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Cornell University Library 
 
 KFP 45.6.W95 
 
 An alphabetical and analytical index to 
 
 3 1924 017 258 454 
 
AN 
 
 ALPHABETICAL AND ANALYTICAL 
 
 INDEX 
 
 PENNSYLVANIA SUPREME COURT REPORTS, 
 
 1st Dallas to 20th P. F. Smith, inclusive. 
 
 BY 
 
 ROBERT E. WRIGHT, 
 
 I-ATE STATE REPORTER. 
 
 "HOC, VT ALIS liABOBE ESSENT VACG8." 
 
 PHILADELPHIA : 
 
 REES WELSH, No. 532 WALNUT STREET, 
 
 LAW BOOKSELLER AND PUBLISHER. 
 1874. 
 
Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1873, by 
 
 RBES WELSH, 
 in the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Wnshington. 
 
 HENRY B. ASHMEAD, PRINTER, 
 1102 &, 1104 Sansom St. 
 
PREFACE, 
 
 When it is remembered, that tliere are now in the libraries of 
 the profession one hundred and thirty-seven volumes of reports 
 of cases decided by the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania; that 
 these volumes contain nearly fourteen thousand cases ; and that 
 very few if any of these cases are confined to a single point ; the 
 propriety and even necessity for the preparation and publication 
 of " Digests" and " Indices" of their contents, seems too obvious, 
 to require any apology. I have, therefore, none to offer for 
 what has been here attempted. 
 
 Without wishing to interfere with any similar existing or con- 
 templated publication, but influenced solely by a desire to do 
 something in my day, to lessen the labors of an overworked pro- 
 fession, this work was begun, continued and ended. 
 
 That it is the result of long and tedious labor, no lawyer need 
 be told ; that it will tend at least to effect that for which it was 
 intended, I trust will be conceded ; but that it is perfect I dare 
 not hope. 
 
 In collecting the material for this Index, the syllabi of the 
 reporters were not alone relied on. The " opinions" were care- 
 fully examined ; and in all cases, where previous decisions were 
 referred to, as supporting, restricting, or in any way affecting 
 the point then before the Court, they are noted, and will be 
 found under what is deemed the appropriate head or subdivision. 
 
 Looking on the law, as a system intended to act on persons 
 rather than on things ; as defining and enforcing the rights, 
 
VI PREFACE. 
 
 duties, powers and liabilities of men in their private and 
 public positions and relations, I have adopted this view whenever 
 it was possible, as the most convenient, comprehensive and 
 practical mode of arranging the context of this volume. 
 
 To the Bench and Bar of Pennsylvania this work is respect- 
 fully dedicated; in the belief, that as they are most capable of 
 appreciating its value, and the labor necessary to produce it, they 
 will readily excuse any unavoidable errors that may be discovered 
 on a closer examination of its contents. 
 
 R. E. W. 
 
ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THIS WORK. 
 
 Dallas's Keports, 4 volumes, 1754 to 1805, 1 to 4 D. 
 
 Yeates's Reports, 4 volumes, 1791 to 1808, 1 to 4 Y. 
 
 Binney's Eeports, 6 volumes, 1799 to 1814, 1 to 6 B. 
 
 Sergeant & Rawle's Reports, 17 volumes, 1814 to 1828, 1 to 17 S. & R. 
 Rawle's Reports, 5 volumes, 1828 to 1839, 1 to 5 R. 
 
 Penrose & Watts's Reports, 3 volumes, 1829 to 1832, 1 to 3 P. & W. 
 Wharton's Reports, 6 volumes, 1835 to 1841, 1 to 6 Wh. 
 
 Watts's Reports, 10 volumes, 1832 to 1840, 1 to 10 W. 
 Watts & Sergeant's Reports, 9 volumes, 1841 to 1844, 1 to 9 W.& S. 
 
 Barr's Reports, 10 volumes, 1845 to 1849, 1 to 10 Barr, 
 Jones's Reports, 2 volumes, 1849 to 1850, 1 to 2 J. 
 
 Harris's Reports, 12 volumes, 1849 to 1855, 1 to 12 H. 
 
 Casey's Reports, 12 volumes, 1855 to 1860, 1 to 12 C. 
 
 Wright's Reports, 14 volumes, 1860 to 1865, 1 to 14 Wr. 
 Grant's Reports, 3 volumes, 1852 to 1863, 1 to 3 Gr. 
 
 Smith's Reports, 20 volumes, 1865 to 1872, 1 to 20 S. 
 
WRIGHT'S 
 ALPHABETICAL AND ANALYTICAL INDEX 
 
 TO THE 
 
 PENNSYLVANIA SUPREME COURT REPORTS. 
 
 ABANDONMENT. 
 
 1. Op suit or action, 1 P. & W. 132; 2 P. & W. 384; 12 
 
 H. 867. 
 
 2. Of allegiance, 3 B. 85. 
 
 3. Of articles of separation, 4 S. 110 ; 8 S. 386. 
 
 4. Of annuity. 
 
 By widow, 9 W. 263. 
 
 5. Of canal, 3 S. 477. 
 
 6. Of charter, 6 C. 42; 8 0. 22, 25; 2 Gr. 348; 8 S. 43. 
 
 7. Of contract, 5 S. & R. 427 ; 6 W. 392 ; 1 W. & S. 533 ; 
 
 5 W. & S. 382 ; 3 H. 128, 151, 429 ; 12 H. 37 ; 7 C. 
 314, 401 ; 9 C. 508 ; 3 Wr. 84 ; 9 Wr. 890 ; 6 S. 132 ; 
 7 S. 326. 
 
 8. Of covenant, 7 W. 44. 
 
 9. Of easement, 9 C. 368 ; 19 S. 216. 
 
 10. Of habeas corpus, 9 S. 425. 
 
 11. Of insured property, 1 D. 10 ; 2D. 220, 280, 282 ; 
 
 3 D. 198 ; 4 D. 272, 416, 425, 446, 448, 450, 472 ; 1 Y. 
 464,470; 2 Y. 281; 8 Y. 27, 375; 8 B. 287, 295, 437 ; 
 
 4 B. 398, 430, 444, 445, 502 ; 5 B. 403, 525, 544 ; 1 S. 
 &R. 281; 5 S. & R. 118, 501; 12 S. & R. 437; 9 
 Barr 390 ; 2 Wr. 176 ; 8 Gr. 71 ; 19 S. 496. 
 
 12. Of lease, 7 S. & R. 872 ; 7 W. 123 ; 2 W. & S. 240 ; 5 
 
 Barr 422 ; 9 Barr 221 ; 1 C. 897 ; 3 S. 319 ; 16 S. 297 ; 
 18 S. 75; 19 S. 53. 
 
 1 
 
2 ABANDONMENT. 
 
 ABANDONMENT— eowiiWMei. 
 
 13. Of liens, 4 Y. 194, 479 ; 3 B. 342 ; 2 S. & R. 142 ; 8 S. 
 
 & R. 317, 456, 505; 1 R. 366; 2 R. 282; 3 R. 341; 
 4 R. 376, 380 ; 5 R. 286, 290 ; 1 Wh. 115 ; 5 Wh. 150 ; 
 2 W. 45 ; 4 W. 341, 345 ; 7 W. 74 ; 9 W. 334 ; 3 P. & 
 W. 405; 1 Barr 13, 153; 4 Barr 153; 9 Barr 276, 
 349 ; 3 W. & S. 114, 285 ; 7 W. & S. 260 ; 9 W. & S. 
 36 ; 10 Barr 395 ; 1 H. 160, 409, 416, 412, 488 ; 9 H. 
 86; 10. 145; 2 0. 490; 4 Wr. 244; 5 Wr. 273; 8 Wr. 
 123; 14 S. 449. 
 
 14. Of patent foe useful invention, 6 Barr 147 ; 8 S. 155. 
 
 15. Of stock, 7 H. 351 ; 10 S. 124. 
 
 16. Of real property. 
 
 Generally, 11 S. & R. 337 ; 1 P. & "VT. 454 ; 4 W. & S. 
 
 340; 5 W. & S. 188, 284; 9 W. 104, 156; 11 H. 
 
 271; 6 C. 403; 9 Wr. 121. 
 By infant, 4 D. 122; 1 P. & W. 450. 
 By trespasser, 2 H. 297. 
 By trustees, 9 S. 335- 
 By widow, 3 Y. 200, 269. 
 
 Of land held by corporation, 6 Wr. 31 ; 5 S. 351. 
 Of land held under parol contract, 7 H. 471, 476. 
 Of land held by adverse possession, 7 H. 262. 
 Of land held by warrant and survey, 3 Y. 59, 172 ; 2 B. 
 
 61, 65 ; 3 B. 103, 114 ; 17 S. & R. 54, 350 ; 1 P. 
 
 & W. 74 ; 2 P. & W. 384 ; 3 P. & W. 428 ; 4 W. 
 
 138; 6 Barr 21; 2 J. 195; 8H. 163; 1 C. 45, 106 ; 
 
 2 C. 122 ; 6 0. 403 ; 7 C. 410 ; 12 C. 453 ; 3 Wr. 
 
 473 ; 6 Wr. 31 ; 7 W^r. 427 ; 12 Wr. 361, 387 ; 11 
 
 S. 444. 
 Of land held under Blunston's license, 4 Y. 17. 
 Of land purchased at sheriff's sale, 20 S. 281. 
 Of land held by settlement and improvement, 1 Y. 515; 
 
 2 Y. 447, 463 ; 3 Y. 169, 202, 277, 581, 591 ; 
 
 4 Y. 334, 429 ; 2 B. 124 ; 3 B. 103; 4 B. 73; 2 S. 
 
 & R. 394, 407 ; 5 S. & R. 215 ; 6 S. & R. 257 ; 11 
 
 S. & R. 337 ; 12 S. & R. 149 ; 3 P. & W. 428 ; 5 
 
 W. 13, 175 ; 9 Barr 273 ; IJ. 99 ; 2 J. 195 ; 7 H. 
 
 262 ; 12 H. 277 ; 1 C. 45, 106 ; 4 0. 403 ; 3 Wr. 
 
 473; 7 Wr. 427; 9 Wr. 121; 12 Wr. 361, 387; 6 
 
 S. 144, 374; 9 S. 50, 51, 414; 18 S. 189. 
 Of land held for school purposes, 3 Barr 436. 
 Of unseated land, 9 Wr. 121. 
 By parol, 3 Y. 200, 269. 
 By writing, 2 B. 61. 
 
ABANDONMENT— ABATEMENT. 3 
 
 ABANDONMENT— conizntwci. 
 
 When a question of law, 3 Y. 73, 109, 172 ; 4 Y. 429, 
 534 ; 2 B. 124 ; 3 B. 103, 114 ; 4 B. 161, 165 ; 5 
 B. 142; 1 S. & R. 74, 111, 120, 515; 2 S. & R. 
 394,407,436; 3 S. & R. 319; 4 S. & R. 436 
 
 6 S. & R. 257 ; 10 S. & R. 306 ; 12 S. & R. 149 
 1 P. & W. 74, 154 ; 2 P. & W. 384 ; 3 P. & W 
 428; 1 W. 46, 52; 2 W.412;4 W. 138, 140; 5 W 
 13, 173 ; 9 W. Ill ; 3 W. & S. 526 ; 5 W. & S. 60 
 284, 359; 4 Barr 214; 9 Barr 196, 214, 273; 2 H 
 253; 4 H. 305; 7 H. 262 ; 11 H. 271; 12 H. 277 
 1 C. 45, 106 ; 2 C. 417 ; 4 C. 406 ; 6 C. 403 ; 7 C 
 401 ; 9 C. 455 ; 11 S. & R. 340 ; 1 W. & S. 173 
 
 7 Wr. 427 ; 2 S. 413 ; 3 S. 427 ; 6 S. 374 ; 11 S 
 444. 
 
 When a question of fact, 4 Y. 429 ; 2 B. 61, 124 ; 5 B. 
 
 142 ; 6 S. & R. 257 ; 1 W. 46 ; 5 W. 13 ; 3 W. & 
 
 S. 626 ; 5 W. & S. 359 ; 4 Barr 219 ; 9 Barr 273 ; 
 
 4 H. 305 ; 12 H. 277 ; 1 C. 259 ; 7 Wr. 427 ; 6 
 
 S. 374. 
 Inference from, 10 S. & R. 806 ; 3 S. 122. 
 Temporary and accidental, 2 Y. 534 ; 2 B. 124 ; 9 Barr 
 
 273. 
 Excusable, 2 Y. 450 ; 4 Y. 534 ; 1 B. 166 ; 2 B. 125, 
 
 270 ; 5 W. 13. 
 Who may take advantage of, 2 H. 253. 
 
 ABATEMENT. 
 
 1. Os OKIGINAL WRITS, 1 D. 412. 
 
 2. Of suit or action, 7 S. & R. 183 ; 11 S. & R. 131 
 
 13 S. & R. 183, 415 ; 16 S. & R. 300, 301 ; 2 P. & W, 
 126 ; 8 W. 121, 460 ; 1 W. & S. 438 ; 3 Barr 93, 97 
 9 Barr 128; 5 H. 131; 12 H. 114; 8 S. 474; 10 S. 436 
 
 12 S. 112. 
 
 3. Of writ op error, 3 S. & R. 270. 
 
 4. Of annuity, 9 W. 263. 
 
 5. Of devise, 11 H. 223 ; 12 H. 22 ; 7 C. 47. 
 
 6. Of dower, 8 W. 463. 
 
 7. Of legacies, 1 Wh. 212 ; 3 P. & W. 382; 6 W. 473; 9 
 
 W. 263; 10 Barr 387 ; 11 H. 223; 7 C. 47 ; 8 S. 393 ~ 
 
 13 S. 312; 15 S. 317. 
 
 8. Of building erected in violation of condition in 
 
 deed, 13 Wr. 289. 
 
4 ABATEMENT— ABSENCE. 
 
 ABATEMENT— continued. 
 9. Of nuisance. 
 
 Public, 2 W. 23 ; 2 Barr 114 ; 2 H. 306 ; 9 H. 530 ; 1 
 
 C. 503 ; 11 Wr. 428 ; 7 S. 274. 
 Private, 2 H. 306 ; 9 H. 527 ; 1 C. 503; 3 Wr. 257 ; 10 
 &. 367 ; 2 Barr 114. 
 10. Pleas in. 
 
 General rules relative to, 3 W. & S. 395 ; 4 W. & S. 
 
 548 ; 10 H. 277 ; 1 Gr. 359 ; 10 S. 436. 
 Form of, 2 D. 184 ; 1 Y. 185 ; 3 R. 320 ; 10 S. 436. 
 When to be filed, 2 D. 84 ; 2 S. & R. 537 ; 15 S. & R. 
 150 ; 4 W. 433 ; 5 W. 373 ; 3 W. & S. 395 ; 10 
 Barr 418. 
 What admitted by, 2 R. 359 ; 5 H. 131. 
 When inadmissible, 1 Y. 185, 488 ; 15 S. & R. 150 ; 3 
 
 R. 211; 5 H. 131 ; 10 H. 277 ; 1 Gr. 359. 
 Striking oiF of, 2 D. 184 ; 3 W. & S. 395 ; 10 Barr 418. 
 When admissible. 
 
 For nonjoinder, 4 W. & S. 548 ; 2 R. 362 ; 2 P. & W. 
 149 ; 2 Wh. 32; 1 H. 497, 501 ; 4 H. 134 ; 2 C. 
 458 ; 11 Wr. 51 ; 2 S. 238 ; 8 S. 474. 
 As to existence of plaintiff on the record, 10 S. 436. 
 For variance, 11 S. & R. 98. 
 For misnomer, 8 W. 485 ; 2 W. & S. 156 ; 5 W. & S. 
 
 215 ; 10 S. 436. 
 For pendency of other suit, 2 W. & S. 190 ; 1 Wh. 312. 
 Replication or demurrer to, necessity for, 20 S. 249. 
 Discontinuance after, 12 S. 112. 
 Judgment on, 4 W. 325. 
 
 ABDUCTION. 
 
 1. Of child, 2 Y. 115. 
 
 2. Of negro, 4 S. &. R. 218; 3 P. & W. 142. 
 
 ABORTION. 
 
 1. Indictment for, 1 H. 631, 634. 
 
 2. Evidence on trial, 1 II. 631, 634. 
 
 3. Punishment, 1 H. 634. 
 
 ABSENCE. 
 
 1. Of counsel, 3 D. 305. 
 
 2. Of judge, 3 D. 35, 36. 
 
 3. Of party to suit, 2 D. 109, 182; 13 S'. k R. 295. 
 
 4. Of witnesses, 1 D. 81, 136; 2 D. 45, 183, 334; 1 Y. 15, 
 
 284; 1 B. 458; 4 B. 243; 8 W. 77; 2 W. & S. 438; 10 
 Barr 418. 
 
ABSOLUTE— ACCEPTANCE. 5 
 
 ABSOLUTE. 
 
 1. Contract for sale op land, 1 Wr. 360. 
 
 2. Conveyance, 5 "Wr. 256; 12 Wr. 382; 9 S. 267. 
 
 Parol, explanation of. See Parol Evidence. 
 Confirmation of by release of right to redeem, 2 S. 287. 
 Rule for construing. See Deed. 
 
 3. Devise, 1 Y. 189. 
 
 4. Legacy, 11 S. & R. 16; 1 W. 389; 5 W. 191; 8 W. 465; 
 
 3 H. 88; 8 H. 268, 280, 299; 11 H. 9, 31; 2 C. 516; 
 
 4 C. 59; 6 C. 168; 12 C. 120; 3 W. & S. 124; 2 S. 
 258; 8 S. 429. 
 
 ABSOLUTELY. 
 
 Meaning of in limitation over after death of first taker, 14 
 S. 268. 
 
 ABSQUE HOC. 
 
 Effect of ■when added to plea of covenants performed, 8 Barr 
 270; 3 S. 226. 
 
 ABUSE. 
 
 1. Of process. 
 
 When malicious, 4 S. & R. 23; 1 P. & W. 232; 10 W. 
 
 115; 12 H. 212; 6 C. 69; 14 S. 283. 
 Action for, 4 S. & R. 19, 23; 14 S. & R. 386; 1 P. & 
 
 W. 232; 5 W. 375; 10 W. 115; 14 S. 283. 
 
 2. Of licensed authority, 12 C. 313. 
 
 3. By legislation, 10 S. 54. 
 
 ACADEMY. 
 
 1. Subscription to, 1 Wr. 210; 3 Gr. 107. 
 
 2. Power of legislature over title to, 6 W. & S. 353. 
 
 3. Sale of. 
 
 Under mortgage, 11 C. 123. 
 
 ACCEPTOR. See Bills and Notes. 
 
 ACCEPTANCE. See Bills and Notes. 
 
 1. Of deed. 
 
 When presumed ifi law, 14 S. & R. 296 ; 4 Barr 274. 
 
 What implied in, 4 B. 1; 8 S. & R. 92; 10 S. & R. 
 422; 5 W. & S. 51: 10 W. 67, 422; 5 H. 222; 12 
 H. 186; 2C. 438; 11 Wr. 239; 12 Wr. 178; 14 
 Wr. 417'; 8 S. 304 ; 19 S. 100. 
 
 2. Of devise. 
 
 What implied in, 2 D. 244, 246; 1 Y. 189, 192; 2 
 Y. 54, 68, 70; 3 S. & R. 267; 4 S. & R. 213; 1 R. 
 
6 ACCEPTANCE— ACCIDENT INSUEANCE CO. 
 
 « 
 
 ACCEFTANGE— continued. 
 
 386; 6 W. 48, 107; 8 Barr 290; 1 J. 72; 2 J. 38; 
 1 W. & S. 160 ; 1 C. 468 ; 11 Wr. 378 ; 12 Wr. 46 ; 
 
 I Gr. 249. 
 
 3. Of legacy. 
 
 What implied in, 10 H. 288; 1 C. 468; 6 W. 48, 107; 
 
 II Wr. 378; 12 Wr. 46; 2 J. 38; 1 W. & S. 160; 
 IJ. 72; 5 Barr 355. 
 
 4. Of order. 
 
 What implied in, 6 W. & S. 381. 
 
 5. Of personal property under contract, 14 S. 162. 
 
 6. Of real estate in partition. See Partition. 
 
 7. Of service of writ, 2 Wr. 93. 
 
 8. Of service of rules, 6 Barr 194 ; 1 B. 59 ; 8 S. & R. 
 
 41; 16 S. & R. 126; 3 P. & W. 67; 3 H. 59. 
 
 9. Of patents for land, 4 Wr. 261. 
 
 ACCESSORY. 
 
 1. Before the fact, 6 S. 365. 
 
 2. Form of indictment against, 1 C. 221. 
 
 3. Joinder of with principal, 16 S. & R. 304; 6 S. 365. 
 
 4. Arraignment of, 7 S. & R. 489. 
 
 5. Right of to discharge after second term, 16 S. & R. 
 
 304. 
 
 6. Trial of, 1 C. 221. 
 
 7. Punishment of, 6 S. 365. 
 
 ACCIDENT. See also Carriers. 
 
 1. Proof of, 2 Barr 110. 
 
 2. When an excuse, 11 H. 196; 9 S. 211. 
 
 3. Guaranty against, 9 S. 178. 
 
 4. Proof of death resulting from, 19 S. 43, 51. 
 
 ACCIDENTAL. 
 
 1. Erasure, 8 W. 448. 
 
 2. Death, 19 S. 43, 51. 
 
 ACCIDENT INSURANCE COMPANY. 
 
 1. Right of. 
 
 To notice of under policy, 19 S. 43. 
 
 2. Construction of policy, 19 S. 43. 
 
ACCOMMODATION— ACCOUNT BOOK. 7 
 
 ACCOMMODATION. 
 
 1. Acceptor. 
 
 Suit by after payment, 8 Wr. 356. 
 
 2. Endorser. 
 
 What constitutes an, 3 Gr. 33, 114; 1 S. 190. 
 Rights of; 2 Wh. 344; 1 C. 161; 11 0. 250. 
 Liability of, 5 Wr. 214; 1 C. 61; 12 S. & R. 382; 11 C. 
 250; 2 Wh. 344; 6 Wh. 446; 3 Gr. 114; 8 S. 97. 
 
 3. Note. 
 
 Nature of, 3 Barr 386; 8 H. 384; 1 C. 61 : 4 C. 189; 
 
 6 C. 138; 5 S. 73. 
 Maker of. 
 
 Rights of, 2 Barr 416; 12 S. & R. 382; 8 H. 384; 12 
 
 C. 285. 
 Liability of, 8 H. 384; 1 C. 61; 6 C. 138; 12 C. 285. 
 Endorsee of. 
 
 Rights, 4 C. 233. 
 Liability of, 2 Wh. 344; 12 S. 23. 
 Holder of. 
 
 Rights, 11 S. & R. 388; 3 Barr 381; 6 C. 138; 3 Gr. 
 
 299" 5 S. 73. 
 Liability,' 8 H. 384; 5 S. 73. 
 
 ACCORD AND SATISFACTION. 
 
 1. Proof of, 8 Barr 106; 4 H. 450; 5 C. 179; 7 C. 106; 2 
 
 Wr. 147; 5 Wr. 97. 
 
 2. Tender of, 5 Wr. 97. 
 
 3. When SUFFICIENT, 11 S. & R. 52; 15 S. & R. 162; 5 
 
 Wh. 319; 2 W. 424; 4 W. 126; 9 W. 273, 280; 5 W. 
 & S. 486; 5 Barr 440; 1 J. 174; 4 H. 450; 5 C. 179, 
 448; 3 W. & S. 276; 7 C. 106; 3 Wr. 226; 12 Wr. 
 477; 13 Wr. 65, 83; 1 S. 357; 2 S. 498; 12 S. 393; 
 
 13 S. 341, 342; 20 S. 253, 315. 
 
 4. Effect of, 8 S. & R. 243; 8 Barr 93, 106; 10 Barr 403; 
 
 14 Wr. 32 ; 20 S. 315. 
 
 5. Must be specially pleaded, 8 W. 355; 8 Barr 93; 2 
 
 Wr. 147; 5 Wr. 97; 6 Wr. 126; 12 Wr. 477. 
 
 ACCORDING TO LAW. 
 Meaning of in will, 11 H. 317. 
 
 ACCOUNT BOOK. 
 
 1. How to be kept, 1 D. 85, 238; 9 S. & R. 285; 16 S. & 
 R. 133; 1 W. & S. 468; 2 W. & S. 9; 5 W. & S. 377; 
 6 W. & S. 350; 2 J. 168; 5 H. 389; 4 S. & R. 5; 5 
 
8 ACCOUNT BOOK. 
 
 ACCOUNT BOOK— continued. 
 
 W. 323; 5 C. 257; 12 Wr. 531; 13 Wr. 88; 3 Gr. 195, 
 205, 233; 12 S. 136. 
 
 2. What are original, 1 D. 85, 310 ; 2 D. 217 ; 1 Y. 321 ; 
 
 4 S. & R. 3; 5 S. & R. 404; 9 S. & R. 285; 12 S. & R. 
 80; 13 S. & R. 126; 14 S. & R. 212; 16 S. & R. 133; 1 
 R. 435, 441; 4 R. 291, 404; 3 Wh. 75; 6 Wh. 151, 
 189; 2 W. 347, 451; 3 W. 325; 4 W. 258; 5 W. 286, 
 432; 8 W. 544; 1 J. 248; 11 H. 156, 159. 
 
 3. How PROVED, 2 D. 217; 1 Y. 321; 2 Y. 213; 1 B. 234; 
 
 12 S. & R. 80, 82; 17 S. & R. 99; 2 W. & S. 137; 7 
 Barr 327; 9 Wr. 33; 12 S. 136. 
 
 Dispensed with on trial unless affidavit be filed deny- 
 ing account, 9 S. 344. 
 
 4. Effect of alteration or erasure in, 6 Wh. 146 ; 1 J. 
 
 249. 
 
 5. Of party since deceased, 1 W. & S. 356; 9 W. & S. 66; 
 
 12 S. 136. 
 
 6. Of agent, 1 Y. 199; 4 Y. 341; 9 S. & R. 285; 11 H. 
 
 159; 12 S. 136; 15 S. 64. 
 
 7. Of attorney at laav, 12 Wr. 22. 
 
 8. Of consignee, 2 Y. 254. 
 
 9. Of corporation, 9 Wr. 32. 
 
 10. Of foreign merchant, 2 Y. 253. 
 
 11. Of secretary of land office, 1 D. 65. 
 
 12. How affected by character of party, 10 S. & R. 155; 
 
 6 C. 257. 
 
 13. Admissibility of in evidence. 
 
 Against original debtor, 1 D. 238, 276; 4 W. 46 ; 8 W. 
 
 257; 7W. & S. 429. 
 Against party making entry, 3 Barr 187 ; 14 S. 343. 
 Of goods sold, 1 D. 239; 1 Y. 198, 347; 4 S. & R. 3; 
 
 12 S. & R. 80; 4 Wh. 92, 97; 4 W. & S. 290; 6 
 
 W. & S. 350; 7 Barr 327; 8 Barr 218; 2 Wh. 32; 
 
 5 W. & S. 377; 2 Gr. 380; 3 Gr. 233; 9 S. 344; 
 
 12 S. 136. 
 Work done, 2 Wh. 277; 3 Barr 414; 2 C. 384; 12 S. & 
 
 R. 405; 12 Wr. 531; 3 Gr. 233. 
 Money paid or delivered, 1 Y. 347 ; 1 D. 85 ; 2 B. 428 ; 
 
 8 W. 3.1. 
 Part performance of special contract, 5 W. & S. 382 ; 1 
 
 W. & S. 60. 
 
ACCOUNT BOOK— ACCOUNTS SETTLED. 9 
 
 ACCOUNT BOOK— continued. 
 
 As to entries of credit, 13 Wr. 507. 
 Casual sales out of parties' regular business, 1 J. 310. 
 To show collateral facts, 5 S. & R. 226. 
 To explain receipt, 6 S. 90. 
 Correction of errors in, 11 Wr. 115. 
 14. Copy when admissible in evidence, 1 D. G5, 85 ; 2D. 
 217, 257 ; 1 Y. 213 ; 2 Y. 255 ; 3 P. & W. 274 ; 12 S. 
 & R. 263 ; 2 Barr 323 ; 9 S. 344. 
 
 ACCOUNT CURRENT. 
 
 1. Effect of when rendered, 3 W. & S. 109 ; 4 W. 46 ; 7 
 
 Barr 281 ; 3 H. 236. 
 
 2. Interest on, 1 D. 265, 315; 2 D. 193; 16 S. & R. 257; 
 
 9 Wr. 394; 12 H. 310; 6 C. 346. 
 
 3. When evidence, 3 W. & S. 109 ; 2 Barr 323. 
 
 4. Appropriation of payments on. See Appropriation of 
 
 Payment. 
 
 ACCOUNT OPEN. 
 
 Interest on, 1 D. 266, 315; 2 D. 193; 16 S. & R. 257; 9 
 Wr. 394; 12 H. 310; 6 C. 346. 
 
 ACCOUNTS MUTUAL. 
 
 1. What are, 7 Barr 381. 
 
 2. Effect of Statute of Limitations on, 17 S. & R. 347 ; 
 
 1 W. & S. 467. 
 
 3. Extinguishment of, 1 R. 291 ; 8 W. 39, 260 ; 9 W. 179, 
 . 183; 2 W. & S. 70; 8 W. & S. 318, 406 ; 8 Barr 407. 
 
 ACCOUNT OP SALES. 
 
 When evidence, 1 D. 16 ; 7 Barr 281; 10 Barr 321; 1 J. 
 418; IH. 313. 
 
 ACCOUNTS STATED. 
 
 1. What are, 7 Barr 281, 305; 1 J. 418; 1 H. 310, 318; 10 
 
 H. 454; 12 C. 156; 3 Gr. 195. 
 
 2. When evidence. 
 
 Generally, 12 S. & R. 405; 4 W. & S. 141; 2 Barr 323; 
 
 1 J. 415; 3 C. 278; 6 C. 75; 3 Gr. 195. 
 As between partners, 6 S. & R. 333; 4 W. & S. 514. 
 Merchant and factor, 2 D. 265 ; 2 B. 325. 
 
 ACCOUNTS SETTLED. 
 
 1. When evidence, 2 Y. 113; 7 Barr 305; 4 Y. 361; 3 Gr. 
 195; 20 S. 184. 
 
10 ACCOUNTS SETTLED— ACCOUNT OE EXECUTORS, &c. 
 
 ACCOUNTS S'ETTL^'D— continued. 
 
 2. Correction of errors in, 3 W. & S. 109; 1 J. 368; 20 
 
 S. 184. 
 
 3. Interest on, 20 S. 184. 
 
 ACCOUNTS PUBLIC. 
 
 1. Settlement of. 
 
 What to be included in, 5 S. 496. 
 
 Notice of, 3 0. 272; 3 Gr. 61; 2 S. 451; 5 S. 448. 
 
 When final, 3 Y. 543; 4 Y. 361; 2 R. 40; 1 P. & W. 
 
 52; 9 W. 109; 6 Barr 124; 7 C. 406; 8 Wr. 57; 9 
 
 Wr. 507; 2 C. 236, 272; 9 W. & S. 109; 2 S. 451; 
 
 12 S. 422. 
 Effect of, on sureties of officer, 3 D. 502 ; 6 B. 292 ; 8 S. 
 
 & R. 110 ;. 1 W. 147 ; 9 W. & S. 109. 
 Right of Commonwealth to settle, 9 Wr. 507. 
 Lieu of, 4 Y. 12, 63; 3 B. 91. 
 
 2. Revision of since Act of 1815, 1 R. 282. 
 
 3. Appeal from settlement, 3 B. 90; 1 P. & W. 252, 281; 
 
 9 W. 109; 9 H. 385; 7 C. 406; 3 C. 272; 16 S. 64. 
 
 ACCOUNT OF ASSIGNEES FOR CREDITORS AND 
 TRUSTEES. 
 
 1. Form op, 14 S. & R. 236; 10 H. 500. 
 
 2. When to be filed, 10 H. 500. 
 
 3. Who may inquire into, 10 H. 427, 500, 
 
 4. Power of court over, 3 Wh. 495 ; 10 H. 500 ; 10 Barr 
 
 435. 
 
 5. Power of auditor over, 9 W. 156; 9 Wr. 394; 12 H. 
 
 180; 10 Barr 435. 
 
 As to award of issue on, 9 S. 190. 
 
 6. Who may claim on Distribution, 2 W. ci S. 557 ; 9 W. 
 
 & S. 156. 
 
 7. When evidence, 2 J. 323. 
 
 8. Appeal to Supreme Court on, 3 R. 205. 
 
 ACCOUNT OF EXECUTORS AND ADMINISTRATORS. 
 1. Form of. 
 
 Generally, 2 B. 294 ; 11 S. & R. 204 : 14 S. & R. 226 ; 
 6 W. & S. 190 ; 8 W. & S. 402 ; 5 Wh. 228 ; 2 
 Barr 432; 3 Barr 425; 6 Barr 35. 
 As to dates, 7 S. 46. 
 
 Where there are more than one, 3 R. 243; 15 S. & R. 
 57; 17 S. & R. 59; 1 Wh. 101; 5 H. 268; 10 H. 
 445; 6 S. 409. 
 
ACCOUNT OF EXECUTOHS, &c. 11 
 
 ACCOUNT OF EXECUTORS, kc— continued. 
 
 Need not be joint, 16 S. & R. 129; 1 W. & S. 291, 295. 
 
 Eifect of joint account, 5 H. 268. 
 
 Should not include distribution, 6 Barr 35 ; 9 H. 320 ; 
 
 12 S. 154. 
 Affidavit to, 12 S. & R. 171. 
 
 2. Partial, 2 Barr 432; 2 H. 371; 13 S. 355. 
 
 3. Final, 4 W. & S. 469; 3 R. 243; 3 11. 103; 1 J. 443; 
 
 7 H. 138; 10 H. 445; 13 S. 355. 
 
 4. Supplemental, 4 C. 376; 3 Wr. 186; 7 S. 43. 
 
 5. Presumption as to settlement of, 1 J. 443; 7 H. 138; 
 
 3 Wr. 369. 
 
 6. Filing of. 
 
 Where to be filed, 4 C. 376; 13 S.-355. 
 
 When to be filed, 1 Y. 250; 6 B. 405; 9 S. & R. 133; 7 
 
 H.416;4C. 376. 
 By whom, 16 S. & R. 129. 
 Notice of, 10 H. 445. 
 
 7. Conclusiveness of, 1 D. 164; 2 S. & R. 518; 3 S. & R. 
 
 199; 4 S. & R. 248; 7 S. & R. 7; 2 W. 164, 209, 214; 
 10 S. & R. 248; 14 S. & R. 390; 17 S. & R. 336; 1 R. 
 357: 2 R. 287; 2 P. & W. 321; 2 W. 164, 252; 5 W. 
 90; '6 Barr 141; 1 H. 650; 4 H. 499; 1 J. 436; 3 Wr. 
 186; 7 S. 43; 12 S. 153. 
 
 8. What proof of, 3 S. & R. 200; 9 S. & R. 57; 10 Barr 
 
 240. 
 
 9. Exceptions to. 
 
 When barred, 3 Wr. 186;' 10 H. 445. 
 Who may except, 1 R. 357; 5 W. 84, 90; 2 Barr 432; 1 
 H. 188, 650; 3 H. 403; 10 H. 445; 2 Gr. 83. 
 . When to be filed, 3 R. 243; 5 Wh. 577. 
 Withdrawal of, 10 H. 445. 
 
 10. Auditing of. 
 
 Powers of auditor, 7 W. 64; 12 H. 181; 6 S. 409. 
 Admissibility of accountant as witness, 15 S. 298. 
 Surcharge enures to benefit of estate, 8 C. 495; 9 C. 395; 
 
 10 C. 473. 
 Distribution where separate accounts are filed, 11 C. 316. 
 
 11. Power of court over. 
 
 To postpone, 1 Y. 250 ; 6 Barr 405. 
 As to division of commissions, 14 S. 67. 
 To open, 11 S. & R. 204; 6 W. 150 ; 15 S. & R. 317 ; 7 
 W. 71 ; 2 Barr 432; 6 Barr 141; 2 H. 430. 
 
12 ACCOUNT OF EXECUTORS, &c. 
 
 ACCOUNT OF EXECUTORS, kc— continued. 
 
 To review, 1 R. 857; 5 Wh. 557; 5 W. 90; 6 Barr 141; 
 3 R. 243 ; 10 Barr 144, 469; 7 S. 43. 
 
 To order account, 7 H. 138; 9 Wr. 379; 10 Wr. 131. 
 
 To reform by charging items omitted in previous ac- 
 count, 7 S. 43. 
 
 As to costs, 10 C. 183. 
 
 12. Confirmation of, 1 Y. 250; 4 B. 61 ; 6 B. 405; 9 S. & 
 
 R. 133; 11 S. & R. 252, 422, 441; 17 S. & R. 336; 1 
 R. 317; 2 R. 243, 287, 302, 420, 443; 2 W. 164, 214; 
 6 W. & S. 190; 2 Barr 432; 6 Barr 141; 10 Barr 144, 
 243; 2 H. 316, 430; 1 J. 443; 3 Wr. 186; 4 Wr. 306; 
 9 Wr. 375; 7 S. 43. 
 
 13. Transcript of balance. 
 
 Form of certificate, 2 H. 209. 
 
 Wlien to be filed, 5 W. 363. 
 
 Where to be filed, 7 Barr 261; 12 S. 198. 
 
 Lien of, 11 S. & R. 252; 4 W. 71; 3 Barr 369; 2 H. 
 
 209. 
 Scire facias on, 5 W. 365; 12 S. 198. 
 Effect of on right to sue execution out of Orphans' Court, 
 
 12 S. 198. 
 
 14. Appeal to Supreme Court on, 15 S. & R. 65; 3 R. 243; 
 
 6 Barr 141 ; 10 H. 445; 3 C. 119. 
 
 ACCOUNT OF GUARDIANS. 
 
 1. Form of, 8 S. & R. 12; 2 W. 295; 10 C. 173; 5 Wr. 494. 
 
 Should include only actual receipts and expenditures, 19 
 S. 350, 352. 
 
 2. As TO triennial settlements, 1 p. & W. 282; 5 Barr 93; 
 
 7 Barr 249; 10 C. 177; 5 S. 428. 
 
 3. When to be filed, 2 H. 463. 
 
 4. Where to be filed, 3 II. 89. 
 
 5. When not to be received, 3 S. 500. 
 
 6. Where thereareseveral WARDS, 8 S. &R. 12; 12 S. 198. 
 
 7. When evidence of settlement, 6 B. 16; 7 Barr 248; 12 
 
 S. 318. 
 
 8. What to be included in final, 7 Barr 249 ; 10 C. 177 ; 
 
 5 S. 428. 
 
 9. Conclusiveness op, 1 P. & W. 282 ; 10 Barr 527. 
 
 10. Review of, 12 S. 118. 
 
 11. Power of parties over, 4 S. & R. Ill ; 2 Wh. 494. 
 
 12. Power of auditor over, 12 H. 180 ; 9 Wr. 394 ; 8 S. 
 
 142. 
 
ACCOUNT OF GUAKDIANS— ACCOUNT RENDEE. 13 
 
 ACCOUNT OF GUA^mA^S— continued. 
 
 13. Power of Orphans' Court over, 6 S. & R. 402 ; 10 Ban- 
 
 527 ;, 8 H. 474 ; 9 H. 341 ; 1 C. 213 ; 3 C. 226 ; 12 S. 
 318, 436. 
 
 14. Confirmation of, 6 S. & R. 462 ; 2 Wb. 494 ; 10 Barr 
 
 527. 
 
 15. Power of ward's creditor to intervene between guar- 
 
 dian AND WARD, 19 S. 352. 
 
 16. Transcript of. 
 
 When to be filed, 3 H. 87. 
 
 Where to be filed, 3 H. 87. 
 
 Scire facias on, 3 H. 87. 
 
 Appeal to Supreme Court on, 3 Wr. 186 ; 1 Wr. 323. 
 
 16. Act of 1840 relative to, construed, 12 H. 318. 
 
 ACCOUNT RENDER. 
 
 1. Jurisdiction of Court of Equity in, 2 Wr. 257 ; 6 Wr. 
 
 389 ; 9 Wr. 67. 
 
 2. Proceedings prior to appointment of master, 13 S. 
 
 273. 
 
 3. Effect of dismissal of bill in, 9 Wr. 67. 
 
 4. Parties to actions. 
 
 Attorney and client, 4 W. 420. 
 
 Bailiff and receiver, 1 D. 340 ; 1 Y. 127 ; 3 S. 146 ; 7 
 
 S. 247. 
 Landlord and tenant, 1 W. & S. 530. 
 Legatee and executor, 2 R. 287. 
 Partners, 1 D. 340 ; 4 Y. 370 ; 3 B. 317 ; 10 S. & R. 
 
 220 ; 15 S. & R. 153 ; 3 P. & W. 295 ; 6 Wh. 615 ; 
 
 6 Barr 283 ; 1 W. & S. 342 ; 4 Barr 137 ; IJ. 53 ; 
 
 6 H. 351 ; 8 C. 202 ; 1 Wh. 107 ; 6 S. 183 : 11 S. 
 
 258 ; 6 S. 188 ; 15 S. 126. 
 Vendee of partners, 9 H. 76. 
 Principal and agent, 4 W. 422 ; 3 S. 146. 
 Supercargo, 2 S. & R. 317. 
 
 Sherifi"s vendee of partner's interest in firm, 15 S. 126. 
 Tenants for life, 12 H. 162. 
 Tenants in common, 3 B. 317 ; 4 S. & R. 272 ; 10 S. & R. 
 
 219, 222 ; 17 S. 153 ; 4 W. & S. 550 ; 3 P. & W. 
 
 295 ; 7 W. 483 ; 1 Barr 166 ; 9 C. 492; 12 S. 252. 
 Trustee and cestui que trust, 2 W. 95 ; 7 Barr 175, 287 ; 
 
 3 S. 146. 
 
 5. Where action to be brought, 10 S. & R. 227 ; 5 Wh. 
 
 448. 
 
14 ACCOUNT BENDER. 
 
 ACCOUNT RENDER— cowfmwed 
 
 6. When the action lies, 3 Y. 251 ; 6 B. 283 ; 4 S. & R. 
 
 272; 4 W. 420; 6 Wh. 615. 
 
 7. When it does not lie, 1 D. 370 ; 10 S. & R. 222 ; 15 S. 
 
 & R. 153 ; 3 P. & W. 295 ; 6 Wh. 615 ; 1 W. & S. 342; 
 6 Barr 283 ; 8 Barr 514. 
 
 8. Amicable action in, 14 Wr. 630. 
 
 9. Foreign attachment in, 9 Wr. 416. 
 10. Proceedings in. 
 
 Writ. 
 
 Service of, 2 Y. 281. 
 Holding defendant to bail in, 2 Y. 280. 
 Declaration. 
 
 Generally, 5 B. 568. 
 
 Between partners, 1 D. 339; 6 Barr 283. 
 
 Between tenants in common, 10 S. & R. 221 ; 6 Barr 283. 
 
 Between bailiff and receiver, 6 Barr 281 ; 10 S. & R. 
 
 227 ; 4. W. & S. 550. 
 Joinder of counts in, 4 W. & S. 550. 
 Effect of blank in, 10 S. & R. 227. 
 Amendment of, 14 S. & R. 200. 
 Pleas in. 
 
 Fully accounted, 5 S. & R., 411 ; 15 S. & R. 153. 
 Ne unqueas bailiff, 5 B. 568 ; 15 S. & R. 153. 
 When to be filed, 2 W, 95. 
 Evidence in.' 
 
 Competency of witnesses, 9 Wr. 67. 
 
 For plaintiff, 1 D. 340 ; 3 Y. 351 ; 14 S. & R. 200 ; ' 
 
 15 S. & R. 153 ; 2 W. 66 ; 6 Barr 283. 
 For defendant, 3 S. & R. 7. 
 Judgment quod computet, 2 S. & R. 317 ; 1 P. & W. 135 ; 
 
 2 W. 95; 2 C. 288; 3 S. 146. 
 Before auditors. 
 
 Substitution of, 14 Wr. 530. 
 
 Power of auditor, 5 B. 433 ; 5 Wr. 129 ; 13 Wr. 
 
 245 ; 14 Wr. 530 
 Report of, 4 Y. 514 ; 5 B. 433 ; 3 S. & R. 7. 
 Filing of report, 4 Y. 358; 3 B. 474; 5 B. 433, 537. 
 Exceptions to report, 4 Y. 358 ; 3 B. 474 ; 5 B. 423, 
 
 533, 537. 
 Scire facias on report, 5 B. 433 ; 3 S. & R. 7. 
 Report, power of Court over, 5 B. 533 ; 8 C. 299 ; 13 
 Wr. 245. 
 Award of issue by, 5 B. 533. 
 
 Evidence on trial of issue, 5 B. 438 ; 14 S. & R. 200 ; 9 
 Wr. 67. 
 
ACCOUNT RENDER— ACTIONS. 15 
 
 ACCOUNT RENDER— conimwec^. 
 Before arbitrators. 
 
 Under Act of 1705, 2 Y. 95 ; 3 Y. 150. 
 
 Under Act of 1810, 2 S. & R. 201 ; 4 S. & R. 76 ; 
 
 7 S. & R. 201. 
 Testimony before, 2 S. & R. 201 ; 9 Wr. 67. 
 Award quod computet by, 7 S. & R. 201. 
 Report by, 4 Y. 514; 10 S. & R. 227, 230; 13 S. & 
 
 R. 112; 1 Wh. 107; 3 11. llS. 
 Report, defects cured by, 10 S. & R. 227. 
 Report, exceptions to, 4 Y. 358, 433 ; 3 B. 475. 
 Appeal to Common Pleas. 
 
 Trial of, 5 B. 433 ; 14 S. & R. 200. 
 
 Verdict, 4 D. 289 ; 5 B. 564, 568 ; 2 S. & R. 317 ; 10 
 
 S. & R. 227 ; 5 Wh. 451 ; 3 S. 146. 
 Judgment, 5 B. 568 ; 2 S. & R. 317. 
 
 ACCRETION. 
 
 Right of riparian owner to, 2 C. 51. 
 
 ACCRUING. 
 
 1. Dividends, 6 Wr. 479 ; 13 Wr. 276. 
 
 2. Interest. See Interest. 
 
 ACCUMULATION. 
 
 Trust for, 10 Barr 326 ; 9 Wr. 9 ; 14 S. 95. 
 
 ACKNOWLEDGMENT. 
 
 1. Of contract for sale of wife's real estate, 10 AVr. 
 
 455; 12 Wr. 130; 2 S. 400; 11 S. 314. 
 
 2. Of deed. See Deeds. 
 
 3. Of mortgage. See Mortgages. 
 
 ACQUIESCENCE. 
 
 1. Presumption of, 5 S. 351. 
 
 2. Estoppel by, 1 C. 282 ; 5 C. 495 ; 7 C. 331 ; 7 Wr. 67 ; 
 
 12 Wr. 388; 13 Wr. 133. 
 
 ACTIONS. 
 
 1. Definition of, 3 D. 321 ; 2 S. & R. 197. 
 
 2. When improper, 6 H. 275. 
 
 3. At common law, 9 S. & R. 367 ; 11 S. & R. 275 ; 17 S. 
 
 & R. 211. 
 
 4. Statutory, 2 Y. 458 ; 1 S. & R. 32 ;' 3 S. & R. 273 ; 4 
 
 S. & R. 151 ; 6 S. & R. 20, 289 ; 13 S. & R. 45 ; 14 S. 
 
16 ACTIONS. 
 
 ACTIONS — continued. 
 
 k E. 10, 65, 164, 165 ; 2 W. 9 ; 3 W. 330 ; 8 W. 280 ; 
 2 W. & S. 418, 463; 3 W. & S. 460, 540; 8 W. & S. 
 162 ; 1 Barr 228 ; 4 Barr 18 ; 7 Barr 42 ; 10 Barr 140 ; 
 2 J. 361, 362 ; 2 H. 65 ; 10 H. 476 ; 1 C. 165 ; 3 C. 
 109 ; 11 S. 152 ; 1 S. 96 ; 2 Gr. 103 ; 8 S. 295 ; 9 
 S. 23. 
 
 5. Concurrent, 6 Wh. 164. 
 
 6. Legal and equitable. 
 
 Relative rights and duties of parties to, 7 Wr. 439. 
 
 7. When legally "entered," 3 B. 209; 7 S. & R. 10; 1 
 
 W. 23. 
 
 8. Election op, 2 Wh. 183; 5 Wh. 84; 6 Barr 361; 4 W. 
 
 & S. 179; 6 W. 10; 7 S. 295; 12 S. 110. 
 
 9. Abatement of. See Abatement. 
 
 10. Waiver of right to, 10 Wr. 74. 
 
 11. Waiver of objection to form of, 8 H. 432. 
 
 12. Effect of commencement of, on Statute of Limita- 
 
 tions, 5 R. 249; 3 H. 395; 12 H. 367; 4 C. 261. 
 
 13. Joinder of, 2 S. & R. 358; 5 S. & R. 536; 16 S. & R. 
 
 375; 2 W. 371; 4 W. & S. 362, 492. 
 
 14. General rules. 
 
 As to parties' plaintiff, 5 B. 520; 1 S. & R. 241; 8 S. 
 
 & R. 308; 12 S. & R. 16; 2 R. 67 ; 4 Wh. 74; 6 
 
 Wh. 79 ; 2 W. 104, 373 ; 4 W. 184 ; 6 W. 183 ; 1 
 
 Barr 334; 3 Barr 330; 5 Barr 110, 123, 520; 6 
 
 Barr 348 ; 7 Barr 243 ; 9 Barr 229 ; 11 H. 614 ; 2 
 
 C. 475 ; 11 C. 364 ; 11 Wr. 115 ; 1 Gr. 21 ; 2 
 
 Gr. 339. 
 Defendants, 1 D. 154; 12 S. & R. 16; 6 W. 182; 1 
 
 Barr 334 ; 3 Barr 330 ; 5 Barr 123 ; 2 H. 42 ; 2 C. 
 
 85,181; 11 C. 364; 1 Gr. 21. 
 Joinder of parties, 10 S. & R. 213; 14 S. & R. Ill; 2 
 
 W. & S. 360 ; 2 H. 42 ; 11 C. 128, 331 ; 1 W. 229 ; 
 
 2 W. 371 ; 4 W. 456 ; 7 W. 448 ; 9 H. 349 ; 2 W. 
 
 & S. 327; 5 Barr 103, 113, 287; 13 Wr. 277; 3 
 
 Gr. 51 ; 1 Gr. 21 ; 12 S. 393. 
 As to privity between parties, 10 Barr 274 ; 2 J. 236. 
 Substitution of parties, 10 H. 9 : 5 C. 78 ; 8 Barr 233. 
 Severance, 1 S. & R. 492 ; 2 S. & R. 102 ; 16 S. & 
 
 R. 375. 
 Husband and wife, 9 H. 349 ; 1 W. 229 ; 6 W. 101 ; 7 
 
 W. 113, 328; 8 W. 412; 6 W. & S. 346; 1 Barr 
 
 176; 5 Barr 103. 
 
ACTION. 17 
 
 A C TION— CO ntinued. 
 
 As to cause of action. 
 
 Distinction between suits for specific articles and for 
 
 damages, 2 D. 254. 
 Must have fully accrued, 1 D. 128 ; 2 D. 242 ; 4 D. 
 
 419 ; 5 S. & E. 19 ; 10 S. & E. 155 ; 11 S. & E. 
 
 45; 5 Wh. 87; 6 Wh. 79; 4 W. & S. 205; 6 
 
 W. & S. 179 ; 9 Barr 347 ; 4 H. 159 ; 12 H. 114, 
 
 154; 8 C. 506; 10 C. 38. 
 Must appear on record, 2 D. 110 ; 4 Y. 6 ; 3 Wr. 274 ; 
 
 4 Wr. 458. 
 
 Claims must not be inconsistent, 6 S. & E. 476 ; 5 
 
 Barr 500. 
 Division of claims, 6 S. & E. 51 ; 11 S. & E. 75, 78 ; 
 
 5 Wh. 312; 3 W. & S. 136; 5 Barr 153. 
 Previous demand, 11 H. 21; 12 H. 88; 8 C. 22; 10 
 
 C. 12. 
 When cause is also a public duty, 8 W. & S. 577 ; 2 
 
 H. 168; 12 H. 308. 
 Where transaction is forbidden by law, 4 S. & E. 151 ; 
 
 1 W. & S. 181 ; 5 Barr 82. 
 Enforcementof voluntary service or obligation, 1 C. 112. 
 Enforcement of sentence of criminal court, 17 S. & E. 
 
 9 ; 1 Wh. 63 ; 10 W. 117. 
 Enforcement of judgment of other civil tribunal, 9 S. 
 
 6 E. 252 ; 14 S. & E. 162 ; 2 E. 431. 
 For continuance of tort, 9 C. 143. 
 
 Withdrawal of, 17 S. & E. 94 ; 10 C. 91 ; 11 C. 216. 
 Eule to show cause of, 2 D. 110; 4 Y. 6, 443; 2 Y. 
 547. 
 
 15. Effect of on contract, 4 E. 273 ; 7 C. 448. 
 
 16. Consolidation of, 1 D. 145, 147, 355; 1 Y. 5; 4 Y. 
 
 128 ; 3 S. & E. 262, 387 ; 16 S. & E. 375 ; 7 W. 362 ; 
 7 W. & S. 434 ; 6 H. 162 ; 7 Barr 65 ; 17 S. 134. 
 
 17. Continuance of, 1 D. 9, 81, 136, 248, 452 ; 2 D. 95, 
 
 109, 152, 183, 334, 384; 3 D. 35, 36, 305, 512; 1 Y. 
 18, 20; IB. 458; 4 B. 243; 16 S. &E. 98; 2E. 213; 
 4E. 163; 2 P. & W. 412. 
 
 18. Discontinuance of, 1 D. 130, 139, 412 ; 3 D. 42, 346 ; 4 
 
 D. 222; 2 Y. 530; 3 Y. 42; IB. 501; 2 B. 254,454; 
 6 B. 389 ; 5 S. & E. 399 ; 1 E. 341 ; 6 W. & S. 147. 
 
 19. Abatement of, 11 S. & E. 131 ; 16 S. & E. 297, 300 ; 1 
 
 Wh. 311 ; 8 W. 121, 460 ; 1 W. & S. 438 ; 3 Barr 93 ; 
 12 H. 114 ; 2 P. & W. 126 ; 9 Barr 128 ; 8 S. 70, 474 ; 
 10 S. 436; 12 S. 112. 
 
18 ACTION— ACTS OF WENEKAL ASSEMBLE. 
 
 AGTIOK— continued. 
 
 20. Settlement of, 1 P. & W. 132; 2 P. & W. 384; 12 H. 
 
 367; 11 S. &R. 123. 
 
 21. Survivorship op, 7 C. 533 ; 11 C. 331. See Abatement, 2. 
 
 22. Personal. See Assumpsit, Debt, &c. 
 
 23. Real. 
 
 What are in force, 2 B. 192; 1 S. & R. 367; 9 S. & R. 
 367 ; 11 S. & R. 271, 275 ; 17 S. & R. 211 ; 1 R. 44. 
 
 24. Local, 3 S. & R. 500, 503 ; 7 S. & R. 502, 672, 576 ; 3 
 
 P. k W. 180 ; 8 W. 379 ; 9 W. 178. 
 
 25. Transitory, 3 S. & R. 303, 476, 502, 503, 509 ; 6 S. & 
 
 R. 476; 10 S. & R. 114, 219; 2 R. 423; 7 W. 172; 9 
 W. 178 ; 10 W. 453. 
 
 ACTS OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY. 
 
 1. Enactment of, 2 P. & W. 273 ; 5 W. & S. 315 ; 10 H. 
 
 376; 9 C. 202. 
 
 2. Title of, part of act, 3 S. 71 ; 20 S. 311. 
 
 3. Preamble of, 3 D. 238 ; 2 C. 288 ; 19 S. 328. 
 
 4. Enrolment of, 7 C. 432. 
 
 5. Publication of, 2 P. & W. 273 ; 7 C. 432. 
 
 6. Verbal correction of, 3 Wh. 87. 
 
 7. Constitutional provision as to multiplicity of objects, 
 
 IN title, 3 S. 391 ; 8 S. 226 : 14 S. 425. 
 
 8. Recitals in, 4 S. & R. 451. 
 
 9. Proof of, 6 B. 321 ; 12 S. & R. 203 ; 2 W. & S. 156 ; 2 
 
 Barr 85 ; 2 S. 291. 
 
 10. Judicial recognition of, 1 C. 332. 
 
 11. What evidence of, 1 D. 464 ; 1 S. & R. 175. 
 
 12. Void. 
 
 For uncertainty, 11 H. 417. 
 
 For repugnancy, 2 C. 446 ; 3 Gr. 205; 3 S. 62. 
 
 By non user, 4 Y. 181, 215 ; 6 C. 496. 
 
 13. Judicial, 2 W. & S. 271 ; 4 W. & S. 223 ; 5 W. & S. 174 ; 
 
 7 C. 87; 9 C. 495; 3 H. 18; 1 P. & W. 218; 7 Wr. 
 512 ; 9 H. 147 ; 1 Gr. 152 ; 7 S. 369, 433 ; 8 S. 46 ; 11 
 S. 321; 18 S. 45. 
 
 14. Explanatory, 4 W. & S. 223; 2 Barr 22; 9 Barr 110; 5 
 
 H. 524 ; 7 C. 285, 341 ; 3 Wr. 137 ; 7 Wr. 512 ; 11 S. 321. 
 
 15. Confirmatory, 2 D. 316; 2 S. 291; 7 S. 369. 
 
 16. Directory, 2 Y. 458; 2 W. 9; 8 W. 280; 1 Barr 228; 
 
 4 Barr 18 ; 7 Barr 42 ; 10 S. 464. 
 
ACTS OF GENEEAL ASSEMBLY. 19 
 
 ACTS OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY— cowimMed 
 
 17. Incongruous, 3 Gr. 205; 3 S. 62; 5 S. 126; 11 S. 401. 
 
 18. Prospective, 5 C. 113 ; 2 S. 315 ; 7 S. 209. 
 
 19. Ex POST FACTO, 3 D. 380, 390, 391, 401 ; 9 C, 495 ; 7 
 
 S. 433. 
 
 20. Retrospective, 3 D. 386 ; 2 Y. 228 ; 4 S. & R. 401 ; 10 
 
 S. & R. 97, 101 ; 13 S. & R. 357 ; 14 S. & R. 435 ; 16 
 S. & R. 35, 37, 169, 177 ; 17 S. & R. 64 ; 3 Wh. 482 ; 4 
 Wh. 220; 1 W. 330, 356 ; 5 W. 158 ; 7 W. 300 ; 10 W. 
 63 ; 4 W. & S. 401 ; 5 W. & S. 171 ; 1 Barr 218 ; 5 Barr 
 145 ; 9 Barr 108 ; 10 Barr 506 ; IJ. 489 ; 2 H. 435 ; 9 H. 
 243 ; 11 H. 507 ; 12 H. 92 ; 1 C. 289 ; 3 C. 52 ; 5 C. 
 113 ; 9 C. 94, 286, 495 ; 12 C. 29 ; 8 Wr. 179 ; 1 Gr. 
 152 ; 2 Gr. 99 ; 5 S. 81 ; 6 S. 57, 60 ; 7 S. 209, 433 ; 11 
 S. 320 ; 14 S. 493 ; 17 S. 479 ; 18 S. 45. 
 
 21. Enabling, 7 S. 369. 
 
 22. Remedial, 2 Barr 22 ; 7 S. 433. 
 
 23. Special, 1 C. 126 ; 7 0. 87 ; 14 S. & R. 435 ; 2 W. & S. 
 
 418 ; 5 W. & S. 311 ; 2 Barr 277, 393 ; 4 Barr 93 ; 4 H. 
 264; 5 H. 438; 11 H. 437; 7 Wr. 512; 1 Gr. 232; 2 
 S. 291; 7 S. 253, 368. 
 
 24. Repeal of, 1 D. 9 ; 4 D. 373 ; 4 Y. 181, 322, 392 ; 1 B. 601 ; 
 
 1 S. & R. 175 ; 3 S. & R. 169 ; 9 S. & R. 388 ; 15 S. & 
 R. 133 ; 1 W. 258, 382 ; 8 W. 251, 517 ; 10 W. 351 ; 1 
 Wh. 448 : 6 W. & S. 200, 209 ; 7 W. & S. 236 ; 7 Barr 
 173, 174 ; 10 Barr 442 : 7 H. 329 ; 8 H. 374 ; 9 H. 37 ; 
 12 H. 55 ; 2 C. 446 ; 6 C. 156 ; 8 0. 99 ; 9 0. 511 ; 2 
 Gr. 455; 3 Gr. 205; 11 S. 401. 
 
 25. Reservation in of power to repeal or alter, 5 S. 
 
 452, 466. 
 
 26. Revival of, 1 D. 58 ; 6 Wh. 294. 
 
 27. Suspension of, 3 D. 367; 2 Gr. 452. 
 
 28. Expiration of. 
 
 Effect of on proceedings under, 16 S. 42. 
 
 29. Oonstruction of. 
 
 General rules, 1 D. 434 ; 3 D. 233 ; 4 D. 30 ; 1 Y. 501 ; 
 
 2 Y. 146; 4 B. 116 ; 4 0. 23 ; 14 Wr. 150 ; 1 Gr. 
 
 260; 1 S. 391; 2 S. 391; 3 S. 20, 62, 91; 4 S. 8^ 
 
 180 ; 6 S. 305 ; 10 S. 464 ; 12 S. 420 ; 15 S. 311 ; 
 
 20 S. 344. 
 In favor of public convenience and trade, 1 H. 555. 
 Of revised code, 2 Wh. 9 ; 4 W. & S. 186. 
 As to exceptions in, 5 C. 226 ; 3 S. 382. 
 
20 ACTS OF ASSEMBLY— ACTS OF CONGKESS. 
 
 ACTS OF THE GENERAL ASS'EMBLY— continued. 
 
 By legislature, 1 J. 489 ; 9 C. 495 ; 3 Wr. 137 ; 7 Wr. 
 
 512. See ante, 13. 
 As to limitation in proviso, 2 Barr 218. 
 As to appeals allowed by, 5 S. 123. 
 When provisions are repugnant, 1 D. 178 ; 7 H. 211 ; 2 
 
 C. 87 ; 3 S. 62 ; 5 S. 126. See ante, 17. 
 When in pari materia, 9 S. 358. 
 
 As to cases pending, 1 B. 601 ; 10 S. & R. 101 ; 16 S. 
 & R. 35, 191 ; 17 S. & R. 64 ; 5 R. 341 ; 3 W. & 
 S. 271 ; 1 Barr 218 ; 6 Barr 198, 474 ; 6 0. 156 ; 7 
 C. 301; 9 C. 495; 11 C. 271. 
 Effect of general on particular statutes, 20 S. 95. 
 As to cases decided, 16 S. & R. 169; 1 W. 330. 
 To operate prospectively, 9 H. 243 ; 11 H. 501; 3 C. 52 ; 
 
 5 0. 113; 2 S. 315; 7 S. 209, 211. 
 When a " contract," 2 C. 287. 
 As to word "conviction" in, 10 W. 382. 
 As to constructive repeal, 6 W. & S. 200. 
 As to use of past tense in, 3 Y. 82. 
 As to penal laws, 6 W. & S. 269 ; 1 Barr 154 ; 8 Barr 
 
 312 ; 2 Wr. 273. 
 As to costs, 4 B. 13. 
 As to constitutionality of. 
 
 Power of courts to declare, 4 D. 265 ; 1 Y. 260 ; 2 Y. 
 147, 493, 501 ; 3 Y. 300; 1 B. 416; 4 B. 123, 
 355 ; 5 B. 355 ; 3 S. & R. 169 ; 12 S. & R. 330 ; 
 2 W. & S. 271 ; 9 H. 164 ; 3 C. 444 ; 3 S. 391 ; 4 
 S. 353; 6 S. 359; 8 S. 345; 14 S. 154; 16 S. 164. 
 Right of parties to contest, 9 H. 147, 188; 6 C. 9. 
 Presumption in favor of, 2 C. 287 ; 14 Wr. 150. 
 How determined, 9 H. 147 ; 1 Gr. 232. 
 When portions are unconstitutional, 6 S. 359. 
 As to term of public office, 3 S. & R. 145. 
 Printed statutes when evidence, 1 D. 464. 
 
 30. Of other states. 
 
 Proof of, 1 D. 462 ; 1 R. 386 ; 3 C. 479. 
 Right of court to act on, 5 B. 355 ; 12 S. & R. 203; 3 
 C. 479. 
 
 31. Actions on. See Actions, Statutory. 
 ACTS OF CONGRESS. 
 
 1. As TO INVALID PENSIONERS, 2 D. 410. 
 
 2. As TO PREFERENCE OF DEBT DUE THE UNITED STATES, 4 Y. 
 
 251. 
 
 3. Jurisdiction of state courts under, 10 Barr 514. 
 
ACTS OF CONaRESS— ADJOINING LAND OWNERS. 21 
 
 ACTS OF CONGRESS— continued. 
 
 4. Act of June 3, 1864, kelativb to banking, con- 
 
 strued, 6 S. 14. 
 
 5. Acts relative to duties on goods previously con- 
 
 tracted TO BE delivered, 7 S. 326. 
 
 ACTS OF PARLIAMENT. 
 
 1. In FORCE here, 1 D. 67, 74, 75 ; 2 D. 256 ; 4 D. 152, 
 
 168 ; 2 Y. 509 ; 3 Y. 17, 458 ; 4 Y. 47, 53 ; 2 B. 1 ; 3 
 B. App. 595 ; 10 S. & R. 220 ; 5 Wh. 450. 
 
 2. When extended to Pennsylvania, 1 D. 67. 
 
 3. " To BE INCORPORATED," MEANING OF IN REPORT OF JUDGES, 
 
 17 S. & R. 215. 
 
 ACTUS DEI. 
 
 Injury resulting from, 4 R. 24; 4 S. 291 ; 9 S. 178; 13 S. 
 374; 14 S. 106; 18 S. 106. 
 
 ACTUAL POSSESSION. See Possession of Real Estate. 
 
 ACTUAL SETTLEMENT. See Settlement and Improve- 
 ment. 
 
 ACTUAL SETTLER. See Settler. 
 
 ADDITION. 
 
 1. In pleading, 1 D. 60 ; 2D. 92, 335, 342. 
 
 2. To building. See Mechanics' Lien. 
 ADEMPTION OF LEGACY. See Legacy. 
 
 ADJOINING LAND OWNERS. 
 
 1. Right of. 
 
 As to fences, 2 Barr 128; 2 C. 493 ; 3 C. 95; 11 W"r. 
 
 514 ; 18 S. 235. 
 To land within lines, 8 Barr 147. 
 As to grading, 4 Wr. 396. 
 To use of alley, 11 Wr. 239 ; 1 S. 43. 
 
 2. Duties of. 
 
 As to fences, 2 Barr 126, 128, 488 ; 6 H. 367 ; 11 H. 316 ; 
 
 1 C. 78; 2 C. 493; 8 C. 65; 11 Wr. 514. 
 As to drainage, 11 Wr. 154. 
 
 3. Liability. 
 
 As to fences, 4 W. 261 ; 9 W. 567 ; 2 Barr 126, 128, 
 488 ; 6 H. 367, 369 ; 12 H. 308 ; 3 C. 95 ; 8 C. 65 ; 
 10 Wr. 252. 
 
22 ADJOINERS— ADMINISTKATION. 
 
 ADJOINERS. 
 
 Where deed calls for, 4 S. & R. 461 ; 17 S. & R. 104 ; 
 2 Barr 44; 4 Barr 485; 8 Barr 147, 154; 3 H. 213 ; 
 4 H. 232 ; 8 H. 82 ; 7 C. 355 ; 10 C. 195, 198 ; 1 Wr. 
 64 ; 4 Wr. 168 ; 8 Wr. 372 ; 12 Wr. 419 ; 6 S. 69 ; 11 
 S. 146, 163 ; 12 S. 281. 
 
 ADJOINING COUNTIES. 
 lieYj on land in, 1 Gr. 266. 
 
 ADJOURNMENT. 
 
 1. Of Court. 
 
 Definition of, 2 S. 199. 
 
 Power of Court as, to, 2 Y. 209 ; 12 H. 114. 
 
 Effect of on rendition of verdict, 3 Barr 379 ; 2 S. 199 ; 
 
 12 S. 177. 
 Effect of on continuance of term, 9 W. 200 ; 2 Wr. 270 ; 
 
 14 S. 451. 
 
 2. Op arbitratton, 1 S. & R. 425 ; 2 S. & R. 59 ; 6 S. & 
 
 R. 128 ; 10 S. & R. 280 ; 2 P. & W. 114. 
 
 3. Of sheriff's sale. Effect of on previous bid. See 
 
 Sheriff's Sale. 
 
 ADMINISTRATION. 
 
 I. On estate of intestates. 
 
 1. Necessity for, 14 S. & R. 105 ; 1 R. 149 : 3 S. 150. 
 
 2. Relation of, back to death of intestate, 5 W. & S. 
 
 445; 7 S. 493; 18 S. 75, 76. 
 
 3. When granted, 4 S. & R. 201 ; 4 W. 34 ; 2 Barr 157 ; 
 
 10 Barr 261 ; 11 C. 148. 
 
 4. Prima facie evidence of death of intestate, 20 S. 
 
 450. 
 
 5. By whom granted, 4 S. & R. 201 ; 4 W. 34 : 2 Barr 
 
 157; 10 Barr 261; 11 C. 148. 
 
 6. To WHOM, 4 S. & R. 201 ; 4 W. 34, 38 ; 2 Barr 159 ; 
 
 7 Barr 259 ; 10 Barr 454 ; 1 J. 157 ; 4 H. 110 ; 9 C. 
 537 ; 2 Gr. 157 ; 4 S. 175 ; 5 S. 332 ; 7 S. 356 ; 9 S. 
 55; 11 S. 299. 
 
 7. Effect of, 3 P. & W. 185 ; 1 W. & S. 396 ; 5 W. & S. 
 
 440; 1 C. 142; 2 S. 232; 7 S. 493. 
 
 8. Appeal from, 4 S. & R- 412; 6 ^Y. & S. 184; 10 Barr 
 
 261; 2 S. 427. 
 
 9. Renunciation op right to, 16 S. & R. 416 ; 7 Barr 
 
 288; 4H. 116; 7 S. 356; 12 S. 169. 
 
ADMINISTKATION— ADMINISTRATOR. 23 
 
 ADMINISTRATION— conimMfid 
 
 10. Proper mode of impeaching, 12 H. 310 ; 20 S. 450. 
 
 11. Revocation op, 2 W. 175 ; 6 W. 244 ; 7 Ban- 116 ; 1 
 
 J. 157; 7 C. 465; 2 Wr. 331. 
 
 12. When void, 4 R. 382 ; 4 W. 21 ; 7 C. 522 ; 11 C. 148. 
 
 13. Production of letters of, 2 D. 100; 2 S. & R. 4; 20 
 
 S. 450. 
 
 II. Gum testamento annexo, 9 S. & R. 187 ; 10 S. & R. 
 
 14, 549; 16 S. & R. 416; 5 R. 264; 4 W. 34; 5 W. 
 132; 7 C. 465; 3 Gr. 18. 
 
 III. De bonis non, 1 S. & R. 549 ; 2 S. & R. 548 ; 10 S. & 
 R. 346; 3 R. 361 ; 2 P. & W. 482 ; 5 W. 264 ; 9 W. 
 479, 495; 7 Barr 315; 10 Barr 454; 6 H. 179. 
 
 IV. Pendente lite, 4 D. 450; 2 Y. 117, 123; 16 S. & 
 R. 416 ; 2 W. 332 ; 4 W. 34, 382 ; 11 S. & R. 319 ; 7 
 C. 465. 
 
 V. Under foreign letters, 1 D. 456, 459 ; 4 D. 292 ; 1 B. 
 
 63 ; 5 R. 264 ; 3 P. & W. 185 ; 7 H. 476 ; 9 H. 476 ; 
 10 H. 514; 6 Wr. 467; 11 S. 299; 18 S. 151. 
 
 VI. .Ancillary, 2 R. 265; 5 R. 264; 10 S. 325; 11 S 
 478; 18 S. 151. 
 
 VII. On estates op testator. 
 
 1. Proof of, 2 D. 100. 
 
 2. Construction of, 7 W. 44, 51. 
 
 3. Express, 6 W. 356 ; 7 W. 51. 
 
 4. When legally complete, 4 C. 459. 
 
 5. What implied in, 5 B. 575 ; 7 W. 44. 
 
 6. Power of court over, 2 R. 185 ; 2 W. 175. 
 
 7. Renunciation of, 16 S. & R. 416 ; 8 Barr 417 ; 4 C. 
 
 459. 
 
 8. Necessity for naming executors in will, 6 W. 356 ; 
 
 7 W. 51. 
 
 9. Relation between executor and legatees, 12 S. & 
 
 R. 58. 
 
 ADMINISTRATOR. 
 
 I. Appointment of. See Administration. 
 
 1. Bond of. 
 
 As to form, 4 R. 382 ; 7 C. 522 ; 6 Wr. 453. 
 
24 ADMINISTKATOK. 
 
 ADM.im&TRATOn— continued. 
 
 What covered by, 8 W. 214 ; 6 Wr. 453 ; 2 Gr. 83. 
 Presumption as to payment of, 2 P. & W. 97 ; 8 W. 286; 
 
 12 S 153 
 Forfeiture of, 8 S. & R. 128 ; 11 S. & R. 441 ; 1 W. 
 
 437 ; 8 W. 159 ; 4 Barr 346. 
 Limitation to action on, 8 S. & R. 128 ; 1 P. & W. 419 ; 
 
 4 W. 384 ; 6 W. 76 ; 8 W. 286, 515; 1 Wh. 65 ; 7 
 W. & S. 359 ; 2 H. 71. 
 
 Assignment of breach of, 9 S. & R. 63 ; 2 P. & W. 507 ; 
 
 8 W. 159. 
 Suit on, within arbitration law, 2 R. 341. 
 Right of suretv in, 10 S. & R. 469 ; 15 S. & R. 69 ; G 
 
 W. 76 ; 7Barr 265 ; 8 Barr 460 ; 11 Wr. 620. 
 Liability of surety in, 2 R. 222 ; 1 W. 487 ; 4 W. 169 ; 
 
 8 W. 159, 274 ; 4 Barr 344, 367; 7 Barr 265 ; 1 J. 
 
 150 ; 12 C. 359 ; 5 S. 236. 
 Defence to suit on, 9 S. & R. 63 ; 11 S. & R. 441 ; 7 
 
 C. 341. 
 Judgment on, 8 S. & R. 198. 
 
 3. Legal power and authority of. 
 As to control of assets generally, 17 S. & R. 144 ; 4 W. 
 
 138. 
 To iict while validity of letters is pending, 4 S. & R. 202. 
 As to trusts created by intestate, 6 S. 243. 
 As to unexecuted contracts, 1 W. 401 ; 9 W. 98 ; 4 W. 
 
 6 S. 501 ; 7 H. 227.. 
 
 As to collection of rents, 1 C. 97. 
 
 As to collection of debts, 8 S. & R. 299 ; 10 S. & R. 14, 
 
 119; 16 S. & R. 370; 2 R. 118; 7 Barr 492; 8 
 
 Barr 288 ; 1 Gr. 431. 
 As to collection of arrears of annuity, 8 S. & R. 299 ; 8 
 
 Barr 514. 
 To plead Statute of Limitations, 5 B. 573 ; 13 S. & R. 
 
 242 ; 14 S. & R. 196 ; 15 S. & R. 231 ; 1 W. 9 ; 6 
 
 W. 22 , 7 W. 420 ; 9 W. 523 ; 1 Wh. 63, 66 ; 4 Wh. 
 
 130 ; 6 W. & S. 118 ; 7 W. & S. 359 ; 5 Barr 226 ; 
 
 7 C. 455. 
 
 To revive debt barred by Statute of Limitations, 5 B. 
 573 ; 14 S. & R. 195 ; 15 S. & R. 231 ; 1 Wh. 69 ; 
 
 5 Barr 226. 
 
 To appeal from appraisement of collateral inheritance tax, 
 
 2 S. 468. 
 To open account after filing, 2 Barr 149. 
 To appeal from decree of distribution, 3 Gr. 260 ; 4 R. 
 
 268. 
 
ADMINISTRATOR. 25 
 
 ADMINISTRATOR— con^mitedf. 
 
 To recover money paid by mistake, 4 S. & R. 488 ; 2 R. 
 
 118 ; 4 W. k S. 501. 
 As to estates of married women, 9 H. 373. 
 As to sales, 2 Y. 117 ; 4 B. 31 ; 2 S. & R. 4 ; 10 S. & 
 R. 144 ; 13 S. & R. 330; 17 S. & R. 392 ; 1 W. 
 401 ; 2 W. 381 ; 10 W. 30, 300 ; 2 W. & S. 253 ; 
 3 Barr 377 ; 4 Barr 426 ; 7 Barr 133 ; IJ. 300 ; 7 
 H. 416 ; 9 H. 98 ; 5 Wr. 297 ; 1 Gr. 431 ; 16 S. 
 308; 17 S. 385. 
 As to security for purchase-money, 7 Barr 137 ; 11 C. 47 ; 
 
 1 Gr. 399. 
 To bid at sale, 2 Y. 117 ; 2 Wh. 52 ; 7 W. & S. 152 ; 10 
 
 Barr 394 ; 2 II. 446 ; 3 C. 137. 
 As to recognisance in partition, 1 Gr. 216. 
 To transfer stock to self, 6 H. 313. 
 To waive notice by set. fa. before execution, 8 S. 111. 
 To set off purchase-money against creditor of deceased, 1 
 C. 352. 
 As to real estate of deceased. 
 
 To deliver deed for land sold by intestate, 3 W. & S. 253. 
 
 To lease real estate, 1 C. 97. 
 
 To cancel lease, 1 Barr 54. 
 
 To recognisance on sale of, 4 W. 169 ; 1 Gr. 216. 
 
 To recover purchase-money without security in Orphans' 
 
 Court, 16 S. & R. 371. 
 To agree to levy and condemnation of real estate, 4 Y. 
 443; 8 W. 403. 
 To bind heirs, 1 W. 401; 1 J. 300. 
 To sue out execution without sci.fa., 10 S. & R. 116. 
 To join in narr. with claim of intestate, 3 W. & S. 64. 
 To arbitrate suit, 2 Y. 161 ; 5 W. 540. 
 To sue co-administrator, 12 S. & R. 429; 14 S. & R. 357. 
 To be substituted in pending suit, 8 Barr 233. See Action, 21. 
 To sue on contract made with predecessor, 10 S. & R. 14. 
 To sue on promise since death of intestate, 8 S. & R. 402 ; 
 
 2 R. 102; 2 Barr 424. 
 To make aflBdavit of defence, 4 Y. 275. 
 As to distribution of assets, 5 B. 167; 17 S. & R. 31; 4 
 R. 268; 8 W. 483; 5 H. 416; 1 Gr. 361, 366; 3 
 Gr. 260 ; 7 Wr. 115. 
 
 4. Rights of. 
 
 To demand refunding bond, 8 W. 483 ; 4 W. & S. 501 ; 
 
 9 H. 362 ; 1 Gr. 361. 
 To credit for bad debts, 11 S. & R. 204. 
 To credit for costs of suit, 11 H. 206 ; 7 C. 311. 
 
26 ADMINISTKATOK. 
 
 ADMINISTRATOR— con^mwed 
 
 To credit for counsel fee, 3 R. 48 ; 6 Wh. 401 ; 4 Barr 
 
 149; 7 C. 311. 
 To credit for moneys advanced, 1 S. & R. 241 ; 8 S. & R. 
 
 347 ; 9 S. & R. 209 ; 1 P. & W. 188 ; 9 W. & S. 
 
 98 ; 2 Barr 325 ; 4 H. 499 ; 12 H. 498. 
 To compensation, 15 S. & R. 241 ; 6 W. 236 ; 5 Wh. 
 
 567 ; 4 Barr 149. 
 To testify as to account, 7 W. 64 ; 8 Barr 64. 
 To retain claim out of assets, 5 B. 167; 3 S. & R. 200 ; 
 
 7 S. &R. 9; 1 W. 208; 2 W. 414; 2 Barr 227 ; 11 
 
 H. 167. 
 
 5. Duties of. 
 
 As to inventory, 8 S. & R. 128. 
 
 As to collection of debts, 8 S. & R. 299 ; 10 S. & R. 
 
 14, 119 ; 16 S. & R. 370 ; 2 R. 118 ; 7 Barr 492 ; 8 
 
 Barr 288 ; 1 Gr. 431. 
 As to payment of debts, 1 B. 221 ; 3 0. 137. 
 As to immediate wants of family of deceased, 3 R. 48. 
 As to mourning for family, 11 S. & R. 16. 
 As to widow's exemption. See Exemption. 
 As to involving estate in new transactions, 1 S. & R. 241. 
 As purchaser at his own sale, 6 W. & S. 18 ; 16 S. 308, 
 
 311. 
 As to petition for sale of real estate, 1 Gr. 431 ; 17 S. 
 
 335. 
 As to notice to widow and heirs previous to sale, 7 C. 62. 
 As to notice of time and place of sale, 7 H. 416 ; 7 
 
 C. 62. 
 As to distribution of assets, 5 B. 167 ; 17 S. & R. 31 ; 8 
 
 W. 482 ; 9 H. 362 ; 12 H. 492. 
 After discharge, 1 Gr. 366. 
 
 6. Liability of. 
 
 For loss by negligence, 3 R. 48 ; 4 W. 177 ; 6 W. 46 ; 2 
 
 Wh. 344; 1 J. 436; 10 Wr. 131; 1 Gr. 399. 
 On recognisance on sale of land, 4 W. 169 ; 1 Gr. 216. 
 For misconduct on sale of real estate, 1 H. 650. 
 For co-administrator, 16 S. & R. 337 ; 1 W. 291 ; 3 
 
 Barr 426 ; 11 H. 206; 12 H. 413; 6 S. 409. 
 For costs, 5 B. 138 ; 2 R. 180 ; 8 W. & S. 380 ; 7 Barr 
 
 136; 1 H. 531, 582; 11 H. 471; 7 S. 114. 
 For mispayments, 8 C. 297. 
 To heirs for rent collected, 2 R. 222. 
 As purchaser of intestate's real estate, 7 S. & R. 230 ; 5 
 
 W. 304; 6 W. & S. 22; 7 Barr 48; 2 H. 526; 4 H. 
 
 502; 16 S. 308, 311. 
 
ADMINISTRATOR. 27 
 
 ADMINISTRATOR— continued. 
 
 For neglecting to pay debts of intestate, 1 S. & R. 241 ; 
 
 6 W. 236 ; 1 W. & S. 437 ; 10 Barr 527 ; 3 H. 533; 
 
 9 H. 363. 
 For devastavit, 10 S. & R. 346, 348; 15 S. & R. 197 ; 1 
 
 W. 437 ; 2 W. 110 ; 8 W. 160; 4 Barr 344. 
 On promise to pay debt of intestate, .8 S. & R. 402 ; 8 
 
 W. 397 ; 2 Barr 424 ; 9 Wr. 464. 
 For proceeds of sale of real estate, 17 S. & R. 392 ; 9 
 
 W. & S. 107 ; 4 Barr 149 ; 2 H. 371 ; 9 C. 406. 
 For refusal to set apart widow's exemption, 1 C. 31 ; 2 
 
 Wr. 475 ; 11 Wr. 230. 
 As purchaser at own sale, 2 Y. 117 ; 7 S. & R. 230 ; 2 
 
 Wh. 52 ; 7 W. & S. 152 ; 9 W. & S. 93 ; 2 H. 526 ; 
 
 4 H. 502. 
 For interest, 1 B. 194; 11 S. & R. 16 ; 3 H. 48; 4 H. 
 
 151; 11 H. 206; 12 H. 498; 9 Wr. 394; 3 Gr. 300. 
 On warranty in deed under Orphans' Court sale, 3 C. 123. 
 For profit on investments, 12 C. 174. 
 For property of intestate out of the state, 3 P. & W. 188. 
 On compromise of claims, 4 W. & S. 501; 3 R. 48. 
 To action in another state, 9 S. & R. 252. 
 To foreign attachment, 2 Wh. 318. 
 To attachment execution, 1 J. 361. 
 To suit on foreign judgment, 2 R. 431. 
 On confession of judgment generally, 10 S. & R. 346. 
 On judgment under issue raised by plene administravit, 
 
 "4S. &R. 389. 
 On judgment on narr. not averring assets. 3 P. & W. 167. 
 For lost debts, 1 P. & W. 188. 
 As to partition fences of intestate, 11 H. 316. 
 As to leasehold estate of intestate, 8 W. & S. 244 ; 1 
 
 Barr 54. 
 For personal property taken at appraisement, 1 P. & W. 
 
 188. 
 For personal property left with widow, 2 Barr 256. 
 To account, 6 W. 204; 9 Wr. 879; 10 Wr. ]31. 
 For claims due intestate, 11 S. & R. 204. 
 To be examined as to account, 7 W. 64. 
 To execution, 2 W. 110. 
 To forfeit commission, 4 D. 147; 4 R. 268 ; 1 Wh. 200 ; 
 
 8 W. 483 ; 12 H. 498 ; 1 C. 213 ; 11 C. 148. 
 II. Cum testamento annexo. 
 
 1. Rights and powers of, 9 S. & R. 187 ; 10 S. & R. 14, 
 549 ; 16 S. & R. 416 ; 5 R. 264 ; 4 W. 34 ; 3 Gr. 18; 
 10 S. 39 ; 12 S. 166. 
 
28 ADMINISTRATOR— ADMIRALTY COURT. 
 
 ADTslimSTRATOR— continued. 
 
 2. Duties of, 3 S. & R. 44 ; 5 W. 132 ; 6 H. 179. 
 
 3. Liability of, 5 W. 204 ; 8 Barr 101. 
 
 4. Sales by, 11 Wr. 503 ; 10 S. 39. ' 
 
 III. De bonis non. 
 
 1. Rights and powers of, 6 B. 16 ; 1 S. & R. 549 ; 2 S. 
 
 & R. 548 ; 10 S. & R. 346 ; 3 R. 361 ; 2 P. & W. 482 ; 
 9 W. 479, 485, 495 ; 7 Barr 315 ; 6 H. 179, 313 ; 7 
 H. 201; 11 H. 164; 3 C. 67; 5 S. 364; 12 S. 170, 
 183. 
 
 2. Dfties of, 2 S. & R. 548 ; 9 W. 479 ; 7 Barr 258. 
 
 3. Liability of. 
 
 As to bond, 7 W. 75 ; 3 W. & S. 353. 
 
 For acts of predecessor, 5 Barr 258 ; 6 H. 278. 
 
 For over payment, 3 C. 67. 
 
 To account, 5 W. 204 ; 1 Gr. 361. 
 
 IV. Pendente lite. 
 
 1. Rights and powers of, 16 S. & R. 416 ; 2 W. 332 ; 4 
 
 W. 34. 
 
 2. Liability of, 10 S. & R. 346 ; 16 S. & R. 416. 
 
 3. Sales by, 4 D. 450 ; 2 Y. 117, 122 ; 11 S. & R. 319 ; 
 
 4 W. 382. 
 
 V. Administrator of deceased administrator. 
 
 1. Effect of payment to, 7 H. 201 ; 11 H. 164 ; 5 S. 364. 
 
 2. Right of against trespasser on land between sale 
 
 AND confirmation, 1 J. 300. 
 
 3. Joinder of in account with surviving adminis- 
 
 trator, 6 S. 409. 
 
 4. Judgment against. 
 
 When proof of assets, 9 S. 308. 
 Lien of, 8 C. 390. 
 
 Effect of, on heir's right to personal property of intestate, 
 8 C. 259 ; 3 Gr. 326. 
 
 5. Right of heirs and devisees to object to items in 
 
 judgment against administrator, 9 S. 308. 
 
 VI. Foreign administrator. 
 
 Powers of, 1 D. 456; 4 D. 292; 1 B. 63; 5 R. 264; 3 
 P. & W. 185 ; 7 II. 476 ; 10 H. 514 ; 6 Wr. 467 ; 
 11 S. 299; 18 S. 151. 
 
 ADMIRALTY COURT. 
 
 Organization of, 3 D. 16. 
 
ADMIRALTY COURT— ADMISSIONS, &c. 29 
 
 ADMIRALTY COURT— continued. 
 
 I. Jurisdiction. 
 
 1. Exclusive, 1 D. 16, 49 ; 2D. 37, 122, 165, 167 ; 3 D. 
 
 16, 19, 32, 54, 86, 120, 132; 4 D. 473; 1 Y. 50, 55, 
 443 ; 3 Y. 379 ; 4 Y. 125 ; 1 B. 293 ; 3 B. 221 ; 3 W. 
 & S. 166 ; 20 S. 248. 
 
 2. Concurrent, 20 S. 249. 
 
 II. Proceedings in. 
 
 1. as to recognisance, 2 d. 122. 
 
 2. Process. 
 
 Form of, 1 D. 86, 301. 
 Service of, 3 W. & S. 166. 
 
 3. Records of, 1 D. 101 ; 4 D. 424; 4 Y. 115; 1 B. 293. 
 
 4. Hearing in, 1 D. 86, 88, 103. 
 
 5. Verdict in, 1 D. 50 ; 2D. 261 ; 3 D. 80, 107, 110 ; 
 
 4 Y. 115. 
 
 6. Rehearing in, 2 D. 19, 42. 
 
 7. Decrees in, 1 D. 49, 86, 180 ; 2 D. 51, 194, 231, 373 ; 
 
 3 D. 86, 103, 320, 330, 356 ; 2 Y. 178 ; 3 Y. 379 ; 1 
 B. 293 ; 2 B. 394 ; 3 W. & S. 166 ; 7 Barr 415. 
 
 8. Stipulation for performance of decrees in, 1 Y. 55. 
 
 9. Appeal from, 1 D. 195, 301 ; 2 D. 100 ; 1 Y. 443 ; 1 
 
 B. 293 ; 7 Barr 417. 
 
 10. Powers of foreign courts of, 3 Y. 379. 
 
 11. Powers of District Court in, 3 D. 6, 16, 54, 59, 120, 
 
 198 ; 3 W. & S. 166. 
 
 12. Power op French consuls in, 3 D. 16. 
 
 13. Sale of perishable goods in, 2 D. 40. 
 
 ADMISSIONS AND DECLARATIONS. 
 
 I. When part of res gestae, 2 Y. 91 ; 2 R. 226 ; 2 "W. 
 
 406 ; 4 Wh. 130, 388 ; 3 W. & S. 127 ; 6 Barr 367 ; 1 
 H. 249 ; 2 H. 214, 391 ; 3 H. 281, 343 ; 4 H. 532 ; 5 
 H. 275 ; 1 C. 390, 393 ; 2 C. 493, 502 : 3 C. 22 ; 4 C. 
 504 ; 11 C. 157 ; 5 Wr. 113 ; 8 Wr. 121 ; 9 Wr. 96 ; 
 
 5 S. 396 ; 6 S. 144 ; 7 S. 339, 421 ; 11 S. 167. 
 
 II. Estoppel by. See Estoppel. 
 
 III. Meaning of, a question for the jury, 12 S. & R. 238. 
 
 IV. Admissibillity of in evidence. 
 
 1. Generally, 1 J. 500 ; 1 C. 332. 
 
 2. Effect of, 1 "Wr. 41, 155, 350 ; 2 Wr. 56; 3 Wr. 274, 
 
 369 ; 5 Wr. 34 ; 6 Wr. 102 ; 10 Wr. 55. 
 
30 ADMISSIONS AND DECLARATIONS. 
 
 ADMISSIONS AND DECLARATIONS— cow^mMet?. 
 
 3. Of administrators, 3 P. & W. 167 ; 1 H. 121 ; 2 C. 327. 
 
 4. Of adulterer, 6 Barr 332. 
 
 5. Of agent, 1 Y. 502 ; 4 Y. 446 ; 5 B. 195 ; 2 S. & R. 
 
 197 ; 3 S. & R. 278 ; 4 S. & R. 317 ; 7 S. & R. 106 ; 
 12 S. & R. 35 ; 4 R. 291 ; 2 P. & W. 351 ; 6 W. 489 ; 
 8 W. 392 ; 1 Wh. 184 ; 2 Wh. 340 ; 4 Wh. 130 ; 6 
 W. & S. 357 ; 2 Barr 386 ; 12 H. 217 ; 2 Gr. 431 ; 3 
 Gr. 187 ; 7 S. 339, 421 ; 9 S. 411 ; 11 S. 1 ; 16 S. 
 297. 
 As to past transaction, 1 C. 393 ; 6 W. 487 ; 9 S. 411. 
 
 6. Of attorney and counsel, 2 D. 399, 400; 3 W. 48, 
 
 317 ; 5 Barr 473 ; 10 Barr 139 ; 11 C. 440. 
 
 7. Of assignees. 
 
 For creditors, 3 AVh. 347. 
 Of promissory note, 14 S. & R. 127. 
 Of judgment, 14 S. & R. 137. 
 Of interest in fund, 9 S. 444, 448. 
 
 8. Of assignor, 5 B. 109 ; 3 S. & R. 240 ; 11 S. & R. 
 
 328 ; 2 H. 238 ; 9 S. 289. 
 
 9. Of auctioneer, 1 H. 121. 
 
 10. Of board of directors, 9 Wr. 386 ; 1 S. 9. 
 
 11. Of cestui que trust, 19 S. 81. 
 
 12. Of co-promissor, 1 Wr. 458. 
 
 13. Of real estate broker, 13 S. 59. 
 
 14. Of corporation officers, 18 S. 106. 
 
 15. Of conspirators, 1 R. 362, 458 ; 3 W. 230 ; 4 W. 359 ; 
 
 3 Wh. 347 ; 5 C. 478 ; 1 Wr. 164 ; 12 S. 37 ; 13 S. 59. 
 
 16. Of deceased party, 1 Y. 415 ; 6 B. 59 ; 2 S. & R. 70 ; 
 
 10 S. &R. 275; 13 S. &R. 85; 1 W. &S. 245; 3 C. 
 333; 11 G. 9; 4 Wr. .506; 7 S. 152; 19 S. 225. 
 
 17. Of debtor before assignment or attachment of 
 
 CLAIM, 14 S. 110. 
 
 18. Of defendant in suit, 10 S. & R. 275; 13 S. & R. 
 
 305 ; 3 Wh. 250 ; 12 H. 154 ; 1 Wr. 350. 
 
 19. Of deputy surveyor, 2 Y. 133, 295; 4 Y. 100; 3 B. 
 175; IR. 331; 4 Wr. 506. 
 
 20. Of deputy sheriff, 3 B. 404; 9 S. & R. 390. 
 
 21. Of devisee, 13 S. k R. 323. 
 
 22. Of endorser, 12 C. 538. 
 
 23. Op executor, 4 S. & R. 203 ; 8 S. & R. 17. 
 
 24. Of factor. See Agent. 
 
ADMISSIONS AND DECLARATIONS. 31 
 
 ADMISSIONS AND DECLARATIONS— confonwec?. 
 
 25. Of former owner, 1 S. & R. 520; 2 S. & R. 352; 4 
 
 W. 292 ; 2 Barr 372 ; 3 Barr 477 ; 2 H. 59 ; 11 H. 231 ; 
 4 C. 492 ; 9 Wr. 495. 
 
 26. Op grantee, 6 W. 126 ; 11 S. 407. 
 
 27. Op grantor, 3 B. 587 ; 1 W. 152 ; 6 W. 126; 2 Barr 
 
 372 ; 1 C. 306 ; 10 C. 446 ; 9 Wr. 495 ; 12 S. 87 ; 13 
 S. 59. 
 
 28. Of husband, 4 W. & S. 546 ; 6 Barr .425 ; 3 Wr. 463 ; 
 
 8 Wr. 449 ; 9 Wr. 89 ; 14 Wr. 261, 368 ; 16 S. 242 ; 19 
 S.' 21. 
 
 29. Op heir on partition of real estate, 7 S. & R. 1. 
 
 30. Op joint owner, 7 H. 340. 
 
 31. Of judgment creditor, 1 Y. 253. 
 
 32. Op legatee, 4 S. & R. 499 ; 13 S. & R. 328 ; 6 W. & 
 
 S. 434; 1 0.453. 
 
 33. Op lessor, 19 S. 300. 
 
 34. Op lessee, 6 W. 388 ; 6 S. 144 ; 19 S. 81. 
 
 35. Op maker op bill or note, 1 J. 499. 
 
 36. Of married woman, 1 B. 470 ; 5 S. & R. 334 ; 9 S. & 
 
 R. 268; 15 S. & R. 73; 3P. & W. 34; 3 Wh. 460; 
 6 Barr 425 ; 5 H. 285. 
 
 37. Op mortgagor, 13 S. & R. 239 ; 3 W. 352. 
 
 38. Of obligor, 3 Barr 81. 
 
 39. Of obligee, 5 R. 1 ; 3 Barr 81 ; 5 Barr 436 ; 8 H. 
 
 295. 
 
 40. Of partners, 3 W. 101, 347 ; 1 W. & S. 334; 2 W. & 
 
 S. 411 ; 2 Barr 385 ; 10 H. 68 ; 8 C. 312. 
 After dissolution, 17 S. & R. 126 ; 4 W. & S. 141 ; 8 W. 
 & S. 63 ; 10 H. 157 ; 10 C. 344 ; 7 Barr 433. 
 
 41. Of parties. 
 
 To contract, 2 B. 245 ; 5 B. 195 ; 5 S. & R. 257, 295 ; 
 8 Barr 64 ; 1 H. 249 ; 3 H. 66 ; 8 H. 105 ; 2 Wr. 
 464 ; 7 Wr. 120 ; 8 Wr. 399 ; 11 Wr. 378, 534 ; 8 
 S. 463; 11 S. 202; 13 S. 24; 14 S. 454; 15 S. 
 459. 
 
 To suit or action, 1 D. 65, 193, 218 ; 2 D. 93 ; 4 D. 235 ; 
 1 Y. 196, 305, 391 ; 3 Y. 70, 129; 4 Y. 280; 5 B. 
 109; 1 S. & R. 395; 2 S. & R. 352; 3 S. & R. 
 267; 4 S. & R. 482; 8 S. & R. 159, 328, 381; 10 
 S. & R. 268 ; 11 S. & R. 134, 325, 328 ; 12 S. & 
 R. 229 ; 13 S. & R. 45; 14 S. & R. 354 ; 17 S. & 
 R. 445; 3 R. 251, 437; 4 Wh. 389; 6 Wh. 169; 3 
 
32 ADMISSIONS AND DECLARATIONS. 
 
 ADMISSIONS AND DECLARATIONS— cowimwei. 
 
 P. & W. 292; 2 W. 406; 4 W. 85, 196; 5 W. 411, 
 525, 536; 7 W. 532; 8 W. 81, 572; 3 W. & S. 
 420, 527; 5 W. & S. 563; 6 W. & S. 51; 7 W. & 
 S. 458; 8 W. & S. 519: 9 W. & S. 32; 2 Barr 55, 
 372; 3 Barr 187; 8 Barr 218; 1 H. 317; 6 H. 
 377; 12 H. 384; 1 Wr. 41, 155, 164, 330, 350, 
 458; 2 Wr. 56, 492; 3 Wr. 274, 288, 369; 4 Wr. 
 ,492; 5 Wr. 102; 6 Wr. 402; 7 Wr. 322; 8 Wr. 
 121; 10 Wr. 55; 11 Wr. 378, 534; 15 S. 459. 
 To fraudulent act, 1 R. 362, 458; 2 W. 406; 1 H. 359; 
 4 H. 50. 
 
 42. Of prisoner. See Confession. 
 
 43. Of public officer, 6 S. 110. 
 
 44. Of secretary of land office, 1 Y. 285. 
 
 45. Of settler on public lands, 16 S. & E. 193; 5 Wh. 
 
 156; 4 H. 305. 
 
 46. Of subscriber. 
 
 For building fund stock, 13 S. & R. 281. 
 
 47. Of surveyor general, 1 Y. 187. 
 
 48. Op deceased surveyor, 4 Wr. 506. 
 
 49. Of stranger. 
 
 In presence of parties, 1 Y. 584; 6 B. 1; 16 S. & R. 
 
 214; 3R. 251,472; 6 Barr 366. 
 In absence of parties, 11 S. & R. 280; 17 S. & R. 41; 3 
 
 R. 241; 3 Wh. 40,45. 
 
 50. Of tenant in common, 13 S. 59. 
 
 61. Of tenant, 12 Wr. 176; 6 S. 144; 11 S. 167; 13 S. 59. 
 
 52. Of testator, 1 W. 163; 4 Wh. 130; 4 Barr 376; 11 
 
 C. 157. 
 
 53. Of trespasser, 8 Barr 218. 
 
 54. Of trustees, 3 R. 427 ; 6 W. 487; 7 W. 39 ; 3 W. & 
 
 S. 373; 2 Barr 386; 4 H. 60, 140. 
 
 55. Of vendor, 1 D. 193, 426; 1 Y. 91, 133 ; 1 B. 610; 3 
 
 B. 587; 5B. 109; 1 S. &R. 526; 2 S. & R. 352,407; 
 3 S. & R. 240; 4 S. & R. 174; 5 S. & R. 295; 6 S. 
 k R. 171 ; 7 S. & R. 153 ; 9 S. & R. 47, 74 ; 10 S. & 
 R. 27, 63; 11 S. & R. 328; 12 S. & R. 198; 13 S. 
 & R. 136; 14 S. & R. 388; 16 S. & R. 98 ; 1 P. & 
 W. 32; 1 R. 458 ; 3 R. 437, 477 ; 1 W. 152 ; 3 W. 
 352; 5 W. 215; 6 W. & S. 350; 7 W. & S. 468; 2 
 Barr 372; 9 C. 411; 10 C. 446; 1 Wr. 41, 155; 9 
 Wr. 495; 10 Wr. 200. 
 
ADMISSIONS AND DECLARATIONS, &c. 33 
 
 ADMISSIONS AND DECLARATIONS— conimwec?. 
 
 66. Of vendee 'of land, 8 H. 105 ; 3 Wr. 84 ; 1 S. & R. 
 
 526 ; 2 Y. 289; 2 S. & R. 473, 539; 4 Y. 280; 5 
 
 B. 109; 5S. &R. 374; 11 S. 407. 
 57. Of warrant holder, 5 Wh. 156. 
 
 ADOPTED CHILD. 
 
 1. Liability op for collateral inheritance tax, 8 C. 
 
 389; 3S. 132; 8 S. 500. 
 
 2. Status of under act of May 5, 1855, 4 S. 304. 
 
 AD QUOD DAMNUM. 
 
 Inquisition. 
 
 1. Setting aside of, 1 Y. 367. 
 
 2. Under charter of Schuylkill and Susquehanna Nav- 
 
 igation Co., 2 W. 343. 
 
 3. Judgment on, 2 W. 343. 
 
 ADULTERY. 
 
 1. Who liable for, 2 D. 124 ; 1 Y. 6 ; 9 C. 68. 
 
 2. Effect of on marital rights, 6 Wr. 198 ; 12 S. 308. 
 
 3. Not punishable as conspiracy, 2 H. 226. 
 
 4. When evidence of improper influence on testator, 
 
 5 Wr. 312. 
 
 5. Form of indictment for, 1 Y. 6 ; 4 S. & R. 449 ; 9 
 
 C. 68. 
 
 6. Evidence, 4 Y. 244 ; 6 Barr 332, 333 ; 1 Gr. 218. 
 
 7. Punishment of, 1 Y. 6. 
 
 8. Divorce for. 
 
 Form of libel, 4 Y. 244. 
 
 Insanity no bar, 6 Barr 332. 
 
 Admissibility of admission of party, 6 Barr 332; 
 
 9. Effect op, on dower, 12 S. 316. 
 
 ADULTERATION. 
 Of goods, 3 R. 23, 168. 
 
 ADVANCEMENT. 
 
 To children on account of inheritance. 
 
 1. Object op law relating to, 7 S. 461. 
 
 2. A QUESTION op intention, 4 Wh. 130; 6 Wh. 87, 373; 
 
 1 W. & S. 392; 11 H. 85; 1 Gr. 369; 2 Gr. 304; 13 
 S. 309. 
 
 3. What constitutes an, 5 R. 213; 6 Wh. 370; 1 W. 390; 
 
 6 W. 254 ; 10 Barr 426 ; 1 H. 575 ; 7 H. 431 ; 9 H. 
 
 3 
 
34 ADVANCEMENT. 
 
 ADVANCEMENT— conimMecZ. 
 
 283 ; 11 H. 85 ; 5 C. 125 ; 7 C. 337 ; 4 Wr. 57 ; 1 Gr. 
 869 ; 2 Gr. 304, 328 ; 7 S. 179, 461. 
 
 4. Pkoof of, 1 S. & R. 212; 4 S. & R. 329; 5 R. 213; 4 
 
 Wh. 180, 520 ; 6 Wh. 370; 5 W. 9, 80; 6 W. 86, 259; 
 10 W. 54, 158: 1 W. & S. 390; 5 W. & S. 400; 3 
 Ban- 391 ; 4 Barr 222 ; 1 H. 575 ; 7 H. 431 ; 4 Wr. 
 57, 58; 6 Wr. 345; 8 Wr. 97, 460; 10 Wr. 508; 1 
 Gr. 869; 2 Gr. 304; 7 S. 461; 13 S. 309, 311; 15 S. 
 388. 
 
 5. Presumption of law as to, 4 S. & R. 329; 4 Wh. 180, 
 
 520; 6 Wh. 370; 9 II. 283; 11 C. 528; 13 S. 309. 
 
 6. Effect of, 17 S. & R. 61, 337; 5 R. 213; 4 Wh. 520; 
 
 4 W. 212; 6 W. 254; 3 H. 214; 11 H. 290; 3 C. 58; 
 
 5 C. 208; 2 Wr. 122; 4 Wr. 24; 7 S. 179; 13 S. 
 448. 
 
 7. Distinguished from gift or loan, 1 W. & S. 890 ; 8 
 
 Wr. 97; 11 H. 85; 18 S. 809; 1 Gr. 869. 
 
 8. Distinguished from debt, 1 W. & S. 890; 7 S. 179; 2 
 
 Gr. 804; 4 Wh. 180. 
 
 9. Conversion of into debt, 1 W. & S. 890; 1 H. 575; 9 
 
 H. 283 ; 5 C. 125 ; 4 Wr. 24, 57. 
 
 10. Where purpose was education, 13 S. 809 ; 4 Wr. 57. 
 
 11. Effect of will on, 6 W. 254: 10 W. 54; 6 W. & S. 
 
 203; 4 Wh. 130; 10 Barr 426; 3 H. 214; 11 H. 483. 
 
 12. Conversion op debt into, 5 C. 125; 1 W. & S. 890; 4 
 
 Wh. 130; 6 Wh. 370; 1 H. 575; 11 H.' 85; 15 S. 
 338. 
 
 18. Value of how estimated, 1 S. & R. 422 ; 10 W. 158 ; 
 1 H. 575. 
 
 14. Interest on, 2 W. 314 ; 1 H. 575. 
 
 15. Effect of as to set off against share of distributee, 
 
 4 Y. 102 ; 6 W. 809, 811. See ante, 6. 
 
 16. Power of Orphans' Court over, 5 R. 218; 6W. 309; 
 
 7 H. 485 ; 1 C. 213 ; 5 C. 208 ; 7 S. 461. 
 
 17. Collection of surplus, 5 C. 208. 
 
 18. In real estate, 12 C. 383; '2 Wr. 122; 4 Wr. 24; 10 
 
 Wr. 508 ; 7 S. 461 ; 8 S. 386. 
 
 Takes effect from delivery, 12 C. 383. 
 
 Not to be adjusted in ejectment between heirs, 7 H. 485. 
 
 Effect of receipt given for, 13 S. 443. 
 
 May be settled after partition, 7 S. 461. 
 
AD V^ANCES— ADVERSE POSSESSION. 35 
 
 ADVANCES. 
 
 1. Judgment, to secure future. See Judgment. 
 
 2. Meaning op in avill, 20 S. 410. 
 
 3. Mortgage to secure, 5 B. 538; 6 W. 57 ; 17 S. & R. 
 
 422 ; 3 Gr. 300. See Mortgage. 
 
 4. Commissions on. 
 
 When usurious, 11 Wr. 485. 
 
 ADVERSE CLAIMS. 
 To real estate. 
 
 1. Proof of, 2 Y. 211. 
 
 2. Not to be regarded in partition, 1 Barr 324. 
 
 3. By tenant in common and tenant for years, 3 Gr. 177. 
 
 ADVERSE POSSESSION. 
 
 1. What constitutes, 4 Y. 294 ; 3 S. & R. 291 ; 6 S. & R. 
 
 21, 23 ; 10 S. & R. 182, 206 ; 5 Wh. 245 ; 3 W. 77, 
 280 ; 7- W. 154, 565, 581 ; 9 W. Ill, 172, 577 ; 10 W. 
 141, 190; 2 W. & S. 299; 2 Barr 182 ; 4 Barr 201, 256 ; 
 6 Barr 211, 271 ; 2 J. 122 ; 6 H. 471 ; 7 H. 391 ; 8 H. 
 80; 9 H. 225; 11 H. 265, 279; 7 W. & S. 279; 1 C. 
 234,491,493; 2 C. 479; 3 C. 504 ; 4 C. 134; 7 C. 
 259 ; 10 C. 74, 263, 304; 3 Gr. 177, 247 ; 5 S. 172 ; 6 
 S. 145; 19 S. 300. 
 
 2. Proof of, 4 Y. 496 ; 3 S. & R. 211 ; 4 Wh. 291 ; 17 S. & 
 
 R. 352 ; 2 P. & W. 180 ; 3 P. & W. 132 ; 2 W. 23 ; 3 W. 
 74. 77 ; 5 W. 348 ; 7 W. 565, 581 ; 10 W. 264 ; 8 W. & 
 S. 135 ; 2 Barr 182 ; 4 Barr 109, 201 ; 5 Barr 327 ; 6 
 Barr 211, 355 ; 7 H. 391 ; 8 H. 105 ; 1 C. 234 ; 10 C. 
 296 ; 20 S. 32. 
 
 3. Residence, when necessary, 3 S. & R. 291; 6 Barr 
 
 355; 7 H. 262; 10 C. 304; 11 C. 191. 
 
 4. Territorial, extent of, 4 Y. 494 ; 8 Barr 503. 
 
 5. Of right of way, 2 Wh. 122. See Adverse User. 
 
 6. On public unsettled lands, 4 Y. 568 ; 2 B. 124; 1 S. 
 
 & R. 74; 7 S. & R. 129; 1 W. 101; 5 W. 395; 7 W. 
 35, 665. 
 
 7. By one of several heirs, 10 W. 185 ; 13 Wr. 133 ; 3 
 
 Gr. 247. 
 
 8. By one op several tenants in common, 1 D. 67 ; 13 S. 
 
 & R. 356; 5 W. 146; 1 W. & S. 184; 10 Barr 225; 
 ". 9 W. 363 ; 10 W. 158, 185, 289 ; 3 Gr. 177 ; 2 H 514; 
 6 C. 507 ; 8 0. 68 ; 11 C. 364; 13 Wr. 133. 
 
 9. By tenant at sufferance, 1 J. 189 ; 10 C. 263. 
 
36 ADVERSE POSSESSION— ADVERTISEMENT. 
 
 ADVERSE POSSESSION— cowimwec^. 
 
 10. By widow, 13 S. & R. 350 ; 2 W. & S. 27 ; 4 W. & S. 
 
 331 ; 9 Barr 226 ; 10 C. 263. 
 
 11. When a question of law, 10 0. 268. 
 
 12. When a question of fact, 2 P. & W. 180; 4 Barr 
 
 109 ; 6 Barr 355 ; 2 C. 493 ; 10 C. 304 ; 10 Wr. 376, 
 385 ; 11 Wr. 411. 
 
 13. Title acquired by, under Statue of Limitations, 1 
 
 D. 15, 57 ; 2 Y. 478 ; 4 Y. 499 ; 3 B. 374; 2 S. & R. 
 436; 3 S. & R. 291, 509; 4 S. & R. 308, 456 ; 5 S. & 
 R. 12, 236, 254 ; 6 S. & R. 21, 118 ; 7 S. & R. 129, 177, 
 209 ; 8 S. & R. 392 ; 1 R. 373 ; 2 R. 14 ; 3 W. 69 ; 6 W. 
 377 ; 7 W. 565, 580 ; 9 W. 28, 77, 111 ; 10 W. 141 ; 1 
 W. & S. 488 ; 4 W. & S. 35 ; 6 W. & S. 315 ; 1 Barr 
 295, 413 ; 2 Barr 52, 271 ; 4 Barr 20, 254 ; 5 Barr 291 ; 
 
 6 Barr 211, 227, 271, 355; 8 Barr 189, 507; 9 Barr 
 232 ; 10 Barr 224 ; X J. 189, 212 ; 2 J. 122 ; 6 H. 377 ; 
 
 7 H. 262, 305, 390 ; 8 H. 26, 134, 163 ; 10 H. 151 ; 
 12 H. 72, 109 ; 1 C. 252, 343, 491 ; 2 C. 339, 477, 504 ; 
 4 C. 124, 404; 7 C. 13, 120, 279; 8 C. 398; 10 C. 
 304; 11 C. 191; 12 C. 513; 2 Wr. 63; 4 Wr. 335, 
 492 ; 9 Wr. 140 ; 10 Wr. 376 ; 12 Wr. 361 ; 1 Gr. 150 ; 3 
 Gr. 175, 177 ; 1 S. 51, 115 ; 3 S. 122 ; 5 S. 172 ; 6 S. 
 145; 9 S. 297, 414; 17 S. 396, 397; 19 S. 300. 
 
 Disproved by declaration of party in possession as to 
 origin of title, 11 S. 223. 
 
 14. Tacking title of former occupants, 6 B. 355. 
 
 15. Rebuttal of allegation of, 5 W. 348 ; 2 Barr 184 ; 
 
 9 Barr 226, 252 ; 11 S. 223. 
 
 16. Effect of purchase of outstanding title on, 8 H. 
 
 134. 
 
 ADVERSE USER. 
 
 1. Of right of way, 10 Barr 126 ; 2 Wh. 122, 427 ; 6 Wh. 
 
 192 ; 9 S. & R. 26 ; 8 H. 331, 458 ; 11 H. 501 ; 1 Wr. 
 41 ; 6 Wr. 102 ; 7 Wr. 486 ; 11 Wr. 239 ; 4 C. 202. 
 
 2. Presumption of, 10 Barr 126 ; 2 Wh. 427 ; 11 H. 501. 
 
 3. Proof of, 10 Barr 126. 
 
 4. Effect of on rights of public, 9 C. 131. 
 
 ADVERTISEMENT. 
 
 1. When evidence OF notice generally, 14 S. & R. 200; 
 11 H. 70 ; 11 S. 202. 
 
ADVERTISEMENT— AFFIDAVIT. 37 
 
 ADVERTISEMENT— cowfmMecZ. 
 
 2. Of notice to enforce specific performance, 10 Wr. 
 
 471. 
 
 3. Of delinquent tax payers in Philadelphia, 11 "Wr. 
 
 21. 
 
 4. Of sale, controlled by conditions of sale, 2 P. & W. 
 
 211. 
 
 5. In ejectment, form of, 6 S. 176. 
 ADVOCATE. See Attorney at Law. 
 
 AFFIDAVIT. 
 
 1. Object'of to petition, 15 S. 21. 
 
 2. Certificate of, when evidence, 4 Wr. 458. 
 
 3. On appeal. See Appeal. 
 
 4. In injunctions, 2 D. 260, 264 ; 10 S. 172. 
 
 5. To exception to accounts. See Accounts. 
 
 6. To judgment of foreign court, 6 Wr. 467 ; 11 Wr. 
 
 123. 
 
 7. Of cause op action. 
 
 What claims within rule, 11 C. 416 ; 3 S. 185 ; 10 S. 
 
 212. 
 Form of,' 2 Wh. 177 ; 6 Barr 476 ; 1 C. 200 ; 6 C. 504 ; 
 
 7 C. 81 ; 4 Wr. 458 ; 3 S. 185 ; 10 S. 212. 
 As to copy of claim, 6 H. 354 ; 3 S. 185 ; 4 S. 180, 
 
 . 215; 10 S. 212; 12 S. 494. 
 What are "book entries" in act relative to, 6 H. 354 ; 10 
 
 S. 212. 
 Necessitv for declaration after filing, 2 W. & S. 553 ; 6 
 
 Wr' 77. 
 What to be filed with under affidavit of defence rule, 6 
 
 H. 354 ; 6 Wr. 77 ; 3 S. 185 ; 4 S. 180, 215 ; 10 S. 
 
 212; 12 S. 494; 16 S. 360. 
 What implied in filing copy of note in suit by endorser, 
 
 18 S. 200. 
 
 8. To hold to bail, 8 S. & R. 61. 
 
 9. On rule to show cause,1 Y. 206 ; 1 B. 145. 
 
 Use of, on argument or trial, 1 Y. 25 ; 2 Y. 540 ; 9 AV. & 
 S. 93; 1 S. 187. 
 
 10. To writ of error, 4 S. & R. 136 ; 6 S. & R. 89 ; 8 S. 
 
 & R. 517 ; 1 P. & W. 14, 425 ; 2 11. 442. 
 
 11. To secure costs in suit in Common Pleas, 2 P. & 
 
 W. 137. See Costs. 
 
38 AFFIDAVIT. 
 
 AFFIDAVIT— eonimwecZ. 
 13. Of defence. 
 
 History of, 2 Wh. 177, 264 ; 7 H. 57 ; 11 Wr. 344 ; 6 
 
 5 21 
 
 Power of courts as to, 7 H. 57 ; 8 H. 384 ; 1 C. 200 ; 1 
 
 Gr. 190 ; 6 S. 21 ; 12 S. 146 ; 18 S. 198. 
 Who may make, 1 D. 248 ; 10 H. 437 ; 12 C. 509; 6 W. 
 
 6 S. 480 ; 2 Wh. 177 ; 2 Gr. 437. 
 Waiver of, 10 H. 395. 
 
 What cases are or are not within rule, 4 B. 422, 425 ; 5 
 B. 455 ; 4 Y. 235 ; 3 S. & R. 250 ; 8 S. & R. 1j63 ; 
 2 R. 269 ; 2 Wh. 208 ; 2 W. & S. 443 ; 10 Barr 13 ; 
 8 W. 367; 6 Barr 476 ; 1 C. 365; 4 Wr. 302; 5 
 Wr. 97 ; 6 Wr. 77, 467; 11 Wr. 123; 12 H. 491 ; 1 
 Gr. 208 ; 3 S. 185 ; 4 S. 180 ; 6 S. 21 ; 9 S. 275 ; 
 12 S. 495 ; 14 S. 239 ; 19 S. 489. 
 When to be filed, 1 H. 65 ; 4 C. 516. 
 Omission to file, 10 Barr 13; 2 W. & S. 443; 4 S. 215. 
 Form of afiidavit. 
 
 As to statement of facts, 2 Wh. 177 ; 2 W. & S. 443, 
 553 ; 6 W. & S. 262 ; 8 H. 384 ; 12 H. 80 ; 6 C. 
 504, 531 ; 1 Wr. 233 ; 4 Wr. 458 ; 7 Wr. 421 ; 3 
 S. 396 ; 6 S. 33 ; 17 S. 477 ; 20 S. 83. 
 As to defendant's belief, 7 W. 562; 4 W. & S. 494 ; 6 
 W. & S. 262 ; 2 Barr 348 ; 8 H. 384 ; 3 Wr. 64; 
 4 Wr. 439 ; 5 Wr. 97. 
 What to be filed with affidavit, 2 W. & S. 553; 1 C. 
 256 ; 3 S. 396. 
 Waiver of irregularity in, 11 C. 416. 
 Supplementary, 2 Wh. 261 : 2 W. & S. 443 ; 10 H. 51. 
 Manner of construing, 8 H. 387 ; 3 S. 396. 
 Efi'ect of. 
 
 As to admissions, 6 Wh. 430 ; 9 S. 344. 
 
 As to notice of special matter, 5 Wh. 866. 
 
 As notice to prove consideration, 1 Wr. 367 ; 4 Wr. 
 
 439,458; 6 Wr. 77; 7 Wr. 421. 
 As to party secondarily liable, 18 S. 200. 
 Rule for judgment for want of. 
 Eifect of discharge of, 15 S. 105. 
 When made absolute, 2 Wh. 261 ; 8 W. 367 ; 2 W. & 
 S. 443, 533; 4 W. & S. 25, 494; 8 H. 345; 10 
 H. 395 ; 10 Barr 13 ; 1 C. 256 ; 5 0. 365 ; 12 
 C. 509 ; 4 Wr. 439 ; 5 Wr. 97 ; 6 Wr. 77, 467 ; 
 11 Wr. 123 ; 2 Gr. 437 ; 1 S. 187 ; 3 S. 396 ; 12 
 S. 140; 14 S. 239; 18 S. 208. 
 For part of claim admitted to be due, 7 W. 562 ; 13 
 S. 178. 
 
AFFIDAVIT— AGENCY. 39 
 
 AFFIDAVIT— cow^mwetZ. 
 
 Effect of rule of reference, on right to enter judgment, 
 1 Gr. 190 ; 12 S. 146. 
 Opening judgment entered for want of, 17 S. & R. 263 ; 
 
 8 W. 367 ; 2 W. & S. 272 ; 6 H. 354; 1 S. 187. 
 When sufficient to prevent judgment, 2 Wh. 288, 2-38, 
 265 ; 3 Wh. 280, 284 ; 4 Wh. 148, 223, 249, 252 ; 
 5 Wh. 261, 274, 315, 316 ; 6 Wh. 274, 405, 473 ; 5 
 Barr 38 ; 8 H. 430 ; 10 H. 487 ; 12 H. 80 ; 4 C. 
 294 ; 5 C. 365 ; 6 C. 581 ; 8 C. 75 ; 10 C. 344 ; 12 
 C. 509 ; 2 Wr. 78, 233 ; 3 Wr. 64 ; 4 Wr. 802, 439, 
 458 ; 5 Wr. 98 ; 6 Wr. 77 ; 7 Wr. 421 ; 1 Gr. 59 ; 
 2 Gr. 437 ; 1 S. 356 ; 3 S. 187, 396 ; 4 S. 180 ; 6 
 S. 33; 12 S. 495; 15 S. 105; 16 S. 860; 17 S. 
 477. 
 
 14. Of Prisoner. 
 
 In mitigation of sentence, 2 D. 189 \ 1 Y. 186. 
 
 15. Ex PARTE. 
 
 When admissible, 1 Y. 28, 152; 2 Y. 476. 
 
 AFFIRMATIVE PLEA. 
 
 Effect of on order of argument to jury, 8 Y. 86. 
 
 AFFREIGHTMENT. 
 
 Contracts for, discussed, 2 Wr. 169. 
 
 AFTER ACQUIRED PROPERTY. 
 Liability of. 
 
 1. To LIEN OF JUDGMENT, 2 Y. 23 ; 3 B. 589 ; 5 B. 56 ; 6 B. 
 
 185, 147 ; 2 S. & R. 11 ; 5 S. & R. 124 ; 8 S. & R. 
 440, 495 ; 1 P. & W. 64 ; 2 P. & W. 101 ; 6 Wh. 153 ; 4 
 W. 465 ; 1 Barr 201 ; 9 Barr 265 ; 11 C. 523. 
 
 2. To EXECUTION, 2 Y. 23 ; 6 B. 135, 145 ; 1 W. 300 ; 7 W. 
 
 & S. 260 ; 6 Barr 277 ; 7 Barr 492 ; 9 Barr 265 ; 8 H. 
 253; 2 C. 490. 
 
 3. Effect of will on, 4 R. 823 ; 1 Wh. 490 ; 5 W. & S. 
 
 198 ; 10 H. 416 ; 4 Wr. 217. 
 
 AGE OF PARTY. 
 
 Proof of, 5 W. & S. 260 ; 1 Barr 381. 
 
 AGENCY. 
 1. Proof of. 
 
 By agent, 2 D. 200, 241, 245; 1 Y. 24, 200, 502 ; 2 Y. 
 38, 95 ; 10 S. & R. 182 ; 2 Wh. 34, 340, 601 ; 7 
 Wr. 191, 260, 418 ; 4 C. 505 : 3W.129; 7 W. 525. 
 By writing, 1 Y. 200 ; 2 Y. 38 ; 2 C. 255. 
 
40 AGENCY— AGENT. 
 
 AGENCY — continued. 
 
 By circumstances, 1 D. 224; 1 Y. 200; 8 W. 392; 3 
 Wh. 521; 12 C. 499; 15 S. 116, 124; 19 S. 436. 
 By principal, 7 Wr. 226, 418 ; 13 Wr, 457. 
 
 2. Revocation op, 5 B. 305, 613 ; 6 Wh. 366 ; 10 Wr. 426 ; 
 
 2 Gr. 470, 513 ; 3 S. 212, 266. 
 
 3. Ratification of, 7 Wr. 191. 
 
 AGENT. 
 
 1. Public. 
 
 Under revised criminal code, 13 Wr. 478. 
 Under Act of Congress during rebellion, 9 S. 32. 
 II. Private. 
 
 1. Appointment of. 
 By parol, 2 D. 300; 1 Y. 23; 14 S. & R. 331; 1 P. & 
 
 W. 333; 5 Wh. 361; 1 Gr. 58; 13 S. 14. 
 In blank, 14 Wr. 67. 
 Under seal, 1 Y. 200; 2 Y. 38; 9 C. 71, 217; 5 Wh. 
 
 361; 1 Gr. 58. 
 By person abroad, 7 W. 565. 
 By husband and wife, 15 S. & R. 45. 
 Notice of, 5 B. 305; 3 H. 128, 151. 
 Contract between agent and principal as to time construed, 
 
 13 S. 97. 
 Revocable, 1 D. 449; 5 B. 305, 613; 3 W. 357; 3 W. & 
 
 S. 20; 2 J. 164; 2 Gr. 470; 3 S. 212, 266. 
 Revocation of, 5 B. 305; 5 Wh. 366; 10 Wr. 426; 2 Gr. 
 
 470, 513; 3 S. 212, 266. 
 Irrevocable, 3 W. & S. 14; 2 J. 164. 
 When an assignment for creditors, 2 J. 164. 
 
 2. Rights of. 
 
 To prove power, 2 D. 200, 241, 245; 1 Y. 24, 200, 502; 
 
 2 Y. 38, 95; 10 S. & R. 34, 182; 2 Wh. 34, 340, 
 
 601; 3 W. 129; 7 W. 525; 8 W. 392, 524; 1 Gr. 
 
 59; 7 Wr. 191, 260, 418 ; 4 C. 505; 9 S. S2. 
 To testify for principal. See Witnesses. 
 To sue in his own name, 1 Y. 148 ; 9 Barr 13. 
 To collect proceeds of sales, 6 C. 513. 
 TocoUectmoney after notice of right of principal, 7 S. 202. 
 To purchase real estate in his charge, 7 W. 472 ; 10 C. 29. 
 To compensation, 12 H. 114. 
 As against principal, 2 Y. 125; 1 B.,106; 3 B. 295; 5 
 
 B. 441; 2 W. & S. 327; 3 W. & S. 109; 4 W. & S. 
 
 177; 5 W. & S. 210, 250; 7 Barr 543; 4 H. 43; 
 
 12 H. 114; 14 S. 363. 
 As against strangers, 10 H. 522. 
 
AGENT. 41 
 
 AGENT — continued. 
 
 3. Duties of. 
 
 To principal, 1 D. 439; 1 R. 330; 2 P. & W. 525; 7 W. 
 
 116, 472 ; 8 W. 188 ; 1 W. & S. 328 ; 4 W. & S. 305 ; 
 
 6 W. & S. 369; 10 Barr 108, 109; 2 H. 105; 5 H. 
 
 322; -10 H. 320, 368; 11 H. 21; 2 C. 393; 3 C. 
 
 30; 4 C. 124; 2 Gr. 273; 7 S. 247; 8 S. 126; 11 
 
 S. 202 ; 14 S. 247. 
 When a trustee for principal, 13 Wr. 410 ; 7 S. 221, 248 ; 
 
 8 S. 70. 
 As to strangers, 1 D. 439 ; 6 C. 84. 
 As to investments, 10 "Wr. 496. 
 
 4. Power and authority of. 
 
 Generally, 1 B. 108 ; 4 B. 361 ; 6 B. 378 ; 6 S. & R. 45, 
 149 ; 7 S. & R. 106 ; 14 S. & R. 27 ; 4 R. 291 ; 2 
 P. & W. 251 ; 6 W. 96, 487, 500 ; 7 W. 116, 524 ; 8 
 W. 500; 6 W. & S. 357; 3 Barr 136; 4 H. 289; 2 
 C. 67; 7 C. 461; 12 C. 498; 7 Wr. 191, 260; 13 
 Wr. 410, 478 ; 14 Wr. 67; 1 Gr. 267; 2 Gr. 412; 
 3 Gr. 135; 7 S. 221. 
 
 Proof of, 2 D. 248, 300; 1 Y. 24 ;* 3 S. & R. 278; 2 W. 
 466; 7 W. 524; 7 W. & S. 317; 11 H. 120; 6 C. 
 513; 7 Wr. 191, 418; 11 S. 432. 
 
 To bind principal as to personalty, 3 D. 333 ; 2 B. 308 ; 5 
 B. 613; 4 Y. 107; 6 S. & R. 90, 146; 12 S. & R. 
 287 ; 14 S. & R. 27, 331 ; 4 Wh. 311 : 5 Wh. 331 ; 
 2 W. 83; 6 W. 487; 7 W. 39; 6 W. &'S. 242, 357; 
 2 J. 258; 2 H. 105; 6 H. 224, 232; 11 H. 72; 12 
 H. 320; 1 C. 393; 7 C. 461; 10 C. 69; 1 Gr. 267; 
 8 S. 474; 12 S. 457; 13 S. 77, 87; 14 S. 247; 16 
 S. 340. 
 
 To order appearance for, 7 Wr. 418. 
 
 To substitute debtors, 4 H. 289. 
 
 To confess judgment for, 12 Wr. 127. 
 
 To release party defendant, 1 D.'447. 
 
 To appoint sub-agent, 5 W. 548; 2 J. 236, 258; 9 Wr. 
 507; 15 S. 212. 
 
 To appeal from award, 1 B. 388; 3 C. 226. 
 
 To waive condition in insurance policv, 8 Wr. 259. 
 
 After death of principal, 4 W. & S. 482. 
 
 Accept service of notice for principal, 10 C. 207. 
 
 To waive Statute of Limitations against principal, 1 Gr. 
 267. 
 
 To receipt for money, 2 B. 325; 12 S. & R. 35; 5 H. 
 157; 4 Wh. 426. 
 
 To bind principal as to realty, 1 Y. 200; 2 Y. 38; 4 Y. 
 
42 AGENT— AGISTMENT OE CATTLE. 
 
 KGM'E'Jl— continued. 
 
 107; 5 B. 613; 4 S. & R. 371; 6 S. & R. 146; 14 
 
 S. & R. 27, 331; 2 W. 466; 8 W. 188; 5 W. & S. 
 
 548; 6 Barr 500; 7 Barr 221; 7 Wr. 260; 8 S. & 
 
 R. 299; 9 C. 71; 10 S. & R. 155, 160; 15 S. & R. 
 
 45; 7 W. 487; 8 W. 208; 10 W.-67; 1 W. & S. 
 
 328; 3 C. 30; 7 Wr. 260; 5 S. 504. 
 To bind principal for tort, 9 W. & S. 72; 11 C. 298; 10 
 
 Wr. 213; 11 Wr. 486; 1 Gr. 17; 7 S. 365. 
 To affect principal criminally, 7 S. & R. 469 ; 1 P. & W. 333. 
 To depart from instructions, 2 C. 393; 6 W. 500; 9. W. 
 
 237; 1 W. & S. 328. 
 Books of, when evidence, 4 Y. 341. 
 Parol sale of land by, 5 C. 495. 
 Message sent by, when evidence, 9 Wr. 96. 
 Effect of deposit in bank by, 6 Wr. 536; 8 Wr. 253. 
 Who may object to excess of authority of, 12 H. 23. 
 Presumption as to payments by, 17 S. 136. 
 
 5. Liability of. 
 
 To principal, 3 D. 27, 88, 105, 119, 331 ; -1 B. 100 ; 2 
 
 B. 325 ; 6 B. 308 ; 6 S. & R. 290 ; 1 R. 330 ; 4 R. 
 223 ; 6 Wh. 9, 23 ; 2 P. & W. 525 ; 7 W. 472 ; 9 
 W. 130 : 5 H. 154, 325 ; 6 W. & S. 416, 421 ; 10 
 H. 369; 12 H. 114, 246; 2 C. 393; 11 C. 9 ; 9 
 Wr. 507 ; 11 Wr. 496; 13 Wr. 322; 6 S. 23; 7 S. 
 202, 247; 13 S. 97. 
 
 To strangers, 2 B. 201 ; 6 B. 228 ; 9 S. & R. 212 ; 10 S. 
 & R. 444 ; 11 S. & R. 129, 362 ; 14 S. & R. 27 ; 5 
 Wh. 314; 7 W. 524; 6 W. & S. 175; 2 J. 292; 6 
 
 C. 145 ; 13 Wr. 322 ; 14 Wr. 85 ; 16 S. 340 ; 13 
 S. 97. 
 
 Avoided by disclosing name of principal. 11 S. 69 ; 16 
 
 S. 340. 
 For costs, 6 W. & S. 175. 
 
 6. Ratification of 'acts of, 6 S. & R. 90 ; 13 S. & R. 177 ; 
 
 4 Wh. 311; 3 Barr 120; 9 Barr 40 ; 2 J. 204; 3 H. 
 235 ; 4 H. 289 ; 12 H. 23 ; 4 0. 505 ; 5 C. 495 ; 8 C. 
 340; 6 Wr. 114; 7 Wr. 226, 418; 13 Wr. 457; 6 S. 23; 
 13 S. 77, 87;14S. 247. 
 
 7. Dismissal of, 10 Wr. 426. 
 
 AGREEMENT. See Contract. 
 
 AGGREGATE CORPORATION. See Corporation. 
 
 AGISTMENT OF CATTLE. 
 Liability of agistor, 7 C. 525. 
 
ALLEY— ALLEGHANY COUNTY. 43 
 
 ALLEY. 
 
 1. Grant of, consteued, G W. 192; 17 S. 9. 
 
 When irrevocable, 7 H. 19 ; 17 S. 9. 
 
 2. When private, 1 S. 43. 
 
 3. Right of adjoining lot-owner to, 11 Wr. 239 ; 1 S. 
 
 43 ; 17 S. 9 ; 19 S. 110, 343. 
 
 4. Extension of by new purchase, 5 W. & S. 129 ; 10 
 
 Barr 97. 
 
 5. NoN USER OF, 1 S. 43; 17 S. 9. See NoN User. 
 
 6. License to obstruct, construed, 3 S. 194. 
 
 7. Sale of lot subject to use of, 19 S. 110, 343. 
 
 ALEGATA AND PROBATA. See Variance. 
 
 ALLEGHANY CITY. 
 
 1. Right of common in, 7 W. 394 ; 2 0. 355. 
 
 2. Public squares in, 2 H. 186. 
 
 3. Legislation relative to streets in, construed, 5 C. 
 
 380, 391. 
 
 4. Municipal claims of, 12 C. 29, 62 ; 5 Wr. 60 ; 8 Wr. 
 
 118. 
 
 5. Publication of ordinances in, 9 S. 455. 
 
 6. Liability of. 
 
 For scrip issued by, 2 H. 81. 
 For paving and grading, 1 C. 128. 
 
 7. Power of aldermen of. 
 
 In pauper cases, 6 W. & S. 522. 
 
 8. Power of council as to assessment for grading, 9 S. 
 
 455. 
 
 9. Statutory ratification of ordinance Kelative to 
 
 GRADING, 19 S. 328. ifc,'- 
 
 ALLEGHANY COUNTY. 
 
 1. Bonds, validity of discussed, 7 Wr. 400. 
 
 2. Jurisdiction of Common Pleas of, 6 W. & S. 525 ; 9 W. 
 
 & S. 189. 
 
 3. Jurisdiction of District Court of, 5 Wr. 80 : 8 Wr. 
 
 18 ; 10 Wr. 304.- 
 
 Pleas to, 7 Wr. 468. 
 
 Removal of suits to, 7 Wr. 468. 
 
 4. Jurisdiction of Quarter Sessions. 
 
 As to streets in city, 5 C. 391. 
 
 5. Power of county commissioners of, 6 S. & R. 160. 
 
44 ALLEGHANY COUNTY— ALIEN. 
 
 ALLEGHANY COUH^TY— continued. 
 
 6. Liability op foe preservation of records of Supreme 
 
 Court, 5 C. 417. 
 
 7. Act relative to sale of liquor on Sunday in, con- 
 
 strued, 12 H. 103, 131 ; 1 C. 126. 
 
 ALLEGHANY BRIDGE COMPANY. 
 
 1. Eights, duties and liability of, 8 H. 185. 
 
 ALLEGHANY RIVER. 
 
 A public highway, 1 Gr. 197 ; 13 S. 66. 
 
 ALIAS WRITS. 
 
 1. Summons, 3 P. & W. 170 ; 6 W. 528 ; 3 II. 293. 
 
 2. Capias. 
 
 Ad respondendum, 2 D. 378, 380 ; 6 W. 526 ; 7 W. 448; 
 
 3 P. & W. 170. 
 Ad satisfaciendum, 2 D. 372, 380. 
 
 3. Fieri facias, 2 S. & R. 35, 142 ; 2 W. & S. 60 ; 7 W. & 
 
 S. 219 ; 8 H. 253, 256 ; 1 C. 145 ; 8 C. 276. 
 
 4. Levari facias, 9 S. & R. 277. 
 
 5. Scire facias, 7 Barr 129 ; 2 B. 40 ; 2 Wh. 365 ; 2 W. 
 
 490. See Scire facias. 
 
 ALDERMAN. See Justice of the Peace and Alderman. 
 
 ALIBI. 
 
 1. Effect of plea of, 5 C. 429. 
 
 2. Proof of, 5 C. 429. 
 
 ALIENATION. 
 
 1. Conditions in restraint of, discussed, 10 W. 328 ; 7 H. 
 
 369; 12 C. 407;. 7 Wr. 528; 7 S. 213; 3 S. 211. 
 
 2. An incident of ownership, 7 S. 213. 
 
 ALIENAGE. 
 
 1. Of party to suit, 6 B. 241. 
 
 2. Of jurors, 4 D. 354. 
 
 3. Of heir, 3 B. 75. 
 
 ALIEN. 
 I. Enemies. 
 
 1. Rights of, 1 D. 5, 69, 71 ; 2D. 102, 133; 8 D. 5. 
 
 2. Liability of, 1 D. 405 ; 2 D. 373 ; 3 D. 467. 
 
. ALIEN— ALIMONY. 45 
 
 ALIEN — continued. 
 II. Frienbs. 
 
 1. Rights of. 
 
 To bring suit, 3 D. 476 ; 1 Y. 371. 
 
 To vote, 2 B. 110, 118, 120 ; 3 S. & R. 29. 
 
 To inherit property, 3 D. 305 ; 3 B. 75 ; 3 R. 352 ; 4 W. 
 
 & S. 145. 
 To serve as jurors, 4 D. 353. 
 
 To hold real and personal property, 4 W. & S. 145. 
 To remove suit to United States courts, 2 Y. 275, 277, 
 
 352. 
 
 2. Liability of. 
 
 To suit at law, 3 D. 467, 476 ; 1 Y. 371. 
 To escheat of estate, 7 W. 455. 
 To municipal taxation, 2 S. 367. 
 
 3. Natukalization of, 1 D. 294, 370, 373 ; 2 D. 291 ; 2 
 B. 218; 3B. 85; 5 B. 371. 
 
 "ALL MY ESTATE." 
 
 In will, construed, 4 Y. 181; 6 B. 94. 
 
 "ALL I HAVE." 
 
 In will, construed, 7 C. 25. 
 
 "ALL MATTERS IN CONTROVERSY." 
 
 Meaning of, 2 Y. 16 ; 8 Barr 290. 
 
 "ALL HIS HEIRS AND HIS WIFE'S HEIRS." 
 In will, construed, 5 Barr 458. 
 
 ALLEGIANCE. 
 
 1. Nature of, discussed, 1 D. 53 ; 3 D. 133, 169. 
 
 2. When first dub to Commonwealth, 1 D. 53. 
 
 3. Power of state to change, 2 D. 291 ; 3 B. 85. 
 
 ALIMONY. 
 
 1. When allowed, 3 Y. 56 ; 2 C. 161 ; 10 C. 233. 
 
 2. When refused, 3 Y. 56. 
 
 3. Extent of order for, 2 B. 202 ; 1 C. 161 ; 16 S. 366. 
 
 4. Recovery of arrears of, 6 W. & S. 85. 
 
 5. Power of court over, 1 C. 161. 
 
 6. Effect of divorce on, 7 S. & R. 500 ; 2 C. 161. 
 
 7. Effect of offer of reconciliation on, 2 C. 161. 
 
 8. Lien on land of husband, 18 S. 143. 
 
46 ALIMONY— ALTERATION. 
 
 ALIM.O'MY— continued. 
 9. Suspension of, 2 C. 161. 
 
 10. Enforcement of, 7 H. 173 ; 2 C. 101 ; 18 S. 143, 495. 
 
 11. Disclaimer of, 3 Y. 56. 
 
 12. Forfeiture of, 3 Y. 56. 
 
 ALLOCATUR. 
 
 1. To REMOVE INDICTMENT TO SUPREME CoURT, 4 D. 302 ; 2 
 
 Y. 319 ; 3 Y. 39 ; 4 Y. 314 ; 2 B. 257 ; 6 B. 403 ; 2 S. 
 & R. 453 ; 1 Wh. 530 ; 2 Wh. 112 ; 11 H. 355 ; 1 Wr. 
 385, 440 ; 12 Wr. 53. 
 
 2. To REMOVE ROAD CASES, 3 Wh. 11 ; 2 W. & S. 320. 
 
 3. To REMOVE RECORD OF JUSTICES COURT, 11 C. 511. See 
 
 Certiorari. 
 
 4. to remove proceeding under landlord and tenant 
 
 LAW. See Certiorari. 
 
 5. Waiver op, 10 S. & R. 44. 
 
 ALLODIAL TITLES. 
 
 Discussed, 8 Wr. 492. 
 
 ALLOWANCE. 
 
 1. Op six per cent, for roads in Pennsylvania, 3 D. 497, 
 
 500 ; 6 B. 609. 
 
 2. Right of Commonwealth to resume or transfer, 3 D. 
 
 495, 500; IP. & W. 467. 
 
 ALTERATION. 
 
 1. Of written contract. 
 
 General rule as to, 10 S. & R. 164 ; 14 S. & R. 422 ; 2 
 
 Barr 54; 8 Barr 378, 518; 3 Gr. 51; 13 S. 187, 327. 
 What are material, 4 W. & S. 346; 7 C. 322; 7 H. 122; 
 
 5 Wr. 214; 10 Wr. 259; 3 Gr. 51; 11 S. 71; 13 S. 
 
 187, 327. 
 Presumption as to, 9 Barr 186 ; 7 H. 178 ; 13 S. 187 ; 
 
 17 S. 9. 
 Burden of proof as to, 10 Wr. 259; 9 Barr 186; 13 S. 
 
 327; 14 S. 405. 
 By adding seal, 5 Wh. 562 ; 2 P. & W. 200 ; 10 S. & R. 
 
 167 ; 14 S. & R. 405. 
 By custom, 11 S. 107. 
 By changing date, 3 Y. 391 ; 7 S. & R. 505; 2 W. & S. 
 
 401; 6 H. 347; 7 H. 119, 178; 8 H. 14. 
 By accident, 13 S. 327; 17 S. 82. 
 By parol waiver of condition, 2 W. & S. 216 : 6 W. & 
 
 S. 70. 
 
ALTEKATION. 47 
 
 AL HERATlOl^— continued. 
 
 By changing amount, 2 P. 4 W. 132. 
 
 By changing conditions, 2 W. & S. 46 ; 6 W. & S. 70. 
 
 By extending time, 9 S. 406. 
 
 By filling up blank, 10 S. & R. 170; 4 B. 4. 
 
 By adding interest, 7 C. 322; 13 S. 187; 18 S. 237. 
 
 By interlineation, 16 S. & R. 44; 2 Barr 191; 3 Barr 
 
 320; 6 H. 101; 5 C. 265; 1 W. & S. 328; 7 W. & 
 
 S. 175. 
 By parol notice not to perform, 9 Wr. 390. 
 By adding subscribing witnesses, 8 Barr 378, 518; 10 S. 
 
 &R. 164; 4 Wh. 17; 5 H. 131. 
 By mutilation, 5 Barr 279; 13 S. 327. 
 By erasure, 14 S. & R. 405; 8 W. 448; 2 Barr 54. 
 After acknowledgment, 4 B. 1 : 4 Wh. 382 ; 3 H. 462. 
 After delivery, 1 W. 236; 4 Wh. 882; 3 H. 462; 7 C. 
 
 822; 8 Wr. 492; 17 S. 9. 
 By parol agreement, 2 W. 451; 2 W. & S. 217; 4 Barr 
 
 166; 10 H. 454; 12 H. 283; 6 W. & S. 439; 2 Gr. 
 
 426; 9 S. 406. 
 Effect of. 
 
 On parties to bill or note, 8 Wr. 888 ; 10 Wr. 259 ; 13 
 S. 187, 327 ; 18 S. 237. See Bills and Notes. 
 As to remedy, 11 Wr. 500; 3 Gr. 51; 17 S. 82, 84, 
 86; 18 S. 2.37. 
 Assent to, 6 H. 347; 18 S. 327. 
 
 2. Of book entries, 6 W. 145. 
 
 3. Of bond, 7 C. 322; 8 Barr 378, 518; 14 S. & R. 405; 5 
 
 H. 131; 10 S. &R. 169. 
 
 4. Of insured property, 10 C. 79 ; 1 Wr. 293; 4 Wr. 311. 
 
 5. Of verdict. 
 
 By the court, 1 D. 46, 134 ; 2 D. 156, 161, 212; 8 D. 
 
 184 ; 1 Y. 205 ; 4 Y. 1 ; 1 B. 502 ; 2 B. 514 ; 1 S. 
 
 & R. 202; 2 S. & R. 587; 9 S. & R. 156; 11 S. 
 
 & R. 156, 202 ; 18 S. & R. 45 ; 5 W. & S. 257 ; 7 
 
 W. 12, 38 ; 1 Barr 238 ; 10 H. 351. 
 By the jury, 4 S. & R. 260; 16 S. & R. 414; 7 W. 
 
 12, 38. 
 
 6. Of application to land office, 1 B. 1«8. 
 
 7. Of building under Mechanics' Lien Laav, 8 W. 515 ; 2 
 
 Barr 77 ; 10 Barr 379, 381 ; 8 Wr. 322. 
 
 8. Of voyage, 2 D. 187, 189, 140 ; 4 D. 274 ; 1 Y. 114 ; 3 
 
 Y. 382 ; 3 B. 457 ; 5 B. 407 ; 2 S. & R. 309 ; 4 Wh. 
 204; 7 Barr 415 ; "9 Barr 390 ; 6 C. 834 ; 1 S. 143. 
 
 9. Of pleas. See Pleas. 
 
J 8 ALTERNATIVE— AMENDMENT. 
 
 ALTERNATIVE. 
 
 1. Charge in indictment, 3 Y. 421. 
 
 2. Legacies, 5 Wr. 512. 
 
 3. Mandamus. See Mandamus. 
 
 4. Pleas. See Pleas. 
 
 ALWAYS. 
 
 Meaning of, in statute, 15 S. 311. 
 
 AMBASSADOR. 
 
 Rights of, 1 D. 116 ; 4 D. 321. 
 
 AMBIGUITY. 
 
 1. In written contract. 
 
 Explanation of by parol, 4 D. 132 ; 1 Y. 295; 4 R. 130; 
 8 W. 240 ; 2 H. 171 ; 3 C. 26 ; 6 C. 393 ; 5 W. 34 ; 
 6 W. & S. 381; 2 Wr. 376; 8 Wr. 393; 10 Wr. 
 243; 12 Wr. 73,491. 
 
 2. In charter. See Corporations. 
 
 3. In deed, 9 H. 263 ; 11 S. 283. 
 
 4. In statutes, 11 H. 417 ; 2 C. 446. 
 
 5. In will, 1 D. 286 ; 2 D. 70, 80, 266 ; 1 Y. 432, 437 ; 2 
 
 Y. 54, 285 ; 3 Y. 34 ; 4 S. & R. 203 ; 5 S. & R. 39; 7 
 S. & R. Ill ; 1 R. 108 ; 3 Wh. 162, 216 ; 4 Wh. 391, 
 396 ; 6 Wh. 99 ; 1 W. 163 ; 3 W. 385 ; 4 W. 443 ; 1 P. 
 & W. 126 ; 2 W. & S. 450, 456 ; 7 W. & S. 284 ; 2 Barr 
 388, 428 ; 3 Barr 251, 496 ; 5 Barr 409, 251 ; 9 Barr 
 322, 355 ; 10 Barr 82 ; 2 J. 136, 144 ; 8 H. 55 ; 11 H. 
 296, 381, 391; 12 H. 197; 1 C. 460; 5 C. 425; 6 C. 
 437; 2 Wr. 314; 5 S. 409; 8 S. 424. 
 
 AMENDMENT. 
 
 1. General rules relative to, 1 D. 124, 379, 465 ; 2 D. 
 
 97 ; 1 Y. 513, 518 ; 4 Y. 363, 507, 511 ; 1 B. 369, 570, 
 575 ; 3 B. 155 ; 5 B. 51 ; 6 B. 88 ; 2 S. & R. 219 ; 6 S. 
 & R. 293, 385 ; 8 S. & R. 268 ; 11 S. & R. 98 ; 13 S. & 
 R. 248 ; 15 S. & R. 81 ; 2 R. 23 ; 1 Wh. 281 ; 4 W. 
 258 ; 5 W. 186, 373; 8 W. 461 ; 1 W. & S. 240 ;, 1 J. 
 147, 340 ; 6 Barr 88, 377 ; 2 H. 71 ; 1 C. 463 ; 9 C. 
 409; 8 S. 443; 12 S. 55. • 
 
 2. As TO FORM OF ACTION, 5 Barr 254; 9 C. 409. 
 
 3. As TO CLERICAL ERRORS, 4 D. 25 ; 3 Y. 375, 389 ; 4 Y. 
 
 479 ; 2 B. 514 ; 5 S. & R. 351 ; 1 R. 142; 10 W. 343 ; 
 1 H. 426 ; 2 C 106. 
 
 4. As TO NAMES OF PARTIES. 
 
 Plaintiff, 8 S. & R. 57; 3 Wh. 82, 419; 6 W. & S. 46, 
 48; 8 W. & S. 30; 6 Barr 377 ; IJ. 147; 1 H. 60; 
 
AMENDMENT. 49 
 
 AMmiBMEBT— continued. 
 
 2 H. 69, 129 ; 3 H. 21 ; 10 H. 277 ; 11 H. 265.; 12 
 H. 52, 92, 489 ; 3 C. 67, 502 ; 7 C. 523; 1 Wr. 87, 
 130, 210; 2 Wr. 72; 7 Wr. 88; 8 Wr. 82, 451; 9 
 Wr. 488; 11 Wr. 115; 12 Wr. 118; 14 Wr. 230; 3 
 S. 165 ; 8 S. 399 ; 9 S. 347 ; 10 S. 441 ; 12 S. 301, 
 398 ; 16 S. 242 ; 18 S. 471. 
 
 Defendant, 7 W. 48 ; 7 W. & S. 140 ; 8 W. & S. 30 ; 6 
 Barr 377 ; 8 S. 399 ; 12 S. 302, 307. 
 
 5. As TO CAUSE OF ACTION, 8 S. 463 ; 11 S. 347, 350. 
 
 6. When to be made, 1 D. 464 ; 1 S. & R. Ill ; 2 S. & R. 
 
 219 ; 4 S. & R. 240 ; 6 S. & R. 294, 295 ; 9 S. & R. 
 277 ; 2 W. 14 ; 1 W. & S. 365 ; 6 Barr 377 ; 2 H. 71 ; 
 3 H. 276 ; 3 S. 166 ; 17 S. 34. 
 
 7. How made. 
 
 By consent, 1 B. 75. 
 
 By omission to object, 4 Y. 129, 347, 373, 523. 
 
 By precipe, 4 Y. 205 ; 1 B. 366. 
 
 8. Of writs generally. 
 
 As to teste, 4 Y. 185, 205. 
 
 As to return, 4 D. 13 ; 9 Barr 349. 
 
 Of fieri facias, 4 D. 268; 4 Y. 185, 205; 17 S. & R. 327, 
 
 436; 3 W. 87; 8 H. 245. 
 Of venditioni exponas, 1 D. 197 ; 3 W. 87 ; 2 Barr 335 ; 
 
 3 Barr 325. 
 
 Of levari facias, 9 S. & R. 277. 
 
 Of habeas corpus, 1 B. 366. 
 
 Of scire facias, 1 D. 133; 2 R. 56; 5 W. 315; 10 W. 343. 
 
 Of attachment execution, 6 Wh. 181. 
 
 9. Of award, 1 D. 396 ; 2 D. 180 ; 1 Y. 84, 353; 4 Y. 243. 
 
 10. Of appeal, 1 R. 370 ; 3 P. & W. 95 ; 2 W. 14, 131, 173 ; 
 
 7 W. 48, 175, 509, 526; 3 Wh. 82 ; 1 W. & S. 378; 4 
 W.&S.327;5W. & S. 363 ; 2 H. 69. 
 
 11. Of bill in equity, 2 D. 364 ; 12 H. 159 ; 6 S. 318 ; 14 
 
 S. 387. 
 
 12. Of answer in equity, 5 S. 85. 
 
 13. Of bill of particulars, 3 H. 324, 338. 
 
 14. Of the constitution, 2 D. 378, 382; 8 W. 371. 
 
 15. Op deposition, 2 Y. 92 ; 4 Y. 349 ; 3 S. & R. 402. 
 
 16. Of charter, 2 R. 359 ; 10 W. 364 ; 2 W. & S. 156 ; 9 H. 
 
 188 ; 12 Wr. 29 ; 5 S. 452, 466. See Corporation, 29. 
 
 17. In divorce, 17 S. & R. 273 ; 1 Wr. 443. 
 
 18. Of judgment, 2 Y. 151 ; 1 B. 480 ; 2 B. 40, 126 ; 6 B. 
 
 4 
 
50 AMENDMENT. 
 
 AMENDMENT— cowimwei. 
 
 420 ; 2 S. & R. 142 ; 9 S. & R. 23 ; 11 S. & R. 357 ; 1 
 P. & W. 114 ; 5 W. 186; 2 W. & S. 101 ; 6 H. 148 ; 1 
 C. 218 ; 1 S. 292 ; 3 S. 250 ; 5 S. 238 ; 11 S. 347. See 
 Judgment. 
 
 19. Of levy, 8 H. 245. 
 
 20. Of quo wakkanto, 3 Wh. 227 ; 4 C. 383. 
 
 21. Of mechanic's lien, 10 Barr 133 ; 3 H. 265 ; 11 0. 488 ; 
 
 12 C. 347 ; 8 Wr. 47. 
 
 22. Of record, 1 Barr 320; 5 Wh. 67 ; 6 Wh. 340 ; 1 Barr 
 
 320 ; 6 Barr 469 ; 2 H. 342 ; 12 H. 489. 
 
 23. Of recognisance, 2 D. 184 ; 1 Y. 186 ; 4 Y. 559 ; 1 W. 
 
 & S. 378 ; 2 W. 14 ; 7 W. 175; 3 Wh. 82 ; 7 S. 168. 
 
 24. Of rule of reference, 1 D. 430. 
 
 25. Of tender, 8 W. & S. 172. 
 
 26. Of writ of inquiry, 4 Y. 371, 378. 
 
 27. Of declaration, 
 
 General rules relative to, 4 Y. 363 ; 2 S. & R. 219 ; 6 S. 
 
 6 R. 293, 385, 511 ; 8 S. & R. 268 ; 15 S. & R. 81 ; 
 16 S. & R. 117 ; 3 Barr 221 ; 5 Barr 256 ; 2 W. 
 302, 306 ; 1 Wh. 282 ; 4 W. & S. 141 ; 2 H. 373 ; 
 
 10 H. 277 ; 11 H. 327 ; 8 S. 463 ; 9 S. 347. 
 How far permitted, 2 S. & R. 1 ; 8 S. & R. 268, 444 ; 11 
 
 S. & R. 98 ; 15 S. & R. 82 ; 16 S. & R. 117; 2 R. 
 337 ; 5 R. 175 ; 2 W. 173 ; 1 Wh. 10, 287 ; 2 Wh. 
 132 ; 3 Wh. 419, 491 ; 1 W. & S. 198 ; 4 W. & S. 141 ; 
 5 W. & S. 32; 1 Barr 434; 2 II. 69, 373; 3 H. 
 338; 4 H. 160; 5 H. 173, 249, 514; 10 H. 277; 
 
 11 H. 288, 327 ; 12 H. 92, 326 ; 1 C. 407 ; a C. 
 97 ; 4 C. 181 ; 11 C. 23 ; 1 Wr. 41, 87, 130, 210 ; 
 
 7 Wr. 19, 88 ; 8 Wr. 82, 259, 454 ; 9 Wr. 403, 488; 
 11 Wr. 198; 13 Wr. 83; 8 S. 463; 11 S. 347; 17 
 S. 126. 
 
 After appeal from award, 7 Barr 126, 433 ; 5 W. & S. 
 
 32 ; 2 W. 173 ; 4 W. 258 ; 2 J. 243 ; 8 H. 12 ; 4 
 
 C. 340; 11 C. 59. 
 After removal to Supreme Court, 1 S. 155. 
 After reversal, 4 Y. 517 ; 1 B. 486 ; 2 H. 71. 
 After judgment on demurrer, 1 C. 407. 
 On trial, 2 S. & R. 1, 337 ; 8 S. & R. 268 ; 2 W. 130 ; 
 
 2 Wh. 155; 6 Wh. 483 ; 2 H. 372 ; 3 H. 324 ; 4 H. 
 
 160; 4 C. 225; 9 C. 134. 
 In error, 1 W. & S. 370 ; 10 H. 89. 
 In action qui tam, 2 D. 143 ; 8 W. & S. 342. 
 
AMENDMENT. 51 
 
 AMENDMENT— continued. 
 
 In account render, 1 B. 588. 
 
 In assumpsit, 4 Y. 363 ; 1 B. 575 ; 5 B. 33 ; 2 S. & R. 
 
 219; 8 S. & R. 441 ; 15 S. & R. 81 ; 1 Wh. 281 ; 
 
 2 Wh. 131 ; 2 Barr 384. 
 In action on the case, 5 B. 31 ; 5 S. & R. 190 ; 2 W. 28. 
 In covenant, 13 S. & R. 249. 
 In debt, 1 D. 464 ; 13 S. & R. 249 ; 12 C. 538. 
 In ejectment, 1 D. 133; 2 D. 97, 256; 1 Y. 509, 513; 
 ■ 2 Y. 186, 536 ; 6 B. 115, 450. 
 
 28. Of petition for sale of land of decedent, 1 Gr. 431. 
 
 29. Of petition to assess land damages against railroad 
 
 company, 4 Wr. 377. 
 
 30. In scire facias. 
 
 Sur mechanic's lien, 3 H. 265 ; 11 C. 485. 
 Sur judgment, 1 D. 138; 2 R. 56; 5 W. 315. 
 
 31. Of transcript from justice, 1 R. 370. 
 
 32. Of verdict, 1 D. 46, 133, 134 ; 2 D. 156, 161, 212 ; 3 D. 
 
 184 ; 1 Y. 205, 441 ; 4 Y. 26, 205, 212 ; 1 B. 502; 2 B. 
 514 ; 1 S. & R. 202 ; 2 S. & R. 219, 337 ; 9 S. & R. 156 ; 
 11 S. & R. 202; 13 S. & R. 45; 7 W. 11, 38; 5 W. & 
 S. 252 ; 1 Barr 288 ; 10 Barr 869 ; 1 H. 117 ; 10 H. 
 351; 11 H. 288; 1 Wr. 465; 12 Wr. 387, 445; 7 S. 
 489 ; 8 S. 468 ; 12 S. 55. ■ 
 
 33. Effect of amendment. 
 
 Objection to must appear on record, 7 Barr 126. 
 Continuance of cause for, 6 Barr 121 ; 7 C. 523. 
 
 34. Review of, in error, 6 B. 88; 2 S. & R. 432; 7 S. & 
 
 R. 178, 180 : 8 S. & R. 498; 10 S. & R. 192 ; 11 S. & R. 
 101, 110, 387 ; 3 P. & W. 65 ; 1 W. & S. 365 ; 3 H. 276 ; 
 1 C. 226; 10 H. 14, 15; 2 Barr 165, 355; 8 Barr 325; 
 6 C. 299. 
 
 35. Of plea. 
 
 On entry of replication, 4 Y. 347 ; 13 S. & R. 178. 
 
 By entry after issue, 13 S. & R. 178. 
 
 By additional plea, 18 S. & R. 178, 244, 245, 249 ; 14 
 
 S. & R. 176 ; 4 Barr 121 ; 6 Barr 153 ; 3 W. & S. 
 
 118; 8 H. 19; 11 H. 327; 8 Wr. 142. 
 After judgment in demurrer, 2 J. 302. 
 In scire facias v. administrator, 16 S. & R. 820. 
 By changing plea, 12 C. 67. 
 
 36. In criminal cases, 5 Wh. 67. 
 
 37. In Orphans' Court, 12 S. & R. 171 ; 1 C. 226. 
 
 38. In error. 
 
 Of writ, 4 D. 13, 2&; 1 B. 75, 866, 486; 5 S. & R. 851; 
 
52 AMENDMENT— AMPLIAKE JURISDICTIONEM. 
 
 AMENDMENT— con^mMet?. 
 
 8 S. & R. 157; 9 S. & R. 277; 1 W. 240; 2 W. 
 294. 
 Record in, treated as if properly amended, 11 Wr. 115 ; 
 8 S. 469 ; 19 S. 426. 
 
 AMENDS. 
 
 1. Tender of, 3 W. 317. 
 
 2. Effect of, 3 "W. 317. 
 
 AMICABLE ACTION. 
 
 1. When improper, 9 H. 413. 
 
 2. When not under Act of 1836, 1 Wr. 394. 
 
 3. Agreement for. 
 
 By parties, 4 B. 69 ; 6 B. 383 ; 8 S. & R. 567 ; 14 S. & 
 R. 144. 
 Validity of judgment on, 7 S. & R. 306 ; 8 S. & R. 
 508;13S.&R.196;4W.441; 1S.491; US. 96. 
 By counsel, 8 S. & R. 567. 
 Form of, 8 S. & R. 567. 
 Before alderman or justice, 4 Y. 127. 
 In account render, 14 Wr. 530. 
 On mortgages, 2 W. 28 ; 11 S. & R. 168. 
 
 AMICABLE PARTITION, 1 B. 216, 378 ; 3 R. 420 ; 4 R. 
 411 ; 1 Wh. 292 ; 2 P. & W. 115 ; 3 P. & W. 115 ; 1 W. 
 
 265, 266 ; 2 W. 159; 5 W. 279 ; 8 W. & S. 131 ; 8 Ban- 
 64 ; 1 H. 376, 381 ; 5 H. 85 ; 7 H. 100 ; 5 C. 118 ; 5 
 Wr. 74; 10 Wr. 376; 11 Wr. 345. 
 
 AMICABLE SCIRE FACIAS, 2 B. 229; 17 S. & R. 123; 2 
 R. 37 ; 1 P. & W. 64; 1 W. & S. 299; 5 W. & S. 352 ; 
 6 W. & S. 159 ; 7 Barr 65, 257 ; 11 Wr. 67 ; 13 Wr. 155. 
 
 AMICABLE SETTLEMENT. 
 
 Of estates of decedents, 2 Y. 551; 9 S. & R. 267, 268; 
 6 W. 48 ; 5 Wh. 225 ; IJ. 374 ; 5 W. & S. Ill ; 1 C. 
 154; 3 C. 143; 1 Wr. 121; 2 S. 370; 17 S. 186. 
 
 AMERICAN PHILOSOPHICAL HALL. 
 
 Taxation of, 6 Wr. 9. 
 
 AMOTION. 
 
 Of corporator. See Corporation IV. 3. 
 
 AMPLIARE JURISDICTIONEM. 
 Application of maxim, 1 D. 81. 
 
ANIMO CLAMANDI— ANCILLARY. 53 
 
 ANIMO CLAMANDI. 
 
 Survey without, effect of on Statute of Limitations, 9 S. 414. 
 
 ANCESTOR. 
 
 1. Meaning of, in intestate law, 5 Barr 164, 167. 
 
 2. Descent oe lands of blood acquiring, 7 S. & R. 397 ; 
 
 5 Barr 166; 8 Barr 32; 10 H. 291; 12 H. 162; 10 
 Wr. 369 ; 5 S. 62. 
 
 3. Liability of heirs for, 4 D. 168; 16 S. & R. 376, 379 
 
 8H. 506; 3 C. 123; 6 C. 362; 3Wr. 358; 5 Wr. 169; 
 7 Wr. 468. 
 
 ANCIENT DEEDS. 
 
 1. Act of 1841 relative to, construed, 5 Barr 492. 
 
 2. How proved, 1 D. 14; 6 S. 110; 7 S. 13. 
 
 3. Presumption in favor of, 7 H. 64; 7 S. 13. 
 
 4. Admissibility of in evidence, 1 D. 67 ; 1 Y. 500 ; 2 Y. 
 
 219; 5 S. & R. 246; 10 S. & R. 197; 1 R. 223; 3 Wh. 
 538; 1 W. & S. 533; 4 W. & S. 378; 5 W. & S. 60; 5 
 Barr 492; 6 S. 132; 7 S. 13, 14; 14 S. 376; 17 S. 185. 
 
 ANCIENT DEMESNE. 
 Right of, 4 D. 262; 5 B. 77; 6 B. 509; 3 S. & R. 92; 1 P. 
 
 6 W. 460; 6 Wh. 44; 1 H. 403. 
 
 ANCIENT DOCUMENTS, 7 Wr. 267; 7 S. 13, 14. 
 
 ANCIENT DRAFT OF LAND, 4 W. & S. 378; 4 H. 91, 
 319; 13 S. 36; 5 W. & S. 79; 2 W. 336; 12 S. & R. 
 140. 
 
 ANCIENT RECEIPTS, 4 W. & S. 378; 7 S. 13, 14. 
 
 ANCIENT LEASE, 4 W. & S. 378. 
 
 ANCIENT POSSESSION. 
 
 Presumption on in favor of, 3 Y. 570; 1 W. & S. 535; 2 Barr 
 245; 13 S. 36. See Possession. 
 
 ANCIENT SURVEY. 
 Validity of, 6 Barr 346. 
 
 ANCIENT TRANSFER OF APPLICATION FOR LANDS, 
 2 Y. 122 ; 1 W. & S. 533. 
 
 ANCILLARY. 
 
 Administration. 
 
 Effect of on administration of domicil, 2 R. 265; 5 R. 
 
 264; 10 S. 325; 11 S, 478; 18 S. 15L 
 Guardianship, 1 Wr. 60. 
 
54 "AND"— ANNUITY. 
 
 "AND" WHEN CONSTRUED "OR," 1 Y. 41, 316, 319, 
 411; 3 Y. 421; 3 S. & R. 437. 
 
 ANIMALS. 
 
 Liability of owner for injury done by, 3 H. 188 ; 7 Barr 254 ; 
 7W. &S. 309; 3 0. 331; 7 C. 437; 1 Gr. 82; 13 S. 341. 
 
 ANSWER. 
 
 I. In equity. 
 
 1. Form of, 9 H. 251; 7 C. 387; 10 S. 199; 11 S. 118; 
 
 16 S. 483, 484. 
 
 2. When eesponsive, 16 S. 488, 484. 
 
 3. Amendment of, 5 S. 85. 
 
 4. Pkesumption in favor of, 12 H. 207, 413. 
 
 5. How FAR defendant allowed to testify in answer, 
 
 16 S. 488. 
 
 6. When evidence, 1 C. 509; 2 Wr. 457 ; 12 Wr. 512 ; 5 
 S. 269. 
 
 7. Onus of proof on, 7 C. 387; 17 S. 200. 
 
 8. Trial of, 5 S. 231. 
 
 9. Effect of when not responsive, 4 Wr. 68 ; 11 S. 118. 
 
 10. Effect of when responsive, 3 Gr. 398. 
 
 11. Admissions by, 10 Wr. 180. 
 
 II. Of garnishee in attachment. See Foreign Attach- 
 
 ment. 
 
 III. Of defendant in mandamus. See Mandamus. 
 
 IV. To points propounded to court. See Charge of 
 Court. 
 
 ANNUITY. 
 
 1. In lieu of dower, 9 C. 47 ; 10 Wr. 527 ; 1 S. 420. 
 
 2. Distinguished from legacy payable annually, 5 B. 
 
 472. 
 
 3. Personal liability op grantor, 10 W. 124. 
 
 4. Payment of. 
 
 Out of specific fund, 10 W. 124. 
 
 Out of proceeds of sheriff sale, 1 W. & S. 239. 
 
 5. Abandonment of, 9 W. 263. 
 
 6. When charged on land, 8 Barr 20 ; 11 Wr. 442 ; 12 Wr. 
 
 121 ; 20 S. 405. 
 
 7. Revocation of, 9 S. 9. 
 
 8. Apportionment of, 8 S. & R. 299 ; 17 S. & R. 171 ; 9 
 
 W. 29 ; 1 S. 420. 
 
ANNUITY— APPEAL. 55 
 
 Al^'SmTY^continued. 
 
 9. Collection of by administrator, 8 S. & R. 299 ; 2 Barr 
 514. 
 
 10. Descent of, 3 S. & R. 519 ; 17 S. & R. 171 ; 9 W. 529. 
 
 11. Abatement of, 9 W. 263. 
 
 12. Interest on, 9 W. 530 ; 8 S. & R. 299 ; 5 W. & S. 30. 
 
 13. Effect of marriage on annuity created by whl, 3 Wh. 
 
 576. See Conditions 4. 
 
 14. Mode of ascertaining amount when uncertain, 12 S. 
 
 324. 
 
 ANNUITANT. 
 
 Rights of. 
 
 1. Under settlement when there is no defence, 10 
 
 Barr 34. 
 
 2. To SEVERAL SECURITIES, 2 Gr. 402. 
 
 ANTE-NUPTIAL CONTRACT. See Marriage. 
 
 ANTE-NATUS. 
 British. 
 
 Descent to, 3 B. 75. 
 
 ANTE-DATING. 
 
 1. Of written instrument, 13 S. & R. 227. 
 
 "ANY EARTHLY PROPERTY." 
 Meaning of,.in will, 1 R. 408. 
 
 "ANY TWO JUSTICES." 
 
 Meaning of, in statute, 1 Y. 250. 
 
 APPEAL. 
 
 I. General rules relative to, 1 S. 85 ; 5 R. 123 ; 11 S. 
 
 497. 
 
 1. Distinguished from writ of error, 3 B. 85, 88 ; 4 
 
 R. 368; 2W. 426; 4 W. 305; 5 Barr 470 ; 9 Barr 
 488; 12 Wr. 335; 7 S. 445. 
 
 2. Not concurrent with writ of error, 11 S. 379. 
 
 3. Effect of, 3 D. 87, 118. 
 
 II. As TO parties. 
 
 1. Corporations, 2 B. 264; 8 S. & R. 517; 9 S. & R. 
 
 227. 
 
 2. Executors and administrators, 5 B. 508 ; 3 W. & S. 
 
 170 ; 2 Barr 404. 
 
56 APPEAL. 
 
 APPEAL — continued. 
 
 8. By one of several defendants, 1 S. & R. 492 ; 2 S. 
 & R. 107 ; 3 S. & R. 308 ; 4 S. & R. 191 ; 12 Wr. 
 286. 
 
 4. By attorney, 9 S. 204. 
 
 5. Severance on, 2 P. & W. 223. 
 
 IIL As TO TIME, 3 S. & R. 496 ; 16 S. & R. 421 ; 7 W. 337 ; 
 3 Barr 211. 
 
 IV. Waiver of right, 7 S. & R. 366 ; 8 W. 371. 
 
 V. Deposit of money, when equivalent to, 2 S. 484. 
 
 VI. From decision of accounting officers of Common- 
 wealth, 3 B. 90 ; 1 P. & W. 252 ; 9 W. 109 ; 7 C. 406. 
 
 VII. From judgment of alderman or justice. 
 
 1. When allowed by law, 8 S. & R. 93 ; 4 S. & R. 72 
 
 190; 6 S. & R. 285; 10 S. & R. 227; 12 S. & R, 
 335, 338 ; 16 S. & R. 244 ; 5 R. 228 ; 3 P. & W. 119 
 
 2 W. 304 ; 6 W. 277 ; 7 W. 337 ; 9 W. 17 ; 5 Wh 
 94; 2 W. & S. 204; 3 Barr 454; 1 J. 410; 5 H. 75 
 1 C. 411; 7 C. 424; 13 S. 199. 
 
 2. When justice has no jurisdiction there can be no 
 
 appeal, 11 S. 497. 
 
 3. From judgment on award of referees, 3 B. 561 ; 1 
 
 S. & R. 24 ; 2 S. & R. 463, 488 ; 6 S. & R. 285 ; 10 
 S. & R. 227; 12 S. & R. 385, 388; 3 P. & W. 174; 
 9 W. 17; 7 Barr 125; 1 C. 340. 
 
 4. Affidavit on, 2 S. & R. 107. 
 
 5. Recognisance on, 1 D. 406; 2 B. 264; 6 B. 52; 3 S. 
 
 & R. 93, 238, 364; 4 S. & R. 260; 9 S. & R. 227; 10 
 S. & R. 325; 1 P. & W. 9; 2 W. 103; 5 W. 333, 363; 
 9 W. & S. 142; 6 Barr 474; 7 Barr 109, 125; 2 H. 
 158; 7H. 356; 11 C. 276; 1 S. 85. 
 
 6. Amendment of, 1 W. & S. 378; 2 W. 14; 7 W. 175; 
 
 3 Wh. 82; 7 S. 168. 
 
 7. Objection to sureties, when to be made, 6 S. & R. 
 
 549 ; 15 S. & R. 205; 16 S. & R. 349. 
 
 8. Service op rule to justify, 6 Barr 194. 
 
 9. Justifying bail, 16 S. & R. 350; 2 P. & W. 431; 5 
 
 W. & S. 363 ; 6 Barr 194. 
 
 10. Liability of bail, 7 W. 471. 
 
 11. Discharge of bail, 12 S. & R. 24. 
 
 12. Entry of the appeal, 1 D. 310; 3 B. 432; 3 S. & R. 
 
 496; 3 P. & W. 416; 2 W. 72; 5 Wh. 436; 2 J. 363; 
 9 C. 535; 13 S. 199. 
 
APPEAL. 57 
 
 APPEAL — continued. 
 
 13. Amendment of appeal, 1 R. 370 ; 3 P. & W. 95 ; 2 W. 
 
 14, 131, 173 ; 7 W. 48, 175, 509, 526 ; 1 W. & S. 378 ; 
 4 W. & S. 327; 5 W. & S. 363 ; 2 H. 69. 
 
 14. Effect of appeal. 
 
 As to form of action, 1 B. 219 ; 4 B. 45 ; 10 S. & R. 121 ; 
 
 1 R. 370 ; 2 W. 14 ; 3 Barr 449 ; 4 Barr 197 ; 12 Wr. 
 
 456. 
 As to execution, 1 D. 317 ; 6 Barr 430 ; 3 Wr. 284. 
 As to scire facias from justice, 1 B. 381. 
 As to lien of transcript, 7 W. 540. 
 As to costs before appeal, 16 S. & R. 297. 
 Payment of costs on, 6 W. & S. 16 ; 6 Wr. 281. 
 
 15. Dismissal of appeal. 
 
 For what cause, 6 Barr 194; 1 Gr. 199 ; 7 S. 168 ; 13 S. 
 
 199. 
 Motion for, when to be made, 14 S. & R. 205 ; 3 Barr 
 
 211, 454 ; 8 Barr 465 ; 12 Wr. 202. 
 Review of, in error, 16 S. & R. 140, 373. 
 
 16. Waivee op error in, 3 Barr 211, 454; 1 J. 280; 13 S. 
 
 199. 
 
 17. Withdrawal of, 12 Wr. 286. 
 
 18. Pleading in court on. 
 
 Generally, 1 B. 219; 4 B. 45; 10 S. & R. 121; 4 R. 
 370; 2 W. 14; 1 W. & S. 301; 3 Barr 449; 4 Barr 
 197, 339; 7 0. 469; 12 Wr. 202, 456. 
 
 Declaration, 3 B. 301 ; 5 B. 45; 1 S. & R. 309; 3 S. & 
 R. 144; 5 S. & R. 35, 167, 544; 8 S. & R. 134; 10 
 S. & R. 121; 11 S. & R. 130; 17 S. & R. 141; 1 
 R. 370; 3Wh. 114; 2 P. & W. 74; 7 W. 237; 1 W. 
 k S. 334; 3 Barr 449; 4 Barr 339; 1 J. 280; 4 H. 
 196; 4 C. 335; 7 C. 469, 470. 
 
 Statement under Act of 1806, 5 S. & R. 544; 12 S. & R. 
 74 ; 1 W. & S. 334. 
 
 Amendment of declaration, 2 W. 173; 1 W. & S. 198 
 3 Wh. 419, 491; 5 H. 249. 
 
 19. Trial of appeal, 1 B. 219; 2 B. 45; 4 Barr 197, 198 ; 
 
 3 C. 265; 2 Gr. 150; 7 S. 168. 
 Errors and omissions, waived by, 4 C. 355; 7 C. 69. 
 
 20. Verdict on, 5 B. 600; 1 S. & R. 19; 3 S. & R. 290; 17 
 S. &R. 387; 3P. & W. 469. 
 
 21. Judgment on. 
 
 Limited to |100, 5 B. 600 ; 1 S. & R. 19. 
 
 Plaintiff may release excess over $100, 1 P. & W. 21. 
 
 Under rule of court, at fourth term, 6 Wh. 166, 359. 
 
58 APPEAL. 
 
 APPE AL — continued. 
 22. Costs on. 
 
 General rules as to, 7 W. & S. 313 ; 2 Barr 161 ; 6 Wr. 
 
 281 ; 9 S. 331. 
 As to counsel fee, 3 W. & S. 274. 
 On nonsuit after appeal, 16 S. & R. 373. 
 "Where judgment is increased, 1 B. 219 ; 8 S. & R. 298 ; 
 
 4 S. & R. 196, 573 ; 17 S. & R. 366 ; 2 Barr 65 ; 1 
 
 W. 53; IP. & W. 115; 10 H. 298; 3 C. 71 ; 7 C. 
 
 424 ; 3 Wr. Ill ; 16 S. 162. 
 "When judgment is reduced, 1 D. 308, 417, 467 ; 6 B. 
 
 402; 2 S. & R. 530; 3 S. & R. 308; 10 S. & R. 
 
 193 ; 13 S. & R. 198, 287 ; 15 S. & R. 133 ; 1 JR. 
 
 426 ; 2 P. & W. 74 ; 4 "W. 29 ; 9 "W. & S. 66 ; 4 
 
 Barr 330. 
 After oifer to confess judgment, 3 H. 41 ; 3 C. 71 ; 4 
 
 "W. 389; 4 Wh. 78 ; 1 Barr 38; 12 C. 445 ; 3 "Wr. 
 
 311. 
 "Where appellant has offered new testimony, 4 S. & R. 
 
 96; 10 S. & R. 1, 193: 13 S. & R. 198; 15 S. & 
 
 R. 133 ; 16 S. & R. 167 ; 17 S. & R. 366 ; 5 R. 
 
 321; 1 P. & "W. 23, 487; 3 P. & "W. Ill; 1 "W. 129; 
 
 4"W. 29; 6"W. 495;7W. 235. 
 
 VIII. From award of arbitrators in Common Pleas. 
 
 1. When proper, 5 B. 62; 1 S. & R. 24; 2 S. & R. 106; 
 
 4 S. & R. 136, 141; 8 S. & R. 391; 2 R. 140; 2 P. & 
 "W. 154, 158; 4 "W. 43; 7 "W. 29; 12 W. 286; 2 H. 
 155; 3H. 89; 4 C. 514; 2 Gr. 20. 
 
 2. "When in time, 4 Barr 515; 1 S. & R. 411; 3 S. & R. 
 
 395; 3P. &"W. 200. 
 
 3. "Waiver of right, 5 B. 387; 2 S. & R. 113; 7 S. & R. 
 
 366; 13 S. & R. 128, 165; 5 R. 228; 1 P. & W. 293; 
 3 P. & "W. 99; 8 W. 424; 2 J. 181; 5 C. 283; 10 C. 
 160;lGr. 437. 
 
 4. Who may appeal, 1 B. 388; 17 S. & R. 348; 7 W. 532; 
 
 3 C. 226; 4 C. 207. 
 
 5. Equivalent to an appearance, 5 B. 353; 2 Gr. 422. 
 
 6. Form of, 5 B. 461. 
 
 7. Amendment of, 2 W. 173; 4 W. 258; 7 W. 526; 5 W. 
 
 & S. 32; 7 Barr 126, 433; 2 J. 243;,. 8 H. 12; 4 C. 
 » 340; lie. 59. /S'ee Amendment 10. 
 
 8. Affidavit on, 5 B. 461; 3 S. & R. 16; 4 S. & R. 135; 
 
 13 S. & R. 405; 16 S. & R. 65; 3 P. & W. 65; 1 
 Barr 388; 1 J, 898; 12 H. 395; 8 C. 443. 
 
APPEAL. 59 
 
 APPEAL — continued. 
 
 9. By one of several parties, 1 S. & R. 492 ; 2 S. & R. 
 107; 8 S. & R. 157; 14 S. & R. 226; 2 P. & W. 223; 
 
 1 W. 161; 2 W. 91; 1 W. & S. 334; 12 Wr. 286. 
 
 10. Recognisance of, 5 B. 461; 3 S. & R. 238, 364; 4 S. 
 
 & R. 260; 5 S. & R. 329; 13 S. & R. 193, 243; 14 S. 
 
 6 R. 112; 16 S. &R. 349; IP. &W. 495; 9W. 288; 
 
 7 W. & S. 865; 12 H. 395. 
 
 11. Exception to bail on, 1 P. & W. 293. 
 
 12. Waiver of exceptions, 3 S. & R. 238, 369; 13 S. k 
 
 R. 128; IJ. 336. 
 
 13. Payment of costs on, 5 B. 508 ; 5 S. & R. 234, 390 ; 
 
 6 S. & R. 240; 11 S. & R. 359; 3 W. & S. 170, 382; 
 
 2 Barr 161; 4 Barr 463; 2 H. 157; 8 C. 443; 6 Wr. 
 281; 16 S. 457. 
 
 14. Entery of appeal, 2 B. 264; 3 B. 531; 5 B. 461; 8 
 
 S. & R. 526; 11 S. & R. 359: 3 P. & W. 441; 4 Barr 
 515. 
 
 15. Effect of, 1 S. & R. 77; 4 S. & R. 135; 6 S. & R. 34. 
 
 16. Waiver of irreqclarity in entry of, 8 S. & R. 526 ; 
 
 2 R. 334. 
 
 17. Dismissal of, 1 W. 161. 
 
 18. Withdrawal of, 11 S. & R. 155. 
 
 19. Effect of nonsuit after, 1 S. & R. 604 ; 11 S. & R. 
 
 59, 146; 7 W. 499. 
 
 20. Severance of pleas in, 6 Barr 250. 
 
 21. Trial of, 6 B. 250, 430; 4 S. & R. 135; 4 R. 305. 
 
 22. As to new evidence, 8 S. & R. 423. 
 
 23. As to set off, 11 S. & R. 59. 
 
 24. Costs. 
 
 Where judgment has been increased on appeal, 1 B. 219 ; 
 3 S. 298; 4 S. & R. 196, 573; 17 S. & R. 366; 1 
 W. 53; 1 P. & W. 115; 2 Barr 65; 2 J. 344; 3 C. 
 71; 7 C. 424; 10 H. 298; 3 Wr. Ill; 16 S. 162. 
 
 Where judgment has been reduced, 1 D. 308, 417, 467; 
 6 B. 402; 2 S. & R. 530; 3 S. & R. 308; 4 S. & 
 R. 196; 6 S. & R. 299; 10 S. & R. 193; 13 S. 
 & R. 165, 198; 15 S. & R. 133; 1 R. 426; 1 
 P. & W. 115; 2 P. & W. 74; 4 W. 29; 7 W. 
 341; 1 J. 277; 9 W. & S. 66; 4 Barr 330; 10 
 Barr 180. 
 
 As to daily pay of appellant, 6 W. 331. 
 
 As to witnesses in several suits at same term, 6 W. 331. 
 
60 APPEAL. 
 
 A'PVEAL— continued. 
 IX. To Supreme Court. 
 
 1. From Common Pleas. 
 
 When the proper remedy, 3 B. 85, 88; 2 W. 426 ; 4 "W. 
 
 305 ; 5 Barr 478 ; 9 Barr 481 ; 7 Wr. 518 ; 8 Wr. 
 
 256 ; 3 Gr. 294. 
 When in time, 3 H. 480. 
 Only when decree is definitive, 3 D. 404 ; 4 D. 22 ; 3 B. 
 
 273, 276, 373, 432, 528; 1 P. & W. 63, 73, 227; 2 P. 
 
 & W. 331; 2 S. & R. 232, 382; 5 S. & R. 516; 5 Wh. 
 
 307 ; 4 R. 355 ; 5 W. 289 ; 8 W. 530; 6 Barr 351 ; 
 
 10 H. 194 ; 1 C. 105 ; 8 0. 314 ; 3 Gr. 294 ; 20 S. 264. 
 Affidavit on, 1 P. & W. 481. 
 Recognisance, 13 S. & R. 128 ; 8 W. & S. 375 ; 1 H. 
 
 292. 
 Entry of, 2 D. 190; 1 R. 74. 
 Efiect of, 6 B. 460 ; 3 S. & R. 395 ; 4 S. & R. 317; 3 
 
 Wh. 13; 1 W. 255; 7 Barr 291; 9 C. 356; 2 Gr. 
 
 306; 1 S. 412. 
 Filing of exception on, 8 W. 313 ; 14 Wr. 387. 
 Withdrawal of, 5 W. 145. 
 What heard on, 2 B. 116 ; 2 W. & S. 417 ; 1 Barr 166 ; 
 
 4 Barr 301 ; 5 Barr 177 ; 8 H. 67 ; 4 Wr. 90. 
 
 2. From Orphans' Court. 
 
 General rules, 6 Wh. 191 ; 8 H. 366 ; 10 H. 334. 
 When allowed, 4 D. 160 ; 1 P. & W. 227 ; 1 S. & R. 
 
 412 ; 3 S. & R. 92 ; 3 P. & W. 201, 441 ; 2 W. 
 
 283; 1 J. 414; 1 H. 171; 10 H. 334; 10 S. 502; 
 
 12 S. 213; 19 S. 89. 
 When barred, 3 Wr. 186. 
 Form of appeal, 3 S. & R. 92 ; 10 H. 334. 
 Affidavit on, 13 S. & R. 48. 
 Wavier of affidavit, 13 S. & R. 104, 128. 
 Recognisance. 
 
 Where entered, 8 W. & S. 375. 
 
 Waiver of, 13 S. & R. 128. 
 
 May be signed in blank, 1 H. 292. 
 
 Power of Orphans' Court over, 9 W. & S. 151. 
 
 Entry of appeal, 2 D. 190 ; 1 R. 74. 
 
 Withdrawal of, 5 W. 145. 
 
 Quashing, 1 H. 292. 
 
 Filing exceptions on, 8 W. 313. 
 
 Deposition on, 6 W. 236; 2 W. & S. 417. 
 
 What heard on, 5 W. 157; 6 W. 236; 7 W. 64; 5 Wh. 
 
 576; 2 W. &S. 417; 4 Barr 223, 469 ; 5 H. 416; 8 
 
 H. 215 ; 1 Wr. 323. 
 
APPEAL— APPEARANCE. 61 
 
 APPEAL — continued. 
 
 3. From Court of Admiralty. 
 
 When proper, 1 D. 195; 2 D. 160; 1 Y. 443; 1 B. 293. 
 
 Effect of appeal, 3 D. 87, 105. 
 
 What heard on, 1 D. 185, 195; 3 D. 87, 88, 102, 336. 
 
 Decree on, 3 D. 80. 
 
 How affected by previous death of party, 3 D. 86, 101, 
 
 107. 
 Damages in, 1 D. 185. 
 Costs on, 3 D. 392. 
 
 4. From Quarter Sessions. 
 
 When proper, 5 B. 24; 5 S. & R. 59; 4 R. 368; 1 
 
 Barr 105; 3 H. 313. 
 Entry of appeal, 12 S. 479. 
 How record brought up. See Certiorari. 
 What brought up on, 1 H. 389; 7 S. 495; 12 S. 479. 
 What heard on, 5 Wh. 445; 8 Barr 23; 1 H. 389; 4 C. 
 
 185; 10 C. 184,440; 7 S. 452.. 
 Decree in. 
 
 Effect of death of party on, 1 W. 307. 
 
 5. From Circuit Court. 
 
 When proper, 4 D. 22 ; 1 Y. 443 ; 4 Y. 551. 
 Entry of, 4 Y. 234, 240, 511, 572 ; 1 B. 96. 
 Power of Supreme Court on, 1 B. 393; 3 B. 117. 
 
 6. To Circuit Court, 3 D. 467; 16 S. & R. 9. 
 
 7. From decision of board of property, 1 B. 324; 5 W. 
 
 194 ; 8 W. 81 ; 2 W. & S. 255. 
 
 8. From regulator of party walls, 1 D. 308; 11 H. 34. 
 
 9. From fence regulators. See Fences. 
 
 10. From register op wills. See Administration. 
 
 11. From township auditors. See Auditors. 
 
 12. From county auditors. See Auditors. 
 
 13. From decision under act relative to persons in 
 
 military service, 8 wr. 313. 
 
