne from the field, and carried back into the woods by sheer force of numbers. The rebels, however, had been too severely punished to pursue. They did not even attempt to hold the battery, but abandoning aU they had won, hastily fell back to the woods, beyond the field ; and hearing the cheers of a brigade of New Jersey troops which was marching along the rear of McCall's position, to rein- force General Kearney's line, the enemy did not venture to renew the conflict. The sun had already set, and as the dark shadows drew close around the evening's twilight, the roar of battle grew gradually more dim, and like the expiring day, glimmered and went out in the gloom of night. In the last terrible conflict that closed the battle of this day, an officer leading a Georgia regiment appeared most conspicuous, cheering on his men. He was a giant in form and strength ; he wore a plain black coat, bearing no insignia of rank, and was armed with a musket and bayonet,- which he used with ferocious power to clear his way, bayoneting right and left as he advanced. He was, however, soon confronted by Sergeant H. C. Howard, of the Eleventh Reserves, a young man of undaunted courage and of great muscular strength. Howard had already, during the day, despatched three men with his bayonet, and would not now shrink from the most powerful enemy. The Georgian thrust at him with his bloody bayonet, but Howard dexterously parried his stroke and caught the hostile weapon on>he shank of his own. A desperate trial of skill and strength ensued ; the two giants wrestled in the embrace of death, regardless of the fury of battle that surrounded them. Neither combatant would release the other's weapon to hazard a thrust at his antagonist, and both bayonets were finally brought to the ground. The two giants stood face to face-, eyes glaring in stubborn defiance at each other, fixed as statues. At this moment NEW MAEKET CEOSS EOADS, ' 275 one of Howard's companions coming up to him, clubbed Ms musket, and struck the Georgian on the head a blow- that stretched him lifeless on the ground. Sergeant Howard then turned to General McCall; near whom the contest had occurred, smiled and nodded his head emphatically to one side, and again dashed away into the fight. General Meade, who had done yaliant service, and who had been General McOall's chief reliance during the day, was wounded late in the evening, while cheering on his regiments to the last desperate conflict. He was struck simultaneously by two balls, one entering his arm, and the other, penetrating the body just above the hip-joint, passed out near the spine. He attempted to remain on the field, but becoming exhausted from loss of blood, rode to the rear alone, and was received at the hospital by Surgeon Collins, who bound up his wounds, and sent him to the James river in an ambulance. As soon as the enemy had left the field. General McCall commenced the work of collecting his regiments, for the purpose of re-forming his line. He labored under great disadvantages. He had lost all of his brigade commanders; and in addition to this, in the course of the day all the members of his staff' had been killed, wounded, or put hors du coTnbat; his faithful orderly had been mortally wounded at his side, and his personal escort, a captain and twenty men of the Fourth cavalry, had been killed, wounded or dispersed, two only excepted, and the general himself had all day been under the hottest fire, encouraging his men. After the enemy had fallen back from the left and centre, and hurled their forces against the right, thft fragments of six regiments on the left, joined themselves together under their ranking officers, formed an independent brigade, and moved to the front. There was now no general ofiicer on the field to command them. General Meade was wounded, Colonel Simmons, who commanded the First brigade, was killed, and General Seymour, commanding the Third i brig- ade, had become separated froin his troops and had' left 270 HISTORY OP THE PENNSYLVANIA EESEKVE3. tte field. Wten, tterefore^ the battle raged witt terrible fury on the right, these tToops> -with one accord, moved towards lial part of *the field, -where General McCall was in the midBt of ihe, carnage, superintending the fight. Before the troops reached the scene of the final struggle, the battle had ended. "When they gained their original, position in the border of the field, Major Stone rode forward to recon- noitre the ground in front ; when, he reached the wrecks of thfi' batteries on the crest of the hill, he was joined by General McGall, who was attended by a corporal and a private of the Fourth Pennsylvania cavalry. They rode forward a short distance, wben they were suddenly con- fronted by the levelled muskets of a column of rebel infan- try, and commanded to halt and dismount General McCall and the two cavalrymen, who, were in front of Major Stone, were captured. Two volleys were fired at the major, but, it being now quite dark, he escaped, slightly wounded. The several regiments had now collected on the road near the right of the line ; the commanders of the regiments, unable to learn of the fate of the general officers, and being without orders, collected their troops for such resistance as it was possible for them to make. Colonel EobertSj who was the ranking officer on the field, assumed command, and directed the men to form on the road and await his orders. About ten o'clqpki General Seymour, coming up the: road from the rear, arrived on the field, and relieving Colonel Eoberts, took command of the shattered columns of the Eeserves. The enemy had fallen back half a mile from the battle-field, which became neutral, or, at least, unoccupied ground, until late in the night, the enemy moved up a division of fresh troops to hpld the field. The Eeserves remained in position on the right and centre, on a line about one hundred yards in rear of the original line of battle, until eleven o'clock in the night, ■when they were ordered to withdraw and follow the. other divisions of the army to Malvern hill. Before leaving the fields the artillery officens asked permission toi procure NEW MARKET CROSS ROADS. 277 horses and men to bring away their batteries, which were ia front of the infantry, having been left there ia the even- ing, because the horses had been killed and the men were unable to draw them from the field. General Heintzelman, however, refused to allow the artillerymen to attempt to remove the guns, lest it would bring on a renewal of the battle ; and General McClellan had directed General Heint- ., aelman to avoid a general engagement until the army reached a position on the James river, where it could be aided by the gunboats. The artillery with McCaU's division was therefore abandoned by the Army of 'the Potomac ; it was not captured ; but, on the morning of the 1st of July, was found on the field by the enemy's pickets. Among the noble dead left on this field of blood, was Colonel Seneca G. Simmons. In the death of this officer, the Reserves lost an able and an experienced man, of the highest military attainments, and universally acknowledged soldierly qualifications. His education was altogether mili- tary. He left Vermont, his native State, at the age of four- teen, and became a pupil of Captain Partrige's school, then located in Connecticut, and, removed from thence, with a branch of that institution to Georgetown, D. C. While there, he formed that love of military life which decided his fate. Going alone, and unaided, to President Jackson, he asked, and received from him, the appointment of cadet, to the United States Military Academy at West Point. He gradu- ated in 1834, and was assigned to the Seventh regiment of infantry in the United States Army. He had been almost constantly on duty. Previous to the war, every inducement had been urged in order to secure his services to the Con- federate cause, but he scorned alike offers of place or high rank, where there might lurk even a suspicion of treason to his beloved flag, and turned a deaf ear to all persuasions of old companions in arms, though endeared by ties of long friendship, cemented by the hardships and dangers of the camp, or the more quiet enjoyments of garrisbh Hfe. He served in the campaigns of Florida and Mexicb, SLod by 278 HISTORY OF THE FENNSYLVAlSriA HESERVES. gallant conduct won the rank of captain, but his life had been spent chiefly on frontier duty, remote from the influ- ences of luxury, political intrigue or its aspiration, and he therefore brought to the aid of the Union cause, aU the enthusiasm -and loyalty which had animated his youth. When the darkening " shadows of coming events," told us the dread storm of war was inevitable, and the thunder of the traitors' cannon broke on Sumter, Captain ' Sirnmons,- was with his family in Harrisburg, and rendered important service, during the organization of the first troops, that responded to the call of their Government. He identified himfeelf with the Pennsylvania Eeserves, from their earliest formation, was elected colonel of the Fifth infantry, and assisted with all his powers, to bring that portion of the army to the efficiency of veteran troops. In personal appear- ance N. P. Willis, who saw him during a review in a storm, thus describes him : " Of a most warlike caste of feature, his profuse, and slightly grizzled beard, was impearled with glistening drops, and with horse and accoutrements all drip- ping, he rode calmly through the heavy rain, like a Triton, taking his leisure in his native element. It was the finest of countenances, and the best of figures, for a horseman. He looked indomitable in spirit, and unsubject to the com- mon inconveniences of humanity, as handsome and brave, when tired and wet, as he would v/hen happy and dry." He adds, "I was quite captivated with the picture of such a man, and did not wonder at the comment appended to the reply of a subaltern officer of whom I enquired his name : 'General Simmons,' said he, 'a man who everybody would be glad to serve under.' " The man mistook his rank, -although frequently acting as brigadier, he did not receive the appoint- meiit, though no braver man ever drew sword in any cause, and no purer libation of love, and loyalty, was ever poured upon the altar of his country, then flowed from the heart of Colonel Seneca G. Simmons. Captain Henry J. Biddle, Assistant Adjutant-General on (general McOall's staff, was severely wounded in the charge NEW MARKET CROSS ROADS. 279 led by Colonel Simmons. "WTien tlie army moved to the James, he, with many others who could not be removed, fell into the hands of the enemy ; he was taken to Eichmond, where he died on the 20th of July, 1862. Captain Biddle had received a military education at West Point, and had" for several years been a civil engineer on the railroads in the State of Pennsylvania, and afterwards became one of the firm of Thomas Biddle & Co., bankers and brokers in Phila- delphia. When the war began in 1861, he was appointed an assistant adjutant-general with the rank of captain, and assigned for duty to the Eeserve corps. His thorough knowledge of military duties rendered him a most valuable officer in the work of organizing the division. After the troops entered the field, and engaged in active campaigns, Captain Biddle rose to distinction for meritorious and gallant conduct in the most desperate battles of the war. Near the close of the engagement Colonel Hays, com- manding the Eighth regiment, was leading his men to a charge on the right, when his horse was struck by a shell, and torn to pieces under him. Colonel Hays received a severe bruise, and was saved, snatched from the jaws of death by Wilson Cooper, a private in the regiment, who extricated him from the fragments of his horse, and carried him to the rear, but he was so seriously injured by the fall, that he did not recover for many months, and was unable again to enter the service. The horses attached to one of the caissons of Eandall's battery, maddened by a volley of musketry, which struck them and kUled their driver, dashed through the lines of the Seventh regiment, and inflicted severe injuries on many of the men. The caisson passed over Colonel Harvey and bruised him so severely that he was carried from the field. During the day, many of&cers of lower rank were killed and many more were wounded. Companies were without captains, some without a commissioned of&cer to command them ; regiments were without colonels, and at the close of 280 HISTORY OF THE PEXNSYLVANIA RESEEVE3. the battle tlie division was left witliout a general officer to lead it. An officer in the Confederate army reporting the battles of the Peninsula, says of the battle of New Market cross- roads: " General McGlellan had taken his position on the N«w Market road which formed his centre. This point he had strengthened with nineteen pieces of heavy artillery, hg,d collected his best troops there, and jfirmly and coolly awaited our attack. "We had, at all hazards, to drive the enemy from the neighborhood of our Capital, or succumb ourselves. No other choice remained for us. During the four days of massacre that had already passed, our troops had been trans- formed iuto wild beasts, and hardly had they caught sight of the enemy, drawn up in order, ere they rushed upon them with horrible yells. Yet calmly, as on the parade ground, the latter delivered their fire. The batteries in the centre discharged their murderous volleys on our men, and great disorder ensued amon,g the storming masses. General Lee sent all his disposable troops to the rescue, but McClellan opened upon these newly formed storming columns so hellish a fire that even the coldest blooded veteran lost his self- possession. "Whole ranks of our men were hurled to the ground. The thunder of the cannon, the crackling of the musketry from a hundred thousand combatants, mingled with the screams of the wounded and the dying, were terrific? to the ear and the imagination. Thus raged the conflict within a comparatively narrow space seven long hours, and yet not a foot of ground was won. All our reserves had been led into the fight, and the brigade of "Wilcox was annihilated. At length the coming of night compelled ^ truce, and, utterly overcome by fatigue, the soldier sank upon the ground at his post, thoughtless of even the friend torn from his side, and engrossed only with the instinct of self-preservation. But "water! water I" was the cry froni the parched lips on aU sides. The empty flasks contaiae4 not a drop, alas ! and at length sleep overcame each worn- STEW MARKET CROSS BOADS. 281 out warrior, and even thirst and tunger "were forgotten. Gloomy and out of humor, General Lee rode tlirougli the camping ground of the decimated regiments, attended "hj his staff, and then, with a dry, harsh voice, ordered up the divisions of Wise and Magruder to bury the dead. With a brief remark, he next indicated to General Longstreet his position for the next day, and rode off with his aids to visit other portions of the line." The battle of JSTew Market cross-roads was reported by the enemy, as having been one of the most remarkable, long contested, and gallant fights, that had yet occurred on their lines. " General Longstreet's and General Hill's troops were in such a condition of prostration from their long and toil- some fight, and suffering in killed and wounded, that they were unable to occupy the battle-field. When, therefore, at eleven o'clock in the night, General Magruder arrived, his troops were sent forward to hold the grounds in front." General MoCaU thus reports the battle to General Porter : On Friday evening, June 27tli, after tLe battle of Gaines' mills, my division crossed the CMckahominy at Trent's hill, where it remained on picket duty till eight o'clock, P. M., on the 38t.h. At that hour I received your orders to move in the direction of White Oak creek, and to take with me Hunt's resei"ve artillery, consisting of thirteen batteries. As this would extend my column many miles in length, and as my flank would constantly be exposed to attack, I placed the whole of the Third brigade, by regiments, between the batteries, to afford them support. This movement, owing to narrow and bad roads, was neces- sarily slow, and my division, after being all night on the march, did Bregiments, of whom Lieutenant-Colonel Mclntyre, Major George A. Woodward and Major Woolworth are among the many wounded. I must also name as entitled to favorable notice. Acting Division Surgeon Stocker, who accompanied me in the early part of the day, and assisted in commu- nicating my orders until slightly wounded in the wrist by the fragment of a shell. Lideed, to all are my best thanks and praises due for bravely contributing to the important results, namely, the defence of the im- mense supply train while passing that point, and the holding the enemy in check upon the New Market road, where he strove desperately to cut in two the retiring column of the Army of the Potomac. The trophies of the day were three stands of colors captared, and about two hundred prisoners. The loss of the division in killed, wounded, and prisoners, in the three battles of the 26th, 37th and 30th of June, was three thousand one hun- dred and eighty, the killed and wounded amounting to one thousand six hundred and fifty, out of about seven thousand who went into battle at HechaniGSville on the 36th of June. I am, very respectfully, Tour obeffient servant, GEORGE A. McCALL. 286 HISTORY OF THE PEKNSTLVANIA EESEEVE3. General McClelkn, wIid was not present at tlie battle of New Market cross roads, and, having been misinformed as to the naiture of the conflict, and the conduct of the troops engaged, misrepresented, in his report, the action of. the Eeserve Corps, in language wholly unwarranted. General Hooker and General Heintzelman, who were on the left and rear of General McCall's division, in their attempt to report an engagement which they had not witnessed, and of the character of which they had no trustworthy information, also grossly misstated the conduct of the troops. That these officers, from whose reports it would appear that the Pennsylvania Eeserves failed to sustain their honor- able reputation in this severe engagement, are in error, there is abundant evidence. When General McGall was captured, he was taken to General Lee's headquarters, where General Longgtreet told him that, "Lee had seventy -five thousand troops bearing on that point, all of whom would arrive before midnight, and had he succeeded in forcing McClellan's column of march, they would have been thrust in between the right and left wing of the Federal army." It was the firm resistance made by the Eeserves that defeated this purpose of the enemy, which, if it had succeded, would have resulted in the destruction of the Army of the Potomac. Surgeon Marsh, of the Fourth regiment, remained in charge of the wounded at Willis' church, and fell into the hands of the enemy. He was ordered to report to General Lee on the New Market road. At Lee's headquarters. Sur- geon Marsh met General Longstreet, who inquired of him whether he had been present at the engagement ; also what troops had been engaged. He replied that he had been in the baAtle, and knew only of the action of McCall's division, which had fought on the grounds they were then standing on. " Well," said Longstreet, " McCall is safe in Eichmond, but if his division had not offered the stu'bborn resistance it did, on this road, we would have captured your whole army. NEW MARKET CROSS ROADS, 287 General Fitz John Porter, in a report of tTie operations on the left of the army, on the 30th of June, made to Gene- ral McOlellan on the 8th of July, says: "MoCall's division, posted on the New Market road to cover the withdrawal of our trains, was attacked by the enemy in immense force. Se maintained his place till nightfall, when the surviving portion of his command rejoined the corps, coming in under the command 'of Brigadier-general Seymour, the only re- maining general ofELcer on duty ; " and in a letter dated at Washington, October 20, 1862, he says : " Had not McCall held his place on New Market road, June 30, that line of march of the (Federal) army would have been cut by the enemy." General Meade, writing from "Camp near Warrenton, Va.," November 7, 1862, says : " It was only the stubborn resistance offered by our division (the Pennsylvania Ee- serves), prolonging the contest till after dark, and checking till that time the advance of the enemy, that enabled the concentration during the night of the whole army on James river, which saved it." Lieuteaant B. Beatty, ordnance of&cer on General McCall's staff, wrote from Carlisle, on the 12th of July, 1862, the following : " The battle of the 80th (which opened about four P. M.,) was in my opinion the most desperate of the three battles in which the "Eeserves" were engaged. Our position was one of great responsibility in reference to the safety of the whole army. General McGall fully appreciated it, and the military proportions of the old hero loomed up to the grandeur of the occasion. His whole manner and appearance evinced the determination to triumph or die. As the battle progressed the. whole energy of the veteran soldier was roused. He entered into the thickest and hottest of the conflict with intense earnestness and entirely regard- less of peril, although all the time in the midst of a tempest of deadly missiles. The portion of the field to which he gave his personal attention was our centre and right, and 288 HISTOET OF THE PEKNSYLVAKIA EESEEVE3. our troops were cteered by his constant presence ■with l^em. He rode from regiment to regiment, and dashed along, shouting -words of encouragement to inspirit both officers and men. At times under the fierce onsets of the desperate rebel foe our ranks would reel, and staggef, and fall back. But most active of all in checking the stampede and turning back the fugitiyes was their veteran general himself And his presence and rallying cry wag most potent in bringing them again to ' a stand.' Then regain- ing their self-possession, and speedily re-forming their line they would again rush forward with cheers and drive back the rebel desperadoes. About six o'clock P. M., I received a rifle ball through the thigh of my right leg. The general urged me to go to the rear and find a surgeon at once. But as I felt no bone was broken, I determined not to leave him while I had the strength to remain on my horse. The battle continued to rage, the ' Eeserves,' worn down by the labor of the two previous battles, long marches and loss of sleep, and feeling that fresh rebel troops were constantly pouring on the field, began to yield to the unequal contest; But the general redoubled his efibrts to keep their ranks firm. Again and again they rallied. I am sure he felt proud of their good conduct — ^the noble 'Eeserves' — ^whom he had organized and given a year's training and discipline, and who in these last five days were realizing his highest expectations. But they had fought long and well,- and the sun was near the horizon, and the general looksd anxiously for the reinforcements which had been promised him. All at once he turned round to me and said he was struck, and the dull sound of the ball, striking as I thought the upper part of his breast bone, had not escaped my ear. I imme- diately and earnestly urged his going to the reat to a sur- geon, and the horses' heads were turned in that direction. We had not prooeded far, however, before he succeedfed' in getting his shirts opened at the neck, and remarked to me that he could feel no blood. Expressing the opinion that he had only been struck by a spent ball, which had done NEW MARKET CBOSS EOADS. 289 Mm no injury, he immediately turned his horse and declared his intention of returning to the battle-field, but enjoiniig upon me to seek a surgeon and have my wound dressed without delay. As my wound had been bleeding profusely for nearly or quite an hour, and as I was beginning to seriously feel the effect, I could not in justice, disregard this injunction, although exceedingly reluctant to leave. It was, I think, about sunset when we parted." Under date of the 16th of August, 1864, General McCall addressed to the author the following very satisfactory state- ment of the points in dispute, which is a complete vindica- tion of the honor of the gallant soldiers who died, or lived in the midst of death, at New Market cross roads, that the army might be safely concentrated on the banks of the James river : Mt Deae Sir: I have learned that General McClellan has written to the Adjutant-general, U. S. A., correcting his report of the Peninsula campaign in certain particulars, and among them in reference to the battle of "Nelson's Farm" or New Market crossroads, as follows: in his original report he says, "Late in the day, at the call of General Kearney, General Taylor's first New Jersey brigade, Slocum's division, was sent to occupy a portion of General McCall's deserted position, a battery accompanying the brigade. They soon drove the enemy back, who shortly after gave up the attack," etc. Had this been true it would have been the most ungene- rous and ungrateful expression — " the deserted position" — ever used by a commanding-general towards a general officer who had fought his division for four hours against thrice his numbers, even if overcome. But the check given to Lee by my division on the New Market road, having in the judg- ment of more than one Federal general officer, and at least one Confederate general, saved McClellan's army, makes the stigma attempted to be cast upon the division the more glaring and unpardonable. 290 HISTORY OF THE PEIWSYLVANIA EESEBVES. This Stigma, as I tinderstand, General McOlellan has endeavored to smooth over by changing the "deserted posi- tion," to a "portion of McCall's position from which he had been driven by superior numbers," or words to that effect. On the publication of General McClellan's report, in which he quotes General Heintzelman's report rather freely with respect to the operations of my division, of which General Heintzelman, being all the time in my rear, and separated by a strip of pine forest from my battle ground, could know nothing, I wrote to Heintzelman to ask, whether this term, "deserted position," was also derived from his report. Heiatzelman disclaimed the authorship, and sent me a printed copy of his report of that day's battle. In this report General Heintzelman says, "While at the forks of the road (about half a mile in my rear) I received a call from General Kearney for aid. Knowing that all General Sedgwick's troops were unavailable, I was glad to avail my- self of the kiad offer of General Slocum to send the New Jersey brigade of his division to General Kearney's aid. " I rode out far enough on the Charles city road to see that we had nothing to fear from that direction, and returned to see the New Jersey brigade enter the woods to General Kearney's relief. A battery accompanied this brigade. They soon drove back the enemy. It was now growing dark." Gener9,l Heintzelman in a letter to me, dated Columbus Ohio, March 24, 1864, says, "I had some discussion with General Kearney some time after, he saying that he never asked for reinforcements, though when I recalled what had occurred, he acknowledged that the message he sent, virtu- ally amounted to that." Whether Kearney's division or any part was driven back, or, if so, how far, I cannot now remem- ber. I was with the right of my division at dark, and I assert without fear of contradiction that no reinforcements came to my relief, up to that time. I rode forward into the rebel picket, believing it to be a part of my own command, so near were we together. A few minutes afterwards. NEWMARKET CROSS EOADS. 291 ■when in conversation witli Generals Lee and Longstreet, a heavy fire was heard far to the right of my position, Long- street remarked to me, " I think they are wasting powder now." This firing I have not the least doubt was the New Jersey brigade, firing at the unseen enemy, near the centre of Kearney's position. At all events. General Heintzelman's testimony that the Krst New Jersey brigade (Kearney's old brigade) was offered by Slocum, for Kearney's support, and that he (Heiatzelman) saw it enter the woods to Kearney's relief he knowing, of course, where Kearney's division was at the time, is conclusive that the New Jersey troops were sent to Kearney's, not to my " deserted position." Again : General McClellan quotes Heintzelman's repor-t ia these words: "General McCall's troops soon began to emerge from the woods into the open fields. Several batteries were in positron and began to fire into the woods over the heads of our men in front. Captain De Eussey's battery was placed by Heintzelman on the right of General Sumner's artillery, with orders to shell the woods," etc. These men emerging from the woods were of Seymour's brigade, part of which was driven in, and its commander having abandoned them, did not return to his brigade until two o'clock the following morning, as reported to me by his assistant adjutant-general. Captain Clark, whose report in writing is still in my possession. In order that you may better understand what was going on in my division at the time General Heintzelman, and on his authority General McClellan, reported officially, that my men "began to emerge from- the woods," I will make an extract &om a letter of mine to General Heintzelman, dated March 29th, 1864: "Now, my dear ' General, from what you say when you came forward to Sumner's and Sedg- wick's commands, both of which were in my rear, ' General McCall's men began to emerge from the woods, etc.,' it is very clear that you came up in rear of my extreme left, Seymour's brigade, Sumner and Sedgwick being to his rear 292 HISTORY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA RESEETES. and left, and having ordered your chief of artillery, Captain De Eussy, whom you brought forward, to shell the woods in front, you say 'I started back to rejoin my command.' Permit me to tell you, that had you at that time ridden through the strip of woods in front of you, a little to the right of where you saw the stragglers of Seymour's brigade ' emerging,' you would have found me in the open field in front, with the centre of my division ; and General Meade with his brigade on the right of the division, and six regi- ments of the Pennsylvania Eeserves, and three batteries. Cooper's, Kern's, and Eandall's, at that very moment, blazing away at the enemy, who were with great steadiness advancing to close quarters, but were repulsed with great slaughter from every point of my right and centre. Meantime, De Eussy's batteries commenced their work of shelling the woods in my rear, and very soon after, General Meade rode up to me, and with no little emphasis reported ' that the shells from these batteries were falling among his men,'' and requested me to cause them to cease firing. I immediately sent my aid, Captain Scheetz, to state the fact to the ofBcer commanding the batteries, and request him to cease firing, as my troops were in his front. In a few minutes the shells began to fall about the centre of my division, and some of them confoundedly near my own head. Captain Scheetz returned and reported that he had delivered the message, but that the officer commanding the artillery refused to stop firing ^vithout orders from his, own general. I then directed Captain Scheetz to find the general commanding those troops, and to deliver my message. The horse of my aid was killed on, the way and he did not find the general. The firing, however, ceased not long after- wards, the enemy having been repulsed by me." Having posted De Eussy's battery, General Heintzelman continues: " Whilst halting here I was struck on the arm by a ball from one of the enemy's sharpshooters, I presume in the woods in front, also one of my staff was. hit." How the sharpshooters got into the woods immediately in NEW MAEKET CEOSS EOADS. 293 my rear, and in part occupied by my reserve, it is difficult to see ; but as it appears that these wounds were contusions'" from spent balls, it is presumable that the shots were fired over the heads of my men, when engaged at close quarters with the enemy in front of these woods. "With respect to General Heintzelman's report, "that about 5 P. M., General McGall's division was attacked in large ^ force, evidently the principal attack, that in less than an hour the division gave way, etc." (General McClellan's Eeport, page 137.) I have only to quote General Sumner, (same report, page 138,) who says: "The battle of Glendale was the most severe action since the battle of Fair Oaks. About three o'clock the action commenced, and after a furious contest, lasting till after dark, the enemy was routed at all points and driven from the field." Likewise General Hooker's report to General Heintzelman himself, in which he says : "About three o'clock the enemy commenced a vigorous attack on McCall." Now Sumner and Hooker being in my immediate vicinity, their unasked testimony as to the hour at which my division was attacked is conclusive. My division alone was engaged until Seymour was driven in at five o'clock, when Hooker and Sumner felt the shock o^ the enemy following Seymour; the enemy immediately recoiled from the fresh troops unexpectedly encountered. General Hooker in his report says : " He rolled the enemy back and passing Sumner's front, they were by him hurriedly thrown over on to Kearuey." The gallant general might have said, without much stretch of the hyperbole, hurriedly, thrown over the moon ! for the one was quite as practicable as the other, Kearney being on my -right half a mile from Hooker, and six of my regiments and three batteries in the interval hotly contesting the ground with Longstreet's division, which I am proud to say, after hard fighting, recoiled before the Eeserves. Again, with Hooker's report before him, it is really amazing, how Heintzelman could have reported, " that about five o'clock General McCall's division was attacked" — it is 294 HISTORY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA EESEEVES. still more incompreliensible, how he could have reported f "that in less than an hour the division gave way," inasmiich as he states in a letter to me, da,ted February 14, 1864: "It was reported to me that the Pennsylvania Eeserves had given way. Knowing that if the enemy made much pro- gress in that direction, that Kearney's division and the troops on the right of him would be cut off from the rest of the army, and from our line of retreat to James river, I rode forward." It was at this time that I received his fire in my rear. But as he saw only a few of my men "emerging from the woods," and was soon satisfied that "the enemy was not making much progress over the ground held by the Eeserves," and having ordered De Russey's battery to shell the woods in my rear, he quietly rode back "to his headquarters at the junction of the Charles City and New Market cross roads," at least half a mile in rear of my battle-ground. Moreover, while in "Washington City in November, 1862, in a conversation with General Sumner, he remarked to me, while speaking of Hooker's report, ("that my whole division was completely routed,") "I saw your men coming out of the woods, but I saw that they were stragglers, and after a few moments I thought no more of it." But as unfounded and unjustifiable as Heintzelman's report is, it pales before the foul aspersion cast on my division by McGlellan, who, with. Heintzelman's report before him, says : " The New Jersey brigade was sent to occupy a portion of McCall's deserted position," when, within a few lines of the passage before quoted by McGlel- lan, Heintzelman says : " I returned to see the New Jersey brigade enter the woods to Kearney's relief." There is one more point in this relation to whicli I wish to refer, viz.: General McGlellan, in his letter to the Presi- dent, dated Harrison's Bar, James river, July 4, 1862, has the following, published in McGlellan's Eeport, page 142 : " We have lost no guns except twenty-five on the field of battle, twenty-one of which were lost by the giving way NEW MARKET CKOSS EOADS. 295 of McCall's division, under tlie onset of superior numbers." The general should have been a little more careful what he ■wrote to Mr. Lincoln, or, perhaps, a little more cautious what he published." If you will turn to page 127, same report, you will see, that in his report of the battle at Gaines' Mill, he says : " The number of guns captured in this battle by the enemy was twenty -two." Having read this letter to the President, I wrote to Gene- ral William E. Barry, General McClellan's chief of artillery, during the Peninsular campaign, requesting him to refer to his report, and inform me, how many guns he had reported lost by my division at Gaines' MiU, and received the following in reply : " "Washington, March 10, 1864. "Mt deae General: — ^Your note of the 7th instant is just received, and finds me on the eve of departure for the southwest, whither I am ordered for duty with General Grant's armies. I regret extremely that my papers relating to the Peninsular compaign are all packed up and have been sent away, and that I have no better reference than my memory to enable me to answer your queries. I can, how- ever, state in general terms, that the guns lost by field- bat- teries belonging to your division, were but a very small portion of the whole number lost at Gaines' Mill. "Faithfully yours, " WM. E. BAEEY." With respect to the guns lost at "Nelson's Farm," or " New Market cross roads," it is a notorious fact, that after Eandall's battery was taken by the enemy and retaken by my men, but could not be removed for want of horses, forty odd horses lying dead around the battery, the guns lay upon tl^^round outside of the rebel lines until after sun- rise next day, when the army ha"nng moved on to Malvern, they fell i«ito the hands of the enemy's advanced skir- mishers. As I have it from indisputable authority, that EandaU applied to General Seintzelman, after night, for 296 HISTOET OF THE PES2TSYLVANIA EESEEYES. men to drag his guns off tlie ground, and was refused men by that officer, on the ground that it would bring on a renewal of the battle, I feel justified in asserting, that these guns were abandoned by McClellan's army, not lost by me. As regards Porter's German battery left behind that day, by whose order I know not, and by me assigned a position, they Gould not have been included by General McClellan in the twenty-one lost by the giving way of McCall's division under the onset of superior numbers, for it is in evidence, that they did not wait the onset; Major Eoy Stone, com- manding the Bucktail regiment of my division, asserting in his report to me : " This advance of the enemy might have been checked by the Dutch battery belonging to Porter's corps, and temporarily with your division that day, but it was deserted by its gunners at the first appearance of the enemy." Some of these guns, however, were brought off. Now, I think I have established the following points : Eirst : That my division was attacked about three o'clock, in the afternoon of the 30th of June, not about five, as reported by General McClellan. Secondly : The troops did not give way in less than an hour, as fl,bove reported, but fought till nightfall. Thirdly: That the ISTew Jersey brigade was not, late in the day, sent to occupy a portion of McCaU's deserted posi- tion, but was sent to the relief of General Kearney, who had called for aid. Fourthly: That General McClellan's report to the presi- dent, that he had lost but twenty-five guns on the field of battle, twenty-one of which were lost by the giving way of McCall's division, under the onset of " superior numbers," is not in accordance with facts. The statements I have here made are the record, in part, of the operations of my division in the PenidBla, weU~ known to General Meade or to the colonels and other officers of my division, and can be proved before any mili- tary tribunal in the country. Yours, truly, GEO. A. McCALL. NEW MARKET CROSS ROADS. 297 In addition to all this, tlie tMnned ranks of the living, and the fearful numbers of the wounded and dead, give still more terrible evidence, that the Pennsylvania Eeserve Corps sustained a fierce conflict with the enemy, on the 30th of June, which must have raged for several hours. Out of a force of less than seven thousand, nearly twelve hundred were killed or wounded, and four hundred were captured, making a loss of twenty -five per cent, of the troops engaged. 298 HISTORY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA RESERVES. CHAPTER Vni. PENINSULAR CAMPAIGN — ^MALVERN HILL — HARRISON'S LANDING. . Battle at Turkey bridge — Withdrawal of troops to Malvern hill- Noble efforts to save the wounded — Line of battle on Malvem hill— The battle — Retreat to Harrison'slanding — March of the Reserves — Situation at Harrison's landing — Casualties in the Reserve Corps — Reorganization — Labors of the surgeons — Promotion of ofiicers — Colonel McCandless — Fisher— Riclietts — Sinclair— Harvey — Hays — Jackson — Anderson — Taggart — Hardin — Donations of delicacies and vegetables— Mrs. Harris — Prof. Keyinski — Return of prisoners from Richmond — Their recep- tion — McCall at home ; sword presentation at West ' Chester — Resig- nation — General Reynolds assumes command of Reserves — President Lincoln and General Halleck visit the army — General Pope assigned to the army of Virginia — His mission — McClellan ordered to withdraw from the Peninsula — Tardy obedience — Critical situation of the armies — General Hooker's reconnoissance to Malvem hUl — End of Peninsular campaign. General Fitz Jolin Porter having been misled on the night of the 29th of June, did not reach Malvern hUl until nine o'clock on the following morning. He then placed his troops in a position to command all the roads leading from Eichmond and the Chickahominy swamps, to the James river, converging at Turkey bridge. Through the com- mand thus posted, the supply trains and the reserve artil- lery passed in safety to the river behind Malvern hill. The splendid artillery was picturesquely placed on the hill, formed in fan shape at the salient points, and its sup- ports were disposed in admirable cover _ in the hollows between the undulations of the bluffs. Some of the power- ful batteries of seige guns were posted in the centre so as to sweep the plain towards Eichmond. At four o'clock in the afternoon of the 30th of June, the PENINSULAR GAMPAiaN'. 299 rear of the immense supply train had passed Charles City cross-roads, and soon, the last wagon arrived in camp at Haxall's landing. The furious battle raging in front of General McCall's division gradually expanded, and extend- ing towards the left, the shock was felt by Porter's troops at Turkey bridge, and at Malvern hill at about five o'clock. Finding that he could not pierce the centre on the New Market road. General Lee attempted to turn the left at Malvern hill. He planted his artillery under cover of a skirt of timber in front of General Porter's position. Under fire of these batteries he pushed forward a body of infantry to attack a point held by Colonel Warren's brigade. The discharge of artillery was very heavy, and though a con- centrated fire of about thirty guns was opened on the enemy, his forces coolly braved the storm of shot and shell, and vigorously attacked the hill. The gunboats. Galena and Aroostook, took a position at the head of Turkey island and opening their ports plunged their awful metal into the woods among the rebel masses. As the sun settled down behind the forests, the artillery firing became heavier and more powerful. The missiles of the enemy plowed and tore through the fields and blufis on Malvern hill, and the terrific concussion of the great guns on the boats in the river, and the explosion of the huge shells they sent tearing and- crashing through the forest, made the earth quiver, and filled all present with awe. At last the terror of the artil- lery fire and the deep darkness that covered the scene put an end to the conflict. The enemy withdrew and sullenly sat himself down to watch his prey. Late in the afternoon General Franklin withdrew from "White Oak creek bridge, and marched slowly towards the James. Other divisions along the line were ordered to follow Franklin's corps, and before midnight, all the troops north of the New Market cross-roads were in motion towards Malvern hill. Early in the evening. General McClellan, who had all day been, on the James, heard of the withdrawal of Franklin, and sent out one of his aids to learn the situa- 300 HISTORY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA RESERVES. tion in the front. The messenger had not gone fer before he met two officers despatched from General Franklin to headquarters with the report,, that he was falling back. Orders were then sent to General Sumner and General Heintzelman to retire their commands to Malvern hill. At midnight, General Seymour commenced the withdrawal of the Eeserve Corps. He directed that the wounded should be left behind, and that the regiments should retire with as little noise and confusion as possible. The men felt incensed at the order to abandon their wounded comrades to the cruel- ties of the enemy ; many of the soldiers stole away under cover of darkness, and went to the hospitals to search out and carry away their suffering companions. Captain Hen- derson of the Seventh regiment made diligent and successful efforts to remove the wounded men of that regiment. Lieu- tenants Harvey and Laycock of the same regiment assisted Colonel Harvey, and Lieutenant Watmough of Meade's staff, to escape to the river ; both of these officers were wounded and in the hospital, and but for the humane conduct of their fellow officers, would have fallen into the hands of the enemy. Many noble men that night, who were wearied, jaded, hungry, and thirsty, did not leave their unfortunate comrades in arms, without an effort to deliver them from the dreadful fate that threatened them. Some succeeded, but most of the efforts failed ; yet the self-sacrificing spirit, evinced under the most trying circumstances, demonstrated, that the soldiers in the Reserve Corps were as affectionate and humane, as they were patriotic and brave. Late in the night of the 80th, General McClellan came up from the James river, and remained at General Porter's headquarters on Malvern hill until twelve o'clock. When he then learned that the enemy' had been repulsed on the New Market road, and lliat Franklin, and the troops on the road were retiring towards Malvern hill, he returned to the river at Haxall's landing, and sent General A. A. Hum- phreys, chief of topographical engineers, to Malvern hill, with orders to receive the troops as they arrived, and post PEKIISrSULAE CAMPAIGN'. 301 them in line of battle on the hill. General Humphrey's proceeded at once to the hill, and reconnoitred the grounds in order to place the army in a position to defend itself against the pursuing enemy. Soon after three o'clock in the morning, he met General Barnard, chief engineer on McClellan's staff, who had also been ordered to post the troops, and was at that hour engaged in the examination of the grounds. The two ofiicers joined their efforts, and before daylight, had succeeded in constructing a Hne of defence. The line of battle was so formed, that the left and centre rested on Malvern hill, and the right curved backwards through a wooded country towards a point below Haxall's, on James river. Malvern hill is an elevated plateau about a mUe and a half by three-fourths of a mile in area, well cleared of timber, and with several converging roads cross- ing it. In front are numerous defensible ravines, and the grounds slope gradually toward the north and east to the woodland, giving clear ranges for artillery in those direc- tions. Towards the northwest, the plateau falls oft' more abruptly into a ravine, which extends to the James river. From the position of the enemy his most obvious lines of attack would come &om the direction of Eichmond and White Oak swamp, and would' almost of necessity strike upon the left wing. Here, therefore, the lines were strengthened by massing the troops and collecting the prin- cipal part of the artillery. Porter's corps held the left of the line, formed with Sykes' division on the left, Morell's on the right with the artillery of the two divisions advan- tageously posted, and the artillery of the reserve so disposed on the high ground that a concentrated fire of some sixty guns could be brought to bear on any point in his front or left. Colonel Tyler also had, with great exertion, succeeded in getting ten of his siege guns in position on the highest point of the hill. Couch's division was placed on the right of Porter ; next came Kearney and Hooker; next Sedgwick and Kichardson; 302 HISTORT OF THE PENNSyLVANIA EESEEVES. next Smitli and Slocum ; then the remainder of Keyes' corps, extending "by a backward curve nearly to the river. The Pennsylvania Eeserve Corps, which had been on the most severe duty since the 26th of June, having fought three battles, and performed the most fatiguing night marches, was now, properly, held in reserve, stationed behind Porter's and Couch's troops. One brigade of Porter's corps was thrown to the left on the low ground to protect , that flank from any movement direct from the Richmond road. The line was very strong along the whole front of the bpen plateau, but from thence to the extreme right the troops were more deployed. The right was rendered as secure as possible by slashing the timber and by barrica- ding the roads. Commodore Eodgers, commanding the flotilla on James river, placed his gunboats so as to protect the flank, and to command the approaches from Richmond. The enemy appeared in front of this line soon after nine o'clock, ia the morning of the 1st of July, and commenced feeling the strength of the troops in position. About two o'clock, a column of the enemy was observed moving towards the right, within the skirt of woods ia front of Heintzehnan's corps, but beyoimd the range of his artil- lery. Arrangements were at once made to meet the antici- pated attack in that quarter, but, though the column was long, occupying more than two hours in passing, it disap- peared, and was not again heard of. About three o'clock, a heavy fire of artillery opened on Kearney's left and Couch's division, speedily followed up by a brisk attack of infantry on Couch's front. The artil- lery of these two divisions returned the fire with good effect ; the infantry remained lying on the ground until the advancing column was within short musket range, when the men sprung to their feet and poured in a deadly volley which entirely broke the attacking force and drove it in disorder back over the ground. This advantage was fol- lowed, up until the right of the line had advanced some seven or eight hundi-ed yards, and rested upon a thick MALVERN HILL. 303 clump of trees, giving it a stronger position and a better fire. The battle bad lasted but an bour, wben tbe firing ceased along the whole front, but the enemy evinced no disposition to withdraw from the field. There was quiet during two hours. But at six o'clock, the enemy suddenly opened upon Couch and Porter with the whole strength of his artillery, and at the same time began pushing forward his columns of attack to carry the hill. Brigade after brigade formed under cover of the woods, started at a run to cross the open space and charge the batteries, but the heavy fire of the guns, with the rapid and steady volleys from the infantry, in every case sent them reeling back to their shelter, and covered the ground with their dead and wounded. In several instances the infantry withheld their fire until the attacking column, which rushed through the storm of can- ister and shell from the artillery, had reached within a few yards of their lines. They then poured in a single volley, and dashed forward with the bayonet) capturing prisoners and colors, and driving the routed columns in confusion from the field. Before an hour had passed, many of the troops had already exhausted their ammunition, and had been relieved by fresh regiments. General Meagher and General Sickles had moved forward their brigades to relieve Porter's and Couch's troops. Batteries from the splendid reserve artil- lery, which McCall's division had guarded in safety to Malvern hill, replaced the batteries in their front, and the thunder of artillery, mingled with the louder peals from the massive metal on the gunboats was incessant. The enemy persisted in his desperate efforts to carry the position until after dark, but his repeated attacks were repulsed with great slaughter. Finally, broken and defeated, he was compelled to withdraw from the front, and beyond the range of the gunboats. As soon as the battle was ended, General McClellan com- menced the withdrawal of his army to Harrison's landing. 804 HISTORY OF THE PEN-NSYLVANIA EESEEVES. A Confederate officer reporting the battle of Malvern hill, says : " About half-past four, our troops reached the vicinity of the well-known farm of D. Carter, known as Malvern hill. Here General McClellan had. again drawn up his army to re-open the fight. General Magruder no sooner saw the enemy's position than he once more led- his men to the attack. His columns advanced in magnificent order over the space that separated them from the foe, and stormed the intrenched position. But a murderous hail of grape received the brave fellows and mowed them down, until finally the fragments of these splendid divisions were' compelled to seek the shelter of the woods. Again Gen- erals Smith, Anderson, and Holmes led on their troops, but suddenly missiles of monstrous dimensions tore down whole ranks of our soldiers, and caused the most appalling damage. This was the fire of the fleet, which, although two and a half miles distant, now took part in the contest. Our men still rushed forward with desperate courage against the hostile position, and Malvern hill was attacked on all sides. McClellan defended himself courageously, and it was twelve o'clock at night ere he evacuated this position, which both nature and art had made a strong one. The heroic daring and energy of our troops had overcome all obstacles. The battle of the seventh day will live forever in the memory of the people as the battle of Malvern hill. No- where, in all the actions fought around Richmond, was the contest confined within so small a space, and there was added to it the fire of the monster guns on board the enemy's ships. It was terrible to see those two hundred and sixty-eight pound shell crashing through the woods, and when one exploded it was as though the globe had burst. Never, in any war since the world began, were missiles of such magnitude before used. The battle of Malvern hiU will be a monument for that people, testifying to the determined will and resolution with which it con- tended for its independence as a nation, and the indomi- table firmness of its vow to conquer or to die. MALTEBN HILL. 303 At Harrison's landing, wiiere the James river forms a curve, General McClellan collected his shattered army under the guns of the Federal fleet. But on our side we had no longer an army to molest him." General McClellan says in his report : " Although the result of the battle of Malvern was a complete victory, it was, nevertheless, necessary to fall back still further, in order to reach a point where our supplies could be brought to us with certainty. As before stated, in the opinion of Captain Rodgers, commanding the gunboat flotilla, this could only be done below City Point; concurring in his opinion,. I selected Harrison's bar as the new position of the army. The exhaustion of our supplies of food, forage, and ammunition, made it imperative to reach the transports immediately." The -battle of Malvern hill, beyond doubt, terminated in a complete victory for the National army over the Con- federates. The rebel army had not only been repulsed, but it had also been broken into fragments and routed. It was believed and asserted, at the close of the engagement, by some of the ablest generals in the United States army, that twenty thousand troops could take Richmond. General McClellan, however, had determined to withdraw his army to Harrison's bar, and the battle of the 1st of July had been fought solely for the purpose of holding in check the rebel army, until the trains and materiel of the army of the Poto- mac could pass in safety to the James river. Whether the battle, therefore, had terminated in victory like those at Mechanicsville, Savage Station, and New Market cross-roads, 3r in defeat, like the battle of Gaines' mill, the final result would have been the same ; it had been predetermined that the army should retire to Harrison's landing. "When the order to retreat was promulgated to the vic- torious army on Malvern hill, on the night of the 1st- of July, shame, deep sorrow, and patriotic indignation filled the' hearts of many of the brave officers and men. Some demanded that the army be led on to Richmond ; a major-' 20 806 HISTORY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA KESEBVE3. general exclaimed,: "We ouglit rather to pursue the defeated foe than to be shamefully flying frorii him.'^ Gene ral Philip Kearney, who had for twenty-five years been a soldier in the United States army, and who had seen more field service than any of his associate ofBcers, having served during two wars in the French army, was moved to the verge of insubordination. Surrounded by a group of gene- ral oficers, to whom McCleUan's order was read, this gallant soldier exclaimed : -' "I, Philip Kearney, an old soldier, enter my solemn pro- test against this order for retreat. We ought, instead of retreating, to foUow up the enemy and take Eichmond. And, in full view of aU the responsibility of such a declara- tion, I say to you all, such an order can only be prompted by cowardice or treason." Notwithstanding the feelings of the subordinate of&cers, in obedience to the order of the commanding general, the army of the Potomac retreated to Harrison's landing. The troops, by divisions, withdrew in order from their position, and marched down the river. A drenching rain set in, and the roads soon became deep and heavy with mud, and hence^ though the retreat was commenced on Wednesday morning, the 2d of July, the rear guard did not arrive in camp at Harrison's landing, until Thursday night. The enemy, who had been so severely beaten in the battle, did not attempt to pursue ; the withdrawal was therefore accomplished with- out loss. The Pennsylvania Eeserves were not called into action on Tuesday at Malvern hill ; the enemy's shells fell in their camp and exploded among the men but without doing much injury. The Eeserve regiments broke camp on Malvern hiU, just before midnight on the 1st of July, and took up the march towards Harrison's landing. Though the night was exceed- ingly dark, the road was well lighted up by numerous fires, that were kept continually burning by the guards stationed on the wayside. At daybreak a, short halt was ordered; the troops rested and refreshed themselves from their scanty HAEEISOlf'S LANDING. 307 supplies, and tten resuming their march, moved on through the woods until they crossed Herring run, and debouched on the open plain at Harrison's landing. Several of the regiments were ordered to encamp in a bQautiful field of oats, nearly ripe for the reaper; the heavy rain and the con- tinual tramp of the troops soon transformed the sUvery freshness of the waving grain into a plaia of mud. The whole dividon was, during the afternoon of the second ordered to encamp in a dense pine thicket. The men cut boughs and constructed huts and shelters to protect them- selves from the storm. As soon as the army had arrived at Harrison's landing, the work of fortifying was commenced, and the worn and exhausted soldier was again called upon to handle the spade, and days of drenching rain or scorching sun, and cool damp nights were spent in the trenches. In a short time, eight miles of intrenchments were thrown up, roads were con- structed, bridges were built, and the position put in a proper condition for defense. The new position selected by General McCleUan consisted of a strip of land on the northern bank of the James river, five miles in length, and protected by a swamp on the northeast border. The addition of the earth- works thrown up made the position secure against attack, as the enemy had been so severely dealt with in his previous encounters, that he was no longer able to assail with hope of success, a strong position defended by the army of the Potomac!. In a letter addressed to President Lincoln and dated at "Harrison's bar," July 4th, 1862, General McCleUan said: "We now occupy a line of heights, about two miles from the James, a plain extending from there to the river ; our front is about three miles long ; these heights command our whole position, and must be maintained. The gunboats- can render valuable support upon both flanks. If the enemy attack us in front we must hold our ground as we best may, and at whatever cost. "Our positions can be carried only by overwhelming HISTOEY OP' THE PENNSTLVABTUt BESEETE3. DuAibers. The spirit of tlie army is excellent; strag^era' are finding their regiments, and the soldiers exhibit the best Results of discipline. Our position is by no means impreg- nable, especially as a morass extends on this side of the high ground from our centre to the James on our right. The enemy may aittack in vast numbers, and if so, our front will be the scene of a desperate battle, which, if lost, will be decisive. Our army is fearfully weakened by killed, W-ounded and prisoners." » On the 4th of July, General McClellan issued an order to his troops, in which he bestowed upon" them that praise for heroism and endurance, which they so richly deserved, and which will continue through all time to be awarded to the noble patriots, whose deeds of undying glory saved the nation, and made the misfortune of having belonged to the army on the Peninsula, a title to the most distinguished honor. The rebels granted to the army at Harrison's landidg undisturbed repose until the night of the 31st of July, when their hostile presence was again exhibited by a fierce attack with artillery from the south bank of the James. The enemy had transferred a considerable body of troops to the south bank of the river, and in the darkness of night, had marched down to a point opposite the position occupied by the National army. The rebel batteries fired several hundred shells and solid shot into the camps, and among the shipping on the river, but such was the inaccuracy of their aim, that the fire was harmless. In less than half an hour, the batteries at Harrison's landing werte trained on the enemy and he was soon silenced and driven from the field. The loss in the army on the Peninsula, in the battles fought during the change of base, commencing on the 25th of June and ending on the 1st of July, was fifteen thousand two hundred and forty-nine men. Of these one thousand five hundred and eighty-two were killed, seven thousand seven hundred and nine were wounded, and five thousand nine hundred and fifty-eight were missing. Many of the latter class, who were reported "missing in action," had been HARBISON'S LAUDING. 309 severely wouiided and died ia the woods; otliers peristed in the swamps apart from their comrades. The Pennsylvania Reserve corps, which, in comparative numbers, constituted about one-fiftaenth of the available force on the Peninsula, lost three thousand one hundred and eighty men, or more than one-fifth of the loss sustained by the army. Their casualties numbered threft hundred and ten kOed, one thousand three hundred and forty wounded, and one thousand five hundred and eighty-one missing. Among the kUled, wounded, and prisoners, were some of the most efficient officers and bravest men in the corps. In the First regiment. Captain George H. Hess and Lieutenant Joseph Stuart were killed ; Lieutenant-colonel H. M. Mclntire, Adjutant "W. W. Stewart, Captains J. F. Baily and "William C. Talley, Lieutenants W. T. McPhail, J. T. McCord and L H. Graham were wounded, and over two hundred privates were either killed, wounded, or taken prisoners. In the Second regiment Lieutenants J. Baxter Fletcher and James R. Nightingale were killed ; Major George A- Woodward, Captains J. Orr Finnic, Horace Neide and P. I. Smith, and Lieutenants Daniel H. Connors, Hugh P. Ken- nedy and John B. Robinson were wounded ; and one hundred ^,nd seventy-nine men were killed, wounded, or missing. Surgeon Edward Donnelly of the Second regiment, gener- ously volunteered to remain in charge of the wounded in the hospitals oh the battle field of New Market cross-roads, and when the enemy advanced he became a prisoner of war. In the Third regiment. Captains H. Clay Beatty and WiUiam Brian, Lieutenants I. B. Roberts, George C. Daven- port, D. W. Donaghy and I. Lehman were wounded; Major Richard H. Wool worth of this regiment was on detached duty, acting as lieutenant-colqnel in the Fourth regiment, and was severely wounded at the battle of New Market cross-roads. Doctor James Collins, surgeon of the Third, too noble to abandon his brave cornpanions to the cruelties of rebel surgeons, without attempting to relieve the sufferings of the woimded, first labored energetically to remove a large 310 HISTORY OF THK PENNSYLVANIA EESEEVES. number of them to tlie rear, beyond tbe reach of the enemy, and when no more could be saved from capture, the faithful surgeon surrendered himself a prisoner, and continued' in charge of the wounded on the New Market road, until they were removed to Eichmond. The casualties in the Third regiment numbered one hundred and eighty-seven. In the battle of Gain*' mill, and again at New Market cross-roads, Colonel Sickel had his horse shot under him and narrowly escaped with his life, but in both cases he continued to lead on his regiment till the end of the battle. In the Fourth regiment, Kichard H. "Woolworth, acting lieutenant-colonel, Major John Nyce, Captains Frederick A. Conrad, William C. Besselieve, Francis H. Burger, Thomas F. B. Tapper and Elisha B. Gates, and Lieutenants James St. John, James N. Blundin, George W. Busser, and John C. Chance were wounded ; and over two hundred men were numbered in the list of casualties. In the Fifth regiment, first of all, the officers and men mourned the loss of their gallant colonel, the noble Simmons, who fell fighting in the thickest of the battle. Captains James Taggart, Thomas Chamberlin and John McCleary and Lieutenants J. C. Eiddle, Theodore H. McFadden, and Charles M. Hildebrand were severely wounded, and' two hundred and seventy privates were placed liors du combat. In the Seventh Eegiment, Colonel Elisha J3. Harvey was severely injured by the explosion of a shell and the fall of his horse. Captains E. M. Henderson, E. G. Lantz, W. "W. "White, and Samuel B. King, and Lieutenants Levi G. McCauley and G. L. Zug were wounded ; and nearly three hundred men were killed, wounded, or captured. In the Eighth regiment. Major S. M. Bailey, Captains E. E. Johnson, G. S. Gallup, Alexander Wishart, John Eichel- burger and C. L. Conner, and Lieutenants "William M. Carter, H. MoQuilken, Jefferson Bradford, E. Eichelberger, G. "W. Miller and L. B. "Walts were wounded. The loss in killed, wounded and missing in this regiment, numbered two hundred and thirty. haeeison's landing. 311 In the Ninfli Eegiment, Lieutenant James P. Beatty was killed; Adjutant T. Brent Swearingen, Captains Charles Barnes and John Cuthbertson, and Lieutenants J. P. Kh^- Patrick, J. K. "Barbour, William H. Hope, John S. Hunter, and Jacob S. Winans were wounded ; two hundred and eight men were either killed, wounded or taken prisoners. In the Tenth regiment. Adjutant 0. H. Gafther, Captain Thomas McConnell, Lieutenants James L. "Wray, Valentina Phipps, John L. Moore and P. E. Shipler were wounded ; the casualties among the private soldiers exceeded two hundred. The Eleventh regiment was captured at Gaines' mil!. Colonel Gallagher, nearly all of his officers, and about six hundred men were made prisoners. One hundred and six men in command of Captain D. S." Porter and Lieutenants Hannibal F. Sloan, Archibald W. Stewart and James H. Mills, who escaped capture, entered the battle of New Market cross-roads, and lost in killed, wounded and missing, thirty-four of their number. In the Twelfth Eegiment, Lieutenant William W. Arnold was killed in battle at New Market cross-roads; Captains A. G. Oliver, Franklin Daniels, and Thomas D. Horn, and Lieutenant W. H. Kern were wounded. The number of kiUed, wounded, and prisoners in this regiment did not exceed one hundred and fifty. The Bucktail regiment entered the Peninsula campaign with six companies, numbering in the aggregate four hundred and fifty-six men. Four hundred men went into the battle of MechanicsviEe, on the 26th of June, and on the 1st of July, at the battle of Malvern hill, one huudred and seventy men was all that remained of the six companies. Captain Philip HoUand, a most noble officer, was killed while rallying his men in the battle of New Market cross-roads ; Adjutant W. E. Hartshorn was wounded ; and Captain Alanson B. Niles, Lieutenants Lucius Truman and Samuel A. Mack, and Cap- tain Edward A. Irvin and the officers and men of his com- pany were taken prisoners at Mechanicsville. 812 HISTORY OF THE PENKSYLVANIA EESEBVE3. The batteries of artillery attached to McCall's division Buffered heavy loss. Captain Hezekiah Easton, command- iug battery A, was killed at Gaines' mill, and Lieutenant Wniiam Stett of the same company was wounded; this battery also lost nearly all of its horses, and half of its guns in the battle of Gaines' mills. In Captain Cooper's battery. Lieutenants Thomas Cadwallader and Henry S. Danforth were killed; eighteen non-commissioned officers and privates were killed, and in the battle of New Market cross-roads, sixty -one horses were disabled by the fire of the enemy ; this battery, with other artillery on the field, was abandoned by order of the superior officers command- ing in the absence of General McClellan. De Hart's regular battery was completely, demolished at Gaines' mill, and Eandall's was broken and destroyed, and afterwards aban- doned on the field at ISTew Market cross-roads. In Kern's battery, company G, Captain Mark R Kern, was wounded at Gaines' mill, seven of his men were killed and eleven were wounded ; ten horses were killed and two guns with equipments were captured. The Sixth regiment commanded by Lieutenant-colonel H. B. McKean, had been stationed at Tunstall's, on the 15.th ■of June, and remained on guard until the 28th, when Gene- ral Stoneman ordered it to march to "White House, and embark on the transports for the James river. On the same day all the stores, materials and transports on the Pamunkey were removed, and the post at the White House was abandoned. The Sixth regiment arrived at Harrison's landing on the 1st of July, and on the following day, joined the division. The consolidated morning report for the 6th of July shows, that of the ten thousand effective men, who entered the Peninsula, less than seven thousand reached Harrison's landing in safety, of the four general officers, but one remained ; seven general staff officers, eight field offi- cers, five regimental staff officers, and eighty-one company officers were among the killed, wounded, and missing. Nearly one-third of the commissioned officers of the divi- habrison's landing. 313 sion ■were, therefore, placed hors du combat, during the seven days of battle in front of Eicliniond. The casualties among the privates were about in the same proportion. The battle of "Waterloo, one of the severest conflicts of modern times, affords no parallel to this reduction of fighting force in the Pennsylvania Eeserve Corps, in its march from Mechanics- ville to Harrison's landing. Many of the officers and men, who reached the James river in safety, were soon prostrated from exhaustion, and by disease, to which their over-taxed systems became an easy prey. Large numbers were sent to the hospitals, many of whom died ; of the of&cers, many were sent home on leave of absence to regain their strength. Some were unable to return again to their commands, but were compelled to resign their commissions. Of these some have since died, and qthers will, to their latest days, live in pain and misery. Because of the large number of casualties, it was neces- sary to reorganize the division, and provide officers for brigades, regiments, and companies. Colonel Eoberts of the First regiment went home on leave of absence to recover his health ; in his absence Colonel Hays of the Eighth, who was the ranking officer present, commanded the First brig- ade ; but on account of ill health, he was unable to discharge the duties of brigade commander, and therefore, turned over the command to Colonel McNeil of the Bucktail regiment, who, having recovered his health, rejoined his regiment at Harrison's landing. Colonel Magilton of the Fourth regi- ment commanded the Second, and Colonel Jackson of the Ninth commanded the Third brigade. The medical- department of the Eeserve Corps was put to the severest test. The patients were numbered by thousands; wounded, sick, and dying men demanded all the facilities and energies of the profession. Not only was professional skill required, but a self-sacrificing and patri- otic devotion to the cause of humanity was needed to sustain the exhausted energies, and urge the overworked surgeons to supernatural exertions, in their daily and nightly rounds 314 HISTORY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA EESEEVES. of duty. There was no division in tlie army more fortunate in tte selection of its medical, men, than was this corps. The law under which the Eeserve regiments were organ- ized, required that all surgeons and assistant-surgeons, "now or hereafter appointed," should be first examined by the sur- geon-general and a "board of surgeons," not exceeding three, and that the qualifications and fitness of all surgeons, and applicants for appointment as such, should be reported to the governor in writing. A board of examiners was organized, consisting of Division Surgeon James King of Pittsburg, together with Dr. George Dock of Harrisburg, and Dr. D. Hayes Agnew of Philadelphia, and was ordered to meet in Harrisburg,. on the 29th of May, and arrange the system of examinations. Permits to appear before the Board were sent to two hundred and twenty -three appli- cants, whose applications for appointment were in the hands of Governor Curtin. Out of two hundred and twenty- three, only sixty presented themselves. Of these, five withdrew after the morning session, without completing their examination. Out of the sixty examined, the names of eighteen were returned to the Governor as qualified for the duties of sur- geons, fifteen of whom were subsequently assigned, in the order of merit, to the Pennsylvania Reserve Corps ; of the others, thirty-one were reported as qualified for the post of assistant-surgeon, fifteen of whom were also subsequently assigned to the Reserve Corps, and nine were returned as unqualified for either post; these latter, with the four that withdrew, making nearly twenty-five per cent, of those present who were regarded by the Board as unqualified for appointment. During the existence of the camps of the Reserve Corps at Pittsburg, Harrisburg, Easton, and West Chester, they were frequently visited by Surgeon-General Smith, and the medical ofi&cers were carefully instructed and exercised- in their camp duties. Hospitals were bmlt and furnished with all that was requisite for the comfort and welfare of the sick haeeison's landing. 315 soldiers. Surgeon-General Smith says in his report; "In these arrangements, the department received much assist- ance, and many valuable contributions from the citizens of the to\ms of Pittsburg, Harrisburg, Easton, "West Chester, and Philadelphia, and especially from the ladies in these neighborhoods, many of whom indicated a devotion and interest only equalled by that of mothers and sisters. Extra clothing, articles of sict diet and luxuries, all showed their patriotism and interest in the comfort of the troops." At an early period, in these encampments, active steps were taken by the department to secure the troops against the small-pox. Of the Reserve Corps, nearly twelve thou- sand were vaccinated or revaccinated before the regiments left the State. Many of these surgeons and assistant-surgeons were early promoted, and some have risen to the highest places in the medical department of the State and in the field. In many instances the chaplains of the regiments were unceasing in their labors for the comfort of the sick and wounded ; in body and spirit, they followed in the wake of the surgeons, working and praying continually, for the recovery of the afflicted. They stood like guardian angels over the bodies of the dying, receiving their last words and messages to the dear ones at home, and spiritually encour- aging them until the soul, released from" the body, would take its flight to heaven. In the Seventh regiment, the chaplain, Eev. Thomas P. Hunt, and the sutler, Dr. M. Steck, were educated physicians and experienced prac- titioners; they rendered valuable service in their profes- sional attention to the men of the regiment, and were rewarded with the gratitude and affections of the generous soldiers who suffered on the Peninsula. On the 10th of July, Lieutenant-colonel McCandless, of the Second regiment, received his commission as colonel, to date from the 1st of November, 1861, the day on which he had been elected to the colonelcy by the regiment. The commission had been withheld, because of a^ doubt enter- 316 HISTORY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA EESEEVBS. tained by the Secretary of War, as to whetlier the Second^ regiment was entitled to a colonel. In August, 1861, when the regiment arrived at Sandy Hook, the men were required to be resworn into the service, and a dispute arose between Fitz John Porter, the mustering officer in Banks'' command, and the men of the Second regiment, which resulted in the disbanding of four companies; subsequently Captain Patrick MoDonough recruited company B, and returned to, the regi- ment. In April, 1862, Captain John M. Clark's company of Pennsylvanians, which had been temporarily attached to the First District of Columbia regiment, was ordered to join the Second and became company F;' on the 10th of July, Captain William D. Keitzel, joined the regi- ment at Harrison's landing with company Gr, which had been recruited in Lancaster and Philadelphia. This addition increased the number of companies in the regiment to nine, and entitled it to a full complement of regimental officers. Lieutenant-colonel J. W. Fisher was promoted to the colonelcy of the Fifth regiment, to fiU the vacancy caused bv the death of Colonel Simmons. Joseph Washington Fisher was born on the 16th of Octo- ber, 1814, in Northumberland county, Pennsylvania ; was raised on a farm, and educated in the public schools of his native county. In 1840, he removed to Lancaster county and settled in the borough of Columbia. There he read law, and was admitted to practice at the Lancaster bar in 1855. When the war broke out, in 1861, Mr. Fisher enlisted as a private in a company recruited by Captain Welsh, and inarched with the company to Harrisburg, under the call for seventy-five thousand troops to serve for three months ; while the company was encamped at Harrisburg, the Secre- tary of the Comnionwealth, Honorable Eli Slifer, advised Mk. Fisher to return home and recruit another company for the three months service. Acting on this suggestion, he procured a discharge from Captain Welsh's company and returned to Columbia, where he recruited a, company called the " Cook- man Eangers." He again enlisted as a private, but upon haebison's landing. 317 the organization of tlie company was chosen by the men to be their captaia. The company marched to Harrisbiirg, where it arrived on the 5th of May, but the quota of the State having in the mean time been filled, Governor Curtin could not receive it into the service. Captain Fisher immediately applied to the Legislature, which was then sitting in extra session, and procured the passage of a joint resolution, admitting the "Codkman Eangers" into Camp Curtin. "When the Fifth regiment was organized, the company was incorporated as Company K, and Captain Fisher was promoted to the lieutenant-colonelcy. By his gallant and meritorious conduct in the Peninsular cam- paign, he won the confidence of his men and the respect of his superior officer j upon the death of Colonel Simmons, he was promoted to the colonelcy of the Fifth regiment. The Sixth regiment also underwent a change of com- manders, necessitated by the discharge and death of Colonel Eicketts. "William "Wallace Eicketts was born in Eohrsburg, Columbia county, Pennsylvania, on the 22d day of January, 1837. After a preparatory course of study at the "Wyoming Seminary, he entered "West Point Academy in June, 1855, and remained there until February, 1857. Shortly after leaving West Point, he commenced the study of medicine and graduated from the Philadelphia Medical College in March, 1860. The same year Dr. Eicketts began to practice his profession at Orangeville, in his native count}', with every prospect of a brilliant and successful career. When the call was made for volunteers in 1861, he threw down the scalpel and took up the sword. He entered with great heartiness and zeal into the contest, and recruited, organised, and led from Columbia county, the "Iron Guards," one of the best drilled companies which, up to that date, had reported itself at Harrisburg. He went to Harrisburg as Captain of the " Iron Guards," and upon the organization of the Sixth Pennsylvania Eeserve regiment, he was elected colonel. 818 mSTOEY OF THE PENNSTLVA2J1A EESEEVES, It was the misfortune of Colonel Eicketts never to have led his regiment in a fight. At the battle of Dranesville he ■was sick in his tent, and before the Eeserves marched to the Peninsula he was discharged the service for physical disa- bility. He went home, and lingered until the 10th of August, 1862, where he died at his father's house at Orange- ville, in Columbia County, of hemorrhage of the lungs. Colonel Eicketts possessed a most decided military genius; he had quick perception, aiad a facility in handling and commanding troops remarkable in one so young, and with no previous experience. He was a man of fine per- sonal appearance, was six feet in stature and well propor- tioned. When he entered the service he was in perfect health, and a glorious career seemed to open before him. He was, however, suddenly taken ill, supposed to have been poisoned by eating drugged oranges, the exposure in camp, rapidly reduced him to the verge of death, and reluctantly resigning his commission, he went home to die, an early victim of the basest treachery practised by the enemies of his country. Captain William Sinclair, commanding a battery of United States Artillery, was elected to the colonelcy of the Sixth regiment, in April, but did not report for duty until after the arrival of the regiment at Harrison's Landing. The Sixth regiment was then transferred from the Third to the First brigade, and the Eighth regiment was trans- ferred from the First to the Second brigade, and Colonel Sin- clair was ordered to assume command of the First brigade. The Eleventh regiment was transferred from the Second to the Third brigade. Early in the month of July, Colonel Harvey resigned his commission as colonel of the Seventh regiment, and Ifls resignation having been accepted by the Secretary of War, he took leave of his troops and returned to Pennsylvania. Elisha B. Harvey was a descendant of the Harvey and Nesbitt famihes of the Wyoming valley, who were con- spicuous victims in the "Wyoming Massacre." He was HABBISOiSr's LANDING. 319 bom in Harvey ville, Luzerne county, on tlie 1st of October, 1819. He was raised on a farm, until he reached the aa;e of twenty years, when he entered school, and in 1845, gradu- ated at the Wesleyan University at Middletown, Connec- ticut. Subsequently he studied law, and having been admitted to the bar, practised his profession in "WiLkesbarre. When the Southern traitors commenced the rebellion in 1861, Mr. Harvey was invited, simultaneously, by two com- panies, to take command as captain ; one company had been recruited in his native village, and the other in WOkea- barre. Mr. Harvey immediately offered the services of both of these companies to Governor Curtin, under the first call for seventy -five thousand troops, but was informed that the quota was full, and that his companies could not be received After the passage of the act, creating tl^e Reserve Corps. Captain Harvey renewed his offer of service, and in reply, received orders to march with his command to Camp Wayne near West Chester. Upon the organization of the Seventh regiment, he was elected and commissioned colonel, and served at the head of his regiment with honor, until broken down in health by the severity of the service in the Penin- sular campaign, he resigned and was honorably discharged from the service of his country in the field. Colonel Hays, discovering his injuries, received in the battle of New Market cross-roads, to be more serious than he had at first supposed them to be, resigned his commission at Harrison's landing, and retired from the command of the Eighth regiment ; two years after the date of his resigna- tion, he still despaired of ever again fuUy recovering his strength. Lieutenant-colonel Oliphant of the Eighth regiment was taken down with a fever, and Major Bailey had been severely wounded at the battle of Gaines' mill ; the regi- ment was therefore left without a field officer to command it ; Captain Lemon of company H, being the senior officer, assumed command. Lieutenant Blake of this company soon resigned on account of disability, and company H, being 320 HISTORY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA EESEBVE3. without a commissioned officer, passed into the command of Sergeant Cue. Colonel Conrad F. Jackson of the Ninth regiment, was promoted to a brigadier-generalship and commissioned to date from the 17th of July, and on the same day, Lieutenant- colonel Eobert Anderson was promoted to the colonelcy made vacant by the promotion of Colonel Jackson. Colonel John H. Taggart, commanding the Twelfth regi- ment, resigned his commission on the 8th of July, 1862, and returned to private life. When the Government adopted the policy of recruiting negro regiments, Colonel Taggart was appointed principal of the "Free Military School," established in Philadelphia by philanthropic citizens, for the 'education of officers for the command of colored troops. Lieutenant-colonel Hardin was promoted to fill the vacancy in the Twelfth regiment. Mattin D. Hardin, was bom at Jacksonville, in the State of Illinois, on the 26th of June, 1837. He was a descendant of a martial ancestry on both his father's and mother's side. His great grandfather was General John Hardin of Ken- tucky, who commanded a company of troops in Colonel Morgan's celebrated regiment of riflemen at the battle of Saratoga, and was present at the capture of the British army under General Burgoyne, on the 17th of October, 1777. He subsequently distinguished himself in the Indian wars, and finally fell a victim to their barbarous treachery, and was killed while negotiating a treaty of peace. The grandfather of Colonel Hardin, was General Martin t). Har- din, of Kentucky, who died in 1823. Colonel John J. Har- diu, whose mother was a member of the Logan family, celebrated in the history of the Indian wars in Kentucky, was the fe,ther of the subject of this State. He was a law- yer at Jacksonville, Illinois; entered the military service against the Indians under Black Hawk, was several times a member of the Illinois Legislature, and represented his district in the XXVIIIth Congress. When the United States declared war against Mexico, Mr. Hardin, aided by HARBISON'S LANDING. 