 14. From assessment of taxes, 1 H. 72; 6 C. 227; 8 C. 
 
 356; 8 Wr. 113. 
 From assessment of land damages, 11 S. 369. See Rail] 
 
 ROADS. 
 
 15. Under landlord and tenant law. See Landlord. 
 
 APPEARANCE. 
 
 To suit at law. 
 
 1. By defendant, 1 D. 166; 1 S. & R. 328; 3 P. & W. 
 170 ; 4 W. 441 ; 2 Gr. 422. 
 
62 APPEAEANCE— APPLICATION. 
 
 APPEARANCE— conimMec?. 
 
 2. By joint defendants, 4 Y. 134; 6 S. & R. 34; 12 S. 
 
 k R. 325. 
 
 3. By counsel, 1 D. 166; 1 B. 214; 2 B. 145; 1 S. & R. 
 
 187; 5 S. & R. 294, 373; 6 S. & R. 34; 13 S. & R. 
 164; 16 S. & R. 368; 2 R. 97; 4 Barr 296; 7 H. 
 402; 8 H. 178; 10 Wr. 236; 2 Gr. 422. 
 
 4. By order of agent, 7 Wr. 418. 
 
 5. By infant, 1 D. 166 ; 1 B. 1; 5 S. & R. 377 ; 4 S. 455. 
 
 6. After return of tardb venit, 7 Barr 128. 
 
 7. De bene esse, 11 S. & R. 84, 87 ; 4 Barr 501 ; 16 S. 138.' 
 
 8. Effect op, general, 1 B. 214; 2 B. 148; 6 S. & R. 
 
 34 ; 2 W. & S. 121 ; 5 W. 215 ; 5 C. 112 ; 12 C. 29 ; 
 12 Wr. 161 ; 13 Wr. 21 ; 16 S. 266, 268. 
 
 9. What is equivalent to, 5 B. 353; 2 Gr. 422. 
 
 10. Withdrawal of, 3 W. & S. 501 ; 2 S. 238. 
 
 11. Memorandum of, on. margin of docket, 8 H. 178. 
 
 12. Errors and omissions cured by, 3 D. 87 ; 4 Y. 523 ; 2 
 
 S. & R. 392 ; 3 S. & R. 44, 413 ; 10 S. & R. 44 ; 5 
 W. 215 ; 3 Gr. 81. 
 
 13. Effect of on garnishee in attachment, 6 Wr. 500. 
 
 14. Before arbitrators, 1 Y. 531. See Arbitration. 
 
 15. In partition, 10 Wr. 236. 
 
 16. Judgment for default of. 
 
 When to be taken, 1 D. 154 ; 2 B. 436 ; 4 S. & R. 237; 
 
 3 P. & W. 28; 6 W. 26 ; 5 W. & S. 44; 8 W. & S. 
 
 43 ; 9 Barr 53 ; 2 H. 105; 14 Wr. 441; 2 S. 238 ; 
 
 8 S. 213; 18 S. 83. 
 Against whom, 1 D. 154 ; 4 Y. 560 ; 3 S. & R. 230; 6 
 
 S. & R. 18 ; 10 S. & R. 164 ; 9 W. 22 ; 14 Wr. 441. 
 Amount, how ascertained, 1 D. 377 ; 6 S. & R. 18 ; 5 
 
 W. & S. 44. See Inquiry, Prothonotary. 
 Validity of, 4 Y. 387; 2 B. 436; 4 S. & R. 237 ; 13 S. 
 
 & R. 290 ; 2 W. & S. 121 ; 8 W. & S. 43 ; 9 C. 
 
 134; 9 Barr 164. 
 Setting aside of, 4 Y. 337. 
 
 17. In error, 4 D. 6. 
 
 APPLICATION TO LAND OFFICE FOR LANDS. 
 
 1. Validity op under Act op April 3, 1804, 4 Y. 328. 
 
 2. Form op, 3 B. 20, 103; 4 B. 161, 213; 5 B. 136; 1 S. 
 
 &R.*221;2 S. & R. 65. 
 
 3. To whom made, 3 B. 19. 
 
APPLICATION— APPRAISEMENT. 63 
 
 APPLICATION, kc— continued. 
 
 4. For whom, 1 Y. 164; 1 S. & R. Ill; 13 S. & R. 17. 
 
 5. By whom, 1 Y. 164; 2 Y. 124 ; 8 B. 14 ; 4 S. & R. 207. 
 
 6. When title commences under, 1 Y. 287, 523; 3 Y. 
 
 23; 4 Y. 328, 462; 3 B. 20, 66, 161, 175; 5 B. 77, 
 162; 2 S. & R. 394; 5 S. & R. 215. 
 
 7. Survey on. See Survey. 
 
 8. Priority between applicants, 1 Y. 513; 4 Y. 494; 1 
 
 B. 385; 3B. 14;6H. 138. 
 
 9. Presumption as to ownership, 1 S. & R. Ill; 1 H. 459. 
 
 10. Duty of applicant, 1 Y. 293; 4 Y. 109; 3 B. 14. 
 
 11. Forfeiture of, 1 Y. 293, 521; 2 Y. 148, 152; 3 Y. 
 
 402; 3 B. 14, 103; 2 S. & R. 399, 436; 5 S. & R. 
 215; 6 S. & R. 559. 
 
 12. Transfer op. 
 
 By parol, 1 Y. 600, 520; 2 Y. 122 ; 4 Y. 300. 
 
 By deed, 1 Y. 518. 
 
 By will, 2 Y. 379; 3 Y. 582. 
 
 By descent, 1 Y. 518. 
 
 Liability of vendee, 8 S. & R. 381. 
 
 APPOINTMENT. 
 
 1. Power of, discussed, 1 Y. 150, 221; 5 W. 187; 3 Wh. 
 
 287; 8 Wr. 527; 13 Wr. 213; 8 S. 365; 13 S. 170. 
 
 2. Under will, 5 Wh. 551 ; 8 Wr. 527 ; 13 Wr. 213 ; 13 S. 170. 
 
 3. Under deed, 13 Wr. 256; 13 S. 170. 
 
 Under instruction from United States Secretary of 
 Treasury, 9 S. 32. 
 
 4. Exercise of. See Powers. 
 
 5. Of officers. 
 
 Limitation as to, 1 B. 77. 
 Proof of, 3 S. & R. 169. 
 
 APPORTIONMENT. 
 
 1. Of rent, 3 W. 404; 3 Wh. 357; 10 H. 144; 1 C. 193; 1 
 
 S. 420; 8 S. 501; 9 S. 420; 13 S. 302. 
 
 2. Of annuity, 8 S. & R. 299; 17 S. & R. 171; 9 W. 29; 1 
 
 S. 420. 
 
 3. Of taxes, 12 S. & R. 299; 7 H. 260. 
 
 APPRAISEMENT. 
 
 1. Under exemption law. See Exemption. 
 
64 APPRAISEMENT— APPKOPRIATION. 
 
 APPRAISEMENT— co«<zwMed 
 
 2. Of lands in partition. See. Partition. 
 
 3. Of lands under will, 5 Wh. 551 ; 10 Barr 440. 
 
 4. Of distrained property. See Distress. 
 
 APPRENTICESHIP. 
 
 1. Object of, 5 "Wh. 128. 
 
 2. Indenture of, 2 Y. 257; 3 S. & R. 158; 10 S. & R. 
 
 416 ; 3 W. & S. 178 ; 2 Barr 402. 
 
 3. Consent of parties to, 1 S. & R. 248 ; 3 S. & R. 158 ; 
 
 6 S. & R. 340; 1 R. 191; 2 R. 269; 4 W. 80; 8 W. & 
 S. 339; IH. 95. 
 
 4. "Next friend" of apprentice, 1 S. & R. 366; 3 S. & 
 
 R. 158; 6 S. & R. 340; 1 R. 191; 8 W. & S. 158; 5 
 Barr 269. 
 
 5. Execution of indenture, 1 S. & R. 248, 366; 3 S. & R. 
 
 158; 6 S. &R. 340; 4 W. 80. 
 
 6. Consideration for, 6 B. 206 ; 4 R. 214. 
 
 7. Proof of execution, 3 S. & R. 158. 
 
 8. Transfer of indenture, 1 S. & R. 248 ; 3 S. & R. 158 ; 
 
 4 S. & R. 109. 
 
 9. Vacating indenture, 1 S. & R. 330; 1 R. 191. 
 
 10. Foreign indenture of, 6 B. 202; 6 S. & R. 526. 
 
 11. Rights and liabilities under. 
 
 Of master, 1 B. 277; 2 R. 269; 2 Barr 402. 
 
 Of executor of master, 4 S. & R. 109. 
 
 Of parent and guardian, 1 H. 90 ; 2 Barr 402 ; 7 Barr 
 
 21. 
 Of apprentice, 2 Y. 321 ; 6 B. 202; 6 S. & R. 526 ; 1 R. 
 
 191 ; 1 Wh. 112 ; 2 Barr 402 ; 5 Barr 269. 
 
 APPRENTICE. 
 
 1. Who may become, 3 S. & R. 158; 5 Wh. 128. 
 
 2. Enlistment of, 5 B. 423 ; 1 S. & R. 353. 
 
 3. Marriage of, 2 Y. 321 ; 3 R. 305. 
 
 4. Harboring, 1 S. & R. 353; 3 W. & S. 178. 
 
 APPROPRIATION. 
 I. Of payments. 
 
 1. General rule as to, 5 W. 544 ; 6 W. & S. 9; 8 W. & 
 
 S. 17; 3 Wr. 361; 10 Wr. 410; 13 Wr. 147. 
 
 2. By debtor, 5 W. 544; 3 W. & S. 550; 5 W. & S. 542; 
 
 6 W. & S. 325; 8 W. & S. 320; 2 Barr 350; 2 J. 
 238; 1 C. 411; 10 H. 492; 14 S. 343. 
 
APJPROPRIATION— ARBITRATION. 65 
 
 APTROTRIATIO^— continued. 
 
 3. By credixoe, 11 S. & R. 78; 12 S. & R. 301; 5 W. 544; 
 
 1 W. & S. 462; 2 Barr 350; 10 Barr 154; 12 H. 215; 
 1 C. 411 ; 12 C. 524; 1 Wr. 268; 5 S. 321. 
 
 4. By agreement of parties, 10 Wr. 410; 16 S. 169. 
 
 5. By law, 6 W. 9, 243, 325; 9 W. 386; 10 W. 255; 1 
 
 W. & S. 462; 3 W. & S. 324; 5 W. & S. 542 
 8 W. & S. 17; 9 W. & S. 109; 2 Barr 353; 2 J. 238 
 10 II. 144; 1 C. 411; 9 C. 151; 11 C. 166; 2 Gr. 23 
 5 S. 321 ; 14 S. 464. 
 
 6. On running account, 1 Wr. 263. 
 
 7. To BUILDINGS under MECHANICS' LlEN Law, 12 Wr. 
 
 195, 196. 
 
 8. To BUILDING AND LOAN ASSOCIATIONS, 3 Wr. 148 ; 10 Wr. 
 
 493; 11 Wr. 233. 
 
 9. To MORTGAGE GIVEN TO SECURE FUTURE ADVANCES, 1 
 
 Wr. 268. 
 
 II. Of land FOR PUBLIC ROADS IN ORIGINAL SURVEY, 3 D. 
 
 497; 6 B. 509. 
 
 III. Op LAND FOR RAILROAD PURPOSES. See RAILROADS. 
 
 For canals, 8 Wr. 418; 14 Wr. 268, 425; 3 S. 477. 
 For loss by fire in Chambersburg during Rebellion. 
 Right of creditors to, 5 S. 430. 
 
 "APPROVED PAPER." 
 
 What is, 4 S. & R. 1. 
 
 APPURTENANCES. 
 
 What are. 
 
 1. Generally, 4 Y. 142, 146, 153; 1 S. & R. 169, 227; 5 S. 
 
 & R. 107; 6 S. & R. 71; 10 S. & R. 63; 3 R. 256; 1 P. 
 & W. 402; 2 W. Ill; 4 W. 223; 7 W. 378; 4 W. & S. 
 437 ; 4 Barr 353, 480 ; 5 Barr 126 ; 7 Barr 488 ; 1 J. 444 ; 
 1 G. 397; 9 Wr.475; 11 Wr. 465; 2 Gr.406; 8 S. 253, 
 254; 19 S. 117. 
 
 2. To RAILROADS, 3 Wr. 337 ; 11 Wr. 465. 
 
 3. To FURNACES, 9 Wr. 475. 
 
 4. Protection of, 10 Barr 93. 
 
 ARBITRATION. 
 
 I. Act of 1806 relative to, construed, 10 W. 283 ; 1 W. 
 
 & S. 257 ; 9 S. 308. 
 
 II. Act of 1810 relative to, construed, 1 W. & S. 257. 
 
 III. Act op 1836 relative to, construed, 10 W. 283 ; 3 
 W. & S. 37; 5 W. & S. 562; 8 S. 295; 9 S. 308. 
 
66 ARBITRATION. 
 
 ARBITRATION^— continued. 
 
 IV. By counsel for clients, 9 Barr 101 ; 2 H. 397 ; 9. S. 
 379. 
 
 V. By agreement of parties. 
 
 1. Under terms of original contract, 1 W. & S. 301 ; 
 
 4 W. & S. 205, 405 ; 1 H. 90 ; 4 H. 469 ; 4 C. 211, 
 224; 7 C. 300; 9 C. 530; 1 S. 298; 6 S. 62 ; 8 S. 
 186, 266 ; 19 S. 489. 
 
 2. Under the Act of Assembly. 
 
 When proper, 2 B. 195, 264 ; 9 S. & R. 9 ; 1 H. 90, 97 ; 
 7H. 419; 4C. 211. 
 
 3. What implied in, 2 Y. 161 ; 4 Wh. 347 ; 1 H. 90, 179; 
 
 4 C. 211; 6 C. 384; 9 C. 535; 3 S. 464; 9 S. 331; 
 10 S. 163. 
 
 4. Form of submission, 6 B. 422 ; 1 S. & R. 24 ; 4 S. & 
 
 R. 52 ; 5 S. & R. 51 ; 8 S. & R. 9 ; 4 R. 411 ; 2 W. 
 471 ; 6 W. 134, 360 ; 7 W. 357, 364 ; 8 W. 424 ; 1 
 W. & S. 257 ; 2 W. & S. 233 ; 3 W. & S. 365 ; 9 Barr 
 259 ; 1 H. 90, 97, 179 ; 2 Gr. 20, 36, 457 ; 3 S. 464; 
 7 S. 266; 9 S. 308, 331; 10 S. 163; 14 S. 395; 15 
 S. 300. 
 Implied intention to make entry of, a rule of court, 3 W. 
 320 ; 8 W. 424 ; 1 W. & S. 257 ; 1 H. 179, 190 ; 4 
 C. 24, 211 ; 10 C. 315 ; 9 S. 331 ; 15 S. 300. 
 Entry of rule on, 1 D. 164 ; 1 Y. 161 ; 4 S. & R. 135 ; 
 8 S. & R. 424 ; 4 W. & S. 205 ; 5 W. & S. 562 ; 3 
 Barr 449 ; 7 Barr 134 ; 1 H. 90 ; 4 C. 211 ; 9 C. 
 536; 10 S. 163; 14 S. 163, 395; 15 S. 300. 
 Notice of rule, 5 S. & R. 179 ; 10 S. & R. 108 ; 7 Wr. 
 
 323. 
 Continuance of rule, 1 Y. 179 ; 5 Barr 497. 
 How affected by death of party, 3 W. & S. 560. 
 Striking' off rule, 4 D. 272. 
 
 5. Consolidation of suits in, 10 S. & R. 18. 
 
 6. Modification of submission. 
 By the parties by parol, 4 C. 211. 
 
 By the court as to power of arbitrators, 12 S. 146. 
 
 7. When binding on parties, 1 Wr. 394; 8 Wr. 110; 10 
 
 Wr. 74 ; 14 Wr. 330. 
 
 8. Revocation op submission, 1 D. 430 ; 1 B. 42 ; 14 S. 
 
 & R. 451 ; 7 W. 205 ; 5 Barr 497, 500 ; 2 H. 399 ; 6 
 C. 385, 390 ; 2 Gr. 20 ; 13 S. 374. 
 
 9. Bond in, 4 D. 284 ; 8 S. & R. 399. 
 
 10. Declaration when necessary, 2 Y. 149. 
 
ARBITRATION. 67 
 
 ARBITRATION— cowfrnwecZ. 
 
 11. Selection of arbitrators, 1 D. 251 ; 1 S. & R. 231 ; 
 
 2 S. & R. 188 ; 6 S. & R. 281 ; 10 S. & R. 286 ; 6 
 W. 259 ; 7 W. & S. 183 ; 2 Barr 435. 
 
 12. Substitution of arbitrators, 1 Wh. 177 ; 12 H. 411. 
 18. Notice of meeting, 1 D. 81. 
 
 Award in. See Award.' 
 Appeal from. See Appeal. 
 
 ARBITRATION, COMPULSORY. 
 
 I. What may be arbitrated, 3 S. & R. 262 ; 4 S. & R. 76 ; 
 
 6 S. & R. 542 ; 8 S. & R. 477 ; 11 S. & R. 193 ; 18 S. 
 & R. 319 ; 16 S. & R. 244 ; 1 R. 437 ; 2 R. 341 ; 2 P. 
 & W. 165 ; 8 P. & W. 395 ; 3 W. 176 ; 4 W. 69 ; 10 W. 
 443 ; 6 W. & S. 493 ; 10 W. & S. 344 ; 9 Barr 284 ; 4 H. 
 251 ; 1 C. 74 ; 1 Gr. 190 ; 2 Or. 20 ; 14 S. 462. 
 
 Act of 1806 relative to, supplied by Act of 1836, 8 
 S. 295. 
 
 II. Rule for. 
 
 1. Entry of, 3 B. 269 ; 5 B. 518 ; 8 S. & R. 387 ; 10 S. 
 
 & R. 227 ; 11 S. & R. 9 ; 4 R. 463 ; 5 R. 249 ; 5 3Vh. 
 358; 1 C. 472; 10 C. 160. 
 
 2. Effect of affidavit of defence rules, on bight to 
 
 ENTER, 12 S. 146. 
 
 3. Right of party to enter, 4 Wh. 358 ; 12 S. 146. 
 
 4. Form of rule, 6 B. 32. 
 
 5. Effect of bntring rule, 6 B. 82; 2 S. & R. 421; 4 S. 
 
 6 R. 135 ; 5 S. & R. 419 ; 11 S. & R. 9 ; 10 W. 131 ; 
 
 7 H. 57. 
 
 6. Notice of rule, 3 S. & R. 245 ; 5 S. & R. 179 ; 6 S. 
 
 & R. 281 ; 10 S. & R. 108 ; 12 S. & R. 412 ; 4 W. 
 847 ; 7 W. & S. 249 ; 2 Barr 444 ; 7 Wr. 323 ; 12 S. 
 370. 
 
 7. Penalty for omission to serve notice, 1 C. 84. 
 
 8. Waiver op notice, 2 R. 341 ; 9 Barr 254 ; 2 J. 128. 
 
 9. Amendment of rule, 1 D. 430. 
 
 10. Striking off rule, 1 D. 450; 4 D. 222 ; 1 B. 42; 2 
 
 S. &R. 188; 7 H. 57; 1 Gr. 190. 
 
 11. Withdrawal op rule, 2 Barr 485. 
 
 III. Declaration when unnecessary, 6 B. 353 ; 1 S. & R. 
 435; 3 S. &R. 887. 
 
 IV. Selection op arbitrators. 
 
 1. When both parties are present, 1 D. 251; 1 S. & R. 
 
68 ARBITEATION— ARBITRATOKS. 
 
 ARBITRATION, GOMVJJLSO'RY— continued. 
 
 231; 2 S. & R. 188; 6 S. & R. 281; 5 R. 286; 6 W. 
 259; 7 W. & S. 183; 2 Barr 435. 
 
 2. When but one party is present, 6 W. 259 ; 7 W. & 
 
 S. 183 ; 2 Barr 435 ; 1 Gr. 442. 
 
 3. Substitution of, 1 Wh. 177 ; 12 H. 411. 
 
 V. Time and place of meeting. 
 
 1. When fixed by prothonotaey, 10 S. & R. 103 ; 2 
 
 Barr 437. 
 
 2. Notice of, 1 D. 81, 181 ; 1 B. 59 ; 3 S. & R. 3 ; 8 S. 
 
 6 R. 193; 10 S. & R. 103; 12 S. & R. 412; 2 P. & 
 W. 114 ; 4 W. 347 ; 12 S. 370. 
 
 3. Effect of omission to serve notice, 2 W. 13. 
 
 VI. Irregularities in. 
 
 1. Cured by trial, 17 S. & R. 295; 9 Barr 254; 2 J. 
 
 128, 134 ; 12 C. 472 ; 14 Wr. 530. 
 
 2. Corrected in Common Pleas, 2 H. 155. 
 
 3. Corrected in error, 2 H. 155. 
 
 ARBITRATORS. 
 
 I. Oath of, 5 S. & R. 51 ; 6 S. & R. 275. 
 
 II. Presumption in favor of, 4 C. 178; 6 C. 385; 9 S. 331. 
 
 III. Power and authority of. 
 
 1. Confined to terms of submission, 1 D. 265 ; 4 D. 73 ; 
 
 3 Y. 48 ; 3 P. & W. 270. 
 
 2. As to rules of practice, 6 C. 384 ; 7 C. 498. 
 
 3. To act by majorities, 1 H. 179 ; 6 C. 384, 390 ; 10 S. 
 
 163. 
 
 4. To substitute arbitrators, 1 S. & R. 9 ; 6 W. 259 ; 
 
 7 W. 495 ; 10 S. 163. 
 
 5. In partition, 4 R. 411. 
 
 6. To SETTLE boundary LINES, 6 B. 34 ; 15 S. & R. 165 ; 
 
 4 R. 411 ; 7 W. 311, 601 ; 7 W. & S. 344 ; 2 H. 393. 
 
 7. To SETTLE TITLE TO LAND, 1 S. & R. 203. 
 
 8. To CONSOLIDATE SUITS, 1 D. 145, 355 ; 3 S. & R. 262, 
 
 387; 10 S. &R. 18. 
 
 9. To e'nter nonsuit, 5 B. 62. 
 
 10. To ADJOURN, 1 S. & R. 435 ; 2 S. & R. 59 ; 6 S. & R. 
 
 275 ; 10 S. & R. 286 ; 2 P. & W. 114 ; 2 J. 181. 
 
 11. To AWARD. 
 
 Generally, 2 D. 172 ; 4 Y. 243 ; 2 S. &. R. 106 ; 2 P. 
 & W. 158 ; 6 C. 389. 
 
AEBITRATORS— ARMSTRONG, &c. TURNPIKE CO. 69 
 
 ARBITRATORS— cowimwei. 
 
 To correct award, 3 S. & R. 133. 
 
 To explain award, 2 S. & R. 286 ; 1 R. 304 ; 1 J. 413 ; 
 
 13 Wr. 346. 
 To award up to date, 13 S. & R. 71. 
 12. As TO COSTS, 2 D. 157 ; 1 Y. 252 ; 4 Y. 282 ; 1 B. 61 : 
 2 B. 587 ; 3 B. 321 ; 4 B. 12 ; 2 S. & R. 534, 550 ; 4 
 S. & R. 417 ; 6 S. & R. 85 ; 13 S. & R. 71, 198, 280; 
 14 S. & R. 345 ; 16 S. & R. 135 ; 4 R. 299 ; 2 Gr. 
 388. 
 
 IV. Duties of. 
 
 1. As to oath, 5 S. & R. 51 ; 6 S. & R. 275. 
 
 2. As to meeting, 2 S. & R. 459. 
 
 3. As TO testimony, 1 D.161, 162, 188 ; 4 D. 272 ; 8 S. 
 
 & R. 428 ; 2 W. 340 ; 9 S. 331. 
 
 4. As to record of proceedings, 1 S. & R. 19. 
 
 5. As TO FILING AWARD, 1 D. 335 ; 4 B. 481, 515 ; 1 S. & 
 
 R. 231 ; 1 Gr. 393. 
 
 V. Rights of. 
 
 1. As TO INSTRUCTION FROM THE COURTS, 1 D. 347. 
 
 2. To COMPENSATION, 4 S. & R. 81. 
 
 VI. Liability of. 
 
 1. To BE EXAMINED IN EXPLANATION OF AWARD, 2 S. & B. 
 
 286 ; 1 R. 304 ; 1 J. 413 ; 13 Wr. 346. 
 
 2. To TESTIFY, 16 S. & R. 172 ; 9 Barr 254. 
 
 VII. Award of. See Award. 
 
 ARCHITECT. 
 
 Right of, to lien on building, 11 C. 423 ; 13 S. 191. 
 
 AREA. 
 
 Of water way, as aifected by piers in river, 6 Wr. 219. 
 
 ARGUMENT IN COURT. 
 
 Right of counsel to begin and conclude, 2 D. 125; 1 Y. 403; 
 3 Y. 484; 4 Y. 446, 484; 3 B. 589; 8 H. 19. 
 
 ARM OF THE SEA. 
 Definition of, 11 S. 22. 
 
 ARMSTRONG COUNTY. 
 
 Act relative to public buildings, construed, 5 Wr. 269. 
 
 ARMSTRONG, INDIANA AND CAMBRIA TURNPIKE 
 COMPANY CHARTER, 2 P. & W. 184. 
 
70 ARMS AND AMMUxNITION— ARREST. 
 
 ARMS AND AMMUNITION. 
 
 1. Forfeiture for carrying, 3 D. 297. 
 
 2. Exportation op, 3 D. 301. 
 
 ARMY OFFICERS. 
 Liability of, 1 D. 140. 
 
 ARRAIGNMENT. 
 
 Of prisoner. 
 
 Record of, when necessary, 5 S. & R. 315; 4 H. 129, 133; 10 
 H. 94; 8 S. 9; 19 S. 286. 
 
 ARREST. 
 
 I. On civil process. 
 
 1. What constitutes an, 3 Y. 348 ; 2 W. 165. 
 
 2. When lawful, 1 Y. 163; 4 S. & R. 505; 2 W. 165. 
 
 3. Proceedings under Act of 1842, 2 J. 303; 10 H. 450; 
 
 8 C. 520; 3 Wr. 302. 
 
 4. Duty of officer on, 3 W. & S. 495. 
 
 5. Protection of officer, 3 Gr. 406. 
 
 6. Discharge from, effect of on debt, 2 Gr. 416. 
 
 ".. When illegal, 2 W. 447; 8 W. & S. 308; 3 Gr. 406. 
 
 II. Exemption from. 
 
 1. Defined, 1 Y. 25. 
 
 2. Waiver of, 6 W. & S. 424. 
 
 3. Attornies, 1 Y. 350. 
 
 4. Bankrupts,- 4 Y. 141. 
 
 5. Consuls, 1 D. 305; 5 S. & R. 595. 
 
 6. Foreign ministers, 1 D. 116; 4 D. 321. 
 
 7. Freeholders, 1 D. 246, 310, 348, 436; 3 B. 480. 
 
 8. Insolvents, 3 Y. 182; 6 W. & S. 424. 
 
 9. Sheriffs,' 1 D. 295. 
 
 10. Soldiers, 1 D. 295. 
 
 11. Suitors in court, 1 D. 356; 1 Y. 163; 2 Y. 222; 3 Y. 
 
 387; 4 Y. 127; 1 B. 77; 2 B. 222; 4 S. & R. 147. 
 
 12. Members op the Legislature, 1 D. 302; 3 D. 478; 4 
 
 D. 107. 
 
 13. Members of Congress, 3 D. 478; 3 Y. 347. 
 
 14. Members of Convention, 1 D. 203. 
 
 15. Witnesses, 4 D. 320, 329, 387; 9 S. & R. 147. 
 
 III. In criminal cases. 
 
 1. Of professional thieves, 6 Wr. 89. 
 
AEREST— ASSAULT AND BATTERY. 71 
 
 ARREST— continued. 
 
 2. By private person, 11 S. 352, 353. 
 
 3. When legal, 4 Y. 206; 3 B. 38; 6 B. 316; 3 S. & R. 
 
 418. 
 
 4. After an escape, 9 S. 320. 
 
 5. When illegal, 8 B. 38. 
 
 6. By officer, on mere suspicion, 17 S. 30. 
 
 7. Duty of burgess as to, 11 H. 391. 
 IV. Of judgment in civil cases. 
 
 1. Motion for, when to be made, 2 D. 229; 1 B. 393; 6 
 
 B. 307. 
 
 2. When sustained, 1 D. 370; 2 D. 228, 251; 2 Y. 1; 4 
 
 Y. 375, 377; 1 B. 219, 575; 2 B. 287; 6 B. 601; 10 
 S. 367. 
 
 3. When refused, 1 D. 68; 4 Y. 375; 6 B. 307; 1 S. & 
 
 R. 19. 
 
 4. Decree on, 2 Wh. 138. 
 
 5. Writ of error on, 2 S. & R. 392. 
 Extent of injury in, 8 W. 25 ; 20 S. 68. 
 
 ARSON. 
 
 1. What constitutes, 5 W. & S. 385. 
 
 2. Indictment for, 5 Wh. 426. 
 
 "ARTIFICIAL ROADS." 
 
 In charter of passenger raih-oad company defined, 2 S. 506. 
 
 ARTICLES OF PEACE. 
 
 Effect of on decree of condemnation, 2 D. 40. 
 
 "AS INTEREST SHALL APPEAR." 
 Effect of in policy of insurance, 3 D. 510. 
 
 " AS THE CASE MAY BE." 
 
 In Act of 1874 relative to timber lands, 4 H. 254. 
 
 ASSAULT. 
 
 1. What constitutes, 3 Y. 438. 
 
 2. Who are principals in, 6 S. 365. 
 
 3. Indictment for, 5 S. & R. 463. 
 
 ASSAULT AND BATTERY. 
 
 1. What constitutes an, 1 D. 114 ; 1 S. & R. 347 ; 5 Barr 
 83. 
 
72 ASSAULT AND BATTERY— ASSESSORS. 
 
 ASSAULT AND BATTERY— continued. 
 
 2. Accessaries to, 6 S. 365. 
 
 3. With intent to commit felony, 11 S. & R. 111. 
 
 4. Conspiracy to commit, 5 C. 296. 
 
 5. Indictment for, 6 S. & R. 224. 
 
 6. Conviction for under charge of riotous assault and 
 
 BATTERY, 5 Barr 83. 
 
 7. Punishment of, 6 S. & R. 463; 6 S. & R. 224. 
 
 8. Civil action for. 
 
 Replication in. 
 
 De injuria sua, 8 Barr 454. 
 Evidence in. 
 
 For plaintiff, 6 S. & R. 399 ; 3 R. 172 ; 3 Wh. 272 ; 
 11 H. 424. 
 
 For defendant, 3 Wh. 274 ; 11 H. 424. 
 
 ASSESSMENT OF TAXES. 
 
 1. Effect of, 3 Y. 470 ; 5 H. 331. 
 
 2. Under law relative to municipal lien, 10 Wr. 358, 365. 
 
 3. When proof of ownership of property, 16 S. & R. 286. 
 
 4. Under election law, 10 S. 54. 
 
 5. Appeal from, 1 H. 72 ; 8 H. 366 ; 12 H. 229 ; 2 C. 426; 
 
 6 C. 227 ; 1 Wr. 371 ; 8 Wr. 118 ; 6 S. 315 ; 20 S. 221. 
 
 6. Remedy for improper or illegal, 6 S. 315 ; 20 S. 221. 
 
 7. Decree on appeal, 6 C. 227. 
 
 8. On unseated lands. See Unseated Lands. 
 
 ASSESSORS. 
 
 1. Appointment of, 6 Wh. 476. 
 
 2. Affidavit of, 10 S. & R. 249. 
 
 3. Power and authority of. 
 
 As to valuation of property, 3 Y. 415, 470. , 
 
 As to ground-rent, 7 Barr 147. 
 
 Before taking official oath, 10 S. & R. 249. 
 
 4. Duties of. 
 
 As to assessments, 5 H. 331. 
 
 As furnishing tax-payers with rate per cent., 5 H. 331. 
 
 Effect of omission by, 5 H. 331. 
 
 5. Return of. 
 
 When evidence, 10 S. & R. 275. 
 
 6. Vacancy in office of, 6 W. & S. 209. 
 
 7. Appeal from decision of, 1 H. 72; 8 H. 366; 12 H. 229; 
 
 2 C. 426; 6 C. 227; 1 Wr. 371; 8 Wr. 113; 6 S. 315; 
 20 S. 221. 
 
ASSESSMENT BOOK— ASSIGNEE. 73 
 
 ASSESSMENT BOOK. 
 When evidence, 10 Barr 296. 
 
 ASSETS FOR PAYMENT OF DEBTS. 
 
 1. What are, 1 D. 482; 4 D. 119; 1 Y. 189, 238, 380, 429; 
 
 4 Y. 479; 1 S. & R. 453; 9 S. & R. 264; 12 S. & R.12; 
 1 R. 162; 3 Wh. 400; 8 W. & S. 244. 
 
 2. What are not, 2 R. 222 ; 4 W. 160 ; 5 Wr. 45. 
 
 3. Recovery op, 2 R. 102. 
 
 4. Averment op in declaration, 13 S. & R. 441. 
 
 5. Admission op, by executors and administrators, 8 S. 
 
 &R. 17; 10 S. & R. 846. 
 
 6. Implied in verdict against executors Aisfo adminis- 
 
 trators, 16 S. & R. 38. 
 
 7. Plea op no assets, issue raised by, 17 S. 34. 
 
 ASSIGNS. 
 
 Covenant implied by use of, in contract, 1 D. 440; 5 Barr 
 421. 
 
 ASSIGNATS. 
 
 Tender of payment in, 4 D. 326. 
 
 ASSIGNEE. 
 
 1. Rights op, generally, 4 D. 438 ; 3 Y. 531 ; 2 H. 336 ; 
 
 8 Wr. 356; 3 Gr. 281; 7 S. 486; 13 S. 222. 
 
 2. Duties of, generally, 5 W. & S. 370 ; 7 S. 482. 
 
 3. Liability of, generally, 1 D. 23; 8 W. & S. 318; 6 H. 
 
 394; 10 Wr. 262; 13 S. 222, 223. 
 
 4. Of bankrupt. See Bankruptcy. 
 
 5. Of assignee, 5 W. & S. 9; 4 H. 365; 18 S. 322. 
 
 6. Of bill single. 
 
 Equity of maker against assignee, 1 Wr. 150. 
 Warranty by, 14 Wr. 441. 
 
 7. Of bond. 
 
 Rights of, 1 D. 23, 27, 139, 449; 2 D. 190; 4 D. 47, 
 370; 2 Y. 23, 522, 541; 3 Y. 16, 327, 351; 4 Y 
 371; 2B. 154; 2 S. & R. 200; 9 S. & R. 193; 16 
 S. & R. 18; 17 S. & R. 290; 1 P. & W. 257; 2 P 
 & W. 245; 3 P. & W. 191; 3 Wh. 275; 9 W. & S, 
 93; 4 H. 365; 1 C. 449; 12 C. 108; 13 S. 322. 
 
 Duties of, 2 D. 49, 50 ; 4 D. 370; 4 S. & R. 167, 175 
 
 1 P. & W. 252 262. 
 
 Liability of, 1 D. 23, 27," 449; 2 JD. 190; 4 D. 47, 300 
 
 2 Y. 465, 522, 541, 543; 3 Y. 16, 327; 4 Y. 371 
 
74 ASSIGNEE. 
 
 ASSIGEEE— continued. 
 
 2 B. 154 ; 5 B. 232; 2 S. & R. 200; 4 S. & R. 175, 
 184; 9 S. & R. 137, 193; 14 S. & R. 127, 306; 16 
 S. & R. 18; 17 S. & R. 290; 1 R. 227; 1 P. & W. 
 257 ; 2 P. & W. 245 ; 3 P. & W. 191 ; 8 W. 311 ; 
 8 Wh. 275 ; 5 Wh. 37 ; 3 Barr 136 ; 9 Barr 399 ; 10 
 Barr 428 ; 10 H. 302 ; 9 C. 307 ; 10 Wr. 262 ; 13 
 S. 322. 
 
 8. Of over due specialty, 13 S. 322. 
 
 9. Of due bill. 
 
 Liability of, 5 0. 475. 
 
 10. Of banking institutions. 
 
 Payment to, in paper of, 6 H. 395. 
 
 Duty of as to illegal dividends, 12 Wr. 18. 
 
 11. Of insolvent corporation, 10 S. & R. 125, 131, 132 ; 8 
 
 Wr. 92. 
 
 12. Of draft. 
 
 Evidence in action v. drawer, 8 Wr. 357. 
 
 13. Of improvement right. 
 
 Rights of, 1 Y. 500, 520 ; 8 Y. 269, 580 ; 4 Y. 800 ; 2 S. 
 
 & R. 407 ; 5 S. & R. 181 ; 5 W. & S. 284. 
 Duties of, 3 Y. 269. 
 
 14. Of insurance policy. 
 
 Action by, 7 C. 438 ; 8 Wr. 269. 
 
 Rights of, 10 S. & R. 412 ; 7 C. 438 ; 6 Wr. 41 ; 8 Wr. 
 269. 
 
 15. Of ground-rent, 4 Y. 886 ; 2 Barr 228 ; 10 Barr 282, 
 
 284; 2 H. 519 ; 8 Wr. 404 ; 11 Wr. 214 ; 14 S. 95. 
 
 16. Of judgment. 
 
 Rights of, 1 W. & S. 155, 420; 10 H. 300, 427; 1 C. 80. 
 Duties of, 1 H. 622 ; 1 C. 80; 2 C. 43. 
 Liability of, 8 W. 39, 443 ; 10 H. 800. 
 
 17. Of land warrant. 
 
 Rights of, 2 Y. 122; 2 B. 55, 468 ; 3 Barr 898. 
 Duties of, 8 Y. 208 ; 4 B. 140. 
 Liability of, 4 B. 140. 
 
 18. Of lease. 
 
 Rights of, 2 P. & W. 28 ; 9 W. 193 ; 6 H. 60 ; 6 C. 205 ; 
 
 11 C. 369 ; 20 S. 64. 
 Liability of, 2 P. & W. 23 ; 3 W. & S. 531 ; 6 H. 60 ; 11 
 
 H. 18; 6 C. 205; 11 C. 369. 
 
 19. Of legacy. 
 
 Rights of, 2 D. 49; 3 Y. 9 ; 7 W. 79 ; 13 S. 284. 
 Liability of, 7 W. 79. 
 
ASSIGNEE. 75 
 
 ASSIGNEE — oontinued. 
 
 20. Of mortgage. 
 
 Rights of, 1 W. & S. 544 ; 7 W. & S. 298 ; 8 W. & S. 
 
 311 ; 9 Barr 400, 498; 7 C. 142 ; 1 Gr. 401 ; 3 Gr. 
 
 281. 
 Duty of, 9 Barr 400. 
 Liability of, 9 Barr 399 ; 10 Barr 428 ; 4 H. 365 ; 1 Gr. 
 
 401 ; 18 S. 212. 
 
 21. Of mortgage bond. 
 
 Rights of, 17 S. & R. 400 ; 1 P. & ^V. 280 ; 1 Barr 
 278 ; 2 Barr 43 ; 3 Barr 364 ; 5 Barr 420 ; 1 J. 290 ; 
 10 H. 43 ; 7 Wr. 520. 
 
 Duty of, 9 Barr 400. 
 
 Liability of, 7 W. 517 ; 9 Barr 399 ; 13 Wr. 282. 
 
 22. Of patent right. 
 
 Rights of, 5 S. & R. 427 ; 4 W. 311. See Patent for 
 Valuable Invention. 
 
 23. Of partner. 
 
 Power of, 1 H. 67. 
 
 24. Of promissory note. 
 
 Rights of, 1 D. 441 ; 9 W. 102 ; 8 H. 190 ; 10 H. 185 ; 4 
 
 Wr. 190. 
 Liability of, 9 W. 102, 179 ; 10 Barr 428 ; 10 H. 185. 
 
 25. Of reversion. 
 
 Covenant by, 3 S. & R. 500. 
 
 26. Of stock. 
 
 Rights of, 1 Wh. 460; 6 Barr 421. 
 » Duties of, 3 Gr. 297. 
 
 Liability of, 1 B. 70; 6 Barr 421 ; 5 C. 146 ; 10 0. 289 ; 
 4 S. 227 ; 13 S. 317. 
 
 27. Of insolvent debtor. 
 
 Selection of, 4 D. 87 ; 1 H. 22. 
 
 Assent of, when presumed, 9 S. & R. 244. 
 
 Bond of, 1 P. & W. 262, 437; 1 W. 258 ; 2 W. 218. 
 
 Power and authority of, 6 B. 189 ; 4 S. & R. 549; 5 S. 
 & R. 397; 9 S. & R. 455; 10 S. & R. 436; 11 S. & 
 R. 78 ; 3 R. 199 ; 2 W. 84, 219, 220 ; 4 W. 255 ; 5 
 W. 77, 383; 6 W. 93; 2 Wh. 239, 240; 7 Barr 500; 
 9 Barr 355 ; 5 H. 383 ; 8 H. 385, 391 ; 11 C. 308. 
 
 Rights of, 3 R. 199; 1 P. & W. 262, 873 ; 5 W. 77, 382 ; 
 2 Wh. 245; 7 W. & S. 168; 7 Barr 600; 9 Barr 
 355; 1 H. 22; 5 H. 383. 
 
 Duty of, 2 W. 219; 7 Barr 500. 
 
 As to distribution of assets, 7 S. & R. 510 ; 9 S. & R. 
 
76 ASSIGNEE, 
 
 ASSIGNEE — continued. 
 
 123; 10 S. & R. 439; 14 S. & R. 35; 7 W. 84; 
 10 H. 16. 
 Liability of, 2 D. 43; 6 B. 391; 4 S. & R. 17, 226; 2 
 
 W. 246 ; 1 H. 234. 
 Presumption in favor of, 1 H. 26. 
 Sale by. 
 
 Effect of on liens, 1 H. 22. 
 Validity of deed of, 3 H. 385. 
 Resignation of, 6 W. 93. 
 
 28. For the benefit of creditors. 
 
 Substitution of, 1 W. & S. 329 ; 10 Wr. 415. 
 
 Renunciation by, 4 Barr 274. 
 
 Bond of, 10 H. 500. 
 
 Liability of surety on, 4 Wr. 146; 12 Wr. 337, 342. 
 
 Is not a" creditor, 2 P. & W. 346 ; 3 P. & W. 381 ; 3 Wh. 
 
 485, 492; 4 Wh. 500; 7 W. & S. 373; 8 C. 121. 
 Is not a purchaser for value, 4 R. 36 ; 3 Wh. 485 ; 4 
 
 Wh. 507; 7 W. & S. 373; 9 Barr 60; 8 C. 121; 8 
 
 S. 68 ; 15 S. 135. 
 Does not merely represent creditors, 12 S. & R. 448 ; 3 
 
 Wh. 485, 492 ; 3 W. & S. 255 ; 7 W. & S. 373 ; 2 C. 
 
 108; 1 S. 211; 15 S. 135. 
 Stands in place of assignor, 2 B. 372 ; 2 P. & W. 346; 2 
 
 W. 261 ; 3 Wh. 485 ; 4 Wh. 500 ; 3- W. & S. 283, 
 
 284 ; 5 W. & S. 145 ; 7 W. & S. 373; 4 Barr 430 ; 
 
 5 Barr 377; 2 Gr. 216; 1 S. 211 ; 8 S. 68. 
 Is a trustee for creditors and assignors, 2 P. & W. 346 ; 
 
 4 Wh. 500; 6 Wh. 485, 492; 5 W. & S. 145; 7 
 
 W. & S. 153, 373 ; 2 Barr 372 ; 5 Barr 133 ; 2 J. 
 
 326; 1 H. 245: 2 C. 69, 110, 463; 3 C. 66 ; 8 C. 
 
 128; 1 S. 204. 
 Lien of judgment against assignor not preserved without 
 
 revival, 1 S. 204. 
 Power and authority of. 
 
 To sue, 8 S. & R. 124 ; 17 S. & R. 251. 
 
 To have suit marked to his use, 11 S. & R. 78. 
 
 To convey by attorney, 10 Barr 285. 
 
 To employ and dismiss agents, 6 W. & S. 300. 
 
 To use property of assignee for benefit of trust fund, 12 
 
 S. 232. 
 To plead Statute of Limitations, 12 H. 482. 
 To convey title of assignor, 9 W. 305 ; 2 J. 323 ; 9 Wr. 
 
 121. 
 To sell personal property, 7 W. 84. 
 To employ counsel, 2 C. 403. 
 
ASSIGNEE. 77 
 
 ASSIGNEE— cow^mweti 
 
 To appeal from award or decree, 2 C. 403; 8 C. 121. 
 
 To assent to account stated, 1 H. 310. 
 
 To pay rent due by assignor and avoid distress, 5 Wh. 
 
 267. 
 Rights of. 
 
 Under invalid assignment, 3 Wh. 347. 
 
 To psotection under recording acts, 2 B. 40 ; 3 Wh. 
 
 492;4 Wh. 600; 7 W. & S. 373. 
 To leave property temporarily with assignor, 2 W. & S. 
 
 253 ; 5 W. & S. 307 ; 6 W. & S. 327 ; 4 Barr 274 ; 
 
 1 H. 580. 
 Presumption in favor of execution of trust, 1 R. 163. 
 As against claim of assignee under insolvent law, 7 Barr 
 
 500. 
 As against prior liens, 8 S. 68. 
 
 To subrogation on over payment, 3 C. 43; 5 Wr. 45. 
 To allowance for advances, 7 W. & S. 27 ; 10 S. 423. 
 To exemption for losses, 6 W. & S. 300. 
 To interest of assignor in partnership property, 8 W. & 
 
 5. 63. 
 
 To compensation, 4 Wh. 104 ; 2 W. & S. 557 ; 7 W. & S. 
 
 27 ; 2 Barr 304; 5 Barr 413, 417 ; 7 Barr 338. 
 To purchase real estate of assignor at sheriif 's sale, 6 W. 
 
 6. S. 18; 9 S. 190. 
 
 To purchase real estate sold under lien of assignor, 1 S. 
 
 200. 
 To protection for payment made under decree of court, 7 
 
 Barr 500. 
 To notice as terre tenant of assignor, 6 Wr. 389. 
 To testify, 5 Wr. 45. 
 Duty of. 
 
 As to investment of fund, 12 H. 487; 2 C. 463; 18 S. 
 
 454. 
 As to purchase of property to prevent loss, 9 S. 190. 
 As to use of trust funds, 10 S. 429. 
 Liability of. 
 
 To give bond, 10 H. 300. 
 
 On an informal bond, 8 W. 223. 
 
 To give additional security, 9 Barr 366. 
 
 For co-assignee, 10 Barr 149. 
 
 For judgment against assignor, 1 S. 204. 
 
 To suit or action, 4 D. 224 ; 14 S. & R. 226 ; 4 W. 410; 
 
 9 W. 305; 10 W. 60; 1 Wh. 408; 4 Wr. 269. 
 To file account, 10 H. 500; 6 Wr. 225. 
 For proceeds of sales, 5 Wh. 530, 540; 5 Barr 377; 7 
 
 Barr 333. 
 
78 ASSIGNEE— ASSIGNOR. 
 
 ASSIG'NEE— continued. 
 
 For negligence or misconduct, 2 W. & S. 557; 7 W. & 
 
 S. 27 ; 5 Barr 413 ; 3 Wr. 160. 
 For improper payment, 7 W. 480. 
 To attaching creditors, 4 W. & S. 407 ; 5 W. & S. 100; 
 
 1 C. 362; 10 C. 152. 
 On simple contracts made by assignor, 3 Wh. 485. ' 
 On promise to pay execution creditor, 4 W. .410. 
 On unrecorded mortgage of assignor, 8 C. 121. 
 To mortgagee after scire facias 7 Barr 333. 
 To preferred creditors, 6 W. & S. 223 ; 4 Wr. 269. 
 To taxation on bills receivable, 6 C. 533. 
 For interest, 18 S. 454. 
 For money invested, 19 S. 265. 
 
 ASSIGNED ESTATES. 
 
 Lien of tax on, 3 Wr. 103. 
 
 ASSIGNOR. 
 
 Rights and obligations of, generally. 
 
 1. Of bond. 
 
 Competency of as a witness, 2 B. 154 ; 2 Barr 425. 
 Implied contract of, 3 Y. 531; 1 W. & S. 153 ; 8 W. & 
 
 S. 361 ; 10 H. 185 ; 14 Wr. 450 ; 7 S. 482. 
 Right to discontinue suit on, 1 D. 139. 
 Liability of, 1 D. 449 ; 2 Y. 464; 14 S. & R. 137: 7 H. 
 
 130. 
 
 2. To, OR FOR, THE BENEFIT OF CREDITORS. 
 
 Competency as witness, 3 B. 306. 
 
 Retention of assigned property by, 2 W. & S. 253 ; 5 W. 
 
 & S. 367; 6 W. &S. 323; 19 S. 71. 
 Implied reservation in favor of, 4 S. 465. 
 Power of to invalidate assignment, 15 S. 264. 
 Effect of reservation in favor of, 3 P. & W. 91 ; 7 W. 
 
 434 ; 7 W. & S. 219 ; 9 Wr. 449 ; 19 S. 71. 
 
 3. Of INTEREST IN FUND. 
 
 Admissions and declarations of, 9 S. 444. 
 
 4. Of JUDGMENT. 
 
 Rights of, 1 C. 80. 
 Duty of, 1 C. 80. 
 Liability of, 1 C. 80. 
 
 5. Of MORTGAGE. 
 
 Competency of as witness, 7 Wr. 520. 
 
 6. Of PROMISSORY NOTE. 
 
 Rights of, 2 D. 144; 1 Y. 94; 12 S. & R. 43; 1 H. 444; 
 
ASSIGNOK— ASSIGNMENT. 79 
 
 ASSIG'N OR— continued. 
 
 3 II. 270; 10 H. 26; 4 C. 233; 1 Wr. 494; 17 
 
 S. 59. 
 Liability of, 10 H. 186. 
 Presumption in favor of, 5 H. 447 ; 4 C. 233. 
 
 ASSIGNMENT. 
 
 I. What papers constitute an, 4 W. & S. 388 ; 7 W. & S. 
 335 ; 7 Barr 449 ; 7 H. 59 ; 2 C. 92 ; 4 Wr. 209 ; 6 Wr. 
 235. 
 
 1. What mat be assigned, 4 Wr. 270. 
 
 2. Validity of foreign, 8 Gr. 134. 
 
 3. Assent when presumed, 9 S. & R. 244. 
 
 4. When an appropriation of fund, 4 D. 47, 279 ; 3 B. 
 
 338, 394, 400 ; 12 S. & R. 291 ; 1 P. & W. 117 ; 2 P. 
 & W. 181 ; 8 W. 69 ; 6 Wh. 280 ; 5 W. & S. 100 ; 6 
 W. & S. 301 ; 5 Barr 39 ; 2 J. 164 ; 1 H. 306 ; 1 C. 
 862 ; 10 C. 152, 299 ; 8 Wr. 43 ; 10 Wr. 410, 416 ; 
 15 S. 430; 19 S. 409. 
 
 5. Proof of, 8 W. 39. 
 
 6. Consideration when to be shown, 8 Wr. 256. 
 
 7. Effect of general terms in, 6 H. 249 ; 7 S. 482. 
 
 8. Covenants implied in, 1 D. 449 ; 2 P. & W. 361 ; 1 
 
 W. & S. 152 ; 4 Barr 119, 248 ; 7 H. 130 ; 7 S. 482. 
 
 9. When void, 4 D. 89 ; 3 Y. 310 ; 6 B. 338 ; 12 S. & R. 
 
 198, 201 ; 17 S. & R. 251 ; 1 R. 163 ; 5 R. 221 ; 2 
 P. & W. 92 ; 3 P. & W. 83, 91 ; 10 W. 237 ; 2 Wh. 
 239 ; 5 W. & S. 223 ; 6 W. & S. 800, 542 ; 4 Barr 
 448 ; 7 Barr 500 ; 2 J. 339 ; 1 H. 182 ; 5 C. 407 ; 2 
 Wr. 281, 382, 446; 3 Wr. 499; 4 Wr. 262, 269; 5 
 Wr. 284 ; 6 Wr. 441 ; 8 Wr. 92 ; 10 Wr. 237, 415 ; 
 14 Wr. 64, 75 ; 9 S. 444. 
 
 10. Who may avoid, 9 Barr 355 ; 2 J. 323, 339 ; 5 H. 379 ; 
 
 8 Wr. 92. 
 
 11. Waiver of right to avoid, 1 R. 163 ; 2 J. 323. 
 
 12. Trust created by, 4 W. & S. 351 ; 1 J. 387. 
 
 13. Notice of, 1 H. 622; 10 H. 300; 5 C. 401; 2 Wr. 
 
 16; 12 Wr. 70. 
 
 14. When surety entitled to, 1 W. & S. 165. 
 
 II. Of bond. 
 
 1. Under Statute of Will. III. c. 14, 4 Y. 283. 
 
80 ASSIGNMENT. 
 
 ASSIGNMENT— cow/mweA , 
 
 2. Secured by mortgage, 9 S. & R. 304 ; 17 S. & R. 400; 
 9 Barr 34, 275 ; 1 H. 416 ; 10 C. 155. 
 
 III. Of certificate of deposits, 6 W. & S. 227. 
 
 IV. Of debt. 
 
 1. Carries securities with it, 9 S. & R. 304 ; 17 S. & 
 
 R. 400, 402 ; 2 P. & W. 361 ; 4 Barr 119, 248 ; 9 
 Barr 34, 275; 1 H. 416; 18 S. 320. 
 
 2. On condition to refund, 6 H. 316. 
 
 3. Revocation of, 9 S. 444. 
 
 V. Of dower, 10 S. & R. 326. 
 
 VI. Of claim for damages, 1 B. 395 ; 3 W. 343 ; 1 W. & 
 S. 346 ; 6 H. 249 ; 10 C. 299 ; 12 Wr. 161. 
 
 VII. Of collateral security. See Collateral Security. 
 
 VIII. Of contract for purchase of land, 3 H. 319. • 
 
 IX. Op ground-rent, 4 Y. 386 ; 2 Barr 228 ; 10 Barr 284; 
 8 Wr. 404 ; 11 Wr. 214 ; 14 S. 95. 
 
 X. Of heirs' interest in ancestor's estate, 2 H. 323 ; 13 
 
 S. 443. 
 
 XI. Op insured property, 5 H. 430 ; 2 Wr. 396 ; 4 Wr. 
 289, 311. 
 
 XII. Of judgment, 14 S. & R. 290; 1 W. & S. 420 ; 4 Barr 
 418 ; 1 H. 622 ; 10 H 300, 427; 1 C. 80 ; 2 Wr. 16 ; 8 
 Wr. 256 ; 11 Wr. 214 ; 12 Wr. 70 ; 2 S. 310. 
 
 XIII. Of lease, 2 p. & W. 23 ; 3 W. & S. 531; 9 W. & S. 
 193; 6 H. 60; 1 C. 369; 6 C. 205. 
 
 XIV. Of legacy, 2 D. 49 ; 3 Y. 9 ; 7 W. 79 ; 11 S. 46 ; 13 
 S. 484. 
 
 XV. Of license, 5 S. 164 ; 19 S. 456. 
 
 XVI. Of mortgage, 1 P. & W. 280; 7 W. & S. 298; 6 H. 
 394; 12 H. 47; 1 C. 142; 18 S. 320. 
 
 XVII. Of personal property. 
 
 Possession under, ID 157 ; 3 R 513 ; 10 H. 168. See 
 also Contract for sale op Personal Property. 
 
 XVIII. Of bill or note, 6 S. & R. 537 ; 14 S. & R. 203 ; 2 
 W. 134 ; 3 H. 270 ; 10 H. 185 ; 4 Wr. 190 ; 14 Wr. 
 441. 
 
 XIX. Of wife's property for debt of husband. See 
 Married Women. 
 
 XX. Of Stock. See Stock. 
 
 XXI. For indemnity, 3 H. 79 ; 4 S. 154. See^ also Col- 
 lateral Security. 
 
ASSIGNMENT. 81 
 
 ASSIG'NMENT— continued. 
 
 XXII. Under the bankrupt law. See Bankrupt. 
 
 XXIII. Under the insolvent law, 1 Y. 28, 183, 257 ; 2 
 Y. 502 ; 3 Y. 521 ; 6 B. 189, 256, 891 ; 4 S. & R. 116, 
 549 ; 5 S. & R. 394, 401 ; 10 S. & R. 436 ; 18 S. & R. 
 54 ; 14 S. & R. 118 ; 3 R. 199 ; 9 Barr 355 ; 7 W. & S. 
 168 ; 1 H. 526, 561. 
 
 XXIV. For the benefit of creditors. 
 
 1. As TO FORM OF DEED GENERALLY, 4 D. 280 ; 1 B. 502 ; 
 
 3 B. 400; 10 W. 309; 5 W. & S. 36, 223; 6 W. & 
 S. 800 ; 8 W. & S. 304 ; 2 J. 164, 167 ; 7 C. 502 ; 8 
 C. 458; 10 C. 152; 7 S. 221; 11 S. 64. 
 
 2. As TO SCHEDULE OF DEBTS, 5 S. & R. 401 ; 5 W. & S. 
 
 223 ; 7 S. 221 ; 11 S. 64. 
 
 3. As TO CONDITIONS IN, 4 D. 81, 94 ; 1 B. 502 ; 2 B. 174 ; 
 
 6 B. 388 ; 7 S. & R. 467 ; 1 R. 258 ; 4 R. 313 ; 5 R. 
 221 ; 3 W. 199 ; 10 W. 309. 
 
 4. As TO CONSIDERATION, 1 B. 502. 
 
 5. 'As TO NAMING OF ASSIGNEE, 5 W. 344 ; 9 S. 462. 
 
 6. As TO RESERVATION IN. 
 
 Implied, 14 S. & R. 369 ; 4 S. 465. 
 
 Express. 4 D. 26, 89 ; 2 B. 174; 6 B. 338 ; 12 S. & R. 
 
 198 ; 14 S. & R. 369 ; 5 R. 221 ; 3 P. & W. 83 ; 5 
 
 W. & S. 223 ; 7 W. & S. 219 ; 8 W. & S. 304 ; 1 H. 
 
 589 ; 9 H. 29 ; 2 0. 478 ; 12 C. 258 ; 13 Wr. 465 ; 
 
 4 S. 465. 
 
 7. As TO RECITALS IN. See Recitals. 
 
 8. As TO PREFERENCE AMONG CREDITORS, 1 B. 502 ; 2 B. 
 
 174 ; 6 B. 388 ; 6 S. & R. 401 ; 10 S. & R. 439 ; 4 R. 
 313; 6 W. 543; 8 W. 531; 5 Wh. 95;6 W. & S. 300; 
 
 7 Barr 449 ; 1 H. 584; 3 H. 310; 6 H. 185, 331 ; 11 
 H. 481 ; 2 Wr. 446 ; 4 Wr. 269 ; 6 Wr. 529 ; 1 Gr. 
 212; 7 S. 193. 
 
 9. Transfer of property must follow, 2 W. & S. 258 ; 
 
 5 W. & S. 307 ; 6 W. & S. 327 ; 4 Barr 274 ; 1 H. 
 580. 
 
 10. Enactments regulating, not part of the insolvent 
 
 law, 15 S. 264. 
 
 11. Validity of foreign, 5 H. 91 ; 6 H. 185 ; 3 Gr. 134. 
 
 12. As TO parties. 
 
 Partners, 2 S. & R. 178 ; 5 R. 221 ; 1 P. & W. 188; 2 
 P. & W. 177; 4 Wh. 398; 6 W. & S. 300; 8W. & 
 S. 63 ; 4 Barr 448 ; 3 H. 310 ; 4 H. 399 ; 7 H. 
 
 & 
 
82 ASSIGNMENT. 
 
 ASSIG^MEI^T— continued. 
 
 414 ; 9 H. 77 ; 9 C. 414 ; 3 Wr. 269 ; 13 Wr. 465; 
 2 Gr. 31. 
 Husband and wife, 7 W. & S. 168 ; 1 H. 561 ; 3 H. 113. 
 
 13. As TO DELIVERY AND ACCEPTANCE OP, 1 B. 302 ; 14 S. 
 
 & R. 296 ; 5 W. 343 ; 6 W. & S. 300, 329 ; 4 Barr 
 274 ; 9 H. 29 ; 4 Wr. 2o9. 
 
 14. As TO RECORDING OF, 2 B. 40 ; 2 Wh. 239, 240 ; 5 Wh. 
 
 280 ; 5 W. & S. 100 ; 4 Barr 274, 277, 279 ; 7 Barr 
 499 ; 2 H. 438 ; 3 H. 399 ; 7 C. 502; 8 C. 458 ; 2 Wr. 
 231, 382; 6 Wr. 441; 8 Wr. 92; 10 Wr. 415; 1 S. 
 432 ; 15 S. 492. 
 
 15. Parol, explanation of, 3 R. 335. 
 
 16. Substitution of trustees in, 6 W. & S. 329 ; 4 Wr. 
 
 269; 10 Wr. 415. 
 
 17. Effect of. 
 
 On rights of creditors, 12 H. 432; 9 C. 39; 2 Gr. 216; 
 15 S. 264. 
 
 On interest of assignor, 3 Y. 485 ; 1 B. 502 ; 2 W. 61 ; 2 
 Barr 372; 1 H. 589. 
 
 On existing equities, 2 Barr 372 ; 5 Barr 132. 
 
 On unrecorded mortgage, 8 C. 121. 
 
 On existing liens, 7 Barr 451 ; 4 H. 169 ; 7 H. 59. 
 
 On lien entered same day, 1 S. 432. 
 
 On subsequent liens, 8 C. 121. 
 
 On bankrupt law, 7 W. & S. 305. 
 
 On wife's estate, 7 W. & S. 168 ; 1 H. 561 ; 3 H. 118. 
 
 On rights of attaching creditors, 4 D. 47, 279 ; 3 B. 338, 
 394, 400; 12 S. & R. 291 ; 1 P. & W. 117 ; 2 P. & 
 W. 131 ; 8 W. 59 ; 5 Wh. 280 : 5 W. & S. 100 ; 6 
 W. & S. 301 ; 5 Barr 39 ; 2 J. 164 ; 1 C. 362 ; 10 
 C. 162, 299 ; 8 Wr. 43 ; 10 Wr. 415 ; 14 Wr. 230 ; 
 15 S. 430 ; 19 S. 409. 
 
 18. Jurisdiction of Common Pleas over, 12 H. 482. 
 
 19. Jurisdiction of Court of Equity over, 12 H. 482. 
 
 20. Presumption as to execution of trust, 1 R. 163.~ 
 
 21. Distribution of assets under, 7 S. & R. 462, 510 ; 1 
 
 R. 258 ; 5 R. 166 ; 10 W. 309 ; 1 Wh. 531 ; 5 Wh. 95, 
 267 : 2 W. & S. 557 ; 7 W. & S. 375 ; 2 Barr 304 ; 3 
 C. 43 ; 9 C. 39 ; 11 C. 481 ; 3 Gr. 68. 
 
 22. Release by creditors, 1 S. & R. 398 ; 9 S. & R. 123; 
 
 14 S. & R. 35 ; 5 Wh. 131 ; 6 Wh. 256 ; 10 AY. 309; 
 6 W. & S. 300 ; 9 Barr 504. 
 Bv bank. See Banking Companies. 
 
ASSIGNMENT— ASSOCIATIONS. 83 
 
 ASSIGNMENT— confrnweiZ. 
 
 By corporation, 8 Wr. 92 ; 10 S. 125, 131, 132. 
 
 Of error. See Error. 
 
 Of breaches. See Declaration. 
 
 ASSISTANCE. 
 
 Writ of, when awarded, 8 Gr. 368, 393. 
 
 ASSISTANT LAW JUDGE. 
 
 Authority of, 4 D. 244 ; 5 W. 141; 5 Wr. 335. 
 Term of,' 9 W. 200. 
 Liability of, 9 W. 200. , 
 
 ASSIZE OF NUISANCE. 
 
 1. Proceedings in, 1 B. 251 ; 2 B. 192; 17 S. & R. 174. 
 
 2. Recognitors on, 3 R. 413, 419. 
 
 3. Pleas in, 3 R. 211. 
 
 4. Costs in, 1 R. 44. 
 
 5. Execution in, 1 R. 44. 
 
 6. Removal of to Supreme Court, 1 B. 251 ; 2 B. 192. 
 
 ASSOCIATE JUDGE. 
 
 Powers of, 4 W. 154; 5 Wr. 335. 
 
 ASSOCIATE REFORMED CHURCH. 
 
 Conveyance to, construed, 3 W. & S. 303. 
 
 ASSOCIATE SECEDER CHURCH. 
 
 Effect of division of, 5 W. 200 ; 5 Wr. 9. 
 
 ASSOCIATIONS. 
 
 1. Proper organization op, 1 Wr. 210. 
 
 2. When a partnership, 13 S. 273. 
 
 3. What members bound by acts of, 8 H. 260; 9 H. 220; 
 
 12 C. 77; 1 Wr. 210; 7 Wr. 37. 
 
 4. Personal liability of members, 4 S. & R. 356; 5 R. 
 
 151; 3 W. &S.118; 8 W. &S.247; 4Barr 519; 3 H. 
 251; 1 Wr. 110; 14 Wr. 479; 13 S.273; 18 S. 429. 
 
 5. Sales of property to by members, discussed, 11 S. 
 
 188, 202; 14 S. 43. 
 
 6. How AFFECTED BY PROCURING CHARTER, 2 R. 359; 10 
 
 Barr 273; 1 Wr. 210; 18 S. 429, 
 
 7. May act as trustee, 13 S. 466; 18 S. 429. 
 
 8. When for charitable use. See Charitable Use. 
 
 9. Devise to, 6 W. & S. 218; 13 S. 429. 
 
84 ASSOCIATIONS— ASSUMPTION. 
 
 ASSOCIATIONS— coTKmwei. 
 
 10. Implied power of managers to contract debts, 16 S. 
 
 474. 
 
 11. Jurisdiction of court over, 8 W. & S. 247; 4 Barr 519; 
 
 3H. 251; 8 H. 425; 4 S. 190. 
 
 12. Action against, 1 Wr. 210. 
 
 ASSUMPTION. 
 
 Of parties' own debt. See also Contracts. 
 
 I. Express, 4 D. 130; 12 S. & R. 177; 13 S. & R. 292; 2 
 
 R. 351; 1 P. & W. 383; 7 W. 100; 1 Barr 334; 4 
 Barr 364; 6 Barr 417; 9 Barr 47, 229; 7 H. 130; 3 S. 
 151; 9 S. 95. 
 
 1. When void. 
 
 For uncertainty, 2 Y. 522; 13 S. & R. 96; 17 S. & R. 
 45; 2 C. 335; 8 C. 506. 
 
 For want of consideration, 13 S. & R. 96 ; 3 P. & W. 413 ; 
 7 W. & S. 317; 1 Barr 445, 450; 10 Barr 38,170; 
 11 H. 76; 2 C. 335; 9 S. 172; 11 S. 52. 
 
 For failure of consideration, 1 Y. 322; 3 Y. '259, 531; 
 5 B. 355 ; 1 S. & R. 438 ; 5 S. & R. 201 ; 9 S. & 
 R. 193; 12 S. & R. 41; 13 S. & R. 96; 14 S. & R. 
 41, 299; 16 S. & R. 292, 327; 2 R. 14; 3 R. 390; 
 3 P. & W. 450; 4 W. 290; 5 W. 151, 325, 516; 9 
 W. 567; 3 Wh. 589; 5 Wb. 40; 3 W. & S. 262, 
 372, 472; 5 W. & S. 51; 7 W. & S. 353; 2 Barr 
 34; 3 Barr 21; 4 Barr 17; 6 Barr 254, 327; 2 
 J. 236; 9H. 237; 1 C. 391; 10 C. 236; 7Wr. 231; 
 7 S. 482; 10 S. 388. 
 
 For illegality, 4 D. 271, 290, 298; 1 Y. 271, 483; 2 Y. 
 109; 4 Y. 34, 284: 1 B. 110; 5 B. 109; 6 B. 321; 
 
 5 S. & R. 139; 11 S. & R. 155, 166; 13 S. & R. 
 29, 96; 3 W. 203; 7 W. 162, 294; 1 W. & S. 179; 
 
 6 Barr 473 ; 10 Barr 38 ; 3 H. 212 ; 9 H. 44 ; 2 C. 
 331; 6 G. 478. 
 
 2. In affirmance of contract made while minor, 10 S. & 
 
 R. 114; 17 S. &R. 265; 6W. 486; 7W. 412; 1 Barr 
 498; 3 Barr 144, 428; 5 Barr 97, 272; 8 C. 509. 
 
 II. Implied, 1 D. 140; 1 S. & R. 176; 12 S. & R. 165; 
 
 4 W. 247; 3 Wh. 75; 5 Wh. 244; 5 W. & S. 357; 9 
 W. & S. 121 ; 5 Barr 81, 82 ; 8 Barr 301 ; 9 Barr 50, 
 309; 2 H. 201; 5 H. 485; 7 H. 130; 11 H. 415; 2 
 Wr. 464; 7 Wr. 107; 8 Wr. 399; 11 Wr. 378, 534; 
 12 Wr. 387; 13 Wr. 126, 163; 14 Wr. 456; 19 S. 
 381; 20 S. 12. 
 
 III. To pay the debt of another, 4 D. 133, 226 ; 1 P. & W. 
 
ASSUMPTION— ASSUMPSIT. 85 
 
 ASSUMPTION— cow<i«Me«?. 
 
 383; 2 W. 104; 4 Wh. 369; 7 W. & S. 30. 429; 1 
 Barr 334; 9 Barr 147, 229, 320. 347; 1 J. 13; 5 
 H. 469; 6 H. 96; 2 C. 150; 5 C. 215, 560; 6 C. 
 215; 8 C. 10, 428; 10 C. 60 ; 2 Wr. 302; 4 Wr. 
 107; 7 Wr. 107; 8 Wr. 107; 9 Wr. 30, 186, 345, 
 464; 12 Wr. 113, 266, 411; 14 Wr. 39, 85: 3 Gr. 
 ■ 113,234; 3 S. 151; 4 S. 118; 9 S. 95; 12 S. 451 ; 
 17 S 380 
 When to be in writing, 7 C. 252, 265; 2 Wr. 302; 4 Wr. 
 107; 8 Wr. 107; 9 Wr. 30, 186, 350, 464; 12 Wr, 
 113, 286, 411 ; 14 Wr. 39, 8r. ; 3 S. 151 ; 4 S. 118. 
 
 ASSUMPSIT. 
 I. Parties to. 
 
 1. Assignee foe creditors, 8 S. & R. 124 ; 17 S. & B. 
 
 231 ; IJ. 163 ; 4 Wr. 269. 
 
 2. Assignee of promissory note, 1 D. 441 ; 2 D. 151, 
 
 250 ; 1 Y. 99 ; 9 W. 102 ; 8 H. 190 ; 10 H. 185 ; 4 
 Wr. 190. 
 
 3. Agents, 1 Y. 148; 5 B. 450 ; 4 W. 422 ; 9 Barr 13. 
 
 4. Attorney at law, 11 Wr. 363. 
 
 5. Apprentice, 1 Wh. 112. 
 
 6. Carriers, 6 W. 47 ; 7 W. & S. 175, 524. 
 
 7. Cestui que trust, 1 D. 72 ; 13 S. & R. 434. 
 
 8. Citizens op other states, 2 D. 419, 444. 
 
 9. Corporations, 3 D. 495, 500; 3 S. & R. 117; 12 H. 
 
 193; 8 Wr. 303,484; 9 S. 209. 
 
 10. Endorsee, 1 D. 192, 193, 441 ; 3 D. 366, 368 ; 4 D. 
 
 47, 370 ; 1 Y. 49 ; 3 S. & R. 165 ; 6 S. & R. 356; 10 
 S. & R. 94 ; 2 W. 222 ; 7 W. 130, 328 ; 9 W. 273; 10 
 W. 130 ; 5 W. & S. 164 ; 12 Wr. 113. 
 
 11. Endorser, 1 D. 193, 147, 441 ; 4 Y. 436 ; 9 S. & R. 
 
 193; 9 W. 96, 130; 1 J. 41 ; 1 H. 273; 12 H. 148 ; 4 
 C. 459 ; 10 C. 54. 
 
 12. Executors and administrators, 2 D. 176 ; 8 S. & R. 
 
 299 ; 10 S. & R. 14, 119 ; 16 S. & R. 370 ; 2 R. 118 ; 
 9 W. 98 ; 7 Barr 492 ; 10 Wr. 78 ; 11 Wr. 378. 
 
 13. Factors, 2 B. 325. 
 
 14. Free negroes, 4 D. 197 ; 1 Y. 121; 3 Y. 250. 
 
 15. Heirs, 1 J. 164; 8 H. 473. 
 
 16. Husband and wipe, 1 B. 575 ; 1 W. 229 ; 6 W. 101 ; 7 
 
 W. 113, 328 ; 8 W. 412 ; 1 Barr 176 ; 5 Barr 103 ; 9 
 H. 349. See also Married Women. 
 
86 ASSUMPSIT. 
 
 ABSUWPSIT— continued. 
 
 17. Partners, 4 D. 197, 437 ; 1 B. 191 ; 7 S. & R. 116 ; 9 
 
 S. & R. 241; 3 P. & W. 295; 2 Wh. 37 ; 2 W. & S. 
 6; 4 W. & S. 14; 5 W. & S. 468; 6 W. & S. 78, 235; 
 
 5 H. 69 ; 6 H. 20 ; 2 C. 384 ; 9 C. 492 ; 5 Wr. Ill ; 
 
 6 S. 183 ; 11 S. 258 ; 13 S. 335; 15 S. 126. 
 
 18. Prothonotary, 11 Wr. 363. 
 
 19. Railroad company, 10 Wr. 223. 
 
 20. Relatives on implied promise, 4 D. 130 ; 3 R. 243, 
 
 249 ; 3 P. & W. 332, 365; 8 W. 366 ; 5 W. & S. 216, 
 357, 513 ; 8 Barr 213 ; 9 Barr 260 ; 2 J. 64. 175; 2 
 H. 201 ; 4 H. 248, 488, 496 ; 7 H. 251, 366 ; 1 C. 
 308 ; 2 C. 372, 383; 5 C. 369, 465; 6 C. 473 ; 2 Wr. 
 464 ; 7 Wr. 107 ; 8 Wr. 303, 399 ; 11 Wr. 534 ; 12 Wr. 
 387; 13 Wr. 126, 163; 14 Wr. 456. See Services. 
 
 21. Servants, 3 Y. 25 ; 3 P. & W. 212; 1 W. & S. 265. 
 
 22. Sheriff, 4 Y. 489. 
 
 23. Shippers, 1 Y. 409 ; 1 J. 315. 
 
 24. Tenants in common, 10 S. &. R. 219; 9 C. 492; 18 S. 
 
 57. 
 
 25. Trustees, 11 S. & R. 250. 
 
 II. Waiver of tort by action of, 9 Barr 475 ; 2 H. 295. 
 III. When it lies. 
 
 1. Generally, 1 D. 223, 229; 2 D. 122 ; 4 D. 147, 229 ; 
 
 lY. 121; 3Y. 67;4 Y. 353. 468; 2B. 4; 5B. 33; 1 
 S. & R. 76; 10 S. & R. 235; 7 W. 100 ; 5 Wh. 398 ; 
 1 W. & S. 301 ; 3 W. & S. 331 ; 5 W. & S. 382 ; 10 
 Barr 232; 3 H. 488; 4 H. 50; 7 C. 79 ; 10 C. 358 ; 
 10 Wr. 78, 286 ; 13 Wr. 322 ; 1 S. 172 ; 4 S. 203; 10 
 S. 214. 
 
 2. On covenant modified by parol, 2 W. 451; 5 Wh. 
 
 85; 2 W. & S. 46, 218; 2 J. 204 ; 10 H. 455; 12 H. 
 283; 3 0. 430, 441 ; 5 C. 82; 10 Wr. 74; 11 Wr. 500. 
 
 3. On promise to third party for plaintiff, 6 W. 182, 
 
 349 ; 3 Barr 330 ; IJ. 17 ; 1 H. 50; 4 H. 18. 
 
 4. On promise to pay debt of another, 4 D. 133, 226 ; 
 
 IP. & W. 383 ; 2 W. 104; 4 Wh. 369; 7 W. & S- 30, 
 429 ; 1 Barr 334; 9 Barr 147, 229, 320, 347 ; IJ. 13; 
 5 H. 469; 6 H. 96; 2 C. 150; 5 C. 215, 560; 8 C. 
 428 ; 10 0. 60. See also Assumption. 
 
 5. For work and labor done, 4 D. 130 ; 1 Y. 209 ; 2 Y. 
 
 22, 251, 444; 3 Y. 250, 257; 2 B. 4, 505; 3 S. & R. 
 329; 10 S. & R. 235 ; 1 W. & S. 301; 2 W. & S. 26, 
 
ASSUMPSIT. 87 
 
 ASSUMPSIT— continued. 
 
 53; 7 W. & S. 313; 10 Barr233; 2 J. 204; 3 H. 93; 
 
 4 H. 43, 196; 12 H. 193; 1 S. 172, 214; 16 S. 263. 
 
 6. Where performance is incomplete, 3 S. & R. 543 ; 
 
 5 S. & R. 19 ; 10 S. & R. 235 ; 5 W. & S. 382; 7 W. 
 
 6 S. 301; 10 Barr 231; 1 H. 242; 2 H. 293; 3 H. 
 93, 488; 4 H. 43; 1 S. 170. 
 
 7. Where performance is defective, 5 Wr. 102; 12 Wr. 
 
 309. 
 Where performance is complete, 2 B. 4 ; 3 S. & R. 211 ; 
 10 S. & R. 285; 1 W. & S. 301 ; 3 W. & S. 329 ; 3 
 H. 488; 4 H. 43; 3 Gr. 70; 16 S. 260, 263. 
 
 8. For goods sold and delivered, 1 Y. 198 ; 5 S. & R. 
 
 19; lis. & R. 48. 
 
 9. On executory contract, 4 Y. 353. See Executory 
 
 Contracts. 
 
 10. For money paid and expended, 1 D. 125, 147; 2 D. 
 
 54; 1 Y. 533; 2 B. 428 ; 5 S. & R. 4; 7 S. & R. 238; 
 14 S. & R. 179 ; 17 S. & R. 94 ; 5 R. 91 ; 3 W. 222; 
 6 Wh. 47 ; 5 W. & S. 525 ; IJ. 58 ; 9 C. 114 ; 8 Wr. 
 9 ; 7 S. 152. 
 
 11. For .money paid on illegally assessed taxes, 1 W. 
 
 & S. 428. 
 
 12. For money paid for illegal interest, 6 W. & S. 
 
 179; 11 C. 470; 12 Wr. 130; 13 S. 108. 
 
 13. For money had and received, 1 D. 125, 145, 222, 
 
 223, 429; 2 D. 54, 151, 179, 242; 1 Y. 121, 533; 3 
 Y. 531; 6 S. & R. 369, 476 ; 7 S. & R. 238, 295; 9 
 S. & R. 434; 10 S. & R. 219; 11 S. & R. 77, 251; 
 2 R. 449 ; 3 P. & W. 112 ; 9 W. 462 ; 10 W. 339, 431 ; 
 1 W. & S. 108 ; 7 W. & S. 179 ; 1 Barr 24; 10 Barr 
 56, 164, 366, 483; 1 H. 270, 290; 2 H. 29, 518; 4 
 H. 380, 388; 2 C. 108; 3 Wr. 513; 9 Wr. 30; 12 
 Wr. 113 ; 4 S. 203 ; 14 S. 383 ; 20 S. 204. 
 
 14. On an account stated, 4 W. & S. 141 ; 4 Barr 281 ; 9 
 
 S. 172; 15 S. 126. 
 
 15. For use and occupation, 3 D. 504; 1 Y. 576, 578; 3 
 
 S. & R. 500 ; 10 S. & R. 251 ; 16 S. & R. 287 : 1 Wh. 
 18; 2 Wh. 42, 242; 6 Wh. 499; 4 H. 458; 5 H. 231; 
 12 H. 272; 3 C. 259; 12 Wr. 434; 9 S. 422; 14 S. 
 58; 18 S. 57. 
 
 16. On quantum meruit, 3 B. 428; 3 P. & W. 445; 2 C. 
 
 384; 5 C. 82; 2 Wr. 464; 2 Gr. 278. 
 
 17. On parol guaranty, 4 D. 133, 226; 4 Y. 436; 14 S. 
 
 &R. 311; 2 H. 293; 1 C. 89, 210. 
 
88 ASSUMPSIT. 
 
 ASSUMPSIT— coM^mMet^. 
 
 18. For PURCHASE-MONEY FOR LAND. *&« PURCHASE-MONET. 
 
 20. For breach of contract for sale of real estate, G 
 
 S. & R. 208; 12 S. & R. 131; 3 P. & W. 332; 4 W. 
 287; 5 W. 368; 7 W. 323, 530; 8 W. 492; 9 W. 8o ; 
 1 W. & S. 554; 8 W. & S. 153, 391; 10 Barr 232; 
 1 J. 137; 4 H. 154; 7 H. 24; 12 Wr. 90, 491; 13 
 Wr. 9; 2 S. 292; 7 S. 126; 20 S. 170. 
 
 21. To enforce payment of money charged on land, 3 
 
 R. 183; 7 W. & S. 153, 160, 273; 8 W. & S. 391; 7 
 H. 24; 12 Wr. 491; 13 Wr. 9; 7 S. 126. 
 
 22. To recover money paid on recission of contract, 1 
 
 S. & R. 42; 3 S. & R. 423; 4 S. & R. 203; 16 S. & 
 R. 98; 3 P. & W. 447; 6 W. 91; 5 W. & S. 106; 7 
 Barr 486; 5 H. 379; 12 H. 37, 190; 8 Wr. 9; 4 S. 
 203; 11 S. 427; 19 S. 369; 20 S. 204. 
 
 23. Where collateral security has been taken, 10 S. 
 
 & R. 307. 
 
 24. For costs incurred in ejectment, 12 C. 447. 
 IV. When it does not lie. 
 
 1. To recover insurance premium, 4 Y. 468. 
 
 / 
 
 2. On contract under seal, 10 Wr. 76 ; 11 Wr. 500 ; 16 
 
 S. 263. 
 
 3. For recovery op specific articles of property, 2 D. 
 
 254; 2P. & W. 63; 3 W. 277. 
 
 4. To try title to land, 3 S. & R. 509, 516; 6 S. & R. 
 
 476; 10 S. & R. 114, 219 ; 2 R. 423; 10 W. 338, 455. 
 V. Application of Statute of Limitations to. See 
 
 Limitation. 
 VI. Pleading in. 
 1. Declaration. 
 
 Against administrator, 12 S. & R. 97 ; 13 S. & R. 441. 
 Against husband and wife, 1 B. 575 ; 1 P. & W. 333 ; 7 
 Barr 233; 6 C. 505; 8 C. 85, 432, 434; 9 C. 525 
 11 0. 384 ; 12 H. 80 ; 1 Wr. 250, 251 ; 1 Gr. 21 
 3 Gr. 146 ; 1 S. 80 ; 5 S. 386 ; 7 S. 328 ; 10 S 
 430 ; 17 S. 436 ; 19 S. 169 ; 20 S. 497, 500. 
 As to executed consideration, 2 B. 591 ; 5 S. & R. 338 
 9 S. & R. 454 ; 10 Wr. 74 ; 11 Wr. 480 ; 8 S. 295 
 As to amount of claim, 3 W. & S. 329. 
 When it must be special, 9 S. & R. 212; 10 S. & R. 235 
 11 S. & R. 238, 250 : 5 W. & S. 382 ; 7 W. & S: 
 301 ; 10 Barr 231 ; 1 H. 242 ; 3 H. 93, 488 ; 4 H. 43 
 
ASSUMPSIT. 89 
 
 ASSmiVSlI— continued. 
 
 When common counts are sufficient, 2 B. 47 ; 5 Wh. 398. 
 When there has been part performance of special con- 
 tract, 10 S. & R. 235; 5 W. & S. 382; 7 W. & S. 
 301 ; 10 Barr 231 ; 1 H. 242 ; 3 H. 93, 488 ; 4 H. 43. 
 For purchase-money, 11 S. & R. 238. 
 Joinder of counts in, 10 S. & R. 234 ; 13 S. & R. 41. 
 See also Declaration II. 4. 
 2. Pleas in. See Non Assumpsit. 
 
 VII. Evidence. 
 
 1. Under the general issue, 2 D. 154; 4 Y. 350; 2 B 
 
 4 ; 4 S. & R. 249 ; 8 Barr 301 ; 10 Barr 43 ; 3 II 
 488 ; 5 H. 469 ; 6 H. 130 ; 10 Wr. 78 ; 11 Wr. 378 
 
 2. On special assumpsit, 1 D. 208 ; 9 S. & R. 212 ; 10 
 
 S. & R. 347 ; 2 P. & W. 381 ; 2 Wh. 36 ; 1 W. & S 
 301; 3H. 488; 1 S. 170; 9 S. 406. 
 
 3. On count for money had and received, 1 D. 429 
 
 9 S. & R. 11, 424 : 11 S. & R. 134, 149 ; 14 S. & R 
 179 ; 3 Wr. 513 ; 12 Wr. 113. 
 
 4. On promise to pay debt of another, 4 D. 133, 226 
 
 1 P. & W. 383 ; 2 W. 104 ; 4 Wh. 369 ; 7 W. & S 
 30, 429 ; 1 Barr 334 ; 9 Barr 147, 229, 320, 347 ; i 
 J. 13 ; 5 H. 469 ; 6 H. 96 ; 2 C. 150 ; 5 C. 215, 560 
 6 C. 215; 8 C. 10,428; 10 C. 60. 
 
 5. On count for work and labor, 8 S. & R. 211 ; 10 S, 
 
 & R. 235 ; 7 W. & S. 313 ; 4 H. 43 ; 8 H. 130. 
 
 6. For goods sold and delivered, 2 J. 168 ; 3 H. 127, 
 
 488 ; 4 H. 160. 
 
 VIII. Damages in. 
 
 1. For money had and received, 1 D. 224, 429; 1 Y. 
 
 199; 12 Wr. 113. 
 
 2. For BREACH- OF contract. 
 
 For sale of land, 4 D. 152, 442 ; 1 Y. 322 ; 1 B. 450 ; 
 8 S. & R. 166, 268; 4 W. 287; 7 W. 323; 9 W. 
 49, 567; 3 Wh. 316, 330; 2 W. & S. 418 ; 3 W. & 
 S. 329, 568; 4 Barr 257; 8 Barr 197; 9 Barr 235, 
 260; 1 J. 139; 2 J. 372; 5 H. 491 ; 9 II. 417 ; 9 
 C. 517; 10 C. 11, 319, 322, 323, 418, 423, 428, 
 475; 11 C. 23; 1 Wr. 309, 318, 419; 5 Wr. 213; 
 1 Gr. 123, 307 ; 6 S. 424 ; 17 S. 181 ; 20 S. 170. 
 
 To deliver specific article, 1 D. 224; 1 Y. 36, 198; 11 S. 
 & R. 445 ; 5 W & S. 106, 109 ; 12 H. 190 ; 12 Wr. 
 407; 1 S. 175; 3 S. 335; 9 S. 365; 16 S. 382. 
 
 To carry merchandise, 6 W. 424; 10 W. 418; 12 C. 
 360; 2 S. 461. 
 
90 ASSUMPSIT— ATTACHMENT EXECUTION. 
 
 ASSUMPSIT— eon^mwed 
 
 To deliver stock sold, 13 "Wr. 114. 
 To subscribe for stock, 2 Y. 32; 3 0. 268; 6 C. 210. 
 To farm land on shares, 10 C. 9. 
 
 To complete work under entire contract, 1 Y. 199 ; 12 Wr. 
 161; 1 S. 174; 9 S. 365. 
 
 3. For defective workmanship, 6 Wh. 299 ; 5 Wr. 102 : 
 
 10 Wr. 177; 12 Wr. 309; 16 S. 340. 
 
 4. For neglect of duty after payment, 11 C. 107. 
 
 5. For loss on resale of property, 2 P. & W. 211 ; 7 
 
 W. & S. 33. 
 
 6. For breach op warranty as to quality, 4 Ban 168 ; 
 
 1 H. 246 ; 1 Wr. 150. 
 
 7. For services, 1 W. & S. 301 ; 9 Barr 235, 266 ; 2 H. 
 
 293; 9 H. 507; 12 H. 37; 12 C. 367; 9 Wr. 99; 10 
 W. 426 ; 12 Wr. 309. See Services. 
 
 8. On premium note of insurance company, 6 Wr. 41. 
 
 9. On bills and notes. See Bills or Notes. 
 
 10. On disaffirmance of contract, 8 W. & S. 361; 12 H. 
 
 190; 10 C. 10; 12 Wr. 309; 15 S. 460. 
 
 11. On note payable in bank notes, 2 W. & S. 190. 
 
 IX. Judgment in. 
 
 1. Against joint defendants, 5 Barr 221 ; 12 S. 370. 
 
 2. On common counts, 2 Wr. 128. 
 
 X. Costs in, 12 Wr. 22; 3 S. 93. 
 
 Mode of recovering when verdict is below f 100, 6 Wh. 94 ; 1 
 W. & S. 57; 9 W. & S. 66 ; 4 Barr 330; 12 Wr. 22 ; 3 
 S. 93. 
 
 ASSURANCE OF SUPPORT. 
 No proof of contract, 10 Wr. 78. 
 
 ATTACHMENT EXECUTION. 
 
 1. When appropriate, 5 W. & S. 222; 7 Barr 482; 1 H. 
 
 306, 394; 2 C. 102; 10 C. 128; 4 Wr. 309; 2 Gr. 319. 
 
 2. On what judgments allowed, 2 W. & S. 222; 1 H. 394. 
 
 3. When in time, 7 W. & S. 444; 4 Barr 233; 6 H. 414; 
 
 2 C. 105. 
 
 4. May issue with writ of fieri facias, 5 W. & S. 222; 
 
 13 S. 108. 
 
 5. Who liable to, 7 W. & S. 376; 4 Barr 490; 5 Barr 115; 
 
 12 C. 214; 2 Gr. 472; 2 S. 433; 13 S. 108. 
 
 6. Form of writ, 6 Wh. 181. 
 
 7. Amendment of, 6 Wh. 181. 
 
ATTACHMENT, &c. 91 
 
 ATTACHMENT EXEGXITIOIH— continued. 
 
 8. Quashing writ, 4 Barr 232 ; 4 Wr. 309. 
 
 9. Exemption from, 2 W. 90; 1 Wh. 179; 2 W. & S. 400; 
 
 4 W. & S. 342; 3 Barr 368; 5 Barr 115; 5 C. 264; 9 
 C. 241; 11 C. 22; 12 C. 28, 214, 342; 6 Wr. 536; 8 
 Wr. 206, 253; 13 Wr. 147; 14 Wr. 314; 8 S. 433; 11 
 S. 19; IS S. 108; 19 S. 68, 69; 10 C. 299. 
 
 10. What is attachable. See Foreign Attachment. 
 
 11. Debtor's exemption under, 12 C. 131; 2 Wr. 190; 8 
 
 Wr. 206; 14 Wr. 535; 2 S. 423. 
 
 12. Is an equitable assignment of property or claim, 2 
 
 Gr. 472. 
 
 13. When irregular, 5 W. & S. 222; 2 C. 102; 10 C. 128; 
 
 4 Wr. 809. 
 
 14. DuTf OF sheriff in, 15 S. 336. 
 
 15. Effect of service of writ. 
 
 On assigned chose in action. See Foreign Attachment. 
 
 On garnishee. See Garnishee. 
 
 On negotiable paper, 4 D. 47; 6 H. 388. 
 
 16. Return to writ, 13 Wr. 21. 
 
 17. Rights of crebitors under, 8 0. 88: 10 C. 229, 299; 
 
 1 Wr. 491: 4 Wr. 248; 7 Wr. 89; 8 WV. 288; 14 Wr. 
 216, 218, 224, 314, 537; 9 S. 57; 15 S. 336. 
 
 18. Proceedings in. See Garnishee. 
 
 19. Costs in, 5 S. & R. 447; 5 W. & S. 222; 1 Barr 213; 2 
 
 C. 102. 
 
 ATTACHMENT UNDER ACT OF 1842. 
 
 1. Arrest under, 2 J. 303; 1 H. 128; 10 H. 450; 8 C. 
 
 520 ; 3 Wr. 302. 
 
 2. Bond in. 
 
 Liability of party on, 2 H. 413. 
 Liability of sureties, 2 H. 413. 
 Evidence in suit on, 2 H. 413. 
 Nonsuit on, 2 H. 413. 
 
 3. Who may object to irregularity of proceedings, 11 
 
 H. 189. 
 
 4. Liability of officer under, 11 H. 189 ; 8 C. 452. 
 
 5. What goods may be taken under, 8 C. 452. 
 
 7. Validity of sale under, 1 Gr. 172. 
 
 8. Exemption Act applied to, 3 Gr. 319. 
 
 ATTACHMENT IN OHIO. 
 
 Validity of sale under, 1 Gr. 176. 
 
92 ATTACipiENT FOll CONTEMPT— ATTEMPT, &c. 
 
 ATTACHMENT FOR CONTEMPT. See Contempt of 
 Court. 
 
 ATTACHMENT. DOMESTIC. See Domestic Attachment. 
 
 ATTACHMENT, FOREIGN. See Foreign Attachment. 
 
 ATTACHMENT OF VESSELS. 
 
 Who entitled to, 6 W. & S. 519 ; 1 Gr. 536 ; 6 S. 290. 
 
 Nature of proceeding, 2 S. & R. 157. 
 
 What vessels are within Act, 1 Gr. 176 ; 2 Gr. 521 ; 3 Gr. 
 
 40, 110; 6 S. 290. 
 Waiver of irregularity in, 3 D. 335. 
 Waiver of right to attach, 2 S. 368. 
 Discharge from, 3 D. 132. 
 Joint libel in, 2 Gr. 521. 
 
 ATTACHMENT TO ENFORCE AWARD, 1 D. 364, 365. 
 
 ATTACHMENT TO ENFORCE DECREE IN EQUITY, 1 
 
 Gr. 237. 
 
 "AT WILL." 
 
 Contract for hiring, discussed, 13 S. 14. 
 
 AT AND FROM. 
 
 Meaning of, 8 Y. 89 ; IB. 592. 
 
 "AT OR NEAR." 
 
 Meaning of in railroad charter, 14 S. 137. 
 
 ATTAINDER. 
 
 1. Forfeiture on, 1 D. 168 ; 3 D. 479 ; 4 D. 168 ; 1 Y. 
 
 287, 332. 
 
 2. Proceedings on, 1 D. 233. 
 
 Description of person, 1 D. 61. 
 
 3. Proceedings to reverse, 1 D. 273. 
 
 4. Effect of. 
 
 On tenant by curtesy, 3 D. 480. 
 
 On tenant in tail, 1 Y. 332. 
 
 On party claiming paramount to, 1 Y. 338; 5 B. 154. 
 
 On creditor of party attaint, 2 Y. 286. 
 
 5. Sale of lands forfeited by, 1 Y. 287 ; 16 S. & R. 245. 
 
 6. Effect of treaty of peace on, 1 D. 233; 10 S. & R. 
 
 151. 
 
 "ATTEMPT TO COMMIT CRIME." 
 Distinguished from "solicitation," 4 S. 209. 
 
ATTESTATION— ATTORNEY AT LAW. 93 
 
 ATTESTATION. 
 
 1. By INTERESTED WITNESS. See Subscribing Witness. 
 
 2. Seal of officer when evidence, 4 Wr. 458. 
 
 ATTORNEY IN :FAGT. See Agent. 
 
 ATTORNEY AT LAW. 
 
 I. Admission of, 2 D. 399, 400 ; 1 S. & R. 187 ; 3 W\ 48, 
 
 317 ; 5 W. & S. 272 ; 5 Barr 473. 
 
 II. IIow affected by Act of 1806, 1 B. 501. 
 
 III. Duties, responsibility and conduct of, discussed, 17 
 S. 175, 178. 
 
 IV. Rights of. 
 
 1. Generally, 5 R. 191, 208 ; 7 H. 95. 
 
 2. To APPEAR FOR SUITORS, 1 D. 166 ; 1 B. 214 ; 2 B. 145 
 
 1 S. & R. 187; 5 S. & R. 294, 373; 6 S. & R. 164 
 16 S. & R. 368 ; 2 R. 97 ; 4 Barr 296; 10 Wr. 236 
 7 Wr. 418 ; 13 Wr. 21. 
 
 3. To ADDRESS JURY ON BEHALF OF CLIENT, 1 J. 399. 
 
 4. To REFUSE PUBLIC OFFICE, 1 Y. 350. 
 
 5. To WITHHOLD PRIVILEGED COMMUNICATIONS, 3 Y. 5 ; 8 
 
 W. 81, 314; 10 H. 89. 
 
 6. To USE REASONABLE DISCRETION IN TRANSACTION OF 
 BUSINESS, 16 S. 192. 
 
 7. To TESTIFY, 1 D. 241; 1 S. & R. 32 ; 17 S. & R. 312 ; 
 
 3 W. 20 ; 8 Barr 520 ; 10 Wr. 294 ; 2 S. 247. 
 
 8. To WITNESS FEES, 1 Wh. 275 ; 2 J. 283, 339. 
 
 9. To ACT WITHOUT WARRANT OF ATTORNEY, 2 Y. 547. 
 
 10. To FILE WARRANT IF REQUIRED, 1 D. 133, 288 ; 2 D. 
 
 142 ; 2 Y. 547 ; 1 B. 36 ; 5 W. 427. 
 
 11. To SUE FOR COSTS PAID BY MISTAKE, 7 W. & S. 128. 
 
 12. To CONTINUE TO ACT FOR CLIENT, 16 S. & R. 368 ; 1 Gr. 
 
 17, 273 ; 5 S. 434. 
 
 13. To REQUIRE OPINION OF COURT IN WRITING, 1 S. & R. 
 
 128. 
 
 14. To SUGGEST RESPECTFULLY THE RESIGNATION OF A JUDGE, 
 
 5 R. 191. 
 
 15. To PURCHASE LAND AFTER OPINION ON TITLE, 17 S. & 
 
 R. 13 ; 4 S. 461. 
 
 16. To PURCHASE STOCK FOR CLIENT, 3 Gr. 64. 
 
94 ATTORNEY AT LAW. 
 
 ATTORNEY AT 'LKW—contmued. 
 
 17. To PURCHASE NOTES AGAINST ESTATE IN HANDS OF 
 
 CLIENT FOR DISTRIBUTION, 12 C. 429. 
 
 18. To REPAYMENT OF MONEY ADVANCED FOR CLIENT, 12 S. 
 
 461. 
 
 19. To COMPENSATION, 1 B. 501, 502; 5 S. & R. 412 ; 2 P. 
 
 6 W. 75 ; 3 W. 183, 357 ; 4 W. 334, 420 ; 2 W. & S. 
 128 ; 1 Barr 364 ; 7 Barr 376, 543 ; 7 H. 95, 226 ; 10 
 C. 299 ; 3 Gr. 60 ; 12 Wr. 22; 5 S. 434. 
 
 20. To LIEN FOR SERVICES, 2 Wr. 231. 
 
 21. To PLEAD Statute of Limitations, 16 S. & R. 379 ; 1 
 
 W. 275; 1 W. & S. 118; 1 Barr 399; 4 Barr 58; 
 
 7 Barr 31, 37 ; 8 Barr 189 ; 5 C. 293 ; 12 H. 53 ; 2 
 Gr. 273; 3 S. 424 ; 16 S. 192. 
 
 22. To interest on claims, 2 W. & S. 128. 
 IV. Power and authority of to bind client. 
 
 1. Generally, 1 D. 164; 2 Y. 546; 3 Y. 129; 16 S. & 
 
 R. 368; 5 R. 191, 208; 7 W. 63; 2 J. 159, 162; 10 
 C. 315; 2 Wr. 93 ; 10 Wr. 236 ; 14 Wr. 85 ; 9 S. 379. 
 
 2. As to amicable actions, 8 S. & R. 567 ; 1 S. 491. 
 
 3. To accept service of process, 2 Wr. 93. 
 
 4. To ACCEPT service of rules, 1 B. 59 ; 8 S. & R. 41 ; 
 
 16 S. & R. 126 ; 3 P. & W. 67 ; 6 Barr 194 ; 3 H. 59. 
 
 5. To ARBITRATE SUIT, 9 Barr 101 ; 1 H. 58 ; 2 H. 397 ; 7 
 
 H. 419 ; 11 H. 394 ; 10 C. 315. 
 
 6. To STIPULATE FOR FINALITY OP AWARD, 9 Barr 101 ; 2 H. 
 
 397 ; 9 S. 379. 
 
 7. To CONFESS JUDGMENT, 5 S. & R. 299; 8 S. & R. 567 : 
 
 13 S. & R. 196 ; 2 P. & W. 72 ; 10 H. 195 ; 1 S. 491. 
 
 8. To ASSIGN JUDGMENT, 3 R. 401; 1 P. & W. 264; 2 J. 
 
 159; 1 Barr 156; 10 C. 815; 11 Wr. 214; 8 S. 196. 
 
 9. To COMPROMISE CLAIM, 3 S. & R. 413; 14 S. & R. 307; 
 
 3 W. & S. 69 ; 2 J. 159 ; 2 H. 88 : 1 C. 264. 
 
 10. To RELEASE CLAIMS, 2 H. 88. 
 
 11. To RETRACT PLEA, 2 D. 111. 
 
 12. To DISCHARGE DEFENDANT PROM CAPIAS, 5 W. 235. 
 
 13. To RESTORE CASE AFTER NON PROS, 1 B. 469. 
 
 14. To PURCHASE PROPERTY AT JUDICIAL SALE, 2 S. & R. 
 
 20 : 14 S. & R. 307 ; 5 W. 303 ; 6 H. 510 ; 5 C. 307; 
 12 S. 461. 
 
ATTORNEY AT LAW. 93 
 
 ATTORNEY AT l^KW— continued. 
 
 15. To STAY EXECUTION, 3 W. & S. 420. 
 
 16. To WAIVE INQUISITION, 2 Gr. 107. 
 
 17. To RECEIVE MONEY FOR CLIENT, 1 D. 164; 8 Y. 47 ; 1 
 
 B. 469; IP. & W. 264; 7 W. 63; 2 H. 89; 7 S. 331. 
 
 18. To PAY MONEY FOR CLIENT, 17 S. & R. 312. 
 
 19. To CONTINUE IN SERVICE UNTIL EXECUTION OF JUDG- 
 
 MENT, 16 S. & R. 368; 2 Gr. 17. 273; 5 S. 434. 
 
 20. To MAKE AFFIDAVIT TO LEGAL PAPERS, 3 S. & R. 1 ; 6 
 
 Ban- 377. 
 
 21. To ADMINISTER OATHS, 5 S. & R. 51 ; 2 C. 221. 
 
 22. To DIRECT SHERIFF AS TO SALES, 16 S. & R. 368. 
 
 V. Duties of. 
 
 1. Generally, 5 R. 191, 208; 6 W. 81; 8 W. 94; 3 W. & 
 
 S. 486 ; 2 Barr 189 ; 2 H. 506 ; 1 C. 354. 
 
 2. As to confidential communications, 3 Y. 4; 8 W. 
 
 81, 314 ; 10 H. 89. 
 
 3. As to purchase at judicial sale, 2 S. & R. 20 ; 14 
 
 S. & R. 307; 5 W. 303; 6 W. 81; 8 W. 93, 314; 6 
 W. & S. 376; 2 H. 88, 506; 6 H. 510; 4 C. 115; 5 
 G. 139; 3 Gr. 64; 12 S. 461. 
 
 4. As to remitting money to client, 2 Gr. 273. 
 
 VI. Liability of. 
 
 1. Generally, 16 S. & R. 368; 5 R. 191-208; 2 Gr. 
 
 273. 
 
 2. To SERVICE IN FOREIGN ATTACHMENT, 1 D. 203. 
 
 3. To BE STRICKEN FROM ROLL OF ATTORNEYS, 5 R. 191 ; 5 
 
 W. & S. 272; 1 Gr. 453; 17 S. 169. 
 
 4. For fees of officers, 4 B. 107; 13 S. & B. 101; 11 
 
 Wr. 363. 
 
 5. For neglect of officers, 3 S. 424. 
 
 6. For unintentional error, 16 S. & R. 368. 
 
 7. As trustee for client, 3 Gr. 64. 
 
 8. For negligence, 4 R. 382; 3 P. & W. 224; 4 W. 420; 
 
 2 W. & S. 103; 8 W. & S. 61; 6 Barr 360; 10 Barr 
 462; 1 H. 622; 2 Gr. 273; 2 S. 247; 3 S. 424. 
 
 9. For improper entry op judgment, 6 S. & R. 296. 
 
 10. For neglect, 6 Barr 360; 3 S. 424; 16 S. 192. 
 
 11. For contempt of court, 5 R. 191; 1 Gr. 453. 
 
 12. As endorser of draft remitted to client, 12 S. 203. 
 
96 ATTORNEY AT LAW— ATTOENEY-GENEEAL. 
 
 ATTORNEY AT 'LA'^— continued. 
 
 13. For money collected foe client, 10 Barr 463; 12 
 
 Wr. 524; 2 Gr. 60, 273. 
 
 14. For purchase made on account of client's claim, 5 
 
 W. 308; 6 W. 81; 8 W. 93, 314; 6 W. & S. 376; 2 
 H. 606; 12 H. 82; 1 C. 354; 4 C. 115; 9 S. 190. 
 
 15. To forfeit compensation, 2 Gr. 60; 7 H. 99; 5 S. 
 
 484. 
 
 16. To arrest under Act op 1842, 2 Gr. 60. 
 
 17. To suit by client, 2 Gr. 273. 
 
 18. In trespass for illegal seizure of property, 2 Gr. 
 
 380. 
 
 VII. Argument by, 2 D. 125; 1 Y. 403; 3 Y. 484; 4 Y. 
 
 403, 446; 3 B. 589; 16 S. & R. 820; 8 H. 19; 9 H. 
 466, 484; 3 S. 326. 
 
 VIII. Agreements between. 
 
 1. Must be in writing, 6 H. 510, 518. 
 
 2. Proof of, 1 D. 1, 251. 
 
 3. Enforcement of, 6 B. 99. 
 
 IX. Notice to, 1 B. 59; 8 S. & R. 41; 16 S. & R. 126; 3 
 P. & W. 67; 6 Barr 194. 
 
 X. Knowledge of, not notice to client, 3 C. 504. 
 XL Opinion of, 1 Y. 143. 
 
 XII. Correction of error of, 1 D. 241. 
 
 XIII. Notes of testimony of. See Evidence. 
 
 XIV. Receipt of, when evidence, 7 S. 152, 331. 
 
 XV. Fees of, when not a charge on estate of decedent, 
 6 S. 406. 
 
 ATTORNEY-GENERAL. 
 
 I. Selection of, 2 D. 899. 
 
 II. Power and authority of. 
 
 1. As to information, 1 Y. 206. 
 
 2. As TO mandamus, 2 D. 409. 
 
 3. As TO QUO WARRANTO, 7 Barr 34. 
 
 4. To release accused party, 2 Barr 187. 
 
 III. Duties of. 
 
 1. Generally, 2 Barr 189; 4 S. 401. 
 
 2. As TO release of accused party, 2 Barr 187. 
 
 3. In quo warranto, 7 Barr 34. 
 
 IV. Compensation of, 2 Barr 187. 
 
ATTORNMENT BY TENANT— AUCTIONEER. 97 
 
 ATTORNMENT BY TENANT. 
 
 1. When inadmissible, 8 S. 137. 
 
 2. What constitutes, 12 H. 35; 1 S. 499; 11 S. 497; 14 
 
 S. 800. 
 
 3. Form of, 14 S. 300, 
 
 4. Unnecessary in Pennsylvania, 14 S. 300. 
 
 5. Revocation of, 4 S. 196. 
 
 6. Estoppel by, 1 H. 267. 
 
 AUCTION. 
 
 I. Sales by. 
 
 1. Definition of, 1 W. & S. 552. 
 
 2. Manner of conducting, 1 W. & S. 552; 6 S. 245. 
 
 3. Validity op sale on one bidder, 12 Wr. 68. 
 
 4. Retraction of bid at, 6 Barr 486. 
 
 5. Nature of contract on, 2 Barr 74; 6 S. 245; 10 S. 
 
 134. 
 
 6. When fraudulent, 11 S. & R. 86; 2 H. 446; 4 H. 
 
 200, 204. 
 
 II. Enforcement of sale. 
 
 1. By auctioneer, 5 W. & S. 45. 
 
 2. By owner of property, 4 D. 106 ; 3 Y. 342; 6 S. & R. 
 
 19; 2 W. & S. 377. 
 
 3. Recovery of deposit money, 10 S. 134. 
 
 III. Rights of vendee, 5 W. & S. 45; 6 Barr 486; 6 S- 
 245; 12 S. 148. 
 
 IV. Duties of vendee, 10 S. 134. 
 
 V. Liability of vendee, 2 W. & S. 377; 6 S. 245; 10 S. 
 
 134 ; 12 S. 148. 
 
 Damages for loss ou resale, 4 D. 152; 1 B. 480; 2 
 W. & S. 418; 2 Barr 74; 10 0. 319; 12 S. 148. 
 
 VI. Effect of employing puffers at, 11 S. & R. 87 ; 2 H. 
 446; 4H. 200; 9 C. 251. 
 
 AUCTIONEER. 
 
 I. Is AGENT OF VENDOR, 10 S. 134. 
 
 II. Bond of. 
 
 1. For WHOSE use, 3 D. 501; 4 D. 95, 106; 3 Y. 335. 
 
 III. In Pittsburgh, 3 W. 297. 
 
 IV. Rights of. 
 
 1. As TO PRIVATE sales, 4 D. 106. 
 
 7 
 
98 AUCTIONEER— AUDITOR. 
 
 AUCTIONEER— continued. 
 
 2. To OCCUPY PUBLIC STREET, 1 S. & K. 217. 
 
 3. To KE-SELL, 10 S. 134. 
 
 4. To TESTIFY AS TO SALES, 3 S. & R. 20. 
 
 5. To DEPOSIT MONEY, 10 S. 134. 
 
 6. To COMPENSATION, 10 S. 134. 
 
 7. To PURCHASE AT SALE, 11 Wr. 68. 
 
 V. Power of. 
 
 1. To VARY CONDITION BY VERBAL DECLARATIONS, 1 H. 121. 
 
 VI. Liability of. 
 
 1. On bond, 3 D. 601: 4 D. 95, 106; 3 Y. 385. 
 
 2. For license, 11 C. 277. 
 
 3. On warranty, 5 W. & S. 45. 
 
 4. For taxes, 4 Y. 207. 
 
 5. For disobeying order of principal, 11 S. & R. 86. 
 
 AUDITA QUERSILA. 
 
 Allowance of, 11 S. & R. 274, 290; 12 Wr. 477. 
 
 AUDITOR-GENERAL. 
 
 I. Powers of. 
 
 1. To settle public accounts, 3 Y. 543; 4 Y. 361; 1 R. 
 
 282; 2 R. 40 ; 1 P. & W. 52; 9 W. 109; 6 Barr 124; 
 2 C. 236; 3 C. 272; 7 G. 406; 9 Wr. 507; 14 Wr. 
 399; 8 Gr. 61; 2 S. 451; 5 S. 448, 485. 
 
 2. Notice of time of settlement, 2 C. 236; 3 G. 272; 3 
 
 Gr. 61;-2S. 451. 
 
 3. Presumption in favor of decision op, 2 S. 451. 
 
 IL Appeal from, 3 B. 90; 1 P. & W. 252; 9 W. 109; 3 C. 
 272; 7 G. 406; 3 Gr. 61; 2 S. 451. 
 
 Audits, who liable for cost of, 10 H. 41 ; 12 H. 189 ; 
 9 Wr. 394; 11 Wr. 210, 250, 424; 14 Wr. 189 ; 
 4S. 67. 
 
 AUDITOR. 
 
 I. Under depreciation act, 1 D. 248; 1 Y. 195, 352; 3 Y. 
 
 150. 
 
 II. Under attachment law, 1 Y. 21. 
 
 III. On township accounts. 
 
 1. Jurisdiction of, 8 W. 551; 9 Barr 79; 6 H. 144; 4 
 
 G. 186. 
 
 2. Report of, 6 H. 144. 
 
AUDITOR. 99 
 
 ATJBITOn— continued. 
 
 3. Appeal from, 3 C. 109. 
 
 IV. On county accounts. 
 
 1. Powers and duties of, 8 W. 551; 2 Barr 17; 9 Barr 
 
 79; IS. 160. 
 
 2. Report of, 3 B. 91; 2 R. 40; 3 W. & S. 542; 2 Barr 
 
 17; 12 H. 305; 10 Wr. 496; 1 S. 160. 
 
 3. Compensation of, 9 S. & R. 251. 
 
 4. Effect 'of decision op, 12 S. 422. 
 
 5. Appeal from, 3 R. 91 ; IS. 160. 
 
 6. Power of legislature^ to open and resettle, 12 S. 
 
 422. 
 
 V. In the Common Pleas. 
 
 1. Selection of, 9 Wr. 394; 10 Wr. 407. 
 
 2. Powers of. 
 
 As to liens, 2 W. & S.- 315, 557, 567 ; 6 W. & S. 318, 
 442; 10 H-. 50; 11 Wr. 67; 2 Gr. 151 ; 7 S. 175; 
 16 S. 89, 470. 
 
 As to questions of fact, 9 Wr. 228 ; 11 Wr. 220. 
 
 To reform account, 9 Wr. 394. 
 
 To inquire into ownership of claims, 7 S. 498 ; 18 S. 38. 
 
 3. Proceedings before. 
 
 As to presentment of claims, 9 Barr 17. 
 
 As to allowance of claim, 9 Wr. 343, 394 ; 11 Wr. 67 ; 
 
 12 Wr. 159. 
 As to presence of parties, 9 Wr. 343. 
 As to competency of witness, 10 C. 242. 
 As to award of issue, 1 Wr. 268 ; 10 Wr. 407 ; 11 Wr. 
 
 485; 13 Wr. 380, 384; 3 Gr. 315. 
 Compensation of, 6 C. 496; 2 Wr. 535; 11 S. 497. 
 
 4. Report of. 
 
 Generally, 4 H. 151; 5 H. 215; 2 Gr. 301. 
 
 As to "facts" and "testimony," 1 S. 221; 2 S. 195; 10 
 S. 423. 
 
 Final, by agreement, 6 C. 478. 
 
 Who bound to have testimony reported by, 10 S. 423. 
 
 Effect of, 6 W. & S. 439; 2 J. 159; 2 C. 264; 10 C. 
 242; 10 Wr. 534. 
 
 Conclusiveness of as to facts, 5 R. 323 ; 7 H. 222, 431 ; 
 10 H. 312, 510; 11 H. 114; 12 H. 286; 8 0. 121, 
 405; 12 C. 134, 174; 2 Wr. 220; 9 Wr. 228; 3 
 Gr. 205, 301; 4 S. 67, 472; 5 S. 294; 20 S. 142. 
 
 Admissibility of in evidence, 6 W. & S. 315; 5 H. 345. 
 
100 AUDITOR. 
 
 AUDITOR— continued. 
 
 Exceptions to, 1 Y. 193 ; 4 Y. 358 ; 3 B. 91, 475 ; 2 0. 
 
 463; 1 Gr. 242. 
 Confirmation of, 9 Barr 17. 
 Setting aside of, 5 Barr 413. 
 Costs of, 11 Wr. 210, 255 ; 14 Wr. 250 ; 4 S. 67. 
 Power of auditor as to, 2 Wr. 220 ; 11 Wr. 67 ; 12 Wr. 
 
 159. 
 Appeal to Supreme Court from, 2 C. 463 ; 3 C. 42. 
 Not reversed because of absence of creditor, 9 Wr. 343. 
 
 VI. In the Orphans' Couet. 
 
 1. Selection of, 1 H. 188; 5 H. 416; 9 Wr. 394; 10 
 
 Wr. 407. 
 
 2. When unnecessary, 10 Barr 237 ; 11 S. 478. 
 
 3. Powers of. 
 Generally, 7 H. 221. 
 
 Under Act of 1794, 7 S. & R. 483. 
 
 As to contested claims, 6 Wh. 401 ; 9 Wr. 343, 394 ; 11 
 
 Wr. 67; 12 Wr. 169; 9 Barr 17. 
 As to liens, 2 W. & S. 315, 557, 567; 6 W. & S. 318, 
 
 442; 10 H. 50; 11 Wr. 67; 2 Gr. 151; 7 S. 175; 
 
 16 S. 89, 470. 
 As to accounts, 3 C. 319 ; 9 Wr. 394. 
 
 4. Duties of. 
 
 As to exceptions, 12 H. 180, 189. 
 
 As to report of testimony, 1 S. 221; 2 S. 195 > 10 S. 
 
 423. 
 As to hearing parties, 12 H. 286. 
 As to distribution, 9 Barr 17 ; 12 H. 189, 286. 
 As to award of issue, 3 Gr. 260, 315 ; 9 S. 190. 
 Presumption in favor of, 12 H. 286. 
 
 5. Report op. 
 
 Made final by agreement, 6 C. 478. 
 
 Explanation of ambiguous, 6 Wh. 60. 
 
 Filing of, 6 Wh. 401. 
 
 Conclusiveness of as to facts, 5 R. 323 ; 7 H. 222, 431 ; 
 10 H. 312, 510; 11 H. 114; 12 H. 286; 8 C. 121, 
 405; 12 C. 134, 174; 2 Wr. 220; 9 Wr. 228; 2 
 Gr. 301, 304; 3 Gr. 205; 4 S. 67, 472; 58. 294; 
 20 S. 142. 
 
 Waiver of irregularity in conducting audit, 6 S. 409. 
 
 Effect of on unpaid claims, 3 W. & S. 154 ; 9 Barr 17 ; 
 6 C. 478. 
 
 Exceptions to, 1 Y. 193; 4 Y. 358; 3 B. 91, 475; 12 
 H. 189; 2 C. 463; 12 S. 324. 
 
AUDITOR— AWARD. 101 
 
 AUDITOR— continued. 
 
 Confirmation of, 5 H. 422 ; 6 C. 75. 
 Setting aside of, 7 H. 431. 
 
 Costs of, 10 H. 41; 12 H. 189; 9 Wr. 394; 11 Wr. 424; 
 14 Wr. 189; 4 S. 67 ; 11 S. 478. 
 
 AUNT. 
 
 Descent of land to, 3 Y. 480; 10 H. 291; 7 C- 289. See 
 Descent. 
 
 AUTHENTICITY. 
 
 1. Of deed. See Deed IV. 4. 
 
 2. Of town plot, 10 Barr 93; 1 J. 434; 4 H. 79; 4 Wr. 
 
 506. 
 
 AUTHENTICATION. 
 
 1. Of FOliEIGN JDDGMENT OR DECREE, 2 Y. 532 ; 4 Y. 396, 
 
 501 ; 12 S. & R. 203 ; 3 Barr 483 ; 10 Barr 160 ; 1 C. 509. 
 
 2. Records of other states, 1 C. 509; 3 C. 479; 10 C. 
 
 74. 
 
 3. Of papers offered in evidence, 1 H. 247. 
 
 4. Records in Pennsylvania, 2 Y. 532; 12 S. & R. 208; 
 
 3 C. 479. 
 
 AUTER FOIS ACQUIT. 
 
 Trial of issue of, 12 S. & R. 389; 3 R. 498. 
 
 AUTER FOIS CONVICT. 
 Judgment on plea of, 4 C. 13. 
 
 AUTER VIE. See Tenant for Life. 
 
 AVERMENT IN NARR. See Declaration. 
 
 AVERAGE LOSS. See Insurance. 
 
 AVOWRY IN REPLEVIN. 
 
 1. Form of, 10 S. & R. 92; 4 W. 98; 8 Wr. 516; 4 S. 342; 
 
 17 S. 105. 
 
 2. Where several defendants join, 12 S. 445. 
 
 3. No general issue on, 5 S. & R. 355; 12 S. 446. 
 
 4. Error in, cured by trial, 1 R. 433. 
 
 5. By tenants in common, 9 S. 481 ; 12 S. 445. 
 
 AWARD. 
 
 I. Various kinds in Pennsylvania discussed, 1 D. 314 ; 3 
 Gr. 135; 14 S. 79. 
 
102 AWARD. 
 
 AWARD — continued. 
 II. Form of. 
 
 »1. By umpire, 4 D. 233, 271; 2 W. 74; 9 Barr 254; 2 
 J. 128, 134. 
 
 2. By confession, 3 Gr. 135. 
 
 3. By counsel, 10 C. 315. 
 
 4. Must conform to submission, 1 D. 130, 298; 1 Y. 
 
 509; 3 Y. 48; SB. 124; 6 B. 333; 4 S. & R. 452; 
 5S. &R. 167; 13 S. & R. 71 ; 14 S. &R. 144; 3 P. 
 & W. 270; 4 W. 75; 2 H. 397; 5 H. 409; 12 H. 
 411; 8 Wr. 23; 1 Gr. 394. 
 
 5. Need not conform to pleadings, 1 H. 58. 
 
 6. Recitals in. 
 
 As to hearing of parties, 10 S. & R. 207, 254 ; 9 Barr 
 
 100. 
 As to former decision of same case, 6 B. 36. 
 As to submission, 10 0. 315. 
 As to oath of arbitrators, 10 S. & R. 207. 
 
 6. As to seal of arbitrators, 1 B. 460 ; 7 S. & R. 204 ; 
 
 4R. 2^9; 1 H. 90. 
 
 7. Certainty required in. 
 
 As to parties, 1 D. 174; 3 B. 124; 3 S. & R. 240; 12 
 
 S. & R. 325; 17 S. & R. 295; 3 P. & W. 44. 
 As to claim, 1 D. 119, 355; 4 D. 284; 2 Y. 540; 3 Y. 
 
 564; 4 Y. 491; 6 B. 24, 34, 333; 1 S. & R. 434; 
 
 3 S. & R. 408, 421; 4 S. & R. 82S; 8 S. & R. 349; 
 
 14 S. & R. 337, 338; 15 S. & R. 165 ; 16 S. & R. 
 
 135, 245; 4 R. 411; 5 R. 44; 1 P. & W. 304; 2 
 
 P. & W. 159; 7 W. 311, 601; 2 H. 399; 3 H. 23 ; 
 
 7 C. 498; 7 Wr. 110; 10 Wr. 189. 
 As to conditions, 5 S. & R. 167: 6 S. & R. 276; 14 S. 
 
 & R. 337, 338; 6 W. 478; 4 Wh. 347, 358; 10 C. 
 
 160. 
 In case of disputed boundary, 6 B. 34, 333; 15 S. & R. 
 
 165; 4 R. 411; 7 W. 311, 601; 2 H. 399; 3 H. 
 
 23. 
 As to finality of controversy, 2 Y. 540; 3 Y. 560; 4 Y. 
 
 491; 10 0. 160 ; 1 Gr. 437; 3 S. 466. 
 
 8. Notice to produce, 1 Wr. 320. 
 
 9. Filing of, I'D. 355; 4 B. 481, 515; 1 S. & R. 231; 1 
 
 Gr. 393. 
 
 10. Supplementary, 1 D. 355, 356. 
 
 11. Presumption in favor of, 1 D. 174; 2 Y. 539, 541; 
 
 3 Y. 521, 564; 4 Y. 491; 10 S. & R. 103, 193, 227; 
 
AWARD. 103 
 
 AWARD — continued. 
 
 13 S. & R. 71; 17 S. & R. 295; 2 R. 149; 2 P. & 
 W. 300; 1 Wh. 177; 2 Barr 435; 3 Barr 456; 9 Barr 
 106; 2 J. 184; 2 H. 155; 6 0. 384, 390; 1 Gr. 
 437; 12 S. 370. 
 
 12. Explanation of, 1 J. 413 ; 13 Wr. 346. 
 
 13. Correction of, 2 D. 180; 1 Y. 84, 153; 4 Y. 336; 1 B. 
 
 43; 4 B. 485; 4 S. & R. 81; 2 R. 149; 4 W. & S. 
 63; 3 Barr 456; 5 Barr 497; 8 Wr. 23; 16 S. 158. 
 
 14. While demurrer is pending, 2 Barr 435. 
 
 III. Exceptions to. 
 
 1. When to be filed, 1 D. 312 ; 4 Y. 202 ; 2 B. 239 ; 5 
 
 B. 387; 8 S. & R. 9; 1 Wh. 177; 9 Barr 487; 2 J. 
 181. 
 
 2. Affidavit to, 1 S. & R. 365. 
 
 3. Waiver of, 1 Y. 76; 5 B. 387. 
 
 4. Form of, 1 D. 129; 1 B. 59; 1 S. & R. 365; 8 Wr. 23. 
 
 5. What heard on, 1 D. 170; 2 B. 239; 2 S. & R. 116, 
 
 280 ; 4 S. & R. 279 ; 13 S. & R. 71 ; 7 Barr 94. 
 
 6. As TO examination of arbitrators on, 1 Y. 77 ; 2 Y. 
 
 243. 
 
 IV. Power of court over. 
 
 1. Generally, 2 D. 101 ; 4 Y. 336 ; 1 B. 43; 2 B. 583 ; 2 
 
 S. & R. 48 ; 8 S. & R. 391 ; 13 S. & R. 71 ; 2 R. 21 ; 
 2 P. & W. 300 ; 3 Barr 456; 1 J. 412 ; 2 J. 181; 9 S. 
 187, 308, 331; 16 S. 158. 
 
 2. When and for what referred back, 4 Y. 336, 533 ; 
 
 4 B. 296, 485; 3 W. & S. 37; IJ. 221. 
 
 V. When and for what set aside. 
 
 1. Without exceptions, 4 Y. 202. 
 
 2. For misconduct of arritrators, 1 D. 356; 4 D. 233, 
 
 272; 4Y. 35; 2 P. & W. 300; 4 C. 514; 5 C. 251; 
 10 C. 160; 2 J. 128; 8 Wr. 23; 9 S. 331. 
 
 3. For manifest mistake, 3 Y. 521; 3 R. 84; 4 R. 299; 
 
 2 P. & W. 300; 4 W. 63; 1 Barr 395; 5 C. 514; 3 
 Wr. 23. 
 
 4. For error in law, 1 D. 314, 487 ; 2 Y. 161 ; 3 Y. 521 ; 
 
 4 Y. 456 ; 7 Barr 94 ; 9 S. 187. 
 
 5. Where terms of submission were fraudulent, 9 S. 
 
 187. 
 
 6. Where declaration set forth no cause of action, 9 
 
 W. 192. 
 
104 AWAKD. 
 
 AWARD — continued. 
 
 7. For want of notice to parties, 1 D. 81 ; 1 S. & R. 
 
 434. 
 
 8. Foe hearing testimony ex parte, 1 D. 83, 187, 314 ; 
 
 4D. 272; 1 S. & R. 434. 
 
 9. For not requiring the best testimony in the case. 
 
 1 D. 316. 
 
 10. For making one report in two actions, 1 D. 356. 
 
 11. For allowing interest on unsettled account, 1 D. 
 
 314. 
 
 12. For making supplementary report at instance of 
 
 one of the parties, 1 d. 356. 
 
 13. For reporting after expiration of authority, 1 D. 
 
 356. 
 
 14. For including extraneous matters, 4 D. 73 ; 5 W. 
 
 481. 
 
 15. For delegating their power to others, 4 D. 73 ; 6 
 
 S. & R. 145. 
 
 16. Where case has not been heard by umpire, 4 D. 
 
 233, 271. 
 
 17. Where award is against two defendants for dis- 
 
 tinct SUMS, 3 P. & W. 44. 
 
 18. Where whole award cannot be enforced, 1 D. 364; 
 
 7 S. &R. 164; 7 Wr. 110. 
 
 19. Where manifest wrong has been done, 1 Y. 353; 2 
 
 Y. 161, 513; 3 Y. 48, 521 ; 4 Y. 513. 
 
 20. Where only facts are found, 7 S. & R. 228. 
 
 21. For directing payments in instalments, 4 S. & R. 
 
 452. 
 
 22. For directing payment of money in ejectment, 13 
 
 S. & R. 452. 
 
 23. Where award is not against all defendants 
 
 served, 6 S. & R. 281. 
 VI. Legal effect of. 
 
 1. Equivalent to verdict, 1 D. 338 ; IJ. 41 ; 2 H. 342 ; 
 
 6 C. 384 ; 2 Wr. 9, 239 ; 8 Wr. 23. 
 
 2. As TO lien, 1 D. 358; 2 S. & R. 286 ; 4 W. 71 ; 1 W. 
 
 & S. 283 ; 5 W. & S. 9 ; 8 W. & S. 99 ; IJ. 41 ; 2 H. 
 342; 6 0. 384; 15 S. 189. 
 As to title of parties, 4 D. 120, 122, 124; 1 S. & R. 165; 
 15 S. &R. 169; 1 Wh. 522. 
 
AWAED. 105 
 
 AWARD — continued. 
 
 As to boundary lines, 6 B. 34, 333 ; 15 S. & R. 165 ; 4 
 
 R. 411 ; 7 W. 311, 601 ; 2 H. 399 ; 3 H. 23. 
 As to set off, 3 Wh. 601 ; 5 W. & S. 165, 506. 
 As against one of several defendants, 6 S. & R. 34 ; 7 W. 
 
 448. 
 As to nonsuit, 1 S. & R. 146; 7 W. 362; 1 W. & S. 
 
 283; 2 W. & S. 233; 5 W. & S. 9, 371; 7 W. & S. 
 
 171. 
 Against two defendants after appeal by one, 17 S. & R. 
 
 295. 
 After withdrawal of appeal, 11 S. & R. 155. 
 As to subsequent suit or action, 2 Y. 40 ; 4 S. & R. 279 ; 
 
 11,S. & R. 146; 7 W. 362; 2 W. & S. 233; 5 W. 
 
 6 S. 9; 1 Gr. 437; 20 S. 195. 
 
 Against a firm under service on one partner, 2 P. & W. 
 
 427. 
 When void in part, 7 W. 205 ; 20 S. 195. 
 
 VII. Admissibility of in evidence, 1 Y. 509 ; 4 Y. 491 ; 6 
 
 B. 130 ; 3 W. 301 ; 3 Wh. 601 ; 3 S. & R. 204 ; 1 Wr. 330. 
 
 VIII. Confirmation of, 1 D. 174 ; 2 D. 157 ; 4 D. 188 ; 2 Y. 
 41; 3 Y. 149; 1 B. 484; 2 B. 583; 2 S. & R. 48, 281; 
 
 2 R. 301; 3 W. 270; 4 W. 71; 5 W. 9, 474; 1 W. & S. 
 283; 8 W. & S. 99 ; 9 S. 308 ; 15 S. 300. 
 
 IX. Judgment on, 1 D. 174; 2 D. 157; 4 D. 188; 2 Y. 41; 
 
 3 Y. 149; 1 B. 484; 2 S. & R. 280; 2 R. 301; 3 W. 
 320; 4 W. 474; 1 W. & S. 283; 5 W. & S. 9 ; 8 W. 
 & S. 99; 2 J. 344; 5 H. 411; 7 0. 498; 9 0. 183; 10 
 
 C. 315; 1 Wr. 394; 3 S. 424, 464; 15 S. 300; 16 S. 
 158. 
 
 X. Interest on, 2 D. 101; 1 Y. 480; 4 C. 211; 6 C. 340. 
 XL Costs on, 1 Y. 252; 1 B. 61; 2 B. 287; 3 B. 223; 4 
 
 B. 5; 14 S. &R. 345; 9 S. 331. 
 
 XII. Transfer of record to another county. 4 Barr 291 ; 
 8 Barr 97, 182; 4 H. 348, 346; 6 H. 310;' 12 H. 297; 
 13 Wr. 419; 2 Gr. 254; 1 S. 116. 
 
 XIII. Enforcement of. 
 
 1. By action, 3 W.320 ; 2 W. & S. 56; 5 W. & S. 562; 3 
 
 Barr 144; 7 Barr 134; 2 C. 327; 7 Wr. 110; 9 Wr. 
 
 189; 20 S. 195. 
 
 Not within Statute of Limitations, 14 S. 79. 
 
 Evidence proper in, 2 Y. 40 ; 4 S. & R. 279; 11 S. & 
 
 R. 146 ; 16 S. & R. 135, 169, 172; 1 P. & W. 364; 
 
 7 W. 362; 4 Wh. 81; 2 W. & S. 233; 5 W. & S. 
 9 ; 3 Barr 144 ; 2 C. 327 ; 1 Wr. 380. 
 
106 AWAKD— BAIL. 
 
 AWARD — continued. 
 
 Competency of witness in, 9 Barr 254 ; 9 Wr. 189. 
 
 2. By attachment, 1 D. 364, 365. 
 
 3. By attachment execution. See Attachment Exe- 
 
 cution. 
 
 4. By fieri facias, 1 D. 364, 365 ; 2 Y. 274 ; 3 Y. 149; 
 
 6 B. 174; 1 S. & R. 411; 3 S. & R. 395; 8 S. & R. 
 526; 3 W. 29; 4 Wh. 345; 1 W. & S. 288; 6 Barr 
 430 ; 10 C. 160 ; 3 Gr. 135 ; 15 S. 189. See also 
 Fieri Facias. 
 
 XIV. Errors and omissions cured by, 4 Y. 129 ; 10 S. & 
 R. 227; 13 S. & R. 231; 3 W. 126; 4 W. 11; 9 Barr 
 
 487. 
 
 XV. Writ of error on, 2 B. 528; 3 S. & R. 395; 6 S. & 
 R. 34, 145 ; 7 S. & R. 284 ; 5 R. 227 ; 2 P. & W. 440, 
 495; 3 W. 212; 7 W. 356; 7 Barr 94; 9 Barr 223; 1 
 J. 181, 412; 4 C. 211; 7 C. 498; 10 0. 160; 14 Wr. 
 257 ; 11 S. 379. 
 
 Waiver of error, 5 0. 283. 
 
 BACKING WATER. See Watercourse. 
 
 BAGGAGE. 
 
 1. Of passengers, liabiaity for, 2 D. 275; 5 R. 179; 3 
 
 Barr 451; 4 H. 68; 9 Wr. 208. 
 
 2. Proof of contents of lost, 3 Barr 451. 
 
 BAIL. 
 
 I. In civil case. 
 
 1. Common, 2 Y. 26; 3 Y. 2.56, 560; 4 Y. 193. 
 Motion to discharge on, 2 D. Ill ; 3 Y. 560. 
 
 2. On appeal. See Appeal. 
 
 3. For stay of execution. See Execution. 
 
 4. Special. 
 
 Where questions as to, are cognizable, 1 D. 111. 
 Affidavit in, 1 D. 131, 139; 1 Wh. 320; 2 Wh. 498. 
 Practice as to holding defendant to, 2 D. 331; 1 Y. 371; 
 
 2 Y. 26, 280, 350, 482, 535; 3 Y. 56; 4 Y. 216 ; 3 
 
 B. 212, 280; 6 B. 302; 2 S. & R. 421; 5 S. & R. 
 
 399; 3R. 272. 
 Notice of, 3 Y. 168. 
 Form of recognisance in, 1 P. & W. 150; 6 W. 26; 9 
 
 W. & S. 142; IJ. 293. 
 Under Act of ISHQ; 6 W. & S. 566. 
 
BAIL. 107 
 
 BAIL — continued. 
 Exception to. 
 
 Waiver of, 6 W. & S. 566; 4 Barr 455; 7 Barr 533. 
 Justifying of, 4 D. 205; 3 B. 461; 6 W. & S. 566. 
 Moderating of, 2 Y. 162 ; 3 Y. 83. 
 Waiver of bail, 2 D. 141; 1 Y. 103; 2 B. 232; 6 B. 32 ; 
 2 S. & R. 421; 5 S. & R. 419; 11 S. & R. 9. 
 
 5. Rights of bail. 
 
 As against principal, 1 Y. 347 ; 2 Y. 268 ; 3 Y. 37 ; 4 
 
 Y. 125; 1 B. 497; 5 S. & R. 399; 9 S. & R. 24; 6 
 
 W. 404. 
 To subrogation. See Subrogation. 
 To require counter security, 9 Barr 366. 
 As to bail piece, 6 W. 402. 
 To surrender principal, 4 W. 358; 1 Barr 495. 
 To stay suit on bail bond, 1 D. 131; 4 B. 344; 2 S. & 
 
 R. 244. 
 To exoneration on bail bond, 1 D. 231; 2 D. 79, 256; 2 
 
 Y. 99, 435; 1 B. 497; 5 B. 332, 381, 507; 6 B. 
 
 389; 9 S. & R. 24; 3 W. 376; 9 W. 288; 4 Barr 
 
 235. 
 Defence by to action on bail bond, 3 W. 376 ; 5 W. 95, 
 
 418; 8 W. 132. 
 Under Act of 1842, 2 B. 492; 1 Barr 491; 1 H. 86. 
 To assignment of judgment against principal, 8 Barr 249. 
 
 6. Liability of. 
 
 To suit on bail bond or recognisance, 2 Y. 418 ; 4 B. 
 
 344; 2 S. & R. 284; 7 W. 292 ; 7 H. 174. 
 To lien of bond and recognisance, 1 D. 132 ; 4 Y. 308. 
 On irregular statutory obligation, 5 W. 468 ; 8 W. 388. 
 Under Landlord and Tenant Act, 10 W. 393. 
 Under Act of 1842, 1 Barr 491 ; 2 Barr 492 ; 1 H. 80, 86. 
 For costs in action on bail bond, 9 W. 288. 
 
 7. Bail piece. 
 
 Effect of discharge from arrest on, 4 Barr 231. 
 Effect of Act of 1842 on, 2 Barr 491. 
 Deputation of authority to execute, 6 W. 402. 
 Right of surety to, 6 W. 402. 
 IL In criminal oases. 
 
 Rule as to holding more than once for same offence, 4 Y. 
 
 208. 
 Rule as to entry of, for offence in another county, 1 Gr. 
 
 218. 
 Party T%hen held to, 2 D. 345; 3 Y. 266; 4 Y. 125. 
 Release of party in, 2 D. 18; 4 Y. 126. 
 Surrender of accused, 3 D. 478. 
 
108 BAILMENT— BAILEE. 
 
 BAILMENT. 
 
 1. Implied contract in, 4 Wr. 446; 7 S. 247. 
 
 2. Distinguished from conditional sale, 14 S. & R. 214; 
 
 2 P. & W. 478; 7 W. 260, 375; 7 W. & S. 373; 1 Barr 
 195 ; 7 Barr 89 ; 10 Barr 217 ; 8 Wr. 431 ; 1 S. 26 ; 7 
 S. 346; 9 S. 469; 12 S. 193; 13 S. 18; 14 S. 499. 
 
 3. Of goods for manufacturjj) and return, 2 Wr. 399; 11 
 
 Wr. 398; 12 S. 193. 
 
 4. Of goods for safe keeping, 12 S. 47. 
 
 5. Without hire, 12 S. 47. 
 
 6. Onus of proof in case of loss or injury, 6 Barr 417. 
 
 7. Protection of bailor from creditors of bailee, 2 P. & 
 
 W. 479; 7 W. 375; 4 W. & S. 177; 10 Barr 217; 1 S. 
 26; 9 S. 469. 
 
 BAILOR. 
 
 L Rights of, 2 P. & W. 481; 7 W. 375; 6 Wh. 418, 443; 
 
 1 Barr 190; 10 Barr 217; 1 J. 267; 2 J. 229; 13 Wr. 
 
 494; 3 S. 204. 
 IL Liability of, 7 W. 375; 2 C. 482; 4 Wr. 446. 
 
 BAILEE. 
 
 I. Rights of. 
 
 1. As against bailor, 2 P. & W. 166; 2 W. & S. 392; 7 
 
 W. & S. 466; 2 S. 522. 
 
 2. As against strangers, 3 B. 437; 4 W. 414; 7 W. 
 
 375, 466; 2 W. & S. 392; 6 W. & S. 243. 
 
 3. As to trust property, 4 Wr. 446; 13 Wr. 494. 
 
 4. To LIEN, 9 C. 151 : 11 Wr. 23, 398, 522 ; 8 S. 414, 418; 
 
 12 S. 251. 
 
 5. To ENFORCE LIEN BY SALE, 8 S. 418. 
 
 6. To testify, 3 Barr 342. 
 
 IL Duties of, 1 J. 267; 8 H. 130; 8 C. 212; 8 S. 414. 
 III. Liability of. 
 
 1. General rules as to, 8 C. 212; 3 S. 205; 7 S. 247. 
 
 2. As TO trust property, 4 Wr. 446; 13 Wr. 494. 
 
 3. As TO collateral securities held by, 1 Wr. 412; 2 
 
 Wr. 98; 4 Wr. 302; 10 Wr. 504; 11 Wr. 249, 280; 
 
 13 Wr. 494. 
 
 4. Under revised criminal code, 14 Wr. 181. 
 
 5. When for hire, 5 R. 179; 2 P. & W. 166 ; 4 W. 414; 
 
 7 W. 542; 9 W. 556; 6 Barr 417; 8 C. 208, 212; 3 
 S. 205; 8 S. 414. 
 
BAILEE— BANKING COMPANIES. 109 
 
 BAILEE — continued. 
 
 6. When voluntary, 14 S. & R. 275; 3 S. 205; 12 S. 47. 
 
 7. To STRANGERS, 7 W. 375; 9 W. 556. 
 
 8. To FORFEITURE OF LIEN, 12 S. 251. 
 
 9. For negligence. See Negligence. 
 
 BAILIFF. 
 
 1. Distinguished from receiver, 1 D. 340. 
 
 2. Action against. See Account Render. 
 
 BALL, JOSEPH. 
 
 Estate of, act relative to construed, 1 C. 375. 
 
 BALANCED INTEREST OF WITNESS. See Witness. 
 
 BANKING. 
 
 1. Act of 1824 relative to construed, 2 W. & S. 190. 
 
 2. Act of 1822 relative to construed, 4 S. & R. 356; 5 
 
 S. &R. 256; 17 S. & R. 64.. 
 
 BANKING COMPANIES. 
 
 I. Incorporation of. 
 
 I. Construction of charter, 7 H. 144. 
 
 II. Rights of. 
 
 1. To issue notes, 4 B. 418; 12 S. & R. 237; 4 R. 185; 
 
 4Barr 324; 8 W. & S. 342. 
 
 2. To RECEIVE deposits, 3 H. 172, 175. 
 
 3. To HOLD REAL ESTATE, 7 S. & R. 320, 322 ; n S. & R. 
 
 411. 
 
 4. As TO RECEIPT OF PAYMENT IN REAL ESTATE, 11 S. & R. 
 
 417; 15 S. & R. 31. 
 
 5. To DISCOUNT, 2 W. & S. 190 ; 4 0. 379. 
 
 6. To TRANSFER NOTE BEFORE MATURITY, 4 Wr. 190. 
 
 7. To SUE ON NOTES LEFT FOR COLLECTION, 11 S. & R. 179. 
 
 8. To TRANSFER OVER DUE NOTE OR BILL, 9 Wr. 488. 
 
 9. As AGAINST FORGED CHECKS, 4 D. 234. 
 
 10. To TRANSFER NOTE AS AGAINST ENDORSER, 4 Wr. 190. 
 
 11. As TO CLAIM V. DECEDENT, 2 S. & R. 114. 
 
 12. To BE SUED AT PLACE OF LOCATION, 5 W. & S. 379. 
 
 13. To PLEAD Statute of Limitations in action for pen- 
 
 alty, 2 C. 451. 
 
 14. To HOLD STOCK FOR CLAIM V. DEBTOR, 8 S. & R. 73 ; 12 
 
 S. & R. 77; 15 S. & R. 140; 17 S. & R. 285; 4 R. 
 
no BANKING COMPANIES. 
 
 BANKING COMVA'NI'ES— continued. 
 
 384; 2 W. 136; 5 Barr 345; 6 Barr 51, 845; 6 H. 
 155 ; 5 C. 146 ; 11 C. 463 ; 2 Wr. 136 ; 3 Wr. 489 ; 
 4 Wr. 278; 6 Wr. 500; 10 Wr. 88 ; 14 Wr. 67. 
 
 III. Duties op. 
 
 1. As TO TRANSMISSION OF BILLS FOR COLLECTION, 4 E,. 384. 
 
 2. As TO REDEMPTION OF NOTES, 2 0. 451 ; 3 Wr. 103. 
 
 3. As TO NOTICE OF NON-PAYMENT OF BILLS AND NOTES, 3 
 
 Barr 399. See Bills and 'Notes. 
 
 4. Lien of on stock, enures to benefit of sureties, 2 
 
 W. 136 ; 6 Barr 51 ; 10 Wr. 88. 
 
 IV. Liability of. 
 
 1. To depositors, 4 D. 234; 8 W. & S. 15; 3 H. 172; 3 
 
 Wr. 92. 
 
 2. To OWNER OF destroyed BANK NOTE, 9 Wr. 419. 
 
 3. As to collections, 4 R. 385; 10 Barr 104. 
 
 4. On endorsement by cashier, 4 R. 384 ; 1 W. & S. 
 
 101, 106; 3 W. & S. 373, 376; 3 H. 172; 19 S. 415. 
 
 5. For not keeping notes at par, 2 C. 451 ; 2 Gr. 384. 
 
 6. For admissions made by officers, 9 Barr 28. 
 
 7. For mistakes of officers, 2 Wr. 135. 
 
 8. On notice served on director, 10 W. 397 : 9 Barr 
 
 27. 
 
 9. For acts of board of directors, 10 W. 397. 
 
 10. For usury, 4 C. 379, 383, 391. 
 
 11. For neglect of notary, 4 Wh. 105. 
 
 12. To payment of interest as penalty for omitting to 
 
 report to auditor-general, 14 Wr. 201. 
 
 13. For fraud of drawer of note discounted, 2 W. & S. 
 
 190. 
 
 14. To taxation, 2 P. & W. 27, 438 ; 8 W. 389 ; 10 Barr 
 
 442 ; 7 H. 144 ; 1 Wr. 340 ; 3 Wr. 103 ; 1 Gr. 35. 
 
 15. To FORFEITURE OF CHARTER, 4 C. 383, 391. 
 
 16. To ATTACHMENT FOR CONTEMPT, 12 Wr. 419. 
 
 17. For certified check, 3 Wr. 92. 
 
 18. For mispayment on checks, 12 S. 88. 
 
 V. Assignment by. 
 
 1. Statute relative to construed, 17 S. & R. 64 ; 5 W. 
 & S. 223; 16 S. 148. 
 
BANKING COMPANIES— BANK CHECKS. Ill 
 
 BANKING COMFAl^IES— continued. 
 
 2. Effect of, 2 D. 214 ; 1 Y. 344, 399 ; 8 H. 19 ; 12 
 
 Wr. 18. 
 
 3. Preference among creditors of, 8 Wr. 103. 
 
 4. Duty of assignee of, 6 H. 395 ; 8 C. 474 ; 3 Wr. 103 ; 
 
 12 Wr. 13. 
 
 5. Report of auditors as nature of insolvency, 16 S. 
 
 148. 
 
 6. Issue to try fact of fraudulent insolvency, 16 S. 
 
 148. 
 
 BANK BOOKS. 
 
 1. Effect of entry in, 4 D. 234; 12 S. & R. 49; 1 R. 152; 
 
 4R. 384; 1 C. 288; 9 C. 184. 
 
 2. Explanation of by parol, 10 Barr 104. 
 
 BANK CHECKS. 
 
 1. Distinguished from bill op exchange, 20 S. 475. 
 
 2. Effect of credit for forged or worthless, 4 D. 234 ; 
 
 1 B. 27; 1 Wh. 278; 2 S. 206; 15 S. 116; 16 S. 435. 
 
 3. Parol explanation of, 4 Barr 496 ; 10 S. 170. 
 
 4. Presumption as to, 1 H. 178 ; 6 H. 357; 5 C. 128, 448 ; 
 
 10 S. 170 ; 12 S. 88. 
 
 5. Negotiability of, 4 Wh. 452. 
 
 6. When taken on credit of endorser, 6 H. 357. 
 
 7. When an appropriation of fund, 10 Wr. 410. 
 
 8. Effect op payment op by drawer, 6 H. 361. 
 
 9. Effect of, certified, 3 Wr. 92. 
 
 10. Right of holder against drawer, 9 S. & R. 125; 7 C. 
 
 100. 
 
 11. Days of grace on, 20 S. 474. 
 
 12. Effect of part payment of, 9 S. & R. 125. 
 
 18. Inference from delivery of post dated, 20 S. 474. 
 
 14. Payment made by, 4 D. 284; 1 B. 26; 7 S. & R. 116; 2 
 
 Barr 376 ; 5 C. 448. See Payment. 
 
 15. Attachable, 5 H. 440 ; 10 Wr. 410. 
 
 16. Holder of when a depositor, 3 Wr. 92. 
 
 17. Action on, 3 Wr. 96 ; 4 Wh. 252. 
 
 18. Fraudulent, 4 D. 234; 1 B. 27; 1 Wh. 278; 2 S. 206; 
 
 15 S. 116; 16 S. 435. 
 
 19. Liability op bank por mispayment on, 12 S. 88. 
 
112 BANK DEPOSITS— BANK NOTES. 
 
 BANK DEPOSITS. 
 
 1. What are, 6 W. & S. 227 ; 3 H. 172 ; 3 Wr. 92. 
 
 2. Implied contract as to, 3 Wr. 92 ; 7 S. 202. 
 
 3. Proof of, 12 S. & R. 49; 9 C. 134. 
 
 4. By agent, 6 Wr. 536; 8 Wr. 253; 10 Barr 61; 7 S. 207. 
 
 5. Br partners, 5 Wr. 605. 
 
 6. Negotiability op certificate of, 6 W. & S. 227 ; 8 W. 
 
 &S. 361; 4 C. 452; 12 C. 498. 
 
 7. May be attached by creditor op depositor, 6 Wr. 536; 
 
 8 Wr. 253 ; 14 S. 236. 
 
 8. Payment of to real owner, 10 Barr 61 ; 6 Wr. 536. 
 
 9. When equivalent to tender of money, 5 Wh. 504. 
 
 10. Forged endorsement on certificate of, 8 W. & S. 353. 
 
 11. Laches in presenting negotiated certificate of, 8 W. 
 
 6 S. 353. 
 
 BANK DIVIDENDS. 
 
 Taxation of, 2 P. & W. 27, 438 ; 10 Barr 442 ; 1 H. 165 ; 
 
 7 H. 144; 1 Wr. 340 ; 3 Wr. 103. 8e& Taxation. 
 
 BANK DIRECTORS. 
 
 1. Powers of, 10 W. 397. 
 
 2. Liability of, 12 H. 13. 
 
 3. Service of notice on, 9 Barr 27 ; 10 Wr. 397. 
 
 BANK DISCOUNTS. 
 
 1. Taxation of, 10 Barr 442 ; 1 Wr. 346. 
 
 2. Usurious, 4 C. 379, 383, 391. See Usury. 
 
 BANK NOTES. 
 
 1. What are, 4 Barr 324. 
 
 2. Right of bank to issue, 4 B. 418; 12 S. & R. 237; 4 R. 
 
 185; 8 W. &S. 342; 4 Barr 324. 
 
 3. When par, 10 H. 479; 2 0. 451. 
 
 4. Payment of debts in, 1 W. & S. 92 ; 8 W. & S. 311 ; 8 
 
 C. 474. See Payment. 
 
 5. Validity of private, 4 R. 185. 
 
 6. Redemption of under Act of 1850, 2 C. 451. 
 
 7. Right of owner of destroyed, 'J Wr. 419. 
 
 8. Illegal issue, proof op, 4 Barr 324. 
 
 9. Recovery of in trover, 4 R. 185. 
 
BANK NOTES— BANK STOCK. 113 
 
 BANK 'NOTES— continued. 
 
 10. Larceny of. 
 
 Indictment for, 1 B. 201, 273; 3 B. 533; 4 S. & R. 194; 
 
 4 R. 185, 464. 
 Evidence on trial for, 1 B. 273. 
 Punishment for, 1 B. 273 ; 4 Barr 324. 
 
 11. Counterfeiting. See Counterfeiting. 
 
 BANK OFFICERS. 
 
 I. Appointment of, 14 S. & R. 405. 
 
 II. Bond of, 12 S. & R. 306 ; 14 S. & R. 405; 2 P. & W. 27. 
 
 III. Rights of. 
 
 1. To appeal for bank, 8 S. & R. 317. 
 
 2. To plead Statute of Limitations, 8 W. 16. 
 
 3. To TESTIFY, 10 Barr 61. 
 
 IV. Powers of. 
 
 1. Under Act op 1814, 12 S. & R. 256. 
 
 2. To BIND BANK BY CONTRACT, 1 W. & S. 101 ; 3 W. & S. 
 
 373 ; 6 W. & S. 285 ; 3 H. 172 ; 2 Wr. 135 ; 3 Gr. 
 135 ; 19 S. 426. 
 
 3. To DISCOUNT PAPER, 4 C. 379. 
 
 V. Duties op. 
 
 1. As TO TAX ON BANK, 2 P. & W. 27, 438; 10 Barr 442 ; 
 7 H. 144; 1 Wr. 340; 3 Wr. 103. 
 
 2. To CARRY OUT ORDERS OF BOARD OF DIRECTORS, 12 S. & 
 
 R. 256. 
 
 VI. Liability of. 
 
 1. To STOCKHOLDERS, 2 P. & W. 27. 
 
 2. To writ of INJUNCTION, 4 C. 379. 
 
 3. For dealing in stocks, 15 S. 496. 
 
 4. On bond, 12 S. & R. 306 ; 14 S. & R. 405 ; 2 P. & W. 
 
 27. 
 
 BANK STOCK. 
 
 1. Power of bank to prevent transfer of, 8 S. & R. 73 ; 
 
 12 S. & R. 77; 15 S. & R. 140; 17 S. & R. 285; 4 R. 
 384; 2 W. 136; 5 Barr 345; 6 Barr 51, 57 ; 6 H. 155; 
 5 C. 146; 11 C. 463; 2 Wr. 136; 3 Wr. 489; 4 Wr. 
 278 ; 6 Wr. 500; 10 Wr. 88; 14 Wr. 67. 
 
 2. A CHOSE IN ACTION, 10 Barr 326. 
 
 3. Transfer of, 4 Y. 377; 1 Wh. 361 ; 18 S. 88. 
 
 8 
 
114 BANK STOCK— BANKERS. 
 
 BANK STOCK— contimied. 
 
 4. Subject to attachment, 4 Y. 379 ; 1 B. 344 ; 3 B. 394 ; 
 
 low. 230; 1 H. 223. 
 
 5. 'Subject to execution, 6 Wh. 117. 
 
 6. What words in will will cover, 1 Wh. 361. 
 
 7. Taxation of, 8 W. 289 ; 1 Gr. 35. 
 
 BANK STOCKHOLDER. 
 
 I. Rights of. 
 
 1. To transfek stock, 8 S. & R. 73 ; 12 S. & R. 77 ; 15 
 
 S. & R. 140 ; 17 S. & R. 285 ; 4 R. 384 ; 2 W. 136 ; 
 5 Barr 345 ; 6 Barr 51 ; 3 Wr. 489 ; 4 Wr. 278 ; 10 
 Wr. 88. 
 
 2. To ACTION FOR REFUSING TO ALLOW TRANSFER, 8 S. & R. 
 
 73; 5 Barr 345 ; 6 H. 155 ; 11 C. 463. 
 
 3. to damages for wrongfully withholding, 2 c. 143. 
 
 II. Liability of. 
 
 1. To creditors of bank, 12 Wr. 13. 
 
 BANK OF NORTH AMERICA. 
 
 Power of to hold real estate, 7 S. & R. 313. 
 
 BANK OF PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 1. Charter construed, 3 W. & S. 173; 7 H. 144. 
 
 2. Taxation of, 7 H. 144. 
 
 3. Assignment by, 3 W. & S. 184 ; 8 C. 474. 
 
 BANK OF UNITED STATES. 
 
 I. Assignment of. 
 
 1. As to post notes, 10 H. 479. 
 
 2. Meaning of word "par" in, 10 H. 479 ; 2 C. 451. 
 
 II. Judgment against for want o;p affidavit of defence, 
 
 6 Wh. 585. 
 
 1. Interest on, 6 Wh. 585. 
 
 2. Notorial fees included in judgment, 6 Wh. 585. 
 
 III. Powers of. 
 
 1. As to obligations to Commonwealth, 5 H. 400. 
 
 BANKERS. 
 
 I. Rights of. 
 
 1. As TO collecting drafts, 4 R. 484; 5 Wr. 252. 
 
 II. Duties of. 
 
 1. As to acceptance of drafts and remittances, 2 Barr 
 350 ; 5 Wr. 252. 
 
BANKERS— BANKRUPTCY. 115 
 
 BA'NKERS— continued. 
 III. Liability op. 
 
 1. On bond to sbcurb notes, 2 W. & S. 463. 
 
 2. On receipt op remittance to cover drafts, 2 Barr 
 
 350. 
 
 3. For neglect to present note, 5 Wr. 823. 
 
 4. For neglect to report profits, 14 Wr. 201. 
 
 BANKRUPTCY. 
 
 I. British statutes construed, 2 D. 256. 
 
 II. Power of states to enact, 3 S. & R. 63. 
 
 III. United States, statutes op. 
 Statute of 1800, construed, 1 B. 263. 
 Statute of 1812, construed, 3 S. & R. 63. 
 Statute of 1841, construed, 4 Barr 284; 5 0. 485. 
 
 1. Application of to national banks, 6 S. 14. 
 
 2. Effect of on voluntary assignment for creditors, 
 
 7 W. & S 305 ; 2 Barr 146. 
 
 3. Effect of on judgment to prefer creditors, 6 Barr 
 487; 5 0.471; 18 S. 13. 
 
 IV. Acts of bankruptcy, 
 
 1. What are, 1 D. 390; 2 D. 126; 1 Y. 50; IB. 
 
 263 ; 6 W. & S. 128 ; 7 W. & S. 305 ; 1 Barr 420; 2 
 Barr 146, 487; 4 Barr 287; 6 Barr 487; 5 0. 471; 
 18 S. 13. 
 
 2. Who may prove, 4 D. 370 ; 5 W. & S. 9 ; 2 Barr 343 ; 
 
 8 Barr493; 4H. 450. 
 
 V. Petition in, 1 D. 385. 
 
 VI. Answer in, 4 W. & S. 393. 
 
 VII. Plea of "former discharge" in, 4 Barr 224; 12 H. 
 67. 
 
 VIII. Who may contest, 1 Y. 50. 
 
 IX. Assignment in, 1 Y. 345 ; 14 S. 75. 
 Set off in, 1 D. 273 ; 4 D. 370 ; 6 S. 14. 
 
 X. Preference as to lien creditors, 1 D. 373. 
 
 XI. Commission in. 
 
 1. Effect op fiat, 1 B. 263. 
 
 2. Notice of, 4 D. 370. 
 
 3. What will support, 2 D. 127. 
 
 4. Joint, 1 D. 390. 
 
116 BANKRUPTCY. 
 
 BA'NKRJJ'PTGY— continued. 
 
 XII. Commissioner. 
 
 1. Powers of, 1 Y. 245. 
 
 2. Assignment of debts due to bankrupt by, 1 Y. 245; 
 
 3 Y. 186. 
 
 XIII. Certificate in. 1 D. 382, 388, 390, 406 ; 2 D. 127 > 
 1 Y. 46, 530 ; 2 Y. 15, 95, 530 ; 3 Y. 529 ; 5 B. 247, 
 336; 8 W. & S. 183; 3 Barr 298; 4 Barr 138; 2 J. 
 156; 1 H. 197; 5 C. 478. 
 
 1. Basis of, 1 Barr 420 ; 9 Barr 180. 
 
 2. Effect of on debts of bankrupt, 2 Barr 343 ; 4 Barr 
 
 138 ; 8 Barr 493 ; IJ. 13; 2 H. 90 ; 1 C. 141. 
 
 3. Effect of on action pending, 8 Barr 426. 
 
 4. Effect of on rent, 10 Barr 120. 
 
 5. Effect of on surety of bankrupt, 2 Barr 343 ; 8 Barr 
 
 493; 8H. 440. 
 
 6. Effect of on dowee, 2 Gr. 84. 
 
 7. Effect of on joint defendant, 2 Barr 16. 
 
 8. Relates back to commencement of proceedings, 14 
 
 S. 74. 
 
 9. Impeachment of, 8 H. 19; 5 C. 478. 
 
 XIV. Assignee in. 
 
 1. Powers of. 
 
 Not within Act of 1847, 9 Barr 59. 
 
 To collect legacy due wife of bankrupt, 10 Barr 432. 
 
 2. Rights of. 
 
 Is not a purchaser, 9 Barr 60. 
 
 On distribution of insolvent estate in state court, 12 S. 
 
 498; 18 S. 13,454. 
 To action against bankrupt, 2 D. 213 ; 7 S. & R. 483. 
 
 3. Duties. 
 
 As to proof of ownership of property by bankrupt, 14 S. 74. 
 
 4. Liability of. 
 
 To service of attachment, 9 Barr 59. 
 
 On promise to refund attached fund, 3 Barr 109. 
 
 5. Sale by. 
 
 Effect on liens, 1 D. 273; 10 H. 406. 
 Title of vendee of, 3 Y. 184. 
 
 XV. Proceeding in. 
 
 1. When complete, 1 B. 263. 
 
 2. When evidence, 5 Barr 507. 
 
 3. Parol contradiction of, 16 S. 196. 
 
BANKRUPT— BANNS. 117 
 
 BANKRUPT. 
 
 I. Legal status of, 2 D. 214; 1 Y. 399. 
 
 II. Assignment by. 
 
 1. Domestic, 2 D. 214; 1 Y. 183, 245; 3 Y. 138, 184. 
 
 2. Foreign, 3 D. 409 ; 6 B. 353 ; 7 S. & R. 483; 5 W. 9. 
 
 3. "When evidence, 3 Y. 184 ; 1 B. 263. 
 
 III. Discharge of. 
 
 1. Effect of on joint debtors, 2 Barr 16. 
 
 2. Effect of on debts of bankrupt, 2 Barr 343 ; 8 Barr 
 
 493; IJ. 13; 2 H. 90 ; 1 C. 141. 
 
 3. Impeachment of, 8 H. 19 ; 5 0. 478. 
 
 4. Validity of payment to after, 14 S. 74. 
 
 IV. Acts of void as against assignee, 4 Barr 284 ; 6 Barr 
 133. 
 
 V. Rights of. 
 
 1. To earnings after commencement of peoceeding, 14 
 
 S. 74. 
 
 2. As to set-off, 1 D. 273; 4 D. 370. 
 
 3. To BE joined as plaintiff "WITH CO-PARTNER, 3 Barr 
 
 343. 
 
 4. To TESTIFY, 4 D. 127; 4 Y. 119, 126; 3 Barr 298. 
 
 VI. Privileges of, 1 Y. 525; 4 Y. 140; 5 B. 336; 14 S. 
 74. 
 
 VII. Powers of. 
 
 Before decree of bankruptcy, 9 Barr 180. 
 
 VIII. Liability of. 
 
 1. For perjury, 4 D. 327 ; 1 Y. 205. 
 
 2. To ARREST, 4 Y. 140; 5 B. 336. 
 
 3. To DISTRESS FOR RENT BEFORE DECREE, 8 W. & S. 305. 
 
 4. For concealing property, 5 C. 479. 
 
 5. For torts, 2 D. 214. 
 
 6. To execution on real estate, 1 Y. 183. 
 
 7. For liens on land of, 2 D. 159. 
 
 8. To action on promise after discharge of, 1 Y. 524 ; 
 
 2 Y. 15, 156; 5 B. 247; 6 B. 256; 1 S. & R. 339; 
 2 S. & R. 208 ; 2 R. 251 ; 5 Barr 369. 
 
 9. To surety for payments made after discharge, 2 
 
 Barr 343 ; 8 Barr 493 ; 2 H. 91. 
 
 BANNS. 
 
 Statute relative to publication of, not obsolete, 5 R. 209. 
 
118 BAR— BENEETCIAL SOCIETIES. 
 
 BAR. 
 
 Plea in judgment on demurrer to, 4 R. 83. 
 
 BARGAIN. 
 
 Meaning of in Defalcation Act, 1 Y. 514. 
 
 BARN. 
 
 What passes by devise of, 4 R. 339. 
 
 BARGAIN AND SALE. See Contract ; Deed. 
 
 BARRATRY CLAUSE. 
 
 In policy of insurance, 5 Wr. 386. 
 
 BARK INSPECTOR. 
 
 Fees of, 17 S. k R. 135. 
 
 BARRATRY. 
 
 1. What constitutes, 4 D. 294; 1 Y. 114; 2 B. 574. 
 
 2. Action against ship master for, 3 Y. 375. 
 
 BARRELS. 
 
 Meaning of in contract, 3 S. 168, 174. 
 
 BARREN DISTRESS. 
 
 No bar to action for rent, 3 Wr. 255. 
 
 BASTARD. See Illegitimate Child. 
 
 BASTARDY. 
 
 Indictment for. 
 
 1. Removal of to Supreme Court, 3 Y. B9. 
 
 2. Sentence, 8 Y. 39 ; 4 S. & R. 449. 
 
 BEES. 
 
 When subject, of larceny, 3 B. 546. 
 
 BELIEF. 
 
 Of witness when evidence, 8 W. 400. 
 
 "BENEFIT OF ALL MY REAL ESTATE." 
 Meaning of, 4 Y. 23. 
 
 BENEFICIAL SOCIETIES. 
 
 I. Requisites of charter, 6 C. 155 ; 11 C. 80, 151. 
 
 II. Members. 
 
 1. Qualification of, 11 C. 79, 151. 
 
 2. Rights of, 3 W. & S. 218; 4 Barr 519; 10 Barr 357; 
 
 7 C. 82. 
 
BENEFICIAL SOCIETIES— BILL OP DISCOVERY. 119 
 
 BENEFICIAL SOCIETIES— continued. 
 3. Liability of, 4 Barr 519. 
 
 III. Rights of society. 
 
 1. As to expulsion of members, 2 B. 441; 5 B. 486; 6 
 
 S. & R. 474; 3 H. 351. See also Corporation. 
 
 2. As TO enactment of by-laws, 20 S. 321. 
 
 IV. Liability op. 
 
 1. For relief, 3 W. & S. 218; 4 Barr 519; 10 Barr 357; 
 
 20 S. 321. 
 
 2. To mandamus, 8 H. 425; 7 C. 82; 2 S. 125. 
 
 BENNETT BRANCH IMPROVEMENT COMPANY. 
 
 Charter of, construed, 15 S. 254. 
 
 BEQUEATH. 
 
 Meaning of in will, 5 C. 314. 
 
 BEQUEST. See Legacy. 
 BETTING. See Wager. 
 
 BEYOND SEAS. 
 
 1. Meaning of, 2 D. 218; 1 Y. 329, 331; 9 S. & R. 288; 9 
 
 C. 374. 
 
 2. Rights of persons who are, 12 S. & R. 330. 
 
 3. Acts of 1718 and 1842 relative to, construed, 7 Barr 
 
 292. 
 
 BIAS OF WITNESS. See Witness. 
 
 BILL BROKER. 
 
 Definition of, 1 J. 468. 
 
 BILL OF CREDIT. See Letter of Credit. 
 
 BILL OF DISCOVERY. 
 
 1. Extent of remedy by, 7 W. & S. 219; 10 Barr 175; 1 
 
 S. 399; 6 S. 215; 12 S. 118. 
 
 2. Power of courts as to, 5 Wh. 466; 6 Wh. 141; 6 S. 
 
 215. 
 
 3. Oath on, when exhausted, 11 H. 481. 
 
 4. Duty of defendant as to answer, 10 Barr 174; 11 C. 
 
 51. 
 
 5. Demurrer to, 4 S. 318. 
 
 6. Lien of scire facias on, 10 H. 476. 
 
 7. Issue in, based on bill and answer, 6 S. 216. 
 
 8. Denial of discovery, no cause for dismissing bill, 4 
 
 S. 318. 
 
120 BILL IN EQUITY— BILL OP EXCEPTION. 
 
 BILL IN EQUITY. 
 
 I. Form of. 
 
 1. As TO PARTIES, 3 W. & S. 84; 7 H. 211; 12 H. 159; 2 
 C. 44 ; 4 C. 89 ; 6 C. 10 ; 13 Wr. 310, 311 ; 12 S. 218. 
 
 2. As TO SUBJECT-MATTER, 7 Wr. 244. 
 
 3. When multifarious, 7 S. 247; 12 S. 218. 
 
 4. To COMPEL conveyance of real estate. See Specific 
 
 Performance. 
 
 5. For injunction. See Injunction. 
 
 6. As to interrogatories, 9 H. 251. 
 
 7. As TO PRAYER FOR RELIEF, 12 S. 218. 
 
 8. Amendment OF, 2 D. 365; 12 H. 159; 6 S. 318; 14 S. 
 
 387. 
 
 II. Effect of. 
 
 1. On action of account render, 9 Wr. 67. 
 On proceeding in Orphans' Court, 9 C. 276. 
 
 IIL Limitation to, 12 H. 429; 3 C. 238. 
 
 IV. Abatement of. 
 
 1. By action at law for damages, 6 S. 413. 
 
 V. Withdrawal of, 3 Wr. 495. 
 
 VI. Hearing of, 3 Wr. 495. 
 
 VII. Decree on. 
 
 1. Judgment pro confesso, 4 Barr 93. 
 
 2. Dismissal, 2 D. 405, 415; 2 C. 78; 2 Wr.- 102; 11 
 Wr. 103, 520. 
 
 VIII. Costs on, 1 Wh. 275. 
 
 IX. When admissible in evidei^ce, 1 W. 149. 
 
 BILL OF EXCEPTION. 
 
 L Waiver op, 1 S. & R. 249; 3 R. 101; 3 S. 122. 
 IL Object op, 3 S. 122, 159 ; 9 S. 64. 
 IIL How procured, 4 Barr 317; 5 S. 28. 
 
 IV. Rules of court relative to, must be complied with, 
 8 H. 124; 11 H. 198; 12 H. 286; 1 C. 210, 273; 2 C. 
 335; 3 C. 504; 4 C. 119; 12 Wr. 168; 1 Gr. 396; 
 2 Gr. 267; 8 S. 372; 14 S. 495. 
 
 V. Form of. 
 
 1. To TESTIMONY, 3 D. 422; 4 Y. 504; 8 S. & R. 124, 
 211; 9S. & R. 74; 11 S. & R. 267; 17 S. & R. 343; 
 3R. 101; 4 R. 411; 5 Barr 183; 2 H. 100; 8 H. 
 95, 336, 354 ; 9 H. 228 ; 10 H. 118 ; 11 H. 178, 176 ; 1 
 
BILL OF EXCEPTION. 121 
 
 BILL OF EXCEPTION— con^mMei. 
 
 C. 289; 3 C. 144; 5 G. 477; 4 Wr. 160, 430; 5 Wr. 
 297, 305; 12 Wr. 176, 300; 3 Gr. 61; IS. 292; 3 S. 
 428; 9 S. 64; 12 S. 374; 13 S. 30, 156; 16 S. 91; 18 
 S. 158; 19 S. 453. 
 
 2. As TO DECREE ON AUDITOR'S REPORT, 18 S. 409. 
 
 3. To CHARGE OF THE COURT, 2 B. 308; 6 B. 455; 1 S. & 
 
 K. 298, 431; 3 S. & R. 228, 288; 10 S. & R. 114 ; 
 11 S. & R. 374; 14 S. & R. 121, 125; 1 W. & S. 68; 
 4 W. & S. 55, 71, 570; 6 W. & S. 386; 7 W. & S. 
 172; 3 Barr 44; 1 H. 384; 6 H. 578; 8 H. 124; 11 
 H. 334; 12 H. 72, 380, 384; 1 C. 203, 332, 428; 2 
 C. 281; 5 C. 477; 3 Gr. 61; 3 S. 122; 8 S. 371; 9 
 S. 84; 11 S. 361; 15 S. 211. 
 
 4. As TO ERROR IN PLEADING, 9 Barr 183; 4 0. 149. 
 
 5. Must raise no new matter, 2 B. 168; 5 S. & R. 246; 
 
 7 S. & R. 276, 277; 8 S. & R. 124; 13 S. & R. 29, 
 85; 3 W. 126; 6 W. & S. 343, 386; 2 Barr 153, 245; 
 7 Barr 23; 2 H. 10, 59, 342; 5 H. 389; 7 H. 339, 
 419; 9 H. 67; 1 0. 434; 4 C. 233; 10 0. 184; 2 Wr. 
 40; 4 Wr. 250, 515; 5 Wr. 297; 7 Wr. 350; 10 Wr. 
 316, 488 ; 11 Wr. 335 ; 1 Gr. 121 ; 2 Gr. 406 ; 3 S. 122. 
 
 6. Must appear op record, 5 C. 445; 1 Wr. 108; 2 Wr. 
 
 40, 137; 4 Wr. 160, 250, 430; 6 Wr. 198; 8 Wr. 
 110. 
 
 7. Must be definite, 1 J. 252; 4 H. 488; 6 H. 578; 7 
 
 H. 235; 8 H. 458; 10 H. 278; 11 H. 198; 12 H. 
 286; 1 C. 138; 5 C. 445. 
 
 8. Must appear in paper book, 8 H. 99; 1 C. 259; 2 C. 
 
 335 ; 14 Wr. 387. 
 
 9. Presumption as to papers named in, 7 S. & R. 275. 
 
 10. When inadmissible, 3 D. 422; 2 Y. 277; 1 B. 222; 
 
 2 B. 80, 234; 1 S. & R. 228; 4 S. & R. 494; 2 W. 
 285; 9 W. 47; 4 Wh. 334; 7 H. 137; 12 H. 286; 12 
 Wr. 9, 168; 2 Gr. 411. 
 
 11. Must be sealed by the judge, 13 S. & R. 85; 6 W. & 
 
 S. 386; 8 H. 183; 2 Wr. 56; 4 Wr. 515; 12 Wr. 
 168; 3 S. 122, 428. 
 
 12. When to be tendered, 4 D. 249; 1 Y. 92; 1 B. 38; 
 
 2 B. 239; 8 S. & R. 211; 1 P. & W. 303; 5 Wh. 
 336; 1 Barr 300; 3 Barr 44; 1 H. 90 ; 3 S. 122. 
 • 13. Effect of, 3 D. 38, 422 ; 4 D. App. XI.; 3 Y. 417 ; 3 
 S. 158. 
 14. In criminal case, 2 W. 285; 5 0. 429. 
 
122 BILL OF IINTERPLEADER— BILL OF REVIEW. 
 
 BILL OF INTERPLEADER. 
 
 1. Defined, 14 S. 313. 
 
 2. When it lies, 14 S. 313. 
 
 ' 3. Jurisdiction of Supreme Court in, 14 S. 313. 
 
 BILL OF LADING. 
 
 1. Implied contract in, 8 H. 171 ; 4 S. 77. 
 
 2. Parol explanation of, 6 H. 224; 4 S. 77. 
 
 3. Effect of clause limiting common law liability, 17 
 
 S. 311, 506. 
 4; Effect of clause, "consignee paying freight," 1 
 W. & S. 222 ; 3 Wr. 317. 
 
 5. When proof of ownership, 1 Wr. 170; 17 S. 443. 
 
 6. Rights of holder of, 4 B. 371: 12 H. 521; 11 C. 
 
 239. 
 
 7. Duty of holder, 4 B. 371. 
 
 8. Damages in action on, 12 S. & R. 183. 
 
 9. Transfer of, 2 D. 182; 1 B. 108; 6 S. & R. 429; 17 
 
 S. k R. 443; 12 H. 521; 11 C. 239; 20 S. 188, 190. 
 10. When evidence, 2 D. 180; 1 Y. 38, 106, 177; 3 Wh. 
 33; 12 H. 521; 1 C. 390. See Carriers. 
 
 BILL FOR LIQUORS. 
 
 Validity of, 6 H. 48. 
 
 BILL OF PARTICULARS. 
 
 1. Object of, 8 W. & S. 361; 5 Barr 53, 54. 
 
 2. Form of, 10 Barr 233. 
 
 3. Amendment of, 3 H. 324, 338. 
 
 4. When evidence, 4 R. 273. 
 
 BILL OF REVIEW. 
 
 1. Power of Orphans' Court to entertain, 11 S. 478. 
 
 2. Nature of, 7 H. 431; 2 C. 433, 470; 8 C. 324; 10 C. 
 
 173; 12 S. 318. 
 8. Who may apply for, 10 Barr 469; 2 Gr. 83; 12 S. 318. 
 
 4. When allowed, 7 H. 431, 433; 2 C. 470; 3 C. 42; 8 C. 
 
 818; 10 C. 258; 12 C. 70; 2 J. 260; 7 Wr. 612; 10 
 Wr. 131; 12 S. 318; 2 Gr. 83; 18 S. 412; 20 S. 410. 
 
 5. When refused, 6 Barr 402; 1 H. 492; 3 Wr. 186; 7 
 
 Wr. 512; 10 Wr. 131; 1 Gr. 366. 
 
 6. Form of, 10 0. 173, 258. 
 
 7. Proceedings on, 10 C. 258. 
 
BILL OP REVIEW— BILLS AND NOTES. 123 
 
 BILL OF UEYI^W— continued. 
 
 8. Answer to, 10 0. 258. 
 
 9. Effect of, 10 C. 173. 
 
 10. Account opened on after decree of distribution and 
 
 payment, 20 s. 411. 
 
 11. Decree on, 6 Wr. 453. 
 
 Special bill allowed by statute, 7 Wr. 512. 
 
 BILL OF SALE. 
 
 1. Rights of holder of, 10 S. & R. 419. 
 
 2. Duty of holder of, 10 S. & R. 419 ; 6 Wh. 53. 
 
 3. Liability of holder. 
 
 On alteration of, 10 S. & R. 419. 
 To prove consideration for, 12 S. 62. 
 Where there is apparent fraud, 12 S. 62. 
 
 4. Transfer of. 
 
 When not an assignment for creditors, 11 S. 64; 12 S. 
 
 37. 
 WTien evidence, 10 S. & R. 419. 
 When fraudulent, 9 Wr. 449 ; 11 S. 62, 64 ; 12 S. 37. 
 
 BILL SINGLE. 
 
 1. Right of holder of. 
 
 To testify, 2 Barr 46. 
 
 2. Liability of holder. 
 
 To set off, 2 Y. 541, 565 ; 9 S. & R. 137 ; 14 S. & R. 
 304; 16 S. &R. 18; IP. & W. 24; 2P. &W. 245; 
 1 Wr. 150. 
 
 3. Transfer of, 1 Y. 360 ; 4 W. 448 ; 9 W. 353, 357 ; 7 
 
 W. & S. 264; 6 Barr 327; 6 H. 434; 10 H. 26; 10 
 C. 142 ; 2 J. 269. 
 
 4. Equity of maker against assignee of, 1 Wr. 150. 
 
 5. Right of maker op. 
 
 To testify, 2 Barr 286, 425. 
 
 BILLS AND NOTES. 
 I. Parties to. 
 
 1. Agents, 5 Barr 333. 
 
 2. Associations, 4 S. & R. 350. 
 
 3. Corporations, 2 Barr 175. 
 
 4. Executors and administrators, 4 W. & S. 346. 
 
 5. Infants, 1 Barr 495. 
 
 6. Lunatics. See Lunatics and Drunkards. 
 
124 BILLS AND NOTES. 
 
 BILLS AND T<iOTES— continued. 
 
 7. Married women, 5 W. & S. 164 ; 3 H. 185. 
 
 8. Partners, 10 H. 80. 
 
 II. Larceny of, 4 Y. 69, 73. 
 
 III. Form of. 
 
 1. Resemblance between bills and notes, 1 D. 254, 255; 
 
 3 Gr. 299 ; 20 S. 474. 
 
 2. County orders are not, 1 Barr 154. 
 
 3. Presumption as to, 8 C. 423. 
 
 4. As to payee, 2 W. 134 ; 9 W. 353 ; 9 C. 240. 
 
 5. As to date, 7 S. & R. 505 ; 8 S. & R. 425. 
 
 6. As TO PLACE OP NEGOTIATION, 2 C. 257. 
 
 7. As TO PLACE OF PAYMENT, 2 W. 140 ; 2 W. & S. 458 ; 7 
 
 H. 200; 2 C. 257; 5 C. 529; 9 C. 134; 1 Gr. 204. 
 
 8. As TO TIME OF PAYMENT, 6 W. & S. 179, 399 ; .7 W. & 
 
 S. 264; 7 H. 200; 12 C. 105. 
 
 9. As TO WAIVER OF BENEFIT OF EXEMPTION LAW, 11 Wr. 
 
 202. 
 
 10. As TO CONTINSENCIES ABOUT PAYMENT, 2 Wh. 238; 7 
 
 H. 200; 11 S. 343. 
 
 11. As TO CONSIDERATION, 5 g. & R. 139 ; 5 W. 367 ; 2 W. 
 
 & S. 235, 458 ; 5 Barr 160 ; 4 H. 117 ; 9 H. 237 ; 7 
 C. 506 ; 8 C. 486 ; 10 C. 131, 142 ; 11 Wr. 202. 
 
 12. As TO MODE OF PAYMENT, 2 P. & W. 301 ; 7 W. 380 ; 1 
 
 H. 173 ; 2 H. 525 ; 1 Gr. 204 ; 8 S. 295. 
 
 13. Presumption as to address of drawer, 3 C. 249. 
 
 14. As TO NEGOTIABILITY, 1 D. 194, 196; 1 Y. 39; 3 Y. 
 
 333; 10 S. & R. 94: 2 W. 222; 4 W. 400; 2 Wh. 
 233; 6 W. & S. 227; 7 W. & S. 264; 8 W. & S. 361; 
 2 Barr 175; 3 Barr 346; 2 H. 206, 525; 10 H. 89; 
 
 4 C. 452; 5 C. 530; 7 C. 506; 9 C. 33, 240; 12 C. 
 498; 8 Wr. 454; 17 S. 421. 
 
 15. Meaning of month in, 6 W. & S. 179; 6 S. & R. 539. 
 
 16. Without defalcation, effect of, 2 P. & W. 245. 
 
 17. Days of grace, 6 W. & S. 179; 2 Barr 355; 3 Barr 
 
 346. 
 
 18. Illegal, 5 S. & R. 139; 2 W. & S. 235, 458; 9 Barr 
 
 13; 1 H. 601; 18 S. 174. 
 
 19. Execution of, 10 H. 89; 19 S. 204. 
 
 20. Forgery of, 1 B. 27; 5 W. & S. 587; 1 J. 307. 
 Leaving clear blank in which alteration might be made, 
 
 17 S. 82. 
 
BILLS AND NOTES. ' 125 
 
 BILLS AND NOT'ES— continued. 
 
 21. Delivery of, 4 D. 61; 5 Barr 254; 3 H. 255; 4 C. 
 
 241. 
 Delivery of, while in a state of drunkenness, 19 S. 204. 
 
 22. Alterations of, 3 Y. 891; 6 S. &. R. 308; 7 S. & R. 
 
 505; 10 S. & R. 70, 164; 2 P. & W. 132, 200 ; 4 Wh. 
 17; 5 Wh. 562; 2 W. & S. 438; 8 Barr 326; 9 Barr 
 186 ; 6 H. 347 ; 7 H. 119, 178 ; 10 H. 507 ; 3 C. 244 ; 
 8 C. 423; 11 C. 80, 448; 5 Wr. 214 ; 10 Wr. 259 ; 13 
 S. 187, 327; 17 S. 82; 18 S. 237. 
 
 23. Discount op, before maturity, 4 Wr. 186; 7 Wr. 120; 
 
 12 S. & R. 382. 
 
 24. Acceptance of. See post VIII. 
 
 25. Renewal of, what discounts are, 8 Wr. 423 ; 9 Wr. 
 
 49. 
 
 V. Payment of. 
 
 1. In currency. See Payment. 
 
 2. Where to be made, 3 0. 249. 
 
 3. Out of estate of decedent, 2 S. & R. 114; 10 S. & R. 
 
 10. 
 
 4. When to be made, 3 C. 249. 
 
 6. Presumption of, arising from possession of bill or 
 
 NOTE, 7 Wr. 120; 14 S. 119, 343. 
 6. By acceptor of bill, 4 Wr. 186; 8 Wr. 356. 
 
 VI. Attachment of, 6 H. 388. 
 
 VII. Transfer of. 
 
 1. Governed by commercial law, 2 Barr 103 ; 3 H. 238 ; 
 
 5 C. 530. 
 
 2. In fraud of law merchant, 11 S. & R. 388; 6 Wh. 
 
 232; 6 Barr 165; 3 II. 238; 5 C. 154; 5 AVr. 227 ; 
 8 Wr. 386; 5 S. 76. 
 Distinction between endorsement and assignment, 10 H. 
 185. 
 
 3. What are transferable, 1 D. 194, 196; 1 Y. 39; 10 
 
 S. & R. 94; 2 W. 222; 4 W. 400; 2 Wh. 233; 7 W. 
 
 6 S. 264. See also ante III. 14. 
 
 4. Presumption of, bona fide on, 6 Barr 164 ; 2 H. 14 ; 
 
 2 C. 259; 4 C. 294; 5 C. 366. 
 
 5. Implied warranty by, 18 S. 200. 
 
 6. Presumption as to time of, 4 Wh. 489; 1 J. 482; 5 C. 
 
 365. 
 
 7. Onus of .proving time of, 6 Barr 165. 
 
126 BILLS AND NOTES. 
 
 BILLS AND 'NOTES— continued. 
 
 8. When not within the usury law, 1 D. 216 ; 2 D. 
 
 92; 2 0. 259. 
 
 9. Proof of consideration for. See ante III. 11. 
 
 10. Without recourse, 8 W. & S. 353 ; 2 Barr 200, 355 ; 
 
 8 Barr 468; 2 H. 14 ; 10 Wr. 140. 
 
 11. Effect op on original consideration, 8 W. 265 ; 2 C. 
 
 259. 
 
 12. With guaranty, 8 W. 862; 1 W. & S. 203, 307 ; 8 H. 
 
 27; IJ. 464; 14 Wr. 441. 
 
 13. Explanation of, by parol, 6 H. 434. 
 
 14. On whose credit, 1 Y. 39. 
 
 15. Of overdue note, 4 D. 370; 3 Y. 360; 1 S. & R. 180; 
 
 8 S. & R. 315, 356; 1 R. 199, 227, 300, 340 ; 7 W. 
 180 ; 9 W. 353 ; 1 Barr 165 ; 2 Barr 103 ; 6 Barr 
 164; 2 J. 269; 1 H. 222, 444; 6 H. 361, 426, 433; 
 10 H. 185; 6 0. 143, 144; 12 0. 105; 7 Wr. 13, 
 120; 9 Wr. 488. 
 
 16. Of NGN negotiable paper, 1 Y. 360 ; 4 W. 448 ; 9 W. 
 
 353, 357 ; 7 W. & S. 264 ; 6 Barr 327 : 2 J. 269 ; 6 
 H. 434 ; 10 H. 26 ; 10 C. 142. 
 
 17. Manner of transferring. 
 
 By delivery, 1 D. 369 ; 4 B. 366 ; 1 W. & S. 418. 
 
 By gift, 5 II. 440. 
 
 By assignment, 6 S. & R. 537 ; 14 S. & R. 127 ; 2 W. 
 
 134; 3 H. 270; 10 H. 185; 4 Wr. 190; 14 Wr. 
 
 441. 
 By endorsement, 1 W. & S. 203 ; 3 H. 268, 270 ; 12 
 
 Wr. 113. 
 Explanation of by parol, 5 S. & R. 368 ; 10 S. & R. 
 
 290 ; 9 Barr 276 ; 6 H. 426 ; 7 H. 896. 
 Legal inference from, 6 W. & S. 227 ; 7 H. 396. 
 VIII. Acceptance of bill. 
 
 1. By parol, 6 Wr. 49 ; 12 Wr. 411 ; 1 S. 86. 
 
 2. By agent, 2 Wh. 233 ; 7 W. & S. 817. 
 
 8. To pay when in funds, 10 Barr 28 ; 1 H. 50 ; 11 C. 
 448. 
 
 4. By consignee of drawer, 10 Barr 28. 
 
 5. Of lost bill, 3 Y. 422, 442. , 
 
 6. Of foreign bill, 8 W. 545. 
 
 7. Of forged bill, 1 B. 27. 
 
 8. Supra protest, 3 H. 207 ; 4 Wr. 186. 
 
BILLS AND NOTES. 127 
 
 BILLS AND :N0TES— continued. 
 
 9. What acts are equivalent to, 4 Wr. 186 ; 5 Wr. 214; 
 6 Wr. 49 ; 12 Wr. 411. 
 
 10. Presentment foe, 1 D. 193, 234, 254, 278; 2 D. 78, 
 
 158, 192, 233 ; 1 Y. 531 ; 4 Y. 80 ; 1 J. 456 ; 3 H. 
 200 ; 3 C. 249 ; 6 C. 139 ; 5 Wr. 214, 322 ; 13 S. 404. 
 
 11. Effect op promise to accept, 3 H. 453-455 ; 4 Wr. 
 
 49 ; 6 Wr. 49 ; 12 Wr. 411 ; 1 S. 36. 
 
 12. Effect of on acceptor. 
 
 As to rights, 1 D. 254, 256 ; 2 D. 139 ; 11 C. 448. 
 
 As to duties, 5 H. 399 ; 7 C. 271 ; 4 Wr. 186 ; 8 Wr. 356. 
 
 As to liability, 2 D. 186, 148 ; 2 Y. 373, 480 ; 8 W. 545; 
 3 Wh. 281 ; 3 W. & S. 99 ; 7 W. & S. 331 ; 7 Barr 
 527 ; 10 Barr 28 ; IJ. 450 ; 1 H. 50 ; 7 C. 506 ; 11 
 C. 448 ; 4 Wr. 186 ; 8 Wr. 356 ; 12 Wr. 411 ; 1 
 S. 36. 
 
 13. Effect on endorser, 2 D. 148, 149. 
 
 14. Effect on payee, 2 D. 149. 
 
 15. Waiver of, 1 J. 456 ; 9 Wr. 222. 
 
 16. "Acceptance waived," meaning of, 9 Wr. 222. 
 
 17. Revocation of, 3 H. 200. 
 
 18. Right of party for time to deliberate before ac- 
 
 cepting, 14 S. 113. 
 
 19. Refusal to accept. 
 
 Demand, necessity for, 1 J. 456 ; 3 H. 200 ; 5 Wr. 214. 
 
 Form of protest, 1 D. 193. 
 
 Notice of, 1 D. 234, 270 ; 5 B. 541 ; 1 J. 456 ; 5 H. 
 
 399. 
 Averment and proof of, 2 D. 149 ; 3 D. 368, 424. 
 Effect of on drawer, 1 D. 149; 2 D. 136; 1 Y. 204; 8 
 
 Wr. 357. 
 Effect of on contract under which bill was drawn, 3 H. 
 
 200. 
 Effect of payment by acceptor, 4 Wr. 186 ; 8 Wr. 356. 
 
 20. For accommodation, 8 Wr. 356. 
 IX. Maker of note or bill. 
 
 1. Rights of. 
 
 As against acceptor, 7 Barr 527 ; 4 C. 506. 
 
 As against holder, 17 S. & R. 472, 473. 
 
 To notice of non acceptance of bill, 1 D. 234, 254 ; 5 B. 
 
 541 ; 1 J. 456 ; 5 H. 399. 
 On discount of before maturity, 12 S. & R. 382 ; 4 Wr. 
 186; 7 Wr. 120. 
 
128 BILLS AND NOTES. 
 
 BILLS AND 'NOTES— eontinued. 
 
 Competency of as witness, 2 Y. 17 ; 9 S. & R. 229 ; 1 R. 
 196 ; 9 W. 144 ; 2 Wh. 50 ; 3 W. & S. 557 ; 7 Barr 
 528; 6 Wr. 476; 1 Gr. 445; 3 Gr. 119. 
 
 2. Liability op, 1 D. 192, 441; 2 D. 136, 153, 250; 4 
 
 D. 47, 370 ; 1 Y. 39, 49 ; 1 S. & R. 32 ; 3 S. & R. 
 165 ; 10 S. & R, 94 ; 14 S. & R. 127 ; 2 W. 222 ; 7 
 W. 130, 328 ; 10 W. 130 ; 4 Wh. 487, 489 ; 2 W. & 
 S. 190; 6 C. 136; 9 C. 106; 1 Wr. 150; 4 Wr. 190; 
 6 Wr. 41; 7 Wr. 120 ; 11 Wr. 249 ; 3 Gr. 299 ; 4 S. 
 398; 19 S. 277. 
 
 3. What will release, 1 S. & R. 32, 398 ; 17 S. & R. 
 
 472, 473. 
 
 4. Proof of payment by, 7 Wr. 120 ; 14 S. 119, 343. 
 
 5. Effect of death op, on protest and notice, 7 C. 271. 
 X. Holder of. 
 
 1. Rights as assignee, 2 D. 144, 151, 250 ; 1 Y. 94, 99 ; 
 
 12 S. & R. 43 ; 1 H. 444 ; 3 H. 270 ; 10 H. 26; 4 
 G. 233 ; 8 Wr. 454 ; 17 S. 59. 
 
 2. Rights as endorsee. 
 
 Against original party. See ante IX. 2. 
 
 Against previous endorsers, 2 D. 193 ; 11 S. & R. 179 ; 
 
 9 W. 96, 273 ; 1 H. 444 ; 3 H. 238, 268, 270. 
 Against acceptor, 3 Wh. 281. 
 Of overdue paper, 1 Barr 165 ; 7 Wr. 137. See also 
 
 ante VII. 15. 
 Of foreign bill, 6 S. & R. 356. 
 To strike oif endorsements, 1 D. 193. 
 To funds remitted to meet bill, 2 G. 85. 
 Of note altered through carelessness of maker, 17 S. 82. 
 Against guarantor, 4 C. 233. 
 Presumption in favor of, 5 H. 447 ; 4 0. 233. 
 To time for notifying previous endorsers, 6 C. 139. 
 
 3. Duty of. 
 
 As to presentment, 1 D. 234, 254, 278, 193 ; 2 D. 78, 
 
 158, 192, 233 ; 1 Y. 531 ; 4 Y. 80 ; 9 S. & R. 125 ; 
 
 1 R. 335 ; 1 J. 466 ; 3 H. 200 ; 7 H. 396 ; 3 G. 
 
 249; 6 C. 139; 5 Wr. 214, 822; 13 S. 404. 
 As to enquiry into title of holder, 5 H. 448. 
 As to protest, 1 D. 193 ; 1 Y. 145 ; 3 Wh. 116 ; 5 Barr 
 
 178 ; 3 G. 249. 
 As to notice to previous parties, 2 D. 49, 158, 193, 233, 
 
 241 ; 1 Y. 145, 537 ; 5 S. & R. 318 ; 6 S. & R. 262, 
 
 399; 7 S. & R. 324; 16 S. & R. 89, 157; 3 R. 
 
 355 ; 3 W. 339 ; 9 W. 273 ; 3 Wh. 116 ; 2 W. & S. 
 
BILLS AND NOTES. 129 
 
 BILLS AND lii OTES— continued. 
 
 401; 2 H. 376; 5 H. 399; 7 H. 396; 12 H. 222; 
 
 6 Wr. 322. 
 Act of 1849 relative to, construed, 7 H. 396. 
 Date of notice, 2 R. 102 ; 2 Barr 315. 
 When unnecessary, 4 S. & R. 480 ; 3 W. 344 ; 4 W. 448 ; 
 
 3 Barr 399 ; 5 H. 399 ; 5 Wr. 322 : 9 Wr. 193 ; 
 1 S. 247 
 
 What will excuse, 1 D. 271 ; 4 D. 108 ; 1 S. & R. 332 ; 
 
 4 S. & R. 480; 3 R. 355. 
 
 How to be given, 1 D. 193 ; 1 Y. 145 ; 5 B. 641 ; 16 S. 
 
 & R. 126 ; 3 R. 355 ; 9 W. 279 ; 12 W. 261 ; 3 
 
 Wh. 116 ; 5 Barr 103, 160, 178 ; 7 H. 178 ; 9 H. 
 
 503 ; 3 C. 249 ; 11 C. 250 ; 5 Wr. 322 ; 9 Wr. 193. 
 When sufficient, 1 D. 234, 256, 271, 278 ; 2 D. 49, 78, 
 
 158, 193, 233, 241 : 4 D. 109, 127, 151, 163 ; 1 Y. 
 
 145, 631 ; 5 B. 446 ; 5 S. & R. 132, 318 ; 6 S. & 
 
 R. 489 ; 7 S. & R. 324 ; 16 S. & R. 89, 126, 167 ; 
 
 1 R. 335 ; 3 R. 365 ; 3 W. 339 ; 4 W. 328, 448 ; 5 
 
 W. 264 ; 8 W. 401 ; 9 W. 273 ; 10 W. Ill ; 3 Wh. 
 
 116, 118 ; 5 Wh. 487 ; 6 Wh. 414, 415 ; 5 W. & S. 
 
 33 ; 6 W. & S. 262, 264, 324; 399 ; 8 W. & S. 14, 
 
 138 ; 2 Barr 356 ; 5 Barr 160, 178 ; 9 Barr 178 ; 2 
 
 H. 483; 7 H. 178; 11 H. 472; 12 H. 148; 3 C. 
 
 249 ; 6 C. 143 ; 7 C. 271 : 11 C. 250, 492 ; 2 Wr. 
 
 307 ; 3 Wr. 388 ; 4 Wr. 190, 278 ; 5 Wr. 322 ; 8 
 
 Wr. 142; 10 Wr. 88; 13 Wr. 359; 19 S. 406. 
 Proof of service of, 8 S. & R. 425 ; 3 R. 365 ; 5 W. 
 
 87; 2 W. & S. 529, 670; 3 Barr 474; 5 Barr 160; 
 
 9 S. 79. 
 When notice a question of law, 5 W. & S. 98; 6 W. & S. 
 
 401 ; 7 W. & S. 264 ; 5 Barr 178 ; 12 H. 222 ; 9 S. 79. 
 When a question of fact, 1 E. 256; 16 S. & R. 79 ; 3 P. 
 
 & W. 18 ; 3 Wh. 116 ; 6 Barr 178 ; 9 S. 79. 
 Substitute for, 9 C. 134. 
 Waiver of, 10 W. Ill; 10 Barr 103; 5 H. 303; 9 C. 
 
 134 ; 12 C. 538 ; 7 Wr. 99 ; 12 Wr. 261 ; 1 S. 247 ; 
 
 14 S. 406, 409. 
 Proof of delivery of by letter carrier, 9 S. 79. 
 Eifect of notice on maker, 3 Wh. 116. 
 Effect of notice on endorser. See post, XI. 3. 
 
 4. Liability of. 
 
 To defalcation, 1 D. 441 ; 1 S. & R. 180, 334 ; 6 S. & 
 R. 537; 12 S. & R. 265; 14 S. & R. 127; 7 W. 
 328, 369 ; 3 Wh. 282 ; 6 W. & S. 369 ; 2 Barr 103; 
 3 H. 238. 
 
130 BILLS AND NOTES. 
 
 BILLS AND l^OTES— continued. 
 
 To action by endorsee, 10 W. 111. 
 
 For misapplication of proceeds of bill or note, 5 C. 365. 
 For error of bank oflficer, 12 Wr. 249. 
 To be called on to prove bona fides, 17 S. & R. 470. 
 What acts of Tvill relieve previous parties, 4 D. 276 ; 9 
 S. &R. 229; 2 Wr. 307. 
 XL Endorser. 
 
 1. Rights of. 
 
 As to previous endorsements, 1 D. 147, 193 ; 9 S. & R. 
 
 229; 12 H. 148. 
 To action against previous parties, 4 Y. 436 ; 9 S. & R. 
 
 193; 9 W. 96,139; IJ. 41 ; IH. 273; 12 H. 222. 
 To notice of dishonor. See ante, X; 3. 
 To notice of change in liability of parties, 6 Barr 501. 
 To prove payment of note, 9 Barr 81 ; 2 Wh. 253. 
 To prove payment of judgment on note, 1 J. 41. 
 To prove ability of maker at maturity, 1 W. & S. 101. 
 To defend on ground of usury, 12 H. 435. 
 To plead want of consideration, 3 Barr 381 ; 2 H. 525 ; 
 
 8 H. 384; 6 0. 25U. 
 To plead want of due diligence in ascertaining residence 
 
 of maker, 12 H. 222. 
 Against fraudulent holder, 3 P. & W. 250. 
 Where time has been given to maker, 3 P. & W. 439 ; 1 
 
 W. 143 ; 4 W. 446 ; 6 Wh. 446 ; 11 C. 492. 
 When not a party to the note, 4 W. 449 ; 1 J. 460 ; 1 
 
 H. 444; 4 C. 189, 193, 447; 5 C. 529; 10 C. 58. 
 To subrogation, 1 P. & W. 395 ; 9 W. 451 ; 6 Barr 51 ; 
 
 4 Wr. 278. 
 To contribution, 4 C. 233. 
 To testify in suit on note, 3 Wr. 279, 489; 10 Wr. 504. 
 
 2. Duty of. 
 
 To take up bill or note on non-payment, 7 W. & S. 375. 
 To know residence of maker, 6 W. & S. 262. 
 
 3. Liability of endorser generally, 3 Wh. 116 ; 2 Wr. 
 
 307 ; 3 Wr. 388; 4 Wr. 190; 5 Wr. 214; 8 Wr. 142 ; 
 
 lOWr. 140, 259; 12 Wr. 57, 113; 4 S. 398; 19 S. 406. 
 
 Where time for payment has been given, 1 H. 208; 11 H. 
 
 492. 
 When " without recourse," 10 Wr. 140. 
 When not named as a party in bill or note, 4 W. 448 ; 1 
 
 J. 460; 1 H. 444, 446; 4 C. 189, 193, 447, 451; 5 
 
 C. 529; 10 C. 58; 12 Wr. 113; 2 Gr. 372; 9 S. 
 
 144; 10 S. 35; 18 S. 243. 
 As guarantor, 12 Wr. 113. 
 
BILLS AND NOTES. 131 
 
 BILLS AND 'NOTES— continued. 
 
 On non-negotiable note, 8 Wr. 454. 
 
 On over-due note, 4 D. 370; 1 S. & R. 180: 8 S. & R. 
 
 315, 356; 1 R. 199, 227, 300, 340; 7 W. 130; 9 
 
 W. 353; 2 Bai^r 103; 6 Barr 164; 2 J. 269; 1 H. 
 
 222, 444; 6 H. 361, 426, 433; 10 H. 185; 6 C. 
 
 143, 144; 12 C. 105; 7 Wr. 137. 
 On note illegally issuer!, 2 Barr 175. 
 On forged endorsement, 3 Y. 531; 9 W. 273. 
 On altered note, 3 Wr. 388. 
 When joined with others, 7 W. & S. 383. 
 To bar of Statute of Limitations, 6 Barr 51. 
 On promise after maturity to pay notwithstanding want 
 
 of protest, 14 S. 407. 
 Where maker cannot be found, 4 S. & R. 480. 
 For interest, 1 D. 52; 2 Barr 85. 
 After release of drawer, 1 S. & R. 398. 
 What will discharge, 4 D. 275 ; 6 S. & R. 361 ; 4 R. 312 ; 
 
 2 Wh. 253; .6 Wh. 446; 2 H. 525; 9 H. 228. 
 Inference from possession of note, 14 S. 119, 343. 
 
 XII. Action on. 
 
 1. Form of. See Assumpsit ; Debt. 
 
 2. Not valid before maturity, 6 W. & S. 179. 
 
 3. In name of agent for owner, 4 Wh. 487. 
 
 4. By holder of note payable to own order, 1 W. & S. 
 
 418. 
 
 5. On note payable after sight, 3 Gr. 138. 
 
 XIII. Declaration in. 
 
 1. Generally, 5 H. 379. 
 
 2. On lost note, 3 Y. 442. 
 
 3. On note payable to order of maker, 10 H. 89. 
 
 4. When payable in specific articles, 1 H. 173 ; 1 Gr. 
 
 204. 
 
 5. On note payable to bearer, 2 W. 134 ; 9 W. 353. 
 
 6. By endorsee v. acceptor, 5 H. 353. 
 
 XIV. Plea IN. /JeeNoN Assumpsit; Nil Debet; Payment; 
 Pleading. 
 
 XV. Evidence for plaintiffs. 
 
 1. Production of bill or note, 3 D. 368, 424; 1 W. & S. 
 
 307; 2 W. & S. 190; 14 S. 486. 
 
 2. Execution of, 2 W. & S. 190; 5 Barr 333; 1 J. 499 ; 
 
 10 H. 89, 507. 
 
 3. Ownership of, 1 D. 193; 1 Y. 94; 2 S. & R. 473; 4 
 
132 BILLS AND NOTES. 
 
 BILLS AND 'SOTES— continued. 
 
 S. & R. 545; 9 W. 273; 4 W. & S. 445 ; 6 W. & S. 
 221; 4 Barr 424, 425; 6 Barr 165;, 7 Barr 476; 4 
 H. 117 ; 2 C. 257; 5 C. 294, 365; 2 Gr. 297; 8 S. 
 295; 17 S. 470. 
 
 4. Consideration, 5 B. 469; 6 S. & R. 285; 1 R. 198; 3 
 
 R. 355; 3 W. 27; 7 W. 130; 9 W. 96; 1 W. & S. 
 307; 3 W. & S. 410; 4 W. & S. 445; 6 W. & S. 221; 
 1 Barr 36: 6 Barr 327; 7 Barr 76, 477; 1 H. 242 ; 
 3 H. 59, lil, 278, 488; 4 C. 231, 294; 5 C. 365 ; 8 
 C. 486; 11 C. 250; 1 Wr. 367; 7 Wr. 137; 12 Wr. 
 458; 2 Gr. 297, 300; 8 S. 113. 
 
 5. Non-payment of, 16 S. & R. 89; 4 W. & S. 505. 
 
 6. Notice op non-payment of. See ante, X. 3. 
 
 7. Competency of parties as witnesses, 2 D. 194 ; 2 Y, 
 
 17 ; 2 B. 154, 165 : 1 S. & R. 102, 185 ; 4 S. & R. 399 
 6 S. & R. 113; 9 S. & R. 229; 1 R. 196 ; 4 R. 30 
 6 W. 304; 9 W. 144; 2 W. & S. 268 ; 3 W. & S 
 557; 4 W. & S. 289; 3 Barr 56, 381; 5 Barr 52 
 9 Barr 81, 334; 1 J. 401; 1 H. 46; 3 H. 27, 59, 
 248, 278; 4 H. 117; 5 H. 101, 339, 343; 6 H. 
 347; 7 H. 176, 192; 2 C. 259, 511; 10 C. 138; 11 
 C. 153, 451; 1 Wr. 494; 3 Wr. 279; 2 Gr. 44; 3 
 Gr. 119; 6S. 325. 
 
 8. Parties to may not invalidate, 2 D. 194, 196, 299; 
 
 1 Y. 202; 2 B. 165 ; 1 S. & R. 180; 4 S. & R. 115, 
 397; 6 S. & R. 115; 9 S. & R. 230; IR. 196;4R. 
 311; 2 W. 265; 5 W. 482; 8 W. 304; 2 Wh. 50; 
 3 W. & S. 557; 4 W. & S. 287; 7 W. & S. 509; 3 
 Barr 56, 381, 389 ; 5 Barr 52 ; 9 Barr 334, 507 ; 5 
 H. 77, 101, 340, 343; 8 H. 469 ; 2 C. 261, 511 ; 9 C. 
 239 ; 10 C. 138 ; 3 Wr. 279, 489 ; 7 Wr. 120 ; 10 
 Wr. 504. 
 
 XVI. Evidence for defendant. 
 
 1. Want of consideration. See Want of Considera- 
 
 tion. 
 
 2. Failure of consideration. See Failure of Consi- 
 
 deration. 
 
 3. Illegal consideration, 11 S. & R. 164 ; 5 Barr 82 ; 
 
 10 Barr 164 ; 18 S. 174. See also Contract. 
 
 4. Fraud, 5 W. & S. 164; 8 C. 465. See also Contract; 
 
 Fraud. 
 
 5. Breach of warranty, 6 H. 130; 10 C. 236. See 
 
 Contract ; Sale. 
 
BILLS AND NOTES— BLOOD. 133 
 
 BILLS AND 'NOTES— continued. 
 
 6. As TO EQUITIES BETWEEN PARTIES TO, 1 D. 441 ; 4 B. 
 
 336; 8 S. & R. 481; 11 S. & R. 377; 12 S. & R. 61; 
 3 W. 20; 3 Wh. 281; 4 Wh. 258; 6 Wh. 220; 4 H. 
 117; 6 H. 130. 
 
 XVII. Interest on, 1 Y. 204; 16 S. & R. 264; 3 C. 241. 
 
 XVIII. Damages in, 1 D. 261 ; 3 D. 344, 348, 356 ; 4 D. 155, 
 157, 428; 1 Y. 205; 4 Y. 19, 20; 12 S. & R. 253; 5 
 Wh. 420; 2 W. & S. 190; 10 Barr 104; 11 H. 137; 3 
 C. 241. 
 
 BILLIARD TABLE. 
 
 Liability of to distress, 3 Gr. 248. 
 
 BINNEY, HORACE. 
 
 Eulogy on "W. Tilghman by, 16 S. k R. 37. 
 
 BIRMINGHAM BOROUGH. 
 
 Power of taxation by for use of streets, 7 C. 15. 
 
 BIRTH OF CHILD. 
 
 Revocation of will by, 3 B. 498 ; 5 S. & R. 38; 1 Wh. 212; 3 
 Wh. 208 ; 10 C. 483 ; 3 Wr. 115 ; 11 Wr. 144, 158; 18 
 S. 327. 
 
 BLAIR, JOHN. 
 
 Appointed judge, 2 D. 399. 
 
 BLASPHEMY. 
 
 Indictment for, 11 S. & R. 394. 
 
 BLOCKADE. 
 
 1. Effect of on contract for freight, 3 S. & R. 559. 
 
 2. Rights of neutral vessels on notice of, 5 S. & R. 71. 
 
 3. Breach of, 1 S. & R. 71 ; 13 S. & R. 293. 
 
 4. Proof of intention to disregard, 1 B. 293. 
 
 BLOOD. 
 1 AVhot t" 
 
 Descent to, 2 D. 175 ; 5 S. & R. 304 ; 6 W. & S. 258; 12 
 H. 162; 4 C. 487: 7 C. 289; 5 S. 62; 10 S. 380, 
 383. 
 
 2. Half. 
 
 Descent to, 2 Y. 545; 2 B. 279 ; 5 Wh. 477 ; 8 Barr 32; 
 12 H. 162; 4 C. 487 ; 7 C. 289; 5 S. 62. 
 
 3. Of first purchaser. 
 
 Descent to, 1 S. & R. 397 ; 7 S. & R. 397 ; 4 R. 39 ; 10 
 H. 291; 5 Wh. 477; 6 W. & S. 258; 5 Barr 164, 
 
134 BLOOD— BOARD OP PROPERTY. 
 
 BLOOD — continued. 
 
 165, 166; 8 Barr 32; 12 H. 162; 3 Wr. 417; 10 
 Wr. 369; 14 Wr. 311. 
 4. Right of jury to decide as to stains of, 14 Wr. 319. 
 
 BLUNSTONE LICENSE. 
 , 1. Nature of, 4 Y. 13, 17. 
 
 2. Validity of, 4 D. 121, 122, 210, 218, 222. 
 
 3. Abandonment of, 4 Y. 17. 
 
 BOARDING. 
 
 1. Effect of bill for intoxicating liquor in claim for, 
 
 6 W. 66 ; 6 H. 48. 
 
 2. Compensation for, on implied contract, 2 Wr. 464. 
 
 BOARD MEASURE. 
 Rule for, 7 Wr. 134. 
 
 BOARD OF HEALTH. 
 
 In PMladelpliia, 2 Barr 266, 366 ; 7 C. 73. 
 
 BOARD OF PROPERTY. 
 
 I. Power and authority of. 
 
 1. Not a court, 2 Y. 231. 
 
 2. As to donation lands, 6 B. 450. 
 
 3. As to islands, 12 H. 39. 
 
 4. As to re-survey of land, 2 Y. 133, 140, 144. 
 
 5. As TO vacating patent, 7 S. & R. 156; 8 W. 92 ; 10 
 
 W. 321. 
 
 II. Proceedings before, 8 W. & S. 178 ; 3 Barr 115. 
 
 III. Orders of. 
 
 1. When evidence, 1 D. 7 ; 2 Y. 85; 3 B. 31 ; 1 S. & R. 
 
 75; 3S. &R. 373; 8 S. & R..a92. 
 
 2. Decisions of, strictly construed, 10 S. & R. 243. 
 
 3. Effect of, 1 Y. 287, 290; 2 Y. 133, 231 ; 3 Y. 23; 4 Y. 
 
 18; 6 S. &R. 107; 11 S. & R. 314; 5 W. 194; 6 W. 
 292 ; 2 W. & S. 255 ; 3 Barr 115 ; 10 H. 298, 405 ; 
 12 H. 39 ; 2 C. 162 ; 10 Wr. 385 ; 3 S. 427. 
 
 IV. Opinion of. 
 
 When evidence, 2 Y. 85 ; 1 S. & R. 575 ; 3 S. & R. 373. 
 
 V. Minutes of. 
 
 When evidence, 3 Y. 290; 3 S. & R. 343 ; 12 S. & R. 
 140; 8 W. & S. 178. 
 
BOARD OF PROPERTY— BOND. 135 
 
 BOARD OF VROVERTY— continued. 
 
 VI. Depositions before. 
 
 When evidence, 2 Y. 231; 4 Y. 295; 1 S. & R. 526; 2 
 S. & R. 76. 
 
 VII. Appeal from, 1 B. 324; 5 W. 194: 8 W. 81 ; 2 W. & 
 S. 255. 
 
 BONA FIDES. 
 
 1. Rights of holder. 9 W. 188 ; 11 C. 239 ; 1 Wr. 315 ; 4 
 
 Wr. 417 ; 5 Wr. 234. 
 
 2. Between husband and wife, 11 Wr. 220. 
 
 BOND. 
 
 I. Form of. 
 
 1. Joint and several, 10 S. & R. 33 ; 12 S. & R. 154 ; 
 
 13 S. & R. 288 ; 1 R. 255 ; 2 W. 204 ; 4 W. 50, 386 ; 
 5 Wh. 563 ; 1 W. & S. 365 ; 3 W. & S. 519 ; 11 S. 395. 
 
 2. Payable to bearer, 3 G. 413. 
 
 3. Payable in instalments, 1 B. 152. 
 
 4. Held in escrow, 3 Barr 308. 
 
 5. Voluntary, 12 S. & R. 314 ; 2 R. 156 ; 3 C. 110 ; 19 
 
 S. 225. 
 
 II. Consideration op. 
 
 1. Illegal, 11 S. & R. 155 ; 13 S. & R. 29 ; 3 W. & S. 
 
 255; 1 H. 278; 3 C. 119. 
 
 2. Want of. See Want of Consideration. 
 
 3. Failure of. See Failure of Consideration. 
 
 4. Benefit of, enures to party furnishing considera- 
 
 tion, 3 Barr 141. 
 
 III. Execution of. 
 
 1. By A less number than are named, 4 W. 22; 5 H. 
 
 327; 3 Barr 308; 1 S. 219. 
 
 2. By third party at request op obligor, 2 J. 292. 
 
 3. By unlettered obligor on misrepresentation of 
 
 contents, 17 S. 386. 
 
 4. On Sunday, effect of, 3 W. & S. 446. 
 
 5. Proof of, 2 S. & R. 349; 6 S. & R. 308, 311; 2 J. 292; 
 
 5 H. 131. 
 
 IV. Attestation of, 8 Barr 378. 
 
 V. Ratification of fraudulent, 4 S. & R. 483; 8 W. & S. 
 
 31, 36; 6 Wr. 148; 7 Wr. 67; 8 Wr. 9; 17 S. 217, 391; 
 19 S. 81, 88. 
 
136 BOND, 
 
 BOND — continued. 
 
 VI. Delivery oe, 2 Barr 448; 3 Barr 308; 5 H. 327, 
 380; 1 S. 219. 
 
 VII. Acceptance of, 4 Wr. 391. 
 
 VIII. Alteration of. See Alteration. 
 
 IX. Condition in. 
 
 1. Waiver of, 3 H. 296; 5 Wr. 206. 
 
 2. Parol explanation of, 4 0. 497. 
 
 3. Manner of construing, 3 Wh. 103; 3 H. 299. 
 
 4. Presumption in favor of, 3 C. 123. 
 
 5. Effect of illegal, 16 S. & R. 307; 10 W. 265; 3 Wh. 
 
 314. 
 
 6. Effect of non-performance of, when given for pur- 
 
 chase-money, 10 W. 297; 3 H. 296. 
 
 7. Compliance with, 11 C. 13; 4 Wr. 391. 
 
 8. When binding, 4 Wr. 391. 
 
 9. Breach op, 7 S. & R. 32; 16 S. & R. 320 ; 5 W. & S. 
 
 440; 3 H. 296; 7 H. 175; 11 H. 338 ; 3 Wr. 167 ; 
 4 Wr. 178, 391; 7 Wr. 115. 
 
 10. Stipulation as to maturity of whole debt, on fail- 
 
 ure TO pay instalments, 16 S. 440, 471 
 
 11. To restore goods. See Execution. 
 
 12. To indemnify. See Indemnity. 
 
 13. Under attachment law, 4 S. & R. 557. 
 
 14. Under internal revenue law, 10 Wr. 286. 
 
 X. Penalty. 
 
 1. Judgment for, 11 S. & R. 107. 
 
 2. Interest on, 2 D. 255. 
 
 3. When liquidated damages, 5 Wr. 206. 
 
 XI. Discharge of surety on, 4 Y. 517. 
 
 XII. Fraudulent, 1 Y. 552; 5 B. 73; 8 S. & R. 178; 3 
 Wh. 314 ; 6 S. 110. 
 
 XIII. Cancellation of. 
 
 1. By parol, 1 Barr 445; 7 Barr 100, 251; 5 C. 55. 
 
 XIV. Admissibility of in evidence, 2 Y. 277. 
 
 XV. When a specialty under Statute of Distribution, 
 1 B. 258. 
 
 XVI. Passes by will directing sale op real and per- 
 sonal property, 6 Barr 97. 
 
BOND. > 137 
 
 BOND — continued. 
 
 XVII. Reciprocal eights and obligations of parties 
 See Obligor ; Obligee. 
 
 XVIII. Proper subject of donatio causa mortuis, 3 B. 366. 
 
 XIX. Payment of. 
 
 1. Presumpion as to. See Payment. 
 
 2. Proof of, 4 Y. 79; 3 R. 472. 
 
 XX. Liability of to levy on execution, 2 Barr 39. 
 
 XXI. Statutory. 
 
 1. Form of, 12 S. & R. 314; 16 S. & R. 50; 2 R. 159 ; 
 
 5 W. 468,472; 5 Barr 250. 
 
 XXII. Of the Penn family, 4 D. 357. 
 
 XXIII. Secured by mortgage. 
 
 1. Right of holder, 9 Barr 32. 
 
 2. Is personal property, 5 W. 55. 
 
 3. Effect of payment of, 5 W. & S. 217. 
 
 4. Effect of judgment on, 7 W. & S. 137. 
 
 XXIV. For purchase-money. See Purchase-money. 
 
 XXV. Of railroad company, 9 C. 33 ; 6 Wr. 303 ; 8 Wr. 
 63 ; 11 Wr. 16, 76, 367 ; 13 Wr. 261 ; 4 S. 127. 
 
 XXVI. Under internal revenue law, 10 Wr. 286. 
 
 XXVII. Transfer of. 
 
 1. Generally, 1 D. 23, 26, 402, 449; 2 Y. 23; 7 H. 133. 
 
 2. When payable to bearer, 3 0. 413. 
 
 3. With guaranty, 12 S. & R. 100; 16 S. & R. 79; 8 P. 
 
 6 W. 18; 3 Barr 292. 
 
 4. With consent of obligor, 16 S. & R. 18. 
 
 5. Endorsement on when evidence, 9 S. & R. 57. 
 
 6. Effect of on obligor, 7 C. 228, 
 
 7. Effect of on assignor. 
 
 Generally, 4 D. 370 ; 4 S. & R. 174 ; 12 C. 108. 
 Payment to assignor, 4 S. & R. 175; 9 S. & R. 74. 
 Right of assignor as to defence against assignee, 1 P. & 
 
 W. 257. 
 Promise of assignor to pay, when invalid, 2 Y. 464. 
 Evidence in suit by assignor, 3 S. & R. 202. 
 
 XXVIII. Effect of on assignee. 
 
 1. Rights of, 1 D. 27, 28, 449 ; 2 D. 190; 4 D. 47, 370 ; 
 2 Y. 23, 522, 541; 3 Y. 16, 327, 351; 4 Y. 371; 1 B. 
 403 ; 2 B. 154 ; 2 S. & R. 200 ; 7 S. & R. 482 ; 9 S. 
 & R. 177, 193; 16 S. & R. 18; 17 S. & R. 290 ; 1 P. 
 
138 BOND— BOOKS AND PAPERS. 
 
 BOND. — continued. 
 
 & W. 257 ; 2 P. & W. 245; 3 P. & W. 191 ; 3 Wli. 
 275; 3 Ban- 292 ; 12 C. 108 ; 7 S. 482. 
 
 2. Where obligor disclaims set off, 2 Y. 541, 565 ; 9 
 
 S. & R. 137; 14 S. & R. 304; 16 S. & E. 18; 1 P. & 
 W. 24, 31; 5 W. 151; 6 Barr 327; 9 H. 436; 1 C. 
 449; 2 S. 211. 
 
 3. Duty op assignee. 
 
 As to notice to obligor, 2 D. 49, 50; 4 D. 370; 4 S. k 
 R. 175. 
 
 As to inquiry of obligor, 2 Y. 541; 1 B. 433; 5 B. 234; 
 9 S. & R. 197; 16 S. & R. 18; 1 R. 227; 1 P. & 
 W. 24, 476 ; 2 P. & W. 245 ; 3 Wh. 275 ; 5 Wh. 151. 
 
 4. Liability op, 1 D. 23, 28; 2 D. 49 ; 2 Y. 23, 465, 522, 
 
 543; 3 Y. 9; 4 Y. 371; 1 B. 433; 2 B. 165; 5 B. 
 232; 4 S. & R. 175; 9 S. & R. 74, 137, 193 ; 11 S. & 
 R. 75; 14 S. & R. 127, 306; 16 S. & R. 18; 17 S. & 
 R. 287, 290; 1 P. & W. 257; 2 P. & W. 245 ; 5 Wh. 
 37; 5 W. & S. 219; 8 W. & S. 318; 1 Barr 266 ; 3 
 Barr 136, 399; 9 C. 307. 
 
 5. Defence to suit by, 11 S. & R. '75; 5 W. & S. 51. 
 XXIX. Action on. 
 
 1. Form op. See Debt ; Covenant. 
 
 2. On lost bond, 4 W. 218. 
 
 3. Against assignee of assignee, 10 Wr. 262. 
 
 4. Narr. in, 1 W. & S. 371 ; 7 C. 322. 
 
 5. Defence to suit on, 11 S. & R. 75 ; 1 W. & S. 315; 3 
 
 W. & S. 472; 5 W. & S. 51; 8 W. & S. 200; 12 H. 
 513; 7 C. 322; 1 Wr. 237; 4 Wr. 391; 10 Wr. 262; 
 19 S. 225. 
 
 6. Priority as to suits on official bonds, 1 B. 370. 
 
 7. Damages in, 4 Wr. 391; 5 Wr. 206. 
 
 8. Judgment on, 1 W. 60; 5 W. 120, 289; 4 Barr 300. 
 
 BOOK ENTRIES. See Account Book. 
 
 BOOKS AND PAPERS. 
 I. Production of on trial. 
 
 1. General rule as to, 6 H. 488 ; 2 Gr. 47. 
 
 2. Requisites of application for, 2 P. & W. 139 ; 1 Wr. 
 
 228, 330; 4 Wr. 289; 2 Gr. 47. 
 
 3. When to be made, 5 S. & R. 241. 
 
 4. Affidavit on, 1 S. & R. 241 ; 5 S. & R. 241 ; 13 S. 
 
 & R. 447, 450 ; 2 P. & W. 142; 2 Gr. 47. 
 
BOOKS AND PAPEKS— BOOM COMPANY. 139 
 
 BOOKS AND VAFERS— continued. 
 
 5. When refused, 2 Wh. 10. 
 
 6. When evidence for the jury, 3 B. 326; 6 S. & R. 
 
 293; 7 S. &R. 10; 1 W. & S. 283. 
 
 7. For inspection only, 5 S. & R. 244 ; 1 W. & S. 283 ; 
 
 '2 Wh. 565; 10 Barr 58. 
 
 8. Requisites of notice for, 5 S. & R. 241 ; 13 S. & R. 
 
 447 ; 4 Wh. 499; 1 Wr. 228, 330; 2 Gr. 47. 
 
 9. When necessary, 4 D. 132; 7 Barr 23; 4 Wr. 290; 2 
 
 Gr. 47. 
 Service of notice, 2 D. 302, 332; 4 D. 132; 1 S. & R. 
 241; 9 S. &R. 47. 
 
 10. Objection to notice. 
 
 When to be made, 3 Wh. 551 ; 6 Wh. 217; 2 Gr. 47. 
 
 11. What subject to order, 4 D. 132; 2 S. & R. 23, 67 ; 6 
 
 Wh. 141. 
 
 12. Proof of loss of, 5 Barr 55 ; 12 H. 367. 
 
 13. What admitted by call for, 3 B. 326; 5 S. & R. 
 
 514 ; 12 S. & R. 405 ; 16 S. & R. 126. 
 
 14. Power op court to enforce order, 13 S. & R. 447 ; 
 
 14 S. & R. 212; 2 P. & W. 139; 2 Wh. 542; 10 
 Barr 58 ; 2 Gr. 47. 
 
 15. Effect of non production of, 8 S. & R. 428; 13 S. & 
 
 R. 447, 454; 14 S. & R. 212; 2 W. 340; 2 Wh. 542; 
 3 Wh. 550; 6 Wh. 216; 5 Barr 55; 8 Barr 468; 4 H. 
 412; 12 H. 367; 2 Gr. 47. 
 
 16. When to be produced, 13 S. & R. 447. 
 
 17. Evidence of contents when allowed, 5 S. & R. 514 ; 
 
 lOS. &R. 275;4 W. 817;7W. & S. 3, 317; 2Gr.47. 
 
 18. Proof of execution of, when produced, 2 S. & R. 
 
 496; 13 S. & R. 447; 14 S. & R. 212; 6 Wh. 216; 
 
 8 Barr 468 ; 6 H. 487 ; 4 C. 266. 
 II. What to be sent out with jury, 2 D. 397 ; 1 Y. 400 ; 
 4 Y. 532; 5 B. 238; 13 S. & R. 175; 15 S. & R. 26, 
 61; 16 S. & R. 97; 4 W. 165, 169; 5 W. & S. 438; 1 
 Barr 340; 2 Barr 85; 10 Barr 232; 2 J. 252; 6 H. 
 321 ; 8 H. 375 ; 12 H. 507 ; 10 Wr. 385; 7 S. 142 ; 15 
 S. 416; 18 S. 400. 
 
 BOOM COMPANY. 
 
 1. Rights of, 12 H. 193 ; 7 C. 285. 
 
 2. Duty of, 7 C. 285. 
 
 8. Proof of contract with, 12 H. 193. 
 4. Action by for tolls, 12 H. 193. 
 
140 BOROUGHS— BOUNDARY LINE. 
 
 BOROUGHS. See Municipal Corporations. 
 
 BORROWERS OF TRUST PROPERTY. 
 Power of courts over, 13 Wr. 494. 
 
 BOTTOMRY BOND. 
 
 1. Contribution in payment of, 2 Wr. 1T6. 
 
 2. Satisfaction of, 3 Wr. 842. 
 
 BOUNDARY LINE. 
 
 I. Public. 
 
 1. Between Pennsylvania and Maryland, 1 B. 399 ; 5 
 H. 480 ; 11 H. 363 ; 8 Wr. 487. 
 
 2. Between Pennsylvania and Virginia, 8 D. 425, 466. 
 
 3. Between counties. 
 
 Judicial recognition of, 12 C. 423. 
 
 When on summit of mountain, 3 W. & S. 879. 
 
 4. Proof of, 4 H. 79; 10 C. 147. 
 
 II. Private. 
 
 1. Proof of, 1 Y. 400 ; 6 B. 59, 62; 2 S. & R. 70 ; 10 S. 
 ' & R. 275, 281; 11 S. & R. 149, 852; 13 S. & R. 113; 
 
 14 S. & R. 372; 16 S. & R.44; 2 W. 333; 8 W. 280; 
 9 W. 565; 1 W. & S. 68; 1 Barr 295; 6 Barr 258; 7 
 Barr 282; 2 H. 59; 6 H. 877; 9 H. 59; 2 C. 491; 8 
 C. 333, 835; 4 C. 149; 8 C. 302; 1 Wr. 58, 196; 6 
 Wr. 205; 10 Wr. 477; 18 S. 36. 
 
 2. Made by testator, 8 W. 403; 7 Barr 97; 8 S. 813. 
 
 3. Made by consent, 3 S. & R. 327; 8 S. & R. 248; 10 
 
 S. &R. 114; 6 W.261; 7 W. 311; 1 W. & S. 445; 7 
 W. & S.340; lie. 404; 3S. 156; 15S. 86; 20 S. 30. 
 
 4. Effect of acquiescence, 10 W. 321; 4 Barr 234. 
 
 5. Established by adverse possession, 4 Y. 494 ; 17 S. 
 
 & R. 104 ; 9 W. & S. 65, 98. 
 
 6. Established by common error, 3 P. & W. 458. 
 
 7. Established by award, 6 B. 84, 883; 15 S. & R. 165; 
 
 4R. 411; 7 W. 311, 601; 7 W. & S. 344; 2H. 399; 
 3H. 28; 9 S. 379. 
 
 8. Effect of. 
 
 On adjoiners, 3 S. & R. 827 ; 17 S. & R. 54, 165 ; 4 W. 
 
 81, 261 ; 8 W. 403 ; 9 W. 565 ; 10 W. 321, 444 ; 
 
 4 W. & S. 220 ; 8 W. & S. 66 ; 4 Barr 234 ; 7 Barr 
 
 98, 378 ; 3 H. 59 ; 10 C. 191 ; 1 Wr. 196 ; 2 Wr. 
 
 69 ; 10 Wr. 477 ; 11 Wr. 393 ; 8 S. 156. 
 On location under original survey, 20 S. 81, 50. 
 
BOUNDAKY LINE— BOUNTY ASSOCIATION. 141 
 
 BOUNDARY LmE—eontinued. 
 
 9. Governed by marks on the ground, 1 Y. 28, 285 ; 2 
 Y. 89, 311 ; 4 S. & R. 454, 456 ; 5 S. & R. 81 ; 4 W. 
 261 ; 2 Barr 43 ; 4 Barr 247 ; 5 Barr 249 ; 2 J. 178 ; 
 3 H. 139; 4 H. 232; 4 C. 413; 10 C. 191, 198; 2 
 Wr. 69; 10 Wr. 477 ; 11 Wr. 393 ; 12 S. 390. 
 
 10. How AFFECTED BY COURSES AND DISTANCES IN DEED, 8 
 
 C. 302 ; 10 Wr. 477. 
 
 11. Not CONTROLLED BY QUANTITY OF LAND CALLED FOR IN 
 
 DEED, 4 S. & R. 488 ; 6 S. & R. 488 ; 8 Barr 147 ; 1 
 H. 529 ; 3 H. 218 ; 2 Wr. 69 ; 10 Wr. 477 ; 11 Wr. 393. 
 
 12. Effect of mistake in, 3 S. & R. 327 ; 17 S. & R. 165; 
 
 8 W. & S. 66 ; 4 Barr 237. 
 
 13. Acts of 1858 and 1859 relative to, construed, 14 S. 
 
 275. 
 
 14. Effect of Statute op Frauds on parol adjustment 
 
 OF, 11 C. 409; 1 S. 86; 9 S. 579. 
 
 15. Effect on vendee of party assenting to, 8 H. 80 ; 11 
 
 C. 409 ; 1 Wr. 68 ; 2 Wr. 69 ; 10 Wr. 477 ; 11 Wr. 
 393; 15 S. 86. 
 
 16. Effect op conveyance to unopened street, 10 Barr 
 
 135 ; 2 C. 223 ; 12 Wr. 253 ; 14 Wr. 499 ; 6 S. 431 ; 
 13 S. 90 ; 20 S. 57, 125. 
 
 17. Fence need not stand on, 2 0. 493. See Fences. 
 
 18. When a question for jury, 1 Barr 229 ; 2 C. 492 ; 8 
 
 C. 131 ; 6 Wr. 205 ; 10 Wr. 477 ; 12 S. 383, 392. 
 
 19. Certainty as to, in verdict, 11 C. 409 ; 8 C. 131. 
 
 20. Equity of jurisdiction in case of, 17 S. 508. 
 
 BOUNTY LAW. 
 
 Act of 1864 construed, 14 Wr. 150 ; 1 S. 9 ; 2 S. 432 ; 3 S. 
 
 IHO, 214, 221 ; 5 S. 81, 257, 448, 468, 475; 6 S. 315; 
 
 8 S. 150; 9 S. 102; 17 S. 78. 
 Act of 1865 construed, 2 S. 474 ; 3 S. 221 ; 5 S. 432, 433 ; 
 
 7 S. 486 ; 12 S. 442. 
 Act of 1866 construed, 6 S. 466. 
 Act for Franklin County construed, 2 S. 274. 
 Act for Butler County construed, 10 S. 9. 
 
 BOUNTY ASSOCIATION. 
 
 Acts of Assembly to reimburse, construed, 1 S. 9 ; 9 S. 102. 
 Rights and liability of members, 4 S. 190. 
 Power of president of to bind township, 1 S. 9. 
 Jurisdiction of court over, 4 S. 190. 
 
142 BOUNTY ACCOUNTS— BRICK KILN. 
 
 BOUNTY ACCOUNTS. 
 Auditing of, 20 S. 92. 
 
 BOUNTY MONEY. 
 
 1. Eight op conscript to, 14 Wr. 150 ; 2 S. 474 ; 5 S. 432 ; 
 
 6 S. 467; 9 S. 232; 11 S. 317; 12 S. 442. 
 
 2. Right of re-enlisting veteran to, 5 S. 475 ; 8 S. 380. 
 
 3. Liability of municipal corporations for, 6 S. 23 ; 9 S. 
 
 253; 11 S. 317; 12 S. 301; 13 S. 226, 388; 17 S. 78; 
 18 S. 441; 19 S. 319; 20 S. 278. 
 
 4. Assessment of tax for payment of, 5 S. 257, 457 ; 8 S. 
 
 148 ; 14 S. 154. 
 
 BRADFORD COUNTY. 
 
 Special act as to roads in, construed, 4 C. 176. 
 
 BRADFORD, WILLIAM. 
 
 Appointed Attorney-General, 3 D. 7. 
 
 BREACH OF CONDITION. 
 
 1. In bond, 7 S. & R. 32 ; 16 S. & R. 320 ; 5 W. & S. 440; 
 
 3 H. 296; 11 H. 338; 3 Wr. 167; 4 Wr. 178, 391; 7 
 Wr. 115. 
 
 2. Of contract. 
 
 For sale of land, 1 P. & W. 494 ; 1 W. 492 ; 4 H. 154. 
 
 3. To MARRY, 8 W. & S. 27 ; 11 C. 13. See Marriage. 
 
 4. In covenant, 3 W. 331; 4 Wh. 86; 2 W. & S. 20, 53 ; 
 
 4 Barr 39 ; 5 Barr 317 ; 7 Barr 122 ; 2 J. 25, 79, 372 ; 
 2 H. 336. 
 
 5. In deed, 6 W. & S. 150, 155; 2 H. 336; 1 Wr. 150; 3 
 
 , Wr. 167; 4 Wr. 178, 391; 7 Wr. 115. 
 
 6. Of law, presumption against, 5 Wr. 470. 
 
 7. Assignment of. See Declaration. 
 
 BREAD ACT. 
 
 1. Effect of discharge under, 8 S. & R. 351. 
 
 2. Who entitled to discharge, 6 Barr 445. 
 
 3. Jurisdiction of Common Pleas in, 6 Barr 445. 
 
 BRECKENRIDGE, H. W. 
 
 Appointment of, as judge, 2 Y. 8. 
 
 BRIBERY, 2 D. 384; 3 W. & S. 338; 11 Wr. 220. 
 
 BRICK KILN. 
 
 Not a nuisance, per se, 20 S. 102. 
 
BRIDGES. 143 
 
 BRIDGES. 
 
 I. Power of Commonwealth to require corporations to 
 
 BUILD, 7 H. 258 ; 9 H. 147 ; 8 S. 320 ; 9 S. 174. 
 Power of Commonwealth to build, 8 S. 320, 329. 
 
 II. County. 
 
 1. Erection of, 8 Y. 1; 4 Y. 434; 6 Wh. 363; 2 W. & S. 
 
 295; 5 W. &S. 181. 
 
 2. Allowance of, 4 Y. 434; 2 W. & S. 495; 18 S. 427. 
 
 3. Power of court over, 6 Wh. 363; 18 S. 427. 
 
 4. Power of grand jury over, 18 S. 427. 
 
 5. Report of viewers on, 6 Wh. 363 ; 14 S. 458. 
 
 6. Repair of, 4 Y. 434; 6 Wh. 363; 6 H. 23; 11 Wr. 
 
 361; 6 S. 204. 
 
 7. Power of county over, 6 S. & R. 229; 2 R. 134, 154; 
 
 6 Wh. 363 ; 5 W. & S. 181 ; 11 Wr. 361; 12 Wr. 527. 
 
 8. Duty of commissioners as to, 11 Wr. 61; 6 S. 204. 
 
 9. Change of location, effect of on contract to erect, 
 
 6 W. & S. 70; 11 Wr. 627. 
 
 10. Act of 1845 relative to Luzerne County, construed, 
 
 14 S. 458. 
 
 11. Liability of contractor to deduction for insuffi- 
 
 cient workmanship, 14 S. 458. 
 
 III. Township. 
 
 1. Who liable to repair, 18 S. 404. 
 
 2. On township line, 2 H. 543. 
 
 3. Liability for injury from defective, 18 S. 404. 
 
 IV. Private. 
 
 1. Action for injury by, concurring with freshet, 4 
 
 R. 24 ; 14 S. 109. 
 
 2. Action for injury to, 4 R. 10, 18. 
 
 V. Over navigable rivers. 
 
 1. Statutes relative to, construed, 3 C. 303 ; 5 Wr. 
 
 147; 10 Wr. 112; 8 S. 321. 
 
 2. Power of port wardens over, 6 Wr. 209 ; 8 S. 321. 
 
 3. When a public nuisance, 3 C. 303. 
 
 VI. Over canals. 
 
 1. Liability op corporation as to, 1 Y. 430 ; '6 W. 
 & S. 560 ; 4 Wr. 256 ; 10 Wr. 223 ; 9 S. 174 ; 13 S. 290. 
 
 VII. Over mill race on public road, 6 W. & S. 560 ; 4 
 Wr. 256 ; 9 Wr. 135. 
 
144 BRIDGE COMPANIES— BROKER. 
 
 BRIDGE COMPANIES. 
 
 I. Incorporation of. See Corporation. 
 
 II. Power and authority of. 
 
 To erect piers in navigable streams, 5 Wr. 147. 
 
 III. Rights of. 
 
 1. To toll, 8 H. 185. 
 
 2. To borrow MONET, 8 H. 185. 
 
 3. For injury to, 4 R. 10. 
 
 IV. Liability of. 
 
 1. For taking illegal tolls, 8 H. 185. 
 
 2. For private injury, 8 H. 185. 
 
 3. To taxation, 9 Barr 415. 
 
 4. To forfeiture of charter, 8 H. 185. 
 
 5. For interfering with navigation, 3 C. 303; 5 Wr. 
 
 147 ; 10 Wr. 112. 
 
 6. For consequential injuries, 6 W. & S. 560 ; 6 Barr 
 
 382 ; 5 Wr. 147. 
 
 7. Contract with, construed, 11 H. 291. 
 
 BRIGADE INSPECTOR. 
 
 1. Powers of, 17 S. & R. 148 ; 2 P. & W. 540. 
 
 2. Settlement of accounts of, 8 W. 57. 
 
 3. Lien of Commonwealth against, 4 Barr 104. 
 
 BRITISH DEBTS. 
 
 1. Sequestration of, 3 D. 1, 199, 285. 
 
 2. Revival of, 3 D. 119, 285. 
 
 BRITISH BRIG. 
 
 Definition of in insurance policy, 2 B. 363. 
 
 BRITISH DECISIONS. 
 
 When applicable here, 2 Y. 69, 481. 
 
 BRITISH STATUTE. See Acts of Parliament. 
 
 BROAD STREET IN PHILADELPHIA. 
 
 Act relative to paving, construed, 6 H. 195. 
 
 BROAD STREET RAILROAD. 
 
 Right of Pennsylvania Railroad Company to, 11 AYr. 325. 
 
 BROKER. 
 
 I. Definition of, 2 C. 138 ; 18 S. 42. 
 
 II. Rights of. 
 
 1. To testify as to authority and instruction, 2 D. 
 300. 
 
BKOKER— BUILDING ASSOCIATION. 145 
 
 BROKER — continued. 
 
 2. To COMPLETE SALE OR EEOEIVE COMMISSIONS, 18 S. 42. 
 
 3. To COMPENSATION, 4 H. 43 ; 18 S. 42. 
 
 III. Duties of. 
 
 1. As to returns under Act of 1861, 10 Wr. 31. 
 
 IV. Powers of. 
 
 1. Proof of, 2 D. 310 ; 3 H. 343 ; 18 S. 42. 
 
 2. To BIND PRINCIPAL BY CONTRACT, 19 S. 322. 
 
 3. As TO REAL ESTATE, 2 C. 138. 
 
 4. As TO MERCHANDISE, 6 S. & R. 386. 
 
 V. Capital op. 
 
 1. Definition of, 11 Wr. 84. 
 
 VI. Liability of. 
 
 1. To TAXATION, 1 J. 468 ; 10 Wr. 31 ; 14 Wr. 201. 
 
 2. For omission to report profits, 14 Wr. 201. 
 
 VII. Books of. 
 
 1. When evidence, 3 H. 343. 
 
 BUCKS COUNTY. 
 
 Road Law of April 23, 1857, construed, 14 S. 374. 
 
 BUILDING ASSOCIATION. 
 
 I. What are within Act of 1850 and 1855, 6 C. 465 ; 
 
 18 S. 67. 
 
 II. What are within Act of April 12, 1859, 18 S. 67. 
 
 III. Rights of. 
 
 1. To RECOVER on MORTGAGE V. MEMBER, 2 C. 269. 
 
 2. To CHARGE MORE THAN LEGAL INTEREST, 2 C. 269 ; 6 C. 
 
 465, 471; 11 C. 223, 225. 
 
 3. As TO APPROPRIATION OF PAYMENTS. See pOSt, IV. 2. 
 
 4. Of OFFICERS WHO ASSIST IN MISMANAGING THE BUSINESS 
 
 OF, 1 S. 483. 
 
 IV. Duties of. 
 
 1. As to CREDIT FOR SHARES TO SHERIFF'S VENDEE OF PRO- 
 
 PERTY SUBJECT TO MORTGAGE, 6 C. 465. 
 
 2. Appropriation of payments by member, 11 C. 463 ; 3 
 
 Wr. 148 ; 10 Wr. 403 ; 11 Wr. 233. 
 
 3. As to dividends, 1 S. 485. 
 
 V. Power and authority. 
 
 1. As to contract with stockholder, 14 Wr. 32. 
 
 10 
 
146 BUILDING ASSOCIATION— BURGLARY. 
 
 BUILDING ASSOCIATION— co«<zwMe(7. 
 
 VI. Liability op. 
 
 1. After EEbEiPT op instalments on stock, 11 C. 463. 
 
 2. FoRUSiTKY, lie. 470; 3Wr. 137,154,156; 5Wr. 478. 
 
 3. Of officers for mismanagement, 1 S. 483. 
 
 4. Of retiring members, 8 Wr. 383. 
 
 VII. Bonds of. 
 
 1. What may be recovered on, 5 Wr. 478. 
 
 2. Premium on when usurious, 11 C. 470; 3 Wr. 137, 
 
 154, 156; 5 Wr. 478. 
 
 VIII. Mortgage of. 
 
 1. Payment by stockholder, 10 Wr. 493 ; 11 Wr. 352. 
 
 BUILDING. 
 
 1. Abatement of, 3 Wr. 289. 
 
 2. Contract for erection of according to " instruc- 
 
 tion," construed, 1 S. 475. 
 
 3. Condition in restraint of. See Conditions. 
 
 BUILDER. 
 
 1. Duty of as to party-wall, 7 W. 460. 
 Liability of for latent defects, 20 S. 469. 
 Liability of for acts of employees, 10 Wr. 222 ; 7 S. 
 374 ; 20 S. 464, 477. 
 
 BUILDING LEASE. 
 
 Bound by lien of judgment, 5 S. & R. 124. 
 
 BURIAL PLACE. See Cemetery. 
 
 BURGESS. 
 
 Duty of, as to arrest of criminals, 11 H. 391. 
 
 BURGLARY. 
 
 1. Definition of, 3 R. 207 ; 10 S. 103. 
 
 2. Indictment for, 3 S. & R. 199; 3 H. 95; 10 S. 103. 
 
 3. With intent to commit rape, 1 Gr. 484. 
 
 4. Trial for. 
 
 Discharge of jury in, 5 C. 323. 
 
 Conviction for larceny under indictment for, 10 S. 103. 
 Jury may separate before verdict, 5 C. 323. 
 New trial after partial acquittal, 10 S. 103. 
 Sentence for, 10 S. 103. 
 Reversal of, in Supreme Court, 10 S. 107., 
 Punishment for, 3 S. & R. 199; 14 S. & R. 69; 3 H. 
 95. 
 
BURR MILLSTONE— CANALS. 147 
 
 BURR MILLSTONE. 
 
 Within Mechanics' Lien Law, 5 W. 115. 
 
 BURTHEN OF PROOF. See Evidence. 
 
 BUTLER COUNTY. 
 
 Act relative to bounties in, construed, 10 S. 9, 
 Bond of high constable in, 2 W. 448. 
 
 "BY THE NEXT ENSUING." 
 
 Meaning of in contract, 3 P. & W. 48. 
 
 CALLS. 
 
 1. For instalments on stock, 3 Wh. 197; 2 Wr. 81; 2 S. 
 
 250; 4 S. 227; 10 S. 124; 13 S. 317. 
 
 2. In deed, controlled by lines on ground. See Boun- 
 
 dary; Survey. 
 
 3. In survey. See Survey. 
 
 CALLOWHILL STREET, PHILADELPHIA. 
 
 Width of, 6 S. & R. 522. 
 
 CANALS. 
 
 1. Act of 1826 authorizing, construed, 14 Wr. 425 ; 3 S. 
 
 477. 
 
 2. Acts of 1841 and 1857 relative to, construed, 1 S. 
 
 351. 
 
 3. Contract for construction and use of, construed, 5 
 
 W. & S. 129. 
 
 4. Contract for use of surplus water, construed, 5 C. 
 
 170 ; 1 S. 351. 
 
 5. Contract as grant of tolls by legislature, construed, 
 
 5 S. 180. 
 
 6. What are necessary parts of, 8 W. & S. 34 ; 3 H. 351. 
 
 7. Act authorizing sale of, construed, 6 C. 9; IS. 351 ; 
 
 2 S. 117. 
 
 8. Rights and liability of purchasers of, 2 S. 117; 9 S. 
 
 174; 18 S. 357. 
 
 9. Dangers of navigation on, defined, 9 W. 87; 4 Wh. 
 
 204. 
 
 10. Abandonment of, 3 S. 477. 
 
 11. Superintendent of, a disbursing officer, 3 Barr 27'^. 
 
148 CANAL BOATS— CANAL COMPANY. 
 
 CANAL BOATS. 
 
 1. Rule as to passing, 1 Barr 44. 
 
 2. Liability of master op, 1 Barr 44. 
 
 3. Liability of owner, 2 Barr 323. 
 
 CANAL COMMISSIONERS. 
 
 I. Law authorizing election of, sustained, 7 W. & S. 
 
 127. 
 
 II. Quorum for business meetings, 9 W. 446. 
 
 III. Powers of. 
 
 1. To regulate tolls, 5 W. & S. 388. 
 
 2. Under Improvement Laws, 13 Wr. 424. 
 
 3. As to building on embankment of railroad, 6 H. 
 
 334. 
 
 4. To take land for use of employees, 7 H. 456. 
 
 5. To apply for injunction against sale of public 
 works, 6 C. 9. 
 
 CANAL COMPANY. 
 
 1. Liability for land taken, 4 R. 130 ; 2 P. & W. 462; 2 
 
 W. 190; 5 Wh. 482; 4 W. & S. 362; IJ. 176; 8 Wr. 
 418. ' 
 
 2. Petition for jury to assess damages, 16 S. & R. 40; 4 
 
 R. 358 ; 4 W. & S. 362. 
 Where cognisable, 2 W. 270. 
 
 3. Venire for, is a suit at law, 1 J. 176. 
 
 4. Report of viewers, 1 P. & W. 462; 2 W. 190, 418; 1 
 
 W. & S. 346. 
 
 Exceptions to, 2 W. 190. 
 
 Appeal from, 2 R. 438. 
 
 Power of court over, 1 P. & W. 462 ; 5 Wh. 482. 
 
 Presumption as to satisfaction of, 1 J. 176. 
 
 Release of, 1 P. & W. 462. 
 
 Costs on, 2 R. 438. 
 
 4. Right of to lands taken by, 1 Wh. 410 ; 8 H. 200. 
 
 5. Right to tolls, 5 W. & S. 388. 
 
 6. Taxation of. See Taxation. 
 
 7. Liability of as to bridges. See Bridges, IV. 1. 
 
 8. Liability for injury by water, 4 R. 9; 6 Barr 379; 7 
 
 5. 134; 9 C. 73. 
 
 9. Liability for injury by decay of bridges, 13 S. 290. 
 10. Liability for working on Sunday, 12 H. 270 ; 9 C. 288. 
 
CANAL COMPANY— CAPITAL. 149 
 
 CANAL GOUT? A'NY— continued. 
 
 11. Liability to levy and sale of easement owned by, 8 
 
 H. 200. 
 
 12. Liability for abuse of chartered privileges, 9 0. 73. 
 
 13. Liability for not repairing, 4 Wr. 256 ; 10 Wr. 223. 
 
 14. Liability for water rights taken or injured, 4 W. & 
 
 S. 85; 6 W. & S. 114; 4 H. 192; 14 Wr. 268; 14 S. 
 387. 
 
 15. Certificate of loan of, 4 W. & S. 553. 
 
 'CANCELLATION. 
 
 I. Of contract. 
 
 Power of Court of Equity to enforce, 8 W. & S. 172 ; 1 
 Wh. 374 ; 4 Wh. 114, 382 ; 5 Wh. 371; 6 Barr 371 ; 
 4 H. 59; 10 H. 245; 11 H. 117; 6 C. 99; 7 C. 
 204; 8 C. 89, 99; 4 Wr. 474; 6 Wr. 114; 7 Wr. 
 43; 4 S. 472; 7 S. 166; 9 S. 84 ; 11 S. 427; 17 
 S. 404 ; 20 S. 204. 
 
 II. Of bond. 
 
 Generally, 2 Y. 37; 6 B. 78 ; 7 Barr 211. 
 Power of court to order, 7 Wr. 43. 
 in. Of deed, 4 H. 59 ; 4 Wr. 479 ; 5 S. 269, 273 ; 7 S. 267 ; 
 17 S. 404. See ante, I. 
 
 IV. Of subscription, 12 Wr. 29. 
 
 V. Of will, 2 D. 267, 286; 2 Y. 170, 178 ; 2 B. 110 ; 4 S. 
 
 & R. 29; 8 S. & R. 573; 10 W. 153 ; 2 W. & S. 255, 
 455; 8 W. & S. 26, 275; 10 Barr 82; IJ. 196, 430; 7 
 C. 25; 5 S. 424; 8 S. 238. 
 
 CAMDEN AND PHILADELPHIA STEAM COMPANY. 
 Chartered rights of, 8 H. 398. 
 
 CAPACITY. 
 
 1. To contract. See Contract; Deed; Married Women; 
 
 Minor. 
 
 2. To make will. See Married Women ; Will. 
 
 CAPITAL CASES. 
 
 Challenge of jurors in. See Challenge. 
 Review of in error. See Error. 
 
 Jurisdiction of United States courts in. See United States 
 Courts. 
 
 CAPITAL. 
 1. Of broker. 
 
 Taxation of, 10 Wr. 31. 
 
150 CAPITAL— CAPTURE. 
 
 CA'PITAL— continued. 
 2. In will. 
 
 Definition of, 11 "Wr. 84. 
 
 CAPIAS. • 
 
 I. Ad respondendum. 
 
 1. When an original writ, 1 D. 442. 
 
 2. Against executors, 2 B. 436. 
 
 3. Against freeholder, 1 D. 246 ; 3 B. 280. 
 
 4. Against joint defendants, 2 D. 378, 880; 3 Wh. 175. 
 
 5. Affidavit required for under Act of June 13, 
 
 1836, 3 Wh. 10. 
 
 6. Action for malicious suing out of, 1 P. & W. 232. 
 
 7. Effect of discharge from, 2 Gr. 416. 
 
 II. Ad satisfaciendum. 
 
 1. Against suitor in court, 1 D. 356; 4 D. 124, 388; 1 
 
 Y. 25. 
 
 2. When improper after fieri facias, 9 S; & R. 9. 
 
 3. Against bankrupt, 3 Y. 182; 4 Y. 140. 
 
 4. Against freeholder, 1 D. 310, 348, 486; 3 D. 407; 
 
 3 B. 380, 404, 407; 1 S. & R. 363; 8 S. & R. 139. 
 
 5. Justification of officer on, 3 B. 404 ; 3 S. & R. 139. 
 
 6. Effect of on judgment. 4 D. 214, 277 ; 2 B. 218 ; 1 
 
 P. & W. 278, 279; 9 W. 396; 18 S. 389. 
 
 7. Discharge from, 1 D. 348; 4 D. 277 ; 3 Y. 182 ; 3 B. 
 
 404 ; 9 W. 288. 
 
 8. Return to, 1 D. 348; 3 B. 286; 5 R. 249. 
 
 III. Ad computandum. 
 
 1. Power of court over, 8 Y. 83. 
 
 CAPTURE. 
 
 Of neutral vessels, 2 D. 18, 20, 34, 85, 86, 198, 274. 
 
 Duty of crew in case of, 1 D. 206 ; 2 B. 574. 
 
 Basis of right to benefit by, 1 D. 195 ; 2 D. 88. 
 
 Legality of, 2 D. 5, 40, 41, 138, 169. 
 
 Proof of, 2 D. 22. 
 
 For examination, 3 D. 884. 
 
 What possession necessary, 3 D. 193. 
 
 Effect of, 1 D. 10, 201; 2 D. 2, 6, 38„39 ; 3 D. 138, 198, 384, 
 
 510; 4 D. 447, 457, 463; 1 Y. 157; 2 Y. 392; 3 Y. 
 
 445 ; 4 Y. 159 ; 7 Wr. 491 ; 11 Wr. 166. 
 Sale of captured property 3 D. 388. 
 Abandonment of, 3 D. 198, 333 ; 2 B. 574. 
 
CARBON COUNTY— CARRIERS. 151 
 
 CARBON COUNTY. 
 
 Liability of sureties of tax collector in, 11 S. 182. 
 
 CARE. 
 
 1. Ordinary, 4 H. 463 ; 5 H. 365 ; 11 H. 209 ; 6 0. 454 ; 
 
 7 C. 510 ; 3 S. 436 ; 7 S. 248 ; 18 S. 147. 
 Who bound to use, 1 S. 134 ; 7 S. 248. 
 
 2. Extraordinary, 3 S. 436, 442 ; 4 S. 345. 
 
 CARGO. 
 
 1. What included in, 1 D. 205 ; 2 D. 275. 
 
 2. Delivery of manifest of, 1 D. 205. 
 
 3. Sale of by master, 10 Barr 114 ; 2 Wr. 176. 
 
 CAROLINA. 
 
 Lawful money of, 3 Y. 321. 
 
 CARRIAGES. 
 
 Taxation of, 3 D. 171. 
 
 CARRIERS. 
 
 L Who are, 8 B. 72 ; 5 R. 179 ; 1 W. & S. 285 ; 3 Barr 
 342; 6 H. 40; 10. 120; 8 C. 208, 212; 13 S. 51. 
 
 II. By railroad, water, and carriage, distinguished, 19 
 
 S. 374. 
 
 III. Contracts with. 
 
 1. Proof of knowledge as to terms, 8 H. 171. 
 
 2. Controlled by custom, 19 S. 352. 
 
 3. "Dangers of rivers," construed, 8 W. & S. 144. 
 
 4. " Consignee paying freight," construed, 1 W. & S. 222. 
 
 5. Inevitable accident, exception as to, implied, 8 H. 
 
 171. 
 
 6. Special contract with, 6 W. & S. 495; 6 H. 229; 11 
 
 H. 532 ; 6 C. 242 ; 1 S. 315 ; 5 S. 59 ; 19 S. 394. 
 Effect of blockade on, 3 S. & R. 559. 
 
 IV. Rights of. 
 
 1. To USE railroads, 12 H. 378. 
 
 2. To protection by notice op extent of liability, 5 
 
 R. 179 ; 6 W. & S. 495 ; 8 W. & S. 369 ; 8 Bair 479 ; 
 4 H. 68, 171 ; 8 C. 208, 214, 224 ; 3 Gr. 351 ; 5 S. 
 55, 140 ; 17 S. 211 ; 19 S. 394. 
 
 3. To general average, 3 B. 295 ; 4 Wh. 301. 
 
 4. To true statement as to value of articles deliv- 
 
 ered to, 4 H. 468 ; 7 H. 243 ; 3 W. & S. 21. 
 
 5. To lien for freight and advances, 10 W. 384 ; 7 W. 
 
152 CARRIERS. 
 
 CARRIERS— cowimwed 
 
 & S. 468 ; 1 C. 120 ; 1 Wr. 170 ; 2 Gr. 139, 397, 462 ; 
 9 S. 32. 
 
 6. To PROTECTION UNDER CUSTOM, 7 H. 243. 
 
 7. To COMPENSATION BEFORE SERVICE OP WRIT IN REPLE- 
 
 VIN, 2 H. 48. 
 
 8. Explain receipt in bill of lading, 6 H. 224. 
 
 9. as to payment for goods lost in transitu, 9 wr. 419. 
 10. Sales by, effect of on title, 8 S. & R. 500. 
 
 V. Duties op. 
 
 1. General rules as to, 8 0. 212 ; 3 Gr. 351. 
 
 2. As TO terms and conditions, 18 S. 370. 
 
 3. As TO MEANS of TRANSPORTATION, 4 B. 127; 2 W. 114 ; 
 
 9 H. 204; 13 S. 14; 18 S. 302. 
 
 4. As TO RECEIPT OP GOODS, 6 W. & S. 62. 
 
 5. As TO PROTECTION OP GOODS, 6 H. 224; 13 S. 114. 
 
 6. As TO FORWARDING GOODS, 6 W. & S. 62 ; 10 S. 109 ; 11 
 
 S. 81 ; 13 S. 270 ; 18 S. 302; 19 S. 395. 
 
 7. As TO NOTICE OF ARRIVAL OP GOODS, 3 S. 411; 10 S. 109. 
 
 8. As TO DELIVERY OF GOODS, 1 R. 203; 6 Wh. 435, 443, 
 
 505 ; 5 W. & S. 123 ; 6 W. & S. 62 ; 6,C. 247; 2 Gr. 
 397; 10 S. 109, 116; 18 S. 302. 
 
 9. As TO GOODS ATTACHED IN CUSTODY OF, 2 C. 340. 
 
 10. To PROVE SEA WORTHINESS OF VESSEL IN CASE OF LOSS, 
 
 4B. 127; 2 W. 118; 12 H. 521. 
 
 VI. Powers op. 
 
 1. To TRANSFER PROPERTY DELIVERED FOR TRANSPORTA- 
 
 TION, 8 S. & R. 500 ; 3 W. 178. 
 
 2. To DEVIATE FROM VOYAGE, 4 Wh. 204. 
 
 3. Op agent of, 10 C. 69; 3 S. 411. 
 
 4. To sell goods in transit, 8 S. & R. 500. 
 
 VII. Liability of. 
 
 1. Commencement of, 1 C. 338 ; 13 S. 268, 270. 
 
 2. Termination op, 1 R. 203; 6 Wh. 505; 5 W. & S. 123; 
 
 6 W. & S. 62; 10 S. 109. 
 
 3. General rule as to liability, 8 II. 171 ; 2 C. 340 ; 8 
 
 C. 212; 3 Gr. 351; 13 S. 268; 19 S. 395. 
 
 4. To presumption op negligence, 4 B. 127; 2 W. 118; 
 
 i2 H. 521; 5 S. 140. 
 
 5. Under special custom, 2 B. 72 ; 8 S. & R. 533; 2 W. 
 
 443; 1 W. & S. 285. 
 
CARRIERS. 153 
 
 GAUUIERS— continued. 
 
 6. Under special contract as to terms, 9 W. 87 ; 1 W. 
 
 &S. 281; 6W. &S. 495; 8 Barr 479 ; 4 H. 67 ; 6 
 H. 224; 8 H. 172; 6 C. 242; 1 S. 315; 4 S. 77, 
 251; 5 S. 53, 59; 11 S. 81; 12 S. 47, 84; 13 S. 14; 
 19 S. 394. 
 
 7. Under general advertisement as to terms, 5 R. 
 
 179; 4 W. 424 ; 6 W. & S. 494; 8 W. & S. 369; 4 
 H. 68, 171 ; 6 H. 224 ; 6 C. 242 ; 8 C. 208, 213, 214 ; 
 1 S. 315; 5 S. 53, 55; 17 S. 211, 500. 
 
 8. For acts and declarations of agent, 10 C. 69 ; 3 S. 
 
 411. 
 
 9. For loss of goods falsely labelled, 3 W. & S. 21. 
 
 10. For ACCiDENi;, 4 B. 127; 6 W. 424; 6 W. & S. 44; 9 
 
 Barr 114 ; 8 H. 171, 175; 1 C. 338 ; 3 Gr. 351 ; 3 S. 
 411; 4 S. 251; 5S. 140; 9 S. 32 ; 11 S. 81; 17 S. 
 211 ; 19 S. 399. 
 
 11. For defective vehicle, 13 S. 14. 
 
 12. Under stipulation in way-bill, 4 W. 424 ; 5 S. 55; 
 
 17 S. 211, 500. 
 
 13. For injury by collision, 10 Wr. 151 ; 3 Gr. 351. 
 
 14. For goods carried beyond their line, 9 Wr. 208 ; 4 
 
 S. 77; 11 S. 81; 13 S. 14; 18 S. 272. 
 
 15. For tort of preceding carrier, 8 C. 270. 
 
 16. For goods stolen, 3 W. 521 ; 3 W. & S. 21 ; 12 C. 
 
 361. 
 
 17. For loss or injury by negligence, 2 D. 275 ; 4 B. 
 
 127; 5 R. 179; 2 W. 114, 116, 443; 5 W. 446; 10 
 W. 335 ; 4 Wh. 204; 6 Wh. 335, 424, 435, 505 ; 3 W. 
 & S. 21 ; 5 W. & S. 125 ; 3 Barr 342 ; 2 H. 129 ; 8 
 H. 97; 4 C. 511; 12 C. 361; 9 Wr. 419; 13 S. 14; 
 17 S. 500. 
 
 18. As INSURER, 1 J. 520; 4 S. 251; 5 S. 53; 19 S. 395. 
 
 19. As warehousemen, 9 Barr 114; 1 C. 338; 6 C. 247; 
 
 9 S. 32. 
 
 20. To contribution with insurer, 1 J. 520. 
 
 21. On transhipment of goods, 8 W. & S. 44 ; 8 C. 270 ; 
 
 9 S. 32; 18 S. 272. 
 
 22. For injury done to passenger, 4 W. & S. 179. See 
 
 Railroads. 
 
 23. For not delivering goods as per consignment, 5 R. 
 
 179; 5 W. & S. 435; 19 S. 394. 
 
154 CARRIERS— CASE. 
 
 GARniERS— continued. 
 
 24. To SUB CARRIER, 6 B. 129; 6 S. & R. 439. 
 
 VIII. Action against. 
 
 1. Assumpsit, 6 W. 47; 7 W. 175, 524. 
 
 2. Evidence in, 6 W. 424; 8 W. 479; 10 W. 335; 2 H. 
 
 129; 1 H. 68; 8 H. 171, 497; 10 C. 69 ; 5 S. 53. 
 
 3. Measure of damages against, 6 W. 424; 10 W. 418 ; 
 
 6 C. 231; 12 C. 360; 2 S. 461. 
 
 4. Foreign attachment, 2 H. 129. 
 
 CART WAY. 
 
 Ordinance relative to width of, construed, 5 Wr. 63. 
 
 CASUS OMISSUS. 
 In intestate law, 4 D. 64 ; 2 B. 279. 
 
 CASE. 
 
 I. Action for tout. 
 
 1. Distinguished from trespass, 1 Y. 586; 2 S. & R. 
 350 ; 8 S. & R. 215 ; 4 S. & R. 19; 6 S. & R. 343 ; 
 12 S. & R. 210; 7 W. 62, 214; 8 W. 227; 1 J. 300; 
 3 C. 26; 6 C. 344; 8 C. 168; 3 Wr. 177; 14 Wr. 
 495; 1 S. 190; 14 S. 141. 
 
 II. When it lies. 
 
 1. When injury is in consequenob of an illegal act, 1 
 
 Y. 586; 11 S. & R. 71 ; 10 Wr. 115; 6 S. 23. 
 
 2. For disturbing auction sale. See Auction. 
 
 3. Title necessary for plaintiffs, 1 J. 141. 
 
 4. For disturbing religious ■worship, 1 W. & S. 548. 
 
 5. For conspiracy. See Conspiracy. 
 
 6. For debauching plaintiff's daughter, 3 S. & R. 215; 
 
 8 S. & R. 36 ; 3 P. & W. 49 ; 7 W. 302 ; 2 H. 282. 
 
 7. For breach of promise of marriage. See Marriage. 
 
 8. For malicious arrest, 3 S. & R. 142. 
 
 9. For malicious suit or action, 10 W. 115. 
 
 10. For malicious prosecution. See Malicious Prose- 
 
 cution. 
 
 11. For deceit. See Deceit. 
 
 12. For enticing plaintiff's wife away, 8 W. 355. 
 
 13. For injury from interferenck with contract of 
 
 sale, 18 S. 46. 
 
 14. For selling goods exempt from distress and execu- 
 
CASE— CASE STATED. 155 
 
 CASE — continued. 
 
 TION, 7 W. & S. 14; 6 H. 307 ; 7 H. 255; 1 C. 252; 
 4 C. 238 ; 6 C. 264, 267 ; 10 C. 187, 201 ; 8 Wr. 
 442 ; 3 Gr. 240. 
 
 15. Foe refusing to set apart goods to widow of dece- 
 
 dent, 6 H. 307; 7 H. 255; 1 C. 252; 10 C. 86, 187, 
 201. 
 
 16. For interfering with right of way, 1 Wh. 333 ; 4 
 
 Barr 486. 
 
 17. For refusing to allow transfer of stock, 8 S. & R. 
 
 73; 5 Barr 345; 6 H. 78. 
 
 18. For refusing to deliver specific articles under 
 
 contract, 2 D. 254; 2 P. & W. 63; 3 W. 277. 
 
 19. For injury to freehold, 7 W. & S. 9. 
 
 20. For waste, 12 S. &. R. 272. 
 
 21. For certificate of debt fraudulently taken, 8 D. 
 
 357, 864. 
 
 22. For use of fraudulent writing, 4 R. 141. 
 
 28. For flooding lands of plaintiff, 1 R. 27 ; 4 W. 317 ; 
 
 7 W. & S. 9 ; 10 Barr 93. See also, Dams. 
 
 24. For nuisance, 5 B. 468; 2 R. 83 ; 3 P. & W. 180; 4 
 
 W. 102; 9 W. 119 ; 3 W. & S. 541 ; 1 Barr 809 ; 1 C. 
 503. 
 
 25. For injury hesulting from legal act, 9 W. 582 ; 1 
 
 J. 144. See also, Negligence. 
 
 26. For injury by machinery, 9 "W. & S. 232. 
 
 III. Damages in. 
 
 1. General rule as to, 4 D. 206 ; 8 Barr 22 ; 2 H. 98 ; 
 
 8 Wr. 168; 10 S. 48; 11 S. 302, 305; 16 S. 894. 
 
 IV. Costs in. See Costs. 
 
 CASE STATED. 
 1. Substitute for special verdict, 1 C. 312. 
 ,2. Report of facts substituted for, 14 S. 396. 
 
 3. Form of. 
 
 As to nature of action, 9 H. 418. 
 
 As to facts, 2 P. & W. 333 ; 4 W. 312 ; 3 Wh. 143 ; 1 
 
 H. 44: 6 H. 498; 8 H. 100, 104; 9 H. 413 ; 1 C. 
 
 312 ; 10 Wr. 266 ; 4 S. 387 ; 8 S. 461. 
 
 4. When proper, 9 H. 418. 
 
 5. Power of attorney to bind client by, 14 Wr. 85. 
 
 6. What waived by agreement for, 17 S. & R. 337. 
 
156 CASE STATED— CAVEAT EMPTOR. 
 
 CASE STATED— continued. 
 
 7. Sdbstitution for lost, 1 C. 312. 
 
 8. When eviijence, 4 W. 308 ; 8 Barr 32. 
 
 9. Discontinuance of, 2 B. 454 ; 4 W. 308. 
 
 10. PaOCEEDINGS ON, EVIDENCE ONLY OF FACTS SUBMITTED, 2 
 
 Gr. 34. 
 
 11. Judgment on, 10 H. 194 ; 14 S. 395. 
 
 12. Review of on error, 8 S. & R. 529; 8 W. & S. 44; 9 
 
 H. 309, 413. 
 
 CASE IN POINT. 
 
 Not noticed on argument unless presented, 3 D. 414. 
 
 CASH SALE. 
 
 1. Condition implied in, 8 C. 13. 
 
 2. Right of vender on, 1 H. 149. 
 
 3. Effect of part payment on, 8 C. 13. 
 
 CATTLE. 
 
 Right of owner for injury to, 6 C. 454; 13 Wr. 103; 1 S. 
 
 240. 
 Liability of owner of, 6 Barr 472 ; 5 S. 227. 
 Removal of, trespassing, 8 C. 65. 
 
 CAUSA PROXIMO NON REMOTA SPECTATUR. 
 
 Application of maxim, 8 H. 171; 11- H. 196; 10 Wr. 151, 
 192; 12 Wr. 313 ; 3 S. 441 ; 12 S. 353; 20 S. 86. 
 
 CASHIER OF BANK. See Bank ; Bank Officers. 
 
 CAUTIONARY JUDGMENTS, 1 Y. 253 ; 5 B. 585 ; 2 Barr 
 96 ; 9 Barr 86 ; 12 C. 170 ; 9 Wr. 49 ; 2 S. 458. 
 
 CAUSE OF ACTION. See Action. 
 
 CAVEAT. 
 In land oiSce. 
 Parties to, 3 Barr 115. 
 Notice of, 7 Barr 115. 
 Filing of, 2 Y. 88 ; 7 Wr. 197. 
 Admission by caveator, 1 S. & R. 526. 
 Eifect of payment to surveyor for entering, 2 Y. 224. 
 Effect of in action of trespass, 5 C. 200. 
 
 CAVEAT EMPTOR. 
 
 Application of maxim, 2 D. 91; 5 S. & R. 223; 7 S. & R. 
 480; 9 S. & R. 156, 399; 11 S. & R. 134; 3 P. & W."" 
 
CAVEAT EMPTOR— CEI^TIFIC ATE. 157 
 
 CAVEAT ^yiVT on— continued. 
 
 447; 2 W. 140 ; 3 W. 490; 5 W. 305; 8 W. 48; 9 W. 
 305; 10 W. 9; 8 W. & S. 444; 4 Barr 153, 171; 8 Barr 
 206; 1 H. 121; 6 H. 199; 9 0. 277; 3 Wr. 88. 
 
 CEMETERY. 
 
 1. Dedication or, 6 Wr. 182. 
 
 2. Prohibition of within municipal limits, 16 S. 423. 
 
 3. Location of street in, 2 Gr. 455. 
 
 4. Removal of under Act of Assembly, 1 Barr 320 ; 16 S. 
 
 411. 
 
 5. Right of lot holder in, 16 S. 411. 
 
 6. May be terminus of public road, 13 S. 471. 
 
 7. Validity op patent to mayor of Philadelphia for, 4 
 
 Y. 272, 379. 
 
 CERTIFICATE. 
 
 1. On appeal from Circuit Court, 2 B. 270. 
 
 2. Of auditor-general, 2 W. 347 ; 4 Barr 129. 
 
 3. In bankruptcy. See Bankruptcy. 
 
 4. Op county commissioner, 5 W. 248. 
 
 5. Of records, 6 S. & R. 206; 13 S. & R. 135, 334; 16 S. 
 
 & R. 106, 326 ; 2 W. & S. 233 ; 7 W. & S. 211 ; 4 Barr 
 291, 429 ; 9 Wr, 198 ; 11 C. 111. 
 
 6. As to land within New York lines, 2 B. 270. 
 
 7. Of canal company loan, 4 W. & S. 583. 
 
 8. Of counsel for special jury, 4 Y. 361. 
 
 9. Of debt of the United States procured by fraud, 3 
 
 D. 364. 
 
 10. Of acknowledgment of deed. See Deed. 
 
 11. Of Eranklin Institute, 3 Wh. 26. 
 
 12. Of surveyor-general, 1 Y. 295; 4 B. 150 ; 10 S. & R. 
 
 388; 1 W. 157; 4 W. 847 ; 5 W. 60; 2 Barr 245; 4 
 Barr 429. 
 
 13. Of witness as to fact in controversy, 2 W. 180; 3 W. 
 
 110; 4 W. 424; 3 S. 195. 
 
 14. Of judges as to special court, 14 S. & R. 405. 
 
 15. Op jury in favor of defendant, 5 S. & R. 117 ; 17 S. 
 
 6 R. 884 ; 2 W. 228, 451 ; 3 W. 301 ; 9 W. & S. 567 ; 
 
 7 H. 95 ; 2 Wr. 128 ; 9 S. 450, 454. 
 
 16. Of land office, 1 Y. 297, 513 ; 2 Y. 81 ; 4 B. 314 ; 4 
 
 S. & R. 174 ; 4 Barr 129. 
 
158 CERTIFICATE— CEKTIORARI. 
 
 GERTimGAlE— continued. 
 
 17. Of notary public. See Notary Public. 
 
 18. Of mayor of city, 12 Wr. 46. 
 
 19. Of foreign notary, 9 Wr. 193. 
 
 20. Of corporation, 10 Wr. 48. 
 
 21. Of election, 11 Wr. 292. 
 
 22. Of naval accountant, 1 B. 531. 
 
 23. Of Virginia land commissioner, 1 Y. 573 ; 2 Y. 440, 
 
 448. 
 
 24. Of war department, 8 S. 106. 
 
 25. Of foreign governor, 3 D. 39, 42. 
 
 26. Of stock. See Stock. 
 
 27. Of deposits, 6 W. & S. 227. 
 
 Distinguished from promissory note, 6 W. & S. 227 : 3 
 
 H. 172. 
 Transfer of, 6 W. & S. 227 ; 12 C. 498. 
 Forged, 8 W. & S. 353. 
 Presentment of to bank, 8 W. & S. 353. 
 Notice of non-payment of, 8 W. & S. 353. 
 
 CERTIORARI. 
 
 In civil suit. 
 
 1. Where it lies generally, 6 Wh. 40; 5 Barr 125; 7 S. 
 
 452. 
 
 2. A substitute for avrit of error, 6 Wh. 40. 
 
 '3. What brought up on, 4 C. 185; 5 Wr. 144; 4 S. 353. 
 
 4. Limitations as to, 9 Barr 216. 
 
 5. To REMOVE CASE FROM JuSTICES' COURT. 
 
 Allowance of, 5 B. 24 ; 2 S. & R. 363 ; 3 S. & R. 94 ; 12 
 
 S. & R. 53 ; 13 S. & R. 254 ; 2 R. 20 ; 3 AV. 363 ; 
 
 6 W. & S. 522 ; 11 C. 511 ; 1 Wr. 385 ; 12 Wr. 53. 
 When a matter of right, 9 Barr 216. 
 In landlord and tenant cases, 4 D. 414 ; 4 Y. 525 ; 4 B. 
 
 185; 1 R. 317; 6 R. 460; 17 S. 149. 
 When to be taken out, 12 S. & R. 53; 9 Barr 215. 
 Service of, 4 Y. 418. 
 Return to, 1 Y. 248, 471. 
 
 Effect of, 4 D. 214 ; 4 Y. 560 ; 5 Barr 125 ; 7 Wr. 372. 
 Preference as to hearing of, 2 B. 145. 
 What heard on, 1 D. 405 ; 2 D. 77, 114, 115 ; 1 Y. 251 ; 
 
 3 Y. 479 ; 4 Y. 372 ; 2 B. 250 ; 5 B. 29, 81 ; 2 8. 
 
 & R. 112; 4 S. & R. 269; 17 S. & R. 142; 4 R. 
 
 194; 10 W. 53; 6 Wh. 41: 5 Barr 125; 1 S. 48j 
 
 10 S. 107; 11 S. 491; 16 S. 459. 
 
CERTIORARI. 159 
 
 CERTIORARI— conimwei. 
 
 Issue of fact on, 10 W. 53. 
 
 Rule as to filing exceptions on, 8 S. & R. 336. 
 
 Effect of decision of court on, 1 B. 415 ; 2 S. & R. 112. 
 
 4 S. ■& R. 269 ; 3 P. & W. 21 ; 1 W. 532 ; 3 Wh. 
 
 12 ; 1 C. 134, 350 ; 7 Wr. 111. 
 Costs on, 1 W. 532 ; 4 W. 450. 
 Execution on, 1 D. 410; 3 P. & W. 21 ; 1 W. 532. 
 
 6. To REMOVE CASES FROM CoMMON PlEAS. 
 
 Return to writ, 4 Y. 418 ; 1 S. & R. 471. 
 
 On assize of nuisance, 1 B. 251 ; 2 B. 192. 
 
 In insolvent cases, 1 Wr. 275. 
 
 In foreign attachment, 1 Y. 255. 
 
 In debt on arbitration bond, 1 D. 22. 
 
 In ejectment, 4 Y. 560. 
 
 In case of lunacy, 4 R. 360. 
 
 In landlord and tenant cases, 1 R. 317. 
 
 What heard on, 2 Y. 162 ; 4 Y. 372 ; 2 B. 250 ; 7 S. & 
 R. 180; 16 S. & R. 320; 3 R. 273; 4 R. 194; 9 
 W. 47 ; 6 Wh. 25, 41 ; 2 Barr 144 ; 5 Barr 129 : 1 
 H. 390; 2 H. 486; 7 H. 137; 7 C. 303; ll'C. 
 416; 12 C. 80; 3 Wr. 302. 
 
 7. To REMOVE CASE FROM ARBITRATORS, 2 D. 191. 
 
 8. To REMOVE CASE FROM Orphans' Court. See Orphans' 
 
 Court. 
 
 9. To REMOVE case FROM QUARTER SESSIONS. 
 
 In road cases, 1 Y. 3 ; 4 Y. 433 ; 2 B. 250; 5 B. 24, 481 ; 
 
 1 W. 307 ; 7 Wr. 144. 
 In pauper cases, 10 C. 231 ; 8 Wr. 60. 
 In desertion cases, 2 S. & R. 363. 
 In school cases, 1 Wr. 385. 
 
 In election cases, 5 Wr. 403; 7 Wr. 372, 384; 15 S. 20. 
 In borough cases, 3 Gr. 203. 
 On distribution of proceeds of forfeited recognisances, 
 
 10 C. 165. 
 
 10. To Circuit Court of the United States from Supreme 
 
 Court, 3 D. 411, 415; 4 D. 214; 4 Y. 372; 2 B. 250; 
 5 B. 390; 4 R. 194; 6 Wh. 41; 12 H. 103; 3 Gr. 412. 
 
 11. To court-martial, 6 B. 176; 3 S. & R. 169, 390. 
 
 12. To Mayor's Court, 1 Y. 471; 5 R. 119. 
 
 13. What brought up on, 7 W. 527 ; 5 H. 38 ; 7 H. 187 ; 9 
 
 H. 46; 11 C. 416; 3 Gr. 203; 7 S. 453, 495; 8 S. 209. 
 
 14. What heard on, 7 S. & R. 498; 12 S. & R. 479; 1 IL 
 
 389; 10 C. 189, 440; 7 S. 495. 
 
 15. In criminal cases, 4 D. 302. 318; 4 Y. 314; 2 B. 257; 
 
 2 S. & R. 453. 
 
160 CESTUI QUE TKUST. 
 
 CESTUI QUE TRUST. 
 
 I. Rights op. 
 
 1. To LEGAL ESTATE, I D. 72 ; 5 W. 423 ; 9 W. 64; 1 Wh. 
 
 521; 1 W. &S. 9,163; 12 H. 489; 2C. 227; 8 C. 18; 
 
 1 Wr. 31; 9 Wr. 216; 12 Wr. 118 ; 14 Wr. 143, 404, 
 493; 6 S. 228; 7 S. 238, 352; 9 S. 393, 397; 10 S. 
 492,493; 14 S. 216; 18 S. 34. 
 
 2. To SET ASIDE PURCHASE BY TRUSTEES, 2 Wh. 52. 
 
 3. To SET ASIDE SALE OF TRUSTEES, 9 BaiT 280. 
 
 4. To INSTITUTE SUIT, 1 D. 72 ; 13 S. & R. 434; 14 S. & 
 
 R. 105; 4 W. 77; 9 Barr 473; 1 J. 120; 1 H. 451; 
 
 2 C. 67. 
 
 5. As AGAINST TRUSTEE, 13 S. & R. 434; 14 S. & R. 105; 3 
 
 P. & W. 398; 2 W. 95 ; 4 W. 77 ; 5 W. 303; 2 Wh. 
 52; 2 W. & S. 566; 4 W. & S. 426, 456; 6 W. 
 & S. 18 ; 5 Barr 413; 7 Barr 175 ; 9 Barr 416 ; 1 H. 
 451; 6 H. 283; 12 H. 154, 175, 233; 2 C. 67; 8 C. 
 315; 9 C. 351; 11 C. 245; 12 C. 174; 1 Wr. 66; 3 
 Wr. 167; 6 Wr. 132, 257; 2 Gr. 89; 3 S. 146; 14 S. 
 334; 15 S. 224; 20 S. 360. 
 
 6. To PROTECTION IN EQUITY, 3 W. & S. 280. 
 
 7. To ACTION FOR WASTE, 2 Gr. 334. 
 
 8. Devise to, construed, 7 W. & S. 19. 
 
 9. To CONTROL OF LEGACY BY, 9 Barr 474. 
 
 10. To proceeds of real estate DEVISED TO EXECUTOR IN 
 
 TRUST, 9 W. & S. 56; 10 C. 121. 
 
 11. As AGAINST ASSIGNEE FOR CREDITORS, 6 Wr. 235. 
 
 II. Liability op. 
 
 1. To SURETIES for MONEY ADVANCED, 1 B. 136; 10 S. 
 
 423. 
 
 2. To LEVY AND SALE OF INTEREST, 1 Wh. 521; 7 W. & S. 
 
 19. 
 
 3. To ATTACHMENT OP INCOME IN HANDS OP TRUSTEES, 17 
 
 S. 473. 
 
 4. For delay, 8 S. & R. 484; 5 W. 451. 
 
 5. On notice to trustee, 2 B. 492. 
 
 6. On contracts, 11 Wr. 113. 
 
 7. On admissions by, 19 S. 81. 
 
 III. Release by, 1 S. & R. 275; 4 W. 77; 5 Barr 413; 7 
 Barr 59 ; 6 H. 307 ; 2 C. 67 ; 10 C. 245 ; 14 S. 25. 
 
 IV. Possession by. 
 
 When notice of trust, 14 S. & R. 333. 
 
 V. Distribution op estate op, 2 AVh. 119. 
 
CESTUI QUE USE— CHAMBER SUEVEY. 161 
 
 CESTUI QUE USE. See Use ; Party. 
 CHALLENGE. 
 
 I. To JUKORS IN CIVIL CASES. 
 
 1. Right op, 4 Y. 467. 
 
 2. When to be made, 4 D. 354; ,3 Y. 320; 4 Y. 43, 267; 
 
 5B. 340; IJ. 326. 
 
 3. Peremptory, 4 D. 413; 20 S. 32. 
 
 4. For cause, 3 D. 518 ; 4 D. 113, 353, 436 ; 2 S. & R. 
 
 49; 11 S. &R. 280; 13 S. & R. 110; 14 S. &R. 292; 
 16 S. & R. 214, 351 ; 1 P. & W. 32 ; 4 W. 218 ; 7 W. 
 585; 2 W. & S. 190; 3 W. & S. 420; 6 W. & S. 122; 
 7 W. & S. 415; 7 H. 95; 9 H. 491; 9 Wr. 444; 2 S. 
 485. 
 
 5. Waiver op, 9 Wr. 444. 
 
 6. Efpect op omission, 2 Y. 320 ; 4 Y. 45; 7 S. & R. 116; 
 
 4 W. & S. 176; 3H. 236. 
 
 7. In railroad cases, 4 W. & S. 362. 
 
 8. Under r,oad law in Erie county, 11 Wr. 276. 
 
 9. As to jury op view, 6 S. & R. 351. 
 
 10. To THE ARRAY, 4 Y. 45 ; 6 S. & R. 395 ; 10 S. & R. 
 334 ; 9 C. 338 ; 20 S. 32. 
 
 II. In criminal cases. 
 
 1. To THE ARRAY, 4 Y. 45 ; 6 S. & R. 395; 10 S. & R. 
 
 334; 9 0. 338. 
 
 2. Peremptory. 
 
 Right of prisoner to, 4 D. 413; 1 Wr. 45; 2 Wr. 206 ; 
 
 4 Wr. 462 ; 1 S. 332. 
 Waiver of right, 4 Wr. 462. 
 
 3. For cause. 
 
 Right of Commonwealth, 7 W. 585; 10 H. 94; 1 Wr. 
 
 45; 2 Wr. 206; 4 Wr. 462. 
 When to be made, 11 H. 12. 
 To stand juror aside, 10 H. 94. 
 For cause, 17 S. & R. 155 ; 11 H. 12. 
 
 4. Retraction op challenge, 2 D. 345. 
 
 5. Waiver op right, 3 Y. 320 ; 4 Y. 45; 7 S. & R. 116 ; 
 
 11 S. &R. 153; 5 Wh. 67;12H. 114; 4 Wr. 462 ; 9 
 Wr. 444; 12 Wr. 176. 
 
 CHAMBER SURVEY. 
 
 Nature and validity of, 2 W. 397; 4 Wr. 260; 6 Wr. 268; 
 12 Wr. 38; 5 S. 158; 8 S. 266. 
 11 
 
162 CHAMBERSBURG— CHARGE OF COURT. 
 
 CHAMBERSBURG. 
 
 1. Taxation in, 2 R. 126. 
 
 2. Appropriation to sufferers by fire in, 5 S. 430. 
 
 CHANCERY. 
 
 1. Implication from grant of powers of, 10 W. 333; 1 Gr. 
 
 237. 
 
 2. Practice in, recognised, 1 Y. 358. 
 
 3. Practice in as to issues of fact, 3 Wr. 495. 
 
 4. Motion to withdraw bill in, 3 Wr. 495, 
 
 CHANGE OF CARGO. 
 
 Effect of on insurance policy, 3 D. 510. 
 
 CHANGE OF VENUE. 
 In railroad cases, 8 W. 450. 
 
 CHARACTER. 
 
 1. Of party to suit. 
 
 Admissibility of in evidence, 3 S. & R. 49 ; 5 S. & R. 
 352; 10 S. &R. 55; IP. & W. 297; 8 P. & W. 49; 
 
 5 W. 411; 3 W. & S. 127; 5 W. & S. 364; 12 H. 
 401, 408; 7 C. 198; 10 C. 114; 2 Wr. 104; 4 Wr. 
 467;8Wr.452; llWr. 198; 13Wr.210; 6Barr 170. 
 
 2. Of witness. 
 
 Admissibility of in evidence, 2 S. & R. 236 ; 3 S. & R. 
 336; 10 S. & R. 282; 11 S. & R. 198, 199; 1 P. 
 
 6 W. 40 ; 9 W. 124 ; 3 W. & S. 127 ;■ 3 H. 51 ; 9 
 H. 274; 2 Wr. 104; 4 Wr. 467; 8 Wr. 452; 11 
 Wr. 198 ; 13 Wr. 210 ; 6 S. 488. 
 
 •3, Op deputy surveyor, 12 S. & R. 140. 
 
 CHARGEABLE COMMODITY. 
 
 Sale of in attachment, 1 D. 377, 379; 3 Wr. 60. See 
 Attachment. 
 
 CHARGE DE AFFAIRS. 
 Privilege of, 4 D. 321. 
 
 CHARGE OF COURT. 
 
 I. General rule as to. 
 
 1. Brevity, no ground for reversal, 2 S. & R. 394. 
 
 2. Presumption tn favor of, 9 H. 417 ; 4 C. 135. 
 
 3. Part of the record, 1 S. & R. 298 : 10 S. & R. 14 ; 14 
 
 S. & R. 125; 5 Barr 106, 305; 1 H. 385; 9 S. 51. 
 
 4. Mode of procuring charge as to evidence of fact, 9 
 
 H. 228 ; 16 S. 73. See Bill of Exceptions, V. 3. 
 
 5. Mode when there is an allegation op no evidence, 
 
 9H. 316; 11 H. 176. 
 
CHARGE OF COURT. 163 
 
 CHARGE OF COURT— continued. 
 
 Q. Not regarded in error unless filed on request, 10 
 S. & R. 114 ; 1 Wh. 108. 
 
 7. When to be given, 1 S. & R. 176. 
 
 8. Whole charge must be considered together, 14 S. 
 
 & R. 399. 
 II. As to facts. 
 
 1. May give opinion as to, 1 S. & R. 72 ; 2 S. & R. 373, 
 
 413, 464 ; 4 S. & R. 329, 436 ; 7 S. & R. 230 ; 11 S. 
 & R. 280 ; 14 S. & R. 399 ; 1 R. 420 ; 2 Wb. 508 ; 4 
 Barr 178 ; IJ. 369 ; 2 H. 376 ; 4 H. 269 ; 5 H. 365 ; 
 
 8 H. 210, 354; 9 H. 67 ; 1 C. 323, 377 ; 2 C. 432 ; 7 
 C. 198 ; 1 Wr. 293, 327; 9 Wr. 495; 1 S. 80. 
 
 2. Not bound to say that facts are proved, 6 B. 24 ; 1 
 
 S. & R. 176, 515; 2 S. & R. 70; 3 S. & R. 373 ; 4 
 S. & R. 207, 329; 8 S. & R. 150, 573; 14 S. & R. 
 220; 15 S. & R. 221; 1 P. & W. 383; 3 Wh. 75. 
 
 3. Mistake in regard to facts no ground for rever- 
 
 sal, 2 B. 80; 1 S. & R. 330; 2 S. & R. 464; 3 S. & 
 R. 500 ; 7 S. & R. 230; 3 Barr 50; 4 Barr 178. 
 
 4. May not state legal effect of language of witness, 
 
 1 P. & W. 388; 4 W. 409; 8 H. 331; 1 C. 377; 1 
 Wr. 293, 327; 9 Wr. 449, 495; 11 Wr. 335; 12 Wr. 
 168. 
 
 5. Must submit all facts to jury, 1 S. & R. 515; 2 S. 
 
 & R. 415; 4 S. & R. 329, 407; 8 S. & R. 150, 573; 
 
 9 S. & R. 68; 4 R. 195; 2 P. & W. 263; 5 W. 441 ; 
 8 W. 304; 5 H. 365; 8 H. 210; 9 H. 315; 10 H. 
 431; 11 H. 501. 
 
 6. May comment on conduct of witness, 4 Wh. 150 ; 11 
 
 H. 424. 
 
 7. Must not submit facts, of which there is no evi- 
 
 dence, 3 P. & W. 405; 2 W. 165; 5 W. 183, 275; 6 
 W. 72, 487; 8 W. 385; 4 Wh. 321; 5 W. & S. 85; 1 
 Barr 68; 10 Barr 363; 4 II. 258 ; 8 II. 117 ; 4 C. 519. 
 
 8. May allude to illegal testimony received without 
 
 objection, 3 W. 50. 
 
 9. Must direct jury to disregard illegal testimony, 9 
 
 W. 311; 2 J. 15. 
 
 10. May submit case on circumstantial testimony, 9 W. 
 
 433, 556. 
 
 11. May give binding charge on facts, 1 S. & R. 520; 8 
 
 S. & R. 150; 11 S. & R. 134; 1 P. & W. 385; 1 W. 
 
164 CHARGE OP COURT. 
 
 CHARGE OF COVRT— continued. 
 
 433; 6 W. 468; 8 Barr 273; 7 II. 391; 9 H. 228; 
 10 0. 525. 
 
 12. Must direct juky to true point of inquiry, 9 W. 
 
 455. 
 
 13. Should not decide as to weight of testimony, 1 W. 
 
 & S. 245; 5 W. & S. 87; 1 C. 481; 9 C. 270. 
 
 14. May give opinion as to weight of testimony, 10 Barr 
 
 296; 6 Wr. 432; 9 Wr. 495; 10 Wr. 465. 
 
 15. Should review all facts in cause fairly, 6 W. & S. 
 
 132 ; 1 S. 259. 
 
 16. May give opinion as to damages, 12 Wr. 9. 
 
 17. Need not require jury to be undoubtedly satisfied 
 
 AS to testimony, 1 W. & S. 245. 
 
 18. Must not assume facts in answering points, 2 Barr 
 
 289. 
 
 19. Error in admission of testimony cured by, 6 B. 431 ; 
 
 5 S. & R. 352. 
 
 III. As to matters of law. 
 
 1. Must state law accurately, 1 Y. 441; 3 Y. 496; 2 
 
 B. 80, 323; 1 S. & R. 72; 3 S. & R. 319, 343; 4 S. 
 
 6 R. 207, 467; 8 S & R. 333; 11 S. & R. 319, 349; 
 12 S. & R. 315; 2 P. & W. 263; 3 P. & W. 313; 5 
 W. 27; 9 W. 556; 3 W. & S. 21; 6 W. & S. 175; 5 
 Barr 490; 2 H. 59; 8 H. 336; 6 Wr. 143; 8 Wr. 
 156; 11 Wr. 244; 12 Wr. 301. 
 
 2. Must answer all relevant legal points, 1 S. & R. 
 
 176, 178, 449; 2 S. & R. 44, 49, 394; 3 S. & R. 
 283; 4 S. & R. 298, 427; 5 S. & R. 427; 13 S. & R. 
 119; 1 R. 349; 3 P. & W. 318; 5 W. 27, 483; 6 W. 
 & S. 58; 2 Barr 481; 3 Barr 294, 444; 6 Barr 61; 4 
 
 C. 149; 9 C. 318; 6 Wr. 102, 143, 188; 11 Wr. 244; 
 12 Wr. 301, 321; 2 Gr. 235; 1 S. 134; 20 S. 15, 
 325. 
 
 3. Need not answer in words of point presented, 1 B. 
 
 349; 14 S. & R. 220; 6 Wh. 235; 6 W. & S. 178; 5 
 Barr 176; 10 Barr 145; 5 H. 216; 9 H. 72; 6 Wr. 
 102, 143, 188; 11 Wr. 244; 12 AVr. 301, 321; 1 S. 
 134. 
 
 4. Not bound to answer irrelevant points, 1 S. & R. 
 
 176; 3 S. & R. 283; 7 S. & R. 99; 8 S. & R. 573; 6 
 W. & S. 353; 12 H. 72; 10 C. 312; 2 Gr. 353. 
 
 5. Not bound to answer points presented out of time, 
 
 4 W. & S. 426. 
 
CHAKGE OF COURT. 165 
 
 CHARGE OF COURT— continued. 
 
 6. Not bound to charge on point not presented, 2 S. 
 
 & R. 464; 7 S. & R. 99; 14 S. & R. 220 ; 9 W. 433; 
 6 W. & S. 87; 6 Wh. 146, 152; 1 Barr 374; 6 Barr 
 61, 483; 7 Barr 103, 108; 6 H. 465; 9 H. 275; 10 
 H. 275; 11 H. 121, 178; 12 H. 277; 2 C. 407; 4 0. 
 405; 5 C. 257; 6 C. 454; 10 C. 32; 6 AVr. 143; 8 
 Wr. 143, 413 ; 14 Wr. 461; 5 S. 407; 12 S. 249, 486; 
 16 S. 80. 
 
 7. Legal inference from nealbct to charge, 2 Gr. 199. 
 
 8. Not bound to charge on defect of pleadings, 5 W. 
 
 & S. 87; 6 II. 243. 
 
 9. Not bound to answer whole case on one general 
 
 POINT, 3 S. 505. 
 
 10. May answer in the language of Supreme Court, 1 
 
 C. 417. 
 
 11. May give legal result of the whole case, 16 S. & 
 
 R. 361. 
 
 12. May leave whole case to the jury, 1 S. & R. 176, 
 
 515; 2 S. & R. 415, 464; 4 S. & R. 207, 329; 8 S. 
 & R. 150, 178 ; 9 S. & R. 68 ; 4 R. 195 ; 2 P. & W. 
 263; 5 W. 441; 8 W. 304; 5 H. 365; 8 H. 210; 9 
 H. 315; 10 H. 471; 11 H. 501. 
 
 13. Not bound to instruct jury as to consequences of 
 
 verdict, 5 S. & R. 147. 
 
 14. May answer kindred points together, 4 R. 100; 6 
 
 Wh. 335; 6 H. 215. 
 
 15. Must decide written testimony. See Courts. 
 
 16. Must not submit legal question to jury, 1 P. & W. 
 
 401. 
 
 17. May give abstract answer to abstract proposition. 
 
 4 W. 301. 
 
 18. Not bound to give opinion as to law on the whole 
 
 case, 8 S. & R. 150; 13 S. & R. 392. 
 
 19. May answer points in general charge, 12 S. & R. 
 
 149; 13 S. & R. 368; 1 R. 349; 4 R. 100; 3 Barr 
 297; 4 0. 149; 10 C. 304; 1 Wr. 170; 5 Wr. 234; 
 6 Wr. 102. 126, 143, 188; 8 Wr. 413; 13 S. 246; 
 14 S. 231; 20 S. 325. 
 
 20. Reason for, need not be given, 13 S. & R. 28; 15 S. 
 
 &R. 61; 6 W. 274. 
 
 21. When binding on jury, 2 S. & R. 84. 
 
166 CHARGE OF COURT— CHARITABLE USES. 
 
 CHARGE OF COURT— continued. 
 
 22. Language used arguendo in," how to be applied, 16 
 
 S. 84. 
 2.3. When evidence, 9 S. & R. 409; 4 W. £9; 14 Wr. 
 
 456; 11 S. 361; 16 S. 84. 
 24. Act of April 17, 1856, relative to answer to points, 
 
 construed, 13 S. 251. 
 
 IV. Exceptions to charge. 
 
 1. When to be tendered, 4 D. 249; IB. 38; 8 S. & R. 
 
 211; 5 W. 69; 1 Wh. 49; 1 Barr 503; 16 S. T8. 
 
 2. When disallowed, 6 S. & R. 559. 
 
 3. Form of, 4 Wh. 150; 1 H. 384; 16 S. 73. 
 
 V. Filing op charge, IS. & R. 430; 4 S. & R. 480; 13 
 
 S. & R. 26, 28; 6 W. 274; 1 Wh. 49; 1 H. 384; 
 7 H. 203; 13 S. 246, 341. 
 
 CHARGE ON LAND. /S'ee Legacy; Dower; Widow. 
 
 CHARITABLE USES. 
 
 1. Statute of 43 Eliz. c. 4, how far in force here, 
 
 17 S. & R. 88, 91; 6 W. & S. 220; 4 H. 148; 9 
 H. 232. 
 
 2. Act of 1858, relative to, construed, 5 Wr. 266. 
 
 3. Power of legislature over, 3 H. 44. 
 
 4. What are, 5 R. 151; 5 W. 493; 2 W. & S. 83; 3 Ban- 
 
 436, 440; 8 Barr 327; 9 Barr 433; 10 Barr 23; 12 
 H. 84,474; 4C. 23; 6C. 437; 9C. 413; 2Wr.203; 
 3 S. 292; 14 S. 186; 17 S. 138. 
 
 5. Bequest to, 17 S. & R. 88, 93; 3 R. 170; 1 P. & W. 
 
 49, 51; 5 W. 493; 6 W. & S. 537; 8 Barr 327; 10 
 Barr 23, 26; 11 H. 495; 12 H. 84; 4 C. 23; 6 C. 
 425,437; 11 0. 316; 5 Wr. 266. 
 
 6. Devise for, construed, 12 H. 495; 4 C. 23; 5 Wr. 
 
 266 ; 8 Wr. 353. 
 
 7. Devise to corporation for, 5 Wr. 266; 9 Wr. 9; 13 
 
 S. 465. 
 
 8. Conveyance to on condition, 12 H. 84; 6 C. 425: 9 
 
 S. 335. 
 
 9. Appropriation op land to, effect op on title, 6 Barr 
 
 29; 6 C. 425. 
 Appropriation to, when irrevocable, 5 W. 495; 8 Barr 
 335; 10 Barr 23; 1 S. 196. 
 10. Gift for, not to fail for want of trustees, 17 S. 
 
CHAEITABLE USES— CHATTELS. ' 167 
 
 CHARITABLE JJHES—continiced. 
 
 & R. 88, 93; 1 P. & W. 49, 51; 5 W. 493: 8 Barr 
 385; 10 Barr 23; 9Wr. 9; IS. 196; 13 8.465,468. 
 
 11. Appointment of trustees, to sustain, 1 P. & W. 49; 
 
 5 W. 493; 10 Barr 23; 6 C. 425. 
 
 12. Power of trustees, over property conveyed for, 8 
 
 Barr 327; 11 H. 495; 9 Wr. 9; 17 S. 138. 
 
 13. Parol sale of land for, 8 Barr 327. 
 
 14. Land held for, not subject to partition, 11 H. 495. 
 Support of, in equity, 1 P. & W. 49; 5 W. 498; 3 Barr 
 
 436 ; 6 Barr 29 ; 8 Barr 327 ; 9 Barr 433 ; 4 H. 140 ; 
 4 C. 23; 6 C. 425; 1 S. 196; 13 S. 465. 
 
 15. Forfeiture for misuser or nonusee, 4 H. 148 ; 9 
 
 H. 232. 
 
 CHARTER PARTY. 
 
 1. Right of charterer, 8 Wh. 473. 
 
 2. Liability of agent, 6 B. 228. 
 
 8. Stipulation as to rate of insurance in, 1 S. 442. 
 
 4. Demurrage on, 4 Y. 157. 
 
 5. Admissibility of in evidence, 3 Wh. 569. 
 
 6. Action on, 6 B. 228. 
 
 CHARTER. See Corporation. 
 
 CHASE, SAMUEL. 
 
 Appointed judge, 3 D. 171. 
 
 CHASTITY. 
 
 When evidence of, admissible, 11 Wr. 198. 
 
 CHATTELS. 
 
 1. Sale of. See Sale of Personal Property. 
 
 2. Loan of, 2 J. 229. 
 
 3. Mortgage of. See Chattel Mortgage. 
 
 4. Entailment of, 17 S. & R. 244. 
 
 5. Meaning op, in will, 2 W. 61. 
 
 6. Proof of title to, 6 Wr. 439. See Possession of Per- 
 
 sonal Property. 
 
 7. Action for non delivery of, 2 W. 139. See Assump- 
 
 sit; Trover; Replevin. 
 
 8. Bequest of. See Legacy. 
 
 9. Transfer of. 
 
 Enforcement in equity, 1 P. & W. 570 ; 6 H. 157. 
 10. Larceny of, effect on title, 7 Wr. 507. 
 
168 CHATTEL MORTGAGE— CHILDKEN. 
 
 CHATTEL MORTGAGE, 5 S. & R. 275; 1 P. & W. 57; 10 H. 
 ' 168; 1 Wr. 184; 4 Wr. 501; 9 Wr. 441. 
 
 CHATTEL REAL, 6 H. 60. 
 
 CHEAT. 
 
 1. Definition of, 2 Gr. 199. 
 
 2. Indictment for, 1 D. 41, 47; 9 Barr 211. 
 
 CHECK. See Bank Check. 
 
 CHESAPEAKE AND DELAWARE CANAL. 
 Quarantine of boats on, 4 Wh. 217. 
 
 CHESTER COUNTY. 
 
 Act relative to supervisor in, construed, 7 Barr 275. 
 
 CHILD. 
 
 1. Revocation of will by birth of, 3 B. 498; 5 S. & R. 
 
 38; 1 Wh. 212; 3 Wh. 208; 10 C. 483; 3 Wr.ll5; 11 
 Wr. 144, 158 ; 18 S. 327. See Will. 
 
 2. Inheritance by illegitimate, 13 Wr. 873; 8 S. 55. 
 
 3. Action by, against parent for services, 4 D. 130; 3 R. 
 
 243, 299; 3 P. & W. 832, 365; 8 W. 366; 5 W. & S. 
 216, 357, 513; 2 H. 201; 4 H. 488, 489, 496; 7 H. 
 248, 366; 2 Wr. 464; 7 Wr. 107; 8 Wr. 899; 11 Wr. 
 584; 12 Wr. 387; 13 AVr. 126; 6 C. 473; 12 C. 163; 
 8 Barr 213; 9 Barr 266; 9 H. 222; 2 J. 175; 14 Wr. 
 458; 14 S. 480. 
 
 3. Agreement to transfer to, 1 C. 306 ; 2 C. 372, 888. 
 
 CHILDREN. 
 
 1. Legitimate. 
 
 Custody of, 5 B. 520; 2 S. & R. 174. 
 
 Devise to, construed, 13 S. & R. 65; 17 S. & R. 292; 
 4 W. 82; 6 W. 105; 2Wh. 876; 2 W.&S. 418; 5 
 Barr 265, 465; 10 Barr 860; 4 C. 467; 7 C. 94; 
 1 Wr. 373; 4 Wr. 29. 
 
 Heirs of, 2 Y. 525. 
 
 Of deceased nephews and nieces, descent to, 4 C. 487. 
 
 Of deceased uncles and aunts, descent to, 10 H. 291; 4 
 
 C. 487; 4 Wr. 115,117. 
 What included in, in will, 4 W. 82; 2 Wh. 376; 13 Wr. 
 
 213; a S. 414. 
 When equivalent to issue, 6 W. 105; 1 Wr. 16, 482; 4 
 
 Wr. 18; 8 S. 414; 20 S. 335. 
 When equivalent to heirs, 1 Wr. 16. 
 
CHTLDEEN— CHUECHES. 169 
 
 CHILDREN — continued. 
 
 How affected by divorce of parents, 2 Wr. 439. 
 
 Torts of, 3 Wr. 177. 
 
 Negligence of, 12 Wr. 218. 
 
 Damage for injury to, 7 C. 372. 
 
 Presumption as to conveyances to, 2 Gr. 249. 
 
 In ventre sa mere, 5 S. & R. 40 ; 1 Wh. 212 ; 3 Wh. 219, 
 
 227. 
 Settlement of, 3 S. & R. 117; 2 J. 92; 3 II. 145; 12 S. 
 
 472. 
 
 2. Illegitimate. See Illegitimate Children. 
 
 CHOSE IN ACTION. 
 
 1. What is a, 10 Barr 375; 3 H. 319. 
 
 2. Meaning of in will, 2 W. 61. 
 
 3. Transfer of. * 
 
 Generally, 4 W. & S. 92 ; 1 Barr 445, 454. 
 For special purpose, 4 R. 185. 
 Notice to vendee of, 1 Wr. 353. 
 Right of assignee. 
 
 To sue 6 W. 309, 238; 6 H. 89; 7 Wr. 70. 
 
 To testify, 6 W. & S. 145. 
 Liability of assignee, 8 H. 190. 
 
 CHRIST CHURCH. 
 Taxation of, 12 H. 229. 
 
 CHRISTIANITY. 
 
 1. Basis of the law of Pennsylvania, 8 Barr 327 ; 9 H. 
 
 Ill, 115; 10 C. 406; 13 S. 461. 
 
 2. Indictment for villifying, 11 S. & R. 394; 13 S. 465. 
 
 CHURCHES. 
 
 I. Organization of discussed, 12 Wr. 20. 
 
 II. Definition op congregation, 1 W. & S. 9; 5 Wr. 9; 6 
 
 Wr. 503; 7 Wr. 244; 12 Wr. 20; 17 S. 138, 146. 
 
 III. Government of. 
 
 1. As to internal regulations, 5 Wr. 9 ; 6 Wr. 503. 
 
 2. Under charter, 5 W. 43 ; 1 H. 288 ; 3 Gr. 48. 
 
 3. Right to vote under, 11 S. & R. 35 ; 8 H. 484. 
 
 4. Contested election in, 8 H. 484. 
 
 5. Rules of when evidence, 3 W. & S. 45. 
 
 6. Registry in, 10 S. & R. 383; 5 W. & S. 266. 
 
 7. Right of to sue, 8 H. 263. 
 
 8. Authority of synods over, 5 Wr. 9; 12 Wr. 20; 3 
 
 Barr 282; 9 S. 335. 
 
170 CHUKCHES— CHURCH PROPERTY. 
 
 GB.URCR-EB— continued. 
 
 9. Proceedings of councils of when evidence, 2 S. & 
 R. 537 ; 10 S. & R. 383; 5 W. & S. 260. 
 
 10. Bequest to, 17 S. & R. 88; 6 Barr 201 ; 11 C. 316. 
 
 11. Quo warranto against minister of, 11 S. & R. 73. 
 IV. Members of. 
 
 1. Rights. 
 
 To church property, 17 S. & R. 93 ; 1 W. 224; 5 W. 43, 
 -.93; 5 Wh. 518, 519; 6 W. & S. 218; 3 H. 500; 5 
 H. 96 ; 8 H. 263 ; 11 H. 84, 495 ; 10 Barr 23 ; 4 
 C. 34 ; 9 C. 425 ; 11 C. 316 ; 5 Wr. 9 ; 7 Wr. 244 ; 
 3 Gr. 48. 
 
 To pews. See Pew Holders. 
 ^ Of delinquent members, 3 Barr 282; 7 C. 9. 
 * After expulsion, 3 Barr 282. 
 
 To dissolve connection with synods, 1 W. & S. 9; 12 "Wr. 
 20 ; 3 Gr. 337 ; 17 S. 138. 
 
 To testify, 5 H. 205. 
 
 2. Liability of. 
 
 To expulsion, 3 Barr 282; 7 C. 9. 
 For municipal claims, 1 H. 104. 
 
 On subscription papers, 2 S. & R. 537; 3 R. 390; 3 
 Barr 416 ; 6 H. 18 ; 8 H. 260 ; 9 C. 114. 
 
 CHURCH PROPERTY. 
 
 1. Subscription for erection of, 2 S. & R. 537; 3 R. 
 
 390; 3 Barr 416; 6 H. 13; 8 H. 260; 9 C. 114. 
 
 2. Trespass on, 5 W. 43; 5 Wh. 506. 
 
 3. Alienation of, 5 W. & S. 243; 3 H. 500 ; 5 H. 96: 11 
 
 H:. 495; 12 H. 84; 6 C. 152, 154; 7 S. 213. 
 
 4. Equity power of court over, 4 C. 223 ; 1 Wr. 486 ; 
 
 6 Wr. 296 ; 11 Wr. 295; 12 S. 428. 
 
 5. Ownership on division of congregation, 11 S. & R. 
 
 35; 17 S. & R. 93; 5 W. 43, 200; 1 W. & S. 9 ; 6 
 Barr 201; 9 Barr 321 ; 5 Wr. 9 ; 7 Wr. 244; 12 S. 
 428; 17 S. 138; 19 S. 462. See Churches IV. 1. 
 
 6. Subject to mechanics' lien, 10 Barr 413. See Me- 
 
 chanics' Lien. 
 
 7. How affected by Statutes of Mortmain, 1 W. 218. 
 
 See post, 13. 
 
 8. Rules and regulations of when within Recording 
 
 Acts, 3 W. & S. 45. 
 
 9. Disturbance of worship in, 1 W. & S. 548; 10 Wr. 457. 
 
CHUKCH PEOPERTY— CIRCUIT COURT. 171 
 
 CHURCH VROV^^HY— continued. 
 
 10. Subject to levy and sale for debt, 2 Gr. 75. 
 
 11. Forfeiture of, 5 Wr. 9 ; 1-2 Wr. 20; 9 S. 335. 
 
 12. Sale of liquor near prohibited, 10 Wr. 457. 
 
 13. Trust for when valid, 6 B. 59; 17 S. & R. 388; 1 
 
 W. 218; 17 S. 138. 
 
 14. Trustees of. 
 
 Power of, 8 Barr 327; 11 H. 495; 9 Wr. 9; 17 S. 138; 
 
 19 S. 4G2. 
 Quo warranto against usurping, 14 S. 339. 
 Action of trespass by, 5 Wb. 506. 
 
 CIRCUIT COURT. 
 
 I. Of the United St.-ites. 
 
 1. Not a foreign tribunal, 2 H. 228; 8 S. 48. 
 
 2. Seal of, 2 H. 288. 
 
 3. Allowance op special terms, 3 D. 513. 
 
 4. Jurisdiction of. 
 
 In case of ambassador, 2 D 297; 3 D. 32. 
 
 Where cause arises at sea, 2 D. 358. 
 
 Between citizens of different states, 2 D. 381, 384; 4 
 
 D. 11, 330 ; 2 Gr. 168. 
 Governed by amount of claim, 2 D. 360. 
 In foreign attachment, 2 D. 396. 
 In mandamus, 2 D. 409. 
 As to common' law offences, 1 D. 389, 396. 
 To hold to bail, 2 D. 330. 
 
 5. Powers of. 
 
 To make rules of practice, 2 D. 378. 
 To frame new writs, 2 D. 378. 
 
 6. Lien of judgment in, 2 D. 378. 
 
 7. Appeal from. 
 
 Form of, 3 D. 184, 324; 4 D. 22; 4 Y. 134; 3 B. 321; 
 
 4 R. 289. 
 Entry of, 3 Y. 122, 327 ; 4 Y. 234, 240. 
 Hearing of, 4 Y. 3. 
 
 8. Transfer of cases to and from. See Certiorari ; 
 
 Error. 
 
 II. Of Pennsylvania. 
 
 1. Jurisdiction of, 17 S. & R. 273. 
 
 2. Return days in, 1 P. & W. 322. 
 
 3. Appeal from. 
 
 When to be made, 2 P. & W. 489. 
 
172 CIRCUIT COUllT— CLANDESTINE. 
 
 CIKCUIT COURT— continued. 
 
 On motion in arrest of judgment, 1 B. 393. 
 On award of procedendo, 17 S. & R. 249. 
 On refusal to take off nonsuit, 2 P. & W. 412. 
 Entry of, 4 Y. 511. 
 
 4. Terms in, defined, 4 Y. 511. 
 
 5. Wkit of erroe to, 1 R. 289; 1 P. & W. 74. 
 
 6. Costs in, 1 R. 315. 
 
 7. Appeal to. 
 
 From Orphans' Court, 1 P. & W. 322. 
 From Quarter Sessions, 1 P. & W. 449. 
 From Mayor's Court, 2 W. 123. 
 How record is brought up on, 1 P. & W. 449. 
 In feigned issue, 17 S. & R. 74. 
 
 8. Error to. See Error. 
 
 CIRCUMSTANTIAL EVIDENCE. 
 
 1. Manner of presenting, 11 C. 440. 
 
 2. When sufficient, 9 W. 438, 556 ; 4 Barr 269. 
 
 CITATION. 
 
 1. To accountants, 9 Wr. 379; 10 Wr. 131. 
 
 2. At whose instance, 2 Gr. 303; 2 S. 311; 10 S. 504, 
 
 510. 
 
 CITIZEN. 
 
 1. Definition of, 4 D. 260; 1 Y. 548; 6 W. & S. 243; 5 
 
 Barr 80; 1 Gr. 420; 20 S. 150. 
 
 2. Acquisition of rights of, 2 D. 234; 4 D. 360. See 
 
 Alien. 
 
 3. When fact must appear on record, 4 D. 1, 3, 78. 
 
 4. Corporation is not, 1 Gr. 420. 
 
 CITY. See Municipal Corporation. 
 
 CIVIL WAR. 
 
 Effect of on allegiance, 1 D. 58. 
 
 CLAIM OF PLAINTIFF. 
 
 Jurisdiction dependent on, 2 D. 366; 3 D. 401, 405, 408; 4 
 D. 20 ; 4 W. & S. 311 ; 9 W. & S. 60. 
 
 CLANDESTINE. 
 
 1. Removal of goods, 8 Wr. 477. 
 
 2. Appointment of officers, 1 B. 77. 
 
 3. Marriage. See Marriage. 
 
OLAKION EIVER— COAL. 173 
 
 CLARION RIVER. 
 
 Acts of 1803 and 1852 relative to, construed, 1 S. 96. 
 
 CLASS. 
 
 Devise to, construed, 2 R. 27 ; 1 C. 249; 3 C. 55; 11 C. 323; 
 2 S. 273, 326. 
 
 CLEAR DEED. 
 
 Covenant for, construed, 3 W. & S. 563 ; 1 J. 127. See 
 
 Vendee. 
 
 CLEARFIELD AND PITTSBURGH RAILROAD CO. 
 Charter of, construed, 6 S. 325. 
 
 CLEARFIELD, PAINSVILLE AND ASHTABULA RAIL- 
 ROAD COMPANY. 
 Taxation of, 3 C. 380; 5 C. 370. 
 
 CLERGYMEN. 
 
 1. Privileges of, 5 B. 554 ; 12 II. 233. 
 
 2. Liability op. 
 
 For marrying minor, 1 Y. 405; 5 R. 124, 209; 11 H. 
 
 289. 
 For marrying apprentice, 2 Y. 381 ; 3 R. 305. 
 To quo warranto, 11 S. & R. 73. 
 
 CLERICAL ERROR. 
 
 Correction of, 4 D. 25 ; 3 Y. 375, 389 ; 4 Y. 479; 2 B. 514 ; 
 
 5 S. & R. 351 ; 16 S. & R. 349; 2 P. & W. 438 ; 3 W. 
 
 6 S. 535; 5 W. & S. 363; 1 R. 142 ; 10 W. 343; 1 H. 
 426; 1 C. 218; 2 C. 106; 3 C. 267; 1 Wr. 257. 
 
 CLERK. 
 
 1. Of merchant, powers of, 4 W. 222 ; 5 Barr 333. 
 
 2. Of Mayor's Court, 16 S. & R. 65. 
 
 3. Of Orphans' Court. 
 
 Right of to office and fuel, 5 S. & R. 338. 
 Right of to compensation, 4 S. & R. 443. 
 
 4. Of the Senate of Pennsylvania. 
 
 Accounts of, 4 D. 303. 
 
 CLUB. 
 
 Liability of committee of, 6 W. & S. 67. See Association. 
 
 COAL. 
 1. Trover for, 5 Wr. 291; 12 S. 232. 
 
174 COAL— COGNISOR. 
 
 COAL — continued. 
 
 2. License to mine, an incorporeal right, 3 S. 206. 
 
 3. Contract for transportation of, construed, 7 S. 301. 
 
 COAL COMPANIES. 
 
 Act of 1833 relative to, construed, 4 W. & S. 494. 
 
 COAL MINES. 
 
 1. Sale op, 11 C. 213. 
 
 2. Lease of. 
 
 Construed, 4 C 304; 7 C. 478 ; 8 C. 267; ] AYr. 427; 
 4 Wr. 341; 7 Wr. 404; 8 Wr. 264 ; 11 Wr. 452; 1 
 S. 232; 3 S. 285, 319; 4 S. 329; 5 S. 9, 504; 12 
 S. 232. 
 
 Use of, discussed, 16 S. 429. 
 
 Assignment of, construed, 12 S. 232. 
 
 Rent under, lien of, 11 Wr. 452. 
 
 Forfeiture of, 3 S. 319. 
 
 3. Devise of, 8 C. 241 ; 10 S. 23. 
 
 4. Taxation of, 5 C. 373. 
 
 CODEFENDANT. 
 
 1. Declarations of when evidence. See. Admissions and 
 
 Declarations, 41. 
 
 2. Competency of as witness. See Witnesses. 
 
 3. Judgment against by default and on trial, effect of, 
 
 12 S. & R. 325 ; 10 W. 396, 397, 440 ; 14 Wr. 441. 
 
 4. Purchase by at sheriff's sale, 2 Wr. 49 ; 5 Wr. 135. 
 
 5. Joinder op in ejectment, 4 Y. 136 ; 2 B. 59. 
 
 CODICIL. 
 
 1. Constitutes part of will, 9 Barr 379. 
 
 2. Effect of, 9 Barr 374; 8 H. 205; 7 C. 247. 
 
 3. Republication of, 9 Barr 374. 
 
 4. Construction of. 
 
 When ambiguous, 2 Wli. 278. 
 
 As to devise to children and griindcliildren, 2 Wh. 376. 
 
 As to persons named also in will, 9 Barr 374. 
 
 5. Effect of on will, 9 Barr 374; 8 II. 205. 
 
 6. Republication of will by', 12 Wr. 501. 
 
 COGNISOR. 
 
 On partition in Orphans' Court. 
 Merger of interest of, 11 ^Vr. 403. 
 
COGNOVIT ACTIONEM— COLLATERAL REVERSAL. 175 
 
 COGNOVIT' ACTIONEM. 
 When a judicial act, 1 D. 1G6. 
 
 CO-HEIRS. 
 
 1. Title by ouster of. See Ouster. 
 
 2. Entry on land by one enures to all, 3 S. & R. 373. 
 
 3. Recovery by one in e.jectment against stranger, 4 Y. 
 
 577 ; 5 W. & S. 427 ; 9 S. 483. 
 
 COLLATERAL CONSANGUINITY, 9 Wr. 430. 
 COLLATERAL DOCUMENTS, 3 B. 226. 
 
 COLLATERAL FACTS. 
 
 1. Proof of by interested avitnesses, 4 Y. 429. 
 
 2. When admissible, 8 C. 111. 
 
 COLLATERAL HEIRS. 
 
 1. Descent to, 4 C. 488; 2 Wr. 430. See Descent. 
 
 2. Partition between, 2 Wr. 430. 
 
 3. Ex paterna and materna relative rights of, 2 Wr. 
 
 430. 
 
 4. Distribution among per stirpes and per capita, 2 
 
 Wr. 430. See Distribution. 
 
 COLLATERAL INHERITANCE TAX. 
 
 1. What and who liable for, 6 Barr 142 ; 10 Barr 220 ; 2 
 
 J. 277 ; 1 H. l9, 451 ; 2 H. 260 ; 4 H. 63 ; 8 H. 100 ; 9 
 H. 106 ; 10 H. 204; 2 C. 429 ; 8 C. 389 ; 2 Wr. 507 ; 6 
 Wr. 461; 9 Wr. 430; 1 S. 438; 2 S. 181, 468; 3 S. 
 102, 132; 8 S. 500; 11 S. 172; 16 S. 116. 
 
 2. Exemption from, 12 H. 229 ; 2 C. 422 ; 3 S. 132. 
 
 3. Duty of executors as to, 10 C. 204. 
 
 4. Valuation of, 9 H. 33 ; 2 C. 422, 429. 
 
 5. Interest on, 8 H. 100. 
 
 6. Commissions on, 4 W. 173. 
 
 7. Appraisement of. 
 
 Appeal from, 2 S. 468. 
 
 COLLATERAL ISSUE. 
 Finding of by jury, 4 Y. 441. 
 
 COLLATERAL REVERSAL. 
 1. Of judgment, 4 Y. 73, 436 ; 2 B. 40 ; 5 B. 34 ; 6 B. 106 ; 
 1 S. & R. 340; 2 S. & R. 142 ; 5 S. & R. 211 ; 6 S. & 
 
176 COLLATERAL REVERSAL, &c. 
 
 COLLATERAL REYERSAL— continued. 
 
 R. 296 ; 9 S. & R. 12 ; 10 S. & R. 261 ; 11 S. & R. 
 208 ; 13 S. & R. 204; 4 R. 4U1 ; 4 W. 341, 474: 5 W. 
 173; 6 W. 392, 398, 410, 492: 10 W. 101 ; 4 W. & S. 
 191 ; 5 W. & S. 473, 556 ; 8 W. & S. 389 ; 9 W. & S. 
 197 ; 1 P. & W. 191 ; 7 Barr 52, 128, 139 ; 9 Barr 86 ; 
 
 10 Barr 246 ; 1 H. 359; 7 H. 402; 11 H. 189; 2 C. 
 126 ; 3 C. 473 ; 4 Wr. 151 ; 5 Wr. 195 ; 7 Wr. 278 ; 13 
 Wr. 143; 3 Gr. 232; 13 S. 320; 15 S. 189, 
 
 2. Of charter, 4 Wr. 157. 
 
 3. Of decrees, 7 W. & S. 224. 
 
 COLLATERAL SECURITIES. 
 
 1. Presumption op law as to, 3 W. & S. 276. 
 
 2. Number of, may be unlimited, 7 S. 360. 
 
 3. When bonds and notes are, 1 D. 424 ; 11 S. & R. 377; 
 
 1 P. & W. 385; 10 W. 273; 4 Wh. 258; 6 Wh. 220; 2 
 W. & S. 463; 1 J. 120; 4 H. 123, 450; 9 Wr. 49. 
 
 4. Transfer of goods as, 6 R. 166; IJ. 120. 
 
 5. Transfer of mortgage as, 2 Wh. 66. 
 
 6. Transfer of avifb's chose in action as, 1 R. 279; 11 
 
 Wr. 280; 19 S. 424. &e Husband. 
 
 7. Transfer of leasehold estates as, 4 S. 155. 
 
 8. Transfer of stock as, 2 Wr. 88; 7 S. 474. 
 
 9. Transfer of insurance policy as, 10 S. 333. 
 
 10. Right of holder of, 1 S. & R. 294; 11 S. & R. 377; 4 
 
 W. 141; 5 W. 529;' 10 W. 273; 3 Wh. 530; 4 Wh. 258; 
 6 Wh. 230, 232; 2 W. & S. 463; 10 Barr 235; 1 J. 120 
 
 2 J. 235; 3 H. 79; 4 H. 416; 8 H. 384; 3 AVr. 243 
 
 11 Wr. 249; 13 Wr. 359; 2 Gr. 73; 2 S. 498; 7 S. 474 
 10 S. 333; 19 S. 424. 
 
 11. Duty op holder of, 16 S. & R. 302; 1 P. & W. 385; 4 
 
 W. 308; 5 W. 529; 8 AV. 192; 4 Wh. 258; 6 Wh. 220, 
 232; 5 Barr 56, 57; 9 Barr 28; 3 H. 79; 9 H. 237; 10 
 H. 423 ; 3 Wr. 243 ; 13 Wr. 359; 7 C. 110; 1 Gr. 397; 
 2 S. 498 ; 10 S. 333. 
 
 12. Liability of holder of, 16 S. & R. 362 ; 5 W. 529 ; 5 Wh. 
 
 258; 6 Wh. 221; 1 P. & W. 385; 1 J. 120, 171; 4 H. 
 123; 5 II. 416; 8 H. 384, 454; 9 H. 237; 11 H. 377; 
 
 12 H. 242; 2 C. 143; 1 Wr. 402; 2 Wr. 98; 4 Wr. 302; 
 10 Wr. 504; 11 Wr. 249, 280; 12 Wr. 133; 18 Wr. 
 359, 494; 1 Gr. 397; 7 S. 474. 
 
 13. Rights of owner of, 3 Wr. 243; 19 S. 424; 20 S. 
 
 484, 488. 
 
COLLATERAL SECUEITIES— COLUMBIA R. E. 177 
 
 COLLATERAL SECUUITIES— continued. 
 
 14. Duty oe owner of, 1 Wr. 402; 20 S. 484, 488. 
 
 15. Exchange of, 6 Wh. 2i]4; 10 Wr. 504. 
 
 16. RelinquisHxMent of, 2 W. & S. 463. 
 
 17. When held in trust for others, 2 W. & S. 463. 
 
 18. Defence to suit on, 2 J. 235; 8 H. 384; 20 S. 484. 
 
 19. Application of Statute of Limitations to owner of, 
 
 7 C. 161. 
 
 20. Effect of on release of debtor, 2 Wr. 98. 
 ,21. Cost of collecting, 11 Wr. 528. 
 
 COLLATERAL WARRANTY. 
 
 1. English statute relative to, 4 D. 168; 2 Y. 509; 9 S. 
 
 & R. 275 ; 3 R. 67. 
 
 2. When a bar to recovery of land warranted, 2 Y. 
 
 509. 
 
 3. Who bound by, 2 Y. 510. See Heirs. 
 
 4. Descent of, 9 S. & R. 268. 
 
 COLLECTOR. 
 
 1. Of excise. 
 
 Settlement by with comptroller, 4 Y. 361. 
 
 2. Of taxes. See Tax Collector. 
 
 COLLIERY. 
 
 Definition of, 8 S. 85. 
 
 COLLISION. 
 
 1. By mutual negligence, 6 Wh. 311; 7 H. 345; 10 Wr. 
 
 151. See Negligence. 
 
 2. Liability of carrier for loss by. See Carrier. 
 
 COLLUSION. 
 
 1. Proof of, 7 W. 305; 1 Barr 286; 3 Barr 81; 1 Wr. 164, 
 
 330. 
 
 2. Rights acquired by, 10 W. 143 ; 1 Barr 286. 
 
 3. Judgment set aside for, 4 W. & S. 191. 
 
 Effect of on contract, 16 S. & R. 198; 6 W. 454. 
 
 COLOR OP TITLE. 
 Definition of, 11 H. 254. 
 
 COLUMBIA RAILROAD. 
 
 Contract for building, construed, 16 S. 102. 
 
 12 
 
178 COMMANDER OF VESSEL— COMMISSION. 
 
 COMMANDER OF VESSEL. 
 Competency as witness, 1 B. 530. 
 
 " COMMENCED AND PROSECUTED." 
 Definition of, 3 Y. 379. 
 
 COMMERCIAL CASES. 
 
 Rules of evidence relaxed in, -1 D. 145; 1 Y. 321. 
 
 COMMERCIAL LAW. 
 
 Transfer of bills and notes regulated by. See Bills and 
 Notes VII. 1. 
 
 COMMISSION. 
 
 I. In bankruptcy. See Bankruptcy. 
 
 II. To EXAMINE WITNESSES. 
 
 1. Rule for, 16 S. & R. 385. 
 Authority for appointment of, 9 S. 381. 
 
 2. Notice of, 1 Wr. 510; 3 Wr. 241; 4 Wr. 506. 
 
 3. Form of, 1 W. & S. 396. 
 
 4. When issued, 2 D. 401; 4 Barr 231. 
 
 5. By whom, 4 D. 411. 
 
 6. To WHOM. 
 
 As to number of commissioners, 3 Y. 302 ; 13 S. & R. 
 
 323; 9 W. 386. 
 Must unite in acting, 1 Y. 302 ; 13 S. & R. 323 ; 1 W. 
 
 401 ; 10 H. 125. 
 As to names of commissioners, 16 S. & R. 264 ; 9 W. 386 : 
 
 2 Barr 20 ; 1 Wr. 610 ; 3 Wr. 241 ; 2 Gr. 44. 
 Commissioners are agents of the court, 4 D. 411 ; 9 S. 
 
 381. 
 
 7. Interrogatories. 
 
 Notice of filing, 4 Y. 329, 429. 
 
 8. Cross interrogatories, 3 W. 250; 1 Barr 241. 
 
 9. Objection to leading questions, 14 S. & R. 311 ; 13 
 
 S. 77. 
 
 10. Validity of ex parte, 1 B. 436. 
 
 11. Execution of. 
 
 Witnesses must testify under oath, 2 D. 144, 1, 2; 1 Y. 
 
 175; 10 H. 353; 9 S. 381. 
 Presence of counsel at examination, Barr 440. 
 As to time and place, 13 S. & R. 323. 
 As to interrogatories, 2 D. 157 ; 1 Y. 148, 404 ; 4 Y. 
 
 429; 1 B. 436; 3 B. 130 ; 4 H. 632; 6 AVr. 198. 
 
COMMISSION— COMMISSIONEES. 179 
 
 COMMISSION— con^mwec^. 
 
 Commissioners must follow instructions strictly, 4 D. 411 ; 
 
 I Y. 302 ; 8 C. 518 ; 1 Wr. 510. 
 
 Signature of witnesses to testimony, 1 S. & R. 201; 11 
 
 H. 120. 
 Attestation of deposition, 13 S. & R. 323; 11 H. 120. 
 As to returns, 1 W. & S. 396; 9 Barr 407; 10 H. 353 ; 
 
 II H. 120. 
 
 12. Objections to. 
 
 When to be made, 16 S. & R. 385 ; 7 H. 510 ; 2 Gr. 44. 
 
 13. Admissibility of testimony taken on, 1 Y. 148, 175, 
 
 404; 7 S. & R. 10; 1 W. 401; 8 Barr 194; 9 Barr 
 407. 
 
 14. Costs of, 1 D. 310. 
 
 15. Award of new commission, 2 Gr. 44. 
 
 COMMISSIONERS. 
 
 I. Of appeals in prize cases, 3 D. 54, 80, 120, 
 
 II. To take SUBSCaiPTION FOR STOCK. 
 
 Powers of, 5 S. & R. 363 ; 10 S. & R. 290 ; 1 P. & W. 
 
 426 ; 1 C. 226 ; 3 Gr. 200. 
 Duty.of, 8 S. & R. 219 ; 1 P. & W. 426 ; 2 P. & W. 466 ; 
 
 9W. 460; 1 Wh. 429; 2 W. & S. 161; 6 W. & S! 
 
 70; 10 C. 455. 
 Defence to suit against, 10 S. & R. 269. 
 
 III. Of COUNTIES. 
 
 Origin of, 3 Y. 1. 
 Term of,office, 1 W. & S. 375. 
 How far a corporation, 16 S. & R. 286. 
 Oath of, 2 R. 139. 
 
 Public, not affected by negligence of, 10 H. 211. 
 1. Power and authority of. 
 As to sale for taxes, 4 D. 218 ; 12 H. 145 ; 8 S. 304. 
 
 See Unseated Lands. 
 To appoint tax collectors. See Tax Collectors. 
 As to bridges. See Bridges. 
 To provide for insane prisoners, 11 Wr. 509 ; 12 Wr. 
 
 123. 
 To take valuation from assessors, 3 Y. 465. 
 To act by majorities, 2 Gr. 445 ; 16 S. 202. 
 To hold until successors are inducted, 1 W. & S. 315. 
 To purchase land to secure county, 16 S. & R. 286. 
 On appeal from assessments, 1 H. 72. 
 To pay costs on nolle prosequi, 6 H. 493. 
 To discharge prisoners, 10 H. 98 ; 1 Gr. 187. 
 
180 COMMISSIONERS. 
 
 GOMMlSSIOlif'ETlS— continued. 
 
 To act on education of poor, 1 W. & S. 460. 
 
 To subscribe for railroad stock, 8 C. 218. 
 
 To contract for county, 16 S. 202. 
 
 To sue on bond given to predecessors, 2 R. 154. 
 
 As to public buildings, 6 S. & R. 166; 7 S. 452. 
 
 To contract for public work, 2 S. & R. 193. 
 
 To submit claim of county to arbitration, .9 S. 187. 
 
 To hold land for county, 16 S. & R. 286. 
 
 To take bond for fulfilment of contract, 2 R. 154 ; 6"S. 
 
 62. 
 To sell county lands at private sale, 11 S. 410. 
 
 2. Rights of. 
 
 To purchase property at tax sales, 2 S. & R. 193; 12 H. 
 
 145 ; 8 C. 45. 
 To testify in suit by or against county, 9 S. 197. 
 
 3. Duties of. 
 
 To provide public buildings, 6 S. & R. 166 ; 7 S. 452. 
 Not to contract with one of their own number, 2 S. & R. 
 
 193. 
 To provide accommodation for courts, 3 S. & R. 551. 
 Execution of deeds by, 2 Y. 330 ; 3 Y. 186 ; 5 S. & R. 
 
 254 ; 1 W. 479. 
 As to bridges. See Bridges. 
 
 4. Books of. 
 
 When evidence, 4 Barr 129 ; 6 Barr 210; 11 H. 145. 
 
 5. Deed of. 
 
 When evidence, 3 Y. 186 ; 2 S. & R. 472. 
 
 6. Liability of. 
 
 To indictment, 3 Y. 1 ; 10 S. & R. 316; 9 W. 114; 10 
 
 Wr. 496. 
 To mandamus, 4 Y. 184; 4 S. & R. 125; 16 S. & R. 
 
 317; 2 Wh. 285; 6 Wh. 476; 11 Wr. 361. 
 To attachment for contempt, 9 W. 416. 
 To suit as a corporation, 4 S. & R. 443; 7 W. & S. 107. 
 For balance on report of county auditor, 2 Barr 17. 
 For not repairing bridges, 11 Wr. 361. 
 For not issuing warrant to collect militia fines, 7 Barr 
 
 268. 
 For sheriff fees for summoning jury, 1 S. & R. 505. 
 On lease under seal, 4 H. 458. 
 For costs, 2 S. & R. 290; 4 S. & R. 541. 
 For interest, 4 S. & R. 125. 
 
 IV. Of public peoperty. 
 1. Minutes when evidence, 1 D. 2. 
 
COMMISSIONERS— COMMON PLEAS. 181 
 
 COMMISSIONERS— eow/-m?<ec?. 
 
 V. Under Connecticut claims. See Connecticut Claims. 
 
 VI. Under Spanish treaty. 
 
 Award of, construed, 6 W. & S. 244. 
 
 COMMISSION MERCHANTS. 
 Compensation of, 11 Wr. 485. 
 
 COMMISSION OE PUBLIC OFFICER. 
 
 1. Power of governor to revoke, 7 Wr. 372. 
 
 2. Validity of, pending contest as to, 7 Wr. 384. 
 
 COMMISSIONS. 
 
 Of accountants when due, 14 S. 307. 
 
 COMMITMENT. 
 
 On verdict in criminal case, 2 P. & W. 240. 
 To lunatic asylum. See Lunatic Asyluji. 
 
 COMMITTEE OF CLUB. 
 
 Personal liability of, 6 W. & S. 67. See Association. 
 
 COMMITTEE OF LUNATTCS AND DRUNKARDS. See 
 Lunatics and Drunkards, 
 
 COMMON BAIL. See Bail. 
 
 COMMON CARRIER. See Carrier. 
 
 COMMON ERROR. 
 As to boundary, 3 P. & W. 458. 
 
 COMMON INFORMER. See Informer. 
 
 COMMON LAW. 
 
 1. In force here, 1 D. 58, 67 ; 2 D. 81, 160, 170; 1 Y. 
 
 373; 2 Y. 69, 481; 17 S. & R. 211. 
 
 2. Remedy under. 
 
 Not barred by conviction under statute, 7 Wr. 365. 
 
 COMMON PLEAS. 
 
 I. Organization op court, 11 H. 171. 
 
 II. Powers and jurisdiction of. 
 
 1. In law and equity generally, 4 S. 40. See Equity. 
 
 2. Ascertained by amount of claim, 2 D. 30, 360; 3 
 
 D. 401, 405, 408 ; 4 D. 20; 4 W. & S. 311 ; 9 W. & 
 
 s. m. 
 
 3. Over court records. See Records. 
 
182 COMMON PLEAS— COMMON EECOVERY. 
 
 COMMON VLEAS— continued. 
 
 4. To ENFORCE DECREE OF UNITED STATES COURTS, 2 D. 
 
 168, 169, 176. 
 
 5. In criminal case, 4 D. 318. 
 
 6. On appeals from aldermen or justices. See Jus- 
 
 tice OF THE Peace. 
 
 7. In prize cases, 1 Y. 461. 
 
 8. Over testamentary trustees, 1 Wh. 95; 4 Barr; 
 
 331; 7 Barr 459; 4 W. & S. 492; 2 J. 338; 7 H. 
 49; 3 Gr. 270. See Trustees. 
 
 9. Over trustees generally, 9 W. 331; 1 Wh. 95; 3 
 
 Wh. 172; 4 Wh. 179; 8 P. & W. 398; 1 W. & S. 
 287; 3 W. & S. 280; 7 H. 49; 8 H. 67; 4 Barr 331; 
 9 Barr 416. 
 
 10. Over trustees of married women, 10 H. 164. 
 
 11. Over estates of decedents, 3 H. 406 ; 3 C. 238. 
 
 12. Over assignee for creditors, 12 H. 483. See As- 
 
 signees. 
 
 13. Under Landlord and Tenant Act, 4 B. 185. See 
 
 Landlord. 
 
 14. Over distribution op trust funds, 2 Wh. 119. 
 
 15. Over distribution of proceeds of sheriff's sales, 
 
 17 S. & R. 278. See Sheriff's Sale. 
 
 16. Over corporations, 8 W. & S. 365. See Corporatioxs. 
 
 17. Where facts are undisputed, 4 S. 40. See Case 
 
 Stated. 
 
 18. In equity. See Equity. 
 
 III. Decisions of. 
 
 1. When final, 7 Wr. 111. See Certiorari. 
 
 2. Basis of, 2 R. 163. 
 
 3. Effect of on collateral incidents, 7 H. 124. 
 
 4. Review of. See Error ; Appeal. 
 
 IV. Of Philadelphia, 9 S. & R. 294; 5 H. 158; 14 S. 252. 
 
 COMMON RECOVERY. 
 
 1. When adopted in Pennsylvania, 1 Y. 238. 
 
 2. An act of the court, 13 S. 326. 
 
 3. Estates barred by, 1 Y. 313, 389 ; 4 Y. 415; 9 S. & R. 
 
 322; 10 S. & R. 429; 2 R. 168; 13 S. 320. 
 
 4. Effect of on particular estate, 2 R. 168. 
 
 5. What will avoid, 13 S. 320. 
 
COMMON RECOVERY— COMMONWEALTH. 183 
 
 COMMON REGOYERY— continued. 
 
 6. Effect of on contingent remainder, 3 S. & R. 435 ; 2 
 
 R. 168. 
 
 7. By heirs of donee in tail, 1 Y. 313; 9 S. & R. 322. 
 
 8. Title of tenant to precipe, 2 R. 168. 
 
 9. Judgment in, 2 C. 126; 13 S. 320. 
 
 Not to be impeached collaterally, 13 S. 320. 
 10. Reversal of, 2 C. 126. 
 
 COMMON REPORT. 
 
 No ground for arrest, 3 B. 38. 
 
 COMMONS. 
 
 1. Right to. 
 
 In Alleghany, 7 W. 394 ; 2 C. 355 ; 1 Gr. 105. 
 As against trespassers, 1 C. 161. 
 Rights incident to, 1 C. 161. 
 
 2. When appurtenant to land, 1 C. 161. 
 
 3. Extinguishment op right op, 1 C. 161. 
 
 COMMON SCHOOLS. See Public Schools. 
 COMMON SCOLD, 12 S. & R. 220; 2 S. 243. 
 
 COMMONWEALTH. 
 
 I. Rights of. 
 
 1. To preference as creditor, 1 D. 150; 2 W. 87. 
 
 2. To preference in trials, 3 Y. 43; IB. 37, 45. 
 
 3. To prompt payment from public agents, 3 C. 497. 
 
 4. To SUE REGARDLESS OF STATUTE OF LIMITATIONS, 5 B. 
 
 77; 3 S. & R. 291; 16 S. & R. 245; 1 W. 54; 4 W. 
 71; 3 Barr 151; 5 Barr 249; 6 Barr 136; 10 Barr 466 ; 
 9 C. 455; 9 S. 165, 166. 
 
 5. To LIEN OF JUDGMENT, 16 S. & R. 245; 1 W. 54; 3 
 
 Barr 151. 
 
 6. To INTEREST, 12 S. & R. 277; 5 H. 14. 
 
 7. Not affected by laches of agent, 1 H. 617. 
 
 8. Of contractor under, 9 W. & S. 121. 
 
 9. To govern whole state, 12 S. 422. 
 
 10. Over navigable rivers. See Navigable Rivers. 
 
 11. To EJECTMENT FOR PURCHASE-MONEY, 9 S. 166. 
 
 II. Powers and authority op. 
 
 1. To empower corporations to take land, 6 B. 509 ; 7 
 Barr 233. See Eminent Domain. 
 
184 COMMONWEALTH— COMMUNIS, &c. 
 
 COMMONWEALTH— cowfzwifec^. 
 
 2. To SOIL OP Penjjsylvania, 4 D. 262; 5 B. 77; 3 S. & 
 
 R. 292 ; 1 P. & W. 466; 1 H. 403. 
 
 3. To ENFORCE RIGHTS OP CORPORATIONS, 6 Wh. 44; 5 H. 400. 
 
 4. To ENPORCE LIABILITY OP CORPORATIONS, 6 B. 509; 1 S. 
 
 & R. 511. 
 
 5. Over public streets, 1 P. & W. 466 ; 6 Wh. 44. 
 
 6. Over navigable rivers, 14 S. & R. 79 ; 1 P. & W. 
 
 462; 1 W. & S. 346; 5 Wr. 147; 6 Wr. 219; 10 Wr. 
 Ill; 18 Wr. 424; 11 S. 21; 13 S. 66. 
 
 7. To proceeds OF judgment in favor of treasurer, 3 
 
 Barr 151. 
 
 8. To TAX Delaware and Hudson Canal Company, 7 
 
 Wr. 227. 
 
 9. To lien for unpaid purchase-monet, 4 Y. 251 ; 5 B. 
 
 77; 13 S. & R. 207; 16 S. & R. 245; 3 P. & W. 363. 
 
 10. To SETTLE accounts WITH PUBLIC DEFAULTERS, 9 Wr. 
 
 507. 
 
 11. To LIEN AGAINST PUBLIC OFFICERS, 4 Barr 164; 10 Barr 
 
 405. 
 
 12. Implied contract by with corporations, 2 C. 287. 
 
 III. Liability of. 
 
 1. For.interest, 2 D. 101; 3 Y. 102. 
 
 2. On grant op public land, 2 C. 335. 
 
 3. To loss op title by conduct of adjoining owner, 5 
 
 B. 247. 
 
 4. To set-off, 4 D. 303. 
 
 5. Under general words of statute, 6 H. 398. 
 
 6. On claim of Connecticut settlers. See Connecticut 
 
 Claims. 
 
 7. Under Bankrupt Act of 1841, 10 Barr 466. 
 
 8. For neglect of public officers, 6 B. 92 ; 9 W. 27 ; 
 
 12 C. 524. 
 
 9. To BE MADE DEPENDANT IN EQUITY, 9 C. 288. 
 
 10. On contracts with private persons, 1 S. 351. 
 
 11. Of contractor under, 9 W. 121. 
 
 IV. Duty op. 
 
 1. As trustee, 2 D. 124. 
 
 2. As to public election, 4 C. 9. 
 
 COMMUNIS ERROR FACIAT JUS. 
 Application of maxim, 1 D. 15, 17, 438. 
 
COMPARISON— OOMPKOBIISE. 185 
 
 COMPARISON. 
 
 1. Oe handwriting. See Handwriting. 
 
 2. Of seal of corporation, 4 R. 163. 
 
 COMPASS. 
 
 Effect of variation on consentable line, 3 Y. 515. 
 
 COMPENSATION. 
 
 Under partially executed but subsequently rescinded contract, 
 8 S. 152. 
 
 COMPENSATION ACT. /See Connecticut Claims. 
 
 COMPENSATORY DAMAGES. Se& Damages. 
 
 COMPERUIT AD DIEM. 
 
 Proceedings under plea of, 2 B. 282. 
 
 COMPETENT TRIBUNAL. 
 Effect of decree of, 2 D. 281. See Decrees. 
 
 COMPETITION. 
 In purchase of land. 
 
 Withholding of when a good consideration for promise, 5 
 W. & S. 427. 
 
 COMPOSITION. 
 
 With creditors. 
 
 1. Effect of secret, 4 Barr 507 ; 6 C. 225. 
 
 2. Implied consideration for, 7 S. 346. 
 
 3. Binding only on parties, 7 S. 346. 
 
 COMPOUND INTEREST. 
 
 1. Liability of accountants for, 4 S. & R. 112; 3 R. 305; 
 
 5 R. 323 ; 5 Barr 87 ; 10 C. 210; 2 Gr. 381. 
 
 2. When disallowed, 4 S. & R. 112; 2 R. 309 ; 10 C. 210. 
 
 COMPROMISE. 
 
 1. By attorney. See Attorney IV. 9. 
 
 2. By executors and administrators, 4 W. & S. 501. 
 
 3. When a good consideration for conveyance, 1 W. & 
 
 S. 445. 
 
 4. When a good consideration for projiiisb to pay, 3 S. 
 
 6 R. -332; 3 R. 25; 2 P. & W. 531; 6 W. 421; 8 W. & 
 S. 81. 
 
 5. Effect of unaccepted offer, 3 S. & R. 295, 332, 418; 
 
 8 S. & R. 243 ; 13 S. & R. 811; 5 R. 184; 1 P. & W. 
 136; 10 Barr 164. 
 
186 COMPROMISE— CONDEMNATION. 
 
 COMPROMISE— co«!;mMec?. 
 
 6. Effect of accepted offer, 16 S. & R. 92, 425; 2 R. 24; 
 
 5 W. & S. 111. 
 
 7. Admissibility of offer in evidence, 11 S. & R. 155 ; 
 
 5R. 134; 2Barrl82;4C. 236. 
 
 8. When not binding, 1 W. 163; 5 W. & S. Ill; 7 H. 130; 
 
 1 C. 63; 3S. 259. 
 
 9. When binding, 2 W. 427; 5 W. 259; 1 W. & S. 445; 5 
 
 W. &S. Ill; 1 G. 63. 
 
 10. As TO boundary line, 3 S. & R. 327; 8 S. & R. 248; 10 
 
 S. & R. 114; 7 W. 311; 1 W. & S. 445; 7 W. & S. 
 340; 11 C. 404; 8 S. 156; 15 S. 86; 20 S. 30. 
 
 11. Of PRIVATE injury, 6 W. 474. 
 
 12. Proof of, 3 Barr 419; 7 H. 130. 
 
 COMPTROLLER-GENERAL. 
 
 1. Power of, 1 D. 363; 1 Y. 140. 
 
 2. Appeal from, 1 D. 363. 
 
 COMPULSORY. 
 
 1. Arbitration. See Arbitration. 
 
 2. Nonsuit. See Nonsuit. 
 
 3. Payment of taxes, 7 C. 73. 
 COMPUTATION OF TIME. See Time. 
 
 CONCEALMENT. 
 
 1. Effect op on contract. See Contract ; Insurance. 
 
 2. Of death of bastard, 2 S. & R. 40; 8 W. 535. 
 
 3. Of property of insolvent, 3 Y. 457. 
 
 4. Fraudulent. See Fraudulent Concealment. 
 
 CONCURRENT. 
 
 1. Acts of partner. See Contract. 
 
 2. Remedies. See Actions. 
 
 3. Negligence. See Negligence. 
 
 4. Possession. 
 
 Of real estate. See Tenants in Common. 
 
 Of personal property, 5 Wh. 545; 2 C. 72; 3 Barr 224; 
 
 8 Gr. 144. 
 When fraudulent, 2 W. & S. 150; 4 Wr. 352; 7 Wr. 
 
 104, 106; 8 Wr. 407; 12 H. 9; 9 S. 461; 13 S. 65; 
 
 19 S. 135. See Sale of Personal Property. 
 
 CONDEMNATION. 
 1. Of real estate under execution. See Inquest. 
 
CONDEMNATION— CONFESSIOxV. 187 
 
 CONDEMNATION— con^j'nMfc?. 
 
 2. Op vessel and cakgo. 
 
 For carrying prohibited goods, 2 Y. 178, 232. 
 
 3. On survey, 2 B. 394; 2 S. & R. 193. 
 
 CONDITION. 
 
 1. Precedent, 4 D. 224, 242; 1 Y. 41; 11 S. & R. 450; 
 
 5 W. 421; 10 W. 390. 
 
 2. Subsequent, 11 S. & R. 450; 5 W. 421; 10 W. 390. 
 
 3. In restraint of alienation, 10 W. 328; 7 H. 369; 
 
 9 0.89; 12 C. 407 ; 7 Wr. 628 ; 10 Wr. 485 ; 3 S. 211 ; 
 7S. 213; 10 S. 155. 
 
 4. In restraint of marriage, 6 W. 88; 3 Wh. 585; 10 
 
 Barr 75, 350; 2 J. 197; 11 C. 100; 2 Wr. 422; 3 Gr. 
 310. 
 
 5. In restraint of trade, 3 Gr. 198; 3 S. 467; 6 S. 194; 
 
 8 S. 51; 10 S. 458; 18 S. 172. 
 
 CONDITIONAL ESTATE. 
 
 1. Creationofbydeed, 5S. &R. 375; 6W. 126; 7 W. 144. 
 
 2. Creation of by will, 9 W. 62; 10 W. 348; 10 Barr 77; 
 
 5 C. 118; 7C. 53; 8 C. 434. 
 
 3. Forfeitures of, 3D. 479, 483, 485; lY. 251; 2Y. 450; 
 
 1 B. 1; 5 S. & R. 375; 5 W. 393; 8 W. 1; 2 W. & S. 
 88 ; 9 Barr 433 ; 3 H. 296 ; 9 H. 232 ; 12 H. 184 ; 10 C. 
 133; 2 Gr. 111. 
 
 CONDITIONAL LIMITATION IN WILL, 7 C. 53. 
 
 CONDITIONAL SALE. See Bailment 2. 
 
 CONDUCT. 
 Of parties. 
 Evidence derived from, 3 P. & W. 293; 3 Wh. 169; 2 Wr. 
 81. 
 
 CONDUCTOR ON RAILROAD. 
 
 1. Rights, powers and duties of, 3 S. 512 ; 5 S. 209; 6 S. 
 
 295; 9 S. 239. 
 
 2. Proof of habits of, in action v. railroad company for 
 
 negligence, 7 S. 339. 
 
 CONFEDERATE VESSELS. 
 
 EflFect of capture of, on insurance, 7 Wr. 491. 
 
 CONFESSION. 
 1. Of prisoner. 
 
 Admissibility of in evidence, 1 D. 40, 240; 2 D. 86; 4 
 D. 116; 4 Barr 264; 5 C. 429. 
 
188 CONFESSION— CONGRESS OP THE U. S. 
 
 CONFESSION— cowfowwed 
 
 Effect of on co-defendant, 5 C. 429. 
 
 2. Of paramour in adultery, G Barr 333. 
 
 3. Of judgment. See Judgment. 
 
 CONFIDENTIAL COMMUNICATIONS. 
 Admissibility of in evidence, 1 D. 66, 439; 3 Y. 5; 3 B. 365; 
 8 W. 81 ; 4 Barr 364; 2 J. 309 ; 10 H. 89. 
 
 CONFIRMATION. 
 
 1. Of accounts. See Accounts. 
 
 2. Of report of viewers. See Roads. 
 
 3. Of sheriff's sale. See Sheriff's Sale. 
 
 4. Of fraudulent deed, 4 S. & R. 483; 1 R. 171; 6 Wr. 
 
 143. 
 
 CONFIRMING ACTS. 
 
 Constitutionality of, 2 D. 316. 
 
 CONFISCATION. 
 
 1. By authority of state, 1 D. 400 ; 4 D. 14. 
 
 2. By authority of president of the United States, 3 
 
 Gr. 406. 
 
 3. Distinguished from sequestration, 3 D. 5, 374. 
 
 4. Of British property, 3 D. 223, 342. 
 
 5. Of vessel, 2 D. 270 ; 4 D. 314. 
 
 6. Value of property how ascertained, 4 D. 21. 
 
 7. For treason, without trial, 4 D. 18. 
 
 CONFLICTING CLAIMS. 
 To land. 
 
 Duty of surveyor on, 4 Y. 494. 
 
 CONFLICT OF LAWS. 
 
 State and national laws, martial, 3 Y. 370, 377. 
 
 CONFUSION OF GOODS. 
 
 Effect of on right of parties, 9 H. 359; 12 H. 246; 1 AVr. 164. 
 
 CONGREGATION. See Churches. 
 
 CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES. 
 I. Powers of. 
 
 1. To adjudicate, 3 D. 77. 
 
 2. Whence derived, 3 D. 94, 95. 
 
 3. Over goods useful in war, 1 D.,362. 
 
CONGKESS OP THE UNITED STATES 189 
 
 CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES— continued. 
 
 4. To CREATE Court of Admiralty, 3 D. 16, 80. 
 
 5. To CREATE Court op Appeal, 3 D. 80. 
 
 6. Before Articles of Confederation, 3 D. 42, 231. 
 
 7. After Articles of Confederation, 3 D. 232. 
 
 8. Revolutionary powers of, discussed, 5 Y. 120. 
 
 9. Privileges of members of, 3 D. 478 ; 4 Y. 347 ; 6 B. 
 
 213. 
 
 10. To ENACT LAWS RELATIVE TO NAVAL APPRENTICES, 4 B. 
 
 487. 
 
 11. To ENFORCE Stamp Act on process of state courts, 
 
 16 S. 89. 
 
 12. Resolutions of when evidence, 3 D. 3, 9, 42. 
 
 CONNECTED SURVEY. 
 
 Certified draft of, when evidence, 9 Wr. 495. 
 
 CONNECTICUT CLAIMS. 
 
 1. History of, 2 D. 304; 4 D. 262; 6 B. 56 ; 2 W. 31. 
 
 2. Constitutionality of statutes relative to, 4 D. 255 ; 
 
 10 S. & R. 169. 
 
 3. Purchase of, 1 B. 110 ; 6 B. 55 ; 14 S. & R. 311. 
 
 4. Deed for land under, when evidence, 3 B. 4; 6 B. 55. 
 5.- Compensation for, a personal right, 3 P. & W. 509. 
 
 6. Compensation, act relative to, construed, 6 B. 55. 
 
 7. Ejectment for land, within, 2 S. & R. 178. 
 
 8. Assignment of, 2 S. & R. 441. ^ 
 
 9. Release of, 1 S. & R. 511. 
 
 10. Value op land claimed under, 2 S. & R. 45. 
 
 11. Right Of claimant, 6 B. 462. 
 
 12. Action for value op land taken, 4 Y. 493. 
 
 13. Form op issue as to, 4 S. & R. 231. 
 
 14. Verdict on, 4 S. & R. 231. 
 
 15. Writ op error on, 4 S. & R. 231. 
 
 16. Commissioners under. 
 
 OiEce not incompatible with that of judge, 1 S. & R. 1. 
 
 Powers of, 6 B. 462 ; 1 S. & R. 1. 
 
 Form of certificate and survey, 1 S. & R. 1. 
 
 Eifect of certificate of, 4 Y. 493; 6 B. 462; 1 S. & R. 1 ; 
 
 4 S. & R. 281; 6 S. & R. 94. 
 Effect of survey hy, 3 S. & R. 329. 
 
190 CONNECTICUT SETTLER— CONSIGNEE. 
 
 CONNECTICUT SETTLER. 
 
 1. Action by, for value of land, 4 Y. 493. 
 
 2. Deed of, when evidence, 3 B. 4. 
 
 3. Lien of judgment against, 3 B. 6. 
 
 CONSANGUINITY. 
 
 Marriage within degrees of, discussed, 8 Wr. 309. 
 
 CONSCIENTIOUS SCRUPLES. 
 Of jurors, 17 S. & R. 155, 165. 
 Of witnesses. See Witnesses. 
 
 CONSCRIPTION LAW. 
 Constitutionality of, 9 Wr. 238; 3 Gr. 465, 568. 
 
 CONSENSUS TOLLIT ERROREM. 
 Application of maxim, 15 S. 189. 
 
 CONSENT. 
 
 Reference by, in account render, 2 Y. 95. 
 Jurisdiction not given by. See Jurisdiction. 
 
 CONSENTABLE LINES. See Boundary Line. 
 
 CONSEQUENTIAL. 
 Injury. 
 
 Action for, 1 Y. 409, 490; 1 B. 463; 2 S. & R. 215; 8 
 W. & S. 85; 10 Barr 93; 2 AVr. 281; 10 Wr. 112; 
 6S.'326. *S'ee Case; Railroads. 
 
 CONSIDERATION. See Contract. 
 
 CON^GNMENT. 
 
 With direction as to proceeds, 10 Barr 154. 
 
 CONSIGNEE. 
 1. Rights of. 
 
 To produce his books in evidence, 2 Y. 254. 
 
 To sue carrier for loss of goods, 6 S. & R. 429; 4 Wh. 
 
 215;lWr. 170. 
 To delivery of goods consigned, 6 Wh. 435, 442 ; 5 C. 
 
 357. 
 To retain price for want of title in consignor, 6 W. & 
 
 S. 75. 
 To prevent consigned property from distress, 7 W. & S. 
 
 452. 
 To sell for repayment of advances, 3 H. 229, 234. 
 As against creditor of consignor, 12 11. 521. 
 
COxNTSIGNEE— CONSPIEACY. 191 
 
 CONSIGNEE— coM^mwecZ. 
 
 2. Duty of. 
 
 As to landing cargo, 4 T>. 458. 
 
 To obey orders of consignor, 4 D. 389 ; 3 H. 229. 
 
 As to receiving and forwarding goods, 6 W. & S. 62. 
 
 3. Liability of. 
 
 For consequential damages, 1 Y. 490. 
 
 For disobedience of orders, 3 II. 229. 
 
 For refusing to receive goods, 6 W. & S. 62. 
 
 On acceptance of order of consignor, 10 Barr 28. 
 
 To shipper, 2 D. 223 ; 1 Y. 409. 
 
 On delivery of goods to carrier, 12 H. 521. 
 
 On receipt by agent, 4 Wh. 526. 
 
 Of estate of to consignor, 10 Barr 124. 
 
 As garnishee of consignor, 4 S. 84. 
 
 As factor of consignor, 5 S. 260. 
 
 Books of when evidence, 2 Y. 254. 
 
 CONSIGNOR. 
 
 1. Rights of. 
 
 As to stoppage in transitu. iSee Stoppage in Transitu. 
 
 To suit against carrier, 4 Wh. 204, 215. iSee also Car- 
 rier. 
 
 To suit against consignee, 4 Wh. 526; 10 Barr 124. See 
 also Consignee. 
 
 To interest, 3 H. 229. 
 
 On delivery of goods for vendee to carrier, 12 H. 521 ; 2 
 C. 340. 
 
 2. Duty op. 
 
 As to rejection or ratification of acts of consignee, 8 H. 
 229, 235. 
 
 3. Powers op. 
 
 To bind equitable owner of goods, 7 Barr 281. 
 To bind consignee by orders, 8 H. 229. 
 
 4. Liability of. 
 
 To supercargo for advances, 1 R. 126. 
 
 To distrain goods for rent due by consignee, 7 W. & S. 
 
 452. 
 After delivery to carrier, 5 C. 357. 
 
 CONSOLIDATION. 
 
 Of actions. See Action. 
 
 Of corporation. See Corporation. 
 
 Of school districts. See Public Schools. 
 
 CONSPIRACY. 
 I. When indictable. 
 
192 CONSPIRACY. 
 
 CONSPIRACY— co^ifmwec^. 
 
 1. Generally, 2 Y. 1 ; 8 S. & R. 420; 5 W. & S. 461 ; 9 
 
 Barr 211; 3 H. 272; 11 H. 355; 18 S. 174. 
 
 2. To PREVENT USE OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE IN CHURCH, 3 
 
 R. & R. 9. 
 
 3. To CHEAT. 
 
 By selling forged bank notes, 3 S. & R. 220 ; 9 Barr 
 211. 
 
 4. To RAISE OR DEPRESS PRICE OF LABOR, 18 S. 174. 
 
 5. To' DEFRAUD CREDITORS, 2 S. & R. 220. 
 
 6. To HISS AN ACTOR, 8 Barr 238. 
 
 7. To ABDUCT DAUGHTER, 2 Y. 115; 5 S. 461. 
 
 8. To COMPEL MINOR 1*0 MARRY, 5 W. & S. 461. 
 
 9. To LAY OUT TOWNSHIP IN LCZERNE COUNTY BY USURPED 
 
 POWER, 4 D. 265. 
 
 10. To COMMIT AN ASSAULT AND BATTEEY, 5 C. 296. 
 
 11. To COMMIT ADULTERY, 2 H. 226. 
 
 12. Merger of in commission of offence, 1 Gr. 224. 
 
 II. Form of indictment, 3 S. & R. 220; 8 S. & R. 420; 4 
 
 Barr 210; 5 Barr 60; 11 H. 335. 
 
 1. Joinder of defendants in, 5 S. & R. 59. 
 
 2. Where tried, 7 S. & R. 469. 
 
 III. Evidence. 
 
 1. Of acts and declarations of parties, 3 S. & R. 9; 7 
 
 W. 305, 307; 4 W. 359; 11 H. 325; 2 C. 84. 
 
 2. Proof of malice, 1 Wr. 350; 6 Wr. 402; 9 Wr. 9; 13 
 
 Wr. 122; 19 S. 103. 
 
 3. For defence, 6 Wr. 402; 13 Wr. 151. 
 
 IV. Action for. 
 
 1. When it lies, 3 S. & R. 320; 6 S. & R. 224; 8 S. & 
 
 R. 522 ; 14 S. & R. 71; 2 P. & W. 126; 6 W. 304, 
 306, 519; 10 W. 134; 4 Barr 210; 5 Barr 60: 10 
 Barr 369, 372; 2 H. 214; 9 C. 463, 663; 10 C. 178; 
 19 S. 103. 
 
 2. Abatement of, 2 P. & W. 126. 
 
 3. Declaration in, 1 B. 172; 1 R. 29; 3 W. 257 ; 8 W. 
 
 355; 8 Barr 237; 10 Barr 369. 
 
 4. Evidence for plaintiff, 7 W. 305 ; 3 Barr 81 ; 10 
 
 Barr 369; 1 Wr. 350; 6 Wr. 402; 9 Wr. 9; 13 Wr. 
 122; 15 S. 507; 19 S. 103. 
 
CONSPIKACY— CONSTAKLE. 193 
 
 COliiSVIRAGY— continued. 
 
 5. Evidence for defendant, 1 B. 172; 8 S. & R. 522; 6 
 
 W. 304; 6 Wr. 402; 13 Wr. 151. 
 
 6. Damages in, 1 B. 172; 8 S. & R. 522; 6 W. 304; 15 
 
 S. 507; 19 S. 103. 
 
 CONSTABLE. 
 
 1. "Next." 
 
 Who is, under Act of 1810, 13 S. & R. 336; 3 Ban- 350. 
 
 2. Oath of, 6 W. & S. 513. 
 
 3. Bond of. 
 
 Form of, 7 Barr 240. 
 
 Approval of, 2 W. 448 ; 7 Barr 241. 
 
 When evidence, 2 S. & R. 420. 
 
 Liability of surety, 4 B. 59 : 5 B. 184; 5 S. & R. 107; 
 6 S. & R. 245; 7 S. & R. 349; 8 S. & R. 414; 17 
 S. & R. 354, 378; 3 W. 208; 4 W. 217; 7 W. 292; 
 8 W. 398 ; 5 Wh. 144 ; 6 W. & S. 513 ;■ 2 Barr 49, 
 462; 7 Barr 240; 3 H. 57; 5 C. 176; 6 C. 210; 
 16 S. 172. 
 
 Defence to suit on, 3 H. 57. 
 
 4. Rights and powers of. 
 
 To sue, on promise to pay amount of execution in his 
 hands, 5 W. & S. 511. 
 
 To require aid of posse comitatus, 5 Wh. 437 ; 17 S. 30. 
 
 To protection on execution of wai-rant, 5 S. & R. 299. 
 
 To require indemnity, 8 W. 220; 2 H. 510. 
 
 To purchase at his own sales, 2 Wh. 52; 8 H. 342. 
 
 To serve process after appointment of deputy, 3 P. & W. 
 236. 
 
 To apply proceeds of execution to his own debt, 2 R. 199. 
 
 To recover from defendant, money paid by him on ne- 
 glected execution, 6 W. 228; 7 W. 353. 
 
 To recover costs from county, 4 C. 173. 
 
 To sue on bond given for delivery of goods levied on, 7 
 W. 353. 
 
 In order to preserve the peace, 17 S. 30. 
 
 To remove property levied on, 3 H. 144. 
 
 To arrest without warrant, 17 S. 30. 
 
 To sell goods, bound by lien of fieri facias out of Common 
 Pleas, 10 W. 212. 
 
 To appeal from award, 10 W. 403; 4 W. & S. 278. 
 
 To benefit of Exemption Law, 5 C. 176. 
 
 For illegal arrest, 2 W. & S. 229 ; 8 W. & S. 308. 
 
 On payment of debt lost by neglect, 6 W. 228 ; 7 W. 
 353. 
 
194 CONSTABLE. 
 
 CONSTABLE— Mw^mMecZ. 
 
 To furnish copy of warrant of justice as justification, 1 B. 
 124; 3B. 2i9;'5S. & R. 302. 
 
 5. Ddty op. 
 
 After indemnity, 2 H. 510. 
 
 As to ruling of magistrate, 3 C. 199. 
 
 As to sale in default of military services, 1 Y. 300. 
 
 As to sale on fieri facias, 8 W. 220; 1 W. & S. 264. 
 
 Under Exemption Law, 1 Wr. 425; 7 H. 255. 
 
 As to execution of warrant, 3 B. 88. 
 
 A.S to return of writs, 2 R. 199; 6 W. 228, 534; 8 W. 
 
 220; 4 Wh. 56; 5W. &S. 457; 2Barr'51; 8 
 
 Barr405; 6 H. 267. 
 As to return of offences within his knowledge, 17 S. 30. 
 
 6. Sales by. 
 
 Effect of as to title, 1 W. & S. 264; 3 C. 199. 
 
 Effect of on right to appeal, 7 W. 377. 
 
 Must be published, 3 H. 90. 
 
 Must be held by proper oificer, 3 Barr 349. 
 
 When invalid, 3 Barr 399; 3 H. 90; 3 0. 199. 
 
 7. Liability op. 
 
 For selling without levy or notice, 1 Barr 238. 
 
 For acts of deputy, 9 W. 430, 439. 
 
 For acts under irregular writ, 6 B. 123; 11 S. & R. 185. 
 
 For sale under revoked writ, 3 C. 199. 
 
 For serving process of court martial, 2 S. & R. 75. 
 
 For obstructing street by sale, 13 S. & R. 301, 403. 
 
 For false return, 15 S. & R. 75 ; 4 Wh. 55. 
 
 For insufficient return, 8 W. 220 ; 6 W. & S. 534 ; 4 Wh. 
 
 56. 
 For neglect to return writ, 6 W. 228 ; 7 W. 353 ; 6 W. 
 
 & S. 534 ; 5 C. 176. 
 For escape, 4 W. 215; 8 Barr 405; 6 H. 263. 
 For money collected under writ, 5 W. & S. 459. 
 For refusing to appraise goods under the Exemption Law, 
 
 6 H. 307; 7 H. 255: 1 C. 352; 4 C. 238: 6 C. 
 
 264, 267; 8 C. 82; 10 C. 36, 127, 187, 201; 1 Wr. 
 
 425. See also, Exemption. 
 For levying on goods of stranger, 6 W. & S. 513; 2 H. 
 
 510; 10 0. 48. 
 On warrant to distrain, 5 H. 163. 
 To fieri facias from Common Pleas under transcript from 
 
 justice, 3 W. 278. 
 8. Action against. 
 
 On bond, 6 S. & R. 245; 6 W. & S. 513. 
 
CONSTABLE— CONSTRUCTIVE. 195 
 
 GO'NSTABLE— continued. 
 
 Liability of sureties of, 6 S, & R. 245; 3 Wh. 144; 6 
 
 W. & S. 513. 
 Limitation to suit against, 9 C. 199; 16 S. 172. 
 What acts of plaintiff will release, 2 W. & S. 229. 
 What acts of magistrate will release, 5 W. & S. 457. 
 Evidence in, 3 H. 57. 
 Declaration in, 2 Barr 49. 
 For illegal arrest. 
 
 Evidence in, 2 W. & S. 229; 8 W. & S. 305. 
 9. Powers of deputy, 3 P. & W. 236; 9 W. 430. 
 
 CONSTITUTION. 
 I. Nature of discussed, 2 D. 303; 4 Y. 258; 3 C. 444. 
 
 IL Mode oe construino, 4 D. 14; 4 B. 123; 13 S. & R. 
 178; 2 R. 374; 12 S. & R. 339; 6 W. & S. 114; 7 
 W. & S. 127; 8 W. & S. 380; 5 H. 119; 7 H. 260; 
 9 H. 147, 173, 188, 161; 3 C. 456; 6 S. 436; 8 S. 
 226. 
 
 III. Implied prohibitions in, 17 S. 153. 
 
 IV. Of the United States. 
 
 1. Powers under, discussed, 2 D. 419, 480; 3 D. 237; 
 
 3 S. & R. 169. 
 
 2. Retrospective operation of, 3 D. 237, 279. 
 
 3. Effect of on state enactments, 3 D. 237; 3 S. & R. 
 
 169; 1 R. 189; 8 W. & S. 49. 
 
 4. Right of state court to decide on, 5 B. 355; 3 S. & 
 
 R. 169; 7 W. & S. 447. 
 
 5. Amendment of. 
 
 Effect of on suits in United States Court, 3 D. 382. 
 
 V. Of Pennsylvania. 
 
 1. Amendment of, 2 D. 378, 382; 8 W. 331; 3 C. 444. 
 
 CONSTITUTIONALITY. 
 
 Of Acts of Assembly. See Acts of Assembly. 
 
 CONSTRUCTION. See Award; Contract; Covenant; 
 Deed; Will. 
 
 CONSTRUCTIVE. 
 
 Fraud. See Fraud. 
 
 Notice. See Notice. 
 
 Ouster. See Ouster. 
 
 Possession, /S'ee Possession; Vendee. 
 
 Tenancy. See Landlord ; Tenant. 
 
 Larceny. See Larceny. 
 
196 CONSUL— CONTESTED ELECTIONS. 
 
 CONSUL. 
 
 1. Rights of. 
 
 In controversy between foreigners, 1 Y. 371. 
 
 As defendant in state court, 1 B. 138; 5 S. & R. 545. 
 
 To protection, 1 D. 113. 
 
 2. Privileges of, 2 D. 29S). 
 8. Liability of. 
 
 To action, 1 D. 203; 3 D. 384; 1 B. 138; 5 S. & R. 
 
 541. 
 To criminal prosecutions, 5 S. & R. 545. 
 
 CONSULAR CONVENTION. 
 
 Between the United States and France. 
 
 Arrest of deserters under, 3 D. 16, 42, 53, 56, 319. 
 Who are included within term of, 1 Y. 546. 
 Construction of, 3 Y. 45. 
 
 CONSULAR JURISDICTION. 
 Of France discussed, 3 D. 16. 
 
 CONTEMPT OF COURT. 
 
 1. In presence of codrt, 9 S. 429. 
 
 2. By public officer, 1 D. 29 ; 1 Y. 403; 9 W. 416; 5 W. 
 
 & S. 272. 
 
 3. By publisher of newspaper, 1 D. 319; 3 Y. 438, 441, 
 
 570; 4 Y. 467; 5 R. 191. 
 
 4. By attornby-at-la-vt, 5 R. 191 ; 1 Gr. 453. 
 
 5. By witness, 1 Y. 18, 303; 2 Y. 260; 4 Y. 347; 1 Gr. 
 
 453. 
 
 6. For refusal to obey habeas corpus, 2 C. 9. 
 
 7. Attachment fob. 
 
 When awarded, 1 D. 329; 1 Y. 2, 18; 3 Y. 411, 441; 
 9 H. 291; 2 C. 9, 99; 8 Wr. 247; 12 Wr. 328, 
 335; 14 Wr. 285; 1 Gr. 237; 9 S. 425. 
 
 Proceedings on, 9 W. 416; 2 Barr 31 ; 9 S. 425. 
 
 Relief from, 1 Y. 40; 2 C. 9. 
 
 Commitment on, 2 C. 23, 42 ; 9 S. 425. 
 
 8. Costs on, 1 S). 340,; 1 Y. 303. 
 
 9. In justice's court, 12 S. & R. 175; 2 C. 99. 
 10. Review of, in error, 9 W. 416 ; 1 Gr. 453. 
 
 CONTESTED ELECTIONS. 
 
 1. Power of court in, 2 H. 486; 3 H. 313; 5 Wr. 396, 403, 
 
 429; 7 Wr. 341, 372, 384; 8 Wr. 332, 341; 18 S. 333. 
 
 2. Petition in, 7 Wr. 384; 15 S. 20, 21, 185. 
 
 Amendment of, 15 S. 21 ; 18 S. 333. 
 
CONTESTED ELECTIONS— CONTINUANCE. 197 
 
 CONTESTED ELECTIONS— conimwet^. 
 
 3. Act of 1839 relative to, construed, 7 Wr. 384. 
 
 4. Practice in Quarter Sessions in, 15 S. 21. 
 
 5. Injunction in, 7 Wr. 372, 384 ; 11 Wr. 292 ; 6 S. 359. 
 
 6. Mandamus in, 5 R. 75; 2 Gr. 214. 
 
 7. Quo warranto in, 5 R. 75 ; 6 S. 359. 
 
 8. In Philadelphia. 
 
 Proceedings in, 4 C. 9. 
 On ward elections, 5 R. 75. 
 
 On election of school directors, 7 W. 500 ; 2 Gr. 214. 
 Power of court in, 2 H. 486 ; 3 H. 313 ; 3 Wr. 396, 403, 
 429; 8 Wr. 341; 18 S. 333. 
 
 CONTINGENT INTERESTS. 
 
 1. Protection op, on sale of real property, 2 Wr. 112. 
 
 2. Assignable in equity, 14 S. 366. 
 CONTINGENT LEGACIES. See Legacy. 
 
 CONTINGENT REMAINDER. 
 
 1. Distinguished from vested, 1 Y. 340; 1 Wr. 105, 482; 
 
 9 Wr. 398. 
 
 2. Creation of, by will, 1 Y. 411; 2 B. 455; 1 S. & R. 
 
 144; 3 S. & R. 435; 10 S. & R. 296; 14 S. k R. 41; 
 2 R. 162 ; 5 R. 9, 231 ; 1 W. 466 ; 4 Barr 102 ; 5 Barr 
 504; 11 H. 31; 8 S. 424; 11 S. 115. 
 
 3. Effect of common recovery on, 3 S. & R. 435. 
 
 4. Forfeiture of, 1 Y. 341 ; 9 S. & R. 322. 
 
 CONTINUANCE OF CAUSE. 
 
 1. On ground op surprise, 2 R. 413; 4 R. 162; 6 Barr 
 
 121; 8H. 19; 7 C. 523. 
 
 2. For absence op witness, 1 D. 9, 81, 136, 248; 2 D. 
 
 95,109, 183, 334, 384; 1 Y. 15, 20. 284; 1 B. 45S; 
 4 B. 243; 8 W. 77; 2 W. & S. 438; 10 Barr 418. 
 
 3. For religious scruples as to Jewish sabbath, 2 P. & 
 
 W. 412. 
 
 4. For absence of counsel, 3 D. 305. 
 
 5. For absence op judge, 3 D. 35, 36. 
 
 6. For absence op party, 1 D. 452; 2 D. 109, 182; 13 
 
 S. &R. 295; 16 S. & R. 98. 
 
 7. On account of sickness, 2 D. 152. 
 
 8. On account of death of party, 16 S. & R. 98. 
 
 9. In expectation of compromise, 1 Y. 18, 20. 
 
198 CONTINUANCE OF CAUSE— CONTRACT. 
 
 CONTINUANCE OF GA\JSE— continued. 
 