321 the people of his State, orgartized a regiment of volunteers ; he was commissioned its colonel, and marched with his com- mand to the seat of war. At the battle of Buena Yista, on the 23d of February, 1847, Colonel Hardin fell at the head of . his regiment, while gallantly leading his troops in a charge. As a reward to his family, for the distinguished services rendered to his country by Colonel Hardin, the Stat.e of Illinois presented to his eldest son, Martin D. Hardin an elegant sword. The son, so honorably connected with the military his- tory of his country, entered the Academy at "West Point, as a cadet at large, in June, 1854, and graduated with honor in 1859. On the 1st of July, of the same year, he was bre- vetted a second lieutenant, and assigned to the Third regi- ment United States artillery. Lieutenant Hardin was one of the of&cers who accompanied the expedition of three hundred men up the Missouri river, and across the Eocky Mountains to Washington Territory. Soon after the ar- rival of the troops on the Pacific, he was placed in com- mand of Fort Umqua, on the coast of Oregon, and in May, 1861, was promoted to a first lieutenancy, and ordered to join his rtgiment at San Francisco, then about to sail for New York. During the winter of 1861, while stationed near Washington with his battery. Lieutenant Hardin made the acquaintance of the officers of the Pennsylvania Ee- serves, and when a vacancy occurred in the Twelfth regi- ment, he was elected to the lieutenant-colonelcy. The services of Lieutenant Hardin were, however, aeemed to be more valuable as an. artillery of&cer, and he was therefore retained in command of his battery, and accom- ' panied the army to Yorktown. A short time before the evacuation of that place by the enemy, he was taken seriously ill, and was sent to the hospital at Fortress Mon- roe, where, attended by Surgeon Cuyler, medical director of the post, he recovered sufficiently to be removed to the residence of his step-father. Chancellor Wadsworth, at Sara- toga Springs. As soon as he had recovered from his illness, 21 322 HISTORY OF THE PENSTSYLVANIA KESERVES. lie rejoined the army, and was placed on the staff of General Hunt, chief of artillery; in that position he participated in the battles in front of Eichmond, and when the army arrived at Harrison's Landing, he joined the Eeserves, and being promoted to the colonelcy, took command of the Twelftlr regiment. The arms and equipments of the regiments of the Eeserve Corps, as well as those of all others, were inspected, ex- changed, and renewed, so that the men were thoroughly armed, and properly equipped for active service. Their •clothing, which had been quite worn out, was replaced by new suits, and the veteran heroes were clad a,nd shod for a renewal of campaigns, and battles, and the severest toils of war. While the army rested at Harrison's landing, the patri- otic citizens of the North shipped vast quantities of dainties for the sick in the hospitals, and a great variety of vegeta- l)les for the soldiers in camp. The "Ladies' Aid Society" •of Philadelphia, an association organized. by the Christian ladies of that city in April, 1861, was the first to arrive with- supplies of jellies, fruits, vegetable, bandages, and medicines on the James river. The agent of this society, Mrs. Dr. John Harris, a noble woman, worthy of the highest praise, moved among the troops, in hospitals and in camps, as one possessed of divine virtue, so that even to touch the hem of her garment, seemed to. revive the dying soldier. In one day, as she stood on the large army wagons, she distributed sixty barrels of onions to the patriotic soldiers, who thronged around her, with outstretched hands, uplifted caps, and empty haversacks, to receive the precious gift. The hardest heart melted at the scene, and many manly cheeks were wet with tears. The weary and battle-scarred soldiers thought of their homes in the North, and as they turned away, whispered prayers of gratitude, and invoked heaven's blessings on their benefactress. The "Patriot Daughters" of Lancaster forwarded a large number of boxes and barrels, in charge of Prof. John B. haerison's landing. 323 Kevinsld, who proceeded witli his stores to Harrison's landing, and distributed them to the companies in the Eeserve regiments. An officer acknowleding the receipt of the supplies, says : " Could the 'Patriot Daughters' of Lan- caster have but ^en the countenances, and heard the grate- ful expressions, which fell from the lips of the survivors of the bloody conflicts before Eichmond, they would have been in some measure repaid for their generous offering." The Sanitary Commission and Eelief Societies from all the States, sent their agents to the army with supplies for the soldiers, and Grovernment transports, laden with these liberal donations from a generous public, were daily arriv- ing at the camp of the army, on the James. On the 8th of August the officers and privates, who had been captured in front of Eichmond, were exchanged and returned to the army. General McCall and General Eey- nolds, Colonel Gallagher, and all the officers and privates of the Eleventh regiment, and the other prisoners captured from the Eeserve Corps, rejoined their commands. When it became known among the regiments, that Generals MuCall and Eeynolds had arrived at the landing, the troops imme- diately assembled at the head-quarters of the division to receive their beloved commanders. General McCall briefly addressed the men, thanking them for the hearty reception they had given him, and expressed the hope, that he would soon be able again to lead them to battle and to victory. The officers and men crowded around their general, and many took Mm by the hand to welcome him back to the command of the division. The severity of the Peninsula campaign, and the close confinement in the rebel prison had so seriously impaired General McCall's health, that he was compelled to procure the medical care which his condition required, and to seek temporary relief from the exposure of camp life. With the approval of the Secretary of War, he therefore repaired to his home in Chester county. Soon after he arrived in Penn- sylvania, his friends presented him with a sword, in testi- S24 HISTORY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA RBSEEVES. mony of their appreciation of tile' distinguislied services ke had rendered, as commander of the Keserve Corps. Hon. John Hickman, who presented the testimonial in the name of the citizens of Chester county, in the. presence of a vast assemblage in West Chester, addressed General McCall as follows : General : — Your neighbors and friends, who have known you long and well, bid me, in their names, declare the high gratification they experience upon your safe return to their midst. Your worth as a citi- zen and your services as a soldier, they recognize and appreciate. It was no morbid ambition or selfish design that led you from the peaceful and plentiful home to the discomfort of the camp and dangers of the field. It was enough for you to be assured that our hallowed Union was imperilled ; that the cause of humanity was at stake ; that hberty required the aid of her votaries. You became a volunteer to serve and sufier ; not tardily,, but with alacrity ; not doubtingly, but with a holy faith. The love Vfiiich many a father and mother, now present, entertain for you, you will not believe, for you do not sufficiently value the favors you have rendered them. Their sons and kinsmen were intrusted to your guardian care ; you have led them nobly, and stories of your kind- ness and magnanimity have often reached their ears, and their hearts have gone out towards you as their lips quivered with your name You have been a father to the fatherless ; a sympathizer with the distressed ; faithful to the faithful ; a devotee of country ; therefore, they wait upon you, and demand that I shall attempt to express what they so deeply feel. Traitors would have us believe that you have jeoparded your life for negro equality in an Abolition war. They defame you and aU loyal men. It is " Sach stnff as madmen Tongue and brain not." Yon did not leave us for such an object or such a contest. You enlisted tinder the banner of the Sovereign of the world, which Mirabeau declared to be " Bight,^'' but which is truly God. You have fought the fight ; you have kept the faith ; the fight against crime, the faith in the justice of the equality of our race. The trials and sacrifices are for a Government ordained of Heaven, and which impious men have conspired to destroy. If our fathers are enshrined in our afiections for establishing our institutions, we will hold in everlasting remembrance, and history will immortalize those heroes who, by their valor, shall preserve us a nation. The eyes of a world are resting upon you and your companions in arms. Tyrants fear your success, and the down-trodden tremble lest your fortune shall be defeat. haerison's landiitg. 325 The greatest interests are in your keeping; the wealth of toil, the honors of the student, the triumphs of genius, the temple and home of the wife, the-mother, and the child. We congratulate you upon the early deliverance from the hands of the enemies of the country ; from the grasp of those who only intent upon destructioji, have set all the usages of civilized warfare at defiance, and added unspeakable barbarism to murder — " More fierce and more inexorable far. Than empty tigers or tlie roaring s^a. " Bear with you our blessing, for we bless you : Citizen soldier, you have the prayers of all good men, and the Lord of Hosts is on your side. Greneral, an additional duty has been assigned me, the discharge of which is equally pleasant. A number of the citizens of this county, from consideration of gratitude and a profound regard, desire you to accept this sword. It is their heart's offering to one of their own people ; to one who, at the head of the Pennsylvania Reserves, has demonstrated his patriotism in the face of an insolent foe, and who is still anxious to do battle for the rights of man. It is a token from us ; may it prove a defence to you. General McCaU replied : — Major Hickman: My unpremeditated return to my home and family, with a view to restoring my health during a ten^porary cessation of active operations by the army of the Potomac, has been doubly enhanced by the warm welcome I have met with from my friends and neighbors. I did not anticipate a public reception, nor did I, indeed, at this time desire it; and my meeting you on this occasion is simply in compliance with the expressed wishes of my friends among you. You have referred, sir, in the kindest terms, to my social relations, in years past, with those whom you represent. For this I heartily thank you and them, and I assure you I reciprocate those kindly feel- ings most cordially. You have also been pleased to refer in terms of commendation to my services during this war ; and you have assured me that my motives in becoming a volunteer were known to be purely disinterested. This, sir, is most true ; for I had no other incentive than a desire to do my duly in upholding the flag of the Union and battling for the main- tainance of the Government under which I live. And I trust I shall always be found ready to defend and maintain the supremacy of the Constitution to the best of my ability, while health and strength permit. More than a year has gone since the startling intelli- gence reached us of the bombardment of Fort Sumter, the tocsin which called to arms the loyal citizens of the country. At this crisis of our affairs, I was called upon by the Chief Executive of the State to, organize a new corps of 15,000 men, to be styled the Pennsylvania Volunteer Reserve Corps, and by Act of Assembly, ordered for the defence of the State frontier. Although I had previously retired from 326 HISTOEY'OF THE PENNS;rLVASriA EESEKVES. the United States army, and come among you to pass my days in peace and retirement, I accepted the office -With alacrity, and at once entered upon the arduous and important duties assigned. It was not long before war burst upon us, and its announcement was disaster. The Eeserve Corps was now called into the service of the Federal Govern- ment, and I moved at the head of the column to the capital. What was my surprise and mortification, on arriving there, to learn from' the General-in-Chief that it was his intention to break up and separate this fine corps, which I had so zealously labored to perfect! And this measure, in fact, was in part carried out. Notwithstanding this, my efforts to bring the regiments together again were immediately addressed to the War Department, and the most strenuous arguments I could advance were brought to bear upon the subject. At length my exertions were crowned with success, and I had the satisfaction to reunite the regi- ments, much to their own gratification. This act I have never had cause to regret. The Corps was now converted into a division under my command. We joined the Army of the Potomac, and I am proud to say that, from that day to this, no discredit has ever fallen upon that division. On the contrary, the battle of Dranesville, Mechanicsville, Gaines' mill, and New Market cross-roads, will ever attest the valor of the Pennsylvania Reserves, and the devotion with which they have shed their blood to preserve the Union. Such laurels could not be gathered without heavy losses, and we have to lament the many gallant dead, who gloriously fell on those bloody fields. Our sympathy is also due to those whose honorable wounds speak more forcibly than words of their heroic deeds of arms. Some of these are of our dearest friends and relatives. May the God of Battles reward their virtue here and hereafter. Permit me now, sir, to fay that the presentation of this elegant sword by my valued friends and fellow-citizens of Chester county, in testi-* mony of their approval of my services in command of the Pennsylvan-a Reserves, is an event in my military life as unexpected as it is gratifying, and words cannot but inadequately express the feelings with which I receive so strong an evidence of their confidence and esteem. In conclusion, sir, I desire to offer you my thanks for the complimen- tary terms in which you have made known to me the sentiments of mj friends in Chester county. After having spent several weeks witli his family, under constant medical treatment, General MoCall became con- vinced that he would not again sufficiently recover his health, to be able to resume his position as commander of troops in active service, he therefore resigned his commis- sion, and retired to private life, and resided on his farm at Belair, near West Chester. General Reynolds, being the Harrison's lajstdikg. 327 ^ ranking officer in tlie division, relieved General Seymour and assumed command of the Eeserves; the officers and privates welcomed him -with loud cheers and wild demon- strations of joy. A few days later Colonel Eobert rejoined liis regiment, and was placed in command of the First brigade, Seymour commanded the Second, and Jawsson the Third. The presence, in camp, of their favorite officers, so inspirited the men that they forgot their past sufferings, and thought only of coming battles and still more glorious victories. The subject of the future operations of the Army of the Potomac was a matter of much deliberation on the part of the Government. General McClellan claimed, that the James river was the true line of approach to Eichmond, and asked for fifty thousand reinforcements, in order to renew the campaign against the rebel capital. The Presi- dent of the United States visited the army on the 8th of July, but nothing was then decided upon. On the 25th of the same month. General Halleck, the General-in-chief of the Army of the United States, proceeded to Harrison's landing, accompanied by General Burnside, who had ar- , rived at Fortress Monroe from North Carolina, with his victorious army. The general officers were called together, in an informal council, and the question of withdrawing the army from the Peninsula was submitted to them. The majority of the officers expressed themselves in favor of a withdrawal. The opinion prevailed, that the men had become very much enervated and discouraged, and that it would improve the morale of the army, to prosecute a cam paign on some other line. In the meantime General Pope, who had been sum^moned from the army in the West, and by virtue of an order issued by President Lincoln, had, on the 26th of June, 1862 been placed in command of the three army corps, com- manded, respectively, by Generals Fremont, Banks, and McDowell, had commenced a campaign into the enemy's country, towards Culpepper and Gordonsville. General Pope left "Washington on the 9th of July, and proceeded to 328 HISTORY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA EESEBVES. the front, to concentrate his troops, and organize Ms com- mand. The corps of Banks and Fremont were in th& Shenandoah valley, near Middletown. One division of McDowell's corps was at Manassas Junction, and the other division was posted on the Eappahannock opposite Frede- ricksburg. It was the wish of the Government, that General Pope should guard the approaches to the city of Washington, secure the valley of the Shenandoah, and at the same time, so operate in the direction of Gordonsville and Charlotts- nlle, as to draw the rebel force from Eichmond. . The un- fortunate termination of McClellan's Peninsula" campaign, and the retreat of the Army of the Potomac to Harrison's landing, so widely separated the two armies, operating against Eichmond, that co-operation became impossible. The indisposition of General McClellan to renew the cam- paign against Eichmond, still further embarrassed the Gov- ernment, and each day of delay at Harrison's landing rendered the situation of the armies more critical, and their movements more hazardous. The army in front of Wash- ington could not be removed to the Peninsula, without endangering the safety of the National Capital, yet it was manifest, that if the armies were not united, and sent against the enemy, both McClellan and Pope would be overwhelmed and destroyed in detail. In this crisis, it was determined to withdraw the Army of the Potomac from the Peninsula, and unite it with the Army of Yirginia in front of Wash- ington. It therefore became the mission of General Pope to cover as far as possible the approaches to the National Capital, and to move against the enemy's communications with the west, so as to force him to make heavy detach- ments from his main force at Eichmond, and thus to release the army at Harrison's landing, and ensiire its safe with- drawal from the Peninsula. If, as it was feared, the enemy should throw his whole force in the direction of Washing- ton, General Pope was instructed to resist his advance at all hazards, and so delay and embarrass his movements, as to HABBISOX S LANDIXG. 329 gain sufficient time for the transfer of tlie Army of the Potomac to Fredericksburg or Alexandria. The most Serious apprehensions of the department at Washington were realized. As soon as the rebel authorities at Eich- mond discovered that General Pope, with an army of fifty thousand men, was advancing against Gordonsville, they detached a heavy force under their greatest field captain, ' General Jackson, and marched forward in hot haste to resist the advance of the National troops. On the 9th of August, General Banks encountered the enemy at Cedar Mountain, and a sanguinary battle was fought, which forced the enemy, under General Jackson, to retreat across the Eapi- dan river, and to faU back to Gordonsville. On the loth of August, General Lee, the commander-in-chief of the Confederate forces, arrived at Gordonsville, and before the 18th, the whole rebel army was concentrated in front of General Pope. At about the same time General Burnside, who had always been prompt and vigorous in the execution of the orders from the "War Department, arrived, with the Ninth army corps, at Fredericksburg, and pushed forward with great energy, to reinforce General Pope, whose situation had now become exceedingly embarrassing. On the 80th of July, General HaUeck ordered General McClellan to remove all his sick from the Peninsula, so as to be unembarrassed in his future operations, and on the 3d of August, he ordered him to withdraw the army at Harri- son's landing, to Aquia creek on the Potomac; There was no enemy present to delay the embarkation, or to retard the movements of McClellan's army ; the general was fully aware of the critical situation, in which General Pope's' army had been placed, by the withdrawal of the rebel forces from Eichrnond, yet it was not until the 15th of August, that "the advance corps and trains had fairly started" from Harrison's landing. The Pennsylvania Ee- serves had again been placed in the advance, and on the loth, at ten o'clock in the night. General McClellan tele- 330- HISTOET OF THE PENNSYLVANIA EESEEVES. graphed to General Halleck that, " McCall's division, with . its artillery, is now en route for Burnside." But the sick, who had been ordered to be sent to the rear on the 30th of July, had not all been removed until the morning of the 16th of August. On the 5th of August, General McClellan had sent Gen- eral Hooker with a small force to dislodge the enemy from Malvern hill. The troops advanced by a road which led to the right of the hill, and entered the New Market road near Nelson's farm. The enemy was met and repulsed at Nel- son's, and driven back to his works on Malvern hill. General Hooker immediately ordered an advance, and after a spirited engagement of an hour, drove the enemy towards Richmond on the river road, and took possession of the hill. On Wednesday night the 6th, General Longstreet arrived with a Confederate force to repel the National troops, but General McClellan had ordered Hooker to fall back to Harrison's landing, and before daylight on Thursday morn- ing, the troops had abandoned the hill, and were marching down the river. Thus ended the hideous carnival of blood and death, that has rendered the Peninsula so sadly famous in the memory of the American people. pope's campaign. 331 CHAPTER IX. pope's campaign — BULL EUN — MARYLAND CAMPAIGN — SOUTH MOUNTAIN — ANTIETAM. Position of Pope's army — Abandons the line of the Rapidan — Position on the Rappahannock — Movements of the enemy — Attempts to cross thb river — Pope's army outflanked — Promised reinforcements do not arrive — Rain storm — Movement to Warrenton — March to Manassas — Battle at Bristoe station — Skirmish at Gainesville — Jackson's retreat from Manassas — Pursuit — Jackson surrounded — Withdrawal of McDowell's forces — rChange of plan — Porter's disobedience of orders^ General Sigel's attack on Jackson on the 29th of August — Noble conduct of General Reynolds — Desperate fighting — Heintzelman and Reno on the field — General Pope orders a charge along the front — The enemy driven from the field — Inexplicable conduct of General Porter — Situation at nightfall — Position on Saturday morning — Porter's repulse, desperate fighting along the whole line — The enemy In overwhelming numbers — Turning of Pope's left — Attempt to seize the Stone bridge— Daring valor of General Reynolds and the Reserves — Official reports — Loss in Reserve regiments — March to Centreville — Condition of the troops — Rations issued— Battle of Chantilly — Retirement of the army within the fortifications— Object of Pope's campaign — Transfer of the Army of the Potomac — Movements of McClellan— The rebels cross the Poto- mac-Pursuit by General McClellan — March of the Reserves — Meade In command — ^Battle of South Mountain — Spirited charge up the moun-. tain slope. — The shout of victory — The casualties— The bivouac — Pur- suit of the enemy — Position on the Antietam — Hooker ordered to turn the enemy's left — The Reserves in the advance — The fight on Tuesday night— The picket line on the field — Battle of Antietam — Desperate fighting — Field won, lost and won again — Fighting on the right — Fighting on the left— The field— The casualties— Official reports. Aftee the battle of Cedar Mountain, General Pope moYed forward his whole command, and took a position on the north bank of the Rapidan. The right, commanded by General Sigel, who had relieved General Fremont of his command, rested on the Robertson river ; the centre, 332 HISTORY OF THE PENlTSYIiVANIA EESERVES. under General McDowell, occnpied both flanks of Cedar Mountain, and the left, commanded by General Eeno, of Burnside's command, held a position near Eaccoon ford. The enemy rapidly collected in gi'eat force on the south bank of the Eapidan, and it was manifestly his intention to overwhelm the Army of Virginia, before it could be rein- forced by the troops from the Peninsula. General Pope held on to his advanced position with great tenacity, in order to afford as much time as possible for the transfer of the Army of the Potomac. But on the 18th of August, it became evident to the commanding general, that the line of the Eapidan was no longer tenable with the small force under his command, against the overwhelming force of the enemy, which by reason of its great numbers, could engage his front, and at the same time turn either flank. General Pope, therefore, determined to fall back to the line of the Eappahannock, and in compliance with instructions received from the department at Washington, to maintain, if possible, his communications with Fredericksburg, as it was upon that line reinforcements from the Army of the Potomac were expected to reach him. All the trains were sent beyond the Eappahannock during the 18th, and before the sun went down on the 19th, the whole army with its trans- portation and baggage, was securely posted on the north bank of the Eappahannock ; its left resting at Kelly's ford, and its right extending three miles above Eappahannock station. Early on the morning of the 20th, the enemy drove in the pickets of General Eeno's command in front of Kelly's ford, and at about the same time, made an attack opposite Eappa- hannock station ; but, finding the crossings strongly guarded, and that it would be impossible to force the passage of the river, without heavy loss, the enemy halted his advance and brought up the main force from beyond the Eapidan. Dur- ing the night of the 20th, the whole force of General Lee's command was brought forward, and on the morning of the 21st, again confronted General Pope's army at Kelly's ford pope's campaign. 333 and at Eappahannock station, and extended for several miles beyond tlie right of General Sigel's corps, wliicli formed the extreme right of General Pope's army. On this day, and also on the 22d, the enemy attempted at various points to cross the river, but -was invariably repulsed. The artillery fire was rapid and continuous during the whole of those days, and at times, extended along the line of the river for a distance of eight miles. Unable to force a cross- ing, (be enemy began to move in heavy columns up the river, for the purpose of turning the right flank. General Pope's orders required him to keep open his communica- tions with Fredericksburg ; he could not therefore abandon his position at Kelly's ford;, his army was too small to enable him to extend his line further to the right, without so weakening the centre, as to endanger his whole army, yet the movement of the enemy to the right must be met, or Lee would interpose his army between the Army of Yirginia and "Washington. Day after day. General Pope telegrr.phed to Washington, fully explained the situation on the Eappahannock, and informed the Commander-in- Chief, that it would be impossible for him to maintain his connection with Fredericksburg, and at the same time pre- vent the enemy from crossing the river at the upper fords, and gaining the rear of his position on the line of the Eap- pahannock. General Halleck assured General Pope, on the 21st of August, that if he would hold the line of the river two days longer, he should be so strongly reinforced, as not only to be secure, but to be able to resume offensive operations against Lee's whole army. The soldiers of the Army of Virginia, weary, worn, and broken by incessant duty, marching, guarding, and fighting since the 1st of August, looked anxiously towards Fredericksburg, towards Alexandria, and towards Washington for the promised relief Though the body w'as exhausted, the ^irit was still strong, and the noble men who stood on the banks of the Eappahannock, felt that Nation's honor and the Capital must, for two days more, be defended by theii' 834 HISTOEY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA EESERVE3. arms or be lost hj their defeat. The 21st and the 22d passed in anxious waiting and continued fighting ; the 23d came, hut still no tidings of coming reinforcempnts cheered the hearts of the patriot band on the line of the Eappahan- nock. The enemy had already crossed at Sulphur Springs and at Waterloo bridge, and General Pope's position was no longer tenable. Though General McClellan had aban- doned General Pope, to the power of the enemy, the God of Nations did not forsake the patriot army, standing*guard in front of the Nation's Capital. On the night of the 22d, a heavy rain set in, and before daylight on the following morning, the water in the Eappahannock had risen full seven feet, and swept in furious torrents in front of the rebel army, interposing an impassable barrier to its ad- vance. Early on the morning of the 23d, therefore, there being no longer any danger of the enemy's interposing a force between him and Fredericksburg, General Pope massed his whole force at Eappahannock station, with the determina- tion of falling upon that portion of Lee's army that had crossed the river, and crushing it before it could be suc- cored by the troops on the south bank. The army moved up to Warrenton, Sulphur Springs, and "Waterloo, on the 24th, but the enemy had already escaped by a rapid march northward towards Eectortown, and with a force of twenty thousand men, threatened General Pope's communications with Washington. General Halleck reassured General Pope that reinforcements would reach him on the 24th, at Warrenton Junction. It was during this movement to the right, that General Eeynolds arrived on the upper Eappa- hannock a,nd reported to General Pope. The Eeserve corps had embarked on transports at Harri- son's landing on the 11th of August, and set sail for Aquia creek landing on the Potomac, where the greater part of the fleet arrived on the morning of the 18th. The regiments were immediately disembarked, and sent forward by railroad to Falmouth. On the 21st, the whole division, with the excep- pope's campaign. 335 tion of the Second regiment, marclied for Kelly's ford, on the Eappahannock, where it arrived on the 22d; on the foUowiag' day it moved forward to Eappahannock station, and thence, with the Army of Virginia, to Warrenton, where it was attached to the First army corps, commanded by General McDowell. On the 24th the division encamped on the Sulphur Springs road, one mile from Warrenton, with General Meade's brigade advanced two miles towards the river. This most faithful division, and General Kear- ney's division, four thousand strong, which reported at Warrenton Junction on the following day, were the only troops from the Army of the Potomac that joined General Pope, until the 26th, when he had fallen back to Warrenton Junction, and was retiring towards Manassas, to resist the enemy under General Jackson, who was advancing through Thoroughfare gap, towards Centreville. The Second regiment had been detached to guard the transportation. On arriving at Falmouth on the 22d, Colonel McCandless determined to march his regiment through the enemy's country, in search of the division. After a hard and' tedious march, he rejoined the Eeserves at Warrenton. General Pope ordered his whole army to withdraw on the Warrenton pike and roads parallel to it, towards Centre- ville, and to concentrate on the evening of the 27th, with the centre at Gainesville. In the afternoon. General Hooker encountered EweU's division of Jackson's forces, four miles west of Bristoe station, and a severe engagement took place, in which the enemy was driven from the field and across Broad run, with the loss of about three hundred in killed and wounded, and much of his baggage train. The enemy had torn up the railroad track, and destroyed several bridges between Bristoe station and Warrenton Junction. General Banks was ordered to guard the trains and loco- motives at the Junction, until General Porter's corps had passed, and then to move forward as rapidly as the railroad could be repaired. AH the troops reached the several 336 HISTOET OF THE PENNSTLVAMA EESEEVE3. positions to wkicli they had been ordered, and it was evi- dent to General Pope, that he had successfully interposed his forces between Jackson, who was at Manassas Junction, and Longstreet, with the other wing of the rebel army at White Plains. Accordingly, General Pope ordered his whole army to move at daylight on . the 28th, against Jack- son's troops. McDowell, to whose corps the Eeserves were attached, formed the left, and was ordered to move forward on the Warrenton pike ; Sigel in -the centre, moved on the line of the Manassas railroad, and Heintzelman on the right, moved up from Bristoe station. General Fitz John Porter was ordered to march with his corps from "Warrenton Junction, at two o'clock in the morning of the 28th, and to report at Bristoe station at daylight. General Eeynolds, commanding the Eeserve corps, was directed to follow General Sigel's corps on the Warrenton and Alexandria turnpike towards Centreville, until they arrived at Gainesville, where the Manassas gap railroad crosses the turnpike ; Sigel would then move to the right along the railroad, and General Eeynolds was directed to form in columns of echelons on Sigel's left ; King's division formed in like manner on the left of the Eeserves. On arriving at Gainsville, the head of Eeynolds' column was fired upon by the enemy with two pieces of . artillery, in position on the heights above Groveton, and to the left of the turnpike. Three men were killed, and five more wounded, in the Eighth regiment, by the enemy's shell. Eansom's battery of the Eeserve corps was brought into position and opened on the enemy, and General Meade, who Avas in the advance, immediately formed his brigade into line of battle. The Fourth regiment was formed on the right of the turnpike ; the Third and Seventh, on the left, and the Eighth was held in reserve. The range being too great for Eansom's guns, Captain Cooper's battery of. new rifled guns, was ordered up, and opened with such good effect, that the enemy was forced to withdraw, and soon dis- pope's campaign. 337 appeared from tlie till. General Eeynolds tlien resumed the marcli towards Manassas. General Jackson finding himself cut off from the other portions of Lee's army, evacuated Manassas Junction at three o'clock on the morning of the 28th, and rapidly retreated towards Centrfeville. General Pope reached the Junction with Kearney's and Eeno's troops, at twelve o'clock mid-day, just about an hour after Jackson had removed his head-quarters from that place. Hooker, Kear- ney, and Eeno were pushed forward in pursuit of the enemy ; McDowell was ordered to change his line of march from the direction of Manassas, and to move direct upon Gentreville, and General Porter was ordered to march to Manassas Junction. Late in the afternoon. General Kearney came up with the enemy's rear guard, and drove it through Gentreville, and occupied the town. The enemy rapidly • retreated in two columns ; one on the Warrenton pike towards Gainesville, and the other taking the Sudley Springs road. McDowell, with his own corps, and the troops under Sigel and Eeynolds, had promptly changed the direction of his march, and succeeded in interposing himself between Jackson's retreating column, and Thorough- fare gap, which was the great object General Pope had been striving to compass. At six o'clock on the evening of the 28th, Jackson found himself confronted by a large force, and at the same time the troops of Heintzelman's corps were pressing on the rear of his column for Gentreville. A severe engagement was fought by King's division of Mc- Dowell corps, with the advance of Jackson's troops, which was terminated by darkness; each party maintaining its ground. General Pope, now felt sure that there was no escape for Jackson's command. McDowell was in his front, able to resist his advance; Heintzelman was pressing his rear with a heavy force, and Porter was ordered to move from Manassas, and to fall on his left flank. General Pope , had ordered McDowell to maintain Ms position in the front ; he directed Kearney, the advance of Heintzelman's corps, 22 338 HISTORY OF THE PEOTTSYLVAOTA EESEEVES. to press the enemy from the direction of Centreville, at one o'clock on the morning of the 29th, and instructed Porter to be on the field at daylight with his command. By these dispositions it -was expected to crush Jackson's force. By some fatality of circumstances, the order directing him to hold his position, did not reach McDowell, and there- fore, during the night King's division withdrew from the "Wairrenton pike, in the front, and retired towards Manassas; thus leaving open the road between Jackson and Longstreet through Thoroughfare gap. General Pope did not learn of the withdrawal of King's division until near dayhght, on the morning of the 29th. An immediate change in the dis- position, and proposed movement of troops became neces- sary. An order was at once sent to General Sigel, who was in the neighborhood of Groveton,' supported by the Penn- sylvania Beserves, to attack the enemy vigorously as soon as it was light enough to distinguish foe from friend, and if possible to bring him to a stand. General Heintzelman, at Centreville, was ordered to move forward with Hooker's and Kearney's divisions towards Gainesville ; General Eeno was directed to follow Heintzelman's troops closely as pos- sible. General Heintzelman's instructions were, to move at early dawn, to use all speed, and as soon as he came up with the enemy, to establish communication with Sigel, and attack with the utmost promptness and vigor. General Porter, at Manassas Junction, was ordered to march for- ward with the utmost rapidity, \ipon Gainesville, by the direct road from the Junction to that place. He was urged by General Pope to make all possible speed, that he might come up with the enemy, and be able to turn his flank, near where the Warrenton road is intersected by the road lead- ing from Manassas Junction to Gainesville. General Mc- Dowell, who had, during the night retired to Manassas Junction, was directed to follow Porter's corps towards Gainesville, and to form on his left and attack the enemy on the right flank and rear. General Sigel constructed his line of battle before day- pope's campaigit. 339 light, by placing General SchuTz's division nortli of the Warrenton pike, parallel to the Sudley Springs road; General Milroy in the centre on the turnpike, and General Schenck on an adjoining range of hills on the left, and south of the pike. In this order, promptly, at the dawn of day, General Sigel's troops moved forward and vigorously assaulted the enemy, and in a vehement artillery and in- fantry contest of four hours duration, drove him hack from point to point, until Generals Schurz and Milroy had ad- vanced their lines more than a mile over the enemy's ground, and General Schenck had gained two miles against the enemy's right. General Eeynolds with the Eeserve corps, had, during the evening of the 28th, marched by the left flank from the road leading from Gainesville to Manas- sas, and moving in the direction of Centreville, had closed up with Sigel's corps ; at daylight, on the morning of the 29th, he was, therefore, on the field in front of the enemy. With the spirit of a true patriot, and a generous soldier, he did not delay action from doubt of authority to move. General Eeynolds was subject to McDowell's orders, and might have declined to bring his troops into action without orders from that of&cer ; but, fortunately, neither the officers nor the privates of the Pennsylvania Eeserve Corps, were governed by any other than patriotic motives. It was enough for them to know that the enemy was in their front, and that Sigel's corps was about to engage him. Eeynolds formed his division on the left of Schenk's division of Ohio troops, and from daylight till dark, with no higher orders than the consciousness of a worthy deed nobly done, the General and his troops, marching and countermarching, moving against the flank, or straight to the front, fought the enemy, driving his right wing from hill top to hill top until darkness put an end to the contest. Early in the day General Meade was directed to form his brigade on the right of the division, and to move forward in support of Cooper's battery. The Bucktail regiment, commanded by Colonel McNeil, was thro-nm forward as 340 HISTOEY OF THE PENNSTIiVANIA EE3EEVE3. skirmishers, and tlie brigade continued to advance, keeping in line with Schenck's division, nntil it crossed the Warren- ton pike -within half a mile of Groveton ; General Meade then discovered, that Schenck's division had been with- drawn, and that the enemy was deploying his infantry in his front in such force, that it became necessary to with- draw the brigade to a plateau south of the pike, where it took a strong position and held it until dark ;' King's divi- sion, which had attacked the enemy on the pike, was then repulsed, and the rebel troops were advancing between General Meade's position and the troops on his right, he therefore withdrew his batteries, and rejoined the division on the hill near the Henry house. Meanwhile, at about ten o'clock in the forenoon. General Heintzelman arrived on the field, and before twelve o'clock, all the troops in his corps were in line of battle, and Hooker's division had already became engaged in the centre of the Hne, where General Sigel, who superintended the battle, had sent him to reinforce General MiLroy's divi- sion, which was hard pressed by the enemy. General Kearney had, in obedience to orders, formed his division on the extreme right, in front of the enemy's left, and Reno's division, as soon as it arrived on the field, was sent to the relief of General Schurz's division, which had main- tained a terrific conflict against vastly disproportionate numbers, from five o'clock in the morning until two in the afternoon. The enemy's left had been protected by an abandoned railroad cut, which afforded it excellent shel- ter; General Schurz was ordered to drive the rebels from this strong position ; it was a desperate undertaking, but with the co-operation of Kearney on his right, it was considered possible; but for some unexplained reason, Kearney's troops did not advance, and the whole force of ' the enemy fell upon Schurz's division ; his troops swayed backward and forward with alternate success, until finally Colonel SchimmeHennig's brigade, on the right, gained the embankment and dislodged the enemy from his cover. pope's CAMPAIGIT. 341 Heintzelman's troops then coining up, relieved the ex- hausted regiments of Schurz's brigade, which retired to replenish their ammunition. General Pope arrived at the front, at one o'clock, and found the line formed, with Heintzelman's corps on the right, Sigel and Eeno in the centre, and Reynolds' division on the left. There was a lull in the battle, and little more than desultory skirmish firing was heard along the line. It was the general impression that Porter and McDowell had advanced far enough on the road towards Gainesville to threaten the rear of the enemy's position, and that Jackson was, therefore, withdrawing his troops. At two o'clock in the afternoon, artillery firing was heard on the extreme left, and Geiieral Pope believed that Porter and McDowell were engaging the enemy on his right flank ; the firing however soon ceased, and the whole army, knowing that these two corps had marched against the enemy's flank and rear, waited in dread suspense to hear the roar of battle in that direction ; for the troops in front also knew that Longstreet was marching to reinforce Jackson, and that soon the whole rebel army would confront them. Three o'clock had passed ; four o'clock, and still no tidings from Porter and McDowell. Finally, McDowell reported that he was march- ing towards the field of battle, on the Sudley Springs road, and would reach the front at half-past five o'clock. At half past four, General Pope sent a peremptory order to General Porter to push forward at once into action on the enemy's right, and, if possible, to turn his flank. At half- past five o'clock, when General Porter should have been going into action in compliance with this order. General Pope directed Heintzelman and Eeno to assault the enemy's left. The attack was made with great gallantry, and the whole of the left of the enemy's line was doubled back towards his centre, and the National troops, after a fierce conflict of an hour and a half, occupied the field of battle with the dead and wounded of the enemy in their hands. At the same time General Reynolds, by direction of S42 HISTOE,Y OF THE PEJTNSyLVASriA EESERVES. General Pope, threatened the enemy's right flank and rear, General Seymour's, and General Jackson's brigades were moved forward along a strip of woodland, under a heavy fire from the enemy's batteries, and soon became engaged with his infantry; Colonel Roberts and Colonel McCandless, with the First and Second regiments, moved on the right through a woods, and became sharply engaged with the enemy's infantry, and were also exposed to a terrific shower of shot and shell. The troops advanced promptly, but soon they were confronted by overwhelming numbers, and at the same time were attacked by a large force in the left flank, and hence, notwithstanding all their steadiness and courage, they were forced to retire, which they did in good order, and resumed their former position on the hill. At about this time the troops of McDowell's corps began to arrive on the field, and were ordered by General Pope to move forward on the Warrenton pike, and to attack the enemy. King's division got into position at about sunset, and opened the attack with an impetuosity that amounted to rashness, but by this time the advance of Longstreet's rebel corps, had arrived and confronted King's division, at a point on the pike about three-quarters of a mile in front of the line of battle, where a severe encounter took place in which King was severely repulsed. Whilst these movements were transpiring on the left, • Heintzelman and Reno on the right continued to push back the enemy's left in the direction of the "Warrenton turnpike, so that at eight o'clock in the evening, when the battle ceased, the greater portion of the field was occupied by the National army. Still, nothing had been heard from General Porter, and his troops took no part whatever in the engage- ment, but were suffered, by him, to lie on their arms within sight and sound of the battle, during the whole of the day. If General Porter had obeyed the orders sent to him by General Pope, and made a vigorous attack on the enemy's right flank or rear, as he had been directed to do, at any time up to eight o'clock in the night, Jackson's forces would pope's CAMPAIGN". S43 have been cruslied, and the larger portion of his men cap- tured, before they could, by any possibility, have been rein- forced by General Longstreet's command. The destruction of Jackson's command would have crippled Lee's army to an extent that wonld have compelled him to retreat in great haste towards Eichmond, to escape with any portion of his army intact. A decisive victory at Bull Eun, on the 29th of August, would have spared the North the disgrace of the Maryland and Pennsylvania invasion, and the people, the loss of the blood and treasure poured out on the fields of South Mountain and Antietam. The fuU measure of that day's disaster cannot be estimated, and will never be known to the American people. General Porter was tried by a court-martial composed of the ablest officers in the National army, and was defended by the most learned lawyers in the United States; he was found guilty of the most flagrant disobedience of orders, and was disgracefully dismissed from the army of the United States. The loss in General Pope's army in the battle of the 29th was about seven thousand killed and wounded. General Pope says, in his report : Every indication during the night of the 29th, and up to ten o'clock on the morning of the 30th, pointed to the retreat of the enemy from our front. Paroled prisoners ft" our own, talren on the evening of the 29th, and who came into our lines on the morning of the 30th, reported the enemy retreating during the whole night in the direction of and along the WaiTenton turnpike. Generals McDowell and Heintzelman, who reconnoitred the positions held by the enemy's left on the evening of the 29th, confirmed this statement. They reported to me that the positions occupied by the enemy's left had been evacuated, and that there was every indication that he was retreating in the direction of Gainesville. On the morning of the SOth, as may be supposed, our troops, who had been so continually marching and fighting for so many days, were in a state of great exhaustion. They had had little to eat for two days pre- vious, and the artillery and cavalry horses had been in harness and saddled continually for ten days, and had had no forage for two days previous. < It may easilybe imagined how little these troopSj after such severe labor, and after undergoing such hardship and privation, were in condition for active and efficient service. I had telegraphed to the 344 HISTORY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA EESEEVES. general-in-chief on the 28th our condition, and had begged of him to have rations and forage sent forward to us from Alexandria with all despatch. I also called his attention to the imminent need of cavalry horses to enable the cavalry belonging to the army to perform aay ser- vice whatever. About daylight of the 30th, I received a note from General Franklin, herewith appended, written by direction of General McClellan, and dated at eight o'clock the evening before, informing me that rations and forage would be loaded into the available wagons and cars at Alex- andria as soon as I would send back a cavalry escort to bring out the trains. Such a letter, when we were fighting the enemy, and Alexan- dria was swarming with troops, needs no comment. Bad as was the condition of our cavalry, I was in no situation to spare troops from the front, nor could they have gone to Alexandria and returned within the time by which we must have had provisions or have fallen back in the direction of Washington ;. nor do I yet see what service cavalry could have rendered in guarding railroad trains. It was not until I received this letter thati began to feel discouraged and nearly hopeless of any successful issue to the operations with which I was charged ; but I felt it to be my duty, notwithstanding the despe- rate condition of my command, from great fatigue, from want of pro- visions and forage, and from the small hope that I had of any effective assistance from Alexandria, to hold my position at all hazards and under all privations, unless overwhelmed by the superior forces of the enemy. I had received no sort of Information of any troops coming forward to my assistance since the 24th, and did not expect on the morning of the 30th, that any assistance would reach me from the direction of Wash- ington ; but I determined again to give battle to the enemy on the 30th, and at least to lay on such blows as would cripple him as much as possible, and delay as long as practical#e any further advance towards the capital. I accordingly prepared to renew the engagement. At that time my effective forces — greatly reduced by losses in killed, wounded, missing, and broken-down men during the severe operations of two or tliree days and nights previous ; the sharp actions of Hooker, King, and Ricketts on the 27th and 38th, and the furious battle on the 29th — were estimated by me and others, as follows : McDowell's corps, including Reynolds's division, twelve thousand men ; Sigel's corps, seven thousand men ; Reno's corps, seven thousand men; Heintzelman's corps, seven thousand men ; Porter' s-corps, which had been in no engagement, and was, or ought to have been, perfectly fresh, I estimated at about twelve thousand men, including the brigade of Piatt, which formed a part of Sturgis's division, and the only portion that ever joined me. But of this force the brigades of Piatt and GriflBn, numbering, as I understood, about five thousand men, had be^n suffered to march off at daylight on the 30th to Centreville, and were not avail- able for operations on that day. This reduced Porter's effective force pope's campaign. 345 on the field to about seven thousand men, which gave me a total force of forty thousand men. Banks's corps, about five thousand strong, was at Bristoe station, in charge of the railroad trains and of a portion of the wagon trains of the army still at that place. Soon after the Eeserve regiments had collected them- selves together on the night of the 29th, Seymour's brigade, containing the First, Second, Fifth, and Sixth regiments, was ordered out on picket duty, which, on a battle-field, means to stand guard in front of the foe, ready at any moment to resist his attack. The men rested on their arms during the night, so near to the enemy, that they could hear the conversation of the rebel guard, but a few yards in front of their line. At daylight the brigade was relieved, and returned to the division. Early in the morning, the Eeserves were in position on the left of the "Warrenton pike, facing to the west. Meade's brigade was ordered to move forward and discover the position, and force of the enemy. The " Bucktail " regiment was deployed as skirmishers, and pushed forward to the top of the hill at Groveton, where it encountered a stubborn resistance, and was reinforced by the Third regiment. By this force the enemy's skirmish line was swept from the field, and the brigade coming up, maintained its position at Groveton until it was ordered, by General Eeynolds, to retire. During the forenoon a line of battle was formed in the vicinity of Groveton. General Heintzelmen's corps was on the right, Eeno's and McDowell's corps ia the centre, rest- ing on the Warrenton pike east of Groveton, and Sigel's corps and Eeynolds' division were on the left. Shortly after this disposition had been made, General Porter's corps marched between the line of battle and the enemy, and formed in front of McDowell's and Eeno's troops, masking the entire front. It was the intention of General Pope to break the enemy's left, and for that purpose reinforcements were selit to the right, to aid Heintzelman and Eeno. Before two o'clock. Porter had advanced into the woods 846 HISTOET OF THE PENNSYLVANIA EESBRVE3. in his front and was engaging the enemy, who, being strongly posted behind a railroad embankment, easily re- pulsed Porter's troops, and drove them from the woods in considerable disorder. The enemy followed the retiring troops, and at the same time, commenced a furious assault on the left flank, thus developing his real design of attempt- ing to turn the left of Pope's position, and interpose between General Banks at Bristoe, and the main army, and thus cap- ture or destroy the supply trains in charge of Banks' corps. Heintzelman and Eeno moved forward on the right without meeting with much resistance ; the mass of the rebel army was opposite the left. When Porter's troops emerged from the woods in front, and a large mass of the enemy appeared on the left flank, Sigel was ordered to face to the left; Eickett's division was hurried across the field from the right, and Reynolds, who had moved forward on Sigel's left before the battle opened, was now ordered to form the Eeserves on the extreme left, behind which Porter's corps might be rallied. The battle immediately burst in a furious assault along the entire line ; in addition to being able to engage all the troops in the front, the enemy had an excess of force suf&cient to detach a heavy column to envelop the left wing of Pope's army, and force its flank. General Eeynolds, with the instinct of a thorough soldier, discovered that the enemy was aiming to seize the Warrenton pike in the rear of the broken masses of troops, that were now flowing back from the front; he at once determined to throw his division in the breach, and save the army, or perish in the attempt. The plan of the enemy was, to break the centre and seize the roads between the two wings of the army, and thus ensure its destruction. The heroic general, fully conscious of the desperate situation of the army, galloped along his line and called upon his men to charge upon and hurl back the advancing foe. The Eeserves saAv by the ardor of their general that the whole army was in imminent danger ; in a moment they were up and charging, with a cheer and yell, »"B>-«r i^ ^j„ JarfoJ" ■ - "^ pope's campaign. 847 across an opem field ; they encountered the enemy at the brow of a declivity, up which the rebels struggled in vast numbers, and with unwearying pertinacity. Fortunately, the Eeserves were aligned upon a country road, which, having been somewhat worn by use, afforded partial protec- tion, and also depressed their fire. The contest became hot and desperate. Greatly outnumbered by the rebels, they were only enabled to hold them in check by rapid and unceasing firing. The field officers who rode upon the ground above the road, were much exposed and sufi'ered severely. At one moment all seemed to be lost; The First and Second regi- ments were engaged in an almost hand to hand encounter ; the left was pressed back, and to the consternation of the mounted officers, who from their positions had a view of the field, the troops on the right of the Eeserves gave way in Titter confusion. At this, critical moment, the gallant Eey- nolds, observing that the flag-staff of the Second regiment had been pierced by a bullet and broken, seized the flag from the color-bearer, and dashing to the right, rode twice up and down his entire division line, waving the flag about his head and cheering on his men. The rebel sharp-shooters rained fierce showers of bullets around the ensign thus borne aloft, but in vain did the missiles of death fill the atmosphere in which it moved. The effect upon the division was electrical; the men, in- spired by the intrepidity of their leader, rent the air with cheers, plied their tremendous musket fire with renewed energy and vigor, and in a few moments, the thinned ranks of the rebel regiments gave way before the steady and un- relenting voUeys poured upon them. Night came on and put an end to the contest ; but the famous Stone bridge over Bull Eun was, by the genius and heroic daring of General Eeynolds, and the valor of the brave men he commanded, preserved for the use of the National army. The enemy, thus beaten back, retired beyond the range of the loyal guns, appalled at the havoc they witnessed in their ranks, 348 HISTORY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA EESEEVES. and confounded by their failure to reach the turnpike. The sun was now setting, and the battle had ended. ; General Eeynolds says, in his report of the operations of his division in Pope's campaign : On the morning of the 30th I was directed to take post -with my divi- sion on the left of the pii^e near the Henry house, and ordered by Major- General Pope to form my division in column by company at full dis- tance, with the whole of my artillery on the left ; that I would be the pivot in the attack which Porter's corps was to make on the enemy's right, then supposed to be on the pike and in retreat. Having formed my division in the position indicated, and opened with my rifled bat- teries to drive the enemy from the first ridge, the skirmishers advanced and the attack by Porter's corps commenced. When the skirmishers arrived in the thick woods opposite Groveton, I found the resistance so great that another regiment was deployed to support them, and finally a second ; in all,' three regiments. The advanced skirmishers were the First rifles. Colonel McNeil, and the First infantry, Colonel Roberts, supported by the Seventh infantry, Lieutenant-colonel Henderson. The Sixth regiment. Colonel Sinclair, was thrown through the woods on our left flank. Becoming convinced that the enemy were not in retreat, but were posted in force on our left flank, I pushed through the skirmishers to the edge of the woods on the left, gaining sight of the open ground beyond ; and advancing myself into the open ground, I found a line of skirmishers of the enemy nearly parallel to the line of skirmishers covering my left flank, with cavalry termed behind them, perfectly stationary, evidently masking a column of the enemy, formed for attack on my left flank when our line should be sufficiently advanced. The skirmishers opened fire upon me, and I was obliged to run the gauntlet of a heavy fire to gain the rear of my division, losing one of my orderlies who had followed me through the woods. I immediately communicated this to the commanding general of the corps, who came upon the ground, and directed me to form my division to resist this attack, the dispositions for which were rapidly completed. Other troops were to be sent to my support, when the com- manding general, observing the attack of Porter to have been repulsed, ordered me with my division across the field to the rear of Porter, to form a line behind which the troops might be rallied. I immediately started my division in the direction indicated ; but before the rear of my column had left the position the threatened attack by the enemy's right began to be felt, and the rear brigade, under Colonel Anderson, with three batteries of artillery, were obliged to form on the ground on which they found themselves to oppose it. Passing across the field to the right, with Meade's and Seymour's brigades and Ransom's battery, my course was diverted by the difficult nature of the ground, and the pope's campaign. 349 retreating masses of the broken columns, among troops of Heintzel- man's corps, already formed, by which much time was lost and con- fusion created, ■which allowed the enemy to sweep up with his right, so far as almost to cut us off from the pike, leaving nothing but the rear brigade and the three batteries of artillery of my division and scattered troops of other commands to resist the advance of the enemy upon our left. It was here that the most severe loss of the division was sustained, both in men and material, Kern losing his four guns, but not until wounded and left on the field ; Cooper, his caisson. Colonel Hardin, commanding the Twelfth regiment, was here severely wounded. The brigade imder command of Colonel Anderson sustained itself most gallantly, and though severely pushed on both front and flank maintained its position until overwhelmed by numbers, when it fell back, taking up new positions wherever the advantages of ground permitted. The two brigades and battery of artillery under my immediate command, finding ourselves perfectly out of place, moved, by the direction of an officer of General Pope's stafij to a position to the right of the Henry house, which position was most gallantly maintained by the commands of Meade and Seymour and Ransom's battery for nearly tivo hours, when they were relieved by the division of regular troops under Colonel Buchanan. In reference to tlie battle of Saturday, August 30, General Pope says : Between twelve and two o'clock in the day I advanced the corps of Porter, supported by King's division of McDowell's corps, to attack the enemy along the Warrenton turnpike. At the same time I directed Heintzelman and Reno, on our right, to push forward to the left and front towards Warrenton turnpike, and attack the enemy's left in flank, if possible. For a short time Rickett's division of McDowell's corps was placed in support of this movement on our right. It was necessary for me to act thus promptly and make an attack, as I had not the time, for want of provisions and forage, to await an attack from the enemy ; nor did I' think it good policy to do so under the cir- cumstances. During the whole night of the 29th and the morning of the 30th, the advance of the main body imder Lee was arriving on the field to reinforce Jackson, so that by twelve or one o'clock in the day we were confronted by forces greatly superior to our own, and these forces were being every moment largely increased by fresh arrivals of the enemy from the direction of Thoroughfare gap. Every moment of delay increased the odds against us, and I therefore advanced to the attack as rapidly as I was able to bring my forces into action. Shortly after General Porter moved forward to the attack along the Warrenton turnpike, and the assault on the enemy was made by Heintzelman and Keno on the right, it became apparent that the enemy was massing his 350 HISTOBY OF THE PEjSnSTSTLVANIA EESERVES. troops, as fast as they arrived on the field, on his right, and was moving forward from that direction to turn our left, at which point it _was plain he intended to make his main attack. I accordingly directed General McDowell to recall Rickett's division immediately from our right, and post it on the Jeft of our line with its left refused. The attack ;of Porter was neither vigorous nor persistent, and his troops soon re- tired in considerable confusion. As soon as they commenced to fall back, the enemy advanced to the assault, and our whole line, from right to left, was soon furiously engaged. The main attack of the enemy was made upon our left, but was met with stubborn resistance by ^e divisions of General Schenck, General Milroy, and General Reynolds, who, shortly after the action began, were reinforced on their left and rear by the division of Ricketts. The action raged furiously for several hours, the enemy bringing up his heavy reserves, and pouring mass after mass of his troops upon our left. So greatly superior in number were his forces tliat, whilst overpowering us on our left, he was able to assault us also with very superior forces on our right. Porter's forces were rallied and brought to a halt as they we)*e retiring to the rear. As soon as they could be used, I pushed them foi-ward to support our left, and they there rendered most distinguished service, especially the brig- ade of regulars under Colonel Buchanan. Tower's brigade of Rickett's division was pushed forward into action in support of ReynoM's division, and was led forward in person by General Tower with conspicuous skill and gallantry. The conduct of that brigade, in plain view of all the forces on our left, was especially distinguished, and drew forth hearty and enthusiastic cheers. The example of this brigade was of great service, and infused new spirit into all the troops who witnessed their intrepid conduct. Reno's corps was also withdrawn from its position on our right centre late in the afternoon, and thrown into the action on our left, where it behaved with conspicuous gallantry. Notwithstanding these great disadvan- tages, our troops held their ground with the utmost firmness and obsti- nacy, and the losses on both sides were very heavy. By dark our left had been forced back about a half or three-quarters of a mile ; but stUl remained firm and unbroken, and still covered the turnpike in our rear. About six o'clock in the afternoon I heard, accidentally, that Frank- lin's corps had arrived at a point about four miles east of CentreviUe, and twelve miles in our rear, and that it was only about eight thousand strong. The result of the battle of the 30th, the very heavy losses we had suffered, and the complete prostration of our troops from hunger and fatigue, made it plain to me that we were no longer able, in the face of such ovei-w helming odds, to maintain our position so far to the front, nor would we have been able to do so under any circumstances, suffer- ing as were the men and horses from fatigue and hunger, and weakened by the heavy losses incident to the uncommon hardships which they had suffered. pope's campaign-. 351 About eight o'clock at night, therefore, I sent written instructions to the commanders of corps to withdraw leisurely towards Centreville, and stated to them what route each should pursue, and where they should take post. General Reno was instructed with his whole corps to cover the movements of the army towards Centreville. The withdrawal was made slowly, quietly, and in good order, no pursuit whatever having been attempted by the enemy. A division of infantry with its batteries was posted to cover the crossing of Cub run. The exact losses in this battle I am unable to give, as the reports received from the corps commanders only exhibit the aggregate losses during the whole of the operations from the 22d of August to the 2d of September. Before leaving the field that night, I sent orders to Gene- ral Banks, at Bristoe station, to destroy the railroad trains and such of the stores in them as he was unable to carry off, and rejoin me at Cen- treville. I bad previously sent him orders to throw into each wagon of the army trains as much as possible of the stores from the railroad cars, and to be sure and bring off with him from Warrenton Junction, and Bristoe, all the ammunition and all the sick and wounded that could be transported, and for this purpose, if it were necessary, to throw out the personal baggage, tents, &c., from the regimental trains. These several orders are appended. At no time during the 28th, 29th, 30th, and 31st of August, was the road between Bristoe station and Centre- ville interrupted by the enemy. The whole of the trains of the army were on that road in charge of General Banks, and covered and pro- tected by his whole corps. If any of these wagons were lost, as I believe none were, it was wholly without necessity. I enter thus specifi- cally into this matter, and submit the orders sent to General Banks and his subsequent report to me, because no part of the misrepresentation of this campaign has been grosser than the statement of our heavy loss of wagons and supplies. The orders submitted will show conclusively that every arrangement was made, in the utmost detail, for the security of our trains and supplies, and I am quite convinced that General Banks is not the man to neglect the duty with which he was charged. I arrived at Centreville between nine and ten o'clock on the night of the 30th. The same night I sent orders to the corps commanders to report to me in person as early after daylight as possible on the morn- ing of the 31st, and on that morning the troops were directed to be posted as follows : Porter to occupy the intrenchments on the north or right of Centreville ; Franklin on his left, in the intrenchments. In rear of Centreville, between Franklin and Porter as a support, was posted the corps of Heintzelman. Sigel occupied the intrenchments on the left and south side of the town, with Reno on his left and rear. Banks was ordered to take post, as soon as he arrived, on the north side of BuU run, and to cover the bridge on the road from Centreville to Manassas Junction. Sumner, as soon as he arrived, was ordered to take post between CentrevUle and Chantilly, and to occupy Chantflly 352 HISTORY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA EESEEVE3. in force. McDowell was posted about two miles in the rear of Centre- ville on the road to Fairfax court-house. Ammunition trains and some provisions were gotten up on the 31st, and all corps commanders were notified, by special order to each, that the ammunition trains were parked immediately in rear of Centreville, and were directed to send officers to procure such ammunition as was needed in their respective corps. I directed the whole of the trains of the army to be unloaded at Centre- ville and sent to Fairfax station to bring up forage and rations. We remained during the whole day of the 31st, resting the men, get- ting up supplies of provisions, and re-supplying the command with ammunition. Early in tlie night after the battle, the Reserve corps marched towards CentreviUe and bivouacked on the east bank of Cub run, and on the following morning it pro- ceeded to Centreville. Never were the men of this divis- ion in more straitened circumstances; there had been no proper and full ration issued since the 24th day of the month; the severity of the marches, the frequent night guards, and the days of battle that intervened, required men possessing great power of physical endurance, as well as the spirit of patriot soldiers ; for two days the men had subsisted on green fruit and herbs snatched by the wayside, and had been sustained more by the fierce excitement of battle, than by physical strength. At ten o'clock in the morning, the division was led down the turnpike two miles from Centreville, where the regiments were halted, and a small quantity of coffee and some hard bread were dis- tributed among the men. An ofiicer in one of the regi- ments wrote home : " It did not take us long to get our fires burning. These rations were a perfect god-send to us. Every mouthful of coffee we drank, seemed like so much life flowing into the body." In the afternoon the division marched back to Centreville and there received rations of salt beef. It then marched back to Cub run to relieve Eeno's troops, who were guarding the crossings of that stream. The men, now, had their haversacks filled with rations of cofiee, bread and meat, and their cartridge-boxes repienished with ammunition; so that, refreshed in body pope's campaign. 353 and spirit, they marclied to duty forgetful of the hardships of the terrible week that had passed. A heavy rain set in and the night was dark and dreary. The enemy had been too severely handled to attempt any serious work, and the troops were allowed to rest. On the morning of the 1st of September, the whole army was withdrawn from Centreville towards Fairfax Court House. General Pope discovered that the enemy was moving northward with the intention of turning his right flank. He therefore determined to give him battle in front of Chantilly, early on Tuesday morning, the 2d of Septem- ber. On Monday afternoon he sent General Hooker to Fairfax C H., and instructed him to move forward with all the troops at that place to Germantown ; McDowell took up a position on Difficult creek, connecting with Hooker's left; Eeno was pushed forward on the direct road to Chantilly ; Heintzelman formed in rear of Eeno's troops within sup- porting distance ; Franklin's corps, which had arrived from Alexandria on the 1st, was posted on the left and rear of McDowell's troops ; Sumner's corps, which had also come up, was formed on the left of Heintzelman, and the corps of Sigel and Porter were directed to unite with the right of Sumner. General Banks, still guarding the immense sup- ply trains, moved on the old Braddock road and came on the Alexandria pike in the rear of the army, and conducted his entire train in safety to the Potomac. The rebel general saw that General Pope had discovered his plans, and had placed his army in a position to resist his advance. Gene- ral Lee, therefore, determined not to await the attack, but fell upon the right wing of Pope's army with great fury, late in the afternoon of the 1st. The assault was met by Hooker, McDowell, Eeno, and Kearney, and though the attack was sudden and the action severe, the enemy was repulsed and driven back with great loss. The battle ter- minated at dark; but not before two of the most distin- guished and promising officers in the United States had fallen. Major-general Philip Kearney and Major-general 23 354 HISTORY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA EESEKVES. Isaac Ingalls Stevens were both killed while leading their commands to victory. General Pope, says further : The main body of our forces was so much broken down and so com- pletely exhausted that they were in no condition, even on the 1st of September, for any active operations against the enemy, but I deter- mined to attack at daylight on the 2d of September, in front of Chan- tilly. The movement of the enemy had become so developed by the afternoon of the 1st, and was so evidently directed to Fairfax Court- House, with a view of turning my right, that I made the necessary dis- position of my troops to fight a battle, between the Little river pike and the road from Centreville to Fairfax Court-House. Just before sunset on the 1st, the enemy attacked us on our right, but was met by Hooker, McDowell, Reno, and Kearney's division of Heintzelman's corps. A very severe action occurred in the midst of a terrific thunder-storm, and was terminated shortly after dark. The enemy was driven back entirely from our front, but during that engage- ment we lost two of the best and one of the most distinguished of our general oflBcers-^Maj or- general Kearney and Major-general Stevens — ^who were both killed while gallantly leading their commands and in front of their line of batWe. It is unnecessary for me to say one word of commendation of two officers who were so well and widely known to the country. Words cannot express my sense of the zeal, the gal- lantry, and the sympathy of that most earnest and accomplished soldier, Major-general Kearney. In him the country has sufiered a loss which it will be difficult, if not impossible, to repair. He died as he would wish to die, and as became his heroic character. On the morning of the 3d of September, the enemy still continuing his movement towards our right, my whole force was posted behind Difficult creek, from Flint hill to the Alexandria turnpike. Although we were quite able to maintain our position at that place until the strag- glers could be collected and the army, after its labors and perils, put into condition for efiective service, I considered it advisable, for reasons which developed themselves at Centreville, and which I explained to the general-in-chief and set forth herewith in the appendix, that the troops should be drawn back to the intrenchments in front of Washing- ton, and that some reorganization should be made of them, in order that earlier efiective service should be secured than was possible in their con- dition at that time. I received orders about twelve o'clock on the 2d of September, to draw back the forces within the intrenchments, which was done in good order and without any interruption by the enemy. The reasons which induced me, before I took the field in Virginia, to express to the Government my desire to be relieved from the command of the army of Virginia and return to the West, existed in equal, if not greater, force at this time than when I first stated them. I accordingly pope's CAMPAIGN'. 855 renewed, urgently, my application to be relieved. The Government assented to it with some reluctance, and I was transferred to the com- mand of the Department of the Northwest, for which department I left Washington on the 7th of September. It seems proper for me, since so much misrepresentation has been put into circulation as to the support I received from the Army of the Poto- mac, to state here precisely what forces of that army came under my command and were at any time engaged in the active operations of the campaign. Eeynolds's division of Pennsylvania Reserves, about two thousand five hundred strong, joined me on the 23d of August, at Rap- pahannock station. The corps of Heintzelman and Porter, about eighteen thousand strong, joined me on the 26th and 27th of August at Warren- ton junction. The Pennsylvania Reserves, under Reynolds, and Heintzelman's corps, consisting of the divisions of Hooker and Kearney, rendered most gallant and efficient service in all the operations which occurred after they had reported to me. Porter's corps, from unnecessary and unusual delays and frequent and flagrant disregard of my orders, took no part whatever except in the action of the 30th. of August. This small fraction of twenty thousand five hundred men was all of the ninety-one thousand veteran troops from Harrison's landing which ever drew trigger under my command, or in any way took part in that cam- paign. By the time that the corps of Franklin and Sumner, nineteen thousand strong, joined me at CentrevUle, the original army of Virginia, as well as the corps of Heintzelman and the division of Reynolds, had been so much cut up in the severe actions in which they had been engaged, and were so much broken down and daninished in numbers by the constant and excessive duties they had performed, that they were in little condition for any etfective service whatever, and required and should have had some days of rest to put them in anything like condition to perform their duties in the field. The enemy did not again come withia striking distance of General Pope's army, which was now fully able to main- tain its position. But, to secure the proper union and perfect harmony of the Army of Virginia, the Army of the Potomac, and Burnside's army from North Carolina, required a more thorough re-organization than could be effected in the field in the face of the enemy ; at the sug- gestion of General Pope, the forces were, therefore, with- drawn within the fortifications around Washington. The retirement of the troops was commenced on the afternoon of the 2d, and before sundown on the 4th, the combined 358 HISTOBY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA EESEEVE3. forces of the three armies -were posted behind the defenses around the Capitol. Eetiring with McDowell's corps, Gene- ral Eeynolds marched his division, on the evening of the 2d, on the Alexandria and Columhia pike, to the vicinity of Hunter's Chapel and Arlington, and on the afternoon of the 4th encamped in position north of Munson's hill. The Eeserve corps went into " Pope's Campaign " with about six shousand men, of which number, four officers and sixty -four privates were killed; thirty-one ofi&cers and three hundred and sixty-four privates were wounded, and four officers and one hundred and eighty-five privates were missing, making an aggregate loss of six hundred and fifty- two men. In the First regiment Captain Mott Hooton was wounded, six men were killed, and twenty-two wounded; in the Second, Colonel McCandless, Lieutenants John H. Jack, Daniel L. Conner and J. B. Eobinson, were wounded, one man was killed and eleven wounded; in the Third Captain H. Clay Beatty, a young officer of great pro- mise, known and beloved throughout the command, was killed on the 30th, while gallantly pleading his company ; two privates were killed and twenty wounded; in the Fourth, one man was killed and eleven wounded; in the Fifth, commanded in this campaign by Lieutenant-colonel George Dare, Lieutenant Eobert W. Smith, acting* as adju- tant of the regiment, was severely wounded in the gallant charge made at the close of the battle on the 30th, he was left on the field, and fell into the hands of the enemy, was paroled on the 4th of September, with other wounded prisoners, and was taken to Washington, where he died, bleeding to death under the hands of the surgeon, on Sunday the 7th, and when his father and brother were knocking at the door of the apartment of the hospital to be admitted to his aid, or to comfort him in the hour of death. This young officer had risen from a private by his merito- rious conduct on the field of battle, and his loss was deeply felt by his comrades in arms. In the same regiment. Lieu- POPKS CAMPAIGN. 357 tenant David McGaugty was wounded, one private was kUled and seven wounded ; in the Sixth, Colonel Sinclair, Lieutenants Wm. Goodman and R. M. Pratt were wop.nded, five men were killed and thirty-three were wounded ; in the Seventh, one man was killed and twenty-two wounded ; in the Eighth, Adjutant Henry Wetten, Captain J. Gr. Henry, and Lieutenant A. H. Sellers were wounded, five men, were kiUed, and eighteen were wounded ; in the Mnth, Lieuten- ants Alexander McCord and Gr. A. Wenks, and twelve men were killed. Captains Charles Barnes and J. W. Ballejitine, and fifty-one privates were wounded. Captain J. T. Shannon and Lieutenant J. M. Sowers, and twenty-three men were reported missing at the close of the action ; in the Tenth, Captain James S. Hindman, Lieutenant Henry B. Fox, and ten privates were killed ; Colonel James B. Kirk, Captain Ira Ayer, Adjutant M. M. Phelps and Lieutenant W. B. M. Williams, and thirty men were wounded, and nineteen were reported missing; in the Eleventh, Lieutenant John C. Kuhn, and four men were killed. Adjutant Robert A. McCoy, Captain WUliam Stewart, and Lieutenants R. M^ Jones, James Kennedy, D. R. Coder, and L. A. Johnson, and forty-one enlisted men were wounded, and five were missing; in the Twelfth, Colonel Martin D. Hardin, com- manding the Third brigade. Captain Francis SchLHing; and Lieutenants W. H. Weaver were wounded, five privates were killed, and thirty-five were wounded; Lieutenant Samuel Gloyd and twenty-two enlisted men were missing ; the Bucktail regiment lost five men killed, nineteen wounded and three missing. Battery A lost one man killed, five wounded and one missing; in battery B, four men were killed, Lieutenant William C. Miller and seventeen privates were wounded; in battery Gr, three men were killed. Captain Kern, a most gallant officer who had rendered valuable ser- vice in the Peninsula, was wounded and taken prisoner, and subsequently died; also Lieutenant George BufiEum and twenty -one men were wounded and seven men were missing. This battery also lost its guns on the 30th, after the most 358 HISTORY OF THE PENKSYLVANIA EBSERVE3. desperate resistance and fierce destruction of the enemy. Captain Cooper, in the same struggle, lost his caissons. General Jackson commanding the Third brigade rup- tured a blood vessel and became severely ill in the battle of the 29th, and the command of the brigade devolved on Colonel Hardin, who being severely wounded on the 30th, turned over the command to Colonel Anderson of the Ninth regiment. Colonel Fisher of the Fifth regiment having received a serious injury by the fall of his horse, during a night march from Falmouth on the 21st of August, was not able to continue, with his command, but had been sent home on furlough. Lieutenant-colonel Dare commanded the Fifth regiment, Major Snodgrass the Ninth, and Major Peter Baldy the Twelfth, at the close of the engagement on Saturday night. The four companies of Bucktails, that had been detached from the regiment at Fredericksburg, in May, to accompany General Bayard to the Shenandoah valley, became attached to the Army of Virginia, and retired with General McDowell's corps from the line of the Eapidan towards Washington. Lieutenant-Colonel Kane, who had been ex- changed in the early part of August, hastened to the front, and took command of the battalion at Catlett's station. The detachment remained under his command until the army arrived in the fortifications at Washington, when it rejoined the regiment. On the 7th of September, Kane was promoted to a briga- dier-generalship, and was assigned to the command of a brigade in the Twelfth corps. Thomas L. Kane was the second son of Judge Kane of Philadelphia ; he received a liberal education in the schools of that city, and was then sent to France to pursue a higher course. Whilst in Paris, he espoused the cause of Eed repiiblicanism, and took his first military lesson behind the French barricades. After his return to Pennsylvania, he read law in his father's of&ce, and was admitted to practice. President Polk, during his administration, sent him to Mis- pope's campaign. 359 souri to settle the Indian difficulties in that territory, and to superintend the exodus of the Mormons from Nauvoo. In the Utah war of 1857, Mr. Kane was again sent on a mission to the Mormons, and by the most untiring efforts reached their capital, and succeeded in negotiating a truce ; and sub- sequently, procured an amnesty from President Buchanan, for the offending Mormons, which finally led to a peaceful settlement of the Utah difficulties. The exposure in the mountains, to which Mr. Kane had been subjected during his journeys to Salt Lake City, had seriously impaired his health ; he therefore removed from Philadelphia to the forests of McKean county. When the rebels fired on Fort Sumter, Mr. Kane offered his services to Governor Curtin, and immediately recruited four companies, which afterwards became part of the Bucktail regiment. The men were collected on the headwaters of the Susque- hannah, where they embarked on rafts, and floated down to the capital of the State, and entered Camp Curtin. Kane was in command of these men until the time of the organi- zation of the regiment. His services with the Bucktails have been recorded in the accounts of their campaigns. General Kane commanded his brigade in the battles and campaigns of the Army of the Potomac, until November, 1863, when he resigned and retired from the service, com- pletely broken down in health. General Pope was, at his own request, relieved from the command of the troops about Washington, and proceeded immediately to the North-west to take command of that department. His great campaign has been the subject of the most unparalleled misrepresentation, and has been more mdely misunderstood than any other in the history of the war. The object of this campaign into Yirginia was to relieve the Army on the James river, and to ensure its withdrawal to the Potomac. To accomplish this, it became necessary for General Pope to confront, with a small army, vastly supe- rior forces, to fight battles without hope of victory, but only 360 HISTORY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA EESEm^ES. to gain time and embarrass and delay the forward move- ments of tlie enemy; in short, to make every sacrifice necessary to keep the enemy from the fortifications around the National Capital, until the army from the Penihsula could be transferred, and placed in position to aid in its defence. In this the commanding general succeeded, and if the whole Army of the Potomac had moved with reasonable promptness to his relief, he would not only h'ave ended his campaign triumphantly, but would have sealed it with a complete victory, that would have overwhelmed the rebel army in Virginia and broken the power of the rebellion in the east. The main body of the Army of the Potomac had evacu- ated the camp at Harrison's landing, and crossed the Chick- ahominy, near its mouth, on a pontoon bridge, on the 17th of August ; marching thence, down the Peninsula through "Williamsburg, the several corps reached Yorktown, New- port News, and Fort Monroe on the 20th. At these points they were embarked on transports and carried to Alexan- dria, whence they marched, to Centreville and joined the Army of Virginia. General McClellan arrived at Alexan- dria on the night of the 26th of August, and on the 1st of September, he was ordered to Washington to confer with General Halleck on the situation in front. On the 2d, General If^cClellan was assigned to the command of all the forces about the defences of the Capital. As soon as the National forces had reached the fortifica- tions in front of Washington, the enemy began to withdraw towards Leesburg, and on the 4th of September, commenced to cross the Potomac river in force, near Poolesville in ilaryland. It was now evident to the authorities at Wash- ington that the Confederate general contemplated the inva- sion of Maryland, and an attack on the Capital from the north side of the Potomac. On the day previous to the crossing at Poolesville. by the enemy,. General McClellan liad ordered the Second, and the Twelfth corps to cross the Potomac on the Chain bridge, and to occupy Tenallytown. MARYLAND CAMPAIGIT. 