 10. Application for. 
 Affidavit to, 1 D. 81. 
 
 Entry of on record, 2 D. 378; 8 S. & R. 380 ; 5 R. 254. 
 
 11. Effect of on Statute of Limitations, 1 D. 411; 5 
 
 R. 254. 
 
 12. Costs of, 1 Y. 171. 
 
 13. Not eeviewed on error, 4 H. 412. 
 
 CONTINUANDO. 
 
 Waiver of in trespass, 1 D. 411, 450. 
 
 Eifect of on Statute of Limitations, 1 D. 415; 5 R. 254. 
 
 CONTRA.DICTION OF WITNESS. See Witness. 
 
 CONTRADICTORY STATEMENTS OF WITNESSES. 5 
 Wr. 102; 7 Wr. 9. 
 
 CONTRACT. 
 
 I. Between William Penn and Lord Baltimore, con- 
 
 strued, 8 Wr. 487. 
 
 II. Express. See also, Assumption. 
 
 1. Defined, 12 H. 193; 5 C. 465. 
 
 2. Implication of, implied, excluded by, 3 B. 126; 5 
 
 C. 335. 
 
 3. Absolute, 1 Wr. 360. 
 
 4. When no legal obligation arises from, 5 C. 352. 
 
 5. Relation of parties, when and when not confi- 
 ' DENTiAL, 10 W. 110; 5 Barr 467; 15 S. 224. 
 
 6. Mutual assent necessary, 8 S. & R. 248; 3 W. 32, 
 
 216; 7 W. 48; 10 W. 280; 4 Wli. 369; 5 Barr 343; 
 6 Barr 487; 9 Barr 315; 18 Wr. 88; 3 S. 273, 474; 
 19 S. 311, 474; 20 S. 64. 
 
 7. Effect op offer sent by mail or telegraph, 5 Barr 
 
 839; 4 Wh. 369; 1 Gr. 395; 12 S. 487; 19 S. 321. 
 
 8. Effect of unaccepted offer, 8 S. & R. 243; 8 W. 
 
 22, 216; 7 W. 48; 10 W. 280; 4 Wh. 369; 5 Barr 
 843; 6 Barr 487; 9 Barr 315; 3 S. 373; 19 S. 321. 
 
 9. Continuing offer defined, 20 S. 64. 
 
 10. Acceptance of, 10 W. 280; 5 W. & S. 357; 7 W. & S. 
 
 144; 9 Barr 221, 320; 5 C. 358, 463; 3 S. 373; 19 
 S. 311, 321. 
 
 11. Is the law as between parties to, 3 D. 506 ; 5 Barr 
 
 102; 5 C. 354; 7 C. 449. 
 
COiNTRACT. 199 
 
 GOl^TRAGT— continued. 
 
 12. Mutual rights, duties and liabilities of parties, 3 
 S. & R. 327; 4 Barr 73, 78 ; 5 Barr 369; 5 S. 504, 516. 
 
 13. Consideration. 
 
 Necessity for, 3 P. & W. 413 ; 7 W. 317 ; 1 Barr 445, 
 450; 4 Barr 305; 7 Barr 100, 175; 10 Barr 38, 
 170; 11 H. 76; 2 C. 335, 338; 9 S. 172; 11 S. 
 552. 
 
 Amount not essential, 4 D. 229; 2 Y. 112; 2 W. 104; 5 
 Barr 162; 8 H. 303; 12 H. 193. 
 
 When implied, 1 S. & R. 316, 408; 7 Barr 100; 9 H. 
 309; 12 H. 62; 9 S. 95. See Seal; Specialty. 
 
 When to be shown, 5 B. 469; 6 S. & R. 285; 3 R. 355; 
 
 3 P. & W. 382; 3 W. 151; 4 W. 359; 3 Wh. 283; 
 
 4 Wh. 114; 5 Wh. 337; 6 Wh. 232; 6 Barr 327 ; 7 
 Barr 401, 476; 2 J. 118; 3 H. 324; 4 H. 289 ; 12 
 H. 193; 1 C. 509; 1 Wr. 367; 9 Wr. 464; 5 S. 
 518. 
 
 Limit to inquiry into, 6 S. & R. 285; 11 S. & R. 155 ; 2 
 
 W. 104. 
 Forbearance as a consideration, 2 B. 506 ; 5 S. & R. 519; 
 
 11 S. & R. 327 ; 1 R. 349 ; 5 R. 69 ; 1 P. & W. 
 383; 3 P. & W. 282, 386; 3 W. 213, 217; 3 W. & 
 S. 420; 4 Barr 73; 5 Barr 162; 8 Barr 301; 9 
 Barr 147, 183; 5 H. 469; 9 H. 237; 5 Wr. 97. 
 
 Moral or equitable obligation, 2 B. 229, 595 ; 5 B. 33 ; 
 
 12 S. & R. 177; 2 R. 356; 4 R. 452; 1 W. 160; 5 
 W. 200; 8 W. & S. 10; 2 Barr 443; 10 Barr 368; 
 12 H. 367. 
 
 Compromise of doubtful right. 3 S. & R. 332 ; 2 P. & W. 
 
 531; 6 W. 421; 1 W. & S. 445; 6 Barr 417. 
 Discontinuance of suit, 9 Barr 183. 
 Release of interest in land, 10 C. 24. 
 Compromise of prosecution, 9 W. & S. 69 ; 11 H. 340. 
 Past co-habitation, 11 H. 338. 
 Withholding bid at public sale, 5 W. & S. 427. 
 Voluntary benefit or service, 2 B. 591; 5 B. 33; 10 
 
 Barr 366; 3 H. 166; 20 S. 249. 
 Surrender of principal on bail piece, 2 B. 591. 
 Support of party for life, 1 R. 349 ; 6 H. 440 ; 10 Wr. 78. 
 Payment of grantor's debts, 4 R. 452 ; 2 P. & W. 82 ; 2 
 
 W. 104; 6 W. & S. 72; 7 W. & S. 144, 317; 2 Barr 
 
 397; IJ. 163; 12 S. 177. 
 Love and affection, 1 Barr 445. 
 Loan of credit, 2 P. & W. 75; 2 W. 104 ; 5 Barr 162 : 2 
 
 Wr. 302. 
 
200 CONTRACT. 
 
 COl^iTRAGi:— continued. 
 
 Release of party to note, 9 H. 237. 
 
 Where it consists of depreciated paper, 1 D. 256, 258 ; 2 
 
 D. 133, 134. 
 Concurrent and mutual, discussed, 11 S. & R. 445; 5 
 
 W. 420; 2 Wh. 204; 2 W. & S. 26, 53; 4 Barr 39; 
 
 3 H. 159; 6 S. 101; 7 S. 302. 
 
 14. ExBCDTED. See Executed Contract. 
 
 15. Executory. See Executory Contract. 
 
 16. Entire and severable, 13 S. & R. 47; 3 R. 381; 2 
 
 P. & W. 63, 71, 464; 7 W. 318; 2 Wh. 204; 2 W. & 
 S. 377; 5 W. & S. 382; 8 W. & S. 367; 2 Barr 74; 
 10 Barr 232, 483; 3 H. 159; 12 H. 184; 6 C. 202; 
 9 C. 192; 7 Wr. 313; 2 Gr. 278; 9 S. 420: 10 S. 
 182; 16 S. 351. 
 
 17. Conditional, 12 S. 486. See Condition. 
 
 18. AbandoNxMent of. See Abandonment 7. 
 
 19. Alteration op. See Alteration. 
 
 20. Confirmation of, 4 S. & R. 483 ; 5 S. & R. 226; 1 R. 
 
 121; 4 R. 473; 2 P. & W. 82; 3 Wh. 370; 4 Wh. 
 311; 3 W. & S. 36; 1 H. 370; 19 S. 322. 
 
 21. Ratification of, 4 H. 289; 8 H. 295; 8 C. 340; 8 
 
 Wr. 9. 
 
 22. Extinguishment of, 2 S. & R. 275; 8 S. & R. 569. 
 
 23. Recission of. 
 
 By decree of court, 1 Wh. 374 ; 5 Wh. 371 ; 6 Barr 368 ; 
 
 4 H. 59; 10 H. 245; 11 H. 117; 6 C. 99; 7 C. 
 204; 8 C. 144; 4 Wr. 474; 6 Wr. 114, 143; 4 S. 
 472; 5 S. 269, 276; 7 S. 65, 166; 8 S. 477; 9 S. 
 84; 11 S. 191, 427; 12 S. 17; 17 S. 404, 512. 
 See also, Cancellation ; Equity. 
 
 By the parties, 2 Y. 6; 3 Y. 531; 3 S. & R. 413, 
 423; 5 S. & R. 323; 14 S. & R. 27; 15S. &R.12 
 16 S. & R. 98, 292; 4 R. 370; 1 P. & W. 140 
 3 P. & W. 67, 96; 2 W. 433; 3 W. 32; 4 W. 196 
 
 5 W. 323, 412, 525; 7 W. 372; 8 W. 510; 9 W 
 106, 107; 3 Wh. 369; 2 W. & S. 216; 3 W. & S 
 429; 4 W. & S. 316; 5 W. & S. 106, 521; 1 Barr 
 30 ; 2 Barr 240, 295 ; 4 Barr 259 ; 5 Barr 279, 339 
 10 Barr 483; 2 J. 238; 1 H. 344; 2 H. 308; 3 H 
 429; 9H. 367; 12 H. 37, 154; 1 C. 208 ; 2 C. 54 
 3 C. 294 ; 4 C. 42, 426 ; 6 C. 114, 116, 147 ; 7 C 
 314 ; 10 C. 1,80 ; 3 Wr. 473 ; 5 Wr. 319 ; 6 Wr 
 166; 8 Wr. 12; 9 Wr. 151, 390; 10 Wr. 96 
 
CONTRACT. 201 
 
 CO'NT'RAGT— continued. 
 
 268, 426 ; 12 Wr. 291 ; 14 Wr. 212, 240 ; 2 Gr. 
 113 ; 3 S. 165, 168 ; 4 S. 203, 291 ; 6 S. 141 ; 8 S. 
 152 ; 11 S. 427 ; 19 S. 249, 868 ; 20 S. 304. 
 
 24. Performance of. 
 
 When to be shown, 3 W. 331 ; 2 W. & S. 26, 53 ; 4 Barr 
 
 43 ; 3 H. 151 ; 2 Gr. 278. 
 When excused, 4 S. 291. 
 
 25. Waiver op terms of, 2 P. & W. 439, 461 ; 2 W. & S. 
 
 26, 55, 216 ; 10 Barr 232 ; 13 Wr. 88; 2 Gr. 278 ; 3 
 S. 165; 4S. 261. 
 
 26. How proved, 2 Y. 289 ; 3 Y. 347 ; 2 S. & R. 352 ; 11 
 
 S. & R. 280 ; 4 W. 121 ; 4 Barr 320 ; 6 Barr 41 ; 8 
 Barr 194 ; 9 Barr 260 ; 10 H. 460 ; 3 0. 144 ; 1 Wr. 
 210, 228, 402 ; 3 Wr. 274 ; 5 Wr. 330 ; 9 Wr. 464 ; 
 10 Wr. 78, 252 ; 11 Wr. 115. 
 Readiness and willingness to perform distinguished, 12 
 Wr. 291. 
 
 27. When to be in writing, 7 0. 252, 265 ; 2 Wr. 302 ; 
 
 4 Wr. 107 ; 9 Wr. 345 ; 11 Wr. 113. See also, Stat- 
 ute OF Frauds. 
 
 Need not be in ink, 2 J. 170. 
 
 As to punctuation, 9 C. 186. 
 
 As to execution of, 4 Barr 319, 423 ; 6 Barr 41 ; 1 H. 505. 
 
 28. Voidable, 5 W. 468 ; 8 W. 388. 
 
 29. Void. 
 
 For immoral or illegal consideration, 4 D. 271, 290, 298 ; 
 1 Y. 271, 483 ; 2 Y. 109 ; 4 Y. 34, 484 ; 1 B. 110 ; 
 
 5 B. 109; 6 B. 321; 5 S. & R. 189; 11 S. & R. 
 155, 166; 13 S. & R. 29, 96; 3 W. 203; 7W. 152, 
 294; 1 W. & S. 474; 1 Barr 117; 5 Barr 452; 6 
 Barr 473; 10 Barr 88; 3 H. 312; 9 H. 44; 2 C. 
 331, 385; 6 C. 478. 
 
 For want of consideration. See Assumption. 
 
 For misunderstanding of parties, 10 S. & R. 290 ; 14 S. & 
 
 R. 159 ; 8 W. 82 ; 2 Barr 18 ; 8 Barr 21 ; 5 Barr 409. 
 For failure of consideration. See Assumption. 
 For uncertainty, 2 Y. 522; 13 S. & R. 96; 17 S. & R. 
 
 4; 2 0. 885; 8 C. 506. 
 For insanity or intemperance of party, 4 R. 234; 6 W. 
 
 139, 140; 7 W. & S. Ill, 244; 4 Barr 159, 875; 
 
 6 Barr 371; 2 J. 159; 2 H. 417; 7 C. 243; 3 S. 
 97; 6 S. 370; 11 S. 245; 19 S. 204, 207; 20 S. 
 281; 1 Gr. 253. 
 
 For breach of faith, 1 H. 242, 246 ; 3 H. 812; 6 C. 478. 
 
202 CONTRACT. 
 
 COJ^TEAGT— continued. 
 
 For concealment, 1 Y. 307, 312; 2 Y. 89, 109; 3 Y. 
 
 33; 3S. &R. 327; 10 W. 280; 7Barr293; 13 S. 
 
 95; 11 S. 202; 15 S. 496. 
 For misrepresentation and fraud, 4 D. 250 ; 4 S. & 
 
 E. 47; 7 S. & R. 480; 10 S. & R. 290; 14 S. & 
 
 R. 159, 293; R. 345: 9 W. 56; 5 W. & S. 
 
 478; 8 W. & S. 36; 2 Barr 13, 108, 122; 3 
 
 Barr 21; 5 Barr 410, 457; 7 Barr 297; 11 Barr 
 
 279; 1 H. 270; 6 H. 51, 316, 456; 7 H. 315; 8 
 
 H. 448; 9 H. 228, 367; 12 H. 348; 6 C. 47, 92, 
 
 97, 401; 8 C. 478; 4 Wr. 439; 11 Wr. 115; 14 
 
 Wr. 246; 1 Gr. 253; 6 S. 110, 114; 11 S. 202; 13 
 
 S. 46, 95; 17 S. 366. 
 Where terms and conditions are against public policy, 2 Y. 
 
 109; 11 S. & R. 155, 104; 16 S. & R. 307; 7 W. 
 
 152; 5 W. & S. 315; 6 W. & S. 72; 10 Barr 170; 
 
 1 J. 207; 2 H. 18; 3 H. 312; 12 H. 472; 2 C. 
 
 74; 6 C. 478; 6 Wr. 474; 9 S. 19. 
 When act contracted for is prohibited, 1 B. 110 ; 4 S. & 
 
 R. 151 ; 7 W. & S. 233; 15 S. 496. 
 30. Construction of. 
 
 As to general terms used in, 15 S. & R. 197; 2 W. 267; 
 
 5 W. 34; 3 W. & S. 546; 6 W. & S. 381: 2 P. & 
 
 W. 63, 65; 4 Barr 308; 3 C. 26; 5 0. 308, 354. 
 As to technical words in, 8 S. & R. 533; 3 W. 101; 4 
 
 W. 89; 5 W. 34; 5 Barr 41; 3 C. 26; 8 S. 82. 
 As to " rest and residue," meaning of in, 5 Wr. 80. 
 As to "sell and deliver," meaning of, 1 Y. 328. 
 , As to " stock and materials," meaning of, 5 Wr. 80. 
 As to " expense of carrying out this contract," 13 Wr. 277. 
 As to " sale or return," 2 H. 213. 
 Effect of intention on language used, 4 D. 374; 1 Y. 328, 
 
 .393; 2 Y. 107, 108; 3 Y. 225, 237; 4 Y. 295; 1 
 
 B. 60; 1 Wh. 227; 2 Wh. 204; IW. 35; 5W. 34; 
 
 1 W. &S. 269; 4 W. & S. 177; 5 W. & S. Ill; 
 
 7 Barr 347; 1 J. 250; 11 H. 139; 3 C. 301; 5 C. 
 
 308, 354; 9 C. 186; 2 Wr. 91; 3 Gr. 198; 1 S. 
 
 171; 20 S. 160. 
 When ambiguous, 4 D. 132; 2 Y. 295; 4 R. 130; 3 W. 
 
 240; 5 W. 34; 6 W. & S. 381; 2 H. 171; 3 C. 
 
 26; 6 C. 393; 2 Wr. 576; 8 Wr. 393; 10 Wr. 
 
 243 ; 12 Wr. 73, 491. See Ambiguity. 
 As to contemporaneous construction, 10 S. 247. 
 As to performance of act which is the consideration for 
 
 payment, 20 S. 104, 209. 
 
OONTRACT— CONTKACTOK. 203 
 
 CO'NT'RAGT— continued. 
 
 When time for performance depends on contingency, 11 
 
 S. 343. 
 "When time is material, 4 D. 345, 347; 2 Y. 374; 5 S. 
 
 &E,. 323,427; 11 S. & R. 445,450; 4R. 26; 2 P. & 
 
 W. 264, 454; 3 P. & W. 48; 5 W. 420; 9 W. 49; 
 
 1 W. & S. 301; 5 W. & S. 485; 3 Barr 13; 2 J. 
 
 97; 3 H. 429; 6 H. 91; 7 C. 218, 314; 11 C. 125; 
 
 7 S. 301; 9 S. 469; 11 S. 343, 460; 15 S. 224; 19 
 
 S. 475; 20 S. 204. 
 Effect of lex loci on, 6 Wh. 331; 2 W. & S. 364; 1 Barr 
 
 381; 2 Barr 87; 6 C. 286; 1 Gr. 51; 8 S. 24. 
 Effect of lex fori on, 1 Barr 381 ; 6 C. 286. 
 As to manner of performance, 1 W. & S. 60 ; 2 W. & S. * 
 
 26, 53, 216 ; 6 W. & S. 381 ; 8 W. & S. 367 ; 3 Barr 
 
 51; 4 Barr 39, 43; 10 Barr 483; 3 H. 128, 151; 8 
 
 H. 130; 12 H. 314 ; 7 Wr. 213; 12 Wr. 290, 300 ; 
 
 13 Wr. 88; 2 Gr. 278; 1 S. 171; 4 S. 291; 11 S. 
 
 343; 20 S. 204,209. 
 Not enforced beyond terms, 10 Wr. 268; 13 Wr. 36. 
 
 31. Continuance of, 5 C. 184. 
 
 32. As TO RESERVATIONS IN, 12 S. & R. 198; 13 Wr. 507; 
 
 4 0. 221. 
 
 33. When parties have agreed on arbiter, 11 Wr. 60. 
 
 See Arbitration, V. 1. 
 
 34. Transfer of, 1 D. 268 ; 1 W. & S. 121. 
 
 35. For sale of chattels. See Sale of Personal Pro- 
 
 perty. 
 
 36. For sale of real estate. See Sale of Real Pro- 
 
 perty. 
 
 37. Services. See Age^t; Carrier; Services. 
 
 CONTRACTOR. 
 
 I. Public. 
 
 Personal liability of, 9 W. & S. 121. 
 
 II. Private. 
 
 1. Rights of. 
 
 To production and examination of contract, 12 H. 314. 
 To have work examined, 12 H. 314. 
 To prevent injury to work by other contractors, 12 H. 314. 
 To benefit of Mechanics' Lien Law, 3 C. 516; 12 S. 9; 
 13 S. 191. See Mechanics' Lien. 
 
 2. Duty of. 
 
 As to skill of employees, 1 S. 475. 
 
204 CONTRACTOR— CONTRIBUTION. 
 
 CONTRACTOR— cowimMec?. 
 3. Liability. 
 
 For change or omissions by order of employer, 12 H. 
 
 314. 
 For defects not within his control, 12 H. 314. 
 For conduct of his employees, 1 S. 475. 
 For conduct within his control, 12 H. 814. 
 For injury done by employees, 1 S. 475. 
 
 CONTRIBUTION. 
 
 1. General rule as to, 6 H. 33; 7 S. 187; 16 S. 218. 
 
 2. Between carrier and freighter, 2 S. & R. 229; 4 
 
 Wh. 301; 6H. 33. 
 
 3. Between creditors of insolvent, 2 S. & R. 326; 1 
 
 Barr 277. 
 
 4. Between debtors, 1 C. 112. 
 
 5. Between liens. Act of April 22, 1856, relative to, 
 
 construed, 15 s. 72. 
 
 6. Between devisees, 2 D. 191; 1 Y. 189; 2 Y. 54, 70; 4 
 
 W. & S. 501. 
 
 7. Between counties where recovery is against one on 
 
 liability of both, 16 s. 218. 
 
 8. Between co-obligors, 1 Y. 9, 189; 5 R. 91; 2 P. & W. 
 
 361; 1 Wr. 394; 2 Wr. 176; 6 S. 183. 
 
 9. Between insurers, 4 D. 250, 348, 351, App. xxi. ; 3 B. 
 
 295; 1 J. 515; 1 H. 218. 
 
 10. Between guarantors, 2 S. 525. 
 
 11. Between legatees, 6 W. 85; 4 Barr 497; 10 Barr 387. 
 
 12. Between co-vendees, 6 S. 183. 
 
 13. Between purchasers from heirs for debt op decedent, 
 
 ID. 480, 484; 2 H. 253. 
 
 14. Between wrongdoers, 7 S. 127; 16 S. 218. 
 
 15. Between purchasers of land bound by liens. 4 Barr 
 
 85; IJ. 325; 1 H. 408; 7 Wr. 326; 11 Wr. 363. 
 
 16. Between land owners as to partition fences, 6 H. 369. 
 
 17. On payment of bottomry bonds, 2 Wr. 176. 
 
 18. Between payees of note, 4 C. 233. 
 
 19. Between owners of mill dam, 13 Wr. 234. 
 
 20. Between owners of land subject to lien, 1 W. & S. 
 
 544; 7 Wr. 326; 11 Wr. 363. 
 
 21. Between sureties, 3 B. 126; 1 R. 61. 
 
 22. Between vendors, 1 Y. 189. 
 
CONTRIBUTION— CONVERSION. 205 
 
 CONTRIBUTION— eoMimM^?^ 
 
 23. Between vendees, 10 S. & R. 460; 1 P. & W. 140; 4 
 
 H. 25. 
 
 24. Between officers of corporations on bills and notes, 
 
 10 S. & R. 75. 
 
 25. Between persons intended to be defrauded, 12 S. 23. 
 
 26. Between tenants in common, 4 S. & R. 372, 389; 2 R. 
 
 97 ; 4 R. 420 ; 6 W. 378 ; 1 Barr 356. 
 
 27. Between stockholders under manufacturing laws. 
 
 See Manufactory 6. 
 
 28. Right to, how lost, 10 S. & R. 75; 7 Wr. 326 ; 11 Wr. 
 
 363. 
 
 29. Action for, evidence for plaintiff, 6 S. 183. 
 
 30. Defence to action for, 7 Wr. 326. 
 
 CONTROLLER OF PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 
 
 Power, duty and liability of. See Public Schools. 
 
 CONVENIENT AND NECESSARY. 
 Distinguished, 3 R. 256. 
 
 CONVERSATION. 
 
 Admissibility of in evidence, 11 S. & R. 280; 17 S. & R. 41 ; 
 4 R. 241 ; 2 P. & W. 27 ; 1 W. 385 ; 3 Wh. 40, 45 ; 3 
 W. & S. 127 ; 6 Barr 179 ; 4 H. 205, 226; 5 Wr. 113 ; 
 7 Wr. 191 ; 3 Gr. 186. 
 
 CONVERSION. 
 I. Op real into personal property. 
 
 1. By heirs, 4 Y. 335; 4 H. 417. 
 
 2. By tenants in common, 13 S. & R. 307; 10 Barr 459. 
 
 3. By contract for sale, 11 C. 420. 
 
 4. By plaintiff and defendant on execution, 8 Barr 
 
 207; 10 Barr 198. 
 
 5. Qualified by intention, 6 W. & S. 290. 
 
 6. By conveyance with power, 10 Barr 131. 
 
 7. By guardian, 1 J. 36. 
 
 8. By husband of wife's property, 4 H. 417; 2 S. 195. 
 
 9. By act of law, 8 S. & R. 312 ; 11 S. & R. 224 ; 14 S. 
 
 & R. 185 ; 5 W. 113 ; 6 W. 32 ; 5 Wh. 44, 350 ; 3 W. 
 & S. 314, 450; 9 W. & S. 147; 3 Barr 377; 4 Barr 
 359; 1 J. 374. 
 
206 CONVERSION— CONVEYANCEK. 
 
 CONVERSION— comfomtecZ. 
 
 10. By sale under Act of 1853, 1 Wr. 95; 3 S. 339. 
 
 11. By sale under Act of 1851, 4 S. 388. 
 
 12. By Orphans' Court sale, 1 B. 358; 11 S. & R. 224 ; 
 
 7 W. 563; 4 Barr 359; 8 H. 268; 2 S. 449; 4 8. 
 383. 
 
 13. By accident, 6 C. 185. 
 
 14. By direction in will, 13 S. & R. 333, 372 ; 2 R. 
 
 185, 188, 189; 2 W. 185; 8 W. 247; 9 W. 145; 1 
 Wh. 252, 265 ; 3 Wh. 65; 1 W. & S. 445 ; 3 W. & S. 
 124, 130; 7 Barr 287; 10 Barr 131; IJ. 72 ; 1 H. 
 260; 9 H. 394, 397; 8 C. 455; 1 Wr. 373; 6 Wr. 
 414, 417 ; 9 Wr. 84 ; 11 Wr. 144 ; 1 S. 509 ; 6 S. 
 408 ; 10 S. 404 ; 13 S. 183 ; 14 S. 330. 
 
 15. By second descent, 2 S. 224. 
 
 16. By proceedings in partition. See Partition. 
 
 17. When investments are not equivalent to, 10 S. 
 
 118, 122. 
 
 18. Effect of on descent of proceeds, 11 S. & R. 224; 
 
 13 S. & R. 332 ; 4 Barr 359 ; 7 Barr 315 ; 8 H. 515; 
 1 Wr. 373; 2 Wr. 112; 2 S. 224; 4 S. 283. 
 
 19. Protection of contingent interests on, 2 Wr. 112. 
 
 II. Of estates tail into fee simple, 9 W. 450 ; 1 Wr. 
 
 488; 10 Wr. 274. 
 
 III. Of personal estate into realty, 2 C. 54 ; 1 Wr. 373. 
 
 IV. Of equitable into legal estates, 11 H. 421. See 
 Cestui que trust ; Trustee. 
 
 V. Of trust property, 3 W. & S. 280; 5 H. 97; 10 H. 16; 
 
 12 H. 84; 7 S. 218, 248. 
 
 VI. Of wife's choses in action by husband. See Husband. 
 
 CONVEYANCE. 
 
 1. Fraudulent. See Fraudulent Conveyance. 
 
 2. Absolute and conditional. See Absolute Coxveyaxce. 
 
 3. Of imperfect right, 3 Y. 6, 500; 4 B. 140; 5 B. 355; 
 
 7 W. & S. 174 ; 2 Barr 122. 
 
 4. Of greater estate than grantor owns, 8 D. 489. 
 
 5. Confirmed by Act of Assembly, 2 S. 291. See also, 
 
 Acts of Assembly, 15. 
 
 6. Foreign, proof op, 6 H. 171. 
 
 CONVEYANCER. 
 
 Liability of for negligence, 11 Wr. 344 ; 7 S. 161. 
 
CONVEYED— CORONEK. 207 
 
 CONVEYED. 
 
 Meaning of in reservation of water right, 3 C. 161. 
 
 CONVICT. 
 
 Expense of removing to penitentiary, 7 W. & S. 438. 
 Competency of as a witness, 17 S. 386. 
 
 CONVICTION. 
 
 1. Definition of, 10 W. 332 ; 9 Wr. 372. 
 
 2. Under municipal oudinance, 4 D. 267 ; 1 Y. 31. 
 
 3. Under statute, no bar to suit, 7 Wr. 365. 
 
 4. Record op when evidence, 4 H. 391 ; 8 Wr. 128. 
 
 5. What included in record of, 4 D. 267 ; 3 Y. 475 ; 9 
 
 Wr. 392. 
 
 6. Costs on. 
 
 How affected by pardon, 4 S. & R. 449 ; 2 Wh. 438; 4 
 Barr 144; 7 Wr. 53 ; 9 Wr. 372 ; 10 Wr. 357, 446. 
 
 CO-PARCENERS. 
 
 Partition between, 3 P. & W. 508 ; 5 W. 279 ; 10 W. 136 ; 
 5 H. 85; 5 Wr. 74; 10 Wr. 376; 11 Wr. 345. See 
 also, Partition. 
 
 COPIES. 
 
 Verification of, 16 S. 253. 
 
 Admissibility of in evidence. See Evidence. 
 
 CO-PROMISSOR. 
 Admissions" by, 1 Wr. 458. See Admissions and Declara- 
 tions. 
 
 CORAM VOBIS. 
 Writ of error when proper, 10 C. 195. 
 
 CORNERS. 
 Of land. 
 
 Where lines do not strike marked, 2 H. 59. 
 Proved by admissions of former owners, 9 Wr. 495. 
 
 CORNWALL ESTATE. 
 
 1. Partition of, 11 H. 393; 4 Wr. 45.; 7 Wr. 156. 
 
 2. Right of owners op, 11 H. 393 ; 12 S. 252. 
 
 CORONER. 
 
 1. Selection op, 6 B. 88. 
 
 2. Bond of. 
 
 When evidence, 6 B. 88 ; 11 S. & R. 299. 
 
 3. Recognisance of, 6 B. 88. 
 
208 CORONER— CORPORATION. 
 
 GORO'HE'R—eontmued. 
 
 4. Rights and powers op. 
 
 To employ physician or surgeon in performance of duty, 
 3 Barr 462; 4 Barr 269; 10 C. 301. 
 
 To act within lines of land owned by the United States, 3 
 S. 482. 
 
 To fees for holding inquest, 3 S. 483. 
 
 5. Duties of. 
 
 As to service of process, 11 S. & R. 299. 
 As to post mortem examinations, 3 Barr 462 ; 4 Barr 
 269 ; 11 H. 141 ; 2 C. 156 ; 2 Gr. 262. 
 
 6. Liability of. 
 
 For acting without security, 6 B. 88. 
 
 CORPORATE POWERS. 
 
 1. Control of courts over, 8 W. 316 ; 3 W. & S. 184, 
 
 193; 7 W. & S. 104; 8 W. &,S. 247, 251; 4 Barr 519; 
 10 Barr 274; 5 H. 9 ; 2 Wr. 102 ; 7 Wr. 295 ; 11 Wr. 
 295 ; 18 Wr. 310 ; 3 S. 71 ; 12 S. 428 ; 19 S. 467. 
 
 2. Interpretation of, 7 H. 211; 8 C. 303, 339; 10 Wr. 
 
 112. 
 
 3. Act prohibiting issue of certified checks, orders, 
 
 &c., CONSTRUED, 14 S. 395, 402. 
 
 CORPORATION. 
 
 I. Municipal. See Municipal Corporations. 
 
 II. Public. 
 
 What are, 13 S. & R. 210 ; 8 W. 816 ; 8 W. & S. 27 : 6 
 H. 275; 2 Wr. 361; 6 Wr. 858; 10 Wr. 112; 2 
 S. 506; 10 S. 27. 
 
 III. Private. 
 Charter of. 
 
 1. By special Act of Assembly. See Canals; Rail- 
 
 roads ; Turnpikes, &c. 
 
 2. By court under general law, 3 Wh. 445 ; 2 Wr. 298, 
 
 299; 9 Wr. 410; 2 S. 125; 8 S. 406. 
 
 3. By two states for same purpose, 1 S. 228 ; 6 S. 325. 
 
 4. By Supreme Court, 7 S. & R. 460 ; 8 Wh. 445, 456 : 
 
 6 C. 150, 151, 152, 154, 155; 11 C. 80, 151, 155; 2 
 Wr. 298, 299 ; 2 Gr. 240. 
 
 5. Form of words not material, 3 Gr. 200. 
 
 6. Proof of, 4 R. 9 ; 5 W. & S. 215 ; 9 W. 544 ; 2 Barr 
 
 302 ; 9 C. 858 ; 7 Wr. 19 
 
 7. May be in more than one statute, 7 Wr. 401. 
 
CORPORATION. 209 
 
 GOUFO'RATIOI^— continued. 
 
 8. Acceptance of, 3 W. & S. 45 ; 2 S. 506. 
 
 9. Dates from letters patent, 2 W. & S. 79. 
 
 10. Existence of how put in issue, 16 S. & K. 142 ; 4 R. 
 
 9 ; 1 P. & W. 426 ; 2 W. & S. 190 ; 5 W. & S. 215 ; 
 4 Wr. 157. 
 
 11. Inviolability of, 6 Barr 379 ; 3 C. 359 ; 1 Wr. 340 ; 16 
 
 S. 42. 
 
 12. Not to be assailed collaterally, 16 S. & R. 142; 4 
 
 R. 9 ; 1 P. & W. 426 ; 2 W. & S. 190 ; 4 Wr. 157. 
 
 13. To BE strictly construed, 7 H. 211 ; 12 H. 159 ; 3 C. 
 
 803, 339; 10 Wr. 112; 1 Gr. 36; 6 S. 413; 8 S. 123, 
 183. 
 
 14. Is subordinate to civil rights and usages, 2 J. 318 ; 
 
 16 S. 42. 
 
 15. Implied contract in grant of, 16 S. 42. 
 
 16. Rights of corporation measured by, 3 0. 303, 339. 
 
 17. Construction of, when ambiguous, 7 H. 211 ; 8 C. 
 
 303 ; 10 Wr. 112. 
 
 18. When a contract, 6 Barr 379 ; 3 C. 303 ; 1 Wr. 340. 
 
 19. Present grant in, construed, 3 Wr. 361. 
 
 20. When invalid, 9 Wr. 410 ; 8 S. 399. 
 
 21. Action for fraud in obtaining, 8 S. 399. 
 
 22. On condition, 3 C. 303, 339. 
 
 23. " Land," meaning of in, 6 S. 825. 
 
 24. AcQuisiTON OF, against will of majority of associa- 
 
 tion, 7 S. & R. 460. 
 
 25. Minority of association not entitled to, 7 S. & R. 
 
 460. 
 
 26. Is NOT a " CITIZEN " UNDER THE CONSTITUTION, 1 Gr. 420. 
 
 27. Has no legal existence beyond bounds of power 
 
 which CREATED IT, 1 S. 220; 8 S. 26. 
 
 28. Abandonment op, 6 C. 42, 427 ; 8 C. 22, 25, 42, 257 ; . 
 
 2 Gr. 348; 2 S. 506; 8 S. 43; 12 S. 423; 13 S. 428. 
 
 29. Alteration of. 
 
 Effect of on members, 6 S. & R. 498 ; 7 S. & R. 517 ; 2 
 R. 359 ; 10 W. 364; 3 Wh. 559; 2 W. & S. 156; 3 
 W. & S. 45; 6 Barr 86; 1 H. 133, 288; 9 H. 188; 
 2 C. 287; 8 C. 303; 6 C. 150; 11 C. 80; 12 Wr. 
 29" 5 S. 452 466. 
 
 Who m'ay apply for, 6 S. & R. 498; 7 S. & R. 517; 3 
 W. & S. 45. 
 
 14 
 
210 CORPOKATION. 
 
 GO'RVO'RATlOl!^— continued. 
 
 30. Recitals in, 10 S. & R. 269. 
 
 31. Consolidation of, 7 Wr. 365; 2 Gr. 348; 8 S. 43. 
 
 32. Transfer of, 9 W. & S. 27 ; 6 S. 413 ; 7 S. 417 ; 8 S. 26. 
 
 33. Forfeiture of, 16 S. & R. 140; 4 R. 9 ; 2 W. & S. 
 
 203; 2 H. 177; 8 H. 186; 4 Wr. 167; 8 S. 26, 49; 
 13 S. 127. 
 
 34. Expiration of, 3 Wr. 435. 
 
 35. Repeal of, 2 C. 287; 8 S. 26 
 
 36. Revival op, 6 Barr 379'; 3 C. 369; 1 Wr. 340; 3 Wr. 
 
 435; 16 S. 42. 
 
 37. Enforcement of conditions in, 3 C. 303; 8 S. 26. 
 
 38. Not affected by omission in subscription for stock, 
 
 8 S. & R. 225 ; 16 S. & R. 149 ; 10 W. 366 ; 3 Gr. 200. 
 
 39. Not destroyed by sale of corporation property, 2 
 
 S. 506. 
 
 40. When proof of to be offered on trial. See post, XI. 2. 
 
 II. Organization of, 2 H. 202; 8 0. 185; 9 Wr. 32; 2 S. 
 
 512. 
 
 1. Proof'of names and number of members, 1 Wh. 460 : 
 
 9 Wr. 32 ; 11 S. 202. 
 
 2. Presumption as to citizenship of members, 1 S. 228. 
 
 3. Effect op errors in, 9 Wr. 32 ; 3 Gr. 200. 
 
 4. Liability op persons purchasing property for use 
 
 op contemplated corporation, 11 s. 188, 202. 
 
 5. Right op members to vote, 3 R. 172. 
 
 III. Rights op. 
 
 1. Generally, 7 H. 152, 218; 9 H. 9; 1 Gr. 36; 4 S. 
 
 310 ; 3 C. 303, 339. 
 
 2. To be sued at place op existence, 5 W. 379 ; 5 W. & 
 
 S. 181, 379. 
 
 3. To abandon charter, 6 C. 42, 427 ; 8 C. 22, 25, 42 ; 2 
 
 Gr. 348; 2 S. 506; 8 S. 43; 12 S. 423; 13 S. 428. 
 
 4. To ACCEPT DEVISE, 9 W. 9 ; 12 H. 197 ; 5 Wr. 266. 
 
 5. To CONTRACT IN CORPORATE NAME, 6 S. & R. 12; 16 S. 
 
 & R. 92. 
 
 6. To TAKE CONVEYANCE OP REAL ESTATE, 2 W. & S. 74 : 7 
 
 Barr 233. 
 
 7. To ACT THROUGH OFFICERS, 13 S. 146. 
 
 8. To PLEAD Statute of Limitations, 3 Wr. 92. 
 
 9. To appeal. See Appeal, II. 1. 
 
CORPORATION. 211 
 
 CORPORATION— coHimwec^. 
 
 10. To SUE OUT WRIT OF ERROR WITHOUT SECURITY, 2 B. 
 
 264; 7Barr291. 
 
 11. To LIEN ON STOCK OF MEMBERS, 2 S. 280. See also, 
 
 Banking Company. 
 
 IV. Powers of. 
 
 1. To sub in other states, 8 S. 44. 
 
 2. To sue when chartered by more than one state, 1 
 
 S. 228. 
 
 3. To disfranchise members, 2 B. 441; 6 B. 486; 2 S. 
 
 & R. 141; 2 Wh. 308; 8 W. & S. 247; 3 H. 351; 8 
 H. 425; 14 Wr. 107; 2 S. 125. 
 
 4. To exercise powers conferred by charter, 4 Barr 
 
 520; 1 Gr. 26; 8 S. 182. 
 
 5. To execute mortgage, 6 H. 273; 3 C. 313; 11 Wr. 
 
 255 ; 10 S. 400. 
 
 6. To CONTRACT WITH OR WITHOUT SEAL, 4 S. & R. 16; 4 
 
 R. 163 ; 9 W. 544 ; 2 W. & S. 74 ; 5 Barr 344 ; 13 S. 127. 
 
 7. To CONFESS JUDGMENT, 3 C. 313. 
 
 8. To ENFORCE CALLS FOR ASSESSMENTS, 3 Wh. 198; 2 W. 
 
 & S. 190; 9 H. 222; 4 Wr. 81; 5 Wr. 54; 2 S. 250; 
 4 S. 227 ; 10 S. 126 ; 13 S. 357 ; 18 S. 256. 
 
 9. To compromise for disposal of stock, 6 S. & R. 12. 
 
 10. To employ agents, 4 W. & S. 424; 5 C. 146. 
 
 11. To hold real estate, 2 W. & S. 74 ; 7 Barr 233. 
 
 12. To convey property to creditors, 10 S. 291. 
 
 V. Liability of. 
 
 1. To PRIVATE relator IN SUPREME CoURT, 8 H. 185. 
 
 2. To stockholding creditors, 11 Wr. 43. 
 
 3. To equitable stockholder, 2 Wr. 457. 
 
 4. To BE SUED AT PLACE OF BUSINESS, 5 W. 379; 5 W. k 
 
 S. 181, 379. 
 
 5. To FORFEIT charter, 16 S. & R. 140 ; 4 R. 9 ; 2 W. & 
 
 S. 203; 2 H. 177; 8 H. 185; 4 Wr. 157; 8 S. 26, 
 49; 13 S. 127. 
 
 6. After legal sale of franchise and property, 7 S. 417. 
 
 7. To pass into hands of receiver, 13 Wr. 310. 
 
 8. to account with auditor-general. see auditor- 
 
 General. 
 
 9. On mortgage given by, 3 C. 313. 
 
 10. On judgment against, 3 C. 313. 
 
 11. For interest on loans, 11 AVr. 76. 
 
212 CORPORATION. 
 
 GORVORA'nO'N— continued. 
 
 12. For acts and declarations of officers, 11 S. & R. 
 
 179; 5 W. 39; 5 W. & S. 548; 4 Barr 185; 5 Wr. 
 54; 6 Wr. 305; 9 Wr. 386; 10 Wr. 112; 1 Gr. 36; 
 13 S. 146, 381; 18 S. 146. 
 
 13. To OFFICERS FOR SERVICES, 3 R. 172; 13 Wr. 118. 
 
 14. On implied contract, 2 W. & S. 74; 13 Wr. 118. 
 
 15. To action of assumpsit, 3 D. 496, 500; 2 B. 201; 3 
 
 S. & R. 117; 2 W. & S. 74; 7 W. & S. 317; 12 H. 
 193; 8 Wr. 303,484; 9 S. 209. 
 
 16. To action of trespass, 2 B. 201; 4 S. & R. 6. 
 
 17. To action on the case for tort, 4 S. & R. 6; 15 S. 
 
 & R. 173; 4 R. 10; 11 C. 298; 3 Wr. 257; 6 Wr. 
 365; 10 Wr. 112, 212; 11 Wr. 241; 13 S. 290. 
 
 18. To ACTION OF covenant, 6 S. & R. 12; 1 C. 303. 
 
 19. To MANDAMUS, 6 S. & R. 508; 8 W. & S. 365. 
 
 20. To EXECUTION, 13 S. & R. 210; 8 W. 316; 9 W. & S. 
 
 27; 3 Wr. 377; 3 Gr. 81; IS. 394; 6 S. 198, 202; 
 8 S. 404; 10 S. 27; 20 S. 355. 
 
 21. To ATTACHMENT EXECUTION, 4 Barr 490; 1 Gr. 457. 
 
 22. To BILL OF DISCOVERY, 10 Barr 174; 1 S. 400. 
 
 23. To ACTION UNDER AcT OF March 20, 1817, 5 S. & R. 517. 
 
 24. To INJUNCTION. See Injunction. 
 
 . 25. To taxation, 4 B. 249; 8 W. 289; 3 Wr. 251; 6 Wr. 
 424; 14 Wr. 399; 2 S. 140, 177; 5 S. 452; 9 S. 104; 
 
 12 S. 286; 16 S. 63; 19 S. 140, 151. See Taxation. 
 
 26. To ORDERS AND DECREES IN EQUITY, 3 W. & S. 193; 7 
 
 W. & S. 104; 10 Barr 274; 2 Wr. 102; 11 Wr. 295; 
 
 13 Wr. 310; 12 S. 428; 19 S. 467. 
 
 27. To GIVE SECURITY ON APPEAL, 9 S. & R. 227 ; 13 S. & 
 
 R. 431; 4 W. & S. 461. 
 
 28. To INDICTMENT FOR NUISANCE, 2 Wr. 57 ; 10 S. 367. 
 
 29. To SEQUESTRATION, 9 W. & S. 27 ; 8 C. 257: 12 C. 202; 
 
 10 S. 27. 
 
 VI. BUTY OF. 
 
 To employees, 13 S. 146. 
 
 VII. Stock of. See Stock. 
 
 VIII. Power of courts over, 8 W. 316 ; 3 W. & S. 184, 
 193; 7 W. & S. 104; 8 W. & S. 247, 251; 4 Barr 519; 
 10 Barr 274; 5 H. 9; 2 Wr. 102; 7 Wr. 295; 11 Wr. 
 295 ; 13 Wr. 310 ; 3 S. 71 ; 12 S. 428 ; 19 S. 467. 
 
 IX. Notice to. See Notice. 
 
 X. Devise to, 12 H. 197 ; 5 Wr. 266 ; 9 Wr. 9. 
 
CORPORATIOxNf. 213 
 
 COKPOUATIOl^— continued. 
 
 XI. Action by. 
 
 1. As TO NAME OF PLAINTIFF IX, 16 S. & R. 92 ; 3 Wll. 
 
 81 ; 1 Wr. 210. 
 
 2. When proof of charter is necessary, 4 D. 415 ; 4 
 
 R. 9; 9 W. 544; 5 W. & S. 181, 214, 215; 2 Barr 
 302 ; 9 C. 358 ; 7 Wr. 19. 
 
 XII. Action against. 
 
 1. By corporator, 16 S. & R. 142. 
 
 2. By creditor. See ante, V. 20. 
 
 3. By officer, 3 R. 172; 13 Wr. 118. 
 
 4. Service of writ in, 5 W. & S. 379, 381; 8 Wr. 422. 
 
 5. Form of declaration, 4 S. & R. 6. See also, Decla- 
 
 ration. 
 
 6. Error in organization, no defence to, 9 Wr. 32. 
 
 7. How affected by consolidation of corporations, 2 
 
 Gr. 348. 
 
 8. Power of private suitor against, 3 Wr. 337 ; 11 Wr. 
 
 465 ; 6 S. 198. 
 
 XIII. Seal of corporation. 
 
 When evidence, 6 S. & R. 12 ; 7 S. & R. 313 ; 1 C. 303 ; 
 
 4 Wr. 458 ; 3 Gr. 225. 
 Effect of on mortgage, 6 H. 273. 
 
 XIV. Books of. 
 
 When evidence, 2 Y. 120 ; 3 S. & R. 29 ; 3 Wh. 81 ; 4 
 W. & S. 393 ; 4 Barr 35 ; 7 C. 489 ; 11 C. 403 ; 12 
 Wr. 29 ; 1 S. 402 ; 8 S. 443 ; 9 S. 365. 
 
 XV. Assignment by, 8 Wr. 92; 10 S. 125, 131, 132. 
 
 XVI. Dissolution of. See ante. III. 3. 
 
 1. Power of court as to, 3 S. 71. 
 
 2. Right of members on, 4 Wr. 432 ; 8 Wr. 535 ; 6 C. 42. 
 
 3. Effect of on suits, 4 R. 9 ; 3 W. 46 ; 2 Gr. 348. 
 
 4. Not affected by insolvency, 10 S. 125. 
 
 5. Duty of secretary of state on, 3 S. 91. 
 
 6. Not a corporate act, 6 C. 42. 
 
 CORPORATION AGENTS AND OFFICERS. 
 
 I. Proof of official character, 4 W. & S. 424 ; 5 C. 14(j- 
 
 II. Omission to appoint, effect of, 3 W. 46. 
 
 III. Rights of. 
 
 1. To sue on note as agent for corporation, 4 Wh. 490. 
 
214 CORPORATION AGENTS AND OFFICERS 
 
 CORPORATION AGENTS AND OFYLCERS— continued. 
 
 2. To SET-OrF IN SUIT BY CORPORATION, 1 R. 330. 
 
 3. To COMPENSATION, 3 R. 172; 1 G. 337; 5 G. 534; 13 
 
 Wr. 118. 
 
 4. To TESTIFY, 4 D. 435. 
 
 IV. Duties of. 
 
 Towards principal, 10 H. 320 ; 2 Gr. 125. 
 
 V. Power and authority of. 
 
 1. To BIND principal IN CONTRACT, 4 S. & R. 317 ; 11 S. 
 
 6 R. 179, 267, 411 ; 4 R. 9; 4 Barr 185 ; 1 H. 13 ; 2 
 H. 81 ; 1 Or. 329; 4 S. 380; 11 S. 202; 13 S. 146, 
 381, 386; 18 S. 256. 
 
 2. To appeal for principal, 4 S. & R. 317. 
 
 3. To purchase claims against corporation, 2 Gr. 125. 
 
 VI. Duties of. 
 
 As to interest of corporation, 11 S. 202. 
 "VII. Personal liability of. 
 
 1. Generally, 2 D. 223; 1 Y. 402; 2 B. 201 ; 7 S. & R. 
 
 313; 11 S. & R. 126 : 12 S. & R. 389 ; 1 R. .330 ; 11 
 C. 298 ; 10 Wr. 213 ; 1 Gr. 329 ; 2 Gr. 125 ; 15 S. 
 254, 259. 
 
 2. For fraud, 11 S. 202.' 
 
 3. For taxes, 16 S. 73. 
 
 4. Recovery against not evidence against corporation, 
 
 7 Barr 233. 
 
 5. Liability of sureties of, 9 S. 350. 
 
 CORPORATION BOOKS. 
 
 Admissibility of in evidence, 2 Y. 120; 3 S. & R. 29; 3 Wh. 
 
 81 ; 4 W. & S. 393 ; 4 Barr 185 ; 7 C. 489; 11 C. 463 ; 
 
 12 Wr. 29 ; IS. 402 ; 8 S. 443 ; 9 S. 365. 
 Manner of keeping, 3 S. & R. 29. 
 Proof of, 9 S. 365. 
 
 CORPORATION LOANS. 
 
 Right of holder, 3 C. 413 ; 11 Wr. 76. 
 
 Improper transfer of by president of corporation, 5 C. 154, 
 160. 
 
 CORPORATION RECEIVER. 
 
 Judgment in suit against. See Receiver. 
 
 CORPORATOR. 
 I. Rights of. 
 
 1. To testify, 1 Y. 480. 
 
CORPORATOK— CO-SUKETY. 215 
 
 CORVOUATOE— continued. 
 
 2. To SERVE ON JDET, 1 Y. 480. 
 
 3. To SUE CORPORATION, 16 S. & R. 142. 
 
 4. To BE DEBTOR OR CREDITOR OE CORPORATION, 1 W. 385. 
 
 5. On DISSOLUTION OP CORPORATION, 4 Wr. 432 ; 8 Wr. 
 
 535; 6 0.42. 
 To be heard before expulsion, 2 B. 441; 5 B. 486 ; 2 S. 
 
 & R. 141 ; 2 Wh. 308 ; 8 W. & S. 247 ; 3 H. 251 ; 
 
 8 H. 425 ; 14 Wr. 102 ; 2 S. 125. 
 To sue out mandamus, 3 H. 251. 
 After abuse of franchise by corporation, 2 0. 287. 
 After expulsion, 3 Barr 282; 3 H. 251. 
 
 II. Notice to non-resident, 11 S. 488. 
 
 III. Personal liability of. 
 
 To disfranchisement, 2 B. 441 ; 5 B. 486 ; 2 S. & R. 
 
 441 ; 2 Wh. 308 ; 8 W. & S. 247 ; 3 H. 251 ; 8 H. 
 
 425;14 Wr. 107; 2 S. 125. 
 To attachment, 15 S. & R. 173. 
 
 Inferred from acts and declarations of, 5 Wr. 54 ; 12 Wr. 29. 
 For share of expenses, 3 Wh. 198. 
 For instalments of stock, 3 Wh. 198 ; 2 W. & S. 190 ; 9 
 
 H. 222 ; 2 Wr. 81 ; 5 Wr. 54 ; 2 S. 250 ; 4 S. 227 ; 
 
 10 te. 124; 13 S. 317; 18 S. 256. 
 How avoided, 7 Wr. 424. 
 
 IV. Notice to, not notice to corporation, 4 W. & S. 394. 
 
 V. Equity jurisdiction over election or amotion of, 7 
 
 W. & S. 104. 
 
 CORPOREAL OATHS. 
 Defined, 3 Y. 412. 
 
 CO-OBLIGOR. 
 I. Rights. 
 
 To discharge, 4 D. 275; 2 Y. 538; 4 Y. 517; 2 S. & R. 
 
 280; 14 S. & R. 424; 1 R. 391; 5 R. 91; 1 W. 
 
 126; 5 W. 332; 2 P. & W. 63; 3 P. & W. 57, 405. 
 
 See also, Joint Obligors. 
 
 IL Liability, 2 D. 115; 4 Y. 578; 7 S. & R. 254; 10 S. 
 
 & R. 290 ; 5 Wh. 563 ; 6 Wh. 268 ; 2 W. 40, 204 ; 5 W. 
 
 332; 8 W. & S. 448; 1 C. 81; 7 G. 228; 3 Or. 52. See 
 
 also, Joint Obligors. 
 
 CO-SURETY. 
 
 1. Rights of. 
 
 To discharge by act of party, 10 Barr 401. 
 
 2. To subrogation. See Subrogation. 
 
 3. Liability of. See Surety. 
 
216 COERESPONDENCE— COSTS. 
 
 CORRESPONDENCE. See Written Evidence. 
 COSTS. 
 
 I. Distinguished from pees, 11 S. & R. 247. 
 
 II. In civil cases. 
 
 1. Costs of suit, meaning'of, 14 S. & R. 345. 
 
 2. Exemption from, 6 S. & R. 34; 3 H. 87. 
 
 3. General rules as to, 1 Barr 214; 2 J. 201; 10 H. 
 
 358. 
 
 4. What is included in, 1 D. 310; 3 D. 338, 396; 3 Y. 
 
 558; 3 B. 414; 6 W. 331; 1 Wh. 275; 3 Wli. 355; 
 10 Wr. 233. 
 
 5. Double, 1 D. 457; 2 D. 184; 3 B. 414. 
 
 6. Treble costs, 2 R. 201; 4 H. 254. 
 
 7. Full costs, 1 Y. 1; 4 Y. 427; 3 B. 321; 14 S. & R. 
 
 345; 2 P. & W. 137; 4 H. 254; 10 H. 298. 
 
 8. On general verdict, 7 W. & S. 313; 10 Barr 180. 
 
 9. When part of plaintiff's bill, 3 Barr 423. 
 
 10. Counsel fee is not, 3 D. 337, 396. 
 
 11. Power of arbitrators over, 2 D. 157; 1 Y. 252; 4 
 
 Y. 282; 1 B. 61; 2 B. 587; 3 B. 321; 4 B. 12; 2 
 S. & R. 534, 550 ; 6 S. & R. 85 ; 13 S. & R. 71, 198, 
 280; 16 S. & R. 135; 4 R. 299. See Arbitra- 
 tors. 
 
 12. Power of court over, ID. 63; 4 D. 3-38; 3 Y. 558; 
 
 4 B. 5; 2 P. & W. 292; 5 Barr 261: 7 H. 477; 11 
 H. 184; 1 Gr. 171. 
 
 13. Power of jury over, 3 B. 321; 1 S. & R.416, 511; 6 
 
 S. &R. 34; 7 W. 485; 2 C. 171.' 
 
 14. Lien of, 2 R. 180 ; 5 W. 449. 
 
 15. Where suit is brought in Common Pleas without 
 
 affidavit, 1 D. 63, 308, 417, 457 ; 2 D. 75 ; 1 S. & 
 R. 416; 2 S. & R. 388, 489, 531; 3 S. & R. 389; 6 
 S. & R. 127; 16 S. & R. 253; 1 W. 39; 3 W. 265; 
 6 Wh. 94; 1 W. & S. 57; 9 W. & S. 66; 4 Barr 330; 
 9 H. 450; 11 H. 184; 9 C. 378, 379; 12 Wr. 22; 3 
 S. 93. 
 
 16. Where cause of action has been oppressively sepa- 
 
 rated, 7 W. & S. 434. 
 
 17. Where witnesses are subpoenaed in more than one 
 
 case, 6 W. 331. 
 
 18. How affected by repeal of statute, 1 S. & R. 133; 
 
 16 S. k R. 121. 
 
COSTS. 217 
 
 COSTS— continued. 
 
 19. How AFFECTED BY PLEA OF TENDER, 10 S. & R. 207 ; 
 
 6 W. 264; 4 Wh. 78; 10 H. 492; 3 Wr. Ill; 16 S. 
 158, 159. 
 
 20. Certificate of judge relative to, 1 D. 63. 
 
 21. When neither party entitled to, 2 W. & S. 36. 
 
 22. Where by agreement one suit settles several, 15 
 
 S. & R. 21 ; 6 W. 836. 
 
 23. Where debt is paid after suit, 9 Barr 214. 
 
 24. Payment of. 
 
 EiFect of on application of Statute of Limitations, 1 C.'391. 
 Stay of further proceedings until, 1 Y. 502; 4 Barr 476; 
 2 J. 246. 
 
 25. Security for. 
 
 Rule for, 1 D. 179; 2 D. 179; 1 Y. 172, 176; 11 S. & 
 
 R. 121; 2 W. & S. 454. 
 Form of, 6 W. 191. 
 
 26. Detention of by order of party, 1 Barr 388. 
 
 27. Liability of party for use, 1 B. 496. 
 
 28. Effect op verdict for damages on, 2 H. 357, 359. 
 
 29. Taxation of, 5 W. 449; 2 J. 253; 1 Gr. 171. 
 
 30. Interest on, 9 S. & R. 388; 3 C. 525. 
 
 31. Collection of. 
 
 By officers in name of plaintiff, 3 Barr 423. 
 
 By action of assumpsit, 12 C. 447. 
 
 By execution, 3 C. 202; 4 C. 172. 
 
 Execution for illegal, reversed on error, 1 R. 144. 
 
 When omitted in bill, 5 S. & R. 234. 
 
 32. Mispayment of, 4 C. 172. 
 
 33. Action to recover back, 3 W. 265; 5 W. 449. 
 
 34. Refunding, 1 B. 125; 5 B. 204; 2 W. 133; 8 W. & 
 
 S. 379. 
 
 III. In criminal cases. 
 
 1. On information, 1 Y. 206. 
 
 2. "Of prosecution" distinguished from "costs," 12 
 
 C. 319 ; 9 Wr. 372 ; 10 Wr. 446. 
 
 3. On indictment. 
 
 For duelling, 4 S. & R. 127. 
 For forcible entry, 4 B. 194; 1 W. & S. 259. 
 Where defendant has been acquitted, 10 S. & R. 301 ; 6 
 W. 530. 
 
218 COSTS— COUNTY. 
 
 GOS>TS— continued. 
 
 Where defendant has been convicted, 9 Wr. 372 ; 10 Wr. 
 
 446. 
 Where indictment has been quashed, 2 C. 171. 
 
 4. Power of court over, 12 C. 317. 
 
 5. Power of jury over, 7 W. 485; 2 C. 171. 
 
 6. Liability of county for, 2 S. & R. 290 ; 4 S. & R. 
 
 541 ; 5 S. & R. 199 ; 12 S. & R. 94 ; 3 R. 487 ; 3 P. 
 & W. 365; 6 W. 16; 7 W. 485; 6 H. 493; 2 C. 154; 
 10 0. 440 ; 12 C. 317. 
 
 7. Effect of pardon on, 4 S. & R. 448; 2 Wh. 438; 4 
 
 Barr 144 ; 7 Wr. 53 ; 9 Wr. 372 ; 10 Wr. 357, 446. 
 
 8. Party not released from by insolvent bond, 3 W. 
 
 384; 10 Wr. 446. 
 
 9. Verdict against defendant for, proof of probable 
 
 cause, 2 Gr. 273. 
 
 COTTON. 
 
 Custom as to purchase of, in Philadelphia, 3 R. 101. 
 
 COUNCILMEN. . See Municipal Corporations. 
 
 COUNSEL. See Attorney at Law. 
 
 COUNSEL FEE. 
 
 Executor entitled to credit for, 5 Wr. 45. 
 
 COUNT. See Declaration; Indictment. 
 
 COUNTER BOND. 
 Forfeiture of, 1 Y. 443. 
 
 COUNTER DEPOSITIONS. 
 On rule to show cause, 4 Y. 443. 
 
 COUNTERFEIT BANK NOTES. 
 
 1. Publishing, indictable, 2 B. 332; 4 B. 118, 416; 12 S. 
 
 & R. 237. 
 
 2. Form of indictment, 2 B. 332. 
 
 3. Proof of, 3 P. & W. 494. 
 
 4. Punishment for, 2 S. & R. 551 ; 4 Barr 210. 
 
 5. Validity of payment in, 3 Barr 330; 14 Wr. 212. 
 
 6. Neglect in returning, 13 S. & R. 280 ; 14 S. & R. 51. 
 
 COUNTY. 
 I. Right of. 
 
 1. To APPEAL without COSTS, 6 W. & S. 16. 
 
 2. To APPEAL TO Supreme Court by commissioners, 7 S. 
 
 452. 
 
 8. To SPACE IN COUNTY TOWN FOR COURT HOUSE, 3 Barr 202. 
 
COUNTY. 219 
 
 COUl^flY— continued. 
 
 4. To PLEAD Statute of Limitations, 5 C. 38. 
 
 5. To SUBSCRIBE FOR RAILROAD STOCK, 9 H. 147, 188, 189; 
 
 3 C. 389; 12 C. 263; 13 S. 126. 
 
 6. To RESCIND SUBSCRIPTION FOR VIOLATION OF CONDITION 
 
 AS TO SALE OF BONDS, 17 S. 87. 
 
 7. To LEGISLATE, 5 Wr. 269. 
 
 8. To SUE treasurer's SURETIES FOR STATE TAX PAID, 
 
 5 S. 485. 
 II. Liability of. 
 
 1. For OFFICERS fees, 1 S. & R. 105; 2 R. 106; 4 C. 
 
 113; 5 C. 38. 
 
 2. For default of county treasurer, 11 Wr. 162. 
 
 3. For expense of boarding jury, 7 W. 290. 
 
 4. On contracts made by commissioners, 16 S. 202. 
 
 5. On cost of public buildings, 5 W. & S. 181. 
 
 6. To contribution with adjoining county, 16 S. 218. 
 
 7. To mechanics' lien, 7 W. & S. 197. 
 
 8. For acts of mob, 8 W. & S. 189; 2 Barr 230, 231; 3 
 
 Barr 465; 5 Barr 204; 10 Barr 45. 
 
 9. For physician's fees, 7 W. 290; 3 Barr 465; 4 Barr 
 
 462; 2 C. 156; 10 0. 301. 
 
 10. For election advertisements, 1 J. 147. 
 
 11. For advertising trial list, 3 Gr. 66. 
 
 12. For expense of post mortem examination, 3 Barr 
 
 462; 4 Barr 269; 11 H. 141; 2 0. 156; 10 C. 301. 
 
 13. Foe interest, 4 S. & R. 125. 
 
 14. For bonds issued to corporation, 7 "Wr. 391, 400. 
 To mandamus, 1 Y. 46, 155; 4 S. & R. 443. 
 
 15. To furnish sheriff with a residence, 4 H. 458. 
 
 16. For support of lunatic, 11 Wr. 509. 
 
 17. To furnish fuel for prison, 2 H. 198. 
 
 18. For state tax under Act of 1844, 12 0. 524. 
 
 19. To township for tax on unseated land, 11 Wr. 
 
 162. 
 
 20. To action for use and occupation, 4 H. 458. 
 
 21. To action on quantum meruit, 5 W. & S. 181. 
 
 22. to action on contract for extra work, 12 wr. 527. 
 
 23. Where to be sued, 5 W. & S. 181. 
 
 24. In what name, 7 W. & S. 197. 
 
220 COUNTY— COUNTY TREASUKER. 
 
 COJJ'RTY— continued. 
 
 25. Service of writ on, 6 Wh. 6Q ; 2 Wr. 300. 
 
 26. For costs, 2 S. & R. 291; 4 S. & R. 541; 5 S. & R. 
 
 199 ; 12 S. & R. 94: 3 R. 487; 3 P. & AV. 365; 6 
 W. 16; 7 W. 485; 6 H. 493; 2 C. 154; 10 G. 440; 
 12 C. 349. 
 
 27. To EXECOTioN, 7 W. & S. 197. 
 
 28. Of adjoining counties for subscription under Act 
 
 OF Assembly for stock of same railroad, 17 S. 50. 
 III. Division of. 
 
 1. When lines are on summit of mountain, 3 W. & S. 
 
 379. 
 
 2. Effect of on commission of justice, 4 Y. 399. 
 
 3. Effect of on mechanics' lien, 1 Gr. 160. 
 
 4. Effect of on jurisdiction of courts, 2 J. 333. 
 
 5. Effect of on sheriff's sales of real estate, 1 S. & 
 
 R. 63, 126; 1 Barr 182, 185. 
 
 6. Effect of on lien of judgment, 5 W. 87; 8 Barr 182, 
 
 185. 
 
 7. Effect of on acknowledgment of deeds before jus- 
 
 tice, 2 S. & R. 455. 
 
 8. Recording of deeds in new county, 1 C. 323. 
 
 COUNTY BUILDINGS. 
 
 Authority to erect, when and in whom vested, 7 S. 452. 
 
 COUNTY BRIDGES. See Bridges. 
 
 COUNTY COMMISSIONERS. See Commissioners. 
 
 COUNTY ORDER. 
 
 Not bills of exchange, 1 Barr 154. 
 
 Interest on, 4 S. & R. 125; 14 Wr. 351; 7 H. 200. 
 
 COUNTY PROPERTY. 
 Taxation of, 4 S. & R. 334. 
 
 COUNTY SEAT. 
 
 Power of legislature to change, 3 S. 391. 
 
 COUNTY TAXES. 
 
 1. Collection of, 4 R. 8. 
 
 2. Liability of private corporation for, 3 Wr. 251. 
 
 3. Limit as to, 4 Wr. 348. 
 
 COUNTY TREASURER. 
 
 I. Oaths of, 7 S. & R. 386; 2 R. 139. 
 
COUNTY TREASURER— COURT HOUSE. 221 
 
 COUNTY TREASURER— confrnwei. 
 
 II. Bond of, 1 Barr 159 ; 10 Wr. 205, 452 ; 12 Wr. 66. 
 
 Levy under warrant of, 1 W. 800. 
 
 III. Powers and duties of. 
 
 To apportion road taxes, 1 R. 48. 
 
 To collect tax by suit, 4 B. 80. 
 
 To sell unseated land for taxes. See Unseated Land. 
 
 Voluntary payments to, 2 R. 139. 
 
 IV." Orders of. 
 
 Interest on, 4 S. & R. 125; 7 H. 200; 14 Wr. 351. 
 Not a bill of exchange, 1 Barr 154. 
 Not a satisfaction of debt, 14 Wr. 351. 
 
 V. Accounts of. 
 
 1. When to be filed, 14 S. & R. 216. 
 
 2. Settlement of, 2 R. 40; 3 W. & S. 435; 9 II. 385. 
 
 3. Appeal by, from report of auditor, 2 P. & W. 430; 
 
 9H. 385; 12 H. 305. 
 
 VI. Liability of. 
 
 1. For interest, 4 D. 286 ; 6 B. 266 ; 1 S. & R. 179 ; 9 
 
 S. & R. 422 ; 6 Barr 290 ; 5 H. 14 ; 9 H. 385. 
 
 2. As TO TIME OF PAYMENT TO COMMONWEALTH, 9 H. 385. 
 
 3. To LIEN FOR BALANCE DUE COUNTY, 3 Gr. 38. 
 
 4. To LIEN IN FAVOR OP COMMONWEALTH, 10 Wr. 277. 
 
 VII. Books of. 
 
 Admissibility of in evidence, 4 H. 232. 
 
 VIII. Sureties of. 
 
 Liability of to county for state tax paid, 5 S. 485. 
 
 IX. Compensation or, 2 R. 40. 
 
 COUPONS. 
 
 1. Right of holder of, 7 Barr 475; 4 S. 94, 127. 
 
 2. Interest on, 6 Wr. 63 ; 4 S. 94. 
 
 3. Power of former holder to invalidate, 9 C. 239. 
 
 4. When payable, 4 S. 127. 
 
 5. Duty of holder as to demand, 4 S. 127. 
 
 COURSES AND DISTANCES. 
 
 1. Controlled by natural boundaries; See Boundary. 
 
 2. Valid in absence of marks on the ground, 5 S. 276. 
 
 COURT HOUSE. 
 
 1. Site of, in county town, 10 S. & R. 214; 3 Barr 202. 
 
 2. Power of county commissioners over, 6 S. & R. 166 ; 
 
 3 Barr 203 ; 7 S. 452. 
 
 3. Not subject to Mechanics' Lien Law, 7 W. & S. 197. 
 
222 COURTS. 
 
 COURTS. 
 
 I. Dbfacto. 
 
 1. Recognition of, 4 B. 371. 
 
 2. Presumption in favor of, 4 Y. 373, 419, 436 ; 2 B. 
 
 250 ; 4 B. 97, 174 ; 13 S. & R. 9 ; 14 S. & R. 220 ; 4 
 W. 43; 5 W. 305. 307, 418: 2 W. & S. 303; 10 H. 
 163; 12 H. 193, 289; 1 C. 9, 231; 5 C. 522. 
 
 3. Power of legislature over, 8 S. 226. 
 
 II. Civil. 
 
 1. Powers of under state and federal constitutions, 
 
 3 Gr. 406 ; 7 S. 274. 
 
 2. To set statute aside for fraud, 9 C. 278. 
 
 3. Deals with "rights," not with local or public 
 
 policy, 7 S. 274. 
 
 4. To enforce legislative pledge of public faith, 9 C. 
 
 278. 
 
 5. To ENFORCE SPECIAL LEGISLATION, 8 H. 366, 399. 
 
 6. To DECLARE STATUTES UNCONSTITUTIONAL. See ACTS 
 
 OF Assembly, 29. 
 
 7. To QUASH WRITS, 2 Wr. 34. 
 
 8. To decide as to jurisdiction. See Jurisdiction. 
 
 9. To ADMIT OR reject TESTIMONY, 3 B. 103, 539 ; 2 H. 
 
 276. See Evidence. 
 
 10. To STRIKE OUT ILLEGAL TESTIMONY. See EVIDENCE. 
 
 11., To DISMISS ACTION, 4 Wr. 364; 9 Wr. 349. 
 
 12. To MAKE AND CONSTRUE RULES OF PRACTICE, 3 D. 120, 
 
 356, 360, 377; 3 Y. 194; 4 Y. 361; 3 B. 277, 414, 
 417; 3 S. & R. 250; 8 S. & R. 168, 356; 6 Wh. 166, 
 359; 7 W. 64; 5Barr 189; 1 H. 541; 3 H. 118 ; 1 S. 
 16, 71; 7 S. 291; 9 S. 381; 13 S. 178. 
 
 13. Violation of rules corrected on error, 5 Barr 217 ; 
 
 9 Barr 53, 275; 11 Wr. 156; 18 S. 318. 
 
 14. Over attorneys at law, 5 R. 191; 5 ^N. & S. 272 ; 1 
 
 Gr. 453 ; 17 S. 169. 
 
 15. To adjourn, 2 Y. 209 ; 9 W. 200; 12 H. 114. 
 
 16. Over the records of the court, 2 Wh. 468 ; 6 W. 
 
 511; 8 W. 135, 136, 160; 1 Barr 320; 2 H. 342; 2 
 Gr. 411. 
 
 17. Over ex-sheriff, 12 Wr. 328. 
 
 18. Over verdict. See Verdict. 
 
 19. Over jury, 6 S. & R. 577 ; 4 W. 357; 1 C. 349. 
 
COURTS— COVENANT. 223 
 
 COVRTS— continued. 
 
 20. Over judgment. 
 
 Entry of nunc pro tunc, 1 B. 172; 5 W. 104; 6 S. & R. 
 
 126; 14 Wr. 465; 3 S. 343. 
 Entry of non obstante veredicto, 1 C. 314, 316; 12 Wr. 
 
 291 ; 9 S. 64, 439 ; 11 S. 135, 136 ; 14 S. 290; 17 
 
 S. 9; 19S. 210. 
 Altering of, 2 S. & R. 142; 1 P. & W. 460 ; 3 W. & S. 
 
 372; 6 W. & S. 213; 6H. 148. 
 Amending. See Amendment 15. 
 Opening of See Judgment. 
 Setting aside of. See Judgment. 
 Striking off transcript of, 12 S. & R. 72 ; 7 H. 495, 497 ; 
 
 2 S. 431. 
 
 21. To construe written testimony, 3 B. 329, 377, 444, 
 
 539; 1 S. & R. 176; 4 S. & R. 279; 5 S. & R. 427, 
 472 ; 7 S. & R. 147, 372 ; 8 S. & R. 381 ; 12 S. & R. 
 131; 14 S. & R. 311 ; 15 S. & R. 86, 100 ; 16 S. & 
 R. 92; 1 P. & W. 125, 383; 2 W. 347 ; 4 W. 32, 49, 
 253 ; 5 W. 32, 49 ; 1 W. & S. 147 ; 8 W. & S. 11 ; 3 
 ■ Barr 254; 6 Barr 46; 2 H. 205; 3 H. 351; 6 H. 251; 
 9 H. 507; 11 H. 65; 3 C. 26; 5 C. 50; 7 C. 252; 
 12 Wr. 130 ; 3 Gr. 234, 241, 264 ; 2 S. 456. 
 
 22. To construe statutes. See Acts of Assembly. 
 
 23. Over execution. See Execution. 
 
 24. Over money in court. See Sheriff's Sale. 
 
 25. To instruct jury as to law of the case before them, 
 
 3 W. & S. 554; 3 Wh. 143. See Charge of Court. 
 
 26. To enter plea for defendant, 3 W. & S. 470 ; 8 Wr. 466. 
 
 27. Where case is out on arbitration, 4 S. & R. 135. 
 
 28. In equity. See Equity. 
 
 29. To award issue. See Feigned Issue. 
 
 COUSINS. 
 Descent to, 3 W. & S. 353 ; 5 C. 118 ; 4 Wr. 114. See Descent. 
 
 COVENANT. 
 
 1. Nature of, discussed, 4 Wh. 71 ; 3 W. 63 ; 9 W. 15. 
 
 2. Collateral, 1 R. 161. 
 
 3. Joint and several, 2 B. 136, 138. 
 
 4. Independent, 5 B. 385; 6 B. 159; 11 S. & R. 201, 441; 
 
 4 R. 26 ; 6 Wh. 169; 3 W. & S. 300 ; 4 W. & S. 527 ; 
 6 W. & S. 45; 7 H. 23; 18 S. 314. 
 
 5. Implied, 3 W. 60; 13 Wr. 13; 1 Gr. 307; 6 S. 103. 
 
&R. 
 
 268; 
 
 lis. 
 
 5 W 
 
 .460; 
 
 2 W. 
 
 4 W, 
 
 , k S. 
 
 527; 
 
 &S. 
 
 29; 7 
 
 Barr 
 
 3Gr. 
 
 241; 
 
 17 S. 
 
 224 COVENANT. 
 
 GOYE'NA^T— continued. 
 
 6. Mutual and dependent, 1 Y. 79; 8 S. 
 
 & R. 201, 445; 4 R. 26; 3 W. 331; 
 & S. 46, 227, 416 ; 3 W. & S. 300 ; 
 6 W. & S. 439; 7 W. & S. 318; 9 W. 
 332; 7 H. 23; 10 H. 215; 9 C. 192; 
 24; 18 S. 314. 
 
 7. For benefit of third party, 3 W. 60. 
 
 8. Parol, modification op, 2 W. 46,447,451; 5 W.460; 5 
 
 Wh. 85; 2 W. & S. 46, 218, 451; 6 W. & S. 436, 439; 
 
 4 Barr 166; 6 H. 74; 10 b. 454; 12 H. 283; 3C. 430; 
 
 5 0. 83. 
 
 9. Merger of, 1 R. 385; 8 C. 18 ; 7 Wr. 458. 
 
 10. Parol waiver of performance of, 2 W. & S. 46, 416 ; 6 
 
 W. & S. 439; 5 W. 460 ; 4 Barr 39. 
 
 11. Parol ratification of, 5 S. 515. 
 
 12. Rescission of, 9 W. & S. 29. 
 
 13. Release of, 7 W. 44; 8 W. & S. 181. 
 
 14. By tenant in common, 2 B. 138. 
 
 15. In charter party. 
 
 Liability of agent for, 6 B. 228. 
 
 16. In contract for sale of land. 
 
 To indemnify vendee, 8 C. 18. 
 
 To convey clear title, 1 J. 127. 
 
 "Well and sufficiently to grant, assure and convey," con- 
 strued, 7 S. 467. 
 
 As to contracts and encumbrances, 3 Barr 72; 5 Barr 
 317; 2 H. 308. 
 
 Damages for breach of, 1 Wr. 309, 318 ; 10 Wr. 229. 
 See Case. 
 
 17. In deed of partition, 3 R. 351 ; 5 W. 279; 10 W. 135. 
 
 18. In deed. 
 
 Generally, 16 S. & R. 98; 1 S. 126. 
 
 Joint and several, 12 Wr. 472. 
 
 Derived from words "grant, bargain and sell," 4 D. 440; 
 
 2 B. 25, 95, 108; 1 S. & R. 52 ; 11 S. & R. 108; 1 
 
 R. 377; 3P. & W. 313. 
 Implied, 3 Wr. 447 ; 13 Wr. 234. 
 Of seizin, 4 D. 439; 16 S. & R. 98; 3 P. & W. 318; 10 
 
 Wr. 229. 
 As to boundary, 10 Barr 137. 
 Of warranty, 4 D. 442; 3 S. & R. 363; 7 S. & R. 40; 
 
 2 P. & W. 507; 3 P. & W. 313, 419; 5 W. 406; 7 
 
 W. 227; 10 W. 413; 7 Barr 111 ; 2 J. 108; 2 H. 
 
COVENANT. 225 
 
 COVENANT— coMfmwec?. 
 
 308 ; 1 Wr. 318 ; 10 Wr. 229 ; 11 Wr. 73 ; IS. 
 
 126 ; 7 S. 426 ; 11 S. 328. See Warranty. 
 To stand, seized to uses, 1 D. 137; 4 W. & S. 192 ; 4 Wh. 
 
 445 ; 10 Barr 348. 
 For quiet enjoyment, 4 Wh. 86 ; 2 J. 372. 
 As to encumbrances, 2 S. & R. 11; 2 H. 308; 10 Wr. 
 
 229. 
 Restricting property to particular uses, 17 S. 512. 
 What covenants run with the land, 1 D. 210 ; 2 Y. 25, 
 
 74 ; 10 S. & R. 63 ; 1 R. 133, 161 ; 2 R. 159 ; 2 
 
 P. & W. 464 : 5 Barr 317 ; 7 H. 101 ; 3 Wr. 31 ; 
 
 11 S. 328; 16 S. 117; 17 S. 512; 19 S. 93. 
 When binding on heirs and representatives, 11 H. 316 ; 
 
 3 C. 257, 288. 
 For repairs, 2 R. 97 ; 3 P. & W. 313; 9 W. 516. 
 For support and maintenance, 6 H. 450. 
 For water power, 9 W. 516. See Water Power. 
 To pay ground-rent, 1 D. 307; 4 Y. 386 ; 1 R. 89 ; 3 P. 
 
 & W. 461 ; 9 C. 442, 451. 
 
 19. Breach of, 3 W. 331; 9 W. 152; 2 W. & S. 20, 53; 4 
 
 Wh. 86 ; 4 Barr 39 ; 5 Barr 317 ; 7 Barr 122 ; IJ. 127 ; 
 2 J. 25, 79, 372; 2 H. 336; 7 C. 37 ; 10 Wr. 229; 20 
 S. 245. 
 What will excuse, 1 D. 210 ; 9 W. 516; 4 Barr 39. 
 
 20. Transfer of by sale of land, 7 W. 227. 
 
 21. Construction of covenants. 
 
 General rules as to, 5 W. 279; 5 Barr 202; 4 Wr. 
 
 132. 
 By the court, 7 W. 466; 3 Barr 72; 5 Barr 317; 4 Wr. 
 
 132. 
 By the parties, 5 W. 460; 9 W. 516; 4 Barr 39; 3 C. 
 
 429. 
 By the jury, 7 W. 466. 
 
 I. Action of. 
 
 1. distingoished from debt, 1 d. 302 ; 2 d. 123. 
 
 2. When transitory, 3 S. & R. 500, 502, 503. 
 
 3. Equitable power of court in, 1 D. 210; 1 R. 134. 
 
 4. When it lies, 3 S. & R. 364; 12 S. & R. 131; 2 P. & 
 
 W. 507 ; 3 P. & W. 49 ; 3 W. & S. 407, 563 ; 4 Barr 
 39 ; 5 Barr 317 ; 2 H. 336 ; 3 C. 288. 
 
 5. Instrument must be under seal, 2 S. & R. 502 ; 2 
 
 W. 451; 2 AVh. 173; 6 W. & S. 439; 1 Gr. 230. 
 
 6. On privity of contract on estate, 17 S. & R. 89. 
 
 15 
 
226 CO\^ENANT. 
 
 COVENANT— eowimwet?. 
 
 7. On specialty modified by parol, 3 S. & R. 564; i 
 
 W. 456; 5 Wh. 84; 11 Wr. 500. 
 
 8. For deficiency in land sold, 1 Y. 324. 
 
 9. Is an affirmance of contract, 12 S. 116. 
 
 10. On contract for purchase of land, 3 P. & W. 53; 
 
 3 W. 60; 11 C. 381; 1 Wr. 309, 318; 10 Wr. 229: 
 
 1 Gr. 84; 12 S. 116. 
 
 11. On deed poll, 7 Barr 331. 
 
 12. For purchase-money. See Purchase-money. 
 
 13. For money payable by instalments, 3 W. & S. 136. 
 
 14. For breach of warranty, 3 S. & R. 364; 12 S. & R. 
 
 131; 2 P. & W. 507; 3 P. & W. 49; 3 W. & S. 407, 
 563; 4 Barr 39; 5 Barr 317; 2 H. 336; 3 C. 288. 
 See Warranty. 
 
 15. For rent charge, 4 R. 146. 
 
 16. For rent under statute 32 H. VIII. c. 34, 1 S. & 
 
 R. 160. 
 
 17. For rent between joint owners, 2 J. 211. 
 
 18. For ground rent, 17 S. & R. 84; 1 R. 155; 4 R. 146; 
 
 2 Wh. 208. See Ground Rent. 
 
 19. For not procuring patent for land, 1 S. & R. 160. 
 
 20. On covenant with one for benefit of another, 9 W. 
 
 & S. 75. 
 
 21. In foreign attachment, 12 Wr. 161. 
 
 II. Parties to. 
 
 1. Generally, 4 Wh. 71, 72. 
 
 2. Must be in name of legal party, 16 S. k R. 237; 9 
 
 W. 575. See Legal Party. 
 
 3. Corporation, 1 C. 303. 
 
 4. Assignee of reversion, 3 S. & R. 500. 
 
 5. Assignee of part of property demised, 2 P. & W. 23. 
 
 6. Executor, 7 W. 44. 
 
 III. Declaration in. 
 
 1. Manner of stating covenant, 13 S. & R. 186 ; 5 C. 78. 
 
 2. Mode of assigning breach of, 2 P. & W. 507 ; 1 Wh. 241. 
 
 3. Averment of performance by plaintiff, 5 0. 78. 
 
 4. On general warranty, 2 Y. 470; 3 P. & W. 419. 
 
 5. On covenant to make title by a day certain, 9 S. & 
 
 R. 45. 
 
COVENANT. 227 
 
 COYE'N ANT— continued. 
 
 6. For money payable by instalments, 3 W. & S. 136. 
 
 7. Where there has been mistake in form of covenant, 
 
 2 Wh. 79. 
 
 8. Joinder op count in debt, 7 C. 327. 
 
 IV. Pleas in. 
 
 1. Covenants performed, notice under, 4 D. 436; 2 Y. 
 
 107, 295; 7 S. & R. 282; 1 W. & S. 48; 4 W. & S. 
 534 ; 6 Barr 398 ; 8 Barr 270 ; 12 H. 516 ; 1 C. 303 ; 
 3S. 226; 20 S. 192. 
 
 2. NON FREGIT conventionem, 4 D. 436. 
 
 3. Nil habet in tenementis, 7 Barr 185. 
 
 4. Service of attachment execution, 10 C. 128. 
 
 5. Former recovery, 3 W. & S. 136. See Former Re- 
 
 covery. 
 
 6. What are affirmative, 3 Y. 84. 
 
 7. Should give plaintiff notice to show title, 1 W. & 
 
 S. 484; 8 Barr 270; 2 H. 308; 2 Wr. 72; 17 S. 218. 
 
 V. Evidence in. 
 
 1. Under plea of covenants performed, 4 D. 439; 4 
 
 W. 265; 6 W. 207 ; 5 Barr 183; 12 H. 516; 5 C. 78; 
 2 Wr. 72. 
 
 2. Under plea of former recovery, 3 W. & S. 136. 
 
 3. As to nonperformance of covenant, 5 H. 429; 5 C. 
 
 78. 
 
 4. Where readiness to make title is in issue, 9 S. & 
 
 R. 45; 3 W. 368; 5 H. 382, 433; 12 H. 237. 
 
 5. As TO TENDER OF DEED BY VENDOR, 8 C. 43. 
 
 6. As TO ALLEGED WARRANTY OF TITLE, 3 W. 368 ; 2 P. & 
 
 W. 198; 8 W. & S. 96; 2 H. 308 ; 5 H. 382, 433 ; 12 
 H. 257; 10 Wr. 229. 
 
 7. In action for arrears of ground rent, 11 C. 108. 
 
 8. Must correspond with covenant in narr., 2 Y. 107; 
 
 1 S. & R. 166; 3 S. & R. 364; 1 W. & S. 301 ; 5 W. 
 & S. 382; 8 W. & S. 367; 12 H. 392; 3 C. 430. 
 
 VI. Damages in. 
 
 1. Generally, 4 D- 79, 442; 3 W. & S. 63 ; 4 W. & S. 
 
 527; 6 W. & S. 527; 5 Barr 311; 2 J. 372; 3 C. 288; 
 5 0. 254 ; 1 Wr. 309 ; 18 S. 400. 
 
 2. On charter party, 1 Y. 157; 6 B. 228. 
 
 3. On eviction, 4 D. 441; 4 Y. 495; 10 S. & R. 329; 12 
 
228 COVENANT— CKEDIT. 
 
 COYEl^A^T— continued. 
 
 S. & R. 131; 2 P. & W. 528; 3 W. 158, 331; 4 W. 
 436; 3 W. & S. 563; 6 W. & S. 399, 528; 5 Barr 
 145, 311; IJ. 127; 2 J. 372; 5 C. 254, 255; 8 C. 18. 
 
 4. On insurance policy, 5 Barr 183. 
 
 5. For nondelivery of chattels, 8 W. 239; 2 S. 363. 
 
 6. For breach of covenant to erect building, 19 S.432. 
 VI. Certificate for defendant in, 3 W. 451. 
 
 COVENANTS PERFORMED. See Action of Covenant. 
 
 COVERTURE. 
 I. Plea of. 
 
 1. When to be pleaded, 4 S. & R. 238. 
 
 2. Form of, 1 Y. 185; 14 S. & R. 379. 
 
 3. When sufficient, 11 C. 384. 
 
 4. Proof of under general issue, 1 Y. 551. 
 
 5. No objection to right to administer, 15 S. 311. 
 
 6. Trust for, when and when not sustained, 9 W. 137 ; 
 
 4 W. & S. 95; 1 Barr 113; 4 Barr 93; 4 S. 245; 
 14 S. 205, 207. See Married Women. 
 
 COWDEN'S ESTATE, SETTLEMENT OF, 1 Barr 267. 
 
 CRAWFORD COUNTY. 
 . Bridges in, 11 Wr. 361. 
 
 CREDIBILITY OF WITNESS. 
 A question for the jury, ^ee Jury. 
 
 CREDIT. 
 
 1. In bank book, 4 D. 234. See Bank Book 1. 
 
 2. Meaning of in contract, 1' S. 173. 
 
 3. Custom of merchants as to, 4 Wr. 241 ; 1 S. 173. 
 
 4. Suit brought before expiration of, 1 S. 173. 
 
 5. Correction of erroneous, 11 Wr. 115. 
 
 6. Loan of. 
 
 When consideration for contract, 2 P. & W. 75 ; 2 W. 
 104; 5 Barr 162; 3 Wr. 302. 
 
 7. Effect OF Statute op Limitations on endorsement of on 
 
 notes. See Limitation, IV. 7. 
 
 8. Effect of giving credit to agent against order of ' 
 
 principal, 14 S. 247. 
 
 9. Letters of. See Letters of credit. 
 
CREDIT MOBILIER— CRIMES. 223 
 
 CREDIT MOBILIER. 
 
 Rights and liabilities of in Pennsylvania discussed, 17 S. 233. 
 
 CREDITOR. 
 
 I. Rights of. 
 
 1. As TO TIME OF BRINGING SUIT, 4 Y. 518; 6 W. 304. 
 
 See Action 14. 
 
 2. To accept full payment from INSOLVENT DEBTOR, 3 
 
 H. 312; 2 C. 85; 2 Wr. 446; 3 Wr. 103. 
 
 3. To IMPEACH VOLUNTARY CONVEYANCE, 2 Y. 500 ; 1 H. 
 
 584 ; 2 H. 489; 4 H. 497; 5 Barr 478 ; 7 Barr 264. 
 
 4. To IMPEACH VOLUNTARY JUDGMENT, 2 W. 354; 5 Barr 
 
 232; 4 H. 18; 11 H. 321. See Judgment. 
 
 5. To testify as to fraud of debtor, 2 D. 268; 2 Y. 
 
 161 ; 3 Y. 172. See Fraud. 
 
 6. To testify under interpleader act, 5 Wr. 297. 
 
 7. To follow assets collusively parted with by ex- 
 
 ecutor, 11 S. & R. 377. 
 
 8. To follow earnings of creditor, 8 Barr 293; 8 H. 
 
 311; 2 C. 233; 3 Wr. 129; 13 Wr. 129, 231; 34 
 Wr. 266; 1 S. 428; 10 S. 41!t. 
 
 9. To ASK FOR APPOINTMENT OF AUDITOR ON ACCOUNT OF EX- 
 
 ECUTOR OR ADMINISTRATOR, 5 H. 416. 
 
 10. To CONTEST OTHER CLAIMS BEFORE AUDITOR, 4 C. 261 ; 
 
 12 S. 409. 
 
 11. As TO CONTROL OF TWO SEPARATE FUNDS, 2 W. 228. 
 
 12. As AGAINST SURETIES. See Sureties. 
 
 13. As AGAINST CORPORATION OF WHICH HE IS A MEMBER, 11 
 
 Wr. 43. 
 
 14. As HOLDER OF COLLATERAL SECURITIES. See COLLAT- 
 
 ERAL Securities. 
 
 II. Duties of. 
 
 As to claims before auditor, 4 Barr 124; 2 C. 463. 
 
 CREW. 
 
 1. Rights of to prize money, 2 D. 37. 
 
 2. Duty as to navigation of captured vessel, 2 B. 574. 
 
 CRIER. 
 
 May purchase at vendue, 12 Wr. 68. 
 
 CRIMES. 
 
 1. At common law, where cognisable, 2 D. 396; 4 D. 421. 
 
 2. Merger of, 1 Y. 6; 3 S. & R. 220; 7 S. & R. 489; 5 
 
 Barr 60; 1 Gr. 224. 
 
230 CEIMES— CRIMINAL PROSECUTION. 
 
 GRIMES— continued. 
 
 3. Against foreign ministers, 1 D. 116. 
 
 4. Attempt to commit, 6 S. & R. 224; 5 Barr 67. 
 
 5. By alien, 1 D. 408. 
 
 CRIM. CON. 
 
 1. Action for, 2 Y. 278. 
 
 2. Abatement of suit, 9 Barr 128. 
 
 3. Evidence in, 2 Y. 278, 466; 8 S. & R. 159; 15 S. 77. 
 
 CRIMEN FALSI. 
 What are, 4 Barr 210. 
 
 CRIMINAL COURT. 
 
 1. Power of legislature to establish, 19 S. 9. 
 
 2. Duration op sessions, 5 Wh. 67. 
 
 3. Presumption in favor of record of, 7 Wr. 131. 
 
 4. Constitutionality of, 5 Barr 204 ; 8 W. & S. 382. 
 
 5. Entry of return of grand jury in, 14 Wr. 9. 
 
 6. Jurisdiction of, 5 Barr 204 ; 5 Wr. 229. 
 
 7. Formal objections in, when to be made, 8 Wr. 197 ; 13 
 
 Wr. 478. 
 
 8. Powers of, end with sentence of convict, 7 S. 292. 
 
 9. Of Dauphin, Lebanon and Schuylkill counties, dis- 
 
 cussed, 8 S. 226. 
 
 CRIMINAL INFORMATION. See Information. 
 
 CRIMINAL PROSECUTION. 
 
 I. Duty of citizens as to, 13 S. 284. 
 
 II. Limitation to, how computed under Act of 1860, 7 S. 
 
 444. 
 
 III. Trial of. 
 
 1. As to presence of prisoner, 2 S. & R. 237 ; 4 S. & R. 
 
 315 ; 6 Barr 384 ; 1 H. 627 ; 6 H. 103 ; 1 C. 121. 
 
 2. Evidence confined to charge, 4 D. 261, App. xxvi. 
 
 3. Rule as to doubtful evidence, 4 Barr 270. 
 
 4. Exception to evidence in, 2 W. 285. 
 
 5. Proof of quo animo, 8 Wr. 386. 
 
 6. Judgment in, 1 D. 91; 2 B. 79 ; 9 S. & R. 452. 
 
 7. Amendment of clerical errors of, 2 B. 519. 
 
 8. Right of Commonwealth to challenge juries. See 
 
 Challenge. 
 
 9. Writ of error on, 4 Y. 319. See Error. 
 
CRIMINAL PEOSECUTION— CROPS. 231 
 
 CRIMINAL PROSECUTION— cowi-wzwef^. 
 
 10. Certiorari in, 4 D. 302, 318 ; 3 Y. 39 ; 4 Y. 314 ; 2 B. 
 
 79, 257 ; 7 S. & R. 453; 12 Wr. 53 ; 14 Wr. 9; 2 
 Gr. 438 ; 3 Gr. 99. See also, Certiorari. 
 
 11. Record must show arraignment and presence of 
 
 PRISONER, 2 S. & R. 237 ; 5 S. & R. 315 ; 6 Ban- 384 ; 4 
 H. 129, 133 ; 10 H. 94 ; 8 S. 9 ; 12 S. 286 ; 19 S. 286. 
 
 12. Reversal of judgment, 2 B. 79 ; 4 S. & R. 452. 
 
 13. Amendment of sentence by Supreme Court, 1 Wh. 
 
 278; 7 Barr 371; 1 H. 631, 634. 
 
 14. Removal of to Circuit Court, 4 D. 302, 316. 
 
 15. Against aliens where cognisable, 3 D. 470. 
 
 16. As A BAR TO CIVIL SUIT, 1 Y. 588 ; 5 Wr. 42. 
 
 17. Record op not evidence in civil suit, 13 Wr. 155. 
 
 18. Special verdict in, 14 Wr. 181. 
 
 19. New trial, right of convict to apply for, 13 Wr. 
 
 478; 7 S. 293. 
 
 CRIMINATING ANSWERS. 
 
 Rights of witnesses as to, 3 Y. 427, 515. 
 
 CROPPER. 
 
 Defined, 2 R. 12 ; 3 S. 81 ; 6 S. 172. 
 
 Rights of, 9 Barr 343 ; 4 H. 179 ; 3 S. 81 ; 5 S. 285 ; 6 S. 172. 
 
 Not liable to distress, 2 R. 11; 3 S. 81. 
 
 CROPS. 
 
 1. Right of execution creditor to, 8 Barr 342; 9 H. 
 
 266; 4 Wr. 484. 
 
 2. Right op sheriff's vendee of real estate to. 
 
 Under venditioni exponas, 2 R. 161 ; 4 H. 175; 9 H. 
 
 SO, 260; 6 Barr 145; 8 Barr 342; 5 C. 66, 68; 4 
 
 Wr. 484; 3 S. 82. 
 Under levari facias, 1 R. 353 ; 1 P. & W. 471, 473; 4 
 
 W. 484; 4 H. 179; 5 C. 68. 
 
 3. Right op landlord to. 6 Barr 145; 9 Barr 338; 7 C. 
 
 426; 9 Wr. 376. 
 
 4. Right op tenant to, 2 B. 487 ; 5 B. 259. 285 ; 2 S. & R. 
 
 14; 1 R. 353; 2 R. 161; 1 P. & W. 224,471; 3 P. & 
 W. 490, 496; 3 W. 394; 7 W. 378; 8 W. 282; 9 W. 
 436; 1 W. & S. 509 ; 5 W. & S 432; 4 Barr 146; 6 Barr 
 145; 2 J. 220; 9 11.90; 5 C. 66 ; 7 C. 426 ; 4 Wr. 484; 
 3 S.. 82 ; 4 S. 142. 
 
 5. Right of private vendee to, 2 R. 161 ; 1 P. & W. 471 ; 3 
 
 W. 394; 7 W. 378; 9 W. 46; 2 W. & S. 268; 6 Barr 
 145; 4 H. 175; 5 C. 68; 9 C. 251. 
 
232 CROPS— CURRENT MONEY. 
 
 CROPS — continued. 
 
 6. RiSHT OF VENDOR TO UNDER RESERVATION. 
 
 In deed, 9 H. 90. 
 
 Verbal, 9 H. 91 ; 9 C. 251. 
 
 7. Right of devisee to, 4 Y. 23 ; 8 Barr 342 ; 9 Wr. 430. 
 
 8. Right of parties to under Orphans' Court sale, 9 H. 
 
 290; 7 C. 426. 
 
 9. Not recoverable in assumpsit, 11 S. & R. 48. 
 
 10. Passes by sale of reversion, 1 P. & W. 471 ; 3 P. & W. 
 
 496; 7 W. 379; 9 W. 46. 
 
 11. Passes by assignment for creditors, 1 R. 353, 355. 
 
 CROSS-BILLS. 
 
 Hearing of, 16 S. 178. 
 
 CROSS-DEMANDS. 
 
 Settled by consent in one action, 7 W. 561. 
 Right of owner of as to set-off, 8 H. 190. 
 
 CROSS-EXAMINATION OF WITNESS. See Witness. 
 
 CROSS-REMAINDER. 
 
 1. Creation of. 
 
 By will, 3 S. & R. 470 ; 4 S. & R. 368 ; 12 H. 57, 248. 
 
 2. Descent of, 12 H. 162. 
 
 CULVERTS. 
 
 1. Power of municipal corporation to construct, 11 C. 
 
 401 ; 2 Wr. 503. 
 
 2. Liability of lot owner for cost of, 2 Wr. 503 ; 11 Wr. 9. 
 
 3. Lien for cost of, 11 C. 401 ; 2 Wr. 339. 
 
 CUMBERLAND ROAD. 
 
 Act of 1845 relative to, construed, 10 Barr 274 ; 10 H. 278. 
 
 CUM-ONERE. 
 
 Devise of land to be held, 2 D. 244, 246; 1 Y. 192 ; 2 Y. 68; 
 4 S. & R. 213. See Legacy; Devise. 
 
 CURBING AND PAVING. 
 
 Evidence on scire facias for. See Municipal Liens. 
 
 CURRENT BANK. NOTES, 
 
 Bond payable in, 2 P. & W. 58 ; 6 H. 15. 
 
 CURRENT FUNDS. 
 
 Note payable in, 8 Wr. 454. 
 
 CURRENT MONEY. 
 Definition of, 1 D. 126, 175; 3 D. 368; 4 D. App. xvii. 
 Meaning of fixed by verdict, 3 D. 368. 
 
CURTESBY ESTATE— CUSTOM. 233 
 
 CURTESEY ESTATE. 
 
 1. When husband entitled to, 3 Y. 374; 5 R. 160, 165 ; 
 
 1 P. & W. 399 ; 4 W. & S. 95, 145 ; 10 Barr 399 ; 1 H. 
 261, 267; 2 H. 361; 11 H. 231, 305; 4 0. 74 ; 7 C. 
 149; 1 Wr. 391; 4 Wr. 82; 8 Wr. 449; 6 S. 228. 
 
 2. When not entitled to, 4 W. & S. 145. 
 
 3. Powers of tenant, 1 D. 352; 2 D. 260; 3 D. 489. 
 
 4. Liability of tenant, 3 D. 486, 479 ; 9 W. 309 ; 10 Barr 398. 
 
 5. Forfeiture of estate, 3 D. 486. 
 
 6. Provision for in partition, 1 D. 353. 
 
 7. Effect of attainder of tenant of, 3 D. 486 ; 4 D. 168 ; 
 
 IB. 1; 9 W. 309; 10 Barr 398. 
 
 8. Effect of judgment against, 10 Barr 398. 
 
 9. Execution against, 3 S. 400. 
 
 10. Attachment execution against, 10 Barr 398. 
 
 11. Sequestration of, 10 Barr 398. 
 
 12. Settlement on public lands by tenant, 3 B. 103. 
 
 GUSHING, W. L. 
 Appointment of, as judge, 2 D. 399. 
 
 "CUSTODY." 
 
 In sentence for fornication and bastardy, meaning of, 9 S. 320. 
 
 CUSTOM. 
 
 1. Validity of, 1 Y. 237 ; 4 Y. 215; 8 S. & R. 533; 4 W. 
 
 402 ; 7 H. 243 ; 1 C. 114 ; 2 C. 467 ; 7 S. 291 ; 16 S. 
 430; 19 S. 374. 
 
 2. Effect of on contract, 1 D. 201; 1 Y. 39; 5 B. 295; 6 
 
 B. 416; 2 S. & R. 14; 3 R. 101; 1 Barr 342; 3 W. 
 178; 4 W. 402; 1 H. 33 ; 7 H. 243; 8 H. 114, 243; 1 
 Wr. 293; 11 S. 107; 16 S. 430; 19 S. 374. 
 
 3. Of bank, 8 S. & R. 73 ; 1 C. 288. 
 
 4. As to ferries, 1 Y. 170. 
 
 5. As to carrier, 7 H. 243; 19 S. 352. 
 
 6. As to apprenticing minors, 1 Y. 233. 
 
 7. Of insurance company, 1 Wr. 293. 
 
 8. Of land office, 1 Y. 213; 2 Y. 306; 3 Y. 580; 3 B. 14; 
 
 5 W. 209. 
 
 9. Of mariners, 1 D. 362. 
 
 10. Op merchants. 
 
 As to interest, 2 D. 193 ; 3 W. & S. 271 ; 12 H. 310 ; 1 
 C. 411; eC. 346; 2 Gr. 73. 
 
234 CUSTOM— DAMAGES. 
 
 CUSTOyi— continued. 
 
 As to sale on credit, 4 Wr. 241 ; 1 S. 173, 
 As to weights, 1 C. 114. 
 
 11. Of favours, 1 Barr 392. 
 
 12. Op plasterers, 3 Y. 318. 
 
 13. As TO LANDING FREIGHT ON BANK OF RIVER, 1 Y. 167. 
 
 14. As TO WAY-GOING CROPS. See Tenant. 
 
 15. As TO PURCHASE OF COTTON IN PHILADELPHIA, 8 R. 101. 
 
 16. As TO PLEDGE OF GOODS BY FACTOR, 4 R. 105. 
 
 17. Proof of, 2 B. 72; 1 W. 360; 3 W. 178; 4 W. 402; 1 
 
 Barr 342 ; 2 H. 366; 4 0. 266; 1 Wr. 293; 6 Wr. 159; 
 9 Wr. 96; 19 S. 374. 
 
 CUSTOM HOUSE. 
 
 1. Bond. 
 
 Preference of surety on, 2 Y. 549 ; 1 B. 327. 
 
 2. Duties. 
 
 Preference of surety for, 2 Y. 549; 1 B. 327. 
 
 3. Officers. 
 
 Preference of United States against sureties of. 2 S. & R. 
 221, 326. 
 
 OY PRES. 
 
 Doctrine of, in Pennsylvania, 9 Wr. 9. 
 
 DAMAGES. 
 
 1. General rule as to, 2 D. 56 : 3D. 306, 337 ; 4 D. 208, 
 
 283; 1 Y. 156, 186; 2 B. 287; 5 B. 522; 7 S. & R. 
 411 ; 1 R. 27 ; 7 W. 126 ; 1 W. & S. 269 : 2 Barr 318 ; 
 3 H. 242; 6 H. 157; 2 C. 143; 12 C. 360; 9 S. 365; 
 11 S. 302; 15 S. 463. 
 
 2. Power of court over, 4 Y. 1 ; 10 C. 48. 
 
 3. Conditional, 1 Y. 92, 574 ; 16 S. & R. 320. 
 
 4. CoMPEsrsATORY, 1 B. 17, 253 ; 8 W. 235 ; 2 W. & S. 314 : 
 
 2 Barr 59 ; 8 Barr 13, 86 ; 10 Barr 148 : 2 H. 96 ; 11 
 H. 523 ; 7 C. 458 ; 10 C. 48 ; 11 C. 23 ; 12 C. 364 ; 11 
 Wr. 387 ; 3 Gr. 406 ; 1 S. 190 ; 3 S. 276 ; 4 S. 495 ; 5 
 S. 396 ; 7 S. 335 ; 9 S. 365 ; 11 S. 302 ; 12 S. 339 ; 13 
 S. 291 ; 16 S. 399 ; 17 S. 300 ; 20 S. 119. 
 
 5. Exemplary, 2 D. 184 ; 1 Y. 55, 92, 106, 209, 574 ; 8 Barr 
 
 13, 56 ; 11 H. 424 ; 10 C. 48, 53 ; 11 C. 107 ; 3 Gr. 
 406; 3 S. 276; 11 S. 302; 13 S. 291; 16 S. 399. 
 
 6. Immediate and consequential discussed, 14 S. & R. 71 ; 
 
 6 W. & S. 101 ; 9 W. & S. 9 ; 2 H. 65 ; 9 0. 181 ; 2 Wr. 
 281 ; 9 S. 369, 370 ; 4 S. 495; 6 S. 326. 
 
DAMAGES— DAMS. 235 
 
 DAMAGES — continued. 
 
 7. Nominal, 2 P. & W. 325 ; 8 W. 153 ; 12 Wr. 9. 
 
 8. Prospective, 2 Barr 318 ; 3 C. 99 ; 7 C. 22 ; 11 C. 107 ; 
 
 12 G. 360 ; IJ. 127 ; 9 H. 417 ; 6 Wr. 435 ; 8 Wr. 56 ; 
 12 Wr. 309 ; 3 S. 153 ; 9 S. 309 ; 19 S. 432. 
 
 9. Stipulated, 16 S. & R. 320; 4 Barr 161; 2 J. 97; 1 S. 
 
 175. 
 
 10. Unliquidated, 4 W. k S. 527; 11 Wr. 485. 
 
 11. Treble, 4 H. 256; 9 C. 489. 
 
 Mitigation of, 2 H. 282; 3 Wr. 441; 8 Wr. 99; 11 Wr. 
 198. 
 
 12. Remission of, 2 D. 184; 1 Y. 55, 186; 6 S. & R. 385 ; 
 
 12 Wr. 487. 
 
 13. Expense op establishing injury when included, 5 B. 
 
 159; 8 W. 238; 8 Barr 55; IJ. 537; 5 C. 254. 
 
 14. Interest on, 5 Wr. 463. 
 
 15. Against joint defendants, 3 W. 464; 1 Barr 240; 2 H. 
 
 160. 
 
 16. What amount covers cost, 2 H. 357, 359. 
 
 17. On suit or action. See Assumpsit ; Debt ; Covenant. 
 
 18. Inquisition to assess. See Inquisition. 
 
 DAMNUM ABSQUE INJURIA, 11 S. 307. 
 
 DAMS. 
 I. Acquisition of right to erect. 
 
 1. By contract, 1 R. 218 ; 4 W. 317 ; 5 W. 308 ; 7 Barr 
 
 221; 9 C. 169. 
 
 2. By deed poll or grant, 17 S. & R. 383 ; 9 C. 169; 19 
 
 S. 93. 
 
 3. By parol license, 4 W. 317; 5 W. 308. 
 
 4. By statute, 3 S. & R. 273; 6 W. 449; 8 W. 470; 9 
 
 W. 228 ; 6 W. & S. 101 ; 9 H. 288 ; 7 S. 487 ; 15 S. 
 255, 258. 
 
 5. By lapse of time, 2 W. 327 ; 3 W. 308 ; 9 C. 169; 5 
 
 S. 350. 
 
 6. By devise, 3 R. 76. 
 
 7. When and when not within mill dam act, 3 S. & R. 
 
 2'^3 ; 4 W. 437 ; 8 W. 470 ; 9 W. 119 ; 6 W. & S. 
 101. 112; 9 W. & S. 11; 1 Barr 105; 9 0. 175; 13 
 Wr. 234 ; 2 S. 238, 320. 
 
 8. Erection of by riparian owners, 9 H. 288 ; 19 S. 93. 
 
 9. Covenant to build runs with the land, 19 S. 93. 
 
236 DAMS— DAY. 
 
 DAMS — continued. 
 
 II. Revocation op right to erect, 4 W. 317 ; 5 W. 308 ; 9 
 
 W. & S. 9; 1 Barr 105 ; 7 Barr 221 ; 9 C. 175 ; 2 J. 81. 
 Notice to abstain from erecting, 17 S. & R. 383. 
 Presumption as to from nonuser, 19 S. 93. 
 
 III. Right of owner of. 
 
 1. On navigable streams, 14 S. & R. 79 : 3 P. & W. 
 
 180 ; 4 W. & S. 11 ; 6 W. & S. 101, 112 ; 9 H. 288 ; 
 9 C. 164 ; 12 C. 194 ; 13 Wr. 424 ; 3 Gr. 265 ; 1 S. 
 96; 2 S. 320; 7 S. 487; 16 S. 4%, 42, 91. 
 
 2. To ACTION FOR INJURY TO, 7 S. 142. 
 
 IV. Liability of owner of. 
 
 1. Generally, 1 R. 27 ; 4 R. 241 ; 4 W. 437, 440, 441 ; 
 
 9 W. 119 ; 10 W. 86 ; 3 W. & S. 541 ; 6 W. & S. 101, 
 112 ; 9 W. & S. 9, 11 ; 1 Barr 105 ; 5 Barr 97 ; 8 
 Barr 51 ; 2 J. 81 ; 2 H. 267 ; 8 H. 85 ; 11 H. 143 ; 
 9 C. 175, 180; 2 S. 116, 320; 5 S. 419; 15 S. 254; 
 16 S. 41, 42, 91. 
 
 2. Covenant to repair implied, 13 Wr. 234. 
 
 3. Competency of witness in action against, 2 Barr 
 
 372; 1 H. 509; 8 H. 85. 
 
 4. When a nuisance, 1 B. 463 ; 1 R. 27 ; 2 R. 83 ; 3 W. 
 
 330 ; 4 W. 437 ; 5 W. 102 ; 2 Wh. 383 ; 3 W. & S. 
 501 ; 10 Barr 376 ; 3 Gr. 264 ; 2 S. 238, 320 ; 5 S. 
 419 ; 7 S. 487. 
 
 5. Remedy for abuse of right, 3 P. & W. 180 ; 3 W. 
 
 330 ; 5 Wh. 3i 2 ; 3 W. & S. 540 ; 1 H. 509 ; 3 H. 9 ; 
 8 H. 85 ; 1 S. 96 ; 2 S. 116, 238 ; 7 S. 487 ; 16 S. 
 41, 42, 91; 19 S. 161. 
 Heighth of how ascertained, 9 Wr. 61 ; 5 S. 354 ; 19 S. 
 161. 
 
 6. Contract to construct, construed, 4 W. 317 ; 3 Wh. 
 
 424 ; 5 Wh. 684 ; 9 C. 169. 
 
 7. Right to use water escaping from, 6 H. 497. 
 
 DANGERS OF NAVIGATION. 
 
 Meaning of, 9 W. 87; 4 Wh. 204; 6 Wh. 435; 8 W. & S. 49. 
 
 DATE. 
 
 Proved by parol, 20 S. 387. 
 
 DAY. 
 
 1. Non judicial. See Sabbath. 
 
 2. As TO fractions, 2 Y. 89; 1 B. 292; 1 S. & R. 412; 3 
 
 P. & W. 200, 245 ; 5 H. 48 ; 10 H. 363 ; 11 H. 297 ; 12 
 
DAY— DEATH. 237 
 
 DAY — continued. 
 
 H. 363; 2 Wr. 480; 11 Wr. 156; 2 Gr. 446; 1 S. 432; 
 12 S. 151; 20 S. 490. 
 
 3. In court, 12 S. & R. 278; 7 W. 440, 441; 4 Wh. 568, 
 601; 3 Barr 124; 6 Barr 61; 3 Barr 115; 2 H. 237; 
 8 H. 138; 10 Wr. 236, 471; 3 S. 470, 505; 6 S. 182. 
 Daily pay of defendant on appeal, 5 S. & R. 234; 6 
 W. 331. 
 
 DAY BOOK. See Account Book. 
 
 DAYS OF GRACE. See Bills and Notes; Bank Checks. 
 
 DEALER. 
 
 Definition of, 3 C. 494, 495. 
 
 DEATH. 
 
 1. Presumption of, 1 S. & R. 45; 3 S. & R. 490; 12 S. & 
 
 R. 430; 15 S. & R. 45; 1 R. 373; 4 Wh. 150, 173; 11 
 H. 114; 6Wr. 159. 
 
 2. Proof of, 2 D. 116. 
 
 3. Interest of heirs fixed by, 5 W. & S. 171 ; 2 H. 260. 
 
 4. Effect of on creditors of deceased, 1 B. 221; 1 S. & 
 
 R. 108; 4 Barr 32. See Decedent. 
 
 5. Of trustees, effect of, 3 Barr 93. 
 
 6. Of public officer before induction, 9 Barr 573. 
 
 7. Of maker of negotiable notes, 16 S. & R. 157; 4 Wh. 
 
 455; 7C. 271; 9 C. 106. 
 
 8. Of executor, 11 S. & R. 252. 
 
 9. Of partner, 1 B. 123. 
 
 10. Of legatee, 6 Wh. 99. 
 
 11. Of vendee, 10 C. 876. 
 
 12. Of parties to suit. 
 
 Of nominal plaintiff, 2 P. & W. 361. 
 
 Joint defendant, 1 W. & S. 112; 5 W. & S. 333; 1 Barr 
 
 215. 
 Suggestion of on record, 5 B. 56; 9 W. & S. 182. 
 Abatement of suit by, 7 S. & R. 185; 8 S. & R. 452; 10 
 
 S. & R. 31 ; 13 S. & R. 183 ; 2 P. & W. 126 ; 1 W. 
 
 & S. 438; 3 Barr 98; 9 Barr 128; 7 C. 533. 
 Continuance of cause for, 16 S. & R. 98. 
 Effect of on submission to arbitrators, 7 W. 205 ; 3 W. & 
 
 S. 560; 5 H. 238. 
 Effect of on right to issue execution, 5 B. 50 ; 9 Barr 
 
 305. 
 Effect of on decree of Admiralty Court, 3 D. 86, 101, 117. 
 
238 DEATH— DE BENE ESSE. 
 
 BEATR— continued. 
 
 Effect of on foreign attachment, 4 S. & R. 557. 
 
 Effect of on partition in Common Pleas, 2 B. 1 ; 8 W. 
 
 121. 
 Effect of on writ of error, 3 S. & R. 270 ; 12 S. & R. 76 ; 
 
 2 Barr 48. 
 Effect of on motion in arrest of judgment, 1 B. 172. 
 Effect of on form of declaration, 1 Y. 324. 
 Effect of on personal contracts, 7 H. 227. 
 Effect of on proceedings in rem, 3 D. 101. 
 Effect of on ejectment, 7 S. & R. 208. 
 Effect of as to substitution of parties. See Actions 14. 
 Effect of on action for mesne profits, 3 Barr 93. 
 Effect of on action of trover, 6 S. & R. 272. 
 Effect of on action of replevin, 11 S. & R. 131; 16 S. & 
 
 R. 300. 
 Effect of on action of trespass, 13 S. & R. 414 ; 5 Barr 
 
 113. 
 Effect of on liability of surety, 9 C. 106. 
 Effect of on maker of bill or note, 16 S. & R. 157. 
 Effect of on judgment on file, 2 R. 225 ; 4 W. 325. 
 
 13. Of counsel. 
 
 Continuance of cause for, 3 D. 305. 
 
 14. Of joint debtors, 8 S. & R. 432; 3 R. 273; 2 W. 204; 
 
 4 Wh. 441 ; 1 W. & S. 112. 
 
 15. Of judge, effect of on signing bill of exceptions, 8 H. 
 
 183. 
 
 16. By negligence of railroad company, 11 H. 526 ; 7 C. 
 
 372 ; 9 C. 318 ; 1 Wr. 420 ; 7 Wr. 449 ; 8 Wr. 175. See 
 Railroad Company. 
 
 17. By negligence of employer, 8 Barr 366, 483 ; 7 H. 
 
 298; 8 H. 387; 11 H. 373, 384; 12 H. 469; 2 C. Ill; 
 6 C. 242; 7 C. 358; 2 Wr. 104; 10 ^Yr. 151, 213; 13 
 Wr. 186, 194; 14 Wr. 491. 
 
 16. Effect op on mortgage for debt of husband, 12 H. 
 491. 
 
 18. Of husband. 
 
 Effect of in action against wife, 1 W. 229. 
 
 Action by widow for death of husband, 11 Wr. 244. See 
 
 Negligence; Railroad. 
 Right of wife to dead body of, 6 Wr. 293. 
 
 DE BENE ESSE. 
 
 Appearance of counsel, 11 S. & R. 84 ; 4 Barr 501; 16 S. 
 138. 
 
DEBT. 239 
 
 DEBT. 
 
 I. Definition of, 2 D. 123 ; 1 Y. 69 ; 1 B. 254 ; 9 W. 495 ; 
 
 9 Wr. 129 ; 15 S. 126, 129. 
 
 II. Dbceee of court for payment of money is a, 9 W. 495. 
 
 III. Distinguished from advancement, 4 Wh. 130 ; 1 W. 
 & S. 390; 2 Gr. 304; 7 S. 179. 
 
 IV. "Brought in, in due and lawful time," meaning of 
 in will, 7 Wr. '278. 
 
 V. " Owing and contracting," defined, 1 Y. 520. 
 
 VI. Kelease op. 
 
 By acceptance of bequest, 4 D. 123. 
 
 By cancelling evidence of, 7 Barr 251. 
 
 By parol gift. 1 S. & R. 17 ; 3 P. & W. 412 ; 1 W. 271 ; 
 
 1 Barr 450; 7 Barr 100. 
 Attachment of, 2 D. 277, 279 ; 1 Y. 255 ; 4 Wr. 490. 
 Taxation of. 1 H. 165, 322, 325 ; 8 H. 38 ; 9 H. 413 ; 
 
 4 0. 249; 6 C. 533; 12 C. 397. 
 Purcliase of, 4 W. & S. 92 ; 1 Barr 445, 454. 
 By discharge from arrest, 2 Gr. 416. 
 
 VII. Payment of in currency of country where contract 
 
 WAS MADE, 8 S. 24. 
 
 VIII. Of bankrupt. See Bankruptcy. 
 
 IX. Of decedent. See Decedent. 
 
 X. Action of. 
 
 1. Transitory, 3 S. & R. 403, 476, 502, 503, 509; 6 S. 
 
 & R. 476; 10 S. & R. 114, 219; 2 R. 423; 1 W. 178; 
 10 W. 458. 
 
 2. On award. See Award, XIII. 1. 
 
 3. Distinguished from covenant, 1 D. 307; 2 D. 123. 
 
 4. Distinguished from assumpsit, 9 S. 301. 
 
 5. When proper remedy, 2 D. 123, 303; 4 D. 108; 1 Y. 
 
 54, 55, 70; 3 S. & R. 7, 230; 1 R. 135; 6 W. 128; 
 10 W. 380 ; 9 G. 45, 221 ; 12 C. 538 ; 8 S. 353 ; 7 
 S. 126; 13 S. 97. 
 
 7. When not proper, 12 S. & R. 16; 17 S. & R. 10; 7 
 
 W. 300; 8 W. 181; 2 J. 170. 
 
 8. Declaration in. 
 
 On bonds for purchase-money, 9 S. & R. 156; 11 S. & 
 
 R. 238. 
 For money to be repaid out of a particular fund, 4 W. & 
 
 S. 542. 
 For rent, 1 R. 185. 
 Joinder of with covenant, 7 0. 327. 
 
240 DEBT— DECEASED WITNESS. 
 
 DEBT — continued. 
 
 9. Pleas in, 1 D. 260; 2 D. 302; 2 H. 42. 
 
 10. Evidence in. 
 
 Against garnishee, 11 S. & R. 188. See Garnishee. 
 
 On specialty. See Specialty. 
 
 On property bond. See Replevin. 
 
 Against heirs on judgment against ancestor. See Heirs. 
 
 11. Set off in. See Set off. 
 
 12. Damages in. 
 
 Generally, 1 D. 260 ; 8 S. & R. 263. 
 
 On bond, 2 D. 87, 103, 262; 4 D. 149; 2 Y. 32; 4 R. 
 
 83; 3 P. & W. 96; 4 Wr. 391 ; 5 Wr. 206. 
 For purchase-money. See Porchase-money. 
 For penalty on agreement. See Penalty. 
 On official bond of bank officers. See Bank Officers, 
 
 VI. 4. 
 On official bond of administrator. See Administrator 6. 
 On official bond of sheriff. See Sheriff. 
 For escape. See Sheriff. 
 Form of verdict in, 8 S. & R. 263; 9 S. & R. 150; 2 R. 
 
 53. 
 Costs in, 1 Y. 207. 
 
 DEBTOR. 
 
 1. Insolvent. See Insolvent Debtor. 
 
 2. Not permitted to disavow contract of which he re- 
 
 ceived THE benefit, 8 S. 141. 
 
 3. Support of in prison, 3 Y. 449. 
 
 4. ' Rights under Exemption Law. See Exemption. 
 
 5. Debtor of, not liable to action, 1 D. 158. 
 
 6. Release of, effect on collateral securities held by 
 
 creditor, 2 Wr. 98. 
 
 DEBTOR AND CREDITOR. 
 
 1. Relation of, not changed without consent of debtor, 
 
 4 W. 445. 
 
 2. Relation of, established or disproved by circumstan- 
 
 tial evidence, 14 S. 117. 
 
 DEBTS "DUE." 
 
 1. In Attachment Law, meaning of, 5 H. 447. 
 
 2. "Payable in futuro" considered as, 3 C. 148. 
 
 DECEASED WITNESS. 
 
 1. Declarations of, 1 Y. 415; 6 B. 59 ; 2 S. & R. 70; 10 S. 
 
DECEASED WITNESS— DECEDENT. 241 
 
 DECEASED WWNESS— continued. 
 
 & R. 275; 1 W. & S. 245; 13 S. & R. 85; 3 C. 333; 11 
 C. 9; 4 Wr. 506; 7 S. 152; 19 S. 225. 
 
 2. Deposition of, 1 Y. 400; 2 Y. 529. 
 
 3. Testimony of eead feom notes of counsel, 17 S. & R. 
 
 409; 3 W. 465. 
 
 DECEDENT. 
 
 I. Judgment against. 
 
 1. Lien of, 17 S. & R. 121; 2 W. 53, 297; 4 W. 342, 
 
 424; 7 W. 336; 8 W. 125; 5 Wh. 321; 3 Barr 353; 
 3 H. 36 ; 10 C. 151. 
 
 2. Continued by scire facias, 5 W. 548 ; 4 W. & S. 237 ; 
 
 8 W. & S. 165 ; 9 W. & S. 131 ; 8 Barr 237 ; 1 J. 
 228 ; 2 H. 42 ; 7 H. 248. See Scike Facias. 
 
 3. Execution against, 4 W. 367 ; 8 S. 109. 
 
 4. Payment of mortgage against, 2 D. 247. 
 
 II. Assets of. 
 
 1. What are. See Assets. 
 
 2. Belong to personal representatives, 1 B. 336 ; 17 S. 
 
 & R. 144 ; 4 W. 134, 138 ; 12 H. 502. 
 
 3. Distribution of, 2 Y. 483 ; 5 B. 167 ; 17 S. & R. 31 ; 
 
 5 W. 158 ; 8 W. 482 ; 2 Wh. 444 ; 9 H. 362 ; 12 H. 492. 
 Partial, 4 Wr. 231. 
 Per stirpes, 5 Barr 264 ; 2 Wr. 430 ; 4 Wr. Ill, 115, 
 
 387 ; 3 Gr. 210 ; 2 S. 269. 
 Per capita, 2 Wh. 444; 5 Barr 458; 3 C. 55; 2 Wr. 
 
 430 ; 4 Wr. Ill, 115, 387 ; 3 Gr. 210, 212 ; 2 S. 269 ; 
 
 10 S. 380. 
 To classes, 2 R. 27; 1 C. 244; 3 C. 55; 11 C. 323; 2 
 
 S. 273, 326. 
 To heirs. See Heirs. 
 When estate is insolvent, 12 Wr. 57. 
 
 III. Estate of, not bound by judgment against executor 
 
 DE SON TORT, 7 S. & R. 192. 
 
 IV. Settlement of estate of, by heirs, 9 S. & R. 268 ; 6 
 W. 48; 5 Wh. 225; 5 W. & S. Ill; 1 C. 154; 3 G. 
 143 ; 1 Wr. 121 ; 2 S. 370 ; 17 S. 186. 
 
 V. Unexecuted contracts of. 
 
 1. As TO PERSONALTY, 1 W. 401 ; 7 W. 141 ; 9 W. 98 ; 4 
 
 W. & S. 501 ; 7 H. 227. 
 
 2. As TO REALTY, 3 Y. 317 ; 14 S. & R. 435 ; 4 W. 305 ; 7 
 
 W. 141; 9 W. & S. 177 ; 4 Barr 145 ; 7 Barr 63 ; 8 
 Barr 361 ; 1 J. 503, 510 ; 10 C. 375, 376 ; 11 S. 278. 
 16 
 
242 DECEDENT. 
 
 'DEG^BEWH— continued. 
 
 3. Proceedings to enfokce. 
 
 As to petition, 4 Barr 55 ; 7 Barr 54. 
 
 As to notice to representatives, 2 J. 15. 
 
 Not by ejectment against administrator, 5 S. 479. 
 
 In what court, 4 W. & S. 302 ; 7 Barr 53 ; 1 J. 503 : 
 
 2 H. 235; 2 Gr. 103; 11 S. 278. 
 
 Notice of taking depositions to prove, 11 Wr. 353. 
 To what cases applicable, 4 W. 302, 306 ; 4 W. & S. 228, 
 
 305 ; 9 W. & S. 177 ; 7 Barr 53 ; 7 H. 468, 469. 
 As to proof of contract, 2 Y. 317 ; 4 W. 307 ; 7 W. 
 
 141 ; 3 W. & S. 253 ; 4 Barr 54. 
 Substitute of parties on death of vendee, 10 C. 376. 
 Impeachment of, 4 W. 382. 
 Effect of decree on widow's dower, 3 R. 88 ; 7 W. 141 ; 
 
 3 Barr 377 ; 4 Barr 145 ; 9 Barr 359 ; 10 Barr 457. 
 Effect of decree on estate of grantee, 4 W. & S. 305; 
 
 2 J. 15. 
 Review of in error, 4 W. 305; 4 W. & S. 231. 
 Admissibility of record in evidence, 4 W. 382 ; 2 J. 15. 
 VI. Debts oe. 
 
 1. What claims are, 1 H. 101 ; 2 S. 295. 
 
 2. Rank as at time of death, 1 B. 221 : 4 W. & S. 314: 
 
 5 C. 360. 
 
 3. Lien op, 1 D. 481; 2 D. 191, 244; 4 D. 119; 1 Y. 
 
 189, 238, 243, 383; 2 Y. 54, 70; 4 Y. 479; 1 B. 221; 
 1 S. & R. 453; 16 S. & R. 309; 17 S. & R. 121 ; 2 
 R. 292; 2 P. & W. 94; 1 W. 9; 2 W. 53; 4 W. 13 ; 
 
 6 W. 22, 32; 7 W. 217, 225; 9 W. 523; 1 Wh. 56, 
 66, 455; 1 W. & S. 208,293; 5 W. & S. 373, 397; 6 
 W. & S. 118; 7 W. & S. 458, 463; 8 W. & S. 165; 9 
 W. & S. 13; 2 Barr 112; 3 Barr 351; 8 Barr 233, 
 508; 9 Barr 249; 2 J. 64; 2 H. 359; 3 H. 36; 5 H. 
 416; 9 H. 280; 11 H. 96; 12 H. 143; 5 C. 360; 7 
 C. 45, 53; 11 C. 259; 3 Wr. 358; 5 Wr. 169; 7 Wr. 
 155, 468; 11 Wr. 424; 14 Wr. 528; 3 Gr. 192; 11 
 S. 9; 13 S. 242, 244; 15 S. 473. 
 
 4. Preservation op lien against. 
 
 By agreement of representatives, 14 S. & R. 253; 5 Barr 
 
 103, 106. 
 By suit, 2 P. & W. 95 ; 1 W. 9; 2 W. 53; 4 W. 429; 7 
 
 W. 217, 225; 9 W. 623; 7 W. & S. 458; 8 W. & S. 
 
 170; 9 W. & S. 13; 8 Barr 233; 9 Barr 249; 1 J. 
 
 22, 441; 5 H. 416; 5 C. 237; 15 S. 473. 
 By voluntary payments by executor, 5 W^. & S. 397; S 
 
 Barr 233; 5 C. 237;* 7 Wr. 155. 
 
DECEDENT— DECLARATION. 243 
 
 DEGEDEWr—contmued. 
 
 By order for sale of real estate of deceased, 19 S. 295. 
 By substituting administrator of defendant in pendiiig 
 suit, 8 Barr 233. 
 
 5. Limitation to action for, 1 Wh. 66, 455 ; 5 H. 416 ; 
 
 9 H. 80;'ll H. 96; 2 J. 64; 5 C. 360; 7 C. 45, 53 ; 
 11 C. 259; 7 Wr. 165, 468; 14 Wr. 528; 11 S. 9; 13 
 S. 244. See ante, VI. 3. 
 
 6. Assignment of, 5 Wr. 297. 
 
 7. Payment of. 
 Proof of, 5 B. 490. 
 
 Priority as to, 2 D. 263; 2 Y. 453, 483; 4 Y. 493; 11 
 S. & R. 182; 13 S. & R. 299; 17 S. & R. 292; 2 
 R. 254: 3 P. & W. 265; 2 Wh. 394; 4 W. & S. 
 314; 5 H. 416; 10 C. 151. 
 
 Out of personaltv, 2 Y. 65 ; 1 S. & R. 453 ; 17 S. & R. 426. 
 
 Out of realty, 6 W. 32; 8 W. & S. 165; 5 Barr 106. 
 
 Interest on, 4 W. 71. 
 
 By surety of, 2 W. 71. 
 
 8. Parties, to action founded on, 5 W. 548; 8 W. & S. 
 
 165; 9 W. & S. 13, 16; 2 Barr 113; 9 Barr 249; 2 
 H. 121; 7 H. 395; 1 C. 457; 5 C. 242. 
 
 9. Effect of judicial sale on, 1 Y. 383, 553; 4 Y. 470; 
 
 13 S. & R. 9; 8 W. & S. 165; 9 W. & S. 16, 116; 2 
 Barr 112 ; 10 Barr 265 ; 7 H. 395 ; 1 C. 457 ; 9 Wr. 435. 
 
 DECEIT. 
 Action for. 
 
 On sale of personal property, 3 Y. 262; 4 Y. 522; 9 W. 
 
 55; 6 Barr 310; 7 Barr 293; 4 H. 200. 
 On sale of real estate, 2 Wh.'409 ; 8 Barr 426. 
 Joinder of counts in action for, 11 Wr. 480. 
 Abatement of action by death of party, 7 0. 533. 
 Evidence in, 2 H. 139; 11 H. 178; 12 H. 347; 1 J. 278; 
 1 Wr. 147; 10 Wr. 55; 8 S. 126. 
 
 DECLARATION. 
 
 I. Of parties. See Admissions and Declarations. 
 
 II. Of trust. See Trusts. 
 
 III. Of wife as to money secured for her in Orphans' 
 Court, 4 D. 304; 6 S. & R. 267; 9 W. 529; 1 J. 272; 
 4 H. 353; 11 H. 85; 2 C. 388; 19 S. 219. See Married 
 Women. 
 
 IV. In suit or action. 
 
 1. When necessary, 4 Y. 337; 8 S. & R. 502; 4 AV. 2h7. 
 
 2. When unnecessary, 3 Y. 149; 6 B. 177; 1 S. & R. 
 
 19; 8 S. & R. 263; 14 S. & R. 162. 
 
-'44 DECLAKATION. 
 
 DEGLAJiATlO^— continued. 
 
 3. jukisdiction given by. see jurisdiction. 
 
 4. Requisites of. 
 
 As to cause of action, 3 S. & R. 564 ; 8 S. & R. 16; 17 
 
 S. k R. 43, 260; 3 W. 255, 270; 3 Barr 342; 2 J. 
 
 243; 10 C. 324; 10 Wr. 286; 2 Gr. 257, 393; 1 S. 
 
 315; 5 S. 359. 
 As to breach of contract, 4 D. 438; 4 Y. 283; 2 B. 287; 
 
 3 S. & R. 364; 5 S. & R. 444; 9 S. & R. 63; 13 S. 
 
 & R. 186; 2 P. & W. 507; 8 W. 159; 9 H. 390; 10 
 
 Wr. 286; 2 Gr. 257. 
 Each count is a separate cause of action, 14 S. T9. 
 Where injury is continuing, 2 R. 280. See Continuando. 
 As to joinder of parties, 1 B. 575; 3 B. 555; 10 S. & R. 
 
 213 ; 14 S. & R. Ill ; 2 W. & S. 360 ; 1 W. 229 ; 2 W. 
 
 371; 4 W. 456; 2 W. & S. 327 ; 5 Barr 103, 113, 
 
 287; 2H. 42; 9 H. 349; 13 Wr. 277; 1 Gr. 21; 3 
 
 Gr. 51; 12 S. 393. 
 As to joinder of counts, 3 D. 389; 4 Y. 109, 423; 2 S. 
 
 & R. 368; 10 S. & R. 234; 13 S. & R. 441 ; 14 S. 
 
 •& R. 226; 16 S. & R. 242; 1 P. & W. 161; 7 W. 
 
 175; 3 Wh. 336; 3 W. & S. 64; 5 W. & S. 35; 2 
 
 Barr 446; 2 H. 352; 5 H. 248; 9 R. 417; 7 C. 
 
 327; 9 C. 44; 11 Wr. 480; 14 Wr. 281; 16 S. 384. 
 Misjoinder, how taken advantage of, 15 S. 507. 
 When time is material in, 2 Y. 334, 374, 446; 1 S. & 
 
 R. 309; 3 S. & R. 564; 8 S. & R. 134. 
 Where all defendants are not summoned, 11 S. & R. 357. 
 After death of plaintiff, 1 Y. 324. 
 In action against husband and wife, 3 B. 656 ; 11 C. 384 ; 
 
 1 Wr. 261. See Husband and Wife, I. 1. 
 In action by administrator cum testamento annexo, 3 S. 
 
 & R. 44. 
 In action against administrators, 13 S. & R. 441 ; 10 
 
 Wr. 465. 
 In action on penal bill, 1 D. 461. 
 In action on penal statute, 7 W. 181. 
 As to damages, 8 Barr 13. 
 Remedy where declaration is informal, 10 Barr 364; 
 
 H. 243; 3 C. 263; 17 S. & R. 116; 4 W. & S. 273. 
 
 5. Objection to. 
 
 When to be made, 3 C. 263. 
 Waiver of, 8 H. 432. 
 
 6. Amendment of. See Amendment. 
 
 7. Withdrawal after award and appeal, 1 Wh. 10. 
 
 8. Withdrawal, effect op, on bill of exceptions, 12 
 
 H. 292. 
 
DECLARATION— DEDICATION OP LAND. 245 
 
 DECLARATION— eowimwed 
 
 9. Election as to one op several declarations piled, 
 2 Barr 84; 8 Barr 454. 
 
 10. Defects in cured by verdict. See Verdict. 
 
 11. Power of court to strike out scandalous matter, 
 
 2 S. & R. 537. 
 
 12. Filing op. 
 
 Not a waiver of bail, 2 D. 141. 
 
 In order to take judgment for default of appearance, 8 
 W. & S. 43; 9 Barr 164; 18 S. 83. 
 
 Leave of court for presumed, 13 S. & R. 45; 7 Barr 126, 
 492; 3 H. 188. 
 
 After death of plaintiff, 1 Y. 324. 
 
 After appeal, 5 W. & S. 33; 4 Barr 197, 242. See Ap- 
 peal, 18. 
 
 After award on statement, 4 Barr 242. 
 
 Effect of omission to file, 3 S. & R. 250. 
 
 13. Loss of how supplied, 6 Barr 51; 7 Barr 392; 3 C. 
 
 427. 
 
 14. Demurrer to. See Demurrer. 
 
 DECREE. 
 
 1. Op Court of Equity. 
 
 Conclusiveness of, 2 D. 103; 9 S. & R. 252; 1 W. 149; 
 
 5 W. 120; 2 C, 78; 6 C. 194; 12 C. 392; 10 S. 
 
 187; 12 S. 118; 18 S. 34. 
 Against contract of parties, 4 D. 346. See Contract 
 
 II. 24. 
 Form of, 1 H. 67; 8 S. 156. 
 Reversal of, 3 D. 101, 102; 2 Barr 116; 9 Barr 416; 
 
 4 Wr. 151 ; 7 Wr. 102, 278 ; 13 Wr. 143 ; 14 Wr. 17. 
 Rescission of, 3 Wr. 443. 
 Enforcement of, 6 W. 68; 9 W. 495; 1 P. & W. 222; 10 
 
 Barr 274; 8 Wr. 247. 
 As to costs, 7 S. 248. 
 Action on foreign decree in, 9 S. & R. 252. 
 
 2. Of court of admiralty. See Admiralty. 
 
 DEDICATION OF LAND. /S'ee Cemetery; School-house; 
 Way. 
 1. To public use, 1 J. 444, 449; 7 W. 450; 4 H. 79 ; 12 
 
 C. 62; 5 W. & S. 141; 5 Wr. 63, 68. 
 2*. Effect of NON USER, 1 R. 218; 3 R. 82; lWh.229; 5 
 Wh. 584; 1 J. 444; 1 S. 43; 17 S. 9; 19 S. 93. 
 
 3. To private purposes, 4 H. 79; 12 C. 62. See Easement. 
 
2-1:6 DK BONIS CONDITIOxNTAEILIS— DEEDS. 
 
 DE DONIS CONDITIONABILIS. 
 
 Effect of Act of April 27, 1855, on statute, 7 S. 384. 
 
 DEEDS. 
 
 I. Form of. 
 
 1. When only a mortgage security, 5 B. 499; 3 W. 188; 
 
 6 W. 120, 407; 7 W. 372; 3 W. &S. 384; 8C.250; 9 
 C. 158; 5Wr. 256; 14 Wr. 609; 17 S. 96 ; 19 S. 380. 
 
 2. As TO PARTIES, 6 W. & S. 190. 
 
 3. Distinguished prom devise, 2 D. 202; 2 II. 489; 1 
 
 S. 119, 126. 
 
 4. As TO date, 4 Y. 279. 
 
 II. Consideration. 
 
 1. Necessity for, 1 B. 1, 4; 1 W. & S. 395; 4 W. & S. 
 
 192; 8 C. 287. See Consideration. 
 
 2. How EXPRESSED, 4 Y. 96,98; IW. &S. 395; 8C. 287; 
 
 5 S. 504. 
 
 3. What is sufficient, 1 W. & S. 445. 
 
 4. Effect of error in, 9 H. 402. 
 
 5. Proof of, 3 S. & R. 355; 7 S. & R. 309; 10 S. & R. 
 
 63; 2 R. 114; 1 P. & W. 480, 486; 3 W. 151; 4 W. 
 329, 362; 7 W. & S. 440; 1 Wh. 432; 5 Barr 145, 
 151; 2 J. 116; 6 H. 109; 1 C. 360; 11 C. 212; 12 
 Wr. 491; 5 S. 504; 7 S. 410. 
 
 III. As to subject matter. 
 
 1. Description of property, 3 B. 21 ; 6 S. & R. 488 ; 12 
 
 S. & R. 269; 17 S. & R. 104; 3 P. & W. 458; 2 
 Barr 165 ; 3 Barr 21 ; 4 Barr 480 ; 8 Ban- 147 ; 2 J. 
 108; 2 H. 28; 17 S. 217; 18 S. 279. 
 
 2. As TO boundaries, 7 S. & R. 152 ; 3 P. & W. 313, 458 ; 
 
 2 W. & S. 126; 8 Barr 147; 3 H. 218; 1 C. 85; 3 C. 
 172; 9 C. 386, 394; 18 S. 279; 19 S. 342; 20 S. 67. 
 
 3. As TO HABENDUM, 3 W. & S. 160; 1 H. 544; 6 Wr. 
 
 374; 20 S. 235. 
 
 4. As TO RECITAL. See Recital. 
 
 5. As TO COVENANTS. See Covenant. 
 
 6. As RESERVATIONS, 1 B. 108; 10 S. & R. 357 ; 11 S. & 
 
 R. 257: 1 R. 349; 1 Wh. 323; 2 W. & S. 122; 3 W. 
 
 6 S. 358; 5 W. & S. 129; 7 W. & S. 184, 394; 9 
 Barr 73; 3 H. 370; 5 H. 384; 8 H. 370; 11 H. 279: 
 10 Wr. 197; 11 Wr. 376; 1 Gr. 245; 1 S. 126; 20 
 S. 57. 
 
 7. As TO WARRANTY. See Covenant ; Warranty. 
 
DEEDS. 247 
 
 DEEDS — continued. 
 
 8. As TO CONDITIONS IN, 2 W. & S. 88 ; 10 Ban- 77; 3 H. 
 296; 1 Wr. 521; 5 Wr. 256, 341; 13 Wr. 289; 8 H. 
 248; 3 C. 123; 1 S. 119; 20 S. 235. See Condition. 
 
 IV. Execution of. 
 
 1. As TO SEAL OF VENDOR, 1 D. 63 ; 1 B. 90 ; 1 S. & R. 72 ; 
 
 4 R. 165; 8 W. 382. 
 
 2. By agent or attorney, 2 S. & R. 80; 5 S. & R. 427; 
 
 15 S. & R. 45 ; 7 W. 116 ; 1 W. & S. 328 ; 1 S. 276. 
 
 3. By husband and wife, 1 B. 231; 9 W. 90; 3 Wh. 456; 
 
 4 Barr 228 ; 7 Barr 233, 287, 530; 4 H. 361, 384; 6 
 H. 506, 508 ; 7 H. 361 ; 12 H. 18 ; 1 C. 81, 144, 326 ; 
 3 C. 213; 5 C. 385; 9 C. 118; 2 Gr. 84. 
 
 4. As TO mental and physical condition of grantor, 
 
 3 Wh. 371; 6 Barr 371; 11 H. 117; 1 Gr. 253. See 
 Lunatic and Drunkard; Contract, II. 29. 
 
 5. Proof of, 1 D. 123; 2 D. 96; 4 Y. 271, 278; 4 B. 204; 
 
 1 S. & R. 72, 275; 2 S. & R. 46, 80, 82; 4 S. & R. 
 290; 6 S. & R. 12; 3 P. & W. 136; 8 W. & S. 172; 
 
 4 Barr 24; 6 Barr 368; 7 Barr 75; 2 H. 361. 
 
 6. Presumption in favor op, 1 Y.-586; 2 Y. 73; 2 B. 
 
 468; 6B. 114; 1 W. & S. 324; 4 W. & S. 297 ; 5W. 
 & S. 266 ; 7 W. & S. 215. 
 
 7. As to foreign deed, 8 W. & S. 542 ; 6 H. 171. 
 
 V. Receipt on for purchase-money, 3 S. & R. 356; 7 S. & 
 
 R. 309; 3 P. & W. 136; 4 W. 362; 1 Wh. 431, 432; 
 5 Barr 145, 151; 6 H. 109; 9 H. 580; 1 C. 360; 4 
 C. 419; 10 Wr. 62; 3 Gr. 42; 4 S. 9. 
 
 VI. Acknowledgment of. 
 
 1. Necessity for, 3 Y. 186 ; 2 B. 40 ; 5 Barr 145 ; 11 
 
 C. 269. 
 
 2. Out of the Commonwealth, 1 D. 66 ; 3 Y. 424, 429 ; 
 
 5 B. 296; 8 S. & R. 268, 299, 303, 304; 1 W. & S. 
 83; 7 W. & S. 440; 2 H. 364; 6 H. 101; 11 H. 
 231 ; 6 S. 57 ; 13 S. 142. 
 
 3. Out of proper county, 1 S. & R. 102 ; 7 S. & R. 43. 
 
 4. In foreign country, 1 D. 63, 93 ; 7 S. & R. 163 ; 4 
 
 R. 163 ; 7 W. 334 ; 6 S. 132. 
 
 5. By agent or factor, 1 S. & R. 45 ; 2 S. & R. 80 ; 5 
 
 S. & R. 421. See Agent, 3. 
 
 6. By infant, 9 Barr 14. 
 
 7. By married WOMAN, ID. 11, 17; 1 B. 231,470; 2 B. 341; 
 
 6B. 435; 5 S. & R. 289, 523; 6 S. & R. 49, 143; 7 S. 
 
248 DEEDS. 
 
 DEEDS — continued. 
 
 & R. 43 ; 9 S. & R. 268 ; 14 S. & R. 84 ; 15 S. & R. 
 45, 73; IR. 231; 9 W. 90; 2 Wh. 11; 3 Wh. 460; 
 4 Wh. 453; 4 Barr 228; 7 Barr 287, 530; 9 Barr 
 
 14 ; 2 J. 276; 1 H. 344; 4 H. 484, 532; 6 H. 506, 
 508; 7 H. 361; 12 H. 18, 253; 1 0. 81, 326; 3 C. 
 22, 25, 170; 5 C. 385; 9 C. 118; 11 C. 384: 1 Wr. 
 87; 3 Wr. 337; 4 Wr. -37, 140; 8 Wr. 224, 413; 10 
 Wr. 445, 455; 12 Wr. 130; 1 S. 289, 309, 310; 15 
 S. 383. See Married Women. 
 
 9. By party after suit, 3 P. & W. 132, 136. 
 
 10. By party after execution by agent, 11 H. 231. 
 
 11. Waiver of irregularity in, 2 H. 361. 
 
 12. Not affected by misdescription in deed, 2 Barr 165. 
 
 13. Effect of, on receipt for purchase-money, 3 P. & W. 
 
 136. 
 
 14. Proof of. 
 
 By affidavit of subscribing witness, 4 S. & R. 290; 3 P. 
 
 & W. 136; 11 H. 244,247. 
 When magistrate before whom it was made is deceased, 2 
 
 R. 70. 
 
 15. Act of February 19, 1835, validating, construed, 7 
 
 W. 261. 
 
 16. Effect of defective, 3 Y. 271 ; 1 B. 1 ; 2 B. 40, 341 : 
 
 15 S. & R. 72; 16 S. & R. 35. 
 
 17. Fraudulent, 2 Wr. 334; 1 S. 289. 
 
 18. Before whom made, 1 D. 93; 1 S. & R. 101, 105; 7 
 
 S. &R. 43; 7 W. 227; 1 H. 147. 
 
 19. Certificate of. 
 
 Requisites of, 1 D. 63, 93; IB. 470, 480; 5 B. 301; 6 
 
 B. 133, 435; 4 S. & R. 272; 5 S. & R. 289; 6 S. 
 
 & R. 49, 143; 7 S. & R. 163, 313; 8 S. & R. 268 ; 
 
 9 S. & R. 268, 273; 11 S. & R. 347; 13 S. & 
 
 R. 386; 14 S. & R. 84; 17 S. & R. 70; 1 W. 322; 
 
 2 W. 31; 7 W. 331; 3 Wh. 457; 5 W. & S. 223; 3 
 
 H. 452; 11 H. 231. 
 Proof of, 5 W. 219; 7 W. 565; 8 W. 542; 4 S. 75. 
 Interlineation in, 1 W. & S. 328. 
 Conclusiveness of, 3 Wh. 457; 15 S. & R. 72 ; 9 Barr 14; 
 
 4 H. 632 ; 3 C. 22 ; 2 Wr. 237 ; 1 S. 289 ; 13 S. 142. 
 Parol explanation of, 5 B.470; 9 S. & R. 268; 15 S. & 
 
 R. 72; 7 W. 334; 3 Wh. 457; 9 Barr 14. 
 As to seal of officer, 7 W. 565; 8 W. 542; 1 W. & S. 83; 
 
 11 H. 231. 
 
DEEDS. 249 
 
 DEEDS — confmued. 
 
 When evidence, 2 Wr. 334 ; 1 S. 289. 
 Acts of Assembly validating, construed, 15 S. & R. 72 ; 
 7 W. & S. 444; 2 H. 861, 364. 
 
 VII. Delivery of. 
 
 1. Necessity for, 1 P. & W. 32; 4 W. 180; 5 W. 343; 8 
 
 W. 9; 10 Barr 285; 12 H. 100; 11 C. 269. 
 
 2. Absolute, 4 W. 180; 10 Barr 285; 5 Wr. 256; 12 Wr. 
 
 382; 9 S. 267. 
 
 3. Conditional, 2W. 359; 10 Barr 285. 
 
 4. In escrow. 10 Barr 285; 2 W. 359; 1 Wr. 87; 5 S. 
 
 275; 14 S. 260. 
 
 5. To agent for transmission, 6 W. & S. 329. 
 
 6. To third party on request of grantee, 1 C. 100. 
 
 7. After death of grantor, 10 C. 24. 
 
 8. By grantor after execution by agent, 11 H. 231. 
 
 9. Proof of, 2 D. 96; 6 B. 416; 2 S. & R. 72 ; 9 S. & 
 
 R. 268; 1 P. & W. 32, 402, 407; 7 W. 217; 8 W. 9 
 3 Wh. 475; 4 Wh. 382; 2 Barr 191 ; 10 Barr 285 
 2 H. 91, 361, 519; 7 H. 194; 12 H. 100; 1 C. 259 
 2 C. 422; 3 C. 30, 90; 4 S. 20; 14 S. 260. 
 
 10. Inference as to. 
 
 From date, 1 P. & W. 402. 
 
 From recording, 1 P. & W. 32 ; 2 H. 361, 519; 10 C. 
 
 252; 13 Wr. 127. 
 What will rebut presumption of, 10 0. 252. 
 
 11. Effect of on previous stipulations. See Merger. 
 
 12. Effect on as to title, 12 C. 383. 
 
 13. Effect of without receipt of purchase-money, 1 C. 
 
 100. 
 
 14. Effect of memoranda on after delivery, 1 Barr 208. 
 
 15. Use not transferred until payment or security of 
 
 consideration, 10 C. 252. 
 Revocation of, 2 H. 489; 1 S. 119, 126; 9 S. 9. 
 To corporation, 2 W. & S. 74. 
 To husband and wife, 1 Barr 176; 3 C. 504. 
 By married woman, 3 Y. 507 ; 1 H. 185. 
 Tender of. See Tender. 
 Acceptance of. See Acceptance of Deed. 
 
 VIII. Recording. 
 
 1. When proof op delivery, 1 P. & W. 32 ; 2 H. 516 ; 2 
 
 Gr. 459. 
 
 2. Where to be recorded, 5 C. 316. 
 
250 DEEDS. 
 
 DEEDS — continued. 
 
 3. As TO DEEDS MADE WITHOUT THE STATE, 13 S. 142. 
 
 4. What to be eecorded, 2 Y. 259 ; 4 B. 140; 1 R. 131; 
 
 4 R. 444; 2 W. 75; 7 W. 163; 10 W. 13 ; 7 W. & 
 S. 14, 16; 6 H. 60, 394. 
 
 5. Verity as a record not imparted by, 17 S. 428. 
 
 6. Effect op, as notice to subsequent purchasers, 1 D. 
 
 68; 4D. 153; 1 Y. 172; 2 Y. 259; 3 Y. 186, 360; 
 4 Y. Ill; 2 B. 40, 497; 2 S. & R. 455; 5 S. & R. 
 246; 6 S. & R. 179, 559; 17 S. & R. 170; 2 P. & 
 "W. 448; 8 P. & W. 160 ; 3 W. 75 ; 7 W. 86, 90, 261 ; 
 
 9 W. 510; 10 W. 13, 407; 1 Wh. 432; 4 Wh. 264, 
 265; 4 W. & S. 102, 307; 5 W. & S. 49, 7 W. & S. 
 209; 7 Ban- 223, 233; 4 H. 857; 3 C. 172; 11 C. 
 269; 1 Gr. 429; 9 S. 167; 18 S. 142. 
 
 7. Effect of, as to judgment creditors, 4 Y. Ill ; 2 B. 
 
 40. 
 
 8. Notice, before enactment of the Recording Acts, 5 
 
 B. 154. 
 
 9. Notice of unrecorded, 4 D. 153; 1 Y. 162, 574; 2 B. 
 
 497; 4 B. 147; 5 B. 129; 2 S. & R. 44, 455; 5 S. 
 & R. 246, 257 ; 6 S. & R. 179 ; 10 S. & R. 39 ; 11 S. 
 
 6 R. 889; 1 R. 390; 3 P. & W. 67, 160; 2 W. 75; 
 
 7 W. 167, 267, 274, 887 ; 10 W. 67, 407 ; 1 Wh. 303 ; 
 4 Wh. 264, 265 ; 4 W. & S. 102; 5 W. & S. 284, 285; 
 6 W. & S. 469; 7 W. & S. 440; 8 W. & S. 96; 3 
 Barr 242; 4 Barr 178; 10 H. 120; 11 H. 446; 5 C. 
 316; 6 C. 393; 1 Gr. 266; 11 Wr. 96. 
 
 10. Notice given by defectively recorded deed, 2 P. & 
 
 W. 438; 11 C. 269. 
 
 11. Effect of priority in recording, 10 W. 407 ; 4 W. 
 
 & S. 307; 5 W. & S. 49. 
 
 12. Effect of omission to record. 3 Y. 186; 4 B. 140; 
 
 10 W. 407; 4 W. & S. 307 ; 5 W. & S. 49; 6 0. 393; 
 9 C. 85; 11 Wr. 96 ; 1 Gr. 429; 4 S. 9. 
 
 13. When unnecessary. See Possession. 
 
 14. Exemplification of record when evidence. See Ex- 
 
 emplification. 
 IX. What will avoid deed. 
 
 1. Misrepresentation and fraud, 4 D. 450; 4 Y. 299; 
 12 H. 347; 5 S. 504. 
 ■ 2. Duress or threats, 12 H. 347; 4 Wr. 474. 
 
 3. Alteration, 1 D. 67; 4 B. 1,4; 10 S. & R. 171, 424; 
 
DEEDS. 251 
 
 DEEDS — continued. 
 
 14 S. & R. 422; 16 S. & R. 44; 1 W. 236; 4 Wh. 
 382 ; 6 W. & S. 190 ; 2 Barr 191 ; 5 Barr 279 ; 3 H. 
 402; 11 H. 244; 8 Wr. 492. See Alteration. 
 
 4. Geoss inadequacy of price, 12 H. 347. 
 
 5. Forgery, 6 Wr. 143. 
 
 6. Erasure, 4 Wh. 114; 8 W. & S. 172. 
 
 7. Fraudulent filling of blank, 4 Wh. 382. 
 
 8. Cancellation, 4 H. 59 ; 4 Wr. 474. See Cancella- 
 
 tion, III. 
 
 9. Enfeebled mind and health op grantor, 8 S. 477. 
 
 10. Insanity of grantor, 5 Wh. 371 ; 6 Barr 371; 11 H. 
 
 117. See also, Lunatics and Drunkards. 
 
 11. Uncertainty in grant, 10 Wr. 200. 
 
 12. Destruction by grantee, 3 S. 313. 
 
 X. Ratification of void deed. See Ratification. 
 
 XI. Construction of. 
 
 1. General rules for, 4 D. 347; 1 Y. 132; 1 S. & R. 
 
 376; 3 W. & S. 303, 312, 360; 6 Barr 390; 7 Barr 
 331; 8 H. 373; 12 H. 392; 5 C. 308, 309; 7 C. 475; 
 9 C. 124; 12 C. 24; 6 Wr. 387; 9 S. 267; 11 S. 283, 
 287; 18 S. 460; 20 S. 367. 
 
 2. Governed by laiy of situs, 6 II. 170. 
 
 3. When only an agreement to convey, 1 Y. 120, 328, 
 
 393; 6 W. 126; 18 S. 460. 
 
 4. As TO USE OF technical phrases in, 9 H. 343; 1 S. 282. 
 
 5. When unambiguous, 3 W. & S. 303. 
 
 6. When ambiguous, 9 H. 263; 6 Wr. 374; 11 S. 283. 
 
 7. As to meaning of grant, bargain and sale, 4 D. 440 ; 
 
 4 Y. 295; 2 B. 29,95,108; 1 S. & R. 52; 11 S. & R. 
 108; 1 R. 377; 13 P. & W. 313; 2 W. & S. 81; 4 
 W. & S. 192; 8 S.480. 
 
 8. As TO conditions, 7 W. 144; 9 W. 115; 4 Wr. 132; 5 
 
 Wr. 841; 1 S. 119. 
 
 9. As TO USE OF GRANT AND ENFEOFF IN, 16 S. & R. 98. 
 
 10. As TO BOUNDARY, 6 S. & R. 488; 11 S. & R. 257; 10 
 
 Barr 136 ; 12 H. 207 ; 10 Wr. 477 ; 12 Wr. 253 ; 19 S. 
 342. /S'ee Alley; Street. 
 
 11. As TO PROPERTY PASSED BY, 5 S. & R. 107; 12 S. k 
 
 R. 269; 2 R. 114; 3 W. & S. 567; 20 S. 367. 
 
 12. As TO REPUGNANT CLAUSES, 6 Wr. 374. 
 
 13. As TO STREET APPURTENANCES, 12 H. 207. 
 
252 DEEDS— DE FACTO. 
 
 DEEDS — continued. 
 
 14. When accompanied by declaeation of trust, 4 
 
 W. & S. 192 ; 2 H. 489. 
 
 15. Where habendum and premises dipper, 6 Wr. 374. 
 
 16. When an easement is appended to, 10 W. 422. 
 
 17. Where operation is suspended until after death 
 
 OF grantee, 2 H. 489; 1 S. 119, 126. 
 
 18. M to use OF WORD HEIRS, 8 W. 67 ; IS. 28. 
 
 19. As TO USE of words tenants IN common, 6 W. & S. 319. 
 
 20. As to what included in general terms, 7 Barr 478; 
 
 10 Wr. 200; 1 S. 283. 
 
 21. As TO power op appointment, 13 Wr. 256. See Power. 
 
 22. When a covenant to stand seized to uses, 18 S. 
 
 460. 
 
 23. As to condition in restraint op alienation, 10 W. 
 
 328; 7 H. 369; 9 C. 89; 12 C..407; 7 Wr. 528; 10 
 Wr. 485; 8 S. 211; 7 S. 213; 10 S. 155. 
 
 24. Explanation of by parol, 1 H. 344; 9 H. 263; 8 C. 
 
 250; 12Wr. 491; 1 Gr. 301, 304; IS. 282. See 
 Parol Evidence. 
 
 XII. Recovery op in trover, 2 Y. 537. 
 
 XIII. Stamp on, 12 Wr. 463 ; 6 S. 224. 
 
 XIV. Admissibility op in evidence. 
 
 1. Generally, 1 D. 14, 64, 93, 123, 160; 1 Y. 162, 440; 
 
 2 Y. 226, 219, 473; 3 Y. 424; 1 B. 118, 188; 4 B. 
 ' 198, 204; 2 S. & R. 84, 472; 3 S. & R. 64; 7 S. & 
 R. 156, 313: 10 S. & R. 9,197, 239; 16 S. &R.44; 
 2 R. 104; 3R. 283; 3 W. 95, 132, 136; 5 W. 13; 7 
 W. 565; 8 W. 380, 542; 10 W. 185, 289, 456; 1 
 Wh. 22; 3 Wh. 537; 1 W. & S. 83, 533; 7 W. & S. 
 394; 5 W. & S. 60; 2 H. 91; 4 H. 220; 5 H. 344; 
 5 Wr. 206, 256; 4 S. 76: 7 S. 397; 14 S. 465; 17 S. 
 217. 
 
 2. Production of on trial, 2 D. 333; 2 Y. 119, 473. 
 
 3. Proof of execution a matter for the court, 14 S. 
 
 465. 
 
 4. Parol evidence of contents of, 4 D. 132. 
 
 XV. Deed poll, covenant on, 7 Barr 331. 
 
 DE FACTO. 
 
 ' Who are, 2 W. & S. 37; 4 W. & S. 424; 6 W. & S. 513; 1 
 C. 30; 5 S. 468; 6 S. 436. 
 
DE FACTO— DEFENDANT. 253 
 
 DE FACTO— continued. 
 
 Powers of, 11 S. & R. 411 ; 4 R. 9 ; 5 S. 468. 
 2. Courts. See Courts. 
 
 DEFALCATION. 
 
 Act of 1705 as to, construed, 12 S. & R. 143; 7 H. 95; 9 S. 
 450. See Set-off. 
 
 DEFAMATION. See Slander. 
 
 DEFAULTER. 
 
 Liability of surety of, 9 Wr. 507. 
 
 DEFAULT OF APPEARANCE. See Appearance. 
 
 DEFEASANCE. 
 
 With deed, 6 W. 120 ; 10 W. 328 ; 3 H. 296 ; 7 H. 369; 8 C. 
 250 ; 12 C. 407 ; 7 Wr. 146 ; 14 Wr. 509 ; 2 S. 287. See 
 Deed, I. 1. 
 
 DEFECTIVE GOODS. 
 
 1. Action for price of, 6 B. 198 ; 1 H. 56; 1 S. 259. 
 
 2. Defence to action, 7 H. 375 ; 8 H. 448 ; 10 C. 236 ; 1 
 
 Wr. 148; 1 S. 259. 
 
 DEFECTIVELY EXPRESSED INTENTION IN WILL. 
 See Will. 
 
 DEFECTIVE TITLE. 
 
 1. Tender of, 11 S. & R. 168. 
 
 2. Waiver of, 5 H. 434. 
 
 3. Proof of, 10 Wr. 96. 
 
 4. Damages for, 1 Wr. 309, 318 ; 10 Wr. 229. See Case ; 
 
 Covenant. 
 
 5. Defence to action for purchase-money. See Pur- 
 
 chase-money. 
 
 DEFECTIVE WORKMANSHIP. 
 Action for, 5 Wr. 102; 12 Wr. 309. 
 
 DEFENCE. 
 
 Arising after suit, 4 S. & R. 238; 11 S. & R. 146; 4 R. 83; 
 1 W. 271; 2 W. 451; 9 W. 142; 2 J. 339. 
 
 DEFENDANT. 
 
 1. Suit continued for absence of, 1 D. 450; 2 D. 109, 
 
 182. See Continuance. 
 
 2. Right of to plead, 4 D. 205; 1 Y. 38; 6 B. 55. 
 
 3. Not heard on oath in criminal case, 1 D. 239; 2 D. 
 
 189; 1 Y. 186. 
 
254 DEFENDANT— DELIVERY. 
 
 DEFENDANT— cowfOTMecZ. 
 
 . 4. Tkial where one of several has confessed judgment, 
 14 Wr. 281. See Jodsment, I. 3, 4. 
 
 5. Appeal by one for several. See Appeal. 
 
 6. Discharge by court of one of several, 14 Wr. 461. 
 
 DEFICIENCY. 
 
 In quantity on sale of land. 
 
 Effect of in action for purchase-money. See Purchase- 
 money. 
 
 DEFINITE FAILURE. 
 
 Of issue, 1 S. & R. 144; 10 S. & R. 296, 429; 17 S. & R. 
 441; 9 W. 450; 7 W. & S. 96; 4 H. 95; 2 Wr. 166; 
 10 Wr. 274. 
 
 DE INJURIA. 
 
 Evidence under plea of, 8 Barr 454. 
 
 DELAWARE AND HUDSON CANAL COMPANY. 
 
 1. Power op as to tolls, 9 H. 131. 
 
 2. Taxation of, 3 H. 351 ; 7 Wr. 227. 
 
 3. Manner of assessing land damages, 11 S. 265. 
 
 4. Contract with Pennsylvania Coal Company, con- 
 
 strued, 7 Wr. 295. 
 
 DELAWARE AND SCHUYLKILL CANAL COMPANY. 
 
 Right to land acquired under charter, 8 W. 200. 
 
 DELAWARE DIVISION CANAL COMPANY. 
 
 1. Taxation of, 14 Wr. 399. 
 
 2. Duty of as to bridges, 1 Y. 430. 
 
 3. Liability of as to sale of easements, 8 H. 200. 
 
 DELAWARE RIVER. 
 
 1. Within admiralty jurisdiction, 1 D. 49. 
 
 2. Bed of belongs to New Jersey and Pennsylvania, 11 
 
 S. 21. 
 
 DELAY. 
 
 In payment, damages for, 1 Y. 199. 
 
 DELINQUENT TAX PAYERS OF PHILADELPHIA. 
 
 Publication of, 11 Wr. 21. 
 
 DELIVERY. 
 
 1. Op deed. See Deed. 
 
 2. Op specific legacy. See Legacy. 
 
DELIVERY— DEMURKEE. 255 
 
 B'ELYVE'RY— continued. 
 
 3. Of chattels sold. See Sale of Personal Property. ■ 
 
 4. Of rent in kind, 5 W. & S. 145, 151 ; 7 C. 426 ; 9 Wr. 376. 
 
 5. By mistake, 3 H. 215. 
 
 6. In violation of condition op sale, 1 H. 147. 
 
 7. Conditional, 1 Y. 529. See Sale of Personal Pro- 
 
 perty. 
 
 DEMAND. 
 
 1. Meaning of in Act of Assembly, 1 Y. 77, 249. 
 
 2. Jdrisdiction of court regulated by. See Jurisdic- 
 
 tion. 
 
 3. When to precede suit, 2 W. 139 ; 12 H. 88. 
 
 4. Statute of Limitations runs from, 3 Wr. 92. 
 
 5. Of payment. See Bills and Notes. 
 
 6. Op possession. 
 
 In ejectment, 3 S. & R. 423. 
 
 7. For goods exempt from execution. See Exemption. 
 
 DE MEDITATE. 
 
 Allowance of jury, 1 D. 74. 
 
 DE MINIMIS LEX NON CURAT. 
 
 Application of maxim, 13 S. 90; 16 S. 457. 
 
 DEMURRAGE. 
 
 On charter party, 4 Y. 157. 
 
 DEMURRER. 
 I. To pleadings. 
 
 1. When proper, 4 B. 299; 16 S. & R. 51 ; 4 R. 83; 3 
 
 W. & S. 395; 5 W. & S. 529; 6 W. & S. 439; 2 J. 
 302; 5 H. 157; 10 C. 358. 
 
 2. When to be filed, 13 S. & R. 45; 1 R. 452; 5 R. 
 
 124; 3 C. 263. 
 
 3. Proper form of, 19 S. 403. 
 
 4. What admitted by, 4 Y. 54 ; 11 S. & R. 229 ; 15 S. & 
 
 R. 231; 8 C. 428; 3 S. 62; 8 S. 42. 
 
 5. General and special distinguished, 3 S. 62; 19 S. 
 
 403. 
 
 6. Form of joinder in, I R. 452. 
 
 7. For non-joinder of co-parties, 10 H. 278. 
 
 8. Effect of award made pending, 2 Barr 435. 
 
 9. Judgment on. 
 
 By whom given, 1 D. 21. 
 
256 DEMUERER— DEPOSITIONS. 
 
 DEM U'RU'E'R— continued. 
 
 For plaintiff, 4 R. 83, 355. 
 For defendant, 1 C. 407. 
 Of respondeat ouster, 6 R. 124. 
 On whole record, 5 W. & S. 279; 2 Gr. 451. 
 On one of several pleas, 7 Barr 207 ; 2 Gr. 451. 
 Postponement until trial of fact, 5 H. 239. 
 10. Amendment after, 1 R. 452; 5 R. 124; 2 J. 802. 
 
 II. To EVIDENCE. 
 
 1. When to be made, 1 D. 18, 21; 4 Y. 54, 60, 62; 3 B. 
 
 457; 2 S. & R. 185 ; 6 Barr 179; 7 Wr. 441. 
 
 2. Not compulsory, 11 S. & R. 329; 1 R. 427. 
 
 3. For variance shown on oyer, 1 D. 21; 4 D. 268; 2 
 
 B. 76; 4 S. & R. 271; 5 S. & R. 514; 13 S. & R. 
 17 ; 2 H. 315. 
 
 4. Motion for nonsuit equivalent to, 3 W. & S. 14. 
 
 5. What admitted by, 1 Y. 356 ; 4 Y. 62 ; 3 B. 437 : 2 
 
 S. & R. 185; 3 S. & R. 413; 11 S. & R. 329; 15 S. 
 
 6 R. 227, 231; 1 R. 212, 431; 3 Wh. 376; 2 H. 275; 
 
 7 Wr. 441. 
 
 6. Effect of refusal to join in, 1 R. 427 ; 7 Wr. 441. 
 
 III. To indictment, 4 Y. 73; 5 W. & S. 345 ; 8 W. & S. 77. 
 
 IV. To mandamus, 3 Barr 282; 8 C. 218; 1 Wr. 277. 
 
 V. In equity, 12 S. 218. 
 
 DEPARTURE. 
 
 1. In pleading, 1 Y. 79 ; 1 R. 135.- . 
 
 2. In voyage, 2 D. 139, 140; 4 D. 274; 1 Y. 114; 3 Y. 382; 
 
 3B. 457; 5 B. 407 ; 2 S. & R. 309; 4 Wh. 204; IS. 
 143. 
 
 DEPOSIT. 
 
 1. Certificate of. See Certificate, 27. 
 
 2. Of funds for special purpose, 9 Barr 475. 
 
 3. Ok title papers, when a mortgage, 14 Wr. 509. 
 
 4. In bank. See Bank Deposits ; Certificate. 
 
 DEPOSITIONS. 
 I. Rule for. 
 
 1. Entry of, 1 D. 164, 251; 2 D. 45, 78, 94, 108, 383; 1 
 
 Y. 171,409; 2 R. 333; 3 W. 56. 
 
 2. Control of court over, 16 S. & R. 120 ; 1 Bai-r 381 ; 
 
 5 Barr 277 ; 7 Wr. 9. 
 
 3. What implied in, 5 S. & R. 246 ; 8 H. 134. 
 
DEPOSITIONS. 257 
 
 DEVOSITIO'RS— continued. 
 
 II. Notice of, 2 D. 73; 2 Y. 109 ; 3 Y. 157, 168, 258; 4 Y. 
 
 429, 520; 2 B. 20; 3 B. 130; 6 B. 500; 2 S. & R. 70, 
 478 ; 4 S. & R. 297 ; 5 S. & R. 246, 3^2 ; 6 S. & R. 
 546 ; 7 S. & R. 116, 223 ; 8 S. & R. 41 ; 13 S. & R. 
 334; 14 S. & R. 372 ; 1 P. & W. 485 ; 3 W. 60 ; 5 W. 
 323 ; 6 W. 456 ; 7 W. 442 ; 8 W. 406 ; 1 Barr 442 ; 2 
 Barr 20 : 8 H. 59 ; 4 H. 305 ; 5 H. 144 ; 7 Wr. 170 ; 11 
 Wr. 353; 12 Wr. 309. 
 
 III. Waiver of, 2 Y. 92 ; 11 C. 111. 
 
 IV. Mangier of taking. 
 
 1. Under commission. See Commission. 
 
 2. By whom, 3 B. 5S9 ; 5 S. & R. 246 ; 8 H. 130. 
 
 3. As to time and place, 2 Y. 109; 2 B. 72; 12 S. & R. 
 
 405; 13 S. & R. 334; 14 S. & R. 372; 4 W. & S. 
 113; 2 Barr 20; 5 Barr 277; 1 Gr. 446. 
 
 4. Witnesses must first be sworn, 12 S. & R. 405 ; 6 
 
 W. 266; 8 Barr 155; 4 H. 305. 
 
 5. Rule as to leading questions, 3 B. 130; 10 S. & R. 
 
 63, 70; 14 S. & R. 311; 1 P. & W. 297; 9 W. 161 ; 
 11 H. 143. 
 
 6. Rule as to release of witness, 1 Barr 47. 
 
 7. Rule as to cross-examination, 2 Y. 92; 4 Y. 520; 9 
 
 W. 441; 8 Barr 155; 4 S. 203; 18 S. 818. 
 
 8. Rule where interrogatories have been filed, 2 D- 
 
 157; 1 Y. 404;4 Y. 429; IB. 436; 3 B. 130; 4 H- 
 
 532. 
 
 9. Rule as to writing down answers, 12 S. & R. 410; 1 
 
 P. &W. 45; 2P. & W. 200; 8 P. & W. 41; 8 W. 406, 
 524; 1 Barr 402; 1 J. 99. 
 
 10. Need not be in handwriting of magistrate, 4 S. 
 
 203 ; 6 S. 90. 
 
 11. Where books and papers are referred to, 2 Y. 213 ; 
 
 4 Y. 340; 1 S. & R. 294; 9 W. 441; 7 W. & S. 302; 
 3 Barr 422; 9 Barr 78; 2 H. 392; 3 H. 127; 11 S. 
 328. 
 
 12. Presumption in favor of, 6 S. 90. 
 
 13. Of infirm witness, 10 Barr 418. 
 
 14. Of going witness, 1 D. 164, 251 ; 7 Barr 433. 
 
 15. Lost depositions, proof of contents, 2 Y. 340. 
 
 V. Return to, 10 S. & R. 383; 4 W. & S. 113; 3 H. 51 ; 
 
 8 C. 514. 
 
 17 
 
258 DEPOSITIONS. 
 
 D'EVOSlllO'^S— continued. 
 
 VI. Filing, 13 S. & R. 323 ; 5 W. 391 ; 9 W. 161 ; 9 Barr 
 275; 11 C. 409; 7 S. 404. 
 
 VII. Notice of, 11 C. 409; 4 Wr. 492. 
 
 VIII. Right of party to, before trial, 13 S. & R. 323. 
 
 IX. Objections to. 
 
 1. When to be made, 2 S. & R. 383; 10 S. & R. 63; 11 
 
 S. & R. 208 ; 1 Barr 442; 10 H. 129. 
 
 2. How to be made, 5 W. 13; 4 Barr 134. 
 
 3. Waiver of, 6 W. & S. 46; 1 Barr 442; 2 Barr 20; 9 
 
 Barr 390; 1 Gr. 446. 
 
 X. Suppression of, 5 S. & R. 162; 6 S. 234. 
 
 XI. Amendment of, 2 Y. 92; 4 Y. 349 ; 3 S. & R. 402. 
 
 XII. Production of at trial, 16 S. & R. 264; 6 Wh. 327; 
 8 W. & S. 127 ; 6 S. 234. 
 
 Are secondary evidence, 1 Wr. 138. 
 
 XIII. Cost of, 1 D. 310, 340; 7 W. & S. 426. 
 
 XIV. Admissibility op in evidence. 
 
 1. When taken by unauthorized person, 8 H. 31. 
 
 2. When witness is present in court, 4 R. 394. 
 
 3. When witness is absent, 1 D. 164, 251; 1 Y. 400; 4 
 
 Y. 295; 5 S. & R. 162; 8 S. & R. 533; 11 S. & R. 
 203; 16 S. & R. 214; 7 W. 309; 3 W. & S. 291; 7 
 Barr 433; 9 S. 211. 
 
 4. Where witness has no fixed home, 11 S. & R. 203 ; 
 
 2 Barr 89. 
 
 5. Where witness has refused to answer irrelevant 
 
 questions, 4 s. 203. 
 
 6. Where witness is within forty miles, 8 S. & R. 533 ; 
 
 8 W. & S. 369; 10 S. 388. 
 
 7. Where witness has become interested, 4 Y. 512 ; 3 
 
 R. 283. 
 
 8. Where not taken according to notice, 2 Y. 109; 2 
 
 B. 72; 7 S. & R. 166. 
 
 9. Where party by whom it is taken refuses to use 
 
 it, 6 S. 234. 
 10. When taken on former proceeding, 2 Y. 230; 12 S. 
 & R. 80; 16 S. & R. 379; 1 P. & W. 306; 7 W. 195 : 
 8 W. 536 ; 1 W. & S. 277 ; 6 W. & S. 132 ; 7 W. & 
 S. 371; 1 Barr 381; 3 Barr 419; 5 Barr 473; 8 H. 
 9; 1 Wr. 138; 18 S. 460; 20 S. 15. 
 
DEPOSITIONS— DEPUTY. 259 
 
 DEPOSITIONS— coM^mMetZ. 
 
 11. Where rules of court have been complied with, 4 
 
 Y. 520; 7 S. & R. 90 ; 9 Barr 275. 
 
 12. Where witness has deceased, 1 Y. 400; 2 Y. 529. 
 
 13. Where taken before board of property, 1 S. & R. 
 
 527. 
 
 14. Where portions are unobjectionable, 3 Wh. 26; 3 
 
 Barr 22; 2 J. 27 ; 11 S. 179. 
 
 15. Where deposition has been lons out of prothono- 
 
 tary's office, 5 W. 391. 
 
 16. Where names of parties have been substituted, 6 
 
 Barr 377. 
 
 17. Effect of erasure in, 2 Gr. 44; 3 Gr. 267. 
 
 18. Ex parte, 2 Y. 476; 6 S. & R. 118. 
 
 19. Copy of when evidence, 16 S. & R. 214. 
 
 20. Construction of language in, 2 P. & W. 149. 
 
 21. When sent out with jury, 1 Y. 400; 4 W. 165. 
 
 22. When noted in Supreme Court, 2 P. & W. 207 ; 6 H. 
 
 78; 6 Wr. 198. 
 
 23. On rule to show cause, 4 Y. 443. 
 
 DEPRECIATION ACT OP 1781. 
 
 1. What contracts are within, 2 D. 132, 137; 1 Y. 8. 
 
 2. Power of creditors under, 1 Y. 8. 
 
 3. Power op jury under, 1 Y. 570; 2 Y. 320. 
 
 4. Auditor under. 
 
 Appointment of, 1 Y. 352. 
 
 Power, authority of, 1 D. 248; 1 Y. 8, 195, 352; 3 Y. 
 
 15. 
 Report of testimony on motion to quash report, 1 Y. 8. 
 
 5. Partial payments under, 1 Y. 570. 
 
 DEPRECIATED MONEY. 
 
 1. Value of, 6 Barr 179. 
 
 2. Action on bond given for, 1 D. 175, 258; 2 D. 133. 
 
 3. Purchase of to be used as set off, 6 H. 395, 405; 4 
 
 Wr. 190. 
 
 4. Tender in, after transfer of debt, without notice, 6 
 
 H. 405. 
 
 DEPUTY. 
 I. Clerk. 
 
 Power of, 5 S. & R. 333. 
 
260 DEPUTY. 
 
 DEPUTY— continued. 
 
 II. Protiionotary. 
 
 1. Appointment of, 16 S. & R. 65. 
 
 2. Powers of, 16 S. & R. 65; 9 Barr 19. 
 
 III. Coroner. 
 
 Appointment of, 11 S. & R. 299, 305. 
 
 IV. Marshall. 
 
 1. Rights of. 
 
 ■ To testify, 4 B. 496. 
 
 2. Powers of, 3 S. & R. 169. 
 
 V. Sheriff. 
 
 1. Rights of, 1 W. & S. 227; 1 Ban- 324. 
 
 2. Powers of. 
 
 As to return to writs, 7 W. 183. 
 As to selection of inquest, 1 Barr 183. 
 As to purcbaser at sheriff's sale, 2 H. 331. 
 To bind sheriff by admissions and declarations, 3 B. 404 ; 
 9 S. & R. 390. See Sheriff. 
 
 3. Liability of, 1 B. 240; 3 B. 404; 9 S. & R. 390; 9 
 
 Barr 451. 
 
 VI. Surveyor. 
 
 1. Appointment of, 2 S. & R. 557; 6 S. & R. 137; 7 S. 
 
 & R. 317 ; 1 P. & W. 1. 
 
 2. Presumption in favor of, 3 Y. 23; 10 Wr. 67. • 
 
 3. Rights. 
 
 To take out land warrant, 6 B. 39 ; 8 W. & S. 139. 
 
 To appoint assistant, 3 W. 9. 
 
 To acquire settlement and improvement right, 8 W. & S. 
 
 139. 
 To act outside of proper district, 2 S. & R. 557 ; 10 W. 
 
 375. 
 To compensation for services, 1 B 146; 3 B. 50. 
 
 4. Duties of. 
 
 To obey instructions, 2 Y. 130. 
 To owner of warrant, 4 Y. 107. 
 As to interference of adverse claims, 4 Y. 494; 7 W. & 
 
 S. 211 ; 3 Barr 115. 
 As to return of survey, 3 Y. 61; 1 R. 404; 1 P. & W. 
 
 74, 454: 2 P. &"W. 389; 1 Gr. 121. 
 
 5. Powers of. 
 
 Confined to proper district, 2 S. & R. 557; 10 W. 375. 
 To bind owner of warrant, 3 Y. 71 ; 4 Y. 107. 
 As to lands at Fort M'Intosh, 1 Y. 286. 
 
DEPUTY— DESCENT. 261 
 
 DE'PJJTY— continued. 
 
 To extend lines, 3 Y. 399; 2 B. 37, 55; 5 S. & R. 181. 
 As to excess in survey, 2 R. 232. 
 
 Effect of misuse of, on others, 4 D. 133; 3 Y. 61; 6 B. 
 39; 2 S. & R. 394; 2 R. 232; 2 P. & W. 384. 
 
 6. Liability of. 
 
 To forfeiture of compensation, 5 S. & R. 101. 
 
 7. Admissions and declarations of. 
 
 When evidence, 2 Y. 133, 295; 4 Y. 100; 3 B. 175; 1 
 R. 331; 4 Wr. 506. 
 
 8. Opinion of. 
 
 When evidence, 10 C. 462. 
 
 9. Letters of. 
 
 When evidence, 2 Y. 133; 3 Y. 23; 2 B. 105 ; 1 S. & R. 
 128. ' 
 
 10. Memoranda of. 
 
 When evidence, 2 Y. 213, 245 ; 6 B. 125; 6 S. & R. 210; 
 7 S. &R. 313; 2 R. 141 ; 8 W. 81;4Barr458; 3 
 H. 168. 
 
 11. Receipts of. 
 
 When evidence, 4 B. 150. 
 
 12. Draft of. 
 
 When evidence, 1 D. 7; 2 Y. 313; 6 B. 125; 11 S. & R. 
 314; 14 S. & R. 314, 322; 1 P. & W. 1; 3 W. 465; 
 4 W. 192 ; 1 Barr 458 ; 3 Barr 44. 
 
 13. Survey by. 
 
 Validity of, 2 Y. 133; 3 Y. 528; 2 B. 105; 6 S. & R. 
 180. 
 
 14. Certificate of. 
 
 When evidence, 4 B. 150. 
 
 15. Retdrn of, 3 Y. 23; IB. 188; 1 P. & W. 74, 454; 2 
 P. & W. 394. 
 
 16. Errors of. 
 
 Correction of, 1 Y. 25; 2 Y. 488; 3 Y. 580, 582; 2 B. 
 109; 5 S. &R. 181; 8 AVr. 348. 
 
 17. Bill for services. 
 
 Part of legal costs of suit, 10 Wr. 233. See Survey. 
 
 DESCENT. 
 
 What estates are within Intestate Law. 1 Y. 313; IB. 96; 
 3 W. & S. 460; 2 H. 361; 1 Wr. 10. 
 I. Op personal property of intestate. 
 
 To father and mother jointly, 9 W. 349 ; 6 W. & S. 319 ; 
 
262 DESCENT. 
 
 DESCENT— continued. 
 
 8 W. & S. 107 ; 1 Ban- 176 ; 7 Barr 448 ; 2 C. 397 ; 
 2 Wr. 426; 2 Gr. 157; 6 S. 106; 15 S. 395. 
 To brothers and sisters, 11 C. 207. 
 
 II. Of property op minor, 5 W. 113. 
 
 III. Of real estate of intestate. 
 
 1. Power of testator over, 11 H. 29. 
 
 2. Broken by direction to sell, 18 S. & E,. 417; 2 R. 
 
 185; 2 W. 185; 8 Barr 417; 4 H. 95; 6 H. 107. 
 
 3. General rules of, 4 D. 65; 1 Y. 313; 6 W. & S. 262; 
 
 5 Barr 166; 7 C. 180. 
 
 4. As to first and second descent of, 2 S. 449; 15 S. 
 
 450. 
 
 5. Ex paterna and ex materna, discussed, 2 Y. 509; 5 
 
 B. 422; 4 S. & R. 22, 387; 7 S. & R. 397; 4 R. 43; 
 
 1 Wh. 252; 10 H. 291. 
 
 6. Under Act op 1705, 2 Y. 509. 
 
 7. Under "Supplemental Intestate Laws" of the Pro- 
 
 vince, 1 D. 20, 175; 5 Barr 160. 
 
 8. Casus omissus in Act of 1794, 2 B. 279. 
 
 9. Under Act op 1794, 4 R. 89. 
 
 10. "Ancestor or other relation," meaning of in In- 
 
 testate Law, 5 Barr 165. 
 
 11. To blood of first purchaser, 7 S. & R. 397; 4 R. 39; 
 
 8 W. 247; 1 Wh. 252; 5 Wh. 477; 6 W. & S. 258; 7 
 W. & S. 195 ; 5 Barr 164, 166 ; 8 Barr 32 ; 10 H. 291 ; 
 12 H. 162 ; 3 Wr. 14, 417 ; 10 Wr. 369; 14 Wr. 311. 
 
 12. "Blood relation," meanincj op in Intestate Law, 3 
 
 Y. 480; 1 S. & R. 222. 226; 4 S. & R. 387; 7 S. & 
 R. 397 ; 5 Wh. 477 ; 8 Barr 37 ; 7 0. 289 ; 2 Wr. 430 ; 
 8 Wr. 417. 
 18. Of entailed lands, 1 Y. 813; 11 H. 9. 
 
 14. Of equitable estates, 8 S. & R. 881. 
 
 15. Op trust estates, 1 B. 91 ; 9 W. 331; 3 W. & S. 460; 
 
 2 H. 361. 
 
 16. Of estate acquired by continued trespass, 7 S. & 
 
 R. 178. 
 
 17. Of estate acquired by settlement, 3 Y. 571; 7 S." 
 
 6 R. 173. 
 
 18. Of surplus after Orphans' Court sale, 2 Y. 261; 
 
 11 S. & R. 224. 
 
 19. To HEIR at common law, 2 B. 279. 
 
DESCENT— DESCRIPTION. 263 
 
 DESGEl^T— continued. 
 
 20. To ALIEN, 3 D. 305 ; 3 B. 75 ; 3 R. 352 ; 4 W. & S. 145. 
 
 21. To COLLATERAL HEIRS BELOW BROTHERS AND SISTERS, 
 
 10 S. 380. 
 
 22. To FATHER, 2 Y. 509, 525 ; 5 B. 422 ; 3 S. & R. 504 ; 
 
 4 S. & R. 22 ; 7 S. & R. 397 ; 4 R. 43 ; 1 Wh. 252 ; 
 10 H. 291 ; 2 Wr. 426 ; 3 Wr. 417. 
 
 23. To MOTHER, 2 Y. 509, 525 ; 5 B. 422 ; 3 S. & R. 504 ; 
 
 4 S. & R. 22, 237 ; 7 S. & R. 397; 4 R. 43; 1 Wh. 
 252; 7 Barr 448 ; 10 H. 291 ; 2 Wr. 426 ; 3 Wr. 417 ; 
 2 Gr. 157. 
 
 24. To HEIRS OF THE WHOLE BLOOD, 2 D. 175; 5 S. & R. 
 
 304; 6 W. & S. 258; 12 H. 162; 4 0. 487; 7 C. 
 289; 5 S. 62; 10 S. 380, 383. 
 
 25. To HEIRS OF THE HALF BLOOD, 2 Y. 545 ; 2 B. 279v; 5 
 
 Wh. 477; 8 Barr 32; 12 H. 162; 4 C. 487 ; 7 C. 
 289 ; 5 S. 62. 
 
 26. To GRANDCHILDREN, 5 R. 213; 5 W. 25; 9 W. 352; 4 
 
 Wh. 130; 7 S. 182; 10 S. 380, 381. 
 
 27. To UNCLES AND AUNTS, 3 Y. 480 ; 3 W. & S. 353 ; 8 
 
 Barr 32 ; 10 H. 291 ; 5 0. 118; 7 C. 289; 4 Wr. 114. 
 
 28. To CHILDREN OF UNCLES AND AUNTS, 3 W. & S. 353 ; 10 
 
 H. 291 ; 4 C. 487 ; 5 C. 118 ; 4 W^r. 115, 117. 
 
 29. To NEPHEWS AND NIECES, 7 W. & S. 255, 256; 5 Barr 
 
 164, 428 ; 10 H. 291 ; 11 C. 207 ; 4 Wr. 387 ; 10 S. 
 380. / 
 
 30. To CHILDREN OP NEPHEWS AND NIECES, 4 C. 487. 
 
 31. To GRAND NEPHEWS AND NIECES, 11 C. 267. 
 
 32. To WIDOW IN DEFAULT OP HEIRS, 15 S. 442. 
 
 33. To NKXT OP KIN. See N^xt op Kin. 
 
 34. After devise to widow in pee, 2 Wr. 430. 
 
 35. Per capita, 2 Wh. 444, 445 ; 5 Barr 458 ; 3 C. 35 ; 2 
 
 Wr. 430; 4 Wr. Ill, 115, 387 ; 3 Gr. 210, 212; 2 S. 
 269; 10 S. 380. 
 