361 On tlie 4th, the whole army was put in motion, moving up both banks of the river for the purpose of discovering the position and intentions of the enemy. The defences of the Capital were intrusted to General Banks, and all the available troops were hurried away, under the command of General McClellan, in pursuit of the enemy. The army which but three days before had been on the defensive, felling back from position to position, tmtil it retired within the line of fortifications on the Potomac, now reorganized, harmonized, united, and reinforced, marched out boldly and defiantly to give battle to the enemy whenever and wherever he could be found. On the 7th of September the Keserve corps, as a division of the First army corps, commanded by General Hooker, marched from its camp near' Munson's hill, crossed the Potomac on Long bridge, and thence, marching through the streets of Washington, encamped on Meridian hill. On the following day, new clothes and a fresh supply of rations were issued to the men, and the division moved forward to a point near Brookville in Maryland, where it encamped two days. From Brookville it marched on the road towards Frederick, and on the night of the 12th, encamped beyond New Market, near the Monocacy creek. Governor Curtin, believing the enemy would invade the State of Pennsylvania, issued a proclamation on the 4th of September, calling out seventy-five thousand troops from the militia force of the State; and on the 12th, General Eeynolds was relieved from the command of the Eeserve Corps, and was ordered to procede to Harrisburg, at the request of the Governor, to organize and command these forces. The command of the division then devolved on General Meade. On the 13th, the troops crossed the Monocacy, and during the afternoon, pitched camp on the western bank of the creek. During this time the whole army of the Potomac had moved forward, from Washington towards Frederick; its left resting all the while on the north bank of the Potomac, 362 HISTOBY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA BESEEVES. and its right wing marcliiDg on the line of the Baltimore and Ohio Eailroad. On' the 13th, the main bodies of the right wing and centre passed through the city of Frederick, and it was soon discovered that the entire force of the enemy was in Maryland, and had fallen back to a strong position on South Mountain. Colonel D. S. Miles with a force of about twelve thousand men, collected from the military posts in the Shenandoah valley, was garrisoning Harper's Ferry. On the 12th, General Jackson with a strong rebel force recrossed the Potomac at Williamsport, and marched against that post which was foolishly surrendered with its garrison and stores, after a weak defence, at eight o'clock in the morning of the 15th of September. Before the capitulation of the garri- son, Colonel Davis, of Illino'is, commanding the cavalry at Harper's Ferry determined to cut his way out through the enemy's lines; accordingly on the night of the 13th, he crossed the pontoon bridge, and pursuing the road up the river to Sharpsburg, and thence to Williamsport and Hagerstown, arrived safely in Pennsylvania with his whole troop of gallant young men, who not only successfully extricated themselves from a most embarrassing situation, but on their way northward, captured General Longstreet's supply train, and brought it within the National lines. As soon as General McClellan had fully ascertained the position of the enemy, he made the necessary dispositions to dislodge him from the mountain passes, and if possible to interpose Franklin's command, including the Sixth corps and Couch's division of the Second, between the enemy's forces on the mountains and Jackson's troops operating against Harpei-'s Ferry. General Franklin pushed his com- mand rapidly forward towards Crampton's pass, and at about twelve o'clock on the 14th, arrived at Burkettsville, immediately in rear of which he found the enemy's infantry posted in force on both sides of the road, with artillery in strong positions to defend the approaches to the pass. Slo- cum's division was formed upon the right of the road lead- MAKTLAND CAMPAIGlf. 363 ing throTigli the gap, and Smitli's upon the left. A line formed of Bartlett's and Torbett's brigades, supported by Newton, advanced steadily upon the enemy, at a charge, on the right. The rebels were driven from their position at the base of the mountain, where they were protected by a stone wall, steadily forced back up the slope until they reached the position of their battery on the road, well up the mountain. There they made a stand. They were, however, driven back, retiring their artillery in echelon until, after an action of three hours, the crest was gained, and the enemy hastily fled down the mountain on the other side. On the left of the road. Brooks' and Irvin's brigades, of Smith's division, formed for the protection of Slocum's flank, charged up the mountain in the same steady manner, driving the enemy before them until the crest was carried Four hundred prisoners from seventeen different organiza- tions, seven hundred stand of arms, one piece of artillery and three colors, were captured by Franklin's troops in this brilliant action. The loss in General Franklin's corps was one hundred and fifteen killed, four hundred and sixteen wounded, and two missing. The enemy's position was such that artillery could not be used against him with any effect. The close of the action found General Franklin's advance in Pleasant valley on the night of the 14th, within three and a half miles of the point on Maryland heights where he might, on the same night or on the morning of the 15th, have formed a junction with the garrison at Harper's Ferry had it not been previously withdrawn from Maryland heights. Whilst these movements were transpiring on the left, the troops of the right wing and centre, which had been con- centrated at Frederick, were pushed forward in pursuit of the enemy on the Hagerstown pike. General Pleasonton was sent forward with his corps of cavaby, and soon came up with the enemy ; after skirmishing with him during the whole of the forenoon, driving his rear guard from several 364 HISTOBY OF THE- PENNSYLVANIA BESEEVE3. strong positions, he finally discovered Ms main force strongly posted at Turner's gap in South Mountain. Gen- eral Pleasonton sent back to General Burnside, who had been ordered to support him, for an infantry force, and upon its arrival, he proceeded to make a forced reconnois- sance of the enemy's position. / The South mountain is at this point about one thousand feet in height, and its general direction is from northeast to southwest. The national road from Frederick to Hagers- town crosses it nearly at right angles through Turner's gap, a depression which is some four hundred feet in depth. The mountain on the north side of the turnpike is divided into two crests, or ridges, by a narrow valley, which, though deep at the pass, becomes a slight depression at about a mile to the north. There are two country roads, one to the right of the turnpike and the other to the left, which give access to the crests overlooking the main road. The one on the left, called the "Old Sharpsburg rdad," is nearly parallel to and about half a mile distant from the turnpike, until it reaches the crest of the mountain, when it bends off to the left. The other road, called the " Old Hagerstown road," passes up a ravine in the mountains about a mile from the turnpike, and bending to the left over and along the first crest, enters the turnpike at the Mountain House, near the summit of the pass. On the morning of the lith, the First corps, commanded by General Hooker, was encamped on the Monocacy two miles from Frederick ; the Second, General Sumner's, was near Frederick ; the Sixth, General Franklin's, was at Buck- eyetown; the Ninth, General Eeno's, was at Middletown; the Twelfth, General "Williams', was near Frederick ; Couch's division was at Licksville, near Franklin's corps, and Sykes' division of regulars, from the Fifth corps, was at Frederick. General Burnside commanded the right wing, including the First and Ninth corps; General Sumner the centre, composed of the Second and Twelfth corps, and General Franklin the left, including the Sixth corps and Couch's MAETliAND CAMPAIGK. 365 division. As soon as General Buraside reported to General McClellan that the enemy was found in force at Turner's gap, the whole force of the right wing and centre was ordered forward to dislodge him. General Cox's division, which had been ordered up to support General Pleasonton, left its bivouac, near Middle- town early in the morning. The First brigade reached the scene of action about nine o'clock, and was sent up the old Sharpsburg road to feel the enemy, and ascertain if he held the crest on that side in strong force. This was soon found to be the case; and General Cox having arrived with the other brigade, and bringing information from General Reno, that the column would be supported by the whole corps, the division was ordered to assault the position. Colonel Scammon's brigade was deployed, and, well covered by skirmishers, moved up the slope on the left of the road with the object of turniag the enemy's right, if possible. It suc- ceeded in gaining the crest and establishing itself there, in spite of the Adgorous efforts of the enemy, who was posted behind stone walls and the edges of timber. Colonel Crooke's brigade marched in columns at supporting dis- tance. A section of McMullan's battery, under Lieutenant Croome, who was killed while serving one of his guns, was moved up with great difficulty, and opened with canister at very short range on the enemy's infantry, but it was soon silenced and forced to withdraw. The enemy several times attempted to retake the crest, advanciag with boldness, but were each time repulsed. They then withdrew their battery to a point more to the right, and formed columns on both flanks. It was now about noon, and a lull occurred in the contest which lasted about two hours, during which the other divisions of Eeno's ' corps were coming up. General Wilcox's division was the first to arrive. When he reached the base of the mountain. General Eeno ordered him to move up the old Sharpsburg road and take a position to its right, overlooking the turnpike. Two regiments were detached to support General Cox, at his 366 HIOTOBY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA EESEBVE3. request. One section of Cooke's battery was placed in position near the turn of the road, on the crest, and opened fire on the enemy's batteries across the gap. The division was proceeding to deploy to the right of the road, when the enemy suddenly opened, at one hundred and fifty yards, with a battery which enfiladed the road at this point, drove off Cooke's cannoneers with their limbers, and caused a tem- porary panic. But the Seventy -ninth New York and Sev- enteenth Michigan promptly rallied, changed front under a heavy fire, and moved out to protect the guns. Order was soon restored, and the division formed in line on the right of Cox, and was kept concealed as much as possible under the hillside until the whole line a,dvanced. It was exposed not only to the fire of the battery in front, but also to that of the batteries on the otherside of the turnpike, and lost heavily. Shortly before this time General Burnside arrived at the base of the mountain, and directed General Eeno to move up the divisions of Generals Sturgis and Eodman to the crest held by Cox and Wilcox, and to move upon the enemy's position with his whole force as soon as he was in- formed that General Hooker, who had just been directed to attack on the right, was well advanced up the mountain. General Eeno- then went to the front and assumed the direction of affairs. General Sturgis had left his camp at one o'clock, and reached the scene of action about half past three. Clark's battery, of his division, was sent to assist Cox's left, by order of General Eeno, and the Second Mary- land and Sixth New Hampshire regiments were detached by General Eeno, and sent forward a short distance on the left of the turnpike. His division was formed in rear ot Wilcox's, and Eodman's division was divided; Colonel Fairchilds's brigade being placed on the extreme left, and Colonel Harland's, under General Eodman's personal super- vision, on the right. The enemy's battery was found to be across a gorge and beyond the reach of the infantry ; but SOUTH MOUNTAIN. 867 its position was made untenable, and it was hastily removed and not again put in position in that part of the field. In reporting the dislodgement of the enemy on the left, General Wilcox refers, in the most complimentary lan- guage, to the gallant conduct of the Forty-fifth regiment of Pennsylvania volunteers, which charged the enemy in the front, and forced him, at the point of the bayonet, from one of his strongest positions. While Eeno was operating against the enemy's right. Hooker was vigorously engaging his left. As early as one o'clock in the afternoon. General Meade, commanding the Pennsylvania Reserves, was ordered to make a diversion on the right in favor of General Eeno's troops, who were being hard pressed on the left. On Sunday morning, September 14, the regiments broke camp on the bank of the Monocacy, marched forward through the city of Frederick, and out on the turnpike through Middletown, and a short distance beyond, where they were halted at one o'clock. An hour later, the division moved forward and turned oft' to the right from the main road, on the old Hagerstown road to Mount Tabor church, and deployed a short distance in advance, its right resting about one and a half mile from the turnpike. The enemy fired a few shots from a battery on the mountain , side, but did no considerable damage. Cooper's battery was placed in position on high ground at about three and a half o'clock, and opened on the enemy on the slope, but was soon ordered, by General Hooker, to cease firing, and the position of the troops going up the mountain prevented any further use of artillery by the Reserves on that part of the field. The First Massachusetts cavalry was sent up the valley to the right to observe the movements, if any, of the enemy in that direction, and General Meade directed Cap- tain John Clark, commanding the Third regiment, to post his companies to guard a road coming in from that direc- tion. The other diArisions of Hooker's corps were deployed as they came up, General Hatch's on the left, and General 368 HISTORY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA EESEKVES. Eicketts' in the rear. General Gibbon's brigade was de- tached from Hatch's division by General Burnside, for the purpose of making a demonstration on the enemy's centre, up the main road, as soon as the movements on the right and left had suf&ciently progressed. The country in front of General Meade consisted of a succession of parallel ridges, alternated with deep irregular valleys and broken ravines. The hills increased in height, and their eastern slopes became more abrupt and rugged, as they neared the mountain crest. The enemy occupied all these ridges as out-post defences, protecting the stronger and principal position on the top of' the mountain. The line of these hills presented an irregular crescent front, in many places jutting out in rugged prominences, and every-, where rough, rocky, and difficult to ascend ; the valleys and slopes farthest from the mountain were cultivated, and were traversed by stone fences, which separated the fields from the forest, and afforded additional shelter to the enemy. General Meade was ordered to move his division so as, if possible, to outflank the enemy, and then move forward and attack him on the mountain. To accomplish this, it was necessary to move over the broken country in his front. The general thoroughly understood the difficulties the troops must encounter ; he also knew the quality of the soldiers he was about to order to storm the mountain, nor were the men less informed as to the ability of their commanding officers; there was mutual confidence in the corps, and the veteran heroes of many battles were fully aroused to the magnitude of the work before them. The First brigade, commanded by General Seymour, was formed on the right; the Second brigade, commanded by Colonel Magilton, was posted on the left, and the Third, commanded by Colonel Gallagher, held the centre. Thus formed, the division began to advance towards the moun- tain; the nature of the ground was such, that the troops of each brigade could not see the movements of those in either of the other two, but could judge of their success. SOUTH MOUNTAIN. 869 only by the progressive roar of battle. The Bucktail regi- ment, coTumanded by Colonel. McNeil, was deployed as skirmishers in front of the division, and was closely fol- lowed by the whole line of battle ; the enemy's out-posts were rapidly driven in, forced from the hUls, and routed from the ravines, untU suddenly, the regiments of the First brigade arrived at a corn-field "full of rebels," protected by a stone wall at the foot of the abrupt mountain side ; the Bucktails received a terrific volley of musketry, which brought them to a halt ; General Seymour ,_ who was on the ground with his men, seeing that then was the critical mo- ment, called out to Colonel Roberts, commanding the First regiment, to charge up the mountain, and at the same in- stant, turning to Colonel Fisher of the Fifth regiment, whose men were coming up in well dressed lines, he exclaimed : "Colonel, put your regiment into that corn-field and hnrt somebody !" " I will, general, and I'll catch one alive for you," was the cool reply of Colonel Fisher. The Second regiment, commanded by Captain Bjrrnes, and the Sixth, Colonel Sinclair, were ordered forward at the same time. The men of the Fifth leaped the stone wall, immediately captured eleven prisoners and sent them back to the general. A patriot cheer rose from the entire line, and the regiments darted forward through the field, over the wall, and up the rugged steep beyond, over rocks, stones, logs, and through underbrush, pulling themselves up with one hand and fighting the rebels with the other. From behind every rock, tree, and log, they forced the enemy with ball and bayonet ; the color bearers struggled up the mountain side, and the men rallied round the flag, cheer after cheer responded to the rebel volleys from the summit ; onward and upward the fiery line rolled and surged; the bewildered rebels saw in astonishment the smoke and flame rising from rock to rock. "What troops are those?" anxiously in- quired a rebel officer. "I don't know, sir, I'll see," said the colonel of an Alabama regiment. Peering over the rocky barrier that had protected him, he exclaimed : " My 24 370 HISTORY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA EESERVE3. God, its the Pennsylvania Eeserves !" and instantly he fell pierced by a dozen bullets. . A moment more, and the gal- lant brigade rose to the crest, and delivered a murderous volley into the ranks of the panic-stricken enemy, who re- treated in hot haste down the western slope of the mountain. The starry banner which had risen above the shadows of the mountain side, reflected the lingering rays of the setting sun ; a triumphant cheer' rang out over the mountain tops, that was heard along the entire line, and was taken up by brigade after brigade, until the voices of a hundred thousand men rose in the tremendous shout of victory. The Second and Third brigades, like the First, had suc- cessfully dislodged the enemy from their front, and amid the roar of the closing battle, and the shout of victory, gained the summit of the mountain on the left. Colonel Gajlagher fell severely wounded while gallantly leading his brigade in a charge against the enemy strongly posted in a deep ravine ; Colonel Anderson of the Ninth regiment, being the ranking of&cer, assumed command, and led it up the mountain, the men rushing upon the enemy behind ledges of rocks, timber, and intrenchments, until they had cleared the slope and gained possession of the crest. At one point the Eleventh regiment, commanded by Lieu; tenant- Colonel S. M. Jackson, was ordered to drive the enemy from a deep ravine ; the regiment charged upon the concealed rebels, and at a single volley from the hidden foe, more than half the. commissioned of&cers fell to the ground, but the men, as if maddened by the loss of their of&cers, rushed upon the enemy, forced him from his shelter, and never ceased cheering, charging, climbing, and firing, until they ended with the triumphant shout of victory. The Second brigade, on the extreme left, moved up the mountain on the slope, facing towards the turnpike, and encountered a stronger force of the enemy, and a more stubborn resistance, the Eighth regiment, forming the ex- treme left of the division, fought its way at every step, and sustained a heavier loss than all the other regiments of the SOUTH MOUNTAIIT. 371 brigade combiued. The Second did not gain tbe crest, therefore, quite as promptly as the brigades on the right, but as soon as the rebels discovered, that their position ■was outflanked, they fled in dismay, and the National army held the passes. It was already dark, and pursuit over the rough grounds in front being impracticable, the troops bivouacked for the night, replenished their ammuni- tion, collected their wounded, buried their dead, and made p*reparatioDS for an early and vigorous pursuit at daylight on Monday morning. General Meade reported this battle as- foUows : Majob J. DicKrasoN, Assistant Adjutant General. ^ Major : — I have the honor to submit the following report of the ope- rations of the division of the Pennsylvania Reserves under my com- mand, during the action at South Mountain gap on the 14th inst. The division left its camp on the Monocacy early on the morning of the 14th inst., and marched to Middletown and beyond, where it was halted about one P. M. of that day. General Reno's corps being in front and engaged with the enemy. About two P. M., this division was ordered to the front to his support. The enemy was disputing our passage over the turnpike through the South Mountain, and had been attacked on the left by General Reno. After some consultation with the general commanding the right wing and the corps, I was directed to move the division on a road leading off to the right of the turnpike and towards the enemy's left. After advancing for over a mile on this road, the division which was the advance of the corps, was turned across the fields to the left and moved in an advantageous position to support Cooper's battery, which it was proposed to establish on an adjoining eminence. The enemy perceiving these dispositions opened on the column from a battery on the mountain side, but without inflicting any injury. Captain Cooper's battery of three-inch ordnance guns, was immediately put in position on the ridge above referred to, and at the same time by direction of the general commanding the corps, the regi- ment of First rifles of the division was sent forward as skirmishers to feel for the enemy. Being well satisfled from various indications that the enemy occupied the mountain in force with his infantry, the general commanding the corps directed me to advance my division to the right, so as if possible to out-flank him, and then to move forward to the attack ; a slight description of the features of the ground is necessary to properly de- scribe the movements of the division. The turnpike from Frederick to 372 HISTORY OF THE PENNSTLTANIA EESERVES, Hagerstown, in crossing the mountains, takes a general direction of northwest and southeast. The mountain ridge occupied by the enemy- was perpendicular in its general du'ection to the road, parallel to the mountain was another ridge separated from it at the turnpike, by a deep valley, hut connected at the upper end by a very small depression, over this second ridge there was a road, along which I advanced Seymour's brigade of the division, directing him to push forward and feel for the enemy. Soon after advancing. General Seymour reported that he could take the crest of the first ridge along which ran the road, and could then advance across the ravine to the second ridge, which I immediately directed him to do, at the same time I deployed Gallagher's Thii'd brigade and also Magilton's Second brigade on the same line, but down in the valley, and when the line of battle was completely formed, di- rected a general advance of the whole. Seymour soon gained the crest of the first ridge, and then moved in the same direction as the other two brigades. Anderson and Magilton advanced steadily to the foot of the mountain, where they found the enemy's infantry ; in a short time the action became general throughout the whole line. Steadily the line advanced up the mountain side, where the enemy was posted behind trees and rocks, from whence he was slowly but gradually dislodged. Seymour first gaining the crest and driving the enemy to our left along the ridge, where he was met by the fire of the other two brigades. Soon after the action commenced, having reason to believe the enemy was extending his left flank, to outflank us, I sent to the general com- manding the corps for reinforcements, which were promptly furnished by sending General Duryea's brigade, of Ricketts' division. Owing however to the distance to be travelled to reach the scene of action, Duryea did not arrive on the ground till just at the close of the engage- ment. His men were promptly formed in line of battle, and advanced on the left of Seymour, but only one regiment had an opportunity to open fire before the enemy retired and darkness intervened. The conduct of the division on this occasion was such as to uphold its well earned reputation for steadiness and gallantry, and fortunately was witnessed by the general commanding the corps, as well as by others. I am greatly indebted to Brigadier-general Seymour for the skill with which he handled his brigade on the extreme right flank, securing by his manoeuvre the great object of our movement, viz ; the outflanking the enemy. To Colonel McNeil of the First rifles, who with his regiment, has always been in the advance, I was indebted for ascertaining the exact position of the enemy. Colonels Magilton and Gallagher in command of the Second and Third brigades, formed their men and carried them to the summit of the mountain in the most credit- able manner. I regret to report that Colonel Gallagher, while gallantly leading his brigade, received a severe wound, and was compelled to leave the field. To my personal staff consisting of Captain E. C. Baird, assistant adjutant-general : Captain J. Adair, commissary of subsistence, SOUTH MOUNTAIN. 373 and Lieutenants William Kiddle, and A. G. Mason, Fifth Pennsylvania Reserve, acting aid-de-camp, I am indebted for the prompt execution of all mj orders, carried under a severe fire across rocks, stone walls, and the most rugged country I almost ever saw. The command rested on their arms during the night. The ammunition train was brought up, and the men's cartridge boxes filled, and every preparation made to renew the contest at daylight the next morning, should the enemy be in force; unfortunately the morning opened with a heavy mist, which prevented any view of the country being obtained. So that it was not till seven A. M., that it was ascertained the enemy had retired entirely from the mountain. GEO. G. MEADE. "While Meade was thus gallantly driving the enemy on the right, Hatch and Ricketts moved forward against the enemy's centre, and before nine o'clock at night, had entirely cleared theii" front ; General Reno fell mortally wounded in the moment of victoriously establishing his troops on the left; the mountain passes were gained, and the battle of South Mountain ended in victory to the National army. The forces brought into action by General McClellan, numbered about thirty thousand. The aggregate loss amounted to one thousand five hundred and sixty-eight ; of this number, three hundred and twelve were killed, one thousand two hundred and thirty -four were wounded, and twenty -two missing. The Reserve Corps went kito the battle of South Moun- tain with less than five thousand effective men. The loss of the division was three hundred and ninety-nine. The regimental losses were, in the First, commanded by Colonel Roberts, three officers and seven enlisted men killed, three officers and twenty-seven men wounded; in the Second, commanded by Captain Byrnes, seven men killed, one officer and nine men wounded ; the Third regi- ment was not engaged; in the "Fourth, commanded by Captain Thomas F. B. Tapper, five men were killed, and twenty-two wounded ; in the Fifth, commanded, by Colonel Fisher, one man was killed and twelve wounded ; in the Sixth, commanded by Colonel Sinclair, twelve men were killed, one officer and thirty -nine men were wounded ; in 374 HISTORY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA BE3EEVE3. the Seventli, commanded by Colonel Bolinger, five men were killed, and Colonel Bolinger and eleven men were -wounded ; wlien the colonel fell, the command of the regi- ment was assumed by Major C. A. Lyman ; in the Eighth, commanded by Major S. M. Baily, one officer and thirteen men were killed, and one officer and thirty-six men were wounded ; in the Ninth, commanded by Colonel Anderson, ten men were killed, and one officer and thirty-six men were wounded; early in the engagement, when Colonel Anderson was called to the command of the brigade. Cap- tain Samuel B. Dick assumed command of the regiment ; in the Tenth, commanded by Lieutenant- Colonel Warner, four men were killed, one officer and eighteen men were wounded ; in the Eleventh, commanded by Lieutenant-colonel S. M. Jackson, two officers and ten men were killed, and five officers and twenty -four men were wounded; and in the Twelfth, commanded by Captain A. J. Bolar, six ^en were killed, and one officer and nineteen men were wounded; in the Bucktail regiment, commanded by Colonel McNeil, one officer and fifteen men were killed, and two officers and thirty -two men were wounded. The artillery was so slightly engaged that it suffered no loss. The casualties among the officers vere the following : In the First regiment. Captain Thomas P. Diven, and Lieute- nants John H. Taylor and John D. Sadler, were killed ; and Lieutenants Joseph Taggart, F. McManus, and H. N. Min- nigh were wounded; in the Second, Lieutenant Richard Clendenning was wounded; in the Sixth, Captaia C. D. Eoush was wounded ; in the Seventh, Colonel Bolinger was severely wounded ; in the Eighth, Lieutenant William M. Carter was killed, and Lieutenant Samuel McCandless was ' wounded ; in the Ninth, Lieutenant William H. Hope was wounded; in the Tenth, Lieutenant H. I. Howe was wounded ; in the Eleventh, Captaia E. R. Brady, and Lieu- tenant W. F. Jackson were killed; Colonel Thomas F. Gallagher, Quartermaster H. A. Torrence, Captain Evard Bierer, Captain Nathaniel Nesbits, and Lieutenant James S. ANTIETAM. 375 Kennedy were wounded; in the Twelfth, Lieutenant E. Kelly was wounded ; and in the Bucktail Eegiment, Lieu- tenant Charles Bitterling was killed, and Captain E. A. Irvin, and Lieutenant Samuel A. Mack were wounded. General McClellan expected to renew the battle in the morning, and hence, during the night moved up all his forces within easy supporting distance. The enemy, how- ever, rapidly and quietly withdrew under cover of the night, and retreated across the Antietam creek, in the direc- tion of Sharpsburg. When the skirmishers advanced, cautiously through the mist and grey dawn of the morning, they discovered that the enemy had fled. The heavy fog, which enveloped the mountain, and lay in impenetrable clouds upon the valley, screened the movements of the enemy and delayed a vigor- ous pursuit, until after the middle of the forenoon. The cavalry under General Pleasonton, and three corps of in- fantry, commanded by Generals Sumner, Hooker, and Mansfield, the latter having relieved General "Williams in the command of the Twelfth corps, moved forward on the national turnpike towards Boonsboro' ; Burnside and Porter marched on the old Sharpsburg road, and Franklin was ordered to move into Pleasant valley. Pleasonton overtook the enemy's cavalry in Boonsboro', and, in a daring charge, killed and wounded a number, and captured two hundred and fifty prisoners and two guns. General Eichardson's division of Sumner's, corps pressing the rear guard of the enemy with vigor, passed Boonsboro' and Keedysville, and came upon the main body of the enemy, a few miles beyond the latter place. The enemy occupied a strong position on the heights, on the west side of Antietam creek, displaying a large force of infantry and cavalry, with numerous batteries of artillery, which opened on the troops as they appeared in sight on the Keedysville road and Sharpsburg turnpike. Antietam creek, in this vicinity, is crossed by four stone bridges ; the upper one on the KeedysvUle and Williams- 376 HISTORY OF THE PENNSTLVAJSTIA EESEBVE3. port road ; the second on the Keedysville and Sharpsburg turnpike, some two and a half miles below ; the third about a mile below the second, on the Eohrersville and Sharps- burg road; and the fourth near the mouth of Antietam creek, on the road leading from Harper's Ferry to Sharps- burg, some three miles below the third. The stream is sluggish, with few and difficult fords. The whole force of the army was rapidly brought up and formed on the east bank of the Antietam, and every prepa- ration made to attack the enemy at daylight. On the right, near Keedysville, on both sides of the Sharpsburg turnpike, were Sumner's and Hooker's corps. In advance, on the right of the turnpike and near the Antietam creek, General Eichardson's division of General Sumner's corps was posted. General Sykes' division of General Porter's corps was on the left of the turnpike and in line with General Richardson, protecting bridge No. 2, over the Antietam. The left of the line, opposite to, and some distance from bridge No. 3, was occupied by General Burnside's corps. On these grounds, the troops bivouacked during the night of the 15th. On the morning of the 16th, it was dis- covered that the enemy had changed the position of his batteries. The masses of his troops, however, were stiU concealed behind the opposite heights. Their left and centre were tipon, and in front of the Sharpsburg and Hagerstown turnpike, hidden by woods and irregularities of the ground ; their extreme left resting upon a wooded eminence near the cross-roads to the north of J. Miller's farm, upon the Potomac. Their line extended south, the right resting upon the hiUs to the south of Sharps- burg, near Shaveley's farm. The bridge over the Antie- tam, described as No. 3, near this point, was strongly covered by the enemy's riflemen protected by rifle-pits, stone fences, and a quarry on the hill, converted into a fortress. The ground in front of this line consisted of un- dulating hills, their crests in turn commanded by others in their rear. On all favorable points, the enemy's artillery ANTIETAM. 377 was posted, and their reserves, hidden from view by the hills, on which their line of battle was formed, could manceuvre unobserved by the attacking army. The posi- tion of the enemy, stretching across the angle formed by the Potomac and Antietam, with flanks and rear protected by these streams, was one of the strongest to be found in that region of country. Generals Sumner and Hooker had placed in front of their corps, on the first line of hills overlooking the Antietam, three full batteries of twenty-pounder Parrott guns. A similar force of artillery was posted opposite bridge No. 3. General Franklin's corps, and General Couch's division held a position in Pleasant valley, in front of Brownsville, with a strong force of the enemy in their front. General Morell's division of Porter's corps was en route from Boonsboro', and General Humphrey's division of new troops was coming up from Frederick. At daylight on the 16th the enemy opened a heavy fire of artillery on the guns in posi- tion, which was promptly returned : the enemy's fire was silenced for the time, but was frequently renewed during the day. General McClellan said, in his report : " It was afternoon before I could move the troops to their positions for attack, being compelled to spend the morning in reconnoitring the new position taken up by the enemy, examining the ground, finding fords, clearing the approaches, and hurrying up the ammunition and supply trains, which had been delayed by the rapid march of the troops over the few prg,cticable approaches from Frederick. These had been crowded by the masses of infantry, cavalry, and artillery pressing on with the hope of overtaking the enemy before he could form to resist an attack. Many of 'the troops were out of rations on the previous day, and a good deal of their am- munition had been expended in the severe action of the 14th. My plan for the impending general engagement was to attack the enemy's left with the corps of Hooker and Mans- 378 HISTOEY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA EESEEVE3. field, supported by Sumner's, and if necessary by JFranklin's; and, as soon as matters looked favorable tbere, to move the corps of Burnside against the enemy's extreme right, upon the ridge running to the south and rear of Sharpsburg, and having carried this position, to press along the crest towards our right; and whenever either of these flank movements should be successful, to advance our centre with all the forces then disposable." In making his dispositions for the attack. General McClel- lan, who had often tried the Pennsylvania Eeserves, and never found them to falter under the most trying circum- stances, now again directed that they be sent on the flanking expedition on the right. General Hooker was ordered to cross the Antietam with his corps, and to attack, and if possible turn the enemy's left flank. This corps consisted of Eickett's, Doubleday's and Meade's divisions, and was encamped between the two branches of the Antietam creek, opposite bridge No. 1. At two o'clock on Tuesday after- noon. General Hooker ordered his corps to advance. To General Meade was assigned the post of honor, and his division of veteran heroes marched out in the advance to open the great battle of Antietam. The troops crossed the creek on a bridge, and after advancing a short distance, turned to the left from the Williamsport road and marched rapidly in the direction of Sharspburg, against what was supposed to be the position of the enemy's left flank. Soon after leaving the road, the advance cavalry was fired upon, and reported that the enemy occupied a narrow strip of woods, on Mr. J. Miller's farm, a short distance in the front. Ge^aeral Meade directed Colonel McNeil to deploy his regi- ment of Bucktails as skirmishers, and to advance to a piece of woods on the left ift front, and Captain Byrnes, com- manding the Third regiment, was ordered to push forward four companies of his command deployed as skirmishers to occupy a woods on the right; the whole "division formed of battalions in mass, and presenting the full front of the divi- sion to the enemy, advanced across the country towards the ANTIETAM. 379 position lield by tlie rebels. Eickett's division was formed on the left, and Doableday's on the right ; General Hooker, ■who never fought battles by telegraph, or through orderlies, was on the froat posting his artillery, and superintending the movement of his troops. The Bucktails soon found the enemy in strong force occupying the woods on the left, and General Meade, seeing that his skirmishers had become sharply engaged and were contending against great odds, ordered forward General Seymour with the First brigade to support the Bucktails. The troops moved promptly and with great spirit, as the conflict in their front was in full view, and soon the entire brigade became closely engaged with the enemy's infantry and artillery. Cooper's battery, weU posted on commanding ground, was vigorously reply- ing to opposing batteries beyond the belt of woods. Gene- ral Meade rode forward to an eminence, and discovered the enemy's batteries with infantry deployed for their support, occupying a cornfield in front of Seymour's brigade," from which they were shelling his column in the woods; he immediately ordered np the Second and Third brigades, commanded by Colonel Magilton and Colonel Anderson, and directed Ransom's battery to take a position in front at the edge of the woods on Seymour's right, and open on the rebel batteries in the field. The battery followed by the two brigades, advanced rapidly to the front, the troops entered the woods, and the guns, brought into battery, opened a destructive enfilading fire on the enemy's batteries, that soon compelled them to change their position. It was already after sunset, and darkness coming on, the battle ceased. Seymour's brigade had pushed the enemy from the woods, but had not driven him from the field, and the two forces slept on their arrns withiu a few yards of each other, while all night long their pickets stood face to face, peering through the darkness to distinguish each other's forms. So near where the hostile forces to each other, that at one time six of the rebel pickets unconsciously stepped within the line of the First brigade. 380 HISTOBT OF THE PENNSTLVANIA EESEEVES. General Meade instructed his men to lie down on tlie ground they occupied at nightfall, and to hold themselves in readiness for any emergency ; he then reported to Gene- ral Hooker, the situation his troops were in, and received orders to hold his position. When later in the night the general . commanding the corps went forward to examine the grounds. General Seymour informed him of the close proximity of the enemy, and said that, " his men were sleep- inn- feet to feet with the rebels, and that the battle must begin as soon as it became light enough to distinguish friend from foe." General Hooker reported these fects to General McCleUan, and requested that his troops, who had been forced to lie down without their coffee, and would be compelled to renew the fight in the morning without their breakfast, should be strongly reinforced, that they might be relieved early in the day. During the night General Mansfield's corps, consisting of Generals Williams' and Green's divisions, crossed the Antie- tam at the same ford and bridge that General Hooker's troops had passed, and bivouacked on the farm of Mr. J. Poffenberger, about a mile in rear of General Hooker's position. The battle began with the dawn. Morning found both armies just as they had slept, close enough to look into each other's eyes. The left of Meade's division and the right of Ricketts's line became engaged at nearly the same nio- ment, one with artillery, the other with infantry. A battery was almost immediately pushed forward beyond the central woods, over a plowed field, near the top of the slope where the corn-field began. On this open field, in the corn beyond and in the woods which stretched forward into the broad fields, like a promontory into the ocean, were the hardest and deadliest struggles of the day. Cooper's and Simpson's batteries were posted on a ridge from which they commanded the enemy's left flank ; Ran- som's battery maintained its position at the edge of the wood?, where, as often as the enemy advanced, it delivered an ANTIETAM. 381 enfilading fire into his attacking columns. Lieutenant-colo- nel Warner, commanding tte Tenth regiment, was detached and sent to the right to watch the enemy's movements in that direction, and was then ordered to join Crawford's division in attacking the enemy in the woods in his front. General Doubleday's division moved to the front on the line held by the Second and Third brigades. After General Sey- mour became hotly engaged, General Meade directed Magil- ton and Anderson to move their brigades in column of battalions in mass, close in the rear of Doubleday's division. As the troops advanced. General Doubleday, keeping his right well to the Hagerstown pike became separated from Seymour's right, and left a gap in the line, in front of which was a plowed field adjoining the corn-field occupied by the enemy. Eansom's battery was ordered up by General Meade to the open ground between the advancing columns, and opened with good effect upon the enemy's infantry in the corn-field ; Magilton and Anderson in the meantime had marched to the edge of the field and were moved up a ravine towards the pike, to strike the enemy on the flank, as ho seemed to be so well posted in the corn, that it was difBcult to dislodge him. Whilst these movements were going on, and in less than half an hour from the time of their com- mencement, the battle had grown to its full strength. Hooker's men were determined in their attack, and the rebels were just as obstinate in refusing to yield a foot of their ground. Soon, however, the loyal arms prevailed, the rebels began to give way, and at the first indication of a receding fire, Forward! was the word, and on went the line with a cheer and a rush. Back across the corn-field, leaving dead and wounded behind them, over the fence, and across the road, and then back again into the dark woods which closed around them, went the retreating rebels. Eickett's division and Seymour's brigade followed hard and fast ; followed till they came within easy range of the woods, among which they saw their beaten enemy disap- 382 HISTORY OF THE PEmSTSTLVANIA EESEEVES. pearing ; followed still, witli anotlaer cheer, and flung them- selves against the cover. But out of those gloomy woods came, suddenly and heavily, terrible volleys; volleys which smote, and bent, and broke in a moment that eager front, and hurled them swiftly back for half the distance they had won. Kot in panic, but in good order, they yielded half their ground ; then supported and relieved, closing up their shattered ■ lines, they came slowly away, & regiment where a brigade had been, hardly a brigade where a whole division had been. They had met from the woods the first volleys of musketry from fresh troops, had met them and returned them till their line had yielded and gone down before the weight of fire, and till their ammunition was exhausted. In ten minutes the whole fortune of the day seemed- to have changed; it was the rebels now who were advancing, pouring out of the woods in endless lines, sweeping through the corn-field from which their comrades had just fled. General Hooker quickly perceiving the reverse, called for a fresh brigade ; Magilton was thrown into the field, marching by the left flank from his position in the ravine, and exposed to a severe flanking fire, yet the regiments maintained their lines firmly, and coming into the woods, they faced to the right and opened on the advancing enemy a murderous fire, that at once checked their triumphant pursuit. At the same time Eansom's battery and Ander- son's brigade suddenly opened an enfilading fire of grape, canister, and buck and ball, that whizzed, tore, and crashed across the rebel columns, killing ^and wounding the men in great numbers ; checking, confusing, and hurling back the foe, a moment before victorious. This was the critical juncture of the great conflict, where, equipoised on the un- certain scales of battle, hung victory and defeat. No idle troops were within reach to be thrown on the side of the Union ; but the genius of General Meade, that instructed him where to ,post his reserve batteries and brigades, and the unconquerable valor of his troops, who, when properly AJTTIETAM. 383 " posted, would die, rather than yield their position, saved the day by their cross fire, which confused and disordered the enemy's columns, and gave time for Sumner's command to arrive on the field. General Hartsnff's brigade of Double- day's division was moved from the right, and sent to the edge of the woods fronting the corn-field to a position by the side of Magilton's brigade. Here Massachusetts men and Pennsylvanians stood side by side, fighting desperately to maintain their ground. For half an hour they held the wooded ridge unyielding in purpose, exhaustless in courage. There were gaps in the line, but it nowhere quailed. Their supports did not come, but they determined to win without them. They began to go down the hill and into the corn, they did not stop to think that their ammunition was nearly gone, they were there to win that field and they won it. The rebel line for the second time fled through the corn and into the woods. There was no more gallant, deter- , mined, heroic fighting in all that desperate day. ' ^ The crisis of the fight at this point had arrived; Eicketts' division, vainly endeavoring to advance, and exhausted by the efibrt, had fallen back. Part of Mansfield's corps was ordered in to their relief, but Mansfield's troops came back again, and their General was mortally wounded. The left nevertheless was too extended to be turned, and too strong to be broken. Eicketts sent word he could not advance, but could hold his ground. Doubleday had kept his guns at work on the right, and had -finally silenced a rebel battery that for half an hour had poured in a galling enfi- lading fire along Hooker'^s central line. Williams' division of Mansfield's corps, including Craw- ford's and Gordon's brigades, had been sent to the extreme right, with orders to form so that the right of Crawford's brigade would rest on the Hagerstown pike, and Gordon on his left to connect with Doubleday. There was a heavy timbered woods in front, which the rebels occupied in strong force, but as long as Doubleday's guns pointed in that direc- tion, they did not care to leave their shelter to attack on the 384: HISTORY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA RESERVES. right. "With his left, then, able to take care of itself, with his right impregnable, with two brigades of Mansfield's corps still fresh and coming rapidly up, and with his centre a second time victorious, General Hooker determined to advance. Orders were sent to Crawford and Gordon to move directly forward at once, the batteries in the centre were ordered to open on the enemy, the whole line was called on, and the General himself went forward. To the right of the corn-field and beyond it was a point of woods. Once carried and firmly held, it was the key of the position. Hooker determined to take it. He rode out in front of his furthest troops on a hill to examine the ground for a battery. At the top he dismounted and went forward on foot, completed his reconnoissance, returned and remounted. The musketry fire from the point of woods was all the while extremely hot. As he put his foot in the stirrup a fresh volley of rifle bullets came whizzing by. The ^ tall soldierly figure of the general, the white horse which he rode, the elevated place where he was, all made him a most dangerously conspicuous mark. So he had been all day, riding often without a staff' oificer or an orderly near him, visible everywhere on the field. The rebel bullets had followed him all day, but they had not hit him, and he would not regard them. Eemounting on this hill he had not ridden five steps when he was struck in the foot by a ball. Three men were shot down at the same moment by his side. The air was alive with bullets. He kept on his horse for a few moments, though the wound was severe and exces- sively painful, and would not dismount till he had given his last order to advance. The bullet had passed entirely through his foot, and the severity of the wound rendered it impossible for the general to remain on the field. It was now nine o'clock. The fight had been raging since five. A large part of his command was broken, but with his right still un- touched and with Crawford's and Gordon's brigades just up, above all, with the advance of the whole central line which ANTIETAM. 385 the men had heard ordered with cheers, with a regiment already on the edge of the woods he wanted, he might well leave the field, thinking the battle on the right was won. General Mansfield had already fallen mortally wounded, and General Williams again commanded the corps. General Crawford, then in. command of the First division, led forward his troops in the terrible conflict that ensued for the possession of the cornfield and the woods beyond. Whilst in the act of rallying a regiment of Gordon's brigade. General Crawford was wounded in the thigh, but refusing to be carried from the field, remained with his troops, cheering them on to victory. Before General Hooker left the field, he turned over the command of the first corps to General Meade; General Seymour assumed the command of the division of Reserves and Colonel Roberts took command of the First brigade. At this time General Sumner arrived on the field, leading his corps into action. General Crawford had already gained the woods in his front and was holding his ground against vastly superior numbers. Sedgwick's division was pushed forward to support Crawford, while Richardson's and French's divisions moved up further to the left. Suddenly, and just as Sedgwick became hotly engaged with the enemy in his front. Green's division on his left was forced back, and a large body of rebels appeared on his left and rear. In the attetapt to resist this force, Sedgwick's division was thrown into disorder and was forced to retire. Whilst endeavoring to reform his troops on the field, under fire, the general was three times wounded, but still persisted in remaining with his command. By this misfortune, the cornfield was again abandoned to the enemy. "At one o'clock af&,irs on the right had a gloomy appear- ance. Hooker's troops were greatly exhausted, and their general away from the field. Mansfield's were no better. Suhmer's command had lost heavily, but two of his divisions were still comparatively fresh. Artillery was yet playing 25 HISTORY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA EESEBVES. vigorously in froat, tliougli the ammunition of many of the batteries was entirely exhausted, and they had been com- pelled to retire. Doubleday held the right inflexibly. Sumner's head- quarters were now in the narrow field where, the night before. Hooker had begun the fight. All that had been gained in front had been lost I The enemy's batteries, which, if advanced and served vigorously, might have made sad work with the closely-massed troops were, fortunately, either partially disabled or short of ammunition. Sumner was confident that he could hold his own; but another advance was out of the question. The enemy on the other hand, seemed to be too much exhausted to attack. At this crisis Franklin came up with fresh troops and formed on the left. Slocum, commanding one division of the corps, was sent forward along the slopes lying under the first ranges of hills occupied by the rebels, while' Smith, commanding the other division, was ordered to retake the corn-fields and woods which all day had been so hotly con- tested. It was done by one bold charge. The regiments went forward running, and, cheering as they went, swept like an avalanche through the corn-fields, fell upon the woods, cleared them in ten minutes, and held them till darkness had ended the battle. The field and its ghastly harvest which the reaper had gathered in those fatal hours remained finally with us. Four times it had been lost and won. The dead are strewn so thickly that as you ride over it you cannot guide your horse's steps too carefully. Pale and bloody faces are everywhere upturned. They are sad and terrible, but there is nothing which makes one's heart beat so quickly as the imploring look of sorely wounded men who beckon wearily for help which you cannot stay to give."* On the extreme left. General Burnside stormed the bridge * George W. Smalley, correspondent of theiTeM YotTc rnJwra«, whose admirable account of this battle the author has mainly adopted. ANTIETAM. 887 in his front at one o'clock, and drove the enemy from the hills beyond. A desperate battle ensued that continued with alternate success and reverse to the contending forces. At one time, when heavy reinforcements were thrown against his lines, Burnside's troops were forced back to the last range of hills, and terrible disaster threatened his entire force ; he called for reinforcements, but none were sent to him. His wearied and exhausted troops rallied to a last des- perate effort, repulsed the enemy, and established themselves in a strong position, which they held tiU night came on and the conflict ended. Oeneral Porter's corps, consisting of General Sykes' divi- sion of regulars and volunteers, and General Morell's divi^ sion of volunteers, occupied a position on the east side of Antietam creek, upon the main turnpike leading to Sharps- burg, and directly opposite the centre of the enemy's line. This corps filled the interval between the right wing and General Burnside's command; but did not at any time during the day become engaged. Nearly two hundred thousand men, and five hundred pieces of artUlery had been engaged for fourteen hours, in this memorable battle, when night coming on, the desperate conflict closed, and the National troops slept on the ground they had wrested from the enemy ; around them, lay nearly twelve thousand of their dead and wounded comrades, and a still greater number of the foe remained on the field. General Meade thus reports the action of the Eeserves : Major Joseph Dickinson, Assistant- Adjutant General. Majok : — I have the honor to submit herewith a report of the opera- tions of the division under my command, in the actions of the 16th and 17th instant, on the Antietam. The division left the mountain gap on the morning of the 15th, and marched.beyond Keedysville, bivouack- ing in the forks of the big and little Antietam. On the afternoon of the 16th, about two P. M., the division constituting the advance of Hooker's corps, moved, by direction of the general commanding the corps, on the road to WUliamsport, where, after crossing the bridge over the main Antietam, the head of the column was moved to the left across the country, advancing on what was understood to be the enemy's left 388 HISTORY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA EESEBVE3. flank. Soon after leaving the road, the cavalry in advance reported having been fired upon, when by direction of the general commanding the corps, the regiment of First Pennsylvania rifles (Bucktails) were advanced as skirmishers to a piece of woods on our left, and four com- panies of the Third regiment Pennsylvania Reserves were deployed as skirmishers and sent into a piece of woods on our right ; the main column formed of battalions in mass, division front, with the artillery, moving over the open ground towards a high ridge in front. The Bucktail skirmishers finding the enemy. General Seymour with the First brigade was directed to advance to their support. This was promptly done, and soon Seymour was closely engaged with the enemy's infantry and artillery, Cooper's battery being posted by Seymour to reply to the enemy's artillery. In the meantime I had gained the crest with the head of the column, and entered a piece of woods, which proved to be in its direction perpendicular to the line along which Sey- mour had advanced. On entering these woods, the enemy's battery could be plainly seen in a cornfield playing on Seymour's column in their front. The masses of his infantry deployed around the battery, and tlie fact that only one regiment — the head of my column — was deployed, deterred me from the endeavor to capture the battery by a charge. I however immediately ordered up Ransom's battery of light twelve pounders, who promptly came to the front and in battery at the edge of the woods. Opening on the enemy's battery and infantry a destruc- tive enfilading fire, which soon caused him to withdraw his guns to an eminence in the rear from whence lie commenced shelling the woods we occupied, and the ridge immediately behind it. In the meantime Magilton's and Anderson's (Second and Third) brigades came up and were deployed in line of battle to support Ransom's battery. After driving the enemy from the woods, Seymour held his own, and dark- ness intervening the contest closed for the night. Seymour holding the woods immediately in front of the enemy, and Anderson and Magilton the woods on their flank ; Ransom was withdrawn to the rear. Cooper remained in the position occupied in the commencement of the action, and Simpson's battery of howitzers which had been posted on the ridge to the rear replying to the enemy's battery in its second position, also remained there. During the night the enemy made two attacks on Seymour's pickets in both of which he was repulsed with, it is believed, severe loss. At early daylight on the 17th, the contest was warmly renewed by Seymour, the enemy attacked him with vigor. The gene- ral commanding the corps had sent Rickett's division to Seymour's sup- port, and had advanced Doubleday's division along the- woods occupied by Magilton's and Anderson's brigades. These brigades were formed in column of battalions in mass, and moved forward in rear of Double- day ; Seymour and Ricketts advancing through one piece of woods, and Doubleday on their right advancing along the Hagerstown pike, left an open space between, in which was a ploughed field and an orch- ANTIETAM. 889 ard ; beyond this -was a comfleld, the possession of which the enemy warmly disputed. Ransom's battery was advanced into the open ground between the two advancing columns, and played with great effect on the enemy's infantry and batteries. The brigades of Anderson and Magilton on reaching the cornfield were moved in a ravine extend- ing up to the pike. Soon after forming, I saw the enemy were driving our men from the cornfield. I immediately deployed both brigades and formed line of battle along the fence bordering the cornfield, for the purpose of covering the withdrawal of our people and resisting the further advance of the enemy ; just as this line of battle was formed, I received an order from the general commanding the corps to detach a brigade to reinforce our troops in the woods on the left. I directed Magilton' s brigade to move in that directiotf, which order was promptly executed, notwithstanding the brigade moving by the flank was sub- jected to a warm fire from the cornfield. Anderson's brigade still held the fence on the right, but the gap made by the withdrawal of Magil- ton's was soon filled by the enemy, whose infantry advanced boldly through the cornfield to the woods. Seeing this, I lode up to Ransom's battery and directed his guns on their advancing column, which fire together with the arrival of Magilton' s brigade in connection with Sey- mour and Ricketts, drove the enemy back, who as they retreated were enfiladed by Anderson, who eventually regained the crest of the ridge in the comfleld. At this time, about ten A. M., my division had been engaged for five hours, and their ammunition was being exhausted ; I therefore welcomed the arrival of Banks' corps, the left column of which, commanded by the gallant Mansfield, moved up to our support in the woods on the left, and a column under General "Williams' moved up to the woods on the right by the turnpike. I should have mentioned pre- viously that the Tenth regiment Lieutenant-colonel Warner was detached across the pike to watch our right flank, and was eventually I believe put in action by General Gibbon, rendering good service in that part of the field. Also that Cooper's battery of three-inch gims and Simpson's howitzers were early in the morning posted on the crest of the ridge we occupied the evening previous, from whence they had a command of the enemy's left flank, and were in action at various times during the day. Opening whenever they saw any of the enemy's artillery or in- fantry, and doing good service in protecting our hospitals and trains in the rear. Between eleven and twelve A. M., Mansfield's corps having reached the scene of action, also Sumner's, the corps had the misfortune to lose the services of its skillful and brave commander, who was wounded in the foot, and who did me the honor to direct me to assume the command of the corps on his leaving the field. I directed the vari- ous divisions to be withdrawn as soon as they were relieved and to be assembled and re-organized on the ridge in our rear. By two P. M., the division of the Pennsylvania Reserves now commanded by General Seymour were organized on this ridge, supplied with ammunition, and 890 HISTORY OF THE PEISrNSYLVAIinA EESEEVE3. held in readiness to repel an attack if the enemy should attempt one on our right flank, or assist, in any advance he might make. I beg leave to refer to the reports of the several brigade and regimen- tal commanders for the details of the operations. I desire particularly, however, to call your attention to the report of Brigadier-General Sey- mour, because from the confidence I placed in the judgment and mili- tary skill of that officer, I left entirely to him the management and direction of his brigade, the first in action and the only one engaged with the infantry, on the afternoon of the' 16th, and the first to com- mence and the last to leave on the 17th. I desire to commend most particularly to your notice the gallantry and good conduct of this offi- cer, which I have no doubt you have observed yourself. I feel it also due to the memory of a gallant soldier an 3 accomplished gentleman to express here my sense of the loss to the pubUc service in the fall of Colonel Hugh McNeil, of the First Pennsylvania rifles, who fell mortally wounded while in the front rank, bravely leading on and encouraging his men on the afternoon of the 16th. Many other brave and gallant soldiers were killed and wounded, for whose names I refer you to the accompanying list. The division went into action three thousand strong, and lost in killed and wounded over five hundred and seventy, or twenty per cent. Their conduct throughout the action both of offi- cers and men was such as to merit my warmest thanks, and to truly entitle them to the name of veterans. To my personal stafl' consisting of Captain E. C. Baird, assistant adjutant-general, and Lieutenants William Riddle, and A. G. Mason, aides, I am indebted as heretofore for the prompt execution of my orders, under the severest fire. Lieu- tenant Riddle received a painful wound in the hand just before the divi- sion was withdrawn from the field. I camiot close this report without calling your attention to the skill and good judgment combined with coolness with which Captain Ransom, his officers (Lieutenants Weir and Gansevoort, ) and men served his battery. In a previous part of this report I have described the advance of the enemy through the corn- field, and the check the column received from Captain Ransom's fire. I consider this one of the most critical periods of the morning, and that to Captain Ransom's battery is due the credit of repulsing the enemy. I also wish to mention particularly the efficiency and gallantry of Lieu- tenant-colonel Warner, Tenth Pennsylvania Reserves, both in the actions at South Mountain and on the Antietam. He was detached with his regiment for special service, accomplished by him in the most credi- table manner, and in the latter battle he was severely wounded. He is an officer whom I would be glad to see elevated to a higher position. Surgeon WiUiam King, the medical director of the division was early on the field on both actions, and with his usual energy and promptitude brought up the ambulances and established the hospitals in such manner as to secure for our wounded the speediest assistance. There are many other names that will^ be brought to your notice, ANTIETAM. 391 thTOUgh the reports of subordinate commanders as I have confined myself in this report exclusively to those that came under my special notice. GEO. G. MEADE. The loss in the Eeserve Corps in the battle of Antietam ■was five hundred and two. Three officers and ninety-four enlisted men were killed ; twelve officers and four hundred and thirty-six privates were wounded, and twenty-three men were reported missing. Five men were killed, Captain T. B. Kaufman and twenty -two men were wounded in the First regiment ; in the Second, Adjutant Agustus T. Cross, Lieutenant Max Wempfiemer and two privates were killed ; Captain Timothy Mealy and twenty-one privates were wounded, and three men were missing ; in the Third, Captain Floren- tine H. Straub and eleven men were killed. Captain George C. Davenport, Lieutenant F. G. Nicholson and thirty -four enlisted men were wounded ; in the Fourth, five enlisted men were killed. Major John Nyce, Captain Francis N. Burger, Lieutenant Prosper M. Davis and forty enlisted men were wounded and four were missing ; in the Fifth, two men were killed, Lieutenant H. P. Petriken and eight men were wounded; in the Sixth, eight enlisted men were killed, Captains J. M. Wright W. A. Meeker and James J. Carle, Adjutant Gr. S. Coleman and sixty men were wounded; in the Seventh, Captain James S. Colwell, Lieutenant Daniel L. Saunders and ten privates were killed, Captain John Jameson and fifty-nine enlisted men were wounded ; in the Eighth, twelve men were killed. Lieutenants Samuel McCandless, Patrick Murray, George Miller and forty-two men were wounded and seven were missing ; in the Ninth, sixteen men were killed, Lieutenant John Langbein and sixty-seven enlisted men were wounded. A most singular fatality fell upon the color bearers of this regiment. Sergeant Henry W". Blanchard, who had carried the regimental colors through all the storms of battle in which the regiment fought, was a most remarka- 392 HISTOEY OF THE PENNSYLVAITIA EESEBVES. ble man. Born in Massachusetts in 1832, he was about thirty years old. He had the most complete control of his feelings ; in the fiercest hours of battle, was always perfectly calm, never shouted, cheered or became enthusiastic, but steadily bore up his flag. At the battle of New Market cross roads, when every color-bearer in the division was either killed or wounded, Sergeant Blanchard received a wound in the arm, he retired a few minutes to have his wound bandaged and then returned to his place. At Antietam he was so severely wounded that the flag fell from his hands, and he was unable to raise it ; Walter Beatty, a private, seized the banner to bear it aloft,* and almost immediately fell dead, pierced by rebel bullets; another private, Robert Lemmon took the flag from the hands of his fallen comrade, a companion calling out to him, "don't touch it, Bob, or they'll kill you," the brave boy, however, bore up the banner, and in less than a minute lay dead on the ground ; the colors were then taken by Edward Doran, a little Irishman, who lying upon his back, held up the flag till the end of the battle, and for his gallantry was made a non-commissioned ofBcer on the field. In the Tenth regiment, Lietitenant J. F. Reed and nine men were wounded ; in the Eleventh, seven men were killed. Lieutenant Eli Wangerman and thirteen men were wounded ; in the Twelfth, thirteen men were killed, Lieu- tenants Henry S. Lucas, Samuel Cloyd and forty five enlisted men were wounded and four were missing ; in the Bucktail regiment. Colonel Hugh W. McNeil, Lieutenant William Allison and three privates were killed, Lieu- tenants Frank J. Bell and James M. Welsh and eighteen men were wounded and twelve were captured. Battery A, lost one man killed and 'three wounded; battery B, one man wounded ; battery C, Fifth United States, ' lost two men killed and thirteen wounded. In the death of Hugh Watson McNeil, colonel of the Bucktail regiment, the Reserve Corps lost one of its most ANTIETAM. 393 valued officers. He was the second son of Eev. Archibald McNeil, and was born at Owasco, Cayuga county, New York, in 1880. He was educated at Yale College, and immediately after his graduation at that, institution, he entered upon the study of law in the ofBce of Messrs. Blatchford & Seward at Auburn, N. Y. Before completing his course of study, his health became somewhat impaired, and for the purpose of securing a change of climate, he accepted an appointment in the Treasury Department at "Washington, where he remained until 1857, when he re- sumed his studies under his former preceptors, who had removed their ofi&ce to the city of New York. After his admission to the bar, he found his health still precarious, and abandoning, for the time, all thought of entering upon the practice of his profession, he removed to Warren, in the State of Pennsylvania, and in 1860, was Cashier of the the Warren County Bank. When Eoy Stone organized a company of riflemen, in the Spring of 1861, Mr. McNeil enlisted as a private, and was subsequently elected first Lieutenant. The Company proceeded to Harrisburg and was assigned the place of Company D, of the Bucktail regiment; Captain Stone was elected to the majority and Lieutenant McNeil was promoted to the captaincy. As captain he served in the Western Yirginia campaign, and commanded the regiment in the battle of Dranesville. His great merit as an officer was so conspicuous, and his popularity in the regiment so universal, that in Feb- ruary he was elected colonel of the Backtails to fill the vacancy occasioned by the resignatioa of Colonel Biddle. Whilst the Eeserves were at Fredericksburg, in May, 1862, Colonel McNeil was taken seriously ill and was sent home ; he recovered his health and proceeded to Harrison's landing, where he arrived the day before the division of Eeserves reached that place, after their cam- paign on the Peninsula. Colonel McNeil had left the regiment nearly six hundred strong, but now he met his companions numbering less than two hundred. When he 394 HISTORY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA EESERTES. beheld that but a fragment of bis command remained, be exclaimed, "My God, wbere are my Bucktails! Would tbat I bad died witb tbem ! " and turning aside be went away weeping bitterly. Many of bis men who bad been captured subsequently returned, and after tbe battles in Pope's campaign, tbe detacbment under Lieutenant-colonel Kane, rejoined tbe regiment and increased its strength to about five hundred men. During the campaign in front of Washington, and at South Mountain, he rendered most valuable services witb bis skirmishers, who, on every occasion, were sent for- ward to find the enemy, and in no case did their searching rifles fail to discover the rebel outposts, or to develop the enemy's line of battle. On the 16tb of September, at the open- ing of the battle of Antietam, Colonel McNeil was again sent forward to feel the enemy's position. He bad not led hismen far to the front, before he discovered tbe rebels posted behind a stone wall ; the bugle sounded tbe charge, and away went the Bucktails running at full speed, cheering and yelling like men on a fox hunt, over the wall, and into the woods beyond ; through the woods, and following the frightened rebels into the open field, but here, coming upon the second line of the enemy, protected by another stone wall, the Buck- tails were exposed to a withering fire of musketry, which took deadly efiect upon the men. Colonel McNeil, at the head of bis command, raised bis sword and ordered bis men to charge, but, before the sound of his voice had expired, tbe brave officer fell, pierced through tbe lungs by a minnie ball. Sergeant J. H. Masten of bis old company, and several of bis men were immediately at his side, and soon discovered, that their beloved leader was mortally wounded. The dying colonel motioned bis men to leave him, saying, " Drive the rebels out of that," and without again speaking, be died on the field, as became a gallant soldier, ordering his men to the front. His remains were removed from the field of battle, and accompanied by Lieutenant McNaugbten, were taken to ASTIETAM. 395 Auburn, N. Y., where they were buried with military honors at Fort Hill cemetery. Colonel McNeil was not only an accomplished scholar and a gallant soldier, but he was what is more and greater, a devout Christian. The precepts of the Bible taught him by his father, he made the rule of his life. He entered the service of his country from a sense of duty ; devoted to the cause of the constitution, he laid down his life a willing sacrifice on the altar of universal liberty, and died in the defence of republican government. The army rested on the battle-field of Antietam during the night of the 17th, and on Thursday, the 18th, the hostile troops were, by a voluntary truce, on the field removing their wounded, and burying their dead. During Thursday night. General Lee silently withdrew his army across the Potomac, and retired into Virginia, and thus ended the enemy's first attempt to invade the Northern States. 396 HISTORY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA EESEBVES. o CHAPTER X. BUBNSIDE's campaign — FEEDEEICKSBUEG — HOOKBE's CAM- PAIGN — CHANCELLOESVILLB. Camps at Sharpsburg— Effort to -withdraw the Reserves— Kesigna- tion of Colonel Roberts— Colonel Potts— Major Todd— Colonels Talley — Baily — Kirk— "Warner — General oflScers — Supplies for the soldiers — McClellan's delay — Ordered to advance — Stuart's raid — Advance into Virginia — March of the Reserves — McClellan relieved — Bumside as- sumes command — Plan of campaign — Organization of the army — Jlovement to Falmouth — Battle of Fredericksburg — Line of battle — The Reserves in the advance— Charge of the First and Third brigades — They pierce the enemy's line — Unsupported — Forced back — Casual- ties — General Jackson— Death of three sergeants — Captain O'Rourke — General Meade's report — Sumner's and Hooker's attacks — Withdrawal of the army to the north bank of the river — Second campaign — Bum- side requests to be relieved — Hooker placed in command of the army — General Meade promoted to the command of the Fifth corps — General Doubleday in command of the Reserves — The Reserves transferred to Washington — Hooker's administration — Condition of the army — Hooker's campaign — His plans — Movements — Battle of Chancellors- Tille — Jackson's assault on the Eleventh corps— Desperate fighting — Death of Colonel Peissner — Generals Berry and Whipple — Sedgwick victorious at Fredericksburg — Tlie Sixth corps struggles against Lee's whole army — Hooker retreats across the river — Loss in both armies. As soon as General McClellan had ascertained that the forces of the enemy had withdrawn from Maryland, he determined to reorganize his army, and to rest his troops. The several corps established comfortable camps, on the bank of the Potomac between Williamsport and Harper's Ferry, and in Pleasant valley below Sandy Hook. The Pennsylvania Eeserve Corps, which had marched from the State fourteen months before the battle of Antie- burnside's campaign. 397 tam, a corps of fifteen thousand men, with well proportioned and thoroughly organised arms of infantry, artillery, and cavalry, was now a mere brigade, mustering less than four thousand men fit for duty. While the army was at Sharpsburg, the governors of the loyal States called on President Lincoln to confer with His Excellency on the subject of recruiting the old regiments in the field, up to their maximum strength. At the request of the President, the governors addressed him in writing, each setting forth the plan proposed for recruiting in his own State. The following is the letter from Governor Curtin: Pennsylvania ExECUTrvE Mansion, Sarrisiurg, Sept. 30, 1862. SiE : I have the honor to refer to some of the topics of our conversation last week, at which time you were pleased to say, that you desired the governors of the loyal States present to put their suggestions in writing. " I proposed, at that time, to fill the regim«its in service most reduced by the casualties of war, by retiring a given number from the more active service with the armies in the presence of the enemy, and having filled them and obtained a perfect re-organization, return them to the field and retire others until they were all filled to the standard established by the government, in the meantime supplying their places in the field with new regiments. I named ten regiments as the number to be retired at each time from this State. Most of our regiments that have participated in the recent battles are reduced to mere skeletons, and although we have fur- nished about fifteen thousand recruits for regiments fi-om this State, no efficient strength has been given to any of them. "The Pennsylvania Reserve Corps, numbering thirteen regiments of infantry, one regiment of cavalry, and one of artillery, with a numerical strength of fifteen thousand seven hundred and sixty men, •yere taken into the service of the United States in July, 1861, immediately after the first battle at Manassas. The thirteen regiments of infantry did 398 HISTOEY OF THE PENNSYLYAjSTIA EESERYES. not muster four thousand men after the battle of Antietam. All of these regiments are much reduced in number, whilst many of them can scarcely be said to retain regimental organizations. The brilliant history of the Eeserve Corps in the war, and the State pride which has followed them since they entered the service, together with the circum- stances surrounding their organization, would, I have no doubt, prove such incentives to enlistment that the Corps could be filled to the maximum in a short space of time. " I suggest that the Corps be returned to the State, and placed in the camp at this Capital, and, if I am correct in my impression, the success would affect the minds . of our people favorably and other regiments in the service could be filled in their turn promptly. " It is proper that, in this connection, I should say that the suggestions reflect the opinion of all the ofBicers of the Corps, I take this opportunity of again renewing the sugges- tions of all the governors on the occasion referred to, that so far as consistent with the interests of the public service, sick and wounded volunteers be taken to the hospitals within the State in which they were enlisted. Yerj respectfully, your obedient servant, A, G. CUETIN. To His Excellency, A. Lincoln, President." Not receiving any reply to this communication, on the 9th of October, His Excellency, the Governor, addressed a similar letter to General McClellan, who thought favorably of the plan, but having immediate use for the troops, was unwilling to retire them at that time. Finding it impossible, therefore, to fill up the skeleton regiments by recruiting in the State, the officers commenced the work of re-organization. Many of the regiments were commanded by captains; companies were commanded by non-commissioned officers, and the division had become so reduced in strength, that it became necessary to reinforce it by the addition of other regiments. BITRNSIDE'S CAMPAIGIT, 399 Tlie One Hundred and Twenty-first regiment of Pennsyl- vania volunteers, a new and full organization, commanded by Colonel Chapman Biddle, was attached to the First brigade, and the One Hundred and Forty-second, com- manded by Colonel Eobert P. Cummins, was joined to the Second brigade of the Eeserve corps. Numerous changes in of&cers had also become necessary. At the close of the Peninsular campaign, the President of the United States had nominated Colonel Roberts of the First regiment for promotion to a brigadier-generalship, for gallant conduct on the field ; the nomination was sent to the War Department, but on account of circumstances of a personal character, was most unjustly delayed, and on the following day the Senate adjourned. Colonel Roberts, in command of a brigade, conducted it in safety from the Peninsula, fought gallantly in the battles of BuU Run, South Mountain, and Antietam, after which his name was again forwarded, for promotion, by his superior of&cers, and his friends urged the appointment as a matter of justice to a gallant soldier. But, in the latter part of October, Governor Curtin requested General McClellan to accept the resignation of Colonel Roberts, that he might be returned to his staff. After the first call for five hundred thousand troops had been filled, in 1861, Colonel Joseph D. Potts, who had superiatended, with great ability, the transportation of troops and materials of war from Pennsylvania, resigned his commission as staff ofScer to the governor, and retired from the public service to assume the management of the Phila- delphia and Erie Railroad. At the request of His Excel- lency, therefore, that Colonel Roberts should return to his staff, he resigned, and took leave of his regiment and com- patriots in arms, on the 2d of November, 1862. His soldiers, to whom he had endeared himself by an impartial administration in camp, and gallant conduct on the field, parted with him in tears, and loudly cheered him as he rode from the camp near Sharpsburg. Soon after Colonel Roberts had arrived at Harrisburg he received from his 400 HISTORY OF THE PENNSTLVAiriA KESERVE3. regiment a series of resolutions, of wliicli the following is the closing : Resolved, That time cannot efface from the hearts of his comrades in arms, the recollections of the glorious past — and his gallant leadership at Mech'anicsville, Gaines' mill, New Market Cross-roads, Bull Run- together with the crowning act of his military career during his con- nection with the First, leading it in advance of all others to the bloody summit of South Mountain, his sharing without complaint with his men the toils and privations of a long campaign, actuated by no other motive than a genuine love of country, have so endeared him to the regiment, that "the tears of regard wiU intrusively swell" when the stem fact stares us in the face, that he is no longer with us and for us The following is an extract from Colonel Eoberts' reply to the testimonial from his regiment : " You have been with me, gentlemen, during the most eventful scenes of my life, and if you are satisfied with the discipline of the regiment, and my conduct of the same upon many a hard fought field, I must, indeed, feel more than satisfied. It was a noble command ; one that might gratify the ambition of the loftiest spirt in the land, and if it has now, from hard service and severe losses, grown small, and its officers are few in numbers, we must never forget that its name and fame ought to grow brighter and clearer each day of its history. " We cannot but feel sad when we think of those who have fallen — they were our friends and associates — but they perished gallantly in a glorious cause, and have left behind them names as imperishable as we trust our country's fame will be. 'Their moaument must be in the liearts of the people. Their requiem the blessings of the free.' '* The men never waned in their attachment to their colonel ; in the winter of 1862, they presented him with a sword and belt, and in the spring of 1864, they sent him a beautiful "corps- badge," carved in gold, and having in- scribed on it the names of the battles in which Colonel Roberts had led them. Associated with Colonel Samuel B. Thomas, Colonel Roberts continued on duty in the military office of the Executive Department during both administra- tions of Governor Curtin'. Major Lemuel Todd had resignea ms commission, as major of the First regiment, on the 3d of September; BtJENSIDE'S CAMPAIGN. 401 Captain William Cooper Talley was therefore promoted to the colonelcy. William C. Talley was born in New Castle county, in the State of Delaware, on the 31st of December, 1831. By the patronage of Joseph S. Derickson, Esq., he was educated in the Wilmington Classical school, presided over at that time by Colonel Thomas E. Saddler, a graduate of the Academy of West Point. In 1853, Mr. Talley made a tour through the north-western States, and returning, settled in Delaware county, Pennsylvania, and studied law. Subsequently he edited the "Upland Union," a paper published at Media, and in 1860, he established the "National Democrat" news- paper at Norristown. When the great rebellion broke out into open war, 'by the attack on Fort Sumter, Mr. Talley sold his newspaper establishment, and recruited a volun- teer company of which he. was commissioned captain, and which became company F, in the First regiment of the Reserve Corps. Captain Talley led his company in the battles in which the regiment was engaged, and upon the resignation of Colonel Eoberts, he was promoted to iill the vacancy. He served as colonel of the First, at times com- manding the First brigade, until the expiration of the term of service, in June, 1864. The Eighth regiment, in the absence of Lieutenant- Colonel Oliphant, who was sick, was commanded by Major Baily; subsequently Lieutenant-Colonel Oliphant was dis- charged on account of disability, and Major Baily was com- missioned colonel, to date from the day of the battle of South Mountain. Silas M. Baily was born in Fayette county, Pennsylvania, pn the 4th of January, 1836 ; he received a liberal English education, and became an apprentice to a jeweler. After learning his trade, he established himself in business, a,t Waynesburg, where he resided when the war began, in the spring of 1861. Under the call for. seventy -five thousand troops, Mr. Baily organized a company, of which he was elected captain, and offered its services to Governor Curtin, 26 402 HISTORY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA RESERVES, but too late to be accepted. Upon the organization of the Eeserve Corps, Captain Baily again asked' to be ad- mitted into the service. His company was accepted, and became company I of the Eighth regiment. When Major Gardner left the service, in June, 1862, Captain Baily was promoted to the majority of the regiment. At the battle of Gaines' mill, he was severely wounded in the face, and was carried, insensible, to Washington for medical treat- ment. When the Army of the Potomac entered upon the Maryland campaign, Major Baily, though pronounced by his surgeon to be unfit for service, determined to join his command. He overtook the division in camp near the Monocacy, and being the ranking officer, took command of the regiment, which he led with such distinguished gal- lantry, both at South Mountain and at Antietam, that he was promoted to the colonelcy as a reward for his merito- rious conduct on the field of battle. Colonel Kirk of the Tenth regiment, whose health had been seriously impaired by the severity of the Peninsular campaign, reluctantly resigned his commission on the ISth of October. James T. Kirk was born in Canonsburg, Pennsylvania, on the 21st of September, 1825; he was educated in the public schools^ and for many years was a merchant tailor ia his native village; in 1851 he removed to the town of Washington in Pennsylvania, and engaged in the mercan- tile business. When the call for troops was made in 1861, Mr. Kirk was a lieutenant in a volunteer company called the "Jefierson Light Guards" of Canonsburg. Captain Wm. S. Calahan of this company offered its services to the Governor of Pennsylvania, which were promptly accepted. Before the company marched from Canonsburg Captain Calahan resigned, and Lieutenant Kirk was chosen to be his successor. On the 27th of April, the company marched to Pittsburg, where it remained a few days, and was then sent home, the quota of the State under the call for seventy- five thousand troops having been filled before the arrival buenside's campaign. 403 of tlie company in camp. On the 7tla. of May, Captain Kirk was again ordered to Pittsburg, and placed in camp Wil- kins, where, on the 19th of June, his men reinlisted for three years, or during the war; subsequently, the "Jefi'er- son Light Guards " became company D, of the Tenth regi- ment of the Reserve Corps. "When the regiment was organized, Captain Kirk was elected to the lieutenant- colonelcy and served under Colonel McCalmont, from whom he learned many valuable lessons in military disci- pline. On the 15th of May, 1862, upon the resignation of Colonel McCalmont, Lieutenant-colonel Kirk was elected and commissioned colonel. The arduous duties, that fell upon all the officers in the Eeserve regiments, during the campaign on the Peninsula, in front of Washington, and in Maryland, had so greatly impaired the health of Colonel Kirk, that the surgeon advised him to resign, and return to the healthy atmosphere of his native county. The resigna- tion was accepted by the Secretary of War, and Colonel Kirk retired honorably from the service of his country. Adoniram J. Warner, lieutenant-colonel of the Tenth regiment, who was promoted to fill the vacancy occasioned by the resignation of Colonel Kirk, was born in Erie county, in the- State of New York, in the year 1834. He received a liberal education, and in 1855 removed to Mifflin county, in the State of Pennsylvania, where he was ap- pointed to the principalship of an academy, and subse- quently was elected to the of&ce of County Superintendent of Common Schools. When the war broke out, in 1861, Professor Warner was a resident of Mercer county, and upon receiving the news of the attack on Fort Sumter, recruited and organized, by the aid of the active citizens of that county, a volunteer company for the three months service, but being too late for the first call, the company was re-organized for the three years service, and Professor Warner was elected to the captaincy. It afterwards became part of the Tenth regiment. On the 14th of May, 1862, Captain Warner was promoted to the lieutenant-colonelcy, 404 HISTORY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA EESEBVES. in which, position he served through all the campaigns nntil the battle of Antietam; he commanded the regiment at South Mountain and again at Antietam, where, early in the morning of the 17th of September, he received a severe wound in the hip, from which he will never fuUy recover. On the 18th of October, Lieutenant-colonel Warner was promoted to the colonelcy, but had not sufficiently re- covered from his wound to take command of. the regiment until in April, 1863. In the Bucktail regiment. Captain Charles F. Taylor was promoted to the colonelcy, to fill the vacancy occasioned by the death of Colonel Hugh McNiel. When General Eeynolds returned to the army he wai assigned to the command of the First corps. General Meade then resumed the command of the division ; General Seymour took command of the First brigade, Colonel Magilton continued to command the Second, and General Jackson, having recovered, from the injuries received at BuU Run, returned to the command of the Third brigade. While the army rested at Sharpsburg it was visited by thousands of people from the Northern States, who brought with them boxes, barrels, bags, and wagons filled with pro- visions, including butter, bread, fruits, vegetables, and deli- cacies for both the sick and the well. The relief societies sent forward immense trains ladened with all .manner of good gifts for the soldiers. Mrs. Harris, who was never absent from the army, was, again, the first to bring on the field articles of comfort for the wounded. The Sanitary Commission's agents soon followed ; and the Patriot Daugh- ; ters of Lancaster, whose boxes of lint reached the field almost before the smoke of battle had risen from the scene, rapidly sent forward great wagon loads of provisions, which Professor Kevinski, accompanied by Eev. F. W. Conrad, ■drove into the camps of the Reserves, and distributed to the men. On the 22d of September, General McClellan sent a large force under General Sumner to occupy Harper's Ferry, and buknside's campaign. 405 instructed tlie commanding officer to fortify Maryland, Boliyar, and Loudon heights. Five days later General McClellan wrote to the President : " This army is not now in condition to undertake another campaign, nor to bring on another battle, unless great ad- vantages are offered by some mistake of the enemy, or pressing military exigencies render it necessary. We are greatly deficient in officers. Many of the old regiments are reduced to mere skeletons. The new regiments need in- struction. Not a day should be lost in filling the old regi- ilients— our main dependence — and in supplying vacancies among the officers by promotion. " My present purpose is to hold the army about as it is now, rendering Harper's Ferry seciire and watching the river closely, intending to attack the enemy should he attempt to cross to this side." On the first day of October His Excellency the President visited the army of the Potomac, and remained several days, during which he went through the difierent encamp- ments, reviewed the troops, and went over the battle-fields of South Mountain and Antietam. The President returned to Washington, after having carefully inquired into the condition of the army, fully convinced that there was no proper cause for further delay on the Potomac. Accord- ingly, on the 6th of October, General Halleck telegraphed to General McClellan as follows : " I am instructed to telegtaph you as follows : The Presi- dent directs that you cross the Potomac and give battle to the enemy, or drive him south. Your army must move now, while the roads are good. If you cross the river between the enemy and Washington, and cover the latter by your operation, you can be re-inforced with 30,000 men. If you move up the valley of the Shenandoah, not more than 12,000 or 15,000 can be sent to you. The President advises the interior line between Washington and the enemy, bat does not order it. He is very desirous- that your army move as soon as possible. You will immedi- 406 HISTOBT OF THE PENNSYLVANIA EESEEVES. ately report what line you adopt, and when you intend to cross the river ; also to what point the re-inforcements are to be^ent. It is necessary that the plan of your operations be positively determined on, before orders are given for building bridges and repairing railroads. I am directed to add, that the Secretary of War and the general-in-chief fully concur with the President in these instructions." General McClellan made numerous excuses for not com- plying with this order. The cavalry was poorly mounted, artillery horses were broken down, the men had no shoes, and many other reasons were alleged, why it was neces- sary to remain in camp at Sharpsburg and Harper's Ferry^. Meanwhile, on the 10th of October, the rebel General Stuart crossed the Potomac at McCoy's ferry, with a force of two thousand cavalry and a light battery, with which he passed in the rear of the Army of the Potomac, crossing- the railroad communication with Harrisburg, at Chambersburg, w^ere he destroyed the railroad buildings and captured a supply of government clothing. The band of raiders re- treated towards Frederick, and recrossed the Potomac at White's ford without loss. The orders from Washington directing General McCleUan to move were several times repeated, but it was not until Sunday morning, the 26th of October, that the army com- menced crossing the Potomac at Berlin. On the same day, amid a severe rain storm, the Eeserve Corps broke camp near Sharpsburg, marched in a south-easterly direction, and encamped during the night in Pleasant valley, at the base of South Mountain. The army crossed the river at two points on pontoon bridges, one at Berlin and the other at Harper's Ferry, and occupied eight days in passing over the Potomac. General Meade led his division across the bridge at Berlin on the 30th of October, and moved beyond Lovettsville, where the regiments encamped until the morning of the 1st of November. The army con- tinued its march up Loudon valley until it reached War- renton; the Eeserves marched through Waterford, Peim-: BUBNSIDE'S CAMPAIGIT. 407 ville, Union, and Middleburg, and finally encamped south of Warrenton, on the evening of the 6th of November. During the march up the valley there were almost hourly skirmishes, between the cavalry in front and the enemy's rear guard. The movement of the Army of the Potomac, from the time it broke camp at Sharpsburg, was so tardy that the enemy easily succeeded in making his escape from the valley of the Shenandoah, and concentrated his forces at Culpepper. General McClellan was relieved of the command of the Army of the Potomac on the 7th of November, and was ordered to turn it over to General Burnside. He took his leave of the army on the 10th, and retired from active service, and on the 8th of November, 1864, resigned his commission as an of&cer in the army of the United States. When General Burnside assumed the command of the army, the First, Second, "and Fifth corps, the reserve artil- lery, and general head-quarters, were at Warrenton; the Ninth corps was on the line of the Eappahannock, in the vicinity of Waterloo ; the Sixth corps at New Baltimore ; the Eleventh corps at Gainesville, and Thoroughfare gap ; Sickles' division of the Third corps, on the Orange and Alexandria railroad, from Manassas Junction to Warrenton Junction; Pleasonton across the Eappahannock at Amiss- ville and Jefferson, with his pickets at Hazel river, facing Longstreet, six miles from Culpepper Court House ; Bayard near Eappahannock station. Whilst the Eeserves were in camp near Warrenton General Seymour was transferred from the Army of the Potomac to a command in the department of South Caro- lina. Colonel Sinclair of the Sixth regiment, who was the ranking officer, assumed command of the First brigade of the Eeserve Corps. In his testimony before the Committee on the Conduct of the War, General Burnside said : "Wlieii, after the battle of Antietam, General McClellan decided to cross the Potomac, I said to him that, in my bpinion, he would never be 408 HISTORY OF. THE PENNSYLVANIA RESERVES. able to take this ai-my on that route beyond the Rappahannock, unless he succeeded in fighting tlie enemy at some place on this side ; that if he proposed to go to Richmond by land, he would have to go by way of Fredericksburg, and in that he partially agreed with me ; after we had started we had another conversation on that subject, and Several other officers were present ; on the 6th of November,' after this conver- sation, General McClellan gave, an order to Captain Drum, his Chief Engineer, to have all the pontoon bridges at Berlin and in that neigb^ borhood, that could be spared, taken up and sent down to Washington, With a view of getting them down, in case he decided to go by the way of Fredericksburg ; the letter conveying that order was written on the 6th of November, but, as I understand, was not received until the 12th of November. On the 7th or 8th of November, I received an order from the President of the United States, directing me to take command of the Army of the Potomac, and also a copy of the order relieving General McClellan from that command. This order was con- veyed to me by General Buckingham, who was attached to the War Department. After getting over my surprise, I told General Bucking- ham that it was a matter that required very serious thought ;' that I did not want the command ; that it had been offered to me twice before, and that I did not feel I could take it. I consulted with two of my Staff officers in regard to it for, I should think, an hour and a half; they urged upon me that I had no right as a soldier to disobey the order, and that I had- already expressed to the Government my unwil- Ungness to take the command. I told them what my views were with reference to my ability to exercise such a command, which views were those I had always unreservedly expressed, that I was not competent to command such a large army as this. I had said the same over and over again to the President and Secretary of War, and also that if matters could be satisfactorily arranged with General McClellan, I thought he could command the Army of the Potomac better than any other General in it; but they had studied the subject more than I had, and knew more about their objections to General McClellan than I did. I then assumed the command in the midst of a violent snow storm, with the army in a position that I knew but little of; I had previously commanded but one corps, upon the extreme right, and had been upon the extreme right a^d in the advance since that campaign had begun ; I probably knew less than any other corps commander, of the posi- tions and relative strength of the several corps of the army. General McClellan remained some two or three days to arrange his affairs, and came with me as far as Warrenton, and then left, having given me all the information he could in reference to the army ; General Hallejk came down to see me on the 11th of November ; on the 9th I made out a plan of operations, in accordance with the order of General Halleck, BURNSIDE'S CAMPAIGlSr. 409 which directed me not only to take command, l)Ut also to state what I proposed to do with it." General Burnside, on the 9tli of JSTovember, sent to General Halleck a plan for a campaign, in which he proposed to concentrate the army in the neighborhood of Warrenton, to make a detached movement across the Eappahannock as a feint, with a view to divert the attention of the enemy and lead him to believe that he was going to move in the direction of Gordonsville, and then to make a rapid movement of the whole army to Fredericksburg, on the north side of the Eap- pahannock. General Burnside, at the same time, requested that barges filled with provisions and forage should be floated to Aquia creek, where they could be easily landed ; that • materials be collected for the reconstruction of the wharves there, and that all the wagons in Washington, that could possibly be spared, should be filled with hard bread and small commissary stores, and, with a large number of beef cattle, started down to Fredericksburg on the road, by way of Dumfries, and that this wagon train and herd of cattle should be preceded by a pontoon train large enough to span the Eappahannock twice. The army was organized into four grand divisions. The right, consisting of the Second and Ninth corps, was com- manded by General Sumner ; the centre, composed of the Third and Fifth corps, was commanded by General Hooker ; the left, being -the First and Sixth corps, was commanded by General Franklin ; and the reserve, the Eleventh corps, was commanded by General Sigel. General Burnside had fully explained all the details of his intended movements to General Halleck, and supposed that General Miegs would promptly seild forward the trains and supplies, but it subsequently turned out, that the authorities at Washington expected that General Burnside would send an officer from the army, to superintend the forwarding of the pontoon-train. On the 16th of November, the army at Warrenton was put in motion towards Fredericksburg, and, on the after- 410 HISTORY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA EESEEVES. noon of the ISth, Sumner's grand division, -whicli was the advance corps, reached Falmouth, and on the following day, the whole Army of the Potomac closed up its columns and encamped opposite Frederickshurg. General Burnside waited anxiously for tidings from the pontoon train, 'fhe Army of the Potomac, unaccustomed to even ordinary daily marches, had, by marching sixteen miles per day, been rapidly transferred from Warrenton to Fredericks- burg ; but, most unfortunately for its success, the pontoon trains had not been started from "Washington until the 19th, or one day after the advance of the army had arrived at Falmouth, and having been delayed by heavy rains and ba;d roads, did not reach the army until several days after the troops had been concentrated opposite Fredericksburg. In the meantime, the enemy had occupied Fredericksburg with so large a force, that it was. deemed impracticable to attempt to cross on but two bridges. General Burnside, believing the bridge trains would reach Falmouth at about the same time that Sumner's troops arrived there, intended to throw Sumner's whole command across the Eappahan- nock, to fill the wagons with small stores, and taking beef cattle for meat, make a rapid movement down the railroad in the direction of Eichmond, and, if possible, meet the enemy and fight a battle before Jackson, who was in the Shenandoah valley, could form a junction with Longstreet, below Fredericksburg. This movement, • however, was rendered impossible by the delay of the pontoon bridges, and all the advantages that had been gained by a silent and rapid movement to Falmouth, were therefore lost. The left grand division, to which the Eeserves were attached, marched from Warrenton through Bealton, and .thence by a road leading to the left from the river, moved off to Stafford Court House, where the troops of the First and Sixth corps encamped until the 10th of December. On the 8th of December, Captain John Cuthbertson, of the Ninth regiment, resigned ; he had been severely wounded in the battle of New Market cross roads, while leading his buenside's campaign-. 411 regiment in tlie desperate charge for the recapture of Cooper's battery, and being unable to rejoin his company, resigned and was appointed provost marshal of the Twenty- fourth district in Pennsylvania. As soon as a suf&cient number of bridges had arrived at Aquia creek. General Burnside ordered them to be brought forward and placed in readiness to be thrown across the Rappahannock ; he then called a council of his generals, to decide on a plan for crossing the river. It was, at first, decided to cross at Skianer's neck, about twelve miles down the river, but the enemy having discovered the movements in that direc'tion, concentrated a large force opposite the neck; the plans were therefore changed; the demonstrations towards Skinner's neck were continued, but active prepara- tions were, at the same time, made to cross at Fredericks- burg. General Burnside expected by this movement to be able to break through the enemy's centre, and to destroy his army in detail. A colored man, who had escaped from the enemy, informed the general that the rebels had cut a aew road along the rear of the heights, back of the city, which connected the two wings of their army. The com- manding general saw the importance of seizing that road, and obtaining a position between the enemy's forces. On the 10th of December, General Burnside ordered the army to cross the Rappahannock on the following morning ; one hundred and seventy-six pieces of artillery were opened on the enemy from the bluffs on the river, and beneath the smoke and fire, the pontoon bridges were laid, and before night, the army had a firm hold on the south bank of the river. Three miles below the city. General Franklin had con^ structed two bridges, secretly, during the night, and on the morning of the 11th, was crossing his troops. Before Tues- day night, the 12th of December, all the troops of the right and left wings had crossed the river, and were in line of battle; Sumner on the right, above Fredericksburg, and Franklin on the left, below the city. General Hooker's 412 HISTORY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA RESEEVES. troops remained on the north bank ready to cross. General Eeynolds, commanding the First corps, formed the left of Franklin's division, and General Meade "was ordered to place his division of Pennsylvania Eeserves on the extreme left of the army. In this position the army bivouacked on Friday night. The plan of battle was to push forward the left wing, and break through the enemy's line, in order to seize and hold the new road connecting the wings of the rebel army. General Lee had constructed his line on the heights beyond the city ; Jackson's corps formed his right wing, with his right resting on the railroad ; General Long- street's corps on the left extended to the river, above Fred- ericksburg. The plan of attack involved the initiatory advance of the left wing. A great work was to be accomplished there, before the army would advance in fuU force to battle. Franklin's grand division numbered nearly forty thousand troops; Reynolds' corps contained about sixteen thousand, and Meade's division, four thousand five hundred. From this division, numbering in the aggregate about forty thousand of the best troops in the army, the remnant of the Eeserve corps. General Meade's division of four thousand five hundred, was designated to lead the charge that was to break through the enemy's lines. Once more the Pennsyl- vania Reserves must lead the Army of the Potomac to battle. The troops on the left were drawn up on a plateau near the river ; immediately in their front there was a depression several hundred yards in width, which extended to the base of the heights beyond; the Rich- mond railroad track lay through this hollow, on its western slope. • East of the railroad the ground was clear and mostly cultivated fields, but beyond the road, and up the slope to the heights, it was covered with woods. The enemy occupied these heights and the wooded slope, and posted a strong line behind the railroad embankment in the hollow. From the nature of the ground, the movements of the rebels were completely screened from view, whilst FEEDEHICKSBURG. 413 every position of tlie National troops was clearly visible to the enemy. The First brigade, commanded by Colonel Sinclair, was formed in line on the right of the division, parallel to Gibbon's division of the First corps, which stood in line of battle on the right of the Eeserves. The Third brigade, commanded by General Jackson, formed on the left of the First ; the Second brigade, commanded by Colonel Magil- ton, was held in reserve. At one o'clock on Saturday afternoon, the line was ordered to advance ; the Sixth regi- ment was deployed as skirmishers in front of the First brigade, and the Ninth regiment skirmished in front of the Third brigade. The skirmishers kept up a steady fire upon the enemy until two o'clock, when the whole line began to advance across the fields in their front. The enemy defended his first line of rifle-pits with great deter- mination, but the steady advance and accurate fire of the First brigade, finally forced him to retire. Th& moment Colonel Sinclair perceived that the enemy faltered, he ordered his brigade to charge. The men rushed forward, leaping over the flitch along the railroad, over the aban- doned intrenchments, and fell upon the enemy in his second line before his forces had time to reform. The rebels threw down their arms and fled in confusion fi-om the wooded MU. The Eeserves dashed after the panic-stricken enemy, until they came upon the third line, where they found the stacked arms of whole regiments, that had fled in hot haste from before the victorious troops of the First brigade. The charge of the Third brigade was equally brilliant and successful. It found the rebels strongly posted behind a stone wall, but the regiments steadily advanced, dislodged the enemy, drove his battery from the hiU, and seizing on a strong position, held it against vastly superior numbers for more than an hour. The Second brigade advanced in support of the First, and became -vcigorously engaged at the raiboad embank- ment, where the Eighth, and the One Hundred and Forty- 414 HISTOET OF THE PENNSYLVANIA EESEKVE3 second regiments were ctecked, and finally canie to a halt, but the other regiments cleared their front and gained the summit of the heights, where they encountered a terrific fire fr6m a concealed foe that suddenly confronted them, and forced them to retire beyond the railroad, but not until they had sent to the rear three hundred prisoners and a stand of rebel colors. The First and Third brigades had completely broken through the enemy's lines, and were able to keep their front clear ; but two-thirds of the rebel army was on their right, and one-third was on their left flank, and unless these hostile forces were vigorously pressed by other troops, they would crush the valiant brigades between them. Unfortunately, General Gibbons' division did not advance in a line parallel to its own front, and ta the line of the Eeserves; and General Birney's division was not promptly ordered up to Meade's support. General Lee saw that his line was broken, and immediately directed all his energies to regain his position on his right centre ; heavy forces were massed against the handful of brave men on the hill. General Meade, quickly discerning the movements of the enemy, seiit repeatedly for reinforcements, but none came up ; his men were firing their last rounds of ammu- nition and could hold out but a few minutes longer; dirty grey, and earth-brown lines of rebel troops were pouring in on the right of them and on the left of them, but firmly believing that, from the tens of thousands of their unen- gaged comrades, lying on their arms close in the rear and within sight of the battle, some corps or division would be sent to their aid, they fought on; strengthened by their faith they moved not a step, but vigorously plied their arms until the last cartridge had been fired, and the enemy was charging down upon both of their unprotected flanlcs. Perceiving the critical situation of his command, General Meade, recollecting that, though fighting in a brigadier- general's uniform, he had in his pocket the commission of a major-general, galloped down to General Birney and FREDERIOKSBUEG. 415 exclaimed, "General, I assume tlie authority of ordering you up to the relief of my men !" General Birney quickly put his division in motion, but it was now too late to do more than to rescue the remnant of the bri- gades, whose broken fragments were slowly retiring from the hill. General Meade says, in his testimony before the Com- mittee on the Conduct of the War: "My division succeeded in driving the enemy from all his advanced works, break- ing through his lines, and occupied the heights he had occupied; piercing his lines entirely, and getting into the presence of his reserves. The division on my right, which I had understood was to have advanced simultaneously with my own, did not advance until I was driven back. It advanced until it came within short range of the enemy, when it halted. The officers could not get the men forward to a charge, and the division was held at bay some twenty or thirty minutes, during which time my division had gone forward. That delay enabled the enemy to concentrate his forces and to attack me in front and on both flanks. I had penetrated so far that I had no support on either flank, and was therefore forced to fall back ; as I came out. General Gibbon's forces advanced, and got as far, probably, as the railroad, which was the enemy's outer line. I think if we had been supported by an advance of the whole line, there is every reason to believe we would have held our ground. The effect of this would have been to have produced the evacuation of the other line of the enemy's works in rear of Fredericksburg." The Eeserves had gained a most brilliant succes ; they had accomplished just what General Burnside had desired they should accomplish. The fruits of the victory were, how- ever, speedily snatched from the victors. Unsupported ia their charge, and unsustained in their victory, the regiments firing to the right, firing to t»he left, and firing to the front, fought valiantly until their ammunition, as well as their hope, was exhausted ; the enemy closiag in upon them on 418 • HISTORY OF THE PENNSTLVANIA EESEEVE3. all sides, they were broken, crushed, and driven from the hills. The broken lines reformed on the plateau from which they had started less than two hours before. Upon calling the rolls it was found, that one hundred and seventy-six had been killed; one thousand one hundred and ninety- seven wounded, and four hundred and sixty-nine were missing. In all, one thousand eight hundred and forty -two were absent from roll-call. Among the number of the dead was General Jackson of the Third brigade, who fell mortally wounded at the head of his command, while in the act of directing the men to charge on a battery that was enfilading their lines. Conrad Feger Jackson was born in Berks county, on the 11th of September, 1813. His father, Isaac Jackson, was a member of the Society of Friends, but in 1812 became a soldier in the army of the United States, and died in 1818, from disease contracted while in the service of his country. Conrad Feger Jackson was named after his maternal grand- father, Conrad Feger, for many years Sheriff of the county of Berks. .Soon after the death of his father, Conrad was taken into the family of his uncle, Joseph Jackson of Chester county, where he was educated in the Society of Friends, and fitted for the active duties of life. At an early age he opened a commission warehouse in Philadelphia; finding the counting house too monotonous for his temperament, he accepted the" appointment of conductor on the Philadel- phia and Reading railroad. In 1845 he was appointed, by President Polk, a lieutenant in the revenue service of the United States, and a year later, was sent to Mexico as bearer of despatches to General Scott. Subsequently he became a conductor on the Pennsylvania railroad, and in 1860, re- signed that position, and assumed the management of the business of a Petroleum Oil Company in Kanawha valley in Virginia. "When the State of Virginia attempted to secede from the Union, Mr. Jackson returned to his native State, and en- tered with great zeal into the service of the Government; FBEDERTCKSBUEG. 417 lie recruited a company, of whicli lie was commissioned captain, and upon the organization of the Ninth regiment, he was promoted to the colonelcy, a position for which he was eminently qualified, as his subsequent career fully demonstrated. His regiment soon became one of the most efficient in the service, and in every battle in which it found the enemy, evinced its superior discipline. On the 17th of July, Colonel Jackson was "promoted to a brigadier-generalship for gallant and meritorious conduct in the battles on the Peninsula, and was assigned to the command of the Third brigade of the Reserve Corps. At the battle of Fredericksburg, General Meade, who was on the right of the division, saw a column of the enemy mov- ing against his left flank, and establishing a battery on a .bluff to enfilade his lines; he immediately despatched his aid, Lieutenant Arthur Dehon, with a message to General Jackson, 'directing him to move his brigade into a ravine and charge the battery in flank. Lieutenant Dehon fell dead just as he was in the act of saluting the general. Though General Jackson did not receive the message, he rode forward to order a similar movement, but as he was about giving the order, he was struck by a volley from the enemy and fell mortally wounded ; yet, so thoroughly were the troops disciplined in battle, that without orders or leader, the men executed the movement, and drove the battery from the field. Well might the commander of such troops, in admiration, beholding their conduct, ex- claim, " every one of those men is fit to be a general officer I" The casualties in the First regiment were two killed, thirty-two wounded, and five captured; in the Second, thirty-one were wounded and thirteen were missing; among the wounded in this regiment were Captains Eichard Ellis and P. J. Smith, and Lieutenant Hugh P. Kennedy ; in the Third, nineteen were killed, forty-nine" wounded and sixty captured; among the killed was Lieutenant Jacob V. Shil- ling, and in the list of wounded were Captain William 27 418 HISTORY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA EESERVES. Brain, and Lieutenant Michael Walters ; in tlie Fonrtli, two were killed, thirty-four wounded and four missing; Lieu- tenant-colonel Woolworth commanding the regiment was among the wounded. In the Fifth regiment, twenty were killed, eighty-eight woijnded,' and sixty-one captured; among the killed were Major Frank Zentzmyer, Captain Charles Wells and Lieutenant David Zentzmyer ; Lieuten- ant-colonel Dare, commanding the regiment, Captains C. D. ShafHe, J. B. Wolfe, and A. D. Collins, and Lieutenants J. H. Livray, J. P. Lucas, John A. WiUoughby and J. K. Kinch were wounded. In company K, of the Fifth regiment, there were three sergeants bound together by the strongest ties of friendship ; they were Christian young men, who at the beginning of their term of service had resolved to read a portion of the Holy Scripture each night before lying down to rest ; also, that no profane or vulgar language should be tolerated from any one while in their tent. These young men pledged them- selves to be a help to each other in times of need, and if sickness, wounds, or death fell upon either, the others were pledged to administer whatever comfort was possible, and finally to transmit to friends at home a report of the fate of their comrade, But when the fierce storm of battle swept along the heights of Fredericksburg, Sergeant James Speaker fell dead upon the field, and near by his side lay Sergeants Edward M. Shreiner and Charles Hol- lands, both mortally wounded, yet each unconscious of the others' presence. When night came, and the rebels were on the field plundering the dead and wounded, Sergeant Shrei- ner was so rudely handled that he groaned aloud, and im- mediately in a weak and low voice, some one inquired, "Edward, is that you?" The companions recognized each other, and Sergeant Hollands gave the sign of Masonic re- cognition, which was responded to by the rebel bending over him, and the fainting comrades were placed side by side. In the morning they were taken to Eichmond. Shreiner died, and was buried in the rebel capital, Hollands rEEDEKICKSBURG. 419 lingered many montts, was paroled and sent to Annapolis. He advised the friends of his slain companions, how they had fallen, and of the final dispositon that had been made of the bodies of Sergeants Shreiner and Speaker, and having thus lived to discharge his last promise, he died in the hospital soon after landing from the steamer. The casualties in the Sixth regiment, commanded by Major Ent, were ten kiUed, ninety-two wounded, and seventeen miss- ing; Lieutenant William Burgess was captured. In the Seventh, six were killed, seventy wounded, and ten captured ; the officers who were wounded in this regiment were Colonel Henry 0. Bolinger, Adjutant Charles M. Stout, and Lieu- tenants J. Q. Snyder and J. S. Zug. . In the Eighth, twenty- two were killed, eighty-six wounded, and twenty-two captured; of the officers. Adjutant J. L. Ingraham and Lieutenant George W. Miller were killed, and Colonel S. M. Baily, Captains R. E. Johnson, John Eichelberger, H. C. Dawson, William Lemon and J. M. Kent, and Lieutenants Samuel McCandlesg, J. A. Diebold, S. B. Bennington, H. H. Maquilkon and James M. Owen were wounded. In the Ninth, four were killed, twenty-seven wounded, and sixteen captured ; among the officers Lieutenant Eeuben M. Long was killed ; T. Brent Swearingen, assistant adjutant general of the Third brigade, and Captain Charles W. Owston, Lieu- tenants 0. S. Mcllvaine and Charles K. Chamberlin, aid-de- camp in Jackson's staff, were wounded. In the Tenth, the casualties were eleven killed, seventy-five wounded, and fifty- one captured ; of the officers, Captain Daniel W. Mayes was killed ; Captains C. M. Over and J. E. Smith, and Lieutenants George L. Knee, H. J. Howe and Alexander McGilkey were wounded. In the Eleventh regiment the casualties num- bered ten killed, one hundred and forty-seven wounded, and fifty-four captured ; Captain William Steward was killed ; the wounded officers were Captain J. P. Speer, and Lieu- tenants L. A. Johnson and Cyrus Butler. In the Twelfth, Adjutant Theodore McMurtrie, Lieutenants Simon Briggs, Edward Snyder, Chil Hazzard, George Huber, and Wm. H. 420 HISTORY OF THE PElSrNSYLVAlSnA EESEEVES. Kern were wounded ; tlie full list of casualties was thirteen killed, seventy wounded, and thirty -four captured. In the Bucktail regiment, commanded by Colonel C. F. Taylor nineteen were killed, one hundred and thirteen wounded, and thirty captured ; the loss of officers was Lieutenant W. B. Jenkins, killed; Colonel Taylor, Captain E. A. Irvin, and Lieutenants 0. D. Jenkins, D. G. McNaughton, Thomas B. Winslow and R. F. Ward were wounded. In battery A five men were killed, Lieutenant William Still and six en- listed men were wounded; in battery B, one man was killed and four wounded; in battery G, one man was killed, three wounded, and five captured; in Captain Ransom's battery, company C, Fifth U. S., five men were woimded, The new regiments that had been attached to the Reserves after the battle of Antietam, fought bravely, proving them- selves worthy of their association ; both sustained heavy losses. ''In the One Hundred and Twenty-first regiment, commanded by Colonel Chapman Biddle, fourteen were killed, eighty -two wounded, and forty-seven captured ; of the officers. Lieutenant George W. Brickly and Mark "W. C. Backlay were killed, and Captains Samuel S. Floyd and William H. Woolridge, and Lieutenant Charles H. Raymond were wounded ; and in the One Hundred and Forty-second, commanded by Colonel R. P. Cummins, seventeen were killed, one hundred and. eighty-two wounded, and forty -five were captured ; among the wounded were Major John Bradley, Captain William H. Haviland, Lieutenants E. B. Hurst, G. J. Gordill, Hugh Cameron, and Cyrus Campbell. At the battle of Fredericksburg, Captain P. I. O'Rourke, of the First regi- ment, had command of the division ambulance corps. Before the fighting commenced, he addressed his stretcher-bearers, and instructed them to keep well to the front, and to carry away the men as soon as they fell. After the First brigade had crossed the railroad and was advancing up the slope beyond. Colonel McCandless, at the head of the brigade, seeing an of&cer riding towards him, turned about, thinking the rider might have a message for him, when, to his sur- FEEDERICKSB0KG. 421 prise, lie discovered that the officer was Captain O'Eourke ; "Why, Captain," said the Colonel, "I thought you had charge of the ambulance train." "So I have," replied the Captain. "What slt6 you doing then out here. on the skir- mish line?" Captain O'Eourke turned his head signifi- cantly, and in a rich Irish brogue replied, "An' Colonel, wiU T find the wounded in the rear?" The troops were rapidly advancing, the dialogue ceased, and each officer addressed himself to his duty, the Colonel directing his soldiers and the Captain urging forward his men to carry to the rear those who fell. It is the testimony of the troops, that they never before saw an ambulance corps so ably commanded during a battle ; and after the army had with- drawn to the North side of the Eappahannock, Captain O'Eourke received the following testimonial, signed by the division and brigade surgeons of the Eeserve Corps : "Captain: The undersigned Having witnessed your gallant and efficient conduct during the late action at Fredericksburg, as com- mander of the ambulance corps, take great pleasure in tendering you this, a voluntary testimonial of their appreciation of your services ; the coolness and energy displayed by you on that trying occasion will ever be remembered by the grateful and suffering wounded, as well as by your friends." General Meade thus reported the battle to General Eeynolds : " Captain : I have the honor to submit the subjoined report of the part taken by this division in the recent operations in the vicinity of Fredericksburg. "This division is composed of three brigades, organized and com- manded as follows : "The First brigade, Colonel "William T. Sinclair, Sixth regiment Pennsylvania Eeserve coi-ps., commanding, consists of the First rifles, (Bucktails,) First, Second, and Sixth regiments Pennsylvania Reserve Corps. "The Second brigade, commanded by Colonel A. L. Magilton, Fourth regiment Pennsylvania Reserve C when it was evident grant's campaign. 537 that the enemy had withdrawn, the brigade was ordered back to the line of the Fifth corps. With the arrival of General Burnside's corps on the Rapidan, a new element was introduced into the Army of the Potomac. The unnatural prejudice of color was over- come, and a division of colored troops was joined to the veteran forces of the great army. These troops were com- manded by General Ferrero, and were employed to guard the trains and to keep open communications with the base of supplies. A correspondent, writing from the Ninth corps on the 20th of May, says :* — " Simultaneously with the attack of Swell's infantry on Tyler's division, a brigade of cavalry came trooping up the plank road quite unexpectedly. General B'errero rapidly formed his men into line at the first alarm, and awaited the coming of the rebels. On their approach they were greeted by a very warm salute from the rifles of the colored boys, and a sudden check was given to their charge. Their progress now become more gradual ; they formed into line of battle and a brisk fight ensued, continuing till nightfall. " The colored troops in this army have not, so far, been engaged to aiiy very great extent; but whenever they have met the enemy, they have exhibited a courage un- expected in view of popular opinion. So far General Fer- rero's, division has repulsed the famous Hampton Legion and the troops above mentioned." This was the beginning of the conquest of a prejudice, both foolish and obstinate, which had been educated into the Army of the Potomac. Battles, victories, wounds, and deaths that followed, carried on to completion the work of reformation, and brought all loyal men to the belief that negroes are brave and will fight. At twelve o'clock on Saturday the Reserves broke camp on the left of the line in front of Spottsylvania Court-house, and marching rapidly to the left, ai rived at Guinney's sta- J. C. Fltzpatiick, correspondent of the Neui York Herald. 538 HISTORY OF THE PENU'SYLVANIA RESEETES. tion on the Fredericksburg and Richmond railroad at six o'clock in the evening. A small body of rebel cavalry was encountered at the station, but was speedily dispersed by the Sixth regiment and the Bucktails, who followed the enemy on the road towards Gatewood-house. At two o'clock on the following morning, Captain Pattee, chief of the pioneer corps, took command of a detachment of one hundred and twenty-five men, detailed from the Tenth and the Bucktail regiments, and made a reconnoissance to Gatewood-house, surprised and routed the enemy and drove him to his intrenchments half a mile to the rear. The detachment retired to the house which the enemy had occupied and held it till daylight. Colonel Bates, com- ,manding Baxter's brigade, temporarily attached to Craw- ford's division, made a reconnoissance to the Telegraph road, three miles from Guinney's station, and ascertained that the enemy had marched southward in large force. This fact Avas reported to General Meade, and at dayhght the troops were ordered to pursue the enemy towards the North Anna. The whole army was put in motion on roads running southeastward parallel to the course of the river Ny. For two weeks the forces had beleaguered the heights around Spottsylvania Court-house, grounds now historic, and associated with fighting as desperate as was ever made by embattled hosts, and maintained by the greatest valor on the part of both armies. The woods and fields around sepulchre the bodies of thousands of brave men, who per- ished in the great cause for which the armed legions of the citizen soldiery of the United States marched, fought, and suffered. This scene of days and nights of battle, the long lines of intrenchments, and the graves of comrades were now abandoned. The commanding general had ordered a flank movement, which would compel the rebel army to evacuate its strong position and retreat towards Eichmond. On the night of the 21st, Hancock's corps was at Bowling Green, eighteen miles south of Fredericksburg. On Sunday, the 22d, at eleven o'clock, the Fifth corps grant's campaign. 539 left Guinney's station and marched down the telegraph road to Bowling Green. The march southward was made with great caution ; Crawford's division was in the advance, and marched with flanking columns moving on both sides ; every house was searched, and a large number of rebels, stragglers from Lee's army, were captured. On the line of march the division passed a shed well-stored with tobacco ; every soldier addicted to its use supplied himself boun- teously, until the large store-house was exhausted. The Fifth corps bivouacked near BowKng- Green on Sunday night; early on Monday morning it resumed the march, passed the Second corps at Milford, and moved on to Jericho ford, on the North Anna river. At one o'clock in the afternoon Hancock arrived with the Second corps, and took a position on the left of the Fifth, extending from the ford down to the railroad. The enemy had already reached this point, and occupied a position on both banks of the river, which had previously been strongly fortified. General Hancock ordered Birney's division to storm the enemy's works on the north bank of the river, and to sieze the bridge across the stream. Skirmishing commenced at two o'clock; at four all the batteries were playing upon the enemy, and a few minutes later General Birney led the charge. The struggle was spirited, but brief; the enemy was forced across the river with great loss, the bridge seized and firmly held, commanded by the artillery. The head of the column of the Fifth corps, Griffin's division, being in the advance, reached the North Anna at one o'clock on Monday afternoon, and, before two o'clock, was crossing at Jericho ford. The river at this point has a rocky bed and precipitous banks; the men waded through the water waist deep and effected a lodgment on the south bank. The enemy did not suppose that a crossing would be attempted sb far up the river, and hence had made no preparations to resist it. Immediately after crossing. Griffin's division was formed in line of battle Cutler's division formed on Grif- 540 HISTORY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA RESERVES. fin's right, and the Pennsylvania Eeserves on the: left. The corps thus formed movdd rapidly forward across an open space, and took position in a woods, where it encountered the enemy's skirmishers. This line was easily pressed back from the wood, which was seized and held by the Fifth corps. General "Warren instructed the troops sent forward to intrench themselves in the woods; the tools had been sent to the front and the men were just com- mencing the work, when Wilcox's division of Hill's corps,- suddenly advanced and made a furious assault on Griffin's division. The enemy poured on the line volley after, volley of musketry, and at the same, time opened a heavy fire from their batteries, and advanced in two lines of battle. Griffin's men, however, btavely resisted the attack, and finally repulsed the rebels with great loss. Findings himself unable to break the centre of Warren's line, the rebel general, Wilcox, made an effiart to turn the right flank ; for this purpose he detached Brown's South Caro- lina brigade, which moved up the railroad, wheeled to the right and fell upon Cutler's division, where he gained a temporary success, but fortunately, the Eighty -third Penn- sylvania regiment, commanded by Lieutenant-colonel De Witt C. McCoy, was moving by the flank, and suddenly coming upon Brown's brigade, handled it so severely that the commanding officer and four hundred of his men were captured, and the remainder, broken and disordered, fled from the woods. The battle extended beyond Griffin's left, and the Eeserves became engaged, principally however, with artillery. General Crawford and staff had gone forward to a house near a woods in front of the line to reconnoitre the country beyond ; the rebels, who then occupied the woods, opened fire, and driDve the officers back to their line of defence. The Tenth regiment and the Bucktails were then advanced into the woodland, and soon became sharply engaged with the enemy's skirmishers, but they continued to press for- ward until they had driven the rebels into an open field grant's campaign. 541 beyond the woods ; a battery then opened on the advancing regiments, -wliicli soon elicited a reply from the reserve artillery, posted on the north bank of the river ; for a short time a spirited engagement was maintained, but when Brown's brigade was destroyed, on the right, the battle ceased, and the Fifth corps was master of the field. Du- ring the battle Colonel Hardin, whose brigade became slightly engaged, was struck on the side by a fragment of a shell, which bruised him severely, but was prevented from entering his body by a large pocket-book which he carried in the side pocket of his coat. In front of Hancock's corps the order was reversed ; the enemy strongly disputed his passage, but when once across the river, his troops were left in quiet possession of their works. The Chesterfield bridge, the northern approaches to which Bimey had seized, was defended by a strong Ute-de-pont ; near the head of the bridge was an extended redan, with a water ditch in front, defended by a line of rifle-pits in the rear. The south bank of the river being high, commanded the north bank, and the enemy's artillery had been posted to sweep the approaches from that direc- tion. Birney's division had stormed all of these works in one terrific charge, seized the bridge, effected a crossing, and remained in undisputed possession. Tuesday was spent in transferring the army to the south bank of the North Anna. Warren held a position of great strength, and no fears were entertained that the enemy would attempt his dislodgement. Wright's corps crossed the river and took a position in rear of the Fifth corps. At the bridge, however, the rebels still held the intrench- raents, rifle-pits, and commanding heights on the south bank ■ of the river, and only a small detachment of Birney's division had effected a crossing. In the afternoon of Tuesday the Pennsylvania Eeserves were ordered to move forward on the left against the rebel flank, and make a diversion in favor of Hancock's corps. 542 HISTOET OF THE PENNSTLVANIA EESEEVEg. Early on Tuesday morning, the 24tli, the Fifth regiment, commanded by Lieutenant-colonel Smith', and the Sixth, Colonel Ent, made a reconnoissance towards the right in front of the line ; they advanced two miles, crossed the Virginia Central Eailroad and captured a largeiiumber of prisoners from a North Carolina brigade. The First regi- ment, commanded by Lietenant-colonel Stewart, was sent down the river to open communication with Hancock's corps. It was a most perilous undertaking. The regi^ ment advanced along the water edge under the bank of the river unobserved by the enemy, and reached Quarrel's ford, , but found it impossible to proceed farther. The enemy had closed in upon its rear, and cut off communication with the division ; Lieutenant-colonel Stewart signaled to Burnside's troops on the north bank, and succeeded, after some dif&eulty, in convincing them that he and his regi- ment were of the National army. Having thus opened communication across the river the men rested. When Warren learned that the First regiment was cut off, he ordered General Cra-wford to advance with his whole division to find his regiment, and to connect with Han- cock. The Eeserves formed in line of battle and marched down the river, keeping the left flank near the stream. At Quarrel's ford the lost regiment was found safely posted under the bank of the North Anna. The enemy gathered in front and on the flanks of the Eeserves in strong force. The division formed a semi-circular line with both flanks resting on the river, the one above and the other below the ford. Crittenden's division of Burn- side's corps crossed over, and passing through Crawford's lines moved out and attacked the enemy. Subsequently the other divisions followed, until all were securely posted on the south bank. Near night Colonel McCoy set out with the Bucktail regiment and the Twelfth Massachusetts to communicate with the right of Warren's corps, and at the same time five conipanies of the First regiment, commanded by Captain grant's campaign. 543 "William L. Bear, moved up the river to connect with Griffin's division ; both of these expeditions were success- ful, and met the Fifth corps advancing towards Quarrel's ford. The presence of Burnside's corps on the south bank; and the advance of the Fifth, uncovered Hancock's front, and allowed his troops to advance across Chesterfield bridge, and the whole army was concentrated on the south bank of the river. Wednesday and Thursday were consumed in bringing up supplies and in the examination of the position of the enemy. It was found that Lee held a strong line, defended by elaborate works, constructed in the form of the sides of an acute angle, the vertex jutting out near the North Anna, and the base resting on Little river, so that the flanks were well protected. General Grant promptly decided not to sacrifice his troops by a direct assault upon Lee's fortified lines ; he, therefore, ordered another movement by the left flank. A demonstration was made against the left wing of the enemy, and Wilson's division of cavalry was sent to threaten the left flank ; whilst the attention of the enemy was thus attracted to the western face of the line, the great Army of the Potomac was, in the darkness of Thursday night, quietly moving back, recrossing the North Anna, and rapidly marching down the river. Sheridan's cavalry corps, which had returned from its great expedition in the rear of Lee's army, was sent to Hanovertown to secure the crossings of the Pamunkey river. The Sixth corps fol- lowed the cavalry, and all day on Friday, the whole army was marching down the roads on the north bank of the Pamunkey. A soldier* in the Fifth regiment of the Ee- serve Corps wrote in his diary on Friday : " Did not hear ' the report of a cannon to-day for the first time since the 5th of May." * W. Hayes Grier, of company A, to whom the author is indebted for valuable notes on Grant's campaign. 544 HISTORY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA EESERVES. The Eeserves bivouacked on Mrs. Orman's plantation on Friday night ; they resumed the march early on Saturday morning, moved rapidly to Hanovertown, crossed the Pa- munkey, and advanced two miles on the Meohanicsville road, where they formed on the left of the army, and threw up a line of intrenchments, facing southward. Later in the day, the division changed front and. constructed a line of rifle- pits at right angle to the first, facing westward. Before night the whole army had come up, and formed in line of battle, facing westward, stretching from the Pamunkey across the Tolopatomoy, and extending southward to a point near Goal Harbor. By this movement of Grant's army, Lee's line of works "between the North Anna and the Little rivers, and on the South Anna, were made of none effect, and he was com- pelled to evacuate his strong positions and face his troops on a new line to resist the advance of the National army towards Mechanics ville and Meadow bridge. On Sunday, the whole line advanced steadily and cau- tiously towards the Chickahominy, but nothing more than a heavy skirmish line of the enemy was encountered. On Monday morning, the 30th of May, Warren's corps crossed the Tolopatomoy ; GlrifSn's division was ordered to advance on the direct road leading from Hanover Court-house to Eichmond ; Crawford's division was directed to move for- ward on the Mechanicsville turnpike, and to connect with Griffin's left. This road was held by the enemy's cavalry, and in the rear of the advance guard a division of Bwell's corps was found drawn up in line of battle. Crawford's position was about a mile north of the enemy's outpost ; he determined to seize the road by a vigorous movement, to throw one brigade across it, and to advance directly on Mechanicsville. Colonel Hardin advanced with the First brigade, pushing forward a strong skirmish line ; he soon found the rebel cavalry, which he drove across the road and occupied it with his own regiments. The Bucktails were sent forward as skirmishers, and grant's campaign. 545 coming upon the rebel cavalry, drove it back towards Bethesda Church. After ad'vancing half a mile, Major Hartshorn reported to Colonel Hardin, that he was being outflanked ; the brigade advanced to his support and soon engaged the enemy in close combat. Colonel Hardin dis- covering that he was confronted by a rebel division, and that both flanks were unprotected, reported the situation to General Crawford. Colonel McCoy, who had gone forward to find Hardin's brigade, went back and brought up Kitch- ing's brigade of Tyler's division to support Colonel Hardin, but before it reached the front, the enemy appeared on both flanks, and the First brigade fell back slowly, fight- ing the enemy as it retired, until it reached a position to be aided by Kitching's troops. The two brigades theh. assaulted the enemy with great energy, and drove back his right wing and centre, but his left extended beyond and enveloped Hardin's right. Colonel Fisher moved up the Third brigade to defend the right flank, whOst the division fell back to the crest of a hill, partially protected by woods and a deep hollow. The Eeserves improvised a line of defences by piling up rails, logs, and earth, and coolly awaited the attack of the enemy. Colonel Fisher's brigade was posted across a ravine on the right ; the First brigade occupied open ground in the centre, and ■Kitching's was posted on the left. Two pieces of artil- lery were placed on a ridge on Hardin's left, and two on his right. These dispositions had scarcely been made, when the enemy's batteries opened and the battle commenced. The Eeserves calmly awaited the approach of the rebels until they were within one hundred yards of the defenses, then suddenly the regiments opened a furious fire, pouring volley after volley of musketry upon the advancing line. The batteries delivered their fire with good effect, and the enemy's column was broken and driven back. Three times the rebels advanced to dislodge the Reserves, but were each time repulsed with heavy loss ; the hostile flag was shot down three times and was not again raised. The 35 546 HISTOET OF THE PESTNSYLVANIA EESERVES. gallant Reserves then advanced from their works, charged upon the enemy, captured seventy prisoners and drove the the rebel division in confusion and disorder from the field. A colonel, five line officers, and three hundred privates were left dead on the field by the enemy. The battle opened fiercely at six o'clock in the evening, and extended along the whole line of the Fifth corps — General Grif&n's division on the right. Cutler's in the centre, and Crawford's on the left. . The rebels assaulted the corps in a sudden and determined attack. They ad- vanced in two lines of battle with a heavy skirmish line in front. Simultaneously with their opening volley of musketry, came the death-dealing solid shot and shell, from a spore of hostile guns. The lines of the Fifth corps stood firm and unmoved as a wall of iron. In their furious haste the rebel assailants overshot their mark, and their shower of missiles swept harmlessly over the heads of the National troops. Schooled by the ordeal of numerous battles, to such fierce onsets, the men coolly withheld their fire until the enemy had appeared within easy range, then, with an aim too deadly to contem- plate, they poured forth their murderous volleys, rapidly, incessantly, terrible beyond endurance. The assaulting columns were cut to pieces, broken into fragments, and disappeared as if dissolved into smoke by the heat of battle. The first is replaced by a second, the second by a third column of attack, but all are successively swept from the field. Upon the line held by the Reserves the assaults were more numerous and more determined than further to the right, but the valor of the heroes who had survived their time of service, was equal to the emergency. In proportion as the strength of the foe was greater, were his dead more nume- rous in front of the line of the Reserves. This was the last day of their term of service. The battle field was within six miles of Beaver dam creek, where, less than two years before, they had won a great victory over a superior MUSTER OUT. 547 foe — the end being thus brought near to the beginning in point of territory, the brave two thousand that remained of the ten thousand that fought at Mechanicsville, resolved that the .end of the service of the Reserve Corps should be glorious as its beginning was patriotic. To a succession of brilliant achievements from Dranesville to Gettysburg, without a blemish to mar the story of their greatness, without a defeat to tarnish their unsullied banners, or a blemish to detract from their fame, the battle of Bethesda church, is a most proper ending. On Tuesday morning, the 31st of May, the Reserve Corps was relieved and led back to the headquarters of the Fifth corps, to take leave of General Warren. Later in the day they crossed the Tolopatomoy, and prepared to depart from the army. The Reserves entered upon the campaign on the 1st of May, 1864, with a force of three thousand four hundred and sixty, officers and men. Of these, six officers were killed, forty-one were wounded, and thirty were captured ; ninety seven enlisted men were killed, six hundred and twenty were wounded, and five hundred and four were captured, making a total of one thousand two hundred and ninety-nine. One hundred and twenty-four officers, and two thousand and thirty-eight men were all that remained of the Reserves in the Army of the Potomac on the 1st of June. The Third and Fourth regiments were in Western Virginia, and the Eighth and Ninth had been relieved from duty early in May. From the thirteen regiments of infantry, one thousand seven hundred and fifty -nine men re-enlisted, and were organized into the One hundred and ninetieth and One hundred and ninty-first regiments of Pennsyl- vania volunteers, and marched with the Army of the Poto- mac to Petersburg, and participated in all its subsequent operations. About twelve hundred officers and men re- turned to the State of Pennsylvania, and were mustered out of. the service of the United States. 548 HISTORY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA EESEEVE3. On the 1st of June General Crawford issued the follow- ing farewell order to his troops : Soldiers of the Pennstlvaitia Reserves : — To-day the connec- tion which has so long existed between us is to be severed forever. I have no power to express to ypu the feelings of gratitude and affection that I bear to you, nor the deep regret with which I now part from you. As a Division you have ever been faithful and devoted soldiers, and you have nobly sustained me in the many trying scenes through which we have passed, with an unwavering fidelity. The record of your service terminates gloriously, and "the Wilderness," " Spottsylvania Court-house," and "Bethesda Church," have been added to the long list of battles and of triumphs that have marked your career. Go home to the great State that sent you forth three years ago to battle for her honor and to strike for her in the great cause of the country, take back your soiled and war-worn banners, ycur thinned and shattered ranks, and let them tell how you have performed your trust. Take back those banners sacred from the glorious associations that surround them, sacred with the memories of our fallen comrades who gave their lives to defend them, and give them again into the keeping of the State forever. The duties of the hour prevent me from accompanying you, but my heart will follow you long after you return, and it shall ever be my pride that I was once your commander, and that side by side we fought and suffered through campaigns which will stand unexampled in history. Farewell, S. W. Crawford. The comrades parted on the banks of the Tolopatomoy at nine o'clock on the morning of the 1st of June, the veterans to march to the front, and those who had not re-enlisted to return to their homes. They marched down the north bank of the Pamuukey, having in charge six hundred rebel prisoners and a long train of ambulances and wagons, carrying wounded soldiers to the transports at White House. The troops embarked at White House on the 3d, and sailed for Washington, where they arrived on the evening of the following day. From Washington they were transported by railroad to Harris- burg, where they arrived at nine o'clock on the morning of the 6th of June. The civil and military authorities of the State, and the MUSTER OUT. 549 citizens of Harrisburg had made preparations to receive their returning heroes with becoming ceremonies. The Harrisburg Telegraph thus reported the scene at the Capital: "Market street, from the river bank to the depot, on both sides, was one dense mass of men, women and chil- dren. We never before witnessed so large a gathering of our people. All who could get out were on the sidewalks. The old man of three score and ten jostled the youth of scarce one score — ^the maiden in her blushing beauty and with beaming eyes, ready to welcome the heroes with her, sweetest smiles, stood by the anxious and wondering matron, solicitous, as mothers only can be, as to whether 'the dear boys' were not glad with their return home, and with eyes overflowing with tears, when the thought called forth the inquiry, as to how many mothers all over, the State, would weep in vain for the return of their sons who marched forth to battle with the Eeserves. This thronging crowd waited patiently until the court-house bell rang the signal, and at half-past eleven the train which carried the Reserves approached the city ; while it was on the bridge that spans the Susquehannah another great crowd assembled at the foot of Mulberry street, and as the train left the bridge at that locality the enthu- siasm of the people broke forth in the wildest and most tumultuous cheering. Such a scene we never before witnessed. For a moment it was feared that hundreds would be mangled beneath the wheels of the cars. The rush all along Mulberry street was tremendous, and as the train passed over that portion of the road and reached the depot, the crowd increased until the avenue was filled with an excited, enthusiastic, and even tumultuous mass of human beings. While all this was going on as the train passed to the depot, the bells of the city were ringing, and from every street, avenue and alley crowds of people hurried to the depot. "As soon as the train stopped, the troops began with great order to disembark. But there was no time offered 550; HISTOET OF THE PENNSYLVANIA RESERVES. for the display of mu6h discipline; and the men were at once conveyed to the 'Soldiers' Eetreat,' where a substantial collation awaited them. Before and after the men had finished their collation, warm greetings took place between old friends and companions in arms. These were eloquent and impressive. We saw strong men grasping each others' hands while big tears glistened on their brown cheeks — we noticed other salutations, full of that rough sincerity which distinguishes the true soldier — while others again were perfectly uncontrollable, literally wild with joy at finding themselves once more among their friends.'' Chief JV^arshal William H. Kepner formed a column comprising the mayor of the city and the councils, the firemen, the civic societies, the Eirst New York artillery, with the soldiers of 1812 ; the line stretched along the entire length of Market street. That thoroughfare was splendidly decorated with flags, the hotels and private residences vieing with each other, in the display, whilst all the principal places of business were closed to permit the employees to participate in the reception. At half-past eleven o'clock, the signal, given fi-om Capitol Hill, announced the moving of the column, and as the procession wheeled from Market into Front street, it passed in review before the Governor of the State, who, accompanied by the attorney-general, Mr. Meredith, and his personal staff in carriages, awaited the' approach of the military. When the column of the Eeserves approached Governor Curtin, he bowed a welcome to the troops of his favorite corps, who, immediately recognizing their ever faithful friend, rent the air with shouts and cheers. A Salute of one hundred guns fired by the battery added its deep-toned echoes to the cheers of the people, and the wildest enthusiasm prevailed. As soon as the Eeserves had passed, the Governor and staff took their position in the procession, and the column moved on amidst the joyous demonstrations of the citizens, who had done all MUSTEK OUT. 551 that a grateful people could do, to give an honorable welcome to tte returning soldiers. When the head of the column reached the Capitol grounds, the enthusiasm was most intense. Countermarch- ing along the south front of the Capitol, the line was halted and the ceremonies of the formal reception took place. Mayor Roumfort addressed the Eeserves as follows : Hail, Bbate Soldiers of Pknnstlvakia: — In the name of the city of Harrisburg, I greet you with a hearty -welcome to the Capital of the State. During the three years of your absence I have heard the most glowing accounts of your conduct as soldiers, and discipline as men. Three years ago you marched from the State Capital about twenty- thousand strong. 'Tou now return with your ranks decimated to about two thousand men. We have heard the glorious accounts of your victories, which has resounded through the State from the AUeghenies to the Delaware. It was the intention of the citizens of Harrisburg to give you a dinner on this very spot to-day, but you have taken us by surprise! Tou have completely outflanked us. We had no time to perfect our arrangements, and it is now proposed that on Wednesday next, at two P. M., we will give'you a dinner. We will make it at a time when you wUl enjoy a good meal. We will take you to our own firesides, to mingle with our families, where you will once more realize the full pleasures of your own fireside, under your own viae and fig tree. After the address of Mayor Eoumfort, Governor Cur- tin appeared on the steps of the Capitol, and then ensued a scene of enthusiasm scarce equalled in the history pf the old State House itself. After quiet was partially restored, the Governor proceeded to address the vast multitude. The cheers were so vehement during the delivery of the address that, frequently, the voice of the speaker could scarcely be heard. He said : — I thank you, Mr. Mayor, and the people of this city, for this most hearty welcome. The hearts of the people are indeed stirred; the presence of this shattered remnant of a once mighty corps speaks, if I may be .pardoned the expression, a volume in an instant ; and I am Utterly at a loss to find language to express to you the sentiments and feelings of the people of Pennsylvania towards you; it may be, 552 HISTOEY OF THE PENIJSYIiVAlsriA EESEEVES. hownver, compressed into this brief sentence : " You have done your whole duty to your country." Three years ago you left the State a mighty army, .and hastened to the then endangered and beleaguered Capital of your country, and nearly that length of time has past since at that Capital, while you were nobly guarding the citadel of a nation's honor, and the metropolis of a nation of freemen, I had the honor to commit to your care these standards, which tattered and torn, but covered with the evidences of lofty service, you return in honor to the State to-day. Tou have never visited the State since then save once. Once you came back to Pennsylvania, and then we all heard of " Round-top," at Gfettysburg. When the rest gave way, we heard your shouts around the strong- holds of the foe in that devoted country, and to you— to the Reserves of Pennsylvania — belong the honor of changing the tide of battle there. I cannot speak of your deeds, they have passed into history, and I have not time to enumerate the battles you have been in. History, I repeat, has recorded all you have done for your country. To-day I feel proud of my ofiBce, for here, speaking for the whole people of Pennsylvania, and in their name, I declare their belief that the KBCOKD OF the PENN STLVA If IA RbSEKVES IB WITHOUT SPOT OB BLEMISH. I this day thank God that we, at the right moment, armed the Reserves. Of the heroic dead I am not quahfled to speak ; you have left them on the battle-fields of the Republic, and upon thpir graves centres the gratitude of a grateful people. I say I cannot speak of them ; — I am not equal to it ; the field of the dead "rushes red on my sight," and language fails me. But I can welcome you to your homes, from the North to the South, from the East to the West, the voice of the old Commonwealth bids you welcome, and the people refer with pride ana pleasure to the part this great State has borne in this contest, from Dranesville down to Bethesda Church where you struck your heaviest blows. May you all find a happy welcome to your homes ! May you ever be marked as brave men who served their country faithfully in times of great peril. May you never regret that you belonged to the Pennsylvania Reserve Corps, fighting on every battle-field of the Republic. With this welcome I bid you farewell ; / had something to do imth making the Beserve Corps — God be blessed! I am not ashamed to boast in this multitudinous assemblage of sun- burnt, bronzed faces, that I have stood by the Reserve Corps in all their histoiy. I bid you welcome freely. Colonel Fisher, who commanded the division on its return, and Colonel McCandless replied to the Mayor and MUSTER OUT. 553 the Governor, and thanked the authorities and the citizens for the generous welcome they had given the soldiers. Colonel R. Bfddle Eoberts, who commanded a regiment in the Reserve Corps for two years, and who was present as a member of Governor Curtin's staff, was recognized by his old companions in arms, and was compelled by their pro- longed cheering to come forward and address them. He briefly expressed his gratification at meeting his brave comrades, and added his congratulations to those of his fel- low-citizens upon the brilliancy of their record and their relief from arduous service. The soiled and battle- worn banners of the Reserves, most of them torn into ribbons, which still clung to the staff, were folded and deposited in the Capitol of the State, as honorable mementos of the men who defended them. The troops then marched away to their rendezvous, and the people dispersed. The day on which the Pennsylvania Reserve Corps left the Army of the Potomac, the battle which it had so valiantly begun was continued. On Tuesday night, the 31st of May, "Wright's Corps evacuated its line, on the extreme right of Grant's army, and moved down the Hanover Court-house road to Coal Harbor. A division of Sheridan's cavalry had preceded the Sixth corps, and held the strategic position until the arrival of the infantry on Wednesday. In the afternoon, General Smith arrived with the Eighteenth and part of the Tenth corps, near Coal Harbor. The two corps moved forward to attack the enemy at Gaines' mill. The relative positions of the hostile forces was the reverse of those in the battle of 27th of June, 1862. Then, Jackson was at Coal Harbor, and Porter was at Gaines' mill. The result was also reversed. There the National troops were defeated ; but on the 1st of June, 1864 the rebels were dislodged and driven from the field. On Wednesday night, Hancock's corps moved from the extreme right along the rear of the line and took post on the extreme left. 554 HISTORY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA EESEEVE3. A violent rain storin, an'd tte rapid rise in the Chicka- hominy, postponed the attack which had been arranged for Thursday. The line of battle was formecl, with Burnside on the extreme right, Warren on his left, Smith in the centre, Wright on the left centre, and Hancock on the extreme left. The line was nearly parallel with the Chick- ahominy, with the left centre in front of Coal Harbor, at which place Grant and Meade established their headquar- ters. The rebel army was strongly posted on the north bank of the Chickahominy. Grant ordered an assault to be made at half past four o'clock on Friday morning. The troops rested on Thursday, and slept quietly on Thursday night. At the appointed hour, all were in line, and in readiness for the work of death that awaited them. Mr. Swinton, who was on the field, wrote as follows : "Skirmishers are thrown out, and presently meet the enemy's pickets, as we learn by the smart fusilade we hear. Our artillery opens ; the rebels respond ; and in a moment the deadly conflict is joined. " The metaphysicians say that time is nought, is but a category of thought,* and I think it must be so, for into ten mortal minutes this morning was crowded an age of action. Ten minutes of the figment men call time, and yet that scant space decided a battle ! There are a thousand details, ten thousand episodes, but the essential matter is this : that that first rush of advance carried our whole front butt up against a line of works which we were unable to break through, or, breaking through, were unable to hold. Con- ceive of this in the large — the fierce onslaught, amid deaf- ening volleys of musketry and the thunder of artillery, and the wild, mad yell of battle, and see the lines mown down, and the lines break here and there, and the sullen, obstinate retreat, every inch contested, and we shall then be able to descend to some of the points of action as they individu- alize themselves along the line." The battle of Friday morning was ended. The National Army strengthened its intrenohments, and awaited the next MUSTER OUT. 555 order of its commander. At the close of evening twilight, heavy columns of the enemy emerged from his works in front of Hancock and Wright, and advanced to a furious assault. The troops that in the morning had been repulsed from the rebel works, now waited with vengeful joy the approach of the rebels, that they might repay them with equal volleys, wounds, and death. The enemy's columns came forward, charging up to the intrenchments. but were everywhere hurled back and driven into their lines with great loss. The armies held their positions facing each other until the 11th, when Grant quickly withdrew across the Chicka- hominy, marched to the James and crossed that river below City Point, on Tuesday, the 14th of June. Smith's corps had gone to the White House, where it embarked, sailed by Yorktown and Fortress Monroe, and, passing up the James, landed near City Point and advanced against Petersburg. The other corps soon followed, and the besiegement of the rebel Capital began. In April, 1864, the second brigade of the Eeserve Corps, which was in camp at Alexandria, was divided; the Seventh and Eighth regiments joined the division at Bristoe station, and the Third and Fourth were ordered to Western Vir- ginia. After spending a short time in guarding the railroad near Harper's Ferry, the regiments were ordered to New Creek, on the Baltimore and Ohio Eailroad ; subsequently they marched to Webster, and were, about the last of the month, ordered to join General Crook's expedition at Brownstown, on the Kanawha river. Colonel Sickel accom- panied the Third and Fourth regiments, which, with two other regiments, formed a brigade under his command. These troops moved up the valley through Fayetteville and Ealeigh, over Great Flat-top mountain, passed through Eocky gap, and, on the iiight of the 8th of May, bivouacked near Cloyd's mountain. General Crook's whole army advanced towards the mountain at five o'clock in the morning of the 9th, and soon discovered the enemy, who was strongly posted on the crest. Dispositions were speedily 556 HISTORY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA EESEEVES. made to dislodge the rebels, and, at eleven o'clock, the troops were ordered to assault the position. Colonel Sickel's brig- ade was posted at the south base of the mountain, and ordered to direct its charge up the slope in its front. The Third regiment, commanded by Captain Jacob Lenhart, Jr., formed on the left of the Fourth, which was commanded by Colonel Woolworth. As the brigade advanced from the cover of the woods into an open space, the enemy opened with terrific volleys of grape and canister that took deadly effect on the ranks of the regiments. The troops, however, pressed steadily forward until within two hundred yards of the intrenchments, when they opened fire upon the enemy. Three color-bearers were shot down in the Third regiment; but still the proud banner waived defiantly at the foe. It was quickly discovered that a continuance of the direct assault would produce unnecessary carnage in the regi- ments. The brigade therefore moved rapidly to the left oblique, so as to secure the protection of the hill, and then advanced up the steep and rugged mountain side, gained the flank of the rebel position, and in one desperate charge fell upon the terrified Confederates and drove them from the mountain ; the whole army gained the heights, and victory crowned the banners of National troops. But to the six hundred Eeserves it was victory at the price of the lives and blood of many brave men. About one-sixth of this number was left dead or wounded on the field. Captain Lenhart, commanding the Third regiment, was severely wounded early in the fight, and Colonel Woolworth fell mortally wounded in front of the enemy's batteries. Eichard Hobson Woolworth was born in November, 1824, at Mantuaville. He received a liberal education in the schools, and a thorough business training in the large commercial houses of Philadelphia. He afterwards became clerk and confidential adviser in one of the largest and most reputable firms engaged in the business of stock and exchange brokerage, and maintained that relation until within two years of the breaking out of the rebellion, when MUSTEK OUT. 557 he embarked in the same business for himself. In 1845, he received a commission as captain of one of the volunteer companies that had been raised as a protection against the riots occurring in Philadelphia about that time under the first call for troops. In 1861, under the first call for troops, a company was raised in Germantown, and, at the request of the citizens and officers, Mr. Wool worth drilled and prepared the men for active service, and when another company was organized in Germantown, to be offered as part of the Reserve Corps, he accepted the captaincy. The company was mus- tered into service, and with six others mustered in at the same time, and, in charge of Captain Wool worth, was ordered to Camp Washington. Upon the formation of the Tliird regiment, Captain Woolworth was elected Major. Whilst the Corps was at Fredericksburg, before it went to the Penin- sula, Major Woolworth was ordered to the Fourth regiment to serve as lieutenant-colonel, in which capacity he acted through the Peninsular campaign. At the battle of New Market crossroads he was severely wounded, was taken prisoner in the hospital the day after the battle, and was carried to Richmond. After remaining there a short time he was paroled and sent to the hospital on David's Island, New York, where, thirty days after the battle, a portion of his coat was taken from the wound. In a few weeks, being able to leave the hospital at New York, he was sent to his home, in Philadelphia. He reported for duty while still lame, and led his command in Burnside's campaign ; at the battle of Fredericksburg he was struck by a spent ball in the left groin, the contusion from which compelled him to remain in the hospital about two weeks. Early in 1863, upon the resignation of Colonel Magilton, he was promoted to the colonelcy of the Fourth regiment. ■ When the Third and Fourth regiments were sent to the vicinity of Harper's Ferry, Colonel Woolworth commanded, for a time, a brigade having charge of the railroad from Martinsburg to Frederick. He marched with General Crook's expedition through southwestern Virginia, and on 558 msTOET OF the pennstlvania eeserves. the 9th of May, 1864, fell, mortally wounded by a grape shot in his left groin, whilst leading his regiment, and chargiDg a battery in position, at the battle of Cloyd's Mountain. He died in a very few minutes thereafter, and was buried on the field. In the fall of 1863 a gentleman of wealth, in Philadelphia, desired to form a copartnership with Colonel Woolworth in the business of stock and exchange brokerage, and re- quested Hon. Charles Gilpin to transmit the proposition to his nephew in the army. The offer was most tempting; the regiment was then in camp at Alexandria, where it had been detailed on guard duty against the wishes, and in despite the remonstrances, of both officers and men ; it was there- fore the most opportune season to invite an officer to resign. Colonel Woolworth, however, was a noble patriot, a gentle- man of high character, and a conscientious officer, and could not, without doing violence to his own sense of honor, quit the service. The following is his reply : Camp Fourth BegH. P. B. G., Sept. 9, 1863. Deak TJNCtE : I duly received thine of the 7th, and am truly grateful to our friend for his kind and generous offer. I should feel it my duty to accept it imder other circumstances ; but as I have voluntarily sworn to serve the United States well and truly for three years, I do not feel at liberty to tender my resignation. I think that the oflBcers are as much bound by their oath as the enlisted men. Particularly, as many of the latter have enlisted through the example of those higher in position. Officers who resign now are not much thought of by those who remain in service. The remaining ten months will soon slip round, and then, should I be spared, I hope to be with you again. Tell my friend I am very sorry to decline his proposal, and hope I may have an opportunity of expressing my thanks to him personally. With kind regards to all the family, I remain truly, R. H. WOOLWOETH. Lieutenant-colonel Thomas T. B. Tapper succeeded Colo- nel Woolworth in the command of the Fourth regiment. After the battle at Cloyd's mountain, the Eeserve regi- ments were left on the field to bury the dead, provide for MUSTER OUT. 559 the wounded, and secure the arms and ammunition captured from the enemy. This labor consumed the day, and at night the ambulance train, carrying all the wounded that could be removed, was put in motion towards Dublin station, on the Virginia Central railroad, where it arrived about midnight. On the following day, the march was resumed, and before twelve o'clock the enemy was again encountered at a bridge across New river. The Third and Fourth regiments were ordered to take post on the left, to drive the rebel sharpshooters from the opposite bank of the river, and to destroy the bridge. In the execution of this movement, the regiments were brought under the fire of the enemy's artillery, which wounded several of the men. They accomplished their work on the left, whilst the troops on the right attacked and routed the enemy, who fled in great haste to the mountains. Colonel Sickel's brigade remained with Gene- ral Crook's army in its advance along the line of the rail- road, but was not again engaged. "When the army in the valley of the Shenandoah was driven back from Staunton, the forces in Western Virginia returned to the line of the Kanawha. The term of service of the two regiments of Eeserves having expired, they were sent up the Ohio river to Pittsburg, and thence to Harrisburg, where they were mustered out on the 17th of June. Meanwhile the regi- ments that had returned from the Army of the Potomac, had been mustered out of service, and the men had gone to their homes. Whilst in camp at Harrisburg waiting to be mustered out, the Eeserves invited General McCall, who had organized and first commanded the corps, to come to Camp Curtin and take a, final leave from his soldiers and companions in arms; General McCall responded to the 'request, and went from Westchester to Harrisburg, to visit the remnant of the powerful corps he had, three years before, led from the State. The meeting of the soldiers was enthusiastic and affecting. The hearts that had burned with battle zeal at DranesviLle, Mechanicsville, Gaines' 560 HISTORY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA RESERVES mill and New Market cross roads, were now filled with tenderest emotions ; and the eyes, that had so often been brightened at the sight of tte hero of the Peninsular battles, as he rode along the fiery lines, were now swimming in tears of affectionate memory. The general briefly addressed the men who were drawn around him in camp, and then parted from them, reluctantly as an honored chieftain from his devoted followers. As rapidly as the companies were mustered out at Harrisburg, Pittsburg and Philadelphia, they were trans- ported to the several counties in which they had been organized. The citizens in every part of the State made ample preparations to receive back, in honor, the heroes of so many triumphant campaigns. In almost every county, the people turned out en masse to welcome home the vete- rans, who had survived the terrible ordeal of battle and death, through which the Eeserve corps had passed, in defence of Union, Liberty and Eepublican government; ample collations were spread, and the soldiers returning from the war, were invited to partake of the richest viands and the choicest dainties, that the ingenuity and wealth of the people of the great Commonwealth could procure. Men and women of all classes of society vied with each other in zeal to do honor to the soldiers of the Nation. The highest talent in the State was employed to pronounce orations of welcome, and to render prayerful thanks to Almighty God, for the protection, deliverance, and return vouchsafed to the remnant of the Eeserves; A large proportion of the officers and men who wire mustered out soon re-entered the service. Many of the privates recruited companies and led them to the field, and the officers, commissioned to higher ranks, rejoined the firmy. Colonel Hardin, of the Twelfth, was, on the 2d of July, appointed to a brigadier-generalship and assigned to a command in the defences of Washington ; Colonel Sickel rejoined the Army of the Potomac in command of the One hundred and ninty-eighth regiment of Pennsylvania volun- MUSTER OUT. 561 teers ; and Major Hartshorn, one of the gallant commanders of the Bucktail regiment, -was commissioned colonel of the One hundred and nintieth regiment, which was composed of the re-enlisted Reserves. ITumerous efforts had been made by Governor Curtin and by the people of the state to preserve the organization of the Eeserve Corps until the end of the war ; but the authorities at "Washington, adopting an unbending policy that would be applicable to the regiments from all the states, but which was wholly inapplicable to the conditions of the Eeserve Corps, rendered it impracticable to continue the organization of the Corps beyond the original term of enlistment. Froin the beginning of the war against the Southern rebels until the commencement of the seige of Petersburg no body of troops had achieved a fame so distinct and so universal, as that which attached to the name of the Pennsylvania Eeserve Corps. Other troops fought as well. Eegiments from Pennsylvania and from other States wrought out glorious histories that will ever be remembered by a grateful posterity, but these fought, in almost every in- stance, as parts of brigades that were without a permanent name; the Eeserves fought battles and won victories of their own ; and hence secured to themselves a wider fame in the history of the Nation's struggle up from partial to universal Freedom. The several regiments will have places in the regimental catalogue of the State, but over and above these, with a more enduring lustre, will span the glorious bow of honor, overarching the banners of the Corps. The memory of the dead will be more sacred, and the names of the living more honorable, not only because the men fought in one of the fifteen regiments comprised in this organization, but because they are enrolled as Pennsylvania Eeserves. 