 36. Per stirpes, 5 Barr 264 ; 4 C. 487 ; 2 Wr. 430; 4 Wr. 
 
 Ill, 115, 117, 387 ; 2 Gr. 210 ; 2 S. 269 ; 10 S. 381, 
 383. 
 
 DESCRIPTION. 
 
 1. Of property. ^S'eeDEED; Ejectment; Mechanics' Lien; 
 
 Sheriff's Sale. 
 
 2. Of person under Attainder Act, 1 D. 61. 
 
 3. Op person in pleading, 3 C. 336. 
 
264 DESCRIPTION— DESERTION. 
 
 BESQRIVTION— continued. 
 
 4. Op person in judgment docket, 7 W. & S. 406 ; 3 H.. 
 
 181 ; 3 C. 337 ; 12 C. 458 ; 3 Wr. 429 ; 4 Wr. 453 ; 11 
 Wr. 128. 
 
 5. Distinguished from warranty of quality, 2 B. 371 ; 
 
 3 Barr 21. 
 
 DESCRIPTIVE LAND WARRANT. 
 
 1. Certainty required in, 2 Y. 151 ; 3 B. 35 ; 6 S. & R. 
 
 107; 2 W. 288. 
 
 2. On .unimproved land, 2 W. 272. 
 
 3. Duty of holder of, 6 Barr 21; 1 H. 464; 9 C. 474; 3 
 
 S. 84. 
 
 4. Survey under, 1 P. & W. 78 ; 2 P. & W. 384 ; 1 W. & 
 
 S. 166; 6 Barr 21. 
 
 5. Validity of. 
 
 As against subsequent improvement, 4 Y. 266. 
 
 As against subsequent warrant and survey, 1 H. 464. 
 
 6. Title under, 2 Y. 148; 3 Y. 67; 4 B. 51, 73; 1 P. & 
 
 W. 74; 2 P. & W. 384; 3 P. & W. 299; 2 W. 288; 1 
 H. 464; 10 H. 340; 11 H. 271; j3 C. 9; 9 C. 474; 10 
 C. 74; 3 S. 89. 
 
 7. Presumption in favor of holder of, 8 S. & R. 181 ; 2 
 
 W. 288 ; 1 H. 464. 
 
 8. Sales op, effect op Statute of Frauds on, 10 C. 74. 
 
 9. Sale of land held by, 2 S. & R. 53. s 
 
 10. Abandonment of. See Abandonment. 
 
 11. Effect of delay in survey and returns, 3 S. 84. 
 
 12. Application of to lands described in, 10 H. 340 ; 9 C. 
 
 474 ; 3 S. 84. 
 
 DESERTION. 
 I. By husband. 
 
 1. Jurisdiction of justice of the peace in case op, 2 S. 
 
 & R. 368 ; 2 Gr. 162. 
 
 2. At whose instance issued, 2 Gr. 162; 11 S. 105. 
 
 3. Jurisdiction of Mayor's Court of Philadelphia in, 5 
 
 Wh. 82. 
 
 4. Object of proceedings, 2 S. & R. 365 ; 11 S. 105. 
 
 5. Proceedings in case op, 2 S. & R. 363; 2 Barr 138; 
 
 2Gr. 162; 11 S. 105; 13 S. 450. 
 
 6. Proof of, 10 H. 275. 
 
 7. When excusable, 11 H. 156; 2 Gr. 162. 
 
DESERTION— DEVASTAVIT. 265 
 
 DESERTION— coMimMec?. 
 
 8. Punishment for, 5 "Wh. 82. 
 
 9. Divorce for, 13 S. 450. 
 
 10. Effect of discharge as insolvent, 5 Wh. 82. 
 
 11. Marriage relation not destroyed by, 5 S. 344. 
 
 12. Right of wife after, 10 S. & R. 445; 17 S. & R. 130; 
 
 8 W. 403; 10 Barr 193, 212; 4H. 484. 
 
 13. Powers of husband after, 10 Barr 193, 212, 220 ; 5 
 
 C. 385. 
 
 14. Review of in Supreme Court, 2 S. & R. 863 ; 5 Barr 
 
 124; 2 Gr. 162. 
 
 II. By wife, 1 H. 213; 6 0. 412; 12 S. 206. 
 
 1. Effect of on dower, 12 S. 308. 
 
 2. Liability of husband after divorce for, 9 C. 50. 
 
 III. From military service. 
 
 1. Punishable though enlistment was void, 7 Barr 
 
 336. 
 
 2. Forfeiture by, 13 Wr. 86 ; 3 S. 112. 
 
 8. Effect of on right to vote, 3 S. 112; 9 S. 109. 
 
 DESTRUCTION. 
 
 1. Of vessel, 4 D. 412, 415. 
 
 2. Of bank notes while with carrier, 9 Wr. 419. 
 
 3. Of property during rebellion, 14 Wr. 341. 
 
 4. Of will, 8 W. 195; 8 W. & S. 275. See Will. 
 
 DETENTION. 
 
 1. Of goods in transitu. See Stoppage in Transitu. 
 
 2. Op goods for manufacture, 2 Wr. 899 ; 11 Wr. 398 ; 12 
 
 S. 193. 
 
 3. Of deed, 1 D. 65. 
 
 4. Interest allowed for, 2 D. 102. See Interest. 
 
 DE TERRIS. 
 Judgment entered, 10 S. & R. 346, 848. 
 
 DEVASTAVIT. 
 
 1. What constitutes a, 1 Y. 300, 568; 4 S. & R. 389; 12 
 
 S. & R. 58; 15 S. & R. 84, 197; 5 R. 266; 2 P. & W. 
 307; 1 Barr 186; 2 Barr 424. 
 
 2. By husband of executrix, 8 Wr. 218. 
 
 3. Who may sue for, 2 P. & W. 482. 
 
 4. Form of action, 12 S. & R. 58. 
 
 5. Pleas in, 7 W. & S. 350; 6 0. 75. 
 
266 DEVASTAVIT— DEVISE. 
 
 DEVASTAVIT— confrnwed 
 
 6. Pkopbr issue in action for, 4 S. & R. 388. 
 
 7. Application of Statute of Limitations to action foe, 
 
 7 W. & S. 350. 
 
 8. Liability of executor, 1 Y. 300, 568; 4 S. & R. 389; 
 
 12 S. & R. 58; 15 S. & R. 84; 5 R. 266; 1 Wh. 10. 
 
 DEVIATION IN VOYAGE. 
 
 1. AVhat is, under insurance law, 2 D. 137, 189, 140 ; 4 
 
 D. 274; 1 Y. 114; 8 Y. 882; 3 B. 457; 5 B. 407; 2 
 S. & R. 309; 4 Wh. 204; 7 Barr 415; 9 Barr 290; 6 
 C. 834 ; 1 S. 143. 
 
 2. Effect of, unnecessary, 7 Barr 415; 1 S. 143. 
 
 3. Effect of intention to deviate, 6 C. 384. 
 
 4. When justifiable, 3 B. 457 ; 9 Barr 890. 
 DEVISAVIT VEL NON. See Feigned Issue. 
 DEVISE. 
 
 I. Certainty required in. 
 
 1. As to description of property, 4 Y. 23; 4 R. 889; 8 
 
 W. 432; 4 W. & S. 437; 4 Barr 93; 8 H. 56; 2 C. 
 131. 
 
 2. As to devisee, 6 W. 192; 6 W. & S. 218, 537; 7 Wr. 
 
 102. 
 
 3. As to time of vesting, 8 W. 482; 3 Wh. 305; 1 C. 
 
 249; 4 S. 245. 
 
 4. What words constitute a devise, 6 Wh. 235, 287. 
 
 5. Validity OF agreement TO devise, 1 C. 306; 10 C. 180. 
 
 II. Absolute. 
 
 1. Of proceeds or income of estate. See Income. 
 
 2. Clear of testator's debts, 11 S. & R. 252; 7 S. 236. 
 8. To two or more, 10 S. 511, 516. 
 
 4. To RELEASE DEBT AGAINST TESTATOR, 10 S. & R. 182. 
 
 III. Conditional. 
 
 1. As to non'-alienation. See Condition. 
 
 2. Charged with payment of legacies, 2 D. 181 ; 8 Y. 
 
 Y. 294; 2 B. 525; 6 B. 895; 4 S. & R. 213, 509; 18 
 S. & R. 348; 16 S. & R. 410; 1 R. 389; 2 R. 305; 4 
 R. 440; IP. & W. 96, 111; 2 P. & W. 279; 8 P. & 
 W. 538; 6 W. 167; 8 W. 198; 9 W. 60; 8 W. & S. 
 370; 4 W. & S. 414; 7 W. & S. 407; 9 W. & S. 108; 
 5 Barr 351 ; 7 Barr 241, 252 ; 8 Barr 290 ; 9 Barr 
 132; 10 Barr 387; IJ. 86; 2 J. 72, 256; 4 H. 327, 
 
DEVISE. 267 
 
 BWVISE— continued. 
 
 436; 10 H. 143; 3 C. 58; 7 C. 58; 9 C. 47; 10 C. 
 290; 11 C. 54, 339; 12 0. 11; 10 Wr. 165; 11 Wr. 
 437,442; 12 Wr. 121, 211; 13 Wr. 223; 1 Gr. 61; 3 
 S. 141; 9 S. 99, 313; 13 S. 332; 19 S. 173, 176; 20 
 S. 400, 403. 
 
 3. Charged with maintenance and support, 1 R. 386 ; 
 
 2P. & W. 71; 2 W. 139; 7 W. 380; 3 W. & S. 299; 
 12 H. 78; 1 C. 191; 11 Wr. 437; 13 Wr. 241; 14 
 S. 474; 1 Gr. 204; 20 S. 153. 
 
 4. Charged with debts of deceased, 2 D. 191, 244, 246; 
 
 1 Y. 189, 192; 2 Y. 54, 68, 70; 4 S. & R. 213; 1 J. 
 72; 7 Wr. 278; 10 S. 404, 406. 
 
 5. Subject to dower, 8 H. 478; 8 C. 309; 6 Wr. 479. 
 
 6. In lieu of dower, 1 D. 41T; 1 Y. 425; 3 Y. 10, 79; 1 
 
 B. 565; 6 Wr. 479. 
 
 7. To BE SOLD FOR INVESTMENT OR DISTRIBUTION, 2 R. 
 
 189; 2 W. 53; 8 W. 504; 3 Wh. 62 ; 1 W. & S. 445; 
 3 W. & S. 440 ; 4 W. & S. 196 ; 8 Barr 343, 508 ; 1 
 H. 292. 
 
 8. To BE SOLD ON A CONTINGENCY, 1 B. 546 ; 8 S. & R. 
 
 299 ; 11 S. & R. 311 ; 8 W. 203 ; 10 W. 274 ; 1 S. 509. 
 
 9. To BE SOLD AFTER TERMINATION OF LIFE ESTATE, 2 Barr 
 
 312 ; 3 C. 62 ; 1 Wr. 373 ; 7 Wr. 187. 
 
 10. Where enjoyment of is postponed, 2 W. & S. 458 ; 
 
 14 Wr. 253 ; 1 Gr. 19. 
 
 11. To RELEASE DEBT OF TESTATOR, 10 S. & R. 182. 
 
 12. To BE FREE FROM DEBTS OF DEVISEES, 2 R. 33 ; 7 W. 
 
 647 ; 5 W. & S. 323 ; 7 W. & S. 19 ; 1 Wr. 37 ; 10 
 Wr. 485 ; 11 Wr. 113 ; 9 S. 395 ; 11 S. 320. 
 
 13. Where price or value to be paid is fixed, 11 H. 39. 
 
 14. Forfeiture for breach of condition. See For- 
 
 feiture. 
 
 IV. To particular persons. 
 
 1. Associations, 6 W. & S. 218. 
 
 2. Children of particular tenant, 1 Wr. 373. 
 
 3. Corporations, 12 H. 197, 474; 5 Wr. 266. 
 
 4. To trustees, 2 C. 227 ; 4 C. 73 ; 4 S. 245, 249. 
 
 V. Abatement of. See Abatement. 
 
 VI. Acceptance of. See Acceptance 2. 
 
 VII. Lapsing of devise, 2 Y. 525, 578 ; 3 Y. 34; 2 R. 28; 
 2 W. 185. 
 
268 DEVISE— DEVISEE. 
 
 DEVISE — continued. 
 
 VIII. When devise with direction to pay, is not a 
 CHARGE, IJ. 86 ; 2 J. 256 ; 7 C. 53. 
 
 IX. When void, 10 H. 288 ; 8 Wr. 487 ; 13 S. 465. 
 
 DEVISED PROPERTY. 
 
 Liability of for debts of testator. See Decedent, VI. 3. 
 Proof of identify of. See Devise, I. 1. 
 Effect of judicial sale of, 2 H. 451; 11 H. 39. 
 Effect of private sale of, 2 H. 451. 
 Charges on, how enforced, 11 11. 39. 
 
 DEVISEE. 
 
 I. Rights of. 
 
 1. To possession of devised estate, 13 S. 332. 
 
 2. To recover v. widow in ejectment, 1 Y. 425. 
 
 3. To rent issuing out of devised lands, 7 C. 47. 
 
 4. To revoke unauthorized sale by exeuctors, 8 S. & 
 
 R. 248. 
 
 5. To SELL HIS interest IN DEVISED PROPERTY, 3 Wh. 65 ; 
 
 1 J. 477 ; 1 H. 292. 
 
 6. To COLLECT COST OF PATENT OUT OF PERSONAL ESTATE, 9 
 
 S. & R. 21. 
 
 7. To SURVIVORSHIP, WHEN JOINT, 2 Y. 527. 
 
 8. After twenty-one years possession, 1 C. 234. 
 
 9. Over will of deceased, 8 W. 195. 
 
 10. To TESTIFY IN CASE WHERE WILL IS INVOLVED, 16 S. & 
 
 R. 193, 315. 
 
 II. Liability of. 
 
 1. To contribution for DEBTS OF TESTATOR, 2 D. 189, 
 
 191, 244 ; 1 Y. 189 ; 2 Y. 54, 70. 
 
 2. To OTHER DEVISEES AND LEGATEES, 2 D. 131; 2 Y. 54, 
 
 68, 70 ; 3 Y. 294 ; 2 B. 525 ; 4 S. & R. 213, 509 ; 13 
 S. & R. 348; 16 S. & R. 410; 1 R. 389; 2 R. 305; 4 
 R. 440 ; 1 P. & W. 96 ; 2 P. & W. 279 ; 3 P. & W. 
 533; 6 W. 167, 169; 8 W. 198; 9 W. 60; 3 W. & S. 
 370; 4 W. & S. 414, 422 ; 7 W. & S. 407 ; 9 W. & S. 
 103; 5 Barr 351; 7 Barr 241, 246, 252; 8 Barr 26, 
 38, 240; 10 Barr 387; 1 J. 86 ; 2 J. 38, 72, 256 ; 4 
 H. 327,436; 10 H. 290; 11 H. 233; 1 C. 191; 10 
 C. 290; 11 C. 54, 339 ; 12 C. 11 ; 9 Wr. 379 ; 10 Wr. 
 168; 11 Wr. 437, 442; 12 Wr. 121 ; 13 Wr. 223; 2 
 S. 139. 
 
DEVISEE— DISCONTINUANCE. 269 
 
 DEVISEE — continued. 
 
 3. To CREDITOES OF DECEASED, 2 D. 191, 244 ; 1 Y. 189 ; 
 
 2 Y. 54, 76; 3 Barr 351; 5 Barr 351. See Dece- 
 dent, VI. 3. 
 
 4. For dowee on devised lands, 8 C. 809 ; 7 Wr. 474. 
 
 5. On his admissions, 3 S. & R. 267. 
 
 DILIGENCE. 
 
 As to demand for payment or acceptance, 1 D. 193, 234, 254, 
 278; 2D. 158,192, 233; 1 Y. 531; 4 Y. 80; 9 S. & R. 
 125; 1 R. 335; 6 H. 261; 7 H. 396; 3 C. 249; 6 C. 
 139. iSee Bills and Notes. 
 
 DILIGENTLY INQUIRE. 
 Defined, 1 D. 287. 
 
 DIRECT TAXES. 
 
 Defined, 1 D. 113; 8 D. 171, 184. 
 
 DISABILITIES. 
 
 Saving from operation of statute, 3 S. 382. 
 
 DISABLED FIREMEN. 
 
 Constitutionality of statute relative to support of, 3 Wr. 73. 
 
 DISBURSEMENT. 
 
 By ship master, 2 B. 428. 
 
 DISCHARGE. *S'ee Bankrupt ; Insolvent; Prisoner. 
 
 DISCLAIMER. 
 
 1. In ejectment, 3 Y. 170; 4 Y. 272; 3 W. 161; 5 W. 
 
 69; 8 Wh. 191; 5 Wh. 170, 187; 2 Barr 453; 3 Barr 
 367; 1 H. 483; 7 H. 434; 12 H. 348; 7 Wr. 521, 525; 
 11 Wr. 220; 1 S. 216; 6 S. 35; 16 S. 319. 
 
 2. Of set off, 2 Y. 541, 565; 9 S. & R. 131 ; 14 S. & R. 
 
 304: 16 S. & R. 18; 1 P. & W. 24, 31; 5 W. 151; 6 
 Barr 327; 9 H. 486; 1 C 444; 2 S. 211. /S'ee Estoppel. 
 
 3. Of title to personal property, 1 Wh. 184. 
 
 4. By husband of right to wife's property, 1 Barr 327. 
 
 5. Of alimony, 3 Y. 56. 
 
 DISCONTINUANCE. 
 
 I. Of suit or action. 
 
 1. DiSTINeUISHED from RETRAXIT, 8 Barr 157. 
 
 2. Distinguished from nonsuit, 1 Gr. 169. 
 
 3. When refused, 1 D. 130, 139; 8 D. 42 ; 3 Y. 42; 2 
 
 B. 454; IR. 341; 6 W. & S. 147. 
 
270 DISCONTINUANCE— DISJUNCTIVE CONJUNCTION. 
 
 DISCONTINUANCE— cowimMet?. 
 
 4. When permitted, 1 D. 139; 3 D. 42; 4 D. 222; 2 Y. 
 
 530; IE. 341; 6 W. & S. 147. 
 
 5. Power to enter, by whom executed, 1 R. 341. 
 
 6. Agreement for, when enforced, 6 B. 389. 
 
 7. Not allowed without payment of costs, 15 S. 300. 
 
 8. Before magistrate, 5 S. & R. 399; 9 H. 59. 
 
 9. After plea, 3 D. 346; 12 S. 112. 
 
 10. After special verdict or case stated, 2 B. 454. 
 
 11. After appeal from justice, 3 W. 46; 10 Barr 70. 
 
 12. Revival of suit after, 1 D. 412. 
 
 13. In ejectment, what equivalent to, 12 H. 92. 
 
 14. Effect of, 8 H. 9. 
 
 15. Judgment fee on, 1 B. 501. 
 
 16. Costs IN, 8 H. 9; 15 S. 300. 
 
 DISCOUNT. 
 
 1. Defined, 11 C. 223. 
 
 2. Presumption where amount is great, 19 S. 204, 210. 
 
 3. Taxation of, 1 Wr. 340. 
 
 4. Payment of in advance, 3 Gr. 297. 
 
 DISCREDITING WITNESSES. See Witnesses. 
 
 DISCRETIONARY POWER. 
 
 I. Of court. 
 
 1. When not reviewed in error, 2 Y. 162 ; 3 S. & R. 
 
 311; 4 S. & R. 480; 5 S. & R. 59; 7 S. & R. 178; 
 10 S. & R. 182; 14 S. & R. 144; 16 S. & R. 72, 320; 
 1 R. 323; 3 P. & W. 65; 1 W. 258; 2 W. 108; 3 W. 
 78; 5 W. 104; 5 Wh. 288; 3 W. & S. 91; 6 W. & S. 
 184; 4 H. 412; 6 H. 239; 8 H. 245: 2 C. 238; 3 
 C. 42, 47, 208; 6 Wr. 446; 14 Wr. 461; 20 S. 
 113. 
 
 2. When reviewed in error, 6 B. 88; 7 W. 309. 
 
 II. Of school directors, 1 Wr. 385; 7 Wr. 318. 
 
 III. Of trustees, 12 Wr. 204. See Trustees. 
 
 DISFRANCHISEMENT. 
 
 Of corporation. See Corporation, IV. 3. 
 
 DISJUNCTIVE CONJUNCTION. 
 Effect of, in indictment, 2 Y. 421, 453. 
 
DISMISSAL— DISTKESS. 271 
 
 DISMISSAL. 
 
 Of bill in equity. See Equity. 
 Of agent or factor. See Agent. 
 
 DISORDERLY HOUSE. 
 
 1. Indictment for, 2 S. & R. 298; 5 R. 342. 
 
 2. Evidence on trial for keeping, 1 S. & R. 342. 
 
 DISPOSITION. 
 
 1. Op prisoner, when evidence in capital case, 1 Wr. 
 
 108; 14 Wr. 45. 
 
 2. Of deceased, 8 Wr. 386. 
 
 DISSENT. 
 
 Of one judge, effect of, 6 B. 99. 
 
 Of party, when to be made. See Estoppel. 
 
 DISSEISEE. 
 1. Eight op. 
 
 Against lessee of disseisor, 1 Barr 344. 
 
 Against disseisor for acts done during disseisin, 1 C. 
 
 186. 
 
 DISSEISIN. 
 
 1. Of co-heir, 10 W. 185, 289. 
 
 2. Of tenant in common, 1 D. 67; 2 S. & R. 461; 10 S. & 
 
 R. 182; 13 S. & R. 356; 3 W. 74; 5 W. 146; 9 W. 
 363; 10 W. 158, 185, 289; 1 W. & S. 184; 10 Barr 
 225; 2 H. 514; 6 0. 507; 8 C. 68; 11 C. 364; 13 Wr. 
 188 ; 3 Gr. 117. 
 
 8. Of heirs, by widow, 4 W. & S. 333. 
 4. How effected, 10 W. 453; 1 Barr 295, 300; 9 Wr. 9; 
 15 S. 489. 
 
 DISSEISOR. 
 
 1. Right of. 
 
 Against intruder, 1 Barr 295; 11 H. 254. 
 For improvement, 7 C. 456. 
 
 2. Constructive possession by, 11 H. 254. 
 
 DISTILLED SPIRITS. 
 
 1. Lien of United States for tax on, 18 S. 204. 
 
 2. Who liable for inspection fees, 12 Wr. 480. 
 
 DISTRESS. 
 I. For rent. 
 
 1. Right of, discussed, 1 D. 440; 2 D. 68; 4 D. 209; 13 
 
272 DISTRESS. 
 
 J)IS,Tn^8S— continued. 
 
 S. & R. 52, 60; 16 S. k R. 376; 3 P. & W. 487; 2 
 W. 246; 5W. 134; 2Wh. 95; 6 Wh. 453, 467 : 1 W. 
 & S. 416; 4W. & S. 344; 8W. &S. 53; 3Barrl79; 
 6 H. 439, 447; 11 C. 162; 2 Wr. 344; 7 Wr. 435; 
 1 Gr. 320; 2 Gr. 378; 10 S. 452; 16 S. 311. 
 
 2. Rent must be certain, 2 R. 137 ; 3 P. & W. 55 ; 8 W. 
 
 & S. 531; 1 Barr 126; 2 Barr 293; 3 Barr 179. 
 
 3. When to be made, 13 S. & R. 60; 2 "Wh. 95. 
 
 4. After assignment of lease, 6 Wr. 77. 
 
 5. After assignment op propertt, 10 S. 452. 
 
 6. How to be made, 1 D. 440; 3 P. & W. 30; 3 W. & S. 
 
 531. 
 
 7. By whom, 4 W. 98 ; 16 S. 312. 
 
 8. Who subject to, 3 S. & R. 34; 2 R. 11 ; 6 Wh. 453, 
 
 487; 2 Wr. 346; 1 Gr. 320; 3 S. 81; 6 S. 175. 
 
 9. What subject to, 1 D. 440; 2 D. 70; 12 S. & R. 217; 
 
 17 S. & R. 138; 1 R. 435; 5 W. 17; 9 W. 258; 2 
 Wh. 25; 5 Wh. 9; 1 W. & S. 400, 417; 4 W. & S. 
 344; 7 W. & S. 452; 8 H. 422; 6 C. 287; 2 Wr. 
 344; 8 Wr. 477; 3 Gr. 248. 
 
 10. When inadmissible. 
 
 For rent of personal property, 6 H. 439. 
 
 When rent is to be paid for debt of lessor, 5 W. 134. 
 
 Without proof of demise, 3 P. & W. 30 ; 12 S. 445. 
 
 11. Exemption from, 11 Wr. 202. See Exemption. 
 
 12. Removed goods subject to, 2 D. 70 ; 12 S. & R. 217 ; 
 8 Wr. 477. 
 
 13. Right to, how lost, 3 W. 246; 6 W. 34; 10 H. 144. 
 
 14. Judgment for rent, no bar to, 2 B. 146; 3 Wr. 231; 
 
 13 S. 302. 
 
 15. Effect of leaving goods with tenant, 2 D. 70 ; 4 
 
 D. 208. 
 
 16. Effect of taking note fob rent, 13 S. & R. 52. 
 
 17. Notice of, 6 W. 34. 
 
 18. Appraisement, 2 D. 69, 70 ; 14 S. & R. 399 ; 10 S. 452 
 
 19. Waiver of appraisement, 8 S. & R. 500; 3 W. 179; 
 
 6 C. 287. 
 
 20. Lien of distrainor, 2 D. 65, 131. 
 
 21. When no bar to an action for rent, 3 Wr. 231. 
 
 22. Impounding, 2 D. 68, 70. 
 
 23. Sale of, 2 R. 78; 6 Wh. 452. 
 
DISTKESS— DISTRICT COURT. 273 
 
 DI S TRE S ^—continued. 
 
 24. Liability of landlord on, 6 S. & R. 286; 3 P. & W. 
 
 30 ; 6 W. 34 ; 2 Wh. 25 ; 5 C. 163 ; 10 S. 452 ; 1 Gr. 320. 
 
 Evidence in action for illegal, 13 S. & R. 54; 3 P. & W. 
 
 30. 
 Damages for illegal, 6 S. & R. 286; 1 Gr. 320. 
 Waiver of damages for illegal, 12 Wr. 380. 
 
 II. Foe, interest due widow, 1 W. 420; 1 W. & S. 400; 
 8 Wr. 220. 
 
 DISTRIBUTION. 
 
 1. Of estates of decedents. See Decedents. 
 
 2. Of proceeds of sheriff's sale. See Sheriff's sale. 
 
 3. Of surplus" at Orphans' Court sale. 
 
 As real estate. See Orphans' Court Sales. 
 
 4. Account. 
 
 Should not be blended with administration, 6 Barr 35 ; 9 
 H. 320; 12 S. 154. 
 
 DISTRIBUTIVE SHARE. 
 
 1. Of heirs. See Heirs. 
 
 Statute of Limitations relative to, construed. See Lim- 
 itations. 
 
 2. Op legatees. See Legacy. 
 
 DISTRICT ATTORNEY. 
 
 Not an office under the Constitution, 6 S. 436. 
 
 DISTRICT COURT. 
 
 I. Op the United States. 
 
 1. A COURT OF record, 3 W. & S. 166. 
 
 2. Jurisdiction op. 
 
 In admiralty, 3 D. 6, 10, 54, 120, 159, 188; 2 Y. 232. 
 
 In equity, 2 D. 361, 369. 
 
 In criminal cases, 2 D. 389, 396. 
 
 II. Of Maryland. 
 
 Admiralty jurisdiction of, 3 D. 16. 
 
 III. Of New Hampshire. 
 Admiralty jurisdiction of, 3 D. 16. 
 
 IV. Of Pennsylvania. 
 
 1. Admiralty jurisdiction of, 3 D. 6, 16, 159. 
 
 2. Are Courts of Common Pleas, 5 W. & S. 272. 
 
 V. Of Alleghany County. 
 
 1. Jurisdiction of, 8 H. 71; 5 C. 380; 5 Wr. 80; 7 Wr. 
 468; 8 Wr. 18; 10 Wr. 304. 
 18 
 
274 DISTEICT COURT— DIVIDEiND. 
 
 DISTRICT COURT— continued. 
 
 2. Removal of suits to, 7 Wr. 468. 
 
 3. Plea to jurisdiction of, 7 Wr. 468. 
 
 VI. Of Lancaster County. 
 Jurisdiction of, 3 P. & W. 397. 
 
 VII. Of Mercer County. 
 
 AfiSdavit of Defence Law in, 6 W. & S. 89. 
 
 VIII. Of Philadelphia. 
 
 1. A court of record, 5 "W. & S. 272. 
 
 2. Jurisdiction of. 
 
 As to amount, 9 S. & R. 294; 10 W. 279; 2 Wh. 18-3; 
 4 Wh. 242 ; 4 W. & S. 311 ; 9 W. & S. 66; 2 Barr 
 366; 1 H. 132; 9 C. 44 ; 2 Wr. '273. 
 
 As to claim of mechanics and material men, 11 H. 58. 
 
 As to hill of discovery, 6 S. 215. 
 
 As to arbitration, 1 H. 215. 
 
 As to distribution of estates, 6 W. & S. 190. 
 
 As to perpetuation of testimony, 1 Gr. 114. 
 
 As to claim for removing nuisance, 2 Barr 366. 
 
 As to penalty for marrying a minor, 5 R. 124. 
 
 3. Powers of. 
 
 To make afiSdavit of defence rules, 5 W. & S. 175. 
 
 4. Duty of. 
 
 As to trial of feigned issue in Common Pleas, 5 H. 222. 
 
 DISTRINGAS. 
 
 1. When it lies, 1 D. 312 ; 2 D. 401 ; 2 Y. 240 ; 1 R. 44. 
 
 2. Power of plaintiff over writ of, 1 Y. 171. 
 
 3. Notice of trial, 1 Y. 302. 
 
 4. Not allowed without proviso *ule, 2 Y. 244. 
 
 5. Against a state, 2 D. 401, 402. 
 
 6. Form of narr. in, 1 Y. 505. 
 
 7. Costs on dismissal of, 1 Y. 505. 
 
 DISTURBANCE. 
 
 1. Defined, 1 S. & R. 298. 
 
 2. Of religious societies, 1 W. & S. 548. 
 
 3. Of meeting of school directors, 9 S. 267. 
 
 DIVESTITURE. 
 
 Of title. 
 
 In ejectment, 4 Y. 382. 
 
 DIVIDEND. 
 
 1. Definition of, 19 S. 137. 
 
DIVIDEND— DR^OnCE. 275 
 
 DTVIBE^D—continued. 
 
 2. Accruing, 6 Wr. 479 ; 13 Wr. 276. 
 
 3. Taxation of. See Taxation. 
 
 4. Right of scripiiolder of Lehigh Canal Navigation 
 
 Company to, 13 Wr. 270. 
 
 5. Application of Statute of Limitations to, 6 Barr 52; 
 
 4 C. 330. 
 
 6. Attachment of, 2 H. 306. 
 
 7. Apportionment of among legatees, 6 Wr. 479. 
 
 DIVISION. 
 
 I. Op county. 
 
 Effect of on justice's commission, 4 Y. 399. 
 Effect of on sheriff's sale, 1 S. & R. 120 ; 1 Barr 182. 
 Eflfect of on acknowledgment of deed before justice, 2 S. 
 & R. 455. See County, IIL 
 
 II. Of township. 
 
 1. Petition for, 3 R. 459. 
 
 2. Order to commissioners, 3 R. 459; 5 W. 451; 9 W. & 
 
 S. 22; 5 Barr 447. 
 
 3. Report relative to, 2 S. & R. 402 ; 14 S. & R. 67 ; 
 
 3 R. 459; 2 W. 269; 1 Barr 97. 
 
 4. Effect of support op poor. See Pauper. 
 
 DIVISION LINE. 
 
 Private. See Boundary Lines. 
 
 DIVORCE. 
 
 I. Power of legislature to grant, 4 S. 255, 265. 
 
 II. Jurisdiction of court in, 17 S. & R. 273; 4 W. 154; 
 
 7 W. 349; 8 W. & S. 250 ; 6 C. 412. 
 
 III. Act of March 9, 1855, relative to, construed, 12 
 Wr. 226. 
 
 IV. Defeated by proof of fraud or collusion, 13 S. 450. 
 
 V. From bed and board. 
 
 1. For desertion, 4 R. 460; 1 H. 211; 10 H. 275; 11 
 
 H. 343; 6 C. 412; 9 0. 50 ; 1 Wr. 444; 2 Wr. 241; 
 13 Wr. 249 ; 16 S. 366. 
 
 2. For cruel treatment, 7 W. 349 ; 8 W. & S. 251 ; 6 
 
 Barr 449 ; 10 H. 275 ; 11 H. 343 ; 2 C. 161 ; 1 Wr. 
 225, 227, 443; 12 Wr. 226, 238; 1 Gr. 389; 12 S. 
 206 ; 16 S. 494. 
 
 3. Refusal to receive wife, 8 W. & S. 251. 
 
276 DIVORCF. 
 
 mYORCE— continued. 
 
 4. Petition for, 4 Y. 244, 248 ; 3 S. & R. 48 ; 6 S. & R. 
 
 183; 1 W. 263; 2 C. 161. 
 
 5. Amendment of, 17 S. & R. 273 ; 1 Wr. 443. 
 
 6. Amendment of answer, 9 S. 430. 
 
 7. Trial. 
 
 Evidence in, 2 C. 161. 
 
 8. Waitee of notice of special matter in, 1 C. 161. 
 
 9. Decree in, temporary, 1 Y. 78; 6 S. & R. 187. 
 Offer to renew cohabitation, effect of, 16 S. 366. 
 Suspension of, 2 D. 128 ; 2 B. 202. 
 
 On informal petition, 6 S. & R. 187. 
 
 Effect of reconciliation, 3 Y. 58 ; 2 S. & R. 262 ; 6 Barr 
 
 449 ; 16 S. 366. 
 Vacating, 2 J. 329. 
 Appeal from, 3 B. 30 ; 5 S. & R. 274 ; 9 S. & R. 191 ; 
 
 4 R. 241 ; 2 Wh. 93 ; 9 Barr 166 ; 13 S. 451. 
 Effect of on dower. See Dower. 
 Effect of on alimony. See Alimony. 
 Effect of on recognisance for wife's share of land of 
 
 ancestor, 2 S. & R. 491 ; 9 W. 387. 
 Effect of on debt of husband against wife's distributive 
 
 share, 2 S. & R. 492; 4 R. 177; 6 W. 131; 9 W. 
 
 337.. 
 Effect of on wife's estate, 6 S. 475. 
 Effect of on legacy of wife, 4 R. 177. 
 Effect of on exemption law, 5 S. 290. 
 Costs on, 10 0. 233. 
 Record of, when evidence, 9 W. 327. 
 YI. A vinculo. 
 
 1. Jurisdiction of court in, 17 S. & R. 273 ; 5 S. 380. 
 
 2. DoMiciL OF PARTIES, 7 W. 350 ; W. 327 ; 6 Barr 449, 
 
 451; 6C.416; 5 S. 380. 
 
 3. For what cause, 4 Y. 249; 7 W. 349; 1 H. 211 ; 11 
 
 H. 343; 2 C. 161; 6 C. 412, 417; 9 0. 50; 10 0. 
 233; 1 Wr. 225, 443. 444; 13 Wr. 249; 7 S. 232; 
 13 S. 450. 
 
 4. Governed by law of domicil at time of injury, 7 
 
 W. 349. 
 
 5. Petition for. 
 
 Form of generally, 3 S. & R. 248; 1 W. 263 ; 2 0. 161 : 
 
 6 0. 417; 14 S. 470. 
 As to specific charges, 1 D. 409 ; 4 Y. 244 ; 17 S. & R. 
 
 273; 2 0. 161; 6 C. 420; 14 S. 470. 
 
DIVORCE— DOCKS. 277 
 
 DIY OBiC^— continued. 
 
 Waiver of objection to, 10 H. 275; 2 C. 161. 
 Amendment of, 17 S. & R. 213 ; 6 C. 417; 1 Wr. 443. 
 Affidavit to, 6 C. 417. 
 
 6. Issue when allowed, 10 Wr. 321. 
 
 As to contested facts, 2 Y. 207; 2 C. 161. 
 Form of directed by the court, 5 S. 231. 
 Evidence in, 4 Y. 244; 17 S. & R. 273; 10 H. 275. 
 Rule for depositions in, 1 Y. 404; 9 Barr 166. 
 Withdrawal of juror, 4 Y. 244. 
 Insanity of party, effect of, 6 Barr 332. 
 Removal of parties, effect of, 6 Barr 449. 
 Justification of respondent, 1 Wr. 443. 
 
 7. Decree in. 
 
 Invalid for fraud, 2 J. 325, 328; 4 Wr. 151. 
 
 Not to be reversed collaterally, 4 Wr. 151. 
 
 Vacating, 2 J. 328, 350; 2 Wr. 241. 
 
 Estoppel by assertion of right under, 8 Wr. 274. 
 
 Effect of on settlement of wife, 3 H. 182. 
 
 Effect of on dower, 4 Wr. 151 ; 5 S. 378. 
 
 Effect of on trust for wife, 7 S. 352. 
 
 Effect of on issues, 2 Wr. 439. 
 
 Allowance for wife's pending suit, 7 H. 171; 10 C. 233; 
 
 5 S. 231. 
 Costs in, 10 C. 233. 
 
 8. By court of another state, 5 S. 378; 12 S. 315. 
 
 DOCKET. 
 
 1. Of justice of the peace. SW. Justices, IX. 
 
 2. For mort&ages, what are proper, 8 Wr. 619. 
 
 3. What evidence of, 4 S. & R. 295; 10 W. 63. 
 
 4. Of sheriff not a legal record, 13 S. 299. 
 
 5. Lost, supplied by parol, 10 W. 63. 
 
 6. When a record, 4 Wr. 213; 13 S. 209. 
 
 DOCKS. 
 I. In Philadelphia. 
 
 1. Care of under will of Girard, 5 H. 104. 
 
 2. Contract to build, construed, 6 C. 525. 
 
 3. Remedy for neglect to make, 6 C. 525. 
 
 4. Act of 1864, relative to cleaning, construed, 17 S. 
 
 837. 
 
 5. Duty of port wardens as to, 17 S. 337. 
 
278 DOCUMENT— DONATIO MORTIS CAUSA. 
 
 DOCUMENT. 
 
 Ancient, 7 Wr. 267; 4 W. & S. 378; 7 S. 13, 14. 
 
 DOGS. 
 
 Trespass for killing, 6 Barr 318. 
 
 Defence to action for killing, 6 Barr 318. 
 
 Liability of owner for injury done by, 7 W. & S. 3G9; 7 Barr 
 
 254; 1 H. 193; 7 H. 359; 3 C. 331; 7 C. 437 ; 1 Gr. 
 
 82; 13 S. 341. 
 
 DOMESTIC ATTACHMENT. 
 
 1. Distinguished from foreign, 8 H. 144. 
 
 2. Law relative to, discussed, 6 Wh. 577. 
 
 3. When it lies, 3 W. 144; 4 W. & S. 201. 
 
 4. Against whom, 1 D. 153, 158; 3 Y. 55; 5 B. 457; 1 H. 
 
 130; 8H. 144. 
 
 5. Petition for, 1 D. 151. 
 
 6. Affidavit to petition, 2 Y. 277; 3 W. 144. 
 
 7. Writ. 
 
 When operative out of county, 2 D. 45. 
 By whom executed, 3 P. & W. 230. 
 
 8. Trustee under. 
 
 Appointment of, 9 S. & R. 94. 
 
 When title vests in, 3 P. & W. 230; 3 Wr. 50. 
 
 Action by, 3 P. & W. 230; 1 W. & S. 108. 
 
 Powers of, 4 R. 345; 3 P. & W. 389; 1 W. & S. 108. 
 
 9. Error in, 3 S. & R. 410. 
 
 DOMESTIC DISTILLED SPIRITS. 
 
 Definition of, 14 S. 100. 
 
 DOMICIL. 
 
 1. Of owner of personal property, 6 H. 91; 9 H. 106; 
 
 10 H. 514; 12 H. 502. 
 
 2. Change of, 9 H. 106. 
 
 3. Renewal of, 3 R. 312 ; 9 H. 106. 
 
 4. Of ward, 2 W. & S. 568. 
 
 5. Of guardian, 2 W. & S. 568. 
 
 6. Administrator of, 10 H. 514. See Administrator. 
 
 DONATIO MORTIS CAUSA. 
 
 1. What are subject of, 3 B. 366, 370; 11 H. 59; 3 C. 
 
 119; 1 S. 345; 14 S. 18. 
 
 2. Proof of, 3 B. 366; 2 Wh. 17. 
 
DONATIO MORTIS CAUSA— DOUBLE. 279 
 
 DONATIO MORTIS GMi^K— continued. 
 
 3. When valid, 2 Wh. 17, 22; 6 H. 326; 11 H. 59; 1 S. 
 
 345; 14 S. 18. 
 
 4. Eights of donee, 2 Wh. 28; 11 H. 59; 14 S. 18. 
 
 5. Liability op donee, 11 H. 59. 
 
 6. Effect of subsequent will on, 2 Wh. 17. 
 
 DONATION LANDS. 
 
 1. Who entitled to, 4 B. 89; 4 W. 327. 
 
 2. Correction op name op donee, 12 H. 125. 
 
 3. Location of, 5 R. 348 ; 4 W. 327 ; 8 0. 55. 
 
 4. Mode of appropriating, 1 P. & W. 501; 4 W. & S. 168. 
 
 5. Designation of by numbers, 5 R. 348; 6 W. & S. 475; 
 
 6 S. 35. 
 
 6. Rights op persons entitled to, 1 P. & W. 501; 6 W. 
 
 435 ; 10 H. 256. 
 
 7. Proof op title, 1 W. 57; 4 W. 327 ; 2 Barr 245 ; 1 C. 
 
 887. 
 
 8. Validity of patent for, 1 P. & W. 501. 
 
 9. What included in, 6 S. & R. 155; 4 W. & S. 168. 
 
 10. Power op board op property over, 6 B. 456. 
 
 11. Taxation of, 6 W. 436; 7 W. 516; 8 W. 542; 10 W. 
 
 352; 4 W. & S. 151, 164; 9 Barr 218. 
 
 12. Conveyance of by numbers, construed, 6 S. 85. 
 
 13. Sale for non-payment of taxes, 6 W. 436; 1 C. 387. 
 
 14. Liability op purchaser at void sale, 9 Barr 318; 10 
 
 H. 256. 
 
 DONATION SURVEYS. 
 
 Identified by numbers, 6 W. & S. 475; 6 S. 35. 
 
 DORMANT PARTNERS. See Partnership. 
 
 "DO SELL AND DELIVER." 
 
 Meaning of in contract, 1 Y. 328. 
 
 DOUBLE. 
 
 I. Costs. See Costs. 
 
 II. Insurance. 
 
 What constitutes, 4 B. 529; 5 S. & R. 473; 9 S. & R. 
 
 103; 13 Wr. 14. 
 Recognised in law, 4 D. 351, App. xxxi. 
 Rights of insured under, 4 Y. 168. 
 
280 DOUBLE— DOWER. 
 
 DOUBLE— continued. 
 
 Duty of insurer under. 
 
 As to contribution, 4 D. 351, 348, App. xxxi ; 3 B. 
 295 ; IJ. 615 ; 1 H. 218. See Insurance. 
 III. Taxation, 16 S. 73. See Taxation. 
 
 DOUBT. 
 
 In favor of prisoner, 3 Y. 411. 
 
 DOUBTFUL TITLES. 
 
 1. What are, 8 Wr. 363. 
 
 2. Vendee not bound to accept. See Vendee. 
 
 3. Waiver op, 8 Wr. 363. 
 
 DOWER. 
 
 1. Definition of, 11 H. 447; 11 C. 173. 
 
 2. Is AN estate, 11 C. 173; 4 Wr. 170; 8 Wr. 243. 
 
 3. When it exists generally, 2 S. & R. 554; 5 C. 71; 10 
 
 C. 286 ; 14 Wr. 394. 
 Preference as to over legacies, &c. in will, 8 S. 393. 
 In estate in fee, 4 Y. 526; 13 S. & R. 85; 9 Barr 190. 
 In estates in tail, 1 Y. 389 ; 11 H. 9. 
 In equitable estates, 5 C. 277; 7 C. 149; 10 C. 286. 
 In trust estates, 2 S. & R. 554, 556. 
 In land held by warrant and survey, 2 Y. 169. 
 In land held by improvement, 2 Y. 515. 
 In equity of redemption, 12 S. & R. 18. 
 Act of April 11, 1833, relative to, construed, 1 H. 518. 
 As to woodland, 3 Y. 261. 
 In confiscated lands, 4 D. 21. 
 
 4. Personal liability of owner of land bound by, 4 Wr. 
 
 132. 
 
 5. Lien of, 5 C. 71; 1 Wr. 177 ; 4 Wr. 170 ; 7 Wr. 146 ; 8 
 
 Wr. 243. 
 
 6. Commencement of right to, 4 Y. 526 ; 13 S. & R. 356. 
 
 7. Validity of contract by purchaser to pay, 11 H. 456; 
 
 5 C. 71. 
 
 8. Value of, how estimated, 5 S. & R. 289. 
 
 9. Election of, 2 Y. 205. 
 
 10. Assignment of, 10 S. & R. 326. 
 
 11. Abatement op, 8 W. 463. 
 
 12. Effect of fraudulent mortgage on, 6 S. & R. 531 : 11 
 
 S. & R. 119. 
 
 13. Effect of sale in bankruptcy on, 2 Gr. 84. 
 
 14. Distress for, 1 W. 420 ; 1 W. & g. 400 ; 8 Wr. 220. 
 
DOWER. 281 
 
 DOWER — continued. 
 
 15. Barring of. 
 
 Generally, 1 D. 417, 418; 12 S. & R. 18; 2 H. 417. 
 
 By divorce, 4 Wr. 151; 5 S. 378. 
 
 By adultery, 12 S. 316. 
 
 By mortgage by husband, 2 D. 127; 1 Y. 75; « S. & R. 
 
 531; 11 S. & R. 119. 
 By desertion, 12 S. 308. 
 By execution of contract of decedent, 7 W. 141 ; 4 Barr 
 
 145. 
 By common recovery. 1 Y. 389. 
 By sale of land for debt, 2 D. 128, 298; 4 D. 301; 1 Y. 
 
 129, 533; 2 Y. 301; 4 Y. 530; 3 B. 4; 12 S. & 
 
 R. 12; 5 Barr 60; 8 Barr 126; 1 H. 527; 3 H. 
 
 113; 7 Wr. 146, 231. 
 By assignment of insolvent, 2 Y. 301; 1 H. 527; 3 H. 
 
 113; 5 C. 71. 
 By extinguishment of husband's estate, 1 D. 418; 9 Barr 
 
 190. 
 By devise, 1 D. 417 ; 1 Y. 424 : 2 Y. 302, 389, 433 ; 3 Y. 
 
 10,79; IB. 565; 3 R. 393; 9 W. 263; 1 W. & S. 
 
 160; 2 J. 39; 6 Wr. 479. 
 By acknowledgment of deed by veife. See Deeds. 
 By partition at common law, 1 D. 418. 
 By release, 3 Y. 507; 6 B. 435: 1 S. & R. 15; 5 S. & R. 
 
 309; 10 S. & R. 326; 15 S. & R. 275; 4 W. 89; 
 
 7 Barr 287; 8 Barr 199; 7 H. 361; 11 H. 447. 
 Conveyance in lieu of, 7 Barr 462; 8 Barr 199. 
 Waiver of, 4 D. 300; 3 Y. 507; 6 W. 79; 1 W. & S. 
 
 160; 8 Barr 199; 2 J. 43; 11 H. 447. 
 Eifect on of proceedings to enforce contract of decedent, 
 
 7 W. 141. 
 
 16. Proceedings in court to recover. 
 
 Jurisdiction of Common Pleas in, 9 Barr 190. 
 Demand for, 12 C. 270. 
 
 Power of Orphans' Court over, 7 Wr. 474 ; 14 Wr. 394. 
 Parties to, 8 W. & S. 391 ; 2 J. 149 ; 12 C. 270 ; 7 Wr. 
 
 474. 
 Ejectment for, 5 S. & R. 536 ; 3 Barr 60. 
 Action of dower, 9 S. & R. 424 ; 10 S. & R. 85; 13 S. 
 
 & R. 85, 93; 8 W. 415; 2 Wh. 187; 1 Barr 324; 
 
 3 Barr 60 : 9 Barr 190 ; 5 C. 277. 
 Pleas in, 7 W. 540 : 7 Barr 120 ; 2 J. 135, 152, 285 ; 
 
 12 S. 308. 
 ■ Evidence in, 15 S. & R. 72 ; 16 S. & R. 51 ; 3 W. & S. 
 
 291 ; 4 Barr 145 ; 5 C. 277 ; 12 S. 308. 
 
282 DOWER— DRAINING OF WATER. 
 
 BOWER— continued. 
 
 Verdict in, 17 S. & R. 297 ; 5 W. 255 ; 5 C. 277. 
 
 Amendment of verdict in, 5 C. 277. 
 
 Judgment in, 2 Y. 433; 16 S. & R. 51. 
 
 Damages in, 4 D. 212; 1 Y. 152; 3 Y. 38; 7 W. 583. 
 
 Costs in, 4D. 212, 216; 3 Y. 38. 
 
 Execution in, 5 W. 255. 
 
 Remedy where husband did not die seised, 3 Y. 38 ; 4 D. 
 
 212; 5 S. & R. 289; 15 S. & R. 72; 17 S. & R. 
 
 297; 3 P. & W. 454; 2 J. 38. 
 Right of tenant to enter for, 1 D. 426; 3 Y. 261. 
 Money due heirs on, is personal property, 14 Wr. 101. 
 
 DOWN MONEY. 
 
 Necessity for to complete contract, 17 S. 195. 
 
 DRAFT. 
 
 I. In Mrrcantilb Law. 
 
 1. When a partnership transaction, 4 C. 440. 
 
 2. Notice of nonpayment of, 9 Wr. 193. 
 
 3. Remittance of for joint owners of fund, 4 D. 136. 
 
 4. Reciprocal rights and duties of bankers relative 
 
 TO, 4 R. 384 ; 5 Wr. 252. 
 
 5. Right of holder of, 12 S. & R. 77; 7 W. & S. 331; 8 
 
 Wr. 356; 6 0. 137. 
 
 6. Fraudulent, 12 S. & R. 77. 
 
 7. Liability of drawer to holder, 6 0. 137. 
 
 8. Evidence in action on by assignee of, 8 Wr. 356, 357. 
 
 II. Of lands. 
 
 By surveyor, when evidence. See Ancient Draft ; 
 Survey. 
 
 III. Of town plot. 
 
 Approval of by court, 10 Barr 93. 
 
 Authenticity of, 10 Barr 93 ; IJ. 434 ; 4 H. 79 : 4 Wr. 506. 
 
 When evidence, 10 Barr 93; 4 Wr. 506; 5 Wr. 63; 20 
 
 S. 199. 
 When part of deed for town lots, 12 Wr. 253; 14 Wr. 
 
 499; 6 S. 431; 17 S. 9 ; 19 S. 346; 20 S. 199. 
 
 DRAINING OF WATER. 
 
 1. Action for injury arising from, 12 H. 449. 
 
 2 Right of lot owners as to, 8 W. & S. 40 ; 11 Wr. 154 ; 
 • 17 S. 351 ; 18 S. 324. 
 
 3 Duty of adjoining land owners as to, 8 W. & S. 410; 
 
 11 Wr. 154; 17 S. 351; 18 S. 324. 
 
DRAINS— DUELLING. 283 
 
 DRAINS. 
 
 1. Liability op municipal corporation for injury from, 
 
 12 H. 449 ; 11 C. 32 I ; 4 Wr. 364. 
 
 2. Liability of to construct and repair, 4 Wr. 364. 
 
 DRAWER. 
 
 Of bills and notes. See Bills and Notes. 
 
 DRIFT WOOD. 
 
 Ownership of, 4 H. 398. 
 
 DRINKING SALOONS. 
 
 Taxation of to support police force in boroughs, 12 S. 498. 
 
 DRUNKARD. See Lunatics and Drunkards. 
 
 DRUNKENNESS. 
 
 Effect of on validity of contract. See Contract 28. 
 
 DRY TRUST. See Trusts. 
 
 DUCKING STOOL. 
 
 Abolition of, 12 S. & R. 200, 231. 
 
 DUE. 
 
 Definition of, 5 H. 447; 10 Barr 123. 
 
 DUE AND PAYABLE. 
 
 Meaning of, 10 Barr 123 ; 5 H. 447. 
 
 DUE BILL. 
 
 1. EoRM OF, 2 H. 315. 
 
 2. Of what evidence, 1 H. 60. 
 
 3. Evidence in action for, 4 W. 258. 
 
 4. Set off in action by assignee of, 5 C. 475. 
 
 DUE COURSE OF LAW. 
 Meaning of, 7 Wr. 295. 
 
 DUE DILIGENCE. 
 
 1. Defined, 2 S. li 0. 
 
 2. When a question of law, 5 Barr 178 ; 6 H. 261. 
 
 3. When a question of fact, 1 D. 256 ; 16 S. & R. 79 ; 3 
 
 P. & W. 18 ; 3 Wh. 116 ; 5 Barr 178 ; 6 H. 261 ; 2 S. 
 190. 
 
 DUELLING. 
 
 1. Indictment for, 4 S. & R. 127. 
 
 2. Costs on, 4 S. & R. 127. 
 
284 DUE PEOCESS OF LAW— DYING. 
 
 DUE PROCESS OF LAW. 
 Meaning of, 3 S. 112, 117. 
 
 DULY PROSECUTED. 
 Meaning of, 2 J. 230. 
 
 DULY SWORN. 
 
 Meaning of, 7 Barr 277 ; 10 H. 355. 
 
 DUNCAN, THOMAS. 
 
 Obituary notice of, 17 S. & R, 459. 
 
 DUPLICITY. 
 
 In pleading. See Pleas. 
 
 In indictment. See Indictment. 
 
 DURESS. 
 
 1. What constitutes, 2 W. 165; 12 H. 342; 10 C. 112, 
 
 365, 372; 9 S. 444; 18 S. 486. 
 
 2. Defence to suit on paper procured by, 9 Barr 13; 9 S. 
 
 444. 
 
 3. Action to recover money paid under, 6 C. 56; 10 C. 
 
 142. 
 
 4. Validity op will executed under. See Will. 
 
 DURING WIDOWHOOD. 
 
 Effect of in will. See Condition ; Will. 
 
 DUTIES, IMPOST AND EXCISE. 
 
 1. Definition of, 1 D. 197 ; 3D 173. 
 
 2. Liquidation of, 4 D. 376. 
 
 3. Liability of ship for, 1 D. 204; 4 D. 374 App. xxxiv. 
 
 DYER. 
 
 Contract of for re-delivery of goods by, 3 S. 204. 
 
 DYING. 
 
 1. Without issue, meaning of in will, 2 Y. 375, 387, 400 
 
 2 B. 387; 1 S. i R. 144; 3 S. & R. 470; 4 S. & R 
 409; 6 S. & R. 29, 460; 15 S. & R. 148; 17 S. & R 
 294, 441; 6 W. 18, 21; 9 W. 447; 1 Wli. 4; 7 W. & 
 S. 96, 279; 2 Barr 69; 9 Barr 130; 6 H. 72; 11 H. 9 
 1 Wr. 46; 4 Wr. 18; 13 Wr. Ill; 2 S. 257; 4 S. 148; 
 10 S. 141; 14 S. 268; 19 S. 190. 
 
 2. "Intestate and without issue," meaning of in will, 
 
 -10 S. 155. 
 
DYING— EASEMENT. 285 
 
 DYING — continued. 
 
 3. "Without lawful issue," meaning of in will, 11 H. 9; 
 
 4 Wr. 18; 13 Wr. Ill; 2 S. 257; 11 S. 248; 12 S. l.s;j. 
 
 4. "Without legal heirs," meaning of in will, 1 Wr. 
 
 461; 1 Gr. 60; 7 S. 149. 
 
 5. "Without heirs of the body," meaning of in will, 10 
 
 Barr 498; 5 S. 487. 
 
 6. "Before marriage," meaning of, 9 W. 450; 4 H. 327. 
 
 7. "Before attaining full age," meaning op, 14 S. 15. 
 
 DYING DECLARATIONS. 
 
 Admissibility of in evidence, 1 Y. 415; 7 C. 198; 1 Gr. 123. 
 
 EARNINGS. 
 
 1. Of minors. See Minors. 
 
 2. Of married WOMEN. jS'ee Husband; Married Women. 
 
 3. Of PROPERTY RECEIVED IN FRAUD OF CREDITORS, 3 Barr 293. 
 
 EASEMENT. 
 
 1. Definition of, 2 0. 438; 1 S. 43; 4 S. 361; 5 S. 164. 
 
 2. Are encumbrances, 5 H. 222; 10 Wr. 229; 12 Wr. 107. 
 
 3. Creation of. 
 
 By deed, 10 W. 422; 1 Wh. 322; 12 H. 186; 7 C. 514; 
 
 2 Gr. 462. 
 By parol, 4 Barr 173; 9 C. 169; 3 S. 206. 
 By will, 9 W. 360; 1 Wh. 123. 
 By dedication of owner of land, 1 Wh. 323; 7 Barr 488; 
 
 5 C. 22; 19 S. 110. 
 By user, 9 S. & R. 26; 8 W. 51; 2 Wh. 426; 6 Wh. 
 
 193; 10 Barr 128; 2 11.514; 12 H. 188; 5C. 22; 
 
 9 C. 368. 
 
 By reservation in deed, 4 S. 361. 
 
 By implication, 8 Barr 383; 5 H. 222; 11 II. 333; 12 
 II. 186; 9 C. 368. 
 , By acceptance of deed for land bound by, 8 S. & R. 92 ; 
 
 10 W. 422; 5 H. 222; 12 II. 186; 2 C. 438; 11 
 Wr. 239; 12 Wr. 178; 14 Wr. 417; 19 S. 110. 
 
 By partition of real estate, 6 Wh 307. 
 
 Sale of land without express reservation of, 8 Barr 383. 
 
 Need not be reserved in deed, when manifest on land, 8 
 
 Barr 383; 12 Wr. 178. 
 Notice of, 4 Barr 173; 11 11. 334; 19 S. 110, 119. 
 Grant of construed, 6 Wh. 192; 7 C. 514; 4 S. 361. 
 
 4. Abandonment of, 5 B. 574; 9 0. 268; 19 S. 216. 
 
 5. Merger of in fee, 1 C. 161 ; 2 C. 438; 11 Wr. 239; 12 
 
 S. 252. 
 
286 EASEMENT— EJECTMENT. 
 
 BASEME'NT— continued. 
 
 6. Severance of dominant and servient tenements, 2 C, 
 
 438; 12 Wr. 178; 19 S. 216. 
 
 7. Rights of vendee of land subject to, 1 S. & R. 227; 6 
 
 S. & R. 71; 4 W. 223; 10 W. 422; 6 Wh. 307 ; 8 Ban- 
 500; 11 H. 333. 
 
 8. Liability of vendee of land subject to, 8 Barr 500, 
 
 383; 11 H. 333; 10 Wr. 229; 12 Wr. 107, 178. 
 
 9. Proper use of, 1 Wh. 322; 6 Wh. 193; 12 H. 186; 2 Gr. 
 
 462; 4 S. 361. 
 
 10. Forfeiture of by misuser, 1 R. 318; 3 R. 76; 2 Wh. 
 
 122; 6 Wh. 584; 6 Wh. 193; 12 H. 180; 5 C. 22. 
 
 11. Forfeiture of by non-user, 1 S. 43. See Non-user. 
 
 12. When subject to sale on execution, 8 H. 200. 
 
 13. Remedy for interference with, 2 Barr 44; 4 Barr 486 ; 
 
 2 H. 514; 12 H. 470; 5 C. 22. 
 
 14. Competency op parties as witnesses, 8 W. 434. 
 
 15. Injunction to prevent disturbance of, 1 Wr. 503 ; 2 
 
 Wr. 102. 
 
 16. ExTiNouisHMENT OP, 7 C. 475; 19 S. 216. 
 
 17. Protection of, in making public improvements, 10 
 
 Barr 93. 
 
 EASTON. 
 
 Jurisdiction of Quarter Sessions over roads in, 3 R. 95. 
 
 EAST PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD COMPANY. 
 Power of directors to increase stock, 8 S. 330. 
 
 EDWARD SHIPPEN. 
 Resignation of, 4 Y. 278. 
 
 EDUCATION. 
 
 Money expended for, not an advancement, 4 Wr. 57; 13 S. 
 309. 
 
 EFFECTS. 
 
 Meaning of in will, 2 W. 61. 
 
 EJECTMENT. 
 
 L Amicable, 6 B. 333. 
 II. Adverse. 
 
 1. Where to be brought, 8 W. 373. 
 
 2. Effect of Act op 1806 on, 6 B. 333; 1 S. & R. 211 ; 
 
 4 S. & R. 134; 11 S. & R. 57 ; 3 P. & W. 344; 3 W. 
 & S. 183; 3 Barr 97. 
 
EJECTMENT. 287 
 
 EJECTWEl^T— continued. 
 
 3. When it lies. 
 
 To try title to real estate, 1 D. 67 ; 4 D. 154 ; 2 Y. 231, 
 
 416; 2 S. & R. 65; 3 S. & R. 283; 4 S. & R. 295; 
 
 8 S. &R. 881; 9 W. 64; 16 S. 319. 
 To recover possession of real estate, 1 Y. 160 ; 2 Y. 309 ; 
 
 4 B. 283; 2 S. & R. 60; 9 S. & R. 31; 11 S. & R. 
 
 57; 3 P. & W. 392 ; 9 Barr 273; 1 H. 565; 7 H. 
 
 434; 1 0. 399; 8 C. 376; 19 S. 64, 
 
 4. On mortgage, 1 B. 175, 177 ; 2 B. 153 ; 9 S. & R. 304 ; 
 
 10 S. & R. 261; 12 S. & R. 240; 13 S. & R. 167; 
 16 S. & R. 245, 251 ; 2 R. 166; 2 W. 282, 283; 1 H. 
 406; 3 C. 504; 15 S. 278. 
 
 5. On appeal from decision op board of property, 4 D. 
 
 154; 2 Y. 416. 
 
 6. For land covered by right of way, 9 S. & R. 26, 
 
 31. 
 
 7. For land north and ^yEST of the Ohio river, 2 Y. 
 
 227 ; 9 W. 64. 
 
 8. For land within original survey, 4 Y. 38. 
 
 9. For islands, 4 Y. 107. 
 
 10. For incorporeal hereditaments, 2 Y. 33, 383. 
 
 11. For life estate in land, 2 J. 147. 
 
 12. For real estate op wipe, 1 Y. 351; 7 "W. 113; 5 
 
 Barr 103; 1 H. 565; 10 Wr. 455. 
 
 13. For husband's interest in wife's real estate, 1 H. 
 
 565. 
 
 14. To enforce execution of trust, 8 S. & R. 484; 1 W. 
 
 533; 6 W. 136; 4 W. & S. 149; 7 Barr 420; 6 H. 
 283; 11 H. 265.. 
 
 15. To enforce license to occupy real estate, 13 S. 
 
 403. 
 
 16. To enforce condition in deed, 4 S. & R. 528; 5 S. & 
 
 R. 36; 7 W. 144; 9 W. 15, 19, 60; 5 Barr 240, 241; 
 8 Barr 26 ; IS. 119. 
 
 17. To enforce condition in contract of sale, 7 W. 144. 
 Of widow and children, 5 S. & R. 36; 9 W. 19, 60. 
 
 18. To enforce payment of purchase-money, 1 Y. 13; 6 
 
 B. 118; 4 S. & R. 301; 7 S. & R. 210, 297; 3 R. 
 326; 2 W. 282; 5 W. 164; 9 W. 15; 3 Wh. 18; 5 
 Barr 112, 403, 500; 1 J. 334; 2 H. 331, 342; 3 C. 
 418; 8 C. 43; 5 Wr. 364; 8 Wr. 473; 10 Wr. 96; 
 1 Gr. 448. 
 
288 EJECTMENT. 
 
 EJEGIMENT— continued. 
 
 20. To ENFORCE SPECIFIC PERFORMANCE OF CONTRACT FOR 
 SALE OP LAND. See SPECIFIC PERFORMANCE. 
 
 III. Parties to action. 
 1. Plaintiff. 
 
 Assignee of mortgagee's administrator, 1 B. 175, 177; 
 
 9 S. & R. 304. 
 
 Alienee of disseised owner, 2 Gr. 99. 
 
 Cestui que trust, 1 D. 72; 8 S. & R. 484; 9 S. & R. 91 ; 
 
 1 W. 59; 5 W. 423; 9 W. 59, 64 ; 1 Wh. 521 ; 1 
 
 W. & S. 9, 56; 4 W. & S. 149; 2 Barr 62; 6 H. 
 
 283; 2 C. 227; 8 C. 18; 1 Wr. 31; 9 Wr. 216. 
 Cestui que use, 9 W. 64; 5 W. & S. 427. 
 Committee of lunatic, 2 H. 121. 
 Devisee, 2 Y. 425, 426; 7 W. 51; 1 H. 79; 8 H. 248; 
 
 13 S 332 
 Executors, 8 H. 248; 4 C. 17. 
 Heirs, 3 Y. 570 ; 5 S. & R. 536 ; 3 P. & W. 479 ; 7 W. 
 
 116; 7 W. & S. 246; 4 W. & S. 437 ; 6 Barr 196; 
 
 10 Wr. 342. 
 
 Husband and wife, 1 Y. 351; 7 W. 113; 5 Barr 103 ; 1 
 
 H. 565; 10 Wr. 455. 
 Landlord, 1 Y. 160 ; 2 Y. 309; 4 B. 283; 2 S. & R. 50; 
 
 3 P. & W. 392 ; 5 W. 55 ; 8 W. & S. 340 ; 9 Barr 
 
 273 ; 2 J. 147 ; 7 H. 434; 1 C. 399 ; 8 C. 376. 
 Insolvent debtor, 3 Y. 520. 
 Legatee, 8 H. 248. 
 Lessee of coal mines, 3 S. 319. 
 Mortgagor, 1 Y. 13; 1 B. 175, 177; 2 B. 153 ; 5 B. 
 
 504; 9 S. & R. 304; 10 S. & R. 261; 12 S. & R. 
 
 240; 13 S. & R. 167; 16 S. & R. 245, 251; 2 W. 
 
 282, 283; 1 H. 406 ; 15 S. 278. 
 Joint tenants, 4 Y. 577. 
 Minor, 1 W. 330 ; 3 Barr 256. 
 Settler, 2 B. 124. 
 
 Purchaser of unseated land, 9 W. 341; 1 W. 
 Sheriff's vendee, 1 Y. 21, 195, 300; 7 S. & 
 
 S. & R. 393 ; 2 P. & W. 223 ; 3 W. 223 ; 
 
 3 Wh. 250 ; 6 W. & S. 504; 6 H. 454 ; 
 Tenants in common, 3 Y. 285 ; 9 S. & R. 87 ; 10 S. & 
 
 R. 182 ; 12 S. & R. 435 ; 3 P. & W. 392 ; 8 W. 51 : 
 
 1 W. & S. 184 ; 8 W. & S. 127 ; 1 H. 376 ; 6 Wr. 
 
 389' 7 Wr. 521' 3 S. 422. 
 Vendor, 1 Y. 12 ; 5 W. 164 ; 7 W. 144 ; 9 W. 15 ; 3 Wli. 
 
 18; IJ. 334; 2 H. 331, 342. 
 Vendee, 2 Y. 294 ; 3 Y. 177 ; 4 Y. 192 ; 2 S. & R. 352 ; W 
 
 S. & R. 39, 103 ; 13 S. & R. 360 ; 4 W. 287 ; 7 W. 144 ; 
 
 & S. 501. 
 
 R. 265; 17 
 
 ;5W. 272; 
 
 14 S. 58. 
 
EJECTMENT. 289 
 
 l^JEGTWENT— continued. 
 
 9 W. 15, 49. 497 ; 5 W. & S. 427; 2 Barr 122; 2 H. 
 
 143 ; 7 H. 380, 484 ; 1 C. 399 ; 3 C. 285 ; 5 C. 272. 
 Widow, 5 S. & R. 536; 7 W. 115; 7 W. & S. 246; 6 
 
 Barr 196. 
 Trustees, 8 Y. 570; 12 S. & R. 448; 3 P. & W. 426. 
 
 2. Joinder of plaintiffs, 3 Wh. 178; 4 W. & S. 362; 14 
 
 Wr. 461. 
 
 3. Substitution of parties, 2 D. 151 ; 8 S. & R. 130; 
 
 9 S. &R. 91; 11 S. & R. 421: 1 R. 424; 3 P. & W. 
 426; 5 W. 55; 7 W. 406; 8 W. 522; 3 W. & S. 158; 
 5 W. & S. 427; 1 Barr 491 ; 4 Barr 420 ; 1 J. 540 ; 
 2 J. 301; 6 H. 337; 12 H. 92; 4 C. 144, 146; 2 Gr. 
 99; 20 S. 378. 
 
 4. Parties defendant. 
 
 Landlord, 2 D. 150, 151; 1 Y. 160; 11 S. & R. 421; 1 
 
 R. 424 ; 5 W. 55 ; 2 J. 301. 
 Mortgagor, 1 Y. 13; 1 B. 175, 177; 2 B. 153; 5 B. 
 
 504, 9 S. & R. 304; 10 S. & R. 261; 12 S. & R. 
 
 240 ; 13 S. & R. 167; 16 S. & R. 245, 251 ; 2 W. 
 
 282, 283; 1 H. 406 ; 15 S. 278. 
 Tenant in common, 3 Y. 285 ; 9 S. & R. 87: 10 S. & R. 
 
 182 ; 12 S. & R. 435 ; 3 P. & W. 392 ; 8 W. 51 ; 1 
 
 W. & S. 184; 8 W. & S. 127; 1 H. 376; 6 Wr. 
 
 389; 7 Wr. 521; 3 S. 422. 
 Terre tenant. See Terre Tenant. 
 Husband, effect of on wife's title, 8 Wr. 466. 
 Railroad companies, 16 S. 404. 
 Soldiers in military service, 13 S. 413. 
 
 5. Joinder of defendants, 4 Y. 136; 2 B. 59; 3 S. & R. 
 
 130 ; 1 R. 425 ; 5 W. 55 ; 3 W. & S. 130 ; 2 J. 301. 
 
 6. Severance of defendants in, 3 Wh. 178 ; 3 W. & S. 
 
 334 ; 14 Wr. 461. 
 
 IV. Entry in. 
 
 What constitutes right of, 3 D. 425, 426. 
 
 Necessity for, 3 D. 425, 426 ; 1 P. & W. 6 ; 3 W. 205. 
 
 V. Demand when necessary, 3 S. & R. 423; 9 S. & 
 
 R. 87. 
 
 VI. Tender in, 2 Y. 346 ; 4 B. 31, 441 ; 3 S. & R. 324, 
 432; 4 S. & R. 22; 2 P. & W. 144; 2 W. 66, 478 ; 5 W. 
 167; 6 W. 137; 9 W. 318; 10 W. 139; 1 W. & S. 128; 
 3 W. & S. 481 ; 8 W. & S. 172 ; 9 W. & S. 197; 2 Barr 
 13 ; 4 Barr 251; 1 H. 359; 4 H. 499 ; 6 H. 79 ; 11 H. 
 321 ; 4 C. 433 ; 8 C. 43 ; 8 Wr. 473; 11 Wr. 353 ; 1 Gr. 
 67 ; 8 S. 410 ; 19 S. 444. 
 
 19 
 
290 EJECTMENT. 
 
 EJECTMENT— cowimMec^. 
 VII. Procbbdincjs in. 
 
 1. Peecipe. 
 
 As to parties, 1 Y. 20. See ante, III. 
 
 When a substitute for formal description, 2 B. 436; 6 B. 
 
 99. 
 Advertisement under Act of 1851, 6 S. 176. 
 
 2. Writ. 
 
 Form of, 4 S. & R. 271, 281. 
 
 Service, 4 Y. 416; 10 S. & R. 151; 10 Wr. 471; 1 S. 
 
 216; 6 S. 179; 13 S. 414. 
 Addition of parties by sheriff, 6 B. 55. 
 Duty of defendant on, 3 W. & S. 158; 5 W. 65; 4 W. 
 
 & S. 189. 
 Return to, 2 Y. 14; 9 S. & R. 39; 13 S. & R. 110: 1 J. 
 
 207; 14 Wr. 475; 6 S. 179. 
 Proof of possession, 9 S. & R. 26; 10 S. & R. 151, 152; 
 
 13 S. & R. 110, 111. 
 When notice, 2 S. & R. 49; 3 W. 306. 
 
 3. Appearance in. 
 
 Eifect of, 4 Y. 134, 272; 2 Y. 172 ; 3 S. & R. 409; 7 S. 
 
 & R. 203; 1 H. 433; 5 Wr. 364; 10 Wr. 436. 
 Judgment for default of, 4 Y. 560 ; 14 S. & R. 273 ; 3 P. 
 
 & W. 70; 6 Wh. 176; 3 W. & S. 501; 1 J. 206; 10 
 
 Wr. 471 ; 16 S. 138. 
 
 4. Abandonment of possession after suit, 3 Barr 365. 
 
 5. Sale by defendant after suit, 2 Barr 100 ; 6 H. 377. 
 
 6. Sale by plaintiff after suit, 12 H. 92. 
 
 7. Discontinuance of suit, 12 H. 92. 
 
 8. Declaration in. 
 
 When unnecessary, 6 B. 36, 99 ; 4 Wr. 501. 
 Form of. 
 
 As to parties, 10 Barr 497. 
 
 As to description of property, 4 B. 77 ; 6 B. 36, 99, 
 
 101; 4 S. & R. 271, 279, 280; 5 S. & R. 143; 
 
 7 S. & R. 99, 101: 3 P. & W. 228; 5 W. 371; 
 
 10 Barr 497; 4 H. 305; 8 H. 25; 2 Wr. 69; 4 
 
 Wr. 341,492; 1 S. 491. 
 As to title, 1 Y. 197; 8 W. 81. 
 Surplusage in, 1 Y. 518. 
 Amendment of, 1 D. 133; 2 D. 97, 256; 1 Y. 509, 
 
 513; 2 Y. 186, 536; 6 B. 55, 115, 450; 4 H. 
 
 305. 
 
 9. Disclaimer in, 3 Y. 170; 4 Y. 272; 3 W. 161; 5 W. 
 
 69; 3Wh. 191; 5Wh. 170, 187; 2 Barr 453; 3 Barr 
 
EJECTMENT. 291 
 
 EJECTMENT— conizwMetZ. 
 
 867; 1 H. 433; 7 H. 434, 438; 12 H. 348; 7 Wr. 
 521,525; 11 Wr. 220; IS. 216; 6S.35; 16 S. 319. 
 
 10. Pleas in. 
 
 In abatement, 4 S. & R. 271, 279, 280; 1 W. 76 ; 5 W. 
 
 423; 3Barr 365, 367. 
 Liberum tenementum, 7 W. 367. 
 Eviction by stranger, 7 Barr 205. 
 Title acquired after suit brought, 8 W. 81. 
 Outstanding title, 2 H. 331 ; 11 H. 254. 
 Possession under adverse claimant, 3 W. 449; 5 Wh. 
 
 170. 
 Confession by, 1 D. 126; 3 Wh. 191. 
 Joint plea, 12 S. & R. 435; 3 Wh. 191; 6 Barr 252. 
 Lease, entry and ouster, practice as to confession of, 1 D. 
 
 126. 
 Several plea by joint defendants, 12 S. & R. 435. 
 By terre tenant, 5 Wh. 170. 
 General issue, 4 Y. 272; 3 S. & R. 409; 4 S. &R. 279; 
 
 5 W. 70; 9 W. 98; 3 Barr 365; 1 H. 433; 7 H. 
 
 438; 7 AVr. 521; 2 S. 436. 
 Amendment of plea, 1 W. & S. 445. 
 Power of court to enter, 8 Wr. 466. 
 Judgment for want of, 3 P. & W. 70. 
 
 11. Nonsuit in, 2 S. & R. 405; 7 W. & S. 246; 6 Barr 
 
 196; 5 C. 200. 
 
 12. AwAKD IN, 1 Y. 156; 6 B. 36. 
 
 13. Trial of. 
 
 When unnecessary prohibited, 7 S. & R. 90. 
 
 Joint trial in, 4 Y. 134, 136. 
 
 Second for same premises, 7 S. & R. 95; 7 H. 157; 2 
 
 J. 246. 
 After disclaimer, 3 W. & S. 355 ; 2 Barr 101 ; 3 Barr 
 
 367. 
 Stay of until payment of costs of former, 2 J. 246. 
 May be referred, 1 Y. 156 ; 6 B. 36. 
 Duty of equitable defendant on, 12 H. 76 ; 8 C. 43. 
 Right of counsel to begin and conclude to jury, 1 Y. 304. 
 What papers go out with jury in, 10 Wr. 385. 
 Duty of court, 3 Y. 177; 12 H. 28; 5 C. 272; 2 Barr 
 
 122. 
 Duty of "jury, 3 Y. 177; 2 Barr 122; 5 C. 272. 
 Evidence in for plaintiff. 
 
 As to title, 1 D. 67; 1 Y. 21, 195; 2 Y. 264, 294, 
 
 809, 577; 4 Y. 382, 577; 2 S. & R. 53, 65, 
 
 67; 3 S. & R. 288; 4 S. & R. 207, 295; 7 S. 
 
292 EJECTMENT. 
 
 EJECTMENT— cow^OTwec^. 
 
 6 R. 230, 269; 9 S. & R. 47; 10 S. & R. 84; 11 
 S. & R. 55; 14 S. & R. 382; 15 S. & R. 221; 1 R. 
 371; 1 P. & W. 7; 3 W. 95, 151; 4 W. 442; 5 W. 
 385; 6 W. 292; 7 W. 51: 9 W. 64, 341; 3 Wh. 
 20; 1 W. & S. 9, 601; 3 W. & S. 45, 261; 5 W. & 
 S- 266, 427; 8 W. & S. 340; 3 H. 483; 6 H. 377 ; 
 
 7 H. 434: 10 H. 151 ; 11 H. 199, 215, 254; 2 C 
 95; 5 C. 272; 7 C. 120; 10 0. 38; 12 Wr. 187; 3 
 S. 427; 6 S. 144. 
 
 As to possession, 2 D. 94; 1 S. & R. 515; 2 S. & R. 
 53 ; 3 S. & R. 278 ; 9 S. & R. 26; 4 W. 442 ; 8 W. 
 55; 9 W. 341; 1 W. & S. 9; 1 Barr 295; 3 H. 
 483; 7 H. 434; 10 H. 151 ; 11 H. 199 ; 12 H. 72 ; 
 
 8 C. 376. 
 
 As to ouster, 3 H. 483. 
 
 As to acts done since suit brought, 3 Y. 290 ; 4 Y. 382 ; 
 
 3 Barr 365; 6 H. 377. 
 Where party was not declared against in former suit, 10 
 
 Wr. 236. 
 Record of previous suit, 4 D. 120 ; 1 Y. 521 ; 6 B. 430; 
 
 7 S. & R. 97; 14 S. & R. 153, 388; 1 W. & S. 445: 
 
 6 W. & S. 290; 9 W. & S. 62; 2 P. & W. 223; 7 
 
 W. 20; 10 W. 222; 4 Barr 309 ; 2 Wr. 222; 4 Wr. 
 
 492; 2 Gr. 229. 
 Record of action of trespass on same property, 4 Wr. 
 
 492. 
 As to improvements, 7 S. & R. 147, 220; 11 S. & R. 
 
 337; 3 R. 326; 7 W. 318; 3 W. & S. 481; 9 
 
 W. & S. 323, 456; 9 Barr 54, 152; 1 J. 419; 7 C. 
 
 456. 
 Declarations of defendant, 1 D. 193; 1 Y. 196; 14 S. & 
 
 R. 354; 17 S. & R. 445; 7 W. 532; 8 W. 519; 7 
 
 W. & S. 458; 6 H. 377. 
 As to payment of taxes, 1 W. 324; 8 W. & S. 139; 6 
 
 Barr 339. 
 As to fraudulent sale to defendant, 6 W. 137; 6 W. & S. 
 
 122. 
 Competency of witnesses in, 2 Y. 163, 333; 16 S. & R. 
 
 269; 5 W. 308; 1 W. & S. 331; 3 W. & S. 526; 2 
 
 Barr 453; 9 Barr 400; 14 Wr. 461. 
 Competency of ex parte affidavits in, 2 Y. 476. 
 Evidence for defendant, 4 Y. 272; 7 S. & R. 147, 220; 
 
 11 S. & R. 337; 12 S. & R. 143; 14 S. & R. 153; 
 
 1 R. 370; 3 R. 326, 7 W. 318; 10 W. 67; 1 W. 
 
 & S. 445, 501; 2 W. & S. 107; 3 W. & S. 481; 4 
 
 W. & S. 294; 6 W. & S. 469; 8 W. & S. 19, 340; 
 
EJECTMENT. 293 
 
 EJECTMENT— con^mwec?. 
 
 9 W. & S. 323, 456; 1 Barr 295, 302; 3 Barr 365; 
 
 1 J. 429, 196; 4 H. 305; 8 H. Ill; 10 H. 139; 11 
 H. 215; 7 C. 456; 14 Wr. 461; 2 Gr. 17,229,231; 
 
 2 S. 436; 19 S. 81. 
 
 Inadmissibilitj of outstanding equity in third party, 3 P. 
 
 6 W. 426; 1 W. 534; 8 W. 519; 10 W. 470; 1 
 Barr 491 ; 4 C. 124. 
 
 14. Verdict in. 
 
 Generally, 7 0. 432; 4 Wr. 492; 10 Wr. 96. 
 Against portion of defendants, 3 W. & S. 334. 
 Against party not served, 3 W. 224. 
 Where one of several tenants in common has confessed 
 
 judgment, 3 S. 422. 
 For part of land claimed, 3 W. & S. 460 ; 7 W. & S. 
 
 246. 
 On plea of liberum tenementum, 7 W. 367. 
 Where plaintiff has parted with title since suit brought, 5 
 
 W. & S. 427; 6 H. 377; 12 H. 92. 
 Where suit is for purchase-money, 6 Barr 390 ; 10 Wr. 
 
 96 ; 1 Gr. 448. 
 Where defendant shows contract and pays money into 
 
 court, 8 C. 43. 
 Certainty required in, 10 S. & R. 153 ; 17 S. & R. 293, 
 
 431 ; 2 W. 28 ; 5 W. 37, 79, 391 ; 7 W. & S. 246 ; 
 
 7 Barr 273 ; 11 C. 40!) ; 2 Wr. 69 ; 4 Wr. 492 ; 10 
 Wr. 96 ; 12 S. 461. 
 
 May refer to diagram or deed for description, 12 S. 461. 
 
 Conditional. See Conditional Verdict. 
 
 For damages, 3 D. 86, 103 ; 4 D. 138 ; 1 Y. 156, 159, 
 
 182 ; 3 Y. 14 ; 4 Y. 382 ; 4 S. & R. 130 ; 2 P. & W. 
 
 159 ; 2 Wh. 230 ; 2 W. & S. 27 : 3 Barr 93 ; 8 Barr 
 
 249 ; 2 J. 56 ; 8 C. 131 ; 1 Wr. 312 ; 10 Wr. 233 ; 
 
 11 Wr. 220. 
 For mesne profits, 4 Wh. 230 ; 2 W. & S. 297 ; 3 Barr 90. 
 For costs, 1 Y. 156, 502 ; 4 Y. 382 ; 4 S. & R. 130 ; 2 
 
 P. & W. 159 ; 7 W. 341 ; 8 Barr 365 ; 8 Barr 249 ; 
 
 1 Wr. 312; 10 Wr. 233 ; 11 Wr. 220 ; 16 S. 319. 
 Effect of on personal estate of deceased vendee, 5 Barr 
 
 500. 
 Effect on right to mesne profits. Ses Mesne Profits. 
 Effect of one verdict, 1 Y. 521 ; 4 Y. 13, 18 ; 4 B. 180 ; 1 
 
 S. & R. 128 ; 1 W. 330 ; 7 W. 20, 3*37 ; 9 W. 496, 497 
 
 7 W. & S. Ill ; 4 Barr 309 ; 1 J. 355 ; 2 H. 342 
 
 3 H. 14 ; 1 C. 506 ; 3 C. 462 ; 4 C. 66 ; 7 C. 432 
 
 4 Wr. 213; 10 Wr. 9. 
 
294 EJECTMENT— ELECTION. 
 
 'EJECTMENT— continued. 
 
 Effect of two verdicts, 14 S. & R. 301 ; 1 W. 344 ; 7 W. 
 
 & S. 137 ; 2 Barr 267 ; 5 Wr. 352 ; 7 Wr. 445 ; 10 
 
 Wr. 9. 
 Amendment of, 12 Wr. 387. 
 
 15. Judgment in. 
 
 By confession, 5 S. 446. 
 
 For default of appearance, 14 S. & R. 273 ; 3 P. & W. 
 
 70; 5 Wh. 176; 3 W. & S. 501; 1 J. 206; 10 Wr. 
 ; , 471; 16 S. 138. 
 
 On verdict, 5 Wh. 170; 1 C. 399. 
 
 Against party omitted in declaration, 10 Wr. 236. 
 
 Who concluded by, 6 B. 450 ; 9 W. 496; 6 W. & S. 369. 
 
 Power of court to control, 1 Y. 359 ; 2 B. 93 ; 8 C. 204, 
 
 307; 3 S. 463. 
 Effect of on unpaid purchase-money, 7 C. 58. 
 Effect of as proof of plaintiff's right at commencement of 
 
 suit, 2 W. & S. 313 ; 3 W. & S. 182 ; 3 Barr 202, 
 
 271; 11 S. 55; 18 S. 78. 
 Effect of on claim for mesne profits. See Mesne 
 
 Profits. 
 Effect of on equitable title, 5 Wr. 364. 
 Not equivalent to eviction, 3 W. & S. 407. 
 Amendment of, 6 B. 450 ; 11 H. 261. 
 Opening of, 3 W. & S. 158. 
 
 16. New trial in, 1 Y. 14; 4 Y. 42; 4 B. 180. 
 
 17. Execution in. 
 
 Power of court over, 1 Y. 379 ; 2 B. 93 ; 12 H. 76. 
 Alias Haberi facias, 3 P. & W. 228 ; 6 Wh. 391 ; 4 Barr 
 
 257. 
 To enforce recovery of undivided interest in land, 6 Wh. 
 
 391. 
 
 18. Restitution in, 4 Y. 192 ; 10 S. & R. 103 ; 6 Wh. 
 
 391; 8 Wr. 466. 
 
 19. Error in. 
 
 When in time, 1 J. 207. 
 
 By whom sued out, 3 S. & R. 278. See Error. 
 
 ELECTION. 
 
 1. By widow under intestate law, 2 Y. 302 ; 17 S. & R. 
 
 22, 24; 1 W. & S. 160; 5 H. 449; 12 0. 466; 11 Wr. 
 503; 6 Wr. 217; 14 Wr. 394; 15 S. 314; 19 S. 194. 
 
 2. What is equivalent to, 9 S. & R. 424; 12 C. 477. 
 
 3. Under Act of 1848, 1 H. 518. 
 
 4. Under will, 5 H. 449, 455; 9 H. 407; 3 0. 62; 12 C. 
 
ELECTION. 295 
 
 'ELEGTIO'H— continued. 
 
 466, 476; 5 Wr. 503; 6 Wr. 217; 14 Wr. 394; 10 S. 
 481,488; 11 S. 401; 19 S. 194. 
 
 5. When not bound by, 2 Y. 302; 5 H. 454; 12 C. 476 ; 11 
 
 S. 401; 19 S. 194. 
 
 6. When compulsory, 1 Wh. 502 ; 11 S. 136. 
 
 7. Effect of, 17 S. & R. 16; 9 H. 407; 7 Wr. 474; 14 Wr. 
 
 394; 11 S. 136. .See Widow. 
 
 8; By heirs in partition. See Partition. 
 
 9. By heirs under will, 8 S. & R. 248 ; 9 S. & R. 16; 8 
 W. 247; 3 Wh. 62; 5 Wh. 551; 6 Wh. 62; 1 W. & S. 
 445; 3 W. & S. 223; 4 W. & S. 196; 2 J. 72; 3 H. 
 430; 6H. 105; 9H. 376; 9C. 66; 7Wr. 475; 12 Wr. 
 378; 13 Wr. 483; 1 Gr. 51; 13 S. 183. 
 
 10. Presumption of from lapse of time, 6 H. 105. 
 
 11. By husband in right of wife, 1 C. 153. See Husband. 
 
 12. By legatee, 3 C. 321. 
 
 13. Br PURCHASER, 3 S. & R. 228; 2 P. & W. 63, 201. 
 
 14. By vendor as to debtor, 5 Wh. 93. 
 
 15. By holder of land warrant, 2 H. 122. 
 
 16. By creditor as to retention of fund against assignee 
 
 of debtor, 5 Wh. 117. 
 
 17. Of action. See Action. 
 
 18. Op writ of execution. See Execution. 
 
 19. Of PUBLIC officers. 
 
 Regulated by legislature, 10 S. 54, 79. 
 Must be free and equal, 10 S. 54, 77. 
 Qualification of electors, 10 S. 54. 
 
 20. Constitutionality of registry law, 8 S. 338; 10 
 
 S. 78. 
 
 21. Elective franchise. 
 
 Power of legislature over, 9 S. 109. 
 
 22. Officers. 
 
 Legality of appointment of, 3 D. 491. 
 Powers of. 
 
 As to oath of elector, 3 Y. 429. 
 
 To try voter for offence which disfranchises, 3 S. 112. 
 Rights of. 
 
 To protection, 4 D. 254; 3 Y. 429. 
 , To be candidate for office, 3 S. & R. 29. 
 
 To recover fines paid for refusing to receive vote, 3 
 B. 172. 
 
296 ELECTION— ELECTOES. 
 
 'ELEGTION— continued. 
 
 Compensation of, 4 S. & R. 443. 
 Liability of. 
 
 For refusing vote of elector, 11 S. & R. 35; 3 R. 
 172. 
 Certificate of, prim^ facie evidence for holder, 11 Wr. 
 292. 
 
 23. Advertisements. 
 
 Liability of county for, 1 J. 147. 
 
 24. Returns. 
 
 Prima facie proof of election, 11 C. 263 ; 7 Wr. 372, 
 
 384; 11 Wr. 292. 
 Fraudulent, 5 Wr. 896. 
 Adjournment of meeting of return judges, 6 Wr. 396. 
 
 25. Illegal election not made valid by number of votes 
 
 POLLED, 11 C. 268. 
 
 26. Duty oe Commonwealth as to preservation of right 
 
 OF, 4 C. 9. 
 
 27. Election district defined, 5 Wr. 403. 
 
 28. Election district, residence in, discussed, 5 Wr. 403 ; 
 
 8 Wr. 341. 
 
 29. Election district, effect of division of township on, 
 
 11 Wr. 156; 5 S. 123. 
 
 As to vote of electors on report of commissioners to 
 divide, 5 S. 123. 
 
 30. Time of holding. 
 
 Must be strictly complied with, 18 S. 383. 
 
 31. Place op holding. 
 
 Changed by inevitable accident, 18 S. 338. 
 Effect of changing, 18 S. 333. 
 
 ELECTORS. 
 
 I. Qualification of. 
 
 1. Aliens, 2 B. 110, 118, 120; 5 S. & R. 29. 
 
 2. Deserters, 3 S. 112. 
 
 II. Rights of. 
 
 1. To refuse answer to criminating questions, 2 D. 
 
 254; 3 Y. 429. 
 
 2. To vote, 4 Y. 437 ; 11 S. & R. 35 ; 3 R. 172 ; 3 S. 112. 
 
 III. Liability of. 
 
 1. For intimidating election officers, 4 D. 253; 3 Y. 
 
 429. 
 
 2. For desertion from military service, 3 S. 112. 
 
ELEEMOSYNARY CORP'S.— EMINENT DOMAIN. 297 
 
 ELEEMOSYNARY CORPORATIONS. 
 
 Bequest to, 3 R. 170. See Charitable Uses. 
 
 ELMIRA AND WILLIAMSPORT RAILROAD COM- 
 PANY. 
 Contract of state with, relative to canal tolls, construed, 5 S. 
 180. 
 
 ELLSWORTH, OLIVER. 
 
 Appointment of, as judge, 3 D. 171. 
 
 EMAUS ORPHAN HOME. 
 
 Act of 1846 relative to, construed, 6 Barr 86. 
 
 EMBARGO. 
 
 1. Recovery of wages during, 4 D. 246, 274 ; 2 B. 507. 
 
 2. Effect of on underwriter. See Insurance Co., V. 1. 
 
 EMBLEMENTS. 
 What are, 14 S. 134. 
 
 EMBRACERY. 
 
 Statute relative to not in force, 1 D. 67. 
 
 EMINENT DOMAIN. 
 
 1. Right of discussed, 1 Y. 260; 6 B. 509; 1 P. & W. 462 ; 
 
 5 W. & S. 571 ; 1 Barr 314 ; 2 Barr 24; 5 Barr 149 ; 6 
 Barr 86; 1 J. 489; 6 H. Ill; 7 H. 211; 2 C. 355; 11 
 Wr. 329; 13 Wr. 425; 3 S. 477; 5 S. 16; 12 S. 286; 
 17 S. 479. 
 
 2. Exercise of right of, 7 S. & R. 320; 8 W. & S. 74; 1 
 
 Barr 309; 2 Barr 24; 7 Barr 240; 7 H. 329; 7 C. 37; 
 1 Gr. 105, 257; 3 S. 477; 5 S. 16; 16 S. 404; 18 S. 
 45. 
 
 3. Presumption against abandonment of right, 9 W. & 
 
 S. 9. 
 
 4. Legislature may direct time of payment for land 
 
 taken under, 18 s. 45. 
 
 5. Entry under, no breach of warranty in deed, 2 J. 
 
 75; 7 S. 271; 16 S. 425. 
 
 6. Grant of not to rest on inference, 1 H. 555 ; 7 C. 37. 
 
 7. Purchaser of, subject to rights of vendee, 1 H. 555 ; 
 
 7 C. 37. 
 
 8. Abandonment of use under right of, 5 S. 351. 
 
 9. Trial by jury under exercise of right of, 2 H. 65; 3 
 
 S. 445. See Canal; Railroad. 
 10. Application of Statute of Limitations to claim for 
 damages for, 13 S. 480. 
 
298 EMPLOYEE— ENLISTMENT. 
 
 EMPLOYEE. 
 
 Remedy for injury by co-employee, 8 Barr 366, 483 ; 7 H. 
 298; 8 H. 387; 11 H. 384; 12 H. 469; 2 Wr. 104 
 
 10 Wr. 151, 213; 13 Wr. 186; 1 Gr. 329; 1 S. 475 
 3 S. 453; 5 S. 460; 9 S. 239; 11 S. 58; 13 S. 146 
 20 S. 477. 
 
 EMPLOYER. 
 
 Liability of for injury to employee, 8 Barr 366, 483 ; 7 H 
 298; 8 H. 38'"; 12 H. 469; 2 Wr. 104; 10 Wr. 151 
 213; 13 Wr. 186; 14 Wr. 491; 1 Gr. 329; 1 S. 475 
 
 3 S. 453; 5 S. 460; 9 S. 239; 11 S. 58; 13 S. 146 
 
 20 S. 477. 
 
 ENCUMBRANCE. 
 
 1. On land, what is, within covenant against, 1 R. 377 ; 
 
 1 P. & W. 417 ; 2 H. 308 ; 10 Wr. 229. See Covenant. 
 
 2. Notice of, 1 R. 386. 
 
 3. Damages foe beeach of condition to ebmove, 16 S. & 
 
 R. 320. See Covenant. 
 
 4. When a relief against payment of purchase-money. 
 
 See Purchase-money. 
 
 5. Effect of transfer op land subject to. See Vendee. 
 
 6. Merger of in inheritance. See Merger. 
 ENDORSEMENT.., See Bills and Notes. 
 ENDORSER. See Bills and Notes. 
 
 "ENEMIES, PIRATES AND ASSAILING THIEVES." 
 Meaning of, in insurance policy, 7 Wr. 491. 
 
 ENGINEER. 
 
 1. Decision of, under railroad contract, 4 W. & S. 205; 
 
 4 IL 469, 480 ; 12 Wr. 161 ; 1 S. 298 ; 2 S. 215 ; 19 
 S. 489. 
 
 2. Estimate of, under railroad contract, 1 S. 298. 
 
 ENGINE HOUSE. 
 
 Subject to lien of mechanics and material men, 10 Barr 232. 
 
 ENGLISH JUDICIAL DECISIONS. 
 Force of here, 2 Y. 481. 
 
 ENLARGEMENT OF TERM, 2 Y. 61, 187, 536; 6 B. 115; 
 6 S.- & R. 227 ; 9 Barr 151; 10 Barr 72. 
 
 ENLISTMENT. 
 
 1. Op minors, 4 B. 487 ; 5 B. 423 ; 6 B. 255 ; 1 S. & R. S7 ; 
 
 11 S. & R. 93 ; 7 Barr 336. 
 
 2. Op apprentices, 5 B. 423 ; 4 S. & R. 353. 
 
ENTAILED ESTATES— ENTIRETY. 299 
 
 ENTAILED ESTATES. 
 
 1. Creation op,' by deed, 1 D. 48 ; 2 Y. 410; 1 H. 344 ; 6 
 
 Wr. 374 ; 9 Wr. 216. 
 
 2. Creation of, by will, 4 D. App. xii. ; 1 Y. 332 ; 2 Y. 
 
 400 ; 2 B. 455 ; 3 B. 139, 374 ; 1 S. & R. 144, 208 ; 8 
 S. & R. 470; 4 S. & R. 509; 10 S. & R. 296, 429; 16 
 S. & R. 328; 17 S. & R. 61, 441; 3 R. 59, 480; 6 W. 
 18; 9 W. 447, 450; 1 Wh. 138; 4 W. & S. 414, 437; 
 7 W. & S. 96; 8 W. & S. 38; 5 Barr 461, 463; 9 Barr 
 130; 4 H. 377 ; 8 H. 509 ; 11 H. 9, 46, 95, 281 ; 12 
 H. 168, 172, 244, 248; 4 C. 95 ; 6 C. 149, 161, 168; 9 
 C. 264 ; 12 C. 117 ; 1 Wr. 81 ; 2 Wr. 166, 430 ; 4 Wr. 29 ; 
 5 Wr. 243, 482 ; 8 Wr. 297. 434, 527 ; 10 Wr. 274 ; 18 
 Wr. 333 ; 14 Wr. 128, 143 ; 1 Gr. 19, 60 ; 2 Gr. 345 ; 
 4 S. 148; 9 S. 43; 12 S. 35; 13 S. 481 ; 20 S. 70, 
 147. 
 
 3. What mat be entailed, 4 W. & S. 437 ; 18 S. 481 ; 20 
 
 S. 501. 
 
 4. What will avoid deed eor, 18 S. 320. 
 
 5. Descent of, 1 Y. 318; 11 H. 9; 4 C. 89, 95; 1 Wr. 9. 
 . 6. Forfeiture of, 1 Y. 339. \ 
 
 7. Dower OP widow in, 1 Y. 889; 11 H. 9. 
 
 8. Conversion of into fee, 4 C. 95; 1 Wr. 488; 10 Wr. 
 
 274 ; 13 Wr. 838. 
 
 9. Enlargement of, 1 Wr. 81, 488; 10 Wr. 274; 13 Wr. 
 
 338. 
 
 10. Sale of. 
 
 For payment of legacy, 4 S. & R. 509. 
 For payment of debts, 16 S. & R. 373; 8 W. & S. 88; 
 4 S. 151; 10 S. 39. 
 
 11. Substitution op parties on death of owner, 4 W. & S. 
 
 437. 
 
 12. Effect of Act of 1855 on, 4 C. 96. 
 
 18. How BARRED, 1 Y. 208; 4 Y. 415; 4 S. & R. 509; 9 W. 
 
 447; 1 Wh. 151; 4 W. & S. 128; 11 H. 231; 12 H. 
 
 248: 2 C. 126, 338; 9 C. 264; 8 Wr. 353; 9 S. 43; 
 
 20 S. 147. 
 14. Epfbct op deed to bar on remainders and executory 
 
 devises, 9 s. 43. 
 
 ENTIRETY. 
 
 1. Estate held by, 6 W. & S. 319; 8 W. & S. 107, 111 ; 1 
 Barr 176; 2 J. 274; 9 H. 343; 2 C. 397; 3 G. 504 ; 10 
 Wr. 248 ; 6 S. 286. 
 
300 ENTIKETY— EQUITABLE EJECTMENT. 
 
 E'NTmETY— continued. 
 
 2. Judicial sale of husband's interest in, 14 S. 39. 
 
 3. Eights and liability op tenants by, 14 S. 39. 
 
 4. Not affected by Act op 1812, relative to tenants in 
 
 COMMON, 8 W. & S. 111. 
 
 5. Powek OP husband to encumber, 1 Barr 181. 
 
 ENTRY ON LAND. 
 
 1. How MADE, 10 W. 289. 
 
 2. By WHOM, 9 Barr 40; 10. 417. 
 
 3. Effect of on Statute of Limitations, 7 S. & R. 129; 
 
 1 P. & W. 8; 9 W. 28, 30; 4 Barr 244; 9 Barr 40; 1 
 J. 212; 3 H. 517; 7 H. 305; 8 H. 483; 11 H, 254; 1 
 0. 417; 5 0. 495; 7 0. 275; 2 8. 495; 9 S. 414, 418; 
 13 S. 259. See Adverse Possession 13. 
 
 4. When a breach of covenant for quiet enjoyment, 4 
 
 Wh. 90; 2 J. 75; 8 H. 483; 9 0.452; 7 S. 271. 
 
 5. Under colour of title, meaning op, 11 H. 417. 
 
 6. For condition broken, 5 S. & R. 371, 375; 11 S. & R. 
 
 271 ; 5 W. 493 ; 10 W. 348 ; 9 Barr 433 ; 4 H. 140 ; 1 
 Wr. 427, 525; 2 Wr. 346; 6 Wr. 30. 
 
 7. SUR DISSEISEN, 11 S. & R. 271. 
 
 8. In ejectment, 3 D. 425, 426; 1 P. & W. 6; 3 W. 205. 
 
 9. Release of right of, 1 0. 142. 
 
 10. By landlord. See Landlord. 
 
 11. By tenant in common, 2 S. & R. 461; 3 S. & R. 373, 
 
 10 S. & R. 182; 5 W. 146; 10 W. 192. See Tenants 
 IN Oommon. 
 
 12. By co-tenant, 3 S. & R. 373; 10 W. 185, 289. 
 
 13. By grantee of rent charge, 6 S. & R. 151. 
 
 14. By vendor See Vendor. 
 
 15. By sheriff with writ op execution, 7 S. & R. 129. 
 
 16. Of judgment. See Judgment. 
 
 ■ 17. Op arraignment of prisoner. See Arraignment. 
 
 EQUALLY TO BE DIVIDED. 
 Meaning of in will, 3 Gr. 210. 
 
 EQUITABLE ASSIGNEE, 7 W. 160. See Assignee. 
 
 EQUITABLE ASSIGNMENT, 17 S. & R. 317 ; 9 0. 371 ; 
 20 S. 74. 
 
 EQUITABLE EJECTMENT. See Specific Performance. 
 
EQUITABLE ESTATE— EQUITABLE PLAINTIFF. 301 
 
 EQUITABLE ESTATE. 
 
 1. Presumption as to, 6 S. & R. 90. 
 
 2. What constitutes, 3 D. 425, 466; 1 P. &W. 474; 5 \V. 
 
 151; 8H. 264; 12 H. 105. 
 
 3. Conversion oe, 11 H. 421; 2 C. 227; 11 C. 523. 
 
 4. Within Statute of Frauds, 13 S. 335. 
 
 5. Dower in, 5 S. 71. See Dower 8. 
 
 6. Transfer op, 11 S. & R. 389 ; 2 P. & W. 176 ; 8 W. 500 ; 
 
 3 Barr 44; 3 Wr. 84: 8 Wr. 18, 453. 
 
 7. Lien of judgment on, 3 B. 4; 9 S. & R. 402; 10 S. & R. 
 
 20; 2 P. & W. 176; 2 W. 16, 373; 7 W. 410; 10 W. 
 434 ; 8 H. 204 ; 12 H. 105 ; 3 Wr. 328. See Judgment. 
 
 8. Sale of on execution, 2 Y. 123 ; 9 S. & R. 397 ; 16 S. 
 
 & R. 292 ; 2 P. & W. 176 ; 1 Wh. 522 ; 2 Barr 41 ; 2 J. 
 86 ; 5 H. 467 ; 12 H. 105 ; 8 C. 279 ; 1 Wr. 82. 
 
 9. Rights of owner of, 8 S. & R. 440; 11 S. & R. 389; 2 
 
 P. & W. 176, 346; 3 Barr 44; 5 Barr 118; 3 Wr. 84; 8 
 Wr. 18. 
 
 10. Liability of owner of, 5 Barr 121; 7 Barr 165; 2 C. 
 
 51 ; 10 Wr. 350. 
 
 11. Parol release of, 3 Y. 184. 
 
 12. Descent of, 8 S. & R. 381. 
 
 EQUITABLE ESTOPPEL. See Estoppel. 
 
 EQUITABLE LIEN, 2 D. 66; 6 W. & S. 243; 8 H. 308. 
 
 EQUITABLE MORTGAGE, 1 R. 325 ; 3 P. & W. 239 : 3 
 Barr 233 ; 11 Wr. 255. 
 
 EQUITABLE OWNER. 
 
 Of chose in action, set off by, 8 H. 190. 
 Sale of land by, 8 Wr. 453. 
 
 EQUITABLE PARTITION, 2 Wr. 430 ; 7 Wr. 413. 
 
 EQUITABLE PLAINTIFF. 
 
 1. Service of notice on, 8 S. & R. 425. 
 
 2. Need not be named on the record, 6 S. & R. 44 ; 10 S. 
 & R. 27 ; 2 R. 67 ; 5 W. 391 ; 12 Wr. 161. 
 
 3. Mat be added after verdict, 1 B. 496; 2 P. & W. 9 ; 
 
 5 A?. 423 ; 19 S. 380. 
 
 4. Rights of, 5 W. 68, 423 ; 6 W. 238, 309; 4 W. & S. 362 ; 
 
 1 H. 616; 6 H. 87; 3 C. 46. 
 
302 EQUITABLE PLAINTIFF— EQUITY. 
 
 EQUITABLE FLAmTlF¥— continued. 
 
 5. Duties of, 6 W. 238; 4 Wr. 448: 7 Wr. 439; 12 Wr. 
 
 161. 
 
 6. Liability of. 
 
 For costs, 1 te. 496 ; 2 W. 12 ; 5 W. 68 ; 10 0. 223. 
 To show interest in suit, 10 C. 223. 
 
 EQUITABLE PLEA. 
 
 1. In common law courts. 
 
 Admissibility of, 4 D. 235, 347; 1 Y. 571; 3 Y. 327 ; 3 
 B. 169; 1 S. & R. 477 ; 4 S. & R. 249 ; 5 S. & R. 
 117; 7 S. & R. 9; 8 S. & R. 66, 73, 187; 9 S. & 
 R. 63 ; 12 S. & R. 431 ; 15 S. & R. 61 ; 6 W. 71, 
 228 ; 4 W. & S. 290 ; 6 W. & S. 150, 155, 179, 
 439; 7 W. & S. 99, 305 ; 5 H. 31 ; 8 H. 190. 
 
 Should be special, 6 H. 207. 
 
 Notice of, 4 D. 439 ; 3 Y. 9 ; 1 S. & R. 477 : 4 S. & R. 
 249; 5 S. & R. 122, 177; 10 S. & R. 142; 16 S. 
 & R. 28; 3 R. 204; 5 W. 446 ; 7 W. 231 ; 5 Wh. 
 89, 116. 
 
 2. Waiver of, 16 S. & R. 18. See Payment with Leave, &c. 
 EQUITABLE SET-OFF. See Set-off. 
 
 EQUITABLE SUBSTITUTION. See Substitution. 
 
 EQUITY. 
 
 I. Jurisdiction of courts in. 
 
 1. Generally, 1 D. 213, 214 ; 4 D. 348 ; 1 Y. 358 ; 2 Y. 
 
 466; 11 S. & R. 109; 16 S. & R. 269; 3 R. 326, 
 553; 9 W. 498; 6 Wh. 541; 4 W. & S. 557; 6 W. & 
 S. 243; 7 W. & S. 106 ; 1 Barr 445 ; 3 Barr 176 ; 2 
 H. 67; 5 C. 382; 10 C. 385; 4 S. 472 ; 14 S. 441; 
 17 S. 508. 
 
 2. Effect of grant of equity powers to common law 
 
 courts, 4 D. 347: 6 W. & S. 243, 553; 1 H. 282; 3 
 H. 227. 
 
 3. Is part of the law of Pennsylvania, 1 D. 210 ; 8 
 
 W. & S. 106 ; 14 S. 441. 
 
 4. Distinction between cases which require court to 
 
 ACT AND TO WITHHOLD ACTION, 1 Wh. 374 ; 2 Barr 298. 
 
 5. Relief in, when refused, 2 P. & W. 211 ; 3 W. 239, 
 
 340; 6 Barr 374; 1 H. 371; 2 H. 67; 7 C. 161, 387 
 2 Wr. 102 ; 5 Wr. 396 ; 8 Wr. 43 ; 11 Wr. 103, 520 
 14 Wr. 240; 1 Gr. 412; 3 Gr. 115; 1 S. 196, 279 
 394; 4 S. 318; 7 S. 105; 10 S. 156, 173; 16 S. 187; 
 17 S. 153, 507. 
 
EQUITY. 303 
 
 E QUITY — continued. 
 
 6. In cases of account, 2 Wr. 257 ; 6 Wr. 389 ; 9 "Wr. 
 
 67 ; 7 S. 247 ; 13 S. 273. 
 
 7. To RBEORM WRITTEN CONTRACT, 3 Gr. 54 ; 13 S. 367. 
 
 See Contract 24. 
 
 8. To OPEN judgment, 13 Wr. 365; 4 S. 318. See 
 
 Judgment. 
 
 9. to enforce return oe personal property, 2 j. 56 ; 2 
 
 H. 67. 
 
 10. In case of fraud, 2 H. 142; 10 H. 179; 8 C. 141, 
 
 144; 7 S. 65; 13 S. 367; 16 S. 187. 
 
 11. Over associations, 11 Wr. 295 ; 4 S. 190 ; 12 S. 428 ; 
 
 19 S. 467. 
 
 12. In case of boundary, 17 S. 508. 
 
 13. In case of charities. See Charitable Uses. 
 
 14. In case of church properties, 11 Wr. 295 ; 12 S. 
 
 428; 19 S. 467. 
 
 15. In cases of corporations, 3 W. & S. 184, 193 ; 7 W. 
 
 & S. 104; 11 Wr. 295; 12 S. 428; 19 S. 467. See 
 Corporations. 
 
 16. In cases of enforcement of contracts, 4 D. 347 ; 2 
 
 P. & W. 211 ; 8 W. 374 ; 1 Barr 445 ; 1 H. 278, 288 ; 7 
 S. 65; 8S. 195; 14S.79. *S'ee Specific Performance. 
 
 17. In case of execution, 1 P. & W. 222 ; 4 Barr 80. 
 
 18. In case of foreign decree, 9 S. & R. 252. 
 
 19. In case of injunction. See Injunction. 
 
 20. In case op forfeiture, 7 S. 65. See Forfeiture. 
 
 21. In case of mining rights, 6 Wr. 488. See Mines. 
 
 22. Oyer claims of married women, 2 Barr 67 ; 8 Wr. 43. 
 
 23. In case of mistake, 7 W. & S. 201 ; 2 Barr 105 ; 3 
 
 Barr 21; 2 Wr. 194; 11 Wr. 520 ; 9 S. 220; 13 S. 
 367; 20 S. 410. ^ee Mistake. 
 
 24. In case of marshalling assets, 2 R. 252. 
 
 25. In case of mortgages, 10 C. 385 ; 11 C. 30 ; 12 C. 
 
 141. See Mortgages. 
 
 26. In case op nuisance, 1 Wr. 503. See Nuisance. 
 
 27. In case of partition, 2 Wr. 430 ; 7 Wr. 413. 
 
 28. In case op party walls, 20 S. 26. See Party Walls. 
 
 29. In case of partnership, 1 Wr. 486 ; 2 Wr. 257 ; 9 Wr. 
 
 67; 12 S. 73; 13 S. 341. See Partnership. 
 
 30. In sales of real estate held jointly, 18 S. 362, 368. 
 
304 EQUITY— EEIE BANK. 
 
 EQUITY — continued. 
 
 31. To COMPEL RECONVEYANCE OF REAL ESTATE, 6 Wr. 339. 
 
 32. Over trustees and trusts, 6 Wh. 392; 3 W. & S. 
 
 280; 5 W. & S. 427; 4 Barr 331; 1 J. 387; 2 C. 
 227; 9 C. 85; 1 Wr. 31; 3 Wr. 369; 4 Wr. 68, 409; 
 6 Wr. 132, 235, 258; 8 Wr. 27, 247; 9 Wr. 216; 11 
 Wr. 113; 14 Wr. 189; 4 S. 472; 7 S. 202. 
 
 II. Practice in. 
 
 1. As TO BILL. See Bill in Equity. 
 
 2. As TO subpoena in equity. See Subpcena in Equity. 
 
 3. As TO answer. See Answer in Equity. 
 
 4. As TO replication, 17 S. 19. 
 
 5. As TO testimony, 1 H. 292; 3 Wr. 495. 
 
 6. As TO ISSUES OP fact, 15 S. & R. 118; 12 0. 392; 3 
 
 Wr. 495. 
 
 7. As TO MASTER. See Master in Chancery. 
 
 8. As to examiner, 16 S. 178. 
 
 9. As to competency op party as witnesses in, 7 C. 387. 
 
 10. As TO arbitration in, 14 S. 462. 
 
 11. As TO DECREE. 
 
 Form of, 1 H. 67; 8 S. 156. 
 
 Effect of, 2 C. 78; 6 C. 194; 12 C. 392: 10 S. 187; 12 
 S. 118; 18 S. 34. 
 
 12. Damages, when given, 20 S. 26. 
 
 13. Costs in, 10 Wr. 180; 7 S. 248; 12 S. 73; 15 S. 65. 
 
 14. Enforcement op decree, 6 W. 68; 9 W. 495; 10 
 
 Barr 274; 8 Wr, 247, 
 
 15. Review of in error, 2 Barr 116. See Appeal ; Error. 
 
 EQUITY OF REDEMPTION. 
 
 1, Lien op judgment on, 7 W. 416, 
 
 2, Sale of, on execution, 5 W, 272 ; 8 Barr 164, 
 
 3, Extinguishment of, liJ. 282. 
 ERASURE. See Alteration. 
 
 ERECTED AND IN PROCESS OF ERECTION, 
 
 In Act of Assembly, construed, 12 Wr. 439. 
 
 ERIE AND NORTHEAST RAILROAD COMPANY v. 
 
 CASEY, 
 Dissenting opinion in case of, 1 Gr, 474. 
 
 ERIE BANK. 
 
 Assignment of, discussed, 16 S, 154, 
 
ERIE CANAL COMPANY— EREOR. 305 
 
 ERIE CANAL COMPANY. 
 
 1. Act relative to sequestration of, construed, 6 S. 46. 
 
 2. Liability oe, to build and repair bridges over, 6 H. 
 
 66; 9 S. 174. 
 
 3. Right of, to issue bonds, 1 Gr. 36. 
 
 ERIE COUNTY. 
 
 1. Road law in, construed, 11 Wr. 276 ; 1 S. 48. 
 
 2. Act relative to fencing railroads in, construed, 16 
 
 S. 164. 
 
 ERIE RAILROAD COMPANY. 
 Taxation of, 16 S. 84. 
 
 ERROR. 
 
 I. In civil cases. 
 
 1. Distinguished from appeal, 3 B. 85, 88 ; 4 R. 368 ; 2 
 W. 426; 4 W. 305; 1 Barr 105; 5 Barr 470; 9 Barr 
 488; 12 Wr. 335; 7 S. 445. 
 
 2. Act op March 22, 1850, relative to, construed, 6 
 
 H. 111. 
 
 3. Election of writ, 4 D. 22; 3 B. 88. 
 
 4. Waiver op, 12 S. & R. 412; 17 S. & R. 295; 2 P. & 
 
 W. 159, 291; 2 W. & S. 101. 
 
 5. Controlled by agreement op parties, 14 S. & R. 69. 
 
 II. Writ of. 
 
 1. Limit as to issuing op, 1 C. 231. 
 
 2. Alias writ, 2 Gr. 306. 
 
 3. Who may sub out, 3 S. & R. £78; 6 S. & R. 315; 7 
 
 W. & S. 150; 4 Barr 80; 7 Barr 291; 10 H. 437; 2 
 S. 295. 
 
 4. Barring of, by matters of fa'ct not on record, 3 
 
 C. 485. 
 
 5. Affidavit on, 4 S. & R. 136; 6 S. & R. 89; 8 S. & 
 
 R. 391 ; 1 P. & W. 14, 425; 2 H. 442. 
 
 6. Teste of, 3 D. 371, 377; 4 D. 25. 
 
 7. Service of, 4 Y. 373. 
 
 8. When a supersedeas, 6 B. 460; 3 S. & R. 517; 4 S. 
 
 & R. 317; 3 Wh. 13; 7 Barr 291; 9 0. 356; 2 Gr. 
 306; 1 S. 412. 
 
 9. Abatement of. See Abatement. 
 10. Amendment. See Amendment. 
 
 20 
 
306 EKROK. 
 
 ERROR — continued. 
 
 11. Return of, 3 D. 356, 360; 4 D. 21; 2 D. 269; 4 Y. 
 
 418. 
 
 12. Dismissal or non pros, of, 3 D. 371 ; 4 D. 6 ; 4 Y. 385, 
 
 416, 418; 3 B. 34; 1 S. & R. 32; 11 S. & R. 359; 
 
 I P. & W. 114; 3 Wh. 308; 1 H. 171. 
 
 III. Recognisance in error. 
 
 1. Form of, 3 B. 34; 9 0. 356 ; 7 Barr 291 ; 1 S. 412. 
 
 2. Where taken, 6 S. & R. 573. 
 
 3. Number op sureties in, 9 0. 356. 
 
 4. Effect of omission to perfect, 3 B. 34. 
 
 5. Oertificate of prothonotart as to, 1 S. 412. 
 
 6. Right of surety, 8 Barr 249. 
 
 7. Liability of surety, 6 S. & R. 573; 6 0. 272; 1 S. 
 
 412 ; 19 S. 409. 
 
 8. Scire facias on, 3 Y. 148. 
 
 9. Appearance to, 4 D. 6. 
 
 IV. Assignment of error. 
 
 1. General rules as to, 9 S. 223. 
 
 2. OONFINED TO points WHICH WERE RAISED ON THE 
 
 TRIAL, 2 B. 168 ; 5 S. & R. 246 ; 7 S. & R. 276, 277 ; 
 8 S. & R. 124; 13 S. & R. 29, 85; 3 W. 126; 6 W. 
 & S. 343, 386; 2 Barr 153, 245; 7 Barr 23; 2 H. 10 
 59, 100, 342; 5 H, 389; 7 H. 339, 419; 9 H. 67; 
 10.434; 4 0.233; 10 0.184; 2Wr.40; 4Wr.250, 
 515; 5 Wr. 297; 7 Wr. 350; 10 Wr. 316, 443, 438; 
 
 II Wr. 335; 1 Gr. 121 ; 2 Gr. 406 ; 3 S. 122. 
 
 3. Must be definite, 1 J. 252 ; 4 H. 488 ; 6 H. 578 ; 7 
 
 H. 235; 8 H. 458; 10 H. 278; 11 H. 198; 12 H. 
 286; 1 0. 138; 5 0. 445. 
 
 4. Must conform to rules of Supreme Oourt, 8 H. 124 ; 
 
 11 H. 198; 12 H. 286; 1 0. 210, 273; 2 0. 335; 3 
 0. 504; 4 0. 149; 12 Wr. 168; 1 Gr. 896; 2 Gr. 
 267; 8 S. 372; 14 S. 495. 
 
 5. Must appear on the record, 2 S. & R. 282; 5 0. 445; 
 
 1 Wr. 108; 2 Wr. 40, 137; 4 Wr. 160, 250, 430; 6 
 Wr. 198; 8 Wr. 110. 
 
 6. When alleged error is in the pleadings, 9 Barr 
 
 183; 4 0. 149. 
 
 7. When alleged error is in charge of the court, 2 
 
 B. 308; 6 B. 455; 1 S. & R. i^93, 431; 3 S. & R. 
 228, 283; 10 S. & R. 114; 11 S. & R. 374; 14 S. & 
 R. 121, 125; 1 W. & S. 68; 4 W. & S. 55, 71, 570; 
 
EEROR. 307 
 
 ERROR — continued. 
 
 6W. &S.386; 7W.&S.172; 3Barr44; IH. 384; 
 6 H. 518; 11 H. 334; 12 H. 72, 280, 384; 1 C. 203, 
 332, 428; 2 C. 281; 5 C. 477; 3 Gr. 61; 3 S. 122; 
 
 8 S. 371; 9 S. 84; 11 S. 361; 15 S. 211. 
 
 8. When alleged ereoe is in admission or rejection of 
 TESTIMONY, 3 D. 422 ; 4 Y. 504 ; 8 S. & R. 124, 211 ; 
 
 9 S. &R. 74; 11 S. & R. 267; 17 S. &R. 343; 3 R. 
 101; 4R.411; 5 Barr 183; 2 H. 100 ; 8 H. 95, 836, 
 354; 9 H. 228; 10 H. 118; 11 H. 173, 176; 1 C. 
 259; 3 C. 144; 5 C. 477; 4 Wr. 160, 430; 5 Wr. 
 297, 305; 12 Wr. 176, 300; 3 Gr. 61; 1 S. 292; 3 
 S. 428; 9 S. 64; 12 S. 374; 13 S. 30, 156; 16 S. 
 91; 18 S. 158,409; 19 S. 453. 
 
 V. What removed by, 1 P. & W. 61; 6 W. 26; 6 W. & 
 
 S. 343; 13 Wr. 79. 
 
 VI. Record. 
 
 Verification of, 3 D. 402. 
 
 How sent up on writ of error, 2 B. 436; 6 Wh. 340; 
 7 W. & S. 394. 
 
 VII. Onus of showing error, 13 S. 30, 32, 156. 
 
 VIII. When it lies. 
 
 1. Only on final judgment or decree, 3 D. 404; 4 D. 
 
 22; 3 B. 273, 276, 373,432, 528; 2 S. & R. 232; 5 
 S. &R. 516; 4R. 355; 1 P. & W. 63, 73; 2P. &W. 
 331; 5 W. 289; 8 W. 530; 10 H. 194; 1 C. 105; 8 
 C. 314; 20 S. 264. 
 
 2. On award of arbitrators, 3 D. 404; 4 D. 22; 3 B. 
 
 276, 528, 531; 4 B. 5; 3 S. & R. 413; 7 S. & R. 284. 
 
 3. As DEPENDING ON AMOUNT IN CONTROVERSY, 4 D. 20, 22, 
 
 25, 27. 
 
 4. Where declaration shows no cause of action, 1 B. 
 
 537; 2 B. 287; 14 S. & R. 162; 5 W. 105; 4 W. & 
 S. 332. 
 
 5. Where judgment should have been arrested below, 
 
 10 S. 436. 
 
 6. Where binding charge has been given under dis- 
 
 puted FACTS, 8 S. & R. 150; 11 S. & R. 139, 141; 3 
 P. & W. 204, 370; 1 W. 278. 
 
 7. Where execution has been issued for illegal costs, 1 
 
 R. 44. 
 
 8. Foe misdirection to jury, 5 Barr 490. See Charge 
 
 OF the Court. 
 
 9. Where jury has been allowed to construe written 
 
 evidence, 5 S. & R. 427; 8 S. & R. 381; 15 S. & R. 
 
308 ERROR. 
 
 ERROR — continued. 
 
 100; IP. & W. 383; 4 W. 253; 5W.49; 8 W. & S. 
 11; 3 H. 59; 6 H. 351. 
 
 10. Where facts have been submitted without evidence, 
 
 3 P. & W. 405; 2 W. 165; 5 W. 183, 275; 6 W. 42, 
 487 ; 8 W. 385 ; 4 Wh. 301 ; 5 W. & S. 60, 85 ; 1 Barr 
 68; 10 Barr 363; 4 H. 258; 8 H. 117; 1 C. 163; 
 
 4 C. 519 ; 1 Wr. 196 ; 1 S. 309 ; 14 S. 201 ; 20 S. 459. 
 
 11. Where court has said improperly that there is 
 
 " no evidence " of a fact material in the cause, 
 
 I W. & S. 68. 
 
 12. Where jury have been allovted to decide law and 
 
 FACT in a civil SUIT, 20 S. 12. 
 
 13. Where testimony has been improperly admitted or 
 
 REJECTED, 1 S. & R. 515 ; 2 S. & R. 415 ; 4 S. & R. 
 329, 407; 8 S. & R. 150, 573; 9 S. & R. 68; 4 R. 
 195 ; 2 P. & W. 263 ; 5 \V. 441 ; 8 W. 304 ; 5 H. 
 365 ; 8 H. 210 ; 9 H. 315 ; 10 H. 501. 
 
 14. Where jury have been misled by the charge, 6 B. 
 
 445, 466 ; 8 W. 304 ; 1 W. & S. 68 ; 3 W. & S.' 21 ; 
 6 W. & S. 132 ; 2 H. 267 ; 6 C. 454, 507 ;" 6 Wr. 146 ; 
 
 II Wr. 303; 5 S. 468 ; 18 S. 272. 
 
 15. For improper refusal to remit case to United 
 
 States courts, 2 Y. 277. 
 
 16. For refusing proper amendment, 5 Barr 113. 
 
 17. For refusing to allow proper papers, &c. to be sent 
 
 out with jury, 16 S. & R. 92. 
 
 18. For refusing to answer all relevant legal points, 
 
 1 S. & R. 176, 449; 2 S. & R. 44, 49, 394, 469; 3 
 S. & R. 283 ; 4 S. & R. 427, 498 ; 5 S. & R. 427 ; 13 
 S. & R. 119; 1 R. 349 ; 3 P. & W. 318 ; 5 W. 483; 6 
 W. & S. 58 ; 3 Barr 294, 444 ; 6 Barr 61 ; 4 C. 149 ; 
 9 C. 318; 6 Wr. 102, 143, 188; 11 Wr. 244; 12 Wr. 
 321. 
 
 19. For improperly setting aside execution, 4 Wr. 
 
 309. 
 
 20. For improperly dissolving foreign attachment, 2 
 
 Y. 162. 
 
 21. For improperly dismissing appeal, 3 B. 432. 
 
 22. For improper award of execution, 2 S. & R. 37 ; 1 
 
 R. 53; 2 J. 251. 
 
 23. For improper arrest of judgment, 2 S. & R. 392. 
 
 24. Fob improper judgment on plea of nultiel record, 
 
 6 AVh. 340. 
 
ERROR. 309 
 
 ERROR — continued. 
 
 25. For improper consxruction op "vtrittfn contract, 1 
 
 W. & S. 147. 
 
 26. For assuming pacts as true in answering points, 
 
 2 Ban- 289. 
 
 27. For refusing to allow counsel to address jury, 1 
 
 J. 399. 
 
 28. For refusing to direct jury to disregard illegal 
 
 testimony, 2 J. 15 ; 9 W. 311. 
 '■ 29. For refusing to review pacts fairly, 6 W. k S. 132. 
 30. For refusing to submit facts to the jury, 1 S. & 
 
 R. 515: 2 S. & R. 415; 4 S. & R. 329, 407 ; 8 S. & 
 
 R. 150, 573 ; 9 S. & R. 68 ; 4 R. 195 ; 2 P. & W. 
 
 263 ; 5 W. 441 ; 8 W. 304 ; 5 H. 365 ; 8 H. 210 ; 9 
 
 H. 315 ; 10 H. 431 ; 11 H. 501. 
 31. For expressing opinion as to weight of testimony, 1 
 
 W. & S. 245 ; 5 W. & S. 87; 1 0. 481 ; 9 C. 270. 
 
 XI. Where writ of error will not lib. 
 •1. When error has been harmless, 1 S. & R. 398; 7 
 S. & R. 273; 10 S. & R. 155; 11 S. & R. 362, 374, 
 445; 14 S. & R. 220; 16 S. & R. 56; 3 R. 256; 1 
 P. & W. 140, 161, 222, 370; 1 W. 365; 4 W. 478 
 6 W. 48; 9 W. 336; 10 W. 185; 1 Wh. 379; 6 Wh 
 369; 1 W. & S. 283; 2 W. & S. 122, 225; 3 W. & S 
 127; 5 W. & S. 188; 6 W. & S. 184; 8 W. & S. 401 
 
 3 Barr 239; 4 Barr 317; 2 J. 219; 2 H. 376 ; 5 H 
 ■ 389; 6 H. 91; 10 H. 368, 431; 11 11. 88; 12 PL 23, 
 
 88; 1 C. 119, 332: 2 C. 327, 502; ' 6 C. 84; 7 C 
 323, 523: 8 C. 115; 9 C. 169; 10 C. 462; 11 
 308; 1 Wr. 330; 3 Wr. 414; 4 Wr. 160, 309, 385 
 
 5 Wr. 102; 7 Wr. 491; 9 Wr. 14, 530; 10 Wr. 504 ; 
 12 Wr. 168; 13 Wr. 200; 2 Gr. 229; 12 S. 393; 13 
 S. 419. 
 
 2. Where there is no bill of exceptions, 2 Y. 162 ; 1 
 
 B. 222 ; 5 W. 69; 10 Barr 42 ; 11 H. 24; 4 0. 245 ; 
 
 4 Wr. 160, 430; 5 Wr. 256; 13 Wr. 122; 14 Wr. 
 257; 10 S. 436. 
 
 3. Where the appeal has been improperly presented, 
 
 14 Wr. 387. 
 
 4. Where alleged error is not apparent on the 
 
 RECORD, 2 S. & R. 5-32; 12 S. & R. 97, 232; 14 S. 
 
 6 R. 270 ; 2 P. & W. Ill ; 11 H. 184; 1 Wr. 108 ; 
 2 Wr. 40, 137 ; 4 Wr. 160, 250, 430 ; 8 Wr. 110, 
 131. 
 
 5. For brevity of charge to jury, 2 S. & R. 391. 
 
310 EHROR. 
 
 ERROR — continued. 
 
 6. For omitting to give reasons for decision, 13 S. & 
 
 R. 26, 28; 15 S. & R. 61 ; 6 W. 274. 
 
 7. For erroneous reasons for correct judgment, 1 H. 
 
 533; 7 C. 517; 15 S. 101. 
 
 8. Where judgment below is not final, 3 D. 404 ; 4 D. 
 
 22; 3 B. 273, 276, 432, 528; 2 S. & R. 232; 5 S. & 
 R. 516; 1 P. & W. 63, 73, 227; 2 P. & W. 331; 5 
 W. 289; 8 W. 530; 5 Wh. 307; 10 H. 194; 1 C. 
 105; 8 C. 314. See ante, Vill. 1. 
 
 9. Where in amicable action right to sue out writ 
 
 has not been reserved, 8 S. & R. 529 ; 15 S. & R. 
 45; 5 R. 337; 2 P. & W. 496; 3 P. & W. 581; 3 
 Barr 892. 
 
 10. For errors that were amendable in court below, 
 
 10 C. 24. 
 
 11. Where case has been tried on its merits, 14 S. & 
 
 R. 405; 17 S. & R. 116 ; 5 W. 418; 7 H. 419 ; 11 C. 
 364. 
 
 12. Where case has been submitted to court below on 
 
 the testimony, 4 C. 430. 
 
 13. Where testimony improperly admitted, was subse- 
 
 quently WITHDRAWN, 8 W. & S. 401 ; 4 Ban- 317 ; 4 
 0. 494 ; 4 Wr. 492. 
 
 14. Where judgment below is valid on any ground, 7 
 
 Wr. 491. 
 
 15. For overruling cross-examination on immaterial 
 
 MATTER, 11 H. 515. 
 
 16. For erroneous statement of pact in charge, 2 B. 
 
 80; 1 S. & R. 330 ; 2 S. & R. 464 ; S S. & R. 500 ; 
 7 S. & R. 230 ; 8 Barr 50 ; 4 Barr 178. 
 
 17. For opinion as to pacts op case, 1 S. & R. 72; 2 S. 
 
 & R. 373, 413, 464; 4 S. & R. 329, 436; 7 S. & R. 
 230 ; 11 S. & R. 280 ; 14 S. & R. 899 ; 1 R. 420 ; 2 
 Wh. 503 ; 4 Barr 178 ; IJ. 869 ; 2 H. 876 ; 4 H. 269 ; 
 5 H. 865; 8 H. 210, 354; 9 li. 67 ; 1 C. 323, 377; 
 2 C. 482; 7 C. 198. 
 
 18. For allowing improper question which was not an- 
 
 swered, 8 H. 854. 
 
 19. For commenting on conduct op witness, 4 Wh. 150 ; 
 
 11 H. 424. 
 
 20. For submitting all facts to jury, 1 S. & R. 176, 
 
 515; 2 S. & R. 415, 464; 4 S. & R. 207, 829, 407 ; 
 
P^RROK. 311 
 
 ERROR — continued. 
 
 8 S. & R. 150, 573; 9 S. & R. 68; 4 R. 195; 2 P. 
 & W. 263; 5 W. 441; 8 W. 304; 5 H. 365; 8 H. 
 210; 9 H. 315; 10 H. 471; 11 H. 501. 
 
 21. For erroneous proceeding before arbitrators, 6 S. 
 
 &R. 39; 7 S. &R. 284. 
 
 22. For refusing to strike off appeal, 3 S. & R. 357. 
 
 23. For refusing to stay proceedings until payment op 
 
 COSTS OP FORMER SUIT, 2 Barr 435. 
 
 24. For decree of subrogation, 1 P. & W. 397; 7 Wr. 
 
 518; 8 Wr. 256. 
 
 25. For discharging juror, 4 S. & R. 430. 
 
 26. For refusing to discharge jury, 3 Barr 239. 
 
 27. For entry of judgment without plea, 2 Y. 154. 
 
 28. For staying proceedings on bail bond, 6 S. & R. 
 
 542. 
 
 29. For allowing amendment, 1 D. 64; 2 S. & R. 219; 
 
 6 S. &R. 510; 1 W. & S. 240. 
 
 30. On feigned issue from Orphans' Court, 2 Barr 116 ; 
 
 4 Barr 301; 5 Barr 177, 232. 
 
 31. On issue under chancery powers, 2 Barr 116; 4 
 
 Barr 301 ; 5 Barr 177, 232. 
 
 32. For omission to charge on points not presented, 
 
 2 S. & R. 464 ; 7 S. & R. 99 ; 14 S. & R. 220 ; 9 W. 
 433 ; 6 Wh. 146 ; 6 W. & S. 87 ; 1 Barr 374 ; 6 Barr 
 61, 483; 7 Barr 103, 188; 6 H. 466; 9 H. 275; 10 
 H. 275 ; 11 H. 121, 178 ; 12 H. 277 ; 2 C. 407 ; 4 
 C. 405 ; 5 C. 257 ; 6 0. 454 ; 10 C. 32 ; 4 Wr. 166 ; 
 6 Wr. 143 ; 8 Wr. 413 ; 10 Wr. 316 ; 4 S. 124 ; 5 S. 
 407. 
 
 33. For charging in general terms where no points 
 
 have been presented, 11 S. & R. 362; 12 S. & R. 
 214. 
 
 • 34. For variance between writ and narr., after ver- 
 dict, 13 S. & R. 29. 
 
 35. For admission op immaterial testimony, 6 S. 144. 
 
 36. For setting award aside, 14 S. & R. 144 ; 14 Wr. 
 
 257. 
 
 37. For refusing to receive acknowledgment of sher- 
 
 iff's deed, 2 W. & S. 271. 
 
 38. For entering judgment by confession without 
 
 NAER., 14 S. & R. 162. 
 
312 EKEOE. 
 
 ERROR — continued. 
 
 39. For granting new trial, 2 B. 80, 93; 2 S. & R. 383; 
 
 6 W. & S. 184; 3 0. 263; 3 Gr. 24. 
 
 40. For allowing set-off of judgment v. judgment, 16 
 
 S. & R. 318; 8 Wr. 256. 
 
 41. For refusing to set aside levy, 3 Barr 460 ; 1 "Wr. 
 
 366. 
 
 42. For rejecting legal evidence subsequently admit- 
 
 .ted, 9 H. 274. 
 
 43. Foe erroneous charge in favor of plaintiff in 
 
 ERROR, 7 S. & R. 147 ; 10 S. & R. 114. 
 
 44. Where charge has been as favorable as request 
 
 OF PARTY, 7 S. & R. 185 ; 10 S. & R. 220. 
 
 45. For admitting evidence of lost writing, 7 S. & R. 
 
 313. 
 
 46. For permitting jury to apply the law to the facts 
 
 OF A CASE, 8 S. & R. 268. 
 
 47. For admitting competent evidence at improper 
 
 time, 8 S. & R. 573 ; 7 Barr 126; 6 S, 183; 17 S. 
 214. 
 
 48. For refusing to charge against the testimony in 
 
 THE case, 8 S. & R. 124. 
 
 49. Foe refusing to open judgment, 2 W. & S. 271 ;' 2 
 
 Barr 435 ; 12 Wr. 70 ; 9 S. 51. 
 
 50. For opening judgment, 1 R. 323 ; 2 W. & S. 271 ; 8 
 
 C. 314. 
 
 51. For treating illegal evidence unobjected to as 
 
 legal, 8 S. & R. 181. 
 
 52. For admitting former evidence of absent witness, 
 
 9 H. 495. 
 
 53. For binding charge where facts are undoubted, 
 
 1 S. & R. 520 ; 5 S. & R. 134; 8 S. & R. 150; 11 S. 
 & R. 134; 1 P. & W. 385; 1 W. 433; 6 W. 46S-, 8 
 Barr 273; 7 H. 391 ; 9 H. 228 ; 10 0. 525. 
 
 54. For giving general opinion as to law and facts of 
 
 A CASE, 12 S. & R. 253 ; 14 S. & R. 220 ; 4 H. 269. 
 
 55. For misdirection on point not raised by the evi- 
 
 dence, 4 W. 359. 
 
 56. For refusing to charge on defect of pleadings, 5 
 
 W. & S. 87 ; 6 H. 243. 
 
 57. For inteefeeing with form of plea, 2 C. 78. 
 
EKROK. 313 
 
 ERROR — continued. 
 
 58. For staying procbedinss on bail bond, 6 S. & R. 
 
 542. 
 
 59. Whbeb one defendant has been discharged for 
 
 WANT of testimony AGAINST HIM, 14 Wr. 461. 
 
 60. For omitting to answer points in the words in 
 
 WHICH they are presented, 1 B. 349 ; 14 S. & R. 
 220; 6 Wh. 235; 10 Barr 145; 5 H. 216 ; 6 Wr. 102, 
 143, 188; 11 Wr. 244 ; 12 Wr. 320, 321. 
 
 61. For refusing to answer irrelevant points, 1 S. & 
 
 R. 176 ; 3 S. & R. 283; 7 S. & R. 99 ; 8 S. & R. 573 ; 
 6 W. & S. 353 ; 12 H. 72 ; 10 0. 312 ; 8 Wr. 413 ; 10 
 Wr. 316. 
 
 62. For refusing to answer points presented out of 
 
 TIME, 4 W. & S. 426. 
 
 63. For refusing to instruct jury as to consequence 
 
 of verdict, 5 S. & R. 147. 
 
 64. For answering kindred points together, 4 R. 100 ; 
 
 6 Wh. 335; 6 H. 215. 
 
 65. For answering points in general charge, 12 S. 
 
 & R. 149 ; 10 0. 304 ; 1 Wr. 170 ; 5 Wr. 234 ; 6 Wr. 
 102, 126, 143, 188; 8 Wr. 413. 
 
 66. For order to bx-prothonotary to pay money to suc- 
 
 cessor, 12 Wr. 335. 
 
 67. For order fixing fees of master in chancery, 4 
 
 Wr. 385. 
 
 68. For refusing to strike out testimony, 5 S. 263. 
 
 69. To reverse award of arbitrators, 2 R. 149 ; 3 P. & 
 
 W. 99; 3 W. 212. 
 
 70. To reverse matters collateral to action, 8 S. & R. 
 
 528. 
 
 71. To reverse proceedings db lunatico, 9 S. & R. 317. 
 
 72. To reverse proceedings of Common Pleas on certi- 
 
 orari TO JUSTICE. See Certiorari 5. 
 
 73. To reverse inquisition op damages, 4 C. 245. 
 
 X. Argument in, 4 Y. 8; 10 S. & R. 55; 12 S. & R. 89. 
 
 XI. Presumption, AS to facts in favor of plaintiff in 
 
 error, 3 C. 9. 
 
 XII. Judgment in. 
 
 1. Generally, 3 S. & R. 7; 4 S. & R. 396; 6 S. & R. 
 18; 6 W. 513; 2 W. & S. 60; 5 Barr 224; 7C. 467; 
 12 C. 445; 20 S. 315. 
 
314 ERROR— ESCAPE. 
 
 E RRO R — continued. 
 
 2. Interest on, 6 C. 340. 
 
 3. May be for or against some only of the parties, 7 H. 
 
 435; 18 S. 78,81. 
 
 4. May be to permit argument in court below for new 
 
 TRIAL, 5 H. 237. 
 
 XIII. Remission of record on affirmance of judgment, 
 3 Wr. 403. 
 
 XIV. Mandate for execution on reversal, 3 D. 343. 
 
 XV. Damages in, 2 D. 184; 3 D. 300, 304, 337. 
 
 XVI. Costs in, 1 D. 292; 3 D. 89, 342, 343; 5 B. 204; 14 
 
 S. & R. 265; 3 W. 222; 5 W. 292; 1 J. 277, 278. 
 
 XVII. Proceedings in error when evidence, 4 Barr 309. 
 
 XVIII. In criminal cases. 
 
 1. Allowance of. See Allocatur. 
 
 2. Under Act of March 31, 1860, 15 S. 51. 
 
 3. Under Act op February 15, 1870, construed, 15 S. 
 
 51. 
 
 4. Quashing of writ, 16 S. & R. 319. 
 
 5. When and for what it lies, 4 Y. 319; 2 S. & R. 453; 
 
 11 H. 355; 8 Wr. 386; 12 Wr. 53. 
 
 6. When refused, 3 S. & R. 199. 
 
 7. Record of when sufficient, ^ B. 65; 5 W. & S. 
 
 385; 1 C. 221; 5 C. 429. 
 
 8. Presumption in favor of indictment, 11 H. 355. 
 
 9. What heard on, 5 W. & S. 385; 1 H. 391; 12 H. 
 
 387; 5C. 429. 
 
 10. How exceptions in court below are construed, 5 C. 
 
 429. 
 
 11. Power of Supreme Court over sentence, 12 H. 387. 
 
 XIX. Writ from United States Court. 
 
 Effect of on execution of State Court, 3 Wr. 403. 
 
 ESCAPE. 
 
 I. Law relative to, discussed, 3 Y. 17; 3 B. 404; 1 Gr. 
 
 187. 
 
 II. British Statute relative to, 3 Y. 17 ; 4 Y. 453. 
 
 III. What is an, 2 Y. 221 ; 2 P. & W. 167 ; 5 W. 141 ; 3 
 W. & S. 495 ; 1 Gr. 187. 
 
 IV. Liability of officer for. See Constable; Gaoler; 
 
 Sheriff. 
 
ESCAPE— ESTATE IN REVERSION. 315 
 
 ESCAPE — continued. 
 
 V. Action for. 
 
 1. Where tried, 13 S. & R. 44 ; 8 Barr 405. 
 
 2. Who entitled to, 9 H. 215. 
 
 3. Evidence in, 3 Y. 17 ; 4 Y. 47, 53 ; 7 S. & R. 278 ; 5 
 
 W. 235. 
 
 4. Competency of witnesses in, 5 W. 235. 
 
 5. Verdict in, 4 Y. 47 ; 5 W. 141: 
 
 6. Damages in, 3 Y. 17; 4 Y. 54 ; 5 W. 141 ; 5 W. & S. 
 
 455. 
 
 VI. Indictment for, 5 C. 445. 
 
 ESCHEAT. 
 
 1. Doctrine of, discussed, 5 R. Ill ; 7 S. 102. 
 
 2. Of estate op alien, 7 W. 455. 
 
 3. For want of heirs, 1 C. 484; 1 H.41; 7 S. 102. 
 
 4. Of estate of lunatic, 5 R. 111. 
 
 5. Proceedings on, 1 W. 486. 
 
 6. Right of Commonwealth on, 1 W. 480 ; 1 C. 484 ; 3 C. 
 
 36. 
 
 7. Form of inquisition on, 2 W. 228 ; 7 S. 102. 
 
 8. Injunction to restrain, 14 S. 186. 
 
 9. Traverse of, 5 B. 375 ; 14 S. 194. 
 
 10. Warrant and survey for land granted before, 8 C. 
 
 36. 
 
 11. Application OF law to trusts, 14 S. 186, 198. 
 
 12. Liability of Philadelphia Savings Fund Society to, 
 
 14 S. 186, 193. 
 
 ESCROW. See Bond ; Deed. 
 
 ESTATE BY THE CURTESY. See Curtesy Estate. 
 
 ESTATE FOR YEARS. See Landlord; Lease; Tenant. 
 
 ESTATE IN DOWER. See Doweb. 
 
 ESTATE IN LEGACIES. See Legacy. 
 
 ESTATE IN PERSONAL PROPERTY. See Personal 
 Property. 
 
 ESTATE IN REMAINDER. See Remainder. 
 ESTATE IN REVERSION. See Reversion. 
 
316 ESTATE IN TAIL— ESTOPPEL. 
 
 ESTATE IN TAIL. See Entailed Estates. 
 
 ESTATE ON CONDITION. See Conditional Estates; 
 Deeds. 
 
 ESTATES. 
 
 I. Meaning of in will, 3 Y. 187 ; 6 W. 21. 
 
 II. Cannot be created with conditions kepugnant to 
 
 THEIR NATURE, 14 S. 95. 
 
 III. Creation of by implication, 1 H. 446. 
 
 IV. Enlargement of, 2 Y. 61 ; 9 Barr 151; 10 Barr 72 ; 7 
 C. 165, 171; 13 Wr. 483. 
 
 V. Forfeiture op, 3 D. 179, 486; 1 Y. 257 ; 2 Y. 450 ; 1 
 
 B. 1; 5 S. & R. 375; 5 W. 493; 8 W. 51 ; 2 W. & S. 
 88 ; 9 Barr 433 ; 4 H. 148 ; 9 H. 232 ; 12 H. 89. 
 
 VI. In fee simple. 
 
 1. Creation op bt will. 1 D. 226; 3 D. 477 ; 4 D. App. 
 
 xii.; 1 Y. 380; 2'Y. 250, 380; 4 Y. 179; 2 B. 
 13, 20, 455, 532; 3 B. 476; 5 B. 252; 6 B. 94, 
 97 ; 4 S. & R. 368 ; 8 S. & R. 268, 289 ; 9 S. & R. 
 434, 445 ; 12 S. & R. 54, 56 ; 13 S. & R. 65 ; 14 S. 
 & R. 84, 115 ; 4 R. 75, 81, 97 ; 3 W. 471 ; 5 W. 433 ; 
 6 W. 101, 171 ; 9 W. 360 ; 2 Wh. 282 ; 3 W. & S. 
 163, 419 ; 4 W. & S. 414; 7 W. & S. 96, 196 ; 3 Barr 
 446 ; 5 Barr 461 ; 6 Barr 414 ; 7 Barr 13 ; 9 Barr 
 140, 152; 10 Barr 245 ; IJ. 370 ; 1 H. 152, 594 ; 5 H. 
 96; 6 H. 23 ; 7 H. 41, 87, 369, 513 ; 10 H. 74 ; 11 
 H. 817; 12 H. 244; 1 C. 109, 142, 468, 484; 2 C. 
 477, 516; 3 0. 75; 4 C. 40, 89 ; 7 0. 53, 94; 8 C. 
 434; 9 C. 89, 92; 1 Wr. 461; 2 Wr. 289 ; 3 Wr. 
 469; 5 Wr. 288; 7 Wr. 445 ; 8 Wr. 297 ; 9 Wr. 178 ; 
 12 Wr. 466; 13 Wr. 483; 14 Wr. 143; 1 Gr. 235, 
 240; 2 S. 219; 3 S. 211; 7 S. 123, 125, 149; 8 S. 
 412 ; 10 S. 511 ; 14 S. 9, 17 ; 15 S. 388, 391, 418 ; 18 
 S. 84; 20 S. 147, 325. 
 
 2. Creation by deed, 1 D. 139; 3 D. 477; 2 Y. 250; 2 
 
 B. 391 ; 1 Vfh. 314; 2 Wh. 445; 9 W. & S. 123; 9 
 H. 343. See Deed. 
 
 VII. In puturo must rest on life estate granted, not 
 on one reserved, 1 S. 126. 
 
 VIII. For life. See Life Estate. 
 
 ESTOPPEL. 
 I. General rules relative to, 4 S. & R. 438 ; 13 S. & R. 
 
ESTOPPEL. 317 
 
 ESTO'P'PEL— continued. 
 
 304; 17 S. & R. 364; 7 W. 894; 5 Wh. 216; 6 Wh. 
 193; IW. &S. 299; 4 W. & S. 323; 5 W. & S. 209 ; 
 10 Barr 530; 3 H. 385; 7 11. 425; 7 C. 331; 9 C. 307; 
 10 C. 33; 11 C. 523; 12 C. 513; 9 Wr. 376; 12 Wr. 
 149; 2 Gr. 267, 413; 3 Gr. 177; 2 S. 253, 498; 5 S. 
 215; 9 S. 390; 12 S. 317; 13 S. 77, 97. 
 
 II. Object op rules, 1 W. & S. 299; 8 0. 58; 11 C. 523; 
 
 2 S. 498. 
 
 III. Who may plead or assert, 1 R. 141; 8 W. & S. 135; 
 1 J. 42; 8 G. 45; 11 0. 523; 2 Wr. 128; 9 Wr. 376; 
 1 Gr. 243; 2 Gr. 267; 13 S. 77. 
 
 IV. By simple contract, 1 Y. 497; 2 W. 427; 10 W. 67 ; 
 6 W. & S. 353; 8 Barr 199; 7 C. 517; 4 Wr. 157, 206; 
 6 Wr. 514 ; 12 Wr. 147. 
 
 V. By matters op record. 
 
 1. Judgment, 4 W. 183; 5 H. 412; 7 H. 124; 17 S. 153. 
 
 2. Application por land and warrant, 1 S. & R. 128. 
 
 3. Lines op survey, 4 Y. 300. 
 
 4. Proceedings in court, 4 Y. 35; 6 B. 129; 6 S. & R. 
 
 649; 7 S. & R. 467; 8 S. & R. 502; 11 S. & R. 168 
 16 S. & R. 1S8, 286; 17 S. & R. 319, 364; 3 R. 326 
 1 P. & W. 229; 2 P. & W. 27; 3 W. 230; 4 W. 410 
 5 W. 293; 8 W. 215, 314, 380; 3 Wh. 419; 4 Wh 
 43, 44; 3 W. & S. 517; 7 W. & S. 238; 1 Barr 197 
 
 5 Barr 175; 6 Barr 371; 10 Barr 28; IJ. 399; 1 H. 
 188; 2 H. 373; 7 H. 439; 7 C. 381; 10 C. 462; 5 
 Wr. 92, 353; 8 Wr. 274; 9 Wr. 405; 10 Wr. 236; 
 13 Wr. 346; 2 Gr. 60; 3 Gr. 187, 327; 1 S. 74; 16 
 S. 314; 20 S. 68, 351. 
 
 5. By proop op title to real estate, 8 W. 380 ; 6 W. & 
 
 S. 502. 
 
 6. By deed, 2 D. 196; 4 D. 168; 2 Y. 91: 3 Y. 172; 4 
 
 Y. 280; 1 S. & R. 102; 2 S. & R. 506; 4 S. & R. 
 397; 5 S. &R. 236; 6 S. & R. 80; 8 S. & R. 92; 10 
 S. & R. 63 ; 12 S. & R. 528; 13 S. & R. 304 ; 3 W. 
 95: 4 W. 405; 7 W. 394; 1 Wh. 337; 4 Wh. 423 ; 6 
 Wh. 193; 4 W. & S. 323; 5 W. & S. 209; 8 W. & S. 
 135 ; 7 Barr 111, 185, 378, 478 ; 7 H. 267; 8 H. 86 ; 
 9H. 437; 12 H. 47; 1 C. 468; 3 0. 151, 517; 4 0. 
 124, 413, 492 ; 7 0. 333, 334; 11 0. 523 ; 1 Wr. 379 ; 
 
 6 Wr. 514; 9 Wr. 468; 11 Wr. 411; 14 Wr. IT; 2 
 Gr. 84; 3 Gr. 54; 6 S. 286; 10 S. 16; 17 S. 186; 
 19 S. 449. 
 
318 ESTOPPEL. 
 
 ESTOPPEL— cowimwed 
 
 7. By covenant of warranty. See Warranty. 
 
 8. By acceptance of title, 8 S. & E. 92; 1 R. 386; 8 
 
 W. 380, 427; 10 W. 67; 2 C. 288; 4 C. 406; 1 Gr. 
 249. 
 
 9. By subsequent acquisition of title, 2 S. & R. 507 ; 
 
 11 S. & R. 426; 8 W. 280; 6 W. & S. 502; 7 W. & 
 S. Ill, 238; 5 Barr 168; 9 H. 436. 
 10. By collateral warranty of ancestor, 4 D. 168. 
 VI. In pais. 
 
 1. General rules as to, 4 S. & R. 438; 13 S. & R. 304; 
 
 17 S. & R. 364 ; 7 W. 394 ; 6 Wh. 193 ; 1 W. & S. 
 299; 4 W. & S. 323; 5 W. & 8. 209; 5 Barr 176; 
 
 10 Barr 527, 630; 3 H. 385; 7 H. 267, 425; 1 C. 
 449; 4 C. 124; 7 C. 49, 331; 9 G. 307; 10 C. 33; 
 
 11 C. 523; 12 G. 513; 1 Wr. 379; 9 Wr. 376; 12 
 Wr. 149; 2 Gr. 39, 267, 413; 3 Gr. 177; 2 S. 253, 
 498; 5 S. 215; 9 S. 390; 12 S. 317; 13 S. 77, 97; 
 
 17 S. 132. 
 
 2. By acts and declarations, 20 S. 228. See also, Ad- 
 
 missions AND Declarations. 
 
 3. By disclaimer of title, 2 P. & W. 19 ; 10 Barr 511 ; 
 
 6 Wr. 439. 
 
 4. By mistaken claim of right, 8 W. 215 ; 1 W. & S. 
 
 245; 6 W. & S. 502; 1 J. 53; 18 S. 164. 
 
 5. By assertion of matters of law, 2 S. 253; 15 S. 398. 
 
 6. By employment of counsel in former suit, 5 W. 506. 
 
 7. By acceptance under will, 7 W. & S. 238 ; 6 Barr 
 
 228; 9 Barr 456; 110.354; llWr. 378; 17 S. 125. 
 
 8. By recital, 2 S. & R. 14; 7 C. 331; 9 Wr. 468; 11 
 
 Wr. 411; 1 Gr. 243. See Recital. 
 
 9. By phraseology in bill or note, 2 B. 301. 
 
 10. By making inconsistent claims, 16 S. & R. 281 ; 10 
 
 W. 67; 5 W. & S. 284; 6 W. & S. 502; 2 C. 375; 9 
 C. 270; 1 J. 53; 9Wr. 496; US. 471; 15 S. 338; 
 
 18 S. 164; 20 S. 70,269. 
 
 11. By payment of interest on claim, 5 Wh. 26. 
 
 12. By payment of money, 1 R-. 171; 8 W. 280; 5 Wh. 42; 
 
 6 W. & S. 504; 7 W. & S. Ill, 125; 2 Barr 476; 5 
 Barr 168, 176; 10 Barr 208; 6 H. 346; 7 H. 424; 
 6 Wr. 41; 5 Wr. 55. 
 
 13. By calling and accrediting witness, 7 W. 39. 
 
ESTOPPEL— ESTRAY. 319 
 
 'ESTOV'PEL— continued. 
 
 14. By active participation in enterprise, 10 W. 364 ; 
 
 1 Barr 309; 4 C. 124; 7 C. 489; 8 C. 25; 6 Wr. 41; 
 
 5 Wr. 55. 
 
 15. By encouraging others to act, 10 S. & R. 146: 4'W. 
 
 192, 195; 4 W. & S. 323; 1 Barr 478; 4 C. 124; 14 
 Wr. 361; 4 S. 361; 10 S. 16; 19 S. 216. 
 
 16. By acts of ancestor, 6 Barr 414; 2 S. 275; 3 S. 349. 
 
 17. By affirmance of contract, 3 Wh. 370; 4 Wr. 157; 
 
 6 Wr. 514; 5 C. 495; 6 0. 84. 
 
 18. By acquiescence in proceeding, 1 C. 282; 5 0.495; 7 
 
 0. 331; 12 Wr. 388; 7 Wr. 67; 13 Wr. 133. 
 
 19. By representations at sale, 2 P. & W. 273. 
 
 20. By silence, 5 B. 129 ; 3 S. & R. 283 ; 13 S. & R. 306 ; 
 
 2 R. 96; 1 P. & W. 476; 2 P. & W. 19; 1 W. 314, 
 385, 424; 3 W. 239, 240, 357; 6 W. 339; 7 W. 163, 
 394; 5Wh. 42; 1 Barr 309, 478; 3 Barr 144; 4 Barr 
 193; 5Barr 132, 175; 6 Barr 228, 250, 253, 414; 10 
 Barr 198, 530, 531; 1 J. 53, 419; 2 J. 299; 1 H. 
 250, 252; 3 H. 260, 263; 4 H. 364; 10 H. 9; 1 0. 
 399; 3 0. 26,497; 4 0. 124; 7 0. 331, 334; 1 Wr. 
 379, 383; 2 Wr. 457; 4 Wr. 157; 6 Wr. 41, 439, 
 529; 12 Wr. 147, 380, 388; 14 Wr. 361; 3 S. 348; 
 9 S. 24, 214; 13 S. 417; 15 S. 237; 18 S. 164; 19 
 S. 388. 
 
 21. By disclaimer of defence or set off, 2 Y. 541, 565 ; 9 
 
 S. & R. 137; 14 S. & R. 304; 16 S. & R. 18; 1 P. 
 
 6 W. 24, 31 ; 5 W. 151 ; 6 Barr 327 ; 9 H. 436 ; 1 0. 
 436,449; 2 S. 211. 
 
 22. By receipt of purchase-money, 7 S. & R. 433; 1 R. 
 
 163, 171; 8W. 280; 5 W. & S. 205; 7 W. &S.127; 
 5 Barr 168; 6 Barr 229; 6 H. 346; 7 H. 424; 1 0. 
 282; 4 0. 73; 8 Wr. 449; 2 S. 274, 279; 3 S. 349. 
 
 23. By receipt of dividend, 1 Y. 50; 7 S. & R. 63 ; 11 
 
 S. & R. 426; 1 R. 163, 171; 8 W. 280; 1 Wh. 169; 
 
 7 W. & S. Ill; 4 Barr 195; 6 Barr 229; 10 Barr 
 208 ; IJ. 399 ; 7 H. 424 ; 2 C. 67 ; 4 0. 73 ; 8 Wr. 
 449 ; 12 Wr. 380 ; 2 S. 279. 
 
 24. By attorning. 1 H. 267. 
 
 ESTRAY. 
 
 1. What subject to sale under statute, 7 W. 482. 
 
 2. Liability of person taking charge of, 7 W. 557. 
 
320 ESTRAY— EVIDENCE. 
 
 ESTRAY — continued. 
 
 3. Liability op owner for injury done by, 7 W. & S. 369; 
 
 7 Barr 254; 3 H. 188. 
 
 4. Act relative to must be strictly pursued, 4 H. 22. 
 6. Effect of sale under invalid warrant, 6 W. 92. 
 
 6. Certiorari on, 2 R. 20. 
 
 7. Proceedings not to be reversed collaterally, 6 W. 
 
 492. 
 
 ESTREPEMENT. 
 
 1. Power of court to issue writ, 1 Wr. 260. 
 
 2. When it lies, 2 Y. 281 ; 6 H. 267; 7 H. 71; 12 H. 162. 
 
 3. Apeidavit on application for, 2 Y. 281. 
 4.. Enforcement of, 1 Y. 1. 
 
 5. Proceedings on motion to dissolve, 1 Wr. 260. 
 
 6. Damages in, 1 Y. 150, 169. 
 
 7. Action on bond given on motion to dissolve, 1 Wr. 
 
 260. 
 
 "EVERY MOVABLE." 
 Definition 'of, 2 D. 142. 
 
 EVICTION. 
 
 I. From real estate. 
 
 1. What constitutes, 5 S. & R. 122; 10 S. & R. 14; 4 
 
 R. 389;4 Wh. 90; 3 W. & S. 407; 9 Barr 338 ; 2 J. 
 75; 9 C. 452; 2 Wr. 340; 7 Wr. 115; 2 S. 292; 7 S. 
 271; 9 S. 420; 16 S. 425; 20 S. 83. 
 
 2. Proof of, 4.B. 352 ; 10 Wr. 229; 18 S. 400. 
 
 3. When a defence to payment of purchase-money, 7 
 
 S. & R. 43. See Purchase-money. 
 
 4. Form of plea, 7 Barr 185. 
 
 5. Effect of. 
 
 On rent, 11 S. & R. 419; 4 R. 435; 8 H. 200; 9 C. 
 
 452; 7 Wr.404. 
 On covenant of warranty, 3 W. & S. 407 ; 2 J. 75 ; 10 
 
 Wr. 229. 
 On covenant for quiet enjoyment, 7 S. 271. iSee Covenant. 
 
 EVIDENCE. 
 
 I. General rules of. 
 
 1. Dbfiniton of proof, 2 Y. 283. 
 
 2. Consists op what is and is not proved, 10 W. 104 ; 
 
 14 S. 120. 
 
EVIDENCE. 321 
 
 EYIBE'NGE— continued. 
 
 3. Preliminary rules, 9 W. 336; 6 "W. & S. 529; 4 
 
 Barr 420; 1 H. 248; 4 H. 22; 10 H. 135; 7 0. 252. 
 
 Must be confined to issue, 5 S. & R. 427 ; 11 S. & R. 
 
 155, 314; 2 P. & W. 482 ; 3 W. 458; 10 W. 128 ; 
 
 3 Barr 44, 239 ; 8 Barr 61, 54 ; IJ. 308 ; 5 C. 181 ; 
 
 1 Wr. 187. 
 
 Must not be vague or uncertain, 6 S. & R. 235 ; 10 W. 128. 
 
 Must support averments in pleading, 1 D. 216 ; 2 D. 
 
 301; 2 Y. 95, 107, 339, 444, 466; 8 Y. 428, 579; 
 
 2 B. 76; 6 B. 121; 2 S. & R. 441; 3 S. & R. 202, 
 564; 5 S. & R. 35, 427, 514; 7 S. & R. 469, 505; 
 11 S. & R. 271, 352; 15 S. & R. 68; 16 S. & R. 
 150; 2 P. & W. 301; 3 W. 458; 4 W. 44; 5 W. 
 368; 8 W. 181; 10 W. 128; 1 Wh. 167, 504, 269, 
 292; 2 Wh. 313; 3 Wh. 138; 4 Wh. 113; 2 W. & 
 S. 449; 8 Barr 289; 4 Barr 39; 7 Barr 883, 401, 
 473; 8 Barr 122; 9 Barr 230, 407; 10 Barr 105; 1 
 J. 308, 533 ; 1 H. 331 ; 2 H. 315 ; 4 H. 160 ; 8 H. 
 118; 10 H. 455; 8 C. 112 ; 1 Wr. 187 ; 8 Wr. 516. 
 
 Derived from acts and declarations of party. See Ad- 
 missions AND Declarations. 
 
 Best evidence must be offered, 3 R. 312 ; 4 R. 394 ; 7 W. 
 318 ; 6 Wh. 457 ; 1 W. & S. 445. 
 
 4. Object oi, when to be stated, 4 B. 198; 11 S. & R. 
 
 852; 1 W. & S. 060, 445; 1 S. 289, 387; 6 S. 90, 
 454. 
 
 5. Statement of substance, should accompany oefer, 
 
 1 Wr. 187 ; 1 S. 289. 
 
 6. Power of court over, 3 B. 589 ; 4 B. 198 ; 10 S. & 
 
 R. 182; 13 S. & R. 216 ; 14 S. & R. 153 ; 15 S. & 
 R. 31, 181 ; 9 W. 336 ; 6 Barr 868 ; 1 C. 208 ; 8 Wr. 
 192; 12 Wr. 512 ; 18 Wr. 65; 14 Wr. 319. 
 
 7. As to order of presenting, 2 S. & R. 381 ; 8 S. & 
 
 R. 311; 4 S. & R. 480; 7 S. & R. 273 ; 10 S. & R. 
 182 ; 11 S. & R. 184 ; 14 S. & R. 158; 1 R. 197 ; 8 
 P: & W. 40 ; 3 W. 101 ; 9 W. 336 ; 3 Wh. 39; 8 W. 
 & S. 390 ; 6 W. & S. 529 ; 3 Barr 895 ; 4 Barr 420 ; 
 5 Barr 110; 9 Barr 171; 2 H. 91 ; 5 H. 844; 10 
 H. 39, 135 ; 11 H. 157; 11 C. 808; 8 S. 81. 
 
 8. Technical objections not to be encouraged, 5 S. 
 
 854. 
 
 9. Materiality of, a question for the court, 6 Barr 
 
 368 ; 1 H. 247. 
 10. Right of party to support averments, 8 R. 250; 3 
 
 21 
 
322 EVIDENCE. 
 
 WVIDEl^GE— continued. 
 
 W. & S. 390 ; 3 Barr 187 ; 1 Wr. 327 ; 1 S. 514, 517 ; 
 19 S. 53. 
 
 11. Need not come up to parties opening, 1 P. & W. 
 
 383; 19 S. 53. 
 
 12. Written testimony construed by the court. See 
 
 Courts, II. 21. 
 
 13. Oral testimony by the jury. See Jury. 
 
 14. Evidence partly oral and partly written by the 
 
 JURY, 2 Wh. 26 ; 5 H. 514 ; 7 C. 252. 
 
 15. Strict rules, when dispensed with, 1 D. 16 ; 2 Y. 
 
 93; 4 B. 314; 3 Barr 451; 4 H. 305; 4 Wr. 160 ; 10 
 Wr. 504. 
 
 16. Admissibility of contents of writings, 1 W. & S. 
 
 445 ; 3 W. & S. 291 ; 4 W. & S. 426 ; 7 W. & S. 32, 
 317; 8 W. & S. 369; 9 W. & S. 75;. 9 Barr 172. 
 
 17. Admissibility of conversations, 11 S. & R. 280 ; 3 
 
 W. & S. 137 ; 6 Wr. 13 ; 7 Wr. 191 ; 7 S. 397. 
 
 18. As to proof of imivmterial averments, 2 H. 302 ; 8 
 
 C. 111. 
 
 19. As TO proof of testimony formerly given, 7 W. 195 ; 
 
 2 Barr 89; 11 H. 72; 10 0. 312. 
 
 20. Circumstantial, 9 W. 433, 556; 4 Barr 269; 11 C. 
 
 440. 
 
 21. Corroborative, 3 B. 546; 3 W. & S. 420; 1 Barr 48; 
 
 2 S. 310. 
 
 22. Cumulative, 3 B. 546; 3 W. & S. 426; 1 Barr 48; 
 
 5 S. 351. 
 
 23. Negative, 1 W. 271, 275. 
 
 24. Hearsay, 1 D. 9, 14; 2 Y. 477; 6 B. 59; 3 S. & R. 
 
 9 ; 8 S. & R. 381 ; 15 S. & R. 231; 1 W. & S. 68, 
 245; 6 W. & S. 266, 560; 4 Barr 145; 5 H. 231; 8 
 H. 287; 1 S. 332; 7 S. 152; 13 S. 36; 17 S. 226. 
 
 25. Secondary,4S.&R. 51, 55; 7 S. & R. 323; 16 S. & R. 
 
 77, 214; 1 W. 253; 2 W. 75, 187; 4 W. 218; 5 W. 
 526,536; 6 W. 164; 8W.77; 1 W. & S. 445; 3 W. & 
 S. 127, 291, 395; 4 W. & S. 426; 5 W. & S. 266, 333, 
 560: 9 W. & S. 75; 1 Barr 381 ; 2 Barr 18; 3 Barr 
 360; 6 Barr 347; 8 Barr 471; 9 Barr 28, 172; 8 H. 
 287; 7 C. 489; 1 Wr. 87; 13 S. 266; 16 S. 253. 
 
 26. Primary, definition of, 1 Wr. 87. 
 
 27. Rebutting, 4 B. 198; 4 S. & R, 551; 5 W. 389; 2 
 
 Barr 32; 9 H. 274; 2 S. 230; 13 S. 64. 
 
EVIDENCE. 323 
 
 BYIDE'NG^— continued. 
 
 28. SUR REBUTTING, 7 S. 168. 
 
 29. Scientific, 1 C. 95; 5 W. & S. 47. See Experts. 
 
 30. Evidence of previous award or verdict, 6 B. 430 ; 
 
 4R. 365; 1 Wh. 14. 
 
 31. Opinion op witnesses, 3 Y. 527 ; 7 S. & R. 90 ; 11 
 
 S. & R. 333; 14 S. & R. 137; 8 W. 479; 9 W. 311; 
 5 Wh. 376; 5 W. & S. 47; 8 W. & S. 61 ; 3 Barr 22; 
 
 9 Barr 151; 1 0. 95; 11 0. 325; 1 Wr. 225, 469; 4 
 Wr. 199, 474; 6 Wr. 114; 7 Wr. 506; 1 S. 321, 387; 
 4 S. 400; 5 S. 319; 17 S. 415; 18 S. 342. 
 
 32. Inference of witnesses, 5 W. & S. 333; 7 W. & S. 
 
 89. 
 
 33. Impression of witnesses, 4 S. & R. 329; 1 Wh. 292 ; 
 
 2 Wr. 56. 
 
 34. Belief of witnesses, 8 W. 406; 7 W. & S. 89; 1 
 
 Barr 381 ; 7 S. 425. 
 
 35. Evidence of facts occurring after suit, 5 S. & R. 
 
 201. 
 ' Withdrawal of testimony, 6 B. 430 ; 5 S. & R. 352 ; 7 
 S. & R. 220; 11 S. & R. 267; 1 P. & W. 388; 8 
 W. & S. 391; 4 Barr 317; 11 H. 43; 1 C. 203; 
 7 C. 193; 11 C. 492; 4 Wr. 492; 5 Wr. 113; 9 
 Wr. 96, 121; 11 Wr. 118; 12 Wr. 9; 14 Wr. 257; 
 7 S. 335. 
 
 36. Rejection of should be accompanied with reason 
 
 FOR, 4 W. & S. 362. 
 
 37. Motion to exclude when to be made, 1 0. 203; 11 
 
 C. 492 ; 5 Wr. 113; 9 Wr. 96, 121; 11 Wr. 118; 12 
 Wr. 9; 7 S. 335; 14 S. 425. 
 
 38. Effect of specific objection to, 12 H. 330 ; 4 Barr 
 
 427. 
 
 39. Effect of general objection, 7 H. 335; 8 H. 95; 
 
 10 H. 163; 4C. 271. 
 
 40. Effect of withholding proper testimony, 14 S. 121. 
 
 41. As to time of closing testimony, 9 W. 336. 
 
 42. Barred by Statute op Limitations, admissibility 
 
 OF, 1 W. & S. 112. 
 
 II. Oral. See Witnesses. 
 
 III. Written, general rules as to. 
 
 1. What requires no proof. See Ancient Deeds, &c. 
 
 2. Duty of court as to. See Courts 21. 
 
324 EVIDENCE. 
 
 'EYIBE^CE— continued. 
 
 3. Papers not made evidence by exhibition to opposite 
 
 PARTY, 3 B. 322; 5 S. & R. 514; 12 S. & R. 408; 16 
 S. & R. 126. 
 
 4. Admissibility in evidence. 
 Of abstracts 1 W. 254 
 
 Of acts of assembly, 1 D. 462, 464; 1 R. 386; 3 C. 479. 
 Of answer in equity, 1 C. 509; 2 Wr.467; 12 Wr. 512; 
 
 5 S. 269. 
 Of ancient deeds and documents. See Ancient Deeds. 
 Of answer in bankruptcy, 4 W. & S. 393. 
 Of advertisements, 14 S. & R. 200 ; 1 P. & W. 426. 
 Of ancient map, 6 S. 95. 
 Of assessment books, 10 Barr 296 ; 20 S. 32. 
 Of auditors' reports, 6 "W. & S. 815; 5 H. 345. 
 Of award. See Award. 
 Of bank book. See Bank Book. 
 Of bill of sale. See Bill of Sale. 
 Of board of property minutes, 8 W. & S. 178. 
 Of certificates. See Certificates. 
 Of conditions of sale, 1 R. 223. 
 Of charge of court. See Charge of Court. 
 Of church rules, 10 S. & R. 383 ; 3 W. & S. 495, 545; 
 
 5 W. & S. 266. 
 Of church register; 1 D. 2; 6 B. 416 ; 6 S. & R. 125; 
 
 10 S. & R. 383. 
 Of congressional journal, 3 D. 3, 9, 42; 3 Barr 22. 
 
 5. Op copies. 
 
 General rule as to, 13 S. & R. 259; 6 W. 288; 2 J. 209; 
 
 IH. 641; 1 Wr. 228; 5 Wr. 330. 
 Copy of assignment, 3 Y. 184. 
 Copy of deeds, 1 D. 2 ; 2 Y. 310 ; 4 B. 113, 304, 305; 
 
 6B. 228; 2 W. 75; 9 Barr 270. 
 Copy of bond, 4 B. 113; 6 B. 478; 14 S. & R. 431; 3 
 
 W. & S. 127. 
 Copy of contract, 4 Y. 275; 16 S. 253. 
 Copy of bill of lading, 2 D. 180; 4 D. 415. 
 Copy of deposition, 16 S. & R. 214. 
 Copy of mortgage, 4 C. 144. 
 Copy of manifest, 2 D. 180 ; 4 D. 415. 
 Copy of notice of protest, 3 R. 355 ; 3 Barr 474. 
 Copy of notice to quit, 14 S. & R. 153. 
 Copy of account book, 1 D. 65, 85 ; 2D. 217, 257 ; 1 Y. 
 
 213; 2 Y. 255; 12 S. & R. 263; 3 P. & W. 274; 
 
 2 Barr 323; 9 S. 344. 
 Copy of survey, 2 D. 81, 230; 2 Y. 440, 446, 448; 3 Y. 
 
EVIDENCE. 325 
 
 EYlTi'ENC^— continued. 
 
 587 ; 4 B. 189 ; 2 S. & R. 460 ; 10 S. & R. 326 ; 4 W. 
 
 132; 9 W. 544; 8 C. 131; 13 S. 259. See Survey. 
 Copy of entry in land office books, 1 Y. 297, 513 ; 2 Y. 
 
 81 ; 4 B. 314; 4 S. & R. 174; 10 S. & R. 383; 1 
 
 W. 57 ; 10 W. 251 ; 5 W. & S. 60; 4 Ban- 129. 
 Copy of proceeding in county commissioners' ofBce, 5 W. 
 
 248; 3 Barr 129; 6 Barr 210; 11 H. 145. 
 Copy of receipt, 2 Barr 18. 
 
 Copy of record, 5 S. 110. See Exemplificatiox. 
 Copy of letters, 2 D. 357; 4 B. 295; 7 S. & R. 116. 
 Copy of copy, 1 D. 64. 
 Copy of articles of association, 11 S. 328. 
 Copy of will, 5 S. & R. 212; 1 W. & S. 396. 
 Copy of warrant, 6 S. & R. 210. 
 Copy of notes of testimony, 2 Y. 529; 4 B. 108; 2 S. 
 
 & R. 84; 4 S. & R. 203, 317; 7 S. & R. 156; 10 
 
 S. & R. 14; 17 S. & R. 409 ; 1 P. & W. 412; 1 W. 
 
 236, 239; 3 W. 56, 255; 3 Wh. 48; 5 AVh. 156; 2 
 
 W. & S. 438; 6 W. & S. 51, 58 ; 8 W. & S. 61 ; 1 H. 
 
 90; 4 H. 25, 117; 11 H. 72; 3 C. 30; 11 Wr. 300. 
 Copy of justice's docket, 14 S. & R. 440 ; 2 R. 9. See 
 
 Justice. 
 Of corporation books. See Corporation Books, XIV. 
 Of draft of land. See Survey. 
 Of execution. See Execution. 
 Of exemplification. See Exemplification. 
 Of family book. See Advancement. 
 Of family agreement, 9 S. & R. 268; 1 J. 374. 
 Of family records, 1 D. 166 ; 2 D. 116, 230 ; 1 Y. 16; 
 
 6 S. & R. 135 ; 15 S. 338. 
 Of gazetteer, 2 Barr 240. 
 
 Of legislative journal, 2 C. 446. 
 Of letters. See Letters. 
 - Of list of first purchasers, 1 D. 2, 20, 64; 10 S. & R. 387. 
 Of memoranda, 1 D. 5; 3 Y. 98; 6 Barr 179. 
 Of minutes, 1 D. 2; 3 Y. 290 ; 3 S. & R. 373; 1 R. 
 
 143; 6 W. 338: 4 W. & S. 393; 1 Barr 224. 
 Of official papers, 2 D. 230; 8 S. & R. 407; 9 W. 311 ; 
 
 low. 76; 1 W. & S. 283, 501. 
 Of order of board of property. See Board of Property. 
 Of protest. See Bills and Notes; Shipmaster. 
 Of receipts. See Receipts. 
 Of recitals. See Recitals. 
 Of record of former suit, 3 S. & R. 204 ; 10 S. & R. 282 ; 
 
 7 W. 20; 4 Barr 309; 5 Barr 305; 19 S. 32. See 
 Former Recovery. 
 
326 EVIDENCE— EXECUTED CONTRACTS. 
 
 'EYIB'ENCE— continued. 
 
 Of release, ^ee Release. 
 
 Of survev. See Survey. 
 
 Of treasurer's books, 6 Barr 210 ; 4 H. 232. 
 
 Of will of third party, 16 S. & R. 214. 
 
 EXAMINATION, ^^ee Equity; Prisoner; Witnesses. 
 
 EXAMINER IN EQUITY. 
 Appointment of, 16 S. 178. 
 
 EXCEPTIONS, ^ee Auditors; Award; Roads. 
 
 EXCHANGE. , ^ 
 
 I. Damages regulated by rate oe, 1 Y. 205. 
 
 II. Of personal property. 
 
 1. Equivalent to sale, 5 W. 201. 
 
 2. Implied warranty on, 18 S. 146. 
 
 3. Rescission op contract for, 3 Barr 13. 
 
 4. Action for deceit on, 4 Y. 522. 
 
 5. Action on contract for, 14 S. & R. 179. 
 
 III. Op real property. 
 
 1. By parol, 3 p. & W. 505; 8 W. & S. 135; 7 S. 427; 
 
 18 S. 146; 19 S. 282. 
 
 2. By DEED, 7 S. 427; 18 S. 146. 
 
 3. Where title is inchoate, 2 P. & W. 399. 
 
 4. Implied warranty on, 4 D. 443; 3 P. & W. 505; 7 S. 
 
 427; 18 S. 146; 19 S. 282. 
 
 5. Enporcement of contract por. 
 At law, 7 W. 231; 19 S. 282. 
 In equity, 6 W. 370; 3 C. 176. 
 
 6. Remedy on eviction, 19 S. 282. 
 
 7. Possession under, 5 W. 146; 8 W. & S. 135; 7 Barr 
 
 110 ; 9 Barr 117 ; 2 H. 260. 
 
 IV. Of collateral securities, 6 Wh. 234. 
 
 EXCLUSIVE. 
 
 Meaning of in will, 4 Barr 376. 
 
 EXCUSABLE HOMICIDE DISCUSSED, 2 Wr. 265; 8 S. 10. 
 
 EXECUTED CONTRACTS. See Contracts. 
 
 1. What are, 6 Barr 433; 3 C. 208, 301; 2 Wr. 102, 169, 
 
 517; 12 Wr. 382; 1 S. 125; 5 S. 517. 
 
 2. When not void for illegality, 5 Barr 81 ; 1 J. 212 ; 12 
 
 H. 62; 3C. 90. 
 
EXECUTED CONTRACTS— EXECUTION WRITS. 327 
 
 EXECUTED CONTRACTS— cojiimweJ. 
 
 3. Proof of, 17 S. 195, 214. 
 
 4. Mutuality in, necessity for, 5 S. 504, 516. 
 
 5. Effect of on title, 5 C. 300; 8 C. 13. 
 
 6. How construed, 9 S. 267. 
 
 7. Action on, 4 Y. 353. 
 
 EXECUTION CREDITOR. 
 
 1. Rights of. 
 
 As against other creditors, 2 Barr 321; 13 S. 851. 
 To control writ, 3 P. & W. 487 ; 1 C. 384 ; 3 0. 196. 
 Where there are two or more funds, 8 C. 103. 
 As against sheriff, 18 S. 60 
 
 2. Liability of. 
 
 Eor his own neglect or default, 18 S. 60. 
 
 EXECUTION OF PAPERS. 
 
 When proof of is unnecessary, 3 S. 176. See also, Affi- 
 davit OF Defence; Waiver. ' 
 
 EXECUTION WRITS. 
 
 1. Object of, 1 C. 145. 
 
 2. Stay of. 
 
 Implied contract for, 19 S. 255. 
 
 Express contract for, 1 D. 133; 3 B. 126, 169; 2 S. & 
 
 R. 35; 11 S. & R. 94; 2 W. 45; 3 W. 376, 10 W. 
 
 148; 1 Barr 168; 4 Barr 183; 17 S. 49; 19 S. 255. 
 Under Appraisement Act, 9 S. & R. 277. 
 Under claim of freehold, 4 Y. 373; 5 B. 432; 6 B. 253; 
 
 10 S. 388; 15 S. 85. 
 By order of judge at chambers, 8 Barr 240; 3 C. 40, 
 
 197; 8 Wr. 195. 
 By 'Supreme Court of United States, 3 Wr. 403. 
 By Court of Common Pleas, 1 D. 127; 1 B. 499; 2 
 
 Barr 75; 1 J. 17; 2 J. 358; 3 C. 40; 7 C. 282; 3 
 
 S. 158. 
 Stipulation as to preservation of lien, 8 Wr. 195 ; 18 S. 61. 
 Where special bail has been entered, 2 B. 195 ; 3 B. 
 
 427. 
 Where bail for stay is entered, 1 B. 195; 3 S. & R. 462; 
 
 10 S. & R. 188 ; 17 S. & R. 282 ; 3 Wh. 68 ; 6 Wh. 
 
 859; 1 W. & S. 101, 139, 159; 4 Barr 305; 6 Barr 
 
 198; 11 Wr. 214. 
 Length of stay, 6 Barr 430. 
 Effect of, 12 S. & R. 24, 412; 7 W. & S. 260; 8 Barr 
 
 240; 3 C. 195; 8 Wr. 195; 18 S. 61. 
 
328 EXECUTION WRITS. 
 
 EXECUTION WRITS— continued. 
 
 Right of surety on bond for, 10 S. & R. 188; 1 W. & S. 
 
 155; 4 W. & S. 312; 4 Barr 183; 5 Barr 39; 6 
 
 Barr 7(5; 7 Barr 333; 12 Wr. 510, 
 Right of persons in military service to, 4 Wr. 324; 5 Wr. 
 
 441; 11 Wr. 127; 3 Or. 393. 
 Practice as to, under Act of 1812, 8 W. & S. 549 ; 5 
 
 Barr 310, 312; 8 H. 253. 
 On judgment in United States Courts, 3 Wr. 403. 
 
 3. When evidence, 7 W. & S. 32; 3 Wh. 250; 3 Barr 294. 
 
 4. Election of writs of, 2 B. 218 ; 9 S. & R. 16. 
 
 5. Conflicting writs of, 10 W. 213. 
 
 6. Limit as to number of, 2 W. 30 ; 4 Wr. 30.9 ; 2 Gr. 107. 
 ^ 7. Time of issuing, 2 Y. 274; 2 S. & R. 142; 6 Barr 430. 
 
 " 8. Teste of, 2 Y. 242 ; 15 S. & R. 112 ; 2 Barr 401. 
 
 9. Must conform to judgment, 6 S. & R. 412 ; 2 H. 160 ; 
 8 C. 158. 
 
 10. On original judgment, 2 Barr 401. 
 
 11. On void judgment, 7 W. 20, 301; 10 W. 118. 
 
 12. For instalments not yet due, 1 W. 60; 6 H. 15. 
 
 13. For whole debt on default of payment of interest, 2 
 
 Wr. 150. 
 
 14. After death of debtor, 15 S. & R. 16, 112. 
 
 15. When improper and illegal, 12 S. & R. 827 ; 2 W. 30. 
 
 16. On transcript from justice, 2 W. 424; 6 W. & S. 343; 
 
 5 Barr 520. 
 
 17. Payment of judgment proved by, 3 P. & W. 393. 
 
 18. When fraudulent as to other creditors, 3 P. & W. 
 
 374, 487 ; 4 Wr. 244; 5 Wr. 273, 524 ; 8 Wr. 123. 
 
 19. Voidable, 13 S. & R. 189; 4 W. 367; 4 Wh. 339; 1 
 
 H. 22. 
 
 20. Discontinuance of, 1 B. 214. 
 
 21. Not to be avoided collaterally, 1 H. 122. 
 
 22. Power of court over, 1 D. 127; 2 D. 206; 1 Y. 9, 109: 
 
 2 Y. 387 ; 4 Y. 337 ; 1 B. 152, 499 ; 2 B. 93 ; 3 B. 404; 
 
 2 S. & R. 35; 4 S. & R. 272; 1 P. & W. 222; 1 W. 62; 
 10 W. 303; 9 Barr 367; IJ. 17; 2 ,J. 358; 6 H. 15; 
 
 3 C. 40; 5 C. 242; 7 C. 282; 8 0. 103; 12. C. 373. 
 
 23. Setting aside op, 2 Y. 370; 4 Y. 193, 357; 3 B. 404; 
 
 2 S. & R. 57; 1 W. & S. 293 ; 9 Barr 123 ; 6 11. 482 ; 
 
 3 C. 208; 5 C. 242. 
 
EXECUTION WRITS— EXECUTOR. 329 
 
 EXECUTION WniTS— continued. 
 
 24. Priority among, 2 W. 303 ; 8 W. & S. 438 ; 7 W. & S. 
 
 134 ; 7 Barr 206 ; 6 H. 439 ; 6 C. 358. 
 
 25. Payments on account before return of, 3 C. 205. 
 
 26. Return of, 3 C. 196. 
 
 27. Form of writ. See The various Executions. 
 
 28. Review of in error, 1 R. 44; 3 C. 208; 5 C. 242; 3 
 
 Wr. 284. 
 
 EXECUTOR. \ 
 
 I. Selection of. See Administration ; Will. 
 
 II. Equivalent to " legal representative," 8 Wr. 279. 
 
 III. Rights of. 
 
 1. To administer estate of testator, 12 S. 166. 
 
 2. To control assets of testator, 11 S. & R. 377; 14 
 
 S. & R. 115; 4 R. 148; 4 W. 134; 4C. 376. 
 
 3. To retain debt due from testator, 8 S. & R. 17; 11 
 
 S. & R. 204; 12 S. & R. 425; 2 W. 283; 1 C. 92. 
 
 4. To RESIDUE OF ESTATE, 1 B. 575. 
 
 5. To CREDIT FOR SERVICES FOR TESTATOR, 3 R. 343. 
 
 6. To CREDIT FOR MONEY PAID FOR TESTATOR, 4 Y. 105; 2 
 
 W. 414; 9 S. 390. 
 
 7. To CREDIT FOR MONEY PAID TO DISTRIBUTEES, 2 P. & W. 
 
 419; 2 W. 414. 
 
 8. To CREDIT FOR COUNSEL FEES, 2 P. & W. 419 ; 3 W. & S. 
 
 441; 4 W. & S. 98; 7 Barr 455; 2 Wr. 466; 5 Wr. 
 94; 11 Wr. 356; 4 S. 67. 
 
 9. To CREDIT FOR NECESSARY EXPENSES PAID FOR ESTATE, 
 
 9 S. & R. 209; 9 W. & S. 98 ; 7 Barr 325. 
 
 10. To CREDIT FOR COSTS ON ISSUES DEVISAVIT VEL NON, 1 
 
 H. 569. 
 
 11. To CREDIT FOR DEBTS PAID BY WIDOW,' 11 W^r. 424. 
 
 12. To CREDIT FOR MONEY PAID ON FAIR COMPROMISE OF 
 
 CLAIM, 7 S. 46. 
 
 13. For interest on balance on his account, 3 R. 243. 
 
 14. To purchase at sale op testator's property, 1 Y. 
 
 307; 2 R. 392; 2 Wh. 52; 9 Barr 279; 3 Gr. 379. 
 
 15. To PURCHASE LIEN AGAINST ESTATE, 4 W. 15; 5 Wh. 
 
 112; 9 S. 390. 
 
 16. To PLEAD Statute of Limitations, 1 Wh. 65; 2 J. 65. 
 
 17. To PLEAD SET-OFF, 3 B. 135; 6 S. & R. 244; 2 R. 121; 
 
 2 J. 64, 347. 
 
330 EXECUTOR. 
 
 EXECUTOR— continued. 
 
 18. To WAIVE PBRFQRMANCE OF CONTRACT MADE WITH TES- 
 
 TATOR, 7 H. 22T; 8 H. 210. 
 
 19. To SECURITY ON DELIVERY OF LEGACY, 7 W. 203 ; 8 W. 
 
 64. 
 
 20. To SETTLE ACCOUNT FOR COLLECTION OP HIS OWN CLAIMS, 
 
 5 W. 84; 1 W. &S. 208. 
 
 21. To TESTIFY. 
 
 In support of will, 5 H. 54. 
 As to his account, 7 W. 64. 
 In suit or action by or against the estate, 2 Y. 37, 256 ; 
 
 3 Y. 157; 1 B. 444; 2 Barr 105; 1 H. 108; 5 H. 
 
 54 ; 12 H. 143. 
 
 22. To BEQUEST GIVEN TO, 6 W. 42. 
 
 23. To APPEAL FROM AWARD OR JUDGMENT, 5 B. 508 ; 2 R. 
 
 78; 2 W. 209; 2 Barr 404, 406. 
 
 24. To SUBMIT CASE TO ARBITRATION, 2 "Wr. 239. 
 
 25. To DEFEND WITHOUT AFFIDAVIT OP DEFENCE, 2 Y. 235. 
 
 26. To BRING EJECTMENT, 4 C. 17. 
 
 27. To RETAIN FUND TO COVER EXPENSES, 14 S. 151. 
 
 28. To ACCOUNT AFTER REVOCATION OF LETTERS, 15 S. 39. 
 
 29. To ASK FOR APPOINTMENT OF AUDITOR, 1 H. 188. 
 
 30. To SELL LAND FOR PAYMENT OF DEBTS, 6 H. 423 ; 12 H. 
 
 142; 6 C. 265. 
 
 31. To BENEFIT OF PROMISE MADE AFTER DEATH OF TES- 
 
 TATOR, 8 S. & R. 402 ; 2 Barr 424. 
 
 32. Where there is a power to sell, 3 C. 62; 5 C. 265. 
 
 33. To TROVER AGAINST MORTGAGEE OF CHATTEL, 4 Wr. 501. 
 
 34. To SUBROGATION, 2 R. 250; 5 W. & S. 397; 5 Barr 
 
 103. 
 
 35. To BE REIMBURSED OUT OF WIFE'S ESTATE FOR OVER PAY- 
 
 MENT TO HUSBAND, 6 H. 423. 
 
 36. To COMPENSATION, 9 S. & R. 204, 223, 226 ; 2 P. & W. 
 
 419; 4 Wh. 98; 5 Wh. 228; 2 Barr 258; 10 Barr 
 408; 2 J. 347; 9 H. 335; 4 C. 17; 8 C. 495; 9 C. 
 47; 12 C. 395; 6 Wr. 461; 11 Wr. 424: 4 S. 67; 12 
 S. 109; 15 S. 16; 20 S. 411. 
 
 37. To RENOUNCE EXECUTORSHIP, 16 S. & R. 416; 12 S. 
 
 169. 
 
 38. To AVOID ACTS OP TESTATOR ON GROUND OF FRAUD, 2 W. 
 
 226; 6 W. & S. 85; 18 S. 495. 
 
 39. To PAY MONEY INTO COURT, 4 Wr. 231. 
 
EXECUTOE. 331 
 
 EXECJJTOn— continued. 
 IV. Duties oe. 
 
 1. Genbraly, 10 0. 473; 12 S. 169; 18 S. 151. 
 
 2. Before probate of will, 12 S. 169. 
 
 3. As TO ASSETS OF DECEASED, 2 B. 294 ; 14 S. & R. 115 ; 
 
 4R. 148; 4 W. 134; 4 0. 376. 
 
 4. As TO INVENTORY, 8 S. & R. 128; 3 Barr 425; 1 C. 
 
 95. 
 
 5. As TO widow's exemption, 1 C. 31 ; 2 Wr. 475; 11 Wr. 
 
 230. 
 
 6. As to dates of receipts and payments, 7 S. 47. 
 
 7. As TO INVESTMENT OF FUNDS, 5 Wh. 228; 5 W. & S. 
 
 254; 8 C. 495; 11 H. 154; 7 S. 46; 12 S. 142,183; 
 
 14 S. 807. 
 
 8. As TO ELECTION OR RENUNCIATION, 12 S. 169. 
 
 9. As TO PROPERTY NOT DISPOSED OF BY WILL, 1 B. 575 ; 
 
 3 B. 557. 
 
 10. As TO UNFINISHED CONTRACTS OF DECEASED, 7 H. 227 ; 
 
 8 H. 210; 10 H. 512; 11 H. 316; 3 C. 257; 7 C. 
 235. 
 
 11. As TO PURCHASE OF CLAIMS AGAINST ESTATE, 4 W. 15 ; 
 
 5 Wh. 112; 9 S. 390. 
 
 12. Defalk debt of legatee, 3 Y. 9. 
 
 13. As to leasing real estate UNDER WILL, 11 H. 433. 
 
 14. As to collateral inheritance tax, 10 0. 204. 
 
 15. As TO collection and DISTRIBUTION OP PROCEEDS OF 
 
 SALE UNDER WILL, 14 S. & R. 115; 4 0. 376; 5 C. 
 265. 
 
 16. On receipt of money after confirmation of ac- 
 
 counts, 4 0. 376. 
 
 17. To sell real estate under power in will, 1 Y. 423 
 
 1 B. 506; 9 S. & R. 424; 1 Barr 368; 5 Barr 273 
 10 Barr 446; 2 H. 444; 10 H. 140; 3 C. 62; 5 C 
 265 ; 8 C. 265 ; 1 Wr. 300 ; 2 S. 266 ; 14 S. 325, 330 
 
 15 S. 480. 
 
 18. To sell real estate, where no person is named in 
 
 will for that purpose, 2 D. 223; 1 Barr 368; 2 J. 
 71; 4 S. 285. 
 
 19. As to rents received, 3 Gr. 250. 
 
 20. To exhibit vouchers for payments, 6 W. 50. 
 
332 EXECUTOR. 
 
 EXECUTOR— cow^mweJ. 
 
 21. To NOTIFY DISTRIBUTEES OF MONEYS DUE, 2 Gr. 102. 
 
 Invest uncalled for distributive shares, 2 Gr. ,102. 
 
 22. When a trustee under will, 8 B. 555, 557 ; 17 S. 
 
 & R. 298; 2 R. 287; 4 R. 483; 1 W. 370; 8 W. 
 236 ; 9 W. 252, 302; 2 Wh. 228; 4 Wh. 179; 5 Wh. 
 228; 1 W. & S. 289; 2 Barr 325, 425; 7 Barr 459; 
 6 H. 179, 183; 4 C. 376; 5 Wr. 45; 13 Wr. 494; 3 
 Gr. 169, 250; 2 S. 258, 267; 11 S. 478. 
 V. Power and authority of. 
 
 1. Over assets of deceased generally, 8 S. & R. 128 ; 
 
 4 C. 372; 4 R. 148; 4 W. 134. 
 
 2. Distinguished from those of trustees, 2 S. 232. 
 
 3. Continues until resignation or dismissal, 4 0. 459. 
 
 4. To exercise discretionary powers, 4 C. 17; 9 S. & 
 
 R. 204. 
 
 5. To SUE ON contracts of testator, 2 p. & W. 496. 
 
 6. To encumber estate of testator by contract, 8 S. 
 y &R. 403; 1 S. 459. 
 
 7. To WAIVE performance op unfinished contract, 7 H. 
 
 227; 8H. 210. 
 
 8. To BRING EJECTMENT, 4 C. 17. 
 
 9. To SUE FOR MENSE profits, 2 H. 444; 6 C. 135. 
 
 10. To WAIVE Statute of Limitations, 5 B. 573; 7 W. 
 
 420 ; 6 Barr 267. 
 
 11. To REVIVE DEBT BARRED BY STATUTE OF LIMITATIONS, 
 
 5 B. 573; 14 S. & R. 195; 15 S. & R. 231; 1 Wh. 
 69; 5 Barr 225. 
 
 12. To WAIVE FORMAL PROOF ON TRIAL, 7 Wr. 115. 
 
 13. To DEFALK DEBT OF LEGATEE, 3 Y. 9. 
 
 14. To VARY RIGHTS OF CREDITORS, 2 Y. 483 ; 4 Y. 479. 
 
 15. To COMPROMISE CLAIMS, 9 S. & R. 204; 4 W. & S. 501; 
 
 4 C. 17, 376; 7 S. 46. 
 
 16. To RELEASE LAND OF MONEY CHARGES,- 6 H. 280. 
 
 17. To CONFESS JUDGMENT, 2 W. 71 ; 8 Barr 357 ; 13 Wr. 
 
 155. 
 
 18. To WAIVE INQUISITION FOR CONDEMNATION, 8 W. 403 ; 
 
 1 C. 457 ; 13 Wr. 155. 
 
 19. To PROSECUTE JUDGMENT RECOVERED BY TESTATOR, 4 
 
 Barr 232. 
 
 20. As TRUSTEE UNDER THE WILL. See ante, IV. 22. 
 
EXECUTOK. 333 
 
 IIXEGHTOR— continued. 
 
 21. When not a trustee, 2 R. 287. 
 
 22. To PURCHASE FOR ESTATE, 3 R. 55 ; 2 Barr 467; 1 Gr. 
 
 272. 
 
 23. Over legacies charged on land, 9 C. 47. 
 
 24. As TO covenant of warranty, 16 S. & R. 237 ; 7 W. 44. 
 
 25. Op executor of deceased executor, 1 B. 196. 
 
 26. To DISTRAIN FOR ARREARS OF WIDOW'S INTEREST, 8 Wr. 
 
 220. 
 
 27. To SUBMIT CASE TO ARBITRATION, 2 Wr. 239. 
 
 28. To APPEAL FROM AWARD OR jud'gment, 5 B. 408; 2 R. 
 
 78; 2 W. 209; 2 Barr 404, 406, 
 
 29. To SELL PROPERTY OF TESTATOR, 2 D. 223, 291, 293; 1 
 
 Y. 380, 423, 568; 1 B. 69, 546; 11 S. & R. 311; 13 
 S. & R. 259; 2 R. 392; 10 W. 274; 5 Wh. 381, 524; 
 5 Barr 273; 8 Barr 343, 418; 2 J. 71; 6 H. 183; 12 
 H. 142; 5 C. 225; 12 C. 89; 1 Wr. 300; 2 Wr. 259, 
 475; 3 Wr. 463; 4 Wr. 422, 427; 6 Wr. 183, 414; 
 7 Wr. 83, 92; 8 Wr. 243; 9 Wr. 84, 394, 435; 10 
 Wr. 380; 11 Wr. 144, 503; 13 Wr. 143; 2 Gr. 249; 
 13 S. 273, 355. See ante, IV. 17, 18. 
 
 30. Effect of sales on liens, 1 D. 486 ; 2 D. 291, 293 
 
 4D. 450; 1 Y. 553; 13 S. &R. 259; 17 S. & R. 276 
 1 P. & W. 12 ; 2 W. 339 ; 4 W. 71 ; 3 W. & S. 28 
 5 Barr 242 ; 8 Barr 126, 473; 10 Barr 265; 1 H. 98 
 4 C. 47 ; 9 Wr. 435. 
 
 31. After discharge, 1 Gr. 360. 
 
 32. After renunciation, 3 Gr. 18. 
 
 VI. Liability of. 
 
 1. To GIVE SECURITY, 12 S. & R. 317 ; 4 R. 482 ; 10 Barr 
 
 37; 3 C. 237; 7 C. 522; 7 Wr. 83; 1 Gr. 364: 3 S. 
 470. 
 
 2. On bond, 4 S. & R. 392 ; 12 S. & R. 138 ; 1 P. & W. 
 
 472 ; 1 W. 374, 437 ; 2 W. Ill ; 8 W. 110, 160, 515 ; 
 4 Barr 344, 346 ; 9 Barr 372 ; IJ. 150 ; 2 H. 71 ; 7 
 C. 522; 7 Wr. 83; 3 S. 470. 
 
 3. Limitation to suit against, 2 H. 71. 
 
 4. Power of court over bond of, 3 S. 470. 
 
 5. For assets of testator, 2 B. 294 ; 4 S. & R. 389 ; 2 
 
 R 436 ; 3 P. & W. 185 ; 8 W. & S. 144 ; 10 Wr. 131. 
 
 6. For interest, 1 D. 311 ; 1 B. 94 ; 7 S. & R. 264 ; 14 
 
 S. & R. 232 ; 2 R. 304, 305 ; 2 W. 405 ; 6 W. 250 ; 8 
 
334 BXECUTOE. 
 
 ^XEGVTOn—Gontinued. 
 
 W. 73; 5 W. & S. 380; 7 Barr 36, 455 ; 9 Barr 428 ; 
 10 Barr 408, 457 ; 1 H. 575; 10 H. 445; 12 H. 180, 
 335,413; 7 C. 44; 10 0.188; 12 C. 395 ; 4 Wr. 
 231 ; 9 Wr. 394; 3 Gr. 141 ; 7 S. 46; 14 S. 307. 
 
 7. To JUDGMENT BY NIL DIGIT, 2 B. 436. 
 
 8. For costs, 11 S. & R. 247 ; 2 R. 180; 2 P. & W. 419; 
 
 8 W. & S. 380 ; 7 Barr 136 ; 10 Barr 408 ; 1 H. 569 ; 
 
 9 H. 335 ; 11 H. 433, 471 ; 5 C. 237 ; 12 C. 395 ; 11 
 Wr. 424 ; 14 S. 307. 
 
 9. For debt dub jbstator, 8 S. & R. 17 ; 9 S. & R. 204, 
 
 208; 10 S. & R. 269; 12 S. & R. 429; 7 W. 44; 2 
 Barr 258 ; 12 H. 286 ; 10 Wr. 131. 
 
 10. For investments, 5 W. & S. 254 : 2 Wh. 228 ; 2 J. 
 
 375 ; 8 C. 495 ; 5 Wr. 495. 
 
 11. For loss by negligence or mismanagement, 4 R. 
 
 161 ; 6 W. 92 ; 8 W. & S. 151 ; 2 Barr 467 ; 4 C. 
 473; 10 C.473; 11 C. 294; 12 C. 89; 1 Wr. 323; 2 
 Wr. 259; 10 Wr. 131 ; 11 Wr. 424; 1 Gr. 364; 3 Gr. 
 141 ; 7 S. 46, 91 ; 13 S. 355 ; 14 S. 307. 
 
 12. For loss without negligence, 4 R. 148 ; 1 P. & W. 
 
 213 ; 6 W. 185 ; 1 S. 242. 
 
 13. To suit by legatees, 3 B. 557 ; 5 B. 33; 4 S. & R. 213, 
 
 509; 9 S. & R. 424 ; 2 R. 185 ; 1 P. & W. 422; 2 W. 
 209 ; 1 J. 150. 
 
 14. To suit by creditors of testator, 4 D. 108 ; 1 Y. 
 
 250 ; 2 R. 185 ; 5 R. 137, 266 ; 4 W. 416 ; 5 W. & S. 
 529; 7 Wr.-509; 10 Wr. 131. 
 
 15. To suit by attaching creditor of distributee, 7 W. 
 
 & S. 376, 379 ; 2 Wr. 93. 
 
 16. To foreign attachment, 2 D. 79, 97; 2 Wh. 338; 8 
 
 0. 384. 
 
 17. To suit personally, 3 B. 557; 5 B. 33; 8 S. & R. 
 
 402 ; 2 R. 112 ; 5 R. 137 ; 2 Barr 424 ; 5 Barr 508 ; 
 9 Barr 428 ; 1 C. 31 ; 11 C. 294 ; 10 Wr. 465 ; 9 S. 
 99. 
 
 18. To arrest on capias, 2 B. 436. 
 
 19. As trustee, 3 B. 537; 5 B. 575; 17 S. & R. 298; 1 
 
 W. 370; 2 Wh. 228 ; 2 Barr 325, 425 ; 7 Barr 459 ; 4 
 C. 376. 
 
 20. For income of lands devised, 1 Barr 88; 2 J. 198; 
 
 8 C. 495 ; 6 Wr. 45 ; 11 Wr. 283. 
 
 21. For profits received out of estate of testator, 15 
 
EXECUTOR. 335 
 
 EXE CVTOn— continued. 
 
 S. & R. 65; 6 W. 250; 2 Barr 467; 4 Wr. 409; 1 
 Gr. 272. 
 
 22. To ACTION FOR TRESPASS OF TESTATOR, 5 Barr 113. 
 
 23. On purchase of land for claim due estate, 2 Barr 
 
 467. 
 
 24. On contract made under will of deceased, 7 0. 
 
 235. 
 
 25. On covenant of testator, 1 R. 133; 11 H. 316; 3 
 
 0. 257, 288. 
 
 26. On warranty on land sold under will, 5 C. 106. 
 
 27. To SCIRE FACIAS ON DEATH OF PARTY AFTER APPEAL, 7 
 
 S. & R. 254. 
 
 28. To LEVARI FACIAS, 4 Wr. 427. 
 
 29. For sales improperly made, 6 W. 92; 10 0. 29. 
 
 30. For property taken by tenant for life, 7 0. 46. 
 
 31. For improper payments, 7 S. /i; R. 7 ; 9 S. & R. 409; 
 
 5 R. 266 ; 1 Wh. 10 ; 3 Wh. 415 ; 2 Barr 360 ; 9 
 H. 373 ; 3 Wr. 324. 
 
 32. For taxes, 5 C. 106. 
 
 33. To attachment for disobeying decree of court, 
 
 14 Wr. 285. 
 
 34. To attachment of commissions, 11 Wr. 94. 
 
 35. To citation, 9 Barr 308; 2 J. 67; 4 0. 376; 10 Wr. 
 
 131 ; 1 Gr. 272 ; 367 ; 14 S. 268. 
 
 36. To BE EXAMINED AS TO ACCOUNT, 7 W. 64. 
 
 37. For balance on account, 2 R. 287 ; 2 W. 164 ; 2 H. 
 
 316. 
 
 38. To widow for interest received, 5 Barr 508 ; 6 Wr. 
 
 45. 
 
 89. To dismissal, 2 J. 67 ; 3 Gr. 289. 
 
 40. Effect of discharge of, 8 H. 215; 8 R. 243; 4 R. 
 
 148; 7 W. & S. 401. 
 
 41. To forfeiture of commissions, 4 C. 17. 
 
 42. To BILL OF REVIEW, 7 Wr. 512; 10 Wr. 181. 
 VII. Sales by. See Orphans' Court, I. 26, 
 
 1. Proof of necessity for,. 10 S. & R. 144; 9 Barr 280. 
 
 2. Power of court to compel. See Orphans' Court 32. 
 
 3. Power of court to define terms of, 4 Wr. 414. 
 
 4. Right to sell, 6 C. 265; 12 H. 142; 6 H. 423. 
 
a36 EXECUTOR. 
 
 EXBCBTOR— continued. 
 
 5. Extent of power, 2 D. 223, 291, 293; 1 Y. 380, 423, 
 
 558; IB. 69; 11 S. & R. 311; 13 S. & R. 259; 2 R. 
 392; 10 W. 274; 5 WL 381, 524; 5 Barr 273; 8 
 Barr 318, 343; 2 J. 71; 6 H. 183; 12 H. 142; 5 C. 
 225; 12 C. 89; 1 Wr. 300; 2 Wr. 259, 475; 3 Wr. 
 463; 4 Wr. 422, 427: 6 Wr. 183; 7 Wr. 83, 92; 8 
 Wr. 243; 9 Wr. 84, 394, 435; 10 Wr. 380; 11 Wr. 
 144, 503; 13 Wr. 143; 2 Gr. 249; 13 S. 273, 355. 
 
 6. Duty as to sales, 2 D. 223; 2 R. 392; 5 Wh. 381, 
 
 524; 1 Barr 368; 5 Barr 273; 8 Barr 34-3, 418; 2 
 J. 71; 5 C. 205; 12 C. 89. See ante, IV. 17, 18. 
 
 7. Payment op purchase-money into court, 19 S. 224. 
 
 8. Valid when made abter time named in will, 7 Wr. 
 
 83. 
 
 9. Effect of sale. See ante, V. 30. 
 
 10. Of undivided interest of joint tenant, 10 Wr. 380. 
 
 11. Purchaser when bound to see application of pur- 
 
 chase-moneyJ 11 S. & R. 380; 13 S. & R. 259; 9 
 W. 513 ; 2 Barr 366; 19 S. 223. 
 
 VIII. Action by. 
 
 1. Form of narr., 5 B. 16. 
 
 2. Form of when joint, 3 R. 393. 
 
 IX. Action against. 
 
 1. What promise by will bar Statute of Limitations, 
 
 5 B. 573; 7 W. 420; 6 Barr 267; 2 H. 71. 
 
 2. Effect of omission to name, 4 W. 416. 
 8. What included in, 5 B. 33. 
 
 4. Effect of on lien debts of testator, 9 W. & S. 13. 
 
 5. Evidence in, 13 S. & R. 163. 
 
 6. Admissions by, 4 D. 108; 6 B. 405; 4 S. & R. 203; 8 
 
 S. & R. 17. 
 
 7. Gives no preference to creditor, 2 Y. 483. 
 
 8. Binds only estate of testator, 2 Gr. 353. 
 
 X. Receipt of^money by. 
 
 No proof of special appropriation of, 11 S. & R. 325. 
 XL Power of Orphans' Court over, 3 R. 243; 4 R. 178; 
 7 W. & S. 401; 9 Barr 308; 2 J. 67; 8 H. 215; 4 C. 
 17, 376 ; 14 Wr. 285 ; 13 S. 355. See Orphans' Court, 
 L 6. 
 
 As to distribution of commissions between joint, 9 S. 
 & R. 223; 5 Wh. 240; 14 S. 67, 69. 
 
EXECUTOR— EXECUTORY CONTRACTS. 337 
 
 EXECUTOR— cow^mwed 
 
 XII. Remedy against insolvent, 1 W. 440. 
 
 XIII. Death of, 1 B. 196 ; 11 S. & R. 252. 
 
 XIV. Release by, 2 0. 503. 
 
 XV. Assignment of estate by, 5 Wr. 297. 
 
 XVI. Joint executors. 
 
 Liability of, 1 D. 311; 11 S. & R. 71; 16 S. & R. 129, 
 337; 2 P. & W. 419; 6 W. 250; 5 H. 268, 270; 12 
 H. 413, 419; 4 C. 471, 473; 11 C. 294; 6 Barr 
 270. 
 
 XVII. De son tort. 
 
 1. Rights of, 10 W. 287. 
 
 2. Liability of, 1 R. 149; 3 P. & W. 128; 10 W. 287. 
 
 3. Defence by, 3 P. & W. 129; 4 W. 432. 
 
 4. Effect op judgment against, on land of deceased, 
 
 7 S. &R. 192; 10 S. & R. 144. 
 
 XVIII. Foreign. 
 Right of. 
 
 As against local administrator, 2 R. 431; 5 R. 264; 6 
 H. 179. 
 
 XIX. Of executor, 13 S. 396. 
 
 EXECUTORY CONTRACTS; 
 
 1. What are, 4 W. & S. 472; 7 W. & S. 41; 3 Barr 210, 
 
 357; 5 Barr 287; 6 H. 119; 12 H. 14; 3 C. 300; 
 2 Wr. 102, 169, 507; 8 Wr. 431; 12 Wr. 382; 6 S. 
 101; 12 S. 486; 14 S. 165. 
 
 2. As to consideration for. See Contracts. 
 
 3. For sale of chattels, construed, 4 R. 260 ; 4 Wr. 9 ; 3 
 
 Gr. 249. See Sale of Personal Property. 
 
 4. For manufacture of lumber, construed, 3 S. 322. 
 
 5. For sale of real estate, 4 D. 152 ; 4 Y. 295 ; 1 B. 450 ; 
 
 11 S. & R. 329; 4 W. & S. 472; 8 W. & S. 67; 2 
 Barr 298; 3 Barr 210; 1 C. 521; 3 C. 800; 8 C. 13, 
 280 ; 9 C. 247 ; 1 Wr. 201 ; 5 Wr. 256 ; 12 Wr. 382 ; 
 5 S. 165; 9 S. 267. See Sale of Real Estate. 
 
 6. Effect of on dower. See Dower. 
 
 7. Enforcement of. 
 
 At law by action, 4 Y. 353; 4 R. 266; 2 W. & S. 227; 
 3 W. & S. 300; 4 W. & S. 204,, 527; 6 H. 118; 1 
 C. 354; 3 C. 294; 4 C. 215; 1 Wr. 135; 17 S. 24. 
 See also, Assumpsit ; Covenant ; Ejectment. 
 
 In equity. See Ejectment ; Specific Performance. 
 
338 EXECUTORY CONTRACTS— EXEMPTION. 
 
 EXECUTORY CONTRACTS— cowimwec?. 
 
 8. For partition of lands. See Partition. 
 
 9. For sbrviobs. See Services. 
 
 EXECUTORY DEVISE. 
 
 1. Origin of, 3 Y. 239; 2 Wr. 289, 
 
 2. General rules as to creation of, 6 C. 161 ; 2 Gr. 268. 
 
 3. Limited as to time, 2 Gr. 268. 
 
 4. What mat be subject of, 3 B. 360 ; 2 S. & R. 59 ; 6 S. 
 
 &R. 31; 18 S. 481. 
 
 5. What words will create, 2 Y. 374, 414; 3 Y. 141, 205 ; 
 
 2 B. 632; 5 B. 252, 259; 1 S. & R. 144; 2 S. & R. 59; 
 6 S. & R. 31 ; 14 S. & R. 115; 3 R. 480; 5 R. 231; 1 
 W. 446; 2 W. 495; 4 W. 414; 3 Wh. 208; 7 W. & S. 
 96; 2 Barr 336; 5 Barr 461; 6 Barr 45, 483; 10 Barr 
 498; 4 H. 327, 342; 6 H. 72; 8 H. 509; 11 H. 31; 
 12 H. 248; 2 C. 216; 6 C. 161; 2 S. 267; 4 S. 97; 7 
 S. 384; 13 S. 481. 
 
 6. Distinguished from remainder, 13 S. 481. 
 
 7. Sale on execution of estate held by, 2 Barr 335. 
 
 8. Descent of land subject to, 6 Barr 483. 
 
 9. Duty of executors as to, 1 C. 31. 
 
 10. Effect on of sale under power in will, 7 Wr. 92. 
 
 EXEMPTION. 
 
 I. In favor of widow and children of decedent. 
 
 1. Object of, 5 S. 290. 
 
 2. Right of widow to claim, 9 H. 243 ; 11 H. 310 ; 1 C. 
 
 31, 255; 2 C. 233; 3 C. 62; 7 C. 277; 8 C. 611; 10 
 C. 394; 2 Wr. 66, 475; 3 Wr. 133. 414; 4 Wr. 328; 
 6 Wr. 198; 9 Wr. 361; 12 Wr. 243; 4 S. 176; 5 S. 
 290. 
 
 3. Preference of, over judgment with waiver of, 3 C. 
 
 218. 
 
 4. After divorce, a mensa et thoro, 6 S. 291. 
 
 5. When not entitled to claim, 2 C. 233; 11 C. 367; 
 
 12 C. 418 ; 2 Wr. 65 ; 10 Wr. 297 ; 13 Wr. 177 ; 4 
 S. 175; 5S. 344. 
 
 6. Waiver of right, 6 H. 309 ; 9 H. 247 ; 10 C. 256 ; 13 
 
 Wr. 177. 
 
 7. When to be demanded, 8 C. 276; 10 C. 250 ; 2 Wr. 
 
 65 ; 4 Wr. 328 ; 7 Wr. 462 ; 10 Wr. 297 ; 5 S. 344. 
 
EXEMPTION. 339 
 
 BXEWPTIO^— continued. 
 
 8. What may be taken under, 12 C. 130. 
 
 9. Appraisement of property claimed, 3 0. 119 ; 7 Wr. 
 
 467 ; 8 Wr. 243 ; 10 Wr. 297. 
 
 10. Duty of executors and administrators as to, 1 C. 
 
 81; 2 Wr. 475; 11 Wr. 230. 
 
 11. Liability of executors for refusing to allow, 2 
 
 Wr. 475. 
 
 12. Competency of witnesses in action for refusing, 8 
 
 C. 511. 
 
 13. Title to land taken under, 3 Wr. 494. 
 
 14. Power of widow over exempt property, 3 Wr. 414. 
 II. In favor of debtor. 
 
 1. Under Act of 1836, 2 H. 266. 
 
 2. Under Act of 1846, 2 H. 191. 
 
 3. Under Act of 1849, 7 H. 255; 10 H. 190; 11 H. 310, 
 
 490; 1 C. 434; 3 C. 52; 6 0. 267; 11 S. 292. 
 4-. Under Act op 1850, 9 H. 243; 3 C. 52. 
 
 5. Who entitled to, 1 C. 434 ; 2 C. 851 ; 5 C. 219, 240, 
 
 362; 6 0. 261, 267 ; 8 C. 82 ; 11 C. 209; 12 C. 378 ; 
 
 I Wr. 425; 2 Wr. 190, 191 ; 3 Wr. 213, 509 ; 8 Wr. 
 206,442; 9 Wr. 353; llWr. 202; 12 Wr. 489; 14 
 Wr. 535; 2 Gr. 424; 3 Gr. 319; 9 S. 57; 19 S. 120. 
 
 6. Who not entitled to, 2 C. 351, 354; 6 0. 261, 265, 
 
 267; 10 C. 187; 11 0. 869; 12 0. 466; 3 Wr. 509; 
 8 Wr. 442; 9 Wr. 353: 12 Wr. 489 ; 2 Gr. 424; 8 
 Gr. 30; 1 S. 90; 11 S. 292; 18 S. 217. 
 
 7. Application of. 
 
 To foreign attachment, 18 S. 217. 
 To domestic attachment, 18 S. 217. 
 To action ex delicto, 11 S. 292. 
 
 To judgment under Attachment Act of 1842, 3 Gr. 319 ; 
 2 S. 423; 9 S. 57; 15 S. 337. 
 
 8. Waiver of right to claim, 11 H. 93; 12 H. 426 ; 1 C. 
 
 232, 273 ; 3 C. 218 ; 5 C. 362 ; 7 C. 225 ; 80. 160 ; 
 
 II 0. 88; 12 C. 373; 3 Wr. 160; 8 Wr. 395; 9 Wr. 
 353; 11 Wr. 202; 12 Wr. 815; 13 Wr. 387; 2 Gr. 
 197 ; 3 Gr. 30, 132; 6 8.161,402; 18 S. 127; 19 S. 120. 
 
 9. Withdrawal of waiver, 1 C. 273; 6 S. 369. 
 
 10. When claim to be made, 4 H. 800; 6 H. 807; 7 H. 
 255; 8 H. 141; 9 H. 211, 213; 10 H. 191; 1 0. 
 118, 182, 184; 7 C. 225; 1 Wr. 425; 3 Wr. 213; 4 
 Wr. 828; 7 Wr. 463; 8 Wr. 206; 13 Wr. 177, 535; 
 
340 EXEMPTION— EX PAKTE. 
 
 EXEMPTION— cowimMec?. 
 
 2 Gr. 197, 375; 3 Gr. 30; 2 S. 423; 6 S. 402; 14 S. 
 379; 15 S. 386; 19 S. 68. 
 
 11. Who may claim in absence of debtok, 2 Gr. 377 ; 3 
 
 Gr. 819; 18 S. 217. 
 
 12. How CLAIM TO BE MADE, 7 H. 255 ; 3 Wr. 213 ; 13 Wr. 
 
 177; 2 Gr. 197; 14 S. 379; 19 S. 68. 
 
 13. Not allowed twice to same paety, 9 S. 67. 
 
 14. Duty of officer under. See Constable ; Sheriff. 
 
 15. How PROPERTY to BE SET APART, 4 Barr 471 ; 7 H. 386 ; 
 
 10 H. 191; 11 H. 489; 3 C. 52; 8 C. 82,276; 12 C. 
 373. 
 
 16. Appraisement of property, 1 Wr. 425; 7 Wr. 462, 
 
 463; 9 Wr. 166; 12 Wr. 489; 3 Gr. 30. 
 
 17. Consequence op refusal to allow, 6 H. 307; 7 H. 
 
 255; 1 C. 252; 4 C. 238; 6 C. 264, 267; 8 C. 82; 
 10 C. 36, 187, 201 ; 3 Gr. 240. 
 
 18. Right to, not transferable, 9 H. 211. 
 
 19. Right not to be used to prefer creditors, 9 H. 210; 
 
 5 C. 362: 8 C. 160; 12 C. 373; 11 C. 83; 3 Wr. 
 160; 8 Wr. 895; 9 Wr. 353; 11 Wr. 202; 12 Wr. 
 315; 13 Wr. 387. 
 
 20. Power of debtor over, 18 S. 308. 
 
 21. Effect of on claims on which right to has not been 
 
 WAIVED, 19 S. 120. 
 
 22. Effect of Act of 1850 relative to on lien of judg- 
 
 ment, 9 H. 243. 
 III. Claim of in assignment for creditor, 13 Wr. 465. 
 
 EXEMPLIFICATION. See Evidence, III. 4. 
 
 I. Of deed. 
 
 When evidence, ID. 92; 2D. 388; 2 Y. 316; 3 Y. 184 ; 
 7 S. & R. 313; 9 S. & R. 212; 1 R. 91 ; 10 W. 67, 
 
 157, 185; 3 S. 122. 
 
 II. Of will. 
 
 When evidence, 1 D. 2. 
 
 III. Of mortgage, 17 S. 427. 
 
 IV. Of record, 9 S. & R. 212; 13 S. & R. 135, 384; 16 S. 
 
 6 R. 98; 7 W. & S. 204; 5 S. 110. See Record. 
 
 EX PARTE. 
 
 1. Affidavit. 
 
 Admissibility of, 1 Y. 28, 152; 2 Y. 476. 
 
EX PARTE— EXTINGUISHMENT. 341 
 
 EX V ARTE— continued. 
 
 2. Deposition. 
 
 Admissibility of, 2 Y. 476 ; 6 S. & R. 118. 
 
 3. Probate of will, 2 B. 311. 
 
 EXPATRIATION. 
 
 Right of discussed, 8 D. 133, 169; 3 B. 185. 
 
 EXPECTANCY. 
 
 Conveyance of estate in, 4 Wr. 37. 
 
 EXPENSES. 
 
 Definition of, 1 D. 297, 301. 
 
 EXPERT. 
 
 1. Who are, a qitestion for the court, 19 S.36. 
 
 2. Testimony of, 1 D. 187; 1 Y. 28, 150, 152; 2 Y. 371; 
 , 3 Y. 527; 11 S. & R. 333; 1 P. & W. 161; 8 W. 481; 
 
 1 Barr 342 ; 2 Barr 245 ; 10 Barr 376 ; 9 H. 467 ; 5 C. 
 878; 10 C. 365, 462; 11 C. 324; 7 Wr. 9; 9 S. 74; 13 
 S. 147, 156; 19 S. 36, 225. 
 8. Liability op for work contracted to be done by, 8 H. 
 130. 
 
 4. Proof of handwriting by, 7 Wr. 9. 
 
 5. Opinion of as to meaning of technical phrases, 9 Wr. 
 
 222. 
 
 EXPORTATION OF ARMS, 1 D. 297, 301. 
 
 EX POST FACTO LAWS. 
 
 Discussed, 3 D. 380, 390, 391, 401; 4 C. 495; 7 S. 438. 
 
 EXPRESS COMPANY. 
 
 1. Right of to use railroad, 12 H. 378. 
 
 2. Liability for lost packages, 14 S. 201; 19 S. 894. 
 
 EXPRESS CONTRACT. See Contract. 
 
 EXPRESS TRUST. 
 
 Parol explanation of, 1 Wr. 82. 
 
 EXPRESS WARRANTY. See Warranty. 
 
 EXPULSION. See Association ; Beneficial Society ; Cor- 
 poration. 
 
 EXTINGUISHMENT. 
 I. Of debt. 
 
 1. When a question of intention, 8 W. & S. 276; 12 
 H. 47; 5 Barr 440; 4 S. 881. 
 
3^2 EXTINGUISHMENT. 
 
 EXTINGUISHMENT— conimwec?. 
 
 2. By other security, 1 D. 424; 2 D. 136; 2 Y. 200, 
 
 373; 2 S. & R. 275; 3 S. & R. 238; 10 S. & R. 82, 
 307; 11 S. & R. 149; 14 S. & R. 209; 15 S. & R. 
 132, 162, 183; 2 P. & W. 482; 4 W. 378, 450; 7 W. 
 475; 8 W. 266; 9 W. 273, 280; 5 Wh. 109, 580; 1 
 W. & S. 334; 3 W. & S. 276, 470; 1 Barr 445; 5 
 Barr440; 7 Barr 100, 251; 2 J. 292; 7 H. 320; 5 
 C. 58, 453; 8 C. 493; 1 S. 190, 357; 4 S. 381; 15 
 S. 467, 468. 
 
 3. By implication, 6 B. 118; 16 S. & R. 292; 1 R. 291; 
 
 2 W. 244; 1 W. & S. 335; 8 Barr 287; IS. 418, 
 459. 
 
 4. By gift, 7 Barr 251 ; 8 Barr 286. 
 
 5. By bequest or devise, 4 D. 123; 3 S. & R. 54; 6 W. 
 
 42; 11 C. 333. 
 
 6. By transfer oe goods, 5 R. 166. 
 
 7. By substitution op debtors, 1 Barr 330; 4 W. & S. 
 
 100; 6 W. & S. 165; 1 H. 50, 55; IS. 190. 
 
 8. By payment oe security given for, 11 C. 273; 12 
 
 Wr. 223. 
 
 9. By merger, 4 W. & S: 101, 263; 12 H. 495; 2 C. 
 
 458; 3 Wr. 328; 1 S. 459. See Merger. 
 
 10. By judicial sale, 2 Wr. 385; 7 Wr. 468; 8 Wr. 95; 9 
 
 Wr. 435; 11 Wr. 456; 12 Wr. 9, 353. 
 
 11. By levy on personal property. See Fieri Facias. 
 
 12. By discharge from arrest. See Arrest, I. 6. 
 
 II. Of mutual demands, 8 W. 39, 260; 9 W. 179, 183; 2 
 
 W. & S. 70 ; 8 W. & S. 318, 406 ; 8 Barr 403. 
 
 III. Of easement. See Easement. 
 
 IV. Of estate, 8 W. 148; 2 Wh. 419; 5 Wh. 452; 6 Wh. 
 284; 2 J. 186. See Merger. 
 
 V. Op equity of redemption, 1 J. 282. 
 
 VI. Of contract, 2 S. ^ R. 275; 8 S. & R. 569. 
 
 VII. Of legacy, 4 C. 363. 
 
 VIII. Op lien. 
 
 Of judgment, 4 D. 214, 275, 450 ; 2 B. 218 ; 1 R. 452 ; 
 
 3 R. 401 ; 5 R. 131 ; 1 P. & W. 474 ; 1 W. 41, 374; 
 
 7 W. 20; 9 W. 396; 10 W. 9; 1 W. & S. 420; 3 
 
 W. & S. 476; 12 Wr. 23; 18 S. 294. 
 Of mechanics and material men, 14 S. & R. 32 ; 2 R. 
 
 316. 
 Of mortgage, 3 Y. 561; 8 W. 138; 9 Barr 332; 4 Wr. 
 
EXTINGUISHMENT— FACTOE. 343 
 
 EXTINGUISHMENT— eow<mM<?cZ. 
 
 37, 209; 11 Wr. 352; 12 Wr. 130; Y S. 331; 17 
 S. 396, 397. 
 
 IX. Of parol trust, 6 H. 283. 
 
 X. Op partnership debts. 
 
 By note of partner, 4 W. & S. 100 ; 6 W. & S. 165. 
 
 XI. Of seound rent. See Ground Eent. 
 
 XII. Op rent. See Rent. 
 
 EXTORTION. 
 
 Indictment for, 13 S. 426. 
 
 EXTRADITION. 
 
 Of criminals, 1 D. 116; 10 S. & R. 125; 6 H. 37. 
 
 EXTRA WORK. 
 
 1. Contract for, construed, 9 Barr 245. 
 
 2. Action for, 9 Barr 245; 11 Wr. 500. 
 
 3. Right of county commissioners to allow foe, 12 Wr, 
 
 527. 
 
 EACT. 
 
 Trial of. See Auditor ; Feigned Issue ; Jury ; Orphans' 
 Court. 
 
 FACTOR. 
 
 I. Appointment of, 1 Y. 25; 2 Y. 38, 95. 
 
 II. Rights of. 
 
 1. To sue for price of goods sold, 5 S. & R. 27 ; 2 
 
 Barr 177. 
 
 2. To LIEN, 5 B. 538; 5 W. 512 ; 6 W. & S. 243; 4 S. 84. 
 
 3. To REMIT FOR SEVERAL ACCOUNTS IN ONE BILL, 2 D. 
 
 136 ; 4 D. 136. 
 
 4. To TESTIFY, 1 Y. 135; 3 Y. 101. 
 
 5. To ALLOWANCE FOR DISBURSEMENTS, 2 B. 430 ; 4 R. 
 
 211; 6 W. & S. 243. 
 
 6. To RETAIN PRICE OF GOODS SOLD WHERE TITLE OP CON- 
 
 SIGNOR IS DEFECTIVE, 6 W. & S. 75. 
 
 7. To COMPENSATION FOR SERVICES, 2 Y. 185 ; 2 W. & S. 
 
 327. 
 
 III. Duties of. 
 
 1. To OBEY ORDER OF PRINCIPAL, 1 Y. 486 ; 4 B. 361 ; 11 
 
 S. & R. 280. 
 
 2. To EXERCISE PROPER DISCRETION, 1 Y. 195 ; 6 W. & S. 
 
 406. 
 
344 FACTOK— FALSE PRETENCE. 
 
 FAGTOU— continued. 
 
 3. To KEEP SEPARATE INTERESTS SEPARATE, 4 E. 195; 6 W. 
 
 & S. 402. 
 
 4. As TO REMITTANCES, 6 W. & S. 402. 
 
 IV. Power and authority of. 
 
 1. To SELL ON credit, 1 Y. 487 ; 6 S. & R. 392. 
 
 2. To PLEDGE GOODS OF PRINCIPAL, 6 S. & E. 386 ; 4 E. 
 
 195. 
 
 3. To EMPLOY COUNSEL, 2 B. 177. 
 
 4. To BRING suit, 5 S. & E. 27 ; 2 Ban- 177. 
 
 V. Liability of. 
 
 1. To PRINCIPAL, 1 D. 47, 66, 68; 2D. 60, 67, 265; 4 D. 
 
 389; 1 Y. 533, 540; 2 Y. 225; 2 B. 326; 3 B. 204; 
 
 5 W. 59; 5 Wh. 288; 6 W. & S. 44, 264, 402; 8 W. 
 
 6 S. 87 ; 3 Barr 321 ; 4 H. 264, 402 ; 15 S. 335. 
 
 2. To strangers, 2 D. 223 ; 1 Y. 409 ; 9 S. & E. 212 ; 2 
 
 W. & S. 9; 10 Barr 28. See Agent. 
 
 VI. Eevocation of authority of. 
 By death, 8 W. & S. 402. 
 
 VII. Eights and powers of administrator of, 8 W. & S. 
 
 42. 
 
 FAILURE. 
 
 I. Of consideration. 
 
 When a valid defence. See Assumption, I. 1. 
 
 II. Of issue. See Issue. 
 
 III. Of title. See Purchase-money. 
 
 FALSE CEEDIT. 
 
 Obtaining property on, when indictable, 5 Barr 65. 
 
 FALSEHOOD. 
 
 Distinguished from fraud, 10 H. 435. 
 
 FALSE IMPEISONMENT. 
 
 1. Action for, 3 S. & E. 139; 1 W. 67; 12 H. 212; 2 C. 
 
 159. 
 
 2. Evidence for plaintiff in, 12 H. 212; 2 C. 159. 
 
 3. Damages for, 12 Wr. 9. See Malicious Prosecution. 
 
 FALSE PEETENCE. 
 
 1. What constitutes, 2 Barr 163; 10 H. 258. 
 
 2. Indictment for, 14 Wr. 245. 
 
FALSE KEPRESENTATIONS— FARM. 345 
 
 FALSE REPRESENTATIONS. 
 
 1. What aeb, 6 Barr 310; 11 H. 178; 10 C. 365; 10 Wr. 
 
 55. 
 
 2. Not to be presumed, 3 Y. 80, 33. 
 
 3. Not a warranty, 8 H. 448. 
 
 4. Effect of on contract. Se.e Contract. 
 
 5. Action for, 3 Y. 262; 2 B. 240; 6 Barr 310; 7 Barr 
 
 298; 5 H. 459; 2 C. 277; 9 C. 358; 13 S. 46. 
 Evidence in, 11 H. 178; 12 H. 348; 10 0. 365. 
 Competency of witnesses in, 6 Barr 310 ; 3 H. 16. 
 Damages in, 13 S. 46. 
 
 FALSE RETURN. See Sheriff. 
 
 FALSE TOKENS. 
 
 Indictment for, 5 Barr 60 ; 8 Barr 260. 
 
 FAMILY AGREEMENTS. 
 
 1. Construed, 2 Y. 551; 9 S. 267. 
 
 2. Sustained, 9 S. & R. 268; 6 W. 48; 5 Wh. 225; 5 W. 
 
 k S. Ill; 1 C. 154; 3 C. 148; 1 Wr. 121; 2 S. 370; 
 
 14 S. 25; 17 S. 186. 
 8. Admissibility of in evidence, 9 S. & R. 268; 1 J. 374. 
 4. Application of Statute of Limitations to, 1 C. 154. 
 
 FAMILY BOOK. 
 
 Entry of advancements in. See Advancement. 
 
 FAMILY RECORDS. 
 
 1. Proof of, 1 D. 2; 1 Y. 11, 15; 10 S. & R. 389. 
 
 2. Admissibility of, in evidence, 1 D. 166; 2 D. 116, 230; 
 
 1 Y. 16; 6 S. &R. 135; 15 S. 338. 
 
 FAMILY RELATIONSHIP. 
 
 Effect of in construing contracts, 2 C. 363, 375. 
 Effect of on implied contracts, 3 C. 259. See Assumpsit, I. 
 20; Father, IL 2; Child 3. 
 
 FAMILY SETTLEMENTS. 
 
 Validity of, 1 Wr. 121 ; 14 S. 25. 
 
 FARM. 
 
 1. Definition of in Turnpike Law, 2 B. 235. 
 
 2. Ownership of, carries with it ownership of products, 
 
 5 S. 438. 
 
 8. Right, liability and duties of tenant on. See Tenant 
 for Years. 
 
 4. Taxable at domicil of owner, 14 Wr. 208. 
 
346 EAEMER-LIKE MANNER— FEE BILL. 
 
 FARMER-LIKE MANNER. 
 
 Definition of, 5 S. 349, 360. 
 
 FATHER. 
 
 I. Rights of. 
 
 1. To BE TRUSTEE OF CHILDREN, 7 W. & S. 47. 
 
 2. To SUE FOR MARRYING MINOR, 1 Y. 405 ; 2 Y. 821 ; 4 
 
 B. 20; 14 S. & R. 287; 3 R. 305; 5 R. 124, 209; 
 
 7 W. & S. 361; 10 C. 324. 
 
 3. To INHERIT ESTATE OF CHILD, 2 Y. 525; 3 S. & R. 504. 
 
 4. To CHARGE GUARDIAN FOR MAINTENANCE OF CHILD, 5 R. 
 
 323. 
 
 5. To CUSTODY OP CHILD, 2 S. & R. 174 ; 6 S. & R. 256 ; 
 
 5 Barr 271. 
 
 6. To SERVICES OF CHILD, 4 S. & R. 207 ; 2 W. 406 ; 9 H. 
 
 222. 
 
 7. To SUB FOR INJURY TO CHILD, 7 W. 62 ; 8 W. 227: 7 
 
 W. & S. 362 ; 12 Wr. 223 ; 5 S. 501 ; 7 S. 172. 
 
 8. To REVOKE AUTHORITY GIVEN TO CHILD, 6 Wr. 513. 
 
 9. To CONTRACT WITH CHILD FOR RELEASE OF CLAIM ON HIS 
 
 ESTATE, 13 S. 443, 445. 
 
 II. Liability. 
 
 1. As TRUSTEE OF CHILDREN, 7 W. 547. 
 
 2. To CHILD FOR SERVICES, 3 R. 243, 249 ; 3 p. & W. 365 ; 
 
 8 W. 360 ; 5 W. & S. 357, 513 ; 8 Barr 213 ; 9 Barr 
 260 ; 2 J. 64, 175 ; 2 H. 201 ; 4 H. 488. 496; 7 H. 
 251, 366; 9 H. 222; 1 C. 308; 2 C. 372, 380; 3 C. 
 259 ; 5 C. 369, 465 ; 6 C. 473 ; 11 Wr. 534. See 
 also, Assumpsit, I. 20 ; Child 3. 
 
 3. To SUPPORT CHILDREN, 5 R. 323 ; 9 C. 50. 
 
 4. To MEDICAL ATTENDANCE FOR ADULT CHILD, 4 W. 247 ; 
 
 19 S. 311. 
 
 5. For negligence of child, 2 C. 488. See Negligence. 
 
 FATHER AND CHILD. 
 
 Parol contracts between, 3 P. & W. 365; 2 C. 372, 380; 3 C. 
 144, 259 ; 2 Wr. 60. 
 
 FATHER-IN-LAW. 
 
 Liability of to step-children for wages, 7 H. 366. 
 
 FEE BILL. 
 
 To be strictly construed, 7 S. & R. 447; 3 P. & W. 183, 523; 
 
 8 W. & S. 162. 
 Action for violation of, 4 B. 107. 
 
FEES— FEIGNED ISSUE. 347 
 
 FEES. 
 
 I. Distinguished from costs, 11 S. & R. 247 ; 3 Barr 423. 
 
 1. Of counsel. 
 
 When to be included as damages, 3 D. 306, 337. 
 
 2. Of prothonotary. 
 
 Prior to March 28, 1814, 4 S. & R. 291. 
 
 Who liable for, 4 B. 167; 13 S. & R. 101; 16 S. & R. 
 
 155; 17 S. & R. 75; 3 P. & W. 223 ; 5 W. 477 ; 
 
 11 Wr. 363. 
 Practice as to paying, 4 B. 167; 13 S. & R. 101 ; 16 S. 
 
 & R. 155; 7 W. & S. 427; 4 C. 172. 
 Mispayment of, 4 0. 172. 
 On rule to take depositions, 7 W. & S. 426. 
 In suit on forfeited recognisances, 4 S. & R. 443 ; 8 S. 
 
 & R. 151. 
 In replevin, 1 W. & S. 425. 
 For venire, 8 W. & S. 374. 
 Interest on, 11 Wr. 363. 
 
 3. Of clerk of Orphans' Court, 5 S. & R. 338. 
 
 4. Of justice of the peace, 2 Wr. 273. See Justice of 
 
 Peace. 
 
 5. Of clerk of Quarter Sessions, 8 S. & R. 64. 
 
 6. Of master in chancery, 4 Wr. 385; 12 Wr. 270. 
 
 7. Action for, 4 B. 167; 13 S. & R. 101; 16 S. k R. 
 
 155. 
 Bill for must precede suit, 7 S. & R. 386. 
 Form of narr. in, 3 P. & W. 223; 8 W. & S. 162 ; 10 
 
 Barr 139 ; 5 H. 248. 
 Collection of by execution, 4 C. 172. 
 
 II. Illegal. 
 Action for taking. 
 
 Before justice, 7 W. 491. 
 
 Who may sue for, 5 H. 248, 460; 7 S. & R. 183. 
 May be arbitrated, 1 R. 457. 
 Tender of amends for taking, 7 W. 491. 
 Form of narr. in, 8 W. & S. 162; 4 Barr 517. 
 Information for taking, 1 Y. 71, 206, 370. 
 Indictment for, 1 Y. 71; 13 S. & R. 426; 4 R. 162; 4 
 Barr 517. 
 
 FEIGNED ISSUE. 
 
 1. Object of generally, 2 Barr 119; 5 Barr 237; 7 Barr 
 
 157; IC. 517; 2 0.490; 3 0.166; 110.88; 12 0.418. 
 
 2. To try facts in dispute in Orphans' Oourt, 8 S. & R. 
 
 345; 14 S. & R. 166; 3 P. & W. 185, 204, 208; 1 W. 
 
348 FEIGNED ISSUE. 
 
 FEIGNED ISSUE— continued. 
 
 135; 9 W. 169, 530; 7 H. 34, 493; 1 Gr. 406; 3 Gr. 
 260; 11 S. 278. See Orphans' Court. 
 
 3. Practice as to in chancery, 6 0. 133; 8 0. 252; 3 Wr. 
 
 495 ; 13 Wr. 162 ; 3 S. Ill ; 19 S. 475. See Equity, II. 2. 
 
 4. To TRY AMOUNT DUB ON LIENS, 3 BaiT 52; 4 R. 394; 2 
 
 P. & W. 75; 2 W. 239; 5 Barr 232; 1 C. 617. 
 
 5. To TRY VALIDITY OP LIEN, 8 W. 424; 7 W. & S. 267; 9 
 
 W. & S. 93; 3 Barr 52; 9 H. 491; 9 Wr. 522; 11 Wr. 
 485; 13 Wr. 475 ; 14 Wr. 138 ; 2 S. 353 ; 7 S. 175 ; 9 
 S. 196; 12 S. 408. 
 
 6. To TRY OWNERSHIP OF GOODS. See Interpleader. 
 
 7. To TRY FACTS IN DISPUTE IN COMMON PlBAS, 14 S. & R. 
 
 166; 5 W. 140; 7 H. 34; 2 C. 176. 
 
 8. To TRY RIGHT TO MONEY IN COURT, 4 R. 394 ; 6 W. 133 
 
 1 Barr 254, 286 ; 7 Barr 255 ; 10 Barr 428 ; 4 H. 59 
 
 5 H. 271 ; 7 H. 34; 1 C. 577 ; 2 C. 176, 292 ; 3 C. 166 
 4 C. 165, 167 ; 11 C. 97 ; 12 C. 81,'337 ; 2 Wr. 531 ; 7 
 Wr. 129 ; 8 Wr. 503 ; 10 Wr. 294, 350, 380, 407 ; 12 
 Wr. 159; 13 Wr. 141. 
 
 9. To TRY ISSUE IN MANDAMUS, 5 Wr. 335. See Mandamus. 
 
 10. To TRY AMOUNT DUE ON BOND, 1 Y. 552. 
 
 11. To TRY AMOUNT DUE ON RENT, 4 W. 39. 
 
 12. To TRY RIGHT TO PUBLIC OFFICE, 12 H. 501. 
 
 13. Right of party to demand, I Y. 170, 171 ; 5 W. 140 ; 
 
 6 W. 133; 9 W. 196; 2 Wh. 495; 7 W. & S. 267; 9 
 W. & S. 192; 2 Barr 119; 5 Barr 237, 242; 7 Barr 
 250, 255; 9 Barr 17; 2 J. 225; 2 C. 176; 5 C. 513; 
 12 C. 81; 12 Wr. 159; 9 S. 190. 
 
 14. When to be applied for, 2 Barr 463 ; 7 H. 36, 497 ; 2 
 
 C. 176; 3 C. 166; 4 C. 165. 
 
 15. How to be applied for. 
 
 Affidavit for, 7 H. 494 ; 1 C. 177 ; 2 C. 176. 
 
 16. Power of court. 
 
 To award, 1 Y. 170, 175; 9 W- 169; 2 Wh. 495; 10 
 
 Wr. 40 1'; 9 S. 190. 
 To frame, 3 P. & W. 204; 1 C. 17; 12 C. 336, 418; 13 
 
 Wr. 365. 
 To enter nonsuit in, 10 C. 396. 
 To take off nonsuit in, 10 C. 396. 
 To change names of parties in, 9 Barr 88 
 To compel trial of, 10 C. 396. 
 To control testimony on trial, 15 S. 338. 
 To grant new trial in, 10 C. 396. 
 
FEIGNED ISSUE. 349 
 
 FEIGNED ISSJJE— continued. 
 
 17. When allowed on demand. See ante, 14. 
 
 18. Proceedings on, 2 H. 36; 4 C. 165; 10 C. 396. 
 
 19. Duty op court as to. 
 
 On trial of, 3 P. & W. 204; 1 C. 517 ; 12 C. 336. 
 
 Exception to form of, 9 W. 530. 
 
 Evidence in, 3 P. & W. 204; 6 Barr 266; 6 S. 336; 9 
 
 S. 169, 223. 
 Competency of witnesses on, 1 W. 135 ; 3 Barr 52 ; 10 
 
 Barr 428; 6 IS. 336. 
 Argument of counsel, 13 Wr. 475. 
 Practice as to in chancery, 3 Wr. 495. 
 
 20. Verdict in. 
 
 Effect of, 2 B. 119 ; 1 Barr 116, 251; 5 Barr 232, 237; 
 6 Barr 179 ; 7 Barr 157 ; 9 Barr 61 ; 10 H. 325 ; 
 11 H. 491; 12 C. 392; 13 Wr. 380, 384. 
 
 21. Record when evidence, 7 H. 124 ; 13 Wr. 380, 384. 
 
 22. Costs in, 10 Wr. 246. 
 
 28. Error on, 1 B. 444 ; 14 S. & R. 137 ; 17 S. & R. 278 ; 
 2 Barr 116; 4 Barr 301; 5 Barr 177, 232; 8 H. 215; 
 10 H. 325, 334; 2 C. 490; 4 C. 165; 12 C. 336; 2 S. 
 353; 6 S. 336; 12 S. 408. 
 
 24. Removal oe to Circuit Court, 17 S. & R. 12. 
 
 25. To TRY validity of nuncupative will. 
 
 Form of narr., 9 H. 296. 
 Limitation to proceedings on, 3 S. 382. 
 Right and duty of administration pendente lite on, 2 W. 
 332. 
 
 26. To TRY VALIDITY OF LAST WILL AND TESTAMENT. 
 
 Form of issue, 4 Y. 175 ; 7 Barr 458 ; 15 S. 347; 19 S. 
 
 177. 
 Parties to issue, 5 Barr 21 ; 6 Barr 325 ; 7 Barr 315 ; 5 
 
 C. 298. 
 Presumption as to parties contesting, 7 S. 243. 
 Power of register to award, 3 H. 288; 11 S. 43. 
 Power of Orphans' Court to award, 2 Y. 167; 11 S. 193. 
 Power of Supreme Court to award, 2 Y. 167. 
 When to be awarded, 3 S. 382; 11 S. 43, 193. 
 Whac involved in issue, 6 S. & R. 55. 
 Notice given by award of, 2 Barr 32. 
 Declaration in, 3 Y. 311, 506 ; 4 S. & R. 498; 7 S. & 
 
 R. 90; 13 S. & R. 323; 1 P. & W. 306; 8 W. 66; 
 
 3 Wh. 129 ; 8 H. 475. 
 
350 PEIGNED ISSUE. 
 
 FEIGNED ISSUE— continued. 
 Evidence in. 
 
 Admissibility of will, 12 S. & R. 281. 
 
 Probate of will, 2 R. 177. 
 
 Decree of register on, 4 S. & R. 193 ; 5 S. & R. 213 ; 
 
 5R. 80;2 Wh. 81; 6 Barr 435. 
 Former will, 8 Wh. 129 ; 4 S. 216. 
 Deposition taken before Register's Court, 1 P. & W. 
 
 306. 
 Number of witnesses, 3 Y. 511 ; 4 Y. 413. 
 Competency of witnesses, 1 D. 94 ; 1 B. 444 ; 1 W. 
 
 442, 458; 5 W. 399; 8 W. 66; 6 W. & S. 481; 
 
 10 Barr 100; 2 H. 140; 5 H. 54, 60; 1 Gr. 248; 
 
 4 S. 216; 6 S. 370; 7 S. 243; 9 S. 493; 11 S. 
 
 401. 
 Contradiction of witnesses on, 12 S. 281. 
 As to execution by testator, 1 D. 94 ; 6 B. 218 ; 5 W. 
 
 480; 1 W. & S. 396; 1 H. 396; 6 H. 840; 2 C. 
 
 211, 404; 5 C. 221; 2 Wr. 148; 7 Wr. 73; 10 
 
 Wr. 502 ; 14 Wr. 354, 360; 4 S. 290; 6 S. 370; 
 
 9S. 493; 11 S. 401 ; 18 S. 342. 
 As to sanity of testator, 1 Y. 105; 8 S. & R. 573; 11 
 
 S. & R. 141; 13 S. & R. 323; 4 W. 163; 8 Wh. 
 
 129;4 Wh. 820; 9 Barr 151; 2 J. 27; 2H. 149; 
 
 10 Wr. 502; 4 S. 416. See Will, III. 1. 
 Ab to duress, 3 S. & R. 54, 266; 4 S. & R. 499; 5 S. 
 
 6 R. 207 ; 7 S. & R. 90 ; 2 W. 165 ; 4 W. 167 ; 
 8 Wh. 129 ; 8 H. 829; 9 H. 67; 12 H. 347; 2 
 C. 404; 10 C. 365; 4 Wr. 474, 483; 5 Wr. 312; 
 
 7 Wr. 46;15 S. 869; 16 S. 283. 
 
 As to undue influence, 19 S. 177; 4 Wr. 488; 5 Wr. 
 
 502. 
 As to physical disability, 8 S. & R. 573; 6 W. & S. 
 
 184; 5C. 232; 2 Gr. 289. 
 As to fraud on testator, 6 S. & R. 55, 489 ; 13 S. & 
 
 R. 323. 
 As to importunity of parties, 7 S. & R. 90 ; 13 S. & 
 
 R. 328 ; 16 S. & R. 408 ; 3 Wh. 129. 
 As to unfriendly feelings of testator. 4 W. 165; 4 
 
 Wh. 316; 4 S. 216. 
 As to intention of testator, 8 S. & R. 573 ; 4 Wr. 
 
 483 ; 4 S. 216. 
 As to acts and declarations of testator, 6 W. & S. 
 
 431; 7 C. 92; 3 Gr. 140; 4 S. 216. 
 As to acts and declarations of devisee and legatee, 6 
 
 W. & S. 431. 
 As to acts and declarations of executor, 4 S. 216. 
 
FEIGNED ISSUE— FENCES. 351 
 
 FEIGNED ISSVE— continued. 
 
 As to unexecuted compromise between parties, 4 W. 
 
 165. 
 Verdict on, 1 Y. 89, 225 ; 5 Barr 21. 
 Effect of on title to property, 4 S. & R. 192, 193 ; 5 
 
 R. 80; 5 Barr 21; 6 Barr 435. 
 Judgment in, 7 C. 467. 
 New trial on. See New Trial. 
 Writ of error on, 1 B. 444. 
 Costs on, 7 W. 170 ; 9 W. 98, 289; 3 W. & S. 441 ; 
 
 1 H. 569 ; 7 C. 467. 
 
 EELONIOUSLY. 
 
 Use of in indictment, 2 D. 229. 
 
 FELONY. 
 
 Arrest for, without warrant, 6 B. 316 ; 6 S. & R. 418. 
 What constitutes a, 1 Wh. 278. 
 Power of jury over costs, 2 C. 154. 
 
 FEMALES. 
 
 When of age, 1 Gr. 57. 
 
 FEME COVERT. See Married Women. 
 
 FEME SOLE TRADER. See Married Women. 
 
 1. Who are, 6 W. & S. 347 ; 6 Barr 61 ; 9 S. 13. 
 
 2. Acts of 1718 and 1855 relative to, construed, 9 S. 13; 
 
 20 S. 498. 
 
 3. Rights of, under Act op 1855, 9 S. 13. 
 
 4. Validity op trust intended as protection against 
 
 COVERTURE, 14 S. 212, 213. 
 
 5. Liability of to action, 2 S. & R. 189 ; 2 P. & W. 475. 
 
 FENCES. 
 
 I. Along public road. 
 
 1. Who to make, 3 Y. 374 ; 5 S. 227. 
 
 2. Consequence op neglect to make, 5 S. 227. 
 
 3. Power of supervisors over, 2 C. 187. 
 
 II. Along private way. 
 Who liable for, 10 Wr. 252. 
 
 III. Line fences. 
 
 1. Law relative to construed, 2 Barr 128; 12 H. 308; 
 
 8 C. 65. 
 
 2. Right of owners, 2 Barr 128; 2 C. 493; 3 C. 95; 8 
 
 C. 65; 11 Wr. 514; 18 S. 235. 
 
352 FENCES— FICTITIOUS PAYEES. 
 
 FE'NG'ES— continued. 
 
 3. Duty op owners, 2 Barr 126 ; 6 H. 367 ; 11 H. 316 ; 
 
 1 0. 78; 8 G. 65; 11 Wr. 514; 18 S. 235. 
 
 4. Liability of owners, 2 Barr 126 ; 6 H. 367 ; 11 H. 316 ; 
 
 8 C. 65; 11 Wr. 514; 18 S. 235. 
 
 5. When the true boundary line, 9 W. 565 ; 4 C. 149. 
 
 6. Notice as to under Act of Assembly, 8 H. 138. 
 
 7. Erection and joinder of, 4 W. 261; 9 W. 567; 2 
 
 Barr 126, 488; 6 H. 367; 3 C. 95. 
 
 8. Need not stand on line, 2 C. 493. 
 
 9. Where division line is abandoned, 2 Barr 126, 488 ; 
 
 6 H. 367. 
 
 10. Ownership of materials, 11 Wr. 514. 
 
 11. Contracts relative to, construed, 10 Wr. 252. 
 
 FENCE VIEWERS. 
 
 1. Oath of, 7 S. & R. 292 ; 5 W. 538 ; 8 H. 138. 
 
 2. Notice of meetins, 8 H. 138. 
 
 3. Power and authority of. 
 
 To decide without appeal, 1 B. 352 ; 11 H. 34. 
 
 4. Duty of. 
 
 As to oath, 7 S. & R. 292 ; 5 W. 538; 8 H. 138. 
 
 5. As TO notice, 8 H. 138. 
 
 6. Report of, 8 H. 138. 
 
 FERRIES. 
 
 1. Rights of owner of, 1 Y. 167; 9 S. & R. 26; 3 W. 219; 
 
 8 W. 434. 
 
 2. As TO navigable rivers, 8 W. 434. 
 
 3. Damages for breach of contract not to erect, 3 Gr. 
 
 198. 
 
 FERRYMAN. 
 
 A common carrier, 3 Barr 342. 
 
 FEUDAL ACTIONS. 
 Discouraged, 2 D. 342. 
 
 FEVER. 
 
 Adjournment of courts on account of prevalence of, 2 Y. 528. 
 
 FICTIONS OF LAW. 
 
 Rules in restraint of, 4 Y. 6 ; 15 S. & R. 112. 
 
 FICTITIOUS. PAYEES. 
 
 Suit on bill drawer for, 2 Y. 481. 
 
FICTITIOUS SUBSCRIPTION— FIERI FACIAS. 353 
 
 FICTITIOUS SUBSCRIPTION TO STOCK, 16 S. & R. 
 142. 
 
 FIELD NOTES. 
 Of surveyor. 
 
 Admissibility of in evidence. 2 Y. 89, 133, 245 ; 3 B. 119; 
 6 B. 125; 8 S. & R. 881 ; 14 S. & R. 372; 1 R. 381; 
 3 W. 465 ; 4 W. 192 ; 8 W. 81. 
 
 FIERI FACIAS. 
 
 I. When illegal, 10 S. & R. 188. 
 
 II. Precipe eor, 4 Y. 205. 
 
 III. Form of. 
 
 By surviving plaintiff, 5 B. 56. 
 
 IV. Teste of, 4 Y. 185, 205 ; 15 S. & R. 112. 
 
 V. Amendment of irregular, 4 D. 268; 4 Y. 185, 188, 
 
 205 ; 17 S. & R. 327, 436 ; 3 W. 87 ; 8 H. 245. 
 
 VI. Suspension of, 8 Wr. 195. See Stay of Execution. 
 
 VII. Delivery of to sheriff, 2 Y. 177 ; 8 Wr. 438. 
 
 VIII. Duty of officer. 
 
 1. As to service on defendant, 4 W. & S. 342 ; 9 Wr. 
 
 449; 10 Wr. 294. 
 Governed by amount endorsed on, 8 W. 153. 
 
 2. Endorsement of receipt of, 8 Wr. 488. 
 
 IX. Levy under. 
 
 1. On personal property, 2 S. & R. 142; 4 S. & R. 455; 
 
 9 S. & R. 73 ; 11 S. & R. 299 ; 13 S. & R. 177, 341 ; 
 17 S. & R. 436 ; 1 R. 325, 401 ; 8 W. 258 ; 5 W. 
 120, 289 ; 6 W. 468 ; 7 W. 188, 545 ; 8 W. 267 ; 9 W. 
 485; 1 Wh. 877 ; 6 Wh. 117, 497 ; 8 W. & S. 278; 7 
 W. & S. 184; 2 Barr 809 ; 4 Barr 296 ; 9 Barr 349 ; 1 
 H. 160, 428, 483; 11 H. 410 ; 8 C. 12; 1 Wr. 100, 
 500; 3 Wr. 284 ; 4 Wr. 859 ; 8 Wr. 123, 195; 9 Wr. 
 449 ; 10 Wr. 294; 13 Wr. 73, 195, 394 ; 8 S. 81; 9 
 S. 376. 
 
 2. Presumption as to time of making, 8 W. & S. 455. 
 
 3. Lien of, 2 D. 131, 228; 4 D. 167, 208, 213, 358; 1 Y. 
 
 427; 2 Y. 25, 434, 524; 4 Y. 194, 177; 2 B. 174, 
 218 ; 8 B. 842 ; 2 S. & R. 35, 142 ; 1 W. 300 ; 10 W. 
 212; 3 W. & S. 438; 1 H. 428; 11 C. 432; 9 S. 376. 
 
 Not enforced in action of trespass, 9 S. 376. 
 
 Destroyed by appeal, 1 D. 817 ; 6 Barr 430 ; 3 Wr. 284. 
 
 Proof of extent of, 3 W. 50; 1 Barr 454; 8 C. 13. 
 23 
 
354 FIERI FACIAS. 
 
 FIERI ^KGIK^— continued. 
 
 Effect of, 17 S. & R. 99 ; 1 H. 428, 483 ; 1 0. 85 ; 8 C. 
 
 12, 13; 6 Wr. 285; 8 Wr. 241; 2 Gr. 330. 
 How lost, 2 D. 208, 213 ; 4 Y. 194, 456, 476 ; 3 B. 342; 
 2 S. & R. 142; 8 S. & R. 317; 1 R. 366; 2 R. 
 282 ; 3 R. 391 ; 4 R. 376, 380 ; 5 R. 286, 290 ; 3 
 P. & W. 405 ; 2 W. 356 ; 4 W. 341, 346 ; 7 W. 74; 
 9 W. 334 ; 1 Wh. 115 ; 5 Wh. 150; 3 W. & S. 285, 
 438; 7 W. & S. 260 ; 1 Barr 13, 168 ; 4 Barr 153; 
 9 Barr 349 ; 10 Barr 395 ; 1 H. 160, 408, 409, 
 412, 483; 1 0. 145: 2 0. 490; 4 Wr. 244; 5 Wr. 
 278 ; 8 Wr. 123 ; 14 S. 449. 
 
 4. As TO REMOVAL OF GOODS AFTER LEVY, 4 D. 165, 213 ; 
 
 12 S. & R. 41 ; 6 W. 468; 10 W. 9 ; 5 Barr 519. 
 
 5. As TO RELEASE OF LEVY ON PERSONAL PROPERTY, 12 S. 
 
 & R. 37, 41; 1 Barr 13. 
 
 6. Of bond FOR delivery of goods, 4 W. 9 ; 7 W. & S. 
 
 260 ; 1 S. 366. 
 
 7. Effect of attachment after levy, 4 Wr. 490. 
 
 8. Subject of levy. 
 
 Interest of defendant only in personal property, 8 0. 13. 
 Partnership property for debt of partner, 4 Y. 447 ; 17 
 
 S. & R. 456; 11 C. 432; 5 Wr. 297; 7 Wr. 457. 
 Bonds and notes of defendant, 2 Barr 39. 
 Goods of third party, 8 C. 13. 
 
 Bank stock, 17 S. k R. 281 ; 6 Wh. 107 ; 14 Wr. 314. ' 
 Partnership property for firm debt, 1 P. & W. 198 ; 7 
 Wr. 456. See Partners. 
 
 9. When a satisfaction of claim, 5 B. 272 ; 11 S. & R 
 
 299; 12 S. & R. 41; 13 S. & R. 345; 17 S. & R 
 436 ; 4 W. 341 ; 8 W. 207 ; 1 W. & S. 251 ; 9 W. & 
 S. 73 ; 1 Barr 23, 390, 393 ; 9 Barr 501 ; 1 H. 416 
 8 H. 46, 49 ; 1 C. 85; 8 C. 88; 8 S. 116. 
 
 10. Amendment of, 4 D. 268 ; 4 Y. 185, 205 ; 3 W. 87 
 
 8 H. 245. 
 
 11. Abandonment of, 13 S. & R. 341 ; 9 Barr 349. See 
 
 Abandonment 13. 
 
 12. Postponement of, 3 W. & S. 285 ; 2 Barr 331; 4 Barr 
 
 153. 
 X. Liability of officer. 
 
 1. For neglect or omission to levy, 8 S. & R. 444 ; 5 
 W. 300; 10 W. 148; 7 W. & S. 398; 9 W. & S. 
 573 ; 1 Barr 13. 
 
FIERI FACIAS. 355 
 
 FIERI 'FAGl AS— continued. 
 
 2. For levying ou property op stranger, 8 C. 13. 
 
 3. For personal property levied on, 4 D. 165, 213 ; 
 
 12 S. & R. 41 ; 6 W. 468 ; 10 W. 9 ; 5 Barr 519. 
 
 4. Where there are previous levies, 3 P. & W. 230; 3 
 
 W. & S. 438 ; 7 Barr 206; 1 H. 426. 
 
 5. On return of "levied," 1 R. 399; 1 W. & S. 251; 1 
 
 Barr 390; 1 C. 85; 8 0. 12. 
 
 XI. Right of officer. 
 
 To indemnity, 16 S. & R. 68. See Constable ; 
 Sheriff. 
 
 XII. Sales under. See Sheriff's Sales. 
 
 1. Effect of, on expired lien, 2 Wr. 9. 
 
 2. Effect of, under levy made by mistake, 1 Wr. 307. 
 
 3. Distribution of proceeds of sale on, 3 W, & S. 438. 
 
 See Sheriff's Sale. 
 
 XIII. Levy on real estate. 
 
 1. Generally, 2 D. 94; 1 Y. 427; 2 Y. 24; 3 Y. Ill, 
 
 121 ; 4 Y. 21, 114, 300, 443 ; 2 B. 80, 216 ; 7 S. & 
 R. 129, 369 ; 13 S. & R. 58 ; 1 R. 155 ; 3 R. 273 
 
 1 P. & W. 271 ; 3 P. & W. 445; 4 W. 223 ; 7 W. 51 
 10 W. 90; 5 Barr 294; 6 Barr 277, 280; 2 J. 283 
 
 2 H. 25; 8 H. 156, 245, 253, 258; 1 0. 102; 2 Or. 
 89. 
 
 2. Where land is in adjoining county, 1 Y. 266. 
 
 3. Acquired after judgment, 2 Y. 23 ; 6 B. 145 ; 1 W. 
 
 300; 7 W. & S. 260; 6 Barr 277 ; 7 Barr 492 ; 2 0. 
 490; 8 H. 253. 
 
 4. Not an act of record, but of the sheriff, 18 S. 9. 
 
 5. Proof of extent of, 2 W. & S. 122 ; 5 W. & S. 447 ; 
 
 2 J. 283. 
 
 6. On land in hands of receiver duly appointed, 16 
 
 S. 160. 
 
 7. Lien on real estate preserved by, 2 B. 218, 229, 
 
 342; 1 P. & W. 271, 277; 3 P. & W. 404, 444; 8 S 
 
 6 R. 319; 12 S. & R. 37; 13 S. & R. 58, 135, 144 
 17 S. & R. 436; 1 W. 41; 2 Barr 490; 6 Barr 277 
 
 7 Barr 492; IJ. 25; 8 H. 259; 8 0. 88; 3 Wr. 284 
 
 8 Wr. 123, 195; 9 Wr. 113. 
 
 8. When land is primarily liable, 9 S. & R. 73. 
 
 9. When evidence in ejectment, 4 W. 442 ; 1 0. 85. 
 10. Lien how lost, 8 H. 253. 
 
356 PIEEI FACIAS— FIRE-AKMS. 
 
 FIERI ^KGlK^—eontmued. 
 
 11. When a satisfaction op debt, 1 P. & "W. 424. 
 
 12. What covered by, 8 W. 427; 7 W. & S. 154; 18 S. 
 
 223. 
 
 13. Levy may be subject to encumbrance, 2 R. 166. 
 
 14. Release op by parties, 16 S. & R. 252. 
 
 15. Explanation op by parol, 5 S. & R. 257 ; 10 S. & R. 
 
 275. 
 
 16. Controls interest sold by sheripp, 7 W. 91 ; 9 W. 
 
 482. 
 
 17. Condemnation under. See Inquisition. 
 
 18. Sale under. See Sheripp's Sale. 
 
 XIV. Power op plaintipf over, 2 Y. 387 ; 9 S. & R. 9. 
 
 XV. Power op courts over, 2 D. 206 ; 1 Y. 189 ; 2 Y. 
 387 ; 4 Y. 193, 337 ; 2 B. 93 ; 3 B. 404 ; 2 S. & R. 35, 
 142; 9 S. & R. 318 ; 13 S. & R. 341. 
 
 XVI. Return to. 
 
 1. Generally, 4 Y. 185, 205 : 8 W. & S. 455; 8 C. 12 ; 
 
 12 Wr. 200. 
 
 2. What included in, 7 Barr 206. 
 
 3. "Levied," efpect op, 5 B. 266; 2 S. & R. 142; 7 W. 
 
 183; 8 C. 12. 
 
 4. "Money made," 2 D. 223; 10 S. & R. 399; 13 S. & 
 
 R. 96, 98. 
 
 5. Review op in error, 8 H. 245. 
 
 FILING PAPERS. 
 
 During trial, 2 W. 401; 1 Barr 340. 
 
 FINAL JUDGMENTS AND DECREES. 
 
 1. What are, 4 D. 22; 10 S. 444; 13 S. 178. 
 
 2. Error and appeal on. See Appeal ; Error. 
 
 FINES AND FORFEITURES. 
 
 1. Appropriation op, 5 B. 65. 
 
 2. Collection op military, 3 S. & R. 169; 4 S. & R. 83. 
 
 FIRE-ARMS. 
 
 1. Use of in Ppiladelphia since 1760, 11 S. 272. 
 
 2. Exportation op, 3 D. 301. 
 
 3. Forfeiture of, 3 D. 297. 
 
FIKE ASSOCIATION— FISHERIES. 357 
 
 FIRE ASSOCIATION OF PHILADELPHIA. 
 
 Liability of for dividend to fire company, 11 0. 496. 
 
 FIRE COMPANIES. 
 
 Regulation of in Philadelphia, 1 H. 194; 11 C. 496. 
 
 FIRE DEPARTMENT. 
 History of, 11 C. 496. 
 
 FIRE INSURANCE. See Insurance. 
 
 FIREMEN. 
 
 Act providing for support of disabled, construed, 3 Wr. 73. 
 
 FIRST DAY OF TERM. 
 
 Relation of judgment to, 1 D. 187. 
 
 FIRST HEIR MALE. 
 Definition of, 1 D. 4. 
 
 FIRST PURCHASERS. 
 
 List of, when evidence, 1 D. 187. 
 
 Concession to by proprietors, 2 B. 475. 
 
 Allotment to on Holmes' Map, 2 Barr 245. 
 
 Warrant and survey to, security for, 2 ,Barr 245. 
 
 Descent to parties who are of the blood of, 7 S. & R. 397; 4 
 
 R. 39; 8 W. 247; 1 Wh. 252; 5 AVh. 477; 6 W. & S. 
 
 258; 7 W. & S. 195; 5 Barr 164, 166; 8 Barr 32; 10 
 
 H. 291; 12 H. 162; 3 Wr. 14, 417; 10 Wr. 369; 14 
 
 .Wr. 311. 
 
 FIRST SETTLER. See Settler. 
 
 FIRST TAKER. 
 
 Preference for in construing will, 11 H. 9, 388; 3 S. 79. 
 
 FISH ACT OF MARCH 30, 1866. 
 Construed, 16 S. 42. 
 
 FISHERIES. 
 
 1. Right to in navigable rivers, 2 B. 475 ; 11 S. 21 to 43. 
 
 2. An incorporeal easement, 11 S. 21. 
 
 3. Creation oe right to by will, 1 Wh. 123. 
 
 4. Right to should appear in partition when it exists, 
 
 5B. 1. 
 
 5. Interruption of, 1 Wh. 123 ; 11 S. 21. 
 
 6. Indictment for obstruction of right, 5 B. 65; 6 S. 
 
 & R. 5. 
 
358 FIXTURES— FLOUR. 
 
 EIXTURES. 
 
 1. General etjles as to what akb, 12 S. 28; 14 S. 290. 
 
 2. In manor house or dwelling, 2 W. & S. 116. 
 
 3. In mills and manufactories, 3 W. 140 ; 4 W. 330 ; 2 
 
 W. & S. 116, 390. 
 
 4.' As BETWEEN PARTNERS, 4 C. 271. 
 
 5. As BETWEEN LANDLORD AND TENANT, 4 S. & R. 241 ; 14 
 
 S. & R. 267; 4 W. 830; 7 W. 106; 1 Wh. 91; 5 Wh. 
 143; 8Barr211; 9Barr493; 10 Barr 198, 252, 254; 
 4 H. 530; 4 C. 271; 7 C. 155; 2 J. 304; 2 Wr. 346; 
 lis. 87; 14 S. 290. 
 
 6. As BETWEEN TENANTS IN COMMON, 7 Wr. 321. 
 
 7. As BETWEEN DEBTOR AND CREDITOR, 17 S. & R. 415; 3 W. 
 
 140; 4 W. 330; 7 W. 106; 2 W. & S. 119, 390; 2 J. 
 304; 9 C. 523; 3 S. 271; 11 S. 87. 
 
 8. As BETWEEN VENDOR AND VENDEE, 9 Barr 491. 
 
 9. As BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT AND THE 
 
 BOROUGH OF YORK, 12 S. 28. 
 
 10. As BETWEEN TENANTS FOR LIFE AND REMAINDER-MAN, 5 
 
 Wh. 143; 4 0. 271. 
 
 11. When within the Mechanics' Lien Law, 17 S. & R. 413 ; 
 
 3 W. 140. 
 
 12. As between tenant for life and lessee, 1 Wh. 91. 
 
 13. As BETWEEN MORTGAGOR AND MORTGAGEE, 9 Wr. 42, 441. 
 
 14. Replevin. FOR, 3 S. & R. 509; 2 W. 126; 2 J. 304. 
 
 15. Trover for, 7 C. 155. ' 
 
 16. Attachment of as personal property, 4 C. 271. 
 
 FLAGRANTE BELLO. 
 
 Rights under, discussed, 1 D. 71. 
 
 .FLOOD. 
 
 Ownership of property carried away by, 4 W. 65; 4 H. 398. 
 
 FLOODING LAND. 
 
 Damages for, 1 R. 27. See Dams. 
 
 FLOTSOM. 
 
 Ownership of property, 4 H. 393. 
 
 FLOUR. 
 
 1. Inspection of, 1 Wh. 448; 2 H. 279. 
 
 2. Warranty of superfine, construed, 9 W. 121. 
 
FLOUR INSPECTOR— FORCIBLE ENTRY. 359 
 
 FLOUR INSPECTOR. 
 
 1. Power of to seize flour passing through Pennsylva- 
 
 nia, 1 Wh. 448. 
 
 2. As TO BRAND OE MILLER ON, 2 H. 279. 
 
 "FOR ACCOUNT OF WHOM IT MAY CONCERN." 
 Meaning of, in insurance policy, 5 H. 290. 
 
 FORBEARANCE. 
 
 1. When a valid consideration, 2 B. 506; 5 S. & R. 519; 
 
 11 S. & R. 379 ; 1 R. 349 ; 5 R. 69 ; 1 P. & W. 383; 3 P. 
 & W. 282, 286, 531 ; 3 W. 213, 217; 3 W. & S. 420; 4 
 BaiT 73 ; 5 Barr 162 ; 8 Barr 301 ; 9 Barr 147, 183 ; 5 H. 
 469; 9 H. 237; 8 C. 10; 5 Wr. 97; 2 Gr. 34. 
 
 2. Contract for construed, 3 P. & W. 437; 3 W. 213; 4 
 
 W. 446; 7 W. 48; 8 W. 448; 6 Wh. 404; 5 W. & S. 
 476 ; 9 W. & S. 51 ; 1 Barr 504 ; 2 Barr 30 ; 4 Barr 
 305; 6 Barr 198; 5 H. 469; 2 Gr. 34; 7 S. 346; 17 
 S. 49. 
 
 3. Agreement of creditors for enforced, 17 S. 49. 
 
 4. What is implied in contract for, 2 B. 506 ; 2 Barr 30 ; 
 
 5 H. 469; 7 S. -346. 
 
 5. Annuity in consideration of, 9 W. 124. 
 
 6. Effect of on surety, 4 H. 13 ; 6 H. 460. 
 
 7. Form of narr. in action on contract for, 5 S. & R. 19. 
 
 8. Evidence for defence, 3 W. & S. 420; 5 W. & S. 476; 
 
 9 W. & S. 51; 1 Barr 504; 1 J. 221; 8 0. 10. 
 
 9. Competency of parties as witnesses, 1 J. 221. 
 
 10. Effect of on rights and liability of surety. See 
 Surety. 
 
 FORCIBLE ENTRY. 
 
 L Generally, 1 D. 501, 355 ; 1 Y. 501. 
 II. Indictment for. 
 1. Form of. 
 As to seizin of profsecutor, 1 D. 68, 348. 
 As to, estate of prosecutor, 2 Y. 231; 4 Y. 229; 6 S. & 
 
 R. 252 ; 1 H. 391. 
 As to quantity of land, 4 Y. 326 ; 5 B. 417 ; 1 S. & R. 
 
 123. 
 As to description of premises, 9 Barr 184; 1 H. 391. 
 As to force, 1 Y. 501 ; 5 B. 277. 
 
 II. Evidence in, 1 D. 68, 501 ; 2 Y. 229. 
 
 III. Form of inquisition in, 1 D. 354 ; 4 D. 212. 
 
360 FORCIBLE ENTRY— FOREIGN ATTACHMENT. 
 
 FORCIBLE 'El^TRY— continued. 
 
 IV. Damages in, 1 S. & R. 480. 
 
 V. Costs in, 4 B. 194; 1 W. & S. 259. 
 
 VI. Restitution in, 1 D. 68; 6 S. & R. 252; 10 W. 143 ; 
 9 Barr 184. 
 
 VII. Certiorari in, 4 D. 214, 412. 
 
 FORD. 
 
 Over public stream. 
 Protection of, 1 W. & S. 346. 
 
 FOREIGN ADMINISTRATOR, 1 D. 456; 4 D. 292, 457; 1 
 B. 63; 5 R. 264; 3 P. & W. 185; 9 H. 476; 10 H. 514; 
 6 Wr. 467; 11 S. 299 ; 18 S. 151 ; 20 S. 347. 
 
 FOREIGN AMBASSADOR. See Foreign Ministers and 
 Consuls. 
 
 FOREIGN ASSIGNMENT IN BANKRUPTCY, 6 B. 353. 
 
 FOREIGN ATTACHMENT. 
 
 I. General rules relative to, 1 Y. 274; 3 B. 391; 2 S. 
 
 & R. 224; 12 S. & R. 287; 15 S. & R. 173, 184; 2 H. 
 330; IS. 224; 4 S. 84. 
 
 II. Distinguished from domestic attachment, 8 H. 144. 
 
 III. Primary object of proceedings in, 4 S. & R. 64; 1 
 H. 223; 2 H. 101, 330; 12 H. 23 ; 1 S. 244; 20 S. 
 249. 
 
 IV. When an " action pending," 1 P. & W. 442 ; 2 W. & 
 S. 190, 210; 1 Barr 399; 9 Wr. 488. 
 
 V. When it lies, 4 S. & R. 464 ; 5 S. & R. 450; 12 S. & 
 
 R. 287 ; 4 W. & S. 202 ; 2 H. 129, 131 ; 1 Wr. 228 ; 9 
 Wr. 129, 416 ; 12 Wr. 161 ; 1 S. 244. 
 
 VI. Who subject to, 1 D. 153, 158, 481 ; 2 D. 97 ; 4 D. 
 47, 2'^9; 1 Y. 255; 2 Y. 35, 190; 3 Y. 55; 4 Y. 241, 
 377; 6 B. 353; 4 S. & R. 464; 15 S. & R. 61, 173; 1 
 P. & W. 125; 10 W. 217; 5 Wh. 125; 2 H. 129; 8 H. 
 144; 11 H. 24; 12 C. 420; 6 S. 355; 15 S. 126. 
 
 VII. Priority as to writs of, 11 H. 297; 2 C. 351. 
 
 VIII. When not ex parte, 12 S. & R. 287. 
 
 IX. Effect op proceedings in United States court on, 12 
 H. 259. 
 
 X. Effect of on right op action by holder of attached 
 
 claim, 1 S. 357. See Garnishee. 
 
FOREIGN ATTACHMENT. 361 
 
 FOREIGN ATTACHMENT— conimMed 
 XI. What property is and is not attachable. 
 
 1. Generally, 1 H. 223 ; 12 C. 28 ; 3 Wr. 50 ; 2 Gr. 
 
 136 ; 1 S. 244. 
 
 2. Bank deposits, 6 Wr. 536 ; 8 Wr. 253 ; 14 S. 236. 
 
 3. Bank stock, 4 Y. 377, 879 ; 1 B. 344 ; 3 B. 394 ; 10 
 
 W. 280 ; 1 H. 223 ; 14 Wr. 14. 
 
 4. Bank notes, 6 H. 385, 388. 
 
 5. Bank checks, 5 H. 440; 10 Wr. 419. 
 
 6. Debts generally, 2 D. 211; 4 D. 279; 1 Y. 255; 3 
 
 B. 394 ; 1 P. & W. 117 ; 8 W. & S. 350; 1 Barr 380 ; 
 2 Barr 39; 3 Barr 104; 7 Barr 482; 6 C. 520; 4 
 Wr. 490 ; 5 Wr. 229 ; 14 Wr. 230. 
 
 7. Judgments, 7 C. 114. 
 
 8. Debts in suit, 1 Barr 380; 1 Gr. 457. 
 
 9. Balance reserved on assignment for creditors, 7 
 
 C. 114. 
 
 10. Distributive share of heirs, 2 Wh. 332; 2 W. & S. 
 
 397; 5 Barr 402; 7 Barr 281; 10 Barr 419 ; 1 H. 
 307 ; 6 H. 414 ; 1 J. 361 ; 8 C. 384 ; 2 Wr. 93 ; 7 
 Wr. 89. 
 
 11. Fees of public officers, 12 Wr. 270. 
 
 12. Legacies, 2 R. 227 ; 2 W. 90 ; 1 Wh. 179 ; 2 Wh. 332, 
 
 "417; 3 H. 108; 6 H. 414; 8 C. 384; 2 Wr. 98. 
 
 13. Executors' commissions, 11 Wr. 94. 
 
 14. Money in hands of public officers, 2 W. & S. 397 ; 3 
 
 Barr 868. 
 
 15. Money in hands of tickft agent, 11 C. 22. 
 
 16. Money due on policy of insurance, 7 W. & S. 76; 
 
 8 W. & S. 350; 3 Gr. 829. 
 
 17. Money in hands op agent or attorney, 2 Barr 346 ; 
 
 6H. 414; 7 C. 329. 
 
 18. Funds of improvement company, 2 Gr. 472. 
 
 19. Municipal bonds, 5 Wr. 229. 
 
 20. Goods fraudulently sold, 2 Gr. 319. 
 
 21. Partnership property for debt of partner, 2 D. 
 
 277; 5 Wh. 125; 9 C. 414. 
 
 22. Real estate, 9 W. 156; 10 Barr 398; 6 H. 414; 11 
 
 S. 19. 
 
 23. Promissory notes, 4 D. 47 ; 2 Barr 39 ; 6 H. 888 ; 5 
 
 C. 186 ; 18 S. 72. 
 
362 FOREIGN ATTACHMENT. 
 
 FOREIGN ATTACHMENT— coraC^wMed 
 
 24. Trust funds, 4 D. 279; 1 P. & W. 117 ; 12 C. 28 ; 2 
 
 Gr. 136. 
 
 25. Unliquidated claims, 9 Wr. 129. 
 
 26. Wages, 5 0. 264; 9 C. 241; 12 0. 28; 13 Wr. 147, 
 
 387. See Exemption ; Wages. 
 
 27. Wipe's annual interest, 1 Wh. 179. 
 
 28. Wife's legacy, 2 W. 90 ; 1 Wh. 179. 
 
 29. Stock of foreign corporation, 1 H. 220. 
 
 30. Wipe's share in Orphans' Court recognisance, 4 H. 
 
 387. 
 
 31. Purchase-money of land, 1 J. 861. 
 
 32. Stock of domestic corporation, 7 W. & S. 432 ; 14 
 
 Wr. 314. 
 
 33. Proceeds op property exempt prom execution, 11 
 
 H. 489. 
 
 34. Real estate set apart as exempt from execution, 
 
 7 C. 329; 3 Wr. 60. 
 XII./ Service op writ. 
 
 1. Duty of sheriff as to, 3 Wh. 13 ; 5 Wh. 125 ; 2 Barr 
 
 93 ; 8 C. 452; 1 Wr. 399 ; 1 S. 244. 
 
 2. Effect of. 
 
 On property attached 3 Y. 285 ; 8 W. & S. 350 ; 3 Barr 
 
 109; 9 Barr 468; 2 H. 48, 326; 3 Wr. 50; 8 Wr. 
 
 82, 288; 1 S. 244; 4 S. 84. 
 On plaintiff, 3 B. 394; 2 Gr. 472; 4 S. 84; 5 S. 480 ; 7 
 
 S. 202. 
 On defendant, 1 D. 265; 7 S. 202. 
 On garnishee, 1 D. 3; 6 H. 96; 3 S. 408; 4 S. 84; 7 S. 
 
 202. See Garnishee. 
 On assignee of property attached, 4 D. 47, 279 ; 3 B. 
 
 388, 394, 400; 12 S. & R. 291; 1 P. & W. 117; 2 
 
 P. & W. 131; 8 W. 59; 5 Wh. 280; 4 W. & S. 407; 
 
 5 W. & S. 100; 6 W. & S. 301 ; 5 Barr 39; 2 J. 
 
 164; 1 H. 806; 6 H. 331; 1 C. 362; 10 C. 152. 
 
 299; 8 Wr. 43; 10 Wr. 415: 14 Wr. 230; 15 S. 
 
 430; 18 S. 72; 19 S. 409. 
 
 XIII. Return to writ, 3 Wh. 12 ; 2 Barr 93 ; 11 C. 156 ; 1 
 S. 244. 
 
 XIV. Appearance in, 2 S. & R. 224; 14 S. & R. 386; 6 
 Wr. 500. 
 
 XV. Dissolution of. 
 
 1. Generally, 15 S. & R. 173 ; 9 Wr. 349. 
 
FOREIGN ATTACHMENT. 363 
 
 FOREIGN ATTAGRMENT— continued. 
 
 2. By death of defendant, 4 S. & R. 557, 564; 8 W. & 
 
 S. 207. 
 
 3. By entry of bail, 1 D. 375; 14 S. & R. 386; 2 Or. 
 
 407 ; 6 Wr. 500. 
 
 4. By decree of court, 11 H. 24 ; 9 Wr. 349. 
 
 5. When motion for to be made, 2 D. 79; 5 B. 389; 4 
 
 Y. 274; 4 S. & R. 543. 
 
 6. By forfeiture of charter, 8 W. & S. 207. 
 
 7. For want of writ of inquiry in, 2 B. 453. 
 
 8. Liability of bail on, 5 W. 539. 
 
 9. Effect of on garnishee, 6 Wr. 500. See Garnishee. 
 XVI. Proceedings on. 
 
 1. Cause OF action when to be shown, 1 D. 154, 218; 4 
 
 Y. 6 ; 4 S. & R. 543 ; 5 S. & R. 450. 
 
 2. Sale of perishable property in, 1 D. 379 ; 3 Wr. 50. 
 
 3. Cause of action not to be changed after suit, 2 
 
 Barr 199. 
 
 4. Declaration or statement in, 10 S. & R. 109. 
 
 5. As TO residence of defendant, 11 H. 24. 
 
 6. Not within affidavit of Defence Law, 14 S. 334. 
 
 7. Effect of plea of nulla bono, 15 S. 336. 
 
 8. Not within Exemption Law, 2 0. 351. 
 
 9. Judgment by confession, 6 Wr. 500. 
 
 10. Judgment against corporation, 8 W. & S. 201. 
 
 11. Judgment in another state, 1 D. 264; 4 Y. 502; 7 
 
 W. &6. 447; 14 S. 130. 
 
 12. Judgment, effect of, 10 Barr 42 ; 2 Gr. 153, 407 ; 14 
 
 S. 130; 20 S. 249. 
 
 13. Writ of inquiry in, 2 Y. 436; 4 Y. 261; 2 B. 453. 
 
 14. Proceedings against garnishee. See Garnishee. 
 
 15. Costs in, 2 D. 113. 
 
 16. Writ of error in, 1 Y. 255 ; 2 Y. 162 ; 2 B. 458 ; 10 
 
 Barr 42, 61; 11 H. 24. 
 
 17. Scire facias ad disprobandum debitum in, 4 Y. 
 
 495. 
 
 , 18. Admissibility OF proceedings AS evidence, 11 S. & R. 
 188. 
 19. Action of debt on. See ante, XVI. 11. 
 
364 FOREIGN BANKING COMPANY. 
 
 FOREIGN BANKING COMPANY. 
 Rights and liabilities of, 3 Gr. 33. 
 
 FOREIGN BILL OF EXCHANGE. 
 
 How effected by Act of May 21, 1857; 6 S. &'R. 356; 8 
 
 W. 445; 6 C. 139. 
 Charge of 5 per cent, on protest of, 3 Barr 474. 
 
 FOREIGN CERTIFICATE IN BANKRUPTCY. 
 
 Effect of here, 2 Y. 98. 
 
 FOREIGN COMDEMNATION OF VESSEL, 2 Y. 178; 1 
 B. 293. 
 
 FOREIGN CONSUL. 
 
 Liability of on bill drawn for his government, 8 D. 384. 
 
 FOREIGN CORPORATION. 
 
 Right of. 
 
 To transact business here, 1 H. 13 ; 9 C. 175 ; 1 Gr. 472 ; 
 8 Gr. 33. 
 
 To take by devise, 12 H. 474. 
 
 To sue in court in Pennsylvania, 9 W. 126. 
 Lease by, 1 H; 10. 
 Liability of. 
 
 To attachment, 15 S. & R. 173; 7 C. 114; 1 Gr. 457. 
 Proof of seal of, 4 R. 163. 
 
 FOREIGN COURTS. 
 
 Inquiry into jurisdiction of, 8 B. 220 ; 14 S. 132. 
 
 FOREIGN DEED, 1 D. 66 ; 3 Y. 424, 429 ; 5 B. 296; 8 S. & 
 R. 268, 299, 303, 304 ; 8 W. 542 ; 1 W. & S. 83 ; 7 W. & S. 
 440; 2 H. 364 ; 6- H. 101, 171 ; 11 H. 231 ; 6 S. 57 ; 13 S. 
 142. See Deed, IV. 5. 
 
 FOREIGN EXECUTOR. 
 Rights of. 
 
 As against local administrators, 2 R. 265 ; 5 R. 264 ; 10 S. 
 325 ; 11 S. 478 ; 18 S. 151. See Administrator, V. 
 
 FOREIGN GOVERNOR. 
 Held to bail, 2 D. 248. 
 
 FOREIGN INSURANCE COMPANY. 
 
 1. Acts of 1810, 1827 and 1849, relative to, construed, 
 
 1 Gr. 472. 
 
 2. Rights of herb, 9 W. 126 ; 1 H. 13 ; 12 H. 494 ; 7 C. 
 
 529 ; 9 C. 175 ; 1 Gr. 472. 
 Power of agent to bind company generally, 2 Gr. 470. 
 
FOREIGN JUDGMENTS AND DECREES. 365 
 
 FOREIGN JUDGMENTS AND DECREES. 
 
 1. Authentication of, 2 Y. 532 ; 4 Y. 396, 501 ; 12 S. & 
 
 R. 203, 263 ; 13 S. & R. 135, 334 ; 7 W. & S. 204 ; 3 
 Ban- 483 ; 10 Barr 157, 160 ; 1 0. 509 ; 3 C. 479 ; 10 
 C. 74; 5 S. 110; 15 S. 105 ; 18 S. 471. 
 
 2. Power of court receive, 8 Barr 484. 
 
 3. When to be pleaded specially, 2 W. & S. 129. 
 
 4. Effect of here, 1 D. 191, 219, 232, 261, 269; 2 D. 51, 
 
 194, 203, 231, 270, 276, 302; 1 Y. 533; 2 Y. 161, 178, 
 532 ; 3 Y. 379 ; 4 Y. 123, 497 ; 3 B. 220 ; 9 S. & R. 
 252 ; 12 S. & R. 203, 287 ; 6 W. 278 ; 7 W. & S. 447; 
 8 Barr 484 ; 1 J. 394; 4 H. 241 ; 5 H. 45 ; 10 H. 170 ; 
 IOC. 126; 6Wr. 467; 11 Wr. 123 ; 4 S. 227 ; 14 S. 
 182; 18 S. 471. 
 
 5. Application of Statute of Limitations to, 13 S. & R. 
 
 395. 
 
 6. Action on, 1 D. 261; 2 D. 302; 2 Y. 161; 9 S. & R. 
 
 252 ; 2 R. 431 ; 1 C. 200 ; 9 C. 45 ; 6 Wr. 467 ; 14 S. 
 132, 239 ; 18 S. 471. 
 
 7. Pleas to action on, 1 D. 240 ; 2 D. 802 ; 1 J. 394. 
 
 8. What may be recovered on, 10 S. & R. 240 ; 3 Barr 
 - 484 ; 14 S. 182. 
 
 9. Interest on, 10 S. & R. 240. 
 
 FOREIGN LAWS. 
 
 1. Proof of, 5 S. & R. 523 ; 10 W. 158 ; 12 H. 435. 
 
 2. Interpretation of, 12 H. 435. 
 
 3. Effect of here, 1 D. 191, 219, 232, 269 ; 1 Y. 543 ; 2 
 
 Y. 161, 178 ; 3 Y. 258. 
 
 FOREIGN LETTERS OF ADMINISTRATION, 1 D. 456, 
 459 ; 4 D. 292 ; 1 B. 63 ; 8 P. & W. 185 ; 7 H. 476 ; 10 H- 
 614; 6 Wr. 467 ; 11 S. 299. See Administrator, V. 
 
 FOREIGN MERCHANDISE. 
 
 Retailers of. 
 
 Act relative to, considered, 13 S. & R. 405. 
 Return of constable as to, 7 W. 486. 
 
 FOREIGN MINISTERS. 
 
 1. Privileges of, 1 D. 203, 805. 
 
 2. Offences against when cognisable, 2 D. 298. 
 
 FOREIGN MONEY. 
 
 Verdict for in American currency, 3 D. 868. 
 
366 FOREIGN NOTARY— FORFEITURE 
 
 FOREIGN NOTARY. 
 
 Admissibility of protest in evidence, 2 Barr 355; 2 0. 255; 
 
 6 C. 139 ; 9 Wr. 193. 
 Certificate of, 9 "Wr. 193. 
 
 FOREIGN RAILROAD COMPANIES. 
 
 1. Rights and duties of in Pennsylvania, 9 C. 125. 
 
 2. Taxation of, 5 C. 370; 16 S. 73, 85. 
 
 FOREIGN SHIPMASTERS. 
 
 Liability of for seamen's wages, 2 Y. 350. 
 
 FOREIGN STATES. 
 
 Definition of, 8 "Wr. 326. 
 
 Admiralty Courts of, 3 D. 16 ; 3 Y. 258. 
 
 FOREIGN TRIBUNALS. 
 
 1. Limit as to inquiry into jurisdiction of, 3 B. 220; 14 
 
 S. 132. 
 
 2. Authority of here, 3 D. 16; 3 Y. 258; 6 "W. 278, 467. 
 
 3. Proceedings in when legal notice, 8 "Wr. 326. 
 
 4. To what extent state courts are, 8 "Wr. 336. 
 
 FORFEITED. 
 
 I. Recognisance. 
 
 1. Power of Quarter Sessions over, 10 C. 165 ; 11 C. 416. 
 
 2. Within Affidavit of Defence Law, 11 C. 416. 
 
 II. Bonds. 
 
 Of insolvent debtor. See Insolvent. 
 
 III. Estates. See Estates ; Forfeiture. 
 Land warrant. See Land "Warrant. 
 Legacy. See Legacy. 
 
 "FORFEIT THE SUM OF." 
 In contract, construed, 12 Wr. 450. 
 
 FORFEITURE. 
 
 I. Of estates. 
 
 1. Not to be encouraged, 8 Wr. 259 ; 1 S. 232 ; 11 S. 107. 
 General rule as to, 8 W. 51. 
 By improper conveyance, 3 D. 483. 
 For breach of condition, 2 Y. 450; 1 S. & R. 375; 5 S. 
 
 & R. 375: 13 S. & R. 172 ; 5W. 493; 2 W. & S. 
 
 88 ; 6 W. & S. 91 ; 9 Barr 433; 3 H. 296 ; 9 H. 
 
 232; 12 H. 89; 10 0. 133; 5 Wr. 341; 2 Gr. Ill; 
 
 1 S. 232. 
 By treason, 3 D. 479, 485. 
 By attainder, 1 Y. 257 ; 1 B. 1. 
 
FOEFEITURE— FOllGED LETTER OF ATTORNEY. 367 
 
 FORFEITURE— cow^mwet^. 
 
 By omission to settle under land warrant, 2 Y. 450. 
 By nonuser, 9 H. 232; 6 Wr. 31. 
 By misuser, 9 11. 232. 
 
 2. Of condition in insurance policy, 13 S. & R. 172; 
 
 6 W. & S. 91; 11 Wr. 204; 8 S. 444. 
 
 3. Of insolvent bond, 11 C. 459. 
 
 4. Of condition in lease, 1 Wr. 625; 5 Wr. 341; 8 Wr. 
 
 264; 11 Wr. 346; 1 S. 232; 5 S. 171. 
 
 5. Of eecognisancb. See Recognisance. 
 
 6. Of condition in deed, 5 Wr. 341. See Deed. 
 
 7. Of railroad contract, 4 H. 469. 
 
 8. Under market ordinances, 5 Wr. 481. 
 
 9. By neglect, 12 S. & R. 190; 15 S. & R. 12. ' 
 
 10. Waiver of, 1 B. 70; 12 S. & R. 190; 4 H. 470; 5 
 
 Wr. 341 ; 11 Wr. 204; 2 Gr. Ill; 8 S. 444. 
 
 11. Relief against in equity, 12 Wr. 450. 
 
 12. Of stock, 1 B. 70. 
 
 13. Of vessel, 4 D. 22; 2 Y. 172, 232. 
 
 FORGED BANK NOTES. 
 
 1. After expiration of charter, 4 B. 416. 
 
 2. Conspiracy to cheat by sale op, 9 Barr 211. See 
 
 Counterfeit Bank Notes. 
 
 FORGED BOND. 
 
 Ratification of, 17 S. 391. See Bond, V. 
 
 FORGED CHECK. 
 Effect of credit for, 4 D. 234. See Bank Check 18. 
 
 FORGED DEED. See Deed. 
 
 1. Proof of, 6 Wr. 143. 
 
 2. Confirmation of, 6 Wr. 143. 
 
 3. Of married women, 11 S. & R. 347. 
 
 FORGED DRAFT. 
 
 Payment of, 4 D. 234 ; 1 B. 27; 12 S. & R. 77. 
 
 FORGED ENDORSEMENT. 
 
 1. Duty OF holder of, 3 Y. 531, 543. 
 
 2. Effect of on subsequent endorsers, 9 W. 274. See 
 
 Bills and Notes. 
 
 FORGED LETTER OF ATTORNEY. 
 Relief from, 17 S. 428. 
 
368 FOEGED NOTE— FORMER RECOVERY. 
 
 FORGED NOTE. 
 
 1. Action to kecover money paid on, 6 0. 145, 527. 
 
 2. Competency op witnesses in, 6 C. 527. 
 
 FORGED PAPERS. 
 
 Identity of, 1 P. & W. 161. 
 
 FORGERY. 
 
 1. What constitutes, 10 H. 390; 8 C. 529. 
 
 2. When indictable, 1 D. 45 ; 2 B. 352 ; 4 B. 416 ; 1 Wh. 
 
 278. 
 
 3. FoEM OP indictment, 2 B. 332; 3 S. & R. 207; 8 0. 529. 
 
 Amendment of, 4 Y. 420. 
 
 4. Evidence on trial por, 1 D. 110; 2 D. 239, 240; 1 Y. 
 
 401 ; 2 Y. 1 ; 6 S. & R. 568 ; 10 H. 390. 
 
 5. Challenges allowed on trial for, 2 Wr. 206. 
 
 6. Punishment of, 1 Wh. 278. 
 
 7. Expense op removing convict to penitentiary, 7 W. 
 
 & S. 438. 
 
 FORMER RECOVERY. 
 
 1. Admissibility of parol evidence to explain, 7 C. 58 ; 
 
 12 S. 252. 
 
 2. When to be specially pleaded, 4 R. 273; 5 W. 102; 8 
 
 W. 355; 7H. 502; 6 Wr. 402. 
 
 3. Reply to plea op, 10 S. & R. 275; 5 W. 102; 8 Barr 
 
 412; 6 C. 193. 
 
 4. Rejoinder to replication op, 2 S. 292. 
 
 5. Effect of trial on plea of, without replication, 11 
 
 C. 308; 2 S. 294. 
 
 6. When evidence, 4 D. 120; 1 Y. 523; 3 Y. 128; 4 S. & 
 
 R. 24 ; 5 S. & R. 57 ; 6 S. & R. 57 ; 7 S. & R. 319, 
 322, 354, 429; 9 S. & R. 424; 11 S. & R. 188 ; 13 S. 
 & R. 54, 213, 246, 276; 14 S. & R. 301; 16 S. t R. 
 282, 285; 17 S. & R. 319, 325; 1 R. 121; 4 R. 100, 
 273, 284, 288, 485; 3 P. & W. 96; 1 W. 374; 2 W. 
 73, 246, 252; 3 W. 235; 4 W. 183, 191; 5 W. 102, 
 120, 323; 6 W. 343, 362; 7 W. 20, 502; 8 W. 355; 9 
 W. 490, 496; 1 Wh. 138; 5 Wh. 424, 487 ; 6 Wh. 
 163 ; 2 W. & S. 139 ; 3 W. & S. 136 ; 7 W. & S. Ill ; 9 
 W. & S. 62 ; 2 Barr 204, 435 ; 3 Barr 44 ; 4 Barr 309; 
 6 Barr 152, 305 ; 7 Barr 415 ; 10 Barr 93; IJ. 41, 95, 
 221; 2 J. 391; 1 H. 159; 5 H. 412; 6 H. 448; 7 H. 
 124, 502; 12 H. 242; 1 C. 150; 6 0. 190, 196; 7 C. 
 
FOEMER RECOVERY— FORT M'INTOSH. 369 
 
 FORMER R'EGOY:EnY— continued. 
 
 381; 10 0. 12, 91, 223; 12 C. 156; 5 Wr. 142; 13 
 Wr. 346; 14 Wr. 456 ; 3 S. 192; 5 S. 419; 12 S. 252; 
 20 S. 350. 
 
 7. When not a bak, 5 Wh. 487 ; 2 W. & S. 438 ; 8 Barr 
 
 412 ; 7 0. 446 ; 7 Wr. 365. 
 
 8. When conclusive as a question oe law, 10 Wr. 44. 
 
 9. Evidence of testimony relied on in former action, a 
 
 question for the jury, 9 S. & R. 81. 
 
 FORMER SUIT. 
 
 Plea of, in abatement, 3 R. 320; 5 Wr. 192; 5 S. 419. 
 
 FORNICATION AND BASTARDY. 
 
 1. Form of indictment for, 1 Y. 6; 1 R. 142; 5 W. & S. 
 
 345. 
 
 2. Prosecution for, when barred, 4 C. 259. 
 
 3. Statute of Limitations need not be specially pleaded 
 
 in, 4 C. 259. 
 
 4. Where to be tried, 2 0. 513. 
 
 5. Competency of witnesses in, 6 B. 283; 5 W. & S. 345. 
 
 6. Merger of, in crime of rape, 5 W. & S. 345. 
 
 7. Conviction for in indictment for seduction, 5 H. 126. 
 
 8. Evidence for defendant, 5 H. 126. 
 
 9. Sentence for, 3 Y. 39; 6 S. & R. 382 ; 8 S. & R. 261 ; 
 
 3H. 412; 9 S. 321; 14 S. 402. 
 
 Security for sentence, 6 S. & R. 282 ; 6 II. 117. 
 
 Enforcement of, 17 S. & R. 9; 1 Wh. 62 ; 6 H. 116; 
 
 14 S. 402. 
 Evidence in action to enforce, 1 Wh. 62. 
 What portion of may be waived by prosecutrix, 6 H. 116. 
 Interest of prosecutrix in, 6 H. 117; 9 S. 320, 325. 
 
 10. Action by prosecutrix for an escape, 8 Barr 465 ; 6 H. 
 
 263; 9 H. 215; 9 S. 324. 
 
 11. Effect of verdict in manner and form, 9 Wr. 392. 
 
 FOREST COUNTY. 
 
 Organization of, 10 C. 248. 
 
 FORT M'INTOSH. 
 
 Act of 1785 relative to purchases at, construed, 1 Y. 286 ; 2 
 S. & R. 575. 
 
 24 
 
370 FKACTION OE A DAY— FEAUD. 
 
 FRACTION OF A DAY. 
 
 How regarded in law, 2 Y. 89; IB. 292 ; 1 S. & R. 412 ; 3 
 P. & W. 200, 245 ; 6 H. 48 ; 10 H. 363 ; 11 H. 297 ; 12 
 H. 863; 2 Wr. 480; 11 Wr. 156; 2 Gr. 130; IS. 446; 
 12 S. 151; 20 S. 490. 
 
 FRANCHISE OF CORPORATION. See Corporation.. 
 
 FRANKLIN CANAL COMPANY. 
 
 Charter of construed, 9 H. 117. 
 
 FRANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 Bounty law of, construed, 2 S. 474. 
 
 FRANKLIN INSTITUTE. 
 Certificate of, 3 Wh. 26. 
 
 FRANKLIN, WALTER. 
 Appointment of as judge, 1 B. 501. 
 
 fFRAUD. 
 I. Actual. 
 
 1. Not to be presumed, 1 Y. 114; '3 Y. 33; 3 W. 151 ; 
 
 5W. 107; 8Barr45; 1 H. 360; 2 H. 14; 5H.320; 
 6 H. 109; 8 H. 117; 9 H. 370; 10 H. 179; 5 C. 
 387; 7 S. 322; 10 S. 430. 
 
 2. What constitutes, 9 W. 34; 5 Barr 219: 5 H. 316; 
 
 9 H. 370; 4 Wr. 352; 6 Wr. 234; 12 Wr. 73; 14 
 Wr. 75; 3 Gr. 333; 5 S. 504; 19 S. 2L 
 
 3. Proof of. 
 
 Must be clear, 1 W. & S. 195; 2 Barr 12; 10 C. 214; 
 
 10 S. 431. 
 When a question for the jury, 8 S. & R. 444 ; 10 S. & R. 
 
 247; 3 W. 121; 6 W. 247; 10 W. 104; 6 Barr 
 
 239; 7 Barr 89; 1 C. 323; 3 C. 123; 10 C. 212; 
 
 4 Wr. 515; 5 Wr. 206; 6 Wr. 450; 8 Wr. 204; 9 
 
 Wr. 198;* 12 Wr. 68; 13 Wr. 334; 8 Gr. 237; 14 
 
 S. 352; 18 S. 308; 19 S. 21. 
 When a question for the court, 19 S. 352. 
 Competency of witnesses as to, 1 R. 141. 
 Not inferred from relationship of parties, 2 H. 14. 
 By parol, 4 R. 141; 3 W. 230; 5 Barr 216; 4 H. 289; 
 
 10 H. 179. 
 Inferred from concealment of facts, 12 H. 347; 1 Wr. 
 
 164; 12 Wr. 614; 13 S. 381. 
 Rules as to admission of testimony involving questions of, 
 
 2 B. 154; 5 B. 73; 6 W. 93; 5 Barr 230, 520; 1 
 
 J. 307; 4 H. 485, 495; 5 H. 216, 244, 353; 9 H. 
 
FRAUD. 371 
 
 FRAUD — continued. 
 
 495; 10 H. 183, ii45; 1C.413; 12 C. 383; 3 Wr. 
 455; 1 S. 295; 11 S. 102, 179; 17 S. 166. 
 By declaration of parties, 4 Y. 280 ; 5 B. 109 ; 4 W. 85; 
 
 5 W. & S. 553; 1 J. 233; 2 H. 139, 288; 11 0. 
 215; 5 C. 479; 5 Wr. 234; 6 S. 265, 314; 8 S. 
 459; 11 S. 407; 13 S. 108. 
 
 Averment of in pleading, 1 W. 110 ; 8 W. 12 ; 2 Barr 
 
 13. 
 Inferred from sale pending a suit at law, 10 S. & R. 424; 
 
 2"Wh. 302; 12 C. 63. 
 
 ■ Rebuttal of, 4 S. & R. 483; 5 S. & R. 226, 352; 6 W. & 
 
 S. 431 ; 2 Barr 13; 9 Wr. 449 ; 6 S. 54. 
 4. Effect of. 
 
 On contract, 4 S. & R. 485: 7 S. & R. 230, 236; 11 S. 
 &R. 164; 14 S. & R. 293; 3 R. 345; 2 W. 66; 
 3 W. 336 ; 2 P. & W. 82; 3 P. & W. 94; 5 Barr 
 520; 1 H. 270, 359, 368; 11 H. 321; 12 H. 62; 
 
 6 0. 418; 11 0. 245; 4 Wr. 417; 11 Wr. 115; 3 
 Or. 333; 8 S. 453. 
 
 On judgment, 2 W. 314; 5 Ban- 232; 4 H. 18, 26; 11 
 
 H 321 ■ 7 S 175 
 On parties to. 1 Y. 291 ; 4 Y. 95, 280 ; 5 B. 82, 109, 111 ; 
 
 6 S. & R. 531; 13 S. & R. 224, 226; 2 W. 226; 5 
 
 W. 378; 6 W. 429, 453; 2 W. & S. 190; 3 W. & 
 
 S. 318; 5 W. & S. Ill, 113; 1 H. 488; 4 H. 50; 
 
 12 H. 62; 1 C. 436; 8 0. 90, 148; 5 C. 219; 6 0. 
 
 478; 3 S. 309; 4 S. 342; 7 S. 175; 13 S. 108. 
 On strangers, 2 P. & W. 52; 3 P. & W. 160 ; 4 W. 86,^ 
 
 369, 362, 424; 9 W. 183 ; 3 W. & S. 479 ; 2 Barr 
 
 105; 11 C. 239; 4 Wr. 417; 7 S. 175. 
 Notice of, 2 P. & W. 82 ; 4 Wr. 417. 
 Remedy against, 4 R. 141; 12 H. 346; 2 0. 85 ; 7 0. 
 
 241 ; 11 0. 23 ; 12 0. 403; 5 Wr. 319 ; 8 Wr. 9 ; 
 
 14 Wr. 240; 3 Or. 54; 2 S. 230. 
 On charter of company, 9 Wr. 410. 
 On divorce, 2 Wr. 241 ; 4 Wr. 151. 
 On marriage contract, 7 Wr. 67. 
 
 II. Legal. 
 
 1. What constitutes. 1 D. 424 ; 4 D. 86 ; 4 Y. 97 ; 10 
 
 ■ S. & R. 84. 142 ; 14 S. & R. 280 ; 16 S. & R. 345 ; 9 
 W. 34; 5 Barr 219, 326 ; 6 H. 316 ; 9 H. 228, 370 ; 
 4 Wr. 352 ; 5 Wr. 234 ; 12 Wr. 73 ; 14 Wr. 76 ; 1 S- 
 483 ; 19 S. 362. 
 
 2. Proof of. 
 
 General rules as to, 1 0. 413 ; 11 C. 440. 
 
372 FKAUD— FRAUDS AND PEEJUEIES. 
 
 FRAUD — continued. 
 
 By declarations of party, 4 Y. 280 ; 5 B. 109 ; 4 W. 85 ; 
 
 5 W. & S. 553; 2 H. 139, 288; 5 C. 479; 5 Wr. 
 
 234. 
 By acts of party, 4 D. 229; 11 S. & R. 134; 8 Barr 
 
 460; 13 Wr. 394. 
 
 3. Effect of. 
 
 On contract, 15 S. & R. 25 ; 4 R. 370 ; 5 Barr 145, 
 
 478; IH. 371; 6 H. 113; 2 J. 49. 
 On parties. 8^e ante, I. 4. 
 
 4. Notice of, 2 P. & W. 82 ; 3 P. & W. 160 ; 4 W. 424. 
 
 5. Confirmation of, 4 S. & R. 485; 5 S. & R. 226; 1 R. 
 
 121; 3 W. &S. 36; IH. 370. 
 
 6. Party estopped from pleading his own fraud, 4 Y. 
 
 280; 5 Barr 82; 12 H. 62. 
 
 7. Jurisdiction of Supreme Court in case of, 8 C. 145. 
 
 8. In service of writ in foreisn state no defence 
 
 herb, 11 Wr. 123. 
 
 9. Statute of Lii^itations runs from discovery of, 4 
 
 Wr. 199. 
 
 FRAUDS AND PERJURIES, STATUTE OF. 
 
 I. In force here, 1 D. 1 ; 4 D. 152. 
 
 II. To be sustained, 5 H. 491. 
 
 III. Duty op court under, 7 H. 468. 
 
 IV. Manner of construing, 1 D. 426, 427; 1 B. 378; 5 B. 
 
 131; 1 S. & R. 80; 14 S. & R. 354; 16S.&R. 286; 
 
 6 W. 815;, 1 Gr. 131, 149, 406; 2 Gr. 209; 6 S. 424. 
 
 V. Application of. 
 
 1. To contract relative to right of way, 6 S. & R. 71. 
 
 2. To contract for sale of timber. See Timber. 
 
 3. To sale by widow under will, 2 P. & W. 354. 
 
 4. To purchase by guardian, 2 W. 323. 
 
 6. To TRUSTS, 1 D. 447; 3 B. 302: 2 S. & R. 461, 521; 8 
 S. & R. 484, 492; 2 W. 323; 5 W. 27; 9 W. 32; 1 
 W. & S. 372. 
 
 6. To SHERIFF, 1 W. & S. 519; 12 C. 123. ' 
 
 7. To Orphans' Court sale, 1 W. & S. 519; 4 Barr 171; 
 
 7 Barr 426. 
 
 8. To transfer by tenant in common, 5 W. 146. 
 
 9. To PROMISE TO PAY DEBT OF ANOTHER, 3 D. 415, 425; 
 
 4 S. & R. 82 ; 6 Wh. 331 ; 8 Wr. 107 ; 9 Wr. 30, 186, 
 
FKAUDS AND PERJUKIES. 373 
 
 FRAUDS AND PERJURIES, STATUTE OF— continued. 
 350, 464; 12 Wr. 113, 286, 411; 14 Wr. 39, 85; 6 S. 
 368. See Assumption. 
 
 10. To PAROL PARTITION OF LANDS, 4 R. 411. 
 
 11. To PAROL BOUNDARY LINE, 11 C. 409; 9 S. 379. 
 
 12. To PAROL PURCHASE OF EQUITABLE USE IN LAND, 7 Barr 
 
 420; 1 Gr. 67; 2 Gr. 213. 
 
 13. Dobs not prevent recovery of damages for breach 
 
 of parol contract to convey, 4 d. 152 ; 1 b. 450 ; 
 9 Barr 285, 260; 1 Gr. 123. 
 
 14. To PAROL SALE OF LAND. 
 
 What cases are within, 1 D. 427; 4 D. 109; 1 B. 378; 
 1 S. & R. 84; 2 S. & R. 332, 335; 3 S. & R. 543; 
 6 S. & R. 90; 2 R. 53; 4 R. Ill; 3 P. & W. 332, 
 362, 364; 1 W. 69, 392; 3 W. 37, 125, 138, 235, 
 253; 5 W. 146, 368,493; 6W. 372, 464; 9 W. 85, 
 106, 107; 10 W. 195, 203; 2 Wh. 387; 6 Wh. 153; 
 
 1 W. & S. 372, 383, 388; 3 W. & S. 56; 7 W. 
 & S. 172; 9 W. & S. 44, 106; 1 Barr 374; 7 
 Barr 91, 157, 420; 9 Barr 54, 152, 157, 169, 260 
 449; 2 J. 117; 1H.16, 121; 2 H. 248 ; 5 H. 491 
 
 6 H. 459; 7 H. 461, 471; 8 H. 180; 10 H. 225 
 237; 12H.68; 10.137; 2 0.365,375; 7 0.472 
 9 0. 376; 1 Wr. 309. 419 ; 2 Wr. 60; 4 Wr. 206 
 
 7 Wr. 170, 441; 9 Wr. 345, 368; 12 Wr. 361; 1 
 Gr. 67, 131, 149, 301 406, 410; 3 Gr. 74; 1 S. 
 51; 3 S. 206, 332; 6 S. 19; 13 S. 335. 
 
 What are not within statute, 4 D. 152; 1 Y. 500, 
 513; 1 B. 131, 378, 450; 5 B. 129, 130; 1 S. & 
 R. 80, 84; 2 S. & R. 352, 407, 534; 3 S. & R. 228, 
 543, 546, 548; 14 S. & R. 185, 854; 2 P. & W. 
 478; 3 P. & W. 332, 862, 365; 1 W. 392; 3 W. 
 37, 138, 252, 255; 4 W. 305; 5 W. 493, 528; 6 W. 
 464; 9 W. 42, 85, 109; 10 W. 195, 203, 387, 389; 
 
 2 Wh. 387; 6 Wh. 153, 161 ; 1 W. & S. 889, 527, 
 554; 3 W. & S. 50, 56, 63; 4 W. & S. 149; 7 W. 
 & S. 172; 9 W. & S. 44, 49; 1 Barr 376, 379; 4 
 Barr 171; 7 Barr 91, 103, 157, 420; 8 Barr 83, 
 218, 827; 9 Barr 54, 169, 262; 1 J. 510; 2 J. 15, 
 117, 172; 1 H. 16, 20, 21; 2 H. 201, 260; 5 H. 
 491; 7 H. 251, 366, 467, 469, 471, 476 ; 8 H. 180 ; 
 9 H. 417; 10 H. 225, 237; 12 H. 28; 1 0. 34, 
 306; 2 0. 365, 519; 3 0. 30; 7 0. 401; 8 0. 289; 
 9 0. 305, 411; 10 0. 418, 525; 11 0. 805; 12 0. 
 510 ; 6 Wr. 171 ; 8 Wr. 107 ; 9 Wr. 80, 186, 850, 
 464; 12 Wr. 113, 286, 361, 411; 14 Wr. 39, 85; 
 
374 PEAUDS AND PERJUKIES— FEAUDULENT, &c. 
 
 FRAUDS AND PERJURIES, STATUTE OF— continued. 
 2 Gr. 209; 3 Gr. 74; 1 S. 51; 3S. 332; 6S.424; 
 14 S. 415; 17 S. 230. 
 
 15. What writing relative to is sufficient, 5 W. 528 ; 
 
 10 W. 387; 1 W. & S. 554, 558; 1 J. 503, 510; 2 
 J. 169, 170; 8 H. 80; 8 C. 287; 9 C. 411; 13 Wr. 
 88; 1 Gr. 209; 19 S. 480. 
 
 16. Effect of on kecovbky of damages for breach op 
 
 CONTRACT TO SELL, 4 D. 152; 1 B. 450; 4 W. 287; 
 7 W. 530; 10 W. 320; 1 W. & S. 387, 554; 2 W. & 
 S. 418; 9 Barr 235, 260; 4 H. 154; 7 H. 450, 467; 
 9H. 417; 7 0.22,259; 10 0.319; 110.23; 1 Wr. 
 419; 1 Gr. 123. 
 
 17. As TO SALE OF LAND BEYOND THE STATE, 6 S. 19. 
 
 FRAUDULENT ACKNOWLEDGMENT. See Deed. 
 
 FRAUDULENT ASSIGNMENT. See Assignment, I. 10. 
 
 FRAUDULENT BOND, 2 B. 154; 5 B. 73; 11 S. & R. 328; 
 12 H. 62 ; 3 0. 119 ; 3 S. 309. 
 
 FRAUDULENT OONOEALMENT, 1 Y. 307, 312 ; 2 Y. 89, 
 109 ; 3 Y. 33, 441 ; 3 S. & R. 327 ; 2 P. & W. 193; 2 Barr 
 376; 7 Barr 293; 10 Wr. 498; 12 Wr. 73. 
 
 FRAUDULENT OONTRACT. 
 
 1. Effect of on validity of municipal claim, 5 Wr. 68. 
 
 2. Confirmation of, 4 S. & R. 483, 487 ; 5 S. & R. 226, 
 
 234 ; 1 R. 121 ; 4 R. 273 ; 2 P. & W. 82 ; 3 Wh. 311 ; 3 
 W. & S. 36; 8 W. & S. 413; 2 Barr 479; 1 H. 370; 3 
 H. 428;4H. 200; 6 C. 478; 8 Wr. 9 ; 1 S. 373; 17 S. 
 217. 
 
 FRAUDULENT DEBT, 8 Barr 213. 
 
 FRAUDULENT DISTRESS. ^S-ee Distress. 
 
 FRAUDULENT DRAFT, 12 S. & R. 77. 
 
 FRAUDULENT INSOLVENCY. 
 Indictment for, 3 Y. 451; 5 Wh. 67. 
 
 FRAUDULENT INSURANCE, 14 Wr. 75. 
 
 FRAUDULENT INTENTION. 
 
 Proof of, 4 Wr. 467; 5 Wr. 234; 13 Wr. 394. 
 
 FRAUDULENT INTERMIXTURE OF GOODS, 1 Wr. 164 
 
FRAUDULENT JUDGMENT, &o. 375 
 
 FRAUDULENT JUDGMENT, 1 B. 61 ; 4 B. 61 ; 2 S. & R. 
 
 142; 11 S. & R. 328; 14 S. & R. 307; 1 R. 362; 1 W. 
 385; 2 W. 50; 3 P. & W. 72; 4 Wh. 42 ; 5 W. & S. 387, 
 474; 7 W. & S. 381 ; 9 W. & S. 189; 2 Barr 381 ; 3 Barr 
 52, 55; 6 Barr 490 ; 8 Barr 88 ; 10 Barr 184 ; 5 0. 387 ; 
 9 Wr. 71; 14 Wr. 138; 1 Gr. 169; 1 S. 373; 11 S. 415; 
 12 S. 409. 
 
 FRAUDULENT MORTGAGE. 
 Effect of. 
 
 1. On mortgagor, 6 S. & R. 531. 
 
 2. On dower, 6 S. & R. 531. 
 
 3. On parties, 4 D. 304; 5 S. & R. 275 ; 6 S. & R. 531 ; 
 
 11 S. &R. 134; 6 W. 453; 3 Barr 81; IJ. 212; 12 
 H. 62; 8 C. 90; 5 0. 219; 6 0. 478; 1 S. 873. 
 
 FRAUDULENT POSSESSION. 
 
 Of personal property. See Sale of Personal Property. 
 
 FRAUDULENT REPRESENTATION, 4 D. 250; 3 Y. 862; 
 3 S. & R. 20; 4 S. & R. 47; 7 S. & R. 480; 10 S. 
 & R. 290; 14 S. & R. 298; 8 R. 345; 9 W. 56 ; 5 W. 
 & S. 478; 8 W. & S. 36; 2 Barr 13, 105, 108, 122, 
 376; 3 Barr 21; 5 Barr 410, 467; 7 Barr 297; 1 H. 
 270; 5 H. 51; 7 H. 815; 8 H. 448; 9 H. 228, 367; 6 
 C. 97, 478; 4 Wr. 439; 11 Wr. 115; 14 Wr. 246; 3 Gr. 
 54, 288; 5 S. 279; 8 S. 126; 9 S. 84 ; 18 S. 29,347, 
 381. See Misrepresentation. 
 
 FRAUDULENT SETTLEMENT, 12 S. k R. 445 ; 5 R. 144. 
 
 FRAUDULENT SUBSCRIPTION FOR STOCK, 1 P. & W. 
 426. 
 
 FRAUDULENT TRANSFER OF PERSONAL PROPERTY, 
 4D. 208; 1 Y. 294; 4 B. 258; 4 S. & R. 128; 5 S. & R. 
 278; 10 S. & R. 401, 419, 201; 12 S. & R. 198 ; 13 S. & R. 
 128 ; 14 S. & R. 214 ; 8 P. & W. 129 ; 5 W. 28, 107, 485 ; 
 6 W. 29 ; 7 W. 434, 545; 2 Wh. 301, 828 ; 3 Wh. 370, 499 ; 
 6 Wh. 53 ; 2 W. & S. 147, 150 ; 6 W. & S. 94; 1 Barr 190; 
 
 8 Barr 224, 328, 442; 5 Barr 370; 6 Barr 121; 7 Barr 263; 
 
 9 Barr 445; 1 H. 182; 2 H. 100; 5 H. 316, 360; 10 H. 
 13 ; 5 0. 228 ; 2 Wr. 446 ; 4 Wr. 41, 64, 352 ; 8 Wr. 204, 
 407 ; 9 Wr. 449; 12 Wr. 68, 413 ; 13 Wr. 394 ; 14 Wr. 54 ; 
 1 Gr. 207; 9 S. 464; 11 S. 415; 15 S. 456; 19 S. 71, 352. 
 See also, Assignment; Husband. 
 
 FRAUDULENT TRANSFER OF REAL ESTATE, 2 D. 
 126; 1 Y. 291; 2 Y. 502, 503; 4 B. 258; 5 B. 109; 6 B. 
 344; 7 S. & R. 156; 8 S. & R. 444; 11 S. & R. 134; 12 S. 
 
376 FRAUDULENT TRANSFER— FREEHOLDER. 
 
 FRAUDULENT TRANSFER, kc— continued. 
 
 k R. 201, 448; 13 S. k R. 128; 1 R. 163, 231; 3 W. 230; 
 5 W. 378, 394, 404, 456; 7 W. 86, 387 ; 4 Wh. 26; 1 W. & 
 S. 128; 6 W. & S. 72; 2 Barr 38; 5 Barr 478; 6 Barr 239; 
 8 Barr 213; 2 J. 116; 1 H. 306, 584; 2 H. 489; 4 H. 50, 
 489 ; 7 H. 248 ; 9 H. 327, 495, 501 ; 10 H. 179, 245 ; 11 H. 
 484; 1 C. 56, 509; 3 C. 123, 151; 9 0. 232; 2 Wr. 446, 
 231, 352 ; 3 Wr. 499, 507 ; 6 Wr. 235, 330, 441 ; 8 Wr. 295; 
 
 14 Wr. 54 ; 1 Gr. 74 ; 2 Gr. 448 ; 3 S. 306 ; 13 S. 108, 284 ; 
 
 15 S. 97, 98 ; 17 S. 434; 18 S. 297, 495; 19 S. 21, 71. 
 
 When a question of fact, 5 W. 206; 4 Wr. 515; 6 Wr. 
 
 450; 8 Wr. 204; 9 Wr. lltS; 12 Wr. 68; 18 Wr. 
 
 394. 
 Proof of, 1 Barr 470; 2 Barr 38; 4 Barr 178; 3 C. 148; 
 
 4 Wr. 467;13 Wr. 394. 
 When a question of law, 3 C. 123. 
 Not inferred from omission to prove consideration, 6 H. 
 
 109. 
 Not inferred from omission to disclose vendee's knowledge 
 
 of value, 12 H. 347. 
 Voidable at will of creditors, 7 C. 241. 
 Validity of judgment subsequent to, 7 C. 241; 8 Wr. 
 
 95; 17 S. 434. 
 Effect of sheriff's sale on lien subsequent to, 7 W. 317 ; 2 
 
 J. 193; 1 C. 71; 7 C. 245; 9 C. 294. 
 
 FRAUDULENT VOTING. See Contested Election. 
 
 FRAUDULENT USE OF WRITINGS RESTRAINED, 8 
 W. & S. 96 ; 7 Barr 117 ; 9 Barr 275 ; 1 H. 46; 9 S. 59. 
 
 "FREE AND CLEAR OF ASSESSMENTS." 
 Meaning of, 4 Y. 386. 
 
 FREEDOM OF THE PRESS. 
 Discussed, 4 Y. 268. 
 
 FREEHOLD. 
 
 1. Who is tenant of, 7 W. 533. 
 
 2. What will destroy, 2 W. 45. 
 
 FREEHOLDER. 
 
 Privileges of. 
 
 1. As to capias ad satisfaciendum, 1 D. 246, 310, 348, 
 436; 3 D. 407; 3 B. 405, 407; 1 S. & R. 363; 
 3 S. & R. 139. 
 
FKEEHOLDEK^FRESI-I WATEE RIVERS. 377 
 
 FREEHOLDER— confmMfic^. 
 
 2. As TO ARREST OF TWO, ONE OF WHOM IS PRIVILESED, 
 
 15 S. 85. 
 
 3. as to writ of fieri facias, 1 d. 436 ; 6 b. 253. 
 
 4. Question as to whether defendant in execution is 
 
 A freeholder not reviewed in error, 15 S. 85. 
 
 FREE NEGROES. See Negroes. 
 
 FREIGHT. 
 
 1. When legally due, 2 D. 182 ; 4 B. 299 ; 5 B. 525, 595 ; 
 
 2 S. &R. 229, 553; 3 S. & R. 559. 
 
 2. Stipulation as to, in bill of lading, 1 W. & S. 222 ; 3 
 
 Wr. 317. 
 
 3. How afeected by capture, 12 S. & R. 37. See Capture. 
 
 4. How affected by abandonment, 3 B. 437 ; 12 S. & R. 
 
 437. 
 
 5. How affected by transfer of vessel, 9 Barr 489. 
 
 6. How affected by blockade, 3 S. & R. 559. 
 
 7. What included in insurance on, 4 D. 246; 2 B. 547. 
 
 8. Liability op underwriter for, 1 B. 405; 3 B. 437; 2 
 
 S. &R. 553; 1 R. 97. 
 
 9. Payment of, short op destination, 2 S. & R. 553. 
 
 10. Contract for partial, 2 Wr. 169. 
 
 11. Lien of shipmaster for, 5 B. 392 
 
 12. Local and extra territorial, discussed, 10 Wr. 211 ; 
 
 11 Wr. 338. 
 13. Forfeiture of, 5 S. & R. 122 ; 1 W. 39 ; 5 W. 446 ; 
 6 Wh. 435. 
 
 FRENCH CONSULAR CONVENTION. See Consular 
 Convention. 
 
 FRENCH PRIZE COURTS. 
 Powers of, 4 D. 308. 
 
 FRENCH SUBJECTS. 
 Suits between, 1 Y. 371. 
 
 FRESHET. 
 
 1. Effect of on contract for water power, 11 H. 106. 
 
 2. Damages for injury, occasioned by negligence concur- 
 
 ring WITH, 14 S. 106. 
 
 FRESH WATER RIVERS. 
 
 What are public higiiways, 2 B. 475. 
 
378 " FROM DAY TO DAY"— GAMING. 
 
 "PROM DAY TO DAY." 
 
 In statute, meaning of, 4 W. 362. 
 
 "FROM THE DATE." 
 
 In bond, meaning of, 15 S. & R. 136. 
 
 "FROM TIME TO TIME AND AT ALL TIMES HERE- 
 AFTER." 
 
 In bond of indemnity, 3 H. 409. 
 
 FRIVOLOUS PLEAS. See Pleading. 
 
 FUGITIVE. 
 
 1. Slaves. See Negroes. 
 
 2. From justice. 
 
 Arrest of, 6 H. 237 ; 1 Gr. 218. 
 
 Liability of county for expense of, 8 0. 540. 
 
 FULL AGE. 
 
 1. In males, 1 D. 166; 5 Barr 97. 
 
 2. In females, 1 Gr. 51. 
 
 FUNERAL EXPENSES. See Accounts; Administrator; 
 Executor. 
 
 FURNACE. 
 
 What passes by sheriff's sale of, 9 Wr. 475. 
 
 FUTURE DISCOUNTS. 
 
 Validity of lien for, 8 Wr. 423 ; 9 Barr 86. 
 
 FUTURE ESTATES. 
 When void, 3 Gr. 164. 
 
 FUTURE LIABILITY. 
 
 1. Mortgage to indemnify against, 1 Y. 253; 5 B. 538, 
 
 585 ; 17 S. & R. 422 ; 1 W. 140 ; 6 W. 57 ; 12 H. 37-2 ; 
 2 Barr 96; 9 Barr 86; 8 C. 392; 12 C. 170; 2 Wr. 
 382 ; 8 Wr. 423 ; 9 Wr. 49 ; 3 Gr. 300 ; 7 S. 360 ; 10 
 S. 195; 18 S. 212 ; 19 S. 380. See Mortgage. 
 
 2. Judgment to indemnify against, 1 Y. 253 ; 5 B. 538, 
 
 585 ; 6 W. 67 ; 2 Barr 96 ; 9 Barr 86 ; 12 C. 170 ; 9 Wr. 
 49 ; 2 S. 458. See Judgment. 
 
 FUTURE SURETYSHIP. 
 
 Contract for, 3 Barr 357. 
 
 GAMING. 
 
 Loss by not recoverable out of forfeited recognisance, 2 C. 165. 
 Notes given for money lost by, 1 H. 601, 603. 
 
GAMING- CONTRACTS— GAENISHEE. 379 
 
 GAMINO CONTRACTS. See Wager. 
 
 GAOL INSPECTOR. 
 
 Duty of under Act of 1792, 3 Y. 443. 
 
 GAOL KEEPER. 
 
 1. Right of. 
 
 To compensation, 4 Y. 184. 
 
 2. Liability. 
 
 For escape, 5 W. 141 ; 5 C. 445. 
 
 GARNISHEE. 
 
 I. Who may be made, 1 D. 335; 2 D. 74, 97, 277; 2 Wh. 
 
 332; 4 W. & S. 342; 5 W. & S. 100; 7'W. & S. 376, 
 379, 432; 2 Barr 347; 5 Barr 492; 9 Barr 69; 1 H. 
 223, 306; 12 H. 23; 1 C. 302, 362; 2 C. 340; 5 C. 173; 
 7 C. 114; 8 C. 384; 11 C. 22, 155; 12 C. 28; 1 Gr. 
 457. 
 
 II. Status of, after service of writ, 9 S. 51. 
 
 III. Rights of. 
 
 1. To RETAIN ATTACHEI) DEBT UNTIL MATURITY, 1 Y. 255 ; 
 
 7 W. 12. 
 
 2. To testify on scire facias, 5 S. & R. 476 ; 10 Barr 
 
 61; 7 C. 114; 8 Wr. 253; 1 S. 387. 
 
 3. To DEFEND AGAINST ATTACHING CREDITOR, 1 B. 25 ; 2 
 
 H. 204; 8 0. 412; 10 C. 299 ; 12 C. 214; 2 Gr. 245, 
 472; 4S. 380, 398; 7 S. 129. 
 
 4. To SET OFF, 4 D. 291 ; 1 H. 552; 6 H. 96 ; 11 0. 338; 
 
 1 Wr. 491; 2 Wr. 97, 217 ; 2 Gr. 245, 472; 3 Gr. 81, 
 472; 3 S. 108; 19 S. 409. 
 
 5. To PLEAD ATTACHMENT IN SUIT BY DEBTOR, 2 W. & S. 
 
 190 ; 4 Barr 248 ; 9 Barr 81 ; 1 S. 357, 362, 387 ; 4 S. 
 398. 
 
 6. To STAY OF EXECUTION, 2 R. 227. 
 
 7. To ENTER BAIL, 2 Gr. 407. 
 
 8. To DEFEND ON PLEA OF FORMER RECOVERY, 4 R. 100. 
 
 9. To DEFEND ON PLEA OF PREVIOUS ASSIGNMENT, 12 S. & 
 
 R. 287 ; 1 Barr 263 ; 7 Barr 90 ; 2 J. 167 ; 9 H. 443 ; 14 
 W^r. 230; 7 S. 129, 225; 19 S. 409. See also. Assign- 
 ment, XXIV. 18, and Foreign Attachment XII. 2. 
 
 10. To defend ON PLEA OF DEATH OF DEFENDANT, 8 W. & 
 
 S. 207. 
 
 11. To DEFEND ON PLEA OP IRREGULARITY OF PROCEEDINGS, 
 
 2 Barr 102; 6 H. 96 ; 8 Wr. 288 ; 2 Gr. 245. 
 
380 aARNISHBE. 
 
 GAEmSREE— continued. 
 
 12. To COSTS, 2 D. 263 ; 1 B. 25; 5 S. & R. 446; 1 Barr 
 213; 9 Barr 468. 
 
 IV. Duty of. 
 
 1. As TO money in hand over and above amount at- 
 
 tached, 13 S. & R. 224 ; 8 W. & S. 350. 
 
 2. As TO contest with attaching creditor, 1 B. 25 ; 2 
 
 W. & S. 190 ; 2 H. 204 ; 14 Wr. 218 ; 3 Gr. 81, 232. 
 
 3. Where creditor has become bankrupt, 3 Barr 109. 
 
 4. To retain eund until attachment is disposed op, 8 
 
 W. & S. 350 ; 3 Barr 109. 
 
 5. On suit oe third party on attached claim, 4 W. 390. 
 
 6. When engaged as carriers, 2 C. 340 ; 1 Wr. 399. 
 
 7. Appropriation of payments on attached debts, 13 
 
 Wr. 147. 
 . 8. As to claim op exemption for defendant, 2 Gr. 472. 
 
 V. Liability op. 
 
 1. Generally, 12 S. & R. 287; 2 C. 97; 9 Wr. 488; 9 
 
 S. 51; 15 S. 336. 
 
 2. For interest, 2 D. 215 ; 1 Y. 274; 18 S. & R. 224; 9 
 
 Barr 468 ; 7 Wr. 488; 8 Wr. 82 ; 1 S. 387; 6 S. 234; 
 
 9 S. 361; 14 S. 63. 
 
 3. As bailee op attached property, 1 Wr. 399 ; 4 Wr. 
 
 248; 2 C. 340; 3 S. 408; 4 S. 84. 
 
 4. To JUDGMENT ON ANSWER, 2 D. 113 ; 1 R. 169 ; 7 Barr 
 
 231; 2 C. 102; 4 Wr. 419; 8 Wr. 82; 14 Wr. 224; 9 
 S. 361. 
 
 5. To SCIRE FACIAS BEFORE WRIT OP INJURY W. DEFENDANT, 
 
 10 S. & R. 109. 
 
 6. To SCIRE FACIAS FOR NOT ANSWERING INTERROGATORIES, 
 
 4 W. & S. 342 ; 12 H. 23 ; 5 0. 396. 
 
 7. On payment of attached debt without compulsion, 
 
 IB. 25; 3H. 111. 
 
 8. For mispayment, 3 Barr 109. 
 
 9. For money due at time of attachment, 8 W. & S. 
 
 350, 420; 3 Barr 109; 10 Barr 61 ; 8 H. 412. 
 
 10. For money due at time op answer, 8 W. 420 ; 8 W. 
 
 & S. 350, 426 ; 3 Barr 109; 5 Barr 492; 10 Barr 61 ; 
 8H. 412; 14 Wr. 216. 
 
 11. Before receipt of funds, 5 Barr 492; 14 Wr. 216. 
 
 12. When narr. is in assumpsit, 10 S. & R. 109. 
 
G-AENISHBE. 381 
 
 GAR'NIBR'EE— continued. 
 
 13. For costs, 2 D. 113; 5 S. & R. 447; 2 C. 102 ; 1 Barr 
 
 213; 7 Wr. 488; 8 Wr. 82. 
 
 14. To SUIT BY HOLDER OF PROPERTY PENDING THE ATTACH- 
 
 MENT, 1 S. 357. 
 
 15. On dissolution op attachment, 6 Wr. 500. 
 
 VI. Interrogatories to. 
 
 1.. As to form, 4 "W. & S. 342. 
 
 2. Service of, 4 S. & R. 147 ; 9 S. 51. 
 
 3. Rule to answer, 2 C. 106 ; 9 S. 51. 
 
 4. Answer to, 4 S. & R. 147 ; 1 R. 163 ; 14 Wr. 218 ; 9 S. 
 
 361. 
 
 5. Admissibility of in evidence on scire facias 
 
 against, 7 W. 150. 
 
 6. Demurrer to answer, 3 Gr. 81. 
 
 7. Traverse of answer, 2 Barr 310. 
 
 8. Judgment on answer, 2 D. 113 ; 1 R. 169 ; 7 Barr 231 ; 
 
 2 C. 102; 4 Wr. 419; 8 Wr. 82 ; 14 Wr. 224; 9 S. 361. 
 
 9. Judgment for omitting to answer, 9 S. 51. 
 
 VII. Scire facias against. 
 
 1. General rules relative to, 10 S. & R. 109 ; 2 Barr 
 
 102, 310. 
 
 2. Effect of on parties, 9 S. 51. 
 
 3. Effect of general appearance to, 6 Wr. 500 ; 13 
 
 Wr. 21. 
 
 4. Pleas in, 1 Y. 177; 5 Wh. 286; 2 Barr 311; 3 Gr. 
 
 81, 472; 1 S. 273 ; 7 S. 129, 415; 15 S. 336. 
 
 5. Issue in, 5 Wh. 286; 2 Barr 311; 3 Gr. 81; IS. 269, 
 
 271; 7 S. 130,415. 
 
 6. Evidence in. 
 
 For plaintiff, 2 D. 75, 211; 1 Y. 177; 1 B. 481; 3 B. 
 
 416; 10 S. & R. 109; 7 W. 150; 1 Wr. 433: 4 Wr. 
 
 248; 3 Gr. 81; 7 S. 129. 
 Foj garnishee, 1 Y. 177 ; 7 W. 12; 2 Barr 198; 10 C. 
 
 128; 1 Wr. 491; 2 Wr. 217; 3 Gr. 81; 1 S. 387; 7 
 
 S. 129; 20 S. 249. 
 Competency of witnesses in, 5 S. & R. 476; 10 Barr 61 ; 
 
 7 C. 114; 8 Wr. 253; 1 S. 387. 
 Admissibility of depositions in, 2 D. 78. 
 Admissibility of answers in, 7 W. 150. 
 
 7. Verdict in, 2 R. 227; 5 Wh. 280; 2 H. 105; 5 C. 
 
 390; 11 C. 308; 1 S. 387; 7 S. 415; 18 S. 495. 
 
382 GAKNISHEE— GENEEAL ENDORSEMENTS. 
 
 1 
 
 GARNISHEE— eoTiimwecZ. 
 
 8. Judgment in, 5 Wh. 280; 6 Wh. 81; 5 Barr 491; 7 
 
 Barr 231; 2 C. 97, 102; 2 Wr. 1-2; 4 Wr. 419; 1 S. 
 387; 7S. 415; 9 S. 361. 
 
 9. Interest on. See ante, V. 2. 
 
 10. Costs on. See ante, V. 13. 
 
 11. Distribution op attached property among cred- 
 
 itors, 3 S. 408. 
 
 12. "Writ oe error on, 2 C. 403. 
 
 13. Validity of judgment in other states, 7 W. & S. 
 
 47 ; IJ. 395. 
 VIII. Effect of dissolution of attachment on garnishee, 
 6 Wr. 500. 
 
 GAS COMPANY. 
 
 1. Taxation of, 6 C. 232. 
 
 2. Rights and liability of in Philadelphia, 7 C. 175. 
 
 GAS FIXTURES. 
 
 Personal property, 9 C. 522. 
 
 GAUGER. 
 Of oil. 
 
 Fees of not attachable, 12 Wr. 270. 
 
 GAZETTEER. 
 
 Admissibility of in evidence, 2 Barr 240. 
 
 GENERAL APPEARANCE. See Appearance. 
 GENERAL ASSEMBLY. See Legislature. 
 
 GENERAL AVERAGE. 
 
 1. Defined, 1 C. 366. 
 
 2. What is subject to, 4 D. 274 ; 1 Y. 464; 4 B. 513; 2 
 
 S. & R. 229 ; 11 S. & R. 61 ; 4 Wh. 301, 310, 360. 
 
 3. Liability of insurer for, 4 D. 454 ; 1 Y. 404. 
 
 4. Liability of carrier for, 4 Wh. 301. 
 
 5. Liability of owner for, 3 B. 295 ; 4 Wh. 301 ; 1 C. 366. 
 
 6. Abandonment for, 1 Y. 464 ; 4 B. 502. 
 
 7. Computation of, IB. 405; 8 S. & R. 103; 1 C. 366. 
 
 8. Interest on contribution for, 8 S. & R. 103. 
 
 GENERAL BILL. See Bill in Equity. 
 GENERAL DEMURRER. See Demurrer. 
 GENERAL ENDORSEMENTS. See Bills and Notes. 
 
GENERAL EXCEPTION— GIFT. 383 
 
 GENERAL EXCEPTION. See Exceptions. 
 
 GENERAL FAILURE OF ISSUE. 
 Implication of, 6 H. 72, 95. See Issue. 
 
 GENERAL IMPARLANCE. See Imparlance. 
 
 GENERAL ISSUE. See Issue. 
 
 GENERAL LEGACY. See Legacy ; Will. 
 
 GENERAL RELIEF. See Equity. 
 
 GENERAL REPUTATION. 
 
 Admissibility of evidence of, 2 S. & R. 236 ; 3 S. & R. 49, 
 336; 5 S. & R. 352; 10 S. & R. 35, 282; 11 S. & R. 
 198; 1 P. & W. 297; 3 P. & W. 49; 5 W. 411; 9 W. 
 124; 3 W. & S. 127; 5 W. & S. 364; 6 Barr 170; 3 
 H. 51 ; 9 H. 274; 12 H. 401, 408; 7 C. 198; 10 C. 114; 
 2 Wr. 104; 4 Wr. 467; 8 Wr. 452; 11 Wr. 198; 13 
 Wr. 210. See Chakacter. 
 
 GENERAL WARRANTY. See Warranty. 
 
 GEORGIA. 
 
 Records of. 
 
 1. When evidence, 2 R. 532. 
 
 2. Sequestration of British debts by, 3 D. 4, 5. 
 
 3. Confiscation Act of, construed, 4 D. 14. 
 
 GERMAN PASSENGERS. 
 
 Provision for support of, 3 Y. 443, 444. 
 
 GIBSON, J. B. 
 
 Eulogy on, by Black, 0. J., 7 H. 9. 
 
 GIFT. 
 
 I. Defined, 7 H. 469; 6 S. 170. 
 
 II. Op personal property. 
 
 1. Inter vivos, 4 S. & R. 545; 1 W. 271; 5 Barr 259 ; 9 
 
 S. 281. 
 
 2. By wife to husband, 9 Wr. 530 ; 14 Wr. 382 ; 10 S. 
 
 408. See Husband ; Married Women. 
 
 3. By husband to wife, 11 S. 52. See Husband ; Mar- 
 
 ried Women. 
 
 4. Presumption as to, 11 H. 265; 5 S. 414. 
 
 5. To FATHER IN TRUST, 7 W. 547. 
 
 6. Distinguished from loan or advancement, 1 W. & S. 
 
 390; 11 H. 85; 8 Wr. 97; 1 Gr. 369; 13 S. 309. 
 
 7. Delivery when necessary, 4 S. & R. 545; 2 W. & 
 
384 GIFT— GOODS AND CHATTELS. 
 
 S. 9; 3 W. & S. 14; 7 Barr 100, 251; 10 Barr 391 ; 
 5 C. 50, 407, 534; 9 C. 268: 8 Wr. 97; 2 Gr. 57; 6 
 S. 166; 9S. 281; 11 S. 52, 54. 
 
 8. Extinguishment of debt by, 7 Barr 251 ; 8 Barr 286. 
 
 9. Promise of, 3 W. & S. 256; 1 H. 285; 18 S. 231. 
 
 10. Revocation of, 9 S. 281. 
 
 11. Testamentaky, 5 Barr 251; 6 S. 166. See also, Do- 
 
 natio MoRTUs Causa. 
 III. Of land. 
 
 1. By parol, 1 B. 878; 3 P. & W. 362: 3 W. 252; 4 W. 
 
 805; 6 W. 509; 7 W. 530; 10 W. 204; 2 Wh. 387; 
 1 W. & S. 383; 1 Barr 374; 7 Barr 91, 108; 2 J. 
 178; 7 H. 461, 471 ; 2 C. 372, 519; 2 Gr. 117; 3 S. 
 110; 6 S. 895. See Fraud, Statute of. 
 
 2. Proof of, 2 J. 173; 7 H. 461; 2 Gr. 117; 3 S. 108. 
 8. Rebuttal of claim under, 2 J. 178. 
 
 4. For charitable uses. See Charitable Uses. 
 
 5. Restraints on, discussed, 4 Wh. 128; 8 Wr. 43; 9 
 
 Wr. 89. 
 
 6. To husband, 9 Wr. 530 ; 14 Wr. 382. 
 
 7. To children not to be brought into hotchpot, 1 B. 
 
 378; 3 P. & W. 362; 4 Wh. 523; 6 Wh. 87, 870; 7 
 H. 483; 2 C. 372; 1 Gr. 869; 6 S. 395. See Ad- 
 vancement. 
 
 GIRARD COLLEGE. 
 
 Election and removal of steward of, 4 S. 233. 
 
 GIRARD, STEPHEN. 
 
 Will of, discussed, 4 R. 325; 1 Wh. 490; 5 H. 104; 9 C. 9; 
 9 Wr. 9; 1 Gr. 494; 4 S. 233. 
 
 GOING WITNESS. 
 Testimony of. See Depositions. 
 
 GOOD BEHAVIOR. 
 
 Security for. 
 
 1. When required, 2 Y. 437; 1 B. 198; 10 Barr 839. 
 
 2. By whom taken, 3 Y. 98. 
 
 8. Breach of recognisance for, 8 Y. 93, 898. 
 
 4. Evidence in action for breach of recognisance, 8 
 Y. 128. 
 
 GOODS AND CHATTELS. 
 What included in, 2 Y. 162. 
 
GOODS AND MOVABLES— GOVEKNOK. 385 
 
 GOODS AND MOVABLES. 
 
 Meaning of in will, 2 D. 142; 1 Y. 101; 2 W. 61. 
 
 GOODS, WARES AND MERCHANDISE. 
 
 1. What is included in, 2 Wh. 155, 161. 
 
 2. Sale of proved by account book, 3 Wh. 75. 
 
 GOODWILL. 
 
 1. Defined, 12 S. 81. 
 
 2. When property, 12 S. 81. 
 
 3. Price of when not assets of estate op deceased 
 
 OWNER OF business, 10 S. 161. 
 
 4. Duty of person selling, 10 S. 458. 
 
 5. Violation of contract for sale of, 10 S. 458. 
 
 GOVERNMENT. 
 
 1. Nature and object of, 1 D. 57. 
 
 2. Division of powers of, 2 D. 411, 473; 2 Y. 360. 
 
 3. Rights of. 
 
 Over private property in war, 1 D. 357. 
 
 Over private property in peace. See Eminent Domain. 
 
 GOVERNOR. 
 
 I. Rights of. 
 
 1. To refuse to produce official papers, 2 S. & R. 23. 
 
 II. Powers of. 
 
 1. To appoint subordinate officers, 1 D. 187; 1 Y. 
 
 180; 3 S. & R. 145; 5 S. & R. 451 ; 4 Wh. 199. 
 
 2. To revoke commissions, 7 Wr. 372. 
 
 3. To convene courts martial, 3 S. & R. 590. 
 
 4. To REVIEW decision op courts martial, 3 S. & R. 590. 
 
 5. To issue commission pending contested election, 7 
 
 Wr. 384. 
 
 6. To remit penalties, 4 S. & R. 451 ; 9 W. 142 ; 3 Barr 
 
 126; 4 C. 297. 
 
 7. To remit costs, 4 S. & R. 450, 451; 2 Wh. 440; 4 
 
 Barr 144 ; 7 Wr. 33; 9 Wr. 372; 10 Wr. 351, 446; 11 
 S. 495. 
 
 8. Over forfeited recognisances in criminal cases, 9 
 
 W. 142; 11 S. 495. 
 
 9. Over repealed statute, 2 0. 446. 
 10. To pardon. See Pardon. 
 
 III. Liability of. 
 
 For official acts, 2 D. 248. 
 25 
 
386 GKACE DAYS— GRAND JURY. 
 
 GRACE DAYS. 
 To what paper applicable. See Bills and Notes ; Checks. 
 
 GRADING AND EXCAVATING. 
 
 By adjoining lot owners, 4 Wr. 396. 
 
 GRADING AND PAVING STREETS. 
 
 1. Liability op municipal cobpobation for injury done 
 
 BY, 11 C. 324. See Municipal Corporations. 
 
 2. Lien eor costs of. See Municipal Lien. 
 
 3. Assessment for cost of, 12 C. 64 ; 10 Wr. 358, 365. 
 
 GRAIN IN GROUND. See Crops. 
 
 GRANDCHILDREN. 
 
 1. When included in word "children" in will, 4 W. 
 
 82; 2 Wh. 276; 9 H. 310; 4 Wr. 231; 13 Wr. 213; 
 3 S. 74. • 
 
 2. Bequest to, 5 B. 601: 5 S. & R. 38; 5W. & S. 254; 11 
 
 H. 389; 4 C. 467; 10 C. 23; 1 S. 282; 2 S. 269. 
 
 3. Devise to, 10 Barr 79. 
 
 4. Right of under bequest "to issue op deceased child- 
 
 ren," 8 Barr 229; 1 S. 288. 
 
 5. Acceptance op real estate by, 1 D. 353. 
 
 6. Descent to. 
 
 Paramount to parent, 5 R. 213; 5 W. 25: 9 W. 352: 
 
 4 Wh. 130; 7 S. 182. 
 By representation, 9 W. 352; 7 S. 179, 182; 10 S. 380. 
 
 7. Liability of, 9 W. 352; 7 S. 179, 182. 
 
 8. Right op. 
 
 To support from grandparent, 8 Wr. 399. 
 
 GRAND JURY. 
 
 I. Selection of. 
 
 Effect of irregularity in, 1 C. 169. 
 
 II. Powers of. 
 
 1. To EXAMINE witnesses, 1 D. 236. 
 
 .2. On ignored bills, 3 W. 56. 
 
 3. Where there are several counts, 2 S. 424; 17 S. 
 203. 
 
 III. Duty OF. 
 
 1. As TO charge of court, 4 D. 224. 
 
 2. As TO indictment without previous examination 
 
 BEFORE magistrate, 17 S. 30. 
 
GEAND JUKY— GRANTEE. 387 
 
 GRAND JURY— continued. 
 
 3. As TO RETURN OF BILLS OP INDICTMENT, 9 Barr 354. 
 
 4. To REFUSE TO ENTERTAIN CHARGES MADE BY VOLUNTEERS 
 
 BEFORE THEM, 17 S. 30. 
 
 IV. Record of finding. 
 
 When sufficient, 14 Wr. 9. 
 
 GRANDPARENT. 
 
 Liability of to support grandchildren, 8 Wr. 399. 
 
 GRANT. 
 
 I. Presumption of, 3 S. & R. 507 ; 10 S. & R. 383 ; 3 P. & 
 
 W. 428; 8 W. 51; 2 Wh. 426; 10 Barr 126; 6 Wr. 102; 
 12 Wr. 361; 8 0.434. 
 
 II. Covenant implied in, 11 S. & R. 109, 
 
 III. Of land. 
 
 1. How AFFECTED BY ACTS OP GRANTOR AND PUBLIC USE, 6 
 
 Wr. 132. 
 
 2. For special purpose, construed, 3 Barr 436. 
 
 3. For public use, 6 Wr. 132. 
 
 4. Proof op parol, 4 Wr. 206. 
 
 5. Revocation op, 5 Wr. 380. 
 
 6. By Oommonwbalth, construed, 2 0. 355. 
 
 7. By municipal corporation, construed, 2 C. 355. 
 
 8. Of way, 1 S. & R. 227 ; 6 S. & R. 71 ; 3 R. 82 ; 1 Wh. 
 
 332 ; 5 W. & S. 205; 8 W. & S. 464; 10 Barr 126 ; 7 
 H. 19; 8H. 455; 9 0. 131. 
 
 9. Use under, distinguished prom use by prescription, 
 
 9 C. 169. 
 10. Of income, effect of, 3 R. 480; 4 R. 440, 450; 4 W. 
 130; 6 W. 14; 6 Wh. 78; 8 Wr. 245; 11 Wr. 376; 13 
 Wr. 333; 3 S. 79; 9 S. 70, 73; 11 S. 478; 14 S. 261, 
 268, 274. jSee Income. 
 
 GRANT AND ENFEOFF. 
 Effect of in deed, 16 S. & R. 98. 
 
 GRANT, BARGAIN AND SELL. 
 
 1. Meaning op in deed. See Deed. 
 
 2. Meaning op in agreement, 4 Y. 295; 1 R. 377. 
 
 3. Breach op covenants created by, 5 Barr 319 ; 8 S. 
 
 480. 
 
 GRANTEE. See Vendee ; Easement. 
 
388 GKANTOK— GKOUND-RENT. 
 
 GRANTOR. See Vendor. 
 
 GRASS UNCUT. 
 
 When not emblements, 14 S. 134. 
 
 GRATUITOUS SERVICES. See Bailee ; Services. 
 
 GREEN AND COATES PASSENGER RAILWAY. 
 Contract for sale of, construed, 14 S. 79. 
 
 GREENCASTLE. 
 Act of 1867, relative to water in, construed, 15 S. 444. 
 
 GEOOM. 
 
 Lien, of, on horse committed to his care, 2 S. 523. 
 
 GROUND -RENT. 
 
 1. What constitutes, 2 Y. 24; 3 R. 159; 5 Wh. 407. 
 
 2. When an executed contract, 6 Barr 433. 
 
 3. Is A RENT SERVICE, 9 W. 258; 1 Wh. 336; 8 Wr. 492; 
 
 11 Wr. 452. 
 
 4. Act op April 25, 1850, relative to, construed', 2 H. 
 
 155; 9 H. 451. 
 
 5. Who liable for, 1 D. 307; 3 P. & W. 461; 5 Barr 13; 
 
 2 H. 108, 619; 3 H. 195; 6 H. 9; 4 S. 130. 
 
 6. Deed on, avoided for alteration, 8 Wr. 492. 
 
 7. Covenant in, construed, 4 Y. 386; 1 R. 89; 2 R. 252; 
 
 3 P. & W. 461 ; 3 W. 60; 9 C, 442, 451 ; 8 W. & S. 
 185; 8 W. 181; 13 Wr. 13; 4 S. 130; 14 S. 311. 
 
 8. How FAR PERSONAL, 9 Wr. 537; 11 Wr. 283. 
 
 9. Lien op, 6 B. 652 ; 8 W. & S. 381 ; 7 Barr 154; 3 Wr 
 
 31; 11 Wr. 283. 
 
 10. Indemnity op grantor by grantee for rents, 4 S. 130. 
 
 11. Covenant for by married women, 4 S. 302. 
 
 12. Payment of. 
 
 Out of land, 1 B. 349 ; 4 W. 98 ; 9 W. 262 ; 1 Wh. 337 ; 
 
 8 W. & S. 186 ; 2 H. 444. 
 Preference as to, 2 B. 146 ; 4 R. 146 ; 8 W. & S. 381. 
 Out of personal property, 10 H. 510 ; 9 Wr. 637 ; 11 
 
 Wr. 283. 
 Out of proceeds of sheriff's sale, 8 W. & S. 381 ; 9 W. & 
 
 S. 180, 189; 2 Barr 96, 146. 
 In treasury notes where gold and silver coin was stipulated 
 
 for, 1 S. 425; 2 S. 9, 71, 109 j 11 S. 263. 
 
 13. Remedies for collection, 17 S. & R. 84; 1 R. 165; 4 
 
 R. 146; 3 P. & W. 461; 9 W. 268; 2 Wh. 208; 6 
 Barr 433; 6 H. 9; 7 H. 227; 10 H. 610; 9 Wr. 537. 
 
GEOUND-RENT. 389 
 
 GROUND-RIJNT— conimMfic?. 
 
 14. Judgment foe arrears of, 6 Barr 433; 7 H. 227; 10 
 
 H. 510. 
 
 15. Recovery of, when improperly paid, 7 Barr 486. 
 
 16. Set-off allowed in distress for, 4 W. 98. 
 
 17. Presumption of payment of, 1 Wh. 228; 7 Barr 154; 9 
 
 0. 485; 14 S. 55. 
 
 18. Presumption arising from receipt of, 7 Barr 588. 
 
 19. Application of Statute of Limitations to, 11 H. 88 ; 9 
 
 C. 435 ; 9 Wr. 537. 
 
 20. Interest on arrears of, 2 B. 146, 148, 196; 4 Wh. 220, 
 
 516; 2 Barr 96; 9 C. 435. 
 
 21. Relief from, 8 W. & S. 181; 7 H. 391; 8 H. 206. 
 
 22. Suspension of, 7 H. 391; 8 H. 200. 
 
 23.' Extinguishment of, 1 Wh. 228, 336 ; 6 Wh. 277 ; 8 W. 
 & S. 183; 1 H. 16; 4 C. 151; 9 C. 47; 8 Wr. 404; 9 
 Wr. 537; 14 S. 55, 813; 17 S. 479. 
 
 24. Right of landlord for damages for opening railroad 
 
 or street through land subject to, 3 wh. 357; 6 c. 
 363; 2 Gr. 248. 
 
 25. Bill of interpleader to extinguish, 14 S. 313. 
 
 26. Assignment of, 10 Barr 284; 8 Wr. 404; 11 Wr. 214. 
 
 27. Rights and duties of grantee of, 4 Y. 386 ; 2 Barr 228 ; 
 
 10 Barr 282; 14 S. 95. 
 
 28. Apportionment of, 4 W. 98 ; 9 W. 262 ; 1 Wh. 337 ; 8 Wh. 
 
 857; 6 C. 362; 1 S. 420. 
 
 29. Merger of, 8 Wr. 81, 10 Wr. 489. 
 
 30. Redemption of, 1 R. 89 ; 1 S. 425; 2 S. 9, 109; 4 S. 
 
 71; 11 S. 263. 
 
 31. Release of, 1 Wh. 886 ; 5 Wh. 524 ; 6 W. & S. 447 ; 
 
 2 Barr 227. 
 
 32. Taxation of, 4 W. 98; 1 Wh. 72; 7 Barr 161. 
 
 33. Transfer of land subject to. 
 
 By private sale. 
 
 Rights of vendee, 5 Barr 193 ; 6 Barr 433 ; 6 H. 9 ; 
 
 11 H. 88. 
 Liability of vendee, 5 Barr 193; 6 H. 9 ; 8 H. 281 ; 
 11 H. 88. 
 By judicial sale. 
 
 Right of sheriff's vendee, 1 R. 155; 8 H. 281; 11 Wr. 
 344. 
 
390 GROUND-RENT— GUAKANTOR. 
 
 GROUND-RENT— con^mwec?. 
 
 Liability of sheriff's vendee, 2 R. 159; 6 C. 348; 11 
 Wr. 344. 
 By devise, 5 W. & S. 198; 2 H. 444; 11 Wr. 12. 
 By treasurer's sale for taxes, 1 Barr 349. 
 34. Action for. 
 
 Jurisdiction of justices in, 3 P. & W. 461 ; 9 H. 450. 
 Within Affidavit of Defence Law, 2 Wh. 208. 
 Evidence in, 4 Wh. 516; 2 Barr 282; 8 H. 200 ; 11 C. 
 
 108; 9 Wr. 53T. 
 Judgment in, 11 Wr. 214. 
 Execution for, 6 Barr 433. 
 
 Rights of surety for stay of, 11 Wr. 214. 
 
 GUARANTOR. 
 I. Rights op. 
 
 1. To HAVE PRINCIPAL FIRST PURSUED FOR DEBT, 14 S. & 
 
 R. 32; 3P. & W. 18; 2 W. 128; 8 W. 361; 10 W. 
 259; 3 H. 293; 1 C. 210; 3 C. 317; 5 C. 176; 6 C. 
 205; 7 C. 110; 12 C. 89; 6 Wr. 320; 10 Wr. 243; 
 2 S. 190. 
 
 2. On PAYMENT OF GUARANTEED CLAIM, 2 W. & S. 210 ; 4 
 
 C. 233; 6 C. 205. 
 
 3. Where time has been given to principal, 9 Barr 83. 
 
 4. To NOTICE OF acceptance OF, 4 D. 133, 134 ; 9 Barr 
 
 320; 2 0. 153; 6 G. 460. 
 
 5. When for future credit, 2 C. 150 ; 3 Wr. 421. 
 IL Liability of. 
 
 1. Generally, 3 Wr. 421 ; 4 Wr. 369; 10 Wr. 243, 420; 
 
 12 Wr. 113; 13 Wr. 259; 1 Gr. 228; 2 S. 438. 
 
 2. After waiver of dub diligence against principal, 
 
 8 Barr 304. 
 
 3. As to past and future indebtedness, 3 Wr. 421. 
 
 4. After judgment against principal, 9 C. 186. 
 
 5. Where debtor is insolvent at time of payment, 9 
 
 S. & R. 292; 8 W. 361 ; 3 H. 293; 1 0. 210; 9 S. 
 179, 182. 
 
 6. Insolvency of principal, proof of, 5 C. 126; 6 0. 
 
 205. 
 
 7. After notice of suit against principal, 4 B. 52 ; 8 
 
 S. & R. 110; 1 Barr 501; 2 Barr 30. 
 
 8. Effect of promise by, after failure of principal, 
 
 1 Gr. 228. 
 
GUARANTOK— GUARANTY. 391 
 
 GJIAUANTOR— continued. 
 
 9. To CONTRIBUTION, 2 S. 525. 
 
 III. For payment of rent. 
 
 What will release, 6 0. 205. 
 
 GUARANTY. 
 
 1. What words import, 3 D. 415, 425; 16 S. & R. 79 ; 4 
 
 W. 141; 6 Barr 41; 1 H. 108; 4 H. 9; 1 C. 210, 310; 
 
 5 C. 468 ; 3 Wr. 421 ; 10 Wr. 13, 243, 259 ; 3 Gr. 113 ; 
 
 2 S. 438; 20 S. 387. 
 
 2. Distinguished from suretyship, 4 W. 141 ; 10 W. 259 ; 
 
 6 Barr 44 ; 8 Barr 304 ; IJ. 482 ; 4 H. 9 ; 10 Wr. 243 ; 
 • 13 Wr. 259 ; 1 Gr. 261; 2 S. 190, 438, 525. 
 
 3. Distinguished prom mercantile endorsement, 1 C. 
 
 212. 
 
 4. By one partner in name op pirm, 2 P. & W. 177. 
 
 5. By parol, 14 S. & R. 311; 8 W. 362. 
 .6. When to be in writing, 12 Wr. 113. 
 
 7. By implication, 14 S. & R. 290; 5 Wh. 331 ; 1 G. 310. 
 
 8. When equivalent to letter of credit, 8 S. 103. 
 
 9. Acceptance of, 4 D. 134; 7 W. & S. 144; 9 Barr 320; 
 
 2 0. 153; 5 C. 460; 4 Wr. 391. 
 
 10. Transfer op contract of, 3 Barr 294. 
 
 11. When absolute, 8 Barr 304. 
 
 12. "Recovery," meaning of in contract of, 6 Barr 45. 
 
 13. Continuing, 4 D. 135; 4 W. & S. 577; 3 Wr. 421; 10 
 
 Wr. 420. 
 
 14. On transfer of stock, 6 C. 210. 
 
 15. Of note at time op transfer, 8 W. 362 ; 1 W. & S. 203, 
 
 307; IJ. 464; 1 C. 89. 
 
 16. Of bond on assignment of, 12 S. & R. 100; 16 S. & R. 
 
 79; 3P. & W. 18; 3 Barr 292. 
 
 17. Of judgment, 4 W. 158. 
 
 18. Proof of, 9 W. 179 ; 8 Barr 501. 
 
 19. Rules as to construing, 16 S. & R. 81 ; 3 P. & W. 18; 
 
 2 W. 128; 5 W. 106; 8 W. 361; 10 W. 259; 1 W. & 
 S. 203; 8 W. & S. 31, 367; 6 Barr 41 ; 2 0. 153; 5 
 0.463; 6 C. 205; 2 S. 525. 
 
 20. Explanation of by parol, 10 Wr. 420. 
 
 21. Transfer of, 8 W. 103, 362; 3 Barr 292. 
 
 22. Breach of contract of, 10 Wr. 243. 
 
392 GUARANTY— GUARDIAN. 
 
 GVARA'NTY— continued. 
 
 23. Presumption as to interest op holder, 8 W. 361. 
 
 24. Action on. See Assumpsit, II. 19. 
 
 25. When suit against principal is unnecessary, 8 W. 361 ; 
 
 3 H. 293. 
 
 26. Form of declaration in, 1 B. 610. 
 
 27. Evidence in. 
 
 For plaintiff, 5 B. 195; 1 C. 210; 20 S. 387. 
 
 For defendant, 5 B. 195; 14 S. & R. 327; 8 W. 301 ; 
 
 8 W. & S. 31; 1 C. 210; 7 C. 110; 2 S. 190; 20 
 
 S. 387. 
 
 GUARDIAN. 
 
 I. Who mat apply for, 9 H. 331. 
 
 II. Who are competent, 9 H. 331. 
 
 III. Appointment op. 
 
 1. By the Orphans' Court, 1 D. 136; 1 P. & W. 282; 9 
 
 W. 169; 2 H. 384; 4 H. 372; 8 H. 50; 9 H.331; 13 
 Wr. 304 ; 1 Gr. 55. 
 
 2. Epfect of, 9 H. 331. 
 
 3. By testator, 9 W. 169; 2 H. 384; 12 S. 199. 
 
 4. By ward, 3 C. 229 ; 8 H. 50 ; 1 Gr. 55. 
 
 5. DoMiciL OF, 2 W. & S. 565. 
 
 6. Bond of, 1 W. 310; 9 C. 466; 12 C. 442; 7 Wr. 43. 
 
 IV. Rights op. 
 
 1. Generally, 1 Gr. 55. 
 
 2. To purchase LAND OF WARD AT PUBLIC SALE, 8 C. 315; 
 
 2 Wr. 322. 
 
 3. To TESTIFY FOR WARD, 2 D. 196 ; 1 Y. 202 ; 2 W. 95 ; 
 
 10 S. 441. 
 
 4. To CREDIT FOR COUNSEL FEE, 11 H. 44 ; 5 Wr. 45; 10 
 
 Wr. 347. 
 
 5. To RECOVER MONEY PAID FOR WARD BY SUIT V. HUSBAND 
 
 OF, 5 W. 97. 
 
 6. To REPAYMENT OF MONEY ADVANCED FOR WARD, 6 S. & 
 
 R. 472; 7 Barr 248; 4 H. 372; 9 H. 327; 5 C. 47. 
 
 7. To SUBROGATION FOR ADVANCES, 5 C. 47. 
 
 8< To CREDIT FOR MONEY PAID FOR EDUCATION OF WARD, 7 
 
 Barr 22 ; 9 H. 343 ; 6 C. 397. 
 
 9. To RECOVER MONEY IMPROPERLY PAID TO WARD, 6 S. & 
 
 R. 464; 9 S. & R. 409; 5 W. 97; 7 Barr 248; 9 H. 
 337. 
 
GUARDIAN. 393 
 
 GUARDIAN — continued. 
 
 10. Under a release from ward, 7 Barr 464. 
 
 11. To STOCK SUBSCRIBED IN NAME OF WARD, 4 W. 92 ; 7 
 
 Barr 56. 
 
 12. To COMPENSATION, 4 S. & R. 112; 5 R. 823; 7 Barr 
 
 56; 9 H. 337; 11 H. 44; 6 Wr. 461; 10 Wr. 347 ; 2 
 Gr. 341; 5 S. 428; 8 S. 142. 
 
 13. To PLEAD Statute of Limitations against ward, 4 
 
 W. & S. 557; 3 C. 492. 
 
 14. To EXPRESS OPINION AS TO INVESTMENTS OF EXECUTOR, 
 
 5 W. & S. 254. 
 
 V. Power and authority of. 
 
 1. To PURCHASE land FOR WARD, 8 W. 369 ; 2 W & S. 
 
 572. 
 
 2. To SUB FOR SEDUCTION OF WARD, 3 W. & S. 416. 
 
 8. To RECOVER DAMAGES FOR ROAD OPENED THROUGH LAND 
 
 OF WARD, 1 B. 353. 
 4. To APPEAL WITHOUT PAYMENT OF COSTS, 3 H. 87. 
 
 57 Over real estate of ward, 10 S. & R. 326; 17 S. & 
 R. 144; 2 P. & W. 346; 6 W. 112; 1 Barr 326; V 
 J. 36. 
 
 6. After marriage of ward, 4 W. & S. 557, 577. 
 
 7. to agree as to boundary lines, 10 s. & r. 114. 
 
 8. to sue on promise to, 7 w. & s. 140. 
 
 9. To ACT FOR SEVERAL WARDS, 10 Wr. 801. 
 
 10. When also a trustee under will, 10 0. 272. 
 
 11. To prefer ONE OR MORE OP SEVERAL WARDS, 17 S. & 
 
 R. 144. 
 
 12. To RELEASE INTEREST OF WARD ON RECOGNISANCE IN 
 
 PARTITION, 6 W. 112. 
 
 18. To BIND WARD, 6 W. 72 ; 7 W. & S. 111. 
 
 14. After office has expired, 3 P. & W. 21. 
 
 15. Investment by when not a conversion, 10 S. 118, 
 
 122. 
 
 VI. Duty of. 
 
 1. As TO keeping accounts, 8 S. & R. 12; 17 S. & R. 
 
 378 ; 1 P. & W. 282 ; 2 W. 295; 5 W. 97 ; 9 Barr 
 103; 3 0. 326; 3 S. 500; 12 S. 145. 
 
 2. As TO retention of real estate of ward, 1 J. 36. 
 
 3. As TO division of property of several wards, 17 S. 
 
 6 R. 144; 12 S. 198. 
 
394 GUAEDIAN. 
 
 GJJAR'DIA.'N— continued. 
 
 4. As TO INVESTMENTS, 7 W. & S. 48 ; 11 H. 44; 2 Wr 
 
 322; 5 Wr. 594; 2 Gr. 341; 3 S. 500; 7 S. 91; 10 S. 
 118, 122; 12 S. 139. 
 
 5. As TO MANAGEMENT OP WARD'S PROPERTY, 1 P. & W. 
 
 207; 2 W. 295; 4 W. 84, 92; 4 H. 372; 2 Gr. 341; 3 
 S. 500; 8 S. 142. 
 
 6. As TO SETTLEMENT WITH WARD, 7 W. & S. 48. 
 
 7. To FURNISH WARD WITH NECESSARIES, 4 W. & S. 115. 
 
 VII. Liability or. 
 
 1. To SUIT ON BOND IN COMMON PlBAS, 12 S. 436. 
 
 2. On ACCEPTING REAL ESTATE FOR WARD, 5 B. 1 ; 8 S. & 
 
 R. 205. 
 
 3. For money received for ward, 8 S. & R. 207 ; 5 Wh. 
 
 492; 7Barr466; 5 S. 110. 
 
 4. For investments, 2 W. & S. 572; 7 W. & S. 48; 5 
 
 Barr 15; 8 Barr 432; 9 Barr 508; 11 H. 44; 5 Wr. 
 494. 
 
 5. For money lost, 11 S. & R. 66 ; 12 S. & R. 317 ; 1 P. 
 
 & W. 207 ; 5 Wh. 472 ; 5 Barr 87 ; 7 Barr 59; IJ. 
 06; 6 H. 175; 10 H. 325; 2 Gr. 341. 
 
 6. On purchase from ward soon after age, 5 S. 110. 
 
 7. On settlement with ward, 5 B. 8 ; 4 S. & R. Ill, 
 
 114; 7 W. & S. 48; 8 Barr 431 ; 10 H. 332; 8 C. 
 263; 12 S. 318. 
 
 8. For improvement on real estate of ward, 1 Wr. 
 
 377. 
 
 9. To action by ward for services, 17 S. & R. 374; 1 
 
 P. & W. 282; 1 W. 229. 
 
 10. For improvements put on land purchased from 
 
 WARD, 5 S. 110. 
 
 11. For loss on real estate purchased for ward, 1 R. 
 
 260; 3 R. 55; 2 W. 323; 9 W. & S. 134; 1 J. 36, 
 40; 10 H. 325; 2 Wr. 322. 
 
 12. For profits on property sold, 8 S. 142; 15 S. 433. 
 
 13. For interest, 1 B. 194 ; 4 S. & R. 112 ; 7 S. & R. 
 
 264; 8 S. & R. 12; 2 R. 805; 5 R. 323; 8 W. 73; 7 
 W. & S. 48 ; 5 Barr 87 ; 7 Barr 58, 564 ; 11 H. 44 ; 
 10 Wr. 347 ; 2 Gr. 341. 
 
 14. To forfeit commissions, 8 S. 142. 
 
 15. For negligence, 12 S. & R. 317 ; 1 P. & W. 218 ; 2 
 
 W. 295; 4 W. & S. 118; IJ. 36; 4 H. 372. 
 
 16. For misconduct, 1 Barr 90 ; 8 H. 50 ; 8 S. 142. 
 
GUARDIAN— GUARDIAN OF POOR. 395 
 
 GrUARDIAN — continued. 
 
 17. For necessaries for ward, 4 W. & S. 118. 
 
 18. For neglect of administrator, 4 W. & S. 557 ; 5 
 
 W. & S. 254. 
 
 19. For acts of co-guardian, 6 H. 173; 9 C. 466. 
 
 20. For fraud, 7 Barr 56. 
 
 21. For costs, 13 S. & R. 347; 8 H. 60 ; 7 Wr. 468; 10 
 
 Wr. 347. 
 
 22. On indenture of ward as apprentice, 2 R. 209 ; 7 
 
 Barr 21. 
 
 23. For breach of contract in indenture of apprentice- 
 
 ship, 2 R. 269. 
 
 24. On triennial accounts, 4 S. & R. 112 ; 1 P. & W. 282 ; 
 
 5 Barr 87; 7 Barr 249; 10 C. 174 ; 5 Wr. 494. 
 
 25. On personal promise to pay for education of ward, 
 
 3 C. 226. 
 
 26. To account, 10 Barr 527; 2 H. 463; 10 C. 173. 
 
 27. To citation, 2 Wh. 496 ; 4 W. & S. 557 ; 1 Barr 90. 
 
 28. To bill of review, 8 Barr 431, 457. 
 
 29. On confirmation of account, 10 Barr 523. 
 
 30. After lapse of twenty years, 4 W. & S. 557; 3 C. 
 
 492. 
 
 31. On answer to citation after release, 7 Barr 464. 
 
 VIII. Power op Orphans' Court over, 6 S. & R. 462 ; 17 
 S. & R. 378 ; 1 P. & W. 282 ; 2 C. 227 ; 3 C. 226 ; 12 
 S. 436. 
 
 IX. Removal of, 9 W. 169; 4 W. & S. 118; 8 W. & S. 143 ; 
 1 Barr 90; 8 Barr 457; 8 H. 50, 53; 3 0. 229. 
 
 X. When relationship of to ward ceases, 4 W. & S. 557; 
 
 IJ. 272; 1 Gr. 55. 
 
 XI. Release of, 7 W. & S. 48; 8 Barr 457; 9 H. 362; 10 
 H. 325. 
 
 GUARDIAN OF POOR. 
 
 I. Powers of. 
 
 1. To expel fellow-member, 6 S. & R. 469. 
 
 2. To bind pauper children, 12 S. & R. 169. 
 
 3. To RECOVER FOR SERVICES RENDERED BY PAUPER, 3 P. 
 
 & W. 212; 5 W. & S. 357; 9 Barr 217. 
 
 II. Liability of. 
 
 For support of poor, 2 Y. 164; 6 S. & R. 563 ; 12 S. & 
 R. 292 ; 2 P. & W. 432. 
 
396 GUAEDIAN OF POOE— HABEAS CORPUS. 
 
 GUARDIAN OF VOOR— continued. 
 
 III. For funeral expense of, 7 W. 527 ; 8 W. & S. 94. 
 
 IV. Duty of. 
 
 To relieve in emergency without order, 12 S. & R. 292, 
 296; 2 W. 280, 435; 5 W. & S. 535; 8 W. & S. 
 94; 9 Barr 46; 8 C. 178; 2 Wr. 160; 8 Wr. 
 803, 484; 12 Wr. 402; 14 Wr. 308 ; 14 S. 144. 
 
 GUARDIANSHIP. 
 
 Originally and ancillary, discussed, 1 Wr. 60. 
 
 "GUILTY IN MANNER AND FORM." 
 
 Eifect of verdict on indictment for fornication and bastardy, 9 
 Wr. 392. 
 
 HABEAS CORPUS. 
 