562 HISTORY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA RESERVES. CHAPTER XIII. REGIMENTAL ROLLS AND INDIVIDUAL RECORDS. Muster-out Eoll of tte First regimeutj P. E. 0., commanded by Colonel W. Cooper Talley, originally commanded by Colonel E. Biddle Eoberts. Called into service on the Gth day of June, 1861 : mus- tered out on tbe 13th day of June, 1864. Soil of Field and Staff Officers. ■William C. Talley, colonel." » » William W. Stewart, lieut.-col.» '"i Tobias B. Kaufman, major.' ' ' Alfred Rupert, 1st It. and adj't.' ' '" John A. Waggoner, 1st It., r. q. m.» John Barber, surgeon" Stephen L. Chilson, asst. surgeon. William B. Gregg, chaplain. Isaac W. Kurtz, sergeant-major." " Jacob ResFer, qu. mr. sergeant.' " James Lewis, chief bugler. R. Biddle Roberts, colonel. Lemuel Todd, major. L. W. Read, surgeon." E. DeBrenneman, asst. surgeon.* Discharged. Henry M. Mclntyre, lleut.-col.'* Jno. C. Harvey, 1st It. and adjt." John A. McGinley, chaplain. Transferred. David M. Myers, com. sergt.' Jacob Diffenderfer, chf. musician.' Eoll of Compaay A, commanded liy Captain Mott Hooton, originally commanded ty Captain H. H. Kclntyie. Mott Hooton, captain." Brinton J. Parke, 1st lieut." Blains, Edward.*^ Brinton, David R. P.' '=^6 water Brinton, Lewis.' Bugless, John K.' Carpenter, Albert.'^ Chalfant, Myers S.° Cochran, William C." Colwell, Charles." Darlington, Joseph, corp." ' ^ ' Deneane, Joseph W.' Pulton, John L.' Pisher, John.'^ Ferry, Thomas R." Hammond, William B., sergt." Harvey, Perlee W.' '^ Hickman, Charles H." ' Hoopes, Pierce, Jr.' Ingram, Charles H." Ii-win, Wilson." James, Joseph, sergt." " ° Lambom, Hadley." Large, George W.° 1 Dranesville. ^ Malvern hill, s Mechanicsville. * Bull Run. s Gai nes' mill. ^ South Mouatain. < Kev Market cross roads. ° Autietam. s Frederictsburg. 10 Gettysburg. 11 Bristoe station. 12 jiijieEan. 15 Wilderness. 14 SpottsylvamiaC.H. 16 North Anna. 10 Bethesda Church. MUSTEK-OUT EOLL OF THE FIRST EEGIMENT. 563 Law, John H." Matlock, Wilson M., corp " " Mell, William G.= Mendeuhall, Luther, corp.*' Mercer, Pierson.- McAllister, James y." Ottey, Albin P.« Palmer, George W., corp.« « Parker, Dillwyn.' PraH, Lewis M." Price, Philip, 1st sergt.» Proudfit, Joseph M.' « < Robinson, Lewis H.' is Shellady, Frank, eorp.'« ' Smith, Henry T.^ Smith, Isaac R., corp.» '« Smith, Levi, waeoner.' i" " Smith, Samuel fl."" Scott, Joseph H." « Stem, Charles P.» 3 "0 Shellady, James B." Turner, William H.'^"" Way, Joseph.' * Discharged. Cheney W. Neilds, 1st lieut.* Barker, Matthew.'' Brogan, Wilham C Bngless, John.' Bugles, Thomas H.» Cope, Emmor B., sergt.» Creigb, James J.» Dariington, Chandler." Darlington, Wm. Henry, coip.> ' Evans, Albert 8.' » '» ■ i Puthy, Robert, corp." Gregg, Harman H.'* Hannum, Davis E.= Jefferies, Edward C.= Johnson, William C" Maloney, Thomas J., sergt." Marsh, Ralph, corp." Miller, Wilmer W., sergt." McCann, Thomas.* Mclntyre, Joseph R." McLaughlin, Joseph.* Russell, Enos M.' ' Scott, Joseph M." Scott, J. Wallace, corp." Snare, William S." Speakman, Charles." Steward, Joseph L." Taylor, George P." Tinsley, Edward W." « • Walters, Henry, corp." Walters, William H." Welsh, Rees.f8 Transferred. Henry M. Mclntyre, captain." '* John W. Neilds, captain." Charles W. Lambom, 1st lieut." Bennett, John N., corp.' Cunningham, Charles P., mus'n.' Gillespie, John E., corp."' Hood, Andrew, wagoner.' Davis, Edward.' Harlan, George W.' Hennesy, William H.' Hoopes, Abner.' Hoopes, James G.* Hoopes, Passmore W.' Mercer, George A., corp.' Mooney, James C, sergt."" ' Paull, William R ' Rigg, Hanford H., corp.' Rupert, Alfred." ' '<> ° Sheaff, Charles S., corp.' Ruthaven, Henry.' Woodward, Lewis M., sergt." ' Young, Daniel.'' ^ ' J)ied. Buchanan, John W.' '" Jenkins, Benjamin H., sergt."'" McLaughlin, James." Nields, Thomas S., corp.'' « Oswald, Joseph W., corp.'' * Pratt, Joseph h.< ^ Spackman, Thomas C, corp.' "• Tinsley, Abraham.' ' Missing in Action. Catron, Eli R." '« Herrington, Jacob W." Deserted. Harkins, Thomas. Madden, Andrew. » Promoted. b Captured. c Thruugh all eampai^s. * To Vet. Keserve Corps. e Disability. f Wounded in action. e To serve unexpired term. I» Honorably, by Sec'y of War. I Detached. k Killed iu action. 1 By re^enllatment, v. T, 564 HISTOBT OF THE PEIfNSTLVANIA BESEBVE3. EoU of company B, oommanded ty Captain Wm. L. Bear, originally commanded by Cap- tain Ihos. B, Baiton. Wm. L. Bear, captain.' " Milton Weidler, 1st lieut." ' Philip L. Sprecher, 2d lient." " Bauman, George M., corp.' ^ * * » Benedict, Benjamin F." Bitzer, Tiiomas J.'^' Black, Thomas S., corp.» ' « lo Bonce, George.' Ohilds, Charles A. Coffey, James." Dellet, William L." Engle, George W.° Friday, Frederick.'* " Greenawalt, Abram B.'= Hartman, Lewis S., corp." "= ' '^ Hine, Jacob D.f*i»» Heistand, Henry J.= ' Hoffmeier, Wm. M." Holt, Eobert." Horner, George W." Judge, Thomas, musician." Kendig, George W." ^ u Killian, Henry M.' " "= Marshbank, Robert B."'" Metzger, Emanuel C, sergt.' '' '* " Metzger, Henry.' " Miller, George B.° Moss, John A.' ■= Myer, Grabill B.' "» • Myers, Gilbert C.° McCauley, H. C." ' '* McClain, Jno. C" * « Nauman, John L., corp." " ' " Nyman, Ambrose F.' O'Rourke, Washington.' ' '» " Parvin, Theodore C." <*'< Price, Tliomas P.= Eobmson, Jno.= Rutter, John K., corp." ' ' ° Stauffef, William D., corp." " Steers, Isaac B.° Strachan, James E. Steinheiser, George F.' Swope, George K., corp.' ' '^ » Vames, Henry C' ° Wenditz, Tfiieodore, sergt.' ' ' ' Wortz, John M., corp.' » "" Discharged. Thos. B. Barton, captain. = Harry Hook, 1st lieut. Wm. E. Murray, 2d lieut.' ' Beaj-, Abraham E.' Barr, Edward F." Cox, George A., corp." Banner, Thomas J." Everts, Strickler R., hos. st.»» Fisher, James G." Frankfort, Edward." Freeland, Edward D.' ' Gable, Jacob F." Hackman, Henry.' Haines, F. D., musician.* Hart Mathias." Harvey, Jno. C." Humes, James G.» Keiffer, Thompson." Keller, M. V. B.'"* Kline, Christian. "> * Kurtz, Obed." Leonard, William.'' Mishler, Henry.'' Mohow, Jacob.' * Miller, Samuel S." McClain, Wm. G.' McCuIly, James T." McGinuis, Peter L."" McGrann, John J., musician." Pinkerton, Charles R. C." Powers, Ambrose C." Quinn, Patrick.'* Eenner, JohnB." Saunders, Dan. L.' ' * Strachan, Samuel S." Thomas, Joseph R." Weidel, John, corp.' •> * Transferred Bitner, Albert H.« Bowman, Charles.* Buford, W. H. H.« Cake, Wm. J., 1st sergt.* " "* ' Duchman, Aug. C, corp.'* * Erchholtz, Jo£i C.' ^'s"" ™i" Heiser, Peter M., sergt." « "* ' Homp, Wm. Henry.s Leeders, Charles." ' Miller, Jacob M.* Moffit, James."' Murpliy, Calvin L."" * ' « 1 ]>raDeBTllle. 2 Meclianics-ville. * Gaiaes' mill. * New Market cross roads 6 Malrern hill. « Bull Kun, 7 Soutli Mountain. 8 Antietam. Fredei'lcksbarg. 10 Gettyslaurg. ^ Bristoe station, 12 Mine Ron. '3 Wilderness. 1* SpottsylvaniaC.H. 16 North Anna. IS Belhesda Church. MUSTER-OUT BOLL OF THE FIEST REGIMENT. 565 Many, "Wm. E.s Ochs, George H.' ' <> Rauch, Lewis A., sergt." « ' " ' Rock, Miles." ''s""' """ns Rooney, Joseph C* Settley, Samuel.s Sliaeffer, John.s Siiece, Frert.K Steers, Thos. J.' « • Stone, Aug.* Died. Afflebach, William.'' ^ Bear, Nathan S." » Bubb, Wm. H.'>>« Cox, Wm. W.' 2 Feller, Henry.'* Forney, Isaac H.' ' Harman, Wm. B.' ""^ = Lutz, James A. H.' ^ McCracken, Jno. C, sergt.'« Rutter, Joseph J.' "> Whitlock, Franklin.' Zellers, Jacob T.' * Deserters. Davis, Charles. Staley, Wm. H. Soil of company 0, commanded by Captain Jos, E. T. Ooates, originally commanded by Captain Samuel A, Syer. Jos. R. T. Coates, captain." ' " Edwin Larkin, 1st lieut." " John M. Thomppon, 2d lieut.* Armstrong, Oliver C, corp.'° Ashbridge, James, corp.' s i o Dougherty, James.' ^ i o Hamilton, Archibald, sergt.' " Helms, Isaac." Jones, John, corp.° Korsh, Heniy." Lasccun, David, corp." Lusby, James.' """7 McFate, Frank.' » Paist, William G." Rider, William.' Robs, Richard R.* Stowe, William.' " Summers, David. Vanzant, Thomas." Williams, Samuel.""* Worsley, George."" Discharged. S. A. Dyer, captain." Clineff, William." Dougherty, Charles." Fields, George. >" Flaville, Edward E., corp." Hickman, Edward. "^ Hill, Horace.'" Hinds, Samuel." i Howard, William." Lord, Samuel." Miller, Peter."" McAfee, George, corp.'"" Quany, John H." Kidgway, William O., sergt.* • Roebuck, John."" Royal, David." Suplee, Jesse. ■" Stevenson, David."" Stilwell, WiUiam." Stewart, James."" Smith, William." Taylor, Wilham H." " , Vaughn, Jacob Keen, 1st sergt.' ^ " Walker, Collins." Williams, John If., corp." Williamson, Thomas. "" Wray, Thomas."" Waters, Patrick."" Transferred. Alrich, William J.'2ig Binney, Charles, sergt.* Devlin, John.'"*" Donelson, David.' ' « Duttcn, William. G Edwards, George.' '^ • s Elliott, George.' "e Elliott, Edward.s Gause, Bernard W., 1st sergi.« Holsten, Luke.^ » Promoted. t Captured, e Thi-ongh aU campaigns. ^ To Yet. Seserre Corps. e Disability. ' Wounded in action. g To serve unexpired term. li Honorably, by Sec'y of War. i Detached. k Killed in action 1 By re-enlistment, v. v. 566 HISTORY OF THE PEKNSyLYAISriA EESEBVE3. Huff, John.e Jones, Ralph.' Lemmon, George.' Martin, Joseph.e McCabe, Edward.e McCoy, William.' McNamee. Thomas, sergt.' " s Schofielcl, Lane, corp.« Shaw, Andrew.' s Vanzant, Abraham, musician.^ "Welsh, Robert, sergt.' « '» e Wray, Robert.' ^ lo g Died. John H. Taylor, 2d lieut.' ' Coates, Aquilla. " Hobough, Henry.' Mills, Robert.' '» McGarrey, Thomas.' '^ Paddock, Robert." ' Pollock, James.'* Porter, John." ' Sohofield, John T." '« Towhsend, Charles.*'" Webb, Alfred G." » Wesler, Solomon." " Deserted. Ardis; Samuel. Bemford, William. Booth, John. Brophy, John. Butler, Edward. Cuny, William. Everham, Thomas. Tarrend, Edward. Grady, Michael. Hudson, Robert. Hurst, John. Johnson, John. Lammy, William. McClusky, Henry. Mills, Thomas. McDonald, John, corp. Roach, Matthew. Riley, James. Rice, Thomas. Sanders, James. Saulsbury, Robert. Smith, John E. Stelsing, Ansen. Tui-ner, Joseph. Welch, George. Wood, William. Eoll of company D, commanded iy Captain William G. 'Wasson, crigiiially commanded by Oaptaia George H. Hess. William G. Wasson, captain.' * ■ ° William M. Trapnell, 1st lieut." ° Boyle, James, wagoner. Brady, Miller."*" Davis, Frederick.' -f, Grosh, Charles R.'*° Harner, Amos F."" ° Heiney, David.' ^ Heffle, John B." Herr, Samuel.' •> * * Hill, John." Hoak, AmosD."* Hoffman, Valentine." Hughes, Hiram." Jacobs, Israel.' '" " Kise, John W.° Klineyoung, William, musician. Love, Uriah H." * ' « McGlune, Lindley, corp.'* ° McFarland, John.' " * Peeks, William. Powers, Freeman." Sourbeer, John.' Taylor, Abram J. sergt.' ^ • Tripple, Charles D.' * " Tweed, William." Wasson, Charles K., sergt." Wertz, Robert.' " White, Samuel.' " ^'enu <»n« Disdharged. Calvin B. Kendig, Ist lieut."" David Warfel, 2d lieul. " Beichall, John." Clark, E. M." Deitrick, Joseph.'' Dern, C^iarles.'' Graham, T. L." Hawthorne, Aldus.'* 1 Dranesville. 2 Mechanicsvilld. * Gaiijes* Mill. * New Market cross roads. B Ma»lvem hill. 6 Bull Run. 7 South Mountain, s Antietam. 8 Fredericksburg. 10 Gettysburg. 11 Bristoe station. ^ Mine JBun. 15 Wilderness. 1* Spottsylvania C.H. w North Anna. 16 Bethesda Cbnich. MUSTER-OUT EOLL OF THE FIEST EEGIMENT, 567, Heiney, George." Hiller, Jacob. ° Homberger, Charles.'* Johnson, Amos.° Kilbom, Francis.'* Knight, Joseph.' « Lanning, George.'' Miller, George.'* McCoy, William.' 6 McFarland, Samuel." Ohmite, Samuel.'* Rhodes, John." Shoff, Henry." Sourbeer, Amos M., 1st sergt.^'' Sourbeer, Franklin, corp." Wright, WiUiam.'* Transferred. Allison, William." ' Bechtold, John J.' "™«^ Bowers, William J.* Brown, William." ' Brubecker, Abraham.' ' " ' Bruce, WiUiam, corp." ' Buggies, BarzUles ' Campbell, Samuel." ' Creswell, James.' Davler, John D., corp." ' Diffcnderfer, Jacob, musician.' Finney, Jacob, corp.' Flick, Joseph."' Fralick. Aaron.' Funk, Ehas, sergt." ' Gilbert, 'ilohn, corp." ' Groff, Samuel P.'8" I Hamilton, David." ' Johnston, Jacob.' Kauffman, Daniel." ' King, Charles B.' Kline, Lemon.'' Lemmon, George M. D., sergt."' Musser, Isaac." McBride, Peter.'"*"' McCabe, Michdel.'" * ' Pickel, Samuel, 1st sergt." ■ Reed, John.' Schaub, Jacob.* Smith, Franklin.' Urban, Benjamin F.' Urban, John W.' " * ' Vierling, Frederick." ' Webb, William J.. a Wiihelm, Zachariah."* Will, Hiram.1 Wilson, Uril.' Died. George H. Hess, captain.' * Barber, James." Beatty, Mark.' '» Bushom, Amos." Courtney, John R., sergt.** Gamer, Gotleib.' * Gordon, Samuel.'' * Haverstick, Amos.' * Kughn, Jesse M.' ' '* Maynard, JoLn." Pickel, Henry, corp.'' ' Robinson, Samuel."* Scott, Robert." = Hamish, Jacob.'* Deserted. Byers, Jacob. Ferguson, John. Henninger, Christian. Lafferty, William, corp.'* Williamson, William. £oU of company E, commanded by Gaptam Fatiick I. O'Bonrke, originally commanded by Captain Aldns J. Heff. P. I. O'Rourke, captain." '* ' William T. McPhail, 1st lieut." '* ' Black, William." Blackbiim, James." Cooper, Samuel J." Elliott, John." '2 Foreman, Joseph, corp." • Fralich, Daniel C »="5' Hauke, Philip B., 3d sergt.'* « Mercer, George A., 1st sergt.'* ' Seibert, John, corp.' '* " Weiler, Jacob, 2d sergt.' '* " » Promoted. b Captured. c Through all campaigns. * To Vet. Keserve Corps. e Disability. f Wounded in action. ff To serve unexpired term, b Honorably, by Sec'y of War. i Detached, k Killed in action, 1 By re-enlistment, t. t. 568 HISTORY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA KESERVES. Baymount, Isaac." ' Flick, Henry." Foreman, Harrison.% Grow, John W.° Hen-, Lorenzo D." Hoover, Henry.' ' ° Hosselbach, Francis. Hughes, David N. Jackson, Jolin." Kline, John." Lamberti, David." Lefevre, Elam. Lithgow, David." Masiin, John H." Morrison, John S.' ' McComsey, "William, teamster.' Patton, Edvcin C. \ Potts, Junius B.'» Rettican. John." Rinier, Jacob." Short, Andrew." Werntz, George L.' Winnower, George.'^ Discharged,. Aument, Amos." DowAing, David." Garber, John, musician." Hopwood, John, corp." Keene, George W.' * Manger, William." Markley, Charles A." Maynard, Ambrose, sergt." Mi.chsack, Augustus." O'Neill, Charles, corp.» Pickle, Isaac." Reed, John C." Riley, John." Ruth, David, corp.'* Strickler, Jacob." White, John." Worth, Joseph P." Tramferred. Albright, Adam.' Aument, Franklin.' Aument, William F-, sergt.'*' Backett, James.' Brighton, Daniel T.' Cunningham, Israel." Cunningham, James." ' Curley, William B.' Dougherty, Andrew.' Eicherly, John, musician.' Precht, James.' Hahn, George.' Harman, Cyrus.' Heighstreet, Jacob D., corp.'^ ' Hoover, Benjamin.' Hughes, William." * Keene, Joseph ' ' ^ King, George W.'*' Lefevre, John L.' Lockwood, George T., sergt." • Lonoir, William A.' ' Miller, Alfred H.' McOall, Franklin.'*' McKeegan, John.'^ * Phrame, Rohrer J.."' Rinier, Samuel, corp." ' Shaner, Joseph.' Styer, Jonathan, musician.' Templeton, Jacob.' Died. Aldus J. Neff, captain.' * Armstrong, Henry." '" Brindle, Jacob." Cohick, Sixmuel.''* Crumer, Jacob." "> * '« Dunkle, Benjamin P." Eshbach, Richard.'' * Getz, Jacob." •' Greenly, Andrew J." Hannum, Abel R." « Hargraves, William P." Hoover, William." ' Hultzhouse, Elam.'^ Kaley, Jesse.'' ' Kauffman, Jacob.'' * Keetch, George." Kunkle, Peter." Miller, George."' Morrison, Jasper, corp.'*' Plum, Ignat." Raker, John.'' ^ Ruth, Hiram". " Stark, Charles." * Wherry, John A." Wolbert, Peter." « Deserted, Coleman, Henry A. Elmyer, George. Gross, Joseph. Hughes, Edward. Milton, William. Stoner, Samuel. 1 Dranesville. 2 Mechanicsvllle. 8 Oainos' mill. * I4ew Market cross roads. 6 Malvern Mil. Bull Run. 7 Soutli Mouutaia. 8 AnUetam. 3 Fredericksburg. 30 Gettysburg. 11 Brisloe station. 12 Mine Run. 13 Wilderness. "SpottsylvaniaCH. 3S North Anna. >' Bethesda Cliaich. MUSTER-OUT EOLL OF THE FIRST REGIMENT. 569 EoU of company F, oommajiaod liy Captein Joseph P. Drew, oiiginaUy commanded by Captain W. 0. TaUey. Joseph P. Drew, captain.* John F. Gorman, 1st lieut.» Alcott, John." Baldwin, Pratt, corp." "■ Bootfi, Squire." Bradley, Joseph."" * Bradley, Edmond.'' " Burk, William. Cantwell, John." Cairoll, Arthur. Carr, Colwell.* Coyle, Edmond.* Dean, James P., sergt." Doyle, Patrick.'*" Furguson, John G.° Fiye, John P." Gatchel, William T."6 « Griffith, George."" Green, Dennis. Glass, Thomas. '^ ^aupt, Joseph S. M., corp." Haycock, Henry.' '" <■ Jones, George M." Knox, Joseph O.'^ Lees, William. JLewis, James, corp." Mathews, Alexander C* Machermon, James.* Mott, Joseph S. McBride, Wesley." McDade, Daniel W."= Pennypacker, James F.* Smith, Thomas: Townsend, Edward." Temple, George W." Discharged. WiHiam Cooper Talley, capt." Henry Huddleson, 1st lieut.'' James S. Peters, 3d lieut. Baker, John."" Bentles, Jacob C, sergt." Bradley, William." Briggs, Henry.' ^ Brophy, John." Buttz, John." Buitz, Samuel, sergt." Clark, James.'* " Dawson, William." Gamble, John." Greenlee, David." Griffith, Hayes P., musician.' Grosmire, John." Guiford, William." Henby, Isaac." James, Joshua." Mills, Thomas." McDade, John." Nevlin, Michael." Neal, Jonathan R." O'Neal, Edmond." Oakey, James.' ^ Pilkington, Adam." Parker, George W." Parker, Samuel." Pome, William." Scott, Moses." Stacy, William." Turner, James W.° Weild, John." Wilson, Joseph S., corp." Transferred. Blain, John, sergt." ' iBlair, John, sergt." ' Carr, Leonard.' Cohen, James." Dennis, James.' Dougherty, Joseph.s Drake, William B., musician.' Fitzgerald, Edward." ' Gray, William, corp.' Green, Harrison, corp." Haney, John.' Jones, John W.' Richardson, William.' Sham, James, e Simington, George W., sergt." ' Missing in Action. David, George.' " MoDaniel, John, 1st sergt." '^" Roberts, John C.'s 'S" Died. Bailey, Henry.* ^ Busted, Israel.' '» Cheltham, Charles W.'' * Fitzgerald, John, sergt." " a Promoted. b Captured c Throngb all campaigns, ' To Vet. EeserTe Corps. e Disability. f Wounded inaction. e To eerve unexpired term. b Honorably, by Sec'y of War. i Detached. k Killed in action. 1 By re-enlistment, f . t. 570 HISTORY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA EESERVEg. Glass, James.* Gormon, James.' ^ Howard, John.'* Kernes, Haines.'* Kilroy, Jclin." « Maklem, Michael.' " Mills, Joseph." Sheaff, Charles F., 1st sergt.' Smith, Edward." « Stewart, John." Tliomas, Oliver. * Wyatt, James.'' * Barr, Washington. Cook, J. Weslie. Faulkes, William. Galloway, Thomas. Gilkin, Hemy. Gray, Samuel. Horner, Thomas. Humphrey, George. Kelley, Barney. McCracken, John. Walters, Frazier. Webb, Jacob Z. Willson, James. Wilson, James. Whiteman, Joseph. Whiteman, Thomas. Eoll of company G, oommanded by Captain Jolin B, Dobson. John R. Dobson, captain.' '" Joseph Taggart, 1st lieut.' ' Baugh, Joseph." Bell, Amos.» Bertless,'Stott, corp.'* '" » Bowers, John.'^ Chandler, William E., 1st sergt.' ^ Chantry, William.' Conklin, Joseph." Ooffman. Joseph." Cook, William G." » » Dottra, David, corp." " Dunbar, Maurice." Eaches, John T., corp."" * » Eisenbrey, Edward.' Ewing, Samuel, corp."" * Findlay, George W., corp.> " Friday, Washington.' " Harley, Franklin, corp." ° Hunter, Wilham.' * ° Jones, John ?.>> * Jeffers, Henry." Kennedy, William J., Corp." ' '^ Livingston, Hugh.' ^ o Lilley, Samuel C Leslie, George.' Madden, Charles, musician.'" March, Jacob M.' " Millingtnn, William.'*'' Munshower, Thomas." Mc Adams, Thomas." McAffee, William." McCoy, William W.' 8" McCoy, Washington.' ^ McLaughlin, Cochran.'' ^^'^' e»p Nailer, John P." Nichols, Jamesi T., musician.' " Oberholtzer, Isaac' " Raysor, Frederick.' ' " Stackhouse, Nelson E." Spotten, Robert.' 9" Spare, Gordon A." Spear, Andrew." Sloan, James." * " Schwenck, James.* Waters, Morgan." Woodland, Benjamin.' * Widdicombe, William P." " Joseph T. McCord, 1st lieut.'" * Barron, Charles A." Bennett, Stephen."^ Bradley, Wilham H.» Buck, George.'? Clegg, William H.'* Davis, Samuel E.' "> Dorman, Francis." Fritz, Edward." Hunter, James T.''' Longacker, Jerome." Phillips, James, sergt." Powers, William H., sergt." Shaw, Benjamin." Showalter, William B." S.aith, Matthias.'* 1 DriinoBville. ^ Malvern hill. 2 Mfjchanicsville. ® Bull Run. * Oaiues' mill. "i South Mountain. * New Market cross roads. 8 Antietam. Fredericksburg. JO Gettysburg. JJ Bristoe station. 12 Mine Kun. 13 Wilderness. "SpottsylvaniaC.H. IS. Nnrth Anna. 10 Betheeda Glinrch.^ MJJSTEH-OUT ROLL OF THE FIEST REGIMENT. 571 Vanderslice, John A.' Vanderslice, Nicholas.' s Vanderslice, William T.'' Vannaman, Joseph." Watson, Joseph L." Woodland, William.'* Yeager, John W.'* Trangferred. Dennis, Isaac, teamster." ' Force, George W.'* '" Frey, Charles, sergt.' '" ■= ' Horton, John, corp.' ' ° i Keely, Edward Sl'S'^ Keely, William L., sergt.'* ■ Kurtz, Isaac W." ° Miller, William, teamster.' ^ " ' Mills, John.' Philhps, Davis M.' Kenshaw, George W., teamster.' Tencate, Frederick A." Vanderslice, Hamilton, sergt." ' Weeks, John M., teamster." ' Wilhams, Charles E.' ■" Yerger, William H., sergt."' Josiah White, 2d lieut." ' Armitage, Charles, 1st sergt." " Batt, Henry." ' Bradley, Joel E." ^ Deniihorne, William, corp." Fritz, Levi." Force, Abel S.'' '» Miller, Milton N.' ^ Miller, Nelson T.'' s Power, John M." ' Powers, George H., sergt." Smith, Joseph.'' ■> Virtue, Thomas.'' * Wahel, Joseph.' 's Deserted. Buck, Robert. Clay, Isaac. Haulthousen, William. McCoy, Michael. McCracken, Edward. Whiteman, Joseph. Boll of company H, commanded By Captain F, Marion MoManns, originally commanded by Captain Eoliert McCartney. P. Marion McManus, captain." ' ' John A. Crowl, 1st lieut." " Askew, Isaac. " Blair, John A., corp.' ^ » Corbett, William, corp."" Dougherty, James." Dice, Levi." Doimelly, Elias. Foose, Andrew J." Ginger, David.'" "> " Hoffman, Henry." Kelly, Albert." Kelly, Henry.'* Richey, Augustin.'" Reifsnyder, Levi." " Stringfellow, John.'* Walker, William.'" Widner, Jacob." Wolf, Samuel. Dischwrged. Robert McCartney, captain. '■'="'«°"* John A. Waggoner, 2d lieut.' Bernard, Aaron A." Bretz, William H.'" Burkholder, Charles." Clayton, Oswald." Fritz, John P." Hastings, William R., corp." Henwood, Theodore." Lamason, Jacob.' '" Lay, Samuel M." Lease, Henry A.' '" Lime, Levi." Linekuhl, Henry." McFeely, George." Nunemaker, William." Reighter, Charles." Righter, Andrew J., sergt.'" Rodgers, Lewis." Rockay, John." Stringfellow, Israel.' Thomas, James R.' Whiteman, Conrad.' » Prnmoted. b CiipLuied. c Through all campaigns. ^ To Vet. Ileserve Corpa. e Disability. f Wounded in action g To sprve unexpired term. li Honorably, by Sec'y of War. i Detacbed. k Killed in action 1 By re-enlistment, v. v. 572 HISTORY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA RESERVES. Transferred. Brown, Frederick.' ' " ' Brown, John.' " ' Cree, Alexander.' * " ' Deaner, Frederick, corp."' Donnelly, James, musician." ' Ewing, Joseph B., corp.' '= " ' Graham, Henry A., corp.' '» ' " Graham, William A.'* "' Heizer, Abraham, sergt.' ^ ' Koontz, Lewis.' '■' " ' Miller, Henry, teamster.' Mun-ay, Francis B.' '■' ° ' McGlaughlin, James P., sergt.' '" ' McManus, Robert, sergt.' '^ " ' Shaffer, John.' Smith, James.' Snyder, James P.° ' White, Samuel. "^"T " '2 Woiley, Jeremiah.' Died. John P. Diven, captain.' ' ' Joseph Stuart, 1st lieut.^ ' Askew, David, corp.!* '^ Baker, Samuel S.' * '* Black, John.' "> Clouser, John.* '" Donnelly, William.* '" Griffith, Thomas C* ' Hunt, Franklin D., sergt.' * "• Kauffman, Christian.' ^ Morrison, Frederick, corp.'' * Morton, George W.' Park, James. ^""=* Quigley, William.'" Wat&on, William.' * Kissinger, David P., Ist sergt." ' » " Degerted. Brisbane, John P., 1st sergt.* Deemer, Alexander, corp. Dile, George W. Gilbert, Thomas. Harding, William. Humer, Willis, musician. Lewis, James. Minich, Jacob L. Stewart, Joseph. Boll of company I, commanded by Oaptain Isaiah H, Graliami oiiginally commanded l}y Captain Lemuel Todd. Isaiah H. Graham, captain.' * • William B. Wolf, 1st lieut." '*'<•= Aughinbaugh, George B.' Baker, Hiram.' Baxter, Samuel, sergt.' ' '< " Baxter, William H., corp.'" '■• Bear, David R.' ° Cornman, Henry P.' "^ Clark, Lafayette.'" Debuff, John B." Gorgas, Isaac.'" * ° Hilton, Miller." Jacobs, Francis X." Keller, George A., 1st sergt."" Mulgrew, William, sergt."" Morrison, Thomas G.' '° ° McClure, George W." * Eahn, George W., corp." ° Ritner, Henry C ' ° Sennet, William." Sennet, Francis."" * Shanabrough, Joseph, sergt." • Shoop, George W.' ^ '" Sloanaker, Ellis, sergt." ° Underwood, George. Wardecker, Frederick." Wasson, John, corp." ' ^ " DiscJiarged. George W. Crop, captain. William D. Halbert, 1st lieut." Allison, Joseph, musician." Bobbs, Charles." Broderick, James, sergt." Burnsides, Charles, corp." Clark, William." Cronover. Willson." Doyle, Martin E." Drexler, George." 1 DranesviUe. 2 Mechanicsville. ' Oainps' mill, * New Market cross roads. 6 Malvern Mil. » Bull Run. 7 Soutb Monntain. 8 Antletam. 5 Fredericksburg. 10 Gettysburg. 1' Bristoe station. 12 Mine Buo. , i» Wilderness. " Spottsylvanla C.H '5 North Anna. u Bethesda Chorch. MUSTEB-OUT BOLL OF THE FIEST BEGIMENT. 573 Edwards, Jefferson.'' Hockley, Davis.' < Kintz, Jacot).' Linthurst, Charles W., corp.' s Lee, Edgar.'' MuUin, Greorge H.» MuUin, Levi H., corp.» Schuckert, Philip,. corp.» Smiley, Robert, sergti= Spottswood, WiUiam.' Ulrich, TerreU." Underwood, James.'' Wingart, Isaac L.' Transferred. Lemuel Todd, captain." Tobias B. Kauffman, captain." ' ' Boggs, Jacob." ' Brown, Adam."= ' Frederick, John.s Lrvin, James, i' Lightner, Peter M.k Slussler, John." ' Swan, Thomas." ' 'IHed. Baker, John.' Buttorf, Joseph.'' •* Dunlap, William." Duffy, John." Gould, Charles F.' ^ Kennedy, Levi.'" Lusk, John.' '» Lampey, George H.' '* Smith, Samuel S.' s Smith, David R.f4 Taylor, John T." Wiilson, Franklin." Musing in Action. Hildwine, Gottlieb, corp.' ^ " Irvin, Theodore.' lo 1 1> 's Mathias, John W.' " " Baily, John T. Baker, David. Baker, Jacob. Baker, George, corp. BeU, Thomas J., musician. Carlan, James. Gunter, Harrison. Hoffert, Benjamin, corp. Kramer, George. Little, George. Lutz, James. Menninger, Tista. McBride, William. McCallister, Wipiam. McClay, James. Moudy, William. Morrett, Eli. Shriver, Benjamin. Teeple, Asher K., corp. Windowmaker, Jacob W. Boll of company E, commanded \ij Captain Henry M, Minnigb, originally commanded by Captain Edwaid McFlieison, , (This company was on detached dnty during the battle of Fiedeiicksbnig, Deoembei 13th, 1862.) Henry M. Minnigh, captain.' ^ » o George E. Kitzmiller, 1st lieut." '' ■• " Beamer, Henry H., corp." " Brandon, John C, sergt." ' '' ■• Culbertson, James, corp." ' '" Casson, Geo. C, corp." '* Bealls, Charles W." Bingaman, Samuel." Blocher, Andrew H."" ■• " Caufman, Henry W.'* Cox, George W.° Danner, H. Knox. Dixon, Samuel." Gibbs, George W." Jacobs, John H." Jones, Henry H." Johns, David E.° Jobe, WiUiam T.' « • Mackley, Jacob." Mackley, John P., corp." " Megary, William R." Miller, M. Murray, sergt." " McGonigal, James, sergt." ° Eobison, D. W." Rouzer, James M.° Riggs, William A." » Promoted. b Captured. c Through all campaigns. * To Vet. Eeserve Corps. e Disability. t Wounded in action. g To serve unexpired term. li Honorably, by Sec'y of War. i Detached. k Killed in action. 1 By re-enlistment, t, t. 574 HISTORY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA EESEEVE3. Eemmel, David E. H." Slagle, Andrew A.; corp."' Stewart, David M.'* Young, Samuel A., sergti" Prisoner of Wa/r. Stouffer, Jacob. " " Edward McPherson, captain."'^'^ J. J. Herron, 2d lieut. '=»'«"=* Caufman, Cliarles W.'* Divine, Bernard.' wauei? Dixon, William.^ Eyster, Samuel H.'* Fanns, Hiram Z.° Hart, Levi Z.' , Henry, Peter H., Bergt.'T HoUinger, Philip.^ Hortkins, Henry.° Houck, PMlip L., sergt." Lady, Hiram.' Myers, Jno. Jefferson." Pierce, Z. Slians.* Khoads, Andrew H." Shaffer, David." » Siplinger, Mathias Z.» Tawney, Charles Z., corp." Trimmer, William." Woods, Alex. L. C, sergt.' W. W. Stewart, captain.'*' Arendt, Jacob W.s Bailey, Daniel D., corp.°* Baker, Joseph H., corp.° ' Bearde, Obid M."' Brandon, Isaac M., corp.' Chronister, Amos." ' Cassatt, Samuel Z." ' Duey, John Z.'' < > Durboran, Z. Newton.' ^^"^ ""'^ Elden, H. W. C Foutz, Adam.' Gardner, Amos F.' Gilbert, Charles E., musician.*' Gondermeith, Paul.' Hamilton, Calvin.' '^ ^ Hamilton, Joseph, corp.'» Harbaugh, Calvin." ' Harbaugh, Peter S., sergt." ' Keckler, Samuel Z." ' Leech, Elijah L." ' Monteer, Henry E.' ■" " ' Mumper, William."' * ' Myers, David M." McKinney, Robert T., Corp." ' Nailor, Wilson E., musician.' '" ° ' Ogden, John A.' Pittinger, John F." ' Pensyl, George W.' Resser, Jacob, corp.= ' Rosensteel, John H." ' Sheads, Robert E.' Sheets, Samuel.' Swisher, Charles E.e Woodring, David H.° ' Died. John F. Bailey, captain.*^ John D. Sadler, 1st lieut.' ' Creamer, John S." Keim, Frederick A." Miller, Peter." ' Myers, George W.' McGren, William.' "> McKinney, John Z." Naylor, Jeremiah E ■* ^ Shank, Jesse." Shipley, John W.'' '* Wisotzkey, Craig F.' « Deserted. Bingaman, David. Gardner, Richard P. Hart, Bernard. Hilderbrandt, John F. Metcalfe, Wooster B. •Weber, Frank. 1 DraneSTille. 3 MecliaDicsvUle. 8 Caines' mill. 4£f6w Market crossroads. 6 Malvern hill. « Bull Eun. ^ South Mountain. B Antletam. » Fredericksburg. 10 Gettysburg. 11 Bristoe station, 12 Mine Eun. IS Wilderness. " SpottsylvautaCH. 15 North Anna. 1° Eethesda Charah. MUSTER-OUT BOLL OF THE SECOND EEGIMENT. 575 Eoll of the Second regiment, P. E. 0., commanded by Colonel William McCandless, originally conunanded by Colonel William B. Mann. Called into service on the 27tli day of May, 1861 ; mustered out on the 6th day of June, 1864. BoU of Field mi Staff Omcers. William McCandless, colonel."' ^ is Patrick McDbnough, lieut.-col.* Richard Ellis, major.' Edward Donnelly, surgeon." John L. Ehoads, Istlieut. and adj." William A. Hojrt, 1st It. and q. m." George W. Sumon, com. sergt." George J. Brittain, hos. steward." Discharged. William B. Mann, colonel. "^6°=* Albert L. Magilton, lieut.-col.'^'sned John W. Lodge, asst. surg."=='«°«^ Evan W. Woodward, 1st It., adj." '^ Edward Norsain, hos. steward." Transferred. George A. Woodward, lieut.-col."^ Thomas B. Reed, surgeon." Horace Neide, adjutant." Charles F. Hoyt, quartermaster." John Malone, assistant surgeon." Andrew M. K. Slrine, sergt. maj.« John L. Benzon, qu. mr. sergt.' Josiah Wagner, principal mus'n.e Died. Augustus T. Cross, adjutant." ' * Evan O. Jackbon, asst. surgeon.' Soil of Company A, Gommanded ly Oaptain Daniel H. GonneTS, originally commanded by Captain George A. Woodward. Daniel H. Conners,- captain.* '^^ John J. Ross, 1st lieut." Daniel Craig, 2d lieut." ' * » Bright, Andrew J.' Buehler, George F., 1st sergt." ° Callely, William.» « ° Clingman, John, fifer.* " Cockrell, James. Drain, William J. Drew, George, sergt." * Ettinger, William J. Goldey, Joseph.' '^e^'^ ""^ Harrison, John. Huplet, William F., sergt." Jeffries, Richard, Jr." ^ " Longshore, Lambert, corp.'^^ Lynch, James, sergt." Miller, John." McGrann, James." ' Quigley, Albert. Rossiter, George, corp." ° " Sayres, Matthew." Schonewald, William.' ■^ ' Scheetz, William.' Searins, Theodore.' Trexler, David." Van Osten, Joseph, sergt." George A. Woodward, captain.""* Robert H. London, 1st lieut. i" Horace Neide, 2d lieut." ' Armstrong, John.' ^ ■■ Barton, Albert, sergt." '^ Craig, David." Fowler, George, sergt." " ' Gray, Leander." Gray, Joseph." Haney, John.'' ' " Hoff, William.' 2" Hibbard, Frederick.' ' • " Promoted. !> Captured. c Through aU campaigns, i To Vet. Kesorve Corps. B Dieability. f Wounded in action. S To serve anexpired term. h Honorably, by Sec'y of War. i Detached. k Killed in action. J By re-euliatment, 576 HISTORY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA EESERVES. Jeffries, Richard, Sr.° Keinan, John.' ^ = Kirkwood, Robert." " Mann, Wesley.'' Price, James.= Sliarpe, Isaac, sergt." " • Stewart, Henry. = Sweeney, John." Tagend, Jacob, coip." ' Wade, John." West, James.'' Wolfe, Charles." Died. Day, Charles, corp.'"'* Drain, Samuel.'' ^ Goebell, Daniel " Graham, Joseph. ■" ^ Hess, William." Holmes, William." Lukens, John.''''"'"'"^ McCallum, John." McCauley, Josiah, corp." Rowbotham, William." " Smith, Robert.' < Williams, John.' " Transferred. Aiken, William, sergt.' Brough, Michael, corp.' Buj-ns, John, drummer.' Carroll, Neine.8 "ie"'' mt» Devine, Charles.' Graham, George.' " ' Graham, Stuart.' Hay, John.' Jameson, William.* Large, Elmer.' Leatherberry, Edward.' Lewis, James, corp.' • Scott, Chailes C Beserted. Chambers, George W., sergt. Hill, Stephen. Hader, James. Kemper, John. Kennedy, Raphael. Koons, Cornelius. McDougall, James, corp. Townsend, Edward. Williams, Benjamin F. Wood, William, sergt. Eoll of company B, oonunanded ty Captain Join H, Jack, oiiginally commanded by Captain Fatiick McDononglii (The muster-out roll of this company is not on file in the adjutant general's ofBce at Hairibburg. The following was the record in March, 1S64.) John H. Jack, captain.' ^ ' John Cullin, 1st lieut." Brown, James." Cox, Christopher. Crouthers, Joseph. Darrah, William." Davis, Garret B.° Davis, Robert N. Dillon, Richard P., sergt." Donough, John M., sergt.' Pitzsimmons, Thomas." Fadden, Patrick.'* Gilloly, John." Hagen, John.* Hagen, Michael. Kenry, Willittm." Kelly, Patrick.' '» Larkin, George."" ' Lafferty, James. Maguire, Dennis, sergt.' * Maguire, Owen. Moore, John B.° Montgomery, Hugh. McDowell, John. McDoweU, WiUiam." » O'Connor, Thomas, corp." Reed, James. Schultz, Adolph Louis, sergt.' " ' Shaw, John.'" 2 Timhn, John. Wallace, William. Wharterly, William H. Bozenhart, Jonas." Brown, Alexander H." 1 DranesTiUe. 2 Mechanicsville. * Gaines' miU. 1 I^ew Market cross roads. 5 Malvern hill. « Bull Run. 7 South Mountain. 8 Antietam. 8 Fredericksburg. 10 Gettysburg. " Bristoe station, u Mine Bun. IS Wildemsss. " Spottsylvanla'C.K. '5 North Anna. 1° Belhesda Church. M03TEB-OUT ROLL OF THE SECOND REGIMENT. 577 Burk, John." Carr, John.f» Cox, Michael." Curry, Owen." Deegan, James." Dillon, John P." Fitzsimmons, James." Priel, James. •> Garvin, Samuel, corp.'s Hart, John." Harding, Charles." Loftus, James, drmnmer." May, John P." Melville, Cornelius." MoUoy, George.'' Monaghan, Cornelius." Murphy, James.* * " McDermott, Patrick." McGinley, Charles." Reed, Thomas." Rogerson, Thomas.' t "Wilson, John B." Zeigler, George Henry, 1st sergt.'^ Died. Brown, Robert.'* ^ Bums, Thomas.' "• Carney, Luke.' * Gillespie, James." Gillette, Ignatius.'' ' Harton, Daniel.' < Lytle, Thomas.' ' Moore, William.' ' McHugh, William.' * Me Mullen, Thomas.' ' McClintock, William.' t Rielly, Hugh.' * Toomey, William." West, Job.' 4 White, Richard." Transferred. Crawford, William.' Cullin, Peter.' 9" Donlin, John.' ' ' Donley, John.' Keenor, Jacob.' Loughlin, George.' Montague, John.' McFall, Thomas, corp.* Ryan, Samuel W., corp.' Sipple, Joseph.' Snyder, Edwin A., drummer.' Storrie, Andrew M. K., corp." Tully, Thomas." Wilson, John,' Deserted. Coleman, William H. EUiot, John. Meister, Anthony. Murphy, Edward. McPadden, Timothy. , McHale, James, sergt. Rickards, Augustus. Staunton, Thomas. Walls, John. Boll of company C, oommanded by Captain James N. Byrnes. James N. Byrnes, captain.' '" ■■ " John Robinson, 1st lieut.' '■' Andrew Casey, 2d lieut.' Barton, George C, sergt." ' ' Concannon, Edward, corp." ' ^ " Dolan, John. Devlin, John.' « " Erford, Adam." Furguson, John.' Farguson, Robert, sergt." ' ' Gaffigan, John. Gillan, Hugh.' * Kane, Michael. Keefe, WOliam.' '» ° Lathrop, Joseph.' < Logue, Edward.' 8 "> * Miller, William." Moore, Henry, sergt." ' • McCuUy, Asher, corp." " * McKee, Edward V., corp." McLean, William.' * Nolan, William H., corp." ' '" " O'Brien, Dennis, sergt." ' * ' O'Neil, Henry.''' Scarlett, Howard." Simpkins, Louis." Toomey, James.' Van Hook, Edward.'* ft Promoted. b Captured. c Throagh all campaigne. d To VcE. Beserre Corps. « Disability. ' Wounded in action. s To serve unexpired term. * Honorably, by Sec'y of War. 37 i Detached. k Killed in action 1 By re-euiiBtment, r. t. 578 HISTORY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA RESERVES. Discha/rged. Francis Fox, 3d lieut.° Axe, Frederick. <= ' »'™='t Caldwell, Matthew.' '•^'^^^ Casey, Andrew, sergt." Couroy, John.' '"^^ Davis, Thomas A.° Duval, George.' Fredericks, Reuben.' Gaff, William.' 2 " Harris, George.' «'™«7 Kelly, Michael." Lawson, James." Mack, John.' Morris, John, corp.' Murpby, John."' McKeegan, Wm., sergt." O'Donoughe, Timothy.' Picket, Michael.' Scanlan, Charles.' >r™'^ Schreaves, Francis.' ' Segantralle, George.' »'™'^ Smith, Aaron.' Thompson, James A., coip.' ' ' Woods, Thomas J., corp.' ^ e Wright, John.' Transferred. Cline, Joseph G., corp."=« Fernon, George W." ' Hess, William.* Moore, Edward J.* McCaun, Archibald, corp.« Wagner, Josiah, musician.' Died. James R. Nightengale, 2d lieut.' * Derr, William, corp.'^ Devlin, Charles." » Goodwin, Aug. G." * Keefe. Lawrence.'' ' McCaU, James.' ■> McDowell, Edward.'' * Nightengale, Joseph.' * Stump. Charles." ' Ward, Thomas.'" Missing in Action. Crowley, Michl. A., 1st sergt.' ' " '» Nicket, William A.' ^ " 's EoU of company D, oommamded by Captain Thomas Oanavan, originally commanded b; Captain Eicliaid ElUs. Thomas Canavan, captain." Robert R. Smith, 1st lieut.' Alexander, Samuel. Barker, Smith, corp." " * Bogia, Fred. F.' Bouvier, William." Cope, Morris.' ° Covert, Isaac* Dooling, Jeremiah." Firth, John S., 1st sergt." ° Grady, John, sergt." ° GrahStn, Henry.* Guy, Henry.' Hopkins, Samuel, sergt." " Jones, John, sergt." ° Kendil, George, corp." Louer, James.' Luckman, Edward. Miller, Charles F.' McBride, John S.° Palmer, John. Parr, William N." Robinson, Benjamin." Sager, John, corp." ° Shubert, John." Smith, John A. C. J.' Thompson, William. Tooney, James.' '" * Vorhess, Albert B.° Walters, Henry.' Wence, William. Young, Philip, sergt." ' Discharged. John Curley, 1st lieut.-^'P""* George Young, 2d lieut.''='6'"* Aitkins, George W.' " ' Baker, Albert C """■"i Barford, Joseph A.' Bassett, Samuel.' "'*'"^ Blight, Jacob S.' 2 ' Brines, Thomas J.' ' 1 DraneBville. 3 Meobanicsville. » Gaine-' Mill. 6 Mat vera hill. « Bull Run. 7 Soath Mountain. * Kow Market cross roads. 9 Aotietam. 9 Fredertcksburg. w Getty.-iburg. ^^ Brisloe Btatioa. ^ Mine Sun. 13 Wilderness. " SpottsylvaaiaC.H. 15 North Anna. 10 £etUesda Cbnrsli. MUSTER-OUT EOLL OF THE SECOND REGIMENT. 579 Brines, "William.' Clark, Gaven B.» Dick, 'William H., sergt." Dmigan, Levi." Gardner, Asa C." Glass, James.' "riiiiaT Higgins, Francis." Laws, Anthony A." Mintzer, Andrew.' ""^ Morgan, James D.' """y McKinney, Samuel L." McLean, William." Norris, Richard.' "MKr Patterson, Amos.° Peplow, Edward.' < Schoeber, Charles.'* Transferred. Richard Ellis, captain.* Atkinson, Robert.^ Burgeon, Andrew. « Davis, Louis. K Hamilton, William.* Kelley, John.* McNamee, Joseph.' McEuen, Samuel.* Steele, Joseph.* WeUer, William.* Died. Fisher, Joseph L.' ^ Haughey, William." Harbeson, James.' Hockett, Thomas." ' Hoflfey, Charles. ^"""^^ Kreiss, Jacob, corp.'' ' Nuttall, David L , sergt." Reilly, John J." •- Smith, Robert J.« Whiteman, George.' ' Whiteside, Major.'' •" Deserted. Conner, William Covert, Isaac C. Fozier, James. Harberger, John. Hilt, Aaron. Houston, Marcius. Maines, James. O'Kane, James." Sherry, Edward, sergt Williams, James. Eoll of company E, commanded liy Captain John Orr Finnlo. John Orr Finnie, captain.' Andrew McLean, 2d lieut." " Grier, James." Lindsay, Joseph H." Mawhinney, William, sergt." " Morrison, William. Morrow, George H., 1st sergt." McAdams, WUliam. McAlister, Archibald.* McCall, Archibald." McCormick, sergt.** McParland, William. McHenry, Joseph." McKinney, James." McMichael, WiUiam." Nelson, William. Nicholson, James, Corp.* Reid, John, sergt." ° Ringland, John, sergt." " Steese, Balthaser, corp." Ward, Samuel. Whelan, John." Wilson, John. Missing in Action. John Taylor, 1st lieut." •■ " Patterson, Robert.'' " Discharged. Alexander Black, 3d lieut."''s™>' Aitkin, Julius C." Brown, Henry." Birmi, George." Catanach, John A." Fekler, Frank H.» Furguson, Robert, sergt.' ' Grim, Christopher.' 9 Hamilton, Leslie W." Harvey, Cassius P." Hill, Joseph, corp." ft Promoted, Captared. c Through all campaigns. * To Vet. Beserre Corps. e Disability. /Wounded inaction. S To serve unexpired term. l> Honorably, by Seo'y of War. 1 Detached. k Killed in action. 1 By le-eilUstmeut, v. t. 580 HISTORY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA EESEKVE3. Howard, John." Laird, Samuel." Lappin, John.' McDonald, Alexander. » McDonald, William.' McLaughlin, John, musician." McMillan, George.' ^ Pat'ton, James, corp.'' * Smith, Charles H." Stewart, Samuel.' Stuart, James, sergt." Wallace, George M." Young, John 0., corp.'^ Transferred. Chandler, Georges Detwiler, Leonard.« Dunlap, Samuel. B Elder, Thomas.e Fry, Henry.s King, Peter, s Leight, Andrew M." « Leight, James H.= « Markley, William. « Morrison, James.* McCawley, Michael, sergt.8 Eoadermel, Christian A.s John B. Fletcher, 1st lieut.' * Becket, Andrew, corp.' * Booth, Edward, corp." ' Burn, William." ■• Colher, Thomas." * Graham, James.' * Henry, William." " Humphries, Thomas H., sergt." Jones, William B., corp." « Linsenmeyer, Robert, sergt.' * Macklin, William." " McGai-vey, Samuel.'^"""* McKechnie, William, corp." ' McKeller, Gilbert." ' Potts, James." * Prentice, William, sergt.' « Query, John R.' "> Simpson, Joseph." ' Shannon, Samuel." *■ Smith, Thomas, corp." ^ Stewart, George, corp.' '" White, Calhoun." ' Deserted. Chandler, William. Cunningham, James. Donnell, Robert. Markey, Thomas. McCuUen, Robert. Tweedle, John. Tweedle, Edward. Tweedle, William. Wilson, James, sergt. Wilson, James W. EoU of company F, commanded ly Captain John M, CSark. (Record in March, 1S64.) John M. Clark, captain." Ambrose, William, 1st sergt.* Bowman, Peter.' '" Bums, John." ' Bowman, Mlichael," Bresslsr, Mahlon H.° Carter, William B.° Caesidy, George W., corp." Cassidy, David, corp." Cherry, Alfred." Charters, William." Curfman, Joseph C.° Cornelius, Isaac." Coleman, Thomas, corp." Crissman, Harrison, corp.* Davis, John P." Decker, William S. Delaney, Daniel." Figart, Andrew M." Gehret, Adam." Ghmt, William C." Green, Benjamin F." HoUingshead, John." Hopkins, William M. Houck, Marshall." Hoover, John.' "• " ° Hubert, Nicholas. Kraft, Philip." * Dranesville. * Mechanic^ville. s Galaes^ mill. * T^ew Market cross roads. 6 Mfl,lveru hiUi « BuU Eun. ^ South Mouutala. 9 Aatietam. 9 Fredericksburg, i^' Gettysburg. 11 Bristoe station. 13 Mine Bun. 13 Wilderness. " Spottsylvania C.H. 15 North Anna. u Bethesda Church. MUSTER-OUT BOLL OF THK SECOND REGIMENT. 561 Laybold, John. Louder, Samuel A.' "" " " Haurer, Abraham. Meadville, Joshua." Sloore, James T., sergt." Moore, "WiUiam."' Murty, James T.° Phillips, Patrick.* Quarry, Levi." Reed, James B., corp." Reid, William J." Rutherford, James." Smith, John, coip." Smith, Abraham h." Sneath, Robert." Sharer, William." Souders, Christopher." Sherman, Robinson T.' '" " Steele, Louden." Snyder, William B." Thompson, Austin." Vanzant, William R." Webb, John B." Wright, John F." ' DiscJiarged. Beatty, Oscar." Hail, Adolphus." Ring, Charles." Wright, Levi." Died. Robert J. Clark, 1st lieut." ' " Black, Samuel. 'i"""'«i Hoffer, Alexander.' "> Moyers, George.' '" Higgle, Martin A.' '" Stewart, Samuel B., sergt." " Webb, Henry. 'i"'™"^ Wilgus, William H., sergt." Cornelius, David. Lamb, Charles E., sergt. Mace, John. Riggleman, Jonathan. Shenk, l^icholas. Smith, Adam. This company had in charge an extra line of caissons belonging to art.Uery battalion, Third division, First army corps, from April 3d, 1862, until March 2d, 1863. Boll of company G, commaaded by Gaptaia Elisha P. "Woodward, originally commanded by Captain William S. Seitsel. Elisha P. Woodward, captain." " ' Bitterman, Francis." Blankhom, Andrew." Brighton, William, corp.' " " Carter, Jacob." Daveler, George F.° Davis, Amos." Enswiler, MCchaeL" Eckhait, Charles." Fisher, Thomas M., corp." Gartner, Charles, corp." Green, Marshal, musician. Grab, Joseph." Gerhart, Jolin H." Hamish, Jacob." Hartman, Benjamin." , Hanlen, John." Hart, John ' ■» Jones, Franklin E., corp. Kendig, William J. , musician. Leed, George W.' " Lithgow, George W." Lytle, John, corp.' ' Ort, Preaerick K., sergt." Price, Lyman S." Peirce, Davis 0." Schaen, John." Steinruck, John." Schalck, John P.'" 9° Schraeder, Michael.* Shoemaker, John." captain. William D. Reitzel, Allgeir, Samuel." Albright, John." Kepler, Isaac." Kais, Sebastian." Ludwig, George J." a Promoted. b Captured. c Thrnagh aU campaigns. i Tg Vet. fieserve Corps. e Disability, ' Wounded in action. g To serve unpxpired term. h Honorably, by Sec'y of War. i Detached, k Killed in action. By re-enlistment, «. v. 582 HISTORY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA KESBBVE3. Lex, Charles." Paine, Samuel J.' Reagan, Charles.' ' Shon, John.' Stevenson, William." Scailotte, William G." Stackhouse, Park J.' i" Transferred. John L. Rhoads, Ist lieut.' ' Block, Hugo.' "'"""7 Ijippold, Charles." Myer, Christian.' "'^"t Mull, Franklin." Keild, Thomas H.» ' ""t Shilling, Henry.' Shivers, James.* White, John." Died. Mas Wimpfheimer, 3d lieut.* ' Bush, William H. K., corp.' « Devine, Martin, sergt.'' Ely, Thomas S. Erline, Adam.' '» ^ " Fritz, Jeremiah, corp." Graeff, Rudolph M., sergt." » Horst, Martin. Harter, Joseph.'' ' Hostetter, Hiram C, sergt." Hull, John A , sergt ' s » p««i»r, Kennedy, Andrew P.'' ' Mans, Henry N. Sucker, Augustus.'' '' Witmer, Abram H., sergt." Young, George W." Zeigler, John A , corp." Deserted. Bauer, Jacob. Cramer, Charles. Green, Alexander. Nichols, Samuel. Rick, Charles. Saalwachter, Herman. Stout, Charles W., corp. Weldon, James. Waltze, George. This company was recruited in May, 1862, and joined the regiment at Harrison's landing on the 10th of July. The reference ° in this company is used to indicate all the campaigns after the battle of Bull Run. The term of service will not expire until July, 1865. The com- pany was transferred, on the 1st of June, 1864, to the One Hundred and Ninety -first Pennsylvania Veteran regiment, as company B. EoU of company H, commanded by Captain Timotliy Mealeyi Timothy Mealy, captain.' ^ 9 Joseph Benison, 1st lieut.' ° Azpell, Clinton." Baskerville, James.' « ' ° Ciilley, Thomas.' -i Dempsey, Patrick." Dempsey, Charles. Dickenson, Benjamin.* Dubois, Edward." Frazier, John. Gouldy, Thomas H., corp.'" Haas, Elwood, corp.' " Hackney, Ezekiel." Harshaw, Samuel." Moody, Jonathan." Myers, George L." McGarvey, Henry.' "• " Phillips, John. Patlon, Dennis." Ritchie, Jonathan." Roe, James P. Seadinger, John." Shaw, William." Smith, William.," Strain, Hugh J., corp.'" Thompson, Robert." Waible, George." Wallace, Samuel, sergt.' • Discharged. Peter Summers, 1st lieut. "^I's""* Robert Porter, 2d lieut. '«"e°"" Richard Clendening, 2d lieut." " 1 DraaesTille. 3 MechaaicsviUe. 3 Games' mill. * New Market cross roads. 6 Malvern hill.. 6 Bull Kuu. 7 South Mountain. 8 Antietam. Frederiuksburg. 10 Gettysburg. " Brisloo station. 18 Mine Rnu. 13 Wilderness. " Spottsylvania C.H. It" North Anna. i< Bethesda Chiucli. MUSTEK-OUT BOLL OF THE SECOND EEGIMENT. 583 Hugh P. Kennedy, 1st lieut.» ' > WiUiam McGlenn, 1st lieut." " Allen, James.' Blackwell, George. Collins, John, corp.» ' *■ CoUigan, Francis.' ' Dempsey, John.= Finnegan, Bernard.'* Fulton, William J., sergt." '» German, Edward." Gillespie, James L.» Kane, Francis, sergt." " Kinkate, James.' ^ Murdock, Alexander." Myers, Isaac's McCann, John." McCormick, Edward." McGonigal, Cornelius." Robb, William.' » Weaver, Charles." Transferred. Barnes, John, sergt.* « Clendening, Samuel.' Cook, James, 1st sergt.* ' Conner, John.' Cunningham, Robert, sergt.' s Donnelly, John, sergt." ' Fulton, Abraham." * Hofly, Charles." ' Leeti, George W., musician." Messmore, George.* Montague, John.* Murphy, Charles." ' Siddall, George.' 9 * Soan, Abraham.' Wilson, Oliver.' Died. Dunn, Patrick.* » Farren, John J." Gormely, William." Maokin, Henry." Porter, Thomas.* '•"^ Ritchie, Thomas." Ryan, Andrew." '" Savage, Thomas M., sergt.' * " MissiTig in Action. Bums, Thomas E."" '■"'' """p" "''""'' Deserted. Burns, Peter. Flatherty, William. Kuttler, Charles. Long, John. Mount, Michael. Walker, William. Weaver, George E. WilMns, William P. BoU of company E, commaniei by Captain Patrick I. Smith. Patrick J. Smith, captain.'* * Isaac J. Harvey, Ist lieut.' "e^ ""^ Andrews, John T." Bams, Edward.' ' Barr, Jeremiah, corp.'" Bartram, Joseph J." Campbell, James." Deitz, WiUiam K." Dugan, Thomas, corp." Eghston, Samuel G., corp.'" George, Washington, corp." GiUis, Peter, Jr., 1st sergt.' Hart, John H., corp.' " Libe, Henry C, corp."" Lloyd, Joshua T., sergt.' " Massey, George D., musician. Mingus, George W." Morrison, James F., corp.'* • McCoUough, Joseph." Newberry, John S." Nutz, George W., sergt.' Pidgeon, David H., sergt.' '» Snyder, Henry. Stanley, Charles. Sweeton, Joseph F., sergt.'* ' TovfcU, James." Treadway, Harvey B. Upjohn, Heniy, corp.' " Discharged. Asch, Charles.'' Buck, John S.' '""^ " a Promoted. b Captared. c TbroDgh all campaigns. i To Vet. Bewrve Corps. e Disability. f Wonnded in action. K To serve unexpired term. b Honorably, by Soc'y of War. i Detached. k Killed in action. I By re^enlistment, t. t. 584 HISTORY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA RESERVES. Chew, Hiram F.' 8 » Conner, Arthur.'' Coster, William.' ' * """'"^ Cox, Joshua R.'s« Dewees, Henry J., corp." Elliott, Frank M.« .Gibson, Eobert 8.= Gougler, George.' ^ Hanf, Charles." Hartman, Thomas.'"^'"'' Hays, Michael.* "™<^ Manning, William J.' ' Mendenhall, Thomas H.' """^ McNeal, Charles, sergt.' Nolan, Daniel. = Reed, Albert R." Read, Rufus S., musician.' »"""^ Rowe, George W.' Schreiner, Richard C, corp." Sha-w, Thomas.'* Smile, John A., J.° Staughton, George, sergt.' ^ • Thompson, Henry C." Vickers, George M." Fransferred. Benzon, John L." Craft, Edward L.^ Cross, Augustus T.' " ^ Donnelly, John.* Everett, John.« Errickson, Daniel.' Garrison, William H.' ""r May, Thomas.' Morslander, Robert H.' ''8°^ «"f Snider, William, s Supple, John.'' Swancott, George W.* Upjohn, Charles, sergt.' '■> e Missing in Action. James C. Justus, 2d lieut." " Died. Edmonson, Thomas.'' ' Foy, Andrew J.'' * Murch, George B." McNiell, Frank P." * Paulson, Wilberforce.'' * Quinn, James F.' » Simpson, William H." ' Shaw, William." Chamberlain, William. Fell, Morton S. McLaughlin, John. Powell, Robert T. Muster-out Eoll of the Third regiment, P. K. 0., commanded by Colonel H, G. Siokel, Called iuto service on the 2lBt day of June, 1861, to serve for three years, and mustered out on the 17th day of June, 1864. (This regiment, the Fonrth, Seventh and Eighth, were detached to gnarS the railroad beyond Alexandria, Va., In 1863, and hence were not present at the battle of Gettysburg. The Third and Foarth were again detached in April, 1864, and Bent to Western Virginia, with General Crook, and were, therefore, not in Grant's campaign against Richmond. j Boll of Field and Staff Officers. H. G. Sickel, colonel." John Clark, lieut.-col.» William Briner, major." Harry 8. Jones, adjutant." Levi S. Boyer, quartermaster." Stanton A. Welch, asst. surgeon. John P. Birchfleld, asst. surgeon.' John J. Pomeroy, chaplain.' Non-eommissioned Staff. Bechtel, Chas. K., priCi. mus." Eppeheimer, D. C, com. sergt." 1 Dranesville. 2 Mechanicaville. 3 Oaines' mill, * Kew Market cross roads. 6 Malvern hill. 8 Ball Run. 7 South Mountain. 8 Antietam. Fredericksburg. 10 Gettysburg. 11 Bristoe station, u Mine Bun. 13 Wilderness. 1* Spottsylvauia C.H lo North Anna. le Bethesda Chnrch. MUSTEB-OTJT ROLL OF THE THIRD REGIMENT. 685 Huntzberger, Martin L., pr. mns.* Smith, Wm. P., sergt. major." Wright, Irvine C, qu. mr. sergt." Diseha/rged. William S. Thompson, lieut. col."^'* Albert H. Jameson, adjutant.' F. S. Bickley, quartermaster." Samuel 8. Orr, asst. surgeon." George J. Rice, asst. surgeon." Wm. H. Leake, chaplain." Geo. H. Friar, chaplain." f"'ie"=a Briner, Albert, qu. mr. sergt." Doran, Duval, sergt. major." Mitchell, Lemuel, hos. steward. Rhone, Geo. M., sergt. major." Tra)isferred. R. H. Woolworth, major." S. Yardley, quartermaster." Geo. L. Pancoast, asst. surgeon." Henry S. Colston, asst. surgeon." James Collins, surgeon." Niblo, Frank, hos. steward." Soil of oompany A, oommandel liy Gaptajs Jaool) Lenhait, Jn Jacob Lenhart, Jr., captain.' •'' Amos N. Seitzinger, 1st lieut." ' ' Daniel Settey, 2d lieut." ° Angstad, Jacob D.° Bedencup, John." Boon, Richard." Broadhurst, John." Derr, Samuel." Esser, Henry W., corp." » Fegely, Andrew." Frey, Samuel B.° Greaff, Daniel." Griffith, Lewis, 4th sergt." ° Goodman, David J." Hamer, Henry A." Hartenstinc, Peter, corp." ° Hcrtzog, John D.° Hodem, George." Hodem, John." Kouler, Henry, corp." ° Koch, Christian J." Koch, John." Kocher, Francis." Kunsman, Jacob S." Moser, George, 3d sergt." " Mull, Henry K., 5th sergt." ° McDonough, William.'* McQuaid, Peter." Neeb, Charles." Painter, John S., 1st sergt.* ° Peters, William." Richards, Henry J., drummer." Richards, Levi." Rhein, Augustus." Rhoads, Levi B." Rork, John." Rupp, Ludwig." Schroth, Charles." Sellers, Bphraim." Smith, Henry S.° Smith, WiUiam J., corp."" Stiffenburg, William." Wanner, William." Weber, Charles." Weidenhamer, Aaron." 'Youse, Jonas." Yeich, John R." Discharged. Jacob Lehman, 1st lieut.'' Michael Walter, 1st lieut.'' * Jeremiah Clous, 2d lieut. '""'s""* Sebastian Echle, 2d lieut. "^'soea Ash, James." Brady, Benjamin." Esterly, Jacob, 1st sergt." Fix, James A." Fredericks, Charles, sergt." Ganster, Jacob." Garst, Frederick." Good, Joseph." Harbach, Piarian, corp." Hart, Lewis." Holland, Peter F." Kissinger, Samuel S." Marquat, Augustus." McDonough, John." McGettigan, Hugh." Perry, Abraham." Quinu, Francis. Ricuards, Emanuel." a Promoted. to Captured. c Throagh all campai^s.' i To Vot. Reserve Corps., e Disability. ( Wounded in action. g To serve unexpired terra. h Honorably, by Sec'y of War. ■ i Detached, k Killed in action. 1 By re-enlistment, y. v. 586 HISTORY OF THE PKKNSTLVANIA EESEEVE3. Schofield, James A.° Stautler, Albert." Wittich, John, sergt.' Transferred. Bowman, Henry.' Degroat, William.^ Frey, Allen M.* Greth, Albert S.' Haws, Marks D.e Harbach, Harrison." Holland, William.i Henersholtz, Albert S.' Keehn, Henry C Kershner, Lewis, b Milans, Henry G." Murphy, Patrick.e Saylor, Frederick.' Sallada, James.e Schaneberger, Charles." Shade, Enoc." Yeager, Richard, sergt.* Yohn, John M.' Musing in Action. Balb, JohnH.'" '' Nagle, Francis, sergt.'*'' O'Niel, John.f '^ Kibble, Nicholas.' » « Died. English, David.' » Harbach, Daniel.' Jackson, Andrew."" ' Old, James B.» '^ ' Otten, Henry.' s Shafer, Daniel. Eoll of company B, commanded by Oaptain 'Waireii G. Moore, originally commanded by Oaptain William D. Oiirtis. "Warren G. Moore, captain. ° ° Francis G. 'Nicholson. 1st lieut." " Adams, Lester J., sergt.'" Bachon, Joseph." Barhite, William H.° Bortru, William G."= Cobb, Michael, corp." " Gannon, Daniel." Green, William, musician.'* Handinbergh, Joseph B.° Haook, John.* Hetzel, John, sergt." ° Hinds, Henry." Hubbard, Columbus M." Jones, Robert D." Loper, Charles H., corp.»* March, John." Marshall, Edwin A." Martin, George W., corp."" Matrons, Dudley K., 1st sergt." " Mitchell, Charles E." Monnia, Adolphus, sergt." " Moore, William G.° Moyer, Anthony." Walter, Albert." Wortmann, Henry." Discharged. Milligin D. Curts, captain. "^8»oa Jas. M. Bickingham, 2d lient."^E»"* Lyman W. Hamlin, 2d lieut." " George M. Rohme, 2d lieut." "i Akers, William F." Ames, Warner J." Andrew, Daniel." Bennet, Benjamin." Bishop, David." Bresecker, William, sergt." Browson, Eli." Burbank, John W." Carrin, James M., sergt." Cornell, Sydney." Daubom, Nicholas." Frisbie, George S." Hamlin, Florance B., sergt." Hubler, Robert." Johnson, Jacob." 1 Branesville. ^ Malvern hill, s Mechanicsville. ^ Bull Run. s Gaines' mill. " ' South Mountain. * New Market cross roads. ^ Antietam. 1! Cloyd Mountain. s Frederickshurg. 13 WildernesB. 1" Gettysburg. H SpottsylvaniaCH. 11 Bristoe station. 15 North Anna. 13 Mine Kun IC'Bethesda Church. 18 New River bridge. MUSTEB-OUT EOLL OF THK THIRD REGIMENT. 587 Johnson, Porter C." Machan, Edward. = Mitchell, Eagene B.« Mitchell, Michael. = Money, William L., musician.' Peet, Daniel N.= Perry, James P." Porter, Henry S.« Shepard, Munson L.« Wright, Eugene H.» Tramferred. George C. Davenport, captain.* * Abbey, Russell P., corp.» ' Brooks, Andrew.' Brownson, Justa." Buckingham, James M.e Bualleson, Job. Campbell, John.' Cortnight, Eulily N.e Dickins, Richard.* Donelson, James.s Frisbie, James N.« Gibbs, Alfred.* Hand, WUliam J.e Hoover, Joseph P.* Howe, Edward, e Howe, James H.e Leake, William H.* c'^p'"'' Loudon, Joseph.' Maitz, John, corp.' ' Miller, Quinter.s Mitchell, Davis.s Pinkerton, John.' RUey, James E-i" Riley, John.* Sivingle, Sharp L.e Swingle, William.* Thomas, Joshua R.* Townsend, Edward.* Tripp, Henry C, sergt.'* Waitous, Friend.' Wagner, Joseph G.* Warner, George.' Woodruff, Selden.* Wright, Albert A.' Young, EUiott.* Young, George.* Died. Bath, Oliver L.' < Bidwell, Hiram." Brown, Gabril S., corp.' » Cogswell, WiUitm.^ Dickins, Jesse R., corp.* ' Dickins, Daniel S.' * Eushin, George P.' » Firth, Thomas.' * Gillet, Oliver." Kennedy, John S.' Little, Archibald 8." Marshall, Frederick." Nicholson, Hobart, sergt." ' • Stewart, Alexander H."" » Williams, Alfred.' s White, Henry." Missing in Action. Limonson, Asa.* " Pelt, Daniel N." " Deserted. Briscove, John. Campfield, George M. Pillard, Euril. Whipple, Stephen P. ioll of company 0, oommandAt by Captain Harry VT. Sutton, originally oommanded by Captain D, V. Feaater. Harry W. Sutton, captain." John H. Crothers, 1st lieut.* ' < Yeomas Jones, 2d lieut." Adams, Thomas, sergt.'" Blakes, Edward H. Bervely, T. Watson, sergt.' Burkit. Daniel P., sergt.' >• ■" Clark, Charles Y., corp.' Pitzpatrick, Joseph. Gordon, Swayze. Harris, WiUiam. Hibbs, Algiemon. Johnson, Lymon. Kinsey, Jonathan. Longshare, Will am G. Morris, George W. « Promoted. b ('aptared. c Tliroiii,'h all campaigns. <* To Yet. Kcberve Corps. e Disability. f Wounded in action. g To serve unexpired term. h Honorably, by Sec'y of War. ■ Detached. k Killed in action. 1 Bj re-enliBtment, v. T. 588 HISTORY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA EESEEVES. MoCam, Bernard.' » McCooEell, John. Phillips, Banner T. Ttornton, Charles. Tapp, John S. Taylor, Martin V., corp.» Vanhom, Perry H., sergt." Walton, Samuel, f = Wiggins, Charles. Woolman, Lewis N. Young, Abslem B. DiscJiarged. David V. Feaster, captain." Joseph B. Roberts, 2d lieut.' = Allen, William." Baker, Francis.* Bennett, William." Black, Edward." Blaker, John D., coip." Bodine, John R." Crosedale, Benjamin, corp.'* Buckmar, Aaron N., sergt.' Caffee, WiUiam." Carbot, Matthew." Craver, Philip." Flanagar, Albert." Gradey, George.' ■• Gray, William, corp." Griffee, Samuel J., sergt.'^ Helly, Jonathan." Long, Henry." Louden, Joseph.' * Lugar, James." McCarn, James." McMasters, James E." Roberts, William F., sergt." Swartz, Samuel." Transferred. Strickland T^rdley, 1st lieut." Bennett, Henry.s Brown, James S.' Cooper, Owen.' "rtuierj Carver, John W.8 Dillon, A. J.' Dillon, Andrew J.* Doan, Howard.' 8' Ditmars, Isaacs Eizenbrey, Edwin.' Fennell, William J.' Featherby, George W.« Fleming, James.' Fifer, Richard.' Grayham, Adam.' Harrison, Charles.e Hillbom, Joseph.' Hough, Calvin.' "^'"'^ Hough, George W.« Kelley, Robert.e ' Lewis, Abraham.' Large, Joseph H.k Reeder, Henry P.' Roberts, George W.* Ryan, James."" " Smith, Bartlett.' Smith, John.e Southwick, John.' "™"^ Stone, Thomas.' ""'""^ Stout, Joseph. 5 Stevenson, Daniel.' Trimer, Elwood.' Vanhom, Joseph.' Wall, Anthony J.e Wynkoop, Samuel W." Wells, Charles.' ""^""^ Williamson, Levi.* Young, Wesley 8.' Died. Caffee, Joseph K." Dillon, Robert.' « Dillon, Thomas." ^ Goheen, Thomas P.^ sergt.* ' Hammer, Joseph.'' * Hilbom, WiUiam." * Lennon, Edward L., sergt." ' Mills, Matthew, corp.™ ">""•* Rose, James." Robbinson, Charles >■ ^ Steifle, John.™ '"""»* Wittee, geter W." Wiggins^^George W.'' ' Deserted. Hitchcock, Charles. Mershon, William. Mitchell, Jferemiah. Runk, Charles. Steward, Henry. White, George W. 1 DranesvUle. 2 Mechanicsville. * Gaines' mill. * Mew Market cross roads 17 Cloyd Mouutaiu. 6 Malvern hill. Bull Ran. 7 South Mountain. B Autletam. B Fredericl&burg. 10 Gettysburg. 11 Bristoe station. 13 Mine Run. 18 Mew River bridge. 18 WilderueBS. " SpottsylvaniaCH. 15 North Anna. 16 Betheada Church. MUSTEB-OUT BOLL OF THE THIED BEGIMENT. 689 EoU of company D, oommsuided by Captain Andrew J, Stetson, originally commanded by Captain WiUiam Biiner, Andrew J. Stetson, captain." Albert Briner, Istlieut." George B. Davis, 2d lieut." ' f » Barr, Henry.''' Baundenbush, George A.' ' Bishop, Clark." Boone, Jeremiah." Boone, Thomas D.' ''s'"^ ""t^ Boyer, Charles." Boyer, John H.° Carlin, William, corp." ' ' » Cunningham, Peter.' ^ ^ Davies, Samuel." Geiger, Henry." Good, William S.° Harner, Alfred." Harrison, Samuel L." Hemmig, Harrison H., corp."'* " Henderson, Lewis F., corp." Hoffam, Henry." Keehn, Peter B., corp.« Keever, John S., musician." Lamb, William S., corp." "^ Leaman, William K., sergt." " Long, James." Lorah, Henry A.' ' Lowry, Patrick.' ' Mann, Samuel. Miles, Nathaniel." Sagee, William S.'' Sayboldt, Augustus." Scarlet, Roland G.° Shauer, Solomon S." Sheoder, Nelson G., corp.»" Slichter, Joseph." Trussel, Franklin, sergt."" Walks, Benjamin F." Wann, Henry." Weigner, George O. Yocom, Abraham B., 1st sergt." '^ Digehcvrged. William Briner, captain." Franklin S. Bickley, 1st lieut."»'B""« Billing, PhiUip8.= Bobst, Samuel." Broom, William." CoUor, JosiaU.'* DeParson, DeLozier." Focht, Josiah." Gearhart, Reuben G." Good, Emanuel." Hobson, James L." Kupp, Morgan.' Miller, William." McChalicher, Samuel.' * Schiefley, John.' ' Steeve, Richard." Soder, Samuel.'* Transf&rred. Barber, Charles H."" Bechlet, Charles K., musician."' Becker, John H.« Briner, Jefferson, e Boyer, Levi, sergt."' Boyer, Washington L.' Dehart, Peter.* Deugler, Henry.s Eisenbeis, Francis." s EUis, William.e Eppihimer, David C." " * Good, Henry S.s Grath, William.e Himsberger, Martin L., mus'n."' Kelchmer, William.* Lorah, Alexander.* McCord, Heber.s Parker, William H., sergt.'^"* Shaffer, Harrison.* Shepherd, Andrew M.* Simmons, Henry J.« Thomas, James P.* Waid, Adam F., corp." * Died, Florentine H. Straub, captain." ' » •.Jacob W. Shilling, 1st lieut." " ' Archey, Obediah." Babb, John." « Bechtel, David.' < Bechtel, Jacob." » Bland, John G.» " » Geiger, Alexander.* ' A Promoted. b Captured. c Throogh aU campaigns. ' To Vet. Bemrve Corps. " Disability. f Wounded in action. e To Kerve unexpired term. b Honorably, by Sec'y of War. i Detached. k Killed in action. 1 By re-enlistment, < 590 HISTORY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA RESERVES. Hendley, Frederick.' ' Price, John A., sergt." * * Mellen, Jacob." ' Ttauk, William.= Rorke, Joseph.'' ■• Schrador, James, sergt." ' ' Schwartz, Cyrus.' * Setley, George.^ Setley, Henry, corp." ' ° Strohecker, Ephraim, corp." Wright, Charles E.» a Hunsberger, Jeremiah 0."" " Deserted. Allen, Edward. Caldwell, James. Dorty, James. Fisher, David. Frill, Edward. Helmer, Albert D. HoUenback, David, 1st sergt.* Keller, Adam F. Lichtenfelt, Henry. Levan, David. Moohn, Isaac. Shaffer, George. Smith, John W., sergt." Wnkins, Charles. £oll of Company £, commanded by Captain Boliert Johnson, oiiginaUy commanded ij Captain John Claik. Robert Johnson, captain." Thomas H. Bamford, 1st lieut." Edwin A. Glenn, 2d lieut." Booth, Walter." B;irnbrick, Richard.* * Bennet, David R.*" * Boileau, Tustin." Brown, James P., corp." Chambers, Robert.* ■• Clark, William." Olinloin, John ° Cripps, William." Day, Alfred B., 1st sergt.* Derrus, Charles." Deyan, Michael." Duggan, Dennis C, sergt." Eckly, Amos." FuUerton, John." Fletcher, John W. Haines, Edward J., corp." Hoff, Heury K." " Martindale, Jacob Y., sergt." " * Miller, Frederick C.° Mooney, George W." Murgan, George, musician." McBride, John.* * McCoUough, Joseph J." McCiudy, Charles." Nield, William J." Pidcock, Benjamin. Ryan, William." Rich, Charles H.* * Solley, William H.* * Stack, John, musician.* * Strut, Charles W., sergt." Travis, James.* ^ Thompson, William B.* * Tustin, Edward, coip." Vanhom, George.* * Wagner, John R., corp." Wells, George, corp." Wells, Jesse, sergt." Wells, Joseph H.* * Wilson, Robert.* * Williams, Lynford.* ' Wright, Richard.* * DiscJiarged. George K. Lindsay, 2d lient.* Cartlege, Samuel.' '«""' ""^ Clift, John B., sergt." Fleming, Samuel, sergt" Fenlayson, Lynford, corp." Mills, George S., corp." Boulton, James ' * " Drexler, Frederick." Eckly, John." Eckly, Joseph." Johnson, John.'*" Saul, Robert B." Wilson, David M." • Yonker, Samuel.'''" I DranesTille. 6 Malvern hill. * MechaoicsvUle. « Bull Rim. » Gaines' mill. ' South Mountain. * New Market cross roads. 8 Aatietam. u Cloyd Mountain. » Fredericltsbarg. is Wilderness. i» Gettysburg. i* SpottsylvaniaC.H. " Bris toe station. 15 North Anna. 12 Mine Run. lo Bethesda Church. 18 New River bildge. MUSTER-OUT EOLL OF THE THIRD REGIMENT. 591 Transferred, John Clark, captain.' Achufy, Isaac' Ackinaon, William H."* * ' Ackley, Benjamin.* Artman, Owen.s Ashtru, William.'' « ' Bartlow, Warren.' Benger, William H.e Boyd, James, e Carman, William.* Clark, Robert.K Cochran, Matthew.* Downing, William.* Haines, Alfred, corp.' Jones, Harry S., sergt.* Lynn, John.* Scott, Davis.* Shaw, William F.* Shemaley, Nelson."' Taylor, Hallowell.s Tomlinson, Elijah L.' Toy, Joseph H.' Ward, Samuel P.' Weed, Henry B., corp.« Died. Blaker, John, 1st sergt.' « Thomas, Jacob, corp."* Johnson, Jacob A.'" Krenson, Luther.' s Pidcock, Jason.'' " Smith, Jacob." » Missing in Action. Scott, Frederick B." « Switzer, Frederick.'' « Toy, Joseph L." 2 Deserted. Egee, George H. Fletcher, George W. Leaver, Samuel. Mabery, Martin. Boll of oompany F, commanded by Captain A. P, Moulton, originally commanded by Captain Washington Bichard. Albert P. Moulton, captain.' * Henry S. Moulton, 1st lieut." Benjamin D. Heming, 3d lieut." Abie, George, corp." Andy, John. Brown, John.^ Connor, Joseph." Douth, John P., musician." Gilbert, Adam." Hartzel, James." Henurig, Jacob." Killpatrick, Edward.* Labold, Willoughliby. Lehr, Levan, corp." Lippi, Pompelius." Lutze, Harrison. Miles, Samuel." Miller, MiUington, corp." Reedy, Calvin, musician.* School, John." Silberman, John." Tonia, William." I)iseharged. Albert J. Jemmeson, 2d lieut.» ' Edward K. Mull, 2d lieut." "^uorf Addic, Isaac, sergt.' ""^"^r Bard, .lohn L." Bowman, Henry." Butz, William P " Eisenlinbh, Henry." Filbert, Daniel.* Hoffmaster, Levi, sergt." Jones, Williams * Murphy, Daniel, sergt.' Ruth, jfosephius." Tracy, Michael. Walters, Williams." Transferred. Washington Richards, captain.* Adams, Jesse.' Alder, Charles.' Beechart, Levi.' » Promoted. b Captured. " Through all campaigns. * To Vet. Eeseive Corps. « Disability. ' Woaoded in action. B To serve unexpired term. li Honorably, by Sec'y of War. 1 Detached. k Killed in action, 1 By ro^enlistment, v. v. 592 HISTORY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA BESEBVE3. Bernheisel, Levi.' Biery, John M., sergt.' Blose, Edward.' liovman, William.' Boyer, Henry.' Cliristinan, Allen.' Clater, Edward, sergt.' Eckhold, Henry.' Gauguer, Andrew.^ Geitz, Adolph.' Glennose, James." Jenninge, Charles.' Killpatrick, Theodore.' Mestz, Eugene.' Mier, Adam.' Mimeinacher, Uriah.' Neal, George S.' Nentzel, John.s Phillips, James M., sergt.' Rambo, Alexander.' Roohel, Thomas.' Schneer, Levi.' Smith, Robert, sergt.' Stotz, William H.' Trexler, John.' Vandom, John, sergt.' Weber, Adam.' Died. Acker, Henry."" ' Becker, John A.' ^ Burkhart, Henry." t"^^"'' Harsta, Henry." ^ Haverstick, Rudy.' Herbrant, Joseph.' Jones, Henry." * KUliam, John H." ' Leese, James.'' * McFarland, Lewis D." ' Rush, Peter." ^ Seidere, John." * Deserted. Bellas, Joseph. Henry, William. Herbrik, Joseph. Hogan, Marke. Kline, Manasse. Leh, Franklin. Mertz, Monroe. Reed, Cyras. Ruhle, John. Seiders, Joseph. Stalbiecker, John H. Sweeney, Hugh. Trapold, Jacob. Whiteneck, Jacob. Wild, Edward. BoU of company G| oommanded by Captain John Stanton, late Engl H. Harkins, origi- nally oommanded by Captain K. H. WoolwoTtb., John Stanton, captain.* " Francis E. Harrison, Istlieut." Bl'own, Jeremiah." Bott, Joseph " Bisliop, Alfred." Boisbrun, George." Bisbing, Samuel.' eneinMr corps Bowles, Benjamin, Sd sergt.* Crapp, George W." Cowell, Samuel.^ Crilley, Barnard.* Dodd, William." Deal, Charles." Evans, Richard, corp.»" Haran, Thomas, corp.» " Heckroth, William H , coi-p.* ° Heckroth, Henry W." Howie, John." Hastley, Charles." Jones, Jacob." Moore, William, 4th sergt.' ' Murter, Robert J." Margerum, Lewis." McMillan, John." McGrath, Mark.* Porter, James." Praul, Harry." Piffer, David." Presgrave, John." Rahn, George." Rider, James, 2d sergt.' " Schank, Adam." 1 DTanesville. ^ Malvern hill. ' Mechaniosville. ^ Bull Eua. 3 Gaines' mill. ^ South Mountain. * ^ew Market ctosb roads. ^ Antietam. '7 Cloyd Mountain. 9 Fredericksburg, w Gettysburg. 11 Bristoe station. IS Mine Run. 18 Mew Eiver bridge. 13 Wilderness. "SpotlsylvaniaC.H. IS North Anna. i» Bethesda Charch. MtrSTER-OUT ROLL OF THE THIRD REGIMENT. 593 Stone, Thomas." Scheaeiman, Daniel, 5th sergt." " Stroup, Thomas, corp." = Sullivan, Dennis." Trumbower, William H." Venrah, George W., 1st sergt."" Wallace, John." Winton, Hamilton." Wurst, Frederick"!!." Waltei-s, WiUiam H.° Discharged. . Richard H. WoolwOrth, captain." Hugh H. Harkins, captain. Bisbing, Manuel." Car, Biisha A." Doster, Charles A., corp." ' Duckworth, Samnel." Guiger, Christian B." Hackel, Charles." , Hong, Alfred W.' « Kennedy, George W." Lutz, Conrad." Mmphy, John.'^ Murray, James.' ^ Ma,Kuire, John." McDcvitt, Charles.' * Pealey, John A.' ^ Trambower, Samuel L." Toon, Edward, corp.» ' » Unruh, Jacob H., 1st sergt." ' * Trangfen-ed. Abrams, William.""' Devlin, John.' Dager, Heniy." Hickey, Michael, corp." * Killan, Mark." Krur, Joseph.' °"'7 Kelley, John.e Long, John.e Mitchel, Thomas.K McGettigan, Hugh.' McDonald, Steward.' Noble, George.8 Newcamp, John.' Sample, William M.e Smith, John, sergt." * Wilson, John." Died. Charles Charley, captain.'' ^ Alexander Park, captain." ' " Richard Wilson, captain.* * John Connolly, 2d lieut." Bingham, James.'' ' Catterson, David H.« Caldwell, Robert.' 's Dunbar, Peter.* * Duddy, James.' ' Jobhins, Thomas." Martz, Adam." McCloud, David." Swift, Joseph.'' "^ "i"™"* Smith, John K.' » » Ubil, William B." Mitchel, Reuben J. B.'* » Brodnax, Jeremiah. Crockett, Israel, drummer. Dutton, Thomas. Filmore, Richard. Henreatty, John. Ploid, Tennis, corp. Ratcliff, William, sergt. Wells, Frederick. Soil of company H, commaiided by Captain Bi F. Fisher, originally commanded by Captain Jos. Thomas. B. F. Fisher, captain." ' "'e""' "»n» Jacob B. Bartholomew, 1st lieut." William McCarty, 2d lieut." ' Adrian, Andrew J., Ist sergt." Brey, Adams S." BeidUngmoyer, Chris." » Promoted. b Captured. " Through all campaigns. i To Vet. Reserve Corps. e Disability. f Wounded in action. g To serve unexpired term. h Honoralil V, by Sec'y of War, 38 i Detached. k Killed in action t By re-enlistment, t. 594 HISTOET OF THE PENNSYLVANIA EE3EBVE3. Christem, John H. S. A., 3^ sergt." Darling, Marshall, corp." Dougherty, William.^ Flenn, Peter." Garhart, Abner C." Huff, Frederick." Huver, James." House-worth, Josiah." Hertte, Michael." Keeler, Josiah." Keller, Jesse, 3d sergt." Kluman, C, musician." Ladshaw, Ahner." Lauhenstine, John." Nuffer, Augustus, corp." O'Connell, Hugh, corp." Reed, James A." Rester, Benjamin." Schutz, Milton." SmoU, John S." Seifert, Charles Q.° "Walk, Charles J." Wenholt, Jacob F.° Wile, Michael." Willuner, Jesse." Joseph Thomas, captain.'^isned Nelson, Applebach, 3d lieut."^'B°"* Aeider, Wayn." Albright, John.' "^"^ Boorie, Allen." Burnes, Lewis." Crib, Williaifi." English, Emanuel." Frankenfield, Daniel, corp.' irunaT Hendrick, Hillary O." Hauch, Matthew, corp." Jones, James." ' Milloy, Daniel." Ohl, John W." Peterz, Theodore C." Shively, John." Thomas, George." Wisinger, Christian." Wisinger, Daniel." Zeiner, Levi." Transferred. Amall, John.""'''' Burnes, William, musician.' Bushnell, Samuel A.' Barth, Frederick E.' Evans, William D.« Evans, William.^ Fell, John.' ""? Gay lord, Rozell M., corp.* Greenwood, Lewis, e Gerbron, Joseph.e Hager, John S.s Jones, James. 8 Kemes, Joseph, e Long, Washington, s Martin, John.e Pennepacker, Jesse.e Reed, Milton. « Reiter, George W.' Shilb, Frederick.' Smable, Jeremiah.' Straton, Owen M.« Tramtuver, John.' Warner, Stephen.' Worthington, George.' Yeakel, Samuel K.e Yeakel, John K.^ Yotter, Martin.' Zimmerman, Lewis.' Died. Bachman, .lackson, corp." Brown, Lewis.'' * Case, Ephraim, 1st sergt.' » Clabach, Harvey, corp.' * Crater, Jacob B." » Huff, Andrew.' ^ Keiser, Jesse." Keiser, Adam.'' ^ Lewis, Isaac E., sergt.' Long, Israel, corp.' " Longenbucker, George." Roberts, A. J.' « Sellers, Frank." » Deserted. Beidleman, Theo. Bushnell, Samuel A. Foil, John G. Frey, Levi, corp. Gerlach, Charles. Miller, Jeremiah. Miller, William. Reiter, George W. IDranesville. ^ Malvern hill. 2 MechanicsvlUe. ^ Bull Run. s Gaiaes' mill. ' South Mountain. * New Market cross roads. ^ Aotietam. 1' Cloyd Mountain. 9 Fredericksburg, is Wilderness. 10 Gettysburg. u Spottsylvania C. H. 11 Bristoe station. 15 North Anna. 12 Mine Hun. lo Bethesda Church. 18 New Elver bridge. MtrSTER-OUT EOLL OF THE THIRD EEGIMENT. Missing in Action. Schaarschmidt, Edward. Winabower, John. Wamer, Stephen. Zimmerman, Lewis. 595 Stouflfer, Jacob L.*" ' Vaux, George W., sergt.'!" " EoU of company I, commanded by Captain. Samuel J. LaEne, originally commanded by Captain 'William S, Thompson, Samuel J. LaRue, captain." Samuel Beatty, Istlieut.' Jackson Hutchison, 2d lleut." ' ^ » Allen, WUliam L., corp." » Arrison, Jonathan, wagoner." Anderson, William B.» Banes, Samuel P., 1st sergt." Booz, Charles." Cooper, William H., corp."" Erich, John." Harkness, Nathan, corp."''' Holt, Lewis, corp." <= Hunter, John." Jacoby, Edward 0." Johnson, Charles. Landreth, Edward." Lubers, Edward. Mackie, Hugh.' '7 Morehead, Thomas J.' """7 Morehead, Simon C, Corp." ° Read, Joseph M., sergt.» 's Richards, Edwards, sergt." Rue, James N."= Schaeffer, John.' s Stackhouse, William." Vansant, William." Welsh, Michael." Wilson, Ebenezer."" < Whiteley, William, musician." Thompson, Wflliam S., captain.' Andrews, Samuel.'' Akers, William A."" Bums, William, musician.'' Brelsford, William." Carlin, Charles." Clark, William." Donkel, John. Gardner, Albert, sergt.'* GUkeson, Lewis- W., corp."" Gravat, Charles, corp.' ^ Harkens, Albert." Hellings, Edward.' ■• Hall, William." Knight, William G." Miles^ Thomas." Mooney, Edward." Nelson, Alexander." Roberts, Mahlon." Silbert, George S., corp." Stumsfelts, Christian.' ■» Terry, William." Weichter, Frank R.' « Weichter, Henry C" Wilkie, Samuel." Transfen-ed. Allen, Charles S.e Allen, Edward.' Bushnell, Samuel A.' Banes, Rodman. ' ='s"^ ""ts Bramdon, Joseph, s Burgien, John.e Benfer, John L.s Carr, Thomas.'' Cappel, Joseph.8 Dorron, Duval.' Ferris, John, sergt.' Geathers, Mario w.e Garwood, Allen L.e Highland, Eugene.e Howell, Franklin B.e Hare, John.s Jolly, James M.' Johnson, David P.' Lert, Thomas C., sergt.s Leeti, Samuel H.' Lashels, John L.s Newcamp, John.' Oesterben, George.' Ogelby, Isaac, e Parry, James P., musician.! Peters, Caleb.e • Ryan, Charles H.s Richardson, Samuel V."" A Promoted. •j Captured. " Through all campaigns. * To Vet. Keserve Corps. e Disability. t Wounded in action, g To serTe unexpired term, h Honorably, by Sec'y of War. i Detached, fc Killed in action, i By re-enlistment, v. v. 596 HISTOEY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA RESEEVES. Rodamaker, William.' Smith, Joseph.e Syimamon, Henderson.s Synnamon, Thomas.* States, Abraham. 8 Torpy, John.s Welsh, John.B Wright, John.8 Wright, C. Irvine, sergt." ' Died. H. Clay Beatty, captain.'' ^ Booz, Robert, sergt.'' Chester, Joel, 1st sergt.'' * Clark, Benjamin.'' ^ Coombs, Jacob, corp." Cummings, William." Fennemone, Thomas." * Firce, George W.= Millenbarger, Clement." ' Eeading, James. ' ■• Smith, William." " Scott, John S." s- Shoch, Henry S." ? Severns, Allen.' Smith, William M., eorp." ' Missing in Action. Thomas, James. "> " Nelson, Wilham H.' " " Deserted, Curran, Daniel. Douglass, John M. Gibson, Toltaert. Geary, Charles. Guy, Robert E. Kennedy, George E. Larne, Manuel. Lieson, James. Martin, John D. Reeder, Howard, sergt. Ward, James. Wright, Robert E. KoU of company K, commanded by Captain Thomas C. Spaceman, originally com- manded by Captain H, G-. Sickeli Thomas 0. Spackman, captain.* ' John M. James, 3d lieut." " Adworth, John." Boger, Henry D.° Bryant, Joseph.'* Brown, Stephen." Brooke, James, eorp." " Conner, Francis, musician." " Clayton, James W.'' ^ Calyton, Henry M." Collins, John."' Carr, Edwin A.° Eokard, George W.° Evins, -Christopher." Fisher, Albert D.° Haynes, William H." Helfricht, George J." Jones, David." Jaquett, Joseph." Kane, Thomas, corp." " Lewis, William H., corp." ' ««iii Detached. k Killed in action. i By re-enlibtment, v. T. 598 HISTORY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA RESEKVES. William J. Tate, com. sergt.' Charles J. B. Smith, prm. mus'n." Joseph Pennypacke'r, qu.mr. sergt." Robergt G. March, colonel. Albert L. Magilton, colonel.^ Eaos L. Christman, major John B. Griesemer, asst. surgeon. Auolphus Patz, surgeon. Edward S. Marks, chaplain. Ambrose A^Lechler, reg. qu. mr. Frederick D. Bitter, asst. surgeon. John F. Gaul, lieut.-col. Robert M. McGlure, major. Transferred. John Nyce, major.' " Wm. T. W. Dickeson, asst. surg.' • William B. Brinton, asst. surg.' » Israel H. Clay Becker, sergt. maj. Roger S. Searle, sergt. maj. Isaac W. Ranck, sergt. maj.° J. Peny Mills, hos. steward.' Wilbam T. LeaflBer, hos. steward.* Died. Rioh'd H. Woolworth, colonel."' " Deserted. Edward E. Romig, prin. musician. Boll of company A, oommanded by Captain Andrew Biddel, originally commanded liy Captain John Schonewald. Andrew Riddel, captain." ° ' Joseph O'Hara, 1st lieut." " Charles H. Parker, 2d lieut." °_ Armstrong, Robert." Bird, George." Bedeiohemer, Cyrus." Galigan, Vincent." Hanson, James." Kane, James, 1st sergt." ° Keiifer, Thomas." Kcpharelt, Henry, corp." • McMullin, Joseph." Parmet, William." Rembarrett, Charles." Rowbottom, John." Smith, James." Shenk, Charles." Steahs, Charles." Walker, William J., sergt."" White, James, corp." " Zetter, Charles." Discharged. John Schonewald, captain. Thos. G. O'Hara, 1st lieut. ''"''e"'"* George Pelkingson, 1st lieut." ^^smi Brawen, George, corp." " Brown, Hamilton." Clymer, Levi." Crawers, Robert." Creiden, Alexander.'' Campbell, Daniel. Finley, John." Friel, James." Hunter, David." Heaps, Joshua, musician.* Murphy, Edward, i" M.nga, Charles." McCoombe, Henry." McQuigan, Michael.'' PilKngs, William." Rodgers, James A." Ruth, Isaac." Rodgers, Bernard.'' Ray, William, corp." Siryker, John B., Jr., musician." Slocum, George W., corp." Smith, Leopold, corp." Shock, Alonzo." Smith, Augusta A." SIpes, Jacob." Seabert, Christian. Walker, James K. P." White, WiUiam." Wells, James. 1' 1 Dranesville. 2 Meclianicsville. 3 Gaiues' mill. * New Market cross roads IT Gloyd Moautain. 6 Malvern hiil. 6 Bull Klin. '* South filountaia. 8 Autietam. 3 Fredericksburg. 10 Gettysburg. 11 Brislue station. 12 Mine Hun. 18 Bew Siver bridge 13 Wiiderness. "SpottsylvoniaC.H. i» North Anna. 10 Belhesda Church. MUSTER-OUT EOLL OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT. 599 Transferred. Bauer, Nicholas.' Brothers, E. F., sergt.'" Cox, Francis.' CaiToll, Thomas.s Dotts, John S., sergt.' Felzer, Oliarles, sergt.' Foster, Thomas S., sergt.« Fox, Jacob.' Heller, Frederick.' Lockwood, Alexander.' Mays, John.' Morris, William, corp.s McJ^aughlin, Charles.' Harra, James, e Ranks, Isaac W-' " Rona^n, James.' Rutter, James.' Sneller, Peter O.' Waught, Gustavus.' Wetherstine, Samuel.' Weidenburmer, John A.« Died. Bates, Augustus, sergt.'' Bryon, John L., corp.'' ^ Cox, Terrance.' Mason, Alfred R., coip.' McLean, Hugh.'' ' McGowan, George.'' * Starer, Benjamin.'' ' Missing in Action. Fox, Henjcy.fs Phillips, Peter J., sergt.'" « Strandt, Jacob.' '' " Deserted. Buck, George, corp. Cobb, Samuel, sergt. Corbaugh, David. Daley, James. Dittman, James. Gormon, Henry. Hendriok, George. Hoffman, Frank. Louerman, Henry. Longbottom, Richard. Mills, William. Mathews, Michael. Molntyrc, Patrick. McCari^,, Patrick. Q'Neil, Bernard. Pollett, James, corp. Porter, Robert. Snyder, Joseph. Straeder, Wilham. Boll of company B, commanded by Captain James St. John, originally commanded iy Captain Soljert McClmei James St. John, captain." James N. Blundin, 1st heut." George W. Cooly, 2d heut." "= Anderson, John, sergt." " Buckley, James. ° Corbit, George H." Davis, Edward H., 1st sergt." ' Denny, John P., corp." Dunkel, George W." Faulkner, Samuel, flfer." Fleet, James." Force, William." Freeman, John." Furgeson, John." Flood, James." Fadden, William." Garton, David." Green, David R." Hawkins, Joseph, sergt." ° Haftelfinger, Samuel." Moorehouse, WiUiam." Morris, Frank." Mooney, John A." Ogden, William H. H., corp.»° Phillips, Henry!" Robinson, Charles L." Rodgers, Jonathan C, corp."" Scott, William H., corp." " Sherwood, Jolm, sergt." " St. John, Richard, drummer." Satcliff, William." Spencer, George W." » Promoted. b Captured. c Through all campaigns. i To Vet. Reserve Corps. e Disability. f Wounded in action. S To serve unexpired term. h Honorably, by Sec'y of War. i Detached. k Killed in action. 1 By re-enlistment, T. 600 HISTORY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA BESERVB3. Tomlinson, George A.° Weeks, John W., sergt."" Warren, William, corp.» "" " Dmharged. Robert McClure, captain.' * Frederick A. Conrad, captain.' ' Edwin W. Cox, lstlieut.""B!'"i Ashworth, Sidney.* Calker, Isaac.' Daniels, Lewis F.« Fithian, Josiah.' Greenwood, Samuel." Hughes, John F." King, William." King, John.' Markland, John.' Neely, Samuel, sergt." Patterson, Walter.' Suber, Burris.' Tolbert, William.' Turpin, George N., sergt.' Weston, John W., 1st sergt.' Woodcock, Wm. R,' Wilson, Charles E.' Wiley, Boyd.' Brinneshalty, Jacob." ' Bradshaw, Samuel.s Booth, Samuel.8 Brown, William F.s Fnck, John K.e Grepn, James L.« Hasson, James.' ' Jung, Gustavus A.« Jackson, James.8 McLaughlin, John.' ' Died. Fletcher, William.'' ^ Gordon, Thomas." Hollingsworth, George, corp.' « Howash, James."" ^ Hutchinson, William.' Little, John.f » Piumley, William." Smellenberger, Isaac.'' ■* Missing. Weston, Joseph."" " . Deserted. Buckley, Samuel. Fenton, Charles. Fleet, Henry. Green, Richard. Hawkins, Joseph, Jr. Henry, Jacob. Jackson, Edward M. Kemp, William. Lowe, John A. J. Lawrence, John W. Openshaw, George. Rambo, Henry. Wilson, Enoch, sergt. Boll of company 0, commanded hy Captain William Sitchie, originally commanded liy Captain J. W. Eimball. William Ritchie, captain.' •* ■ William Lamon, 1st lieut.' ' Jacob Wheeler, 3d lieut." ' " Atkinson, J. Lewis, musician." AUsworth, Philip.' 9 ' Atkinson, Edward." » Bourns, Richard." Brady, William." Claypoole, Samuel T." Coffman, John.' Claffey, Patrick.' Donohue, James.'' * Pell, Morris." Forbes, Henry, 1st sergt.* • Gilkyson, Edmond." Hvmsberger, Reuben, sergt."' Hass, Christian.' * Keller, Prank." Morgan, Enoch." Nettinger, Lewis. '< Poole, John." Reading, William." Rcmey, Henry H.° Rittenhouse, Samuel." J Drauesvllle. ^ Malvern hill. 3 Mechanicsville. ^ Bull Run. 8 Gaines' mill. ' South Mouataiu. * New Market cvobs roads. ^ Autietam. 17 Cloyd Mountain, 9 Fredericksburg, is Wilderness. 10 Gettysburg. i* Spottsylvania C. H 11 Bristoe station. ^ North Anna. 12 Mine Kun i" Bcthesda Churdi, IB l^ew Klver bridge. MUSTEB-OTJT BOLL OF THE FOURTH EEGIMENT. 601 Kedfem, William, corp.* = Smith, John, covp.» » Seiner, Jacob.'' '. Tomlinaon, Isidore." Van De Venter, Franklin, corp." t" Wallace, James." Webb, James." Winkler, David, corp." "■ DUehargeA. Isaiah W. Kimball, captain. Frederick A. Hill, 2d lieut.'^'B""* Allen, William.'* Barton, Thomas." Cooper, Peter." Donahue, Thomas." Dytch, Howard, sergt." Ford, Henry." Grabe, Heniy." Herwick, John.!" Hoops, Henry M.' James, Judson A.""* Lake, James." Lukens, David 8., Ist sergt. i" Maddock, Henry." Miller, Albert L.» Slugg, John.' 8 Shuyard, Simon, sergt.' ^ Shew, William, corp." ' ^ Sperrings, John W., musician." Weller,''William." Welch, Simon." Winkler, Jesse.' ^ Zelenskei, Alexander.' * " TraTisferred. Benson, Charles, sergt." * ' ' Conley, George.' Day, James F.' Dougherty, Patrick.'' ' ' Kerr, Henry.' McClellan, Charles.' Rust, Albert.' Hendrick, Charles H.« Booz, Jacob, e Seiner, Joseph G., corp.* ' Storer, Eeuben.e Thomas, Lemuel, corp.' Thomas, William. « Vandeventer, WiUiam H., sergt.*' ^amant, Abram, sergt." ' Welch, Simon, s Wilson, Frank." ' Died. Collins, Jesse.""! Edwards, John." '^ « Fall, William.'' """""aria Hacket, Thomas, corp." ' * Hallowell, Joel." » Jones, Chalkley." Myers, Henry." Shoemaker, Paris, 1st sergt.' * « » » • Stock, Henry." Thompson, Lewis P." Wall, Andrew, sergt." ' * °° '•""'"» Wilson, John.' ^ Davis, Price P. Murphy, John. Strader, William. BoU of company D, CGmmanded by Captain James A. J. Waitesi originally commanded by Captain "S, J. Taylor. James A. J. Waites, captain." " Francis C. Loomis, 1st lieut." " WiUiam H. Derrickson, 3d lieut." ° Breckenridge, Andrew." Calhoun, John." Callahan, Charles." Dougherty, John.* Duffleld, Gisorge W., 1st sergt." " Fox, Bernard, sergt." ° Hutchinson, Hugh." Hall, James." Kelly, Francis." Kennedy, Samuel R." Liddy, John, sergt." ° Mann, Charles, corp."" McCormick, James H.° Pearson, Alfred." Phillips, John." a Promoted. b Captured. c Through all campaigns. ' To Vet. Beserro Corps. e Disability. f Wounded ia action. fi To serve unexpired term. h Honorably, by Sec'y of War. i Detached. k Killed in action. 1 By re-enlistment, r. 602 HISTOET OF THE PENNSYLVANIA EESERVES. Eyan, Patrick." Russell, Daniel.'* StoU, JacolD." Wade, William." Walker, William." Nathan J. Taylor, captain. '=''8°=* Wm. C. Besseleirre, captain." "=="* James B. Baker, 1st lieut.'' George W. Bussier, 1st lieut.» '"'8°°* Anderson, Stephen P." Barth, Nicholas J., musician." Barritt, Edwin." Beaty, James." Barnard, Reuben F." Carty, Daniel." Diller, Edward." Durand, George W., corp." » "»"^ Fedigan, John." Gorman, Joseph." Hanniler, Gregory." Lutz, Frederick G., sergt.