 I. Nature and object of Act, 5 C. 129; 3 Wr. 9. 
 
 II. Act of 1785, relative to, construed, 3 B. 404. 
 
 III. When awarded. 
 
 1. Generally, 2 C. 9; 2 Wr. 9. 
 
 2. In civil case, 1 D. 22, 167; 4 D. 433; 2 Y. 258; 3 
 
 B. 304; 5 B. 520; 1 S. & R. 353, 356; 2 S. & R. 
 174; 1 W. 67; 6 W. 402; 7 Barr 336; 8 C. 520; 3 
 Wr. 9. 
 
 3. In criminal case, 4 D. 413; 5 B. 512 ; 2 C. 9. 
 
 IV. When refused. 
 
 1. In civil case, 4 D. 413, 414; 1 Y. 193; 2 Y. 241; 3 
 
 Y. 263; 1 B. 251; 5 B. 304; 1 W. 66. 
 
 2. In criminal case. 2 Y. 258 ; 3 Y. 263 ; 1 S. & R. 330 ; 
 
 2 Wh. 502; 7 W. & S. 110. 
 
 V. By whom issued, 2 Y. 241, 349 ; 7 W. & S. 108 ; 3 Wr. 9. 
 
 VI. Amendment of, 1 B. 366. 
 
 VII. ■ Penalty for refusing, 3 Wr. 9. 
 
 VIII. Return of. 
 
 1. As TO time, 2 Y. 241. 
 
 IX. Proceedings in. 
 
 1. Abandonment of, 9 S. 425. 
 
 2. Where heard, 2 Y. 349; 1 W. 66; 2 Wh. 201; 7 W. 
 
 & S. 108; 2 Barr 9 ; 2 C. 9; 8 0. 520. 
 
 3. What heard on, 4 D. 413; 2 Y. 258; 8 S. & R. 72 ; 
 
 2 0. 279. 
 
 4. Powers of court as to, 1 S. & R. 356; 2 C. 9; 8 C. 
 
 520. 
 
 5. When court WILL relieve ON, 4 D. 112; 2 Y. 349; 
 
 3 y. 182; 3 B. 404; 5 B. 520; 1 S. & R. 353; 2 S. 
 
HABEAS CORPUS— HABITUAL DRUNKARD. 397 
 
 HABEAS GOnVJJS— continued. 
 
 & R. 174; 3 S. & E. 167 ; 4 S. & R. 149; 6 S. & R. 
 255; 8S. &R. 72; IW. 66; 6 W. 402; 7Barr336. 
 
 6. When court will not relieve on, 2 Y. 258 ; 5 B. 
 
 520; 4 S. & R. 149; 8 S. & R. 72; 1 W. 66; 2 C. 
 279. 
 
 7. Recommitment of party after discharge, 1 B. 374; 
 
 3 B. 404. 
 
 8. Order of when sufficient, 9 S. 425. 
 
 9. Power of parties to modify order of court, 9 S. 425. 
 
 10. Enforcement of order, 14 Wr. 285; 9 S. 425, 429. 
 
 11. Authority of Supreme Court of Pennsylvania as 
 
 TO commitment by United, States Courts, 2 C. 9. 
 
 12. Authority of Supreme Court of Pennsylvania as 
 
 TO commitment by Common Pleas, 2 Y. 349 ; 4 S. 
 & R. 149; 1 W. 66. s 
 
 13. Jury trial awarded in, 2 Y. 258; 1 S. & R. 330. 
 
 14. Writ of error on, 1 P. & W. 82; 2 Barr 9. 
 
 15. Certiorari in, 8 C. 520. 
 
 X. Alias writ of, when awarded, 7 Barr 336. 
 
 HABERE FACIAS POSSESSIONEM. 
 
 1. When proper, 4 Barr 257; 1 R. 44 ; 7 S. & R. 90. 
 
 2. When irregular, 1 S. 227; 3 S. 161. 
 
 3. Effect of, On interest of mortgage creditor in pos- 
 
 session, 3 H. 417. 
 
 4. Effect of on tenant of defendant in ejectment, 3 
 
 C. 285. 
 
 5. Effect of on interest of wife after ejectment by 
 
 husband, 8 Wr. 466. 
 
 6. Ouster after return of, 2 B. 450. 
 
 7. Alias writ of, 3 P. & W. 228; 6 Wh. 391; 4 Barr 257. 
 
 8. Execution of. 
 
 When sufficient, 9 C. 452. 
 
 Duty of sheriff on, 6 Wh. 391 ; 8 Wr. 466. 
 
 Error in, corrected by court, 4 Barr 257. 
 
 Service of when set aside, 8 Wr. 466. 
 
 Not affected by declaration of officer, 9 C. 508. 
 
 9. Restitution when awarded, 4 Y. 192; 2 B. 450; 10 S. 
 
 & R. 103; 6 Wh. 391 ; 8 Wr. 466. 
 
 HABENDUM. See Deed. 
 
 HABITUAL DRUNKARD. See Lunatic and Drunkard. 
 
398 HALE-BLOOD— HARRISBUKG. 
 
 HALF-BLOOD. 
 
 Descent to, 2 Y. 545; 2 B. 279; 5 Wh. 477; 8 Barr 32; 12 
 H. 162; 4 C. 487; 7 C. 289; 5 S. 62. 
 
 HALF-PAY. 
 
 Right of officers to, 2 D. 207. 
 
 HAND MONEY. 
 
 Necessity for payment of on contract, 17 S. 195. 
 
 HANDWRITING. 
 
 I. Of party to contract. 
 
 1. Proof op, 10 S. & R. 155; 11 S. & R. 347; 1 P. & W. 
 16; 3 P.& W.437; 8 W. 77, 485; 1 Wli.398; 1 Barr 
 381; 7 Barr 428; 8 Barr 436; 2 J. 209; 1 H. 641; 
 5 H. 514; 11 H. 413; 12 H. 333; 1 C. 133; 2 C. 388; 
 4 0. 318; 4 Wr. 474; 7 Wr. 9; 13 Wr. 155; 2 Gr. 
 306; 7 S. 397; 16 S. 253. 
 
 II. Op clerk. 
 
 Proof of, 2 W. & S. 137. 
 
 III. Of testator. See Wills. 
 
 IV. Of subscribing witnesses. 
 
 1. Proof op, 1 D. 123; 4 Y. 345; 5 B. 340; 6 B. 45; 2 
 
 S. & R. 202, 349; 1 P. & W. 216; 6 H. 340. 
 
 2. Where proof is unnecessary, 10 Barr 139. 
 
 V. Opinion of experts as to, 5 0. 378 ; 10 C. 365; 7 Wr. 
 
 9. See Experts. 
 
 VI. Comparison of, 4 Y. 345; 5 B. 340, 349; 10 S. & R. 
 110; 11 S. &R. 333; 14 S. &R. 372; 1 P. & W. 161; 
 3 W. 321; 6 Wh. 284; 8 Barr 436; 2 C. 388; 4 C. 
 318; 5 0. 378; 7 Wr. 9; 2 Gr. 306; 7 S. 438. 
 
 HANOVER TURNPIKE COMPANY. 
 
 Act relative to creditors of, construed, 5 Barr 470. 
 
 HARD CONTRACT. 
 
 Relief from in equity, 2 Y. 466. 
 
 HARMONY ASSOCIATION. 
 
 Contract of members, construed, 5 W. 351. 
 
 HARRISBURG. 
 
 1. Act as to water supply of, construed, 3 W. & S. 460; 
 
 1 Barr 132. 
 
 2. Power of street viewers in, 8 Barr 485. 
 
 8. Validity of resolution op councils op, 4 Wr. 124. 
 
HAULING— HEIKS. 399 
 
 HAULING. 
 
 Claim for, witMn Mechanics' Lien Law, 2 Wr. 151. 
 
 HAWKERS AND PEDLERS. 
 I. Defined, 1 H. 336, 338. 
 
 IL Meaning oe word "eoeeign" in act kelative to, 12 
 S. 15. 
 
 III. Rights of. 
 
 Under act of 1824, 14 S. & R. 398. 
 Under act of 1830, 2 W- 298. 
 
 IV. Liability of. 
 
 1. Under Act of March 28, 1799, 14 S. & R. 398. 
 
 2. Under Act of April 16, 1840, 1 H. 363; 12 S. 15. 
 
 V. Remission of penalty against, 3 Barr 126. 
 
 HAY AND STRAW ASSOCIATION. 
 Act relative to, construed, 8 H. 327. 
 
 HAY SCALE LANDING. 
 In Philadelphia. 
 
 Right of adjacent districts to, 1 Wh. 24. 
 
 HEARING. 
 
 Before a judge, not a "trial in court," 2 Y. 529. 
 
 HEARSAY TESTIMONY. ^S'ee Evidence. 
 
 HEIRS. 
 
 I. When a word of purchase, 1 S. 282; 8 S. 412; 17 S. 
 446. 
 
 IL When a word of limitation, 2 Y. 411, 585, 586, 587 ; 
 
 IB. 346; 7 W. & S. 288; 8 Barr 498; 4 C. 89 : 2 S. 
 
 277. 
 in. Meaning of in will, 5 R. 9; 8 Barr 304; 1 H. 344; 
 
 9 H. 343 ; 2 C. 217 ; 4 C. 40 ; 5 Wr. 288 ; 9 Wr. 201 ; 
 
 13 Wr. 333; 14 Wr. 128, 311, 535; 7 S. 151; 10 S. 
 
 500; 15 S. 389; 17 S. 446. 
 
 IV. Preferred in construing ambiguous will, 3 C. 55 ; 
 4 C. 40, 59 ; 7 W. & S. 284. 
 
 V. When construed to mean issue, 15 S. 388. 
 
 VI. Use of in deed, 1 D. 137; 1 H. 344; 10 Wr. 200; 1 
 S. 282. 
 
 VIL What included in, 17 S. & R. 110; 2 Wh. 382; 3 
 
 Barr 304 ; 5 Barr 255. 
 VIII. When " designatio PBRSONiB," 5 R. 9. 
 
400 HEIRS. 
 
 HEIRS — continued. 
 
 IX. Deed by not valid without proof of heirship, 10 
 W. 289. 
 
 X. Deed to, while ancestor is living, 1 S. 282. 
 
 XI. Right op under intestate laws. 
 
 1. Generally, 1 B. 336; 2 B. 279; 17 S. & R. 35; 2 R. 
 
 222; 12 H. 602; 3 Wr. 358; 5 Wr. 169; 7 Wr. 155, 
 468 ; 11 "Wr. 424 ; 13 S. 443. 
 
 2. As AGAINST INACTIVE CREDITORS, 19 S. 295. 
 
 3. To INTEREST ON SHARE IN PARTITION, 1 Y. 392. 
 
 4. To RECOVER SHARE BY ACTION, 4 D. 147 ; 4 S. & R. 
 
 248; 17 S. & R. 31; 2 Gr. 353. 
 
 5. To RENT, 2 R. 222; 4 W. 160; 1 C. 97. 
 
 6. To GROWING CROP, 9 H. 90 ; 7 C. 426 ; 9 Wr. 430. 
 
 7. To RELIEVE LAND OF ANCESTOR OUT OF PROCEEDS OF 
 
 PERSONAL PROPERTY, 2 Y. 66, 70. 
 
 8. To RECOVER LAND OF ANCESTOR, 1 P. & W. 450; 3 Barr 
 
 256; 10 Wr. 342. 
 
 9. To DISTRIBUTE ANCESTOR'S ESTATE WITHOUT ADMINIS- 
 
 TRATION, 2 S. 370. See Administration. 
 
 10. To REDEEM UNSEATED LAND OF ANCESTOR, 1 C. 185. 
 
 11. To SELL OR ASSIGN INTEREST IN ESTATE OF ANCESTOR, 1 
 
 J. 477; 13 S. 443. 
 
 12. Where will of ancestor creates perpetuity, 10 
 
 Barr 326. 
 
 13. To security for distributive share, 2 Y. 329; 5 
 
 R. 338. 
 
 14. Where there is a "casus omissus" in intestate 
 
 LAW, 4 D. 64; 2 B. 279. 
 
 15. Not to be disinherited by implication, 3 S. 175. 
 
 16. Over undisposed land op intestate's land, 2 Y. 
 
 326. 
 
 17. On sale op land in partition subject to avidow's in- 
 
 terest, 1 Barr 118, 136; 1 J. 163; 6 H. 369. 
 
 18. To APPEAR to suit AGAINST EXECUTOR OF ANCESTOR, 13 
 
 S. & R. 9; 8 W. & S. 165; 2 Barr 112; 7 H. 398. 
 
 19. To APPEAL IN NAME OP EXECUTOR, 13 S. & R. 9. 
 
 20. To EXCEPT TO REGULARITY OF OrPHANS' COURT SALE 
 
 OF ancestor's estate, 1 S. 58. 
 
 21. To notice op suit to charge land with, debt op an- 
 
 cestor, 8 S. & R. 165; 13 S. & R. 14; 8 W. 124; 1 
 
HEIRS. 401 
 
 • 
 
 HEIRS — continued. 
 
 W. & S. 200; 9 W. & S. 13; 2 Barr 249; 9 Barr 
 249 ; 2 H. 124; 7 H. 390, 391, 393; 11 H. 215, 410 ; 
 1 C. 457; 2 C. 95; 3 C. 136; 5 C. 342; 8 C. 390; 
 12 C. 14; 10 S. 180, 181. 
 
 22. To ACTION FOR MONEY PAYABLE AT DEATH OF WIDOW, 1 
 
 J. 1B3. 
 
 23. To EJECTMENT FOR LANDS NOT IN POSSESSION OF ANCES- 
 
 TOR AT DEATH, 3 S. 161. 
 
 24. To ENCUMBER LANDS DEVISED TO BE SOLD, 13 S. & R. 
 
 330; 2R. 185; 3 W. 289. 
 
 25. Interest of, fixed by death of ancestor, 5 "W. i S. 
 
 171; 2H. 260. 
 
 XII. Liability of. 
 
 1. On covenant of ancestor, 4 D. 168 ; 3 H. 506; 6 C. 
 
 362. 
 
 2. For debts op ancestor, 2 H. 42; 3 0. 123; 3 Wr. 
 
 358; 5 Wr. 169; 7 Wr. 468. 
 
 3. For contracts op ancestor, 16 S. & R. 379. 
 
 4. On ancestor's improvement risht, 16 S. & R. 379. 
 
 5. For acts of administrator of ancestor's estate, 1 
 
 W. 401. 
 
 6. To claim of creditors on interest in ancestor's es- 
 
 tate, 5 W. 548; 7 Wr. 89. 
 
 7. To sale of interest in ancestor's estate, 2 Y. 324; 
 
 10 S. & R. 357; 13 S. & R. 330; 5 W. 39; 5 Wh. 
 322; 1 W. & S. 184; 3 W. & S- 358; 5 W. & S. 
 340; 7 W. & S. 184; 9 W. & S. 44; 1 Barr 118, 136; 
 10 C. 151; 5 Wr. 169; 7 Wr. 89, 468; 1 S. 509; 3 S. 
 404; 6 S. 405. 
 
 8. To attachment of interest in ancestor's estate, 7 
 
 Barr 482 ; 10 Barr 419 ; 7 Wr. 89. 
 
 XIII. Estoppel of. 
 
 1. By proceedings in court, 4 Y. 35; 7 H. 439. 
 
 2. By receipt of purchase-money, 7 H. 424. See Es- 
 
 toppel. 
 
 XIV. Entry by. 
 
 On land of co-heir, 10 W. 185, 289 ; 3 Gr. 247. 
 
 XV. Disseisin of. 
 
 1. By widow, 4 W. & S. 333. 
 
 2. By co-heir, 10 W. 185, 289 ; 3 Gr. 247. 
 
 26 
 
402 HEIES— HIRING. 
 
 • 
 HEIRS — continued. 
 
 XVI. Sale by Orphans' Court of interest of, in ances- 
 tor's LAND, 6 S. 405. 
 
 XVII. Confirmation of invalid title of, 7 H. 424. 
 
 XVIII. Parol partition between, 1 B. 216 ; 1 Wh. 292 ; 
 1 H. 376; 10 Wr. 376; 12 Wr. 345; 1 S. 377. 
 
 XIX. Interest of, in land during life of widow is per- 
 sonalty, 1 B. 358 ; 14 Wr. 101. 
 
 XX. Presumption of payment of distributive share to, 1 
 P. & W. 419; 2 P. & W. 97. 
 
 HEIRS AND RELATIVES. 
 Meaning of in will, 4 C. 51. 
 
 HEIRS AND REPRESENTATIVES. 
 
 Meaning of in will, 2 C. 217. 
 
 HEIRS EXPECTANT. 
 Defined, 10 H. 245. 
 
 HEIRSHIP. 
 
 How determined, 6 H. 478. 
 
 HEIRS LEGAL AND NATURAL. 
 
 Meaning of in will, 6 H. 478. 
 
 HEIRS MALE. 
 Defined, 3 Y. 147. 
 
 HEIRS OF THE BODY. 
 When words of limitation, 2 Y. 411; 2 Gr. 345; 9 S. 43; 13 
 S. 481; 20 S. 335. 
 
 HIGH SEAS. 
 Defined, 1 D. 50. 
 
 HIGH TREASON. See Treason. 
 
 HIGH WATER MARK. 
 Rights below, 1 P. & W. 462. 
 
 HIGHWAY. See Roads, Public. 
 
 HIRING. 
 
 1. Where no time is bargained for, 13 S. 97. 
 
 2. Evidence in an action for, 1 W. 130; 8 Wr. 69. 
 
 3. What constitutes for a year, 13 S. 97. 
 
 4. Debt libs on contract for, 13 S. 97. 
 
 5. Where party is dismissed before expiration of time, 
 
 8 Wr. 99; 15 S. 460; 18 S. 168. 
 
HOLDING OVER— HOUSE OF REFUGE. 403 
 
 HOLDING OVER. See Landlord ; Tenant. 
 
 HOLLAND LAND COMPANY. 
 
 1. Origin op, 4 D. 170, 237. 
 
 2. Rights of, 4 D. 170, 237. 
 
 3. Claims of, 4 D. 237. 
 
 4. Mandamus awarded for, 4 D. 171. 
 
 HOLMES'S MAP OF PHILADELPHIA. 
 
 Validity of, 13 S. 489. 
 
 HOMESTEAD. 
 
 Sale of on execution, 2 Y. 451. See Levari Facias. 
 
 HOMICIDE. See Murder ; Manslaughter. 
 
 HOMINE REPLIGIANDO. 
 
 1. Effect of decree in, 1 S. & R. 75; 7 S. & R. 299. 
 
 2. Damages in, 2 D. 37. 
 
 3. Effect op judgment in, 7 S. & R. 299. 
 
 4. Effect op on child born after judgment, 7 S. & R. 
 
 299. 
 
 HORSE. 
 
 Indictment for killing, 1 D. 338. 
 
 HORSE-RACING. 
 
 Recovery of money staked on, 3 P. & W. 468, 494. 
 
 HORSE THIEF. 
 
 Bail for appearance of, 7 W. 454. 
 
 HOTCHPOT. 
 
 Liability of heirs to bring shares into, 17 S. & R. 336, 339. 
 See Advancement. 
 
 HOUSE. 
 
 What passes by devise of, 4 R. 339 ; 4 Barr 93. 
 
 HOUSEHOLD. 
 
 1. Of foreign minister, privilege of, 1 D. 117. 
 
 2. Furniture, meaning op in will, 10 S. 220. 
 
 HOUSE OF REFUGE. 
 
 1. Lunatic committed to, 4 Wh. 9. 
 
 2. Cost op maintaining infant in, by whom payable, 12 
 
 S. 441. 
 
•104 HDCKSTE LIS— HUSBAND. 
 
 HUCKSTERS. 
 
 1. Conviction of under city ordinances, 3 Y. 475; 2 D. 
 
 236. 
 
 2. License paid by, under Act of 1866, foe benefit of 
 
 county, 9 S. 92. 
 
 HUNTINGDON COUNTY. 
 
 Boundary of at Juniata river, 4 H. 512. 
 
 HUSBAND. 
 I. Rights of. 
 
 1. Over wife's chose in action generally, 1 Y. 436; 
 
 1 B. 358; 2 S. & R. 491, 493; 6 S. & R. 556; 11 S. 
 & R. 325; 14 S. & R. 64; 1 R. 166, 281, 379; 
 3 R. 199; 4 R. 66, 72, 177, 373, 468, 475, 478, 482, 
 485; 5R.182; IP. & W. 373, 375; 1 W. 255; 2 W. 
 90 ; 6 W. 301 ; 8 W. 188 ; 9 W. 90, 129, 237 ; 10 W. 
 54; 1 Wh. 179; 2 WL 246; 3 Wh. 415; 5 Wh. 138, 
 142 ; 1 W. & S. 253, 517 ; 3 W. & S. 476 ; 4 W. & S. 
 232, 414 ; 6 W. & S. 290, 298; 7 W. & S. 168, 238; 
 1 Barr 286, 329; 2 Barr 71; 3 Barr 235; 4 Barr 
 376,388,389; 5 Barr 157, 262, 377; 6 Barr 61; 7 Barr 
 413; 8 Barr 189; 10 Barr 193, 220, 376, 433; 1H.561; 
 3 H. 495, 499 ; 4 H. 365, 392, 405; 6 H. 392; 9 H. 
 298; 10 H. 130; 11 H. 37, 460; 5 C. 412, 465; 7 
 C. 228; 1 Wr. 448; 9 Wr. 406, 446, 522, 530; 10 
 Wr. 343; 11 Wr. 280; 1 Gr. 468; 1 S. 63; 19 S. 424. 
 
 2. Over legacy of wife, 6 S. & R. 467; 4 R. 66; 3 P. 
 
 & W. 190, 194; 2 W. 90; 1 Wh. 179; 4 W. & S. 
 414; 7 W. & S. 168; 8 W. & S. 433; 2 Barr 71; 5 
 Barr 262, 286; 10 Barr 408; 1 H. 160; 3 H. 497, 
 499; 4 H. 405; 10 Wr. 342; 14 Wr. 368. 
 
 3. Over money of wife invested in real estate, 10 
 
 S. &R. 118, 124; 19 S. 219. 
 
 4. Over mortgage taken to secure wife's estate, 1 
 
 Wr. 448; 4 Wr. 29, 201, 209; 8Wr.l93; 1 S. 62, 63. 
 
 5. Over wife's owelty of partition, 5 W, 113; 1 W. 
 
 6 S. 517 ; 6 Barr 348 ; 1 H. 431 ; 4 H. 392, 426 ; 14 
 Wr. 101; 19 S. 219. 
 
 6. Over earnings of wife, 8 H. 308, 311; 2 C. 333; 11 
 
 C. 375; 1 Wr. 147; 2 Wr. 277 ; 3 Wr. 129; 18 S. 421. 
 
 7. Presumption as to ownership of personal property 
 
 BY. See Husband and Wife 6. 
 
 8. By survivorship, 7 W. 563; 9 W. 349; 3 Wh. 441 ; 4 
 
 W. & S. 232; 6 W. & S. 85 ; 2 Barr 470 ; 4 H. 405 ; 
 
 7 H. 402; 11 H. 29; 12 H.262; 4 S. 427. 
 
HUSBAND. 405 
 
 RUSBANJ)— continued. 
 
 9. To SHARE OF wife's ESTATE ON DECLARATION UNDER 
 
 Act of 1832, 2 Wh. 246 ; 5 W. & S. 501; 4 H. 387. 
 
 10. As ADMINISTRATOR OF WIFE'S ESTATE, 7 W. 563 ; 3 Wh. 
 
 441, 442 ; 4 W. & S. 82, 282 ; 6 W. & S. 85 ; 4 Barr 
 359; 7 H. 402; 11 H. 29; 2 S. 427. 
 
 11. To RECEIVE MONEY OF WIFE AS A LOAN, 11 H. 400; 7 
 
 C. 450 ; 9 Wr. 406; 12 Wr. 103; 14 Wr. 138, 375; 
 2 S. 195, 412; 10 S. 408; 15 S. 101. 
 
 12. Over wife's RECOGNISANCE IN PARTITION, 1 H. 431; 
 
 4 H. 392. See ante, 5. 
 18. To COLLECT CLAIM OF WIFE BY SUIT, 5 C. 465; 9 Wr. 
 446, 522, 530. 
 
 14. To REPLEVIN FOR PROPERTY HELD JOINTLY, 8 W. 412. 
 
 15. To ACT AS AGENT FOR WIFE, 8 H. 478; 3 0. 226; 3 S. 
 
 400; 6 S. 475. 
 
 16. To APPOINT ATTORNEY FOR SELF AND WIFE, 15 S. & R. 
 
 45; 7 H. 402. 
 
 17. Under marriage contract. See Marriage. 
 
 18. Under post nuptial contract, 8 W. k S. 413. 
 
 19. To renounce interest in wife's property, 2 D. 199 ; 
 
 1 Y. 432; 1 Barr 327, 329; 5 Barr 154; 10 Barr 
 433, 505; 12 C. 174; 3 Wr. 129, 463. 
 
 20. Over his own personal property by gift inter 
 
 vivos, 9 S. 281, 285. 
 
 21. To bring ejectment, 1 Y. 351; 7 W. 113; 5 Barr 103; 
 
 1 H. 565; 10 Wr. 455. 
 
 22. Validity of gift by wife to, 14 S. & R. 64 ; 4 Wh. 
 
 445; 5 W. & S. 494; 8 Wr. 43; 9 Wr. 89, 530; 14 
 Wr. 882. 
 
 23. Gift to or from not inferred from possession of 
 
 PERSONAL property, 3 Barr 100 ; 8 Wr. 463 ; 9 Wr. 
 522; 5 S. 414. 
 
 24. GrlFT TO OR FROM NOT INFERRED FROM SILENCE OF WIFE, 
 
 15 S. 101. 
 
 25. Gift, proof of, 14 S. & R. 64; 3 Wh. 48; 7 C. 450; 
 
 8 Wr. 43, 418; 9 Wr. 580; 14 Wr. 382; 5 S. 414; 10 
 S. 408; 15 S. 101. 
 
 II. Over wife's real estate. 
 
 1. Generally, 1 Y. 482 ; 6 S. & R. 467. 468; 14 S. & R. 
 115; 4 R. 68, 72; 1 W. 118, 567; 9 W. 90; 3 W. 
 & S. 456, 529; 4 W. & S. 107; 7 W. & S. 195, 238; 
 
 9 W. & S. 131 ; 1 Barr 286 ; 8 Barr 275; 5 Barr 219, 
 
406 HUSBAND. 
 
 B.VS'BA'ND— continued. 
 
 387; 6 Barr 425; 8 Barr 64; 10 Barr 212; 12 C. 
 387; 3 Wr. 463; 10 Wr. 342; 10 S. 118, 120. See 
 
 also, CURTBSBY ESTATE. 
 
 2. As TO wife's life estate in, 11 H. 162. 
 
 3. Presumption as to title op, 13 Wr. 129; 3 S. 400. 
 
 4. As TO wife's share on partition, 1 B. 358 ; 4 H. 387, 
 
 392, 426; 2 S. 434, 449; 5 S. 110; 18 S. 421. 
 
 5. As TO LAND ACCEPTED IN PARTITION, 1 S. & R. 460; 2 
 
 S. & R. 491; 6 S. & R. 267; 8 S. & R. 167, 175, 
 181; 16 S. &R. 60; 1 P. & W. 371, 372; 5 W. 205; 
 9 W. 336, 529; 3 W. & S. 520; 3 Barr 275; 8 Barr 
 396; 1 H. 431; 4 H, 426; 2 S. 434; 6 S. 156. 
 
 6. As TO IMPROVEMENTS ON, 1 P. & W. 99 ; 9 W. 90. 
 
 7. As TO CONVERSION OF WIEE'S REAL ESTATE, 4 H. 417, 
 
 426; 2 S. 195. 
 
 8. To ELECT AS TO REAL OR PERSONAL PROPERTY IN RIGHT 
 
 OF WIPE, 1 C. 150. 
 
 9. To PETITION FOR PARTITION, 2 R. 136 ; 1 H. 431. 
 
 10. To DEFEND TITLE OF WIFE TO, 9 H. 402, 436 ; 12 C. 383; 
 
 8 Wr. 466 ; 3 S. 400. 
 
 11. To CONFESS JUDGMENT IN EJECTMENT, 8 Wr. 466 ; 7 S. 
 
 410. 
 
 12. To SUE IN TRESPASS FOR INJURY TO, 1 Barr 176. 
 
 13. To JOIN IN CONVEYANCE OF. See Deed. 
 
 14. To INSURE REAL ESTATE OF WIFE, 14 Wr. 341. 
 
 15. To VALIDATE LAST WILL OF WIFE IN RELATION TO, 7 Barr 
 
 411. 
 
 16. To COMPROMISE AS TO BOUNDARY LINES OF, 1 W. & S. 449. 
 
 17. To MORTGAGE WIFE'S REAL ESTATE, 8 Wr. 193, 224; 14 
 
 Wr. 368, 375. 
 
 18. To REPUDIATE CONVEYANCE OF TO TRUSTEES BY INTENDED 
 
 WIFE, 7 Wr. 67. 
 
 III. Is NOT A PURCHASER OF WIFE'S ESTATE BY MARRIAGE, 6 
 
 Barr 425. 
 
 IV. When included among heirs of wife, 2 C. 217. 
 
 V. Duties of. 
 
 1. To join in action with wife, 4 Y. 127; 1 B. 575; 3 
 B. 556; 10 S. & R. 208; 1 P. & W. 333; 1 W. 229; 
 6 W. 101; 7 W. 113, 139, 229, 328; 8 W. 412; 6 W. 
 & S. 340; 1 Barr 176; 5 Barr 103; 1 H. 140; 4 H. 
 134; 9 H. 349; 5 C. 465; 2 S. 436. 
 
HUSBAND. 407 
 
 UV SB A'SJ)— continued. 
 
 2. To ACT AS AGENT FOR WIFE, 8 H. 478; 3 C. 226; 3 S. 
 
 400; 6 S. 475. 
 
 3. As TRUSTEE OP WIFB'S PROPERTY, 6 S. & E. 467 ; 5 Wh. 
 
 138; 4 Barr 230; 6 Barr 61; 7 0. 451; 9 Wr. 522, 
 530; 10 Wr. 342; 12 Wr. 351; 2 S. 195; 6 S. 475; 
 10 a. 408. 
 
 VI. Liability of. 
 
 1. As HEAD OF HOUSEHOLD, 5 S. & R. 112; 9 S. 425. 
 
 2. For wife's debts bum sola, 5 W. 97; 9 W. 137 ; 8 C. 
 
 85 ; 9 0. 529. 
 
 3. For wife's torts, 5 B. 43; 3 Wh. 369; 5 W. & S. 
 
 364; 5 Barr 859; 12 Wr. 497. 
 
 4. For wife's contracts, 2 D. 257; 1 B. 375; 5 B. 236; 
 
 5 S. & R. 112; 7 S. & R. 247 ; 1 P. & W. 356; 5 W. 
 97; 3 Wh. 368; 5 W. & S. 164; 6 W. & S. 346; 7 
 W. & S. 83; 2 Barr 234; 5 Barr 359; 3 H. 185; 4 
 H. 199, 215; 11 H. 156; 1 Wr. 250; 9 Wr. 350; 1 
 Gr. 468; 3 S. 271; 10 S. 430; 16 S. 361 ; 19 S. 169; 
 20 S. 496. 
 
 5. For wife's devastavit, as administratrix, 5 Barr 
 
 359. 
 
 6. For admissions made by wife, 3 P. & W. 34 ; 4 Wr. 9. 
 
 7. As administrator of wife, 7 W. 563 ; 3 Wh. 441, 442 ; 
 
 4 W. & S. 232; 6 W. & S. 85; 4 Barr 359; 7 H. 
 402; 11 H. 29; 2 S. 427. 
 
 8. As TRUSTEE OF WIFB'S PROPERTY, 6 S. & R. 467; 5 
 
 Wh. 138; 8 W. & S. 433; 4 Barr 230; 6 Barr 61; 7 
 C. 451; 9 Wr. 522, 530; 10 Wr. 342; 12 Wr. 103, 
 351; 14 Wr. 368; 2 S. 195; 6 S. 478; 10 S. 408. 
 
 9. For interest on wife's money, 11 H. 460; 9 Wr. 522, 
 
 529, 530; 11 Wr. 220, 307; 12 S. 206. 
 
 10. On loan from wife, 6 Barr 61 ; 11 H. 466 ; 7 0. 450 ; 
 
 4 Wr. 90 ; 9 Wr. 522; 12 Wr. 103; 14 Wr. 138, 375 ; 
 2 S. 195, 412; 10 S. 408; 12 S. 206; 15 S. 101. 
 
 11. Presumption arising from receipt of wife's money, 
 
 7 0. 450; 9 Wr. 382; 15 S. 101, 105. 
 
 12. To HAVE DEBT DEDUCTED FROM WIFB'S INHERITANCE, 4 
 
 Y. 75; 1 B. 358; 6 S. & R. 467; 15 S. & R. 77; 1 
 P. & W. 372; 3 W. & S. 349; 5 W. & S. 502; 2 Barr 
 470. 
 
 13. On covenant with intended wife for disposal of 
 
 HER real estate, 1 Y. 221. 
 
408 HUSBAND. 
 
 'H.VSBA'N'D— continued. 
 
 14. On recognisance on acceptance of land in right of 
 
 WIFE, 1 S. & R. 460; 2 S. & R. 491; 6 S. & R. 267 ; 
 8 S. & R. 167, 175, 181; 16 S. & R. 60; 1 P. & W. 
 371, 372; 5 W. 205; 9 W. 336, 529; 3 W. & S. 520; 
 3 Barr 275; 8 Barr 396; 4 H. 426; 2 S. 434; 6 S. 
 156. 
 
 15. On compromise as to boundary line, 1 W. & S. 449. 
 
 16. To execution on judgment against husband and 
 
 wife, 19 S. 172. 
 
 17. To sale on execution of interest in wife's estate, 
 
 5 W. 181; 10 Barr 398; 1 H. 565; 11 H. 402. 
 
 18. To SUIT ON contract with wife, 7 C. 396; 4 Wr. 90; 
 
 8 Wr. 170; 9 Wr. 198. 
 
 19. For costs of wife pending proceeding for divorce, 
 
 7 H. 171. 
 
 20. For alimony on separation, 7 S. & R. 500. 
 
 21. For alimony on divorce, 9 C. 50. 
 
 22. On joinder in mortgage with wife to secure bal- 
 
 ance OF purchase-money due by her, 8 Wr. 193. 
 
 23. To RECEIVE wife's property on securing it in 
 
 COURT, 1 B. 365; 9 S. & R. 183; 5 W. & S. 501; 10 
 Barr 220. 
 
 24. During separation, 6 W. & S. 346. 
 
 25. On bond for good behavior, 6 Barr 61. 
 
 VII. Gift or conveyance to, by wife, effect of, 5 W. & 
 S. 494; 7 W. & S. 238 ; 8 W. & S. 413; 8 Wr. 43, 413; 
 9 Wr. 89, 198, 530; 10 Wr. 248; 13 Wr. 29; 14 Wr. 
 375, 382. 
 
 VIII. Gift or conveyance by, to wife, effect of, 6 Wh. 
 571 ; 2 Barr 67 ; 1 Wr. 438 ; 8 Wr. 43, 413 ; 9 Wr. 
 198; 10 Wr. 248; 13 Wr. 29; 14 Wr. 75, 382; 1 S. 
 452; 4 S. 9, 17; 8 S. 386; 13 S. 284; 19 S. 21. 
 
 IX. Devise by, to wife, effect of on title, 13 Wr. 373. 
 
 X. Desertion by, effect op, 10 S. & R. 445 ; 17 S. & R. 
 
 130 ; 8 W. 403; 9 W. 90; 10 Barr 193, 212, 220; 4 H. 
 484; 12 S. 206. 
 
 XI. Death op, effect on action by husband and wife, 7 
 W. 229. 
 
 .XII. Declarations of. 
 
 1. As establishing resulting trust in wife's title, 3 
 Wr. 463; 9 Wr. 89, 198; 14 Wr. 261, 368. 
 
HUSBAND AND WIFE. 409 
 
 BJJSBA'NJ)— continued. 
 
 2. Admissibility of, in evidence, 4 W. & S. 546 ; 6 
 Barr 425 ; 3 Wr. 463 ; 8 Wr. 449 ; 9 Wr. 89, 198, 530 ; 
 10 Wr. 186; 14 Wr. 261, 368; 16 S. 242; 19 S. 
 21. 
 
 XIII. Work by, on farm op wife gives no title to pro- 
 duct OF, 5 S. 438. 
 
 XIV. Effect of Act of 1848 on rights, duties and lia- 
 bilities OF. See Husband and Wife 7. 
 
 XV. Right of creditors of, to earnings of wife, 8 H. 
 308, 311; 2 C. 233; 11 C. 325; 1 Wr. 147; 3 Wr. 277; 
 13 Wr. 129, 231; 14 Wr. 266; 10 S. 419. 
 
 XVI. Assignment of insolvent, effect of on wife's 
 real and personal estate, 1 R. 279; 4 R. 81, 468, 
 475; 1 P. & W. 373; 6 W. & S. 290; 7 W. & S. 168; 
 2 Barr 271 ; 10 Barr 262, 373, 432. 
 
 XVII. Effect of divorce on rights of, over wife's es- 
 tate. 9 W. 336. 
 
 HUSBAND AND WIFE. 
 
 I. Joinder of. 
 
 1. In deed by. See Deed. 
 
 2. In deed to. 
 
 Estate created by, 6 W. & S. 319 ; 8 W. & S. 107, 111; 
 1 Barr 176; 2 J. 274; 9 H. 343; 2 C. 397; 3 C. 
 504; 10 Wr. 248; 6 S. 286. See Entirety. 
 
 3. In mortgage, 4 W. & S. 95 ; 8 Wr. 193. 
 
 4. In suit or action, 4 Y. 127; 1 B. 575; 3 B. 556; 10 
 
 S. &R. 208; 1 P. & W. 333; 1 W. 229; 6 W. 101; 
 7 W. 113, 229, 328; 8 W. 412; 6 W. & S. 346; 1 
 Barr 176; 5 Barr 103; 1 H. 140; 4 H. 184; 9 H. 
 349; 5 C. 465; 2 S. 436. 
 
 5. Presumption as to good faith between, 11 Wr. 220. 
 
 6. Presumption as to ownership of property by and in- 
 
 debtedness between, 1 B. 358; 6 H. 363, 366; 8 
 H. 311; 9 H. 255, 349; 10 H. 334, 381; 5 C. 513; 
 7 C. 328; 11 C. 261; 12 C. 410; 1 Wr. 156, 162, 
 247, 433; 2 Wr. 277; 3 Wr. 463; 4Wr.l94; 6 Wr. 
 318 ; 7 Wr. 363 ; 8 Wr. 43, 307 ; 9 Wr. 89, 198, 522, 
 530; 11 Wr. 220; 13 Wr. 129, 232; 14 Wr. 266, 
 138, 368; 2 S. 195, 412; 3 S. 400; 4 S. 75, 133; 
 5 S. 414; 18 S. 126. 
 
 7. Effect of Act of 1848 on rights and liabilities op, 
 
 10 Barr 398, 505; 1 J. 272; 1 H. 480; 4 H. 134; 
 
410 HUSBAND AND WIPE— ILLEGAL TESTIMONY 
 
 HUSBAND AND WIFE— continued. 
 
 6 H. 392, 509 ; 8 H. 30; 9 H. 260; 10 H. 164; 11 
 H. 162; 12 H. 80; 1 C. 142; 7 C. 450; 9 C. 118, 
 120, 525; 12 0. 410; 8 "Wr. 224; 9 Wr. 406, 522; 
 10 Wr. 248; 14 Wr. 138, 375; 1 Gr. 465; 5 S. 415; 
 6 S. 106 ; 10 S. 408 ; 11 S. 320 ; 18 S. 126, 320 ; 20 
 S. 496. 
 Meaning of " debts contracted by herself" in Act of 1848, 
 IJ. 272; 1 H. 480; 8 C. 432. 
 
 8. Separation of. See Marriage. 
 
 ID CERTUM EST QUOD REDDI CERTUM POTEST. 
 Maxim applied to judgment in scire facias, 1 P. & W. 72. 
 
 IDEM SONANS. 
 
 Application of rule as to, 1 H. 331; 4 H. 319; 3 Wr. 429 ; 
 4 Wr. 453. 
 
 IDENTITY. 
 
 I. Of persons. 
 
 Proof of, 1 D. 61; 2 D. 72 ; 2 S. & R. 34 ; 10 S. & R. 
 197 ; 2 Barr 182 ; 2 Gr. 459; 7 S. 397. 
 
 II. Of real estate conveyed or devised. 
 
 Proof of, 9 S. & R. 47; 4 R. 130; 19 S. 128. 
 
 III. Of names. 
 
 A question of fact, 3 S. & R. 202 ; 3 Barr 317 ; 3 S. 
 427; 7 S. 350. 
 
 IV. Of forged documents. 
 
 Proof of, 4 S. & R. 337; 1 C. 133. 
 
 V. Of papers. 
 
 Proof of, 2 Wb. 131; 3 Wh. 370. 
 
 IGNORANTIA LEGEM NON EXCUSAT. 
 Maxim applied, 7 W. 372. 
 
 ILLEGAL CONDITION AND CONTRACT. See Assump- 
 tion; Bond; Conditions; Contract. 
 
 ILLEGAL FEES. See Fees. 
 
 ILLEGAL IMPRISONMENT. See False Imprisonment. 
 
 ILLEGAL OUTFIT. 
 Of privateer, 2 D. 328. 
 
 ILLEGAL PROCESS. See Capias. 
 
 ILLEGAL TESTIMONY. See Evidence; Charge of the 
 Court. 
 
ILLEGITIMACY— IMPLIED WARRANTY. 411 
 
 ILLEGITIMACY. 
 
 1. Evidence, admissibility of, 2 Y. 289. 
 
 2. Cannot exist when access oe married parents is pos- 
 
 sible, 6 B. 283. 
 
 ILLEGITIMATE CHILDREN. 
 I. Rights of. 
 
 1. To support, 4 B. 541; 4 S. & R. 449; 12 S. 139; 14 
 
 S. 403. 
 
 2. Liability of surety on bond for support of, 14 S. 
 
 404. 
 
 8. To compensation for services, 4 D. 130. 
 
 4. To inherit, 13 Wr. 373; 8 S. 55. 
 
 5. After legitimating Act op Assembly, 5 W. & S. 
 
 171; 10 C. 126; 3 Wr. 120; 13 Wr. 373; 2 S. 113; 
 8 S. 55 ; 14 S. 493. 
 XL Custody of, 6 S. & R. 255; 14 S. 403, 405. 
 
 III. Concealing death of. 
 
 Indictment for, 2 S. & R. 40 ; 8 W. 535. 
 
 IV. Validity of contract of compromise between fath- 
 
 er and mother of, 9 W. & S. 69. 
 
 V. Bond of imdemnity by father of, construed, 3 H. 409. 
 
 VL Settlement of, 12 Wr. 402 ; 14 S. 149. 
 
 VII. Descent from the mother to the children of an 
 illegitimate, 14 S. 493. 
 
 ILLICIT TRADE. 
 
 Breach of warranty against, 3 S. & R. 74; 4 S. & R. 29. 
 
 IMPARLANCE. 
 
 1. Power of court over, 2 D. 260; 3 D. 262. 
 
 2. Plea in abatement after, 15 S. & R 150. 
 
 IMPERFECT OBLIGATION. 
 
 Sustained and enforced by legislation, 4 S. & R. 361 ; 10 S. 
 & R. 97 ; 15 S. & R. 72 ; 16 S. & R. 35 ; 17 S. & R. 64 ; 
 1 W. 356 ; 2 W. 433 ; 7 W. 300 ; 5 Barr 145 ; 3 H. 
 170. 
 
 IMPERFECT RIGHT TO LAND. 
 
 1. Creation of, 1 Y. 509. 
 
 2. Conveyance of, 1 Y. 500 ; 7 Barr 478. 
 IMPLIED CONTRACT. /S'ee Assumption. 
 IMPLIED COVENANT. See Covenant ; Partnership. 
 IMPLIED WARRANTY. See Sale ; Warranty. 
 
412 IMPORTATION ACT— INCOME. 
 
 IMPORTATION ACT. 
 
 Competency of witnesses under, 1 D. 63. 
 
 IMPRESSIONS OP WITNESSES. See Evidence; Wit- 
 nesses. 
 
 IMPRISONMENT. 
 
 Act to graduate, terms of construed, 6 Wr. 446. 
 
 IMPROPER INFLUENCE. 
 
 Over testator. See Wills. 
 
 IMPROVEMENT. 
 
 1. On line of public road should appear in report of 
 
 VIEWERS. See Roads. 
 
 2. Meaning of in Mechanics' Lien Law, 7 Wr. 310. 
 
 3. On land of another, 1 S. & R. 41 ; 3 W. 238 ; 6 W. 
 
 435 ; 7 W. 394 ; 4 W. & S. 323 ; 9 W. & S. 209, 210 ; 
 6 Barr 374 ; IJ. 419 ; 7 C. 456 ; 3 S. 110. 
 
 4. By guardian on land purchased from ward, 3 S. 110. 
 
 5. By vendee. 
 
 Evidence of in ejectment. See Ejectment. 
 
 6. Effect of encouragement to make, 4 W. & S. 323 ; 1 
 
 J. 419. 
 
 IMPROVEMENT LEASE. 
 
 Building under, subject to Mechanics' Lien Law, 6 W. 52; 12 
 C. 437; 7 Wr. 310. 
 
 IMPROVEMENT RIGHT TO PUBLIC LAND. See Set- 
 tlement and Improvements. 
 
 INADEQUACY OF PRICE. 
 
 No objection to judicial sale, 5 Wr. 135; 12 Wr. 68. 
 
 INCESTUOUS "MARRIAGES. 
 
 Act of 1815 relative to, construed, 20 S. 392. 
 
 INCIDENTAL EXPENSES. 
 Meaning of in will, 4 C. 63. 
 
 INCOME. 
 
 1. Meaning of in will, 8 Wr. 345. 
 
 2. What passes by grant or bequest of, 3 R. 480 ; 4 R. 
 
 440, 450 ; 4 W. 130 ; 6 W. 14 ; 6 Wh. 78 ; 8 Wr. 
 245 ; 11 Wr. 376 ; 13 Wr. 333 ; 3 S. 79 ; 9 S. 70, 73 ; 
 11 S. 478 ; 14 S. 261, 268, 274. 
 
INCOME— INDEMNIFIED SUEETY. 413 
 
 INCOME— continued. 
 
 3. Liability of for debts incurred by cestui que trust, 
 
 10 Wr. 485. 
 
 4. Taxation op. See Taxation. 
 
 INCOMPATIBLE OFFICES, 4 D. 229; 3Y. 300, 814, 320; 
 1 S. & R. 1; 4 S. & R. 275 ; 17 S. & R. 219 ; 7 W. & S. 
 104 ; 5 Barr 67. 
 
 INCONSISTENT DEFENCES, 8 H. 312. 
 
 INCONSISTENT ENACTMENT. See Acts of Assembly. 
 
 INCORPOREAL HEREDITAMENT. 
 
 1. Presumption as to grant, 8 W. 51. 
 
 2. Creation of in fee, 3 S. 229 ; 5 S. 9. 
 
 3. Action for, 2 Y. 333. 
 
 4. Extinguishment of, 7 C. 475. 
 
 5. Application of Statute of Limitations to, 3 Gr. 175. 
 
 See also, Easement. 
 
 INCUMBRANCES, /^ee Encumbrance ; Judgment; Mort- 
 gage. 
 
 INDEBTEDNESS. 
 
 1. Answer in equity, when evidence of, 11 "Wr. 512. 
 
 2. Conveyance in anticipation of, discussed, 3 "Wr. 499. 
 
 See Fraudulent Conveyance, Husband. 
 
 3. Not inferred from direction in will to pay debts, 
 
 11 "Wr. 378. 
 
 INDECENT EXHIBITION. 
 Indictment for, 2 S. & R. 121. 
 
 INDEFINITE FAILURE OF ISSUE, 3 Y. 234 ; 3 S. & R. 
 477; 6 S. &R. 32; 15 S. & R. 148; 17 S. & R. 295; 4 H. 
 95 ; 11 H. 10 ; 1 Wr. 31 ; 2 "Wr. 166 ; 4 "Wr. 18, 22 ; 13 
 "Wr. 333; 3 Gr. 306; 2 S. 274; 10 S. 141; 13 S. 481; 15 
 S. 388. 
 
 INDEMNIFIED SURETY. 
 
 1. Application of Statute of Limitations against, 3 "Wr. 
 
 513. 
 
 2. Contract with, construed, 4 S. 154. 
 
414 INDEMNITY. 
 
 INDEMNITY. 
 
 I. Implication of, 5 Barr 540. 
 
 II. Contract for construed, 3 P. & W. 387 ; 4 Barr 160 ; 
 
 3 H. 409 ; 3 Wr. 167, 528, 7 Wr. 115. 
 
 III. Bond of. 
 
 1. When necessary, 8 S. & R. 328 ; 2 R. 52, 185 ; 6 Wh. 
 
 60; 2 H. 14; 3 H. 79; 2 C. 173; 1 Wr. 399. See 
 Constable; Sheriff. 
 
 2. When unnecessary, 1 Wr. 5; 10 S. 217. 
 
 3. Merger of assumption in, 1 J. 163. 
 
 4. Continuing, 4 W. & S. 577; 7 H. 409. 
 
 5. "From time to time and at all times hereafter" 
 
 IN, construed, 3 H. 409. 
 
 6. Validity of consideration for, 2 C. 335; 6 C. 267. 
 
 7. Promise to repay not implied from, 11 Wr. 490. 
 
 8. Liability op obligor, 4 R. 83; 3 Wh. 88; 7 Barr 
 
 206; 5 C. 337, 341. 
 
 9. What will discharge, 5 C. 341. 
 
 10. Right of sureties in, 6 W. & S. 147. 
 
 11. Liability of surety in, 5 H. 327 ; 1 S. 219 ; 18 S. 
 
 226. 
 
 12. Breach of condition in, 3P. & W. 374; 4 W. 95; 8 
 
 W. 157; 3 Wh. 88; 5W. & S. 440; 9 Barr 366; 3 
 Wr. 167; 4 Wr. 178; 18 S. 38 J. 
 
 13. Notice of breach of, 9 Barr 366. 
 
 14. Action on, 4 R. 83 ; 3 Barr 483. 
 
 By surety before judgment or payment, 3 P. & W. 374; 
 
 4 W. 95; 8 W. 157; 5 W. & S. 440; 9 Barr 366; 
 
 16 S. 380, 381. 
 Before eviction, 7 Wr. 115. 
 By assignee of bonds, 4 Y. 170 ; 10 Wr. 262. 
 After death of obligor, 5 W. 440. 
 Declaration in, 11 S. & R. 52. 
 Declaration in when bond is to several, 1 W. 314. 
 Evidence in for plaintiff, 1 Barr 366 ; 10 Barr 164; 4Wr. 
 
 178; 5 Wr. 206. 
 Evidence in for defendant, 4 R. 83 ; 1 W. 494; 3 Barr 
 
 488; 4 Wr. 178; 5 Wr. 206; 10 Wr. 262, 
 
 Judgment in, 4 R. 83 ; 5 W. 120 ; 1 C. 424. 
 Scire facias on, 6 Barr 465. 
 
 15. Relief against in equity, 11 Wr. 520. 
 
 IV. Mortgage for, 3 H. 79. 
 
INDENTURE— INDICTMENT. 415 
 
 INDENTURE. iS'ee Apprentice ; Deed. 
 
 INDEPENDENCE. 
 
 Effect of Declaration of, on contracts, 3 D. 224. 
 
 INDEPENDENT COVENANTS. See Covenant. 
 
 INDESCRIPTIVE WARRANT. 
 
 1. Validity OF, 2D. 210; 2 Y. 463, 476; 3 Y. 280, 374; 4Y. 
 
 215; 4B. 51; 10 S. & R. 214; 4 Wr. 250; 7Wr. 197; 
 9 Wr. 495. 
 
 2. Commencement of title under, 6 S. & R. 180 ; 7 C. 
 
 349. 
 
 3. When evidence, 14 Wr. 250. 
 
 4. Survey under, 7 Wr. 197. 
 
 5. Effect op calls in for particular streams, 9 Wr. 495. 
 
 INDEX. See Judgment. 
 
 INDIAN HOSTILITIES. 
 
 Effect of, on warrant and survey of land, 3 Y. 580. See Im- 
 provement. 
 
 INDIAN LANDS. 
 
 1. History of, 6 B. 68, 83. 
 
 2. Settlement and improvement of, 1 Y. 502 ; 2 Y. 129, 
 
 213, 224, 439, 450; 3 Y. 224; 1 B. 246, 385; 6 B. 68; 
 
 1 S. &R. 575; 2 S. & R. 436. 
 
 3. Warrant and survey on, 6 B. 68. 
 
 4. Pre-emption right to, 1 Y. 213, 497, 499. 
 
 INDIAN PURCHASE OF 1760. 
 
 1. Settlement and improvement of, 1 Y. 502; 2 Y. 213; 
 
 IB. 385; 5B. 162. 
 
 2. Patent for, 2 Y. 127. 
 
 INDICTABLE OFFENCES. 
 
 What are, 1 D. 338; 2 B. 332; 11 S. & R. 394; 12 S. & R. 
 175 ; 1 Barr 224. See Indictment, VI. 
 
 INDICTMENT. 
 
 I. Finding of, a part of the trial, 3 D. 575 ; 1 Gr. 262. 
 
 II. Record of, when sufficient, 14 Wr. 9. 
 
 III. When defendant entitled to copy of, 1 D. 33; 2 
 D. 343. 
 
 IV. Discharge from, for non-trial, 3 Y. 264, 266, 463; 
 
 2 D. 9; 16 S. & R. 305; 7 W. 366; 2 Wh. 500, 502; 7 
 W. & S. 110; 5C. 129. 
 
416 INDICTMENT. 
 
 INDICTMENT— cowimMecZ. 
 
 V. Form of. 
 
 1. As TO CERTAINTY OP CHARGE, 3 Y. 416; 4 Y. 327; 1 B. 
 
 201; 2 B. 382; 6 S. & R. 224, 398; 7 S. & R. 469; 
 10 S. & E. 173, 316, 373; 1 R. 142; 8 W. 213, 535; 
 9 W. 141; 2 Gr. 385; 17 S. 203. 
 
 2. As TO DISJUNCTIVE CHARGE IN, 3 Y. 421, 453. 
 
 3. As TO JOINDER OF OFFENCES, 7 S. & R. 469; 12 S. & R. 
 
 69; 14 Wr. 245; 2 S. 424; 19 S. 482. 
 
 4. As TO RESIDENCE OF DEFENDANT, 2 D. 93; 9 W. 141. 
 
 5. As TO DESCRIPTION IN, 1 Gr. 263. 
 
 6. As TO DATE OF OFFENCE, 5 S. & R. 315; 11 S. & R. 
 
 177; IR. 142; 9 W. 141. 
 
 7. As TO REPUGNANT ALLEGATIONS IN, 1 D. 68. 
 
 8. Joinder of counts in, 1 D. 5; 7 S. & R. 469; 12 S. & 
 
 R. 69; 2S. 424; 19 S. 482. 
 
 9. Joinder of defendants in, 7 S. & R. 469 ; 5 W. & S. 
 
 385. 
 
 10. Duplicity in, 1 C. 169 ; 14 Wr. 245. 
 
 11. Laying offence feloniously, 2 D. 229; 11 S. & R. 
 
 177; 2 Gr. 385. 
 
 12. As to conclusion, 2 B. 332 ; 3 S. & R. 463 ; 7 S. & 
 
 R. 489 ; 1 Barr 154 ; 1 Gr. 262. 
 
 13. Clerical errors in, 1 R. 142. 
 
 14. Endorsement of name of prosecutor, 1 D. 5. 
 
 15. When defects to be objected to, 8 Wr. 197 ; 13 Wr. 
 
 478 ; 14 Wr. 245 ; 1 Gr. 262. 
 
 16. When and for what cause quashed, 4 Y. 73 ; 7 S. & 
 
 R. 469 ; 2 Wh. 500 ; 1 Barr 105 ; 17 S. 30, 203. 
 
 VI. For statutory offences. 
 
 1. Generally, 3 Y. 451 ; 2 B. 332 ; 6 S. & R. 5 ; 3 P. & 
 
 W. 142; 1 Barr 224. 
 
 2. Destroying timber, 7 Barr 439. 
 
 3. Counterfeiting, 2 B. 332. 
 
 4. Fraudulent insolvency, 3 Y. 451; 5 Wh. 69. 
 
 5. Erecting fish dams, 6 S. & R. 5. 
 
 6. Selling lottery tickets, 7 S. & R. 469. 
 
 7. Blasphemy, 11 S. & R. 394. 
 
 8. Fornication and bastardy, 1 R. 142. 
 
 9. Abduction of negro, 4 S. & R. 218 ; 3 P. & W. 142. 
 
INDICTMENT— INFANT. 41Y 
 
 INDICTMENT— conCmMecZ. 
 
 10. Concealing birth of bastard, 2 S. & R. 40; 8 W. 
 
 536. 
 
 11. Against public officers, 9 W. 114 ; 7 Barr 275. 
 
 12. Selling liquor without license, 4 S. & R. 141 ; 8 
 
 C. 99. 
 
 13. For murder in attempt to commit felony, 7 W. & 
 
 S. 415. See Murder. 
 
 14. For murder under revised code, 1 Wr. 108. 
 
 15. Against accessory, 1 C. 221. 
 
 VII. Plea to. 
 
 1. Irregularities of grand jury, not in bar, 1 C. 169. 
 
 2. " Guilty," cures defects in indictment, 13 S. 34. 
 
 VIII. Demurrer to, 4 Y. 73 ; 7 S. & R. 469. 
 
 IX. Trial of. 
 
 1. Joint and several, 5 S. & R. 59; 12 C. 305. 
 
 2. Power of court to compel prosecutor to elect 
 
 CHARGE, 7 S. & R. 469. 
 
 3. Entry of arraignment on, 5 S. & R. 315; 4 H. 129, 
 
 133; 10 H. 94; 8 S. 9 ; 19 S. 286. 
 
 4. Offence must be found as charged, 2 B. 541. 
 6. Competency, OF witness in, 3 Y. 65; 12 C. 305. 
 
 X. Verdict on. 
 
 When there are several counts, 10 H. 351 ; 4 C. 13 ; 19 
 S. 482. 
 
 XI. Costs on, 2 C. 171. 
 
 XII. Removal of to Supreme Court, 2 Wh. 112. 
 What reviewed in error, 10 H. 351. See Error. 
 
 INDIVIDUALS. 
 
 1. Meaning of in statute, 9 H. 9. 
 
 2. Right of to use railroads, 9 H. 23. See Railroad. 
 
 INDORSEMENT. See Bills and Notes. 
 
 "IN DUE FORM OF LAW." 
 Meaning of, 7 Wr. 295. 
 
 INDULGENCE TO CREDITOR. 
 
 Effect of on surety. See Surety. 
 
 INEVITABLE DANGER OF THE RIVER. 
 
 Meaning of in policy, 8 S. & R. 533. 
 
 INFANCY. 
 
 Evidence of in assumpsit, 4 D. 130 ; 10 W. 82. 
 
 27 
 
418 INFANT— INHABITANT. 
 
 INFANT. See Minor. 
 
 INFERENCE OF WITNESSES, 5 W. & S. 333; 7 W. & S. 
 89. See Evidence ; Witness. 
 
 INFORMAL. 
 
 1. Recognisance, 1 Wr. 177. 
 
 2. Bond, 6 Wr. 453 ; 7 Wr. 83. 
 
 INFORMALITY. 
 Amendment of. See Amendment. 
 
 INFORMATION. 
 
 1. Is in nature op civil suit, 2 D. 367. 
 
 2. In nature of quo warranto, 2 D. 429; 4 D. 229; 5 B. 
 
 353. 
 
 3. Against justice oe the peace, 2 D. 112; 1 Y. 206, 370. 
 
 419. 
 
 4. Against judge of court, 4 D. 225. 
 
 5. For holding incompatible offices, 4 D. 229. 
 
 6. For violating neutrality law, 2 D. 367. 
 
 7. For violating revenue law, 4 D. 28. 
 
 8. For taking illegal fees, 1 Y. 71, 206, 370. 
 
 9. For refusing to act in quelling riot, 1 Y. 419. 
 
 10. For taking insufficient security, 1 Y. 371. 
 
 11. Manner of proceeding in, 2 D. 162; 1 Y. 206; 7 Barr 
 
 34. 
 
 12. Costs on, 1 Y. 206. 
 
 INFORMER. 
 
 I. Rights of. 
 
 1. To SHARE of fine, 5 B. 65. 
 
 2. To SUE IN OWN name, 8 W. & S. 342. 
 
 3. To TESTIFY, 1 D. 63 ; 1 Or. 329. 
 
 II. Liability op. 
 
 To costs, 1 D. 63. See Qui Tam Action. 
 
 INFLUENCE. 
 
 1. Improper under election law, 3 Y. 68. 
 
 2. Over testator. See Wills. 
 
 INGERSOLL, JARED. 
 
 Appointed Attorney-General of United States, 2 Y. 577. 
 
 INHABITANT. 
 1. Distinguished prom subject, 1 D. 60. 
 
INHABITANT— INJUNCTION. 419 
 
 INRABITANT— continued. 
 
 2. Distinguished from resident, 1 D. 245. 
 
 3. Meaning of in attachment law, 1 D. 152, 158, 481 ; 2 
 
 •D. 92 ; 3 Y. 55. 
 
 INHERITABLE BLOOD. 
 
 1. As TO ALIENS, 3 B. 275. 
 
 2. Definition op, 2 Wr. 430 ; 3 Wr. 417 ; 14 Wr. 311. 
 
 INHIBITION. 
 
 Writ of, 3 D. 87, 105. 
 
 INJUNCTION. 
 
 I. Power of courts to award, 6 Wh. 545; 3 W. & S. 184; 
 
 6 W. & S. 552; 7 Barr 366; 10 Barr 176; 9 C. 82; 
 11 C. 88; 7 Wr. 379; 11 Wr. 292; 1 Gr. 412; 4 S. 
 164, 183; 12 S. 17. 
 
 II. Object of pkbliminart, 3 S. 224; 4 S. 164, 183; 10 S. 
 
 172; 12 S. 17; 18 S. 370. 
 
 III. Parties to. 
 
 1. Plaintiffs. 
 
 Directors of railroad company, 7 H. 211. 
 
 Canal commissioner of Commonwealth, 12 H. 159 ; 9 
 
 C. 9. 
 Private parties, 4 S. 407. 
 Heirs of grantor, 6 Wr. 132. 
 
 2. Defendants. 
 
 Private corporations, 3 W. & S. 184, 193; 10 Barr 176; 
 
 7 H. 211; 12 H. 159; 6 C. 9 ; 2 Wr. 102; 5 Wr. 
 
 477; 13Wr. 310; 14Wr.91; 4S.404; 12 S. 218; 
 
 14 S. 393. 
 Partners, 1 S. & R. 124 ; 1 Wr. 218. 486. 
 Trustees, 6 Wr. 132. 
 
 IV. Proceedings to obtain. 
 
 1. Notice of application for, 4 D. 2. 
 
 2. Petition for, 2 D. 405; 7 H. 211; 12 S. 218. 
 Affidavit to, 2 D. 260, 264; 10 S. 172; 16 S. 411; 18 
 
 S. 370. 
 Amendment of, 12 H. 159. 
 
 3. By whom granted in Supreme Court, 6 Wh. 545. 
 
 4. Granted on terms, 7 Wr. 372. 
 
 5. Bond in, 2 D. 405; 2 C. 287. 
 
 6. Issue awarded in, 4 S. 40; 19 S. 475. 
 
 7. When to be referred to master, 12 S. 447. 
 
 8. Effect of answer to petition for, 3 W. & S. 199. 
 
420 INJUNCTION. 
 
 INJUNCTION— com^mwec?. 
 V. When granted generally, 4 Wh. 424 ; 6 Wh. 541 ; 7 
 W. & S. 104; 2 H. 193; 11 Wr. 292; 4 S. 164, 183, 
 401. 
 
 1. To PREVENT WASTE, 6 W. & S. 173; 7 W. & S. 107; 
 
 6 C. 382; 9 Wr. 455; 19 S. 475. 
 
 2. To PREVENT DISTURBANCE OP EASEMENT, 1 Wr. 503. 
 
 3. To RESTRAIN SALE OF UNSEATED LAND, 5 C. 121. 
 
 4. To RESTRAIN IMPROPER EXERCISE OF PUBLIC DUTY, 1 
 
 Wr. 277; 5 Wr. 68; 6 Wr. 400; 8 Wr. 442; 9 Wr. 
 388; 11 Wr. 103, 292, 361, 382; 12 Wr. 118; 14 
 Wr. 91. 
 
 5. To PREVENT TRANSFER OF STOCK, 2 D. 360. 
 
 6. To PREVENT COLLECTION OF WHARF RENTS, 12 Wr. 118. 
 
 7. To STAY PROCEEDINGS AT LAW, 4 D. 3; 7 W. 104; 6 
 
 Wh. 522, 545; 8 Barr 57; 9 Wr. 455; 11 Wr. 367; 
 
 4 S. 361; 10 S. 172; 11 S. 424. 
 
 8. To PREVENT CONSOLIDATION OF RAILROAD COMPANIES, 
 
 5 Wr. 447. 
 
 9. To RESTRAIN PARTY FROM HOLDING INCOMPATIBLE OFFI- 
 
 CES, 7 W. & S. 104. 
 
 10. To RESTRAIN PARTY FROM USURPING OFFICIAL POWERS, 
 
 11 Wr. 103, 292; 14 Wr. 91. 
 
 11. To PREVENT OR ABATE NUISANCE, 7 Barr 348; 2 H. 
 
 186 ; 1 Wr. 503 ; 2 Wr. 102 ; 4 S. 40. See Nuisance. 
 
 12. To PREVENT husband's CREDITORS FROM SELLING WIFE'S 
 
 ESTATE, 4 Wr. 194; 11 S. 15, 424. 
 
 13. To PREVENT IRREPARABLE MISCHIEF, 12 H. 159 ; 1 Wr. 
 
 503; 2 Wr. 102; 4 S. 20, 102, 183, 401 ; 10 S. 172 ; 
 
 12 S. 17, 218, 447. 
 
 14. To ENFORCE JUDGMENT OF OUSTER AND EXCLUSION, 3 
 
 Gr. 368. 
 
 15. To PREVENT OPENING OF STREET UNTIL PAYMENT OF 
 
 COMPENSATION, 2 0. 46. 
 
 16. To PREVENT ENCROACHMENT IN PUBLIC STREET, 7 Wr. 
 
 486; 14 Wr. 499. 
 
 17. In WATER RIGHT CASES, 1 Wr. 100; 5 C. 170; 4 S. 164; 
 
 5S. 138; 14 S. 387. 
 
 18. In PARTNERSHIP CASES, 1 S. & R. 124; 1 Wr. 218, 
 
 486. 
 
 19. To RESTRAIN RAILROAD COMPANY PROM TAKING LAND 
 
 WITHOUT COMPENSATION, 3 Wh. 502; 3 S. 224; 5 S. 
 128. 
 
INJUNCTION— INNKEEPER. 421 
 
 INJUNCTION— coMimwecZ. 
 
 20. For impkopbe use of franchise, 12 S. 218. 
 
 21. In election cases, 7 Wr. 372, 384; 11 Wr. 292; 6 
 
 S. 359. 
 
 22. To RESTRAIN CANAL COMPANY AS TO USE OF WATER, 14 
 
 S. 393. 
 
 23. To RESTRAIN IMPROPER ERECTION OF PUBLIC WORKS, 
 
 12 Wr. 439. 
 
 24. To RESTRAIN SALE OF PUBLIC WORKS, 6 0. 9. 
 
 25. To RESTRAIN CORPORATE ACTS, 13 Wr. 310; 12 S. 218. 
 
 26. To RESTRAIN BREACH OF TRUST, 6 Wr. 132; 18 S. 362. 
 
 27. To RESTRAIN COLLECTION OF ILLEGAL TAXES, 2 Wr. 
 
 309 ; 7 Wr. 384. 
 
 28. To RESTRAIN CONTINUOUS TRESPASSES, 6 S. 413. 
 
 29. To RESTRAIN ERECTION OF BUILDINGS, 12 H. 159; 7 
 
 Wr. 486; 7 S. 274. 
 
 30. To RESTRAIN PAYMENT OF MONEY BY BANK, 3 W. & S. 
 
 184; lOBarr 176. 
 
 31. To RESTRAIN GRANTOR FOR INTERFERING WITH LICENSE 
 
 TO MINE, 3 S. 229. 
 
 32. To RESTRAIN PROCEEDINGS IN ESCHEAT, 14 S. 186. 
 
 VI. In what CASES refused, 2 D. 105; 4 D. 6; 4 Wh. 424; 
 
 6 Wh. 522, 545; 6 W. & S. 173; 7 W. & S. 104; 2 
 Wr. 102; 5 Wr. 396; 11 Wr. 103; 1 Gr. 412; 4 S. 
 164, 183, 401; 10 S. 172; 12 S. 17, 218, 447; 16 S. 
 415; 20 S. 102. 
 
 VII. Dissolution of, 2 D. 361; 4 D. 3; 9 Wr. 238. 
 
 VIII. Appeal to Supreme Court on. 
 
 1. When allowed, 10 S. 444. 
 
 2. Record, how made up, 10 S. 172. 
 
 3. What heard on, 4 S. 164; 10 S. 172 ; 11 S. 15, 17. 
 
 IX. Action on injunction bond, 3 S. 153. 
 
 INK SEAL. 
 
 Validity of, 1 D. 64; 1 B. 90; 4 R. 165; 8 W. 382. 
 
 INNKEEPER. 
 
 I. Rights of. 
 
 1. To RECOVER RECKONING, 6 W. 65 ; 6 H. 48. 
 
 2. To SELL LIQUOR UNDER LICENSE, 9 H. 426. 
 
 II. Liability of. 
 
 1. For PERSONAL PROPERTY OF GUEST, 1 Y. 34 ; 12 S. 92. 
 
422 INNKEEPER— INQUEST. 
 
 IN'NKE'EPER— continued. 
 
 2. To WIDOW FOE DEATH OF HUSBAND FROM DRUNKENNESS, 
 
 4 Wr. 95. 
 
 3. Foe violation of Sunday Law, 9 H. 426 ; 10 C. 86. 
 
 INNOCENT HOLDER. 
 
 Of bill or note, 6 Wh. 220, 232; 10 H. 21 ; 17 S. 82, 85. 
 
 INNOCENT PARTY. 
 
 Where loss occurs to one of several, 6 S. & R. 308 ; 16 S. & R. 
 21 ; 17 S. & R. 438 ; 4 R. 318; 2 P. & W. 132 ; 3 P. 
 
 6 W. 9; 10 W. 332; 6 Barr 327; 2 H. 150, 306; 10 
 H. 219 ; 3 Gr. 281 ; 3 S. 349 ; 11 S. 471 ; 12 S. 24 ; 17 
 
 S. 82, 85. 
 
 INNOCENT PURCHASER. 
 
 1. How AFFECTED BT FRAUD, 2 P. & W. 52 ; 3 P. & W. 160 ; 
 
 4 W. 359, 362, 424 ; 8 W. 489 ; 9 W. 183 ; 3 W. & S. 
 479; 11 C. 239; 1 Wr. 315; 4 Wr. 417; 11 Wr. 96. 
 
 2. How AFFECTED BY UNRECORDED DEED, 3 S. & R. 430 ; 4 
 
 W. 359; 10 W. 13; 1 Wh. 410; 11 Wr. 96. See 
 Deed, VIII. 
 
 3. How AFFECTED WITH NOTICE, 10 W. 67 ; 7 H. 64 ; 4 Wr. 
 
 417. 
 
 INNUENDO. 
 
 Office of in declaration, 1 B. 537; 2 B. 60; 3 B. 515; 5 B. 
 218; 11 S. & R. 243; 2 W. 17, 20, 352, 353; 4fW. 
 293, 392; 8 W. 300; 2 J. 200; 4 H. 204; 6 H. 489; 
 11 H. 82; 8 C. 273; 1 Wr. 130; 2 Gr. 451; 3 S. 418; 
 
 7 S. 418; 9 S. 488. 
 
 "IN, OVER, CONTIGUOUS, OR NEAR TO." 
 Meaning of, 3 Y. 334. 
 
 IN PARI DELICTO MELIOR EST CONDITA DEFEND- 
 
 ENTES. 
 ^ Maxim applied, 1 C. 441 ; 18 S. 146. 
 
 INQUEST. 
 
 I. To APPRAISE REAL ESTATE. See PARTITION. 
 
 II. To ASSESS DAMAGES. 
 
 1. On JUDGMENT IN COURT, 3 D. 349 ; 2 Y. 261, 436 ; 4 
 
 Y. 261 ; 2 S. & R. 142 ; 13 S. & R. 447 ; 2 Barr 102. 
 
 2. For injury by canal or railroad company. See 
 
 Canals; Railroads; Turnpike Company. 
 
 3. Amendment of writ in, 4 Y. 371, 378. 
 
 4. Notice of, 4 Y. 261. 
 
INQUEST. 423 
 
 INQUEST— contiriued. 
 
 5. When unnecessary, 6 H. 15. 
 
 6. Evidence heard by, 5 D. 379. 
 
 7. Review of proceedings in error, 4 C. 295. 
 
 III. Super visum corpus. 
 
 1. RiGHi; OP coroner to hold. See Coroner. 
 
 2. Right oe justice to hold, 6 Wh. 269. 
 
 3. Suit by physician eor services on, 3 Barr 462 ; 4 
 
 Barr 269 ; 11 H. 141 ; 2 C. 156; 10 C. 801. 
 
 IV. Under landlord and tenant act. See Landlord and 
 
 Tenant. 
 
 V. To condemn real estate in execution. 
 
 1. Not an act of record, 18 S. 9. 
 
 2. Waiver of, 7 W. 333 ; 8 W. 403 ; 1 W. & S. 19, 519; 
 
 1 Barr 183 ; lO^Barr 208 ; 2 J. 289 ; 8 H. Ill, 115; 
 1 C. 182; 11 C. 97; 13 Wr. 155; 2 Gr. 107, 110; 6 
 S. 402; 11 S. 102; 20 S. 231. 
 
 3. Validity of sale without, 4 Y. 103, 212 ; 2 B. 80 ; 
 
 7 W. 331; 8 W. 422: 1 W. & S. 519; 2 J. 289; 3 H. 
 94; 8;H. 8, 18, 111, 115'; 1 0. 282; 11 C. 97 ; 3 S. 
 304; 4;S. 506'; 11 S. 96, 103; 18 S. 9. 
 
 4. Presumption as to, 2 S. & R. 56; 8 H. 116, 141; 18 
 
 S. 9. 
 
 5. When to be held, 1 D. 82, 377, 379; 2 B. 80; 8 W. 
 
 422 ; 1 Barr 429. 
 
 6. By sheriff's successor, 10 H. 198. 
 
 7. When unnecessary, 1 Y. 427 ; 2 Y. 454 ; 2 B. 80 ; 1 
 
 S. & R. 91; 7 W. 331; 8 W. 422; 7 W. c& S. 288; 4 
 W. & S. 255; 1 C. 282. 
 
 8. Notice of, 3 Y. 71 ; 2 B. 215 ; 2 H. 76 ; 3 C. 137. 
 
 9. Effect of plaintiff's order to abandon, 2 P. & W. 
 
 520. 
 
 10. Proceedings before jury. 
 What to be considered by, 1 Y. 477. 
 Evidence to be received by, 10 C. 328. 
 Valuation of, conclusive, 1 S. & R. 320 ; 8 H. 374. 
 Levy cannot be enlarged by, 1 D. 379 ; 4 Y. 114. 
 Land, extended by, 1 B. 214; 6 Wh. 165; 2 C. 391; 4 
 
 C. 169 ; 10 0. 244. 
 Date of not matter of record, 9 S. & R. 87. 
 Fees of jurors, 1 S. & R. 320. 
 
 11. When and for what set aside, 1 D. 379; 2 S. & R. 
 
 35; 9 W. 47. 
 
424 INQUEST— INSOLVENT DEBTOR. 
 
 INQUEST— continued. 
 
 12. Who may object to irregularity of, 2 H. 380, 384 ; 
 
 8H. Ill, 117; 5Barr 174. 
 
 13. When objection to be made, 5 Barr 174. 
 
 14. Waiver of objection to, 2 J. 115; 2 H. 384; 8 H. 
 
 111. 
 
 15. Explanation of report by parol, 7 W. & S. 134 ; 3 
 
 H. 92. 
 
 16. Amendment of, 4 Y. 371, 378. 
 
 INSANE PERSON. See Lunatics. 
 
 INSANE PRISONER. 
 
 Power of county commissioners over, 11 Wr. 509; 12 Wr. 123. 
 
 INSANITY. 
 When a defence to criminal charge, 4 Barr 264. 
 Proof of. 
 
 By declaration of party, 2 H. 91 ; 11 H. 117. 
 
 Manner of presenting to jury, 2 H. 149. 
 
 By subscribing witnesses to will, 2 H. 149. See Wills. 
 
 INSOLVENCY. 
 
 1. Definition of, 1 S. 398. 
 
 2. Effect op on contract, 2 Wr. 396. 
 
 8. Effect of on eight to administer, 9 C. 537. 
 
 4. Of decedent, 12 Wr. 57. 
 
 5. Op vendee. 
 
 Right of vendor on, 2 Wr. 396. See Sale ; Stoppage 
 in Transitu. 
 
 INSOLVENT CORPORATION. 
 
 Bill to enforce payment by, 1 S. 394. See Corporation. 
 
 INSOLVENT DEBTOR. 
 
 I. Arrest of, 3 Y. 189 ; 6 W. & S. 424. 
 
 II. Relief of. 
 
 1. Who within the law relative to, 1 B. 57, 462, 589 ; 
 
 1 Wh. 63. 
 
 2. Where cognisable, 3 W. & S. 494. 
 
 III. Petition for relief. 
 
 1. Form of, 1 B. 462 ; 2 S. & R. 407. 
 
 2. Affidavit to, 5 W. & S. 179 ; 10 H. 335. 
 
 3. Statement of debt in, effect of on right to plead 
 
 Statute of Limitations, 1 P. & W. 322 ; 10 Barr 129. 
 
 4. When to be presented, 1 D. 142, 149 ; 1 B. 589 ; 8 
 
 S. & R. 67 ; 10 W. 228. 
 
INSOLVENT DEBTOR. 425 
 
 INSOLVENT DEBTOR—continued. 
 
 5. Notice of, 4 Y. 352 ; 4 S. & R. 2. 
 
 6. Objection to, 1 B. 589. 
 
 IV. Bond. 
 
 1. Form of, 13 S. & R. 190 ; 14 S. & R. 380 ; 16 S. & R. 
 
 48; 17 S. & R. 438; 3 P. & W. 64; 2 "W. 431; 5 W. 
 346; 3 S. 198. 
 
 2. Stamp on, unnecessary, 3 S. 176. 
 
 3. Approval of and discharge under, 1 W. & S. 139 ; 
 
 4 W. & S. 30, 280, 465 ; 3 Barr 324. 
 
 4. Validity of, signed in blank, 17 S. & R. 438; 2 P. & 
 
 W. 64. 
 
 5. Duty of insolvent under bond, IP. & W. 267; 10 
 
 W. 228. 
 
 6. Liability of surety on, 3 W. 384; 8 W. & S. 69, 89; 
 
 2 Barr 173. 
 
 7. What will release surety, 4 W. 69 ; 6 W. 503, 508 ; 
 
 10 W. 228 ; 1 W. & S. 379 ; 4 W. & S. 30, 465 ; 2 Gr. 
 389. 
 
 8. Effect of reduction of bail by court, 2 Barr 173. 
 
 9. When void, 13 S. & R. 190 ; 3 S. 198. 
 
 10. Condition in, strictly enforced, 1 Wr. 275 ; 14 Wr. 
 
 194. 
 
 11. When inoperative, 9 W. 287. 
 
 12. Performance of, condition in, 8 S. & R. 367; 12 S. 
 
 & R. 105; 2 R. 163; 10 W. 288; 4 W. & S. 280, 465; 
 
 5 W. & S. 155; 6 W. & S. 120; 1 Wr. 275; 2 Wr. 
 270; 14 Wr. 194. 
 
 13. Effect of death of principal, 6 W. 503. 
 
 14. Effect on Act to Abolish Imprisonment for Debt, 
 
 2 Barr 61. 
 
 15. Surrender in discharge op, 14 S. & R. 380 ; 2 R. 
 
 163, 273; 1 P. & W. 270 ; 4 W. 69; 5 W. 346; 9 W. 
 287; 10 W. 228; 1 W. & S. 379, 382; 4 W. & S. 30 ; 
 5 W. & S. 179; 2 Barr 173 ; 1 Wr. 275 ; 2 Gr. 389. 
 
 16. Forfeiture op, 3 Y. 388, 397; 4 Y. 388 ; 14 S. & R. 
 
 173; 2 R. 272; 9 W. 287; 5 W. & S. 59; 2 Barr 
 
 492 ; 11 C. 459. 
 Effect of on creditor's right to alias execution, 2 R. 272 ; 
 
 1 P. & W. 267. 
 Waiver of right to by creditor, 1 P. & W. 267. 
 
426 INSOLVENT DEBTOK. 
 
 INSOLVENT DEBTOR— continued. 
 17. Action on. 
 
 Jurisdiction of justice in, 2 P. & W. 462; 3 P. & W. 64; 
 
 3 S. 176, 198. 
 Defence to suit on, 2 R. 197; 8 W. & S. 69 ; 6 W. & S. 
 
 424. 
 Competency of witnesses, 6 Barr 398. 
 Suspension of proceedings on, 2 Barr 173. 
 Judgment on, 4 "W. & S. 130. 
 
 V. Hearing of, 12 S. & R. 105 ; 10 W. 229. 
 
 1. Proop op fraud, 2 Y. 166. 
 
 2. Effect of, on rights of trustees of, 3 H. 385. 
 
 3. Decree relative to, 1 P. & W. 267. 
 
 VI. Assignment by. See Assignment, XXIII. 
 
 VII. Assignee of. See Assignee 27. 
 
 VIII. Discharge op. 
 
 1. Application for, 4 W. & S. 279 ; 5 W. & S. 155. 
 
 2. Who entitled to, 2 Y. 31 ; 4 B. 483. 
 
 3. By what court in Pennsylvania, 5 B. 518 ; 4 W. 201. 
 
 4. By foreign court, 1 D. 191, 224, 229; 2 D. 100, 236 ; 
 
 2 Y. 482 ; 3 Y. 358 ; 3 B. 201 ; 7 S. & R. 182 ; 2 
 Barr 83. 
 
 5. By act to abolish imprisonment for debt, 2 Barr 
 
 61. 
 
 6. Proof of, 4 Y. 352; 1 P. & W. 503; 1 Barr 503; 3 
 
 Barr 269. 
 
 7. Is A MATTER OP RECORD, 4 Y. 353; 5 W. & S. 279; 1 
 
 Barr 503. 
 
 8. Effect of, 1 D. 225 ; 4 Y. 352 ; 6 B. 391 ; 1 S. & R. 
 
 311; 3S. &R. 559; 4 S. &R. 506; 5 S. & R. 156; 
 9 S. & R. 2; 12 S. & R. 105; 14 S. & R. 173; 2 R. 
 197, 272; 1 Wh. 105; 2 Wh. 240; 3 Wh. 15; 5 Wh. 
 82; 4 W. & S. 30; 6 W. & S. 120; 7 W. & S. 168; 
 8 W. & S. 183; 3 H. 385; 5 H. 114; 10 H. 335. 
 
 9. Presumption arising from, 4 Y. 312; 1 H. 22. 
 
 10. Form op plea of, 5 W. & S. 279. 
 
 11. Not reversed collaterally, 2 S. & R. 182 ; 10 H. 
 
 335. 
 
 12. Conclusiveness of record of, 14 S. & R. 173 ; 10 H. 
 
 335; 1 Wr. 275. 
 
 IX. Commitment op. 
 
 1. Effect op, 3 S. 198. 
 
INSOLVENT DEBTOR— INSPECTOR. 427 
 
 INSOLVENT DEBTOU— continued. 
 2. What implied in, 3 S. 198. 
 
 X. Rights of. 
 
 1. To BEING EJECTMENT, 3 Y. 520. 
 
 2. To SUE IN OWN NAME AFTER ASSIGNMENT, 9 S. & R. 
 
 434. 
 
 3. To RETURN OF INTEREST IN ASSIGNED PROPERTY, 1 H. 
 
 22. 
 
 4. To PLEAD DISCHARGE, 5 W. & S. 279. 
 
 XL Liability. . 
 
 1. To LIEN OF JUDGMENT, 7 W. 84. 
 
 2. To EXECUTION, 3 Y. 182 ; 1 W. 897 ; 7 W. 84. 
 
 3. On NEW PROMISE, 4 R. 452; 4 Wh. 498. 
 
 4. For claims dub on custom house bonds, 2 S. & R. 221, 
 
 326. 
 
 5. To indictment for fraud, 2 Y. 166 ; 3 Y. 451 ; 6 S. 
 
 &R. 534; 2 Gr. 389. 
 
 6. For concealment of property, 3 Y. 457. 
 
 INSOLVENT LAW. 
 
 Must be strictly complied with, 3 Wli. 15 ; 1 Wr. 275 ; 14 
 
 Wr. 194. 
 "Not exceeding," meaning of in, 2 Y. 31. 
 
 INSPECTION. 
 
 No warranty implied in sales on, 3 Wr. 88. 
 
 INSPECTION LAWS. 
 
 1. Object of, 14 S. 105. 
 
 2. Penalty for evading, 6 B. 330. 
 
 INSPECTOR. 
 I. Of elections. 
 
 1. Appointment of, 3 D. 491. 
 
 2. Rights of. 
 
 To be candidate for office, 3 S. & R. 29. 
 To protection, 4 D. 254 ; 3 Y. 429. 
 To compensation, 4 S. & R. 443. 
 
 3. Powers of. 
 
 As to examination of elector, 3 Y. 429. 
 
 4. Liability of. 
 
 For refusing vote of elector, 11 S. & R. 35 ; 3 R. 172. 
 
 5. Certificate of, 11 Wr. 292. 
 
428 INSTANCE COUKT— INSURANCE. 
 
 INSTANCE COURT. 
 Definition of, 1 D. 105. 
 
 INSTRUMENTAL MEASUREMENT. 
 Value of in water right cases, 9 Wr. 61. 
 
 INSURABLE INTEREST. 
 
 1. What is an, 4 D. 421, 459, 461, 463, 466; 3 Y. 445, 
 
 450, 454, 458; 4 B. 529; 9 S. & R. 103; 9 Barr 199; 
 5 H. 480; 8 H. 337; 9 H. 513; 11 H. 250; 10 Wr. 
 323; 12 Wr. 368, 374; 14 Wr. 331, 341; 3 Gr. 71; 9 S. 
 474; 12 ,S. 340; 20 S. 458. 
 
 2. Proof of existence of, 4 Wh. 59, 67; 7 Barr 223; 9 
 
 ^Barr 198; 2 J. 391; 5 H. 290; 8 H. 342; 6 S. 257. 
 
 3. Effect of concealment of, 9 S. & R. 103. 
 
 4. Joint ownership of, 9 Barr 200; 5 H. 430; 9 S. 227. 
 
 5. Rights of owner of, 4 Wh. 74 ; 9 Barr 199 ; 5 H. 430 ; 
 
 7 H. 372 ; 9 S. 227. 
 
 6. Liability of owner of, 3 Wh. 520; 9 Barr 198; 9 S. 
 
 227. 
 
 INSURANCE. 
 I. Application foe. 
 
 1. What representations constitute a warranty, 3 C. 
 
 325, 331 ; 12 Wr. 374. 
 
 2. For re-insurance, construed, 11 C. 475. 
 
 3. Guaranty AS to rate of, not an insurance, 1 S. 442. 
 
 4. As TO omission in description of property, 7 H. 45 ; 
 
 11 H. 50 ; 1 Wr. 293 ; 10 Wr. 41 ; 12 Wr. 151 ; 14 
 Wr. 331. 
 
 5. As TO ESTIMATE OF AGENT, 4 Y. 69 ; 5 R. 342 ; 11 H. 
 
 50 ; 12 H. 320 ; 5 C. 31 ; 8 Wr. 269. 
 
 6. By HUSBAND AND WIFE IN NAME OF WIFE, 14 Wr. 341. 
 
 7. Effect op concealment in, 2 D. 275 ; 3 D. 491 ; 2 Y. 
 
 178; 6 B; 219; 5 H. 253; 11 H. 50; 12 Wr. 374; 
 14 Wr. 331 ; 6 S. 210. 
 
 8. Effect of omission in, 7 H. 45; 11 H. 50; 11 C. 282; 
 
 1 Wr. 293; 10 Wr. 41; 12 Wr. 151; 14 Wr. 299, 331. 
 
 9. Effect of misrepresentation in, 3 Y. 30, 84 ; 10 Wr. 
 
 41; 12 Wr. 151, 374; 14 Wr. 331. 
 
 10. Effect of mistake in, 14 Wr. 299. 
 
 11. Effect of additional insurance, 2 Wr. 250 ; 7 Wr. 
 
 350. 
 
INSURANCE— INSURANCE COMPANY. 429 
 
 INSJJUAN CIS,— continued. 
 
 12. Effect of over insurance, 4 Y. 161, 348; 4 B. 529; 
 5 B. 403; 2 S. & R. 309; 5 S. & R. 71, 478; 2 W. & 
 S. 506; 2 C. 199; 12 Wr. 367; 3 Gr. 207; 1 S.402; 
 16 S. 22. 
 
 INSURANCE AGENT. 
 
 1. Power and authority op, 9 Barr 201; 11 H. 72; 5 C. 
 
 31. 
 
 2. Opinion of, 4 Y. 169 ; 5 R. 342 ; 11 H. 50 ; 12 H. 320 ; 
 
 5 C. 31. 
 
 3. Competency of as witness, 4 D. 415 ; 14 Wr. 331. 
 
 4. Liability of, 5 B. 588. 
 
 INSURANCE BROKER. 
 
 1. For whom agent, 3 Y. 375 ; 9 Barr 201. 
 
 2. Rights of, 2 B. 239 ; 5 B. 538. 
 
 3. Duties of. 
 
 To obey orders of principal, 6 B. 308. 
 
 4. Powers, of, 1 D. 419; 3 Y. 375; 2 B. 309; 4 Barr 185; 
 
 9 C. 221; 8 Wr. 269; 17 S. 108. 
 
 5. Liability op, 2 B. 204, 239; 6 B. 308. 
 
 6. Ratification of acts of, 9 C. 221. 
 
 7. Notice to, 3 Y. 375; 3 S. 353. 
 
 INSURANCE COMPANY. 
 
 I. Proof of corporate existence of, 4 D. 415. 
 
 II. Rights of. 
 
 1. To DEFEND for BREACH OF CONDITION IN POLICY, 2 C. 
 
 196; 6 S. 210. 
 
 2. For over insurance, 4 Y. 161, 348 ; 4 B. 529 ; 5 B. 
 
 403; 2 S. & R. 309; 5 S. & R. 71, 473; 2 W. & S. 
 506; 2 C. 199; 12 Wr. 368; 3 Gr. 207; 1 S. 402; 
 16 S. 22. 
 
 3. For breach of warranty, 1 D. 162; 2 Y. 178, 420; 
 
 3 Y. 491; IB. 502, 592; 2 B. 309; 3 B. 457 ; 5 S. 
 &R. 73; 16 S. 22. 
 
 4. Fob omission in application op insurer, 7 H. 45; 
 
 11 H. 50; 1 Wr. 293; 10 Wr. 41; 12 Wr. 151; 14 
 
 Wr. 331. 
 6. For concealment, 2 D. 275; 3 D. 491; 2 Y. 178; 6 
 
 B. 219; 5 H. 253; 11 H. 50; 12 Wr. 374; 14 Wr. 
 
 371; 6 S. 210. 
 6. To notice of other insurances, 7 Wr. 350 ; 6 S. 256. 
 
430 INSURANCE COMPANY. 
 
 INSURANCE GOMPA.-EY— continued. 
 
 7. KlJOWLEDaB OF WHEN NOTICE, 6 S. 257. 
 
 8. For misrepresentation, 3 Y. 30, 84; 10 Wr. 41 ; 12 
 
 Wr. 151, 374 ; 14 Wr. 331. 
 
 9. For mistake of insured party, 14 Wr. 299. 
 
 10.- For unseaworthiness of vessel insured, 1 Wh. 398; 
 2 C. 192. 
 
 11. For fraud or false swearing of insured, 7 Wr. 
 
 350; 6 S. 210. 
 
 12. To cession of insured property, 4 B. 462; 5 H. 353; 
 
 9 H. 518. 
 
 13. To action for premium. See Insurance Premium. 
 
 14. Presumption in favor of, 2 C. 192. 
 
 15. Where no policy has been issued, 6 S. 256. 
 
 16. To notice and proof of loss, 2 D. 280; 9 C. 397; 4 
 
 Wr. 289, 311 ; 5 Wr. 161 ; 6 Wr. 188; 7 Wr. 350; 8 
 Wr. 259 ; 16 S. 9. 
 
 17. As to waiver of notice, 9 C. 397 ; 16 S. 9. 
 
 18. Waiver in strictness as to payments, 4 Wr. 311; 
 
 5 Wr. 161 ; 7 Wr. 350; 8 Wr. 259 ; 10 Wr. 323; 9 
 C. 397. 
 
 19. Waiver of forfeiture, 8 Wr. 259 ; 11 Wr. 204. 
 
 20. Waiver of statement of loss, 6 Wr. 188 ; 7 Wr. 350 ; 
 
 8 Wr. 91, 256. 
 
 21. As against agents of company, 5 B. 538. 
 
 III. Duties of. 
 
 1. To KNOW the usual laws of trade, 3 Y. 84. 
 
 2. To PROCURE PROMPT INTELLIGENCE OF LOSS, 2 Y. 178. 
 
 IV. Liability of. 
 
 1. During embargo, 4 D. 246, 274; 2 B. 547; 5 B. 403; 
 
 2 S. &R. 309; 5 S. & R. 71. 
 
 2. During quarantine, 4 D. 274. 
 
 3. On over insurance, 4 Y. 161, 348, App. xxxii. ; 4 B. 
 
 529 ; 5 S. & R. 473; 12 Wr. 368 ; 3 Gr. 71, 207. 
 
 4. On abandonment of insured property. See Aban- 
 
 donment. 
 
 5. On acceptance of insured property at intermedi- 
 
 ate PORT, 5 B. 525, 595; 2 S. & R. 553. 
 
 6. Foe vessel condemned on survey, 1 B. 592 ; 2 B. 
 
 394; 2 S. &R. 193. 
 
 8. As to average loss, 4 D. 463 ; 1 Y. 464; 1 B. 405; 2 
 
INSUEANCE COMPANY ON MUTUAL PLAN. 431 
 
 INSURANCE COMVA'NY— continued. 
 
 B. 295 ; 4 B. 513 ; 8 S. & R. 103 ; 4 Wh. 301 ; 8 H. 
 312. 
 
 9. As TO INJURY OF "HALF VALUE," 4 B. 386; 3 S. & R. 
 
 25; 5 S. &R. 501; 9 S. & R. 115. 
 
 10. As TO TOTAL LOSS, 1 D. 10 ; 2 D. 220 ; 4 D. 447 ; 1 Y. 
 
 457, 463, 464 ; 3 S. & R. 25; 5 S. & R. 473 ; 3 Wh. 
 473; 9 Barr 390 ; 6 C. 334; 19 S. 496. 
 
 11. As FREIGHT, 1 B. 405; 3 B. 437; 1 R. 97. 
 
 12. Where no policy has been issued, 6 S. 256. 
 
 13. Where a new voyasb has been made, 5 B. 403. 
 
 14. For loss by mobs and riots, 14 Wr. 341. 
 
 15. On capture, 5 B. 403. 
 
 16. For acts of agent, 5 R. 342 ; 4 Barr 185 ; 11 H. 50 ; 
 
 12 H. 320; 9 C. 225; 1 S. 403; 11 S. 91. 
 
 17. On notice to agent, 3 Y. 375 ; 3 S. 353. 
 
 18. For wages of crew during detention by loss, 7 H. 
 
 312. 
 
 19. As agent for owners, 4 D. 294. 
 
 20. After waiver of forfeiture, 2 C. 199. 
 
 21. To contribution with other companies, 4 S. 277. 
 
 22. Commencement of liability, 5 Barr 339, 342. 
 
 23. Restriction as to, 4 D. 283; 3 Y. 84; 4 Wh. 58, 
 
 69 ; 6 Wh. 482 ; 3 Barr 470 ; 5 H. 253, 291, 301 ; 9 
 H. 513. 
 
 24. Proof of loss, 3 Y. 442; 6 B. 59; 4 Wh. 58, 59. 
 
 25. Presumption of, 2 D. 282. 
 
 26. Where property is under execution, 6 Wh. 482; 6 
 
 Wr. 285 ; 8 Wr. 241. 
 
 27. Presumption against from silence, 11 H. 72. 
 
 28. To set off after insolvency, 3 Barr 470; 6 Barr 
 
 421. 
 
 29. To attachment at suit of insured party, 7 W. & S. 
 
 75. 
 
 30. On notice to agent of increased risk, 3 S. 353. 
 
 INSURANCE COMPANY ON MUTUAL PLAN. 
 
 1. Basis of, 7 W. & S. 348. 
 
 2. Object of, 7 W. & S. 351. 
 
 3. Rights and duties of members of, 7 W. & S. 348; 1 
 
 Barr 322; 3 Barr 470; 4 Barr 185; 6 Barr 421; 14 
 Wr. 331; 2 H. 395; 5 C. 31; IS. 402. 
 
432 INSUKANCE COMPANY— INSURANCE POLICY. 
 
 INSURANCE COMPANY, kc— continued. 
 
 4. Binding effect of constitution and by-laws of, 7 W. 
 
 & S. 348; 1 Barr 359; 2 H. 395; 5 H. 136; 1 S. 402. 
 
 5. Alteration of by-laws of, 5 H. 136. 
 
 6. Deposit notes, part of capital of, 1 Barr 359. 
 
 7. Taxation of, 9 Barr 413. 
 
 8. Report of committee as to losses, 5 C. 526. 
 
 9. Set off by member of, 3 Barr 4*^0 ; 6 Barr 421. 
 
 10. Appropriation of assessments for loss by fire, 1 Barr 
 
 322, 359. 
 
 11. Liability of members, 7 H. 372; 12 H. 320. 
 
 12. Admissions of agents and officers of, 4 Barr 187. 
 
 13. Notice of assessment, admissibility of in evidence, 3 
 
 Gr. 77. 
 
 14. Power to declare policy void for non-payment of as- 
 
 sessment, 8 Gr. 77. 
 
 15. Amount of assessment how ascertained, 16 S. 34. 
 
 16. Validity of, after assignment for creditors, 16 S. 34. 
 
 INSURANCE DOUBLE. See Double Insurance. 
 
 INSURANCE MONEY. 
 
 1. Ownership of, after contract to convey insured pro- 
 
 perty, 8 Wr. 200. 
 
 2. Attachment of, 7 W. & S. 76 ; 9 Wr. 129. 
 
 INSURANCE POLICY. 
 
 1. What equivalent to, 3 Gr. 123. 
 
 2. When an entire contract, 2 C. 196; 1 Wr. 205; 4 Wr. 
 
 289; 9 Wr. 289; 6 S. 210; 7 S. 74. 
 
 3. May be taken out by agent, 9 Barr 201. 
 
 4. What are "valued," 3 B. 204; 1 R. 97; 12 Wr. 367. 
 6. Countersigning of, by agent, 3 C. 268. 
 
 6. What risks are within, 1 B. 592 ; 8 S. & R. 98; 12 S. 
 
 &R. 440; 7 S. 74; 8 S. 414. 
 
 7. Delivery of, 3 C. 268. 
 
 8. Separate insurance on adjoining houses not an entire 
 
 contract, 7 S. 79. 
 
 9. To husband and wife in name of wife, 14 Wr. 341. 
 
 10. Not a protection against misconduct, 5 Wr. 341 ; 8 S. 
 
 414. 
 
 11. Admissibility of in evidence, 17 S. 108. 
 
INSUKANCE POLICY. 433 
 
 INSUEANCE TOLIGY— continued. 
 
 12. Warranty in. 
 
 Not to be implied, 7 C. 446. 
 
 Distinguished from representation, 12 Wr. 367. 
 
 Of neutrality, 2 Y. 178; 3 Y. 376; 4 Y. 293; 2 B. 309, 
 
 363; 3 B. 457, 474 ; 6 B. 378 ; 2 S. & R. 119; 12 
 
 S. & R. 440. 
 Of nationality, 3 D. 491; 4 Y. 293 ; 4 B. 529; 5 B. 464. 
 Of sea worthiness, 4 Y. 118; 1 B. 592; 2 B. 394; 4 B. 
 
 127; 3 S. & R. 25; 1 Wh. 398; 7 Barr 306. 
 Against prohibited trade, 5 B. 403; 6 B. 219; 1 S. & R. 
 
 281; 3 S. &R. 73; 4S. &R. 29. 
 Against loss from seizure and detention, 3 S. & R. 73. 
 Against cruising, 1 D. 162. 
 ' Not amended by parol, 14 Wr. 299, 331. 
 
 13. Forfeiture, waiver of, 8 S. 444. 
 
 14. Construction of. 
 
 General rule for, 3 Y. 381 ; 1 Wr. 205; 4 Wr. 289; 9 
 
 , Wr. 289 ; 4 S. 275 ; 6 S. 444. 
 As to commencement of risk under, 5 Barr 339, 342; 1 
 
 S. 143. 
 As to hazardous risks, 7 Wr. 350 ; 3 S. 485 ; 8 S. 414. 
 As to termination of risk, 6 Wh. 247 ; 1 S. 143. 
 "Exceptions" in, 8 C. 351; 14 Wr. 341. 
 Of conditions in, 1 Wr. 205, 293; 2 Wr. 130; 4 Wr. 
 
 289, 311; 5 Wr. 187; 11 Wr. 204; 14 Wr. 331, 
 
 341; 3 S. 485. 
 As to memorandum clause, 11 H. 262 ; 2 Wr. 176. 
 As to over insurance, 4 Y. 161, 348 ; 4 B. 529 ; 2 S. & 
 
 R. 809; 6S. & R. 473; 2 W. & S. 506; 2 C. 199 ; 
 
 12 Wr. 368 ; 3 Gr. 207 ; 1 S. 143, 155, 402. 
 As to risks preferred or otherwise, 11 H. 262. 
 As to what is covered by, 1 11. 218; 9H. 513; IWr. 298; 
 
 4 Wr. 311 ; 1 S. 402 ; 2 S. 456; 3 S. 485 ; 8 S. 
 
 414; 11 S. 91; 17 S. 108. 
 Parol explanation of, 17 S. 108. 
 
 "For account of whom it may concern" in, 5 H. 290. 
 As to condition not to encumber insured property, 5 Wr. 
 
 187. 
 " As interest shall appear" in, 3 D. 510, 511. 
 "Unavoidable dangers of navigation" in, 5 Wr. 378. 
 "Merchandise generally" in, 1 H. 121. 
 "Alteration and repairs at risk of insured" in, 1 Wr. 
 
 293. 
 Loss from "peril of the sea " in, 3 W. & S. 144. 
 As to provision against alienation, 7 H. 45 ; 9 S. 474. 
 28 
 
434 INSURANCE POLICY. 
 
 INSURANCE POLICY— continued. 
 
 As to "keeping inflammable materials," 6 0. 299 ; 3 S. 
 
 485. 
 As to "notice of loss," 16 S. 9. 
 As to " alteration of insured property," 6 C. 311; 1 Wr. 
 
 293 ; 4 Wr. 311 ; 8 S. 443. 
 As to value of property, 16 S. 22. 
 As to "change of business in insured property," 6 C. 
 
 315 ; 10 C. 77 ; 1 Wr. 293 ; 4 Wr. 311 ; 8 S. 419, 443. 
 As to "execution clause in," 6 Wr. 285; 8 Wr. 241. 
 As to "total loss," 1 D. 10; 2 D. 220; 4 D. 447; 1 Y. 
 
 457, 463, 464; 3 S. & R. 25; 5 S. & R. 473. 
 "Enemies, pirates and assailing thieves " in, 7 Wr. 491. 
 As to average loss, 1 Y. 464; 1 B. 405; 2 B. 295; 4 B. 
 
 513 ; 4 Wh. 301. 
 
 15. What will avoid, 1 D. 162 ; 2 D. 30, 84, 275; 3 D. 491; 
 
 2 Y. 178, 420; 1 B. 502, 592; 2 B. 309; 3 B. 457; 6 
 B. 219; 5 S. & R. 73; 7 Barr 306; 5 H. 253; 7 H. 
 45; 2 C. 199; 5 C. 31; 5 Wr. 187, 386; 12 Wr. 374; 
 14 Wr. 299; 3 Gr. 491; 1 S. 155, 462; 6 S. 442; 8 S. 
 443; 9 S. 474; 16 S. 22. 
 
 16. When fkaudulent as to ceeditoks, 14 Wr. 75. 
 
 17. Explanation of, 3 Y. 84 ; 3 W. & S. 506 ; 5 W. & S. 116 ; 7 
 
 H. 45; 3 Gr. 128 ; 6 S. 442; 11 S. 91 ; 17 S. 108. 
 
 18. Waiver of conditions in, 2 Wr. 250; 4 Wr. 311; 5 Wr. 
 
 161; 8 Wr. 91, 256; 10 Wr. 323; 11 Wr. 203; 12 Wr. 
 374 ; 3 Gr. 207. 
 '19. Effect of "abandonment," on. See Abandonment. 
 
 20. Effect of delivery of insured goods, 2 Wr. 396. 
 
 21. Effect of partial sale and joint possession, 4 Wr. 285. 
 
 22. Effect of alteration of property, 6 C. 311; 10 0. 79; 
 
 1 Wr. 293;4 Wr. 311; 8 S. 443. 
 
 23. Assignment of, 4 Wh. 72. 
 
 As security for lien on wife's estate, 11 Wr. 280. 
 
 24. Rights of assignee, 10 S. & R. 412 ; 7 C. 438 ; 6 Wr. 41 ; 
 
 8 Wr. 269; 9 Wr. 289; 12 Wr. 374. 
 
 25. Liability of, 3 Y. 327, 333 ; 1 B. 449. 
 
 Endorsement of approval of, 8 Wr. 89 ; 11 Wr. 204 ; 12 
 Wr. 374. 
 
 26. Action on. 
 
 In whose name, 2 Y. 281; 2 Wh. 174; 4 Wh. 67; 7 
 Barr 223 ; 5 H. 301 ; 9 C. 221 ; 8 Wr. 269 ; 11 
 Wr. 204 ; 3 S. 353. 
 
 Waiver of as to form of, 8 Wr. 269; 3 S. 353. 
 
INSUKANCE POLICY— INSUKED PARTIES. 435 
 
 INSURANCE VOLIGY— continued. 
 Service of writ in, 8 Wr. 422. 
 Declaration in, 3 Y. 384; 4 Barr 390 ; 7 Barr 223. 
 What should precede, 2 D. 280; 8 D. 477; 9 Barr 390; 
 
 7 H. 45; 12 Wr. 368. 
 Notice of insurer's interest, 12 Wr. 368, 375. 
 Evidence in, 1 D. 6, 101; 2 D. 196; 3 Y. 375; 4 Y. 
 
 115; IB. 40; 2 B. 363; 3 B. 326; 7 Barr 223 ; 9 
 
 Barr 390; 2 J. 391; 5 H. 253, 291; 2 0. 196; 5 
 
 G. 31; 9 0. 221; 1 Wr. 293; 2 S. 456; 3 S. 353. 
 Schedule of loss, admissibility of, 4 Wr. 289; 5 Wr. 161 ; 
 
 6 Wr. 188; 7 Wrf. 350; 8 Wr. 259, 269. 
 Set off in, 3 Y. 152, 327. 
 Location and destruction of insured property, questions 
 
 for the jury, 7 Wr. 350. 
 Verdict in, 1 D. 11; 4 D. 255, 283, 350,430; 2 Y. 281; 
 
 3 Y. 152, 375; 4 Y. 161; 1 B. 47; 5 B. 525; 5 S. 
 
 & R. 501; 1 Wr. 205; 6 Wr. 41; IS. 155. 
 Effect of, as to omission in declaration, 9 Barr 390. 
 Judgment on, lien of, 11 Wr. 344. 
 Execution, 1 Barr 183; 6 Wr. 285; 8 Wr. 241. 
 
 27. Renewal of with knowledge of increased eisk, 1 Wr. 
 298; 3 S. 353. 
 
 28. G-AMING AND WAGERING POLICIES, DISCUSSED, 3 B. 205, 
 
 461; 1 R. 97. 
 
 INSURANCE PREMIUM. 
 
 1. Lien of agent for, 5 B. 538. 
 
 2. When agent liable for, 5 B. 538. 
 
 3. Return of, 4 D. 463. 
 
 4. When evidence of unusual risk, 7 S. 74. 
 
 5. How affected by change of cargo, 3 D. 510. 
 
 6. Action for, 1 Y. 414; 4 Y. 468 ; 6 Wr. 41. 
 
 INSURED PARTIES. 
 I. Against loss by fire. 
 
 1. Rights of. 
 
 As to commencement of insurance, 5 Barr 339, 342. 
 On change of tenant or business of insured property, 5 
 
 C. 31; 6 C. 355; 10 C. 77; 1 Wr. 293; 4 Wr. 
 
 311 ; 9 Wr. 289_; 11 Wr. 203 ; 8 S. 419, 443. 
 As to termination of insurance, 6 Wh. 247. 
 Where no policy has been issued, 6 S. 256. 
 To recover for property lost while in sheriff's custody, 6 
 
 Wh. 483. 
 
436 INSURED PARTIES. 
 
 INSURED TAUTmS—aontinued. 
 
 Of joint owners in one policy, 9 S. 227. 
 
 For goods stolen at fire, 10 C. 96. 
 
 For consequential injuries, 3 Barr 470. 
 
 After contract to sell insured property, 7 H. 45 ; 9 H. 
 513 ; 8 Wr. 200. 
 
 To payment according to priority of loss, 1 Barr 322, 
 359. 
 
 To payment when fire occurred by negligence, 8 S. 419. 
 
 To sue in covenant on policy kept alive by parol endorse- 
 ments, 2 Wh. 167. 
 
 To assign policy, 17 S. & R. 373. 
 
 Measure of damages in action, 5 Barr 183. See ante, 23. 
 
 2. Duties of. 
 
 As to answering interrogatories of company. See Insur- 
 ance, I. 
 
 As to giving information tending to increase risk, 5 C. 31. 
 
 As to notice of loss, 5 0. 198; 9 C. 397; 4 Wr. 289, 
 311; 5 Wr. 161; 6 Wr. 188; 7 Wr. 350. 
 
 Waiver of notice, 3 Gr. 325. 
 
 As to statement of interest in insured property, 11 C. 
 282; 8 Wr. 259; 2 Gr. 326. 
 
 3. Liability of. 
 
 For misdescription of property, 5 R. 342 ; 11 H. 50 ; 12 
 
 H. 320. See Insurance, I. 4. 
 For misrepresentation, 3 Y. 30, 84 ; 10 Wr. 41 ; 12 Wr. 
 
 151, 374 ; 14 Wr. 331. 
 For error of officers of company, 5 R. 342 ; 4 Barr 185 ; 
 
 11 H. 50; 12 H. 320 ; 9 C. 225 ; 1 S. 403 ; 11 S. 
 
 91. 
 For mistake, 14 Wr. 299. 
 
 When description and policy vary, 7 H. 45 ; 11 H. 50. 
 For untrue answers to interrogatories of agent, 2 D. 275; 
 
 3 D. 491; 2 Y. 178; 6 B. 219; 5 H. 253; 11 H. 
 
 50. See Insurance, I. 7, 9. 
 For concealment of material facts, 2 D. 275 ; 3 D. 491 ; 
 
 2 Y. 178; 6 B. 219; 5 H. 253; 11 H. 50; 11 C. 
 
 282; 12 Wr. 151, 374; 14 Wr. 371; 6 S. 210. 
 On sale of insured property, 5 H. 430; 2 Wr. 396; 4 
 
 Wr. 285, 289, 311 ; 9 Wr. 289. 
 On increase of hazard, 1 Wr. 293; 4 Wr. 311; 3 S. 353, 
 
 485; 7 S. 74. 
 For change in use of insured property, 5 C. 31 ; 8 S. 
 
 419, 443. 
 For alteration of insured property, 5 C. 31 ; 10 C. 79 ; 
 
 1 Wr. 293; 4 Wr. 311. 
 
INSURED PARTIES. 437 
 
 INSURED VARTIES— continued. 
 
 For neglect in giving notice of loss, 2 D. 251 ; 5 0. 198 ; 
 
 9 C. 397; 4 Wr. 311; 7 Wr. 350; 16 S. 9, 22. 
 For over insurance, 4 Y. 161. 348; 4 B. 529; 2 S. & 
 
 R. 309; 5 S. & R. 473; 2 W. & S. 206; 2 C. 
 
 199; 12 Wr. 368; 3 Gr. 207: 1 S. 402; 11 S. 9, 
 
 22; 16 S. 22. 
 For breach of warranty on which policy issued, 2 C. 
 
 199; 6 C. 315; 12 Wr. 362; 1 S. 402. 
 For breach of condition not to assign policy, 17 S. 373. 
 For omitting to state interest in property, 11 C. 282. 
 When no policy has been issued, 6 S. 256. 
 To attachment of money due on loss, 7 W. & S. 76 ; 9 
 
 Wr. 129. 
 When loss occurs after contract to convey insured property, 
 
 7 H. 45 ; 9 H. 513 ; 8 Wr. 200. 
 
 II. On life policy. 
 
 1. Rights of. 
 
 To insure in name of creditor, 2 C. 189. 
 To insure for use of creditor, 20 S. 440. 
 To give evidence in action of custom as to extension of 
 
 payments, 11 S. 107. 
 To notice of non-payment before forfeiture, 11 S. 107. 
 To assign policy, 17 S. 373; 20 S. 450. 
 
 2. Duties of. 
 
 As to statement of calling or occupation, 9 H. 466. 
 
 3. Liability. 
 
 To forfeiture of policy for non-payment, 11 S. 107. 
 For death by suicide, 9 H. 467. 
 
 4. What constitutes eb-insurancb, 11 C. 55, 250. 
 
 5. CoUNTERSIttNING OF POLICY BY AGENT, 3 C. 268. 
 
 6. Delivery of policy, 3 C. 268. 
 
 7. When fraudulent as to creditors, 14 Wr. 75. 
 
 8. Action on, 3 C. 268. 
 
 III. On maritime policy. 
 1. Rights of. 
 
 On double insurance, 4 Y. 161, 348, App. xxxii. ; 4 B. 
 
 529; 5 S. & R. 473; 1 S. 143. 
 On acceptance of insured property at intermediate port, 
 
 5 B. 525, 595 ; 2 S. & R. 553. 
 As to average loss, 4 D. 463 ; 1 Y. 464 ; 1 B. 405 ; 2 B. 
 
 495; 4 B. 513; 4 Wh. 301 ; 8 H. 312. 
 On total loss, 1 D. 10 ; 2 D. 220 ; 4 D. 447 ; 1 Y. 457, 
 
 463, 464; 3 S. & R. 25; 5 S. & R. 473; 3 Wh. 
 
 473; 9 Barr 390 ; 6 G. 334; 19 S. 496. 
 
438 INSURED PARTIES— INTEREST. 
 
 INSURED V ARTIES— continued. 
 
 2. Duties of. 
 
 To fit vessel for voyage, 4 Y. 115 ; 2 B. 394 ; 3 S. & 
 
 R. 25. 
 As to increase of risk, 3 Y. 375. 
 As to efforts to save vessel and cargo, 7 H. 312; 19 S. 
 
 496. 
 As to protest by master, 2 D. 196 ; 3 "W. & S. 144. 
 As to notice of loss, 5 C. 198 ; 9 0. 397 ; 4 Wr. 289 ; 6 
 
 Wr. 188. 
 
 3. Liability of. 
 
 On survey and condemnation, 2 B. 394. 
 
 On premium note, 8 C. 75. 
 
 On change of cargo, 3 D. 510. 
 
 On change of voyage. See Deviation. 
 
 For viola,tion of municipal regulations, 7 Barr 306. 
 
 Contribution on bottomry bond in, 2 Wr. 176. 
 
 Effect of provision in policy for ascertainment of loss by 
 
 separation, 2 Wr. 176. 
 Abandonment of insured property. See Abandonment. 
 Effect of capture by confederate cruiser. See Capture. 
 
 INTEMPERANCE. 
 
 1. Effect of on charge of murder, 1 Wr. 45. 
 
 2. Effect op on contracts, 1 Gr. 253. See Lunatics ; 
 
 Drunkards. 
 
 "INTENDED TO BE RECORDED." 
 Meaning of in deed, 2 R. 14. 
 
 INTENTION. 
 
 1. Of parties to contract. See Contract. 
 
 2. Of holder of land warrant, 2 Y. 244. 
 
 3. Of testator. See Wills. 
 
 4. Of legislature, 1 D. 178. 
 
 INTEREST. 
 
 I. Of witness. See Witness. 
 
 II. On money. 
 
 1. A compensation for delay in payment, 6 0. 340 ; 14 
 
 S. 411. 
 
 2. A PORTION OF, AND PAYABLE AS PRINCIPAL DEBT, 14 S. 
 
 254. 
 
 3. Law relative to, discussed, 1 D. 52, 349; 4 Y. 220, 
 
 264; 1 B. 488; 6 B. 163 ; 9 S. & R. 409 ; 16 S. & R. 
 
INTBEEST. 439 
 
 INTE'R'EST— continued. 
 
 266 ; 2 W. & S. 237; SW. & S. 395; 6 W. & S. 51; 
 12 H. 310; 8 Wr. 32; 12 Wr. 130; 2 Gr. 73 ; 14 S. 
 254. 
 When and where due, 11 Wr. 76 ; 14 S. 411, 413. 
 
 4. Taxation op, 9 H. 413. 
 
 5. Rules for computing, 1 D. 124, 378; 3 D. 88, 103, 
 
 356, 571; 4 S. & R. 112 ; 17 S. & R. 390; 2 R. 309; 
 8 W. & S. 17 ; 12 H. 391 ; 10 C. 210 ; 16 S. 132. 
 
 6. Custom relative to, 2 D. 98 ; 3 W. & S. 371; 12 H. 
 
 310; 1 C. 411; 2 Gr. 73. 
 When it commences, 16 S. 132. 
 
 7. Suspension op, 4 Wh. 221; 12 H. 391 ; 1 C. 178 ; 6 C. 
 
 346; 8 Wr. 82; 1 S. 36. 
 
 8. After tender, 3 B. 295 ; 10 S. & R. 207 ; 12 H. -310; 
 
 11 Wr. 353. 
 
 9. In what cases charseable. 
 On award, 1 Y. 480. 
 
 On book accounts, 1 D. 265, 315; 2 D. 193 ; 2 Y. 215; 
 
 16 S. & R. 257; 3 W. & S. 271; 12 H. 310; 6 C. 
 
 346 ; 9 Wr. 394. 
 On bank note after demand, 10 S. 471. 
 On bonds, 2 D. 255; 4 Y. 220 ; 1 B. 165 ; 4 S. 94. 
 On accounts settled, 14 Wr. 201; 20 S. 184. 
 On money held and received for plaintiff, 1 D. 349 ; 1 Y. 
 
 202 ; 1 B. 488. 
 On money unlawfully withheld, 1 S. & R. 176 ; 1 S. 465. 
 On money due from Commonwealth, 2 D. 101 ; 3 Y. 201. 
 On trust funds, 1 D. 52 ; 2 D. 182 ; 1 B. 194 ; 4 S. & 
 
 R. 112. 
 As damages, 2 D. 352, 356 ; 11 S. & R. 72 ; 12 S. & R. 
 
 393 ; 1 W. 365. 
 On judgment, 2 D. 256 ; 3 D. 506 ; 4 D. 252, 256, 450 ; 
 
 5 B. 56; 6 B. 435, 437; 5 S. & R. 220; 8 S. & R. 
 
 452; 9 S. &R. 388; 4 W. 71; 5 W. 464; 6W. 53; 
 
 5 Wh. 280; 6 C. 340; 1 Wr.465; 11 Wr. 485; 15 
 S. 105. 
 
 In action of debt, 2 D. 303; 2 Y. 213; 2 B. 428. 
 
 On execution, 4 W. 96. 
 
 On mortgage, 6 W. 53; 1 J. 282. 
 
 On railroad bonds, 11 Wr. 76; 4 S. 94. 
 
 On goods consigned for sale, 4 D. 390. 
 
 On penalties, 5 S. 238. 
 
 On purchase-money of land, 5 R. 257; 6 W. 207; 2 W. 
 
 6 S. 365 ; 2 Barr 122 ; 11 Wr. 353. 
 
440 INTEEEST. 
 
 INT'EREST— continued. 
 
 On money in hands of garnishee, 2 D. 215; 1 Y. 274; 
 
 13 S. & R. 224 ; 9 Barr 468; 7 Wr. 488; 8 Wr. 82; 
 
 6 S. 234 ; 9 S. 361 ; 14 S. 63. 
 On distributive share of real estate, 1 Y. 392; 9 S. & R. 
 
 263; 6 W. 379. 
 On debt of decedent, 3 P. & "W. 265 ; 4 W. 71. 
 On money advanced by trustees, 1 B. 88; 1 S. & R. 241. 
 On taxes due by corporation, 13 Wr. 251 ; 14 Wr. 399. 
 On money in hands of sheriff, 3 B. 121; 12 S. & R. 277; 
 
 13 S. & R. 189; 1 W. & S. 235; 9 H. 291. 
 On money mispaid by sheriiF, 1 W. & S. 235. 
 On rent, 2 Y. 73; 2 B. 146; 6 B. 159; 7 Barr 185. 
 On arrears of ground-rent. See Grotjnd-Rbnt 20. 
 On balance due from public oflScer, 6 B. 266. 
 On purchase-money by vendor, who remains in possession 
 
 of land, 14 S. 411. 
 In partition, 1 Y. 391 ; 7 W. & S. 273. 
 In account render between partners, 4 D. 289. 
 On contribution for general average, 8 S. & R. 103. 
 On costs paid by party, 9 S. & R. 388. 
 On legacy, 5 B. 472, 479; 9 S. & R. 409; 6 W. 67; 9 
 
 W. 472; 2 W.'& S. 30; 2 Barr 221; 7 Wr. 83; 
 
 8 Wr. 140; 12 Wr. 46, 80. See Legacy. 
 On bills and notes. See Bills and Notes. 
 
 On contract vvith minor, affirmed after age, 17 S. & R. 
 
 264. 
 On interest due widow, 8 S. & R. 299; 17 S. & R. 
 
 390; 2 W. 200; 1 W. & S. 235, 239; 2 Barr 221. 
 On advancements, 2 W. 314; 1 H. 575. 
 On annuity under agreement, 17 S. & R. 390; 2 W. 
 
 300; 6 W. 123; 9 W. 530; 2 W. & S. 30. 
 On claim of attorney at law, 2 W. & S. 128. 
 On preferred claims in assignment for creditors, 6 W. & 
 
 S. 223. 
 On damages for land taken by railroad company, 8 H. 
 
 240 ; 3 S. 445 ; 8 S. 408 ; 11 S. 369. 
 On damages for opening streets, 10 Wr. 463. 
 On claim against surety, 3 W. & S. 248. 
 Not suspended by notice not to pay principal to one of 
 
 several claimants, 1 S. 36. 
 10. When DISALLOWED. 
 
 On money received by mistake, 1 D. 52; 1 S. & R. 176: 
 
 9 S. &R. 409; 1 S. 462, 465. 
 
 When money is not unlawfully withheld, 1 S. & R. 176; 
 
 9S. &R. 409; 13 S. & R. 205. 
 On debt due alien enemy, 2 D. 102, 133. 
 
INTEREST— INTERPLEADER. 441 
 
 INTEREST— continued. 
 
 On open accounts, 1 D. 265, 315; 2 D. 193; 16 S. &R. 
 
 257; 5 W. 478; 6 C. 360. 
 On rent in arrear, 2 Y. 72; 2 B. 146 ; 6 B. 159. 
 On proprietary ground-rent, 2 B. 146, 154. 
 After tender, 3 B. 295; 10 S. & R. 207; 12 H. 310. 
 On county orders, 4 S. & R. 125; 7 H.'200; 14 Wr. 
 
 351. 
 On foreign judgment, 10 S. & R.,240. 
 On money in hands of sheriff, 3 B. 121 ; 12 S. & R. 277 ; 
 
 13 S. & R. 205; 1 W. & S. 235; 9 H. 291. 
 On lien after sheriff's sale, 4 W. 72 ; 4 Wh. 222 ; 6 S. 386. 
 On money advanced for patenting land, 2 Wh. 74. 
 For purchase-money at sheriff's sale, 4 W. 59. 
 For purchase-money of real estate, 6 W. 207; 2 Barr 
 
 122. See Pukchasb-monet. 
 On interest, 2 R. 309; 4 S. & R. 112; 10 C. 210; 8 Wr. 
 
 73. 
 
 INTERLOCUTORY JUDGMENTS. 
 
 1. What are, 2 P. & W. 139 ; 4 W. & S. 130 ; 5 W. & S. 
 
 44; 2 Gr. 241; 10 S. 444. 
 
 2. Liquidation op damages on, 2 P. & W. 435. 
 
 3. Not subject to error, 3 B. 276, 373, 432, 528; 2 S. & 
 
 R. 232, 382; 5 S. & R. 516; 1 P. & W. 23, 73, 227; 
 2 P. & W. 331; 5 W. 289; 8 W. 530; 5 Wh. 307; 10 
 H. 194; 1 C. 105; 8 C. 314. 
 
 " INTERMIXTURE OF GOODS," 9 H. 359 ; 12 H. 246 ; 1 
 Wr. 164, 214. 
 
 INTERNATIONAL LAW. 
 
 Part of the law of Pennsylvania, 12 H. 435. 
 
 INTERNAL REVENUE LAW. 
 
 1. Manufacturer under defined, 8 Wr. 291. 
 
 2. Stamp on deeds under, 12 Wr. 463. 
 
 3. Stamp on bonds under, 10 Wr. 286. 
 
 4. Stamp on wills under, 10 Wr. 502. 
 
 5. Stamp on precept of register, 13 Wr. 79. 
 
 Validity of deed for land sold for non compliance with, 
 1 H. 317. 
 
 INTERPLEADER. 
 
 1. Origin of right, 15 S. 9. 
 
 2. Object of, 11 S. 185. 
 
 3. Right of party, 15 S. 14, 15. 
 
442 INTERPLEADER— INTESTATE LAW. 
 
 INTERPLEADER— eow^mwe^. 
 
 4. Bond in, 11 C. 74; 8 Wr. 380. 
 
 Lia()ility of parties on, 8 Wr. 380; 13 Wr. 200, 203; 
 15 S. 437 ; 18 S. 60. 
 
 5. What will release parties to, 18 S. 60. 
 
 6. Practice under generally, 4 R. 100, 109 ; 9 Barr 51 ; 
 
 1 H. 458; 13 Wr. 195; 7 S. 34, 114; 10 S. 384; 11 S. 
 185; 15 S. 14. 
 
 7. Parties in. 
 
 Married women, 11 C. 74 ; 5 S. 437. 
 Joinder of, 1 Wr. 214. 
 
 8. Nature of issue, 1 B. 500 ; 1 Wr. 214; 2 Wr. 531; 1 C. 
 
 299; 5 S. 437. 
 
 9. Proof and allegation in must concur, 6 Wr. 450 ; 10 
 
 S. 384. 
 
 10. Evidence in, 6 Wr. 450; 18 Wr. 200, 203; 10 S. 384. 
 
 11. Compbtenct of witnesses in, 5 Wr. 297; 13 Wr. 394. 
 
 12. Equitable ownership, when a defence, 13 Wr. 203; 9 
 
 0.482; 10 S. 384. 
 
 13. Effect of proceedings on execution, 13 Wr. 301. 
 
 14. Effect of on attaching parties, 15 S. 437. 
 
 15. Verdict in. 
 
 Where there are joint parties, 1 Wr. 214. 
 Conclusiveness of, 4 R. 273; 9 Barr 345; 1 S. 387; 18 
 S. 60. 
 
 16. Sale of goods after verdict against claimant, 18 S. 
 
 60. 
 
 INTERPRETER OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES. 
 Statute rel9,tive to, construed, 17 S. 323. 
 
 INTERREGNUM. 
 
 What acts are valid during, 1 D. 438. 
 
 INTERROGATORIES. /See Garnishee ; Commission. 
 
 INTESTACY. 
 
 1. Presumption against, 1 W. 466. 
 
 2. Presumption from omission in will, 7 C. 346. 
 
 3. When to be determined, 9 W. 62. 
 
 INTESTATE LAW. 
 
 1. Op the Province, construed, 1 D. 20, 173. 
 
 2. Of 1779, construed, 1 D. 173. 
 
INTESTATE LAW— INTRUDER. 443 
 
 INTESTATE 'LAM— continued. 
 
 3. Of 1794, construed, 4 D. 65. 
 
 4. Of 1798, construed, 3 Y. 400, 480. 
 
 5. Of 1833, construed, 2 Wr. 426; 3 Wr. 417. 
 
 6. Who are "next of kin" under, 3 Barr 307; 6 H. 478; 
 
 4 Wr. 115; 9 Wr. 430; 10 Wr. 369. See Next of 
 Kin. 
 
 7. Descent under. See Descent. 
 
 INTESTATE'S ESTATES. 
 Action for share of. 
 
 1. Refunding bond on, 1 Barr 372. 
 
 2. Limitation on, 1 Barr 372. 
 
 3. Presumption as to settlement of, 1 Barr 372. See 
 
 Administrator. 
 
 INTOXICATING LIQUOR. 
 
 1. Act op April 2, 1822 relative to, construed, 10 Wr- 
 
 ^57; 14 S. 151. 
 
 2. Act of April 14, 1855 relative to, construed, 9 Wr. 
 
 237. 
 
 3. Sale of, regulated by vote of the people, 6 Barr 
 
 507. 
 
 4. Indictment for selling in violation op law, 4 S. & R. 
 
 141; 8 C. 99. 
 
 5. Charge for, effect of in bill for boarding, 6 H. 48. 
 
 6. Appropriation op fines por selling without license, 
 
 6 S. 44. 
 
 INTOXICATION. 
 
 1. Op witness, 2 Barr 89. 
 
 2. Of criminal, 1 Wr. 45; 1 Gr. 484. 
 
 3. Action by wife against innkeeper for death of hus- 
 
 band CAUSED BY, 4 Wr. 95. 
 
 INTRUDER. 
 
 1. Effect of possession by, 11 H. 121, 254 ; 1 C. 484, 491 ; 
 
 3 S. 122. 
 
 2. Presumption against, 7 C. 172. 
 
 3. What title valid against, 4 C. 115 ; 6 S. 154. 
 
 4. Rights acquired by, 1 Y. 516 ; 6 S. & R. 21 ; 7 S. & R. 
 
 177; 9 W. 341; 10 W. 143; 1 W. & S. 501; 3 Barr 
 353; 4 Barr 201; 6 Barr 210; 10 Barr 512; 10 H. 
 135; 9 C. 455, 462; 3 S. 122. 
 
444 INTKUDER— ISLAND. 
 
 INimjB'ER— continued. 
 
 5. Liability of, 10 W. 143; 10 H. 135; 11 H. 199; 9 C. 
 
 455. 
 
 6. Application of Statute of Limitations to, 6 S. & R. 
 
 21; 7 S. &R. 177; 4 Barr 201. 
 
 7. Abandonment by, 9 Barr 169 ; 7 H. 262. 
 
 INTRUSION INTO LAND. 
 
 1. What constitutes, 7 S. & R. 191; 3 W. 69; 1 W. & S. 
 
 174; 4 Barr 29; 7 H. 292; 10 H. 135; 2 C. 95. 
 
 2. Application of Statute of Limitations to, 6 S. & R. 21 ; 
 
 7 S. &R. 177; 4 Barr 20L 
 
 INVALID JUDGMENT. 
 Validity as a debt, 7 Wr. 278. 
 
 INVESTMENT OF MONEY. S^e Attorney in Fact ; Ex- 
 ecutors ; GrUARDIAN ; TRUSTEES. 
 
 INVOICE BOOK. 
 
 When evidence, 4 Y. 341. 
 
 INVOLUNTARY MANSLAUGHTER. 
 
 1. Conviction for without count in indictment, 8 Wr. 
 
 135. 
 
 2. Punishment for, 7 S. & R. 423. 
 
 IREDELL, JAMES. 
 
 Appointment of as judge, 2 D. 400. 
 
 IRREGULARITY IN JUDICIAL PROCEEDINGS. 
 
 1. Who may take advantage of, 2 W. 228; 8 H. 33; 4 
 
 Wr. 385. 
 
 2. When to be objected to, 4 W. 11. 
 
 3. Not to be noticed collaterally, 13 S. & R. 334. 
 
 4. Effect of, 2 D. 127; 2 Y. 151; 2 B. 40, 126; 7 S. & R. 
 
 269 ; 9 Wr. 349. 
 
 5. Conviction op, 4 Y. 136, 196. 
 
 6. Waiver of, 2 B. 301; 8 S. & R. 526; 13 Wr. 21. 
 
 IRREPARABLE INJURY. 
 
 Defined, 12 H. 159; 7 S. 102, 274; 12 S. 17, 447; 20 S. 
 
 30. 
 Prevention of, 7 S. 274. See Injunction. 
 
 ISLAND. 
 
 1. Under Act of 1806, defined, 12 H. 39 ; 1 C. 332. 
 
 2. Recovery op without survey, 4 Y. 107. 
 
ISLAND— ISSUE. 445 
 
 ISL AND — continued. 
 
 3. Proper mode of measuring, 5 B. 1. 
 
 4. Improvement right to, 4 Y. 209 ; 10 S. & R. 243 ; 14 
 
 S. & R. 242. 
 
 5. Warrant for, when void, 10 S. & R. 243. 
 
 6. Effect of decision of board of property as to, 12 H. 
 
 39. 
 
 7. Ejectment for, 4 Y. 107. 
 
 ISSUE. 
 
 1. Meaning of in will, 3 Wh. 217 ; 6 H. 72; 7 Wr. 187; 9 
 
 Wr. 178 ; 1 S. 504 ; 2 S. 113, 258 ; 12 S. 35 ; 13 S. 481. 
 
 2. When a word of limitation, 1 D. 48 ; 1 Y. 340 ; 2 Y. 
 
 58, 559, 586 : 14 S. & R. 41 ; 3 Wh. 217 ; 7 Wr. 187 ; 
 12 S. 35; 13 S. 481 ; 20 S. 335. 
 
 3. When a word op purchase, 13 S. & R. 65; 14 S. k R. 
 
 41; 3 Wh. 217; 13 S. 481. 
 
 4. When a word of description, 9 Wr. 178; 2 S. 113. 
 
 5. Presumption as to, 5 W. & S. 266. 
 
 6. Birth of posthumous, 3 Y. 164; 3 B. 498 ; 5 B. 601; 1 
 
 S. & R. 181 ; 5 S. & R. 38 ; 2 R. 334 ; 1 Wh. 212 ; 3 
 Wh. 208, 227 ; 6 C. 178. 
 
 7. Not illegitimate when access of married parents is 
 
 possible, 6 B. 283. 
 
 8. When "children" in will is equivalent to, 6 W. 
 
 105 ; 1 Wr. 482 ; 4 Wr. 18 ; 8 S. 414 ; 20 S. 335. See 
 Children. 
 
 9. Dying without, meaning of in will. See Dying with- 
 
 out Issue ; Will. 
 
 10. Failure of. 
 
 Definite. See Definite Failure of Issue. 
 Indefinite. See Indefinite Failure of Issue. 
 
 11. Feigned. See Feigned Issue. 
 
 12. In pleading. 
 
 General, waiver by plea of, 3 D. 344; 5 W. & S. 215; 6 
 
 H. 72, 95. 
 General, waiver by trial on, 16 S. & R. 350 ; 9 Barr 123. 
 Evidence under. See Evidence. 
 How record made up, on plea of general, 9 S. & R. 63. 
 Trial without, 3 D. 334; 2 B. 33 ; 2 S. & R. 537 ; 3 S. 
 
 & R. 91 ; 10 S. & R. 273, 375; 11 S. & R. 27 ; 17 
 
 S. & R. 116; 5 W. 70; 6 W. 516; 4 Barr 29; 9 
 
 Barr 123, 139. 
 
446 ISSUE— JOINT ACTION. 
 
 ISSUE — continued. 
 
 Joinder of, after swearing jury, 4 Y. 347. 
 Joinder of, after verdict, 15 S. & R. 100. 
 Joinder of, omission as to, no cause for reversal after trial, 
 10 S. & R. 375 ; 17 S. & R. 116 ; 6 W. 516 ; 4 
 Barr 29. 
 Jury, how sworn to try, 2 D. 380. 
 Argument of counsel on trial of. See Attorney, VII. 
 13. Of law and fact, powbk of court on, 9 Barr 123. 
 
 JAY, JOHN. 
 
 Appointed judge, 2 D. 399. 
 
 JEFFERSON COLLEGE. 
 
 1. Contract for scholarship in, construed, 13 S. 436. 
 
 2. Union with Washington College, discussed, 13 S. 436. 
 
 JEOFAILB. 
 
 Statute of 4 and 5 Will. c. 16, in force here, 9 S. & R. 16. 
 
 JEOPARDY. 
 
 1. When prisoner is in, 6 S. & R. 577 ; 3 R. 498 ; 11 H. 
 
 12, 16. 
 
 2. Plea of when invalid, 5 C. 323. 
 
 JETSAM, FLOTSAM AND LIGAN. 
 Where cognisable, 2 D. 122. 
 
 JETTISON. 
 
 Abandonment of goods lost by, 4 B. 502. 
 
 JEW. 
 
 1. Fined for refusing to testify on Saturday, 2 D. 212. 
 
 2. Fined for working on Sunday, 3 S. & R. 48. 
 
 3. Cause not continued for conscientious scruples of, 2 
 
 P. & W. 412. 
 
 JOHNSON, THOMAS. - 
 Appointed judge, 2 D. 412. 
 
 JOINDER. 
 
 1. Of parties. See Action. 
 
 2. Of counts. See Declaration; Indictment. 
 
 JOINT ACTION. 
 
 1. Evidence in, 2 Wh. 35; 4 W. & S. 362; 5 Barr 223; 7 
 Barr 433; 5 C. 581; 11 C. 362; 4 Wr. 278; 11 S. 347 ; 
 13 S. 97. 
 
JOINT ACTION— JOINT OWNEES. 447 
 
 JOINT ACTION— cowimtfec?. 
 
 2. NON PROS. IN AS TO SOME OF DEFENDANTS. See NON PkOS. 
 
 3. When evidence does not include all defendants, 10 
 
 S. & R. 211; 14 S. & R. 105; 1 W. 229; 7 Barr 433; 
 5 H. 67; 1 0. 310; 5 C. 181, 537; 7 Wr. 88; 12 Wr. 
 472; 14 Wr. 441; 20 S. 12. 
 
 4. When all defendants sued do not appear, 10 S. & R. 
 
 164; 3 W. 202; 3 W. & S. 118; 4 W. & S. 430. 
 
 5. When all sued are not summoned, 11 S. & R. 164 ; 3 W. 
 
 202 ; 2 Gr. 52. 
 
 6. When all who appear do not plead, 4 W. & S. 130. 
 
 7. Verdict in, 1 Ban- 238 ; 5 Barr 224. 
 
 JOINT AND SEVERAL OBLIGATION. See Obligation. 
 
 JOINT CONTRACTORS. 
 
 1. Contribution by, 1 Wr. 394. 
 
 2. Release of one, 12 Wr. 168. 
 
 3. Effect of death of one before performance of con- 
 
 tract, 1 Gr. 161. 
 
 JOINT COVENANT. 
 
 When joint and several, 12 Wr. 472. 
 
 JOINT DEFENDANTS. 
 
 Treated as one in scire facias on judgment, 1 W. 126 ; 4 W. 
 & S. 130; 14 Wr. 281; 5 S. 238; 12 S. 370. 
 
 JOINT ENTRY. 
 
 On abandoned improvement right, 12 Wr. 387. 
 
 JOINT INDEBTEDNESS. 
 
 When not satisfied by note of one party, 13 Wr. 65, 83. 
 
 JOINT JUDGMENT. 
 
 1. Legal enforcement of, 8 Barr 265; 7 S, 187. 
 
 2. Does not affect parties not served, 8 Gr. 52. 
 
 3. Effect of death of one or more of defendants, 3 Gr. 
 
 52. 
 
 JOINT MORTGAGE. 
 
 Presumption as to ownership of, 8 W. 215; 3 0. 471. 
 
 JOINT OWNERS. 
 I. Of personal property. 
 
 2. Waiver op title to, 10 Wr. 186. 
 
 8. Not always partners, 1 P. & W. 140. 
 
448 JOINT OWNERS— JOINT TENANTS. 
 
 JOINT OWNERS— continued. 
 
 4. Rights and liability of generally, 10 H. 471. 
 
 5. Not entitled to exemption law, 8 Wr. 442. 
 
 6. Should join in action for injuky, 2 S. 239; 10 
 
 S. 48. 
 
 7. Tkover between, 11 Wr. 387; 2 S. 371. See Part- 
 
 ners. 
 
 II. Of real estate. 
 
 1. Acquired by payment of purchase-money, 10 Wr. 350. 
 
 2. Equitable rights of, 2 Y. 260; 1 C. 34. 
 
 3. Right of either to purchase at judicial sale, 10 
 
 Wr. 380. 
 
 4. Liability op, 1 J. 429; 11 Wr. 387. 
 
 5. Judgment against, 1 C. 34. See Equitable Estate ; 
 
 Co-parceners; Partners; Tenants in Common. 
 
 III. Joint debtors or obligors. 
 
 1. Effect of judgment against one of several, 2 S. & 
 
 R. 280; 13S. &R.288; IW. 126; 5W. 332; 6 Wh. 
 264; 1 W. & S 112; 5Barr399; 2 H. 313; 8 C. 
 379 ; 3 Gr. 52 ; 12 S. 370. 
 
 2. Effect of release of part of, 1 R. 391 ; 3 P. & W. 
 
 57, 405; 7 W. & S. 305; 5 W. 172; 8 Barr 265; 12 
 Wr. 168; 13 Wr. 65, 83; 2 Gr. 405; 5 S. 238. 
 
 3. Application of exemption law to, 8 Wr. 442. 
 
 4. Effect of new promise by one, on Statute of Lim- 
 
 itations, 1 Y. 168. 
 
 JOINT STOCK COMPANY. 
 A partnership, 13 S. 273. 
 
 JOINT SURETIES. 
 
 Release of, 8 Barr 265; 10 Barr 401; 7 C. 460. See Sure- 
 ties. 
 
 JOINT TENANCY. 
 
 Act abolishing, construed, 6 S. 101. 
 
 JOINT TENANTS. 
 
 1. Creation of estate of, 2 Y. 459 ; 5 B. 16 ; 8 Wr. 434. 
 
 2. Act of March 31, 1812, relative to, construed, 11 S. 
 
 &R. 191; 6S. 106. 
 
 3. Act of 1848 relative to, construed, 6 S. 106. 
 
 4. Reciprocal duties of, 1 C. 270. 
 
 5. Survivorship in, 5 B. 119 ; 12 H. 57. 
 
JOINT TENANTS— JUDGE. 449 
 
 JOINT TEN A'NTS— continued. 
 
 6. Severance op estate of, 2 Y. 419 ; 6 B. 193. 
 
 7. Ejectment by, 4 Y. 577. 
 
 8. Partition between, 5 W. 279. 
 
 9. Trespass between, 4 Wr. 45. 
 
 10. Mortgage by one of several, 1 B. 175. 
 
 11. Right op to make improvements, 3 W. 238. 
 
 12. Recovery of mesne profits by, 3 Y. 14. 
 
 13. Effect op will of, 6 B. 192. 
 
 14. Disposition of trust estate by, 5 S. & R. 523. 
 
 15. When considered a tenant in common, 5 B. 119 ; 6 B. 
 
 193. 
 
 16. Effect of sheriff's sale of undivided interestof'On, 
 
 10 Wr. 380. 
 
 JOINT TRESPASSES. 
 
 1. What constitutes, 2 C. 482; 11 C. 128; 7 S. 142. 
 
 2. Liability for, 2 C. 482 ; 7 S. 187. 
 
 8. Effect of verdict in favor of some of defendants, 11 
 
 0. 287. 
 4. Efffct of joint plea by, 9 Wr. 376. 
 
 JOINT VERDICT. 
 
 1. In capital case against several dependants, 5 C. 429. 
 
 2. Should include all defendants, 1 Barr 238 ; 5 Barr 224. 
 
 ■JOURNEYMEN. 
 
 Not entitled to mechanics' lien, 2 Wh. 196; 8 Barr 468. 
 
 JUDGE. 
 
 1. Selection of, 8 C. 444. 
 
 2. Act op April, 1852, as to vacancy, construed, 8 C. 
 
 444. 
 
 3. Who are, op courts op record, 8 Y. 317. 
 
 4. Rights of. 
 
 To exercise duties of office generally,. 12 S. 843. 
 
 To charge jury as to the law, 4 D. 224. 
 
 To act as justice of the peace, 3 Y. 93. 
 
 To act in case where he is interested, 1 Y. 251 ; 2 B. 
 
 454; 14 S. & R. 405; 16 S. & R. 72; 1 Wh. 72. 
 To sit in banc, 4 Y. 446. 
 
 To withhold reason for judgment given, 1 D. 89. 
 To continue in office, 12 S. 843. 
 To salary, 5 W. & S. 403. 
 
 To act in cases where he is a trustee, 6 Wr. 9 ; 14 S. 184. 
 29 
 
450 JUDGE— JUDGMENT. 
 
 JUDGE — continued. 
 
 5. Duties of. 
 
 Not to sit when interested, 1 Y. 251 ; 2 B. 454 ; 14 S. & 
 & E. 405; 16 S. & R. 72; 1 Wh. 72. 
 
 To abide by decided cases, 1 Y. 298. 
 
 To take recognisance in his own name, 5 S. & R. 147, 
 154; 1 H. 561; 6 H. 343. 
 
 To restrict his powers to judicial acts, 2 D. 410, 415. 
 
 To write and file opinions, 14 S. & R. 121, 125. 
 
 As to sealing bills of exception, 5 S. 28. See Bill of 
 Exceptions 11. 
 
 To annex testimony to opinion, 14 S. & R. 125. 
 
 6. Power and authority of. 
 
 To discharge on habeas corpus. See Habeas Corpus. 
 
 To order non-suit, 1 Y. 175, 387 ; 1 S. & R. 357. See 
 Non-sdit. 
 
 To take acknowledgment of deeds, 2 S. & R. 455. See 
 Deed. 
 
 To act ex oflScio as justice of the peace, 3 Y. 98. 
 
 To act at chambers, 8 Barr 240 ; 2 C. 287. 
 
 To suspend execution, 8 Barr 240 ; 3 C. 40, 197 ; 8 
 Wr. 195. See Execution. 
 
 Of the district, criminal jurisdiction of, 9 C. 338. 
 
 To hold court of Oyer and Terminer out of proper dis- 
 trict, 9 C. 81 ; 14 S. 84, 38. 
 
 To issue warrant for crime in another county, 1 Gr. 218. 
 
 7. Liability. 
 
 For breach of condition in commission, 12 S. 343. 
 
 To mandamus, 2 D. 42, 50. 
 
 To writ in nature of mandamus, 5 S. 28. 
 
 For official acts, 1 Y. 443. 
 
 To reversal for error, 2 B. 80. See Ekuok. 
 
 To have duties diminished by acts of legislature, 12 S. 342. 
 
 To taxation of salary, 2 R. 73. 
 
 8. Notes of when evidence. See Evidence. 
 
 9. Bill of exceptions, how signed on death of, 8 H. 183. 
 10. Opinion of as to facts. See Charge of Court. 
 
 JUDGMENT. 
 I. By confession. 
 
 1. By attorney of defendant, 5 S. & R. 299; 8 S. & R. 
 
 567; 13 S. & R. 195; 3 P. & W. 72; 10 H. 195; 1 
 S. 491. 
 
 2. By party. 
 
 Validity of, 1 D. 133, 288; 9 S. & R. 186; 4 W. 474; 
 3 W. & S 257; 1 Barr 147; 7 Barr 65; 9 Barr 
 349; 2 H. 184; 3 0. 193; 12 Wr. 96; 11 S. 102. 
 
JUDGBIENT. 451 
 
 JUDGMENT— cowfrnwec^. 
 
 When an assignment for creditors, 7 Barr 449, 451 ; 8 
 Barr 82; 4 H. 169; 7 H. 59; 8 H. 33, 63, 152; 2 
 
 C. 85. 
 When to prefer creditors, 7 Barr 449, 451 ; 8 Barr 82 ; 
 4 H. 169 ; 7 H. 59 ; 8 H. 33, 63, 152 ; 11 H. 481 ; 
 
 2 C. 92. 
 When fraudulent as to creditors. See Fraudulent Judg- 
 ment. 
 When fraudulent for excess in amount, 1 S. 295. 
 Form of warrant, 13 S. & R. 58 ; 4 W. 474; 4 Barr 139. 
 Not within statute 8 & 9 Wm. III. ch. 11., sec. 8, 4 
 
 Barr 296 ; 5 S. 238. 
 When exhausted, 6 S. & R. 296 ; 14 S. & R. 166 ; 1 P. 
 
 & W. 245 ; 11 H. 314. 
 Filing of warrant, 13 S. & R. 196 ; 16 S. & R. 347 ; 1 
 
 R. 249; IW. 54; 4 W. 465 ; 5 W. 290, 423; 10 
 
 W. 396; 2 Barr 421; 12 H. 289; 4 C. 179. 
 Effect of entry in wrong court, 5 W. & S. 473. 
 Effect of death of defendant, 2 Wr. 480. 
 When invalid by age, 5 W. 423; 5 Wh. 366. 
 When irrevocable, 1 D. 149. 
 
 Before justice of the peace. See Justice of the Peace. 
 All papers relating to constitute one instrument, 12 H. 
 
 289. 
 Agreement as to entry of, enforced, 6 S. & R. 163; 9 
 
 S. & R. 137; 7 W. & S. 406; 7 Barr 117; 1 J. 
 
 233; 3 H. 177; 10 H. 359; 4 C. 179; 10 C. 365; 
 
 10 Wr. 144. 
 Conditional, 10. 245; 8 C. 205. 
 Presumed to be the act of the court, 7 S. & R. 306; 8 
 
 S. & R. 508; 13 S. & R. 196; 4 W. 441; 5 W. 
 
 289; 9 Barr 87; IS. 191; 11 S. 101. 
 Presumption as to after appearance of defendant, 3 Y. 149. 
 Power of court over, 12 C. 112. 
 
 Remedy when irregular, 7 S. & R. 207 ; 9 S. & R. 137. 
 Parol explanation of, 1 W. & S. 433; 6 W. & S. 59; 4 
 
 C. 179. 
 Waiver of inquisition in, no part of judgment, 20 S. 231. 
 Power and duty of prothonotary as to, 1 R. 252; 20 S. 
 
 231. 
 Where sum has not been fixed, 2 D. 380; 8 S. & R. 567. 
 On bond payable by instalments, 4 S. & R. 455; 1 W. 
 
 63; 5 W. 120, 289; 4 Barr 296; 6 H. 15, 116. 
 To secure advances, 1 Y. 253 ; 5 B. 585; 2 Barr 96 ; 9 
 
 Barr 86; 2 0. 173; 12 0. 170; 9 Wr. 49; 2 S. 458. 
 As indemnity, 2 0. 173. 
 
452 JUDGMENT. 
 
 JUBGWENT— continued. 
 
 To be held in trust for several, 7 Barr 65; 8 H. 33 ; 2 
 C. 85, 92. 
 
 3. By joint parties, 2 S. & R. 280. 
 
 4. By one oe several parties, 1 D. 119; 2 S. & R. 280; 
 
 I W. & S. 340; 10 H. 46. 
 
 5. By one partner, 1 D. 119 ; 7 W. 331; 1 W. & S. 340 ; 
 
 7W. &S. 142; 6Barr490, 519; 1 0. 430 ; 4 C. 279; 
 
 II C. 527; 12 0. 458; 3 Gr. 302. See Partners. 
 
 6. By administrator, for debt of decedent, 7 Wr. 509. 
 
 7. By feme sole who subsequently marries, 2 Barr 434. 
 
 8. By trustee, 6 Barr 296. 
 
 9. By wife of debtor, 3 P. & W. 72; 2 Barr 234; 1 C. 
 
 81. 
 
 10. Execution on. 
 
 Stay of, 1 D. 133 ; 11 C. 270. See Execution. 
 
 11. Scire facias on, 1 W. 60 ; 4 Barr 296 ; 13 S. 447. 
 
 See Scire Facias. 
 
 II. By default. 
 
 1. Rules of court relative to, sustained, 9 Barr 53. 
 
 2. For want of appearance. See Appearance. 
 
 3. For want of narr. or plea. See Declaration; 
 
 Plea. 
 
 4. For want of affidavit of defence. See Affidavit 
 
 OF Defence. 
 
 5. By nil dicit, 1 D. 166 ; 2 B. 436. 
 
 6. Must not exceed sum claimed in narr., 9 Barr 164. 
 
 7. Liquidation of by protiionotary", 1 D. 377 ; 2 S. & R. 
 
 142; 6 S. & R. 18; 10 W. 396; 2 Wh. 209; 2 W. & 
 S. 443; 5 W. & S. 44; 2 J. 251; 14 Wr. 284; 5 S. 
 238; 9 S. 275. 
 
 8. On award. See Award. 
 
 9. After appeal prom award, 9 Barr 53. 
 10. On case stated. See Case Stated. 
 
 III. On verdict. 
 
 1. Entry of, 1 D. 462; 6 B. 99; 7 S. & R. 306; 8 S. & 
 
 R. 441; 1 W. 259;, 5 W. 104; 7 W. 12, 406; 8 W. 
 135; 1 Wh. 266; 11 S. 226, 445; 12 S. 45. 
 
 2. Only once in personal action, 4 W. & S. 130. 
 
 3. Omitting some who are charged in narr., 11 S. & R. 
 
 357; 13 S. & R. 289. 
 
JUDGMENT. 453 
 
 JUBGWENT— continued. 
 
 4. Where some op defendants have died since service, 
 
 8 S. & R. 452. 
 
 5. Where all defendants have not been summoned, 12 
 
 S. & R. 325; 10 W. 396, 397, 440; 14 Wr. 441. 
 
 6. After motion in arrest of, 1 B. 172. 
 
 7. Not void for want of power in plaintiff's attorney, 
 
 7 S. 331. 
 
 8. Where there are several counts, 11 H. 394; 10 Wr. 
 
 465. 
 ^ 9. Where plaintiff or defendant have died, 4 W. 270; 
 5 Wr. 195; 13 S. 202. 
 
 10. Where so.me counts are under demurrer, 3 H. 188. 
 
 11. Where some counts are defective, 4 0. 225 ; 10 Wr. 
 
 465; 17 S. 436. 
 
 12. On conditional verdict, 4 Wr. 479. 
 
 13. Duty of plaintiff as to, 11 C. 455. 
 
 14. Remission of excess in, 5 C. 189; 2 Gr. 153. 
 
 15. Parol explanation of, 12 S. 252; 17 S. 441. 
 
 IV. De tbrris. 
 
 1. What judgments are, 10 S. & R. 346, 348. 
 
 2. When final, 13 S. 198. 
 
 V. Under 18th rule of Nisi Prius Court, construed, 1 
 
 Wh. 266 ; 5 Wh. 233. 
 
 VI. Effect of. 
 
 On parties and privies, 1 B. 260, 269, 501; 2 S. & R. 
 143; 4 W. 183; 10 W. 222; 6 Barr 272; 7 Wr. 
 Ill; 16 S. 89. See Parties and Privies. 
 
 VII. NoN obstante veredicto. ^See Reserved Points. 
 
 VIII. Presumption in favor of, 2 Y. 161; 4 T. 436; 1 B. 
 501; 4B. 269; 2 S. & R. 143; 4 S. & R. 82; 14 S. & 
 R. 200; 4 W. 43, 183; 5 W. 173; 9 Barr 86. 
 
 IX. Should be public, 1 D. 159. 
 
 X. Should conform to writ, 1 Y. 474. 
 
 XL Should be confinfed to parties to issue, 6 S. & R. 
 412. 
 
 XII. Relation of to first day of term, 1 D. 187, 450, 
 482; 1 Y. 340; 2 S. & R. 143. 
 
 XIII. Not within the recording acts, 4 Y. Ill; 2 B. 40 ; 
 1 Barr 493. 
 
 XIV. Assignment of, 12 S. & R. 165; 14 S. & R. 290; 3 
 
454 JUDGMENT. 
 
 JUDGMENT— continued. 
 
 n. 401; 8 W. 39, 443; 1 W. & S. 155, 420; 4 Barr 
 418; 6 Barr 76; 9 Barr 275; 10 H. 300, 427; 11 H. 
 622; 1 C. 80; 5 0. 401; 10 C. 297; 8 Wr. 256; 11 
 Wr. 214, 244; 12 Wr. 70; 2 S. 310. See Assignment, 
 XII. 
 
 XV. Transfer of to another county, 4 Barr 291 ; 8 Barr 
 97, 182; 4 H. 343, 346; 6 H. 310; 12 H. 297; 13 Wr. 
 419; 2 Gr. 254; 1 S. 116. 
 
 XVI. Impeachment of. 
 
 1. Directly, 2 W. 354. 
 
 2. Collaterally, 2 B. 40; 2 S. & R. 142; 11 S. & R. 
 
 208; 13 S. & R. 204; 4 R 394, 401; 4 W. 341; 5 
 W. 173; 6 W. 398, 410; 10 W. 101 ; 4 W. & S. 191 ; 
 5 W. & S. 473, 556; 8 W. & S. 389; 9 W. & S. 197; 
 7 Barr 128; 9 Barr 86 ; 1 H. 359; 11 H. 189; 5 Wr. 
 195; 3 Gr. 232; 15 S. 189. 
 Right of stranger to interfere with, 5 W. & S. 473 ; 6 
 Barr 272; 15 S. 189. 
 
 XVII. Amendment of, 2 Y. 151; 1 B. 480; 2 B. 40, 126 
 6 B. 420; 2 S. & R. 142; 9 S. & R. 23; 11 S. & R 
 357; 1 P. & W. 114, 460; 5 W. 186; 2 W. & S. 101 
 3 W. & S. 272 ; 6 W. & S. 203; 6 H. 148 ; 1 C. 218 
 3 S. 250; 5 S. 238; 11 S. 347. See Amendment. 
 
 XVIII. Merger of contract in. See Merger. 
 
 XIX. Lien op. 
 
 1. Under Statute of Westminster Second, 1 H. 476. 
 
 2. Under Act op 1797, 2 P. & W. 96 ; 1 W. 9; 2 W. 53. 
 
 3. Under Act of 1798, 4 R. 317; 5 Wh. 324. 
 
 4. Commencement op, 4 Y. 197; 9 S. & R. 310 ; 14 S. & 
 
 R. 253 ; 16 S. & R". 347 : 3 P. & W. 243 ; 1 W. 54 ; 
 5 W. & S. 44; 6 W. & S. 327; 8 W. & S. 186, 304; 
 1 Barr 386 ; 5 Barr 431 ; 9 Barr 455; 10 H. 363; 11 
 Wr. 344; 2 Gr. 130, 131; 1 S. 204, 432. 
 
 5. When for purchase-money. See Purchase-money. 
 
 6. On interest and estate of defendant, 2 D. 160; 1 
 
 Y. 184; 3 B. 4, 342; 2 S. & R. 11; 5 S. & R. 124; 8 
 S. & R. 425, 440; 9 S. & R. 402; 16 S. & R. 18, 20, 
 266, 425; 2 R. 188; 2 P. & W. 101, 115, 276; 2 W. 
 16, 373; 4 W. 465; 10 W. 434; 2 Wh. 398; 5 Wh. 
 323 ; 4 W. & S. 255 ; 8 W. & S. 186, 307; 1 J. 474; 
 1 H. 478, 479 ; 3 11. 319 ; 8 H. 126 ; 11 H. 186 ; 2 
 Wr. 285;9 S. 291; 11 S. 424. 
 
JUDGMENT. 455 
 
 JUD GU'E^T—eoiitinued. 
 
 7. On after acquired property, 2 Y. 23; 3 B. 589; 6 
 
 B. 135, 147 ; 2 S. & R. 11 ; 5 S. & R. 124 ; 8 S. & R. 
 440, 495 ; 6 Wh. 153 ; 1 P. & W. 64 ; 2 P. & W. 101 ; 
 
 4 W. 465; 1 Barr 201; 9 Barr 265; 11 C. 523. 
 
 8. May be restricted to part oe dependant's property, 
 
 2 Ban- 286 ; 8 C. 358. 
 
 9. Against joint owners, 10 Wr. 350 ; 4 0. 169. 
 
 10. On land op bankrupt, 2 D. 159. 
 
 11. On land of insolvent, 6 B. 891 ; 10 S. & R. 380; 13 
 
 S. 108. 
 
 12. On land of Connecticut settler, 3 B. 4, 6. 
 
 13. On leasehold estate, 1 Y. 427; 3 B. 5 ; 2 Wh. 401; 
 
 5 W. & S. 124. 
 
 14. On land bound by mortgage, 7 W. 416. 
 
 15. When secured by mortgage, 7 Wr. 129. 
 
 16. On money in hands of sheriff, 8 P. & W. 417. 
 
 / l7. After contract to sell real estate, 2 S. & R. 11 ; 8 
 S. & R. 425; 16 S. & R. 18, 266, 425 ; 4 W. 465 ; 8 
 W. & S. 307 ; 2 H. 269, 271 ; 3 H. 319 ; 8 H. 136. 
 / 18. After transfer of property, 2 Y. 168; 16 S. & R. 
 / 425 ; 1 P. & W. 489 ; 8 W. & S. 304, 307 ; 8 H. 136 ; 
 10 H. 863 ; 11 H. 186; 12 H. 398 ; 2 Gr. 131 ; 1 S. 
 482. 
 
 19. When entered on day op conveyance, 8 W. & S. 
 
 804; 10 H. 363; 2 Gr. 131; 1 S. 432. 
 
 20. On interest of heirs in real estate of ancestor, 2 
 
 Y. 324 ; 10 S. & R. 857 ; 13 S. & R. 330 ; 5 W. 39; 5 
 Wh. 822; 3 W. & S. 358; 5 W. & S. 340 ; 7 W. & S. 
 458; 9 W. & S. 44; 1 Barr 118, 186 ; 10 0. 151 ; 5 
 Wr. 169; 7 Wr. 468; 1 S. 509; 3 S. 404; 6 S. 405. 
 
 21. On interest of husband in wife's estate. See Hus- 
 
 band. 
 
 22. Against partner, 1 C. 268; 4 G. 169; 10 Wr. 350. 
 
 23. In Supreme Court, 1 D. 291; 2 D. 158, 160, 186 ; 1 Y. 
 
 183 ; 1 B. 393; 3 B. 4; 5 S. & R. 124. 
 
 24. After division of county, 5 W. 87 ; 1 Barr 147. 
 
 25. Power of legislature to alter period of limita- 
 
 tion, 5 W. & S. 488. 
 
 26. Effect of Exemption Act of 1850 on, 9 H. 243. 
 
 27. Effect of sale of portion of land bound by, 10 S. 
 
 6 R. 450; 8 W. & S. 827; 1 Barr 267; 8 C. 108. 
 
456 JUDGMENT. 
 
 JUDGMENT— cowimwec^. 
 
 28. Expiration of, 4 D. 450 ; 1 Y. 477; 3 B. 342; 6 B. 
 
 391; 11 S. & R. 94; 12 S. & R. 37; 14 S. & R. 253, 
 257; 17 S. & R. 125; 2 R. 224 ; 1 W. 374, 393; 4 W. 
 341, 412, 424; 2 P. & W. 232; 5 Wh. 321; 6 W. & 
 S. 327; 8 C. 390; 1 S. 204; 4 S. 173. 
 
 29, Continuance op. 
 
 By execution, 2 B. 318, 229, 342; 8 S. & R. 319; 12 
 S. & R. 37 ; 13 S. & R. 58, 144, 341 ; 17 S. & R. 
 436; 2 R. 37; 1 P. & W. 271, 277; 3 P. & W. 404, 
 445; 1 W. 41; 2 Ban- 492; 6 Barr 277, 280, 281, 
 283; 8 H. 256, 258; 8 C. 88 ; 9 Wr. 113. 
 By written acknowledgment, 1 S. & R. 94 ; 14 S. & R. 
 253 ; 2 R. 37 ; 7 W. & S. 458 ; 7 Barr 65. 
 ^ By scire facias. See Scire Facias. 
 ^ By death of defendant. See Decedent. , 
 
 XX. Power of court over. 
 
 1. To AMEND. See ante, XVIII. 
 
 2. To ARREST. See Arrest of Judgment. 
 
 , 3. To OPEN, 1 D. 239, 241 ; 7 S. & R. 207; 8 S. & R. 243, 
 / 263; 11 S. & R. 280, 328; 14 S. & R. 137, U4; 1 
 
 R. 323, 362; 4 R. 323; 5 R. 335; 1 P. & W. 229, 
 481 ; 1 W. 303, 393 ; 2 W. 373 ; 6 W. 26 ; 8 W. 424 ; 
 6 W. & S. 213; 9 W. & S. 93; 2 Barr 441; 3 Barr 
 55, 505 ; 4 Barr 296 ; 6 Barr 266 ; 9 Barr 21, 164, 
 230; 2 J. 358; 2 H. 216; 8 H. 95, 295; 9 H. 86 ; 
 10 H. 195; 1 0. 105; 5 C. 335; 9 C. 485; 2 Wr. 
 16 ; 10 Wr. 246; 13 Wr. 365; 2 Gr. 121; 3 Gr. 72; 
 1 S. 187, 204; 2 S. 431; 4 S. 319 ; 9 S. 223; 10 S. 
 388; 12 S. 408, 481; 13 S. 393; 17 S. 34. 
 
 4. Opening not reviewed in error, 1 C. 105 ; 5 C. 335 ; 
 
 12 Wr.70; 3 Gr. 72; 10 S. 388, 394; 12 S. 481; 
 
 13 S. 393, 447; 15 S. 477; 17 S. 34. 
 
 5. To set aside, 2 B. 40; 8 S. & R. 241 : 12 S. & R. 72 
 
 14 S. & R. 137, 143, 307 ; 1 P. & W. 19; 8 W. 78 
 6 Barr 272; 4 H. 59 ; 10 H. 338; 12 11.289,297 
 3 C. 193; 3 Wr. 126. 
 
 6. To ENTER NUNC PRO TUNC, 1 B. 172; 6 S. & R. 126; 
 
 5 W. 104; 1 Wr. 461; 14 Wr. 465; 3 S. 343. 
 To RESTRAIN OPERATION OF, 10 H. 359; 11 C. 337; 7 
 Wr. 468. 
 
 8. To ENTER ON ONE OR MORE COUNTS, 3 H. 188; 4 C. 225; 
 10 Wr. 246,465; 17 S. 436. 
 ^ 9. To STRIKE OFF. See Courts. 
 
 XXI. Power of auditor over. See Auditor. 
 
 / 
 
JUDGMENT— JUDGMENT CREDITOK. 457 
 
 J UD GWEl^iT— continued. 
 
 XXII. Payment, and extinguishment of. 
 
 1. By sheriff's sale. See Sheriff's Sale. 
 
 2. By levy. See Fieri Facias. 
 
 3. By plaintiff, 4 W. 474; 7 0. 469.. 
 
 XXIII. Sale in purparts of land bound by, 10 S. & R. 450 ; 
 3 R. 109; IBarr 297. 
 
 XXIV. Partial release of, 5 R. 51. 
 
 XXV. Action for neglect to enter, 1 Wh. 187; 1 S. 487 ; 
 7 S. 158. 
 
 XXVI. Power of parties over attached judgment, 8 
 Wr. 288. See Foreign Attachment. 
 
 JUDGMENT CREDITOR. 
 I. Rights of. 
 
 1. Is NOT A purchaser WITHIN RECORDING AcTS, 4 Y. Ill ; 
 
 2B. 40; IBarr 493. 
 3. To LIEN. See Judgment. 
 
 3. Holds no insurable interest in property, 12 S. 340. 
 
 4. To SELL interest of debtor. See Execution; Judg- 
 
 ment. 
 
 5. Are measured by entry on docket, 6 Wh. 340 ; 1 W. 
 
 6 S. 2^9; 1 Barr408. 
 
 6. To ASSAIL previous liens, 2 S. & R. 142; 11 S. & R. 
 
 828; 14 S. & R. 307; 1 P. & W. 158, 251; 3 P. & 
 W. 72 ; 1 W. 385 ; 2 W. 50 ; 5 W. & S. 473, 474; 
 
 7 W. & S. 381; 8 W. & S. 387; 9 W. & S. 189; 4 
 H. 18; 3 Wr. 361; 13 Wr. 380, 384; 6 S. 386; 7 S. 
 175; 12 S. 408,481. 
 
 7. To contest return of sale to lien creditor, 10 Wr. 
 
 407. 
 
 8. How affected by assignment by defendant, 4 Barr 
 
 275. See Assignment. 
 
 9. How affected by Bankrupt Law, 1 D. 391; 2 D. 158. 
 
 10. To FOLLOW EARNINGS OF PROPERTY TAKEN BY FRAUD, 
 
 3 Barr 294. 
 
 11. To proceeds of sheriff's sale OP LAND HELD UNDER 
 
 CONTRACT TO PURCHASE, 2 S. & R. 11 ; 8 S. & R. 425; 
 9 S. & R. 397; 16 S. & R. 18, 266, 425; 4 W. 465. 
 
 12. Where he has claim on two funds, 10 S. & R. 450; 
 
 5 R. 56; 2 W. 205, 228; 9 W. 18, 73, 529; 10 W. 
 308; 7 W. & S. 269; 2'H. 269; 11 H. 505; 6 C. 
 56; 20 S. 373. See Subrogation. 
 
458 JUDaMENT CREDITOE. 
 
 JUDGMENT CREDITOR— continued. 
 
 13. To TESTIFY, 2 D. 268 ; 4 W. & S. 472; 2 Barr 55. 
 
 14. On distribution of proceeds of sale. See Sheriff's 
 
 Sale. 
 
 15. As to confirmation of sheriff's sale, 1 W. & S. 528. 
 
 16. To real estate as it was at date op lien, 9 Wr. 455. 
 
 17. Against deceased debtor, 15 S. & R. 108; 9 W. 485; 
 
 2 C. 95; 3 0. 148. See Decedent. 
 
 18. To INTEREST OF HEIRS IN LAND OF ANCESTOR. See ante, 
 
 XX. 20. 
 
 19. To SUBROGATION. See Subrogation. 
 
 20. to earnings op minor for debt of parent, 3 0. 220. 
 
 21. Against prothonotaryfor error in judgment docket, 
 
 7 W. & S. 406; 2 J. 227. 
 
 22. To unite with others as purchasers at sheriff's 
 
 sale, 1 W. & S. 129; 6 W. & S. 122; 3 Or. 151. 
 
 23. To contro'l judgment after attachment, 8 Wr. 288. 
 
 24. To result of issue awarded on distribution, 1 Wr. 
 
 268 ; 13 Wr. 380, 384. See Feigned Issue. 
 
 25. To INSURANCE MONEY DUE ON PROPERTY COVERED BY 
 
 LIEN, 12 S. 340. * 
 
 26. To RELIEF IN EQUITY, 12 H. 106; 2 0. 78. 
 
 27 To PURCHASE debtor's property for use OF his 
 
 FAMILY, 18 S. 297. 
 
 28. To OBJECT TO Orphans' Court decree ordering sale 
 
 op real estate by ADMINISTRATOR, 17 S. 335. 
 
 29. Waiver of rights by, 4 Y. 399. 
 
 II. Duty of. 
 
 1. Where he has LIEN on two funds, 10 S. & E. 450; 5 
 
 R. 56 ; 2 W. 205, 228; 9 W. 73, 520; 10 W. 303; 7 
 W. & S. 269; 9 W. & S. 18; 2 H. 269; 11 H. 505; 
 6 0.56; 2 Wr. 512; 20 S. 373. 
 
 2. To exhaust PROPERTY WHICH REMAINS IN CREDITOR 
 
 BEFORE THAT OP HIS VENDEES, 18 S. 294. 
 
 3. As TO ENTRY OP JUDGMENT, 3 H. 177; 7 W. & S. 406. 
 
 4. To LOOK TO APPLICATION OP FUND FOR DISTRIBUTION, 1 
 
 R. 295; 1 P. & W. 241. 
 
 5. To PRESENT CLAIM FOR DISTRIBUTION, 3 Barr 312. 
 
 III. Liability of. 
 
 1. On release of levy. See Fieri Facias. 
 
 2. On ABANDONMENT OF DEFENCE TO SCIRE FACIAS ON 
 
 PREVIOUS LIEN, 1 P. & W. 158. 
 
JUDGMENT CREDITOR— JUDICIAL LEGISLATION. 459 
 
 JUDGMENT GKEDITOB,— continued. 
 
 3. On admissions, 1 Y. 253. 
 
 4. To SET OFF, 1 R. 227 ; 8 Wr. 60, 256- 
 
 5. For rent received, 2 H. 42. 
 
 6. In TRESPASS, 1 S. 190. See Abuse op Process. 
 
 JUDGMENT FEE, 1 B. 501. 
 
 JUDGMENT INDEX. 
 
 1. Conclusiveness OF ENTRY IN, 6 Wh. 340; 3 W. & S. 233, 
 
 237 ; 7 W. & S. 200, 406 ; 1 Barr 24, 408 ; 3 H. 177 ; 
 11 C. 130; 11 S. 455. 
 
 2. Not a record but an index, 4 Wr. 213. 
 
 3. Notice to whom, 4 Y. Ill ; 2 B. 40 ; 8 W. & S. 200, 233 ; 
 
 1 Barr 25, 404, 493; 3 H. 177. 
 
 4. Must be kept in English, 4 "Wr. 453. 
 
 5. Distribution of proceeds of sale by, 3 W. & S. 233 ; 7 
 
 W. & S. 200; 1 Barr 24; 3 H. 177; 3 C. 336; 12 C. 
 458; 2 Wr. 14; IS. 214. 
 
 6. Amendment of, 6 Wh. 240. 
 
 7. Principle of idem sonans applied to entry in, 3 Wr. 
 
 429. See Idem Sonans. «^ 
 
 8. As TO NAMES of PARSES IN, 7 W. & S. 406; 3 H. 181; 3 
 
 0. 336 ; 12 C. 458 ; 3 Wr. 429 ; 4 Wr. 453 ; 11 Wr. 128. 
 
 9. Evidence as to priority op lien, 8 C. 328. 
 
 10. Effect of erroneous entry in, 7 W. & S. 406; 2 J. 
 ■ 227 ; 3 H. 177 ; 12 0. 458. 
 
 JUDGMENT NOTE. 
 
 Negotiability of, 3 Barr 340. 
 
 JUDICIAL ACT OF CONGRESS. 
 
 1. Form of record under, 3 D. 336. 
 
 2. Removal op cases under, 3 D. 467. 
 
 JUDICIAL DECISIONS. 
 
 Of British courts, 1 D. 67 ; 1 Y. 363 ; 2 Y. 69, 481. 
 
 JUDICIAL DISTRICT. 
 
 Including Potter County, when established, 1 Barr 147. 
 
 JUDICIAL LEGISLATION. 
 
 Discussed, 1 P. & W. 218 ; 2 W. & S. 271 ; 4 W. & S. 320 ; 
 5 W. & S. 174 ; 2 Barr 25 ; 1 J. 489, 495 ; 3 H. 18 ; 9 
 H. 147; 7 C. 87; 9 C. 495; 7 Wr. 512; 1 Gr. 152; 7 
 S. 369, 433; 8 S. 46; 11 S. 321; 18 S. 45, 248. See 
 Acts op Assembly 13. 
 
460 JUDICIAL OFFICERS— JURISDICTION OF COURTS. 
 
 JUDICIAL OFFICERS. 
 
 Election of, 15 S. 76. 
 
 JUDICIAL PROCEEDINGS. 
 
 1. Not to be reversed collaterally, 5 C. 129; 7 Ban- 
 
 Si; 2 H. 413, 417; 5 Wr. 195; 7 Wr. 278; 13 Wr. 
 143 ; 14 Wr. 17. 
 
 2. Presumption in favor of, 13 S. & R. 220 ; 4 Wr. 43 ; 
 
 10 H. 163 ; 12 H. 193, 289 ; 1 C. 231 ; 5 C. 522. 
 
 3. Who may object to irregularity of, 2 W. 228 ; 8 H. 
 
 33 ; 4 Wr. 385. 
 
 4. Who may assail for irregularity, 17 S. 91. 
 
 JUDICIAL SALES. 
 
 1. General rules as to. See Caveat Emptor. 
 
 2. What are, 1 H. 98; 4 C. 47; 7 S. 394, 395. 
 
 3. Must be public, 7 W. 305; 7 Barr 87; 10 Barr 396; 1 
 
 H. 411; 3 H. 90; 5 H. 353; 1 Wr. 170; 11 S. 415; 20 
 
 S. 239. 
 
 4. Not -within Statute of Frauds, 1 C. 468 ; 12 C. 123. 
 
 5. To -WHOM notice, 11 S. & R. 121; 5 Wr. 297; 7 Wr. 278. 
 
 6. When void, 7 W. 305; 11 H. 215; 12 H. 217; 7 Wr. 
 
 219; 13 Wr. 394; 2 Gr. 431. 
 
 7. How invalidated, 7 W. 552; 6 H. 199; 11 H. 215. 
 
 8. Effect of on liens. See Sheriff's Sale. 
 
 9. Power of officer to prescribe conditions of, 11 S. & 
 
 R. 134; 4 R. 440; 2 W. 263; 8 W. 48; 3 W. & S. 2&9; 
 6 W. & S. 280. See Administrator ; Sheriff. 
 10. Protection of parties interested in, 3 B. 54; 4 B 
 43; 5 W. 303; 2 Wli. 52. See also, Sheriff's Sale; 
 Orphans' Court ; Partition. 
 
 JUNIATA. 
 
 1. Boundary between Mifflin and Huntingdon Counties, 
 ■ 4 H. 512. 
 
 2. Liability of carriers on, 2 B. 72. 
 
 JURISDICTION OF COURTS. 
 
 1. General rules relative to, 2 D. 30, 359, 360, 410 ; 3 D. 
 
 401, 404, 405, 408, 410 ; 4 D. 26 ; 1 Y. 77, 249 ; 5 B. 522 ; 
 10 W. 299; 4 W. & S. 311; 9 W. & S. 60; 4 0. 256; 
 8 C. 356; 1 Wr. 387; 12 Wr. 292; 1 Gr. 212; 3 S. 
 505; 20 S. 311. 
 
 2. Objection to when and how made, 2 D. 368 ; 3 D. 32 ; 
 
 1 B. 220 ; 6 S. & R. 63; 10 C. 354 ; 3 Gr. 270; 3 S. 505. 
 
JUEISDICTION OF COURTS— JURY. 461 
 
 JURISDICTION OF GOJJUTS— continued. 
 
 3. Cannot be given by consent, 2 D. 381; 3D. 476; 4 D. 
 
 330; 12 S. & R. 385; 4 W. 139; 1 C. 105. 
 
 4. Validity of acts in excess op, 1 D. 134; 6 S. & R. 63. 
 
 5. Waiver of objections to, 12 C. 29. 
 
 6. Ousted by recovery beyond sum claimed, 8 S. 463. 
 
 7. Power of court to decide question of. See Courts. 
 
 JURY. 
 
 1. Right of trial by, 3 S. & R. 364 ; 13 S. & R. 128; 16 
 S. &R. 349; 12 H. 289; 4 Wr. 364,462; 6 Wr. 89; 1 
 S. 96, 412. 
 . 2. Waiver of right, 4 D. 18; 7 C. 310. 
 
 3. Selection of, 2 D. 252, 338, 342; 3 D. 411, 415; 4 D. 
 
 353; 2 Y. 443;4 Y. 43 ; 6 B. 179. 
 
 4. Object of addition to names of, 5 C. 129. 
 
 5. Effect of defective addition, 4 Y. 384. 
 
 6. De meditate LINGUiE, ALLOWANCE OF, 1 D. 75. 
 
 7. Struck jury, 3 Y. 194; 6 S. & R. 107; 2 S. 128. 
 
 8. Residence of to appear in return,'2 D. 142. 
 
 9. Parties entitled to panel of, 1 D. 133 ; 2 D. 23. 
 
 10. Effect of error in bmpannelling, 1 Y. 326. 
 
 11. Selection op talesmen, 4 Y. 236 ; 1 B. 127 ; 2 P. & W. 
 
 412 ; 4 Wr. 462 ; 10 II. 94. 
 
 12. Impartiality of, how ascertained, 4 Y. 267. 
 
 13. Challenge op. See Challenge. 
 
 14. Oath of, 2 H. 260 ; 1 C. 11. 
 
 15. Form of record of, 3 S. & R. 327. 
 
 16. Practice as to empannelling where some of depend- 
 
 ants have confessed judgment, 14 Wr. 281. _ 
 
 17. Practice where sworn juror fails to appear, 1 II. 
 
 197. 
 
 18. Practice where names have been changed by amend- 
 
 ment, 19 S. 380. 
 
 19. Right of jury. 
 
 To decide disputed facts, 1 D. 21 ; 1 Y. 108, 329; 1 S 
 
 6 R. 520 ; 12 S. & R. 328; 1 P. & W. 383; 4 W 
 380; 6 W. 32 ; 6 W. 500 ; 9 W. 33, 556 ; 10 W 
 397 ; 4 Wh. 339 ; 8 Barr 273 ; 7 H. 461, 471 ; 8 H 
 210 ; 9 H. 315; 10 H. 423 ; 4 C. 492 ; 5 C. 565 
 
 7 C. 252 ; 8 C. 250 ; 2 Wr. 207 ; 4 Wr. 364, 373 ; 
 12 S. 165. 
 
462 JUEY. 
 
 JURY — continued. 
 
 To administer equity, 15 S. k R. 118 ; 12 H. 28. 
 To judge as to credibility of witnesses, 1 Y. 108 ; 4 S. & 
 R. 503; 3 W. 99; 4 W. 380; 6 W. 500; 9 H. 315. 
 To alter verdict, 4 S. & R. 260; 16 S. & R. 414; 4 W. 
 
 357 ; 7 W. 12, 38 ; 11 H. 501 ; 7 C. 132. 
 To return sealed verdict, 2 D. 347. 
 To decide on law and fact, 3 D. 4. 
 To decipher writings, 6 W. 266. 
 To return to court for instruction, 3 D. 5. 
 To refreshment and food in criminal case, 3 R. 503. 
 To separate, 3 H. 468. 
 
 20. Powers of. 
 
 To render verdict on appeal above jurisdiction of justice, 
 
 5 B. 600. 
 To require papers to be sent out with them, 1 Y. 400 ; 4 
 
 Y. 532 ; 5 B. 238, 278 ; 13 S. & R. 175 ; 15 S. & 
 
 R. 26, 61 ; 16 S. & R. 92 ; 4 W. 165, 169 ; 5 W. & 
 
 S. 38, 438 ; 1 Barr 340 ; 2 Barr 85 ; 10 Barr 232 ; 
 
 2 J. 252 ; 6 H. 321 ; 8 H. 375; 12 H. 507 ; 2 C. 
 
 135 ; 7 Wr. 445 ; 10 Wr. 385 ; 7 S. 142 ; 15 S. 416 ; 
 
 18 S. 400. See Books and Papers, II. 
 To require use of law books, 3 D. 4. 
 As to costs, 3 B. 321 ; 1 S. & R. 416, 511 ; 6 -S. & R. 
 
 34; 6 W. 533; 7 W. 485; 2 C. 171. 
 To find general instead of special verdict, 13 S. 246. 
 To decide as to grade of murder, 13 Wr. 396. 
 To fix value of services in implied assumpsit, 13 Wr. 163. 
 
 21. Duties of. 
 
 To avoid public discussion of case while empannelled, 1 
 
 S. & R. 169. 
 Not to impeach verdict, 4 B. 150. 
 Not to inculpate fellow jurors, 5 R. 61. 
 
 22. Discharge of, 1 Y. 326; 1 S. &. R. 430; 6 S. & R. 
 577; 3 R. 498; 3 Barr 239. 
 
 23. Right of party to poll jury, 15 S. 310. 
 
 24. Withdrawal of juror, 1 Y. 326 ; 4 Y. 244. 
 
 25. Misconduct of, 4 D. 114 ; 1 Y. 372 ; 2 Y. 522 ; 5 B. 
 
 340. 
 
 26. Verdict op. 8ee Verdict. 
 
 27. Compensation of. 
 In court, 5 B. 535. 
 
 On inquisition of real estate, 3 S. & R. 540. 
 
 28. Competency of as witnesses, 8 H. 92 ; IS. 332. 
 
JURY— JUSTICE OF THE PEACE. 463 
 
 J I J V-? Y COTlf 771/1/ Pu 
 
 29. Errors waived by trial, 3 Y. 320; 4 Y. 45 ; 7 S. & R. 
 116 ; 11 S. & R. 153 ; 12 S. & R. 412 ; 17 S. & R. 116, 
 295 ; 2 P. & W. 159, 291 ; 5 W. 69 ; 5 Wh. 67 ; 2 W. 
 & S. 101, 261 ; 4 W. & S. 473 ; 4 Barr 29 ; 9 Barr 189 ; 
 2 H. 513; 12 H. 404; 3 Gr. 268; 16 S. 162; 19 S. 
 456. 
 
 30. Right of court to mould verdict. See Court ; Ver- 
 dict. 
 
 JURY FEE. 
 
 Liability of sheriff for, 3 S. & R. 601. 
 
 JUSTICE OF THE PEACE. 
 
 I. Selection of, 7 W. 334, 335; 2 H. 413. 
 
 II. Commission of. 
 
 1. How AFFECTED BY DIVISION OF COUNTY, 4 Y. 399. 
 
 2. How AFFECTED BY DIVISION OF TOWNSHIP, 4 S. & R. 
 
 271. 
 
 3. How AFFECTED BY APPOINTMENT AS ASSOCIATE JUDGE, 4 
 
 S. & R. 275. 
 
 4. Who are ex officio, 3 Y. 93. 
 
 III. Bond of. 
 
 Liability of sureties on, 2 Barr 448, 450 ; 8 Barr 415 ; 
 11 Wr 335; 19 S. 260. 
 
 When evidence, 1 Gr. 359. 
 
 IV. Jurisdiction of. 
 
 1. Must be strictly construed, 4 Y. 127 ; 1 B. 106, 219; 
 
 I S. & R. 19; 8 S. & R. 343 ; 8 W. 179 ; 10 W. 118, 
 121. 
 
 2. Presumption in favor of, 4 Y. 373; 8 Barr 466; 11 
 
 H. 184. 
 
 3. When claim is reduced by set-off or counter demand, 
 
 16 S. &R. 255; IP. & W. 21; 3P. &W. 525; 5 Wh. 
 94; 1 W. & S. 57; 7 W. & S. 384; 4 Barr 330; 1 Wr. 
 387, 456; 9 Wr. 235. 
 
 4. None over abstract questions of right, 4 Y. 127. 
 
 5. As to amount of claim under contract, 1 S. & R. 
 
 19, 27; 2 S. & R. 489; 3 S. & R. 290; 4 S. & R. 
 190, 269 ; 10 W. 18 ; 5 Wh. 94 ; 1 W. & S. 57 ; 8 Barr 
 466; 1 J. 280; 2 Gr. 247; 2 S. 442, 444. 
 
 6. Construction of word "demand" in Act of 1810, 1 
 
 Y. 77, 249; 2 S. 442. 
 
464 JUSTICE OP THE PEACE. 
 
 JUSTICE OF THE PEACE— continued. 
 
 7. Construction of word " contract" in Act of 1810, 
 
 13 S. & R. 102; 2 P. & W. 95; 8 W. 179; 1 Wr. 
 387. 
 
 8. In amicable action, 4 Y. 127; 5 B. 29; 1 S. & E. 27; 
 
 4 S. & R. 190; 1 P. & W. 15; 2 W. 71; 3 W. 235, 
 381; 10 W. 118; 1 C. 145; 7 Wr. Ill; 12 Wr. 127; 
 2 Gr. 247. 
 
 9. As to warrants of attorney, IB. 105; 6 W. 294; 10 
 
 W. 102. 
 
 10. On contract of bailment, 6 W. 47; 7 W. 175, 542. 
 
 11. Against executors and administrators, 1 Y. 250 ; 8 
 
 C. 309. 
 
 12. In account render, 10 S. & R. 227 ; 5 Wh. 448. 
 
 13. In assault and battery, 4 Y. 127. 
 
 14. In suit on insolvent bond, 2 P. & W. 462 ; 3 P. & W. 
 
 64. 
 
 15. In suit v. constable, 6 S. & R. 245, 414 ; 15 S. & R. 
 . 75; 3 W. 208; 4 W. 215; 2 J. 379; 3 Gr. 240. 
 
 16. In suit on sheriff's bail bond, 13 S. & R. 44; 17 S. 
 
 & R. 360, 367. 
 
 17. Where title to land may come in question, 3 R. 
 
 325; 3 P. & W. 388; 2 W. 135; 6 W. 337; 3 Wh. 
 110; 5 W. & S. 484; 3 H. 358, 360; 6 H. 240; 8 H. 
 464,468; 1 C. 350; 3 C. 323; 2 Gr. 37; 8 S. 137; 
 11 S. 497 ; 2 Gr. 37. 
 
 18. On note for price of land, 5 W. 482; 6 W. 337. 
 
 19. In suit for taking illegal fees, 7 W. 491. 
 
 20. Against justice for money collected, 6 W. 384. 
 
 21. Where suit has been brought before another, 2 D. 
 
 77 ; 3 D. 78, 114 ; 1 W. & S. 414 ; 3 C. 71. 
 
 22. On judgment of Common Pleas, 8 S. & R. 343; 12 
 
 S. & R. 58; 17 S. & R. 369. 
 28. On award, 1 Y. 77 ; 7 Barr 134. 
 
 24. On judgment of foreign justice, 17 S. & R. 369 ; 7 
 
 W. 314; 10 Wr. 519. 
 
 25. On judgment op justice in same county, 17 S. k. R. 
 
 369 ; 4 Barr 339 ; 10. Wr. 519. 
 