°" Moran,. Thomas L." Mulholland, John." McCready, Dennis, corp." """^ McClaskey, William H." McPoil, Patrick." Reed, Henry P." Smith, James F. R." Wallace, John." Transferred. Auchenleck, William.' Bennett, Wesley. « Boyd, James.' Carr, Charles.' Carr, Michael.' Davis," John, sergt."' Drumm, Jerome, corp."' Donohue, Charles.' Durburow, George W.' Hayworth, John.' Haines, William.s Kinney, Patrick.^ Lafferty, Geprge W., corp.» ' O'Keil, WiUiam.B Roberts, Henry S.e Roberts, William G.e Schoerewold, Henry.e Smith, Charles J. B., musician.' > Warn, Wesley.« Warnock, Joseph, corp.»' Died. Amy, Andrew J.'' * Brooks, Conrad." '< Brentzinghoffer, Charles E., sergt." Cadwalader, Edward Y., sergt.' < Colerick, Harry J., sergt.» " "^aLdri, Cooper, Samuel C' ^ Dwyer, John." " Flood, George F." * McBride, William." McKean, WiUiam J." * Richards, George." Smith, Michael." ^ Weaver, William." '' Wells, William H. P., 1st sergt."" Watt, George L., corp." " " Missing in Action. Holton, Peter, musician.' ^ Lloyd, William E.f " Mehaffy, Joseph H."> » Kann, Louis. Parker, John. Schenkel, Christian. Shuster, William. EoU of Company E, commanded by Captain Fianois X. Eargeii Francis X. Barger, captain.' Isaac W. Runck, 1st. lieut." ' Alt, John, Corp." " Engle, Jacob." Passman, Christian." Hays, Valentine, corp.* Hores, David." Henry, Prank.' »"'? Hoffman, Peter." Hagerman, Francis.* 1 Dranesville. ^ Malvcru UlU. 2 Moclianicsville. « Bull Ban. 3 Gaines' mill. "> South Jluuutaln. * New Market cross roads. ^ .\utiQtam. 1' Cloyd Mountain. 9 Fredericksburg, is Wilderness. 1" Gettysburg. M Spottsylvania O.H. 11 Bristoe station. IB North Anna. 12 Mine Eun. lo Bethesda Church. IS Kew River bridge. MUSTER-OUT BOLL OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT. 603 Leonhard, Charles, sergt." " Welker, Lewis, corp.» " Melte, "William, corp." ° Schrader, Charles, corp.» " Koch, Jacob." Koehler, WiUiam." Krien, Jolin." Manshag, Andrew." Messerly, Jacob." Marks, Lewis." Raucback, Godfrey." Raff, Israel." Railing, Charles." Schaffer, Conrad." Schnively, Conrad." Seity, Henvy." Smith, John." Teufel, William.' Weaver, Frederick." Weaver, Peter." Winterlaff, Christian." Woodburn, JoShua W.° Welker, Michael." ZoUar, Michael." DisclMrged. John Moyer, 1st lieut."^^""" Louis Backer, 1st lieut." «»ip'"4 Bahn, Frederick." Boyer, John." Breitkopf, Anthony." Borchet, William." Diering, Louis." Dodrer, Frederick." Egger, Samuel." Freitag, George." Geiger, William." Han=com, George." Hoyer, William." Kautfman, August." Keis, George." Kline, Lewis. >» Lax, John." Maus, John." Malinky, Frederick, corp." Miller, Andrew. >" Petit, Joseph." Eeinhardt, John." Schaup, William." Schneider, Gottlelb." Stiener, Philip." Steinhelper, Ludwig." Seigel, John." Viering," George." Werling, Andrew." Weaver, Francis." Transferred. Anthony, Isaac, musician.* Becker, Israel, sergt. major." * Barrett, Charles."' Biller, Samuel, s Brindle, John.s Belton, Daniel.B Bergman, John. Campbell, George." ' Cornell, Christian." ' Dunler, Michael." ' Elim, Daniel.s Fachs, Heram, coip." ' Francis, Joseph.s Fox, George.s Faulk, Stephen." ' Fahl, George." ' Henn, John.* Herth, George." ' Keller, Peter. « Kramer, Gottleib.s Little, William.s Litz, Andrew W." ' Lynn, PeUis.« Nasch, Max." NoU, Clemens, sergt." ' Offerman, Ferdinand, sergt." ' Eaible, Bernard.* Ray, Jacob, 1st sergt." ' Rosenberger, Martin, s Russell, James N. 0.8 Reis, PhOip.8 Richard, John.e Scheibluer, William.s Schlifer, John, sergt." ' Steffan, John.s Schuty, Herman. 8 Wallisser, Edward." Died. Richard Gusbacher, 3d lieut." Baltz, Frederick." Kauter, Christian.'' ' Raible, Anthony, corp.' < Zinkham, Harry." ' a Promoted. b Captured. c Through all campaiguB. d To Vet. Eeserve Corps. e Disability. f Wounded In action. g To serve unexpired tprm. h Honorably, by Sec'y of War. i Dotached. ^ Killed in action. 1 By rc-enlistinent, v. 604 HISTORT OF THE PENNSYLVANIA RESERVES. Deserted. Deity, Jacob. Eicliels, Jacob. Hall, Mathias. Muldoon, Patrick. Roaner, Michael. Rehfuss, Casper. Xalter, Henry. Boll of company F, commanded by Captain Jacob W. Shoemaker, originally eommsnded by Captain George B. Eeller. Jacob W. Shoemaker, captain.'' ' Nathan Davis, 1st lieut.* ' John W. Burnett, 3d lieut.» " Albert, Anthony." Bogart, Christopher.' Bossard, Samuel R., sergt." '• ' Coleman, Frank A. D." Christal, Joseph M.° Fetherm^n, Joseph A., sergt.' " GafFney, Michael T., corp." " Gruber, Peter A.° Harps, Titus." Heller, Aaron R., sergt.'" Hufford, John S., 1st sergt." ' " Johnson, William H.= Keller, Jacob T., musician." Learn, Andrew." Slutter, Jacob, corp." ° Schook, Alfred." Schook, Steward.'* Serfass, Thomas.' "*« Shafer, Mathias P. Shafer, Peter W. White, James S. Wabrath, Abel T." Woodling, George.'* Walton, William D." George B. Eeller, captain. "^'s"^ Enoch S. C. Horn, 1st lieut. Albert, Andrew." Belts, John H." Compton, Elias."" Culberson, Aaron." Hille, Florian." Hagerman, Charles." Hufford, George D., 1st sergt." " Kester, Augustus G." Meyers, Paul." Peck, Emanuel.'" Price, David." Price, Mathias." Staley, John." Smith, Josiah, corp.'T Seteger, Jonas." Van Buskirk, Samuel. ° Walrath, Henry M." Williams, George.' ' Wolfe, George.' 8 John Nyce, 2d lieut." Altemus, Philip, corp." ' Bender, Jerome." ' Culberson, Franklin." ' Gordon, William W." ' Haney, John Andrew, corp.s "•"'^ Krumnocker, Casper." ' Kessler, George W.s Neal, Andrew A., corp.' ^' Eenz, Feidinand.e Ruth, Charles.'" Soiieffler, John." ' Setzer, Henry B.'*' Setzer, George, Jr.*" ' Setzer, Jerome." ' Sober, John.e Tidd, William K.' "'^'"'7 Vanauken, Alfred.'' ' Wag-ner, William H. A." ' Warner, William H." ' Weiss, Joseph H.° ' Died. Christman, Barnabas Vy * Knox, Thomas A. H., corp.** Miller, Abraham Brittain." Miller, Emanuel.'' ^ McDermott, John.'' " Nahr, Christian." 1 Dranesville. s Mechanicsville. 8 Gaines' mill. * New Market cross roads. 17 Gloyd MouutaLa. 6 Malvern lull. 5 Bull Rnn. 7 South Mouacaln. 8 Antietam. ^ Fredericksburg. 10 Settysbafjt. 11 Bristoe station. 12 Mine Rnn. 18 jSew River bridge. 13 Wilderness. "SpottsylvaniaC.H. 16 Norih Anna. i» Bethesda Church. MUSTER-OUT BOLL OF THE FOUETH REGIMENT. 605 Rupert, Peter J., sergt.'= = Slutter, Charles H." * Deserted. Brock, Charles. Correll, Smith. Dwyer, Joseph A V. Reigart, Heni'y. Romig, Edwin C, musician. Smith, Sebastian P., corp. Warner, Alired. Boll of company G, commanded by Captain Joseph Kimea, originally commanded by Captain T. F. B. Tapper. Joseph Kimes, captain.' ■= David R. Hood, 1st lieut.» " Wm. H. H. Goodwm, 2d lieut." ■= Austin, Charles W." Bailey, William.' ^"7 Bongarder, John.'' Beckman, Andrew, corp.'" Best, Samuel, sergt." " Case, John, corp."" Conover, William." Dunlop, James, corp.' " Engleman, Alfred." Fletcher, Adam." Gosline, Edward H." '' Greenfield, James." Hayman, Lewis J., 1st sergt.' " Hines, Samuel, sergt.' ° Holt, William A." Hotz, Daniel." Lattei-field, George W., corp.' " f Moore, Alexander, corp.' " Mathews, Samuel W." McCreedy, Andrew." McCreedy, Robert." Nicholas, Alexander F."" '^ O'Donnell, George W.° Rice, Francis. •> " Shull, WiUiam H." Smith, Jacob." Van Haitliran, Julius C.f " " Wakefield, Thomas F." Whiteman, Artist S." Yomer, Charles." Edward J. GaDagher, 1st lient.*' Ambrose A. Lechler, 3d lieut.'""'?""^ Barger, Benjamin F., corp." Beard, John.'' Braman, George.'' Brown, Andrew J." Conrad, Charles K." Coyle, Henry S., sergt.' Davis, John." Kitchen, Jacob R.'' Norris, Samuel." Pomroy, Andrew J." Shull, Elias D." Snyder, William H., sergt." Tompkinson, William." Vandisel, James." Vickery, John." Transferred. Thos. F. B. Tapper, captain.' AUabach, Charles, musician, s Ackley, .John N." ' Borden, Randall R.« Bigger, John." ' Dorsheimer, Dennis " ' Planegen, Joseph." ' Harry, Amos S., corp.* Lentz, Franklin A." ' Mumber, David." ' Mathews, David T.e Probasco, Edwin A., sergt.' Schneider, Jacob." ' Stewart, Joseph. ^ Tate, William J., coip.' Died. Bom, John, sergt." Carney, James, corp.' * Carter, William R," * Dempsey, William.'' * Flenner, Harry C' * Keel, Charles. ''™™«' » Promoted. b Captured. " Throagh all campaigns. <* To Vet. Reserre Corps. e Disability. f Wounded in action. g To serve unexpired term. h Honorably, by Sec'y of War. i Detached. s Killed in action 1 By re-enlistment, 606 HISTOET OF THE PENNSYLVANIA EESERVES. Margerum, Benjamin.''' Mathews, George.' * McJIinley, William." * Reily, Robert.' < Smith, Harvey.'' Syphorhelder, John.'? Whiteman, Charles S., sergt.' " Williams, Nathan S.' » Deserted. Ewell, James. Gamble, Charles S., musician. Lipstine, Samuel. McGinley, Charles W., musician. Singstrum, Charles. Williams, Timothy. BoU of company H| commanded by Captain Elieha B. (rates. (The author was unable to procure a muster-out roll aud a record of this company, following is the fuUest nominal roll in the adjutant-generaPs office. J The Elisha B. Gates, captain. George W. Crandall, 1st lieut. Edwin Rogers, 3d lieut. Anderson, John. Blakeslee, E. E., corp. Bennett, Edwin E. Beebe, Stephen. Bennett, Alexander. / Brown, Bernard. Chapman, Charles M., corp. Corey, John. Cokely, Jeremiah. Daily, Patrick. Ellis, Horton, sergt. Prink, William. Gates, William E., sergt. Gunsalus, Virgil P., wagoner. Gay, Calvin S. Gateus, Daniel. Gattemy, John S. Gurney, Sylvester. Gay, James P. Hatlieway, Samuel C. Hollenback, .E. N. Hall, Aaron J. HinChman, James B. Hickok, Thomas. Kenyon, Charles A. Luce, Russel S. Leasure, Baronet J. Magee, William, 1st sergt. Mills, Perry, sergt. Murray, Americus, corp. Paul, George R. Perkins, David. Riley, Edward. Sherman, Perry C. Springer, Tunis. Smith, George W. Smith, Denmark. Smith, Franklin C. Smith, JohnL. Simpson, Stephen G. Seal, Roger. Southworth, W. E.,corp. Sweet, Abel T., sergt. Thompson, Theodore, musician. Triplar, William K. Truesdall, John W. Vanscotei', Marshall, corp. Woodruff, George E. Woodward, Lauristown S. Williams, Alfi-ed. White, Marshall. Warner, Benjamin. Warner, Dennis. Young, John B. Koll of company I, commanded by Captain Prosper M, Davis, originally commanded 1 Captain Henry Hinwecliter, Prosper M. Davis, captain." ' " George M. Pannel, 1st lieut.' ' '^ William Hornel, 3d lieut." ' « Archibald, George W." Binckes, James, sergt." <■ Brady, John." Baker, Philip K.« Chance, Albert, 1st sergt." Churchill, Jacob, sergt." » Crowen, John G., sergt." " 1 Dranesville. 6 Malvern hill. 2 Mechanicsville. 6 Bull Run. s Gaines' mill. 7 South Mountain. * How Market cross roads. 8 Antletam. " Cloyd Mountain, Fredericksburg, is Wilderness. " Gettysburg. i* Spottsylvania C.H. " Bristoe station. 16 North Anna. 12 Mine Eun. 16 Bothesda Church. 18 New River bridge. MUSTER-OUT ROLL OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT. 607 Cramer, Isaiah H.» Cranmiller, William." Evans, Thomas, corp.» ° ' Everham, Charles." Feidler, Francis M., sergt.»» Fries, Joseph, corp."" Fields, "William, musician." Friese, Charles, musician." George, Edward." Gallagher, Edward." Hayter, Isaac." Jones, George.'* " Jackson, George." Johnson, Robert H.° Marks, Frederick." Moss, William H." McCunkell, James D.° McGovern, Thomas." McBride, John." McConkle, Edward." Eke, Jacob.' •> '^ RhenfeuUus, Andrew T., corp.»" Ritterson, Wiliiam." Riter, John N." Shillingforce, WiUiam." Stockman, William.' Bonders, Jacob." Weaver, Henry G.° Wolbert, Charles D." Discharged. Henry Einwechter, captain.'"*e°"^ William A. Peet, 1st lieut.'"''*''"^ John C. Chance, 2d lieut.' « Brooke, George W., 1st sergt.» ■■ Bryning, Samuel.' « Crjsemire, Nicholas.'' Christy, Edmund." Donnelly, John." Itildine, William." Hyde, James, corp." Hosback, Albert." Lambert, John." Martin, Henry, corp." McCnlly, WiUiam." Mclntyre, Isaiah." Pontzler, William P.« Parker, Samuel." Ryland, Thomas.'' Ruby, Joshua C." Sauville, George W., sergt."" Snyder, Henry, corp." Steinmetz, John." Snyder, Christopher." Voltz, John M." Yetters, Charles." Transferred. Billings, William H." ' Bryning, Samuel.' « g Growers,. Samuel, e Frank, Jacob, s Gardner, William H., corp." ' Gelby, WiUiam F.° ' Lutz, Charles. 6 Mr.CuUough, Robert.! LoefSer, WiUiam T.' Pabst, WUliam F.s Rogers, Bernard.' Stow, Morris.' ""T Sauville, Francis. « Weaver, Edward." ' Bied. Cavenaugh, Matthew." Churchill, Lewis." Dye, George.'* Fredericks, Jacob.' " Fesmire, Joseph.' ' HiU, Samuel." s Leaffy, John A.' * Moore, Robert A., 1st sergt." " Muuch, Augustus C." ' Slaver, Patrick.'' ^ Torbert, Hugh.'s Deserted. Brown, William H. McClary, James. Nicholas, Richard N. EoU of company K, commanded by Captain H", Ai Pennypacker, originally commanded by Captain William Babe. N. A. Pennypacker, captain."" Lewis H. Evans, Ist Ueut.* ' ''' Bamite, John H., co'i-p.^" Conner, Joseph M., sergt." a Promoted. b Captared. ".TbroTigli all campaigns. , * To Vet. Eeserve Corps.;' e Disability. f Wounded in action. g To Berre unexpired term. h Honorably, by Sec'y of War. i Detacfaed. t Killed in action. I By re-enlistment, v. v. 608 HISTOBY OF THE PEN-JS'STLVANIA EESEEVES. Collier, James.' * ° Cragsr, Homer." Guest, Thomas L." Henry, William H." Houck, B. F., musician. Kuglar, John." Lockard, William." McClure, Patrick. ">< " McCabe, Barney." Nice, Charles, 1st sergt." '* " O'Brien, Matthew." Peck, Abraham." Rapp, George W., corp.»» Rhoades, S. Preston." Register, David." Ritner, George W.° RoBsiter, 0. Striker." Snyder, John W., sergt."" Stadden, Joseph, corp.» " Smedley, Samuel, corp.» "> '^ Thropp, Isaiah, Jr., sergt." " Vanskite, Lewis H." Williams, B. F., musician." Young, Joseph G.*" William Babe, captain.''"''^""^ Enos L. Christman, captain." '^g^^ Anderson, Everett." Baker, James." Beran, Lycurgus." Bixler, Benjamin F." Brawan, William H." Buller, Charles." Collier, David." Danahower, George." Davis, Nathan, sergt.* Fomwalt, Isaac." Fredericks, Joshua." Fritz, John.'* Haldeman, Samuel." Irvin, David." Johnson, Emile," Jester, George W.' Kuglar, Joseph.' * " Lacy, Joseph.'* * " Lewis, Jonathan M.'* ' Lindsay, John." Louderback, Joseph, sergt." Mowday, John C ^ Peck, Thomas." Pennypacker, George, Corp." Reagan, P. Wiley, corp.* ' ' Registei', Daniel.' 8 Rossiter, B. P., 1st." Schofield, John W., corp." Signet, William H." ' Thomas, Isaac P." Townsend, Morton H." Willaner, Harry S., corp.* Weller, B. F." WiUiams, David B." Williams, Edmund." Wall, Philip." Transferred. Eachus, William.« Fawkes, Emanuel, e Hampton, Samuel H.° ' Hill, Isaac B.« Hennacy, William H.° ' Huffiaagle, Charles, corp." ' James, Joseph M." ' Kengle, John B." ' Kelly, James S." ' Lewis, Enos R.^ Locke, William.' 3 1 Morgan, Joseph W."" * ' Morgan, John.'' ' ' Manning, William, wagoner.* Murray, Charles." ' McGlaughlin, Joseph ' McGlaughlin, James A.' Peunypacker, Joseph." ' Reese, John."' Rofsiter, B. F., Sd."' Rossiter, P. K." ' Rearer, Jacob.* Snyder, John.e Speakman, Thomas.8 Spunger, Isaac.e Walters, Reuben H.° ' Wise, William.' Died, Buckwalter, John." Bush, Uriah.' « ' '7 Cookings, James.'' " Davis, JohnW.'"* Daily, Jeremiah.' ^ Forman, William." * Fratt, David R.'" Heines, Nelson F." 1 Dranesville. 3 MecfaanicsTiUe. * Gaines' mill. * New Market cross roads. " Cloyd Mountain. ^ Malvern hill. « Bull Ron. 7 South Mountain, 8 Antietam. ^ Fredericksburg. I*'' Gettysburg. 11 Bristoe station, 12 Mine Run. 18 Hew River bridge. 18 Wilderness, "SpottsylvaniaC.H. IS North Anna, 1° Bethesda GhurvU. MTJSTEE-OUT BOLL OF THE FIFTH REGIMENT. 609 Kirkner, Stephen.' * Little, John, sergt.' ' Mood, WilMam." * Mooney, WilUam D.' " Ruthven, Henry. = Eowland, Thomas W.' * RoberA, Benjamin H.» Smith, Ehjah J." « Smith, WiUiam T." WoUerton, Nelson T.'* Deserted. Johnson, Samuel. Morrison, Isaac. Wilson, WiUiam. Mnster-out EoU of the Fifth regiment, P. E. 0., commanded by Colonel Joseph W. Fisher, originally commanded by Colonel Seneca G. Sim- mons. Called into seivice on the 21st day of June, 1861 1 mustered out on the 15th day of June, 1864. Boll of Field and Staff Officers, Seneca G. Simmons, colonel.* * Joseph W. Fisher, colonel." George Dare, lieut.-col."' " Alfred M. Smith, lieut.-col.» Frank Zentmyer, major.' * » J. Harvey Larrimer, nSjor.' o » " James A. McPherran, major." John T. Carpenter, surgeon.' Samuel G. Lane, surgeon." ' Henry A. Grim, surgeon." • N. F. Marsh, asst. surg." ' E. Donnelly, asst. surg." ' W. H. Davis, asst. surg."' H. T. Whitman, asst. surg.' " 8. L. M. Conset, chaplain. John L. Wright, adjutant. Samuel Evans, quartermaster." ' Non-commissioned Staff. E. L. Scott, prin. musician. Discharged. J. M. Groff, asst. surgeon." O. C. Johnston, asst. surgeon." A. G. Mason, adjutant." ' E. L. Reber, sergt. major.' Harry Mullen, quartermr. sergt." J. W. Harris, com. sergt.' John H. Johnston, hosij. steward.' W. L. Smeadley, prin. musician.' R. M. Smith, sergt. major.' • G. P. Swoope, sergt. major." Koll of company A, commanded by First Lieutenant J. Henry Snay, originally com- manded liy Captain Eezekiah 0, TTlman, Fountain Wilson, capt." ' "^e""" ""!'• J. Henry Snay, Ist lieut.' » " " Blackwell, George H., sergt."" Brooks, John 0. Bnyyard, John W.' Brown, Daniel.'" ' Campbell, Duncan H., sergt.' '< ° Crist, Abram L., corp.'" Curts, Samuel M. Fisher, Harry W., sergt." Forsyth, Samuel, corp." ' Grier, W. Hayes, 1st sergt. " " " Promoted. !> Captured. e ThroTigh all campaigns. d To yet. Reserve Corps. • Disability. t Wounded in action. ff To serve unexpired term. h Honorably, by Sec'y of War. 39 i Dptached. k Killed in action. 1 By re-enlititment, v. t. 610 HISTOEY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA RESERVES. Qrier, Robert H., sergt. '» Gh-ay, Joseph, Jr.* * Gudykunts, Charles H.' Hackenthal, John. Hamilton, Alexander Kl'" • Hughes, Alexander." Harbock, Cyrus. Hartman, Aaron.' Kissel, Henry M., corp.' " Kline, William H., corp.' ^ Koona, Joseph.' » " Layman, John, corp.' ^ ' Mitchelltice, Solomon B. McCormick, George B. Kodearmel, Charles F.' Richards, Tuslam A.' Smead, Wilson J. Smith, Daniel.' Smith, James M., musician. Vanamon, Richard. Wetzel,- James M.' He^ekiah C. TJlman, captain.' Atwood, Prentice C.= Bennet, John L.' ' Beck, George.' Burton, James M., sergt.' Conner, Abner.' Cowden, Frank C Cramer, Hiram.' Clifford, William.' Dodge, Charles B.' Flook, James W.' Foster, Daniel S., corp.'> Hamilton, Charles M., sergt." Hetherlin, John L.' Harlan, James.' Hall, Egbert.' Jefferds, Alpheus.' ' Kline, John H.' Knox, Robert T., sergt.' Mann, Freeman H., musician.'' Miller, John, Jr., sergt.' Miller, James M.' Mehring, Charles." Mehring, Philip.' Nufer, Christinan.' ' Phillips, Edwin C Reichert, Henry.' Boyce, Benjamin A., sergt.' Smith, Isaac M.° Swartz, Jacob. Taylor, Samuel D.' Thomas, William.' Transferred. Brown, George M."^ ' Dunn, Thomas W.* Jacobs, Abram B.' """"^ Fanenodsworth, Andrew S.* Ganett, William H.« Russel, Evan, sergt.' "'p"" ""i* Young, Christopher.' ' * Died. D. Hays McNicken, 3d lieut." J. Woods Russel, 2d lieut.' '» Barrett, Richard.' ' Bilbey, Henry, corp.' Campbell, Duncan G., corp.' Canfield, Ralph.' Carpenter, Joseph L.' ■= " Dougherty, Edward, sergt.* ' Essig, Jacob.' Foster, Loren.'' ^ Guier, John H." » Housel, Dayid.' " " Harlan, Nelson.' Kissel, Albert M." McHenry, Almind.'" McClol, Robert.' Navel, Michael.' Pepperman, John A.' * " Ragel, Freeman H., corp.* • Robinson, Richard.'' ' Wilson, George. ■■ ^ Ashley, Jedediah J). Bury, Miller. Bostun, Isaac B. Ganae, Joseph. Huff, Irvin L. Hunter, George. Kreager, Daniel B. Laylon, Hiram L. Monegan, John. Robinson, Moses. 1 DranesvUle. ^ Malvern hill. » Fredericksburg, is WildernesB. • Mechanicsvllle. 6 Ball Run. w Gettysburg. u SpottBTlT»nia C.H. > Gaines' mill. ' South Mountain. i» Bristoe station. >6 North Anna « New Market cross roads. SAntietam. "MineEun. " Bathesda Church. MUSTER-OUT EOLL OF THE FIFTH REGIMENT. 611 Ml of oompany B, oommanded by Captain John A. liana, originally oommanded by Captain James laggait. John A. Mans, captain." " Peter Vandling, 1st lieut.' Black, William.' * Cutler, William." *■ " Fisher, George W., corp.'' ■" Hughes, Edward B.' Little, James R. Morgan, WUliam H., corp."" * McFall, James.'' « Newbury, Josiah, 1st sergt.° Elpple, George H. Schlovin, John P. Scout, John M., corp."* Throp, James, corp.'' Trumphore, Josiah.>> '" Bimhwrged. James A. Keefer, 1st lieut.' ' ' Henry A. Colt, 1st lieut. ''"sued Charles C. Jones, 2d lieut. "^ie""* Angle, Henry J.' Birkinbine, George, musician.' Beddose, David O." Beidleman, William.* Carson, Joseph C, corp.'* Croop, Henry." Campbell, John.' Coops, Alonzo."" 8 ' Cole, Jacob.' Diffenbacher, James G., sergt." Dufly, James." Damcoth, George.' Erlston, Henry." Eckert, WUlard." • ' Evert, Benjamin.' Fisher, Albert." Fleegle, John.' Foster, Henry." Garman, Amos."' Gibbons, John H." ' Hurlinger, Julius."' Hawthorne, George.' Johnson, Charles." C' Johnson, Samuel." Jarrett, William."' KeifFer, William."' Killbride, Daniel.' KUne, Edwin N.' Kreeger, Saiil R., sergt.' Kremer, Isaac." Lloyd, John C." Lyons, William." Morgan, James.' Morgan, John C McPherson, Milton.' McNeir, John.* « i McElrath, John.' Newbury, Joshua C, sergt.' •• Newbury, Brooks.' Peifer, Nicholas." Rake, David. = ' Renner, Jacob." Renner, Evan."' Rake, George." Standish, Henry C, musician. Seems, Tilghman." Scout, Charles W.'> ' ' Steinhelper, John." Smith, Wilham.' Snyder, John.' Trumbower, Francis.' Travis, Landis L."" ^ ' Vankirk, Daniel B." Vandling, Lafayette, corp.' * WaUis, William B., corp.' Wing, John G." Wallace, Joseph.' Weltheiss, William.' Winkelman, Frederick."' Williams, John.' WilUams, Joseph."' James D. Slater, captain.* Banhart, Jesse.s Banhart, Edward.^ Bashose, Benjamin F.k Clark, Samuel.'' Chappie, Zachariah.' Fleegle, Isaac S.e Hawk, David, corp.'** Hood, Charles F.e Johnson, John H.' Martin, Joseph, sergt.* Newcumer, Joseph. « Newbury, Augustus.* » Promoted. b Captured. <: Through all campaigns. * To Vet. Reserve Corps. « Disability. f Woaaded in action. E To perve unexpired term. !• Honorably, by Sec'y of War. i Detached. fc Killed in action. 1 By re-enlistment, r. y< 612 HISTORY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA BESERVES. Starrick, William.'' * * Strawn, Theodore.^ Vincent, David, b Williard, Solomon. « Young, William, Corp.* Died. James Taggart, captain.* * Charles Wells, captain.' » Brantigam, Jolin H." ' Bennett, James M.' ' Bashore, Joseph F." '» Cample, William.' Dale, Heniy." Gibbons, Simon.' Goranflo, John.' Hogan, Joseph, 1st sergt.' * Kapp, Amos E.' Marriott, John.' Newbury, Albin.' Rake, Albert.' Starrick, Christian.' » Voris, James C, corp.' • Deserted. Gibbson, Joseph. Murray, Frederick B. Phillips, James M. Slifer, George A. Boll of company C, commanded by Captain David McGangley, originally commanded by Captain John 0. Iioialne. David McGaughey, capt." ' « '3 " James H. Larrimer, 1st lieut.' John E. Potter, 1st lieut." Blingler, Edward, corp.» Beamer, WiUiam B. Caldwell, Matthew J. Conklin, Oliver, Corp." ' '■' Curly, Daniel.'' ' DeHaas, J. Harrison.'' « ' '* Folmar, Joseph W., Corp.* Green, John A." Haight, Wilham A. Hancock, George B., sergt." Harlan, Henry A. Kirk, John T." * ' « Lingle, George W.' '* Lingle, James. Leightley, James J.' '* Larrimer, Robert C.f ^ '< Malone, Patrick. Miller, James C, sergt."' ' Miller, Wesley B. McAllister, Martin.'" < '." McGonagle, William C, corp.'' ' McPherson,' James L., sergt." ' '•• Ogden, William A., 1st sergt." ' ■* O'Leary, Michael.' < Sweet, George H." * ' '* Williams, Smith B , corp.» Wilson, Thomas H., sergt.' Discharged. Alfred M. Smith, captain.' ' J. Oscar Loraine, captain.'^'e"'^ Jacob W. Beigler, 3d lieut.'«''P«* Betts, David McR., musician.' ' Bahans, William M.' Baughman, William.' Burge, Samuel J.'' ^ ' Caldwell, John M.' Carr, Richard S., corp.'* Coyle, John A.' i" * Dalan, John.' » France, Hiram." Hemphill, William R.' Huidekoper, John, sergt.'* Jackson, Joseph.' Koons, Douglas N.' Linergood, George W." Lingle, Sampson B.' * Merrell, Lorin.' McDonald, Archibald.' Passmore, Harvey P.'* Transferred. Bailey, Solomon M.8 Carson, Robert B.^ Coans, Williams. 6 Fisher, Henry.' '"^' Garver, Henry.'' Qirard, Claudius.' '■' e 1 DraneSTille. ^ Malvern hill. * MeclianioavlUe. ■* Bull Run. s Gaines' mill. ^ South Mountain. < new Market cross roads. < Antietam. 5 Fredericksburg. 10 GettysBurg. 11 Bristofi station. 12 Mine Bun. 13 Wilderness. 1* Spottsylvania C.H. IB North Anna. 16 Bethesda Church. MUSTEK-OUT EOLL OF THE FIFTH EEGIMENT. 613 Goodfellow, Lorin.8 Home, David B.e Lines, Joseph.'' Mitchell, Charles.* St. George, Oliver.' """t Smay, Daniel.8 Smay, Christian. « Ziegler, Nicholas ' " k Diet Bilger, Bolivar T., corp.' « Carr, Alexander.' * Derrick, Benjamin.' * s ' " Ford, Miles." « Harris, Philip B." » Horn, Daniel W." '« Hoy, John W., corp." * Leonard, James, corp.'' ■• Livingston, Robert.' Logan, Stephen D.= Livergood, Martin."' < « Merrell, Henry L.« Mullen, Martin, sergt.'" < » » McGaughey, William L.'^ '' » Payne, David.' •• Potter, Thomas L." » Robinson, WiUiam.' Spackman, Henry B.» Shaffner, Philip C." * Smith, Henry B.' * Stout, Peter F." ^ Stone, Martin.' ' Soule, George W.' ^ Young, George W., corp.'s' ii Deserted. Fitchner, Henry J. Jones, WiUiam. Manghamer, John. Shirey, David R. P. Shaw, Leyman McC , musician. Vimer, John. Welton, Harrison. Woolstencroft, Elkanah S., corp. EoU of Company D, commanded by Captain William H. H. MoCall, originally com- manded by Captain Thomas Chamberlin. "William H. H. McCall, captain." Thomas B. Reed, 1st lieut.' » « John B. Dayton, 2d heut." » Bockly, William. Crawford, Thomas.' Doran, James, sergt.' " Ditsworth, Amos, corp." " "■ Bicholtz, George, corp.» Fravel, WilUam.'^ GasMn, Thomas.' Gilbert, Daniel." ^ f 9 Hafer, John V., corp." ' ' Jems, Lervis.' ' JoU, Joseph.'' * Kennedy, Thomas. '' ' KnoU, John.' Moody, Charles. Monroe, Lawrance. Reed, Samuel A.' ' Reeder, Charles W.' Schock, George W., corp.' ' » Searles, William, sergt.' ' ' Stroup, Joseph.'' ' ' Ulrich, Henry. Walsh, Robert. Wheeler, Luther. i" ' Disoliarged. Thomas Chamberlin, captain.* Jonathan E. Wolf, 1st lieut." Theodore McFadden, 1st lieut.' » Babb, John, corp.' Bamhart, James, musician.' Reeling, Charles.'' Bonnell, Charles.'' Boylan, Michael B." » ' , Clymer, John, musician.' Camfield, David.' Covert, Daniel.'* Essington, John M., sergt. i" • Fichthom, James, sergt.' Pry, Benjamin.' Green, William C.» Gilman, Albert.' Hartman, John.'* Harbeson, George, corp.' ' ' Hath, Nathaniel. a Promoted. b Captured. c Through aU campaigns. ' To Yet Beeeive Cotps, e Disability. f Wounded in action, e To serve unexpired term. t Honorably, by Sec'y of War i Detached. k Killed in action. 1 ^Y re^enlistment, t. t. 614 HISTORY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA KESEEVE3. Harper, Isaac' Irwine, George.''' ^ Johnson, Albert E.' " « Kelly, George B., sergt."" Landis, Harry L.' ^ Mertz, Jacob K., corp.« Markel, Leoz." ' Morrison, James A."' * ' Moyer, Charles." ■• ' ' Meteer, William.' ^ Price, John D.' Page, Bhas.' Reber, John M.» ' ""t Ripple, John.' 6 9 Reese, Jacob, corp.' Schwink, William W., sergt.' Slifer, George M., sergt." Smi'^-, William H.« Smith, Levi.' ^ ' Smith, Peter.' « ' Strahan, Harrison." Say lor, George B." < " Showers, William H.' Walk, Richard H., sergt." ^ ' Wertz, Jackson.' Wertz, Isaac." Washburne, Charles." ' Woodward, York A.'> ^ "> » « Wilson, Thomas.' Transferred. Reber, Efflnger L., corp.» Died. Charles D. Shaffer, captain.' » » Campbell, Jacob, corp.'' ■• Eunis, John B.' »i=^ii'i» Harknis, William, corp.' ' Kyle, John.'' ' Kessler, John.'' ■* * Myers, William.''* McMichael, John C, sergt.'' » Ricker, Darius L.'' * Roberts, John B." * Bchofield, Hunter J., sergt." Sticker, Andrew Q.' * '* Taylor, Thomas." Wilkes, Newell." Welsh, John." Woodward, Oliver B.' " Wertz, Harrison.'' * Deserted. Barnhart, Jacob M., corp. Bamhartj Joseph. Bermet, Loloester. Connell, John. Dougherty, John. Johnson, William. Reed, John. Theis, Henry. BoU of company E| commajided by Oaptain Bicliaid Sinsmoie, oiigiiially oommuided by Oaptain J. Irvin Gregg. Richard Dinsmore, capt.' "b""' """t^ ' David M. K. Betts, 1st lieut." Ashey, Samuel W., 1st sergt.' Askey, Robert S.° Boyle, James.' " '» ° Comer, Henry S.° ' "n""'*"™ ""■■p" Cox, Marshall, 4th sergt." Delancey, Irvin, 2d sergt."" * " Fleming, Thomas E." Force, Martin V. , 3d sergt.' •■ ° Gorman, Patrick.* Ham, William.' 9 « Johnston, Roderick.' * ' Lucas, Isaac Y.° Mulviney, Richard, corp." McKean, James.' ' • McCaman, William.'' Price, David." Robb, Henry.' '* " Showers, Daniel.' " Swiers, Joseph Y.° ' » ^ " Scott, Robert S." Williams, David." Walter, John.' » « Watson, Joseph L., 5th sergt," Werts, William B., corp." Yamell, John B.' ''". DiscJuM-ged. J. Irvin Gregg, captain." 1 DranesTille. ^ Malvern hill, s Mechanicsville. ^ Bull Run. 3 Gaiues' mill. ? South Mountain, ^ New Market crosa loads, ^ Aiitietam« 9 Fredericksburg, la Wilderness. >» Ge ttysb urg. M Spottsylvauia C. H. " Bristoe station. 16 North Anna. 12 Mine Eun. 16 Betbesda Gliaroli. MUSTES-OUT ROLL OF THE FIFTH REGIMENT. 615 James H. Larrimer, captain." Joseph P. Lucas, 1st lieut.' f * ' Ashey, James.'' Aaton, Owen.f * Arnold, William H.' * Bullock, Parker W.""' Bowes, Jackson.' i' ' " Bradley, James.'* "' Comer, William.'* Chase, George W.' "•"Uj Dusenburg, William.' ' " ' Elliott, George." Etters, William, corp.' s 's ' Fisher, Franklin." Fravel, George.'* Garritt, John H.' ' Hughes, James." Hintin, Harvey.' " ' Hintin, George.' " ' Lucas, Thomas B." Musser, John." Murray, Joseph S." ' Mulholland, Daniel B.'" i McCauslin, Henry, corp.'^ McGlaughlin, Charles A., corp.'» McKinney, James." ' McQuillan, Thomas." » " ' Neal, David." Osenwaltz, John." Parker, George E.° ' "t™"^ ' Robb, George." Ross, Thomas." ""'""r Rank, JohnB.'*' Shively, John, corp." Sweetwood, Levi." Shifler, George W." Sarvey, John." Shaner, John.' """"^ Weaver, Jahn F.' * White, James." Williams, Hurbert.'* TraTisferred. Smith, George, musician. > Died. Hardman P. Petrikin, 1st lieut.* • Askey, Jacob." Askey, Robert M."" Bowes, Emanuel, corp.'* Brightil, John H.'' 2 Burgh, Frederick.'' s Etters, John ¥.'■< Eckly, Wharton." « Ennis, Dayton.' " * Felmalee, David.' * Fulton, David, corp.'' ' Gault, Samuel, sergt.'' ' Glen, Curtin A.' ' Harnish, Allen ' ' Hintin, Isaac.'' •• Halabaugh, Samuel.'"' Hintin, William, corp.'< Kelley, Thomas." ^ King, William H.' '» Lucas, Henry M." Murray, Patrick." ' Man, Joseph." ' Michael, John H." * Martin, William M., sergt.' McGarvey, Frank, sergt." ' Reiter, Michael." Trezeynluy, J. F. P." « Whisler, Hamilton, sergt." ' Deserted. Gill, James, musician. Green, Samuel. Hall, Benjamin B., corp. Soli of company F, commanded liy Captain J. A. MoFhenan, oiiginally commanded liy Captain A, J, Tiont. J. A. McPherran, captain."" J. Bill. Means, 3d lieut. Alloway, Jacob." Baker, Levi C » " Bardoe, Hiram." Bota, James.' s " Brittain, John, 1st sergt." Bruner, Charles." Bucher, Charles H." Buck, Theodore, sergt.' ' * Chubbuck, Harriday." Covert, James P. Clark, Daniel S.' « Denton, Isaac. a Promoted. b Captured. c Through all campaigns. " Wells, William. Died. R. W. Sturrock, captain." * Augh, Eli D." Brown, Henry N.' ^ Brosa, Thomas.'' » Campbell, Josephus, sergt.* "' '* Camp, Levi B.'* Conndly, WiUiam." Graham, Thomas." Haywuod, Pliearon.' Hebe, James, sergt.'' " Pitcher, Benjamin R." Wilson, William H. H." Deserted. Adams, Solomon S. Berwell, Jackson. Hummell, Augustus. Long, George. Boll of oompany 0-, oommanded ly Captain Gha,ileB M, Hildeliand, otigliially oommoDded by Oaptaiu A. S, Hanison. Chas. M. Hildebrand, captain, i" * ° I John A. Willoughby, 1st lieut." » » | R. McCleUan Alexander, Sdlieut.* Brewster, James C ' * 1 Dranesville. 2 MechanlcsTlUe. ' Oaines' mill. * New Uaiket cross roads. 6 Malforu hill. 6 Bull Ran. 1 South Monataiji. s Antletam. 9 Fredericksburg, in Gettysburg!. 11 BriKtoe staUon. IS Mine Bus. 18 Wilderness. " SpottsylvaniaC.H. 15 Nortb Anna. u Bettiesda Cliurch. MUSTER-OUT BOLL OF THE FIFTH REGIMENT. 617 Decker, David, corp.° Eckley, Henry, sergt." Foust, Frederick. Greissinger, David H. Hawn, Jacob, sergt.'» Hinkson, Jacob.' " Hawn, Augustus.' s ' Irvin, Samuel." Kelley, Patrick, sergt. Lloyd, Eleazor." Lightner, John. Moyer, John. McCabe, Samuel S." McDonaJd, Henry.' pi""i«r omrs Nash, George H.'« Posten, Peter L., corp." Powell, Ephraim.« Pope, Daniel. Pope, Edward. Rowland, James." Stonebreaker, Harrison, 1st sergt. Shoultz, David, sergt." Stewart, Anderson, corp." Smith, John C, musician. Shontz, Jonas B.' Schontz, Christian." ' " Stehley, Benjamin. Stewart, Asbury. Wicks, Abraham.' «rtiiio7 Weston, Simon." Westbrook, David." Discharged. John E. Wolf, captain." ' » A. S. Harrison, captain. George Thomas, 1st lieut. Thomas Conpropst, 1st lieut. William F. Thomas, 3d lieut. Joel Tompkins, 3d lieut. ""'k""' Allison, Steele." Gouts, Franklin, corp.' Gouts, Cteorge.' ^ ' ' Cox, WiUiam.' Dean, John." ' Eby, John." Garrett, Barnard." Gilleland, William." Henderson, John S., corp." Hall, Thomas.' ' Hite, Thomas M.' Hoover, Joel." Johnson, John." King, John P.' Lloyd, Thomas." Miller, David H.' Moiire, James." ' Morgan, Franklin. "» McCarl, Robert, corp.' * " Nash, Daniel G." O'Brien, John." Prough, Samuel.' Ramsey, John." Rupert, George." Swivell, John." White, Thomas."' Williamson, Samuel." Traoigferred. Green, Charles."* Lowther, William.* Fisher, Franklin.' Sweeny, John.e Died. Robert, W. Smith, 3d Kent." » " Brinder, David." >= '^ Cairns, John.' 2 '* Corbett, Luther.' » Corbin, Harrison." » Couts, Henry '^ » Davis, John B.' ' " Edwards, G«orge W."" * Everett, Walter H.'" Fowler, Samuel." * Given, Thomas, sergt.' 8 Irvin, Daniel.* '■* Keith, Andi'ew." * Parks, John." * Pope, John." * Stewart, Joseph." ^ Stewart, Abraham." "3 Deserted. Couch, Cyras. Herbert, Michael. Keith, Stillman H. Shannon, Alexander, sergt. Sheeder, William. Wicherman, William H., mus'n. 1 Promoted. b Gaptared. e Throagh all campaigns. d To Yet Beserve Corps. e Disability. f Woanded in action. s To serve unexpired term. h Honorably, by Sec'y of War. ■ Detacbed. fc Killed in action. I By re-enlistment, v. t. 618 HISTOBY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA EBSERVE3. Eoll of company H, commanded by Captain Harry B. Paxton, originally commanded by Captain John McGleeiy. Harry B. Paxton, captain.' ' John M. Bhoads, 1st lieut." " John H. MoNally, 2d lieut." <■ Aude, Charles B. Ault, HemanB.'i'* Blair, William P., sergt." » » Blair, WiUiam S. Beeclier, Joseph." ' ™ "^'"^ Bobst, Thomas S. Calwell, Silsby, corp." Divel, Jacob.'' ' " Follmer, Samuel H., 1st sergt.' * Priedberger, Myer B. Gillespie, James M., corp.' of""" Griffin, Thomas S." Haiper, William." Hayman, William H., coip." Hollopeter, Joseph, sergt." ' ' Higler, John.'^" Kohler, WiUiam, Corp.* ' ' " Kyle, William M.'" < " i"™™" Kerr, John M. Longan, Anson." Murphy, John.' Morehart, David.* * ' Mytinger, Pobert 'E.^ »« McMurtrie, John W.° Nesbit, Randolph.' » •« • Nash, John." Painter, Thomas J.* ' " Paxton, Charles, sergt."" * ' '* Philips, David C. Eitter, WUliam." » " Sattezahn, John.' " « Seacrist, John." Strine, William, Jr.* * Smith, John H. Simmons, George W. Sones, Ellis P. Sones, Daniel. Shoemaker, Conrad.' * •» Strouss, Jacob. Shaw, Joseph W.° Sticker, Charles W. Stoughton, Robert A., sergt.' * Williamee, Thomas. Yeager, Henry A. Zimmerman, William." Discharged. John McClfeeiy, captain.' * ""'b""" Samuel Shadman, 1st lieut."*'*""* Thaddeus G. Bogle, 3d lieut.''"s°"^ Achenbaugh, John." Barnsley, Samuel." Bent, Thomas.' Biggars, Abraham R.' Bingaman, Daniel S." Blue, Samuel.' Burkholder, Porter D.' """'"^ ' Britton, Charles, sergt." Craw, Henry, corp." Drew, Manderville, musician.' PerroU, Michael W." " ' Piggies, John.' "^"^ Piester, Edward K.' Planigan, Michael.' """^ Force, David." Gramlich, Prancis J.' ""'"'^ Grossner, Frederick." ' Gerhard, John A." ' Harlan, Thomas." Haynes, John. Kennedy, James T." Kyle, Lewis." ' Lebard, Joseph." Moyer, Daniel V.' McCleeiy, WilUam.* ' """^ McDonald, Miles. Nichols, Halsey S., sergt.* Paxton, John B.' » Renn, John P.' Simmons, Frederick.' Smith, George W." " '* Smith, Franklin C." ' Stevenson, Hiram M ' Stine, Jeremiah.'' < ' » " • Sullivan, John.' ""'^ Travellett, Daniel.' Tate, Mc Curdy, sergt.* Waite, Alexander." Worman, Charles L., corp.* Teager, Ellis." Transferred. Carothers, Adam K.' "p"" <^f Died. Armstrong, James C* * Divel, John, corp." * '< ' DranesTille. 6 Jtalvern Mil. 9 Fredericksburg. * MechanicBville, * Bull Run. lo Gettysburg. ' Oaiaes' mill. 7 South Mountain, 'i Bristoe station. * N&w Market cross roads. B Antietam. u Mine Bun. IS Wilderness, " SpottsylvaniaC.H. IB North Anna. u Bethesda Church. MUSTEB-OUS BOLL OF THE FIFTH EEGIMENT. 619 Heinlin, John." * " Laurenson, George.' Madara, Henry.'' * Mecune, William.' * McCarty, Albert.' O'Neil, Michael.' « Shively, John." Simmons, Isaac N.' ' Stover, George.^ ^ Strouehecker, Henry C.« Walton, William." * Warbutton, Joiin C" < Deserted, Barker, Cyrus J. Caldwell, Jacob 0. Craw, Richard H. L. Haynes, Jacob F. Lebo, Charles. Mecam, Jared. Ball of company I| oommajided by Captain Jamea Porter, originally commanded by Captain George Dare. James Porter, captain.* " Granville P. Swope, 1st lieut." ° James A. McPherson, 2d lieut.* Thomas L. Guyer, 2d lieut* " Album, James A., corp." Ayers, James P. Aurandt, Jonathan. Chamberlain, David." Chromster, Jacob.' " Campbell, Alexander.' Comealy, John.' "^=^ (sJomealy, Christophei;. Dare, Richard H., musician. Dickson, Alexander, corp.'" Tunk, Martin W., Bergt."" " Giles, James E."= Garland, Joseph." Gerisamone, George, sergt.* • Ganoe, Gideon.' Geist, Martin." Griflath, Joseph." Hampton, David E. Huey, William. Hamilton, Thomas.' Isenburg, George W.' ■• Keith, Joseph. Kelley, William." Knee, David, corp.»" Laird, Milton." Miller, Leander." Maguire, Luke.' McKean, John B., 1st sergt.' ° Nash, John.' Patterson, William C, sergt.' " Patterson, William H. Parks, James.' Rice, Jacob." Rice, John C. Reybold, Gotleib." Reader, Daniel. Shannon, William.' Speaker, George W., sergt.* • Stewart, David D.' Tate, Edward.' Watson, George. Discharged. Robert B. Freazer, 1st lieut. Ayres, John W., corp." Beack, William, musician.' Barton, John.' Bathurst, James F., sergt.' * Dickson, Samuel.' Franke, David.' » Henry, John.' Holman, Mahlon T." Klepper, John." Lee, Napoleon H., corp." Louis, Marshall H.' Laporte, Samuel." Moore, Miles, corp.' Nash, Alexander." ' Romberger, George A.' Romberger, Balson L." Spangler, Samuel, corp." Taylor, Samuel." Weston, Jeremiah." Wills, Samuel." Wilson. George C* Worts, James R., corp."' Transferred. Frank Zentnlyer, captain.* * George Dare, captain."; Albright, David.« Bohew, John.'' a Promoted. b Gaptnied. c Throngh all campaigne. d To Vet. Beserve Corps. e DlBability. f Wounded in action. ff To serve unexpired term. b Honorably, hj Sec'y of War. i Detached. k Killed in action. 1 By re-enlisitment, t. t. 620 niSTOET OF THE PENNSYLVANIA, EESEEVES. Caldwell, David.' Griffith, Benjamiii.8 Howard, James H.e Harpster, Jacob, e Kinch, Emmger.' "'s""" «^' Knee, Henry.* McCoy, Joseph.* Patterson, John J., sergt.* Shannon, Peter.' '^^ Swisher, Henry.* Worts, Thomas.' "'™"y Wilson, Abraham.* Young, David.* Died. David Zentmyer, 1st lieut.' " ' Israel H. Hinch, 2d lieut." ' " Ainsworth, James. ^ Clark, Lewis L.* Cram, James.'' ' Dixon, William.' Gilland, William." Harpster, Thomas." Household, Samuel." * Hastmgs, Joseph.' ' Morrow, William." ^ Schuch, Benneville.= Shollenberger, Charles.' ' Simpson, Oliver." •• Thompson, John P." White, Henry.' Deserted Akley, John. Albright, George B. FeDenberger, Jonathan. Huyett, Aaron. Lesser, George. Smith, James M. Stains, William. Stewart, William. Stressler, Jacob. Tremberg, Peter M. Yingling, Martin. Boll of company E, oonunonded by Cuptain Thomas H, Caldwell, oiigiiLally commanded by Captain Joseph Wi Fisheii Thomas H. Caldwell, captain.' " John L. Wright, 1st lieut.' ' William H. Carter, 1st lieut." " '* Samuel Evans, 2d lieut." ' Bemtheyal, Henry, musician." Boyer, JTulius. Carpenter, Daniel L.' aniManoe corps Caley, William E.""! « Clair, Jacob S., sergt.'" Faulkner, Charles E., corp.» ^ * Gohn, George F. Gohn, Daniel F.' ' Houzendoubler, Amos R. Kerchner, Herman."' *'^ Moran, Michael H." Poll, John." Rothwell, John.' * « Reese, George V.' " Sheridan, John.' Saylor, Peter W.' ' Williams, Jacob." ' i''°°«' ""ii" Discharged. Joseph W. Fisher, captain." John T. Barnes, 1st lieut.' » » Albright, John W., Corp." ' Allen, James.' * * r; Bailey, Jacob B.' rr'' Betts, Plemming." Bogart, Livingston, sergt.' Bostick, William F., corp."' Coles, Thomas." " 3 ' Dasher, Joseph E., sergt.' Dysinger, Michael.' 2640 Findley, George W." Fry, Robert J." Farley, James.' * ' Frailey, Jacob J." ^ ' Feagley, Henry. ^J Gaigan, Patrick. Gibble, Reuben H.'" <• " Gish, Addison." ' Gabriel, William C." Gohn, James W., corp."' Hoopes, Benjamin P." « Hess, Abraham, musician.' Kerchner, Welhngton R., sgt."" '• Miller, Jacob D." ' McLaughlin, James.' Mullen, Henry.' Rhodes, John.' " * < ' 5 Draneeville. 5 Malvern hill. 2 MechanicsylUe. « Bull Run. 8 Gainea' mill. ' ' South Mountain. * N^v Market cross roads, s Antietam, 9 Fredericksburg, 10 Gettysburg. 11 Bristoe station. >a Mine Bun. " WlldernesB. " SpottsylvaniaC.H. '6 North Anna, u Belheeda Ctaorch. MUSTEE-OUT BOLL OF THE SIXTH EEGIMENT. 621 Ehinehart, Jared C" ° ■= ' Boat, George.' Somers, Michael.' " ' Souders, Benjamin F.» Smith, John.' Smeadley, William L.' Torbet, John J., 1st sergt." ' Troast, Benjamin.' Welsh, Whitefleld.f « ' Transferred. Amodt D. Collins, captain.' ' ^ ' * Smith, Eohert W., sergt.' « ' Buchanan, Eobert.8 Gamey, Thomas. Games, WiUiam.'*' Gude, Lawson H. Hafeecker, John. Jones, Gomer.' •■ ' Kilbum, Francis.' "t Marsh, Joseph M.* Nicely, Alexander.' < ' * Omer, Robert. « Pitts, Daniel H. Eessler, David M.« Torbert, William P.' » * White, Eu. D.k Died. Bennett, Thomas, sergt." Desh, Augustus.' s Dyer, George.'' ' Eisenhart, Ghristian.' ""' '■'"™'* Fackler, George.'' «ie»»o''ri« Hollands, Charles, sergt." < " » Houzendoubler, John A."" Linfield, Levi E.' 2 » < Potts, Francis A.' < ' Boat, Charles G.' a Rordy, Lewis.' ^ Smith, George W.» * Saylor, John.' ^ Speaker, Joseph, sergt.'' ' Shreiner, Edward M., sergt."" • Wells, Peter, sergt." * ' ' Wilson, Thomas G." ' Deserted. Boufiter, Jacob C. Crusan, Isaac. Lewis, David R. Eambo, Joseph C. Stokes, John. Sommers, Patrick." * Mnster-OTit Boll of the Sixth legiment, F. E. C, commanded by Colonel Wellington H. Ent, originally commanded by Oolonel William W. Eicketts. OaJIed into service on the 27th day of Jnly, 1861 1 mus- tered out on the 11th day of June, 1864. Eoll of Field and Staff Officers, Wellington a Ent, colonel.' ' '« ' William D. Dixon, lieut.-col.' William H. H. Gore, major." George S. Coleman, adjutant.' Aaron A. Scudder, quartermr.' "> Charles Bower, surgeon. Joseph R. Corson, asst. surgeon. Non-eommissioned Staff. John S. Steames, hosp. steward." « Promoted. b,Captiired. c Through all campaigns. * To Vet. Reserve Corps. Emanuel Eurtz, prin. musician.* James A. Nicholson, prin. mus'n.' William W. Eicketts, colonel.' William Siaclair, colonel.' ' '^8"«« Henry B. McKean, lieut.-col.' Wm. M. Penrose, lieut.-col.''''s°'* Henry J. Madill, major.' Samuel Jessup, chaplain."" e Disability. f Wounded in action. sTo serve unexpired term. h Honorably, by Sec'y'of War. i Detached. b Killed in action. I By re-enlistment, v. 622 HISTORY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA EE3ERVES. Thomas Stevenson, chaplain."*'''"* Robert H, McOoy, quartermr."=''e°«' A. J. Atkinson, asst. surgeon, ■■^'sned Z. Ring Jones, asst. surgeon.' J. Leander Bishop, asst. surgeon." Thomas A. Abbott, sergt. major.' Aaron A. Scudder, qu. mr. sergt.* H. Malcom Dwyer, qu. mr. sergt.' James B. Goodman, com. sergt." Perez L. Norton, com. sergt.' L. D. Montayne, hosp. steward." D. Henry Barstow, hosp. steward.* Henry A. Burbank, prin. mus'n." Transferred. Bezaleel R. Hayhurst, sgt. maj.' ' ' Christopher Woods, prin. mua'n.' James W. Chamberhn, prin. mus.' Died. James S. Drake, hosp. steward.' BdU of company A, commajided by Captain gamiiel Wateia, oiiginally commandei ly Captain WiUiam W. Eicketts. Samuel Waters, captain." ' '^ " Albion B. Jamison, 1st lieut." " Harrison J. Conner, 2d lieut." " Auchenbach, Charles." Bowman, Henry C.° Bruner, Nelson." Eck, Alfred." Eck, Joseph S.° Fomwald, Charles 8.'* Griffith, Thomas." Gottehall, Samuel G.'T Gottehall, Henry. Hess, Joseph R., corp." Hayman, Randolph, corp."" ' * Hughes, Marks B., corp." ' ' Hamlin, Peter S.° HoUingshead, William." Hause, Joseph P." Hughes, Jonas H. Hower, Sylvester." ' ' Jamison, Benjamin P." Jacoby, Alonzo.'' ^ Jacoby, Plemmins.'' " Kern, William." Lewis, Hiram B." Marquerum, Winfield 8., sergt." ' ^ Mears, George W., sergt." ' » '2 " Mendenhall, Theodore.' '" Millard, Augustus." Mann, Andrew W.' ° Raup, William. Sterling, Baltis." Shortz, Abraham." Snyder, William H., corp." " Sharpless, Benjamin T., corp." ' 8 Stanley, James, 1st sergt." " Waters, George." Zigler, Alexander. DisoTiarged. William W. Ricketts, captain." Wellington H. Ent, captain."" Isaac H. Seesholtz, 1st lieut.™"*""* Samuel Knorr, 2d lieut.^'s""* Auchenbach, Calvin." Abbett, John H. Berger, Jeremiah." Bowman, Righter W., sergt.' ' Burket, Uriah R., sergt." ' ' Clark, John C, corp.' Coleman, John." Coleman, George S.' ' " Chamberlain, James W." Coffman, William E.' » Drinker, Francis P." Gensel, George R., sergt." Gensel, Amos, sergt." ' Harman, Henry C." Hayman, Joseph S." Hartman, Isaac." Harder, Charles S." Hagenbach, Abner H.' ' Hower, Sebaldus.' Kortz, Joslah." Kramer, Julius C ° ' Kostenbauder, Martin V. B." Karns, Moses ' '"^"^ Kern, Henry." ' Metz, David." Megargel, Detlue H." 1 DranesTille. s MechanicsTille. " Gaines* mill. * K&v Uaiket cross roads. 6 Malvern hill. • Bnll Run. ' South Mountain. B i^utietam. • Fredericksbarg. 10 Gettysburg. 11 Bristoe station. >: Mine Run. 13 Wilderness, 1* SpottsylvaniaC.H. 16 Worth inna. 16 Bethesdi Church. MUSTER-OUT BOLL OF THE SIXTH REGIMENT, 623 McNeal, William, corp.« Nolton, Henry.' Palmer, William H.« Price, William H.' ' Quinby, Franklin J.' s « Ross, David S." i Stineman, Leonard 8." Strauser, Franklin, fs Seitzinger, Ludwig.' s e Treaker, Reuben H.' Tremble, George N." Whitesides, George, coip." Whiteright, Philip C.= Transferred. Chamberlin, John.' ^^^ "T" Fm-man, Chester S., corp.' ''«^ mt* Gotshall, John Y.e Hayhurst, Bezaliel R., sergt." ' s i Hite, George W." Howell, Jolm.« Kmrtz, Emanuel.* Ramsey, James H.' "'s"»' mt' Young, Jeremiah S.' '"s"" °<"p« Died. Demorest, George W., corp." Eck, William H. H.' Hamlin, Milton G. W.' » Hess, John J.' s Kline, John R.» Linn, Henry.' s Mason, Malcolm W.° Monroe, Robert.' ' MoBride, Isaiah.'' ' Patterson, David M., corp." Rehr, Franklin.' Shuman, Harrison A., corp.' ' • Walters, Samuel 0.'' ' Whitman, James B.« Deserted. Beltz, John K.' "> Slater, Henry P. ' "isaerr Schwaderer, Cliristian. Ball of company B, oommanded by Gaptam Levi Epler, originally oonunanded by Cap- tain Charles S, Bonsh. Levi Epler, captain.* " WiUiam Harding, Istlieut.'" Edwin D. Lebkicher, 3d heut.* Auckey, James.* Bowman, Henry H., corp." Calvert, Robert P., sergt.'" " Cantwell, Michael, corp.' '' " Charles, William P. Emmett, John, sergt.* " Everett, George, corp.» Enig, George.' 7 Fink, Isaiah, corp.' Pinicle, Edwin W.* Feeny, Patrick.' ' Gutsleber, Adam.' Gray, Michael.'' Gregory, Cyrus." Haas, Levi."" Keeler, Nathaniel." Long, Samuel.' '^'T Loy, John.' "*iii"7 Miller, Charles. Mowry, Jacob E.* '^ Mowry, David 0." >> '•* McCormick, John.'' '= Pepper, Michael.' ' Parker, David.' ^ Rupp, John 0."° Ressler, Levi C. Reif, Franklin."" Rarick, John B.'' Smith, John.* Seesholtz, Samuel."* Salada, Cyrus.' '» Sampell, John.'' Seller, William. Snyder, John N." Sterick, Theodore S. F.« Zartman, John F.' ' Charles D. Roush, captain.' ' Arnold, James.' Arnold, John.' ft Promoted. b Captured. c Through all campaigns. d To Tet. Beseive Corps, e Disability. t Wounded la action. g To serve unexpired term. t Honorably, toy Sec'y of War. i Detached, i Killed in action. 'By re-enlistment, v. t. 624: HISTOET OF THE PENNSYLVANIA RESERVES. Batdorf, Reuben. Bender, Solomon.' Bowersoc, David." Bowman, James H., sergt.' Bowman, Charles S., sergt."' Campbell, Peter.' Campbell, Abraham." Campbell, Adam.' Duck, Wilson.' Decker, Isaac' ' Doney, John.'"' Fink, Henry.'' Gutelius, Nevin P., corp.' Gundrum, Samuel.' Grow, Daniel." ' Keiffer, Martin L.° ' Leister, Franklin,' ' ' Mackey, Clinton.' ' Norwood, Joseph.' ' Neitz, Emanuel.' Oswalt, William.' Park, Benjamin T., corp.' Peifer, William H.' Portzline, Henry.' Reigle, John.' Rogers, Samuel.' Ritter, Samuel, corp.'" Rumberger, Daniel P., musician.' Simon, Nicholas.' Shaffer, Joel.' ' ' Stock, Henry P., sergt.' ' Seachrist, John H.' Spencer, Charles.' Strawser, Theodore."" Shrawder, Henry.' Shultzbach, Henry.' Swineford, Charles F., sergt." Walt, William.'"" Willmore, Rudi.'" Werick, Emanuel.' ' ' Yorgey, John, corp.' ' Rathfan, Wilson.s Rathfan, Thomas.'"! Reisenbach, Joel.s Siltzbach, Henry.* Stahl, WiUiam.K Died. Bobb, William.' Boran, Jacob P." Chubb, Stephen." ' " Daisey, Martin.'' ' Eckhart, Peter." ' Kohler, John.'' « Mo wry, Henry B., corp.'T Norwood, Edward.' ^ Robinson, Thomas, corp.'* Swartz, Nathaniel." Spotts, Samuel.^"™" Stever, John.'' « Shell, David." ' Troup, Simon.'' ' Trego, John.' Zechman, Jacob A." Zimmerman, Samuel.' Deserted. Dormier, Nicholas. Haines, George. Hammond, Thomas. Peifer, Jacob F. Sause,^Ri chard. Boll of compmy G, commanded ly Captain William Tamblyn, originally commanded by Captain John S. Wright. Wm. Tamblyn, captain." ' ^p"' "i» John E. Lewis, 1st lieut." ' Arthur, George D., sergt." ' Brink, Russell, sergt." Bull, Samuel." Bishop, Emmett. Baillie, George H.* Canavin, John." Chase, Gideon B.' Duvall, John S.' Forman, Isaac' '< ° Fammig, Michael." ""^ Groner, George.' * * Hallet, John." Justin, Howard T." Katz, Jacob F." ' 1 DraneBTille. z MechaaicsTlUe. B Gaiaes' mill. * Xlew Market cross roads. 6 Malvern hill. • BnU Run. ' South Mountain. ' Antietam. * Frederickshurg. 10 Gettysburg. 1^ Bristoe station. " Mine Eon. 15 Wilderness. " SpottsyWania C.H. 16 North Anna. u Bethesda Charoh. MUSTEB-OUT BOLL OF THE SIXTH REGIMENT. 625 Kellow, William, corp.* e ' Kimble, Philander." i" '6 Lavo, Mortimore B.* Labar, Nelson.* McFarland, Frank.' ' McKane, lliomas.' * Kolan, Samuel.' prowst gnani o Rodgers, James. "= Rowley, George.' Spratt, Michael.' '" « Sherwood, Nathan B.* Surrine, James M., corp.' ' Thomas, Sylvester." Wright, Julius 0., sergt." < Discharged. John S. Wright, captain.' « » Robert N. Torrey, 1st lient." William H. Goodman, 1st lieut. Ammei-man, George, corp.' Andrews, William H.' ' Avery, Lewis K." Ball, Isaac H., corp.' Barker, Smith A., corp." ' Bryant, Samuel B., 1st sergt.* ' Ballis, M. L.'9 Broadshaw, Aaron." Bishop, Harvey." ' 'Colwell, Charles." Chen, Peter." Deun, Collins M." Day, Theodore." Durshimer, Henry.' ' Elmendorf, Newton W., corp." ' Fuller, WiUiam T." Freeman, Earl W."^ " ' Pineg^n, Hugh."' Gerity, James.' Greely, Robert A.' Griffith, Calvin M.' Croner, John H." Hays, Stephen M.' Janyne, William H.' ' Jayne, Squire W.' Lathrop, Halsey.' •" » ' Lavrrence, H. M.' Mackey, Enoch." • Melons, James.' McParley, Michael.' » McFarland, Milton, sergt.' Niles, Augustus.' ^ Nisle, John." Porter, George.' Robinson, David." Stanton, Frank."" Shafer, Alvin." Starbird, A. C." Sherwood, Henry.' Shannon, James." ' Shopp, George J." ' Stuart, Frank." ' Thorp, Nathan, corp.' Thorp, John." ' Trangferred. Goodnough, Lucien, corp.' "s"" "*»■ Smith, William W.' ^ '° s Steams, John." » • '■"'p'w steward Sampson, Oscar F.8 Died. Avery, Daniel.' = k is Baker, John." ? Belknap, John.'' ' Burton, Daniel." Borches, Henrv.'' ' Darling, A. J." ' " '* Darling, Daniel.* ' Davidson, William.' ' Hurlburt, William H., 1st sergt." Karslake, John." = Neithart, Charles." '» Nelson, James T." Pulis, Calvin, corp." Reed, John L." ' Reemer, Edmund L." i Stark, A. D." Torpyn, Edward." Torrey, David B." •» Ward, Stephen D." Deserted. Baker, James. Lane, Abraham. TuUy, Thomas. » Promoted. *> Captured. c Thro ugh aU campaignB. * jPvet. Eeserve Corps. e Diaability. f Woonded in action. B To serve unexpired term. !• Honorably, by Sec'y of War. 40 ■ Detached. k Killed iu action, 1 By re-ealiBtment^ t. t. 626 HISTORY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA EESEBVES. EoU of company D, commaEdea by Lieutenant William Bnigeas, originally commanded by Captain William D, Dixon, William Burgess, 1st lieut." » » Armstrong, Jacob W.' '" Bessor, Pliilip, sergt." " Burns, Simon H., corp.' * Boettger, Henry. Cick, Anthony." Crawford, William." Ecker, Elias W." Givler, William S." Gold, Albert." ' Hassler, Calvin M., sergt." • Hart, Jobn W., sergt." » Heymans, John B., corp. Holcamp, William, corp." • Huff, Isaac T." Jarrett, John H., corp.' ^ « Jenkins, Samuel C.° Kridler, William H." Lewis, David J. Leisher, David F., 1st sergt." » ^ Lewis, John M., sergt."'" Murray, Heni-y. McGovem, Owen. McNamee, Patrick. Naugle, George W." Peters, Michael P." Roush, J. Levi, corp.' ^ " Sixeas, Thomas T." Shaffer, Hezekiah.' « = « Scott, Robert W."^ Taylor, Robert." ' ' Welker,. George A." ^ Webb, John.* Bischavged. David Vance, 1st lieut.'«''eii> ■« McKelvy, Benjamin F.° ' " Owens, George." " 's THE SIXTH REGIMENT. 627 Deserted. Eichelberger, Augustus. Earhart, Charles E, Hughes, Thomas. Kennedy, Cyrus E. Monn, Peter. Minor, Henry. Maxom, Peter. Winlan, Henry. EoU of company E, commanded by Captain Cliarlea Kiohart, originally commanded by Captain Mahlon K. Mauley, Charles Richart, captain." " Aderholdt, Earnest.' " Cunningham, Robert." Deen, George M., 1st sergt." Davis, John.' s o Darfus, John."" Frieze, Nicholas, sergt.* ' Hare, Joseph. ' P"nost guard o Hilgert, Jacob.'" Hagen, Charles."* Levers, Thomas, sergt." Lezerve, William, corp.«" Lockhart, Edwin, musician." Metz, Joel, sergt." ' '" Moyer, WOliam A., sergt." Miller, Joseph.' '* Marchal, Carlisle." Moyer, Lewis." McGiU, George.' 6 Richard, John O." Roup, James.'' Rantz, Isaac."" " Shedon, John.' » Staub, Conrad." ' ^ Shultz, John." ' » Voght, George.'^" Wellever, Thomas.' " Wagner, Otto.' ^ ° Ward, Abraham, corp." ' '< Tordey, WiUiam S.' » Discharged. Mahlon K. Manley, captain." Jno. Horn, 2d lieut." Josiah Mull, 2d lieut.'' Ackey, William B., sergt."' Brown, James H.« Bailey, Olmey." Bowman, George.' ^ Buttles, William.' Chronister, John M." Chaplain, Orvil." Cowden, Samuel.' Francis, Thomas.' '2« Flinn, James.' ^ " ' Gillespie, WilhamE., corp."' Grill, Josiah." Heissner, Henry.' ^ " Jones, Benjamin A." Karigher, Gotleob.' ^ Kieser, John." King, Richard.' '• " Krelmer, George.' ' Keiner, William, sergt. ""M''™"'" Kustenbather, Henry, corp." ' Leffler, John, corp." ' Miiler, Jacob." Metzgar, Sebastian. '8 Mulen, Oscar, i" Pursel, Perry.'' Richart, Eli J., musician." Reinhards, Edmond.' Rose, Joseph. •■ ^ " Smith, Thaddeus S., corp.' Springer, Conrad." Singhiser, Theodore." Swartz, Gottleob.' Snyder, William." Steinhiser, Philip.' 9 Van Vrankin, Daniel D.' '• West, Christian." Wagner, Christian." Williams, George." Woods, Christopher.'' » Promoted. b Captured. fi Throagh all campaigns. d To Vet. Eeserve Corps. e Disability. f Wounded in action. g To serve unexpired term. li Houorably, bjSec'yof War, i Detached. ^ Killed in action. 1 By re-enlistment, v. v. 628 HISTOET OF THE PENNSYLVANIA EESERVES. TraiMfevreA. Hacker, George." * ^ " JHed. Gibson, Aaron R., corp.' * " Hunt, William W." « " Hileman, Franklin.' ' Jolilison, Matthew B." Lucas, Abraham. Miaier, John."" '« Ott, Alpheus D.« Price, Abraham.' ' Sechman, Samuel.' "• Shiffert, Jacob.' » Traufii, William.' Vale, Cyrus.' Walten, Joseph." Wearer, Joseph.' 'i Beurted. Bingham, George. •Garner, Augustus. Hurst, Miles. Horff, William. Koons, John. Mallon, Felix. McLaughlin, Bernard. Springer, Philip. Walls, John. Zerbe, Wilkins K. EoU of company P, commanaed by Captain W. Angnstns Meeker, originally com- manded by Captain Daniel Bradbniy. W. Aug. Meeker, capt." ' s 9 is c WilUam S. Briggs, 1st lieut.' " * " Bloodgood, Jason P.' " Baker, Samuel S. Benson, Orlando F., sergt." Brigan, Charles E., corp." ' * " Coleman, John P. Campbell, Pemand D. Chapman, Wallace M.° Crayton, William.' 9° Clarke, Benjamin M. Cooper, James.* Drumy, Dennis." Finlan, Owen, corp.*'" French, Jeremiah, corp.' ' * French, Sheldon G.' « « French, Bennett.' ^ Gardner, George L." ' ' Langford, WlMiam, sergt." ' '" " Lent, F. Fleming. Laurence, William H.' " Mmin, John." Munn, Teldon. Miller, Alfred D. C « ' """""t McKean, Titus David.' '» Nolte, William.' ^ Pierce, John C. Phelps, Jacob E. Phelps, Diton. Page, George M. Schryver, John M. Schoutem, John W.f corp." ' '" * Taylor, Perry C ^ Walker, William H.' s 's Diicharged. Daniel Bradbury, captain.' ' • • Lemand D. Forrest, 1st lieut. Bouton, William." Brown, Eben." Brown, Charles E." Brigham, Ebuleus." Cole, Samuel W." Campbell, Nathaniel.* Cole, Franklin M.' Crayton, Stephen." ' Demorest, Edward." DrescoU, Cornelius." Degroff, Elijah.' Plinn, John, sergt." ° ' i Forrest, Lorin W., sergt.' Fritcher, Silas J., corp."* Pox, James R." Fuller, Charles J.' « " Forrest, Orrison." Forrest, Alfred H.' French, Truman.' « ' French, Joseph." Finlan, Roger." Hall, James E., corp." ' Heavener, Michael." 1 DraneBville. s Mechaalcsville. 8 Oaines' mill. * New Market croes roads. 6 Malvern hill. « Bull Enn. 7 Soath Monntain, 8 Autietam, (• FrederickBbarg. 10 Gettysburg. li Bristoe station. 13 Mine Ban. 18 Wilderness. » Spottsylvania C.H. "> Nortli Anna. w Bethesda Chnrch. MUSTER-OUT ROLL OF THE SIXTH BEGIMENT. 629 Hicks, Sevellen A.' Joues, Isaac Koeler, Horace W.' ' « Kinney, G. Frank, sergt« Lyon, Oliver D.i Moughan, Michael.' Murray, William H.' s i Mariott, Charles.' McVanuan, 0. Barton, coi-n ' 9 = i Odell, Vincent.'. Perkins, Horace W., sergt.« Rogers, George P., sergt." " Rice, Isaac A.' Struble, James." Struble, Horace.' SpauMing, George W.' Sherman, Francis M.« Stone, Aaron.' . Smith, Harry.' Tanner, William." ' Waldron, William K.'*' Wallace, Hezekiah." Wilson, James H.« TransfeiTed. Kenney, Orin D. B., corp." « Kenney, Simon C King, Richard W.° ' Krizer, John.s Died. Burke, Patrick.' ' Barnes, Thomas.'' ' Daley, Aaron A."^ " Foron, William."" '» Gordon, Z. Wellington." » Greenleaf, Edmund Q.= Hicks, Marshall O., sergt." 9« » Hughes, Julius M.' « Lowe, Myron.'' s TJogei-s, Mason E.' s Rogers, Murray M.' ' " Smith, David." Wheaton, Francis E.'= ' Deserted. Densmore, William H. Hicks, Allen B. Lungher, William. Wright, DeWitt C. Eoll of company G, oommanded by Captain CJharles AUen, originally commanded by Captain Jacob Beher* Charles Allen, captain.' ' • Benj. F. Ashinfclter, 1st lieut." ° John M. Williams, 2d lieut." " Baskins, George W.' Bishop, Jacob. Berst, Levi. Breckbill, Perrie." Curry, Wilham M.' Chubb, John. Cole, Alonzo.* Camp, Simon C." Conroy, William." ' Dehue, James F.' ^ a Embick, Jacob A. ' Geveren, Patrick." Gosline, Jam^s D." Gray, George W., corp." '» ° Hayhurst, B. R., sergt.' Hughes, Christian."' ' Hemperley, George L. Hain, Robert." Johnson, Wallace M., sergt.* " " Linn, Jacob.' pioneer corpa Peters, Joseph A., Corp." Peirce, George M.° Peirce, Cyrus H.' Peteis, John M.' Stoner, John R., sergt.' Suavely, John D. Sulivan, Cornelius.' '* Townsend, W. Ford.' '* DiscThwrged. Jacob Reher, captain." John Yentzer, 3d Keut.'esisnea AUiman, Benjamin F." Bonnee, Jolm A., sergt." Books, .John D., corp."' Bear, Henry A.' ' ' a Promoted. b Captured. e Through all campaigns. i To Vet. Beserre Corps. Disability. f Wounded in action. s To sprve unexpired term. ii Houoral)ly, by Sec'y of War. i Detached. l£ Killed in action. 1 By re-enlistment, t. v. 630 HISTOET OF THE PENNSYLVANIA KESEEVES. Barnes, Simon.' '" ' Bomberger, Michael.' Cam, William. » Church, George H.' 8 » Cole, George W., corp.' Cover, John.' * Dewalt, John.' Dailey, Patrick." Eichelberger, George.' ' ' Etter, John C ^ » Fish, Lewis.' Graybill, Jacob.' Gavigan, James." Gibbins, Jacob." Goss, George W.' Gould, James S." Hauser, Frederick M.' " Horn, Lorenzo, corp.' ^ " ' Kough, Henry A." Lockard, John.' Lemon, John.' ^ ' ' Leggore, William.' Montgomery, John." ' Montgomery, William." ' Manley, Amos.' Martin, Jacob G.' Marquit, Andrew B." Powell, James." Quinslor, William.' Kife, Joseph B., 1st sergt.'' Rouse, Franklin." Reichenbach, Peter.' 8 Stanley, James H., sergt.' Straus, Aaron G." Stores, Jonas F." Spicht, Henry D.' Simmers, Charles." Stehman, Henry C." Vjncent, Robert W." Waborn, Frank R." Tramf&rrei. Abbott, Thomas, corp." » Hurshen, Francis.' ""^ Jury, Adam.s Kohler, Charles.e Lloyd, John .8 Strickland, William.e Died. Bury, William H.« Bailey, Joseph.'' ^ Eichelberger, Hemy.' '° Fitting, William, corp.'' » Geist, James." Henderson, Martin." Horn, George W., 1st sergt." ° ^ " Murphy, Bernard." ^ Peters, John M.'' * Penneman, Robert.' '" Robinsbn, James." Smith, Edgar." Spencer, Lewis." ^ '* Smith, Daniel.' '« Weist, Daniel.' ^ Deserted. • Cornwall, Charles. Elliott, Reuben. Fisher, Peter H. Orth, William H. H. Swigart, Aaron. Wilson, Daniel. *Eoll uf company H, oommandod ty Captain James Caile, originally commanded liy Captain Jnlins Sheiwood. James Carle, captain.' ' James B. Goodman, 1st lieut.' Blanchard, John S., corp.^ Blanchard, P. H.' """? Coolidge, Josiah. Conway, Thomas. Durlacher, Simon. Ely, Calvin, sergt." Emmick, George W. Gtbbony, John. Husselton, A. S., sergt." Hazlett, James H.* Ives, S. S.a Jones, John D.' """'"^ Kimble, Henry. Keeny, Henry J. Ki«ner, William. Losinger, Sylvester J. 1 Drauesville. * MechanicsvillQ. 8 Ga,ines' mill. * l^ew Alarket cross roads. 6 Malvern hill. « Bull Kun. 7 South Moautain. s Antietam. Fredericksburg. 10 Gettysburg. 11 Bristoe station. 10 Mine Bun. 13 Wilderness. " SpottsylTaniaC.H. IB North Anna. 10 Bethesda Church. MtrSTEE-OUT EOLL OF THE SIXTH EEGIMElirT. 63] McChire, Thomas K.' McComber, Michael.' '<• Nichols, Chester R. Palmer, C. K.'^ Philips, Oscar J., corp.» Ripley, Hobart, corp." RamsdeU, Joseph E.» «"iiii»7 Sando, Wilbam. Smith, Michael.* Blatts, James S., corp.» Sullivan, John. VermUyea, A. R., sergt.» Warren, Philander R., corp.« WUson, George R.* Warrener, Asa.' '>"i"'=ry "Warrener, Hiram.' ""iuery "Wisener, 'WLlbam H. Yahn, Charles, corp.» Discharged. Julius Sherwood, captain. '«''s°«* Marinus N. Allen, 1st lieut.'*"6"»' John W. Rose, 1st lieut.'''^'8°=* Silas Rockwell, 1st lieut.' John Hinman, 2d lieut. '='«"'* Bailey, W. Prank, sergt.' Babb, Caleb." Ballard, John." Bjckel, James N.' ""'""y Brag, Lucieh J.' Brown, Patrick " Cone, C. C, corp.» Christian, Warren P., corp.' Carriel, Edmund." Crans, Orlando." Curran, Ira P." Dickinson, Arnold." Dcyle, John." Emmick, Thomas L." Emmick, John L.' Gotchins, George H." Grinnell, George L."^ Harbst, George.' Holliday, Darius B." Ives, Burke P." Jay, Hannibal." Jennings, George.' Kueney, Luther J."> Love, Jeremiah." Maxwell, Charles H." Merrick, George W., sergt." O'Connell, Jerry.' Peet, Harry T." RamsdeU, Hiram J., sergt." Rumsey, Joseph E.^ Russel, Albert J." Stacy, S. P., corp.« Syon, Abram, corp." Scheiffelin, Jacob M.* Seamans, S. R." Seely, Benjamin." Swastwood, Aaron O. Wingate, WiUiam.' Webb, Ransford B., sergt." Transferred. Bacon, Morgan L.' tuciitaiis Scudder, Aaron A., sergt.' "•" Webmore, Job.' i"""i Wetmore, Almond.' Died. Reuben M. Pratt, 2d lieut.' ' Atherton, Erwin R." Cole, Campbell.'' s Cowden, James.'' ^ Poster, Frank A., 1st sergt.' '* Gibberd, John.''B Gusten, Harrison C" " Harrison, John." Huck, William." s Jennings, Jeremiah. '* Margraff, William.' « Moore, James.' ^ Taggart, John." ' VanHorn, William B." s Wetherbee, Delo W." Roll of company I, commanded by Pirst-Lieutenant Peter States, originally commanded by Captain W. H. H. Gore. Peter States, 1st lieut." Henry B. McKean, 2d lieut." ' Burbank, Joseph T." Biles, George R." " * Promoted. b Captured. c Througli all campaigns. d To Vet. Beserre Corps. e Disability. / Wounded in action. g To serve unexpired term. h Honorably, by Sec'y of War. i Detached. It Killed in action. 1 By re-enlistment, v. ' 632 HISTORY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA EESEEVE3. Cole, Daniel." Chase, Cyrenus F., sergt.' ^ » Chamberlain, Joseph G.' ' Davis, Zebulon.' •• Dull, Andrew J., corp.' ^ " ° Eby, Daniel.' 8 a Holcomb, William.' Knickerbocker, Demus.' p'°''«' Lear, Charles W.° Lane, Willard D., sergt." » j\Iartin, Fred. L. Mead, Francis C" * Moore, Miller C. McKinnemey, Allen, corp.* ' Phioney, John H., 1st sergt.»" Stephens, Henry C, sergt.^" Sears, Wallace L. Sherman, Nelson, f e s 9 13 o Scarvill, Amasa D.' Smith, Augustus.' Scott, Thomas.' Shaw, Samuel.' ""'J' Wilber, Charles H.' ' '^ = Yarrington, Hugh J., corp." ^ Diicharged. W. H. H. Gore, captain.* Abbott, Pa'rick, corp.° Adams, Henry L , sergt.= • Allen, MahlonE.« Alexander, Perry.' '"'""■^''' Albro, Stephen G.' *^'=^ " Barnett, Jerome.' Bebee, Cornelius.'' ^ Burbank, Henry A., musician.' Bumham, H. A., corp.' By era, John M.° ' Barston, Henry .» »"s«" Coverdale, Wesley." Crocker, Silas W." ' David, Amasa.' Bstabruk, A. J., musician.'" Frost, Electus W.« Fell, Joseph G.* ° Gorsline, Gilbert H.= Gorten, Charles.' « Grist, Norman.' ^ ■= ' Haunan, Francis, sergt.* Hicks, J esse, "^'^i""'"' Johnson, Nicholas." Johnson, William.' Kennedy, William." Kellogg, Daniel." Keeney, Burton L." ' Kramer, John." ' Kramer, Charles"' Linch, Daniel.' °*™'^ Lynch, Charles.' 5" McCauliff, Patrick." ' McMahan, Matthew." Noble, Charrick J." ' O'Boyle, James." ' Palmster, Albert." ' Payne, Sheldon G." Renschlier, Fred. L.' ' ' Roberts, Samuel " Russell, Ransom B."" Sleyter, P. C." Smith, John S.' 9 Stephens, Charles H., corp.*'8* Sweet, Franklin." Thompson, Francis W." Thrasher, Greorge M., corp.*"" Tripp, Denison.' ^ Transferred. Brown, Benjamin M.' DuBois, Delos.' Grtintier, Clarance B.' Johnson, James.' Kjiikerbocker, A. H.' Northrop, Orlando." ' Northrop, Thomas.' Pursall, Enbery." ' Williams, L. O.' Died. John M. Guyer, captain.* " Brown, Oscar H." Chapin, Orla C." Howard, James." Knickerbocker, James." Meham, Michael." Mulhast, Patrick.'' ■• McHue, Peter, corp.' ' McFagin, Patrick.'* Sible, King G." Starger, Ebenezer P." Shortelle, Robert E.' '" Shaw, Clarence B., corp." ^ " Stephens, Andrew J." Zaner, George R."" " 1 Dranesville. 2 Mechanicsville. " Gaines' mill. ^ £(ew Market croES roads. 6 Malvern Mil. OBuUKun. 7 South Monutain. 8 Autietam. 8 Frederlcksbarg. 10 Gettysburg. 11 Bristoe station, u Mine Run.:. 18 Wilderness. '* SpottsylvaniaC.H. IB North Anna. 16 BetliBBda Church. MUSTEE-OUT ROLL OF THE SIXTH EEGIMENT. 633 Deserted. Douglas, James -H. Fausey, James S. Gorslii, A. J. Mead, Harrison P., corp. Oden, L. D. Shoop, Matiiias. Welsh, John. Wilson, Josiah. EoU of company K, conmiaiidea by Captain John ShnU. John Shull, captain." Jacob A. Bonanitz, 2d lieut.* " Brock, Charles, 3d sergt.' "> * Belcher, Oscar L. Bagley, Daniel B.' """Hsfr Brown. John M.' ■ Callan, John.'' ^ " Connelly, John, 2d corp.« Daffy, John." Dennrig, John." Fitzmyer, Albert.' ^ « Fisher," Hiram. Groterant, Henry H. Gregory, Benjamin. Garman, Eldridge." Holgate, Richard H. Kay, George. Martin, John B." ^ is Pope, Charles L.« Pennell, William. Parrish, William A. Riordam, James, 1st sergt." ' ' " Sheehan, Patrick." Seigler, Samuel.^ ITlrich, Phihp. Vangorder, James P., 3d sergt.* Wilhams, Aug. B., 5th sergt.' s c • Young, David." '^ Discharged. David Mason, 1st lieut." Ackerman, Newell.^ Anderson, Thomas." Allman, Isaac' '" ' Belcher, George W., 5th aergt.» ' Belcher, Charles T.' 8 " Blanchard, Ferris." Babcock, Charles P." Bronson, James M.' ' " Braner, George.' ' " ' Comfort, Isaac L." Dubois, Richard E." Fitzgerald, Michael.' " Garvey, Daniel." Harrington, Charles J., 3d corp." Hewman, Thomas G., 5th corp.' Hamilton, James W." Hawkins, Charles." Hoagland, Charles." Illig, Alexander." Kresky, William F., 4th sergt." ' » Lewis, Sidney." Larrabee, Melvin." Maynard, David P." Morgnahan, Jolm A.' Matthewson, Charles." McKeever, William, 1st corp." ' « • Norton, Perez L., 1st sergt.' ' Ritter, John." Remmele, John." Rotharmel, JaooW" St. Clair, George W." Shafer, Stoughton P." Sunnk, Jacob." Scranton, Oliver." Sims, Robert J." ' Sloat, Urbane.' Tracy, Frank M.' Underwood, Addis B." Vandusen, Granto." Warner, E. D." Walker, Charles A." Webster, Isaac D.'s 'o • Transferred. Andre, Jefferson.' "> s Attwood, Elijah.' Ires, Alexander, 3d sergt." ' 6 lo i Purdy, Abram.e Radman, Theodore." « Utter, Calvin.' ""'"""y Died. Atwell, Lucius E." a Promoted. b Captured. e Through all campaigns. i To Yet. Besetve Corps. e Disability. f Wounded in action. s To serve unexpired term. b Honorably, by Sec'y of War. i Detached. t Killed in action, ' By re-eulistmeut, v. v. 634 HISTORY OF THE PEXNSYLVAKIA EESBRVES, Blanding, 0. L.' "'s"*' °°'^' ' nMhTiiie Diiy, Isaac, 3d sergt." ' ^ Demander, H. E., 3d corp.'"" ^ Groterant, George M.' ' Hunt, Warren.'' ^ Henderson, Vernon F.'' ' Morris, Joseph B.'' ' Slawson, Henry D." ' Sleptren, Anthony." " " Tanner, Gayiord C." s Townaend, Albert G., 1st corp." ■Willins, Luman 8.' * Missing in Action, Banks, Edward S. Hough, Alonzo.' " Deserted. Broeser, Edward, 2d sergt.' - Bisbing, Andrew.'' ^ Lydon, Michael J. Tinsman, Henry. Muster-out Eoll of tlie Seventli regiment, P. E. 0., commanded by Colonel H, 0. Bolinger, originally commanded by Colonel E, B. Harvey. Called into service on the 26tli day of June, 1861 1 mus- tered out on tte 16tli day of June, 1864. KoU of Field and Staff Officers, Jolin A. Cogley, 1st It., r. qu. mr." Volney Hornet, asst. surgeon.^ A. Judson Furman, chaplain. Non-commissioned Staff. George W. Brown, qu. mr. sergt." John C. Stover, com. ssrgt." WiUiam H. Gibson, hos. steward." Nathan KUentob, prin. musician." Elisha B. Harvey, colonel." Joseph Totten, lieut.-col." TJobert M. Henderson, lieut.-col. Chauncy A. Lyman, lieut.-col. Brady A. Sharp, ad'utant." "William J. Harvey, adjutant. Charles A. Lane, reg. quavterm'r. Thomas Jones, asst. surgeon."' Thomas P. Hunt, chaplain. Charles M. Stout, adjutant. Alfred W. Green, surgeon.'' J. Leander Bishop, surgeon'' W. R. Ross, asst. surgeon. Transferred. Edward P. Zinn, sergt. major.* James S. Robinson, sergt. major." Missing in Action. H. C. Bolinger, colonel.' ' ^ b i.i LegrangeB. Speeoe, major." '^ James S. Hastings, adjutant.' * " Died. Cummings E. Ross, com. sergt.' * * Eoll of company A, commanded by Captain E, Beatty, formerly Captain James S. Col- well, originally commanded by Captain Eobert M, Henderson. Erkuries Beatty ^captain.' ' "i " ' Bosh, Lewis.' Braston, William." ' Elliott, Isaac* ,.>'- 1 DranesvUlo. 2 Mechanicsville. s Gaines" mill. * New Market cross roacU. 5 Malverti hill. fi Bull Run. 7 South Mountain, s Auiietam. Predericksburg. 10 Gettygburs. 11 Bdstoe station. ^ Mine Eon. 13 Wilderness. i*SpottsylvauiaC.H IS North Anna. ^0 Bethesda Church, MUSTER-OtIT EOLL OF THE SEVENTH REGIMENT. 635 Greerson, John H.< Haverstick, Joseph B.' Halbert, James L. Harkness, Charles C.' ' * Heeiser, John G.'* Hoflfer, George W.° Humer, John S., corp."" Kristler, William, musician. <* Rheem, Edward B." Schuchman, John 0. Strohm, George.* Wolf, Edgar J.* Wyie, Wilham.f<« Discharged. Robert M. Henderson, capt.« ' < ^ i Adair, John D., 1st sergt." Bixler, Andrew H." BUss, Charles.' Barlow, James." Bentz, James.= Burkholder, John E., sergt.' '* ' Dixon, William T. B.' Dubessy, Joseph.' Eusminger, William A.' Fries, James O.' Fry, George." « Gardner, Jacob A.« Goddard, Charles B.« Hayes, Edgar W., corp.' Henderson, Richard P., corp.* Hubly, William B., corp." • Halbert, Charles B." Haverstick, John W.' ""^ * Hecker, Hemy L."> " Hendricks, John H.* < " Kenner, John W.' Kempton, Sydney.' '■e""' ""i" ' Low, Jacob M.' Long, Andrew K., Jr.' ™"^ ' Mullen, Charles H." ^ Monyer, William A., musician.' McBeth, Samuel A., corp." ' ^ Nevin, David R. B." Neif, Theophllus.' Noble, Jacques W." ' " Phillips, Edward W. P." Reynolds, John.'' Spotswood, Wilson M., sergt.' • Sharpe, A. Brady." Sharpe, Thomas.' Spicer, Charles A.' Snodgrass, William.' ShaD;ibeTger, Philo H.« Sipe, Marion P.' Sites, WiUiam B.' Thomson, Joseph B.' Watts, "William M.' ''"^^t « Waggoner, John L.' ■" Welscli, George.' Williams, George.' Transferred. Cart, Jacob, sergt." ' Cockley, John R.'s* Carriden, David D.' '^s""' "im Elliott, John W.* Ilarper, William W., sergt.' * Hyte, Henry E.s Laird, William W.e Moore, James H.' '"'"It Meloy, James H.s Parker, Isaac B., corp.' '"Toiry • Robinson, John.e Spangenburg, John G.' '"^'i't Winderlick, Charles A.' Missing in Action. Samuel V. Ruby, 1st lieut." ' 's David W. Burkholder, 2d lieut." " '^ Adams, John T." '^ Brannin, Patrick.' '' Constercamp, Joseph." " Cuddy, John T." " Eby, Van Buren, sergt." '' " Elliott, Samuel, corp." ' •> '» Eby, Harry J." '3 Paller, John D., sergt." •• " Gould, Wilson H.' » '3 Harkness, William H.'' " Hefflefinger, Samuel." " Humer, Jesse B." '" Holmes, William R. , lat sergt." ' " Harris, John T., corp." •> " Jannier, Charles.' " Landis, Jacob, Jr., corp."' " Meloy, Jacob L." '» Morrison, John T., corp." * " McCleaf, William." '^ McCane, David M., sergt."" " McCrosky, James H." " Natcher, John A." " Otto, John." 's Reiff, Frederick K." ■» Rhoads, John." '« a Promoted. b Captured. c Through all campaigns. i lo Vet. Beserve Corps. e Disability. f Wouaded in action. e To serve unexpired term. " Honorablj, by Sec'y of War. i Detached. b Killed in action. 1 By re-enlistment, T. r. 636 HISTORY OF THE PKNNSYLVANIA EESERVE3. Schlusser, John A.' " Sites, Samuel, corp." •> '^ Stacy, William W." " Vantilberg, George H.' * " Walker, Edwin T." '^ Walker, David S.* '» Wilders, George J." '^ Died. James S. Colwell, captain." * * Brechbill, Charles W.» Calpt, William M., corp.»" CoUis, John." s Faller, Leo W.' « " " Green, Henry T." = Haverstick, David.* » Haverstick, Benjamin.' Henderson, Wm. M., 1st sergt." Kenyon, John R., sergt.» ' Low, William A.'= Miller, James A." Nevel, William. » Smith, Samuel K.' ' Spahr, David." * Spottswood, Robert H." Steele, Joseph W." ' Wise, George W.^'^' Zimmerman, William, sergt." ' Bes&rted. Patterson, Augustus. Eoll of oompany B, commanded by Captain Henry Clay Snyder, formerly Captaia J. Qi Snyder, originally commanded by Captain John Jameson. Henry Clay Snyder, capt.» ' "b"'^ «"•« Bowers, Michael W." Camberlain, John.''* Dewalt, William H." Free, William." Grimes, John, sergt.' ' ' ' Hamilton, John J., 1st sergt.* Hain, John S." Hebel, John C."'" Hassinger, John F.° Huggins, Jacob.' Hibbert, Jonathan." Lunig, John S.' Larzelere, James." Liddick, Daniel." Miller, Wilham." McConnell, Thomas." McCracken, HaiTison, sergt." Potter, Jonas." ^ " Shumaker, Jacob." Shelly, David P." Shuler, Henry H.' s o Sheibly, James P.' * ° Wingard, William." Welsh, Elias.f " Weikel, William." ' " Williamson, George W." BiscTiarged. John Jameson, captain.'' ' re»iE""* John Q. Snyder, captain." ' ^ " George K. Scholl, 1st lieut.'«ie°'* John Deitrick, 1st lieut. Adams, Matthew." Bitting, Lewis." » • Boyer, John." Cluck, John.' » Deemer, John." Derr, John." Eshelman, Justus W., sergt." Foley, George." Grissinger, George." Haas, Samuel, sergt." Hiickard, James." Keiser, Leonard." Keagey, William.' •• Kirkpatrick, Thompson, musician." Leibyel, Solomon." Myers, Lewis." Monroe, John.'* McGlaughlin, Carson." McKuight, John A.' ' " Reen, Christian. ' ^ « " Reen, Frederick.' « " Rhinehart, Frederick.' ' " Stephens, Josenh." ^ " Tagg, Richard.*' « " Vandling, Wesley." Winters, Henry H., 1st sergt." Winters, Joseph." Williamson, Cyrus.' * " Wayne, John." Zitch, John." 1 Dranesville. ' ^ Malve^'a liill. 2 Mechanicsville. flBiillRuu. 5 Gainos' mill. ' South Mountain. * New Mai'ket cross roads. 8 Autietam. Fredericksburg. 10 Gettysburg. 11 IBristoe station. 13 Mine Bun. 13 Wilderuoss, 1* Spottsylvania C.H. 15 Nortii Anna. u Bethesda Church. MUSTER-OUT ROLL OF THE SEVENTH EEGIMENT. 637' Transferred. Beaumont, Elias.' Billman, William.' Blakely, Joseph C.s Dufiy, James C » ' Glaze, Joha W.b Gebhart, Carles.' ""'"07 Hebel, James, corp.' » Holmes, John W.' Hebel, David, e Harmon, Calvin R.« Harmon, Frederick H.s Harmon, Newton C.s Keller, William T.8 Klinger, Philip, musician.' » Lowe, Thomas.' Lenhart, Isaac R.' Lindsay, William.' Light, Jacob.s Priesler, Rudolph.' Portyline, Wilham H., sergt.' ' Ritter, Israel.' Snyder, James.' Smith, George.' Teihple, Robert, s Ulsh, William, e Williamson, John W.' Wolf, Alfred.^ Missing in Action. Wm. H. Dieffenbach, 3d lieut." * '= Walker, William, Bower, Edward.*" '^ Deitrick, Leonard."" " Glaze, Stephen F." '^ Griffen, Andrew H.f » » '= Hebel, Alfred.'' '= Holman, Jacob, i" '^ HufF, Benjamin, sergt." " " Liddick, Jeremiah.'' " Liddick, Benjamin E.* " Matchett, George.' 8 9 b 13 McKnight, John A." "s Rice, Elias." 's Btaily, Jeremiah J.' ^ b 13 Winters, Isaiah D." '» Wagner, John."" '* Died. Adams, Matthew.' Brown, George W.' * Hetrick, Amos W., 1st sergt.' » McGlaughlin, James.'' ' " Newkirk, William, corp.'' » Portyline, Silas '» = Shalto, David." * " Williamson, Peter." Eoll of company C, oommanded by First Lieutenant E, H. A. Snowwhite, formerly Captain Levi J. ffioCanley, originally commanded by Captain Elijah G. lantz. Anderson, James C.° Aures, John.* Berkheiser, Jacob." Frederick, Michael." Poerster, Frederick.* Hoffman, Edward M., sergt.' Myers, James." Owens, Charles." Elijah G. Lantz, captain. Elias Livengood, 1st heut.'' James Vanstavoren, 3d lieut.'' H. Harrison Lantz, 3d Heut." " Berkheiser, Nicholas." Bomgardner, Nicholas." Boyer, Henry." Curry, Thomas." Caripany, John." Campbell, James." Fox, Edward." Gross, William." Geesy, Henry." Hinkel, Thomas." Keefer, Daniel." Knock, Augustus P." Karstetter, Jacob." Kash, Henry." a Promoted. b Captured. c Throngh aU campaigns. d To Vet. Beserve Corps. e Disability. f Wounded in action. e To serve unexpired term, b Honorably, by Sec'y of War. i Detached. iE Killed in action. 1 By re-enlistment, v. T. 638 HISTORY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA EESEEVES. Lantz, Madison C, corp." Lynch, John.' Longnecker, Joseph B.° Miller, Eberhardt.' McCarley, James N.'' Oaks, William.' Rettner, George." Siegi'ist, John E,, sergt." Stabel, Charles.' Snyder, John.' Shutter, Allison.' Shott, WiUiam.' Wagner, John F.' Levi G. McCauly, captain." * Bentz, Daniel, musician.' Bemersderfer, Henry.' Doling, John.* Fukner, Wendling.' Rank, William H., sergt.' Shultz, Daniel.' Witman, Henry.' Weik, Ehas.' Missing in Action. E. H. A. Snowwhite, 1st lieut." » " James Cunningham, 2d lieut.' •" " Alexander, James C" '^ Bates, Alexander, sergt.' '■ " Cajmany, Cornelius, Corp.!" " Cunningham, Wm., corp.'> " Clouser, Jacob." "> Cook, Michael." " Curry, Levi." '^ Cassidy, Patrick." " Early, Benjamin P." " Eisenhauer, William.' " " Fox, John H., Corp." '^ Good, Josiah." '^ Haas, Adam T." '3 Hinkel, Jonas." " Hornberger, George." " Kesy. William." '^ KohUn, Joseph." ■" Laudis, Andrew M., corp." " Lantz, William." '^ Lantz, John C " '^ Livinger, Peter, 1st sergt.' " " " Miller, Robert." " Miller, Henry." '^ MUler, Samuel P.' " '3 MelUnger, John A." " Mankell, Charles F. A." " Peffley, Joseph.' " '^ Eadlnger, David." '^ Riegel, Daniel." '^ Ryan, Peter."'' Shepler, William," '^ Stoever, Edward." " Sherk, Milton." '^ Stark, Martin N.' " '« Strausberger, Charles." '^ Spancake, Leonard." " Trafford, Samuel B." '' Wagner, Michael, sergt." ' " ' White, William.^ " '» Weik, Thomas." '» Weik, Henry." '^ AVarner, Joseph." " Young, Jeremiah.' " " Yocum, Cyrus." '^ Young, Wilham."* Aderhold, Frederick."* Ault, Henry.' Blanksby, James.' ^ Dillman, Henry." ' Elsman, Max.*"'™'* Gensler, John.'' * Gardner, Joseph.* ' H.eagy, Peter.'' s Lorah, Henry.' Lascomb, Samuel W.^ * Miller, Heinrich.' Plaster, Jacob.'' ' Small, Benjamin P.° Uhler, Reuben D." » Wittel, John H." ' Deserted. Amdt, Jacob. Colbeck, George. Geistwhite, Abram. Hoy, James. Koch, Alexander. Selby, Edward. • 1 Dranesville. 2 Mechanicsville. 8 Gaiues' mill. * Mew Market cross roads. 6 Malvera hill. 6 Ball Hun. 7 Soatli Mountain. 8 Antietam. 9 Fredericksburg. 10 Gettysburg. 11 Bi'istoe station. 12 Mine Run. 18 Wilderness. 1* Spottsylvania C.H. 1^ North Anna. 1° Sethesda Church. MUSTER-OUT ROLL OF THE SEVENTH REGIMENT. 639 Eoll of company D, oommandoa ly Oaptam George B, Donahay, late Captain Jesse Merritt, formerly Captain H. 0. Bolinger, originally commanded by Captain 0. A, Lyman. John S. Haynes, 1st lieut.* Bisel, Amos T.' """t Brooks, James, Jr.* Butlers, William M., sergt." " Canfield, Joseph M., mTisician." Candor, Josiah." Doan, Samuel, corp.= Eckert, Michael S., Corp.* Holmes, Orange, corp.= Logue, Williard." Nagle, Joseph.* Peck, Thomas T.* Ross, John T.a Shanabrook, Frank G.* Sniiser, Jefferson.* Shuver, Wesley P.' »r™a7 BiBcharged. Bottay, Andrew." Brown, William C, corp.« • Consor, Charles W.° Cohan, John." Fource, Christ. H. Gottschall, Samuel." Hammersly, Richard, corp.' ' Hunt, James A." Halings, John." Jacobs, Henry R." Jordon, Andrew O.' Kinley, George.' Marshall, Joseph B." Murphy, Timothy J." Newberry, Richard B." Spriggle, Henry M.' Smithers, Ezekiel." Wilson, Joseph." Whitesell, Oliver." Walker, William." Whightmen, Arthur." Transferred, Cbauncey A. Lyman, captain.' Henry C. Bolinger, captain.* Jesse Merrill, captain." ' "'8"»^ ""t" WilUam W. White, 2d lieut." Becker, Henry.' Stover, John 0.,'corp.» Brown, George W.' Cogley, John A." Doyle, Daniel M.' GottschaD, James.e Hastings, James L., corp.» Harford, Michael.' Lacost, WiUiam L.' Potter, John.' "™err Ross, R. Cumings." Stout, Charles M.' » White, Albin.' Missing in Action. George B. Donahayf, captain." *> ■> Bathurst, William T., sergt." » '» Bamell, Wilson P., corp." "> " Bauer, William." 'a Bain, Alexander.' * " Crippen, Allen.' ^ '^ Clark, Uriah.' " '^ Croak, Patrick.' " " Crider, James L.' >> " Davenport, Oscar.' •> '^ Fritz, George W., 1st sergt."" " Green, Charles F.' " '» Hoom, John M., corp.""" '^ Husselton, Thomas, corp." * '' Hibber, Jacob.' " '« Jobson, Frank H., corp." '' " Kinley, Williamson.' '• ^ Logue, John T." '3 Marcellas, Frederick, sergt.'> " Marshall, Wm. F.' " '^ McGhee, Joseph.' " '^ Price, Augustus G.' '' '^ Ploutz, George M."> '^ Sheridan, James.' ^ ■'' Stone, Simon.' » '^ Shanon, John B.' " " Shell, Reuben W., sergt."" '^ Shell, Beneville, corp." " " a Promoted. b Captured. c Through all campai^s. 4 To Vet. Eeserve Corps. e Disability. f Wounded inaction. E To serve unexpired term. !> Honorably, by Sec'y of War. i Detached. fc Killed in action. ' By re-cnilstment, t, t. 640 HISTORY OF THE PENNSTLVAKIA EESERVES,' Died. • Brothers, Joseph." Brown, Andrew, Jr.' ' Costello, Clemson J., sergt." '' ' Kitchen, Abram R., sergt."" Clark, Daniel." ^ Clark, Roland.!' » Daly, Joseph.' ' Fought, Michael, Jr.* ■? Hathaway, Augustus B." ffilts, Milo F.« Leslie, Adam.'= ' Mahan, Samuel.' Holder, Robert W.' « Owens, Oscar." ' Roach, Matthew.' Rothrock, Elias W.' ' Reel, Mathias.' = Summerson, Robert." Summerson, David." Summerson, Alfredi' Winters, Thomas.' * Deserted. Crosby, Abner L. Eoll of company E, commanded by Captain W. K. HopHns, formerly Lieutenant B, P. Eendersoni originally commanded by Captain C. S. Feall, Richard P. Henderson, 2d lieut,' Allen, Samuel E., sergt." ' Armstrong, William." Conway, John." Conway, Patrick." Cheoweth, Rixton.' Donnelly, David J., 1st sorgt." Eaton, Thomas F.' ^ Edwards, Thomas." Paddus, Virginius, corp.» Haines, Charles.* Huff, David. ■» McNichoU, Bernard. West, Jacob.* Discharged. Charles L. Peall, captain. '""'8°"* William K. Hopkins, capt." "^e^ George W. Hopkins, 1st lieut. Henry A. White, 2d lieut. '"»«""* Alex. B. Sharpe, 2d lieut." "^^<^ Abbott, Thomas.' ' Clark, Peter." Forsyth, Daniel K." Fell, Terrence." Gebler, William, sergt." res'enai Howaker, Charles, sergt." " Hyneman, John K., corp." " Hall, Isaac." Hays, Leonard A." Isard, Henry C* Lippincott, Levi. Love, John," Mansfield, William." Mason, Samuel.'^ Magee, Wilham." Park, James." Speek, Henry A."" Seguine, Valerie." Stewart, James." Smith, Albert H." West, Joseph, musician.* Transferred. Charles H. Stout, 2d lieut." ' • Daily, Franklin.' Daily, Thomas H.' "^^"^ Gibson, WiUiam.' " Jones, WilMam.' artmery McCormick, David, sergt." ' PhiUips, Isaac H.' Missing in Action. Altimus, William.'' " Boyler, James.' " " Carson, Charles H., sergt."'' ' Cline, George G.' " '» Devlin, Stewart H.' " " Dougherty, John.' '' " Earles, John.' " " 1 Dranesville. * Mechanicsville. * Gaines' mill. * X{6W Market cross roads. 6 Malvern hill. « Ball Run. 1 South Moantalu. 8 Antietam. Fredericksbnrg. M Gettysburg. 11 Bristoe station. 12 inline Euu.^ 18 Wilderness. " SpottsylTania C.H. i& North Anna. 18 Bethesda Church MUSTEE-OUT ROLL OF THE SEVENTH REGIMENT. 641 Jack, James P.* " Keller, Thomas.'' " Moore, James.'' " Murray, Henry, sergt* * " Proctor, John G."" ■> Steelman, John R.'> '» Stewart, George W."" " Died. Armstrong, Francis L." Brown, Robert." Bryson, John." Lare, Henry, corp.* * » Miley, Nicholas.' » McDonald, Francis.* » McGann, John." ' Trexler, Tilghman." « Weaver, Jacob.'' Deserted. Duff, James P., norp. Hausburg, Martin. Knowles, John G. Logue, Jolm J. Lowe, John W., corp. Mellan, John J. Mellan, Patrick. Niblock, John R. Suthard, William. Suthard, Edward J. EoU of company P, commanded by Captain John Robinson, originally commanded by Captain L. B, Speecoi John Robinson, captain." James S. Robinson, 1st lieut.' " Allen, Hudson." Buckalew, Russel C." Collins, Andrew.'^ Dodson, Alexander." Dodson, Elias B." Detrick, Hiram." Faircliild, Byron.* Gregory, Oliver, corp.» ' "" Harrison, John S., sergt.* • Longworth, Joseph.* Mathews, Mervin O.* Monaghan, James.* Staub, George.* Stoner, Wilson C* Discharged. Chas. W. Garretson, 1st lieut.>^e°«* Charles A. Lane, 2d lieut.'»=e°"* Ackers, Robert." Ashworth, Mark." Bnrrowes, George H.' Bowman, Alfred B., corp." Buckalew, Oscar." Bryant, William. ' Brown, James N." Charters, George W., corp." Daily, Samuel R.' Edwards, Daniel.' Flora, Franklin.' Hagaman, Samuel H.' Hunter, Robert." Kiper, Andrew." Markle, Thomas, sergt." Montgomery, John." Porter, George W.' Phillips, Isaac H." Row, William.' Seely, Edwin C." Six, Josiah." Taylor, Solomon, corp." ' Tubbs, Hamilton." Tuttle, Charles." Thomas, John W." Westover, Jose R., corp." ' Wilcox, Daniel D., corp."" Woodworth, Almon.' Wood, Daniel." Wickheiser, John H." Wrug, Adam.' Transferred. Legrand B. Speeoe, captain." ' Daily, Franklin J.' Dunmore, John.' 1 Promoted. b Captured. ' TUioagh all campaigns. ' To Vet. Beserve Corps. • Disability. f Woanded in action. g To serve unexpired term. 1" Honorably, bySec'yof War. 41 i Detached. k Killed in action 1 By re-enUstm " Dodson, Luther S.^ >' Dodson, Evan B." '» Dinsmore, Archibald." ■> " Emmons, Alexander.' '' " Fell, JohnP.'"" Ford, Alvin H.""» Fairchild, Hansford.' " " Goodman, Daniel." " Garrison, Bowman.'' " Helf, William, sergt."" " Tubbs, Isaac B., sergt.' ■> " Harrison, Nuvel 8.'' " Hagenbaugh, Shadrach S." " Johnson, Levi.' " " Kelly, Edward.'' " Lape, William.' " " Labar, Reuben "> '' Long, Wilson, corp." * " Long, Israel P."* " Luddington, George W., corp.» ^ ■' Monroe, William R." '3 Morton, Bryant."' '^ Meillard, Lockwood F.* " Owen, Charles H.* " Ridler, Henry.' " 'a Roat, George W." '^ Smallwood, Cyclow.' ^ " Smith, Andrew C." >' Steele, Jasper." '^ Turner, James C " " Treinsue, Francis." " Torbert, John K." >3 Wilson, Reuben." '^ Bied. Albert, Henry.* « Brittain, Minor A., Corp." Carance, John W.'' ^ Daily, John." s Green, James, sergt. ■= ' Harrison, Nathan B.' Harvey, James S., sergt.'' * Holmes, George W., corp." ' HofFman, Ogden, corp.'' * Hurkly. William." " Jones, Albert, 1st sergt." ' ' Jackson, Charles D."" * Long, Samuel W.' ^ Mershon, Samuel.' ' Myers, Evan B." ' Dare, Charles. Houser, Benton L. Odell, Francis A. White, Josiah. Eoll of company G, commanded by Captaui John A. Barrett, originally commanded by Captain Jobn C. Cbapman. Bell, James.* Dager, John." Dere, Charles H., corp.' " McNight, David." Noble, James, musician." Shuts, Jolm H., musician." Shirm, Francis M.° Wilkey, Benjamin J.'' John C. Chapman, captain. William W. White, captain.* Lemuel Howell, 1st lieut. Gebrge R. Curtis, 2d lieut. John D. Adair, 2d lieut. » Bischarged. Aunot, David." Bartine, Charles P., sergt." • Bernard, Ariel, corp." " Douglass, Joseph." Firth, Thomas." 1 Dranesville. 2 Mochanlcsville. 8 Qaines' mill. * Mew Market cross 6 Malvern hill. « Bull Eun.. ' South Mountain. ^ Antietam. *• Fredericksburg. 10 Gettysburg. 11 Bristoe station, u Mine Bun. 13 Wilderness. "SpottsylvaniaC.H 1!* North Anna. 10 Bethesda Church. MT7STEE-0UT BOLL OF THE SEVENTH BEGIMENT. 6-i3 Fox, William. " French, Ferris P., corp.» Gomersall, Daniel, sergt.'« Harper, William W., 1st sergt.* ' Henry, John.'' Hickman, James. Higgins, John.= Hellmger, Martin L." Murray, Alexandria." McCoombs, William H."" McKay, Alexander." McCuUongh, James." Pierce, Henry.'' Roherts, Albert M.» Eyan, William." Simpson, John H."" Sands, Charles H." Sloan, Benjamin, Sr." Shrim, Edward." Tieman, Charles H." Ward, John." White, Henry O." Transferred. Cnthbertson, Samuel, sergt.' Dobson, Josiah.' Smith, William H.' Selby, Edward.' Wamick, Isaac' White, Simeon.' =«°"' ""i" Musing in Action. John A. Barrett, captain."" " Lewis H. Bailey, 1st lieut.»'' " Edward W. Fontain, 2d Leut." " " Burr, John B., 1st sergt. » •" '' Bell, William." 's Carr, William." '^ Collins, Thomas, 1st sergt." " " Crouse, William." '» Chadwick, Samuel.' " " Callingsford, Thomas." " Delany, Edward." 's Edgar, Wilfred H., sergt."' ■» Farren, James." ^ Green, Francis." " Haggerty, Henry K." " Hobson, Benjamin F." '» Holden, Isaac." ^ Meyers, William H." " MuUin, Luke, corp." " ' Nostet, Peter." '^ Reich, Irvin." " Saville, Lewis R., sergt."" ' Short, Francis, corp." " " Shaffer, Henry." '« Smith, Nichols." « Stiner, John C." '» Stiner, Jacob." '^ Willis, William.' " " Woodburn, Joseph." " White, Albion." '= White, Henry C." '» Yeager, Henry S." * Died. Carvin, James." Davis, Charles H., corp.* * Hinds, John H." Harpes, James D.' ' Ptttit, Thomas.' s Sloan, Christopher.' * Sloan, Benjamin J." » Stealman, Thomas." Wilcox, John H." McGuire, Henry, corp. Barnes, William H. Blown, Peter. Cain, William C, sergt. Cahill, Patrick, corp. Farley, Francis, corp. Haverland, William. Helmbold, Benjamin F. McGaughey, William. Reinford, Thomas. Slater, John. Taylor, Charles H. WUlerman, Zephrine. Soil of company H, commajided by Gaptaia S. B, Eingi originally commanded by I , tain Joseph Totten. Samuel B. King, captain.* Axe, T. Makenzie." Beatty, William." Brenemen, Joseph." » Promoted. b Captured. c Through all campaigns. * To Vet. Reserve Corps. e Disability. f Wounded in action. g To serve unexpired term t Honorably, by Sec'y of War. i Detached. fc Killed in action. 1 By re-enlistment, v. T. 644 HISTORY OF THK PENNSYLVANIA EESERXES. Cook, John W., sergt." Crome, William."" Free, George.' ' Hood, John.^ Jones, Lewis T. Kimmel, John A.' Lament, John.* ItlcCormick, Simon C* Prowell, Cortland S., coip.* Smith, Thomas D.'^ Uhler, George A., musician." Discharged. Joseph Totten, captain.' Henry J. Zinn, captain." '^p^ Samuel M. Prowell, lstlieut.» '="«""^ Jacob T. Zug, Ist lieut."^'8"'«^ Armstrong, John W., corp.« Ashenfelter, Daniel.* Buck, Adam.' Cooper, Samuel D.= Comfert, George A.' Day, Jacob P., corp." Dehinney, William H.« Dougherty, John B.' Filler, Henry.' Hoover, Abraham. Hunter, Leonidas." Irgang, John.* King, Peter J.« Laucii, Jacob.' Leib, Henry, corp.' McClure, David.' Plank, David A.' Smith, Isaac G., sergt.' Strock, William E.' ShafFner, WiUiam H.« Smith, Wilson O.' Transferred. Amot, David.' Conner, Thomas.* Dravenstadt, Albert A.' Drunbaugh, Joseph A.' Eberly, Benjamin F.' ^"S"" «»t« Fagon, John.* HaiTis, Samuel R.' Ilgenfritz, Emanuel.' Kiscadden, Luther.' Lininger, John.' Lighty, William, musician.' Pretig, Harry.' Siders, Isaiah.* Trim, Edward P.' » Missing in Action. Jacob Heffelfinger, 1st lieut.* " " Templeton B. Hurst, 3d lieut' " " Achas, Thomas J."" ^ Bryan, Gardner.*' " Blosser, Jonas.'' '* Bowen, Levi A."" " Bollinger, Abraham.'' " Cook, William H." '^ Clark, Joseph W., sergt.' " " Chapman, Joshua J.'' '* Cromleigh, Sobescus.'' " Conrad, David W.i> " Cromleigh,"Frederick.'' ^ Dunbaugh, William, corp.' •> " Eichelberger, WilMam, sergt." " " Ellis, Frank B." '» Egolf, Joseph." '3 Hess, Jacob.'' '^ Hester, Joseph J.'' '^ Heiges, George M." " Hooyer, Daniel E." '^ Hoover, Simon P.'' '* Kutz, Daniel." '» Kauffman, Abram E.' " '» Kaufflnan, George.' " '* Kreiger, Ross H." '^ Koons, Samuel.' " " Lyons, Michael." "> Martin, Jackson." " McLane, John W., 1st sergt.' ' " " Mooney, Joseph B., sergt.' " '» Noble, Armstrong, corp.' " " Palmer, George W." '* Robinson, George." '* Smith, Franklin A. Smith, Solomon." " Shaeflfer, Addison." Seabolt, George.' " Smith, David.' " '» ShaeHer, Henry.'" 's Steigleman, Isaiah." " Swisher, E. Hazen, corp." "i " Tolbert, Benjamin." " Welty, Jacob." 's Warner, Milton." " Wetherald, Henry W." " Williams, Jacob C, corp.' • " '• Wood, Jacob." '* 1 Dranesville. 6 Malvern hill. 9 Fredericksburg, la Wilderness. - Mechaniosville. • Bull Ran. lo Gettysburg. " SpottsylvauiaC.H. 8 Gaines' mill. ' South Monatain, " Bristoe station. 16 North Anna. i New Market cross loads. > Autietam. ^ Mine Boa, , u Eetkeeda Charck. MUSTER- OUT ROLL OF THE SEVENTH REGIMENT. 645 Died. George W. Comfort, 2d Ueut.« " » Anthony, John/s Barshiill, Max.'' « Bearerson, Charles.'' * Baker, Benjamin.'' » Clark, J. Richey.« Crall, Henry, f e Devlin, John.*" Hoover, Daniel M., Hess, Siicliael."> ' Corp.' Menear, Jesse.'' * Smith, George "W.'' VanfoBsen, John W." Wesley, Samuel.'' ' Desertei. Good, Samuel L. Kosier, Ell. Mountz, Jacob P. Mohler, Abner. Shroeder, William. Boll of oompaay I, oommanded by Piist-Lientenant Aaron Ziogler, formerly Captaia Josopli G. Holmes, originally commanded by Captain Jerome Myers. David B. Rainier, 2d lieut."" Geyer, Edward C., corp.» ° DiUer, John R.' i Moore, James L.' * McNally, Hemy." McCoy, James." Ritter, Henry B.= Roesler, Lawrence.' * Simmons, Patrick " Townsley, Robert." Wiessamp, John." Weideman, David." Discliarged. Jerome Myers, captain.'^'s"** Joseph G. Holmes, captain. John E. H. Marquett, 3d lieut. William Harmon, 2d lieut. Arnold, Peter.' Ash, Hany 3.' * Aikel, John G.' Burrowes, William.' Bietermau, Frantz." Bratton, James D.= Behney, Alpheus.' Bieckner, Philip K." Bonner, Michael. = Gerhart, Cornelius G." Housman, Henry C, corp.'* McGormell, Thomas." Nichols, Vincent.' Schively, William H." Stehll, John." Smith, Edward F., sergt.''' Smith, William R., sergt." Taylor, George W., corp.f* Ulmer, John." Vondrach, Oliver, musician." Weidenman, Prank.' ■< Transferred. William J. Harvey, 1st lieut." Edward p. Zinn, 1st lieut." Hen],y, John.' Karver, William.' Strohecker, Jacob T.' Wagner, Henry.' Musing in Action. Aaron Ziegler, 1st lieut." " " Anthony, William, corp." ^ '» Auberton, Aloyse."* " Broomer, Samuel.'' '^ Carlton, Crosby.' " '» Dailey, Matthew." '» Drom, John.'' ^ Fagloy, Christian, corp."* " Ford, Thomas." " Harntz, Peter S., sergt."" '» Hinor, Jeremiah.'' '^ Hoffman, Henry D." '» Haines, William J." " Hertzel, Frederick." "> Hart, John." " Kissinger, Emanuel." " Martin, Gaines P.' " " Martin, George W." ■* 2 Promoted. b Capcared. c Through all campaigns. ^ To Ve£. Beserve Corps. e Disability. f Wouuded ia action. g To serve unexpired term. Ii Honorably, by Sec'y of War. i Detached. J£ Killed in action. ' By re-enlistment, v. y. 646 HISTOET OF THE PENNSYLVANIA EESEBVBS. Millei;, Samuel, sergt."* •' Miller, Henry, corp." >• " Meek, Alfred Q.' » '» Miller, Aaran.' * " Meyers, Levi.' '' '* Mullen, James.' '' " McGonneb, Charles.'' '» Patten, William.' " '» Rush, Thomas B., 1st sergt."* ' Seamen, Peter F., corp.^» '» Schriver, David K." '» Shappel, Alfred.' " " Weikamp, William, sergt.' » '» Wenshop, Thomas P.' " '* Wenrick, Henry." '^ Bud. August, Carl.'* Becker, George." ' Bell, James." Borneman, Louis." Fey, Frederick.' ■* Hollinger, Jacob W."" * Hopkins, Edward M. G.' Osten, Ernest.' * Rothenberger, William.* * Shullenberger, Francis.' ^ Stephenson, James P.' * Vondrach, Joseph, corp.' Wise, Joseph D.'' " Westfleld, Charles, sergt.' < Harris, George W. Hughes, Johi. McAvey, Daniel. McGuiggan, Charles. Otte, Richards. Vandever, Enos G. Eoll of company K, commanded by Captain Edward P. Zinn, formerly Capteun Jamea Hi Bice, originally commanded by Captain Casper Martin. Edward P. Zinn, captain.* Alexandria, Richard." Baird, John." Bartholamew, Frederick." Birmingham, John, 1st sergt.* * Collins, John J.' ■" Davis, John W.° Dickson, William H." Derkin, Thomas." Kent, Kensey, Jr.* Kelly, Lewis." Long, Francis W. Mangor, Henry W., musician." McGonigal, John." Reece, Edward. Sparks, Henry, musician." WelUngton, John. Ward, John.* Discharged, Casper Martin, captain. James M. Rice, captain. Pred'k Shoemaker, 1st lieut.«"e*"4 Henry Meeser, 2d lieut.''"6""»i Joseph L. Wright, 2d lieut.* «='«""* Ashley, Francis." Barnard, Joseph." Bowman, Charles W.° Carr, James.'' Carroll, Joseph." Cooper, Jeremiah.' Dager, Charles." Diddlebaugh, Frederick." Essick, George L.' ^ Hera, William, corp." Huntly, Arthur." Husban, Isaiah." Heath, George W." Killyin, William." Kerrigan, William." Mayberry, David W." Mathews, WilMam H." Mifflin, Heniy, sergt." Mount, Charles C." Matsjnger, John." MiUigan, Mathew." Rankins, James L." Severeness, James." Styer, George." Timony, Michael.'' Verlander, Theodore." Transferred. Griffin, L. Baldwin, sergt.« 1 Brauesville. s Mechauicsville. . K Gaines' mill. 1 ^ew Market cross roads. 6 Malvern hill. 6 Bull Run. 7 South Mountain. e Antietam. « Fredericksburg. 10 Gettysburg. 11 Bristoe station, u Mine Kuo. ^ 18 Wilderness. 14 Spottsylvania C.H. 1& North Anna. 1° Bethesda Church. MUSTEB-OUT ROLL OF THE SEVENTH REGIMENT, 647 Hendricks, Henry W.* Keck, Christopher.* Goi'ham, Willet E.' Johnson, Frank." Missing in Action, "William Nehr, Ist lieut." ' '» John Keen, 2d lieut." i> '» Armstrong, James.''' '^ Bartholamew, Peter. •> '3 Butterfield, George H." " Chapman, Howard, sergt."" " Davis, Edward. •> '^ Elfrey, Samuel." '» Elsiman, Jacob." '^ Evans, William H.'" '^ Garman, George, corp.« >> '» Garman, William." '» Geiler, Charles." i' Hvmter, John A." " Leadbeater, James." " Mealy, Thaddeus." '» Moore, John, " >« Morris, WUliam H." '» Moody, James A., sergt.'" " McManus, William, sergt." " " McGuigan, Henry C." " Rice, Bernard." " 'Scott, John C." ■» Steltz, Witfield.' " '» Teny, Robert B." '» Templeton, Hugh.' " " Wilson, Samuel T." >» Wilson William." " Adams, Charles F." » Bartholemew, Peter F.'' * Dickerson, Benjamin, corp." Ehglish, Thomas." Grenawaldt, Rinehart.'' ' Gresinger, Frederick.'' ' Mayberry, Robert.'' » McReady, Frederick, sergt.'' ■• Speiler, William, i" « Sherry, John.* * Tubbs, Joseph.'' '« Deserted. Cummings, Thomas J., corp. Genawalt, William. Hughes, Patrick. Hattou, Thomas. King, Peter J., corp. Kile, George W. Kelly, Daniel. Mullin, James. McBride, Henry, sergt. McDonald, Alexander, 1st sergt. Quinn, Andrew. » Fromoted. b Captured. e Through all campaigns. d To Yet. Besexre Corps. e Disability. f Wounded in action. g To serve unexpired term. li Honorably, by Sec'y of War. i Detached. ^ Killed in action. 1 By re-enllBtment, t. r. 648 HISrOEY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA. EE3EEVE3. EoU of the EigMh regiment, P. E. C, commanded by Colonel Silas M, Baily, originally commanded by Colonel George S. Hays. Called into service on the 28th day of June, 1861, to serve for three years, and mustered out on the 24th day of May, 1864. (The following roUa of the Eighth, Ninth, Tenth and Eleventh regiments, P. R. C, -were made up for the author in the camps of the Eeserve^ at Bristoe station, in April, 1864, and give a complete record of the companies to that date ; in some of the companies, partial records of the campaign of May, 1864, have been added. These regiments were mustered out at Pittsburg, and copies, of the muster-out roll^ were not transmitted to the adjutant-general's office at Harrisburg.. General A. L. Russell, adjutant-general of the State of Pennsylvania, made application to the War Dopartmeat at Washington, and re4diad Baker, James." Bamett, William W." Bell, James." Barnet, William H." Brodhed, Frank.' » s* Brown, Andrew.^ Breiman, John.' " » Brocks, Henry.' Brown, Joseph." Baily, Alexander.' 2 « o Casserly, Thomas." « Campbell, Knox.' ■> " Campbell, John."" = Courson, Anderson.' ' ^^ Clark, James C ""'J 1 Dranesville. ^ Malvern hill. 9 Fredericksburg, is Wilderness. 2 Mechanicsville. ^ Bull Run. M Gettysburg. " Spottsylvauia C.H. 8 Gaines' mill. ^ South Mountain. " Bristoe station. 1* North Anna. ' New Market cross roads. 8 Antietam. 12 Mine Run. 10 Bethesda Church. MUSTER EOLL OF THE EIGHTH EEaiMENT. 6-i9 Christy, James B.^^ • CkoucIi, William.' 3 Croll, John F.' a Crumey, John C.° Davidson, Alexander J.b Davis, David.' '^^ De Haven, William S., 4th sergt." Dickey, William H.» f ^ f Douze, Jerome." ° ' Duncan, Robert B. Elgin, Daniel.' ' » " ' Elliott, Andrew J., 3d Corp.' s • <■ 'Espy, Frederick.' «"airr Fuller, B. F." 6 " 1 Fumey, Scott.' <> Gallagher, Hugh.' "•'"'■r Galbraith, George H.' »r«iii«f7 Green, John F.' < Gray, Aaron.' ^t s Hammund, John D.' ^ Henry, James G., 1st sergt." " « " Henry, Wilson. = Hine, Robert R.» ' « a i Hoss, Christopher.'' ' Heiner, John H.' * "= Hill, Daniel.' * " " Hunter, Joseph." Hustan, Thomas M.,, 2d corp." J= « -Isaacson, John P." Jack, William G., musician. » ' ° Jack, Hemy C, musician." Jordon, Joseph C Keys, John.' Keys, William. King, J. 8 King, R. W.8 Kingiesmith, George." Kreitzer, David.» Lewis, Lewis.' Leightley, George F." s Martm, V. B. Burdett.'s a Mercer, John D.e Milligan, Edward.' "'■"■''t Morris, John.'' * ' "a'»"7 Montgomery, Peter." Moore, William H.' » « Moore, Frederick F.^^ Morehead, Milton.' s " Murray, Patrick, 3d sergt.» ' » • McAfoos, George W.' ° ■»=* McCandless, Saml., 5thsergt."'8 3< McClaren, William.e McCoilin, Alexander.' '"s ™>ts f aiea McCartney, Washington." McGeary, John S." ' ^ ■""* McPherson, James.' s e s o McMasters, William. ">■> " McGrigger, Thomas J." McManus, John, 4th corp.' ■"> 9 « McWilliam, John." Nevergold, John B." Newell, James." Oakley, Richard W."* * *'"* Oswald, R.e Richards, Daniel.' ^ " Richards, Verner.' »"iii=ry Renahaw, Frank.' """y Reed, Archibald.' "«vairy Reynolds, Jefferson.' s " Ross, John W. Ross, Andrew J.' 2' Ross, William.' = " Rodgers, Aloni S.' ° Sharrow, William.' Sharer, Samuel S.s Smith, A. Wilson.'' ° Shawl, Josiah."" sa Shawl, Richard." " Shoop, John R.' * Schriangost, Philip." Smith, Valentine, i' ? Todd, Charles, 1st corp.*" Troutner, William." ' Truby, James H." Truby, Robert B.' « Wilson, Samuel."" ^ iim Weaver, Roderick.' " 2 " Wilson, A. Williams." " Winters, John M.' "fiery Wick, Henry M.">« Wagner, Simon." ■• Weaver, Benjamin F.° ' " Westwood, John.' ^ ° a Promoted. b Captnred- e Tb rongli all campaJgnB. i Traasferred to Yet. Kea. Corps. e Discharged for disability. i Detached. t Wounded in action. ^ Killed in action. s Transf. to serve unexpired term. 1 Be-enlisted, y. v. h Discharged hon'y by Sec. of War. 650 HISTORY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA EESERVES. Eoll of company B, oommanded by Captain Francis M, ITelson, originally commanded by Captain Bobeit £. Jobnson. Robert E. Johnson, capt' " • * "William M. Carter, 1st lieut.' » » k 7 George W. Park, 3d lieut.'^'8'"=^ Abbott, Henry." ' Brady, Peter P." Bertram, Cox.' ""^ Brewster, George W., 1st corp." " Bradford, Jefferson, 3d corp.» ' * Briakesin, Henry."" Bryon, John." ' Brown, James.' ' * Burns, John." Blitz, George." Cowden, William A.» " ColBtin, Austin W.' ^ 'J'"i Cluxton, Henry." Cluxton, William.""* Clark, Edwin." Cottell, William." » Cummion, Philip." ' ' Oarlees, William.' Clark, Alfred F., Jr." Ditmyer, Henry. Dodd, Samuel P.' 3" Dougherty, Edwin." " Eveison, George S.' ' Ereuzer Charles.'' ' Erankenberger, Israel K." Fritch, Francis M." " Fry, Samuel." Greishaber, Leopold.'' ° Gray, John.' 2 " Grubbs, Butler.'" » Grabbs, John.' 2 ° • Gant, Matthew."" Hannal, Robert H.'' Hatfield, George R." ' Hamilton, Alfred. Hunter, Robert.' » " ' Hoover, Joseph, 1st musician.'' Jordeu, Ephraim."'*, Kloblock, Conrad." ° Keefer, Daniel W.'» Kennedy, Alexander." ° Karr, Alexander." Kunerple, John.'' ' Libolt, William."* Landis, Samuel." Massy, Thomas.'' Miller, William, 4th coi-p." ^ » Meredith, Washington." Malone, James.' " Miller, Thomas I.'' » ' Mullen, Charles, 4th sergt. McFadden, Edward.' » McCune, Mitchell." " McGrievy, John." McGinnis, Bernard." McEnleer, James." " McCole, Neal." ' ' McClelland, Thomas.*'"* McKee, Charles W." ' McAllister, Charles.' ' McLaughlin, Matthew.' ' Nelson, Francis M., 3d Corp. • " Nelson Washington." " Nicholson, Schuyler." Noland, William K.' ' Peters, William."" - Putnam, Orlando." Patterson, John." ' , Philips, William.' " Ritchey, Samuel V.* Richardson, Charles.' Rigby, Daniel, 3d musician." ' Reed, W. R.b Reed, James. « Steele, James.'' ^ Schotf, George W.' Shipps, Joseph.'' * Stoffer, Newton." ' " Sheriden, Patrick.' Shugart, John."" Stuart, Harry A."" Stearnes, Daniel M., 1st sgt." '""■'p'"* Tracy, Michael, 3d sgt.' ' *'"* Vaughan, John, 3d sergt." Williams, John R." « " Ward, Columbus." Weaver, Flavia." , Weissing, Henry.' ^ * * Walker, Simpson.' ""t Welsh, George H.' * Wood, W. K." " Wood, James.'' ' Young, Harrison.'' ' Zunerkuhl, Henry." 1 Drane8vr.le. ~ Mechanicsville. ' Gaines* mill. ♦ Hew Market cross roads, 6 Malvern hill. 6 Ball Hnn. 7 South Mountain. 8 Antietam. 9 Fredericksburg, w Gettysburg. , 11 Bristoe station. 13 Mine Bun. is Wil derness. " SpottsylvaniaC.H. 15 North Anna. u Bethesda Chnich. MUSTER ROLL OF THE EIGHTH REGIMENT. 651 Eoll of company 0, oommanaed by Captain Josepli Frioker, formerly commcinded ty Captain Oeorge-S. Gallupe, originally by Captain George S. Hays. ■ George S. Hays, captain." George S. Gallupe, 1st lieut.' ' » Joseph Fricker, 2d lieut.' ' "«°»' <"^p^ Abel, Edward, 3d corp.« '>*' Altman, M. W.^ ^^'^ <»n» Altman, Joseph = Agerter, Christopher." ' « • Baker, Samuel.' » ° Boyer, Samuel.' * Booth, William.' ° Brooks, John.' Brooks, J. A'." s Brooks, Jef.e Beasing, William." Bradley, William." ' ""t*"^ Baker, Andrew.' ' " Baxter, W. D.' Clark, Edward." » Carney, Samuel D."=* Cameron, Jacob C." * ^ Cahoe, John.'9 = Campbell, James." " Cnlbeit, John.^ ■" « • Cooper, Joseph." ' Diebold, John A., 2d sergt." ' ' » Dorrington, John, 3d sergt." ' * " Doyle, Joseph, musician." Diebald, Joseph F."> » • D%vis, Samuel.'"'^ Ernest, G. K, 3d corp." EUiot, William B."> 3 • Floyd, John A., 1st sergt." '«'e°'* Fitzsimmons, Henry, Ist corp." ' " Frederick, Joseph.' """'^ Fritz, WiUiam A.' 2 '" Fritz, George B." » " Finly, Patrick.'"*" Fritz, George J.'^" Fritz, Jordon.™8'"<«' "°^' Haas, Philip." Haker, Charles, 4th sergt." * * Hughs, Thomas.' * Hileman, I. A " HoweU, John.' " « Harper, John.' ' " Heffley, Frank." » Hara, Reuben." James, William.' ■* " James, Thomas.' 8 James, John.' ^ '' Kintel, John.' « ° Kinney, John." Livingston, John.'^^sniara Lewis, Washington.' * Law, Alexander.' ^ ■* Magee, Peter.' ^ ^ Meadwell, J. A.e Metzgar, Conrad." Montgomery, James." Montgomery, Thomas.' ' Merrington, James.' ^ " Meigen, Henry." MaxweU, WilUam.'' ' " McClinton, Samuel H." McQuillen, James, "i ^ " MoDavid, Alexander.' s '. McLaughlin, John.' "0"^ ""ms a McDowell, John." ■• " McMichaels, Abraham.' "^t"^ ^'"' "»» Nixon, Joseph, 4th corp." ' < " Penn, William.' ' ' ""''""i «'"'"= cavaiij Penn, George.' °°""^ '•"•<* "»'»"^7 Roweu, Peter." Ramsey, R. W.' ^ " Robinson, John.' ' Stevenson, James.' ° Smith, Peter.' ^ ShaflFer, Conrad.' " » ^"« Stnibble, Hemy." * ' 7 Stronp, John.' Speer, Randolph.'" ' ^^ Strathein, John. ""« ""T" ' s aiea Shortly, Michael.' " » « South, Edward.' """"^ '•"'"' artmery Smith, George A.' " ■• " Speer, WiUiam H." Sneider, Harvy." ' Wiley, John A.' Welsh, Jacob." ' Werling, G." » " Watson, John A.' * Zull, J. W.^"^ a Promoted, b Cap'nred. c Thioagh all campaigns. d Transferred to Yet. Bes. Corps. e Discharged for disability. i Detached. . t Wounded in action. ' Killed in action. g Transf. to serve unexpired term. 1 Be- enlisted, v. r. " Discharged hon'y by Sec. of War. 652 HISTORY OF THE PENNSTLVANIA EESEEVE3. KoU of company D, oommanded by Captain Si B. Bennington, originally oonunanded by Captain Cyins L. Gonnei. Cyrus L. Conner, captain.'' " ' Adam Jacobs, Jr., 1st lieut.''^*'*' Robert Clark, Sd lieut.» ' Adams, David." Anawalt, J. M.« " Archibald, Jacob.'' * Barbom, James M.' ' Bane, William." Baily, J. C.« Brawley, C. E.' » « Bail, I. I., 3d sergt.'"«'8"«> Bennington, Sam'l B.,4th Bgt. "» Buich, J., 2d Corp."" Booth, J. F.' 8 s Baker, "William W.' "^"^ "^^ Beckley, Eugene L.' ^ " Burke, John.' " Brawley, John D.' Craft, D. L.' ='«"»' '='"t» Connelly, Peter. ^»* Calvert, E.' ^ Chess, Wesley F.' """y Campbell, Daniel." Clark, William. Clark, Jacob. Dawson, Elias H.» Dabit, F." ' Dean, William P.' 2 • i Devlin, James." Evans, James." " Evans, Fleming.* Elbert, John H.° Fenster, Thomas." PuUerten, William.' » • Giisgill, James G." Geer, JohnH.f^" Gregg, William K.' ° Garpin, H. C, musician.'' Gormly, H., 3d corp." " Hassan, James.' ' ° Hall, James." Haddock, A. S.»° Haddock, Worcester.' * ' Hill, A. F.iS'" Hazen, David. "=* Haught, Robert.' a Hoffman, W. H." Hoffman, B. A.' -""y Hughes, Jackson. Hughs, D. C.» » Jeffries, H.» ° Jacobs, James.'' ' Keeps, Solomon G., 1st sergt." * Kissingei;, J. W." Lucas, James." Lucas, William. Levitre, George W." Morgan, Edward, Jr." Miller, George W., 2d sergt." " * ' » Malone, David.'' ' Michell, William C* * Mahom, Isaac." ■* ' """^ Mentania, W.* McGee, Thomas, 4th corp." ■ " Mc Williams, Dennis.' '^^'^ Mc Williams, Daniel.'" McWilhams, William." » Ort, George.*! , Page, Charles W." » Rhyn, Randolph.' ' " Roland, James." Ryan, J." Rhyn, Henry." Rohrer, James J., musician.' ° Ritchey, W. H.' """"y Rhyn, Nicholas G.^<^ Ranen, George.'' ^ " Smith, James.'' ^ ° Strawn, Enos." Stewart, WiUiam P.' 8 " Simmons, John.' Seese, David.' 8" Shaw, J. L." " Simpson, Thomas. ' ' " Smith, William.' Swearer, John.' s " Swearingen, John H.' ' rraienea Sprowles, William.* Swearer, N. C.'^" Scott, George W.° Taylor, John F.« Trump, Philip W.' » Troth, James." . Underwood, William H.'> * Waggoner, George." Waggoner, O A." Watkins, John W.° Wigle, J. B.' °"r 1 DrauGsville. 2 MecbanicsriUe. 8 Games' mill. * ^ew Market cross roads. 6 Malvern hill. « Ball Run. 7 Soutli Mountain, s Antietam. 3 Fredericksburg. 10 Gettysburg. 11 Bristoe station. 12 Mine Run. 18 Wilderness. " Spottsylvania C.H. '6 North Anna. w Bethesda Churolj. MUSTEK EOLL OF THE EIGHTH BEGIMEJSTT. 653 Whitimore, E. F." Woodward, John." « Wilkinson, William, 1st Corp. » "4 Williams, Estep." Young, John." Young, Robert. ' ""'^ Eoll of oompamy E, oommanded by Captain •WilHam Brooks, oiiginaUy commanded by Captain £, 1. Sboenbeigei. E. P. Shoenberger, captain."^""* Jobn Tagg, 1st lieuf^s""* WiUiam Brooks, 2d lieut." " Allison, James.' * » Adams, David." ° Atkinson, Peter.' Barker, Elijah.* Byers, Daniel.'' ^ » Brown, Ephraim.' ^ o i Brown, James.' ^ o Barmuth, John.' " ' Brady, Simon.'' " » Baily, John." * s Bothwell, Charles.* Brook, George.' ' Cadwalader, Orin, 1st Corp." " ' Cochran, William H., 1st sergt." Cochrane, John, 7th corp." ' Creighton, John, 6th corp.' s s uea Crawford, Edward." ° ' Davis, Thomas H., musician." ' Denning, John.'^ Drum, Peter.' " ' Dickerhoff, Michael.' Evers, Edward.""* Esters, Albert." ' Evans, Rudolph.' " » Fitzsimmons, Peter.' ' Fiuesey, Maurice."' Gray, James A." ° Giity, Jolin.« GrindoB, William.' * Graham, Francis.' ^ ' • Gibbios, James. Harker, William.* ' Hessom, Charles H.' """'^ Hall, Henry." Hoffinan, Augustus.' Hilands, Martin, 2d corp." ' < •> » " Hand, Lawrence.' ^ Hawk, John H. Kline, PhUip M., 8th corp.' ' Keim, Turbott." Kelley, Michael.' s KeUey, John." Kimerle, John.'""* Kernan, Patrick.' ' Lewis, Thomas." Leslie, Mark.'""* Lecrana, Wilham.'' * Maddara, Perry." " Maddara, Henry.' ' Mannius, John, 5th corp.' ^ Mulvey, Patrick J." » " Moss, Charles." Moore, James.' ' *'"* McCluskey, Edward.*"* Neeley, Joseph."" Oldham, William H.' ' Powell, John, 4th sergt." ° Parker, Thomas, 5th sergt." " • Piper, John.' ""^airj- Phesant, Zachariah." Reising, Conrad." Richards, John M."" * • Reese, William." Robinson, John. Steele, John, 3d sergt." ° Sweeney, John, 3d corp." ' * • Stoner, William.'* Shinton, Thomas." Scott, John.". Spencer, James.' * " ' Simmons, Charles H.° Shaw, James.' rep""" Staub, George.' Tompkins, James T., 3d sergt." • Tracy,, Benj., 4th corp.*'=* Thompson, John."" Taylor, George." 2 ' » • Workman, John." Wagoner, John.' ' " Winkleman, William."' Warner, Charles." Zook, Charles.' '<■' ■ Promoted. b Captured. c Throagh all caitapaigns. d Transferred to Yet, Bes. Corps. e Discharged for disability. t Woauded in action. g Transf. to serve unexpired term. li Discharged hon'j by Sec. of War. i Detaf^hed. ^ Killed in action. 1 Re-enlisted, r. T. 654 HISTOET OF THE PENNSYLVASriA EESEEVES. Boll of company F, commanded by Captain Eli Eiohelbergei, originally commanded ly Captain John Eidielberger. John Eichelberger, captain.* s ' » « Ell Eichelberger, 1st lieut." » » ' is « Lewis B. Waltz, 2d lieut." » ' " Armstrong, David B., 2d sgt." ' • ° Amick, George.'' ^ " Adams, Daniel.' ° Barmond, Nathaniel.' ' Barmond, John.* Bowser, Emanuel.' ' Brombaugh, Levi.'' ' Bradley, Jatnles A.' ^ « Barber, James.'' ^ " Brown, George.'' ' ' °''™''t Bollinger, David.* ' " ' Cook, Joseph S." 3 ■■ Cleaver, James, 1st seTgt.''3f9'3«o Carnell, John, musician.'' ^ « Callahan, Jacob R., 4th sergt." ' • Capstick, James.* ' ° Davis, Isaiah M.'"'* Dasher, William H." » "» » Dean, FrankUn. f ^ ' Evans, Johnson." 3 la ua Eichelberger, William H.* ' ' s « Edwards, Hiram.^'^'' Edwards, Allison.* s ' s ' Eastright, Christian.* s o 1 1 u aied Foor, William H." 4 Foor, Samuel S.' " * » Foor, Mark W.*'"* Foster, Aaron.* ^ ' ' Figart, Henry.* a f s a'ai Grubb, Wilson.' * « = Garrett, Alexander A.* * Gamble, Robert.* ^ = Gates, James.* 3 ' a die* Garlick, Christian C, mus. *' "' Griffith, Michael. Griffith, Abel. Horton, David, 1st Corp.* »'* ""■'"' Horton, Georgfe.' ' ^ V s Heffner, George, 4th corp.* " • Holdcraft, William.'* * ' '* Headrick, David.* ' Horton, Zophar." ' Holsinger, Franklin.'' Imes, Aaron.' ' ' Jordan, Daniel.' "^^^ Juda, George.* " '* « ' Kay, William H.'""*^ Leader, George.*.' ' '^'""t Linn, Jacob B." * '' " Leicthy, Joseph.' » " "= ' Leicthy, John Q,, 3d corp.*' "s Leicthy, George.' ■■' " Manspeaker, Bartley.* 2 ' * » " Manspeaker, David." '* Malone, Charles N.' ""> Malone, William.'"^ Martin, David.' Maugh, Joseph. 3 Marshall, Henry.* '■• = Madara, Jacob." Melone John 8. McFarland, Daniel," McFarland, Joseph.' '■• » McKee, Alexander." Penrod, John B., Sr." Piper, Lewis M.* « ' ^ ^ Paul, John, 3d sergt.' ° Piper, Luther R.« b 3 f 9 died Penrod, Henry C ■^"'^ Penrod, John B., Jr.* ' ' "'^"1 Ross, Oliver P." Ritchey, William D.» * " " ' Robb, Conrad.* ' ° ' , Ritchey, Joseph." Shaw, Matthew P.* a ' t / Showalters, H.*3f*6 Smith, Charles S." ' Shoaff, Cornelius.'""^ Scutchall, David. ^"^ Shields, James." Showalters, Simon B.' "»™'^ Tobias, John B.» * » ' 9 Taylor, Thomas A.* » Tricker, George." Williams, John H.' Whisel, William.* s f 9 " Warsing, Alexander.* ' ' White, Edmund H., 2d corp. *"8' Williams, John P.' " " Young, Alexander." ' Young, Joel T.« 1 Dranesville. s MechaaicsviUe. s Gaines' mill. ^ New Market cross roads. 6 Malvern hill, 8 Bull Kun. 1 South Mountain. 6 Antietam. * Fredericksburg. 10 Gettysbvifg. ^^ Bristoe station. 12 Mine Kun. 18 Wilderness. 1* Spottsylvania C.H. '5 Worth Anna. " Bethesda Church. MUSTER BOLL OF THE EIGHTH EEGIMENT. 655 EoU of company G, commanded by Captain Heniy 0. Dawson, originaUy commanded by Captain Jesse B, Gardner. Jesse B. Gardner, captain.* Jesse B. Ramsey, 1st lieut. Henry W. Patterson, 2d lieut.' Ashcraft, J. P.' s " Ashcrafi, G. H.» » ' Axton, J. W.° Barclay, Morgan.' » Baer, E. D.' ca'^iry Bierer, John, 3d corp." • Bunting, Heniy C, musician. Brown, Thomas." Bm-nham, W.'s^"" Balsinger, J.s Booth, John T.' » ' """^ Beach, 3.^^ Bowers, Jacob.^=* Collins, John, musician. Clark, J. C.I ' = Cunningham, H." ' Cope, J. D.« Dawson, Henry C, 2d seret.' ' ' ' Doud, W. H.'s» Darnell, J. C." ' • ° Darr, D. F.' ^ ° Darby, G. W.'s De Wolf, H. C.« Drum, S.f" Eisely, C." « Eberhait, J. W."" Francis, J. L.' ^ « o Fry, Amos. 8 Gambol, J.e Grimes, J."> « Hazen, M. V. B., 3d corp." ' ^ s « Hixon, S. Housholder, D.' ' Jones, J. B.' » ° ' Jaquett, I." Jolliff, H. H.»« Kissinger, N." King, Job.* ' Kerr, Alfred.* Kendall, W. Z." ' Larke, Henry."""' Long, J. D.*^ Leithead, W. H.* » Maquilken, H. H., 1st corp." ' ^ s Mitchol, William.' » ^^ Moore, I. A." " McLane, J.» McNamee, J." s Marshall, J." Miller, M. P.« ' Myers, G." Mitchel, I. N.""' Malon, John.8 Malon, J. C.B Nesmith, William D., 4th corp ^^ Neff, A. F.f3 = Nesmith, J. H." Nesmith, J. M.'" Ogle, Levi." Peters, W. Proud, G." » Parker, P. J. Reed, A. J.« Ramsey, J. D.' Rutter, J. R.^ 6 Rutter, G. B.« ° Richey, D. Rholarid, A." ' » " Rholand, W. H." Rhodabuck, T.« Searight, William, 3d sergt." ■■"'e°«'' Stewart, John O., 4th sergt." ' « Sisler, J. Samsel, I." Sturgis, J. W.' » Sager, S.''^" Springer, T. W.* • Smith, J. Thornton, J. C." Toshey, P." ' Vaughan, L.° White, T. H." ^'^ Warwick, J. Jj'. Warman, B." Whaley, H. G.s Widdup, J.«l<:»»alrr Wilcox, S.^'f^snlani Wells, J. M." » Walker, G. W.» » Work, W. S.» ■. Promoted. b Captured. c Throngh all campaigns. d TrauBferred to Vet. Res. Corps. e Discharged for disability. { Woxmded in action. e Transf. to serve unexpired term. h Discharged hon'y by Sec. of War. i Detached. k Killed in action. 1 R6-:enlisted, v. v. 656 HISTOET OF THE PENNSYLVANIA BESEEVES. EoU of compajiy H| commanded by Captain Jamea Keatlyi originally commanded by Captain William Lemon. William Lemon, captain.' " • J. W. Hetherington, 1st lieut.'™8°<* B. B. Dunkle, 2d lieut.«*8°=* Agnew, John.o Anderson, Robert." ' Beck, Anthony H., 3d sergt.''* • Brenneman, Hugh R., 3d sergt." " Brenneman, A. M., 2d corp.' ^ ' Basuir, Calvin.' ^ = Biud, Henry W." ^ » ' Bender, Henry W." BaiT, Daniel.'' ^ Bums, Samuel R.' * Cresmair, C. R.'S" CalUhan, Harvey. '''«' Clark, Alfred.' '^'^'^ Crooks, William." Cowan, George.""' Cunningham, Robert.' ' *"* Dolby, Charles. '*'«* Dorcy, Wilson.' ^ * Davis, Andrew J." Dolby, Joseph, 4th corp.^ Fox, Jacob D.^ 3 i " 1 Furman, Wallace W.' ' ° Frazier, Philip."' Frazier, George W." ° ' Ferrie, Benjamin."' Goble, Albert I." » " Grier, James.'*" Gallaway, John ^.,4th sergt.""""" Horton,- James.' """'^ Hoover, Joseph.' ^ a cuea Hall, James.* ' " Henderson, J. W.' s « Hepinger, Wolff.' " ' Kilgore, Hugh." Keatly, James, Ist corp.' ' * Eeily, Thomas.""' Limgurer. James.' ' ' • Laughner, Nathan." ' Mannas, John." ' ^ " ' Maxwell, J. M." Myers, Stephen.' " McKibben, John.' " McNaughton, Duncan." McNamy, Daniel.' " McKendell, Hiram.'' « . Mortimer, J. R.'"*"' Moociy, Cyrus D.° ' Malony, William.' ? " Noll, Jacob.' ' 8 Noll, George."' '"' Owens, J. M." " " O'Brien, William." ' " ° Potter, George, musician.' '' Pritner, Camden.**"* Porter, Henry. *^"* Peters, John."*"^ Rankin, J. M.' " • Ross, John M." 9 • Ross, James." Stratton, S. R., 3d corp.'' Shaner, Leander, musician.' Stroup, James.' ShuU, John.' ' " Sweeney, John W.' ^ ' " Shavers, Lewis." Sipler, Wmiam A.'S" Stover, George.' ■! » 9 » • Sample, James.*"* Templeton, William." Wilson, H. B.i Whitehill, Warren." * • Walters, Daniel.""'" Wilson, Sylvester.**"* Whitman, J. R." ' " Wensel, John H.'^" Wetler, Henry, 1st sergt." " ' • Young, John. ' ^ ' 1 DranesTiUe. s MechanicsTille. " Gaines* mill, * New Market cross roads. • Malvern hill. • Bull Run. ' Soath Monntaln, B Autietam,^ ' Predericksbarg. 10 Gettysburg. 11 Bristoe station, IS Miue Run. 15 ■Wilderness. "SpottsylvaniaC.H. 16 North Anna. 18 Betbesda Churcli. MUSTER ROLL OF THE EIGHTH REGIMENT. 657 Muster-in EoU of company I, commanded ty Captain I. W. Bailey. I "W. Bailey, captain. I. Milton Kent, 1st lieut. C. L. Lucas, 2d lieut. Adams, Robert. Axton, I. M. Anderson, Samuel.^"' Bissell, A. J. Bolin, H. I., 4th sergt." Blachley, B. M., 1st sergt. Brown, A. B. Berk, John P. Bane, Asa. Bell, John. Buler, Hugh. Boon, Harry. Burk, Clark. Bailey, William. Bradley, Charles. Crow, G. G. Campbell, R. K. Conrod, David. Chapman, Silas. Capman, Joseph. Curtis, James R. Carson, J. H. Crage, Westley S. Casner, Thomas. Church, Henry. Churchill, Samuel. Caster, Charles. Cooper, C. W.'"=* Church, J. M. Dougherty, Solomon. Dums, George R. •Engle, Joseph. Egler, Henry. Estle, S. R., musician. Fetter, A. 8. Franks, Eli. Franks, William F. Fordyer, John G. Funk, John G. Franks, Jeb. Gray, Neil. Grooms, William. Grambie, I. W. Hays, John, corp.» Hagen, Benjamin. Hillen, John. Herrington, Allen. Hager, Abijah. Huston, George A. Hart, John B. Inghram, I. Lindsay.* Inghram, Clark. Kimble, James.'' Kage, John." Leonard, Porter. Lemly, Basil. Lemly, Spencer. Lawson, Elisha. Laughlin, G. W. Laughlin, Adam. Laughlin, William. Levy, Philip. Litzenburg, Alexander. Lindsay, H. H. Lucas, James. McCullough, Joseph. Morris, Richard.' **«* McClelland, Elijah. McClelland, John H. Minor, B. W. Minor, W. T. Mildred, Albert. Migert, John. Miner, I. C, 3d sergt.' Ogden, Perry. Ogden, Marion. Parkinson, J. W. PhiJan, William P. Philips, Allen. Peatt, O. S., Corp. Plants, G. W. Phillips, James. Remhart, MaliU. Riggs, Isaac. Riggs, Max will. Rinehart, W. S., corp.*«* Russell, S. R., musician. Rush, Silas. Renshaw, I. L. Rice, Alfred. Rinehart, John. Sellers, A. H., 2d sergt. Stuber, H. I. ' Seals, James. Smith, R. H. L. Summersgill, Robert. Smith, Joseph W. ■ Promoted. b Captured. c Throagh al] campaigns. d Transferred to Vet. Bea. Corps, e Discharged for disability. i Detached. t Wonnded in action. k Killed in action, g Transf. to serve unexpired term. I Be-enlisted, v. t. Ii Discharged hon'y by Sec. of War. 42 658 HISTORY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA EESEKVES. Scott, George W. Sayers, Robert. Terttle, Amos. Thomas, Nelson. Watson, William. Wood, I. A., Corp. EoU of company K, oonunanded by Captain Alexander Wiahaifc Alexander Wishart, captain.' ' "''* Samuel S. Bulford, 1st lieut.' » Thomas Foster, 2d lieut.' "e°"' '^' Anderson, Alfred W.' < ' s Butler, Dennis.* « ' ■' Hamburger, David.' » Bro-wnlee, James D."° Boardman, James L.' Brice, George W. Burk, William.' Bell, Michael. Bertts, John L. Barnett, William H.» ^ Christy, Joseph W., musician. Conley, William. , Clark, Ezekiah. Cline, Amos P." * Dye, Theodore John, corp." '3 ' « Dye, George W.^'=^ Davis, George M.' r^^"" Davis, Samuel A.° Dayly, Andrew.' Dennison, James S., sergt.' Durbin, Sylvester S.* ' Day, Daniel." Eagleson, Andrew S., corp.' ' ' " Evans, James M.' Eckles, Samuel.' ^=* Freeby, George W.^=* French, Andrew D.*' Gilmore, David.' * » Green, John William.''* Gettrens, Hugh, corp." » Griffith, John M. Henderson, Henry. Hart, William.' Hart, Alexander, 4th sergt." Harshman, Andrew. Hornish, Christian.' Herrich, Henry.' Imel, William.^'^ Kennedy, Peter, 1st sergt. Loafman, Wm." " ^oJ Luellam, H. 3.^ Link, Harrison.' ' ' Lemon, Joseph M.' ^ * » • Mallum, George.' » * ^^ Miller, George V.' Moriles, Antonio* ^ " Middleton, Wm. M.« Martin, George.' ^ Marshal, Thomas H." s Miles, William. Moore, Hugh, corp.' * • Myers, Edward A. McMillen, James D.* ^ McMillen, Robert.' se McNeil, Nelson R.' ' McVehil, James.' Mcllivaine, R. John., 3d sergt.' •• McClure, Boyle Irvine, corp." ' * " McCracken, M. S. A., corp."* McCreary, Joseph.' McFarland, M. Taylor.' ' McCreary, Peter, coip.' * » Oliver, J. Warren.' Oliver, John M., corp.' ' Orr, Francis W., musician.'' « ' Ozenbaug, Lewis E., corp.* ' s ' » Plymire, James.' ' ^ Poland, Robert M.' Ryan, Cephas A.^'* Rush, Michael.' Rush, Randolph.^''* Scoti, Robert M.' Silvey, George W., 2d sergt.' "> * Sinclair, Leander.*'"* Spriggs, James C. Sprowls, Arthur W. Steep, Thomas M., corp."' Taylor, Griffith D.'= » Thompson, Henry H. B.° Wheatley, Francis L.' "Z""" Webb, Theodore S. Wolf, John B. WUkins, George W. C.« > 1 DraDesville. 2 Mechanicsville. * Gaines' mill. * liew Market cross roads. 6 MalTem hill. • Boll Knn. 1 Sonih Mountain. B AntietajQ. 9 S*redericksbnrg. 10 Gettysburg. 11 Bristoe station. ^ Mine Ean. 13 Wilderness. i* Spottsylvania C.H. IS Korth Anna. ^'^ Bethesda Cbmcb. MUSTER ROLL OF THE NINTH EEGIMENT. 659 EoU Of the Uinth regiment, P. E, 0, commanded by Colonel Eobert Anderson, originally commanded ly Colonel gonrad F. Jackson. CaUed into service on the 28th day of June, 1861, to serve for a term of three years, and mustered out on the 12th day of May, 1864. BoU of Field and Staff Officers. Conrad P. Jackson, colonel.' * ' Robert Anderson, lieut.-col.» Jas. McK. Snodgrass, major.' "^'^ Charles Barnes, major.'"' T. B. Swearingen, adjt.' ' ' «signeii James S. Reed, adjutant.' " John F. Kirkpatrick, quarterm'r.' Robt. M. Snodgrass, quarterm'r." Joseph A. Phillips, surgeon.'" Henry F. Martin, asst. surg.» • F. O. Alleman, asst. surg."" A. M. Sigmund, asst. Surg. Frank Le Moyne, asst. surg. J. B. Pyatt, chaplain. '^'snoi J. W. McFarland, chaplain. EoU of company A, commanded ty Captain Charles W. W ston, originally oommimded by Captain L, W. Smith. L. W. Smith, captain. '^^'e™!* Chas. W. Owston, captain.' " "> Evans R. Darlington, Ist Iieut.^=* Isaac M. Sowers, 1st lieut.'' ^ » Jas. P. Beattie, 2d lieut.' ' * C. F. Hinman, 2d lieut." Allen, William." i Beal, George R." Beech, Peter H." Baker, Henry N.' * ' • Bell, Thomas. Bradshaw, Jos. F." Bailey, William K.« Becker, Jacob D. Bussing, Thos. D.' • Black, Samuel B." Beckett, John." Craig, A. McK., sergt." » Coffee, Thomas P." Copley, Jno. S."*»^ Croft, Joseph, corp.' " Copeland, Jerry, sergt.' ' Creighton, George H.' = • Coursin, Fred. H." Criswell, Wm. J.'^ Cunningham, James E.*. CoUord, Jas.' ^ " Corbua, Daniel R. Campbell, Thomas." Chess, Goodman Y. C. Chalt'ant, James." Cockrill, Chas. C. Chamberlain, H. H.» ' Croft, William M. Darlington, Edw: P., sergt. 'i"^«* Duff, Levi B., corp. Dithridge, E. D."" Dale, Richard C." Dannals, John.'saiei Darlington, Benj." Dean, George W." Drane, David. Irwin, Charles H.' i " Fleeson, Reese E. Farree, Wm. K." Forrest, Wm. E." ■""* Frethy, E. A.' « • Freyrogle, Jno. J."" Gillespie, Asa S." Glass, Will. A." Hazlett, George J."" Hamilton, Jno. P., qr. mr. sgt.' • Henry, Thomas." Howard, Hartley, 1st sergt.* ' " Hoopes, Edward J." » Hines, Patrick. Irwin, Charted H."" Irwia, Findley D.' " * ■ Promoted. b Gaptnxed. c Througli aU campaigns. d Tranjsferred to Yet. Bes. Corps. e Discharged for disability. if Woniided in action. S Transf. to serve unexpired term. Ii Discharged hon'y by Sec. of War, i Detached. b Killed in action. 1 Be-enlisted, v. T. '660 HISTOEY OF THE PEKNSYLVANIA EESEBVE3. Jones, Michael T., hosp. stew.* ' Kalbecker, Frank J.' * Kerr, Benj. B., Corp. Blnox, James W." Kirby, William B.' * King, George W.= Lautb, Jno. N. Little, Jrio. B.'» Lee, William 0. Lourimore, James M. Long, Reuben M., corp." * » Langbein, Chris-.'* Linn, Thomas D.^^ Lloyd, David, sergt.* « Lenfestey, Thos. M.° Morrison, A. P., sergt. major.'" Morrison, John.' " * ^'^ Murdoch, A. A., corp.» " Millar, Samuel A., sergt.* " Mann, George W."" . Morrison, Samuel. Morrow, Douglas. Milton, Henry. McCammon, H. A. McClurg, WUliam.' "> ^^ McCune, James H." ^ ° McBlroy, Wm. S., corp.* ' = McElavey, James." ^«* McDonald, James C. McKnight, William A. McKnight, David A.' « • Ralston, John G. Reed, James." Reed, George W. Robmson, Will. A., Jr., sergt." Robinson, George 'P.'*' Rhoads, Thomas C." Risinger, Smith, corp.** Rodgers, James M.' ^ ' Rodgers, William D."" Riddle, Jno. S.' " Rodgers, George W."" ' Ross, John A.'* • Scandarett, William." Smith, H. K." Smith, J. McD., corp.'«*«« Smith, William W.'^' Stuart, Arthur, 1st sergt.* ° Strickler, H. W., corp.* ' Spalding, Jno.° Salsbury, M. K., sergt.* • Sample, Jno. J." = Sten«magel, J. Scott, Hugh F. Smith, Alex. B." «"=« Seclor, Fred. P.'*« Scott, Charles S. Stoner, Flavins J. Taylor, Edward A.' ' '• Taggart, M. R. Torreance, E.' ' ° Thompson, T. D. Tomer, Louis B. Townsend, Chas. C* Vamer, George W.' * • White, Albert James." White, William P. Wightman, H., corp.** Wightman, Robert. Westlake, Jno." » WaUace, W. T. N., corp.** Zitzman, George." Boll of company B, commanded ty Captain Henry- Fulren, oiiginaUy commanded by - Gaptain Francis Hardtmayer. Francis Hardtmayer, capt. "s'so^^ Henry Fuhren, captain.* " Emil V. Sothen, 1st, lieut. Charles Becker, 1st lieut.*" Louis Breoht, 2d lieut.* ' * Adler, George.* Alrich, Charles, 4th sergt.' « • Appel, John M.° Becker, Elias, 3d sergt.* Bandi, JohnM."=« Batruel, Fideli' < Bauraann, Ernest.* Belvinger, George." Bleidl, Peter. Boering, Richard.' ^ • Breitlauch, Christian." Brinkmann, Gottlieb.* " Brockschmidt, August.' ^ ' ' Bi-udi, Christian." « Danner, Mathias." ' 1 DraneBville. 6 Malvern hill. > Fredericksburg, s MechaniosTille. ^ Bull Run. lo Gettysburg. . > Craines' mill, T South MooDtala. ^^ Bristoe statioa. < New Market cross roads. > Antietam. ~ u Mine Bun. IS Wilderness. " SpottsylvaniaCH. 1' North Anna. M Bethesda Church. MirSTEB ROLL OF THE NINTH REGIMENT. 661 Dietz, Charles.'* Eiffler, Greorge." ' Elffering, Daniel." Elsesser, Jacob." Epple, Plorian, 5th sergt." < Engel, John, 2d sergt." 's " Fuchs, Frederick, 2d corp.^«* Felber, George. Fischer, Adam." Fischer, John.' ' » » Fischer, Edward, 3d corp * " Frasch, George.' •> « ' 6 Ming inter a Gernet, John, musician." Gardner, Miciiael.'''"' Gecls, John.'-" Gesecus, Constantine. Haumann, August, 1st sergt.' ^ » Hartman, Francis.' " " Hassler, Christian.'^"'' Hoell, Andrew. Hoerr, John." ° Helenlinger, Christian, musician". Jacob, John, musician." Kollmann, Nichf)las, 8th corp.'< ' Kredel, Alfred, 4th sergt.' ' ' Kauffly, Martin.'' Kimpel, Christian." - Kiesel, David." Kleinmeyer, John.*" ■• " Kohl, William." KoU, Andrew.'' * Kroiss, Christian. Kuinz, Jacob." Larch, John."^'"' Lintz, Peter.' « Langbein, John, 2d sergt.' ' « Langefeld, Charles, 6th corp.' s Machalewsky, Felix.' ■• Manser, Adolph.*"™"* Marschall, Louis.' '"^ ™iiro«i Morgenstern, Henry.' * Miller, Edward.' »" Muder, August.' < Nau, Jacob.' 6" Ommerle, William. Pastre, Philip.' « • ° Peoples, Henry." Raab, George.' s " Reinehr, Andrew." • Rieger, August." Riemenschneider, Conrad.' * Rotlger, Charles.' 8 Sand, Henry.' s " Sanner, William.' «" Salomon, Frederick.' s " Schendel, Edward V., 3d sgt.' " > • Schaal, Frederick." Schafer, Conrad.' ^ Schauer, Francis.' ' ^ " Schmidt, John.' ' " Schmidt, Philipp.'S" Schreiner, Louis.' ■• Schumacker, August.' • Sende Von, Andrew.'' Siebald, Paul.'<" Trost, Frederick." ° Trost, Peter.' <. Wallbruch, Henry." Werkmann, John." Weber, John.' Werner, George.' Weitershausen, Charles."" ^ " Weiss, Peter.'* Wessel, Adolph.'' « " Winzer, Joseph." Wolf, John.* Zapringer, Engelbert.' ^ " EoU of company C, oommanded ty Captain BolieTt Taggait, originally conunanded ty Captain James T, Slianon, Robert Tasgart, captain."" James T. Shannon, captain.'^ *>"* Levi B. Richard, 1st lieut.' ^ " William S. Pettit, 1st lieut.' " " George Pierce, 1st lieut.'^'snai Henry Lehmer, 2d lieut." " John F. Kirkpatrick, 2d lt.'""='s»"' John 8. Hunter, 2d lieut " ' ^ " Anderson, J. C." Adams, Elias." Agnew, Eraatu^.' ■" Alter, Emanuel S., corp.* Beale, Joseph G., corp.'*" Bright, Adam S., corp." Barker, George.' ' ^ Beggs, Lewis." a Promoted. b- Captured. c Througii all campaigns. d Transferred to Yet. Bes. Corps. e Discharged for disability. ' Detached. f Wounded in action. k Killed in action. s Ti-ansf. to strve unexpired term. 1 Be-enlisted, y. v h Discharged hon'y by Sec. of War. 662 HISTOBT OF THE PENNSTLVANIA EESEEVES. Borland, James M.' = * Barrett, Jolin.'S" Brady, Philip." Brown, George McG.* Borland, Samuel." Cooper, William H." Coover, Jacob F. Chambers, Franklin S.= Carson, David K.'"^ Cook, Henry r).°» Cra-wford, Eobert B. Cook, Charles W.° Cox, JohnS.f* ■ Conner, Thomas." Dougherty, Johnston R.^"" Degarmo, Alvin M. Dougherty, Archibald." Dunn, Joseph C." Dunn, Jamison C. England, Samuel, 4th sergeant." " Euwer, Robert, corp.» ° Evans, A. A." Ernest, William.' ' " Fry, William G., 3d sergeant.* Faur, James.' * " Frasier, Hugh,"' » Fogle, Henry. Gardner, Thomas, corp.» Hunter, Thomas H., corp.'" • Henry, Moses B.'siJisa Haughey, Alexander.' ^ " Hart, William B." Holland, Enoch P., musician. Jones, John S.' ' Johnston, William." Kirkwood, Hugh, musician.' Karnes, Samuel D., Jr.*» Karnes, Francis.'^'* Lucas, Cassius, corp." " Logan, Flavins T.'' ^ Lehmer, William H.'S" Layton, Abraham. Lemon, Andrew M.° Mahaffey, Robert, Isl sergt.« ' ^ k 9 Mahaffey, Galbraith, 5th sergt.'" Mahaffey, William J., corporal.*' Magee, James. ■■ * Moux, Charles.' ' Morgan, William W.' < " Moore, Samuel. McQuaide, Joseph L., corp.' ' McClure, Alfred." « McClaine, Elijah S.' «'s°»i ""''" McQiiaide, John D." McElfresh, John.'^ McClintock, James.' ^ " McKee, John R." McLaughlin, Owen.' * " McLaughlin, John. McQuaide, Thomas G." Orr, Samuel." Portser, Israel 8., musician. Portser, Laban F.' « ° Robinson, R. M." Ryan, Jonathan." Rutter, Henry.'*" Reed, George H.' s « Rodgers, John 8. Btotler, Henry 8., 1st sergeant." " Snively, John S., 2d sergeant."" Snively, Joseph, corp.'' = Sloan, Samuel, corp.' s « Spence, Thomas. Swartslander, Adam.'' ' Smith, Charles H." Sloan, James W." Smith, Thomas. Scott, Alexander.' ' Shields, William. Stewart, Samuel M. Thompson, James K.' ' Thompson, William E." Varner, Jeremiah. Walker, Peter, corp.°° Walker, William." Wa"llace, Shipley H." Wilkinson, Peter." Wells, Grafton.' ""^"7 Williams, Peter." Weber, Augustus. 1 DranesTille. 2 Meclianicsville. * Gaines' mill. ^ New Market cross roads 6 Malvern Mil. « Ball Run. 7 South Mountain. 8 Antietam. 8 Fredericksburg. 10 Gettysburg. 11 Bristoe station, u Mine Run. 13 Wilderness. " SpottsylvaniaC.H. 15 Nortti .inna. 1° Bethesda Chnrch. MUSTEK EOLL OF THE NINTH " EEGIMENT. 668 EoU of company D, oommanded by lientenanl; ■William H. Forgey, originally com- manded by Captain Bobert Galway. Hobert Galway, captain.' ' «™giied' James B. Ludwick, 1st lieut.' «'« ""t" John K. Barbour, 2d lieut." ' ' " Waiiam N. Forgey, 2d lieut.» ' « Allen, Robert.^ * ° Aunks, William. f « e Adam, Samuel.'' ? Bishop, John, f 8° Brown, John." Blockinger, Peter." Clement, John W. Conner, Benjamin M., corp.» C annon. Thomas. ° Comte, Peter.* Conoby, Jacob. Davidson, James, Sr. Davidson, James, Jr." * Davidson, John L." ' Davidson, Jeremiah." ' Donaldson, James." ' Dowden, Samuel.' ^ « Emler, Simon.' « Foley, William T., corp." • Fitzpatrick, Thomas.' ' " ' Fallenstein, Henry.'' ' Farrar, John." Finicle, George W. GUlis, James H., sergt." ' " GiUis, William, corp.* ^ Genther, Henry." ^ Goedecke, Frederick." Harvey, Blchard. Hollis, Andrew J., corp." ^ ^ Helmsletter, Leopold, 1st sergt.' ' " Husted, Hosea.' Herron, John T.' " Hodgson, Edward.' ' " Johnston, Frederick.' """=7 Johnston, Robert.'* Klemm, Henry, drummer." Lewis, Frederick B., corp." Lewis, Benjamin F.' Lindsay, William. '" Jjong, Robert B.' "™«^ Lynch, James.' ^ " Lynch, William." Lcppig, John, bugler." j\lechling, John H., sergt.* * Murphy, William. Mundell, Thomas B." < Marsh, Hiram." ' Miller, August.'"*" Moter, George.'" Melvin, WilUam."" Mollwain, Oliver S., 1st sgt.' ' ' ™ McLees, James N." ' McShane, John, sergt.' ' ? McLees, John.' McLaughlin, Michael." McMaster, Joshua.'" McMichael, Samuel,' MoCormick, William F.'' s McLafferty, Keal, coip.« McDonald, George.'*" Nightengale, John, corp."" Nolder, William, musician." O'Leary, Jeremiah.' * Oberthur, William.'" Pearsol, Francis B., sergt.' '* Fatten, Cadwallader^.'" Reed, William." ' Raymond, John.'" Rosenberger, Joshua, teamster." Sears, Uz. H., sergt." Shearer, William.' Smeltz, August, sergt." " " Shuster, John W."'*" Sharp, Leonard.' * * Staude, Valentine.' * " Shrecondgast, Alexander." Taylor, John D., corp." " » Trautman, John.' ^ ^^ Wilson, Wilham C « Weidner, Francis M. Weaver, William. Wessel, Ernest. Weigel, John." Taeger, Albert." ' Young, John E., sergt." Young, William A., sergt." '' ' » Promoted. t Captured. c Throagh aU campaigns. d transferred to Vet. Ros. Corps. e Discharged for disabilitj. f Wonnded in action. E Transf. to serve unexpired term. b Discharged hon'y hj Sec. of War. i Detached. fc Killed in action. 1 Be-enlisted, v. v. 664 HI6T0EY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA EESEEVES. Eoll of company E, commanded by Captain James W. Ballantine, formerly commanded by Captain 'William W. Ervin, originally by Captain Charles Barnes. Charles Barnes, major.* ' < « » " William W. Krvin, captain." ■= James W. Ballantine, captain." ' William H. Hope, 1st It.' s i ^'^^ James W. AberneLby, 1st It.o " ' ^ John S. HoUingsbead, 2d lieut." ■= Aston, David, corp.'' * Aston, Joseph.' ^ " Anderson, James.'* Alton, Joseph." Ainsworth, George.'*" Boggs, George W., sergt." Bassett, Samuel J.'' ^ Blundon, John." Bond, Thomas B." Boyd, Alexander." Britch, Henry A.">* Biogan, Edward." Bunn, Richard.' ""y Beatty, Wilham P.° Baker, Henry, sergt." " Bruhaker, William.' «"""J- Bargesser, Walker.'* Beatty, Henry;" ^ Butler, AIexander.8 Camby, William." Carnaban, James." Clark, Bobert S., musician." Croxton, David H. Croxton, Harris T. Camahan, Jerome.'' ' Clark, George W.s Dougherty, Daniel. Davis, Robert E., 4th ^ergt. Davis, James W. Davis, Hezekiah."" Davis, Jacob."" ^ Davis, David D.'' ^ Dillon, Luke." Dever, Francis.'' ' England, WlUiata.'s England, James." Evens, William." Eggleso n, John.' ^ Fisher, William H., corp." Forster, John.' * Fuller, John." Fox, Josiah. Freel, James, sergt." ° Grounds, Samuel, musician." ' Graham, William," Graver, John, corp." Grounds, Joseph.'" * Glasgow, George." Hindes, Joseph." Harvey, James A.^"^ Hays, Peter.' ' Hannah, Thomas." Hepline, John.' * " Hughes, Thomas E."* * Hopkins, Thomas C." Halloran, Michael." Humphreys, William. Hopkins, John.'' * Hughes, James W.'' ■• ? Jenkias, Abraham.' 2 o Jones, David Ln"" ^ Little, Isaac." ^ Little, William.'*" Monshaur, Charles B., sergt."* Morris. James L.^'^ Mc Cull en, Thomas." * McDonald, Wesley." McClelland, Thomas.' » Marlatt, George W.' '^ " Morgan, John." McGuire, Joseph. McGrnley, John." Nelson, David.'* Nelson, Thomas." Nesbitt, William.' 3" Norris, Thomas L ° Needs, Jacob." Needs, Allred." * Patterson, Columbus, corp."" Phillips, Patrick.'?" Russell, John." Russell, William L. Reed, .John." Rafter, Patrick.' ' Rafter, John. Richey, John." ' Rubincan, Joseph H.° Rose, William H.°' Riley, John O." Riley, Michael.^'"* 1 Dranesville. 2 MechanicsviUe. s Gaines' mill. * New Market cross roads,' B Malvern hill. 6 Bull RUQ. 7 South Mouutaiu. s Antietam. ^ Fredericksburg. 10 Gettysburg. 11 Bristoe station. IS Mine fiun. IS Wilderness. "SpottsylvaniaC.H. 15 North Anna, , w Bethesda Charoh. MUSTER EOLL OF THE NINTH EEQIMENT. Rodgers, Hugh.'' Snyder, George H." ' Shields, Robert "^ * Sweeney, John." Shinefelt, Samuel.' Stewart, Silas "W.f7 = Shorthill, Matthew G. Smith, Peter F., corp.» Sexton, John." ' Scott, Josiah.'^^ Thompson, William, corp.' Thompson, John.!" '' Welsh, Thomas, 1st sergt." White, Ralph, corp.' ' " EoUof F, oommaiided by Lieutenant Samnel H, Qnail, originally commanded by Captain Samnel B. Dick. Samuel B. Dick, captain.' ' f^rosa George H. Bemus, 1st lieut.'''^'3°'^ T. Ruston Kennedy, 2d lieut.' Samuel H. Quail, Sd lieut." ' a Allen, William F.' '""^17 Auten, Joseph L.« Baker, Cosmo W.'*« Bingham, Lewis.' ^ " Burnes, James.' Birch, Francis S.' "«""r Bartholomew, Rodolphus.' Bartholomew, Lorenzo.' s- Bloomfield, Lewis." Barnes, Samuel."** Bond, William.'* Caral, Andrew C, sergt."* Curtiz, Fayette H., 5th sergt." ■• Crick, Solomon H., 5th corp. Cooper, Alfred J., drummer." Chapman, Henry." s' Carter, Edward A." * > Cable, Jesse.' *"=»™"y Cline, David." "s Conrad, Jacob. *'"^ Detwiler, William." Dunbar, Henry T., corp."> * Denis, James O.' Davison, Garett, corp." Davison, James.'""' Ecloff, Alfred-i-i'so- Frazier, Joseph. « Floyd, Wilson.' " ' """^ Furk, J. Edw., 3d corp.' ' ^>^ Gilmore, Adam C, chf. mus." ' * " Grimes, William H., corp." " » Gibson, James R., sergt.» ' ^ ■» Gallagher, Wm. J.'^ Guy, Frederick.' """"^ Gehr, Charles H. Glen, Jacob." Gilmore, H. H., corp." '< « Hamilton, James, 1st sergt." • Hastings, William, 2d serg):." Hindman, Thomas.' ■> " Henderson, J. Frank.' ■»" Horsack, George N." ° Horsack, James R. Hatch, John."" Hamilton, Jefferson H.'" Hill, Peter." * Hope, Samuel:''* Hanley, Francis.' s e Hyskell, J. Fletcher. Honeywell, Geojge.' ""'^ Haas, Daniel. Housel, William P., corp." Jones, David M." ^ Josliu, William F." « Kirkpatrick, David.' Kightlinger, Samuel A. Litchfield, De Forrest M.' " < • Levins, John.'^ " Lamb, William W." Long, William J. Lang, Peter." Miller, John fi., sergt." "• Mead, Levant.' ""'■""r Mead, Lovett A.'se Maxwell, James." Murphy, John.^"* Miller, Charles W."" Miller, T. Clarke, sergt."" Moore, Adam. Moyer, Jonathan C." Millison, William.' ' ° McAneny, William, corp."" McLelland, Alexander.' e a McQuowan, Albert D. McPherson, Hiram A." ' McCumber, George.' """'"t a Promoted. b Captured. c Throagh aLl campaigns. d Transferred to Vet. Kes. Corps. e Discharged for disability. f Wounded in action, g Transf. to serve unexpired term. h Discharged hon'y by See. of War. i Detached. " Killed in action, i He-enlisted, v. v. 666 HISTOEY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA RESERVES. MeCormick, David B.^^ McKee, James.'"'^ McGill, William J., sergt.' ' » ° ■= McCutcheon, Wm. R., sergt.' °^^ Nice, William, 8tli corp.' ^"^^^ ' ' ' Osborn, Edgar S., 6tlicorp.'> Painter, Ashford. Painter, Linus. Quail, Richard H., 1st sergt.' ' '' Quail, William.' ^ ■= Reynolds, Joshua T., 4th sergt." "= ' Rust, Edward. Robinson, Joseph, corp." ' Snyder, Charles, 3d sergt.» ' ' ' Stoopz,.D. Hastings, 2d coqi.» '^ * Sergeant, William.^ Steel, Lewis.' « " ' Stebbing, Frederick W. Seymour, Wallace. *■ ^ Stark, Thomas." " Stockdale, Joseph H." ■ Stockdale, T. Clark, corp." Sherman, Charles.^ Smiley, David.' s'*»> ' Schreckengost, Samuel, sergt.' " * Travis, C. Gaston.' '""»"7 Turner, Alfred.'' < Wickham^ John, 4th corp.' ■• • Wyand, Simeon.''^ Wood, Henry.' Wagoner, William.' »rtm»-r Woodcock, Aim on. Young, Samuel, corp." Boll of company Q-, oommajided liy Captain Edmnnd W. Bossell, oiiginally commanded by Captain Conrad F, Jackson. Conrad P. Jackson, brig, gen." ' ' John B. Brookbank, captain." '^''^ F. Bi-ent Swearengen, captain."' Edmund H. Russell, capt." ' "s ™i» William C. Hunter, 1st lieut." James G. Read, 1st lieut." ' Alexander McCord, 2d lieut." * ^ Samuel Johnston, 2d lieut." ^ ■ Altiman, William. Anderson, William R.' =="'"'^ Anderson, Robert."" ■• Armstrong, Wm. L., corp."*'=^ Barry, James P.' "« ™'t« Blood, David F., sergt." ■= Bolinger, George W.-, corp." Barnett, Henry B.° Bolt, Lewis.'' Bnwen, John S.° Bizell, George.'' ^ Burke, Cyrus.' '="''""7 Blacksmith, Andrew.' "="''"'^ Bowen, Charles T.' 3 = Copeland, Mortimer." Chambers, William W." ' Clark, James R." Cheney, William.^ Chaffer, Charles, corp." ' s e Ceney, Charles." Crawford, Andrew. Deviney, Michael." Dunlap, Thomas." Dunn, William J., sergt." '^ Doerner, William. Eccles, Adam.", Fitzsimqions, Nelson P." ^ Gift, George W." Hall, John S." Heimers, Heniy.' ^ " Howenstine, George W.' "■'"^ Hyde, David V.' Hackett, William.* « Hughey, Michael. " Horner, Simon." Jeffery, WiUiam W.« Kells, Robert H.' 3 e King, William H." King, George R." Ledabur, Wm. Henry, corp." Lawbach, Tilghman." Lew-is, Mathew.^'* Loy, Samuel. Lowanthal, Samuel." Maguire, Samuel C." Mangan, Andrew, sergt." ° Malone, John J., corp." " ' "^e "«t>» Miller, Christian.' < " Miller, John H.' a Montgomery, Thos., mus'n.' ""'"It McCune, Benj. F., corp." ' ^ " McFarland, John, corp." ' * * 1 Dranesville. •^ MechauicsvUlo. 3 Games' mill. * ^ ^ew Market cross roads. 5 Malvern hill, 8 Ball Kun. 7 South Mountain. B Antietam. 9 Fredericksburg. 10 Gettysburg. 1^ Bristoe station. IS Mine Bun. ^3 Wilderness. I* Siiottsylvania C.H. i» Noitb Anna. 1° Beiiiesda Churoh. MUSTER BOLL OF THE NINTH EEGIMENT. 667 McMunn, Isaac IT., 1st sgt McKinney, Francis. McFeely, Samuel R.s Nigengert, William, "r Nichelson, James. *«* Kichelson, Wm. H." Orth, Adam, fa Osgood, Augustus A.» Pershing, John H.° Pershing, Joseph." Porter, John S." ^ Preston, Williston, corp,« « Eeid, Thomas C.^'^ Reignor, George W. Rice, Caleb. Ritchie, Samuel, corp^" " Rotharmel, Peter.' s did Rowan, John 0." Smith, Frank M.s Seaton, Mathew A., Corp." ' ."»s'» Seaton, Joseph C.° Sickels, Osmaa T.° ' Simpson, George W.'*" Sheffler, Israel T., musician." Sommervillc, Wm. Scriba, Henry." Shidle, James E." ''e°»' ""t" Smith, John F., 1st sergt.^ « Smith, Alfred B.= Sprague, John H." Stevens, James P.' '^'"^ Torrance, William C, serfft.»» Vail, Chafles H.= Vickeroth, John.''*' * Wilson, William W.'" * Winter, John G.'''*'^'''"^ Wilson, James, corp." ' Wise, George B.' "''"It White, George W.°' Whery, John, teamster. ^"^ Zeigler, John." * EoU of company H, oommandea ly Captain Jacob S. 'Wiiians, originally commanded by Captain John Gntlibieitson, Jacob S. Winans, captain." ' C. K. Chamberlin, 1st lieut." " " David R. Hawkms, 3d lient.»" Ashton, William, sergt." ' ' Ackleson, MitcheU.' ^ o Allison, James. Blanchard, Henry W., sergt.'f s o Brood, William, corp." Butler, Joseph." Bennett, WiUiam.' Blottner, Christian." Burke, WiUiam." Corbus, Jesse M., sergt." Cuthbertson, Joseph, corp." ° Crawford, James C." Conkle, George. Dorien,. Edward, corp." "■ • Funkhauser, Madison." Fowler, William." , Gardiner, Jeremiah. Gloss, John F. Hays, Henry. HunneU, David." King, Jonathan M^" Kerker, Lorenzo C.'^" Lloyd, Joseph. Low, James R'." Leslie, William.' ^ Marshall, Thomas, sergt." " Mitchell, John, sergt." Musser, Jacob J. Masten, William M." McCamish, Prussia. McFerran, Milton L. Palmer, Henry."" '2 Parris, William." Rose, Marcus C., corp. Reinhard, Charles." Robeson, James C." Reddy, Lewis. Ramsey, Robert. Showwalter, Stanley." " Sweeney, WiUiam. Thompson, WUliam C, corp."'< Todd, Cornelius J. • Vanlier, Joseph." Vaneman, Scott. White, Isaiah. Zeigler, Isaac' ' " Discharged. John Cuthbertson, capt.'* '«'e""« John F. Price, 1st lieut."^?""* a Promoted. b Captured. c Through all campaigns, * To' Vet. Beserve Corps. e Disability; f Wounded in action. B To serve unexpired term. h Honorably, by Sec'y of War. 1 Detached. k Killed in action. 1 Bj -re-eniietment, v. 668 HISTORY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA EESERVES. Andrew, James B., corp.'^" Davia-, Edward K.'^' Diamond, Thomas. = Early, Henry C'" Fleming, Robert.' Pulton, Matthew H., corp.'^ « Ilouk, Lew T.= Kesker, William." Kelso, George.''' " King, William I^., corp.* Lardin, William M..' Martin, George F." Nye, Tobias.' * ' Osburn, Edward.' ' Price, John P. Richards, Samuel D." Smith, John W. D.= Smith, George E., corp.' ' ^ • Townsend, Alfred.' « "" Veon, Samuel.' * = Vangorder, Alexander." Welsh, Archibald.' 3 » Transferred. Craig, Walter G.e Campbell, Irvin, corp." ° « Deviney, Joseph M.' "'"^ Dumm, Lester.' """^ Eberhart, Andrew E.s Pairman, Robert.' """? Pucliger, John.e Hobaugh, Joseph V.' * * Hawk, John B.s Lloyd, Henry." * Lytle, Robert S.e Marquis, Robert S.^ McLain, Samuel.' « O'Neil, John."' Reed, William L."* Reed, James C.e Stancan, John J.e Thainer, Daniel P.« Wright, James.e Died. Butler, John B.' ^ Brood, Moses." ">" """«"« Beatty, Walter L.' ^ Fleming, William C, corp.< Gallagher, James W." ' Laing, John.'" ^ Lemon, Robert W.' ^ Loporte, Leonidas."" ' Murphy, John.'' ■> ' Matheney, Edward.' » McLain, Andrew.'' ^ Newell, Silas B.' • Ness, Robert." Price, George A.'' ' VanJier, Dennis.'' ^ Waters, Alexander.' Webb, Francis." Wragg, Francis.'' ^ Deserted. Conkle, Thomas. Din\^iddie, James L. Toms, Samuel. Boll of company I, commajided by Captain Hartley Howoid, originally oommandel by Captain 'Williani Lynch. Hartley Howarcl, captain.' ' Henry Spratt, 2d lieut.' " Arnold, John." ^ " Arthur, William." Collins, Hugh, corp.' " Crawford, William H. Campbell, Jacob." Ferguson, James." Herrington, William. Kirkman, Thomas.' ' Kuntz, John S., corp." "> '' Lynch, William H. H., sergt.' " Leezer, George, corp.' ' ■• Lupe, Edward;" Munis, Oliver B., corp.' ° McCloskey, John A." McGlaughlin, H. L." 2 ' » ° Memman, Daniel. Morgan, John Q." Morgan, Frank L. Neil, Joseph. Rief, WiUiam." " Robinson, Robert. Robinson, Andrew. 1 Dranesville. 2 Mecbaaicsville. 3 Gaiaes' mill. * H&w Market croBS roads. I* Malvern hill. » BuU Eun. 7 South Mountaiu. 3 Antietam. s Fredericksburg. 10 Gettysburg. 11 Bristoe station. 12 Mine Eun. 13 Wilderness. 1* Spottsylvania C. H. IB North Anna. 16 Bethesda Churph. MPSTER BOLL OP THE NIKTH REGIMENT. 669 Robeson, John. " Stever, Charles, sergeant." Sevena, Jacob H., corp." f, * " Snyder, Lewis, corp.« Schoeller, Frederick J. Soles, George.' » " Tassolt, William, sergeant." i" « Tawney, John, corp." = Taylor, Charle^ E., corp." ' 9 o Trich, William.''' 6 c Williken, Edward, sergeant." Welsh, Garrett, sergeant." ' ^ o Woods, James W." Whitsell, Seth W." ' ' Wy, Charles W.» SiscTiarged. William Lynch, captain. "»'«"«' J. C. Walkinshow, 1st lieut." Charles H. Snyder, 1st lieut." « Edward W. Monck, 1st lieut. Bean, Robert.^ Bouman, Frederick.' regnim Bittman, John.« Burt, Thomas." ^ ' s e Baker, John.''' ' Cusner, Abraham." Carnahun, Thomas, coip."'*" Dougherty, Joseph.^ Graham, James H.« Huneker, Henry, corp.« Hunell, John.' Henshold, John." Jenkins, James.' ''«s°'"" Knabb, Albert." Lnverty, James." McClure, James, sergeant." " Milby, Robert.' "«"'"" Milliken, Samuel H.' * ' >'"e"'»™ MOler, John M. Monck, Edward, sergeant." Oyler, Isaac." Quigley, John. Sexton, David. Shearer, William E." Spougle, George. Stewart, Henry, corp." ' » o Sheppard, Joseph.' resuism Shane, John." Shearer, George, Sr." Sprott, Henry, sergeant. Taylor, Robert N.' '■"s"i"" Taylor, George W.''"*'^"" Teyte, William.' "Biiara Tawney, William." Tawney, Jennings."" * " Webber, John H.' ' " Young, Charles B.' '' 8 1 raguiara Young, William F."" 2 " Transferred. Bighley, John.*" '^U" r^immt Cole, George W." '2"' regiment Hickman, Israel 1.*° '^'n regioiont Kunkle, Jacob."" * " '° 12"" regiment Robinson, WiUiam H.*" "»'> regiment Died. Gustavus A. Wenke, 3d lieut." » « Baker, Samuel D." ■? Bain, Joshua.' ^ p'"'"' Cuyder, William.' <"' »'"'"« Groshaim, Daniel P.' « Hodgeman, Thomas." Lynch, John.' * " Milligan, George.* ^ Nicholaus, Charles, sergeant." * • Reiff, Jacob.' 8 Reed, Robert.' 2 Sneeden, James.' ' Smith, William.' * Shearer, George, Jr.' • SchoeUs, John.' « Upton, George.' ""'y * Deserted. Mahoney, William. I Trovers, Williams. a Promoted. b Captured. c Through all campaigus. * To. Vet. Beserre Corps. • Disability. f Wounded in action. g To serve unexpired term. h Honorably, by Sec'y of War, i Detached. ' Killed in action. ' By re-enlistment, t. t 670 HISTORY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA EE3ERYE3. Eoll of company E, commaEdedby Captain James W. Ballantine, originally •commanded by Captain H, S. Fleming. H. S. Fleming, captain. '=»'e»«* James W. Ballantine, captain.^'S" Kicli'd McDonough, 1st lieut.-^'s^ James McVlckfer, 1st lieut." " John Wills, 2d lieut.^'siea John S. Hunter, 3d lieut." ' Balmer, John.= Biggane, Joseph. *> * Brown, Henry, corp.° * * Barton, Philander.' ""'^ Bush, Jonathan. Brown, Charles. = Bailey, Joshua. Bamett, John." ' Burkhart, Baxter. *=* Ballantine, George W., 1st sergt." Campbell, Joseph.' Campbell, Robert.* Crawford, Robert.* Casey, William." Chess, John." ' Caldwell, Alexander." Caldwell, Joseph. Cochenaur, Jacob.'' ' Crawford, John.'* " Chevalier, John, corp.' ' Chess, John A.'' " DouthiU, John W.'3« Dill, Francis." * Dawson, Joseph S."" ^ Dickson, W. S.' s di«i Eliott, James.' ■' Ensign, Austin.'"""'^ Foster, William Z., sergt. Funk, Wendelin.' ^ ^^ ■ Flanegan, Frank C, corp." Grenet,' Samuel. 'i * . Grubbs, William, sergt.' Golmer, F. W.' « • Gallentine, Wesley." ' '^"'^ Gemmell, Francis."- Gordon, Joseph.* ^ Haslett, Alexander, corp.» Hauk, Roman.* HiUstem, Albert, sergt." * ^ » Heckert, John, sergt.' ""'""r Hood, Thomas.' «"^»"y Haslett, George.' Haslett, James.' Israel, Joseph." Jackson, James." Jones, Rees.' ' " Kennell, Anthony.'*" Kieler, John." Kennedy, Albert.' ■• • Kennedy, John. Kurtz, Sylvanus." Kingsland, John.' ^ Lehman, John G." * Lynch, Ambrose. Logan, William.' ^ " Mullen, Jacob C." Martin, John." Martin, William.'' ■" Masha, Gottlieb, corp.* McKain, James K." McCall, Richard.* » McAree, Edward."* Mathews, WiUiam." Marsh, Samuel." Morris, Charles.'""* Morris, Cameron." Mullen, Richard." » McClellan, Joseph.' ""^t Olbert, Jacob." Porter, Andrew." Palmer, Joseph." Pounds, Payne. Pounds, William. Robinson, Alexander." ' * * Roselip, William.*'"* Reed, Thomas." Eeedman, Henry." Sprague, William, sergt. Sprinkle, Calvin. Stuckrath, John." * " Seaberry, William. Singleton, Levins." Shaner, Rush M., corp." " Surgeon, Sylvester.' ^ " Shaw, Joseph.' •* " Shaw, Andrew.'' < Sloan, William." Trout, PhiUp." 3 W'eek, WilUam. Woods, Matthew. Wilt, Baltshazer.' s " White, Michael.' « " Williams, William."' Zents, Philip." 1 Dranesville. 2 MechanlcsTille. s GaineB' mill. * Hew Market cross loads. 6 Malvern hill. « Bull Run. 7 South Mountain, s Antletam. " Fredepicksburg. '0 Gettysburg. 11 Brlstoe station, li Mine Bun. 18 Wilderness. n SpottsylvaniaC.H. 15 North Anna. IS Beihesda Church. MUSTER EOLL OF THE TENTH EEOIMENT. 671 Muster-out EoU of the Tenth regiment, P. E. C, commanded by Lieu- tenant-Oolonel Ira Ayer, Jr., formerly commanded by Colonels A. J. Warner and J. T. Kirk, originaUy commanded by Oolonel Jolm S. McOalitiont. Called into service on the 30ih day of June, 1861, to serve for three years, and mustered out on tfie Uth day of June, 1864. EoU of Field and Staff OfSoers. Ira Ayer, Jr., lieut.-col.» ' s 13 o C. Miller Over, major." " William R. Shippen, 1st. It., q. mr.» Benjamin Eohrer, surgeon." ° Benjamin Barr, asst. surg. John F. McLaren, chaplain. Geo. W. McCracken, 1st It., adj." " George Ross, sergt. major." ° Joseph W. Russell, com. sergt." Josiah R. Chambers, prin. mus." " John S. McCalmont, colonel. James T. Kirk, lieut.-col." Harrison, AUen, major. Adoniram J. Warner, colonel." " Sion B. Smith, 1st lieut. and adjt." James B. Knox, major." Latshaw McGuyer, chaplain. Discharged. Oscar D. Madge, sergt. major. James Fawcett, qu. mr. sergt. William Austin, prin. mus."" Transferred. George Norris, 1st lieut. and q. m.» David McKinney, asst. surg." Virgil Elder, qu. mr. sergt." ' James R. Patton, hosp. steward." James K. P. Beighley, prin. mus." ' Wash. L. Atlee, hosp. steward." ■ Died. Oswaldt H. Gaither, 1st It., adj." ' < Eugene N. Petrie, prin. mus. Soil of company A, commanded by Captain Jolm C, Q-aither, formerly commanded by Captains James S. Einchman and Ghanncey F. Mitcbell, oiiginally by Captain Bobert F. Cnmmins. John C. Gaither, 1st lieut." ' ' « James M. Marshall, 3d lieut." ^ * Ash, Alfred. Beam, Mescheck, corp.° Barrett, James W. A."" * Benford, Fletcher. Benford, James, corp." Bricker, John G., corp." Cook, Solomon. Coleman, Ephraim.' ' " Custer, Richard." * ' » Camp, Daniel.'' ' Cobaugh, John E. Crichfield, Henry. Cable, William. Dively, Charles. Faidley, Elijah P. Frank, Henry J. Glenn, Wellington." Hicks, Wilson C. Hoyle, John. Hinchmau, Charles M.* • Hershberger, John." Huston, Alexander H." ° a Promoted. b Captured. c Thxoagh aU campaigns. d To Vet. Seeerre Corps, e Disability. f Wounded in action. B To serve nnexpiTed term. h Honorably, by Sec'y of War. i Detached. ^ Killed in action. 1 By re-enlistment, v. T. 672 HISTORY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA RESERVES. Homer, Franklin. Humbert, Joseph D. Houpt, WiUiam F.^ Keslar, George A., corp. Kuhn, Henry H., sergt.f ' ° Koontz, Alexander, sergt." Kidner, Henry." Landis, Rufus C, sergt. Lenhart, Solomon A." ° Laughton, R. B," « " Mathias, JolinP."" Miller, Joseph." Moore, Oliver.' » Metzler, Jacob. McAdams, Francis M.' ' » Nedrow, Alexander." Penrod, Harrison H." Pile, Samuel R., corp.* ' " Pile, George.' " " Phillippi, Francis, sergt.'' » ' « » ° Pearl, Peter. ■Ridinger, John A." Rhoads, Franklin H. Richmire, Joshua B. Rock, Hezekiah. Scott, David C, sergt.' ' " Shaulis, Levi, corp." Saylor, Samuel. Say lor, Alexander." Saylor, Josiah. Shockey, Jairus R." " Stoner, WiUiam C ^ Slater, Henry W. Shaffer, Jeremiah.' ' Smith, L. A." Smith, William H.° Snechenberger, John M."" ' Sumstine, Jacob. Stem, Alexander. Stewart, Thomas. Seese, Samuel, corp."" » ° Tayman, George H." Walker, Franklin R.° Walker, Samuel." Wiltrot, Jacob, corp." Robert P. Cummins, captain. Chauncey F. Mitchell, captain." Cyrus Elder, 3d lieut.» DiscTiarged. Austin, William, musician.'' Auman, Hugh.'™ p'"""' Boyd, Chauncy F. F.' ' Baldwin, David." Cooper, Benjamin F.' ^ Custer, John." Cunningham, Herman G., sergt." Davis, Wesley W." * ' « Floto, August, sergt.' ' Gaither, Charles, corp.' « Huston, Chauncy.' "i * Huston, William P., corp.'< Knee, Daniel S.' * Kimmel, Wm. H." Kurtz, Simon." McKinley, Henry C." Pearson, Samuel P., corp." Pugh, John." Shultz, Alexander." Wagoner, WiUiam." Winter, Adolph, 3d sergt." '' WeUer, Herman G, 3d sergt." ■■ Yutzy, Jeremiah." Transferred. Elder, Virgil." Garletts, Wm. H." ' * Gunder, John.' ' ^ Ramage, Wm. E.' » * Yoder,. Tobias.' " ^ Died. James S. Hinohman, captain." * • George S. Knee, 1st lieut." ' ' AUison, Robert H.'= » Bence, John.'' " Bricker, George W." Berkey, Christian.' ^ Casebur, Jacob.' ' Conrad, WiUiam E.* = Countryman, Ephraim.* ' Durst, Dennis.'* Gaither, Oswald H., 4th aergt." '* < Glotfelty, Urbanus.' ' Heckert, Benjamin F.* ^ Heinbaugh, Cyrus.'' ' Kimmel, John 0., Jr.' • Koontz, Edward." 1 Draneaville. 2 Mechanicsville. * Gaiaes' mill. * New Market cross roads. 6 Malvern liill. « Bull Knn. 1 South Mountain. B Antietam. 9 Fredericksburg. 10 Gettysliarg. 11 Bristoe station. 1^ Mine Ron. IS ■Wilderness. 1* SpottsylvaniaC.H. 15 North Anna. iii Bethesda Church. MUSTER BOLL OF Lowery, Michael H.' s McAdams, Isaac, corp.'' ' Nedi-aw, John." » Ogle, Charles, corp.* ' Petrie, Eugene." « V ' Tillson, Edward P.'< Wlmer, George W.' '' * THE TEJTTH REGlMErTT. Deserted and Missing. Anderson, Jessie. Folk, Jacob. Garletts, Jonas. Walker, WiUiam H. Young, William. 673 BoU of company B, oommanded by Lientenant David FarreU, formorly oommajided by Captain Joseph B. Pattee, originally by Captain Tliomas McConnell. Thomas McConnell, capt.' 2 res^nea Joseph B. Pattee, captain." "= Charles N. Jackson, 1st lieut." ' David FarreU, 2d lieut." "= Ayne, Eli J." » Baker , Joseph, coip." ' * ' Beverly, Menzo. Bell, Samuel W." " Bnckalew, Garrett.* ' Bamet, William F., corp." ■> Crawford, John B., sergt." Grossman, Robert C., corp." "■ Caldwell, John B., corp." Clark, Samuel B.f« Clark, Charles E. Campman, Timothy." ' Clauges, Samuel B.' Dunmire, Richard A. Dunham, Jonathan." Day, Alfred C."' Edabum, WiUiam B., corp.* •• * Feather, James R.' ^ Gardner, WiUiam J. Greer, John H. Heasley, Una W.> Hogue, James."" Johnston, Norman, corp." ° Johnston, WiUiam N., sergt.»» JolUson, William.' Kirkwood, James.' Kelso, George. King, Benjamin G.' Lyon, Johi E.' ' Livermore, Francis M.' Lasure, John W.' " Maxwell, WUUam B., corp." " Miller, Irwin, sergt." " Maybury, Alexander W. Mathews, Alfred.' •• Madden, Morris. Malorie, WUUam TJ." « McGinn, WiUiam J. McGarvey, Edward»' Mc Williams, Andrew H., sgt.* « " Neer, John." Piper, Samuel." Peters, Frank." Porter, John W., 1st sergt." PoweU, John W. Patton, George' Robinson, Lyman B.' Simpson, MUton. Scott, James S.' i" ' Thomas, Thomas."" * Thomas, David. Tomnan, WUUam." Wareham, George, corp." ' « • Walker, John H. Discha/rged. 1 Brown, John R., corp.'«" BarthoUmew, Simon.'' ^s«i^ Byers, Walter O." Curtis, Leonard." Case, Henry W." " Clark, Samuel.'" Dennison, Jacobs." DiUon, Trayer, corp.' ■• " Donivan, Cornelius." Davis, Clark C." Fawcett, James." Gilleland, David, sergt." Gibson, William B.'S" Henry, WiUiam C.'"' Housten, William W. McB." ' Hilkirk, Isaac." Jacobs, Lafayette." McGowan, John." McConnell, John, corp." a Promoted. b Captured. c Through all campaigns. "1 To Vet. Keserve Corps. e DiEability. f Wounded in action. g To serve unexpired term. h Honorably, by Sec'y of War 43 1 Detached. k Killed in action. 1 By re-enlistment, v. v. 674 HISTOEY OF THE PENNSTLVANIA RESERVES. Marsteller, Lemuel." Patten, Milo.« Porter, Alexander "W.° Shearer, George."" Stambaugh, David.' * ° Thompson, Elijah." Tait, David S.« Webster, John F.= Wortz, Jefferson C, sergt.' Walker, Orin W."'*"""' ' White, Thomas C." Arbaugh, Henry W." CaldweU,- Robert.' « Eaton, Isaac.* ' Hunt, William N." * Kelley, Thomas." " McCluskey, James." McCann, Jofin." ' McCall, Alonzo." » Root, Payette." » Reuber, George W." * Reysnar, James M." Smith, Robert D.' ^ Deserted. Kelley, Andrevr. McGonnell, Patrick. McKibben, Alexander. O'Hare, James. Eoll of oompany 0, originally commanded liy Captain C, Ililler Over. C. Miller Over, captain.' ° Chas. W. Mackey, 1st lieut." Ohas. C. Cochran, 3d lieut." Alexander, Francis T.'' " Addleman, Benjamin." " Agnew, Thomas." " " ' Brown, Hiram." ' " Brown, Lymon A." Brown, Freeland.' ^ " Bowman, Joseph M.^"' Beckman, William." Coulter, Robert." ^ Cross, Aaron F." ' Craner, Christie." ' Coverts, James M." " ' Conver, George.* ^ " Cra-wford, John H." ^ Camp, Benj. F." Games, HolUster P. G.* Chadwick, James D.' Crowley, John.' ""'"''^ Dougherty, William, Sd Corp.' Dempsy, Ephraim." Dorland, David." England, John."" Eceburger, Myers." " Fitzsimmons, Robert H."" ' " Fogus, Walter B." ' » " Poulkerson, Smith J." Glen, John B." * Griffee, John." Griffee, Andrew." Grable, William J." Galbraith, James B." ' Hill, Preston M., 5th sergt." » Hegle, Frederick.' ^ " Horton, William A.' Jones, Thomas J." ' Jordon, James." Keener, George G." ' ^ Kreckle, William.'"" Kirkpatrick, John C, 3d sergt." Kirkpatrick, H. W., 3d corp." Leslie, Noble F." " ' Leslie, Samuel." ' Lockrouit, Marcus." Luce, William." Lovell, David." < Meagher, George M., teamater.' ° Moore, Annis." Moyer, Samuel." " " Morgan, Gilbert." May, John S.° Morrison, David P. McKinzie, Samuel, 1st sergt." McLain, George W., 4th corp.*""* McQuaid, Lewis W. , 5th corp." " " McCourdy, Alex., 6th corp.' ""'J " McCoullough, J. L., 7thcorp."'"" McChessnie, Samuel. *"=* 1 Dranesvillo. 2 MechaaicsTille. 8 Gaines' miil. i Kew Market cross roads. 6 Malvern hill. « Bull Kun. 7 South Mountain. B Antietam. ^ Fredericksburg. 10 Gettysburg. 11 Bristoe station. IS Mine Bom. 13 Wildephess. "SpottsylvanlaC.H. IS North Anna. i« Bethesda Church. MUSTER BOLL OF THE TENTH REGIMENT. 6 lO McElwain, Wm. C."« McCool, George." McKinzio, John C "ruuery SLcKinzie, William." McFadden, Thomas." > McDonald, Mathew B.' * * McQuaid, H..J.° Neighbour, Elihu G., 8th corp.« Nickelson, James. Nelleis, Robert B.« ' Oldridge, James.'' « Pollock, Thomas H.' ^ « Powell, WilUam.f6« Peters, George W." ' * • Patton, Wm. M."" Pryer, Jesse L.""' Ross, George." " Ross, Joseph D." Ross, Thomas J." Ross, Samuel B." Remley, Wm." ' Saddler, Emory A., musician." ' Singleton,. S. M., Sdsergt.'* Smith, Absolam, 4th sergt." Sawhill, Alexander F." Shattuck, George.' " Shefler, Baniel K." Sulton, Robert !).» " > Stewart, Samuel. Skeel, Stephen M. Scott, George W." Siebert, John." ' »""i"^ Showers, Anthony." Sulinger, Alexander. Shaw, James D. Templeton, Thomas H.' « = Tracey, Ezekiel M.' s " Taylor, Robert. Varner, William A., musician." Welsh, William J., 1st corp." Wimer, John M." " ' Wilson, Bradford." Wilson, John." Woolfkill, John." ' Winkleman, William.* White, William P. White, James B."° " Wilhelm, John." Walters, John." Wallace, Edward. ^"^ Widle, Henry.f * Wonzer, James S.' « Edl of Company D, commaadea by Captain 0. VT. MoDaniol, originally oonmumded ky Captain James T. 'Kirk, C. W. McDaniel, captain." • G. H. McNary, 1st lieut.» • ■'e ""^" Charles Davis, 2d heut." * " Anderson, Samuel." ' "^^'"^ Anderson, Benj. L., sergt." '4 u " Brady, Robert, 1st sergt." ° Briceland, Garland, teamster.'" Black, T. J."3 " Black, J. L.f*" Brady, Joshua." " Crum, David." ' '« ^"* Cain, William." Cochran, Wilson." Caldwell, W. S.° Cook, Samuel.' "■' p'"»« Cook, John V. H., corp." Donaldson, WiUiam. Dickey, N. E.° Evans, Benjamin." Eaton, Frank B.' » • Ford, Thomas. ' °° s""**" Graham, G. 8.' * " Havlin, William, sergt." Huston, William S-, sergt." f ■>'' '< Hughes, James S., sergt."' "^^^ Hollingshead, William C. Horn, Charles." Hammond, D. V." '^ ° Hallas, Daniel.'' 's Hallas, William." Hallas, George." " Harsha, William." Huston, Alexander, corp." ' < i» Hayden, George." ' Jackson, Joseph." Jackson, J. W.° Lang, John E."" '* Lang, Robert N., corp." ' " ^^ Maggs, William, corp." Mackey, J. L. Musser, A. M.'* McFadden, James.' * » Promoted, bi Captured. . c Through all campaigns. < Traasfened to Vet, Bes. Corps. e Discharged for disability. f Wounded in action. g Traasf. to serve unexpired term. h Discharged honV by Sec. of War. i Detached. fc Killed in action. 1 Be-enllsted, v, t* 676 HISTOEY OF THE PEOTfSYLVANIA BESEBVES. McPake, J. 0.° McPake, J. H.'s" McPake, James, musician." McPake, Robert N., corp.' ' '* McCahen, James, corp.'' " " McWiUiams, William. McCuUough, J. v." McOloskey, John." ' Paxton, Thomas, sergt."'' " Perry, James." Pettit, Henry 0.° Pennell, W. P." » Roberts, William." Rhinehart, J. H.f * " Stosnyder, A. I.° Stornient, John." Sheaff, Henry H.' '« Sarver, John." Scott, James M., corp.' " " Scott, W. W." Thompson, J. H."* Wilson, James E." Wilson, Robert.' " WiUiams, William.' '* Williams, Anthony." ' Tomig, James, corp." James T. Kirk, captain.' Frank Coleman, 2d lieut. Discharged. Akey, Alfred.' Beck, Shadrack, sergeant.' Brown, Samuel." Cain, George." Chambers, J. S." Cowan, J. W.' ' Cochran, Hugh.^" Culver, J. Z.'> » Devall, William." Hodgens, S. G., corp.'* HavUn, M. M." Jackson, William." McNary, W. P." » McCord, J. P." Merriman, J. C." Phillips, J. F." Quail, James." Ritchie, C. P., sergt." • Ryan, B. F." * Scott, Brown." Sutton, John.'* Wallace, Joseph.' "''^ Transferred. AUee, W. L.» Chambers, J. R." • Duff, James B.' ""e^ ""'F" Furst, L. C." Patton, J. R.» Died. Gundy, John, sergeant.* * Glass, William, corp.' * Greer, M. H." Hunter, W. J." Jeffers, John.' * Mackey, Samuel." Prouitt, A. W. Tibby, George. Soil of company E, oommmded by Captain Valentine FMppa, oiiginally commanded by Captain James B, Enoz. Valentine Phipps, captain.' ' ' " Napoleon B. Mc Williams, 2d It." « Agnew, Joshua B.^"' Ayres, James." Allen, Isaac." Agnew, Samuel."'"' Breneman, Frederick.' ' ' " Bole, Reynolds.' ° Brush, George." Barr, Henry C « Bales, John W. Craig, David, corp.' " • Clark, James K' 3 Callihan, Robert.' " Cyphert, George.' " Craig, Adam.' " > Dranesvme. ^ Malvern hill. » Fredericksburg, la Wilderness 2 Meohanicsville. « Bull Run. V Gettysburg. " Spottsylvanla C H ' Gaines' mill. ' South Mountain. " Bristoa station, is North Anna ♦ New Market cross roads. « Autietam. " Ming Run. is Bethesda Church MTJSTEE-OUT ROLL OF THE TENTH REGIMENT. 677 Davis, SUas. Eminger, Daniel B.' Eminger, John H.' Farringer, William.' " Foreman, Miles." Greenawalt, Jeremiah J., sergt.» ° Grable, Samuel D., sergt" •■ » " Gates, Henry.* ° Grace, George. Holmes, Almon B.° James, Jasper N. Kapp, George F., sergt." ' ' "= Kiser, Samuel, 1st corp." = Kiser, George B., corp.» ' 9 ■= Keely, Daniel." i Livingston, Wm. R'S" Lewis, Francis M., 1st sgt.'' » » ' s « Lewis, John A." Lewis, Thomas E. H.' " Lewis, Thomas E.' <= Lowe, Henry A." Lindsey, John. Miller, Henry.f * s Mohney, Simon, corp."" Morgan, William.' ° Mills, Reed M. McLaughlin, Patrick."' ^ McKinzie, Thomas.' artery McBride, Davis.' ^ McCoy, Joseph ' " McClune, Charles K. Ogden, James C' " Parsons, Silas W.' " Randolph, Harmon. Raifsnider, Jacob.' " Ranken, Adam A.' ° Syon, John D., sergt." " " Stigers, John." Sample, James C. Steiner, George.' ^ ' " Smith, David.'"? Spence, Ashabald."" ' Strickler, David E.' ° Stover, Aquilla. Trainer, James A." Turney, Burton." * ° Wilson, Samuel S., corp." '» Walley, Samuelj corp." " Wliitehill, Harrison, corp." " » " Whitehill, David.' 3* WhitehDl, Robert.'" » Walters, Elliott G.'"« Wyon, James G.' "• Wilson, Clarence B." Yates, David.' » ? i « Young, Robert. Young, William." ' " David R. Craig, 1st lieut. James L. Wray, 1st lieut.' ^ McLaughlin, Charles, 1st sergt.' " » Alsbach, Oliver P.= Black, Daniel, sergt." Best, William. ' Carson, Hugh, corp." Cook, Sebastian.'* Dale, Tolbert, sergt." Dixon, George." Perry, Patrick T." Fetzer, William H., sergt." Gauoe, James W." Henry, Calvin B." Henderson, Thomas." Keely, John." Kapp, Samuel S.' ^ McLaughlin, Edward." McLaughlin, John. Morris, Harvy." Magee, John A.* Reeser, Charles A. Sloan, David P." Strickler, Smithy sergt." Wilson, George W.' * " Wilson, Hugh C. Young, Jerome W." Transferred. James B. Knox, captain.* Shippen, Wm. R., corp.» Died. Black, Mathew.'s Corbett, Allen W., corp.'' » Disel, John." » Jones, Daniel V.' ' Kiser, Amos.'' ' Phillips, John C." ' Rynard, Alpheus.'' ' Sloan, David A. Sloan, JohnH." Trciyuilny, James G."" ^ Travis, Samuel L." Vausden, Thomas, corp.' ' » Promoted. b Captured. c Through all campaigus. Abner Lacock, captain.' " George B. Lehman, 1st lieut." ' Ambrest, John." Atkinson, James, corp." Benchler, Frederick. = Blain, David R.° Brown, James." Brown, Eli R. Cross, John W.* Campbell, Robert."' Dawson, Alexander, corp.'* » Dawson, Benoni C. Fish, Wallace W. Gull, Casper.' s ' Hamilton, William L.' ^ e Hays, Joseph G. Moorbefger, James M,, sergt." Murkle, Washington. McKee, James, sergt.' ■* McOaskey, George, corp." McConnell, Clark.' » " McGahey, James P.' "» Ramsey, Cochran." Reno, William, corp." Swager, Socrates J.° Swager, William;' ^ Sutherland, David R." Scott, James.i '^''^ Smart, John." Todd, James A. Wason, George A." Wilson, John P.° Wray, Thomas S., corp."" " • Milo R. Adams, captain.' < John L. Moore, 1st lieut. Alfred T. Cairns, 3d lieut. Ephraim P. Stewart, 1st sergt." Thomas L. DaiTah, sergt." Discharged. Anderson, Francis M.» Anderson, John W." Bean, George, corp ' ' Brown, Robert H., corp." Bevington, Mason." Cliandler, Harrison J., sergt." Gary, George W.'* " " Douds, Edward H.'s Dona van, John." Evans, Thomas G., corp.' * • Graham, Williamson.' Hutchison, Charles H." Hamilton, Lemuel.' ' Henry, James H." Jones, John J.= Kettlewood, William.' » '» MoLuren, John P." Phillis, James M:" Pflefer, William H.' Page, John." Reed, Joseph M., corp." Roy, Andrew.'* Reno, Hiram S." Robinson, John W." Steward, Joseph.' * Waterhouse, John W."" TruTistferred. Beighley, James R. P.* * " ' Benner, James W.° ' Baker, George.* Batts, Daniel.' 9 8 Bentz, Lewls.K Carr, William C.8 Carlton, Guy.e Cole, Rufus D., 1st sergt"' Edgar, Lemuel G.°' Edgar, Joseph F.e Evans, Martin 8.* Hendrickson, Hiram.e Izenour, Arthur. 6 Jordon, James D.e Jack, Robert.' Moorhead, James H.' s i McAfee, John.' « Mo Williams, James.* Neville, Jason.'"' Neville, Edward.* Neville, Ira.'""" Olcott, William, sergt.' • Purvis, John.B ' ^ Reehl, John." ' Reehl, Robert, e 1 DranesTille, ■ 2 Mechanic&ville. * Gaioea* mill. * New Market cross roads. 5 Malvern hill. « Bull Run. T South Mountain. 6 Antietam. * Fredericksburg. 10 Gettysburg. " Bristoe station, 12 Mine Kan. " Wilderness. " Spottsylvania C. H. 1» North Anna. 1' Bethesda Church. MUSTER EOLL OF THE TENTH EEGIMENT. Smith, Jacob.* Swain, John I.er Todd, Wilbert F.« Uselton, Samuel V.« ' Ward, Patrick." ' Died. Anderson, James E.' * Bryan, Greorge P."" Elliot, Sylvester." 6 Edgar, John." » Gull, Henry." « Howley, Thomas." * Holland, Christian B." ' Handy, Chauncy.« Holden,' Ralph B." e Might, David." « McMillen, Hugh." « Ramsey, William." * Rowe, James J." ^ Scott, Theodore W." * Wilson, James L." " Warnock, Daniel C." ^ Wray, John." » Deserted. 679 Gray, Robert. Boll of company &, commanded ty Captain Peter E. Shipler, formerly commandsd by Captain Jonathan P, Smith, originally by Captain A^ J, Warner. Peter E. Shipler, captain." ' ^ o = Adoniram J. Warner, captain." " Jonathan P. Smith, captain." '"=^ Joseph S. Marquis, 1st lieut. Thos. B. Rodgers, 1st lieut. "^'s"** Nathan G. McQuillen, 2d lieut." Chas. W. Whistler, 2d lieut. '^'enea Peter E. Shipler, 3d lieut." " Joseph S. Marquis, 2d lieut." Alexander, John I.' ^ " Albin, John R." Bean, Milton I., sergt. Bogardus, John W., sergt." Bush, Henry H.° Bush, Aaron, f 3 a Brown, Samuel M. Beaver, Valentine." Boies, Henry H. Bodle, WilUam J. Cherry, J. Charles. Caldwell, Joseph R. Craig, William H.f» Comstock, Asa." Emery, John B., corp.' '" " Forker, John H., sergt.' ' ° Forbes, William." Foulk, Charles W. Fisher, Samuel P. Galoway, William." • Galbraith, Felix G. Grace, Jamas."' " •Graham, WilUam D.' « Graham, George R." Gibson, William P." Henderson, Harvey H., musician. Howard, James." Houston, Joseph.' " " Houston, Hamilton." Houston, William H." Kirk, Baldwin C." Lafterty, George W. McLane, John." Miller, Edward.' » " McKnight, Robert.' * McDonald, William P. McClure, Wallace.'" « Mc Williams, Samuel R. Nickum, Joseph B." Nanemaker, James G. Nelson, Jonas M. Nevin, John, corp.' * ^ Orr, Elias, corp." Paden, William, corp.'^" Proudfit, Francis M., wagoner. Perry, Joseph G. Patterson, William p.' s " Reznor, George, 1st sergt.' ^ Runkle, Peter E. Rose, Henry G. C. Roberts; George. Shipler, Joseph B.' ' Sedwick, John W.' » Stranahem, Robert. Shannon, Thompson. & Promoted. b Captared. c Throagh all campaigas. i To y^t. Beserre.CorpB. e Disability. f Wounded in action. g To serve anexpired term. b Honorably, by Sec'y of War. i Detached. 1^ Killed in action. i By re.6nlletment, v. 680 HISTORY OF THE PEN-NSYLVAN;JA RESERVES. Shout, James A. Sykes, George T., sergt." Weaver, Joseph, corp.° Bond, Joseph A/ Cummings, Joseph. = Dentler, Charles "W.= Ellsworth, William H.» Fruit, John W.'" Fell, AreliusL.'a 9 Filson, Albert L.« Graham, Samuel, corp.f^ George, J. Newton. = Goodrich, William H.« Garvin, Edwin L."" Grace, Samuel C.' Hanna, James W., corp."' Humphrey, Clementine P." Howard, James, Sr.« Kirk,' Isaac D., corp." Keck, James~M.' Lagore, William, wagoner." McLaughrey, Thomas S., corp.' ^ McCracken, George W., sergt." McPherran, Samuel I.' ^ Mossman, Oscar A." Maguire, Walter 8.= Morrison, Joseph S.= Madge, Oscar D., musician." Robinson, J. Boyd, "sergt.f^ Sthephenson, Samuel B.""' Sthephenson, John M.* Stull, Lester." Stewart, Samuel.' ^ Tanner, George.'' Wright, Joseph H.= Transferred. Andrews, John A.' ""y Germer, Albert H.' '^""^ Died. Blumer, Edward W." ^ Kitch, David C.= Lowrey, John.'' ^ Nunemaker, Joseph H.' ' Pearson, Albert.'' * Pew, James G.'' ^ Pew, John N." Rowland, William H., sergt.* » Sawhill, Hugh L-, coip.^ ' Sheehan, David.'' ■* Shannon, George.'' * Taylor, David C.« Waugh, John R. E." " Bohn, Benjamin E. Geibner, Charles W. Gardner, John. Pearson, Henry. Mnater-out EoU of company H, commanded by Captain William McOann, formerly commanded by Captain Daniel W. Mayes, originally by Captain Henry V. Partridge. William McCann, captain." " David Service, 1st lieut." " Bates, Ransom S., ist sergt." Bowers, Leaman L., sergt."" Barnes, Alonzo P., corp.' ' Burnham, Charles N., corp." Brown, Charles W., corp. Brower, John G.° Conner, Jesse M.° DeGroff, Abram G." Harrington, Jerome B., sergt.' Houghton, Hiram T., corp. Hurley, John.' ^ ^ Howard, Henry." Houghton, William H.° Kline, Jacob." Learn, Lewis B., corp." McDowell, Hubert." Mitchell, James R.° Porter, Martilles, sergt.' ' Stilwell, William, f 3 Trask, George W.'" Henry V. Partridge, captain. Lemuel B. Norton, 1st lieut.' ="« """^ 1 Drauesville. s MechanicsviUe. s Gaines' mill. * ^ew Market cross roads. 6 Malvera hiU. Bull Eaa. 7 Soatli Mountain, s Autletam. Fredericlssburg. 10 Gettysburg. " Bristoe station. >3 Mine Biio. 13 Wilderness. 1* Spottsylvama C.H. 1& Nortn Anna. 1° Betkesda Ghorcn. MUSTER ROLL OF THE TENTH REGIMENT. 681 Discharged. Allen, William.^ Aylesworth, David C.» Barbor, Ira G.« Babcock, Charles. = Bowers, Daniel H.« Brown, Frank. « Calvert, William.'* Cameron, Jolm.« Clark, Charles.^ Curtis, Nelson P.« Dennison, Ira H.= Ford, Eben 0., 1st sergt.« •Falconer, Nat. 8., sergt.f< Hotchkiss, Burritt D., musician." Harris, Stephen Gr^^ Huntley, Roland H.' s Jones, Samuel.' Merchant, George, corp.= Morton, James A.« Nelson, Charles F., corp.« Osgood, Chase.' s Bobbins, Oliver P.' » Stroup, Casper Y.,- musician. ° Shipman, John,« Snyder, LeRoy.« Thompson, Edwin N.'* Tomes, Jacob. = Turner, John.' Vanvechten, Derich T.' Young, Orsamus A.= Transferred. Calvert, Richards." s Crittenden, Edward D." s Clendenning, Andrews." s Culvertson, Isaac."' Demams, George "W." e Davise, Orlando L." ' "P""' «"■?' Demill, Irving, e Geer, J. Burton, "sa Kin^sley, Noah R." ' Kingsbury, James M."' Lyon, Henry A., corp." ' Lyon, Charles." ' Lyon, Edwin A." ■ Lesh, Andrew.e Marsh, Simeon.' ' 's i McGraw, Patrick." « McPhaill, William Enos." e Palmer, Edward J." ' Reynolds, Charles B.° ' Robbins, Livingstone."' Ryne, Thomas." ' Ryan, Edward." ' Reeger, John."' Salisbury, Warner A." ' Siiook, James R.' '" " e Wentworth, Charles.' ''P""! "»t« Died. Daniel W. Mayes, captain." » > Henry B. Fox, 2d lieut." ' ^ Browers, Charles.'' ^ ■ Cowan, John W.'' ^ -Chase, Victor." Enos, Ephraim.' » ' '3 Gilson, George S.' ^ Johnston, Ira, sergt." ' Learn, James A.'' ' Miner, Henry D.'s Packer, Hiram.' ""'^ " Rogers, Thomas O., sergt.' * Robinson, Daniel 'P.^ ^ Schirk, Jacob.' ■■ Simmons, .Tames E.'' ' Sturdevant, William.' 3 Wright, Henry C." » White, Edmond." « Deserted. Doulon, John, corp. ■ Parker, Henry. Tomes, Byron D., corp. Winchester, William. Eoll of company I, commanded by Oaptain Henry J, Howe, originally commanded by Captain Ira Ayer. Ira Ayer, captain." Henry J. Howe, captain." Sion B. Smith, 1st lieufc* ' Milton M. Phelps, 1st lieut." '"'e""" David A. Benuit, 1st lieut.' « » Oscar Hennig, 2d lieut.''<^'s''"^ a Promoted. ■b Captured. c Througb all campaigns. d To Vet. Reserve Corps. e Disability. f Wounded in' action. g To serve unexpired term. ii Honorabl7, by Sec*y of War. 1 Detached. ^ Killed in action. 1 By re-enlistment, i 682 HISTOEY OF THE PENITSyLVANIA EESEBVBJS. Edward H. Henderson, 2d lieut.' Brown, George M." '=''"«' Blancliard, William.' 3 Cathcart, Hugh. Collom, Levi H." Cook, W. I., Corp. Chadwjck, J. D.' Evans, Thos. H." Hill, Edward J. Henry, Wm. R." Ivons, Richard 0. Jones, Thomas W." ' "'''=" Jones, John R.' Kiser, Isaac S ' ° Merchant, Mathew, 1st sergt.»« Mitchell, Wm. J." McQuiston, Andrew J., sergt. Page, James G., corp.° Palmanteer, S. W." ■ Rockwell, 0. W.'' ' " Rose, Winfield S., corp.' ' ° Spaulding, Benj. O., sergt." Slater, William M., sergt.' " Stewart, Tyler. Stuart, Charles.'' 3 Stuntz, John H." Smith, Lewis B.' Swift, M. V. B.' » Waid, Stephen, corp.'^ Willson, R. F.b 9 Casualties. Ashley, Alex., corp.' ="8°"' "°i" • Beach, Geo. L., sergt.'' s* Barachman, B. P.= Bole, Robert C." * Brun, Jesse Leer.' ^ * Byham, Wm. F." Church, Z. K." ■< _ Clements, Moses.' t Cole, Morris" * Carroll, P. C. Carroll, W. S.« Daly, James.'' ' Dempsey, John F." » Douglass, E. S.' "^""^^ Espy, John B., corp.« Evans, Clare P." s Ewing, Wm. R.= Ferris, Ardin B.'' • Gill, Bonj. M., corp.'s* George, Thomas. ° Gehra, Edmund. = Gray, Samuel. ° Hotchkiss, Jason.° Harvey, Joseph.'' Hilderbrand, Joseph A.''* Harper, Charles.'" Himebaugh, John A." Hunt, WilHam, sergt. = Hollister, O. H., coip."" Hamed, Hiram S., Corp.? Kile, Hiram, 1st sergt.'' ' King, Emory.'' ^ Long, John J.' ^ a Marvin, Oscar A.^™^ Marvin, Lycurgus.* Monroe, Wm.= Martin, John W." « McKay, R. H.' ' ' McQuiston, J. L.' » * Norris, George, sergt.' * Pickard, A. 0.,"lst sergt.^ Pearl, Horace, corp.'' ' Preusner, C. F., corp.'*» Pierce, David A.' Pitcher, Jacob." Pier, EdwinB.'3ai«a Prosser, Lucus E.^"* Root, Thos. J." Strickland, B. B., sergt." ' Smith, Louis P. Sperry, Zealous." Stuart, Don F." Trace, Ami L."' Trevett, William.' s" Tryon, McClure S." « Un thank, C. D." < Willson, Thos., 1st sergt."*" Waid, Jairus, corp.*"* Waid, Chauncy, W." Wikoff, James H." » Williams, O. L.'^" White, John G." White, Samuel F.'*«i"4 Wright, George W." Wright, John W." » 1 Dranesville. 2 Mechanicsville. ^ Gaines' mill. • Ne* Market cross roads. 6 Malvern hill. « Bull Run. ' South Mountain. ^ Antietam. 8 Prederieljishurg. 10 Gettysburg. 11 Bristoe station, IS Mine Bun. " Wilderness. "SpottsylvaniaC.H '» North Anna. 16 Bethesda Chnroh. MUSTER BOLL OF THE TENTH REGIMENT. 683 BoU of oompany K, oommandea by Captain A, M, Gilkey, formerly commanded by Captain John L. Moore, originally by Captain Samnel MiUer. I sergt. I sergt. ' A. M. Gilkey, captain.' * ' " G. T. Elwards, 1st lieut." ■> ' « Anderson, WilUam H., corp." Andrews, George D., corp.° Baker, Richard W."" ' " Bannon, Michael." Barnes, Hugh S. Bartram, Thomas J., Bartram, Andrew J. Bush, William.'" 9 Bussinger, Daniel. Colvin, Peter Y. Davidson, Robert."" » Davis, Thomas. Fosnot, Joseph. Fry, Reuben H.'"* Hudson, Richard S., Hudson, Ralph E. Imbri, Jeremiah R. Lambright, Samuel. LaughUn, Hugh.' 2 ■> » Marshall, Robert." Marks, Alfred. Morris, George W.'* McGeehon, James, sergt.' ^ " Me Adams, Frank. McClaren, John D. McCowin, Thompson. McKinney, John E.'^ Miller, Andrew.' » Miller, Edward." » ° McMullen, John.' 3 9 Nicely, Stephen.' 6 Parks, Samuel G., corp." Parks, Darius W.' « " » Park, James.' "> Parrett, Richard L.° Peirce, Caleb." Powell, William." Powers, James C." ' Powers, John F., 1st sergt.' ' Reed, James N., coi-p.'^ » " Shannon, William." ' ° Swank, Emanuel S. Vankijk, Archibald.'* Weeby, William." Wallace, William. Discharged. John L. Moore, captain." ' ■* William J. Carson, 1st lieut." Marshall Hartshorne, Istlieut.™'*""' Thos. J. McCarter, 2d lieut. '"=^6"=* Anderson. James A., 1st sergt.' ' Barnes, Hugh." Barber, William." Bartram, George W.' "■■™"'7 Courtney, Marion W.' Fosnot, Barney." Gilkey, Francis W.' ^ Hoon, Thomas J." Hum, George." Hum, Levi.' ""■"""t Howills, Daniel.' * Imbri, David.' ^ Johnston, John A.' ^ Kogarise, Jacob, corp.' "»iii"ry Lightner,. William." Lightner, George. Lightner, Josiah.' ' Lowrey, Peter Y." Lowrey, Stephen. Miller, Bony." McReady, Jonathan, musician. McClelliind, James, corp.'* Miller, Moses." McCready, Robert, musician.'' McAulis, James F.' """"ry McKeough, James.' ^ Mc Williams, Joseph." Miller, Robert, corp." Streiby, Samuel M." Swank, Benjamin." Swaggers, Emery." «rti""r7 Shultz, William.' «ia"i7 Shannon, Curtis R." Young, John W. Transferred. Allen, Charles.* Elder, Samuel."' a Promoted b Captured. c ThroDgh all campaigns. d To Vet, Reserve Corps. e Disability. i Wounded in action. e To serve unexpired term. h Honorably, by Sec'y of War. i I)eta.ched. k Killed in action. 1 By re-enlistment, v. v. 684 HISTORY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA RESEKTE3. Bied. Samuel Miller, captain." Boyd, John.i' « Crawford, Charles W., corp.» ' Furguson, Clark." Irwin, James." ^ McClaren, Robert H.* « Mershimer, Samuel.'' ' McOlure, Joseplius." ' Newgen, Jolm." Peny, Robert." Vankirk, Arthur." * Young, Milton R., sergt.* iluster-out Eoll of the Eleventh regiment, P. E. C, commanded hy Colonel Samuel M. Jaokson, originally commanded hy Colonel Thomas P. Gallagher. Called into service on the 1st day of July, 1861, to serve for a term of three years, and mustered out on the 13th day of June, 1864. EoU of Field and Staff Officers, Samuel M. Jaokson, colonel." " ' ° Robt. A. McCoy, lieut.-col.""""" James C. Burke, major." •■ ' ° Thos. D. Litzinger, 1st It, adj.'b'" Ashton J. Cole, asst. surg. Hugh A. Torrence, lieut., qu. mt." John A. Delo, chaplain. Marshall J. Smith, sergt. major.' T. M. McCandless, qu. mr. sergt.' George A. Black, com. sergt.' ^ ■> ' Chas. Minnimoyer, prin. mus'n.' Discharged. Thomas F. Gallagher, colonel.' ' * James R. Porter, lieut. -col.'" Robert Litzinger, major.^ Peter A. Johns, major."" James P. Speev, major." Dan. S. Porter, lieut. -col.'' James S. De BenneviUe, surg.» » ^ i Adam Torrence, chaplain.'' J. L. Marbourg, asst. surg.'' David W; Ballentine, asst. surg." William Dixon, chaplain." J. Wilson Elliott, hosp. steward." William Hugers," sergt, major." James M. Kissner, mus'n."- J. Banks Hunter, mus'n." James Dougherty, mus'n.'' Robert S. Davis, mus'n." Samuel Jack, mus'n." Anthony Bwing, mus'n." Joseph Muller, mus'n." Alexander Wagle, musician." ■ Robert R. Wilson, mus'n." William Lyons, surgeon." ' Samuel Kurtz, asst. surg.' Thos. H. Butterfield, hosp. stew." Died. John A. Hill, sergt. major." ' UnsteT-ont Boll of company A, commanded by Captain Daniel S, Jones, origiaally commanded by Captain Itobert Litziager. Dan'lD. Jones, captain.""" iod is Bolirvine, William, sergt.' " a » is Bradley, Sylvester C. J.° Crum, William J.' " Carbaugh, David S.' '» " " Davis, George W.° ' UranesviUe. 6 MaWevn UU. a Fredericksburg, is Wilderness. ' ! Mechanicsville. 8 Bull Eun. M Gettysburg. " SpottsylvaniaC H '•> Gaines' mill. 7 South Mountain. " Bristoe station. 15 North Anna, 4 New Market cross roads. 8 Antietam. la Mine Kun. la Bothesda Church. MUSTER BOLL OF THE ELEVENTH REGIMENT. 685 ■Elder, William H., sergt." ■> » » Gillispie, John.' 3 " Helman, Lawrence.'' ' Jones, Pliilip.* a c Keough, John.'" s ' '<> Luke, Daniel W., sergt." "> ■' Leff, Aaron." ' ° McCreary, John O.' » Powell, William K.' s 9 lo 12 o Shoffner, Casper.' Settlemyer, Harrison." s = Woodford, Andrew." Woodford, Powers. Diacluirged. Abrams, Evan." ' ' ^ Books, George W., corp." ' " Berringer, John R.= Diimm, Thomas P." * Davis, Edward B." ' Deetz, John.f'' Evans, James N.« Evans, Edgar." ' ' « Evans, Edward J." Fultz, Elisha ' Gillispie, Edward.^ James, David T.' » » Krise, Henry G.» ' f t Leavey, William A., sergt."' Leavey, Francis A.= Litzinger, Chas. B." ' Moore, John." ' Moore, Camp.'" ^ ^^ Miller, William. = McCallister, Nason." ' ' » McCreary, William.'' Orr, James A." ^ ' s Scanlan, John E., sergt.'" ' Sechler, William H., corp."» Williams, Thomas.'" ' Transferred. Robert Litzenger, captain.' "^iBraa Robert A. McCoy, 2d Uent." s ' s a 1 Burk, James C, corp.'" ^ " Brown, William E." " ' « Bowers, Frederick.'' Bender, Nathaniel J." "= ' Brovm, George W." "" • Boring, Jacob S." " ""= ' Brown, Josiah R.s _ Books, Samuel. 8 Bortman, Joseph.* Davis, Benjamin.e Dunlap, William.8 Jones, Roland M., 1st sgt." 3 ' e . a Jones, Thomas D." s ' 6 » 1 « Judy, Samuel." ' " ' Krise, Daniel D." ^ c 1 Litzinger, Thomas D." ' " ' « Makin, John A.' Mardis, Jacob L.'" => « McCreany, William.e McCreany, James."' McPeely, John, corp." ^ " ' McBride, John, corp." ^ ' » ' Owens, Joseph, corp." * " ' Patterson, William J." « Patrick, Dalljs.» e Pyatt, James B., corp." ' Quintan, William." e Rager, George C* Ruth, Edmund S.^ Stevens, John, corp." a ' ^» ' Skelly, Michael A.« Shoepf, John.s Smyers, Philip.e Stevens, Commodore P.s Tagan, Charles A., sergt.' • Wareham, Henry H.'-*« Died. Andrew Lewis, captain.* ' • Beninger, WiUiam." Brown, George K.'' ' Camp, JohnL.'"'*' Dempsey, William." Dillon, Michael T.« Davis, William W." " " ' Davis, Richard R.'"'" 9 Evans, William W., sergt." '"»"». Evans, Griffith T." Evans, Frederick J." '" "> Farabaugb, Bernard." Foster, Jolm J.'' ^ Hoon, James M."" ' Helman, Daniel.' ' James, Evan D., corp." ' * Jones, Richard E.* ' Lantcy, Philip A." ^ McCreary, John L." ' " MoCaman, Thomas.' * a Promoted, b Capthied. * c Through all campaigns. d To Vet. Eeserre Corps. • Disability. f Wounded in action. g To serre unexpired term. " Honorably, by Sec*y of War. 1 Detached. b Killed iu action. I Bj re-enl^stment, v. v. ,686 HISTOET OF THE PENNSYLVANIA EBSEEVES. McClure, John.*' McBroom, Gedrge.' ' McBroom, Henry.'' ^ ° O'Connell, Hilarion.' ' PfofF, Joseph A.' "^"^ ' Patterson, Robert.'' ^ Bufflmell, James P.« Euth, LeOnidas A." Roberts, George J.' Roberts, John.' " Urban, Emanuel." ' Wise, John." Eoll of company B, commanded ty Captain Hannilial K. Sloan, formerly by Captain Daniel Si Portei, originally ly Captain James £• Forteii James R. Porter, captain." Dan S. Porter, 1st lieut.» Hannibal K. Sloan, 2d lieut.' » Allen, Eieazer E., corp." Allison, Joshua A."^ ' * Atchison, WiUiam.*'=* Adams, James N.° Berger, John. Bartlebaugh, Archibald.'' * Bush, Oscar.{ '» " Coleman, Harrison W."' = Cummings, William." = Coleman, Thomas M.'' = Carbaugli, Samuel.' i « f s s Campbell, John R." Compton, William A. Conner, William." 4 f 9 died Conner, Harrison.' •> * « Chesley, Edwin.' » = Craig, Jacob L.' ^ ^ Charles, Moses.'' " Davis, Ephraim, corp."» Davis, Johnston." " Davis, James W.'^ Devlin, James.' ^ = Devlin, John R." » * Deviany, Ezekiel J.° Dumm, Hiram N.° Eakman, Alexander G.' '" " Empfield, William H.' « « Elliot, William B." Fair, Richard H., sergt." » *>«* Fyock, David." Fetterman, Henry W." ■• Glenn, James.' ^ *^^ Gromley, John J. Hoover, David. Hall, Samuel B. Hoflfmann, Joseph.' " Henderson, Theodore.' " Harrison, Samuel B.° Harbison, William M. J.'^" Harbison, Frank.' ' " Hill, William.' s » Hall, John L." Hill, Jethro W.'" * Henry, William." Hood, Thomas." Howard, H. C, corp." "> • ' Harmon, Solomon." ■* ° Hazelett, WiHiam M.' « " Howearlh, James W.' ^ ' * Humphrey, John W.° ° Johnston, John M., corp.'' • Johnston, G. W." Kimberlin, John 6.' ^ ""^ Kinter, William T. Kunkle, William."" Kuhns, William D., corp.'s » » Lowman, Samuel.' ^ ^'^ Lowman, George W.' " ° Lowman, . Allison. Laughlin, Benjamin F., corp." ' » ' Laughner, Daniel, musician." ' Loughry, James M.' ^ ^'^ Loughry, William." ' Lewis, John,'^ " > Layman, Jacob N.' M * i Mack, William H.' •' Morton, Constantine.' * s s « o Mitchell, Robert M.^^ Moore, Thomas S.' « <"'^ McLain, John F., musician. '" McClain, Garvin A.' « a » McCutcheon, Samuel, corp." " McOandless, Thos. M., 1st sgt." " McCurdy, John G." McDonald, William P." McHeniy, Oliver S." McGuire, Joseph.'" * ° McKelvey, Thomas H.= McCurdy; Samuel R.= O'Neal, James L., sergt." " Oatman, James J.'* 9 r lo a o 1 DranesvlUe. 6 Malvem bill. o Fredericksburg, ij Wilderness . 2 Mechaaioaville. « Ball Enn. m Gettysburg. » Spottsylvania C.H. 3 Gaioea' mill. ' South Mountain, n Bristoe station. 16 Nortli Anna * New Marltet cross roads, s Antietam 12 Mine Ran. w Betliesda Chnrch. MUSTER BOLL OF THE ELEVENTH REGIMENT. 687 Prothero, Henry." " Powell, Henry.'' " Rosenbury, Cyrus."" s Richardson, William.' Ray, Hugti.s Ray, Samuel." Stewart, Archibald W." " Smith, Marsliall S., corp.«'« Smith, John L.° Smith, Jolm A."= Stewart, George W.' ' s • o Stewart, John W." Spalding, George.' ' ' » Stork, William.* Sheffler, Uriah.' * « Shambaugh, Charles.' « " Sherman, Robert P.' ' « Shick, Samuel. "> Shields, John M."" Stuchel, Henry.t 7 Shadrach, William.' Stephens, James.' ' Sntor, John S., sergt." ' Thomas, William K.' ' » « Trimble, George.' Trimble, James H.'' ' Wagoner, John."" * « Wineman, James." *^«* Weaver, Thomas B., sergt."' Young, Frank P." ■» Eoll of company 0, commandea ly Captain William H, Timtlin, originally commanded by Captain Samnel London, Samuel Louden, captain.' Kewton Redic, 1st fieut.' ' John C. Kuhn, 2d lieut." s ' e died Allen, David S." ^ Adams, Homer C Anderson, Robert.' Black, Hiram, 2d corp."> ' ^<^ Black, George A., 8th corp.» "> s Beam, John.") ' ^^ Beatty, Samuel R.' " Borland, John W.^'* Birch, David. » ' Brandaw, Henry."" ' « Black, Uriah J.i> s died Bell, Sumuel M.'i'^'S' Bruner, Samuel.'' ' Black, John "R.'" 3 Black, WilUam P.» Brewster, Joseph C.^'=* Bryan, WiUiam A." ' " » ' Christie, James H., 3d sergt.* ' Campbell, John W., 4thcorp.* ^ ' s Cook, Samuel, 5th corp." ' ' Christy, Henlen P.* ' » Campbell, Milton.' '» ^^ Campbell, Ira.* ^ Cannon, John. Campbell, John S.* ^ f 9 . Dobson, Jonathan.' i° Donaldson, James." ' Eba, George W., 3d corp.» * > ' s Edgar, Henry J.* a ' e e Eshenbaugh, John.""* Pleeger, George W., 1st sergt." » » Pleeger, Eli S.« Pleeger, Jacob.' Graham, Joseph K.' » ' '» Grossman, Lewis.' ^ '" Hechart, Michael, 1st coip." » » Heckart, Jackson, drummer.' Hilliard, Wm. H.' Hilliard, Eli.'" ^ aied Hilliard, Washington." ' Hy skill, George.'' ' Halstead, John." » ' '» Hindman, Robt. S. Hal-lerman, Wm. J.'i>3f9« Hoffman, Edward." » Hart, Samuel." = '".'* Harper, Robt. S.»'"»'8 Henlen, John D. W.' Kelly, John T., 7th corp." a ' » Kamerer, Wm.'"^ Kautsch, Wolfgang.' " " ' Krause, Robert." ' ' ^ Kepler, Aaron C " " Kennedy, Benj. P." s Lardin, Thomas P." Lindsey, Prancis.' " a ' " « died Liverpiore, Jeremiah.' ' Milford, George W., 4th sergt." « ' Moore, Wm. E.'"3e Miller, Isaiah.'" » «'* Miller, Samuel.' » Promoted. b.G^tared. e'Through all campaigns. d Transferred to Vet. Bes. Corps, e Discharged for disabUitT*.' f Wounded in action. , g Transf. to serve unexpired term, b Discharged hon'y by Sec. of War. i Detached. k Killed in action, ' Ke-enlisted, v. v. 688 HISTORY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA EESEEVES. 3luder, John H." « Martin, Patrick G." ' Malarkey, Daniel. ■= Monnie, Frederick H.' '" Milford, James P." Martin, William, f McGill, Wm. B.^ McElvain, Reutjen." » "> e e McMurry, Samuel." s ' s 7 e McMurry,. Robert.'' " JtfcElhany, Robert.""" McCaslin, John V." » McBride, Wm. A." ' McCleary, Samuel E.' " ' McCall, Alexander.' ' e McCamey, James." ' ' '" Prior, William, 6th oorp." " 3 r 6 Pettygrew, Andrew J." ^ 9 f 10 died Patterson, Hezekiah B." Pearce, James M." ^ " ^ = Pearce, Robert 0.*"=^ Porter, James R." ^ f s died Ray, Robt. H.^o^' '» Rotlimire, George.' ^ ° Rhodes, George M." Rosenbury, John.'" s s <»- Russell, Oliver H. P." » ' " « "'"^ Russell, David H.' ^ Rinker, Wm." " = = Sutton, John H., 5th sergt.'"""'* Seaton, Amos.' ■• Shryock, Samuel P.' ' Stevenson, James H." » "' Sloan, William.' "3 Schmidt, Charles." ^ " t Shepard, James M.' " » = Say, Hamilton H." Timblm, Wm. H., 2d sergt." "» Taylor, John L.' Thompson, Wm. S.' « Thompson, James.'' " Varnum, Jacob M., fifer.« White, Alleu." Boll of company D, oommanded by Captain Jacob Baier, originally commanded by Captain 'WiUiam Stewart. William Stewart, captain." s ' « n =« James S, Kennedy, Istlieut.""^ ' Jesse Donaldson, 3d lieut.*=* Ash, Robert, sergt." Amberson, Silas, corp.'' ' Addleman, Lindley H.' ^ ° Baier, Jacob, sergt.' ^ " Boggs, James P., corp.*^^ Boggs, William. Beaty, John N." » Beggs, John.' ' '' Beers, Samuel.' ' * Beers, John, ferown, John M." Brown, Robt. J.'s Bedilion, Peter. '5'»' Barron, B. 0." Brunnermer, George. Berchtold, Joseph.' '"*"i«7 Christly, Samuel J., sergt.' ' Coleman, Wm. C, coi-p.»'*.' Campbell, David. » Canelers, John.'' ^ Corvan, John.' Cress, Daniel.'"* Cartwright, Linas.' Cleland, James M." Cornelius, Thomas J.'' ' Critchlow, Adam.'""' Critchlow, John W.' > Gorans, John.' ^ d Dunbar, John, corp.'" Deer, Jacob.' ' Dodds, William F.' ' ? Dodds, Jasper p. "> 3 died Deviney, James Q.' Elliott, John P. Fleming,- Thornton H. F17, William M.^"»' Pry, Jesse. » Frail, Michael.' = Gansz, John, sergt." Gilleland, Robert S., corp."' Graham, Daniel." ' ^ Gi-aham, D. Webster.' ^ d Graham, Daniel W.= Greves, James M." Greer, James A.^ Huselton, George W. Hare, Peter. 1 Draaesville. 2 MechanicsTllle. * Gaines' iniU. 1 New Marlcet cross roads. B Malvern hill. » Bull Enn. 7 Sonth Moantain. B Aatietam. ^ Fredericksburg. »» Gettysburff, " Bri.stoe station. 12 Mine Enu. 18 Wilderness. '«SpottsylTOmaC:H. 16 North Anna. >° Bethesda CkurcU. MUSTER EOLL OF THE ELEVENTH REGIMENT. 689 Haslett, Samuel.' Haslett, Joseph B.' » ^ Hoyt, Oscar C* Johnston, James B.*«* Johnston, Vernon.^=* Kinsell, J. Bell.' ^ «i"> Kennedy, Wm; H. H. Kennedy, Alexander.' ' • Kalb, Eckart." Lenard, James. List, William ' s Lyon, Samuel A.* ' Minnemyer, Charles, mus'n.* Moreland, Alexander. Mushrush, Benj. L. Moore, William.'' ' Moore, Joseph R.« McGaughey, George, corp." " ' McNair, Robert A.' « McKninney,' J. A." ^ McCuUough, M. F." McDonald, David, No. 1. McDonald, David, No. 5." McKnight, Joseph." ^ McCurdy, Samuel.' McNeil, Wm. R.'ediea McAleer, Bernard M. McBride, Robert E. Nixon, Alfred G., mus'n. Nixon, JohnE.f s Potts, Wilson K., 1st sergt.' Parks, Davids,"' 9 Parker, Samuel C.<' Pisor, David W. Pherson, Rober. 3.^^ Rodgers, Henderson." Rugh, Laurence." » Rosenberry, Samuel J.'^'^ Richardson, Wm.' ^ Stewart, David P., corp.' » Snow, Alfred M. Steen, David C."" Summerville,'John H.' ' '"'* Shafer, James B." Shearer, Wm. M." Smith, Samuel T.« Sinnott, Wm." « ■ ' Shank, Andrew. Silvers, Mathias." ' Stevenson, Benj.' * ' Teets, Albert. Thompson, Robt. W. Thompson, Robt. G. Woods, John O. H., corp.« ' '• Williamson, Hugh." Woods, William.^'** Weber, George." ' ^ » young, George."' Umter-oat Boll of company E, commanded \>j Captain Daniel B. Coder, originall; commanded by Captain Natlianiel Nesbitt Daniel R. Coder, captain." " BeU, John P.' » Brink, John. Carroll, Robert B., musician.' " Corlisle, William.' '^ Doran, John C, sergt.* " Elder, Joseph W. Ewing, John M.' ' Eakman, Joseph B. Eshbauch, Henry. , Gray, Joshua L.° Harrold, Lemuel C." Herring, Charles W., 1st sergt.* Kimple, Jacob." Lyons, William H., sergt.* • Means, Edward T., sergt.' ' • Maken, Robert.'^" Miller, Alexander." Miller, George W. McGinley, James W., Corp.* " McKeen, Robert." Moses, Thomas J.' 6 i> is Myers, John C ^ Maguire, James S.'' Marsh, Uriah.' ^ Marshall, James J.' * Park, Robert A.' » Spires, Daniel S." IJncapher, John, sergt.* Dise?Mrged. Barkley, John C Bell, William H. H., musician.' • Clawson, Jonathan M.''' Doran, Martin. » Promoted b Captured. c Through all campaigna. i To Vet. EeserTO Corps. • Disability. f Wounded in action. e To serve anexpired term. h Honorably, by Sec'y of War. 44 1 Detached. k Killed ia action. t By re-enLlatmeat, v. ^ 690 HISTORY OF THK PENNSYLVANIA BESEEVES. English, James M.' ' Groft, Joshua A."^'"^'^ Gwinner, George C Gourley, James.' . Garris, Samuel M." Gordon, Robert.' ^ Hughes, Nicholas P." Libengood, Jacob." McPhiling, William.' McCormick, Nelson.' McCullough, Andrew W.' McElhenny, George R.' McKelvey, John N.' » ' Morehead, James S.' Meanor, James E.' Means, John N.' Marshall, James C, sergt." Marshall, Theodore L., sergt." ' ^ Pehel, Jacob.' Sackett, Harrison D.' Shields, Samuel M.« » Shearer, James M.' Smith, John W.' Simson, James.' Spires, Samuel, corp.' West, Ira G.' "'■^ ' Richard M. Burkman, lieut.* ' Hugh A. Torrance, 2d lieut.' ' » • Butterfield.» ' ' Cummiskey, John P. R., sergt." ' ' Coon, Samuel H., corp.»' Conner, William .« Coleman, Michael.8 Cramer, Thompson.' ' « Dunlop, GillisD.'se Davis, Samuel W.' Eshelman, Abraham.^ Fritz, James J., corp.» ° ' Ferguson, Augustus H.''sni»" GriflBn, David.e Moore, Norman L.* McCall, Robert A., corp.'" * Rugh, John C, corp.' '" » ' Russell, Samuel. ' ' « Sloan,- Josiah.« Scott, Oliver H.'s* Snowden, John P.« Hied. Nathaniel Nesbitt, captain.' ' Brown, James M.' < Carson, Thomas." ^ Cathcart, Robert W." Canada, Alfred.' ^ Doak, William H. H.» » Dunkle John.'se Ewing, Boyd E.' Ewing, William T.« Edwards, Solomon S." = Eldrick, William H. H.' ' ' Ferguson, Scott M." ^ Foy, William C » Hart, John D." o Hatch, Salathiel." s Hazlett, James L., sergt.'" Jenkins, Thomas J.' ^ * ' McLain, Samuel A." * McParland, Gavin M." » McFarland, Lewis.* » McFarland, James L., corp.» * ' Mangan, William H.' Marshall, William S.'» McCausland, WiUiam E.' » " McPhiling, John." « Mitchell, Andrew R.* » McGinley, David.' Maguire, Robert, corp." * * Nesbitt, George K., corp.' Rankin, Archibald C."* Riddle, Cornelius B." » Short, James A." ' Simpson, James N.' ' Suter, Robert P.' Watkins, George.' Wiley, Armstrong A.' ' * » Deserted. Wallace, FranCe. Boll of company F, commanded ly Captain James A. Hayden, originally commaiided by Captain Everard Breier. Everard Breier, captain.* s ' 7 « Peter A. Johns, 1st lieut.» ' John W. Deford, 3d lieut.' "b""' «"" Abraham, Wm. H.*"^ 1 Dranesville. 9 Jilechanicsville. s Gaines* mill. 4 Nov Mai-ket cross roads. 6 Malvern hill. 6 Ball Kun. 7 South Mountain. 8 Antiebam. Fredericksburg. 10 Gettyabttrg. 11 Bristoe station, u Mine Euu. 13 Wilderness. "SpottsylvaaiaC.H. 15 North Anna. 1° Bethesda Choich. MUSTER BOLL OF THE ELEVENTH REGIMENT. 691 Abraliam, Ethelbert H.' Anderson, George W. Austin, Wm. H.'' 3 » BeU, Galord.* » ' Bixler, Theodore.* » "> 9 Bute, James M.' « « Berry, William. Bell, Robert." » " > Bryerly, Thomas." Bryerlev, Franklin. Beatty,"johnH.»8« Craner, Henry." Couganour, George W., musician." Childs, Samuel. Claggett, Daniel L.* ^ « Crusen, John.'' Coie, Arthur.' ' Downer, George W., sergt.* ^ » ■> Deford, Daniel, corp.' ■■s"'"' "t" Dunn, Robert G., corp-i^'"^ Deusen, Balser H." Douyar, Patrick.'' » ' « Delphey, George.'' Farr, John W., musician.^'"* Freeman, John F.'' » "■ 9 I'm* Fisher, Joseph H.' » Firestone, Asa.**"* Fraser, William.'' ' Gorley, Alfred M., 1st corp." « Graham, John.'' "T Hopwood, Thos. H., lat sgt."" * "^v Hayden, .James A., corp." '' * Hook, Wm. R. K., corp.* ^ " Hacket, Simpson W.f »««• Harvey, Robert M.* ' Hiles, Andrew.' ' " Hiles, William." » ' ' Hulfin, Lawrence.'' ' " *■"* Holliday, Robert." a Hostetler, Aaron. Keaforen, John M.' ' • Kremer, George W."' ' » • Jackson, Thomas. Lowry, Andrew J^.'' * ^^ MiUer, Albert.* ^ Morgan, Patrick.* ^ ' » • Martin, Barney. Miller, Thomas F.* » ■ Miller, Isaac F." » Marshall, Joseph C • McKeam, John F.* ^ " McKearns, James R. P.' ''soai oorpo McGinnis, John W." '^ McNemey, Timothy.' o « McCloy, John." » " ' McGee, William F. Nickelson, Lacy H." ^ ." Kickelson, Andrew." ' Nickelson, John.* * " ' O' Riley, John." Prettyman, Jacob." Phillips, Elijah W." ■ Quay, William. Rogers, Alexander J., sergt." '" ' Robbins, Ephraim W., sergt.^'^* Rossell, Henry P." s Rosscll, Joseph." ' " Rockwell, John P." » Roney, William A. Ritchey, Hiram.* ' <■ "• Robbins, Maddison.'* ' Ritchey, Malachi.* s ■> Sutton, Philip, sergt.* » ' 7 9 » h Smouse, Daniel T., corp." * s * Sturgis, Samuel D., corp." ' * Shai-pneck, Ellis B." Springer, William F.f * s a Seniff, David.'* ' ' araiiery Sickles, George H.* Struck, Carey.'''"* Swank, Joseph.' * a f w o i Shoup, John.* Shoup, Daniel F.* ' * Shaw, Joseph.* ' Suttle, Jacob.'""* Smith, Daniel P. Shellenberger, John H.* ' Strickler, John W.* ' Suttle, Thomas J. Sutton, Reuben A. Tibbs, Eugenius.* * Vaindell, Henry.' 9 " Victor, Frederick." Wilson, John.* ' Wimer, Benj. F.* » Whaley, Thomas B.' " ' * > ' Whaley, Henry.* ' « Touler, Jeremiah, corp."'"* Youler, Franklin.' » " ' Yates, James H.* * Yates, William." » Promoted. b Captured. c^Throagh aU campaigns. d Transferred to Ye'' Kes. Corps. fl Discharged for disability. t Wonnded in action. g Transf. to Ferve unexpired term. h Discharged hon'7 by Sec. of War. I Detached. b Killed in action, 1 Be^enlisted, y. Ti 692 HISTOKY OF THK PENNSYLVANIA BESEEVKS. Mnster-ont Eoll of company &, commanded by Captain James H. Mills, formerly bj; Captain James P. Speer, originally commanded by Captain Samuel M. Jackson. James H. Mills, captain." " John T. Jackson, Ist lieut." * »"> « Alexander, David D. P., mus'n. Armstrong, Robert G.""" Arnold, James D. Beaty, Robert. Bumton, James M.* * ' ■« Cups, William D.f" Duffleld, Calvin." ^ Faulk, David K."" t^'otA, William J., 1st sergt.* ' '" " oack, Daniel, sefgt.'* ' Kunkle, John S." ' " Klingensmith, Adam. Klingensmith, Henry. Maguire, Samuel, sergt.">* • Marsh, Frederick P." » " Mcllwain, James X.' Nolder, John.' " ' Patterson, James A.' " Potter, Samuel L.' """5 Shaner, Levi, corp." "" ' Scott, John W.''«"» Stuart, David G. Troute, Henry C, sergt.' Toomey, John.""'* Young, James M.' Joseph F. Cline, 1st lieut.' "^^^ Anderson, Andrew J.' ° Bovard, Charles.' . Brown, Johnston W.' Colver, Jacob H.= Coulter, Thomas B.'T Fulton, Henry S. P.^^'t Gamble, John M.'",' Hunter, Robt. W., corp.' Huey, Samuel.* ' Ivory, Andrew.* ' ' ' Lieblany, William N.T' Mahaffey, Andw. G., 1st sergt." ' ' Maguire, George W., corp.' "> ' • Mann, David R. P."" Ogden, Thomas.'' Speer, John A., sergt." " Withington, William H.' >" ' » Zimmerman, Amos L.= Zimmerman, Charles L. JVansf&rred. Samuel M. Jackson, captain." " James P. Speer, captain." "> » ' » Artman, James J.u a f «> » a Artman, William, corp." ' » » ' » s « Bovard, Joseph O •• Cline, William F." » ' Duff, JohnR."" Edgar, John S." ' > Forbs, Hugh F., musician.' Fuller, John A." ^ ' Fry, George.' ' * Hawk, David A." ^ t 6 l reeular. Jack, John."-'*"'"^ Maguire, Robert R.* ' = ' Maguire, James N.' •> » ' '<> « ' .Ruttier, William.""' Scott, William D.* « ' "> " Sweeney, Charles.'' ' ° ' Taylor, David L." ' Vantine, Abram K., sergt." '• ' » Williamson, Alvin J.' ' " William, Joseph D." ' Withington, A. W." » ' " '^"'^ Died. Walter F. Jackson, 3d lieut." "' * ' Anderson, Alonzo.'' ' " Beabout, James A."" * ' ^ Bently, Frank.** Carney, Johnson." Crofut, Chas. M." » Cunningham, William B.'" Foster, James.* ' " Gourley, George S., sergt.? * i"" > Gallagher, Groves." a o n m Harper, Washington." Harrell, William W." James, Thomas.'' "^ ' Jack, Richard P., sergt." ' Jack, George E.'* 9 Johnson, James, sergt." '> ' * ' Marsh, George I. '.'■ ' Maguire, Wash-ngton.'' * Rutter, James."" 9 Stewart, Samuel T., 1st sergt." '' ' Shearer, John A., corp.= ' Sarver, Labannah.' ' I Draneaville. s MocbanjcsviUe. 8 Gaines' mill. * N«w Market cross roads. 6 Malvern hill. 6 Ball Run. 7 South Mountain, s Antietam. 9 Fredericksburg. 10 Gettysburg. U Bristoe station. 10 Mine Ron. 13 Wilderness. 14 Spottsylvania C.H. 1& North Anaa: 1° Bethesda Church. MT7STEK ROLL OF THE ELEVENTH REGIMENT. 693 Shaner, Peter.* » Shaner, Simon P.» Whitlinger, Benj. F.?" » * 7 Tounj?, Thomas, corp.«'» Young, "Wallace "W." » Young, Henry." ™ rmiroiuj Roll of company H, commanded ly Captain Elwood J. Keenan, formerly commanded by Captain Lewis A. Johnson, origina,lly by Captain Daniel Zistler, Jr. Daniel Kistler, Jr., captain.' s aiea Edward J. Keenan, 1st It.' ^'P'"' ""p' Lewis A. Jolmson, 2d It.^sfs fbgae AUshonse, Amos, lstcoip."''"'p'i'<»i Armstrong, Andrew J.b a f b s b' lo Avery, John L." * Amalong, Daniel,' "■ Ashbaugh, George. Bannister, Thomas. B'.ackson, David W.* " « ' «> » ii'»i Bommer, .Tohn.* s f s died Bowers, John C.'"' ° Bell, John.' Baughman, Levi.* ' Brantenberg, Joseph. Camahan, M. F., 8th corp."* ^ « Clark, William J.^ Collins, William S." » ' « « Crawford, Samuel A."' * Ganders, Marcus A.' Carr, Daniel.""" Collins, Willis.* Dever, John S., 7th corp.« Dunn, Henry. •> » ' "o « Dunham, Baniey.' ' * Dunn, George B.' ^ Dunn, James. ^'=^ Earhart, 8. F., 6th corp.' " ' Earnest, Jacob."" ' ° Fraas, George's' lod Fry, Francis." ' ' Fultor., James A.* ' • '■"" ' '" "^'bom Ghmt, Josiah, 5th corp.* ' G:nter, Gideon Q.' Graff, Leonard." Hanlin, Patrick J., 1st sergt.'» ^ Hubbs, C. Edw.,4thsergt.'''''«"°'^ Haley, Francis.' ' " ' Hammitt, Isaac N." ' Hay, John." ^ibsm^ Hebrank, Magnus." » House, Josiah.*'** Hoxar, H. D. Huff, Adam." » ' Haverstick, John S." ' • Haaf, Vincent." ' » Herbert, Christopher." ' • Henderson, Christopher."'"' Heckenbaugh, Theodore." ' ° Jones, William.' ""^ Job, Alpheus W.'" ' * " Kline, Reuben, 5th sergt." Kern, Andrew.' " ' " Lose, Cyrus J., 4th corp.*!** Loughner, Jared, fifer." ' Loor, John M., drummer.* * Lane, Jeremiah." « <= Lochman, A 3am." ' = Linsibigler, David.*"* Loughner, Aaron.'" ' Loughner, Eliphas."^"' Mallon, Christopher." Miller, John, No. 1." » « Miller, John, No. 3." » Miller, Joseph M." » « ' Miller, Joseph W." " ' *'"* Millock, Joseph." ' " ' Morgan, James W." ^ " ' Minster, John." ' « » Marts, Daniel K."3" l^ers, Abraham.' " MtWilliams, Jas., 3d corp." ' » "»'* McCall, Cyrus. McClintock, James P." » " ' O'Neil, Alford-fS'"' O'Donnell, James. Reed, Samuel M., 3d sergt. » '""s""" Rankin, Cyru^ H., 3d sergt." * ' Reed, John H., 3d corp." s '9 *'»» Ralston, Lot." Sauntman, William." ' " Shetler, Solomon." ' Smidt, Gustave. Shenefelt, John."'" Spindler, George." ' " ' Stone, Henry C."'"' Smith, Tliomas A " " » " Steinberg, John E." ' ° » Promoted. b Captured. e TbroaKfa *'I campaisrns. d Transferred to Vet. Kes. Corps. e Discharged for disability. f WouQded in action. E TranBf. to serve unexpired torra. fa Discharged hon'y by Sec. of War. i Detached. k Killed in action. I Re-enlisted, v. t. 694 BISTORT OF THE PENNSYLVANIA KESEEYES. Btyer, Joseph.* « • Tomlins, John." " * » Theile, Anthony. Walb, Leonidas 0." » ° West, Robert A." > Woods, William J.a i> a ' f la Weil, Conrad.' » ' Young, George W:' Young, Henry E."> » " Young, Stephen B." ^ " " Boll of oompsmy I, commanded by Captain Eli Wangaman,- originally commanded by Captain Tbomas H, Spires- Thomas H. Spires, captain.'^'e°=* Eli Waugaman, 1st lieut.' " Bavid Berry, 2d lient.' " Adams, Jacob." Amend, Henry R.° Anderson, Joseph A." Anderson, William H.^=* Baird, George W., 5th sergt." Brown, Mitchell K." » Bittner, Amos.' Bruce, Alexander. Brandon, John.'' a Briney, Simou P.' Brannigan, Patrick. Cunningham, Clark." Cruise, Francis. CummingSj Isaac.' " Curry, Wa.shington.'' Crusan, Thomas H.' Davis, Washington, 5th corp.' Davis, Joseph D., 3d sergt.'' Detrich, James. Dell, Jacob. Dickey, Samuel. ° Davis, Samuel W.° Devinny, Peter." Eakman, Cyrus. Everheart, Alexander. riickinger, John A.' "sia™ Graham, Thomas." Graham, Paul F.« Gray, Israel." Gray, William A." Griffith, George W.'""* Grumbling, John." " Glessner, Jacob. Gochenaur, John." Hill, John A., 2d sergt." ^ « Higgins, William, 8th corp.* Harkins, Henry A., 4th corp." Harkins, Daniel." Hashman, Cornelius." Henderson, Joseph. Hendricks, John A." / Hotham, William. Hamilton, William I.' Hamilton, William S." Hamerly, Frank."" Hammond, Robert." Hamerly, John." " Hosack, William. Harkins, William." Ingle, John.^'"^ Jenkins, David, 2d ccfrp." Jenkins, Lemuel." " Jellison, George." " Jellison, Mathew.""* Kinkead, David, 4th sergt." King, John. Kuhn, John L.° Kulm, James. ' ""'J' Kyle, William C. Kelly, William." » Kirkland, William." » Kirkland, Joseph." * Keppe, George. Layton, John C. Layton, Thomas S. Layton, Timothy C." Lowman, William B." Murray, William A." Martin, Andrew J., 1st corp.*""* Mundorff, Henry. Moreland, John M. McCormick, George W." McClarren, William." McMasters, James W. " McNulty, Rob Roy." McHenry, James." McCurdy, John M." McBride, James. McDowell, Benjamin. Murray, Samuel." Mundshower, Huston." 1 Branosville. s Mechacitisville. * Gaines' mill. * New Market cross roads. fi Malvern hill, « Bull Kun. 7 South Mountain. 8 Antietam. 5 Fredericksburg. I'J Gettysburg. 11 Bristoe station. 13 Mine Kun. 13 Wilderness. "SpottsylvaniaC.H 16 North Auni. le Bethesda Church. MUSTEB-OUT ROLL OF THE ELEVENTH REGIMENT. 695 McGmre, Edward, 6th corn « Pike, "William, 7tU corp.« Palmer, Absalom. « Robinson, William." Rugh, Walter. Reed, James.'" » Reed, David.'' ^ Robinson, James.^ Rutherford, Thomas S '^ Rife, William D.= Spires, William, 3d corp. Spires, Lawson. Sides, Joseph.'' Stogden, Samuel." Sloan, James. ° Stump, Adam. Stump, Joseph." Suman, John. Toal, William A." Uncapher, Amos. Venerable, John. Vanhorn, Alexander.'' ' Wright, James." Wilkens, John.'^"' Waterman, Israel W.' «p'1«" Wagle, William." Wynn, James R. Walkinshaw, Jona'n D., 1st sgt.' EoU of company K, oommaadea by Captain Edward Soofield, fomeily oommanded ty Captain James P. George, originally by Captain Evans E. Brady.' Evans R. Brady, captain. » 3 ' ? James P. George, 1st lieut.» "^isos^ James E. Long, 2d lieut.''"='«°»' Alt, John H » 3 Algo, William G." Alexander, Samuel.'' » Butler, Cyrus, 1st sergt.'''S"'^'S""^ Bish, Elijah.' 3 » Baker, John." Briggs, Martin V." Blair, James A."" ^ Boyiugton, Miron L.'' 3 Brower, Albert L.'^^ Bovard, Joseph S.'' ^ Bryant, MiloL." Cochran, Alpheus. Coulter, William.^** Chamberlin, William.'' ' Cornell, Enos A." » Carly, Job M." 3 Carr, John W." ^ " Clower, Harvey H.» Clark, Willfam.' « Cathcart, William." « Cuddy, John. Cresswell, Jackson.^"* Cravener, Jesse." Dobbs, Lemuel D., corp.'' ' ' ""Tairy Donley, Samuel.'' '^ Dehaven, Davis.'' ' Davis, Orthaniel E. Elliott, James, corp.'' ' »•* Eisle, William." » Engle, John. '3 Fitzgerald, Solomon.' » Poster, Perry A." ^ ' lo Gibson, Joseph 0. Gordon, Samuel A. Galbreath, Calvin." ' Gallagher, James.'""'' Gruver, Leonard A.' '" Haven, Clark B.' ^ Hare, Andrew J., sergt.'' Hoflfman, William.' » Haugh, Benevell." Hughes, Thomas.'"'^ Itte^l, George." Johnston, William A." Jones, Joshua, corp ° Kelly, William." a Kirkman, Edward G." ° Knapp, William D. Lowan, David P. K., corp." ^ ' » Love, Thomas E.' » ^ Loomis, William P. Lucas, Thomas A." Miller, John H., corp." a Miller, Joseph P., corp. Morey, Horatio.' ' Morrison, William." Minor, Orvil T." ' Mills, William J. Myers, James H. jyiontgomery, James, i" ' Montgomery John A."* ' Mouks, Israel G.''^ Miles, Samuel W. McCrea, Thomas P., sergt." " ' " » Promoted. e Discharged for disability. i Detached. b Gapcured. f Wounded in action. 1e KilLed in action, c Through all campaigns. g Transf. to serve unexpired term. I Ke-eiilisted, v. y. d Transferred to Vet. Kes. Corps, b Discharged hon'y by Sec. of War. HISTORY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA RESRVE3. McKillip, Arch. W., sergt." ^ " * McKillip, Hamilton W.'" f' » McKillip, James PI. McOlellan, Benjamin. McAnulty, John D. S.^»* McKinley, Sylvester.'""'* McMillen, John.'' McGuire, John A.' McFadden, Levi.*'=* Nolf, Thomas.' Neal, Thomas.' 3 Newberry, Louis.'' ' Oswandel, William W.' ^ "■ Perrin, Albert W.' '» Phillips, Eli." 8 Reigle, Henry A." ' Robison, John J.* ' Ramsey, R. Wilson." Rock, Thomas." » Reigle, David J.= Rush, Thomas P." » Steel, William.' ^ Sugards, Moses M." '^ Sv^arts, Daniel L., sergt." Scofleld, Edward, corp." Sallada, Thomas W." Shillenberger, John W.' ' Shiek, George." ' Surdam, George." » Skinner, Loran." ' Skinner, Giles. '^»» Sheesley, John.^"^ Steel, Simuel. Slack, George.' Smith, Joseph.' » Taylor, Winfield S.'' » Travis, Maddison.'' ' Uplinger, John, corp." ^ *'"* Wilson, Robort M. Wise, Levi B." ' Williams, James L.' ^ * WiUiams, Robert.' Wever, Reubin."''* Welch, Perry A." ^ Wesley, Thomas.' Ward, George R.* ^ Wiant, Allen C." » Wayley, Andrew.' ' ' Muster-ont Eoll of the Twelftli regiment, P. E. 0., commanded by Colonel Martin D. Hardin, originally commanded by Colonel John H, Taggart, Called into service on the 10th day of August, 1861 i mustered out on the Uth day of June, 1864. Eoll of Pield and Staff Officers. Martin D. Hardin, colonel. » ' ^ Richard Gustin, lieut.-col.» ' Charles W. Diven, major." Isaac J. Clark, major and surg'n.* ° Henry A. Grim, asst. surg.» David R. Beaver, asst. suvg.» Theo. McMurtrie, Istlieut, adj.' »* James T. Woodall, 1st It., qu. mr.» Non-commissioned Staff. James Loan, quarterm'r sergt. John Evans, hosp. steward. Henry Kraft, com. sergt." John C. Eokert, chief mus'n. Discha/rged. John H. Taggart, colonel. '■'^8»ea Daniel N. Bailey, lieut.-col." Peter Baldy, lieut.-col.'' William H. Thorn, maj., surg.» James B. Crawford, asst. snrg.' James M. Sherer, asst. surg.' Eliene D. Read, Ist lieut., qu. mr.' William Taylor, asst. surg."''s"'* Obadiah H. Miller, chaplain. '"'8°'* William Myers, sergt. major." Chas. W. Croasdale, qu. mr. sgt." Transferred. John W. Eckley, sergt. major." ' J DranesTiUe. - MechanicsTiUe. 3 Gaines' mill. 4 Plew Market cross roads. 6 Malvern hill. 8 Ball Eun. 7 South Mountaia. 8 Antietam. 9 Fredericksburg. 10 Gettysburg. 11 Bristoe station. 13 Mine Run. 13 Wilderness. "SpottsylvanlaC.H. 16 North Anna. 1° Bethesda Gharch. MUSTEB-OUT BOLL OF THE TWELFTH BEGIMENT. 697 EoU of company A, oommandea by Captain Prank Daniels, originally commanded ly Captain John H. Taggart, Franklin Daniels, captain." ' * Charles Tliomson, 1st lieut." Charles W. Croasdale, 1st lieut • Frank Quantin, 2d lleut." Boyd, John.» Bridges, Robert C. Blair, Joseph. « Curren, John.* Downing, Thomas, corp." Gillan, Michael J.' 's Gumpper, George F.* Goshart, John E."" ^ » Hench, Nicholas J." ' Hanky, George A. Hyneman, Alfred.' " Jelferies, Joseph. Killingsworth, Joseph W., sergt.' ^ Kelly, John, corp." ' '« Louderback, Matthias.,, corp.' s Lo-wther, ■William L. Macky, Ellis.' ^ McCartey, Daniel.' '3 Rowlelt, John T., corp." Toomcy, Ezra.'^ ' Turnbull, James." White, Thomas. » » Williams, Thomas R." Woods, Peter. Wallace, John. Zeigler, WiUiam P.' Henry B. Whisner, captain. Lafayette Palmer, 1st lieut.' •• George W. Montony, 2d heut. Joseph B. Vallie, 2d lieut. Allen, James M., sergt.' ^ " ' Bamitz, George M.' Beech, Ebenezer." Brown, Benjamin P.' Cooper, Johii C, coip.« Cooper, Samuel L.= Cochran, Benjamin P.' Cunningham, James J." Cunningham, James C Callahan, Anderson. = Dougherty, Charles, sergt." Duddy, Robert." Duddy, Henry." Dollaway, John." Ellis, William H., sergt." Elliott, Andrew." Ellingsworth, Joseph.' Pinley, Moses." Fleming, George W. P.' Pry, Joseph S." Hoover, John." Hall, Noell J.' ^ i Hankins, Charles G.' Haney, Peter.' Kane, Daniel V.' Lane, Stanley.''" Lawrence, Henry.' Middeekauff, Luther D., sergt.' Mellott, Stephen.' Marshall, Robert E." Maguire, John M." Moore, George S." McDonald, Alexander, corp." ' McCraigue, Samuel." Pajme, Heary B., 1st sergt.' ^ < Pannett, Headley, corp." Price, Daniel.' Quaiu, William." Rowlett, William H." Ross, John M.' Simon, Samuel W., sergt." Smith, Francis A." Sharp, George W.' Starr, Patrick." Sweger, Joshua.' Valiant, Charles." Walker, William.' Walson, Joseph." ' White, James E." Weber, John.' AUbright, William, corp." * Allen, Jesse K.' Boyer, John.' a Promoted. b Captured. c Through all campaigns. d To Vet. Beserve Corps. e Disability. f Woauded in action. g To serve unexpired term. h Honorably, by Sec'y of War, I Detached. k Killed in action. 1 By re^enliatmeat, T. T. 698 HISTORY OF THE PEN'NSYLVANIA EESEEVE3. Edwards, Edward E.* Moyer, Jacob E.' McManomy, Heniy. Palmer, Lafayette.* Kyan, John.' Bwenson, August.' Wilson, Thomas.' Williams, David.' Yamall, Benjamin.' •'"^ Yates, Washington.' '"'^ Died. Odenheimer, Daniel 0., corp.'' ' Arndt, Leander." ^ Allison, James.'' ^ Carr, Richard A.'' '' Fry, William A." Hench, Frank H." '" Hacking, Henry.'' * Lamb, Edward.^ Leach, WiJliam A." ' Montony, George W.''* Pclkinglon, Wilson R '" Short, John." « Traytbrd, Robert." Deserted. Brady, Thomas. Collins, Peter. Daugherty, Charles, Jr., musician. Davison, William H. Doane, William. Jones,.Thomas. Mead, William A. Miller, John A. Malmesburg, Joseph A. Miles, Richard A. Morris, George M. Strohman, Edward. Soil of company B, oommajided by Oaptain Simon H, 'Biiggs, oiiginally commanded by Captain James S, Harding. Simon H. Briggs, captain.' " John F. Hoadley, 1st lieut." " Philetus H. Reynolds, 3d lieut." Arnold, Christian L.° Armstron, Lander V. Bennigar, Chauncy C* Benjamin, Oscar H., sergt." Corby, Harvey." Davis, John H." Delenger, Joseph. Davis, Thomas. Eckart, Christian C, musician. Freeman, Lyman J." Freeman, Sydney. House, Edward. Hoadley, Jasper." Johnston, Puller A Langley, William. Morgan, Martin. Moore, George, sergt." " Moyer, Milton, oorp.' " Miller, Lewis C., musician. Moore, Calvin. McCord, John.' * Osterhout, Thomas J. Ross, Rensellaer." Reynolds, Worden, musician. Reynolds, Jeremiah C., corp * Reynolds, Martin N., 1st sergt.' Shotwell, Jacob R. Smeed, Cyrus H. Sly, John." Stark, William E. Shumber, Daniel. Shingler, John, corp." ° WoodSj Thomas C. Wilbur, Almuda.' """"'y Wendall, Sanford. Wintamute, Aaron H., corp.» Hesigned. David N. Matherson, captain. James B. Harding, 1st lieut. Arthur M. Phillips, 2d lieut. DiscJiarged. Andrews, William." ' Arnold, Samuel." Aumick, Silas." Barber, Warren.' Blakeslee, Robert." Bebee, Alonzo H." ^ Drauesville. ^ MechanicsvIUe. ^ Oaines' 'iniU, * New Market cross roads. 6 Malvern Mil. 6 Bull Eun. 7 Sottth Mountain. 6 Antletam. • Fredericksburg. 10 Gettysburg. 11 Bristoe station, 1' Mine Bun. 15 Wilderness. 1* Spottsylvania C.H. 16 Hortb Anna. i« Bethesda Church. MUSTER-OUT EOLL OF THE TWELFTH REGIMENT. 699 Croupe, "William." Dymond, Eliliu.« Evans, Isaiah." Ely, Andrew F., sergt." risk, Squires.^ Fetzer, George, corp.« Gillispie, James.' Gannon, Patrick." Harding, Merrit S., corp.f Harvey, Charles F." Hinkley, Frederick." Hadsal, Albert." Hinkley, Oran." Hastings, James C.° ' Johnston, Charles, sergt.' Leppo, Francis J.» Labarr, George." Lathrop, Francis J." Linthurst, James F." Lirch, David R.' MuUison, John H.' Moyer, Miner.' Parker, Mason, sergt." Rageon, Alexander." Raudenbush, Jesse." Squires, Porter, corp." Schooley, Sidney." Sanders, William H." Snyder, John H." ' Sprague, Norman." ' Thompson, George K." Thompson, Wilham." Taylor, James." Toomey, Morris.' Wright, Orland." Wilson, James.' Transferred. Bonno, John.' Card, Charles L.' "^i""^ Cook, Asher.s Eckart, John C. Fox, William.' "™°7 Fisk, James B.k Hastings, William.* Hastings, Johu.s Herbert, James N.« Jones, James.'' Jaquis, John H.s Knowles, Levi B., corp.' "«™"^ Luckey, Theodore H.e McSherer, Reuben.' ""uerr Moyer, John.s Parker, Mason, e Shaffer, James, s Sprague, Floyd F.s Sprague, Joseph B.s Stansburrey, Truxton S.' Searle, Roger S.s Say lor, Perrer L.s Tiffaney, Harvey.e Wageoner, George W.' ""^iU'iT Died. Bailey, James." Barrish, Warren." Crawford, Absalom.' ' Banner, Samuel A., sergt." Dressier, John.'* Dean, Henry W.' ' Gardner, Edwin J." Hess, Joseph.' '■' Hedden, James.'* Keeney, James C, corp." Meeker, Charles A., seigt.' Morgan, Alexander, corp." Moyer, Jacob." Mamard, Jacob.'* Potter, Marvin.'* Stonier, Wilham." Stoey, William." Stager, William.' « Thompson, Charles A." Wiesemiller, Conrad." Missing in Action. Patrick, Harrison." Deserted. May, Thomas. Noel, Harrison. Puckner, Fred. K. Roan, Patrick. Terrey, Charles. Vaannauker, Edwards. Waugh, Frederick. Wandall, Sanford. A Promoted. b Captured. c Through all campaigns. 4 To Vet. Reserve Corps. e Disability. f Wonnded in action. ff To serve unexpired term. li Honorably, by Secy of War. i Detached. ^ Killed in action- 1 By re-enlistmeut, v. v. 700 HISTORY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA EESEEVES. EoU of company 0, oommaiided by Captain Henry S. Lncaa, formerly commanded >/ Captain Eichaid Gostin. Henry S. Lucas, captain.*" « ' s » « Daniel R. Jewell, 1st lieut." » • John G. Rolin, 2d lieut." " Adams, Frank."" ■> * Bryan, Samuel, coip.' ' " Borden, George S. Black, Duncan." Bryan, David.' * ° Bentzel, William H.' s k 9 c Bossingef, Jolm. Benedict, Edwin D.f >" « Coryatt, William A.<" Caless, John T. Comfort, George D.' ' Douglass, Lyman, sergt."" Foster, Ellis A., sergt.' « " Fenton, Horace.' ^ " Fenton, Edgar S." Garrison, John W.' ^ * Hardy, William. Harris, John H. Holly, Isaac's Haines, John. Hockersmith, Jacob. Jacobs, Robert E., musician.'" King, Wilde E., 1st sergt. Kuh, William." Kent, Lester O." McDougal, William.* Peters, James." Patten, John."" ° Pardee, George M."" ' ° Russell, William.* Rice, William A. Snow, John H., corp." " " Smith, Eugene. Stnrdivant, James. Suell, Edmond W.'T Shillenn, Thomas T.>" ^ " Woods, Richard. ■* Wiant, Prisby T.* Witmer, Henry D.'' Wright, Charles K. jUischarged. Richard Gustin. captain." Jacob B. Granter, 2d lieut. '""'a""* Barnes, Miller W., corp." Barnes, Lemuel." Bush, Thomas.' ^ « Bougbton, Lewis.' ^ " Burke, James. '■ Daggett, William, sergt." Davis, Charles." Davis, Lewis." ' Fish, Prank, sergt.' ^ " Fellon, Timothy." Graves, Joshua H., sergt."" ' • Gerald, JohnP.'se Grover, Abe.'^ se Horton, Austin." Jones, William E." ' Levalley, Volney M.' Mason, George H., corp." " " Musselman, Washington.* " Myers, David." Molntyre, Prank.' Newell, Edward P." Osier, John S." Pettey, Philip." Poland, Peter W." Richardson, Henry, corp." i" Bobbins, Nelson H.' Vaugban, Herman A.' Walter, David, corp." ' Watson, George K.' Williams, Seely." Watts, Richard J."" < • Wilson, Agron." Transferred. Bailey, Joseph.' "rtaierr Chapman, Cyrus D.' '■'™^ Cunningham, Michael.' Davis, George.' artmsry Davis, Calvin L.' ""'"''y Penton, Blbridge.'^ Hummel, Peter B.' """""t Loan, James, corp." Packard, Ebin R.' """'"'7 Stewart, Daniel.' Died. Bennett, Henry H.* « Blance, Jerome.' " < >■ ' 1 Drauesville. ^ Malvern hill. 9 Fredericksburg, is Wilderness. 2 Meclifinicsville. 6 Bull Kun. lo Gettysburg. " Snottsylva,aiaC.H. 8 Gaiaea' mill, 7 Soutli Mountain. . " Bristoe station. i^ Noi th Anna. * New Market cross roads. 8 Antieeam. 12 Mine Run. w Beiliesda Cliurch. MUSTER-OUT EOLL OF THE TWELFTH REGIMENT. 701 Barnes, James.' « Cooper, Miles M.' ' , Carnochan, William.' » Davis, William. = Ford, Newton.' ' Inscho, Joseph W.' * Knox, Hemy M.' * Mason, Daniel J., corp.' ' Melott, Fi-ederick.' ' Novitckie, Anlliony.' ^ Ogara, John.' ^ Spencer, Cyrus J., corp.' » Smith, Frederick M.' Vanard, John B.' ' Williams, Abner.' * Williams, Oscar.' * Deserted. Griffln, Samuel C. Hager, Joseph. Howard, Franklin D. Laude, Augustus. Mentzel, Etenry J. Readcay, Isaac. Short, David. Koll of company D, oommanded by Captain William H. Weaver, originally commanded by Captain Samuel Wilt. William P. Weaver, captain.'" « Edward B. Snyder, 1st lieut." ' 9 c Austin, William P. Anderson, William." Brightlell, Benj., sergt." ° Brewster, Alexander. Clunghart, John.' Campbell, Daniel.* Collins, Frank. « Carroll, Frank.* Donahoe, John." Dugan, Samuel. Hock, William.' Hughes, Eichard.' Holt, John." Jones, John. Lesley, Samuel.'*' Lewis, Henry G." Long, Joseph W. Leiby, Alexander.' * ' Mills, James." ^ " Maurer, Charles. McLain, George.' ^ " McLeister, John." Quinn, John." » * Radford, Samuel.' Stevens, Edward.' »'8°»' ""^ Wehger, Monroe B., corp." " Walker, John A., corp." " " Walker, George W.' « .Winters, Jeremiah." DiscTiarfed. Samuel Wilt, captain." Thomas D. Horn, captain." Heniy Mather, 1st lieut. Baughman, Jacob R., sergt.' « » ' Bird, James." ' Bumbaugh, Isaac." Black, George F." Barnes, William H. Bates, John." Conner, Thomas.' ' ' Carpenter, David H."" » ' De Wolf, John A." ' Detrick, Charles. i" ' " ' Flemming, Richard, corp." Prankhouser, Christian.' Good, John, corp." Garman, George." Garman, Henry." Gamer, Adam.' Hensler, Peter." Hicks, John.' ^ ' Irlam, John, corp." Karnes, John." Lyons, Edward.' Miller, George." ' Mann, Francis P.' Murphy, John." Niedig, Robert, 1st sergt." " ' Peacock, William R., sergt." ° ' Quenzler, Valentine.'' ' ' Reinert, John, corp.'' ■• " ' Spickler, Charles, musician." Spaulding, Theodore 8." Shoemaker, George." Strouser, Adam." a Promoted b Captured. c ThroQgb all campaigns. * To Vet. Keserve Corps. e Disability. f Wounded in action. g To serve unexpired term. h Honorably, by Sec'y of War. i Detached. ]£ Killed in action. I By re-enli.stmenC, t. i 702 HISTORY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA EESERV^S. "Woodall, Charles.' Weaver, Philip.' Weaver, Peter.' Transferred. Curtis, James.' Gurtler, George.' Hudgen, John.' "snai corps Kraft, Henry.' ° Krouse, Nicholas.' •rtmor McCabe, Hamson.' McDaniels, Samuel.' "™"' Ray, Thomas.' Reichert, Samuel.' Yohn, George.' Woodall, James.' » Woodall, William H.' "p"" ""^ Died. Allen, James M., corp.*™™"* Burk, Aaron L., corp.'' * Beatty, John." < Pulton, William.' = Garst, Samuel." 8 Gurtner, John.' '» Hopple, Henry H., Corp." » Kelly, Isaac." Lewis, Tell Michael." ' Moorhead, Christian." Miller, Edward.' McCoy, Hugh." « McCord, Thomas.' McFarland, William." i Simpson, Robert." ' Missing in Action. Marthin, John. '" Segar, Henry." Babb, John. Brubaker, Samuel. Fetterman, George. Fuller, Edward. Hall, Thomas. Kugler, George. Shaffer, James. Boll of oompany E, oonunanded by Lieutenant James 0. FaokenthaU, originally com- manded by Captain John 3, Horn. Francis Schelling, captain.' ' ^ * James C. Packenthall, 1st lieut.' Beisel, Aaron E., musician.' * Bertrand, Max. Boran, John H. Campbell, David, corporal.' » Coflln, Jatnes H., corp.' Cummlskey, James." Case, Ramsey.' ' Devine, James.' Goned, Jervis." Handwork, William F.' ' Haggerty, John.' Hummell, John H.' »«™'7 Hess, Henry, sergt.' Johnson, James, 1st sergt.' " Keller, William P., sergt.' « * Leffel, John W.° Lanter, William H.* Moyer, Jacob.' Maloy, Barney. Miller, Reuben L., sergt.' ' ' ° Nunnemacher, John.' ' Ruch, William, sergt.' ' s s " » Roseberry, Jesse.' Retzler, George.' Stein, Lewis. Sholes, Stephen.' Troxell, John P.« Tolan, Samuel, corporal.' ' ' Williams, John.' » » ' White, Robert." Resigned. John I. Horn, captain. Discharged. Edward Kelly, 1st lieut.' William Lind, 3d lieut.' Brownell, Daniel.' Bams, Robert G-° ' Beck, Laybold.'s' ' Draneaville. ^ Malvern hill. 9 Fredericksburg, is Wilderness. 2 Mechanlcsville. « Ball Ran. i« Gettysbnrs. " SpottsylvaniaC.H. 8 Gaines' mill. " South Mountain. '^ Bristoe station. ^ North Anna. * New Market cross roads. ^ Antietam. '^ Mine Bun. ^^ Bethesda Chnrch. MUSTER-OUT EOLL OF THE TWELFTH REGIMENT, 703 Eli, Daniel.'soi Frederick, William.' Hance, Theodore F., sergt." Kidd, WllUam R., 1st sergt.' 6 Kuchner, Sidney.' se Kirkendall, Josiah.' ""y Laubach, Daniel H., corp.'s Leidy, Jacob.' MuflBy, Jacob. » May, John.' " s McCormick, Thomas.' MiUer, Amandus.' Molf, Robert." Peifer, Isaac' Roth, Lewis.' 6 Shine, Patrick. "^ Surrell, Robert W.' » Sassaman, Lewis H.' Tallam, Benjamin." Troxell, Benjamin.' ' TroxeU, George.' ^ ' Traugh, WiUiam."' Schneck, Lewis.' ' Worman, John.' °»'y Transferred. Bodley, William H.' mtsiit Fisher, Adam. Joline, Warren H.k Klein, Jeremiah.s McOholas, Fort W.k Otto, Savillian.8 Oestincher, Chr'n F., corp.'' •*« "^^ Raub, William.* Reed, Calvin.' "''iis'y Seagler, Philip.s Snyder, Joseph.* Snyder, Peter S.b Traugh, Samuel, s Teehn, Charles R. Wilson, John B.e Weaver, William H.' Warner, Robert.* Wough, John.' «r™'^ Yom^ns, John.* Died. Bosler, Aaron, corp.' Custard, Charles.'' « Dice, William.' ^ DufiBn, Thomas, musician.'' ' Darhamner, George, corporal.' Ettleman, Josiah.'' * Everett, Sanders.'' ^ Graham, David H.' s Haase, Matthew.'"' Handwork, William.'' ' Kuehner, William I., corp.' Ketchledge, George, corp.'' '■< Leidy, Edward.' ■""? ' Miller, George A.'' ' Messinger, Jackson H., corp.' ' Roth, Paul." 9 Ruth, Thomas." '< Smith, Christian F.' ""s ""^ Walls, George." s Wolf, John A,, musician.' ' Missing in Action. O'Brian, Michael.' Taylor, James.' Deserted. Barros, Joseph. Buchter, Jacob M. Barry, John. Bird, Joseph. Connor, Hoffman. Eohelstein, Caspar. Fishel, PaulH. Herp, John, sergt. Hardin, William. Kimble, Edward. Pilkenton, James. Stahr, Urias. Schooley, William. Trexler, Joseph. Wise, Albert. Eoll of company F, commanded by Captain Andrew G. Oliveri Andrew G. Oliver, captain.'^ imyairy i John F. Thomas, 2d lieut." Chill A. Hazzard, 1st lieut.' ' Applegate, Vincent.' ^ ' a Promoted. b Captared. ( Throngh all campaigns. 4 Ta Vet. Ees. Corps, e Disability. ' Woanded in action. h To aerye unexpired term. s Honorably by Sec'y of War. ■ Detached. fc Killed in action. ' By re-enlisted, v. t. 104: HISTORY OF THE PENNSYLVANTIA BESEEVES. Coughenour, Daniel, corp.' Davis, James M., sergt.' Jones, William D., corp.'^' Muse, Watson, 1st sergt. Manis, Asher." McDowell, John." Neff, Ctiristoplier." Prescott, Jolm. Paden, Thomas.' «rti"«7 Russell, Robert.' 3 I" Sykes, John C, coi-p.'' ' Eesigned. John W. Krepps, 1st lieut. Thomas Linn, 1st lieut.' ' Henry D. I. Bell, 3d lieut. Axton, Robert.* Applegate, Samuel.' Bayne, Alexander, sergt.* Bayne, Hugh.= Brutaker, Jeremiah.' * ' Billett, William." ' Balwin, Jacob.' Baer, George H.« Carson, John, sergt.' CauU, James.'* Campbell, Theodore.' Collins, Samuel. ° ' Campbell, Allen.' ^ « ' Chapman, James.' Carson, Humphrey.' Dutton, John W.' Eckley, Joseph M., sergt.' Eisle, Henry.' ""'^•^ Fox, William, sergt." ' Fox, Augustus, musician.' Fox, John W.' """"''7 Foster, Finley." ' Foster, William.' 6« Gross, Abram, sergt.' Ghems, Louis.' »'^"y Hassler, Augustus, sergt.' Hoogh, Theodore.' Henderson, John.' """"7 Householder, Thomas.^ artuierj Howard, James.' Hurst, Alfred.' """"^ Kier, David.' Kyle, John.' ^ » Klinechutz, George." Kane, John.' '^•^"^ Lyons, James.' Mattox, Clifford.' Malone, John D.' Malone, Samuel.'* Malone, William.'* Murray, George.'^ McCraolus, John.' McKeloy, Adam.' ' McKeloy, Robert.' » ' McFeeley, Joseph.' Neff, Emanuel, Sr.' Neff, John.' """'■■y Neff, Emanuel, Jr.' '""*7 Oble, John.' Smith, William, musician Soles, George.' Shellock, Charles.' ' Spidal, Jacob.' ^ Sloan, Samuel.' Soles, Nelson.' Tiptra, Benjamin.' Urich, Johiu, sergt." Webste, George.' Collins, James.s Campbell, John.e Evans, George.' "f™'^ Halfin, James. 8 Jouens, Theophilus.' "rtui'T Matter, John.« McLityer, John.« Pamler, William. « Steiss, John.e Upton, John.s Died. Smith, Eben G., sergt.'' • Applegate, Eli.'* Baer, Calvin." s Campbell, George A., Corp.* ' Filmore, Joshua.'' * Hoober, John.'' * Jones, Charles.'' » Matthews, Nelson, corp.' * 1 DranesTille. i> Malvern hill. » Frederickabnrg. 18 Wildevnoss. s Mechanicsville. ^ Bull Bun. M Gettysburg. " SpottsylvauiaC.tt ' Gaines' mill. ' South Mountain. " Bristoe station. 16 North Anna, ^r^ew Market cross roads. ^Antletam. 12 Mine Bun, i^ Betheeda Charoii. MUSTEK-OUT BOLL OF THE TWELFTH REGIMENT. 705 McAndney, WiUiam.' Be»wt Honorably, by Sec'y of War. 45 i Detaclied. k Killed in action. 1 By re-enlistment^ t. t 706 HISTORY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA EESERVES. Waltemeyer, Jolm.° Wetzell, WiUiam.' Transferred. Duffleld, Jolm A.' Day, Amos.' Peltenberger, James.' Grove, Lewis.' Montgomery, Charles.' Waltemeyer, Adam.' Died. ■William W. Arnold, 1st lieut.' < Bailey, Daniel D., corp.' " Bhrman, David.' Fox, William B.' " Gable, Henry.' s Harman, Henry.' " Kenney, George.' " Laird, Washington.' " Mentzberger, William.^ Moyer, Charles.* < " McLure, James L., 1st sergt.' * Steading, George F.' Skipper, Samuel.^ Torbit, David.' Quimberg, James.' ' Wagner, Christian S., corp."' Wisser, John.' Waltemeyer, Lewis.'' '* White, Thomas H.'' Whalen, Peter. = Missing in Action. Williaras, Washington." '■* Deserted. Gardner, Moses. Ingles, Frederick. Lowe, Tolbert. Lowe, Ira E. Soil of company H, oonnnanded by Captain Samnel M. Elder, originally commanded by Captain Andrew J. Bolai. Samuel M. Elder, captain." Angus, Benjamin F. Bills, John, sergt.' ^ ' ° Brown, John H., corp."" Barr, Franklin R.' Brucken, William."" Cribbs, George G.' Cameron, John M." Carpenter, John M.' Dick, Thomas W., sergt.' ' " Dick, Thompson.' Evans, Samuel W.' Fulton, John C ^ Faloon, Joseph." Goal, James D., corp.' ^ •> ^ Grumbling, Williams. Homer, Franklin, 1st sergt.' '' ' Hart, Alexander N." Hildebruner, Japfler D."> » "* Irwin, James, sergt.' ' " Johnson, Samuel, corp.' Jenkins, William. Kerr, Andrew, corp.' Lausen, John.' ' Mardis, James. Merritt, Henry.' '^ McNutt, Samuel H., corp."< McDennal, James." McLaughlin, Michael.' Rogers, Archibald M.' ^ Bade, Bennet." Rhoads, Jeremiah H.' Stewert, Robert B.' ^ ° » Somers, William B.'s Tomb, James F." » Williams, Sanford.'' ' WOson, Abednego B. Discharged. Andrew J. Bolar, captain." "> " James T. Kelly, 1st lieut." William H. H. Kern, 1st lieut.' ^ » Altimus, William.' 2 Altimus, William W.'^ Bracken, Foster." 1 Dranesville., 2 Mechanicsville. 3 Gaiaes' mill. * New Market cross roads. 6 Malvern hill. 6 Ball Rua. 7 Soath Mountain. ^ Auttetam. 9 Fredericksburg, i" Gettysburg. 11 Bristoe station. 12 Mine Bun. 18 Wilderness. '< Spottsylvania C.H. I' North Anna. 15 Bethesda Church. MUSTER-OUT ROLL OF THE TWELFTH REGIMENT. 707 Barr, Thomas.» Barry, Valentine." ' Barry, Joseph.' Cunningham, Samuel, corp.' « Campbell, William M.' Connelly, Timothy. « Drips, Henry W. L.' Drips, Samuel W.' Evans, John, sergt.» Edlablute, Robert C.'f Ferguson, Samuel J." Ginter, David L.' « « ' Grover, Jedediah.= Gamble, William H.=' Grumbling, Jacob. « Hamilton, William, corp.' Henderson, Joseph D.« Haddan, William M." Hamlin, Isaac J.' ^ i Lardin, John C, corp.' Morehead, Mowery T., sergt.' Mintzer, Joseph.^ May, Benjamin.«- Miller, Archibald." Mintzer, Williapi.'> * " Murritls, George." Martin, Calvin.V Myers, William. » McGlaron, Samuel. ' " ' McClune, James.' Overdorff, Francis." Painter, Thomas.'* Pamter, Henry.' Robertson, George W., corp.' ' Reany, Alexander." Simpson, David." Stewart, James S." Stephens, Edward." Stouteagle, George W.' Sherman, Berdine B.' Williams, John W-' Waltemire, Henry.' Wolf, Andrew." ' Williams, Joseph. ' ^ Crossmire, John J.' Davis, Ezekiel.' Ream, William.' «' Waltemire, William.' Wetzel, William, musician.' Bracken, Watson R., sergt/ >■ * " Benson, Enoch.' s Barkley, David W." ^ Campbell, John W." Devlin, Albert S." Duncan, Andrew J.' ^ Dick, George W.' ^ Griffith, John P., sergt.' » Mintzer, Stotler.'< Martin, George.' »" '< Meredith, Steward.' '< Makin, William." s McMOlen, Alexander R.'' « Overdorff, David D.' < " » Overdorff, Harry." ■■ Reckord, William." ^st u Stunkard, Robert." Shuman, Henry.' t Sproul, Oliver." Swarts, John." '* Thomas, James E." Deserted. Hogan, Thomas. Sponeybenger, James, musician. Boll of Gompajiy I, xiommanded by Gaptais Chill Hazzaid, originally commanded by Captain James Ci Bakeii Chill Hazzard, captain." " WiUiam H. Myers, 1st lieut.» Frank D. Stevens, 2d heut.» Askin, Robert T.» Albert, Henry." Adam. Black, John. Beyfus, Herman. Bowman, George B." Briggs, John. » Promoted. b Captured. c Through all campaigns^ d To Vet. Eeserve Corps. e Disahllity. f Woun.ded in action. e To serve unexpired term. t Honorably, hy Sec'y of War. 1 Detached. t Killed in action. 1 By re-enlistment, 708 HISTORY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA EESEKVB3. Boers, Joseph, corp. Butts, John F., corp.»° Carothers, "William H.° Cloyd, Thomas O. Copenhaver, William, corp.^ " Cornelius, JoTin. Duffleld, Joseph R. DeArmit, Jolm 0. Durboran, Isaac H." Davis, Robert C. Fleck, George "W.° Giles, James P.= Hancock, William D., sergt.'" Harvey, William. Hudson, Augustus B. Huntsman, James H. Hancock, Jeremiah. Hicks, Thomas. Johns, John E.° Liveringhouse, Benjamin F.° Liveringhouse, John C.° Leerd, Adam. Leerd, George. Locke, Jonathan. ° Lynch, Michael." Martin, Benjamin R., Corp.* Malone, William. McCollister, William A. Neff, Peter. Neff, George. Need, George M." Ramsey, Austin." Roberts, Daniel." ' Stevens, David W., sergt.* ° Shaffer, George F. Sneath, John J." ' Sneath, Willis G." Shaffer, Henry." Speaker, James A." Thomas, Joseph A., corp." » Vaughin, Thomas. Weight, Henry 0." Walls, William. Weight, George, musician." Woods, William W., 1st sergt" lluster-iii Boll of company E, conunanded by Oaptaia Wilson Eeilly. (This company was diBbaaded by General Seymonr, at the close of the Peninsnlar cam- paign, because the men, who had been armed with rifles by Hon. A. K. McCIure at the organization of tbe. company, protested against the exchange of the rifles, which were their private property, for United States muskets. The members were distributed to other companies, and though the record of Company K terminated with the Feuinsula campaign, the names of the men appear in the rolls of other companies with their proper records.) Wilson Reilly, captain. John S. Eyster, 1st lieut. Thomas L. Fletcher, 2d lieut. Armstrong, William. Arent, Leander. Bamits, George M. Bannett, Headly. Brustsell, William H. Bowman, George B. Borne, John H. Buchner, Frederick R. Butts, John F. Campbell, William M; Carpenter, John W. Duffleld, Joseph Ritner. Durburrow, Isaac H. Devine, James. Davis, Robert 0. Eckart, John 0. Flanagan, Peter F. Fockler, Samuel. Fry, William A. Peeten, Charles R. Gill, John. Giffln, Samuel C. Haines, John. Harder, James. Hench, Nicholas J. Hench, Frank. Haney, Peter. Hall, J. Noell. Hockersmith, Jacob. Jacobs, Robert E. Kuh, WilUam. Little, Jesse.. 1 Dranesvllle. s Mechanicsville. s Gaines' mill. * Ifew Market cross roads. 6 Malrern hill. « Ball Run. 7 South Mountain. 9 Antietam. • Fredericksburg, 'o Gettysburg. ^ Brlstoe station. 19 Mine Sun. IS Wilderness. 1* Spottsylvanla C.H. ^ North Anna. ic Bethesda Church. MUSTEB-OUT ROLL OF THE TWELFTH EEGIMENT. 709 Ligget, Johu. Lmthurst, James F. Lerch, David R. Linch, Michael. Meddle, KauflF Luther D. Miller, John. Marshall, Robert E. Melott, Stephen. Melott, Frederick L. Maiter, Oalvain. Mentzell, J. Henry. Myers, David. McAllister, "William A. McDougal, William. Neff, George. Neff, Peter. O'Brien, Michael. Patton, John. Pilkington, Wilson R. Reed, Elihu D. Rhodes, Franklm. Ross, John M. Rohn, John. Rouse, William. Randike, James M. Ranard, John. Setchel, John W. Shellenn, Thomas T. Snyder, John H. Stoutagle, George W. Snow, John H. Smith, William. Whitmore, Henry D. Woods, Richard. Wiant, Prisby T. Williams, Sanford. Wisemeller, Ceenrod. Woods, William W. Woods, Thomas. Zeigler, William P. a Promoted. b Gaptared. « Throagh all campaigns. j To Vet. Ees. Corps. e Disability. t Wounded in action. li To serve naexpired term. s Honorably by Seo'y of War. i Detached. ^ Killed in action. 1 By re-enlisted, v. t. 710 HISTORY OF THE PENNSYLVAITIA EESEEVES. Muster-out EoU of the Thirteenth (First Eifle) regimeut, P. E. 0., commanded by Major William E. Hartshome, originally commanded by Colonel Charles J. Biddle. Called into service on the 21st day of May, 1861, to serve for three years, and mustered out on the 15th day of June, 1864. Eoll of Field and Staff Officers, William R. Hartshome, major.* John T. A. Jewett, adjutant." Henry D. Patton, quartermaster.' Lucius Truman, quartermaster.' John J. Comfort, surgeon.' William T. Humphreys, ass. surg." Lafayette Butler, ass't surgeon.' Charles J. Biddle, colonel. Alanson E. Niles, lieut. -colonel.' Roger Sherman, adjutant.' 8. D. Freeman, surgeon. W. JB- Jones, assistant surgeon. Daniel O. Oi'ouch, ass't surgeon. William H. D. Hatten, chaplain. Non-commissioned Staff. John Lemon, com. sergt.' Henry Zundell, chief musician.' Discharged. Thomas L. Kane, lieut.-col."' " ' Roy Stone, major.' William C.~ Hunter, qu.mr.sgt.' R. Fent Ward, hosp. steward.' Jeremiah J. Starr, hosp. steward.' ■ Transferred. WiUiam Baker, sergt. major.s Hugh W. McNeil, colonel.' " « Charles F. Taylor, colonel. '»'»'= '<> Boll of company A, commanded by Lieutenant £, B, Leonard, originally commanded by Captain Phihp Holland, ■* Edward B. Leonard, 1st lieut.' ' ' Neri B. Kinsey, 3d lieut.' " Buck, Francis.'* Carl, Simeon B. Oohel, Norman K. Colgrove, Orner. Grover, Reuben L."" ^ Hunt, Edmond 8., sergt. McFall, Alexander G."" Phinney, Benjamin F. Rowley, Seely B.' « " Seamon, EliB.'"-' Sayles, Adriel K., sergt. Taggart, Henry H." ■.Wiles, Allison." BisclMrged. John G. narrower, captain, "^soea Arnold, Eli S.» Boardman, Daniel 8., sergt.' Baker, Albert.' ■> Bomar, Uriah." Bowman, George W.' Cady, Alpheus.' Cowles, Henry S.' Counselman, Washington." Clark, Charles W.' « Doyle, George K.' Duokes, Levi.' Dougherty, George."" < ' Davis, Samuel S.' ^ Davidson, James K.' ° Edgei-ton, Whiton.' Evans, Michael. " Freeland, Samuel.' s Freeman, Freedom." Gorton, Farnsworth.' ■• ' 1 Dranesville. B MechanicsviUe. 8 Gaines' mill. * New Market cross roads. 6 Malvern hill. « Bull Run. 7 SoutU Moantaia. 6 Autletam. 8 Trederjcksburg. 10 Gettysburg. 11 Brietoe station. 12 Mine Bun. 15 Wilderness. 1* Spottsylvaaia C. H 16 North Anna. u Bethesda Church. MUSTEE-OUT ROLL OP THE THIRTEENTH REGIMENT. 711 Godoell, Abner." Godfrey, Andrew, sergt.' Howe, John, sergt.= Hayler, Frederick M.= Herrick, Pericle.' Harvey, Hiram W.= Hill, Jolin." Impson, Benjamin E.= Kimball, George. = Kinsey, Miles V.' Lewis, William J.« Lyon, George E.' ^ ' McClure, Perry. » Magee, Hugh J.'s> i Odefl, Henry." ' Olin, Edward." PhUlips, Sylvester D.» Self, William E." > Smith, Cornelius J.' Sweet, Aser.i Seely, WiUiam R.« Stanly, Levi." Sullivan, T. W." Stewart, Thomas P.« Stebbins, Samuel." Smith, John A., corp.''* Steele, John, 1st sergt," * ' ^ ' Turner, James C." Vastbinder, James." Van Arsdale, Allen A., sergt." Walker, John B., corp." Wright, William D." Walker, James." Webster, OmerD.'^ WUes, Luther.' Wakely, Samuel S."<" Webster, James." Chase, William H.' Dorey, Henry S.^ Drummond, Richard B.k Drifuss, Solomon, e narrower, Gabriel P. (2d).s McCort, Patrick." ^ ' •^^r Ramsey, WiUiam N., sergt." ^ 6s u i* Seley, William G.^ Died. Philip Holland, captain.' ■• Daniel Orcutt, 1st lieut.* ' " Bogart, Wallace.' < Babcock, Thaddeus S." < Bruce, Edwin T." '* Conklin, Joseph.' ^ Cole, Joseph, Jr." Guyer, Charles.'' 2 Davis, Leroy P.' 2 Drummon, Ebin B.' ' Goodnough, WiUard.'* Gee, George H.""" Hardy, Michael.'' » Impson, Joseph." Kriner, Joseph." Lewis, Levels O.'' ^ Millswonh, Samuel O., sergt.'' ' Newcomer, Abraham." Rohrer, Silas.' s" 7 Reed, Tip." '* Seeley, Albert A., corp."' » Stebbins, Orin M., 1st sergt. ''* Vanbleit, Isaac." ^ Willoughby George W. R.'' * Beeman, Senure. Miller, Joseph. Miller, James H. MooThouse, Adonijah." Rowley, John R. Sullivan, Richard B. Boll of company Bj coiiuna.nded b; Captain Thomas B. Lewis, originally commanded by Captain Langbome Wisteii Langhome, Wister, captain." Thomas B. Lewis, captain." ' ^ P. EberfeKeiser, Istlieut."'^ Joel R.'ftahr, 2d lieut." ' >" Austin, Charles.' '^ Bothwell, Robert B., sergt.'" * ' Branyan, Robert H." 2 '. Branyan, James A." Breckbill, Jeremiah."" Dile, George L.' * 1 Promoted. c Thr&ugh all campaigns. i To Vet. Eeserve Corps. e Disability. f Wounded in action. S To serve unexpired term, h Honorably, by Sec'y of War. i Detached. k Killed in action. 1 By re-enliatment, v. 712 HISTORY OF THE PENNSTLVANIA BESEBVES. Fissell, William A.' Fissell, Joha A. Green, Thomas G.' » Holland, William A." Hartzell, Isaiah." Jones, Nicholas. Mutzebaugh, John W., sergt.* Meek, Joseph H., corp.* Perry, Frederick A., 1st sergt." Pressley, William.* Roberts; Thomas 0.' Sweger, Absalom." Shively, Thomas J.' '»'" Shively, George W.' * Smith, John C '^ Staehl, John F." 's Tierrey, Charles W., sergt." Wolf, Hiram G., Corp.'* Valentine, Robt. B.'" * ' i" Walker, James. John A. Gulp, 1st lieut.«=i8°=* Bums, James B."" Bolden, James. ■" Black, Isaac.'' Barth, John.'' Cook, George L."" Caswell, Edward.' 3" Duncan, Joseph, teamster. Davis, Enoch H.^ Famsworth, Samuel.'' Foster, Erastus R.' Foster, Francis A.' "' Fleck, Ephraim.'"*" •Furlong, Philip.' « >» Hood, John.'' Irvine, William H. H.-' s '^ ■Jones, Henry J., corp.' ^ *' Jamison, John.' Johnson, William H.= Kirgler, Charles.' Lewig, Joshua.'' Lewis, John B.'' Morton, Lemuel K., sergt.' ' * Mutzebaugh, John H., corp.'' Mayall, Mills A.' Mell, John H.* Myers, Jacob.'' Mitchell, Samuel M." Mick, Solomon.'' Mick, John C." Metz, Andrew J.'' McCollum, George.'' Parsons, John W., corp." Pennell, John.* Richard, David." Sheaffer, Oliver." Stevenson, William M."" Seward, Levi.' Snyder, Truman K." Topley, Samuel A."" Vanzant, James N.* ^ n Watson, Geoi/ge C." Wilkinson, John, musician.'' Transferred. Hayner, Edward." e Reynolds, John.' Rermard, Charles.' Shatte, George W.« Shatte, Alexander.K Died. William Allison, ist lieut.'' « Belton, Thomas J., 1st sergt.'' i" Ebright, George W." Foram, Patrick." Galbraith, Samuel, corp.'' ' Gillispie, Thoma;S W." * Jumper, Conrad.'' ' Leliman, Peter.' ^ Magee, Ambrose B.' ^ O'Brien, John, sergt.' s 's Parsons, Theodore A.'' * Raup, George.'' ■ Sluckey, Jacob E., corp.' » Sayers, John.'' ^ Spear, Samuel.'' '<> Sphan, George H."^ Deserted. Arnold, George L. Burke, Mark, sergt. Etter, Jacob. Lanyer, Joseph T. McOloud, Jacob. Seller, Rebun. SeUer, John. Shatts, John E. ^ Dranesville. 2 Mechauicsville. * Oaines' mill. * New Market cross roads. 6 Malvern hill. « Bull Run. ' South Mountain. B Antietam. ' Fredericksburg. '" Gettysburg. 11 Bristoe station. '3 Mine ELaa. MUSTEE-OUT EOLL OF THE THIETEENTH EEGIMENT. 713 Roll of oompaay 0, oommaiided by Fiist-Lionteiiaiit J. Wood CraTon, origiiiajly, oom- manded Ijy Captain John Eldied. Neri B. Kinsey, captain.' "> J. Wood Craven, 1st lieut." Moses W. Lucore, 3d lieut.» Barnum, Euoch, sergt.' ' ' ' Burrows, Cassia.* Campbell, Thomas.' ^ French, Leonard.' 9 10 b so Gettings, John H.i" "> Gibbs, A. E. Gleason, Michael L.' » •■ 20 Guthrie, Smith E. Greely, Horace H.= Hanmer, Aloni. McCarrick, Matthew. McHenry, John A.' ' Payne, William. Parker, Lewis. Sharp, Samuel. Sheely, Patrick. Shoemaker, William.' ^ ii 20 Smethers, John.* Soper, Samuel M.' Thall, John. Washburn, James E.* 20 John A. Eldrcd, captaiiu.'^'P^ Leander W. Gifford, captain.? Robert B. Warner, 2d lieut."»'s»'=* Oscar D. Jenkins, 2d lieut."" Akley, Levi R' Akley, Sidney L.' Brown, W. W. , hosp. steward."" Blair, John P.' "> ' Cook, George W.*" Clark, James.' Coorst, Samuel.' Campbell,' John J.' Camar, Erastus.' Crocker, Sydney, corp.' Daughenbaugh, Charles.' Dehort, Uriah.'" 20 Doty, William."' Denham, E. P.« Davison, Reese J.' " 2» Easterbrooks, E. P.^ Fairbanks, D. W.' "" ' Pelker, John.' "" " 2° Guthrie, George.'' Hammon, George.' Hiller, Albert.^ Horton, Erwin.= Inglesby, Russel A.' Johnson, James A. C Kirk, Finnan T." » ' Lyons, Owen.' Lucore, Luther.' Lucore, Anson.' Lindsay, Thomas H.' Malone, Thomas.' s 9 19 Minard, B. F.' Murphy, WilUam. McMahon, Simon.' O'Bryne, James.' Patterson, G. L.'= Post, Smith G." Radder, John.' '9 Russel, J. S.'= Sanford, Samuel.^ Schlatzer, Orin J.'*' Shattock, Benjamin.' Smith, Augustus, sergt.' Sloat, WiUiam.' Stoliker, Abraham.' Wright, Benjamin F.' Butcher, F. H.' "^"^ Freeman, D. C '^ » ' Green, George." * * Norris, John.' =«iii«ry Taylor, Jerome.* Tupper, Darius.* Died. William B. Jenkius, 1st lieut.'' ' Akley, Reuben.' Carney, Charles B.'^ Coorst, William.' Coorst, John S.' '9 Canfleld, Frederick E." 20 Daily, Philip.' Danly, John S.'' '^ Fine, G. W., corp." '9 Greal, John.' a Promoted, b Captnred. c Tliroagli all campaigns. d To Vet. Bes. Corps. e Disability. f Wonnded in action. g To serve naexpired term. b Honorably by Sec'y of War. i Detached. ^ Killed, in action. ' By re-enlistment, v. v. 714 HISTORY OF THK PENNSYLVANIA EESESVES. Deserted. Jordan, L. T." Landers, S. W." i Mestler, G. T.' ^ Miller, J. S." Moyer, Samuel C." » McElheney, John.' jMcGill, J. C.= McGowin, George W.' " McHenry, Perry.' ■' Titcomb, David." Bennett, A. D. Dual, A. S. Grow, John. Hamlon, Patrick B. Manard, Seneca F. McCann, John. McGregor, Charles A. Roll of company D, commanded by Captain David G. McNangliton, originally oom- mamded by Captain Boy Stone. Roy Stone, captain." David G. McNaughton, captain.' Ribavd D. Hall, 1st lieut." Goughlin, Francis.* Clark, William H." Devoge, Theophilus.' ' Devers, James.* Duvis, William H.^ Gannon, Michael." Gordon, Abner M.'' Humphreys, Thomas K."^ Johnson, Amos H.° Kinneer, Eobert." Lindsay, John W.' "« '"'^ Metz, Charles." Mutting, Charles C." Muyvyvy, Edwm, 3d sergt." Marta'in, Hosley, sergt." Maston, James A., 1st sergt. o" Page, William." Powers, Patrick." Runyan, Henry H. ' " Singleton, Theodore." Struble, David." Tarbell, Joseph, corporal." Weaver, Harvey T., Sd sergt." Whittaker, Joseph." Wood, Sylvester.* Walker, James B.* Discharged. John T. A. Jewett, captam.'"^P'=* Ahin, Elijah.' " Benton, Charles M.' 2 Clough, Eleazer A." Cortwright, Peter." Dunton, Joseph W.*" Deming, Andrew J., sergt.' Ellison, Horace W." Freeman, Francis H." Fisher, George.' Flatt, Lewis D.'" Graury, Francis.' ^ Gates, Jacob." Geer, Nelson.' ^ Gates, George.' Hoar, Lafayette, corp.' ' Hamblin, John, sergt.' Hanlin, Sylvester." Hanlin, John F.' Hogarth, Frederick." Honiker, Jacob." Havens, John." Hobert, Freeland.' "'""^ Keimady, Graham." Kencaid, Thomas H.' = BInopf, Frederick.' Knowlton, Byron D.' ""^"^ Lang worthy, Frank.' ""^""^ Lyman, L. Bent." Lasser, Lawrence.' Master, Charles H., corp.' Martz, William H.' ' Millspaugh, Oscar F." Mitchell, Perry." Quigley, George B." Trask, Walker V." Vedierman, Julius." Wallace, William." Wheelock, Samuel B.'^ Williams, Abraham C, sergt.' * 1 DranesvUle. 2 Mechanicsville. 3 Galues' mill. 4 New Market cross roads. 8 Malvera hill. » Bull Run. 11 Bristoe statioa. w Belhesda Cburch. 7 Soutli Mouatain. 12 Mine Run. ^^ Cloyd mountain. 8 Antietam. ^3 Wilderness. '^ New River bridgo. 8 Fredericksburg, i* Spottsylvania C.H. ^^ Harrisousburgh. 10 Gettysburg. '^ North Anna. 20 Cro3:i Keys. MUSTER-OUT BOLL OF THE THIRTEEN-TH REGIMENT. 715 York, Elias." Young, Joliu.'< TraTisferred. Chase, George." '" « Dorin, Briney.s Humphreys, Robert M.s Jaygens, Peter. « Kmg, John N.s Keating, Michael.s McElhaney, John.s McMurtrie, Theodore." Morrison, James A.s Seamens, Dewight.' Williams, Frank M.« Died. Robert Hall, 2d lieut.'' '<> Abbott, William. « Bordman, Wallace." ClaKjy, David H.^ 4 Chapel, Albert M.» < Cobb, Myron 0.^ » Green, William H." Glazier, Henry H.'' ' Horrigan, Edwards.' ^ Hascall, Benjamin, sergt." Hall, Rosco A., sergt.'' ^ Junkin, George Q.' ' McMuvry, John." » Rose, John P." « Silvernail, Calvin.^ Steward, James.' ^ Trash, Augustus A.' ' Vannarsdale, Wilham.' " Deserted. Barber, Henry C. EUis, Matthew." Holcomb, Edward. Lane, Benjamin. Shawl, WUliam H. BoU of company E, oommaiided by Captain Sa,mael A, Mack, originally commandad by Captain Alanson E, JTiles, Alanson E. Niles, captain.' ' ' ' Samuel A. Mack, captain." " Lucius Truman, 1st lieut." ' George A. Ludlow, 1st lieut.' ' » 2 " « Allen, Edward K.' ^ " Campbell, Stephenson A., coi-p.'^ Campbell, Washington.'' 2 e r 9 Catlin, Lorenzo." 2 <■ ^ * English, John. Fause, Lemuel, sergt.^ Grow, Horace H."" * Huck, Samael." 2 ' " Huck, George." Kriner, Andrew J." 2 f ^ '2 Morgan, Jonathan V., sergt." 2 Mosier, Parrish.' ' Martin, Thomas." 2 Potter, Benjamin B." 2 Roughton, Edwin, corp." 2 ' s a Rowland, Henry C." 2 Wesh, James M." 2 Waterman, Eflwin S." Discharged. Wm. Taylor, 1st lieut. Bardwell, Alfred, sergt." 2 f 7 s Borden, Orsamus P." 2 i Bassett, John J.' Boatmen, William S." 2 f s e Borden, Bela." 2 ' ? « Bacan, Daniel." " Bacan, Morgan L." Christnat, Robert G., 1st sergt." 2' Christnat, James A., coip." 2 ' s ' Carney, Simon S.' Crossett, Martin." Cole, Jacob." CampbeU, Samuel W.' ' " Cleveland, Martin V." Corbin, Daniel.' '» Darby, George O., sergt." Deckar, Isaac." Davis, Daniel G." Dewey, Brazillia D.' ' ' X Promoted _ b Gaptnred. ' c Throagh aU campaigns. d To Vet. Roaerro Corps. o Disability. ' Wounded in action, s To serve unexpired term. " Honorably, by Sec'y of War, i Detached. l£ Killed inaction. 1 By re-enlistment, y. r. 716 HISTOEY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA EESEEVES. Eiclaolts, Julius K.° Graves, Caleb.' Huck, Jacob, sergt." " "o ' Horn, John 0.= Happy, Lewis. = Kelsey, Robert, Corp." ^ « Kinney, George A.° Kimball, Charles.' Kriner, James 0.'' ^i Lampman, De Witt C." ^ ' » ° Moore, Wallace M., Corp.' Meinn, Philip.' Metzgar, Amos C Mandeville, Woster." Morrison, William." ^ ' McCabe, James.' Nott, Stephen.' ' Olmstead, James." ^ " Ogden, Joseph R.' Osbom, Edward.' "■ 2 a Potts, John C, Corp.' Pitts, William.' Patterson, James M.' Roice, Edwin.' Roice, Ithil H.' Robert, Frederick." 2 ' 9 '» i Sears, George W., sergt.' Snyder, Jacob." 2 ' 9 ' Simmons, Albert D.' Steel, Robert." 2 " " Satterly, Daniel D.' Sweet, Gustavus A." 2 ' e ' Smedley, William.' Spanagle, Peter B.' Torphy, Aaron B.' Vogan, John L.' Vallance, Charles.' Varner, Henry.' Walbridge, Peter D., sergt." 2 ' * ' Walters, Andrew." " ' Weeks, Hiram.' Walters, William H." 2" West, Philetus A."2i Weidle, John H.' Warner, Abel S.' Warner, James M." Transferred. Burl, Wesley.' Blackwell, WiUiam." 2 s English, William.' ' Johnson, Alonzo." ^ 8 Kimball, Chester 'PA McGraff, Louis." ' s Redington, John.B Ramsey, Joseph B.' Sione, Eugene." 2 s Stone, Orin B." ^ « Wilcox, Edwin." 2 a Williamson, Walter, musiciaa.i Died. Anderson, Thomas L.' Cook, George.' ' Champlain, George W." ^ " '"' Fenton, Caleb, sergt." 2 ' '^ Harkweather, Joel.'' '* Headley, Charles." 2 " ? Hagar, Richard.' Jackson, Henry." 2 1 » Kriner, Henry." 2 f a Kriner, George.' Morgan, William M." 2 f " s McCarty, Henry C Rote, Henry J.'"""!" Rothweiler, Peter." 2 ' ' Smith, Thomas R.' Shuler, Abesher.' Sweet, Charles H." 2 « ^ Whitmore, Cyrus." 2 ' Horton, Melvin R. Mauthers, John W. Spicer, Asbury F. KoU of oompsmy F, oommaaded.ljy Oaptaia Join A, Wolfe, originally oommanded by Captain Dennis McQee, Harry D. Patton, captain." ' John A. Wolf, captain. Ernest Wright, 1st lieut." ' » j Daniel Blett. 2d lieut." 2 Ambrose, Fidel.' 2 I Brislin, Dennis. 1 DranesviUe. s Mechanlcsville. s Gaines' mill. 4 New Market cross roads. B Malvern hill. « Ball Ran. n Eristoe station. i" Bethesda Church. 7 South Mountain. "* Mine Run". 17 CLoyd TOouutain. 8 Antietam. is Wilderness. is New River bridge. » FredericUshurg; " SpottsylvaniaC.H. '» Harrisoasburgh. 10 Qettyebiirg. 16 North Anna. 20 Cross Keys. MUSTEE-OUT BOLL OF THE THIRTEENTH REGIMENT. 71'i Buchanan, Julius C." Beei-j Ptdlip.f 7 = Bohn, Lawrence O." Chadwick, BvereU.' ■" '" Dugan, John." Dohn, John.'' « Dennison, Eber.° Eickhoff, Ferdinand." ^ Eickhoff, George." a Eyerly, Joseph, corp.» Fell, Stephen H.= Gable, Ajidrew." Grieshaber, Anthony." 2 Hawk, Linford." Hamlin, Patrick." Hettenger, William." Herman, Albert.' ■* Higgins, Edward L.' ■* •HoUenbach, Samuel.' '" HoUenbach, John." Henry, William O." Haley, John." Hyatt, Charles." Jerman, David." Kindsor, John Wesley." LeiweU, George W., corp." ' Long, Patrick." 2 ' » Meyer, John.' ' Matthew, James.'" ^ Mumson, Henry." McCullough, Francis." Melvin, John S.° Osman, John." 2 Pike, Alphonso A." Ranch, W. Harry, 1st sergt." Rehr, William P.' "> Scott, Thomas V.° Snulty, Charles." Tundle, Henry." Dennis McQee, captain. Hugh Mulhgan, 1st lieut.'=^snea Bierlingmeyer, George." Beckwith, Nathaniel." Caden, John." 2 " Davis, Richard H." Erhman, Frederick." Fenstermaclier, John.'" " Gangover, Charles." Hensh, Michael." Heinlein, Thomas." Hooker, John M." Jankee, Theodore." Johler, John." Kennedy, Patrick." Kaiser, William." Lucore, Jackson." Miller, Ernest." Meddler, Charies.' > Marshall, William, corp." Mcintosh, George H., corp.' " Smith, Williston." Shimer, William." Sutter, Frederick." SuUivan, Daniel." 2 ' ' Trout, Charies.' s Vogel, John." Transferred. John C. HiUs, captain.' ^ « Bott, George.' 1 « Carroll, John.^ King, Martin.^ Silinger, Frank.* Shannon, Philip.* Died. Charles Bitterling, 2d lieut.'' ' Brannon, John.' ' Bryant, Thomas O." Buchanan, Andrew L.' " ^ " Connohan, John." Heck, Isaac M." Mangold, Peter." Oviatt, George W." ' Bobbins, WiUiam.D.' ' Rehring, William, sergt.' Shlaifle, Christian." ' Schplfield, Coursland." Shyre, Stephen.' ^ " Shelly, Joseph, corp." ■• Vogel, Conrad, sergt.' Waters, Peter.' '» Ward, James." Deserted. Boyle, Patrick. Curtis, William. Carr, Patrick. Dougherty, James. Dougherty, Michael. a Promoted. d Captured. b Through all campaigns. e To Vet. Keserve Corps. e Disability. f Wounded in action. 6 To serve unexpired term. b Honorably, by Sec'y of War. 1 Detached. l£ KiUed in action. I By re-enlistment, v. v. 718 HISTOET OF THE PEKNSTLVANIA EESERVES. Maloy, Bai-ry. McCafferty, John. McElroy, John. McShehan, Patrick. » ' Quinn, Andrew, musician. Ramalg, Lewis. Reynolds, John. Rhodes, Moses. Sweeney, John, sergt. Tundle, George. Whalen, Michael. Wertz, Aaron. Eoll of company Q, commandea by Captain Hugl McDonald, oiiginally commanded ty Captain Thomaa B. Winslow. Hugh McDonald, captain.' '" " Thos. B. Winslow, 1st It.' ^ " ■=»"=" John A. "VVolff, 3d lieut." ' John L. Luther, 2d lieut." " ' DeBeck, George C "> '^ 2" Dailey, John F.' '» Garrison, Tartulas 3." Johnston, Thomas B." Eyes, Seth, sergt." Leeman, John W. Lucore, Arnold B., corp.' '° Ryan, Thomas H.° Scott, George W." Stephenson, Thomas J., corp.'s c Warton, James W.' ^ Whitehead, Joel H.' Warner, William.' Welsh Josh.'i Discharged. Jesse B. Doan, 1st lieut. «»s»ed Andrew J. Sparks, 3d lieut. '^=»'6"ea Arts, John P.' '« ' Brookins, Elijah S., corp.' Bundy, Clinton.' ^ ' Bursin, Simon B.« Bailey, Harrison 0.' " Bigham, Lafayette." Cummings, James 0."" Cordes, Frederick G.' Cline, Marcus. >> » ' Carpenter, Alvin 0." Chase, William H. "'"'"'"" De Bock, Allen C » i^ , Derris, Orlando P." Daniel, William." English, George W." Elder, James H.' ^ Farley, Joseph.'^' Farlong, Thomas." Graham, Andrew J.' ^ " Garrison, Justis J." Gross, Thomas A." Holly, Floyd.' Hollis, James H." Henderson, David W. Islan, Benjamin.' '^ Keller, Rebun.' Looker, Richard E., sgt." ""i"" ' " ' Lukens, Charles." Lenish, Reuben W." Lehmaw, John A.' ' Montgomery, Thomas." Mahlen, Allen.' ^ McCoy, James, sergt.*" ^ ' McNeil, John, corp.' McDonald, James." McCoy, Michael.' Quay, Marshal.' Rheinhart, John." " Robbins, Cyrus.""' Rhanewalt, Augustus.' ' Sharrar, Charles G., sergt.' Sparks, Benjamin." Sawyer, Edward D." Shaffer, George." Shiley, John." Starks, Watson L." Steward, Jackson." Simeras, Andrew J." ' Stephens, Elhanan.'^' Struble, John W.'^' ' Thompson, James B., sergt.'' •^ ' Tubbs, Nathan H." Tamer, Jesse D." Wansal, Christian.'*' Transferred. Bateman, Levi.K Burnet, Napoleon.^ 1 Drauesville. ^ Ball Run. 2 MechaaicsTille. ' SoutU Mountain. » Games' mill. * Antietam. * Ifew Market cross roads. ^ Fredericksburg. ' Malvern hill. W Settysbnrg. 1^ Bristoe station. '^ Bethesda Church. 13 Mine Run. 57 Cioyd mountain, 18 Wilderness. is Now River bridge. 1* Spottsylvania C.H. i*> Harriaonsburgh. 16 North Anna. 20 Cross Keys. MUSTER-OUT ROLL OF THE THIRTEEISrTH REGIMENT. 719 Caldwell, Samuel 8., corp." » ^ Carl, Andrew. B Gross, James.' =>t»ii7 Hollingshead, James A.* Kuecit, William.8 Miller, John W.s Price, George H.' ""'^i^ ■Rowley, James.'' "'"'='' e Robinson, Francis H.8 Sliarrer, Robert L.s Welby, Lawrence.e Barr, Wesley W.* " Cole, John C.,'sergt."9 Coleman, Charles K.' ' Cassiday, James.' Davis, Abraham.' '" Evans, John H., Corp.' " Puller, Dennis, sergt.' ' Fuller, Benjamin.^ James, John.' ^ * = Holly, Alanson.= Hoffman, Joseph N." » ' " Holin, Daniel." Kelley, Martin.^ '^ Looney, Jolin, corp.' =»"'=" ' ' Marginsen, Cyrus.' ■' Sullivan, Jeremiah.' Sylin, Willard.f '^ Spencer, John A.' ' Tilson, Ezra.P.'3 = Wray, John C.= Woodrjff, Hiram.^ "> Wenrick, Jolm.' ' Watkins, WiUiam D." Deserted. Bundy, Norman C, sergt. Doan, Edward. Graham, James A. Homood, George R. Padget, Rufus. Showers, John. Wright, Charles B., sergt. Warner, William L. Boll of compajiy H, commajided by Gaptaia John D. YerkeSf originally commanded l}y Captain Ghailes F. Taylor, John D. Terkes, captain. » ' ■" Chandler Hall, 1st lieut.» Thomas J. Roney, 1st lieut." " Beeby, Richard, sergt." Best, Alfred, corp.' »»""' " Bahel, Alfred, corp.» " Bahel, William." Brecht, Jonathan." Bockiens, Charles." Brown, George W." «"'=" ' ' Cook, Adolphus.'" 9 » '^ Dungan, Thomas.' Freel, Lorenzo D." ""^ Fogg, Elbridge B.' Guthrie, Sylvester, 1st sergt."' Goodwin, Allen S., sergt." Ganse, William." Ganse, Lewis F." "»«"" ° Hutton, Williams, corp." Hardy, Rose." Lynch, James H.'^ Maines, Thomas B.' Montgomery, John H.' Perry, Thomas." Steigehman, Henry O.*""'"" « Taylor, Alfred.' s Taylor, Elwood."' Watson, Richard.!" * Evan P. Dixon, 2d Ueut.«''P'"* Archer, Lea T.' Alcott, David." Brink, John B.' ' s e Burrell, Wesley." Bahel, Thomas." Baker, William." Boozer, Charles.' ' ■» ' Birdsell, Edward.' Chandler, Thomas." """"" ' Chambers, Percy E.' Chadwick, Joseph P.' Chadwick, John.' / Cessna, Martin.' Creamer, Jacob.'' """"* Douglass, Benjamin." a Promoted b Captured. c Through all campaigns. d To YeCjKeaerve Coi-pa. e Disability. f Wounded in action. e To serve unexpired term. i" Honorably, by Seo'y of War. i Detached. k KUled in action. ' By re-enll5tmeirt, v. 720 HISTOEY OF THE PENNSTLVATSriA EESEBVES. Donohue, John J., coip." Davis, George W.' Dudly, WiUiam B.> Grace, James.' ' •' Greenfield, Edward.' " • Gross, Thomas P.* ■=»"=«' Howell, Edwin A., corp.' " Hunter, William 0.»' Hubs, Samuel.' >^ = ' John, Lewis S.= Jackson, John A." JaqUette, Isaac G.« Land, Thomas.' Leedam, Isaac.'' '' ' Mann, Percifer P." Miller, Robert." Malin, Phinneas, coip." Oskins, John E.^ Oskius, Robert.' Pierce, Jacob W., sergt.' Price, William.' " PenhoUow, Henry' ■' Pusey, Joshua.'^ Rigdon, William." Roman, Joseph A.' ' " Romig, George W." » ' "" Steigleman, John W." ■=»""' ' Stroble, Henry.' Sherman, Roger. '" * » ' Smith, George." Starr, Jeremiah J." "»«"" » ' Taggart, Robert." Taylor, Isaac.* ^ ' Uerban, Charles." West, James Dixon.' White, Henry C." West, Joseph D." " Wilson, Samuel G.' » Woodward, Milton." Yomikins, Edward." Transferred. Baker, Edwin, corp.' ^ s e Best, Andrew A.' ' « Best, Thomas P.s Barben, Joel M.e Baker, Evan H.'^e Briggs, WiUiam.* Coyle, James." s 9 b Davidson, Edward S.e Drummond, James.B Foreman, Maris H.' ^8°'* "^ Gross, Ellis P.e Glisson, Alfred.' '9 s Grier, Robert M.s Goodwin, Daniel.' = 8 Jackson, William W.« Kling, William T.e McCuUough, George W.* Mihier, George D.' '<• « Stevens, Henry C.* Taylor, William.B Williamson, Francis.' '^ e Way, Lindley.e Watts, William.e- Young, Joseph P., corp.s Died. Charles P. Taylor, captain.* '""='» Joel J. Swayne, 2d lieut.^ » Robert Maxwell, 2d lieut.' '< Baker, Aaron, corp.' ' s '' " Butler,, James.'' ^ Brink, Taylor." Carter, Harlan H." ^ ^ s Creamer, Hiram.' '" Coover, Andrew.'' ' Davis, Marshal.' '* Preel, James." Gilmor, Richard T." '" Hanson, Thomas." Harrigar, William.' '^ McClurg, Alexander A.* * Penhollow, Charles.^ '" Penninglow, Thomas L.'' ' Page, George W.* '^ Rigdon, John." ' Taylor, James." Deserted. Jackson, Edward P. Pratt, Edward. Pettengill, Robert B. Rentz, Frederick. Taylor, John. Temple, Benjamin F. 1 Dranesville. fi Mechanicsville. s Gaines' mill. * New Market cross roads. ^ Kalvera hill. • Bnll Enn. " Bristoe station. " Bethesda Churcli. 7 South Mountain. ^ Mine Bun. i? Cloyd mountain. 8 Autietam. is Wilderness. ^ New River bridge. 9 Fredericksburg. ^^SpottsylvaulaCH. ^^ Harrisonsburgh. 1° Gettysburg. ^ North Anna. ^ Cross ^^s. MUSTER-OtTT ROLL OP THE THIRTEENTH REGIMENT. 721 BoU of oompmy I, commanded by Liontenant E. Pent Ward, origmaUy oommajided by Captaiii ■William T. Blanohard, E. Feat Wood, 1st lieut.f ' ° Richard A. Rice, 2d lieut." » " Brewer, Wallace W., Corp.' s = Barnes, Joseph B., corp.' » = Barnes, Thomas. Coates, John R. Gulp, Cornelius.' » ■» Close, Peter.' 8 Clark, Charles L.' Foster, A. G., sergt." Freeman, B. HiU. Howard, E. Newell.' ^ Jewett, Sheldon.'' ^ Kilburn, Ferdinand.' '^ Knapp, William A.' Landigan, James. Lafferty, Wilham A.' s s Land, Robert T." i Mulvany, Wilham. Mulvuny, Charles'" ^«. Prosser, Lorenzo B., sergt.'' ^ ■= Rice, Charles P.' » Robbins, Charles H.' '" '^ Smith, Dennis T.' Walters, Augustus A. White, George O." Di%charged. Angels, M. Crapsey.'' ^"^ Alton, James T.'' Austin, Chas. M."" Austin, Joseph.' ' ' Austin, John." ' Bridge, Wesley J.' Briggs, George W.' BeUknap, Josiah B.' Babcock, Henry G." ' Bard, Leslie S." " Buchanan, Andrew L."" Beckwith, Samuel R.' ^ " Berts, Samuel.'' Both, Jacob.'' Ciutis, Edward E., 1st sergt.' ' ^ Case, Dennis.'' Crow, Jacob.'' Colgrove, Alpha.'' Comforth, Columbus.' " = » Campbell, George A."" Curtis, William J." Curtis, Nelson M.' Crossmire, Derrick.'' ^ ' Danforth, L. Byron.' Duel, Henry L., corp.'' ^ i Demars, Joseph.'' Dickeson, Charles.'' Edson, Edward W." Faming, Elisha P.'' Gould, Hosea H." Haffey, John K., sergt. ■» Hammond, Henry J.' 's '' Hoop, Alfred T.' Inglesby, Russel.' " ^ Johnson, James L.'' King, Solomon S., sergt.' ^ » ' Keach, Robert M.'' King, Frank." » ' Lawrence, Chas. B. Leher, John.'' Losey, Frederick C » i" Little, Joseph." ' Moses, Joshua.'' Melison, Chas.' '^ " Mason, Charles.'' Mapes, Alonzo.' ^ '' Mains, John W.'" Porter, Peter B., corp." ' Rice, Ernest, sergt.'' Richardson, William.' '9 '' Rifle, William H." Southwick, Samuel G." ' Smith, Frank." Snyder, Wesley J.' s " Smith, Anson P.'" Treat, Benj. A." Taylor, George W.'' Vandyne, Curtis M." Wood, James W."' " Whalen, John.'' Weed, Calvin H." WeUs, Edgar W.' Transferred. Wm. T. Blanchard, captain.' '= « Frank Bell, 1st lieut.' s 'o a Brigham, D wight W.""* Blauvelt, James O.' """"t a Promoted. b Captured. Tbrongli all campaigas. d To Yet. Beserve Corps. o Disability, ' Wounded in action. S To serve unexpired term. h Honorably, by Sec'y off War. 46 i Detached. k Killed in action. 1 By re-enlistmont, » 722 HISTOBY OF THE PENNSYLVASTIA EESEBVES. Cobbett, James W.* Essington, John W.' Hiimlin, Samuel C' Heiffli, Albert.' '^ » Horton, Samuel M.' ^ * Page, William.' Seames, E. B.' Died. Bruce B. Rice, 2d lieut.' " ' 2 Bee, Charles O., sergt.'" » » Ames, Joseph.^ Blon, Hero " ' Clyens, Patrick.^ » Dale, William L.» " Ellithorp, Philip G.' "> PaiT, G. Milton.' " Holmes, Frederick, corp.'' " Efadley, Henry J." ^ Hayter, Joseph.'' ' Kibbe, William J., 1st sergt." ' Keener, Joseph.'' ^ Magee, Henry.'' ? Maxson, William M." " Newpher, James.'' ^ Northrop, A. Delos." ^ Nichols, Nathaniel S.= Sherwood, Forrest.'' ' West, Franklin." 2° Deserted. Crandall, Frank B. Miles, Wister W. Simcras, Edgar S. Turkin, A. Jackson. Eoll of company K, oommaaded by lientenant John P. Bard, originally commanded by Captain Edward A. Irving John P. Bard, 1st lieut.' " 2 ■= Bloom, Isaiah.'' ^ Bloom, Enos.'' 2 ° Bailey, Zachariah." "' Curry, Edmund M., corp." Cupples, Andrew.' '*.'' Cogley, Henry.'" 2 « Coulter, John H., musician." Conklin, Thomas.'' 2 a Dunn, Manning S."' ' * Ennis, Levi.' '" Glenn, David M., Corp.!" 2 » Hall, Ellis J." Hile, Lorenzo D., musician. Hoover, Lewis, sergt."" '' * Kratzer, J. Elliott." 2 ' « Littlefleld, Frost." " McCracUen, Robert G., corp." Mon-ow, Ephraim.' "s""" """T" McDonald, Isaiah." ^ McKee, Peter C." " Robertson, Alexander., corp." Rish, John." « ' '6 Strocks, Edward D." " !> Wilson, William T., corp.° Discharged. Edward A. Irvin, captain." 2 " " Addleman, William G., Sergt.' "> Blett, Daniel, sergt." 2 » Bloom, Cortes, corp.'^ Bard, Richard J.« Barr, James L." Barnes, John F.' " Carson, Abram, Corp." 2 '" s Clark, Charles M.= Conner, Arthur.^ Doughman, Gideon T." * ' Flanigan, James.' Fleming, Frank A." = Fruge, Israel." 2 f 6 Frantz, James." 2 e Glum, James.' Hill, James G., sergt.* Henry, John." 2 ' Haslet, John W." 2 ' «> ' Hall, Henry I.' Henry, Joseph K.' Hockenbury, Caspil.' Honither, Thomas." Hosford, William." * " Humphrey, William N." » ' 1 Dranesville. " Ball Run. n Bristoe station. 15 Bethesda Church. 2 Mechaaicsville. ' South Mouataiu. 12 Mine Run. 17 Cloyd mountain; 8 Gaines' mill. ^ ^ Antietam. . 13 Wilderness. i^ New River bridge. 4 New Market cross roads, 5 pi-ederickcburg. 1* SpottsylvaniaC.H. i^ Harrisonsburgh. 5 Malvern hill. i' Gettysburg. i' North Anna. ^o Cross Keys. MUSTEE-OUT ROLL OF THE THIRTEENTH REGIMENT. 723 Humphrey, Thomas." ^ rs Kingston, Samuel, r McCrum, Charles R.' McDonald, George W." « ' McDonald, Alexander.'' 2 ' Meyer, John." Mason, Casper T." Mortimer, Samuel.'' 2 ' ^ Norris, John H., sergt.* 2 » ' O'Leary, George." Piter, Peter." Ross, James P., sergt.* 2 « ' Reed, Samuel, corp." ' ' 9 Rex, Reuben I." Swift, Amos, Corp.' Spence, Joseph G." Spence, James." Saunders, Abel." Shink, Joseph." Smith, Philander.'' 2 " Scott, George B." 2 ' ^ Shaver, Daniel." 2 f « Taylor, George W." 2 ' s Thompson, Thomas, 1st sgt."2"' Williams, Daniel P." Williams, Joseph. " 2 ' Transferred. James M. Welch, captain." 2 « "i William R. Hartshome, lstlt."f2ai Addleman, John M." 2 1 B'oom, Arnold." 2 ' Billis, James C Blink, John B.' Chatham, David R. p." 2 6 1 ng corps Cormilley, Jacob, s Derrick, William G.k Fleming, Robert R.s Fogle, Adam.E Goff, Charles M.e Gursahus, Samuel, s Holcomb, Edward.' Jagero, Peter.' Lemon, John, corp." ' Lower, Cyrus B.e Merrow, Francis C." 2 f 7 g McClinaham, Hiram.* ""'"ir? Pittingill, Robert B.^ Sparge, Peter.' *'S"»' «»n>s Shaver, Jesse E.e Died. David C. Dale; 2d lieut." 2 " Broomall, Joseph P." ' Cummings, William S." 2 1: 8 Prantz, A. Harrison." 2 e Granger, Burton." 2 ' e Henry, James." 2 ii 6 Hall, Charles." 2 1' s Hennigh, William." 2 f 9 k 13 Irvin, Austin." 2 " Kratzer, John." 2 1< s Knapp, George H." " Montague, Andrew J." 2 ' McCloskey, Nathan A." Riley, Thomas." 2 " 7 Ross, Robert W." 2 < s Smith, Peter." 2 t a Wilson, John H., corp." Williams, James M.' Deserted. Chase, Frank. Frantz, Martin P. McCullough, David. Spencer, WiUiam H. Seaneus, Dwight. a Promoted. b Captared. c Throngh all campaigns. d To Vet. Ees. Corps. e Disability. f Wounded in action. B To serve unexpired term. ti Honorably by Sec'y of War. i Detached. ^ Killed in action. ' By re-enlistment, v. r. X- .ta mlUMlist ■I' t .'A I •;