 26. For not entering satisfaction on judgment in court, 
 
 13 S. & R. 102. 
 
 27. In trespass, 2 D. 73 ; 1 Y. 77 ; 2 B. 173 ; 6 B. 33 ; 1 
 
 S. & R. 234; 12 S. & R. 58; 13 S. & R. 417; 7 W. 
 
JUSTICE OP THE PEACE. 465 
 
 JUSTICE OF THE V'EAGB— continued. 
 
 & S. 367; 7 Barr 254; 7 H. 359; 8 H. 464; 2 S. 
 444. 
 
 28. In trover, 2 S. 444. See Trover. 
 
 29. Under landlord and tenant law, 1 Y. 49, 77, 78 ; 
 
 4 Y. 237, 525 ; 1 R. 73, 435; 6 H. 240; 8 S. 137. 
 
 30. For recovery oe possession by sheriff's vendee. 
 
 See Sheriff's Sale. 
 
 31. In pauper cases, 1 Y. 250 ; 2 S. & R. 363 ; 3 P. & W. 
 
 461 ; 3 W. & S. 548 ; 5 W. & S. 434 ; 6 W. & S. 522 ; 
 3 0. 275. 
 
 32. In apprentice cases, 1 S. & R. 248. 
 
 33. In criminal cases, 6 S. &. R. 427; 7 W. 454. 
 
 34. In oases of negligence, 13 S. & R. 44, 102; 17 S. & 
 
 367, 371; 2 P. & W. 292; 6 W. 47, 384, 387; 7 W. 
 120, 175, 542; 2 J. 381; 7 C. 14. 
 
 35. On warranty on sale of chattels, 1 S. & R. 417. 
 
 36. On covenant for ground-rent, 3 P. & W. 461 ; 9 H. 
 
 450. 
 
 37. After appeal and entry op bail, 1 D. 316. 
 
 38. Not for deficiency on sale op land, 3 R. 325. 
 
 39. To hold inquest super visum corpus, 6 Wh. 269. 
 
 40. In action to recover military' fines, 2 D. 113. 
 
 41. On scire facias after transcript piled in common 
 
 pleas, 1 B. 381; 8 S. & R. 419. 
 
 42. Against executors, 12 S. & R. 58 ; 8 0. 309. 
 
 43. On forfeited recognisance, 17 S. & R. 370. 
 
 44. Action fob legacy, 12 S. & R. 59. 
 
 45. In cases op bailment, 7 W. 175, 542. 
 V. Powers of. 
 
 1. To ENTER NON-SUIT, 2 Barr 89. 
 
 2. To PUNISH FOR contempt, 12 S. & R. 175; 2 C. 99. 
 
 3. To amend proceedings, 4 W. 329. 
 
 4. To REFER CAUSE TO ARBITRATORS, 1 S. & R. 27 ; 2 S. & 
 
 R. 489 ; 3 p. & W. 175. 
 
 5. To SET ASIDE AWARD FOR MALFEASANCE, 9 Barr 106; 3 
 
 Wr. 234. 
 
 6. To ADMINISTER OATH, 3 B. 539. 
 
 7. To TAKE ACKNOWLEDGMENT OF DEED. See DeED. 
 
 8. To PERFORM MARRIAGE CEREMONY, 4 B. 24. 
 
 30 
 
466 JUSTICE OF THE PEACE. 
 
 JUSTICE OF THE FEAGE—eontinued. 
 
 9. To IMPRISON DESERTING SEAMEN, 1 S. & R. 392. 
 
 10. To ISSUE SCIRE FACIAS, 5 B. 56. 
 
 11. To SUPERSEDE EXECUTION, 1 P. & W. 61. 
 
 12. To ISSUE WARRANT OF ARREST, 1 Y. 71. 
 
 13. To DISCONTINUE ACTION, 5 S. & R. 399; 1 C. 77. 
 
 14. Over record after appeal, 1 D. 16. 
 
 15. Over record after transcript, 1 B. 381. 
 
 16. To open judgment, 2 W. 378, 380 ; 6 W. 513 ; 9 C. 485. 
 
 VI. Duty of. 
 
 1. Not to act as agent for plaintiff, 14 S. & R. 157. 
 
 2. In case of riot, 1 Y. 419. 
 
 3. To refrain from acting until return of process, 8 
 
 Barr 410. 
 
 4. To KEEP OFFICE WITHIN PROPER DISTRICT, 1 P. & "W. 15. 
 
 5. To ENTER CLAIM OF PLAINTIFF, 3 P. & W. 469. 
 
 6. To ENTER OFFER TO CONFESS JUDGMENT, 2 J. 256 ; 3 H. 
 
 41 ; 10 H. 298. 
 
 7. To ENTER DATE OF JUDGMENT, 5 B. 29. 
 
 8. To ENTER DISCONTINUANCE ON SETTLEMENT, 9 H. 59. 
 
 9. As TO TENDER OF AMENDS TO INJURED PARTY, 3 P. & 
 
 W. 519. 
 
 10. As TO CERTIORARI, 1 Y. 248, 471. See Certiorari. 
 
 11. As TO FILING appeal, 2 W. 72. 
 
 VII. Rights of. 
 
 1. To fees as witness, 6 B. 397. 
 
 2. To compensatory fees, 9 C. 190. 
 
 3. To FEES UNDER FEE BILL, 1 Y. 71, 206, 370 ; 17 S. & 
 
 R. 75 ; 3 P. & W. 619; 10 Barr 233 ; 9 C. 190. 
 
 4. To NOTICE OF INTENDED ACTION AGAINST, 2 Y. 444; 4 
 
 B. 20; 6 B. 83, 85; 3 S. & R. 295; 5 S. & R. 44, 
 
 299, 302, 517 ; 12 S. & R. 145, 148 ; 13 S. & R. 420 ; 
 
 17 S. & R. 75 ; 2 R. 208; 3 W. 144, 317; 5 W. 370 ; 
 
 7 W. 291, 297, 298, 491 ; 4 Wh. 12 ; 4 Y\'. & S. 290; 
 
 6 W. & S. 155; 7 W. & S. 362; 1 Barr 403; 9 Barr 
 
 135; 10-Barr 139; 3 H. 362; 10 C. 324; 2 Wr. 
 
 273; 19 S. 260. 
 As to form of notice, 4 B. 25 ; 6 B. 83; 3 S. & R. 295; 
 5 S. & R. 517 ; 12 S. & R. 145 ; 17 S. & R. 75; 3 
 W. 144; 5 W. 370; 7 W. 297, 491; 7 W. & S. 362, 
 363; 9 Barr 135; 11 H. 9; 2 Wr. 273. 
 
JUSTICE OP THE PEACE. 467 
 
 JUSTICE OF THE 'PEACE— continued. 
 
 5. To TENDER AMENDS, 4 B. 25 ; 3 P. & W. 519 ; 3 W. 317, 
 
 319; 7 W. 491. 
 
 6. To HOLD INQUISITION SUPER VISUM CORPUS, 6 Wh. 269, 
 
 270. 
 
 VIII. Proceedings before. 
 
 1. As TO SUMMONS, 5 H. 48; 8 Barr 410. 
 
 2. As TO SET OFF, 1 B. 219; 3 B. 45; 3 S. & R. 290; 10 
 
 S. & R. 227; 13 S. & R. 213; 17 S. & R. 386; 4 
 W. & S. 290; 5 W. & S. 459; 6 W. & S. 155; 2 
 Barr 89; 3 Barr 459; 3 H. 361; 5 H. 75; 8 H. 9 ; 
 1 C. 77; 5 0. 75. 
 
 3. Parties may appear by agent, 5 H. 48 ; 12 Wr. 127. 
 
 4. As TO special plea before, 10 H. 102. 
 
 5. As TO DISCONTINUANCE, 5 S. & R. 399; 1 0. 77. 
 
 6. As TO NONSUIT, 2 Barr 89; 5 H. "^5. 
 
 7. Judgment of. 
 
 When and why set aside. See Certiorari. 
 
 Validity of, 2 D. 77, 114 ; 4 S. & R. 190 ; 9 S. & R. 12 ; 
 
 10 W. 118; 10 Barr 187; 3 H. 101; 6 H. 122; 10 
 
 0. 489. 
 Award of referees, merger in, 3 Wr. 379.. 
 Entry of before return day, 5 B. 29. # 
 Striking off of, 5 S. & R. 399. 
 Opening, 2 W. 378, 380; 6 W. 513; 9 C. 485. 
 Not a lien without entry in Common Pleas, 2 H. 323. 
 
 8. Execution by. 
 
 Stay of, 5 W. 335; 1 W. & S. .159; 8 Barr 301. 
 On judgment over five years old, 5 Barr 115 ; 3 Gr. 259. 
 Misrecital in, 2 W. 424. 
 
 Effect of on lien in Common Pleas, 9 W. & S. 73. 
 Direction of to "next constable," 13 S. & R. 336. 
 Effect of on lien of fieri facias in hands of sheriff, 10 W. 
 212. 
 
 IX. Docket of. 
 
 Power of court' over, 8 Wr. 440. 
 
 Is not a record, 10 W. 103 ; 6 W. & S. 50. 
 
 Admissibility of, in evidence, 14 S. & R. 440; 2 R. 9; 7 
 
 W. 189; 4 W. & S. 192; 10 Barr 161, 233; 2 H. 
 
 413; 8 C. 539. 
 Parol amendment of, 2 W. & S. 377. 
 Cause of action shown by, 2 W. & S. 377. 
 Not to be varied by parol, 2 W. & S. 377; 3 H. 41. 
 Delivery of, to successor, 8 Wr. 440; 13 Wr. 168. 
 
468 JUSTICE OF THE PEACE— JUSTIFICATION. 
 
 JUSTICE OF THE VEAGE— continued. 
 Transcript from. 
 Form of, 6 S. & R. 549. 
 Proceedings on before justice, 1 W. & S. 414 ; 6 H. 
 
 120. 
 Must be a copy of entries, 2 J. 256. 
 Amendment of, 1 R. 370. 
 Power of court over, 12 S. & R. 72; 7 H. 495, 497; 
 
 2 S. 431. 
 When a judgment in Common Pleas, 8 S. & R. 479; 1 
 
 P. & W. 276 ; 3 P. & W. 98 ; 7 W. 540 ; 9 W. 
 
 & S. 73; 2 S. 431. 
 Execution, 2 W. 424,447; 6 W. & S. 343; 5 Barr 
 
 520. 
 Attachment on under Act of 1836, 2 W. & S. 169. 
 Admissibility of in evidence, 7 S. & R. 273; 14 S. & 
 
 R. 440; 8 W. 465; 2 Barr 461; 8 C. 539. 
 Who may certify under Act of 1810, 6 H. 120. 
 Effect of two in same case, 2 H. 185; 1 R. 223. 
 Record remains after filing, 3 B. 381 ; 2 S. 431. 
 Remedy where amount of judgment is over $100, 3 P. 
 
 & W. 98 ; 3 W. 381. 
 When exhausted, 3 Gr. 259. 
 X. Liability of. 
 
 1. On B0ND*2 Barr 448, 450 ; 8 Barr 415 ; 11 Wr. 335 ; 
 
 19 S. 260. 
 
 2. Foe taking illegal fees, 1 Y. 71, 206, 320 ; 7 S. & 
 
 R. 447; 17 S. & R. 75; 3 P. & W. 519; 5 W. 477; 
 IH. 9; 9 C. 191; 2 Wr. 273. 
 
 3. Form of indictment for, 10 S. & R. 373. 
 
 4. For taking insufficient sureties, 1 Y. 330. 
 
 5. For refusing copy of proceedings, 10 S. & R. 373; 
 
 5 R. 59. 
 
 6. For malicious abuse of power, 14 S. 141. 
 
 7. For not attempting to quell riot, 1 Y. 419. 
 
 8. For marrying minor, 4 B. 20 ; 14 S. & R. 287; 3 W. 
 
 317; 5 W. 370; 10 W. 82 ; 7 W. & S. 362; 2 J. 205; 
 10 0. 324. See Minor. 
 
 For not certifying recognisance on appeal, 2 W. 72 ; 
 
 5 Wh. 435. 
 To forfeit fees by Statute of Limitations, 10 Barr 233. 
 Acts of 1772, 1820 and 1839 relative to, considered, 
 19 S. 266. 
 
 JUSTIFICATION. See Slander ; Trespass. 
 
KENNEDY, JUSTICE— LAND. 469 
 
 KENNEDY, JUSTICE. 
 
 Death of, announced, 4 Barr 5. 
 
 KENSINGTON. 
 
 1. Authority of commissioners of, 3 R. 445. 
 
 2. Municipal liens in, 5 R. 291. 
 
 3. Party walls in, 8 H. 219. 
 
 KIDNAPPING. See Negroes. 
 
 KNOWLEDGE. 
 
 1. When notice, 2 Y. 211 ; 7 W. 261 ; 8 W. 489 ; 10 W. 
 
 397; 5 W. & S. 284 ; 8 W. & S. 311; 3 Barr 161, 246; 
 4 Barr 388; 5 Barr 473 ; 4 H. 364, 399 ; 6 H. 157, 160, 
 395 ; 8 H. 134 ; 10 0. 191 ; 11 Wr. 141 ; 6 S. 257 ; 11 
 S. 168. See Notice. 
 
 2. " Of his legal right," meaning op, 9 H. 412. 
 
 3. By attorney, not notice to client, 3 C. 504. 
 
 LABORER. 
 
 1. Defined under act exempting wages, 10 Wr. 57; 13 
 
 Wr. 147, 387. 
 
 2. Preference as to wages op, 2 Wr. 164 ; 10 Wr. 67. 
 
 3. Wages op exempt prom attachment, 13 Wr. 147, 387. 
 
 LACHES. 
 
 1. Presumption arising from, 6 Barr 425 ; 12 Wr. 361. 
 
 2. Of cestui que trust, 8 S. & R. 484 ; 5 W. 451; 4 Wr. 68. 
 
 3. Of vendee op land, 12 Wr. 361. 
 
 LANCASTER. 
 
 I. City. 
 
 1. Jurisdiction of mayor's court in, 3 P. & W. 253. 
 
 2. Opening of streets in, 18 S. 396. 
 
 II. County. 
 
 1. Act op 1857, relative to roads in, construed, 8 C. 
 
 383. 
 
 2. Equity jurisdiction op Common Pleas op, 2 Gr. 287. 
 
 LAND. 
 
 1. What passes by sale of, 7 W. 378. 
 
 2. Of Commonwbath, trespass on, 4 S. & R. 467. 
 
 3. Conveyance of for special purposes, 3 Barr 436. 
 
 4. Assets for payment op debts, 1 D. 481 ; 2 D. 94, 202 ; 
 
 4 D. 119 ; 1 Y. 75, 192, 238, 427 ; 2 Y. 123 ; 4 Barr 
 191. 
 
470 LAND DAMAGES— LANDLORD. 
 
 LAND DAMAGES. See Canals; Railroads; Eoads; 
 J Streets. 
 
 LANDING. 
 
 Of cargo, 4 D. 455. 
 
 LANDLORD. 
 I. Rights op. 
 
 1. To RENT. 
 
 For property destroyed by fire, 4 Barr 444. 
 
 Out of proceeds of sheriff's sale, 2 Y. 274; 5 B. 505, 
 506, 552; 13 S. & R. 158, 159, 295; 4 W. 39; 
 5 W. 134, 140; 1 W. & S. 416 ; 3 W. & S. 9 ; 4 
 W. & S. 344; 5 W. & S. 220, 432 ; 6 W. & S. 333, 
 335; 9 W. & S. 180 ; 3 Barr 218 ; 4 Barr 471 ; 5 
 Barr 390, 422, 425 ; 2 H. 400, 402; 3 H. 80, 82 ; 
 9 H. 274; 11 H. 97; 6 0. 274; 11 C. 83, 162; 8 
 Wr. 477; 2 Gr. 378; 8 S. 501; 18 S. 302, 306; 
 16 S. 312 ; 20 S. 98, 395. 
 
 To notice of levy on tenant's property, 20 S. 396. 
 
 To distrain for. See Distress. 
 
 After transfer of lease, 8 Barr 120; 11 H. 18. 
 
 Out of proceeds of sale by assignee, 5 Wh. 267. 
 
 On note •without waiver of exemption for rent due on lease 
 with waiver, 11 Wr. 262. 
 
 Preference for. over judgment creditor, 2 B. 46 ; 5 B. 159, 
 552; 6 C. 274; 20 S. 395. 
 
 To recover rent by suit, 4 Y. 237 ; 3 S. & R. 500 ; 10 
 S. & R. 251, 380 ; 6 Wh. 499 ; 1 W. & S. 530 ; 12 
 Wr. 435. 
 
 Basis of action for, 5 H. 234. 
 
 To recover for use and occupation. See Use and Occu- 
 pation. 
 
 To delivery of rent in kind, 5 W. & S. 145, 157; 7 C. 
 426: 9 Wr. 376. 
 
 To interest on, 2 Y. 73 ; 2 B. 196; 6 B. 159; 7 Barr 
 185. 
 
 To security for, under Act of March 25, 1825, 1 R. 73. 
 
 2. To action op account under, 1 W. k S. 530. 
 
 3. To RETAIN STRAW AND MANURE ON FARM, 1 W. & S. 509; 
 
 2 W. & S. 22; 5 W. & S. 157; 5 Barr 211; 5 H. 
 262. 
 
 4. To ejectment, 1 Y. 160, 207; 4 S. & R. 467; 5 S. & 
 
 R. 236; 7 H. 434; 12 H. 72. 
 
 5. On covenant not to assign lease, 6 S. & R. 446. 
 
 6. Against assignee oe lease, 8 P. & W. 892; 9 W. 193; 
 
 11 C. 869. 
 
LANDLORD. 471 
 
 LANDLORD — continued. 
 
 T. To SUE IN TRESPASS, 2 Barr 289; 1 C. 137. 
 
 8. To TERMINATE LEASE, 6 C. 281. 
 
 9. To POSSESSION AT TERMINATION OF LEASE. 
 
 As to notice to tenant to quit, 1 B. 133; 2 S. & R. 50; 
 5 8. & R. 174: 8 S. & R. 459; 9 S. & R. 87; 4 
 R. 123 ; 1 J. 472 ; 7 H. 434 ; 4 S. 86, 90 ; 7 S. 
 184; 12 S. 133. 
 
 As to entry, 3 P. & W. 392; 1 W. & S. 90; 8 W. & S. 
 226; 9 Barr 338; 6 C. 274, 281; 1 Wr. 625; 2 
 Wr. 346 ; 3 S. 319 ; 4 S. 86 ; 5 S. 170. See Entry. 
 
 10. To CROPS UNDER LEASE, 6 Barr 145 ; 9 Barr 338 ; 7 C. 
 
 426 ; 9 Wr. 376. See Crops. 
 
 11. Under Landlord and Tenant Act op 1772. 
 Proof necessary to commence proceedings, 4 S. 224. 
 Notice to tenant, 2 S. & R. 14 ; 5 S. & R. 174; 8 S. & 
 
 R. 459; 4 S. 86; 11 S. 491; 14 S. 336; 17 S. 149. 
 Return to summons in, 15 S. & R. 43. 
 To what cases applicable, 2 S. & R. 480 ; 5 S. & R. 174 ; 
 
 8 S. & R. 470 ; 2 R. 11 ; 3 P. & W. 34, 55 ; 5 W. 
 
 134; 1 W. & S. 496, 500 ; 5 W. & S. 531 ; 1 Barr 
 
 126 ; 2 Barr 293 ; 2 Gr. 417. 
 Selection of jury, 8 Barr 412 ; 12 H. 96. 
 Duty of inquest, 3 S. & R. 174 ; 12 H. 96. 
 Evidence in, 1 W. & S. 496 ; 4 W. & S. 120 ; 11 S. 491 ; 
 
 17 S. 149. 
 Form of inquisition, 5 S. & R. 174 ; 2 Barr 293; 4 Barr 
 
 140 ; 4 S. 224 ; 17 S. 348. 
 When jury are absent or cannot agree, 4 W. & S. 120; 
 
 12 H. 96. 
 Record of justice in, 2 S. & R. 480 ; 4 S. & R. 207 ; 1 
 
 Barr 126; 4 Barr 140; 11 S. 491; 12 S. 133; 17 
 
 S. 149, 348. 
 Appeal to Common Pleas, 4 W. & S. 120; 7 S. 446; 12 
 
 S. 177, 181. 
 Dismissal of appeal, 8 Barr 412. 
 Removal of to Supreme Court, 4 B. 185 ; 6 B. 128 ; 4 
 
 Barr 140; 7 H. 134; 12 H. 96; 17 S. 348. 
 Costs in, 12 H. 96. 
 
 12. Under Act of 1830. 
 
 Sheriff's vendee may proceed under, 1 R. 317; 9 Barr 
 
 213. 
 To what cases applicable, 1 R. 317 ; 8 W. & S. 226 ; 9 
 
 Barr 213. 
 Form of inquisition under, 9 Barr 213. 
 
472 LANDLORD. 
 
 LA'NDLO'RD— continued. 
 
 Appeal in, 10 W. 393 ; 10 H. 33 ; 1 0. 350. 
 Bill of exceptions in, 9 Barr 213. 
 13. Under Act of 1863. 
 
 Statute, construed, 1 S. & R. 412; 4 S. 90, 224; 16 S. 
 
 155. 
 Notice to tenant under, 4 S. 86, 90. 
 "Waiver of irregularity in, 12 S. 133. 
 Evidence for plaintiff under, 11 S. 497 ; 12 S. 177. 
 Duty of justice at hearing, 8 S. 137. 
 Defence under, 1 R. 408 ; 5 W. 64 ; 1 W. & S. 496 ; 2 
 
 W. & S. 249 ; 6 Barr 154; 8 S. 137; 12 S. 177. 
 Right of trial by jury under, 1 S. 412. 
 Requisites for proper decision of justice under, 12 S. 
 
 133, 177. 
 PresuDQption in favor of judgment of justice, 4 S. 90. 
 As to what must appear in record, 12 S. 133. 
 Appeal under, 8 S. 139 ; 12 S. 177 ; 16 S. 155, 157. 
 
 II. Duty op. 
 
 1. As TO REPAIRS, 1 D. 210, 211; 4 Wh. 226; 6 Barr 
 
 454. 
 
 2. As TO NOTICE OF CLAIM FOR RENT OUT OF EXECUTION, 13 
 
 S. & R. 295. 
 
 3. As TO NOTICE TO QUIT, 1 B. 333 ; 2 S. & R. 50 ; 5 S. & 
 
 R. 174; 8 S. &R. 459; 9 S. & R. 87 ; 4 R. 123; 7 
 H. 434; 4 S. 86, 90; 7 S. 184; 12 S. 133. 
 
 III. Liability op. 
 
 1. For negligence in erection op building, 8 H. 887. 
 
 2 Ti^ TRFSPASS 
 
 ' At suit of tenant, 2 Y. 309 ; 3 W. 327 ; 8 W. 282 ; 2 
 
 Wh. 226; 5 0. 163. 
 At suit of third party, 13 S. & R. 417. 
 
 3. In ejectment, 2 Y. 309. 
 
 4. For taxes, 5 B. 505. 
 
 5. For unreasonable distress, 6 S. & R. 286; 13 S. & 
 
 R. 286; 3 P. & W. 30; 6 W. 34; 2 Wh. 25; 5 C. 163; 
 1 Gr. 320; 10 S. 452. 
 
 6. For money paid by tenant on improper distress, 3 
 
 W. 327. 
 
 7. For distraining privileged goods, 2 Wh. 25. 
 
 8. To tenant for share of profits, 1 W. & S. 530. 
 
 9. For omission to repair, 1 D. 210, 211 ; 4 Wh. 226; 6 
 
 Barr 454. 
 
LANDLORD— LAND MARKS. 473 
 
 LANDLORD — continued. 
 
 10. For ebpaiks made by lessee, 6 Wh. 303; 1 W. & S. 
 
 532; 4 Barr 364; 6 Barr 540; 9 Barr 193; 11 H. 
 305 ; 12 H. 67. 
 
 11. To SUSPENSION OF RENT, 4 D. 124; 1 Y. 175; 11 S. & 
 
 R. 419; 1 R. 435; 10 H. 144; 1 C. 193; 7 Wr. 404; 
 19 S. 326. 
 
 12. For non-delivery oe possession to lessee, 6 S. 173. 
 
 13. To EXTINGUISHMENT OP RENT, 3 Y. 124 ; 2 B. 138, 152 ; 
 
 3 B. 124; 5 B. 552; 2 W. 426; 1 Wh. 228, 337; 8 
 Barr 11; 10 H. 144; 1 0. 193; 4 C. 451; 16 S. 425; 
 19 S. 316. 
 
 14. On eviction of tenant, 11 S. & R. 419; 4 R. 339 ; 3 
 
 Barr 444; 9 Barr 338 ; 2 Wr. 340; 7 Wr. 404; 6 S. 
 173. 
 
 15. On eviction of landlord, 2 P. & W. 144. 
 
 16. On surrender of lease before expiration of term, 
 
 5 Barr 422. 
 
 17. On parol promise to reduce rent, 13 S. & R. 39. 
 
 18. To TENANT on PERMISSION TO HOLD OVER, 13 S. & R. 434. 
 
 19. To ASSIGNEE OF LEASE, 9 W. 193; 11 C. 369. 
 
 20. For acts of tenant, 2 Barr 394 ; 9 Barr 193 ; 11 0. 
 
 351; 7 S. 142. 
 
 21. Admissions by, 1 S. & R. 25 ; 2 S. & R. 14. 
 
 LANDLORD AND TENANT. 
 
 1. Creation of relationship. See Lease. 
 
 2. Proof of relationship, 5 B. 228; 2 P. & W. 23; 2 W. 
 
 180; 6W. 362; 2 W. & S. 240; 3 Barr 179; 8 Barr 
 272; 9 Barr 220; 2 H. 288; 11 H. 199; 1 Wr. 187 ; 
 
 7 Wr. 628; 6 S. 172. 
 
 3. Dissolution of relationship, 7 S. & R. 372; 7 W. 123; 
 
 2W. &S. 240; 1 Barr 54; 3 Barr 441; 5 Barr 422; 
 
 8 Barr 112; 9 Barr 221; 1 C. 397; 3 S. 319; 16 S. 
 297; 18 S. 75; 19 S. 53. 
 
 4. Acts relative to. 
 
 Extend only to cases Tvhere rent is reserved, 2 S. & R. 
 480; 2 R. 12; 3 P. & W. 34, 37, 55; 5 W. 134; 
 3 W. (i S. 531; 1 Barr 120, 126 ; 2 Barr 293. 
 
 LAND MARKS. 
 
 Effect of on measurement of land, 1 Y. 28, 285 ; 2 Y. 89, 311 ; 
 4 Y. 300, 347 ; 2 S. & R. 394, 454, 456 ; 4 S. & R. 444, 
 456 ; 3 W. 280 ; 4 W. 261 ; 7 W. 91 ; 2 Barr 43 ; 4 Barr 
 
474 LAND MAEKS— LAND WAKKANT. 
 
 LAND MARKS,— continued. 
 
 247, 284 ; 5 Barr 249 ; 6 Barr 478 ; 2 J. 178 ; 3 H. 139 ; 
 4 H. 232 ; 4 0. 413 ; 10 C. 191, 198, 340 ; 2 Wr. 69 ; 10 
 Wr. 477; 11 Wr. 393; 13 S. 210. 
 
 LAND OFFICE. 
 
 1. Existence op recognised, .5 W. & S. 60. 
 
 2. Memokandum of secretary of, when evidence, 1 D. 5. 
 
 3. Receipt of secretary of, when evidence, 5 W. & S. 60. 
 
 4. Certificates from, when evidence, 5 W. & S. 60 ; 7 
 
 W. & S. 204. 
 
 5. Books op, when evidence, 3 S. & R. 207, 217 ; 12 S. & 
 
 R. 140 ; 5 W. 209 ; 6 H. 283 ; 3 C. 9. 
 
 6. Customs of, when evidence, 1 Y. 213; 2 Y. 306; 3 Y. 
 
 680; 3B. 14; 5 W. 209. 
 
 7. Jurisdiction op. 
 
 As to land adjoining Philadelphia, 1 Wh. 635. 
 As to land between high and low water mark on naviga- 
 ble rivers, 1 Wh. 535. 
 
 LAND OFFICE TITLES. 
 
 Act of April 8, 1786, relative to, construed, 13 S. & R. 382. 
 
 LAND OWNER. 
 Rights of. 
 
 1. Against corporations. See Canals ; Railroads ; 
 
 Roads; Streets. 
 
 2. Reciprocal rights and duties of. See Adjoining 
 
 Land Owners. 
 
 LAND PROPERTY. 
 
 Meaning of in will, 6 H. 23. 
 
 LANDS IN PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 1. Origin of title to, 8 Wr. 492 ; 11 Wr. 393. See Im- 
 
 provement; Land Warrant; Lottery; Application. 
 
 2. Location of. See Survey. 
 
 3. Abandonment of. See Abandonment. 
 
 4. Possession of. ~See Adverse Possession; Limitation; 
 
 Possession. 
 
 LAND WARRANT. 
 
 1. Application for, 3 Y. 399 ; 1 B. 227 ; 12 S. & R. 116 ; 
 
 1 H. 356, 459. 
 
 2. Form of under act op 1792, 4 D. 237, 398, 400 ; 3 Y. 
 
 628; 4 Y. 215, 662. 
 
LAND WARRANT. 475 
 
 LAND WARUAT^T— continued. 
 
 3. Validity of under Act of 1781-1782, 3 W. & S. 486. 
 
 4. Proof of existence of, 3 Barr 408. 
 
 5. Preference among applicants for, 10 H. 398. 
 
 6. Proof of ownership of, 1 Y. 166 ; 2 Y. 119 ; 2 B. 55, 
 
 468 ; 1 S. & R. 117 ; 6 S. & R. 90 ; 1 W. 70 ; 8 W. 110 ; 
 9 W. 544 ; 4 W. & S. 171 ; 7 W. & S. 216 ; 3 0. 16 ; 7 
 C. 420; 8 S. 266. 
 
 7. When taken out by settler, 1 H. 356. 
 
 8. May be applied to previous survey, 1 B. 227. 
 
 9. Payment on, 2 Y. 148 ; 4 Y. 215 ; 3 B. 114 ; 5 B. 142, 
 
 152 ; 5 S. & R. 215, 267 ; 1 W. 138 ; 9 C. 455. 
 
 10. When in name of two or more, 5 B. 119. 
 
 11. Effect of irregularity in, 4 D. 210 ; 4 Y. 215, 562 ; 
 
 3B. 20; 2 W. 73. 
 
 12. Power of surveyor to correct, 7 Wr. 197. 
 
 13. When void or voidable, 2 W. 272 ; 7 W. 240 ; 5 W. 
 
 & S. 284. 
 
 14. When exhausted, 7 Wr. 197. 
 
 15. Estate created by, 4 D. 122, 409; 2 Y. 88, 169, 215; 
 
 4 Y. 215, 266 ; 1 B. 146 : 2 B. 55, 119, 154, 270, 454, 
 455, 520 ; 4 B. 51, 73, 145, 213 ; 1 S. & R. 203 ; 3 S. 
 & R. 334; 6 S. & R. 118 ; 14 S. & R. 372 ; 1 P. & W. 
 454 ; 3 W. & S. 486 ; 9 W. & S. 197 ; 1 Barr 295 ; 4 
 Barr 256 ; 6 Barr 271 ; 7 Barr 75, 85, 86 ; 1 C. 49 ; 7 C. 
 355; 10 0. 201; 6 Wr. 268; 6 S. 69. 
 
 16. When title vests under, 7 S. & R. 185 ; 10 S. & R. 
 
 293 ; 1 P. & W. 7 ; 1 W. 70. 
 
 17. To whom to be directed, 3 Y. 399. 
 
 18. Effect of against improvement right, 4 Y. 300 ; 10 S. 
 
 & R. 243 ; 6 Barr 271 ; 7 Barr 114 ; 1 H. 356 ; 10 Wr. 67. 
 
 19. When conflicting, 3 Y. 59, 67, 104; 4 Y. 122, 218 ; 8 
 
 B. 14 ; 4 B. 73 ; 5 B. 211 ; 1 W. 73 ; 4 Barr 256 ; 1 H. 
 356 ; 6 H. 377 ; 7 C. 355 ; 10 C. 201 ; 10 Wr. 67 ; 6 S. 
 69. 
 
 20. Duty op holder of, 4 D. 122, 200, 209, 218; 1 Y. 164, 
 
 285, 287, 293; 2 Y. 81, 88, 119, 244; 3 Y. 583, 586; 
 4 Y. 107, 109, 262 ; 1 B. 227 ; 3 B. 14, 114 ; 4 B. 334 ; 
 4 S. & R. 348; 1 W. 121 ; 5 W. 209 ; 1 Barr 463 ; 4 
 Barr 216; 6 Barr 271; 6 H. 131, 377 ; 6 Wr. 268. 
 
 21. What will excuse survey, 1 D. 170, 209 ; 2 Y. 215 ; 
 
 3 Y. 580: IB. 166; 2 B. 270. 
 
476 LAND WARKANT— LAKCENY. 
 
 LAND WARRANT— conimwe^. 
 
 22. Rb-survey when valid, 7 Wr. 197. 
 
 23. What will excuse residence, 1 D. 170, 209 ; 2 Y. 450; 
 
 8 Y. 273, 574, 580; 4 Y. 569; 1 B. 166, 221, 231; 1 
 W. 70; 10 H. 340. 
 
 24. Effect op neglect to execute, 1 P. & W. 74, 454; 2 
 
 P. & W. 384; 4 W. 138, 139; 5 W. 173, 209; 1 W. 
 & S. 166; 6Barr21; 1 H. 465. 
 
 25. By whom to be executed, 3 Y. 401. 
 
 26. Return to survey under. See Survey. 
 
 27. Transfer of, 2 Y. 122; 3 Y. 269; 2 B. 55, 468; 4 B. 
 
 140; 4 Ban- 393. 
 By sheriff's sale, 7 Wr. 445. 
 
 28. Forfeiture of, 2 Y. 81; 4 Y. 104, 280; 2 B. 65; 5 B. 
 
 142; 8S. &R. 181; 1 W. 70; 4 W. 138 ; 5 W. 173, 
 209 ; 10 W. 367 ; 1 W. & S. 166 ; 6 Barr 21. 
 
 29. Effect of Statute of Limitations on, 1 Y'. 293; 3 Y. 
 
 23, 403 ; 4 S. & R. 302; 6 S. & R. 118. 
 
 30. Admissibility of in evidence, 1 D. 5, 6 ; 1 Y. 162; 3 
 
 Y. 290, 395, 399 ; 4 Y. 215 ; 4 B. 213 ; 3 S. & R. 325 ; 
 2 J. 178. 
 
 31. Presumption in favor of against settler, 10 Wr. 67. 
 
 32. Descriptive warrant. See Descriptive Warrant. 
 
 33. Indescriptivb warrant. See Indescriptive Warrant. 
 ,34. Shifted warrant. See Shifted Warrant. 
 
 35. Vacating warrant. See Vacating Warrant. 
 
 36. Location of land under. 
 
 When a question of fact, 9 Wr. 495 ; 4 S. 196. 
 
 By calls in -narrant. 2 Barr 244; 10 C. 198; 4 Wr. 160, 
 
 260; 6Wr. 268; 9Wr. 495; 12Wr. 38; 4S.196; 
 
 18 S. 392. See Survey; Adjoiners. 
 
 LAPSED LEGACY. See Legacy. 
 
 LAPSE OF TIME. See Statute of Limitations. 
 
 LARCENY. 
 
 1. What subject of. 
 
 Promissory notes, 4 Y. 69, 73. 
 
 County orders, 1 Barr 154. 
 
 Bank notes, 4 R. 464. 
 
 Bees, 3 B. 506. 
 
 Goods in other states, 1 B. 617. 
 
 In case of bailment, 2 S. 424. 
 
LARCENY— LAWFUL HEIES, &o. 477 
 
 LARCENY — continued. 
 
 2. Form of indictment foe, 1 B. 201, 273 ; 3 B. 533 ; 4 S. 
 
 &R. 194; 4 R. 464. 
 
 3. Evidence on trial of, 1 B. 273. 
 
 4. Punishment of, 1 B. 273 ; 15 S. & R. 74. 
 
 5. Constructive, defined, 15 S. & R. 93. 
 
 6. Indictment for no bar to civil suit, 5 Wr. 42. 
 
 LATERAL RAILROADS. 
 
 1. Acts authorizing, construed, 10 W. 63; 3 Barr 331; 8 
 
 Barr 134; 8 C. 169 ; 7 Wr. 495 ; 3 S. 261 ; 6 S. 305 ; 
 10 S. 30. 
 
 2. Necessity for, a question foe the court, 4 Wr. 377. 
 4. Power of courts and juries, relative to, 3 Barr 331 ; 
 
 8 C. 169; 3 S. 387. 
 
 4. Conveesion of private eoad into, 9 S. 358. 
 
 5. Peoceedings under the Acts of Assembly. 
 
 Petition for, 3 Barr 331 ; 4 Wr. 377 ; 3 S. 387 ; 5 S. 17. 
 
 Amendment of, 4 Wr. 377. 
 
 Appointment of viewers, 8 C. 169. 
 
 Measure of damages, 3 Barr 331 ; 8 C. 169, 174 ; 7 Wr. 
 
 495; 5 S. 17. 
 Exceptions to report, 8 C. 169 ; 6 S. 238. 
 Appeal from report, 8 C. 169 ; 1 Wr. 383 ; 4 Wr. 373, 
 
 377; 7 Wr. 495; 6 S. 238. 
 Right and power of land owners relative to, 3 S. 
 
 261; 10 S. 33. 
 Review of in couet of errok, 1 Wr. 333 ; 6 S. 238. 
 
 LAW AND EQUITY. 
 
 Convertible tei;ms, 15 S. & R. 125. 
 
 LAW AND FACT. 
 
 Right of juries as to. 8ee Jury. 
 
 LAW BOOKS. 
 
 When sent out with jury. See Books and Papers ; Jury. 
 
 LAWFUL DEED. 
 
 Definition of, 2 S. & R. 498; 7 S. 266. 
 
 LAWFUL HEIRS OF THE BODY. 
 Meaning of in grant, 2 Y. 80. 
 
 LAWFUL HEIRS, THEIR HEIRS AND ASSIGNS FOR- 
 EVER. 
 
 Effect of in will, 11 S. 73. 
 
478 LAWFUL ISSUE— LEASE. 
 
 LAWFUL ISSUE. See Issue ; Will. 
 
 Devise to of first taker, 4 Wr. 29 ; 14 Wr. 128, 143 ; 13 S. 
 481. 
 
 LAWFUL MONEY. 
 
 What is, 1 Y. 849 ; 3 Y. 321 ; 1 S. 425, 429 ; 2 S. 9, 109 ; 4 
 S. 71; 6 a. 115; 9 S. 313, 382. 
 
 LAWFUL TITLE. 
 
 Definition of, 2 S. & R. 498. 
 
 LAW JUDGES. See Judges. 
 
 LAW MERCHANT. 
 
 To be construed liberally, 1 D. 17. 
 
 LAW OF NATIONS. 
 
 Binding effect of, 1 D. 114. 
 
 Protection of ambassadors under, 1 D. 116. 
 
 Proof of, 2 D. 22. , 
 
 LAW OF NATURE. 
 
 Part of municipal law, 1 D. 114. 
 
 LAW OF THE LAND. 
 
 Meaning of, 9 C. 495 ; 15 S. 399 ; 17 S. 479. 
 
 LAW OF THE STATE. 
 
 Admissibility of in evidence, 4 D. 27. 
 
 LAWS, EX POST FACTO. 
 
 What are, 3 D. 380, 390, 391, 401 ; 9 C. 495. 
 
 LAYMAN AND UNLETTERED. 
 Plea of, 2 B. 154. 
 
 LAZARETTO PHYSICIAN. 
 Removal of, 3 S. & R. 146. 
 
 LEADING QUESTIONS. 
 
 1. What are, 7 S. & R. 166 ; 11 H. 143, 440. 
 
 2. Admissibility of. See Deposition ; Witnesses. 
 
 LEASE. 
 
 1. As TO FORM OE, 5 B. 228; 6 W. 362; 8 Barr 272; 9 Barr 
 
 220; 11 H. 199; 1 Wr. 187; 6 S. 172. 
 
 2. When an entire contract, 5 Barr 422. 
 
 3. For specific period, 1 B. 335; 2 S. & R. 50; 8 S. & R. 
 
 459 ; 7 H. 434. 
 
LEASE. 479 
 
 LEASE — continued. 
 
 4. By paeol, 6 Barr 480. 
 
 5. For " one or more years," 5 B. 228. 
 
 6. Waiver of notice to quit in, 1 -J. 472. 
 
 7. To commence in future, 5 S. & R. 421. 
 
 8. Perpetual, 8 C. 367. 
 
 9. Waiver oe exemption in. See Exemption. 
 
 10. Correction of, by parol, 6 Wh. 303 ; 8 W. & S. 91 ; 7 
 
 H. 235 ; 9 H. 455 ; 17 S. 459, 460. 
 
 11. As to parties. 
 
 Agents, 10 S. & R. 251. 
 
 Feme covert, 6 B. 427; 15 S. 65, 71. 
 
 Sheriff's vendee, 1 P. & W. 402 ; 4 W. & S. 585. 
 
 12. Delivery of, 9 S. 184. 
 
 13. What implied in acceptance of, 19 S. 81. 
 
 14. Proof of, 10 S. & R. 251; 12 H. 224; 6 Barr 479; 9 S. 
 
 184. 
 
 15. Recording of, 6 H. 60. 
 
 16. Forfeiture of, 8 W. 51; 7 W. & S. 41: 1 Wr. 525; 2 
 
 Wr. 346 ; 1 S. 232 ; 16 S. 307, 308. 
 
 17. Transfer of, 2 P. & W. 23; 1 W. 123; 3 W..& S. 531; 
 
 4 W. & S. 188, 255 ; 8 W. & S. 244 ; 9 W. & S. 193 ; 2 
 H. 99, 112; 6 H. 60; 1 C. 369; 6 C. 205, 274; 2 Gr. 
 162; 20 S. 64. 
 
 18. Right of purchaser of. See Assignee 18. 
 
 19. Rescission of, 7 W. 123; 1 Barr 54 ; 3 Barr 444; 5 Barr 
 
 422, 424; 1 C. 481. 
 
 20. Surrender of, 7 S. & R. 372; 7 W. 123; 2 W. & S. 
 
 240 ; 5 Barr 422 ; 9 Barr 221 ; 2 Wr. 63 ; 18 S. 75. 
 
 21. Confirmation of, 12 H. 224. 
 
 22. Disaffirmance of by sheriff's vendee, 1 P. & W. 402 ; 
 
 4 W. & S. 535. 
 
 23. Expiration of, 12 H. 272; 2 Gr. 446. 
 
 24. Construction of. 
 
 As to extent, 2 S. & R. 480; 4 S. & R. 456; 8 S. & R. 
 
 470; 4 R. 123; 4 Wh. 226; 2 W. & S. 22; 8 C. 
 
 367. 
 For manufacturing salt, 5 Wr. 357. 
 For mining coal, 4 C. 304 ; 8 C. 267 ; 7 Wr. 404 ; 8 Wr. 
 
 264; 11 Wr. 452; 1 S. 232; 3 S. 206. 
 Where tenant holds over, 1 B. 333; 5 S. & R. 174 ; 13 
 
 S. & R. 63; 4 R. 123: 4 Wh. 229; 2 Barr 144; 8 
 
 S. 305; 7 H. 435; 7 S. 185. 
 
480 LEASE— LEGACY. 
 
 LEASE — continued. 
 
 Where two or more are dependent on each other, 2 Gr. 
 406. 
 
 25. Validity of when subsequent to lien, 9 S. & R. 302. 
 
 26. As TO IMPLIED CONTRACT IN, 8 H. 482; 9 H. 455; 2 C, 
 
 117; 6 C. 293; 7 C. 292; 9 0. 452; 11 C. 287; 1 Gr. 
 307; 7 S. 271; 19 S. 316. 
 
 27. Does not protect against ouster by tort feasor, 7 S. 
 
 271. 
 
 28. As TO possession under, 9 H. 266. 
 
 29. As to quiet enjoyment, 4 Wh. 86; 8 W. & S. 342; 9 H. 
 
 455. 
 
 30. As to repairs, 1 D. 210, 211; 4 Wh. 226; 6 Barr 454. 
 
 31. as to usual incidents oe, 8 h. 60. 
 
 32. Power of administrator to surrender or destroy, 18 
 
 S. 75. 
 
 33. Sale of on execution, 4 W. & S. 255; 2H. 99; 6 H. 
 
 60; 6 C. 274; 2 Gr. 162. 
 
 34. Sale of by executor or administrator, 8 W. & S. 244. 
 
 35. Power of lessor to terminate, 6 C. 281. 
 
 36. Assignment of for creditors, 8 C. 458. 
 
 37. Covenant for quiet enjoyment, breach op, 4 Wh. 90; 
 
 2 J. 75; 8 H. 483; 9 0. 452; 1 Gr. 307; 7 S. 271. 
 Who entitled to on death of lessee, 18 S. 75. 
 
 LEASE, ENTRY AND OUSTER. 
 Practice as to confession of, 1 D. 126. 
 
 LEASEHOLD ESTATE. 
 
 1. Deed FOR, 2 H. 99. 
 
 2. Sale of under execution, 1 Y. 427; 3 B. 5 ; 2 Wh. 
 
 401; 3W. & S. 124; 2 H. 99. 
 
 3. Mortgage of under Act of April 27, 1855, 10 C. 149 ; 
 
 20 S. 490. 
 
 4. Subject to Mechanics' Lien Law. See Mechanics' 
 
 Lien. 
 
 "LEAVE TO BE DIVIDED." 
 In will, construed, 1 H. 259. 
 
 LEGACY. 
 
 1. Presumption as to, 6 Barr 13. 
 
 2. Absolute, 11 S. & R. 116 ; 1 W. 389 ; 5 W. 191; 8 W. 
 
 465; 3 H. 243, 268; 8 H. 268, 280, 299; 11 H. 388; 
 12 0. 120; 2 S. 258; 8 S. 429. 
 
LEGACY. 481 
 
 LEGACY — continued. 
 
 3. Alteknative, 5 Wr. 512. 
 
 4. Contingent, 4 R. 113 ; 8 W. 184 ; 9 W. 403, 407, 490 ; 
 
 1 H. 501 ; 7 H. 49, 56, 115 ; 11 H. 9 ; 12 H. 197 ; 10 
 C. 19; 1 Wr. 105; 2 Wr. 314; 4 Wr. 182; 9 Wr. 398; 
 10 Wr. 387 ; 2 S. 201 ; 10 S. 365 ; 11 S. 73 ; 12 S. 139 ; 
 13 S. 393; 17 S. 463. 
 
 5. Collateral, 1 Wh. 212. 
 
 6. Demonstrative, 10 Barr 387 ; IJ. 78 ; 2 H. 451 ; 4 H. 
 
 275:4 C. 363; 13 S. 312. 
 
 7. Joint, 2 Y. 527. 
 
 8. In remainder, 10 S. 365. 
 
 9. General, 2 D. 142 ; 3 Y. 486 ; 10 C. 291. 
 
 10. Specific, 2 D. 142 ; 3 Y. 486, 491 ; 13 S. & R. 348 ; 3 
 
 R. 229 ; 3 W. 335 ; 6 W. 473 ; 7 W. 510 ; 4 Barr 497 ; 
 5 Barr 351 ; 1 J. 76, 78; 1 H. 188; 2 H. 275, 451; 9 
 H. 301 ; 12 H. 20, 200 ; 4 C. 363 ; 10 Wr. 165 ; 13 S. 
 312. 
 
 11. Vested, 1 D. 8, 20, 175 ; 2 Y. 363 ; 3 Y. 294 ; 2 S. & R. 
 
 59 ; 6 S. & R. 29 ; 12 S. & R. 112 ; 4 R. 119, 440 ; 5 R. 
 115 ; 4 W. 130, 143 ;' 9 W. 403 ; 3 Wh. 305 ; 4 Wh. 428 ; 1 
 W. & S. 205, 207; 2 W. & S. 372; 5 W. & S. 517; 7 W. & 
 S. 279 ; 2 Barr 69 ; 6 Barr 49 ; 10 Barr 17, 161, 237 ; 
 3 H. 83 ; 12 H. 197 ; 6 C. 175; 9 C. 10, 19, 85 : 1 Wr. 
 105; 2 Wr. 314; 4 Wr. 182; 9 Wr. 398; 13 Wr. Ill; 
 9 S. 70 ; 11 S. 46, 51; 12 S. 139, 183; 13 S. 393; 15 
 S. 419; 17 S. 463; 19 S. 190; 20 S. 403. 
 
 12. In trust, 2 Barr 129; 10 Barr 220; 12 C. 329. See 
 
 Trusts, Testamentary. 
 
 13. Charged on real estate. See Devise, III. 2. 
 
 14. Effect op application op personal assets to legacy 
 
 charged on real estate, 2 y. 54, 68. 
 
 15. Effect of sheriff's sale on, lien op, 16 S. & R. 410; 
 
 IP. & W. 112 ; 4 W. 71;'7 C. 52. 
 
 16. Extinguishment of, 3 W. 335; 4 W. & S. 414; 4 C. 
 
 363. 
 
 17. Lapsing of, 2 Y. 525, 584 ; 1 B. 115 ; 8 S. & R. 71; 10 
 
 S. & R. 351; 17 S. & R. 118; 6 R. 115; 2 Wh. 45; 3 
 Wh. 480 ; 1 W. & S. 205 ; 2 W. & S. 450 ; 3 H. 471 ; 4 
 Wr. Ill ; 20 S. 400. 
 
 18. Acceptance of, 6 W. 48, 67, 107 ; 1 W. & S. 160 ; 1 J. 
 
 72 ; 2 J. 38; 5 Barr 355; 10 H. 288; 1 C. 46, 468 ; 11 
 
 Wr. 378 ; 12 Wr. 46. 
 
 31 
 
482 LEGACY 
 
 LEGACY— continued. 
 
 19. Forfeiture of, 1 Y. 41 ; 7 "W. & S. 407; 7 Barr 78. 
 
 20. Attachment of, 2 Y. 192 ; 2 R. 227 ; 3 W. 90; 1 Wh. 
 
 179; 2 Wh. 232, 417; 1 J. 361; 11 C. 333; 3 H. 103; 
 2 Wr. 93 ; 6 Wr. 25 ; 8 S. 433. 
 
 21. Assignment of, 2 D. 49 ; 3 Y. 9 ; 7 W. 79 ; 11 S. 46 ; 13 
 
 S. 284. 
 
 22. Ademption of, 2 D. 243 ; 3 W. 338 ; 4 W. 212 ; 9 Barr 
 
 374; 2H. 451; 3 H. 212; 4 H. 275; 9 H. 301; 3 C. 
 58 ; 20 S. 400. 
 
 23. Revocation of, 2 Barr 388. 
 
 24. Abatement of, 3 P. & W. 382 ; 6 W. 473 ; 9 W. 263 ;^1 
 
 Wh. 212: 10 Barr 387 ; 11 H. 223; 7 C. 47 ; 8 S. 393; 
 13 S. 312; 15 S. 317. 
 
 25. Release of, 4 R. 440; 6 Barr 45. 
 
 26. Suspension of, 6 B. 405 ; 5 0. 495. 
 
 27. Debt of legatee, set-off against, in equity, 5 R. 213 ; 
 
 9 W. 352 ; 5 W. & S. 340; 6 Barr 455 ; 5 C. 208 ; 11 
 C. 333; 6 Wr. 345; 13 S. 284. 
 
 28. Interest on. See Interest. 
 
 29. Construction of. See Wills. 
 
 30. Payment of. 
 
 In what kind, 9 S. 313. 
 
 Out of what fund, 2 Y. 65; 9 S. & R. 424; 1 R. 294 ; 7 
 
 Barr 246; 7 C. 57, 653; 12 Wr. 26; 3 Gr. 143. 
 Presumption as to, 2 Y. 268, 273; 13 S. & R. 386; 2 
 
 W. 209; 11 H. 351; 2 Gr. 303. 
 Sale of land by executors to pay, 5 Barr 240 ; 2 H. 387 ; 
 
 3 0. 58; 9 C. 47; 12 C. 11 ; 3 S. 505. 
 Proof of, 8 S. & R. 268. 
 When payable, 3 B. 472 ; 12 S. & R. 317 ; 13 S. & R. 
 
 439; 1 W. 372; 9 W. 135; 1 Barr 164; 11 H. 
 
 152; 9 C. 85; 10 C. 19 ; 3 Gr. 141, 169; 3 S. 
 
 108; 12 S. 139. 
 To whom, 2 D. 72; 8 S. & R. 43. 
 Where enforced, 6 Barr 37; 2 J. 298 > 3 C. 58; 13 Wr. 
 
 223. 
 How payable, 7 S. & R. 7 ; 10 Wr. 342. 
 When hastened by death of legatee, 1 W. 370. 
 Enforcement of in Orphans' Court, who to be parties to, 
 
 9 S. 313; 20 S. 403. 
 When security for repayment is necessary, 9 S. & R. 409 ; 
 
 6 Wr. 25; 2 Gr. 320. 
 Interest on, 5 B. 472, 477; 9 S. & R. 409; 2 R. 305; 4 
 
LEGACY— LEGAL PAETY TO ACTION. 483 
 
 LEGACY — continued. 
 
 E. 113, 119; 6 W. 67; 9 W. 135, 478; 5 W. & S. 
 30; 2 Barr 221, 388; 7 H. 49 ; 11 H. 114, 152, 
 154; 10 C. 19; 7 Wr. 83; 8 Wr. 140; 12 Wr. 46, 
 60, 80; 3 G-r. 141, 169; 12 S. 139, 187; 13 S. 
 332; 20 S. 403. 
 
 31. Jurisdiction of Orphans' Court to enforce. See Or- 
 
 phans' Court. 
 
 32. Action to recover, 2 Y. 268 ; 5 B. 33 ; 4 S. & R. 213, 
 
 509; 10 S. &R. 208: 13 S. & R. 436; 16 S. & R. 432 ; 
 1 R. 294; 2 R. 52, 185, 287; 5 R. 99; 1 P. & W. 96, 
 112, 113; 2 P. & W. 307; 3 P. & W. 333; 5 W. 225; 
 6 W. 238, 473; 8 W. 64 ; 3 W. & S. 216, 593; 10 C. 
 354; 10 Wr. 223; 13 S. 393; 16 S. 400; 17 S. 34; 19 
 S. 173. 
 
 33. Plea of Statute of Limitations in. See Limitation. 
 
 34. Refunding bond, when necessary in, 17 S. & R. 293 ; 2 
 
 R. 52, 185; 5 W. 108: 6 W. 382; 8 W. 64, 483; 1 Barr 
 86, 373; 9 Barr 302; 2 Wr. 112. 
 
 35. Set-off in, 5 R. 213; 9 W. 352 ; 5 W. & S. 340 ; 6 Barr 
 
 37; 7 Barr 455; 5 C. 208; 11 C. 333; 6 Wr. 345; 13 
 S. 284. 
 
 36. Expense of collecting, 5 Wr. 94. 
 
 LEGAL ESTATE. 
 
 1. Right of owner of to sue for injury to, 5 Barr 118, 
 
 121. 
 
 2. Conveyance of, enforced in equity. See Cestui Que 
 
 Trust, L 1. 
 
 LEGAL FRAUD. See Fraud. 
 
 LEGAL HEIR. 
 
 Use of in will, 12 H. 168; 5 Wr. 288; 7 Wr. 187; 9 Wr. 
 
 201; 10 Wr. 200; 13 Wr. 333; 14 Wr. 128, 311, 315, 
 
 535 ; 1 Gr. 36. 
 "LEGAL ISSUE." 
 
 Use of in will, 2 Y. 400, 441 ; 3 S. & R. 470 ; 17 S. & R. 
 
 441 ; 6 W. 18 ; 7 W. & S. 96, 284; 9 Barr 130 ; 12 H. 
 
 168 ; 7 Wr. 187. 
 
 LEGAL PARTY TO ACTION. 
 
 I. Suit must be in name of, 6 S. & R. 44 ; 2 R. 67 ; 5 
 
 Barr 520 ; 1 H. 614 ; 4 Wr. 449 ; 7 Wr. 430 ; 12 Wr. 161. 
 
 II. Transfer by not to be controverted by dependant, 
 
 6 H. 87, 346 ; 6 W. 238, 309. 
 
484 LEGAL PARTY TO ACTION, &c. 
 
 LEGAL PAETY TO ACTION— continued. 
 
 III. May testify for use party, 2 D. 172. 
 
 IV. Powers of. 
 
 To continue, case, 1 D. 72, 140. 
 To sue out execution, 2 D. 265. 
 
 V. Duty of. 
 
 To allow name for suit by use party, 4 Y. 170; 4 Wr. 
 448 ; 7 Wr. 439 ; 12 Wr. 161. 
 
 VI. Liability. 
 
 1. For costs, 3 0. 202. 
 
 2. To use party, 6 H. 346. 
 
 LEGAL PRESUMPTION. See Omnia presumuntur rite 
 
 ESSE ACTA. 
 
 1. Basis of, 1 W. 507 ; 4 W. & S. 102 ; 11 C. 446 ; 12 Wr. 
 
 440; 8 S. 135. 
 
 2. As TO JUDICIAL PROCEEDING, 3 S. & R. 490 ; 10 S. & R. 
 
 69, 390 ; 13 S. & R. 9, 124 ; 14 S. & R. 19, 20, 220 ; 17 
 S. & R. 53, 351 ; 1 R. 385 ; 3 P. & W. 117 ; 2 W. 390, 
 393; 4 W. 43; 5 W. 305, 307, 418; 6 W. 373; 9 W. 
 248; 2 W. & S. 308; 10 Barr 42 ; 10 H. 163; 12 H. 
 19.3, 289; 1 C. 9, 231; 4 C. 126; 5 C. 522 ; 1 Wr. 108; 
 2 Wr. 214; 4 Wr. 385; 5 Wr. 195; 7 Wr. 278; 8 Wr. 
 131; 13 Wr. 343; 14 Wr. 17. 
 
 3. As TO PROPER EXECUTION OF TRUST, 1 R. 163. 
 
 4. As TO OFFICIAL ACTS, 1 R. 163 ; 3 Barr 474 ; 10 Wr. 67. 
 
 5. As TO KNOWLEDGE OF CONTENTS OF PAPER EXECUTED, 2 H. 
 
 489. 
 
 6. As TO AUTHENTICITY OF TOWN PLOT, 1 J. 434 ; 4 H. 79; 4 
 
 Wr. 506. 
 
 7. As TO parties' ADHERENCE TO PRIVATE INTEREST, 4 Y. 
 
 479. 
 
 8. As TO RECORDS, 8 Wr. 131. 
 
 9. As TO OBEDIENCE TO LAW, 5 Wr. 470. 
 
 10. As TO LEGiTAMACY, 1 P. & W. 450 ; 5 C. 420; 2 Wr. 439; 
 
 1 Gr. 377. 
 
 11. As TO CONVEYANCE OF TITLE, 1 Y. 686; 2 Y. 73; 2 B. 
 
 468; 6B. 114; 1 W. & S. 324; 4 W. & S. 297; 5 W. 
 & S. 266; 7 W. & S. 215; 3 0. 337. 
 
 12. As TO PERFORMANCE OF CONDITION IN BOND, 3 C. 123. . 
 
 13. As TO GRANT, 3 S. & R. 509; 10 S. & R. 383; 3 P. & W. 
 
 428; 8 W. 51; 2 Wk 426; 10 Barr 126; 8 0. 434; 6 
 Wr. 102 ; 12 Wr. 36, 361. See Easement ; Grant. 
 
LEGAL PEP]SUMPTION. 4S5 
 
 LEGAL PB.ESJJMV'nO'N— continued. 
 
 14. From payment of purchase-money, 11 H. 421 ; 3 Wr. 
 
 463 ; 10 Wr. 83. See also, Resulting Trust. 
 
 15. In matters of account, 2 W. & S. 88 ; 3 "Wr. 869. 
 
 16. As to bona fide of transactions between husband 
 
 and wife, 11 "Wr. 220. 
 
 17. As TO GIFT BY WIFE TO HUSBAND, 9 "Wr. 530 ; 14 "Wr. 382. 
 
 18. As TO OWNERSHIP OF PERSONAL PROPERTY HELD BY HUS- 
 
 BAND AND WIFE. See Husband and "Wife 7. 
 
 19. As TO OUSTER, 3 W. 165 ; 10 W. 296 ; 10 "Wr. 365, 376 ; 
 
 13 Wr. 133. 
 
 20. As TO EXISTENCE OF SURPLUS BOND, ON SALE OF UNSEATED 
 
 LANDS, 6 W. 281; 12 H. 145; 11 C. 9; 10 Wr. 62; 5 
 
 S. 90. See "Unseated Land. 
 
 21. As TO INTEREST OP TENANT IN COMMON IN EQUITABLE 
 
 ESTATE, 3 Wr. 369. 
 
 22. From use of word "heir" in will, 5 Wr. 228. 
 
 23. From use of limitation in will, 14 Wr. 128. 
 
 24. As TO PAYMENT OF OrPHANS' CoURT RECOGNISANCE, 6 H. 
 
 190. 
 
 25. As TO DELIVERY OP LETTERS BY MAIL, 3 S. 289. 
 
 26. As TO INTESTACY, 1 W. 466. 
 
 27. Arising FROM ACCEPTANCE. »S'ee Acceptance. 
 
 28. Arising from acquiescence. See Estoppel. 
 
 29. As to negligence, 5 R. 189 ; 8 Barr 482 ; 7 H. 295 ; 6 
 
 C. 234; 2 Wr. 439; IS. 313; 5 S. 53, 140; 7 S. 142; 
 
 14 S. 230; 17 S. 500. 
 
 30. As TO extinguishment op ground-rent, 1 Wh. 228. 
 
 31. As TO FAIRNESS OF PURCHASE AND SALE OF PROPERTY, 3 
 
 C. 137. 
 
 32. Of DEATH. See Death 1. 
 
 33. As TO DEATH WITHOUT ISSUE, 5 W. & S. 266. 
 
 34. As TO VALIDITY OP TITLE, 2 W. 272 ; 1 W. & S. 326 ; 7 
 
 W. & S. 216; 7 0. 172 ; 12 Wr. 187. 
 
 35. As TO LIABILITY ON NOTE FROM POSITION OF SIGNATURE, 
 
 3 Wr. 263. 
 
 36. Of PAYMENT. See Payment. 
 
 37. As TO SETTLEMENT OP ACCOUNT' BY EXECUTORS. See AC- 
 
 COUNT 5. 
 
 38. Rebuttal of presumption, 7 H. 490; 8 H. 177; 2 Wr. 
 
 264; 7 Wr. 107; 8 Wr. 399; 11 Wr.534; 12 Wr. 387; 
 13 Wr. 126, 163; 14 Wr. 456. 
 
486 LEGAL PEES UMPTION— LEGATEES. 
 
 LEGAL PRESUMPTION— con^mwecZ. 
 89. Binding effect of until disproved, 3 S. 289. 
 40. As TO EXECUTION OP DEED. See Deed, IV. 6. 
 
 LEGAL PROOF DEFINED, 6 W. 6T. 
 
 LEGAL REMEDIES. 
 
 1. Power of leoislature to provide, 2 W. 43€. 
 
 2. Controlled by the lex fori, 5 H. 95. 
 
 LEGAL REPRESENTATIVES. 
 
 Who are, 2 D. 205; 3 D. 201; 1 Y. 220; 2 Y. 578, 583, 
 585, 587, 588; 6 H. 369; 8 H. 349; 7 Wr. 187. 
 
 LEGAL TENDER NOTES. 
 
 Payment in, 1 S. 425; 2 S. 9, 109; 4 S. 71 ; 6 S. 115; 9 S. 
 313, 382. 
 
 LEGAL TITLE. 
 
 1. Right of holder on sale of equitable estate, 10 W. 
 
 434. See Trustee. 
 
 2. Conveyance of, 4 W. 477; 1 AVr. 31; 3 Wr. 828; 8 
 
 Wr. 279; 9 Wr. 216. See Deed. 
 
 3. How AFFECTED BY JUDGMENT AFTER AGREEMENT TO CON- 
 
 VEY, 2 S. & R. 11; 16 S. & R. 18. See Sale. 
 
 4. Estoppel of holder, 12 Wr. 147. See Estoppel. 
 
 5. Holder of, when a trustee for equitable owner, 1 
 
 Wr. 31 ; 8 Wr. 279. See Trustee. 
 
 "LEGATEE ABOVE NAMED." 
 Meaning of in will, 17 S. & R. 61. 
 
 LEGATEES. 
 I. Rights of. 
 
 1. Fixed at death of testator, 1 H. 518. 
 
 2. Nature of interest of, 1 C. 453. 
 
 3. To maintenance, out of legacy payable at full age, 
 
 7 H. 49 ; 10 H. 140. 
 
 4. To testify, 2 D. 70, 71, 95 ; 4 Y. 299 ; 1 R. 438 ; 1 
 
 E[. 108. 
 
 5. To impeach deed of testator, 4 Y. 299. 
 
 6. To credit, for debt of testxItor paid by, 7 W. 79 ; 9 
 
 W. 130. 
 
 7. To follow assets collusively parted with by ex- 
 
 ecutor, 11 S. & R. 377. 
 
 8. To elect to take land instead of money bequeathed, 
 
 3 C. 321. See Election 9. 
 
LEGATEES. 487 
 
 LEGATEES— continued. 
 
 9. To INTEREST ON LEGACY, 5 B. 472, 477 ; 9 S. & R. 409 ; 
 2 R. 305 ; 4 R. 113, 119 ; 6 W. 67 ; 9 W. 135, 473 ; 
 
 5 W. & S. 30 ; 2 Barr 221, 888 ; 7 H. 49 ; 11 H. 114 ; 
 152, 154; 10 C. 19; 7 Wr. 83 ; 8 Wr. 140; 12 Wr. 
 46, 60, 80; 3 Gr. 141, 169; 12 S. 139, 187; 13 S. 
 332 ; 20 S. 403. 
 
 10. Over will of testator, 8 AVr. 195. 
 
 11. To COMPEL EXECUTOR TO EXECUTE POWER TO SELL, 2 J. 
 
 67 ; 10 H. 141. 
 
 12. To COMPEL EXECUTOR TO INVEST UNDER WILL, 5 W. & 
 
 S. 254. 
 
 13. Over executor of deceased executor, 4 C. 264. 
 
 14. To INCOME OF FUND IN HANDS OF EXECUTOR UNDER THE 
 
 WILL, 10 Barr 17 ; 2 J. 347. 
 
 15. To PERSONAL PROPERTY AFTER DEATH OF LEGATEE FOR 
 
 LIFE, 5 W. 265. ' 
 
 16. As AGAINST DEVISEE OF LAND CHARGED WITH LEGACY, 
 
 2 D. 131 ; 2 Y. 326 ; 3 Y. 294 ; 2 B. 525 ; 6 B. 395 ; 
 4 S. & R. 213, 509 ; 13 S. & R. 348 ; 16 S. & R. 410 ; 
 
 1 R. 389 ; 2 R. 305 ; 4 R. 440 ; 1 P. & W. 96 ; 2 P. 
 
 6 W. 279; 3 P. & W. 533; 6 W. 167; 8 W. 198; 9 
 W. 60 ; 3 W. & S. 370; 4 W. & S. 414; 7 W. & S. 
 407; 9 W. & S. 103; 5 Barr 351; 7 Barr 241, 246, 
 452; 8 Barr 290; 9 Barr 132; 10 Barr 387; IJ. 86; 
 
 2 J. 72, 256; 4 H. 327, 436; 10 H. 143; § C. 58; 7 
 C. 53; 9 C. 47; 10 C. 291; 11 C. 54, 339; 12 C. 11; 
 10 Wr. 165; 11 Wr. 437, 442; 12 Wr. 121; 13 Wr. 
 223; 9 S. 99, 313; 13 S. 332; 19 S. 173; 20 S. 400. 
 
 17. To RECOVER LEGACY BY ACTION. See LEGACY 32. 
 
 18. to pro rata distribution on sale of land charged 
 
 with legacy, 1 r. 299. 
 
 19. Effect of settlement op executor's account on, 7 
 
 S. & R. 7. 
 
 II. Liability of. 
 
 1. To GIVE SECURITY ON RECEIPT OF LEGACY, 17 S. & R. 
 
 293; 5 W. 108; 8 W. 64, 483; 6 Wh. 60; 1 Barr 86, 
 373; 9 Barr 302; 2 Wr. 112. See Legacy 30. 
 
 2. To ATTACHMENT. See ante, 20. 
 
 3. Where personal assets have been wasted by execu- 
 
 tor, 7 C. 53. 
 
 4. To CONTRIBUTION, 6 W. 85 ; 4 Barr 497; 10 Barr 387. 
 
488 LEGATEES— LEGISLATURE. 
 
 LEGAT'EBB— continued. 
 
 5. To JUDftMENT AFTER ELECTING LAND INSTEAD OF MONET, 
 
 3 C. 321. 
 
 6. For debt due testator, 7 W. 79; 9 W. 130. 
 
 7. For collusion with executor against other parties, 
 
 7. W. & S. 407. 
 
 8. On acceptance of legacy. See Legacy 18. 
 
 9. Unbr clause prohibiting contest as to will, 9 Wr. 
 
 228. 
 
 III. Identity op, 2 D. 70, 71 ; 7 Wr. 102. See Identity. 
 
 IV. Residuary. See Residuary. 
 
 V. Death op, 6 Wh. 99. 
 
 VI. Apportionment op dividend among, 6 Wr. 479. 
 
 LEGISLATION. 
 
 1. Retrospective, discussed. See Acts op Assembly 20. 
 
 2. Special, discussed. See Acts of Assembly 23. 
 
 3. By county commissioners, 5 Wr. 269. 
 
 Judicial, 1 J. 489; 9 C. 95; 3 Wr. 137; 7 Wr. 512. 
 See also. Acts op Assembly 13. 
 
 LEGISLATIVE CONSTRUCTION OF STATUTES. See 
 Acts op Assembly 14. 
 
 Journal when evidence, 2 C. 446. 
 
 LEGISLi^TURE. 
 
 1. General powers of, discussed, 2 D. 308 ; 3 D. 318, 388 ; 
 
 2 W. & S. 271 ; 4 W. & S. 218; 5 W. & S. 171, 488 ; 
 10 Barr 338; 2 J. 352; 3 H. 20, 44, 171 ; 4 H. 263 ; 7 
 H. 144; 2 0. 287, 446; 8 C. 37; 9 C. 497; 12 C. 29; 
 
 3 Gr. 243; 1 S. 96; 4 S. 304; 6 S. 46 ; 8 S. 47, 226, 
 320; 9 S. 109; 11 S. 321; 16 S. 164; 17 S. 153. 
 
 2. To divest estates, 5 W. & S. 171 ; 5 Barr 145 ; 9 Barr 
 
 108; 1 J. 494.; 11 H. 508; 17 S. 341. 
 
 3. To ORDER new trial, 2 W. & S. 271 ; 3 H. 18. 
 
 4. To CURB defects in legal PROCEEDINGS, 10 S. & R. 9 ; 
 
 17 S. & R. 64. 
 
 5. To CORRECT MISTAKE IN EXECUTION OP WILL, 17 S. 341. 
 
 6. To RELINQUISH POWER OF TAXATION, 7 H. 144; 6 C. 9. 
 
 7. To TRANSFER POWERS OP TO THE PEOPLE, 6 Barr 507 ; 8 
 
 Barr 391; 10 Barr 214; 6 S. 359. 
 
 8. To REPEAL CHARTER, 2 C. 287'; 8 S. 47, 48. 
 
 9. To FORFEIT CHARTER, 8 S. 47. 
 
LEGISLATURE— LEGITIMATE CHILDREN. 489 
 
 LEGISLATURE— cow^mwed 
 
 10. To WITHHOLD TRIAL BY JURY, 12 H. 131, 289; 5 Barr 
 
 208 ; 1 S. 296, 412; 6 S. 46 ; 8 S. 47. 
 
 11. To AUTHORIZE CORPORATION TO' EXECUTE AND DELIVER 
 
 MORTGAGE, 3 0. 31. 
 
 12. To AFFECT PROPERTY OF CORPORATION, 3 H. 44. 
 
 13. To EXPLAIN STATUTES See Acts of Assembly. 
 
 14. To LEGITIMATE CHILDREN, 3 Wr. 120. 
 
 1 15. To TRANSFER TITLE OP REAL ESTATE, 14 S. & R. 438 ; 1 
 
 W. & S. 171; 1 Barr 218; 2 Barr 277, 284, 293; 10 
 Barr 338; 3 H. 44; 4 11. 256, 264; 5 H. 434, 438; 7 
 C. 87; 8 C. 34; 9 C. 497; 4 S. 304. 
 
 16. To CONFIRM INVALID TITLE, 11 S. 321. 
 
 17. To MODIFY DUTIES OP CONSTITUTIONAL OFFICERS, 6 S. 436. 
 
 18. To CONVERT REAL INTO PERSONAL PROPERTY, 5 H. 434. 
 
 19. To GRANT DIVORCE, 4 S. 255, 265. 
 
 20. To VALIDATE INFORMAL DEED, 15 S. & R. 72 ; 16 S. & R. 
 
 35 ; 1 W. 330, 356 ; 1 Barr 222 ; 11 S. 321. 
 
 21. To VALIDATE TITLE MADE BY MARRIED WOMAN, 11 S. 321. 
 
 22. To PROVIDE AND FACILITATE LEGAL EBMBDIBS,'2 "W. 433; 
 
 7 W. 300; 5 Barr 145; 9 Barr 110. 
 
 23. To MODIFY LEGAL REMEDIES, 5 Barr 208 ; 12 H. 131, 289; 
 
 8 Wr. 179; 1 S. 96, 412; 6 S. 46. 
 
 24. Over office of judge, 12 S. 343. 
 
 25. As to general taxation. See Taxation. 
 
 26. As TO local taxation, 19 S. 352. 
 
 27. Over local accounting officers, 12 S. 422. 
 
 28. To establish criminal courts, 19 S. 9. 
 
 29. To impair obligation of contracts, 5 Wr. 441: 6 S. 46. 
 
 30. To AFFECT COURTS CREATED BY THE CONSTITUTION, 8 S. 226. 
 
 LEGITIMACY. 
 
 1. Presumption in favor of, 1 P. & W. 450 ; 5 0. 420 ; 2 
 
 Wr. 439 ; 1 Gr. 377. 
 
 2. Rebuttal op presumption, 1 Gr. 377. 
 
 3. Proof op, 2 Y. 291; 5 0. 420 ; 1 Gr. 377. 
 
 4. Not established by proceedings in partition, 2 Y. 294. 
 
 5. Effect of divorce op parents. See Divorce. 
 
 6. Established by Act of Assembly, 3 Wr. 170. 
 
 LEGITIMATE CHILDREN. 
 Who are, 1 Y. 377. 
 
490 LEHIGH COAL AND NAVIGATION CO., &c. 
 
 LEHIGH COAL AND NAVIGATION COMPANY. 
 1. Liability of. 
 
 For injury committed in construction of works, 4 R. 9, 
 
 130. 
 To bondholders, 11 Wr. 76 ; 13 Wr. 261, 270. 
 To scripholders, 13 Wr. 270. 
 
 LESSEE. See Tenant for Yeaks. 
 
 LETTER CARRIER. 
 
 Proof of delivery of notice of protest by, 9 S. 79. 
 
 LETTER OF CREDIT. 
 
 1. Tender of, 1 D. 409. 
 
 2. Acceptance of, 4 D. 134 ; 9 Barr 320. 
 
 3. Transfer of, 16 S. & R. 212. 
 
 4. Construction of. 
 
 As to binding effect of, 4 D. 133 ; 16 S. & R. 212 ; 2 W. 
 
 & S. 237 ; 9 Barr 320. 
 As to limit, 2 W. & S. 237. 
 As to continuance, 4 D. 134. 
 
 5. Action on, 16 S. & R. 212. 
 
 LETTERS OF MARQUE. 
 
 Responsibility of owner of, 1 D. 95. 
 
 LETTERS. 
 
 1. Admissibility of in evidence, 1 D. 12, 65 ; 2D. 57, 
 
 357; 3 D. 39, 42; 2 Y. 133, 200; 3 Y. 23, 171, 195, 
 375, 377, 529 ; 4 Y. 533 ; 2 B. 105 ; 1 S. & R. 128 ; 3 
 S. & R. 300; 6 S. & R. 300, 420; 7 S. & R. 150; 10 
 S. & R. 194; 17 S. & R. 445; 1 P. & W. 140 ; 1 \Y. k 
 S. 89; 4 W. & S. 393; 4 Barr 129; 7 Barr 27; 10 
 Barr 164, 370; 1 H. 641; 3 H. 242; 5 H. 389; 10 
 H. 368; 7 Wr. 191; 5 S. 263. 
 
 2. Post mark what evidence of, 2 D. 388. 
 
 3. Explanation of by parol, 3 D. 425. 
 
 4. Not valid as a last will, 3 Y. 324. 
 
 5. Validity of as a contract, 3 Y. 324. 
 
 6. Admissibility of contents of in evidence, 7 Wr. 191. 
 
 7. Presumption as to delivery of, 8 W. & S. 15, 138; 3 
 
 S. 289; 19 S. 156. 
 
 8. Transmission of money in, 19 S. 156. 
 
 LETTERS OF ADMINISTRATION. See Administration. 
 
LETTERS OF ATTORNEY— LIBEL. 491 
 
 LETTERS OF ATTORNEY. . 
 
 1. Validity of when in blank, 14 Wr. 67. 
 
 2. Revocation of, 3 S. 212, 266. 
 
 LETTERS TESTAMENTARY. Se& Administkation. 
 
 LEVARI FACIAS. 
 
 L When proper, 9 W. & S. 204; 10 Barr 491; 11 11. 39; 
 4 Wr. 427. 
 
 2. Alias writ when proper, 9 S. & R. 277. 
 
 3. When void, 7 H. 77. 
 
 4. Exemption from, 5 C. 362. 
 
 5. Validity of in irregular judgment, 7 H. 77. 
 
 6. Setting aside op, 4 Y. 202 ; 2 S. & R. 426. 
 
 7. Amendment of, 9 S. & R. 277. 
 
 8. Sale on. 
 
 Title of purchaser. See Sheriff's Vendee. 
 Plaintiff may become purchaser, 10 S. & R. 261. 
 Disposition of proceeds of. See Sheriff's Sale. 
 Effect of sale on growing crops. See Crops ; Sheriff's 
 Sale. 
 
 LEVY. See Fieri Facias. 
 
 LEVYING- WAR. 
 
 What constitutes, 2 D. 348. 
 
 LEX FORI. 
 
 Legal remedies controlled by, 5 H. 95. 
 
 LEX LOCI CONTRACTUS. 
 
 Application of rule relative to, 3 D. 370; 4 D. 61, 327, 419; 
 4y.420; 6B. 359; 15 S. & R. 84; 16 S. & R. 126; 6 
 W. 278; 6 Wh. 331; 1 Barr 381; 5 H. 95; 5 0. 288. 
 
 LIABILITY. 
 
 1. Presumption of. 
 
 From position of signature on note, 3 Wr. 263. 
 
 2. Rebutted by relationship of parties, 2 Wr. 464; 7 
 
 Wr. 107; 8 Wr. 399; 11 Wr. 834; 12 Wr. 387; 13 Wr. 
 126, 163,' 14 Wr. 456. See Assumption. 
 
 LIBEL. 
 
 I. For prize money. See Prize Money. 
 
 II. For divorce. See Divorce. 
 
 III. Of character. 
 
 1. Distinguished from slander, 3 Y. 519; 18 S. 253. 
 
492 LIBEL— LIBEEUM TENEMENTUM. 
 
 LIBEL — continued. 
 
 2. What words are libellous, 3 Y. 438, 520 ; 4 Y. 267 ; 
 
 5 B. 340; 2 S. & R. 23; 4 W. 392; 3 Wh. 157; 13 S. 
 253. 
 
 3. Publication of, 3 Y. 128, 131; 5 B. 340; 3 W. 321. 
 
 4. When excusable, 4 Y. 267; 4 S. & R. 419; 3 Wh. 
 
 157; 2H. 365. 
 
 5. When a question oe law, 13 S. 253. 
 
 6. Indictment for, 10 S. & R. 173; 17 S. 203. 
 
 7. Office of innuendo and colloquium in, 2 D. 58; 3B. 
 
 515; 2 W. 17, 352; 4 W. 392; 11 H. 82; 17 S. 203. 
 
 8. Power of juries on, 4 S. & R. 127; 17 S. 203. 
 
 9. Action for. 
 
 Declaration, 4 W. 392; 13 S. 253. 
 
 Evidence in, 2 S. & R. 23, 507; 4 S. & R. 420; 6 S. & 
 
 R. 278; 4 W. 347; 5 W. 32; 3 Wh. 157. 
 Justification of, 3 Y. 518; 4 Y. 267; 4 S. & R. 420; 4 
 
 W. 347; 13 S. 253. 
 Damages in, 3 Y. 518. 
 Verdict in, 2 B. 514. 
 
 LIBERARI FACIAS. 
 
 1. When unnecessary, 6 S. & R. 173. 
 
 2. Duty of plaintiff in, 1 S. & R. 320. 
 
 3. Right of plaintiff under, 2 R. 78; 8 W. 818. 
 
 4. Execution of writ, 3 P. & W. 13. 
 
 5. Power of inquest on, 1 P. & W. 495. 
 
 6. Jury fees in, 1 S. & R. 320. 
 
 7. Sheriff's poundage on, 1 S. & R. 320. 
 
 8. Commissions on rents in, disallowed, 1 J. 415. 
 
 9. Return to, 10 Barr, 143. 
 
 10. Effect of on titles, 9 S. & R. 87. 
 
 11. Liability op plaintiff for profits, 1 S. & R. 319. 
 
 LIBERTY OF SPEECH. 
 On trial cause, 4 Y. 322. 
 
 LIBERTY OF THE PRESS. See Contempt ; Libel. 
 
 LIBERTY POLES. 
 
 Erection of when treasonable, 1 Y. 177, 419. 
 
 LIBERUM TENEMENTUM. 
 
 1. Plea of, 4 W. 377 ; 5 Wh. 359. 
 
LIBERUM TENEMENTUM— LIEN. 493 
 
 LIBERUM TENEMENTUM— cowdmMfid 
 
 2. Evidence undee, 5 Wh. 359 ; 9 Wr. 121. 
 
 3. Verdict and judgment under plea of, 7 W. 367 ; 9 W. 
 
 341, 349 ; 7 C. 384 ; 12 C. 453. 
 
 LICENSE. 
 
 1. To OCCUPY REAL ESTATE,FOR SPECIAL PURPOSE, CONSTRUED, 
 
 1 J. 474; 1 H. 250; 2 H. 288; 4 Wr. 341; 3 S. 206, 
 229; 5 S. 164, 504; 9 S. 24, 275, 280. See also, Ease- 
 ment ; Mines. 
 
 2. To USE switch and siding ON railroad, construed, 1 
 
 S. 469. See Railroads. 
 
 3. To MANUFACTURE, CONSTRUED, 9 Barr 333. 
 
 4. To OBSTRUCT PRIVATE ALLEY, 3 S. 194. 
 
 5. To USE WATER-POWER. See Dam ; Water-power. 
 
 6. To CONNECT RAILROADS, 11 Wr. 329. See Railroads. 
 
 7. To ERECT dam, 4 W. 317 ; 5 W. 308. See Dams. 
 
 8. Effect op when executed, 5 S. 169; 9 S. 24. 
 
 9. Ratification of, 4 S. & R. 241; 14 S. & R. 267; 4 W. 
 
 317; 4 Barr 353; 9 S. 24. 
 
 10. Forfeiture of, 6 S. 164. 
 
 11. Revocation of, 4 S. & R. 241; 14 S. & R. 267; 4 W. 
 
 317; 5 W. 308; 9 W. & S. 9; 1 Barr 105; 4 Barr 353; 
 7 Barr 221; 2 J. 81 ; 7 H. 19; 7 C. 263; 9 C. 169, 
 175; 11 Wr. 329; 3 S. 194, 206; 5 S. 164. 
 
 12. Transfer of, 5 S. 164; 19 S. 456. 
 
 LIEN. 
 
 1. Of judgment. See Judgment. 
 
 2. Of mortgage. See Mortgage. 
 
 3. Of execution. See Execution. 
 
 4. Secret, not sustained, 2 Barr 253; 6 C. 378. 
 
 5. Notice of, 2 Wr. 9. See Judgment Index, &c. 
 
 6. Creation of by parol, 7 S. & R. 64; 16 S. & R. 413; 4 
 
 R. 449; 7 W. 144; 8 W. 50; 3 W. & S. 259; 6 W. & S. 
 280; 2 Barr 458. 
 
 7. Creation of by implication, 3 Barr 72; 12 Wr. 96; 2 
 
 S. 280. 
 
 8. What charges on land are, 13 Wr. 9, 353; 14 Wr. 518. 
 
 See Devise ; Legacy. 
 
 9. What interests are subject to. See Judgment, XX. 6. 
 
 10. On personal property, 9 W. 512 ; 7 W. & S. 466 ; 9 S. 
 469. See Fieri Facias. 
 
494 LIEN— LIFE ESTATE. 
 
 LIEN — continued. 
 
 11. On stock for debt of owner, 2 S. 280. See Banking- 
 
 Companies, 11. 14. 
 
 12. Of bailee, 7 W. & S. 460 ; 2 S. 522. See Bailee 4. 
 
 13. Release of. See Release. 
 
 14. Extinguishment op. See Extinguishment. 
 15.^Merger of. See Merger. 
 
 16. Forfeiture of. See Fieri Facias. 
 
 LIEN CREDITOR. See Judgment Creditor ; Mortgagee, 
 &c. 
 Contribution between. Act of Assembly relative to, construed, 
 
 15 S. 72. 
 
 LIEN RECORD. See Judgment Index. 
 
 LIFE ESTATE. 
 L In personal property, 1 Y. 235; 12 S. & R. 112; 15 S. 
 & R. 147, 148; 17 S. & R. 293, 295; 5 W. 191, 268; 
 1 W. & S. 205; 5 W. & S. 517; 8 Barr 375 ; 1 H. 256; 
 3H. 83; 11 H. 9; 12 H. 57, 174; 1 C. 249; 3 C. 116; 
 5 C. 314 ; 7 C. 94, 165 ; 11 C. 339 ; 4 Wr. 18 ; 8 Wr. 
 279; 13 Wr. Ill ; 1 Gr. 405; 2 S. 149, 268, 274; 3 S. 
 106; 10 S. 361; 11 S. 248; 19 S. 190. 
 II. In real property. 
 
 1. Creation of by deed, 2 B. 391 ; 1 S. & R. 374 ; 3 W. 
 
 6 S. 160; 4 W. & S. 17; 6 Wr. 374; 9 Wr. 216; 10 
 Wr. 25; 2 Gr. 249; 1 S. 125. 
 
 2. Creation op by will, 1 D. 137; 3 Y. 141, 147; 2 B. 
 
 13, 522; 3 B. 139, 476; 1 S. & R. 144; 3 S. & R. 
 435; 10 S. & R. 296; 14 S. & R. 41 ; 15 S. & R. 
 192 ; 1 R. 112 ; 2 R. 168 ; 5 R. 9 ; 2 P. & W. 349; 
 3 W. 240; 8 W. 498; 10 W. 325; 1 Wh. 237, 252; 
 2 Wh. 282; 2 W. & S. 418; 6 W. & S. 218 ; 7 W. & 
 S. 63; 9 W. & S. 123; 4 Barr 102; 5 Barr 385; 7 
 Barr 226, 443; 1 J. 474; 1 H. 256, 446; 4 H. 504; 
 
 7 H. 87; 12 11.57; 1 C. 109. 249 ; 2 0.516; 3 
 C. 116; 5 C. 314; 7 C. 94, 165; 11 C. 339; 1 Wr. 
 9, 23; 2 Wr. 289; 3 Wr. 469; 4 Wr. 37, 82; 5 Wr. 
 243; 8 Wr. 297; 9 Wr. 178; 10 Wr. 13, 25,46, 
 483; 1 Gr. 209, 234; 2 S. 219, 257; 3 S. 74, 79, 
 175; 4 S. 97, 304; 7 S. 511; 8 S. 424; 11 S. 73, 
 111; 13 S. 465, 481; 14 S. 268; 16 S. 248, 327; 17 
 S. 119. 
 
 3. Enlargement op estate, by implication from words 
 
 OF will, 4 C. 95; 6 0. 170; 10 S. 493. 
 
LIFE ESTATE— LIMESTONE. 495 
 
 LIFE ESTATE— continued. 
 
 4. When sufficient to sustain devise of freehold in 
 
 FUTURO, 1 S. 125. 
 
 5. Distinction between estates "reserved" and 
 
 "GRANTED," 1 S. 126. 
 
 6. Sale op, by administrator, 1 Gr. 209; 9 S. 393. 
 
 7. Rights of owner of. 
 
 Generally, 2 D. 193; 6 B. 59; 3 W. & S. 460; 3 C. 
 
 116; 6 S. 120. 
 To cut timber, 7 C. 44 ; 6 S. 119. 
 To mine and carry away ore, 7 H. 323 ; 12 H. 162 ; 7 
 
 C. 44. 
 To mortgage, 10 H. 74. 
 To bring ejectment, 2 J. 147. 
 
 To damages for breach of covenant of warranty, 3 C. 288. 
 To convey, 11 S. 283. 
 As against remainderman, 4 W. & S. 221; 7 Barr 
 
 185; 5 C. 260. 
 To remove buildings erected by owner of, 1 H. 438. 
 To damages for land taken by railroad company, 1 H. 
 
 497. 
 After twenty-one years dispossession, 5 0. 260. 
 
 8. Liability of owner of. 
 
 For waste, 1 H. 438 ; 7 C. 44; 5 Wr. 357; 6 S. 119, 
 
 120. 
 For municipal claims, 11 H. 305. 
 For mining ores, 7 H. 323 ; 12 H. 162; 7 C. 44. 
 To forfeit estate, 3 D. 488; 10 S. & R. 296; 5 C. 
 
 260; 6S. 120. 
 To account to co-tenant. See Tenant in Common 11. 
 For legacy charged on estate, 12 Wr. 211. 
 To give security to remainderman, 3 C. 116. 
 To sequestration, 6 W. & S. 488; 10 Barr 398; 1 H. 
 
 488; 8 C. 214. 
 To sale of interest on execution, 2 D. 75; 1 Y. 196, 
 
 427 ; 2 B. 80 ; 1 P. & W. 201 ; 8 W. 319 ; 1 
 
 Wh. 237; 1 Barr 201; 2 Barr 485; 3 Barr 275; 
 
 1 H. 488; 5 C. 314; 6 C. 49, 501; 3 Wr. 498. 
 
 9. Conveyance of, 11 S. 283. 
 
 10. Waiver of, 3 C. 62. 
 
 11. Judgment against husband of owner of, 1 W. 309. 
 
 LIMESTONE. 
 
 Contract for sale of, construed, 4 Wr. 341. 
 
496 LIMITED PAKTNEKSHIP— LIMITATIONS. 
 
 LIMITED PARTNERSHIP. 
 
 1. Natukb of, discussed, 2 Wr. 153 ; 5 Wr. 102 ; 8 Wr. 
 
 145. 
 
 2. Omission to comply with conditions of Act, 10 Barr 
 
 147. 
 
 3. Rights and liabilities of special partners, 6 Barr 
 
 490; 10 Barr 47 ; 10 C. 3^44; 2 Wr. 153; 8 Wr. 145. 
 
 4. Presumption as to liability of partners, 17 S. & R. 
 
 165; 1 C. 226; 2 C. 265. 
 
 5. Powers of assignee of, 2 C. 108. 
 
 6. Dissolution of, 10 Barr 47. See Partnership. 
 
 LIMITATION OVER, OF PERSONAL PROPERTY. 
 
 1. In will, 1Y. 340; 2 Y. 57, 411, 585, 586; 3Y. 204; IB. 
 10, 48, 846 ; 17 S. & R. 495 ; 12 H. 244 ; 4 Wr. 18 ; 5 Wr. 
 288 ; 10 Wr. 337 ; 14 Wr. 128; 2 S. 257, 268 ; 10 S. 492. 
 
 2. In restraint of marriage. See Marriage. 
 
 LIMITATIONS, STATUTE OF. 
 
 I. British statutes in force here, 1 D. 15, 67. 
 
 II. General rules as to. 
 
 1. Operates on remedy only, 8 W. 551 ; 2 Gr. 77 ; 
 
 7 S. 126; 11 S. 11. 
 
 2. Effect of death under statute, 4 Wh. 456. 
 
 3. "Beyond seas" in, construed, 2 D. 21; 1 Y. 331; 9 
 
 S. &R. 288; 12 S. & R. 330; 3 W. &S. 544; 1 Barr 
 241, 242; 7 Barr 292; 17 S. 396. 
 
 4. What are " merchants' accounts," 3 W. & S. 271 ; 7 
 
 Barr 281; 5 H. 238; 4 Wr. 241; 5 S. 260. 
 
 5. Not extended to transfer of claim, 2 R. 311. 
 
 6. Proviso as to infants, 3 Y. 200, 269; 6 W. 486; 6 
 
 Barr 141. 
 
 7. To claim of feme covert, 1 P. & W. 6 ; 3 Wh. 48 ; 
 
 8 Barr 189; 8 H. 299; 9 H. 877; 8 C. 171; 4 Wr. 
 90. 
 
 8. When statute begins to run, 2 Y. 448; 4 Y. 109; 3 
 
 B. 874 ; 2 S. & R. 436 ; 7 S. & R. 235; 14 S. & R. 
 311, 333 ; 16 S. & R. 379 ; 2 R. 311; 1 P. & W. 6, 
 493; 2P. &W. 48; IW. 110, 275; 6W. 500; 8 W. 
 16; 5 Wh. 376; 7 W. & S. 118; 1 Ban- 241 ; 2 Barr 
 385; 7 Barr 27, 31; 8 Barr 189; 9 Barr 140, 260 ; 
 10 Barr 274; 2 J. 49, 125, 238; 11 H. 88, 265,452; 
 12 H. 52, 867; 10 C. 127; 12 Wr. 518, 524; 11 
 
 s. n. 
 
LIMITATIONS, STATUTE OF. 497 
 
 LIMITATIONS, STATUTE 0¥— continued. 
 9. When statute ceases to run, 5 C. 360. 
 
 10. Judsment not opened to admit plea op, 1 D. 239. 
 
 11. Suspension of, 11 S. & R. 10, 13, 20; 2 P. & W. 251; 
 
 8 W. & S. 544; 2 J. 122; 11 H. 265; 12 H. 429; 1 
 C. 154, 252 ; 4 C. 261 ; 11 C. 259; 11 S. 11, 13 ; 20 S. 281. 
 
 12. Equity follows the law as to, 4 W. & S. 557 ; 6 H. 
 
 20 ; 12 H. 429. 
 
 13. Application of as to personalty. 
 To statutory remedies, 11 H. 371. 
 
 To personal claims, 1 B. 375; 2 H. 514; 7 0. 448. 
 To assumpsit by administrator, 1 D. 411 ; 2 Y. 341. 
 To accounts, 2 Y. 105, 341 ; 2 P. & W. 251 ; 1 W. & S. 
 
 356, 467; 2 W. & S. 137 ; 4 W. & S. 557; 6 H. 
 
 144; 1 C. 296. 
 Between citizens of different states, 2 D. 217. 
 To contract for services, 4 0. 316. 
 To bonds, 1 Y. 344. 
 To action on award, 14 S. 79. 
 To depositions, 1 S. & R. 394. 
 To claim of municipal corporation, 16 S. 222. 
 To purchase-money for land, 5 B. 77. 
 To dividends, 6 Barr 52 ; 4 C. 330. 
 To bills and notes, 1 Y. 204; 2 Wh. 153; 3 Gr. 138. 
 To claim of attorney for services, 4 Y. 334 ; 12 Wr. 22 ; 
 
 5 S. 434. 
 To legacies and trusts, 2 Y. 260, 268; 2 S. & R. 521; 
 
 4 S. & R. 308, 316 ; 14 S. & R. 333, 394 ; 16 S. & 
 R. 379; 2 R. 302. 304, 311 ; 1 W. 110, 271; 2 W. 
 161 ; 1 W. & S. li2; 7 W. & S. 359; 2 Barr 52; 4 
 Barr 56 ; 9 Barr 428 ; 6 H. 283 ; 11 H. 452 : 6 C. 
 133; 3 Wr. 320; 4 Wr. 316, 335; 5 Wr. 482; 10 
 Wr. 310; 12 Wr. 518, 522; 2 Gr. 334; 1 S. 377; 
 2 S 311 
 
 To debts of decedent, 17 S. & R. 121 ; 4 W. 424; 8 W. 
 124; 1 Wh. 66; 4 Wh. 455; 5 Wh. 521; 9 Barr 
 265; 2 J. 64; 5 H. 416; 9 H. 280: 11 H. 95, 96; 
 
 5 C. 360; 7 C. 455; 11 C. 259; 7 Wr. 155, 468; 
 14 Wr. 528; 11 S. 9; 13 S. 242, 244. 
 
 To judgments, 2 Y. 476; 3 Y. 200, 403; 13 S. & R. 
 
 395; 2 W. 161; 4 W. 177; 5 W. 225; 6 W. 379; 
 
 2 W. & S. 56. 
 To debt on foreign judgment, 13 S. & R. 395. 
 To balance in hands of executors, 1 D. 411 ; 2 Y. 341. 
 To suit against indemnified surety, 3 Wr. 513. 
 To suit for mesne profits, 2 Y. 279 ; 11 H. 265 ; 10 Wr. 15. 
 32 
 
498 LIMITATIONS, STATUTE OF. 
 
 LIMITATIONS, STATUTE Q-^— continued. 
 To action of replevin, 12 Wr. 518. 
 To action of dower, 13 S. & R. 356. 
 To claim for share of heirs under intestate law, 9 S. & R. 
 
 263 ; 6 W. 379 ; 2 Gr. 353. 
 To action on the case for torts, 2 Wh. 154 ; 9 Wr. 403. 
 To action for usury, 12 Wr. 130. 
 
 To action on promise to return specific sum, 9 Barr 410. 
 To action for rent, 11 H. 88; 9 C. 435; 9 Wr. 537; 1 
 
 Gr. 222. 
 To action against justice of the peace, 9 S. & R. 14. 
 To action against sheriif 's sureties, 7 W. 183 ; 7 W. & 
 
 S. 181 ; 9 Barr 120. 
 To action against constable's sureties, 9 C. 199. 
 To action against county, 2 R. 106 ; 5 C. 40. 
 To action by justice for fees, 10 Barr 233. 
 To action against representatives of decedents, 5 B. 573; 
 
 13 S. & R. 242 ; 14 S. & R. 196; 15 S. & R. 231; 
 
 1 W. 9 ; 6 W. 22 ; 7 W. 420 ; 8 W. 515 ; 9 W. 
 
 623; 1 Wh. 63, 66; 4 Wh. 130, 481; 2 W. & S. 
 
 182 ; 6 W. & S. 118 ; 7 W. & S. 359 ; 1 Barr 372 ; 
 
 5 Barr 226 ; 7 Barr 315 ; 2 H. 71; 2 Gr. 353. 
 To action on administration bond, 8 W. 515 ; 7 W. & S. 
 
 359; 2H. 71. 
 To action for devastavit, 7 W. & S. 350. 
 To actiofi for pawn or pledge, 1 P. & W. 216. 
 To action against tax collector, 6 Barr 290 ; 1 S. 71. 
 To action between principal and factor, 2 D. 264; 2 Y. 
 
 105. 
 To action for subscription for stock, 3 P. & W. 149 ; 8 
 
 C. 22; 12 C. 77; 10 Wr. 48. 
 To action against discharged insolvent debtor, 4 W. 430; 
 
 1 Wh. 105; 5 Wh. 15. 
 To action against estate of decedent by administrator, 2 
 
 Y. 341. 
 To action against attorney for money collected, 5 C. 293; 
 
 12 Wr. 524. 
 To action by owner of collateral security, 7 C. 161. 
 To action on municipal claim, 10 Wr. 358, 365. 
 To action against corporation, 3 Wr. 92. 
 To plea of set-off, 8 W. 260; 9 W. 183 ; 8 W. & S. 318. 
 To family agreements and settlements, 1 C. 154. 
 To right which depends on proof of existence of fraud, 1 
 
 W. 110, 401; 8 W. 12; 4 Wr. 199 ; 10 Wr. 498. 
 To claim by the Commonwealth, 5 B. 77; 3 S. & R. 
 
 291; 16 S. & R. 245; 1 W. 54 ; 4 W. 71; 5 W. 
 
 194; 7 W. 450; 3 Barr 151; 5 Barr 240; 6 
 
LIMITATIONS, STATUTE OF. 499 
 
 LIMITATIONS, STATUTE OF— continued. 
 
 Barr 136 ; 10 Barr 466; 9 C. 455; 5 Wr. 269; 9 
 
 S. 165, 166. 
 To action for diverting watercourse, 13 S. 475. 
 To action against sheriff's vendee for loss on resale, 16 
 
 S. 27. 
 
 II. To REAL PROPERTY. 
 
 General rule as to, 1 J. 189, 195. 
 
 To application for lands, 1 Y. 293; 3 Y. 402; 1 Wr. 
 
 427; 4 Wr. 335,492. 
 Act of Marcli 26, 1785. relative to, construed, 10 S. & 
 
 R. 293 ; 9 S. 300, 307. 
 To claim under land warrant, 1 Y. 293; 3 Y. 23, 403 
 
 4 S. & R. 302 ; 17 S. & R. 350 ; 1 W. & S. 588 
 
 6 H. 377. 
 To intruder on land, 8 S. & R. 392; 4 W. 492; 1 W 
 
 & S. 48; 6 W. & S. 502; 1 Barr 205; 3 C. 504 
 
 See Adverse Possession. 
 To claim under settlement and improvement, 1 Y. 293 
 
 2 Y. 270, 447, 476 ; 3 Y. 283, 403 ; 5 B. 77 ; 3 S 
 & R. 291; 7 S. & R. 129; 10 S. & R. 303; 1 
 P. & W. 134, 334; 3 W. 345; 7 W. 35, 442, 565, 
 580; 9 W. 64; 10 W. 141, 367; 4 W. & S. 151; 1 
 Barr 413; 3 Barr 214; 9 Barr 232; 6 H. 377; 7 
 I-I. 305; 6 S. 95. 
 
 To claim under patent, 3 S. & R. 291 ; 4 S. & R. 302; 
 
 3 S. 122. 
 
 To trust estates. See Trustees, IX. 
 
 To land held under parol contract, 1 S. 51. 
 
 Held by tenants in common, 13 S. & R. 356; 2 W. & S. 
 
 182; 10 Wr. 376. 
 Action of dower, 13 S. & R. 356. 
 To lands occupied twenty-one years by widow of owner, 
 
 2 W. & S. 27. 
 To right of vendee out of possession, 4 S. & R. 392. 
 To-right of tenant in tail, 3 B. 374. 
 To estate of co-heirs, 10 W. 185; 2 W. & S. 182. 
 To estate of remaindermen, 7 C. 94. 
 To claim to land sold as unseated. See Unseated Land. 
 To land held by vendee of trespasser, 2 H. 297; 10 0. 
 
 38; 2 Gr. 99. 
 To title acquired by payment of taxes, 9 W. Ill ; 10 W. 
 
 141; 2 W. & S. 240; 5 W. & S. 61; 12 Wr. 36. 
 
 See Unseated Land. 
 
 III. What will avoid operation of, 7 S. & R. 129; 1 P. 
 
 &W. 8; 3 W. 69; 9 W. 28; 2 W. & S. 240; 6 W. & 
 
500 LIMITATIONS, STATUTE OF. 
 
 LIMITATIONS, STATUTE 0¥— continued. 
 
 S. 315; 7 W. & S. 154; 1 Barr 364; 4 Barr 244; 9 
 Barr 40; 1 J. 56, 189, 212, 495; 3 H. 517; 7 H. 
 305; 11 H. 254; 7 C. 448; 1 Wr. 427; 2 S. 495; 9 
 S. 414; 13 S. 7. 
 
 IV. What acts will take case out of the statutes. 
 
 1. Acknowledgment TO CREDITOR, 1 B. 209; 5 B. 195, 
 
 225, 573; 1 S. & R. 176, 236; 3 S. & R. 211, 500; 
 7 S. & R. 110 ; 9 S. & R. 128 ; 11 S. & R. 10; 12 S. 
 & R. 393; 14 S. & R. 195; 15 S. & R. 233 ; 17 S. & 
 R. 126; 5R. 134; IP. &W. 135; 2P. &W. 301; 
 3 P. & W. 177 ; 1 W. 271 ; 5 W. Ill ; 6 W. 44, 219, 
 220; 7W. 139; 9W. 330; 10 W. 172, 261; 1 W. 
 & S. 244; 2 W. & S. 137; 3 W. & S. 507; 4 W. & 
 S. 32; 6 W. & S. 213; 7 W. & S. 180; 1 Barr 240, 
 241; 3 Barr 161, 418; 4 Barr 321, 322; 9 Barr 
 258, 410; 2 J. 264; 2 H. 275, 319, 479; 4 H. 
 210; 5 H. 238, 286-, 302; 7 H. 388; 10 H. 308; 11 
 H. 413; IC. 124; 2 0.284; 3 0.278; 5 0.293 
 11 0. 259; 1 Wr.'413 ; 5 Wr. 51; 11 Wr. 333, 516 
 
 2 Or. 412; 4 S. 152; 6 S. 130, 152; 8 S. 461 
 9 S. 487; 13 S. 324, 374; 19 S. 311; 20 S. 183. 
 
 2. Acknowledgment to agent of creditor, 5 H. 302; 3 
 
 0. 278; 6 S. 130. 
 
 3. Acknowledgment to stranger, 10 Barr 129 ; 5 H. 
 
 286, 302. 
 
 4. Acknowledgment when conditional. 13 S. 374, 377. 
 
 5. By payment on account, 8 Barr 337 ; 10 H. 156 ; 1 
 
 0. 112; 2 0. 284; 3 Gr. 302; 14 S. 69. 
 
 6. By new promise of one of several debtors, 17 S. & 
 
 R. 128; 1 P. & W. 138; 2 P. & W. 490; 5 Wh. 538; 
 
 3 W. & S. 345; 7 Barr 438. 
 
 7. By confession of judgment, 6 Wr. 529. 
 
 8. Effect of endorsements of payments on bond or 
 
 note, 1 W. & S. 243; 5 W. & S. 331; 9 Barr 335; 5 
 Wr. 51. 
 -9. By direction in will to pay debts, 1 B. 10, 20, 209, 
 346 ; 4 Barr 56 ; 8 Barr 508. 
 
 10. By statement in insolvent petition, 10 Barr 129. 
 
 11. By assignment of collaterals, 12 Wr. 531. 
 
 V. Plea of. 
 
 1. Who may plead, 2 J. 49; 11 H. 95. 
 
LIMITATIONS, STATUTE OF— LIS PENDENS. 501 
 
 LIMITATIONS, STATUTE 07— continued. 
 
 2. Executor and administratok not bound to plead, 
 
 7 W. 420; 6 Barr 267; 11 H. 95; 1 Gr. 268. 
 
 3. When to be special, 12 Wr. 130. 
 
 4. AVaiver of plea, 11 Wr. 33; 12 Wr. 248. 
 What will bar right to plead, 1 W. 401; 2 J. 49. 
 
 5. Effect of alias writs on plea of, 2 Barr 385 ; 3 H. 
 
 293; 12 H. 367. 
 VL Replication to plea of, 9 S. & R. 11; 4 Wh. 130; 7 
 Barr 281; 4 Wr. 199; 11 Wr. 333; 12 Wr. 22; 11 S. 
 133, 135. 
 
 VII. Plaintiff must prove original claim on plea of, 11 
 S. 135. 
 
 VIII. In criminal cases, 1 S. 255; 7 S. 443. 
 
 LINEAL AND COLLATERAL WARRANTY. 
 
 Discussed, 3 S. & R. 59-76. See Collateral Warranty. 
 
 LINE FENCE. See Adjoiners ; i'ENCES. 
 
 LINES. 
 
 On the ground the true survey, 1 Y. 28, 285; 2 Y. 89, 311; 
 4 Y. 300; 1 B. 146; 2 B. 109; 2 S. & R. 294; 4 S. & 
 R. 347, 456; 5 S. & R. 215; 3 W. 280; 4 W. 261; 7 W. 
 91; 1 W. & S. 68 ; 3 W. & S. 465; 2 Barr 43; 4 Barr 
 244 ; 5 Barr 249 ; 6 Barr 478 ; 2 J. 178 ; 3 H. 139 ; 4 H. 
 232; 4 C. 413; 10 C. 191, 198; 340; 3 S. 313; 6 S. 69; 
 11 S. 146, 163; 13 S. 223; 15 S. 416 ; 16 S. 210. 
 
 LIQUIDATED DAMAGES. 
 
 When penalty on bond is, 16 S. & R. 320; 1 C. 424; 5 Wr. 
 206; 12 Wr. 450. &e Damages. 
 
 LIQUIDATING PARTNERS. 
 
 1. Who are, 7 Barr, 470. 
 
 2. Powers op, 5 Wh. 347, 536. 
 
 3. Right of to compensation, 7 H. 516; 8 Wr. 129]; 12 S. 
 
 73. See Partners. 
 
 LIS PENDENS. 
 
 1. When it exists, 1 D. 27; 3 R. 322; 6 W. & S. 493: 9 
 
 W. & S. 145 ; 6 Barr 196 ; 6 H. 388 ; 5 G. 186; 1 Wr. 
 353; 5 Wr. 364; 3 Gr. 368. 
 
 2. When notice to purchasers, 1 Y. 574; 9 Barr 224; 5 
 
 H. 462; 3 C. 418; 1 Wr. 353; 5 Wr. 364; 3 Gr. 368. 
 
502 LIS PENDENS— LOCATION OP KOAD. 
 
 LIS VENDENS— continued. 
 
 3. Applicati5n oe rule. 
 
 To arbitration, 6 W. & S. 493; 7 W. & S. 477. 
 To attachment, 9 Wr. 488. 
 To scire facias, 2 R. 9; 6 Wh. 473. 
 To suit on recognisance in Orphans' Court, 6 Wh. 60. 
 To suit in foreign tribunal, 2 W. & S. 133, 208; 3 W. & 
 S. 399; 7 W. & S. 210,477; 8 Wr. 326; 9 Wr. 488. 
 
 4. When to be pleaded, 1 P. & W. 442; 6 S. 110. 
 
 5. Nature of plea, 3 Barr 435; 3 S. 355. 
 
 6. Plea op, how sustained. 1 D. 27; 6 W. & S. 493; 9 W. 
 
 & S. 145; 3 Barr 431; 6 Barr 196; 6 S. 355. 
 
 LIST OF FIRST PURCHASERS. 
 Admissibility of in evidence, 1 D. 21. 
 
 LIST OF LAND. 
 
 Admissibility of in evidence, 1 D. 21. 
 
 LIVERY STABLE KEEPER. 
 Lien of, 11 H. 193; 7 Wr. 507. 
 
 LOAN ASSOCIATIONS. See Building Associations. 
 
 LOAN OFFICE. 
 
 Sale under mortgage to, 4 D. 218. 
 
 LOANS. 
 
 Of Union Canal Company construed, 4 W. & S. 553. 
 Of personal property, 7 W. 375. 
 Public taxation of, 3 C. 497. 
 
 LOANS, GIFTS AND ADVANCEMENTS. 
 Defined and discussed, 3 Wr. 97. 
 
 LOANS OF CORPORATIONS. See Corporation Loans. 
 
 LOCAL FREIGHT. 
 
 On Pennsylvania Railroad, 10 Wr. 211; 11 Wr. 338, 344 ; 2 
 S. 250. 
 
 LOCAL IMPROVEMENTS. 
 
 Taxation for discussed, 8 Wr. 113; 10 Wr. 358, 365. 
 
 LOCAL OPTION LAW. 
 Discussed, 6 Bai-r 507. 
 
 LOCATION OF LAND. See Land Warrant ; Survey. 
 
 LOCATION OF ROAD. 
 
 Proof of, 12 Wr. 305. See Roads. 
 
LOCK KEEPER— LOST. 503 
 
 LOCK KEEPER. 
 
 On canal. 
 
 Liability of for working on Sunday, 12 H. 273. 
 
 LOCUS PENITENTI^. 
 
 Right of vendor to, 10 W. 422. 
 
 LOGANIAN LIBRARY. 
 
 Valuation of ground-rent under will of Logan, 3 Wr. 43. 
 
 LOGS IN SUSQUEHANNA RIVER. 
 Forfeiture and salvage of, 17 S. 424. 
 
 Act of 1812, 1853, 1855 and 1866, relative to, construed, 15 
 S. 400 ; 17 S. 424. 
 
 LOSS. 
 
 1. Of prospective profits, 6 Wr. 439; 12 Wr. 309. 
 
 2. Statement of in insurance cases, 2 D. 280 ; 5 C. 198 ; 
 
 9 C. 397; 4 Wr. 289, 311; 5 Wr. 161; 6 Wr. 188; 7 
 Wr. 350; 8 Wr. 259; 16 S.,9. 
 
 3. Of services, damages for, 2 H. 282. 
 
 Sustained by one of several innocent parties, 6 S. & R. 
 308; 16 S. &R. 21; 17 S. & R. 438; 4 R. 318; 2 
 P. & W. 132; 3 P. & W. 9 ; 10 W. 332 ; 6 Barr 327 ; 
 2 H. 150, 306 ; 10 H. 219. 
 
 LOSS OF PROFITS. 
 
 1. Damages for, 6 Wr. 435; 12 Wr. 309. 
 
 2. Statement op in insurance cases. See Loss 2. 
 
 LOST. 
 
 I. Definition of, 6 Wh. 389. 
 
 II. Bond or note. 
 
 1. Proof op, 2 Y. 457; 6 B. 59 ; 6 W. 288 ; 10 W. 63 ; 3 
 Wh. 423 ; 10 C. 525 ; 12 C. 355 ; 1 Gr. 175. 
 Proof of contents of, 2 Y. 457; 6 B. 59; 6 W. 288; 3 
 Wh. 424 ; 10 C. 525. 
 , 2. Action on, 3 Y. 442 ; 4 W. 218. 
 " 3. Security for, 8 S. & R. 320, 328; 2 H. 14; 15 S. 
 196. See Indemnity. 
 
 4. Form of narr., 1 Y. 2; 12 C. 355. 
 
 5. Evidence on trial, 5 B. 469; 3 W. 26 ; 10 W. 63; 4 
 
 W. & S. 448; 6 W. & S. 221; 3 Barr 360; 7 Barr 
 . 476; 12 C. 355; 1 Gr. 175; 18 S. 445. 
 
 6. Copy of, when evidence, 3 W. & S. 45. 
 
504 LOST. 
 
 LOST — continued. 
 
 III. Chattel. 
 
 1. Lien of finder, 4 W. 63. 
 
 IV. Precept for sale, 4 D. 220. 
 
 V. Official bond, 12 C. 355. 
 
 VI. Declaration. 
 
 How supplied, 6 Barr 51; 7 Barr 392. 
 
 VII. Deed. 
 
 1. Presumption as to contents, 2 Barr 456. 
 
 2. Proof op existence, 7 W. 217; 3 W. & S. 291; 4 
 
 Barr 191 ; 1 H. 641 ; 5 0. 375; 16 S. 253. 
 
 3. Proof of contents, 2 Y. 119 : 7 S. & R. 313 ; 10 S. 
 
 6 R. 275; 4 W. 396; 6 W. 290; 3 W. & S. 291, 293; 
 3 Barr 360; 9 Barr 28, 144; 2 J. 209; 5 C. 375; 15 
 S. 320; 16 S. 253. 
 
 4. Proof of search for requisite, 16 S. 253; 20 S. 
 
 191. 
 
 5. Sustained by recital in subsequent deed, 4 D. 314 ; 
 
 7 W. & S. 371. 
 
 6. When no objection to conveyance of land, 8 S. & R. 
 
 268. 
 
 7. Rights and liability of finder, 1 H. 150. 
 
 8. Indemnity for, when to be given, 2 H. 14; 15 S. 196. 
 
 VIII. Baggage. 
 
 Proof of contents, 8 Barr 451. See Baggage. 
 
 IX. Records. 
 
 1. Proof of, 2 R. 232; 3 Wh. 190; 6 Wh. 352; 4 Wr. 
 151. 
 
 2. Presumption in favor of, 3 "Wh. 190. 
 
 3. How supplied, 10 W. 63; 6 Barr 51 ; 7 Barr 392; 3 
 C. 427. 
 
 X. Depositions. 
 
 Proof of contents, 2 Y. 340. 
 
 XL Receipt. 
 
 Proof of, 5 S. & R. 352. 
 
 XII. Minutes of military court, 1 R. 143. 
 
 XIII. Leases in Philadelphia, Act of 1865 relative to, 
 construed, 4 S.. 230. 
 
 XIV. Lottery ticket, 8 S. & R. 320. 
 
 XV. Will, 2 B. 406. 
 
LOT OWNEKS— LUMBER. 505 
 
 LOT OWNERS. 
 
 1. Recipkocal rights and duties of adjoining. See Ad- 
 
 joining Land Owner. 
 
 2. Rights and liability of, as to grading and paving 
 
 STREETS. See Streets. 
 
 LOTTERIES. 
 
 1. EOR DISPOSAL OF LAND, 4 S. & R. 451. 
 
 2. Waiter of irregularity in drawing, 2 B. 301. 
 
 LOTTERY APPLICATION, 
 
 Right of holder of, 15 S. & R. 221. 
 
 LOTTERY TICKETS. 
 
 1. Contract for purchase of, 1 W. & S. 181. 
 
 2. Are "goods, wares and merchandise," 2 Wh. 155. 
 
 3. Indictment for selling, 7 S. & R. 469. 
 
 4. Of other states, purchase of, 1 H. 328. 
 
 LOTTERY WARRANT. 
 
 1. Nature and history of, 3 Y. 116 ; 6 B. 321. 
 
 2. Application for, 2 Y. 315. 
 
 3. Preference as to application under, 3 B. 14. 
 
 4. Evidence in action to recover prize under, 3 B. 14. 
 
 5. Ticket under when invalid, 6 B. 321. 
 
 LOUISIANA. 
 
 Code of, discussed, 15 S. & R. 84. 
 
 LOUNGERS. 
 
 When a nuisance, 17 S. 356. 
 
 LOVE AND AFFECTION. See Contracts. 
 
 LOW WATER MARK. 
 
 When the line of survey, 5 W. 459; 1 Wh. 137; 2 Wh. 508; 
 
 8 W. & S. 436 ; 4 C. 206 ; 10 S. 339. 
 Definition of, 10 S. 339. See Water Mark. 
 
 LUCID INTERVALS. 
 
 In testator. See Lunatic ; Will. 
 
 LUMBER. 
 
 1. When sub.tect to Act of 1812, 4 W. 63; 2 C. 499. 
 
 2. Rights and duties of salvor of, 2 C. 499. 
 
 3. 'Rule for measuring, 7 Wr. 134. 
 
 4. Contract for sawing, construed, 12 Wr. 58. 
 
506 LUMBER— LUNATIC AND DRUNKARD. 
 
 LUMBER — continued. 
 
 5. Contract for sale of, construed, 7 Wr. 313 ; 11 Wi-. 
 
 60; 12 Wr. 407 ; 13 Wr. 507. 
 
 6. Delivery op, when not necessary, 4 S. 514. 
 
 7. Trespass by part owner, against sheriff's vendee for 
 
 TAKING, 11 Wr. 387. See Timber. 
 
 LUNATIC AND DRUNKARD. 
 
 I. Jurisdiction of court over, 3 Wr. 425; 5 Wr. 195. 
 IL Habits of drunkard^ discussed, 6 H. 172; 1 C. 95. 
 
 III. Unsoundness op mind discussed, 1 Wh. 53 ; 6 W. & S. 
 451 ; 7 W. & S. 245 ; 6 H. 172 ; 1 C. 95; 9 S. 328. 
 
 IV. Proof of, 11 H. 117 ; 9 S. 328. 
 V. ' Inquisition on. 
 
 1. As TO MENTAL CONDITION OF PARTY, 1 Wh. 51 ; 6 W. & 
 
 S. 451; 6 H. 172. 
 
 2. When evidence in subsequent proceedings, 4 R. 
 
 234; 6 Barr 371 ; 2 H. 417; 4 S. 217. 
 
 3. Cannot be avoided collaterally, 4 R. 234 ; 6 Barr 
 
 371 ; 2 J. 159. 
 
 4. Issue on traverse of, 6 W. & S. 451. 
 
 5. Presumption in favor of, 2 J. 159 ; 2 H. 417. 
 
 6. Effect of inquisition finding lunacy or drunken- 
 
 ness. 
 On contracts within time covere'l by, 4 R. 234 ; 6 W. 
 
 139, 140; 7 W. & S. Ill, 244; 4 Barr 159, 375; 
 
 6 Barr 371 ; 2 J. 169 ; 2 H. 417 ; 7 C. 243 ; 3 S. 
 
 97; 6 S. 370; 11 S. 245; 20 S. 231. 
 On contracts before time covered by inquisition, 5 R. 
 
 Ill; 4 Barr 375; 6 Barr 371; 10 Barr 56; 1 H. 
 
 488; 3 Gr. 162; 19 S. 204. 
 On contracts after inquisition, 4 R. 236; 5 R. Ill; 4 
 
 Barr 375 ; 6 Barr 371 ; 2 H. 428 ; 7 C. 243 ; 8 Gr. 
 
 162; 3 S. 97. 
 On contracts during lucid intervals, 2 H. 417 ; 8 Gr. 
 
 162; 3 S. 97. 
 On judgments against, 8 Barr 57. 
 Presumption of sanity charged by, 3 S. 97 ; 6 S. 371. 
 On will made during lucid intervals, 4 S. 216 ; 6 S. 870. 
 On debts generally, 8 Barr 57. 
 As to power of court over, 3 Wr. 425 ; 5 Wr. 195. 
 On right of party to act as executor, 7 AV. & S. 244, 
 
 245. 
 Onus of proving lucid intervals, 6 Barr 871 ; 4 S. 217. 
 Liability of purchaser from, 6 Barr 871. 
 
LUNATIC AND DEUNKAB,D. 507 
 
 LUNATIC AND Dnvm^AWD— continued. 
 7. Rbviem' of inquisition, 4 R. 366. 
 
 Record when and for what evidence, 2 J. 159. 
 
 VI. Committee op. 
 
 1. Appointment of, 6 H. 434 ; 1 Wr. 60. 
 
 2. Bond of, 5 Barr 250. 
 
 3. Power of court over, 8 Barr 57 ; 4 H. 321 ; 6 H. 434 ; 
 
 15 S. 451. 
 
 4. Rights and powers of generally, 15 S. 452. 
 
 To exemption from suit until inquisition found, 4 W. 459. 
 
 Where there is a previous trust, 2 Barr 325 ; 19 H. 240. 
 
 To recover income, 6 H. 434 ; 7 H. 240. 
 
 To set aside sales of, 9 Barr, 280 ; 2 H. 121. 
 
 To maintain action of partition, 11 S. 240. 
 
 To bring ejectment, 2 W. 183 ; 2 H. 121. 
 
 To sell real estate by attorney in fact, 1 S. 276. 
 
 To elect for lunatic under will, 15 S. 451. 
 
 5. Duties of. 
 
 As to payment of debts, 2 W. 183 ; 8 Barr 57 ; 11 H. 
 
 415. 
 As to collection of debts, 8 Barr 57. 
 As to maintenance of lunatics, 4 Barr 375; 4 H. 321; 11 
 
 H. 416 ; 6 C. 522 ; 1 Wr. 143; 11 Wr. 509 ; 17 S. 
 
 367, 369. 
 As to sale of real estate of, 5 Wr. 195 ; 3 Gr. 42. 
 
 6. Liability of. 
 
 Effect of decree of court on account, 6 Wh. 190. 
 On sale of land by, 2 Barr 473 ; 4 Barr 363. 
 On contract during lucid interval, 3 Gr. 162. 
 Costs of proceedings, 10 H. 466; 10 C. 377. 
 For moneys received, 1 Wr. 60; 4 Wr. 306. 
 Review of account in Supreme Court, 6 Wh. 191. 
 Suit on action, 9 H. 265. 
 Service of writ in suit v. respondent, 1 J. 522. 
 
 VII. Committal of respondent to house op refuge, 4 Wh. 9. 
 
 VIII. Committal of respondent to lunatic asylum, 1 
 Wr. 143. 
 
 IX. Partition of estate op, 1 J. 522. 
 
 X. Liability of half pay of lunatic officer to claim op 
 
 creditors, 17 S. 367. 
 XL Abandonment of proceedings in, when presumed, 6 
 S. 370. 
 
 XII. Restoration or reformation of, when presumed, 
 6 S. 370. 
 
 XIII. Error in case op, 9 S. & R. 317. 
 
508 LUNATIC ASYLUM— MALICE. 
 
 LUNATIC ASYLUM. 
 
 1. Who mat be committed to, 10 C. 184; 1 "Wr. 143; 18 
 
 S. 312. 
 
 2. Proceedings to commit to, 6 C. 622; 10 C. 184; 1 Wr. 
 
 143, 148. 
 
 3. Who liable for support of persons in, 6 C. 522; IOC. 
 
 184; 1 Wr. 143; 11 Wr. 509 ; 16 S. 18; 18 S. 312. 
 
 MACHINERY. 
 
 1. When personal property, 17 S. & R. 415; 3 H. 507; 4 
 
 H. 528; 8H. 303; 7 Wr. 308. 
 
 2. When real estate, 17 S. & R.'413; 3 W. 140; 5 W. 
 
 115; 7 W. 106; 2 W. & S. 116, 119, 390; 3 H. 507; 7 
 H. 71; 8 H. 303; 4 C. 271 ; 12 S. 28; 20 S. 381, 
 490. 
 
 3. Title of sheriff's vendee to, 3 C. 209. 
 
 4. Proceeds op sheriff's sale of, belong to execution 
 
 creditor, 3 C. 209. 
 
 5. Taxation of, as real estate, 20 S. 381. 
 
 6. Removal of, after entry of lien, 9 Wr. 455, 463. 
 
 7. Subject to mechanic's lien, 5 W. 115; 1 Wr. 182. 
 
 MACHINE SHOP. 
 Mortgage of. 
 
 What covered by, 9 Wr. 42;- 3 S. 271; 20 S. 490. 
 
 MAIL. 
 
 Presumption as to delivery of letters by, 8 W. & S. 15, 188 ; 3 
 
 S. 289; 19 S. 156. 
 Transmission of money by, 19 S. 156. 
 
 MAIL COACH. 
 
 Collection of tolls for, on nation^al road, 2 W. & S. 168. 
 
 MAINTENANCE. See Bastard ; Lunatic ; Minor ; Widow ; 
 Will. 
 Devise charged with. See Devise III. 3. 
 
 MAKER OF NOTE. 
 
 1. Competency of, as witness. See Bills and Notes. 
 
 2. Rights, duties and liability of. See Bills and Notes. 
 
 MALICE. 
 
 1. Proof of. in action for conspiracy, 1 Wr. 350; 6 Wr. 
 
 402 ; 13 Wr. 122. 
 
 2. Legal meaning of, 1 Y. 415; 4 S. & R. 420; 11 S. & R. 
 
 35; 8S. 9. 
 
MALICE— MALO PROHIBITO. 509 
 
 MALICE — continued. 
 
 3. Inferred from threats, 14 Wr. 9 ; 8 S. 9. 
 
 4. Onus of proving, 4 S. & R. 420; 8 S. 9. 
 
 MALICIOUS ABUSE OF PROCESS. 
 
 Action for, 4 W. & S. 201; 1 S. 190. See Abuse of Pro- 
 cess. 
 New trial allowed in action for, 4 S. & R. 19. 
 
 MALICIOUS ARREST AND IMPRISONMENT. 
 Remedy for, 6 C. 344. See Abuse of Process. 
 
 MALICIOUS MISCHIEF. 
 
 1. Indictment for, 1 D. 335; 6 C. 421, 423; 9 S. 266. 
 
 2. Punishment for, 6 C. 423. 
 
 MALICIOUS PROSECUTION. 
 
 1. What constitutes, 2 Y. 473 ; 4 Y. 507 ; 1 Barr 234 ; 1 
 
 C. 275; 8 C. 168. 
 
 2. Action for, 2 Y. 473 ; 4 Y. 507 ; 2 H. 369 ; 1 C. 275 ; 6 
 
 C. 344; 8 C. 168; 2 Gr. 416; 1 S. 158. 
 Against two or more, 2 P. & W. 149. 
 Declaration in, 4 Y. 423 ; 13 S. & R. 333 ; 3 Wr. 288. 
 Evidence for plaintiff, 7 W. 189 ; 8 W. 240 ; 4 Wh. 334 ; 
 
 5 W. & S. 438; IJ. 81; 3 Wr. 288 ; 11 Wr. 194; 
 
 13 S. 173, 234. 
 Evidence for defendant, 4 S. & R. 24 ; 2 P. & W. 149 ; 
 
 8 W. 240 ; 4 W. & S. 201 ; 5 W. & S. 438, 439 ; 6 
 
 W. & S. 336 ; 1 Barr 234, 237 ; 1 C. 275 ; 2 Gr. 
 
 416. 
 As to malice, 13 S. 274. 
 When probable cause is a question of law or of law and 
 
 fact, 4 S. & R. 24, 420 ; 5 W. & S. 438 ; 6 W. & 
 
 S. 336, 342 ; 1 Barr 234 ; 9 Barr 137 ; 1 C. 275 ; 
 
 3 C. 329 ; 5 C. 477 ; 6 C. 72 ; 9 C. 601 ; 3 Wr. 
 
 288; 2 S. 419; 13 S. 173, 234. 
 When established by verdict against defendant in criminal 
 
 case, 2 Gr. 272. 
 Papers sent out with jury Jn action for, 5 W. & S. 438. 
 
 3. Verdict in. 
 
 Basis of, 5 W. & S. 438. 
 What cured by, 6 W. & S. 336. 
 Measure of damages in, 3 W. 84. 
 
 MALIGNANT DISEASE. 
 
 Adjournment of court on account of, 2 Y. 209. 
 
 MALO PROHIBITO. 
 
 Validity of contracts based on, 4 D. 271, 298. 
 
510 MALPRACTICE BY SURGEON— MANDAMUS. 
 
 MALPRACTICE BY SURGEON. 
 
 1. Action for, 1 Gr. B55 ; 10 H. 261. 
 
 Evidence in, 8 W. & S. 376; 1 Gr. 355; 18 S. 168. 
 
 2. Law relative to action foe, discussed, 10 H. 261. 
 
 MANAYUNK. 
 
 Time of laying out streets in, 9 H. 55. 
 
 MANDAMUS. 
 
 I. Not a civil suit under Act op 1806, 6 B. 5. 
 
 IL Power of courts to award, 3 D. 52 ; 1 Y. 46 ; 3 B. 
 273; 6 B. 53; 1 S. &R. 187; 8 S. & R. 211 ; 9 S. & 
 R. 59, 62; 6 Wh. 482 ; 6 W. & S. 386; 8 W. & S. 365; 
 1 J. 196; 9 H. 19; IOC. 496. 
 
 III. When appropriate, 2 D. 42, 50 ; 1 Y. 46 ; 2 B. 275, 
 360. 362 ; 3 B. 275 ; 5 B. 87 ; 1 S. & R. 472, 473 ; 6 S. 
 & R. 508; 7 S. & R. 6; 8 S. & R. 211; 5 R. 75; 2 P. 
 & W. 518; 4 W. 154 ; 5 W. 152 ; 2 W. & S. 407 ; 5 W. 
 & S. 403; 6 W. & S. 386; 8 W. & S. 365; 3 Barr 282, 
 382: 6 Barr 469; 7 Barr 44; IJ. 196; 1 H. 72, 175: 
 4 C. 108; 6 C. 33; 8 C. 194, 218; 10 C. 293, 496; 12 
 0. 263 ; 1 Wr. 277; 5 Wr. 68 ; 7 Wr. 326, 400; 8 Wr. 
 336, 440; 9 Wr. 388; 11 Wr. 361, 382; 12 Wr. 118; 
 13 Wr. 530; 2 Gr. 14; 1 S. 221; 3 S. 9; 5 S. 456; 6 S. 
 359; 16 S. 134. 
 
 IV. Who entitled to, 8 W. & S. 365; 3 H. 251 ; 4 C. 108. 
 
 V. Who subject to. 
 
 Judicial officers, 2 D. 42, 50 ; 5 S. 28. 
 
 Corporations, 6 S. & R. 508; 8 W. & S. 365; 7 Wr. 400. 
 
 County commissioners. See Commissioners, III. 6. 
 
 VI. When inappropriate, 2 D. 224; 3 D. 42; 4 D. 292; 
 1 Y. 46, 155; 4 Y. 184; 1 B. 46: 2 B. 360; 3 B. 
 273; 5B. 87, 536; 6 B. 5, 456; 4 S. & R. 425; 16 S. 
 &R. 317; 2P. & W. 518; 5 W. 152; 1 Wh. 9; 2 Wh. 
 285; 6 Wh. 476; 8'W. & S. 365; 1 J. 196; 1 
 H. 175; 4 C. 108; 5 C. 121; 12 C. 262; 5 S. 28; 14 
 S. 252. 
 
 VII. Proceedings in case of. 
 
 1. Petition for, 9 H. 23; 5 Wr. 335. 
 
 2. Previous demand, 1 Wr. 237. 
 
 3. Form of writ, 10 C. 496. 
 
 4. Alternative writ, when awarded, 10 S. 9. 
 
 5. Return to writ, 1 S. & R. 264 ; 6 S. & R. 469 ; 7 S. 
 
 &R. 6; 3 H. 251; 8 C. 218; 10 C. 293, 496 ; 1 Wr. 
 237, 277; 2 Wr. 125,457; 10 S. 9. 
 
MANDAMUS— MANUFACTUKING COMPANY. 511 
 
 M AlifB AMU S— continued. 
 
 6. Duty of kespondent in, 1 Wr. 277. 
 
 7. Waiver of technical objection in, 3 Barr 282. 
 
 8. Demurrer to, 3 Barr 282; 3 H. 251; 8 C. 218; 1 
 
 Wr. 277. 
 
 9. Traverse of, 1 Wr. 277 ; 2 Wr. 457; 1 S. 221. 
 
 10. Trial of, 8 C. 218; 5 Wr. 335. 
 
 11. Enforcement op by peremptory writ of, 1 S. 221. 
 
 12. Jurisdiction of Common Pleas of Philadelphia in, 
 
 14 S. 252. 
 
 13. Damages in, 8 H. 426, 427, 429; 7 C. 82. 
 
 MANDATE. 
 
 For execution or reversal in Supreme Court, 3 D. 343. 
 
 MANIFEST. 
 
 Of cargo when evidence, 4 D. 415. 
 
 MANUFACTORY. 
 
 Meaning of in insurance contract, 7 S. 74. 
 
 MANUFACTURER. 
 
 1. Definition of under Internal Revenue Law, 8 Wr. 
 
 291. 
 
 2. When liable for license fee, 9 Barr 333; 1 H. 522; 
 
 3 C. 495; 9 C. 380. 
 
 3. When liable to mercantile tax, 3 C. 494; 3 Gr. 396. 
 
 MANUFACTURING- COMPANY. 
 
 I. Charter of. 
 
 1. When proof of membership, 9 Wr. 32. 
 
 2. Validity op until destroyed by decree op court, 9 
 
 Wr. 410 ; 8 S. 405. 
 
 3. Assailed for fraud in procuring, 9 Wr. 410. 
 
 4. Not to be assailed collaterally, 8 S. 399. 
 
 5. Application of Statute of Limitations to subscrip- 
 
 tion FOR stock of, 10 Wr. 48. 
 
 II. Books of. 
 
 Admissibility of in evidence. 9 Wr. 32. 
 
 III. Certificates. 
 
 As to amount of stock, 10 Wr. 48. 
 
 IV. Subscription to stock discussed, 18 S. 256. 
 
 V. Disavowal of membership. 
 
 Effect of, 9 Wr. 32. 
 
512 MANUFACTUEINa CO.— MARINE INSURANCE. 
 
 MANUFACTURING GOMVA-NY— continued. 
 
 VI. Action against, 4 W. 117 ; 10 H. 320; 9 Wr. 32; 11 
 
 Wr. 51. 
 Competency of witnesses in, 10 II. 321. 
 Defence to suit against, 4 Wr. 117 ; 9 Wr. 32 ; 10 Wr. 
 48 ; 11 Wr. 442. 
 
 VII. Rights oe directors, 10 H. 820 ; 18 S. 256. 
 As to calls on account of subscription, 18 S. 256. 
 
 VIII. Liability of directors of, 10 H. 320. 
 
 IX. Liability of members. 
 
 1. To strangers, 17 S. & R. 354 ; 8 W. 393 ; 5 Wh. 144; 
 
 7 Barr 240 ; 10 C. 411 ; 12 C. 166 ; 4 Wr. 117 ; 9 
 Wr. 32 ; 10 Wr. 48 ; 11 Wr. 43, 51 ; 12 Wr. 442 ; 8 
 S. 295 
 
 2. To workmen, 14 S. 395. 
 
 3. To each other, 11 Wr. 43. 
 
 4. For acts of officers, 18 S. 256. 
 
 5. Joinder of with company in suit at law, 4 Wr. 117; 
 
 11 Wr. 51; 2 S. 377. 
 
 MANSLAUGHTER. 
 
 1. Definition of, 4 D. 125, 145, 420; 4 Barr 264; 7 C. 
 
 198; 8 S. 10; 11 S. 352. 
 
 2. Conviction for without proper count in indictment, 
 
 8 Wr. 135. 
 
 3. Conviction for on indictment for murder, 7 S. & R. 
 
 423. 
 
 4. Punishment of, 1 S. & R. 139. 
 
 MANUMISSION. 
 
 Contract for, 4 Y. 83, 204 ; 6 B. 206. 
 
 MANUMITTED SLAVE. 
 
 1. Settlement of, 3 B. 22. 
 
 2. Evidence of claim of, 1 S. & R. 175. 
 
 MANURE ON FARM. 
 
 Right of landlord and tenant to, 1 W. & S. 509 ; 2 W. & S. 
 22 ; 5 W. & S. 157 ; 5 Barr 211 ; 5 H. 262. 
 
 MAP. 
 
 When evidence, 1 D. 19. 
 
 MARINE INSURANCE. See Insurance. 
 
MARINER— MAKEIAGE. 513 
 
 MARINER. 
 
 I. Right of, 
 
 1. To WAGES, 1 D. 392 ; 2 D. 170 ; 4 D. 226 ; 1 Y. 148 ; 
 
 2 Y. 3f^2 ; 2 B. 547 ; 12 H. 259. 
 
 2. Action for, 2 Y. 350. 
 
 3. To hold shipmaster to bail for wages, 2 Y. 350. 
 
 II. Liability of. 
 
 1. To forfeit wages, 3 Y. 450; 12 S. & R. 266. 
 
 2. On capture, 3 Y. 445. 
 
 3. On desertion, 9 S. & R. 151. 
 
 III. Custom of, 1 D. 352. 
 
 MARKED LINES. See Land Marks ; Lines ; Survey. 
 
 MARKETABLE TITLE, 10 AV. 8, 363, 413 ; 5 W. & S. 51, 
 311; 7 Wr. 263; 10 Wr. 229; 17 S. 396, 436, 446. 
 
 MARKET HOUSE. 
 
 Power of councils in Philadelphia to regulate, 2 Wr. 203. 
 
 MARKET ORDINANCES. 
 
 1. Power of councils in Philadelphia to enact, 6 W. & 
 
 S. 269; 9 C. 202, 212. 
 
 2. EOKFEITURB UNDER, 5 Wr. 481. 
 
 MARKET OVERT, 1 Y. 478; 2 Y. 347; 5 S. & R. 130; 8 
 S. & R. 500. 
 
 MARKET STALLS. 
 
 Interest of tenant in, 2 Wr. 203. 
 
 MARRIAGE. 
 
 1. Contract of, discussed, 2 D. 203; 6 B. 405; 1 R. 78; 
 
 1 P. & W. 452; 2 W. 9, 11 ; 7 Barr 413; 11 C. 13; 7 
 Wr. 67 ; 8 Wr. 309 ; 3 S. 132. 
 
 2. Publication of banns, 5 R. 209 ; 2 W. 9. 
 
 3. Within degrees of consanguinity, 8 Wr. 309; 20 S. 
 
 392. 
 
 4. Acts of 1700 and 1729 relative to, construed, 5 R. 
 
 209; 2 W. 10. 
 
 5. Conditions in restraint of, 6 W. 88; 3 Wh. 585; 10 
 
 Barr 75, 350; 2 J. 197; 11 C. 100; 2 Wr. 422; 3 Gr. 
 310. 
 
 6. Contracted on Sunday, validity of, 2 H. 417. 
 
 7. Proof op, 2 S. & R. 475; 8 S. & R. 328; 5 R. 211 ; 1 
 
 P. & W. 450, 452; 10 W. 82 ; 4 Barr 145; 2 H. 417 ; 
 S3 
 
514 MAREIAGE. , 
 
 MARUIAGB— continued. 
 
 1 C. 326; 8 C. 511; 11 C. 13, 157; 3 S. 132; 10 S. 
 228; 11 S. 361; 16 S. 113. 
 
 8. Effect of misrepresentation as to fact of, 3 Wr. 299; 
 
 12 Wr. 497. 
 
 9. Illegal, 2 Y. 207; 11 H. 104; 7 Wr. 67; 8 Wr. 309 
 
 10. Validity depends on lex loci, 10 W. 158, 168. 
 
 Conveyance to trustees when a fraud on marital right, 7 
 Wr..67. 
 
 11. Validity not to be determined collaterally, 11 C. 13. 
 
 12. Destruction of written contract, effect of, 2 H. 417. 
 
 13. Effect of. 
 
 On previous will, 3 B. 398; 8 H. 205 ; 2 0. 202, 209; 
 
 10 C. 483 ; 11 Wr. 144. 
 On annuity previously granted, 3 Wh. 575. 
 On rights and liabilities of parties generally, 8 W. & S. 
 
 433. 
 On settlement of pauper, 3 H. 182. 
 On warrant to confess judgment, 11 C. 146. 
 As a consideration for contract, 9 S. 190. 
 
 14. Agreement relative to. 
 
 Bond with condition to marry obligee, 11 C. 13. 
 When void, 1 J. 316. 
 
 15. Action for breach of. 
 
 Duty of plaintiff in, 12 H. 44. 
 
 Evidence in, 8 W. & S. 27, 29; 2 Barr 80 : 1 H. 331 : 
 8 H. 287 ; 12 H. 44, 401 ; 2 C. 509 ; 1 J. 316, 318. 
 Survivorship in, 13 S. & R. 181. 
 Power of jury in, 12 H. 44, 401. 
 Damages in, 1 J. 316. 
 Verdict in, 8 W. & S. 27. 
 
 16. Creation of trust for benefit of feme sole in con- 
 
 templation OF marriage, 14 S. 214, 215. See Trusts, 
 II. 2. 
 
 17. Of minor, 1 Y. 405; 14 S. & R. 287 ; 3 R. 305, 311; 5 
 
 R. 124, 209 ; 2 W. 9 ; 10 W. 82 ; 7 W. & S. 362; 1 Barr 
 403,431; 10 C. 324. 
 
 18. Of apprentice, 2 Y. 321 ; 3 R. 305. 
 
 19. Deed of trust in fraud of, 7 Wr. 67 ; 3 Gr. 289 ; 7 S. 
 
 120. 
 
 20. Incestuous Act of 1815, relative to, construed, 8 Wr. 
 
 309 ; 20 S. 392. 
 
 21. Vitiated by fraud, 7 Wr. 67. 
 
 22. Relation not destroyed by desertion, 5 S. 344. 
 
MAREIAGE CEKTIFICATE, &c. 515 
 
 MARRIAGE CERTIFICATE. 
 When evidence, 6 C. 511. 
 
 MARRIAGE, ARTICLES OF SEPARATION. 
 
 1. Binding effect of agreement for, 6 Wh. 571 ; 8 W. 
 
 & S. 102 ; 3 Barr 100 ; 11 C. 357 ; 2 Gr. 413 ; 4 S. 110. 
 
 2. Effect of. 
 
 On will of wife, 7 Barr 411. 
 
 On rights of widow, 11 C. 357. 
 
 On rights of wife, 2 S. & R. 491; 17 S. & R. 361; 4 
 R. 177; 7 W. 83; 9 W. 336; 6 Wh. 571; 6 W. & 
 S. 346; 7 Barr 411 ; 11 C. 357; 16 S. 360. 
 
 3. Reconciliation after, 12 H. 88 ; 4 S. 110. 
 
 4. Not decreed in equity, 2 Gr. 413. 
 
 5. Enforced in equity, 6 Wh. 571. 
 
 6. Action op court in relation to, 2 Gr. 413. 
 
 7. Abandonment of articles of separation, 4 S. 110. 
 
 MARRIAGE SETTLEMENTS AND CONTRACTS. 
 
 1. Parol, when valid, 4 W. & S. 546 ; 13 Wr. 29 ; 15 S. 191. 
 
 2. What may be subject of, 2 Barr 325. 
 
 3. Proof of, 4 W. & S. 546; 8 C. 511. 
 
 4. By minor, 4 C. 73. 
 
 5. Good faith required in, 2 Y. 109 ; 3 Gr. 289 ; 7 S. 
 
 120; 12 S. 325; 14 S. 122. 
 
 6. When valid, 4 D. 304, 305 ; 8 W. & S. 102 ; 6 Wh. 571 ; 
 
 3 Barr 100 ; 2 H. 417 ; 7 H. 77, 252 ; 4 C. 73 ; 11 C. 
 357; 9 Wr. 198; 13 Wr. 29; 2 Gr. 413; 4 S. 110; 7 
 S. 120; 12 S. 324; 14 S. 126; 15 S. 191. 
 
 7. When void, 4 D. 305, 306; 2 H. 417; 8 C. 269; 9 Wr. 
 
 198; 7 S. 120; 15 S. 191. 
 
 8. Notice op, 2 Y. 259; 11 H. 440. 
 
 9. Ratification of, 4 C. 74. 
 
 10. Enforcement of, 5 Wh. 44 ; 8 W. & S. 103 ; 7 H. 252. 
 
 11. Construction of, 10 S. & R. 300; 1 R. 78; 4 W. & S. 
 
 546; 3 Barr 105; 10 Barr 391; 1 H. 352; 2 H. 417; 3 
 H. 429; 7 H. 78, 252; 'j H. 436; 12 H. 327; 4 C. 73; 
 7 S. 120. 
 
 12. Power of wife over, 8 C. 419; 12 S. 324. 
 
 13. Effect of mortgage on land secured by, 9 H. 436. 
 
 14. Effect of on descent of real estate, 4 C. 73. 
 
 15. Effect of on interest of husband, 1 R. 78 ; 4 W. & S. 
 
 546; 10 Barr 391; 4 C. 73. &'ee Husband. 
 
516 MAfiKIED WOMEN. 
 
 MARRIAGE SETTLEMENTS, kc— continued. 
 
 16. Effect of on wife's right to real estate, 1 Y. 221 ; 4 
 
 W. & S. 546; 1 Barr 111 ; 7 H. 78, 252. 
 
 17. Effect of as to survivorship, 10 Barr 391; 11 C. 357. 
 
 18. Effect of on creditors of husband, 12 S. 324. 
 
 19. Effect of on will of wife, 7 Barr 411. 
 
 20. Effect of cancellation of, 2 H. 417. 
 
 MARRIED WOMEN. 
 1. Rights and powers of. 
 
 To protection of court, 1 B. 358; 2 S. & R. 189; 9 W. 
 90; 6 W. & S. 346 ; 3 Barr 100 ; 10 Barr 211; 1 
 J. 272; 7 H. 402; 2 C. 277; 20 S. 496. 
 
 To transact business in her own name, 6 Barr 61 ; 1 J. 
 272; IH. 480; 6 H. 365; 9 H. 355 ; 12H. 80; 
 2 C. 202; 5 0. 43; 9 C. 118, 525; 12 C. 410; 6 
 Wr. 311 • 8 Wr. 193 ; 5 S. 438 ; 7 S. 429 ; 9 S. 13. 
 
 To act as agent for husband, 1 Gr. 21 ; 3 S. 271; 20 S. 
 181. 
 
 To employ husband as agent in business, 7 S. 429. 
 
 To prove nonaccess, 1 Y. 377; 6 B. 283; 4 S. 110. 
 
 To acquire, hold and dispose of separate estate, 1 Y. 
 432- 6 B. 427 ; 1 S. & R. 275 ; 2 S. & R. 493 ; 6 
 S. & R. 468; 10 S. & R. 208; 17 S. & R. 298; 1 
 R. 231, 247; 3 R. 199; 4 R. 66, 68; 9 W. 137; 2 
 Wh. 11; 3Wh. 48, 309; 4 Wh. 126, 445, 475; 5 
 Wh. 138; 6 Wh. 571; 4 W. & S. 95; 5 W. & S. 
 494 ; 8 W. & S. 413, 433 ; 1 Barr 111 ; 3 Barr 100, 
 105 ; 4 Barr 93, 228 ; 5 Barr 154, 157, 387 ; 6 Barr 
 61; 7 Barr 185, 424, 427, 530; 4 H. 856; 7 H. 
 402; 8 II. 308; 9 H. 349; 10 H. 381; 12 H. 253, 
 429; 1 C. 326; 3 0. 469; 5 G. 43; 7 C. 228; 12 
 C. 383, 410; 1 Wr. 155, 247, 433, 508; 2 Wr. 277 ; 
 4 Wr. 37, 90, 140, 194; 6 Wr. 311; 7 Wr. 363; 
 8 Wr. 43, 78. 193, 224, 307, 413; 9 Wr. 89, 522, 
 530 ; 10 Wr. 342; 11 Wr. 220, 307 ; 12 Wr. 103, 
 345, 382; 13 Wr. 129, 161, 231; 14 Wr. 138, 368, 
 375, 382; 4 S. 75, 245; 5 S. 437, 468; 7 S. 369; 
 10 S. 419 ; 11 S. 320, 321 ; 12 S. 206 ; 16 S. 242 ; 
 17 S. 454; 18 S. 421; 20 S. 176. 
 
 As endorsee of husband, 3 H. 185; 11 Wr. 268. 
 
 To have trustee over separate estate, 10 H. 164; 11 S. 
 320. 
 
 To transfer property to husband bv gift, 3 Wh. 48; 7 0. 
 450; 8Wr. 43, 413; 9Wr.'530; 14 Wr. 382 ; 5 
 S. 414 ; 10 S. 408 ; 15 S. 101. See Husband, VII. 
 
MARRIED WOMEN. 517 
 
 MARRIED WOM.E'N— continued. 
 To administer, 15 S. 311. 
 To act as trustee, 11 C. 273. 
 As against her husband's estate, 14 S. & R. 64 ; 15 S. & 
 
 R. 84; 9 W. 529; 3 Wh. 48; 14 Wr. 375. 882 ; 2 
 
 S. 412; 12 S. 206; 15 S. 191. 
 To have trustee removed or substituted, 10 H. 164; 18 
 
 S. 101. 
 To hold bond against husband without trustee, 8 W. & S. 
 
 433; 11 Wr. 307. 
 To collect debt due by husband, 14 S. & R. 64; 15 S 
 
 & R. 84; 9 W. 529; 3 Wh. 48; 6 Wh. 572 ; 7 W 
 
 & S. 83; 6 Barr 61 ; 7 0. 396, 454; 4 Wr. 90 ; i 
 
 Wr. 170; 9 Wr. 522; 11 Wr. 307; 12 Wr. 103 
 
 14 Wr. 138. 
 To collect debt due bv husband and partner, 4 Wr. 98 
 
 2 S. 412; 12 S.^l^o. 
 As surety of husband, 4 H. 137. 
 Under post nuptial contract, 8 W. & S. 102, 413. 
 To transfer mortgage, 3 0. 212; 18 S. 320. 
 To extinguish mortgage, 4 Wr. 37, 209. 
 To repudiate husband's confession of judgment in eject- 
 ment, 7 S. 410. 
 To repudiate transfer of mortgage by trustee, 4 Wr. 209. 
 To prevent voluntary disposition of her personal property 
 
 by husband, 6 W. & S. 85; 9 S. 281; 18 S. 495. " 
 To repudiate entry of satisfaction on mortgage, 1 Wr. 
 
 448; 1 S. 63; 17 S. 428. 
 To bind husband by contract. See Husband, VI. 4. 
 To restrain husband's creditors from selling her real 
 
 estate, 4 Wr. 194; 11 S. 16, 424. 
 To execute and deliver receipt, 7 H. 194 ; 15 S. 383. 
 To security before payment to husband of share in ances- 
 tor's estate, 4 D. 304; 6 S. & R. 267; 9 W. 529; 
 
 2 Wh. 246; 1 J. 272; 4 H. 353; 11 H. 85; 2 C. 
 
 388; 19 S. 219. 
 To contest fraudulent acts of husband, 5 Barr 216; 11 
 
 Wr. 307 ; 7 S. 410. 
 After desertion, 10 S. & R. 445; 17 S. & R. 13U; S W. 
 
 403; 6 Barr 61; 10 Barr 193, 212; 4 H. 484; 2 
 
 C. 233; 5 C. 385; 12 S. 206; 16 S. 360, 366. 
 Application of Statute of Limitations to claims against 
 
 husband, 9 H. 379 ; 4 Wr. 90. 
 After divorce or separation, 2 S. & R. 491; 17 S. & R. 
 
 361; 4 R. 177; 7 W. 83; 9 W. 336; 6 AVh. 571 ; 
 
 6 W. & S. 346; 7 Barr 411; 11 0. 357; 16 S. 360. 
 
518 MARRIED WOMEN. 
 
 MARRIED WOM'E'N— continued. 
 
 To sue for divorce, 1 W. 63. See Divorce. 
 
 Over property held in trust for her, 11 C. 134. See 
 
 Cestui que trust. 
 To release claim to property of husband, 1 S. & R. 275 ; 
 
 7Barr 287; 19 S. 194. 
 To become party to suit, 4 Y. 127 ; 1 B. 575 ; 3 B. 556 ; 
 
 10 S. & R. 208 ; 14 S. & R. 64, 152 ; 15 S. & R. 
 84; 17 S. & R. 298; 2 P. & W. 410; 1 W. 233; 6 
 W. 301; 8 W. 412; 9 W. 529; 8 Wh. 48; 7 W. & 
 S. 83; 1 Barr 176; 5 Barr 103; 6 Barr 71; 1 H. 
 480; 4 H. 134; 8 H. 159; 9 H. 402; 10 H. 381; 
 
 3 C. 226; 5 0. 465; 7 C. 396; 12 C. 383; 1 Wr. 
 130; 1 Gr. 21; 20 S. 9. 
 
 To appeal from award, 1 S. & R. 492; 2 P. & W. 475; 
 
 4 H. 134; 11 C. 384, 389: 1 Wr. 130, 251. 
 
 To testify, 1 D. 28; 1 Y. 576; 2 Y. 115; 6 B. 500 ; 16 
 
 S. & R. 214; 5 W. 404; 10 Wr. 186; 4 S. 110. 
 To take assignment of bond, 15 S. 430. 
 To purchase on credit and hold against creditors, 13 Wr. 
 
 129, 231; 3 S. 400. 
 To notice by surety on note to sue principal, 11 Wr. 
 
 268. 
 To revive judgment by confession on scire facias, 11 
 
 Wr. 67. 
 To take real estate by conveyance, 2 Barr 67 ; 1 H. 344 ; 
 
 5 0. 43; 1 Wr. 438; 4 Wr. 90; 6 Wr. 511; 8 Wr. 
 45, 78, 413; 9 Wr. 89, 198; 11 Wr. 309; 12 Wr. 
 382; 13 Wr. 129; 3 Gr. 150; 1 S. 452; 3 S. 400, 
 403; 4 S. 17, 302; 6 S. 228; 7 S. 369; 13 S. 284; 
 18 S. 297; 19 S. 21. ,S'ee Deed. 
 
 To take gift or conveyance from husband, 1 R. 455 ; 6 
 Wh. 571; 7 W. & S. 238; 2 Barr 67; 1 Wr. 438; 
 8 Wr. 43, 413; 9 Wr. 89, 198, 5-30; 10 Wr. 248; 
 
 11 Wr. 220; 13 Wr. 29, 129; 14 Wr. 375, 382; 1 
 S. 452; 4 S. 17; 8 S. 386; 13 S. 284; 19 S. 21. 
 
 To convey real estate, 1 D. 11, 17; IB. 237, 470; 2 B. 
 341; 6 B. 435; 5 S. & R. 289, 523; 6 S. & R. 49, 
 143; 11 S. & R. 320, 321, 382; 15 S. & R. 383; 1 
 R. 231; 9 W. 137; 2 Wh. 11; 3 Wh. 309; 4 Wh. 
 453: 8 W. & S. 413; 4 Barr 228; 6 Barr 414; 7 
 Barr 233, 287, 530; 9 Barr 14; 2 J. 274, 276; 1 
 H. 344; 4 H. 484; 6 H. 79, 506, 508; 7 H. 361; 
 
 12 H. 18, 253; 1 C. 81, 142, 326; 3 C. 22, 170, 
 213, 292; 5 C. 385; 9 0. 118; 11 C. 384; 1 Wr. 
 89; 4 Wr. 37, 140; 8 Wr. 224, 413; 10 Wr. 445, 
 455; 12 Wr. 130, 345; 2 Gr. 84; 2 S. 400, 402; 3 
 S. 167; 4 S. 302; 7 S. 369; 8 S. 493. See Deed. 
 
MARKIED WOMEN. 519 
 
 MARRIED WOMElSi— continued. 
 
 To revoke deed before delivery, 1 H. 85. 
 To encumber real estate. 
 
 By judgment, 1 R. 231; 3 P. & W. 72; 3 Wh. 309; 2 
 Barr 234; 5 Barr 21; 2 H. 540; 6 H. 79, 82; 7 
 I-I. 402; 9 H. 436; 12 H. 18, 491; 1 0. 81; 3 C. 
 218, 504; 8 C. 85; 9 C. 525; 4 Wr. 57, 140, 209; 
 6 Wr. 125; 7 Wr. 63; 11 Wr. 67; 1 Gr. 402; 8 
 S. 493; 15 S. 383; 17 S. 436,441,442,453, 
 454. 
 By mortgage, 3 Y. 471; 1 R. 231; 9 W. 138; 3 Wh. 
 457; 4 W. & S. 95; 8 W. & S. 413; 5 Barr 21; 
 6 Barr 61 ; 2 H. 542; 4 H. 134, 532; 9 H. 436; 
 12 H. 18, 491 ; 1 C. 82 ; 3 C. 213, 504 ; 12 C. 
 134; 3 Wr. 299; 4 Wr. 37, 140, 209; 8 Wr. 193, 
 224; 4 S. 120; 8 S. 493; 15 S. 382. 
 By confession of judgment on mortgage or mechanics' 
 lien, 7 H. 402 ; 9 H. 436 ; 1 Gr. 402; 4 S. 120; 
 17 S. 454. 
 To repudiate contract for sale of land, 10 Wr. 455 ; 2 
 
 S. 400. 
 To revive judgment on amicable scire facias, 11 Wr. 
 
 67. 
 To assign interest in father's estate for debts of hus- 
 band, 12 C. 131. 
 To empower husband to convey real estate, 3 C. 292. 
 To lease real estate, 6 B. 427; 4 R. 123. 
 To action for defamation, 1 Wr. 130 ; 9 Wr. 403 ; 2 Gr. 
 
 39. See Slander. 
 To make will, 2 D. 199, 204 ; 4 D. 115; 1 Y. 221, 225; 
 10 S. & R. 445, 448; 5 W. 399 ; 2 Wh. 11; 6 Wh. 
 571,577; 1 Barr 111; 5 Barr 21; 7 Barr 411; 8 
 H. 205; 2 G. 202; 8 Wr. 466. 
 To ratify parol agreement for partition, 1 W. 292 ; 12 
 
 Wr. 345. 
 To defend against proceeding for specific performance, 7 
 
 W. 107. 
 To unite with co-tenant in partition, 3 R. 420; 3 W. & 
 
 S. 520. 
 To release land damages, 11 S. 381. 
 By survivorship, 2 S. & R. 491 ; 1 R. 279, 452 ; 4 R. 
 468; 1 W. 255; 6 W. 131; 5 Wh. 142; 1 W. & 
 S. 517; 1 Barr 327, 329; 2 Barr 71, 470; 3 
 Barr 235; 11 H. 460; 3 C. 505; 15 S. 472. 
 Right of heirs of to land accepted on partition of husband, 
 1 C. 152. 
 
520 MARRIED WOMEN. 
 
 MARRIED WOMEN— continued. 
 
 2. Effect of Act of 1848 on. See Husband and Wife 7. 
 
 3. General legal disability of, discussed, 3 Wr. 299 ; 12 
 
 Wr. 497; 1 Gr. 21 ; 1 S. 124; 8 S. 494, 495 ; 15 S. 383. 
 
 4. Bond of, 4 D. 115; 3 Wh. 308, 309 ; 2 H. 540 ; 6 H. 79, 
 
 82; 8 C. 85; 2 Wr. 146; 3 Wr. 299; 4 Wr. 140; 6 
 Wr. 325; 7 Wr. 63; 1 Gr. 465; 8 S. 493; 15 S. 383. 
 
 5. Judgment of. See ante 1. 
 
 6. Mortgage op. See ante 1. 
 
 7. Parol contracts of, 4 D. 115 ; 1 Wh. 521 ; 3 Wh. 308, 
 
 392; 10 Barr 505; 6 H. 79; 12 H. 80, 429; 1 C. 326; 
 6 C. 504; 8 C. 85, 432; 9 C. 525; 11 C. 384; 3 Wr. 
 299; 10 Wr. 441, 455; 12 Wr. 493, 497; 1 Gr. 21; 3 
 Gr. 296; 2 S. 400; 8 S. 493; 9 S. 479; 17 S. 436. 
 
 8. Lease by, 6 B. 427; 4 R. 123. 
 
 9. Receipt by, 7 H. 194 ; 15 S. 383. 
 
 10. Bequest in trust for, 10 Barr 220, 423 ; 11 C. 134 ; 8 
 
 Wr. 279 ; 3 S. 106 ; 7 S. 353. 
 Bequest in lieu of dower, 9 W. 263. 
 
 11. Devise to. 
 
 Effect on course of descent, 13 Wr. 373 ; 7 S. 504, 571. 
 In trust for, 4 Wh. 126 ; 4 Barr 228 ; 9 H. 72 ; 9 C. 85 ; 
 
 9 Wr.- 216; 12 Wr. 351; 13 Wr. Ill, 241 ; 14 Wr. 
 
 143 ; 4 S. 245, 304 ; 7 S. 504 ; 11 S. 320. 
 
 12. Conveyance in trust for, construed, 1 R. 231 ; 9 W. 
 
 137; 3 Wh. 520; 5 Wh. 123; 4 W. & S. 595; 1 Barr 
 113 ; 4 Barr 93, 228 ; 2 H. 361 ; 3 0. 75 ; 6 C. 186 ; 7 
 C. 149 ; 9 C. 87 ; 8 Wr. 279 ; 9 Wr. 168 ; 10 Wr. 342 ; 
 12 Wr. 351 ; 13 Wr. Ill, 241 ; 14 Wr. 143, 308 ; 3 S. 
 106 ; 4 S. 148, 205, 207, 215, 245 ; 6 S. 228, 389 ; 10 
 S. 492, 501. 
 
 13. Conveyance to by husband, 1 R. 455; 6 Wh. 571; 7 W. 
 
 & S. 238; 2 Barr 67; 1' Wr. 438; 8 Wr. 45, 413; 9 
 Wr. 89, 198, 530; 10 Wr. 248; 11 Wr. 220; 13 Wr. 29, 
 129; 14 Wr. 275, 382; 1 S. 452; 4 S. 17; 8 S. 386; 13 
 S. 284 ; 19 S. 21. See Husband, VIII. 
 
 14. Conveyance of trust estate by, 1 R. 231 ; 8 Wr. 224 ; 
 
 3 S. 400; 6 S. 389; 7 S. 432. 
 
 15. Mortgage in trust for, 1 Wr. 448 ; 4 Wr. 209 ; 1 S. 93. 
 
 16. Resulting trust in favor of. 
 
 Proof of, 3 Wr. 463. 
 
 When and when not sustained, 9 W. 137 ; 4 W. & S. 95 ; 
 
 1 Barr 113 ; 4 Barr 93 ; 3 Wr. 463 ; 4 S. 245 ; 14 
 
 S. 205, 207. 
 
MAKBIED WOMEN. 521 
 
 MARRIED WOM^^— continued. 
 
 17. Earnings of. 
 
 Right of husband's creditors to, 7 W. 547 ; 8 H. 311 ; 2 
 C. 233 ; 11 C. 375 ; 1 Wr. 247 ; 2 Wr- 277 ; 3 Wr. 
 129; 18 Wr. 129, 231; 14 Wr. 266 ; 5 S. 437; 10 
 S. 419. 
 
 18. Estoppel of by silence, 1 Gr. 114. See Estoppel. 
 
 19. Mortgage to secure separate estate. See Mortgage, 
 
 III. 5. 
 
 20. Liability of. 
 
 For purchase-money, 2 H. 540; 6 H. 79 ; 1 C. 81; 4 
 
 Wr. 140; 8 Wr. 193. See ante 1. 
 For debts contracted before marriage, 1 J. 172: 1 H. 
 
 480; 8 C. 85, 432; 9 C. 529; 1 Gr. 465. 
 For torts, 12 Wr. 497. 
 For misconduct of husband, 11 Wr. 220. 
 On covenant of warranty, 5 W. 404, 406 ; 7 S. 420. 
 On recognisance in Orphans' Court, 16 S. & R. 60 ; 5 
 
 W. 205. 
 For necessaries, 6 C. 504; 8 0. 85, 432, 434; 9 C. 525; 
 
 11 C. 384 ; 12 H. 80 ; 1 Wr. 250, 251 ; 1 Gr. 21 ; 3 
 Gr. 146; 1 S. 80; 5 S. 386; 7 S. 328; 10 S. 430 ; 
 19 S. 169: 20 S. 496. 
 
 For repairs and improvements of her own property, 5 S. 
 
 386; 17 S. 436, 453; 18 S. 208. 
 For rent, 2 Wr. 344 ; 8 Wr. 78. 
 On misrepresentation as to fact of mari'iage, 3 Wr. 299 ; 
 
 12 Wr. 497. 
 
 For debt contracted by husband, 4 Y. 79 ; IB. 318, 
 575; 15 S. & R. 77; 1 P. & W. 35 ; 1 W. 229; 2 
 W. 90 ; 5 W. 181 ; 10 W. 54 ; 1 Wh. 87, 179, 514 ; 
 3 Wh. 415; 5 Wh. 117 ; 3 W. & S. 349; 8 W. & 
 S. 413 ; 5 Barr 388 ; " Barr 185 ; 4 H. 387 ; 9 H. 
 345; 12 C. 131, 134; 3 Wr. 463; 4 Wr. 194; 6 
 Wr. 311; 8 Wr. 78, 193; 5 S. 386; 9 S. 13 ; 10 
 S. 430; 17 S. 70; 20 S. 500. 
 
 To account to creditors of husband, for labor of husband 
 and minor children, 5 S. 438. 
 
 On joint conveyance with husband. See Deed. 
 
 On parol partition of land, 1 W. 292 ; 12 Wr. 345. 
 
 On husband's transfer of her choses in action. See Hus- 
 band, I. 1. 
 
 On recovery in ejectment against husband, 9 H. 402 ; 8 
 Wr. 466. 
 
 To sale on execution of her trust estate, 1 Wh. 521. 
 
 To judgment on scire facias under 'two nihils, 4 S. 120. 
 
522 MAREIED WOMEN— MASTER. 
 
 MARRIED WOM.Bl<i— continued. 
 
 On notice served on husband, 4 Wr. 472. 
 
 On release of dower. See Dower 27. 
 
 On husband's assignment for creditors. See Husband, 
 
 XVI. 
 For devastavit of husband, 3 Wr. 218. 
 On plea of Statute of Limitations against her claim on 
 
 husband's estate, 3 H. 379 : 4 Wr. 90. 
 To taxation, 8 S. 219. See Taxation. 
 On admissions and declarations, 3 P. & W. 34; 3 Barr 
 
 496 ; 6 H. 506 ; 4 Wr. 9. 
 
 MARSHALLING ASSETS. 
 
 Decree of m equity, 2 R. 2.52; 4 Barr 497 ; 10 Barr 387. 
 See Subrogation. 
 
 MARSHALLING SECURITIES. 
 Between creditor, 1 Wr. 71. 
 
 MARSHALL OF UNITED STATES. 
 
 I. Official recognition of in State Courts, 2 Gr.l68. 
 
 II. Power of. 
 
 1. To distribute prize money, 2 D. 37. 
 
 2. Under process of court, 2 Gr. 168. 
 
 III. Liability of. 
 
 To return writs, 2 D. 202. 
 
 MARSH LANDS. 
 In Philadelphia. 
 
 Reduction of taxation on, 3 Wr. 355. 
 
 MARYLAND. 
 
 1. Boundary line op, 2 Y. 515 ; 1 B. 399 ; 3 Wr. 468. 
 
 2. Acknowledgment op deeds in, 3 Y. 424. 
 
 3. Acts of Assembly of, 5 B. 355. 
 
 4. Admiralty jurisdiction of courts of, 8 D. 16. 
 
 5. Execution from general court of, 3 D. 342. 
 
 6. Insolvent laws of, 1 D. 281, 294 ; 2 Y. 533. 
 
 7. Warrant and survey from land office in, 1 B. 399. 
 
 8. Letters of administration in, 4 D. 292. 
 
 9. Effect of laws op on titles in Washington, 5 B. 355. 
 
 MASTER. 
 I. Rights. 
 
 1. To keep apprentice within state, 6 B. 202. 
 
 2. To SUB FOR MARRYING APPRENTICE, 2 Y. 821. 
 
MASTEE— M'KEAN. 523 
 
 MASTER — continued. 
 
 11. Liability of, 4 Wh. 143 ; 5 Barr 269, 2T2 ; 7 C. 319; 
 10 Wr. 213; 2 Gr. 43; 11 S. 68; 20 S. 119, 477. 
 
 MASTER IN CHANCERY. 
 
 1. When case to be referred to, 8 S. 187 ; 18 S. 130. 
 
 2. What to be referred to, 18 S. 130. 
 
 3. Nature of proceedings before, 18 S. 130. 
 
 4. Report of, who bound by, 13 Wr. 507. 
 
 5. Conclusiveness of, 18 S. 130. 
 
 6. Testimony before, when read in court, 1 H. 292; 3 Wr. 
 
 495. 
 
 7. Allowance of fees to, 4 Wr. 385. See Equity. 
 
 MASTER OE VESSEL. See Shipmaster. 
 
 MATE OF VESSEL. 
 
 Remedy for injury to, 1 D. 193. 
 
 MATERIAL AVERMENTS. See Declaration. 
 
 "MAY." 
 
 When equivalent to "shall," 14 S. & R. 429. 
 
 MAYOR OF PHILADELPHIA. 
 
 1. Validity of grant to for cemetery, 4 Y. 272, 379. 
 
 2. Authority of, over real estate of city, 13 Wr. 530. 
 
 3. Appointment of clerk of, 2 D. 185. 
 
 4. Power of, to enforce ordinances, 2 Y. 501. 
 
 5. Warrant op, 3 Y. 478. 
 
 6. Salary of, 6 S. & R. 323. 
 
 7. Writ of error to court of, 4 B. 414. 
 
 MAYHEM. 
 
 1. Indictment for, 1 Y. 415; 3 Y. 382. 
 
 2. Act of April 23, 1794, relative to, construed, 1 Y. 
 
 415. 
 
 M'KEAN COUNTY BANK. 
 Charter of, construed, 8 C. 185. 
 
 M'KEAN, JAMES B. 
 
 Appointment of, as attorney-general, 2 Y. 577. 
 
 M'KEAN, THOMAS. 
 
 Appointment of, as judge, 1 Y. 1. 
 
524 MEADE ET AL.— MECHANICS' LIEN LAW. 
 
 MEADE AND OTHERS. 
 
 1. Settlement on land op, 7 S. & R. 103. 
 
 2. Act of Assembly to compensate, construed, 3 Y. 67, 70. 
 
 MEADVILLE SEMINARY. 
 
 Action to recover subscription to, 13 S. & R. 281. 
 
 MEASURE. 
 
 1. Standard, when implied in coijtract, 7 Wr. 134. 
 
 2. Of lumber. See Lumber. 
 
 3. Of water right. See Riparian Owners. 
 
 4. Of damages. See Damages. 
 
 MECHANIC. 
 
 Liability for work undertaken by, 8 H. 130. 
 
 MECHANICS' LIEN LAW. 
 
 I. Must be strictly, construed, 8 W. 141, 143; 1 Wr. 
 125 ; 6 Wr. 68. 
 
 1. Act of 1803, construed, as to party entitled to 
 
 LIEN, property SUBJECT TO, AND REMEDY FOR COL- 
 LECTION, 3 S. & R. 341. 
 
 2. Act of 1806 and 1808, construed, as to claim against 
 
 owner who was also contractor, name of owner 
 in scire facias, and title of sheriff's vendee 
 where materials and work were furnished and 
 DONE BEFORE AcT OF 1836, 9 W. 522; 2 Barr 363, 
 
 3. Act of 1836, construed, as to nature of proof on 
 
 scire facias, time of operation, extension of lien, 
 form of claim, service of scire facias, amendment, 
 and filing of apportioned claim, and claim for 
 ALTERATIONS, 9 W. 304; 3 W. & S. 258; 2 J. 45; 3 
 H. 265; 1 Wr. 182; 8 Wr. 47. 
 
 4. Act of 1840, construed, as to lien on leasehold 
 
 estate, and title of sheriff's vendee, 4 wr. 63 ; 20 
 S. 98. 
 
 5. Act of 1845, construed, as to retrospective opera- 
 
 tion, form of CLAIM AND PLEA TO SCIRE FACIAS, 5 
 
 Barr 144; 3 Wr. 409; 16 S. 336. 
 
 6. Act of 1856, construed, as to objects for which 
 
 lien may be filed, and what alterations consti- 
 tute a new erection, 1 wr. 182. 
 
 7. Act of 1855, construed, as to additions and alter- 
 
 ations, 5 S. 121; 12 S. 9; 18 S. 432. 
 
 8. Act of 1858, construed, as to proof of work done, 
 
 6 Wr. 68; 4 S. 192; 20 S. 98. 
 
MECHANICS' LIEN LAW. 525 
 
 MECHANICS' LIEN LAM —continued. 
 
 9. Act op 1861, construed, as to lien on leasehold 
 estates and repairs, 17 s. 183. 
 
 10. Act of 1865, construed, as to lien on leasehold 
 
 ESTATES, 20 S. 98, 101. 
 
 11. Act of 1868, construed, as to lien on leasehold 
 
 ESTATE, 4 S. 192; 12 S. 417; 20 S. 98. 
 
 12. Building. 
 Meaning of, 3 H. 267. 
 
 18. Commencement of building. 
 
 Meaning of, 2 S. & R. 138 ; 13 S. & R. 269 ; 5 R. 291, 
 306. 
 
 14. Completion of building. 
 Meaning of, 10 Barr 413. 
 
 15. New erection. 
 
 Meaning of, 2 Barr 77; 10 Barr 379; 8 H. 520; 6 C. 
 127; 1 Wr. 182, 186; 9 S. 65. 
 
 16. Improvement. 
 Meaning of, 6 Wr. 68, 73. 
 
 II. Buildings and erections subject to, 5 R. 151, 307; 
 
 3 W. 141; 2 Wh. 222; 1 W. & S. 466; 8 W. & S. 
 515; 9 W. & S. 119; 2 Barr 70, 77, 79; 10 Barr 
 252, 379, 381, 413, 416; 6 H. 275; 8 H. 519, 520; 
 12 H. 507; 2 C. 246; 4 C. 156, 161; 11 C. 348; 1 
 Wr. 182; 6 Wr. 68; 7 Wr. 322; 4 S. 192; 5 S. 121; 
 8 S. 382; 9 S. 965; 10 S. 27; 12 S. 9 ; 17 S. 183; 18 
 S. 432. 
 
 III. As to curtilage of buildings, 3 R. 492; 3 W. & S. 
 
 320; 4 C. 156, 161; 7 C. 342, 346. 
 
 IV. As to improvements about mines under Act of 1858, 
 6 Wr. 68; 4 S. 192. 
 
 V. Effect of destruction of property bound by, 2 C. 246 ; 
 
 4 C. 161. 
 
 1. Estates in land subject to. 
 
 Legal, 4 W. & S. 257; 9 W. & S. 119; 3 C. 511. 
 Equitable, 2 P. & W. 101; 7 W. 51, 9 W. 52, 482; 4 
 
 Barr 126, 127 ; 2 H. 118 ; 1 C. 521 ; 2 C. 247 ; 12 
 
 C. 437; 7 Wr. 310. 
 Leasehold, 5 W. 487; 9 W. 52; 4 W. & S. 255 ; 4 Barr 
 
 63; 9 Barr 117; 10 Barr 252; 2 H. 118 ; 1 C. 521 ; 
 
 12 C. 441; 4 Wr. 63; 6 Wr. 68; 7 Wr. 310; 4 S. 
 
 192; 10 S. 399; 12 S. 405, 417; 17 S. 183; 18 
 
 S. 449; 20 S. 98, 101. 
 
526 MECHANICS' LIEN LAW". 
 
 MECHANICS' LIEN hAN^— continued. 
 Tenancy in common, 18 S. 449. 
 Estates of married women, 5 S. 386 ; 17 S. 453. 
 
 vi. eoe what allowed. 
 
 1. Materials delivered but not used, 2 S. & R. 170 
 
 12 S. & R. 301, 303; 10 Barr 413; 6 H. 52; 12 H. 
 508. 
 
 2. Materials ordered but not delivered, 2 S. & R. 
 
 170. 
 
 3. Materials and work at mines, 6 Wr. 68; 4 S. 192. 
 
 4. Wages and board of hands, 12 C. 347. 
 
 5. Balance on bill, 12 W. 195. 
 
 6. Steam engines, 3 W. 140; 10 S. 395. 
 
 7. Beer house kettles, 17 S. & R. 413. 
 
 8. Burr millstones, 5 W. 115. 
 
 9. Machinery, 5 W. 115; 1 Wr. 182. 
 
 10. Shelving, 12 S. & R. 201. 
 
 11. Alterations and additions, 8 W. 515; 2 Barr 77; 10 
 
 Barr 379, 381; 8 Wr. 332. 
 
 12. Materials and work for repairs, 2 Barr 79; 10 
 
 Barr 381. 
 
 13. Hauling materials, 2 Wr. 151. 
 
 14. Must have been done on credit of building, 16 S. 
 
 & R. 66 ; 10 Barr 413. 
 
 15. Materials must have been suitable, 12 H. 508; 3 
 
 C. 511. 
 
 16. Use of materials for out buildings will not de- 
 
 feat LIEN, 1 C. 521. 
 
 VII. How AFFECTED BY OTHER SECURITY, 11 S. & R. 287; 
 
 14 S. & R. 32; 2 R. 316; 5 R. 159; 5 W. 118; 4 W. & 
 S. 257, 263; 2 J. 339; 12 H. 507; 16 S. 363. 
 
 VIII. Effect of agreement not to file claim, 9 Barr 
 449. 
 
 IX. Effect of agreement to perform contract relative 
 TO materials, 14 S. & R. 32. 
 
 X. Effect of security against liens, 8 Barr 449. 
 
 XI. Commencement of lien, 2 S. & R. 138; 10 Barr 413; 
 2 J. 339; 6 C. 122; 18 S. 449. 
 
 XII. Termination of lien, 5 S. & R. 49 ; 11 S. & R. 234 ; 
 2R. 316; 9 Wh. 574; 8 H. 319. 
 
MECHANICS' LIEN LAW. 527 
 
 MECHANICS' LIEN 'LAM^— continued. 
 XIII. Claim under. 
 
 1. Not a eecord, 1 W. & S. 240; 10 Barr 192; 11 C. 
 
 485. 
 
 2. Must conform to statute, 1 Wr. 125 ; 6 Wr. 68. 
 
 3. May be signed by attorney, 2 J. 45. 
 
 4. Certainty required in, 2 H. 58. 
 
 As to parties, 5 W. 487 ; 5 Wh. 366 ; 2 W. & S. 179; 4 
 
 W. & S. 262 ; 2 Barr 363 ; 6 Barr 187 ; 10 Barr 180 ; 
 
 1 H. 167; 10 S. 395; 12 S. 9; 17 S. 453. 
 As to location and description of property, 12 S. & R. 
 
 301 ; 5 Wh. 308 ; 6 Wli. 187 ; 1 W. & S. 468 ; 4 W. 
 
 & S. 467 ; 1 Barr 499 ; 2 Barr 76 ; 5 Barr 18, 
 
 20; 10 Barr 186; 12 H. 508; 11 C. 349; 5 Wr. 
 
 39; 7 Wr. 322; 3 Gr. 313; 13 S. 203. 
 As to work done, 4 W. & S. 257; 6 W. & S. 520; 8 W. 
 
 & S. 133; 6 Barr 187 ; 7 Barr 394; 8 Barr 473; 
 
 1 H. 495; 2 C. 248; 2 Wr. 151; 3 Gr. 227; 12 S. 
 9; 16 S. 336. 
 
 As to materials furnished, 6 Barr 187; 8 Barr 473 ; 1 H. 
 495; 12 H. 508; 1 C. 621; 3 C. 511; 3 Gr. 227; 
 12 S. 9; 13 S. 191; 16 S. 336. 
 
 As to commencement and completion of work, 11 S. & R. 
 234; 13 S. & R. 269; 5 R. 246; 3 W. & S. 258 
 4 W. & S. 257; 5 W. & S. 262 ; 9 W. & S. 183 
 186 ; 2 Barr 77 ; 5 Barr 18, 21 ; 6 Barr 187 ; 7 Barr 
 394; 8 Barr 463 ; 10 Barr 186 ; 2 J. 45; 1 H. 186 
 
 2 H. 56, 175, 167; 6 H. 160; 4 C. 153, 156; 13 
 S. 200. 
 
 5. Under special contract, 5 W. & S. 537 ; 5 Barr 145 ; 
 
 9 Barr 97, 449; 10 H. 489; 4 C. 153; 12 Wr. 191. 
 
 6. When claim is joint, 6 S. & R. 512 ; 5 R. 291 ; 8 W. 
 
 478 ; 7 W. & S. 381 ; 8 Barr 473; 10 Barr 186 ; 2 J. 
 45 ; 3 H. 265. 
 
 7. Apportionment oe, 5 R. 291 ; 2 Wh. 193, 223; 4 W. 
 
 & S. 259; 7 W. & S. 381; 8 Barr 473; 2 J. 45 ; 1 H. 
 132, 167; 3 H. 265; 5 H. 234; 8 H. 443; 5 C. 330. 
 
 8. Appropriation of payments on, 12 S. & R. 301 ; 1 
 
 W. & S. 402; 12 Wr. 195. 
 
 9. Appropriation of payments on separate buildings, 
 
 12 Wr. 195, 196. 
 
 10. Filing of claim, 11 S. & R. 234; 13 S. & R. 269 ; 5 
 R. 246; 2 W. 228 ; 2 J. 339; 6 H. 160; 7 H. 341, 
 343; 10 H. 489; 4 C. 153; 6 C. 129; 8 Wr. 47; 12 
 Wr. 191; 3Gr. 205; 10 S. 27. 
 
528 MECHANICS' LIEN LAW. 
 
 MECHANICS' LIEN LANi! —continued. 
 
 11. Confession of judgment is not, 8 S. & R. 58 ; 3 Wh. 
 
 332. 
 
 12. Who may file, 2 S. & R. 170; 14 S. & R. 12, 33; 2 R. 
 
 343; 8 W. 478; 2 Wh. 196; 4 W. & S. 257, 259; 
 5 W. & S. 537 ; 6 W. & S. 519 ; 8 W. & S. 133 ; 9 
 W. & S. 183; 8Barr463; 8 H. 446 ; 3 C. 511; 11 C. 
 423: 6 Wr. 68; 12 S. 9; 13 S. 191. 
 
 13. When to be filed, 11 H. 58. 
 
 14. Proof of, 6 C. 122. 
 
 15. After sheriff's sale of property, 5 S. & R. 136; 13 
 
 S. & R. 369; 5 R. 246, 291, 306; 3 Wh. 486; 5 Wh. 
 305; 10 H. 489. 
 
 16. Effect of filing claims. 
 
 As to mortgagee, 2 S. & R. 138; 3 Wr. 504. 
 
 As to remaindermen and reversioners, 1 R. 343; 9 W. 
 
 52; 4 W. & S. 223. 
 As to purchase-money creditors, 4 W. & S. 223 ; 14 Wr. 
 
 258. 
 As to sheriff's vendee, 2 S. & R. 126; 6 S. & R. 512; 13 
 
 S. & R. 369; 5 R. 291, 306; 3 Wh. 485; 5 Wh. 
 
 305; 5Barr 145. 
 As to vendee of builder or owner, 5 Barr 145; 9 Barr 99. 
 As to judgment creditors, 5 Wh. .301. 
 
 17. Amendment of, 10 Barr 133; 3 H. 265; 11 C. 488; 
 
 12 C. 347; 8 Wr. 47. 
 
 18. Power of court over, 5 W. & S. 262 ; 15 P. 74. 
 Striking off lien, 15 S. 74. 
 
 19. When void, 11 C. 130. 
 
 20. Irregular, when valid, 8 Wr. 76 ; 12 Wr. 191. 
 
 21. Invalidity of, how established, 11 S. & R. 234. 
 
 22. Lien not extended by death op defendant, 8 S. 383. 
 
 23. Efect Of division of county on, 1 Gr. 160. 
 XIV. Scire facias on. 
 
 1. Jurisdiction of courts in Philadelphia on, 11 H. 58. 
 
 2. Parties to scire facias, 5 W. 487; 2 Wh. 193; 1 W. 
 
 & S. 24; 4 W. & S. 257, 263; 6 Barr 187; 15 S. 74. 
 
 3. Nature of, 5 W. 487. 
 
 4. On apportioned claim, 4 W. & S. 264. 
 
 5. Barred by judgment for claim, 2 Wh. 118 ; 3 Wh. 
 
 332. 
 
 6. Recovery dobs not depend on interest of defendant 
 
 in the land, 1 Gr. 233. 
 
MECHANICS' LIEN LAW. 529 
 
 MECHANICS' LIEN 1.KW— continued. 
 
 7. Service of writ, 5 Wh. 366 ; 2 J. 45 ; 1 Gr. 75. 
 
 8. Effect of nonsuit in, 10 Barr 133. 
 
 9. Continuance of lien by, 8 H. 319; 1 Wr. 263; 10 
 
 Wr. 372; 1 S. 204; 8 S. 382. 
 
 10. Effect of discontinuance of, 5 Barr 145. 
 
 11. Plea. 
 
 Power of court to strike off, 2 Barr 363. 
 Of payment, issue raised by, 12 C. 347. 
 Of "no lien," effect of, 16'S. 336. 
 
 12. Demurrer to. 
 
 When proper, 12 C. 347; 2 Wr. 471; 16 S. 339, 840. 
 
 13. Trial of. See Scire Facias. 
 
 14. Admissibility of claim in evidence, 16 S. & R. 56; 
 
 12 H. 507. 
 
 15. Competency of witnesses, 2 R. 316 ; 1 W. & S. 462, 
 
 465; 3 W. & S. 221; 4 W. & S. 257: 7 Barr 394; 2 
 H. 118; 12 H. 507; 6 S. 87. 
 
 16. Affidavit of defence in, 2 Barr 348; 4 S. 180. 
 
 17. Evidence in, 11 S. & R. 234; 16 S. & R. 56, 59, 133 
 
 9 W. 304; 2 Wh. 277; 1 W. & S. 462; 3 W. & S 
 258 ; 4 W. & S. 257; 5 W. & S. 377 ; 6 W. & S. 350 
 
 10 Barr 413; 2 H. 175; 3 H. 265, 268; 5 H. 398 
 8 H. 446; 2 Wr. 296; 7 Wr. 322; 12 Wr. 531; 1 Gr. 
 233; 6 S. 87; 12 S. 9; 14 S. 454; 16 S. 339, 340. 
 
 18. Set off in, 3 W. 301; 3 C. 511; 1 H. 181. 
 
 19. Judgment in. 
 
 Ou irregular claim, 5 W. 487; 2 Barr 263; 8 Barr 473. 
 Effect of irregular, 5 Wh. 366. 
 
 20. Costs in, 2 Wh. 121; 7 H. 449. 
 
 21. Execution on, 10 S. 395, 399. 
 
 22. Judicial sale in, 5 W. 487; 7 W. 9, 51 ; 9 W. 52. 
 
 452; 2 Wh. 485; 4 W. & S. 218, 223; 6 W. & S. 
 331,483; 4 Barr 63, 80, 126. 
 
 23. Payment out of proceeds of sale on other lien, 2 
 
 R. 151; 5 W. 487. 
 
 24. Not subject to exemption law, 12 H. 426. 
 
 25. Plaintiff may remit part of verdict on motion for 
 
 NEW TRIAL, 2 Wr. 237. 
 
 26. Distribution of proceeds. See Sheriff's Sale. 
 
 34 
 
530 MEDICAL SERVICES— MERCANTILE TAX LAW. 
 
 MEDICAL SERVICES. 
 
 1. Action for, 7 H. 169. 
 
 2. What will bar, 7 H. 169. 
 
 3. When county liable for, 7 W. 290; 3 Ban- 465; 4Barr 
 
 462; 11 H. 141; 2 C. 156; 10 C. 301. 
 
 MELIOR EST CONDITIO POSSIDENTIS. 
 Application of maxim, 5 S. 215. 
 
 MEMBERS OF CONGRESS. 
 
 1. Who are within the Act of January 11, 1864, 9 S. 19. 
 
 2. Privileges op, 3 D. 478; 4 D. 341; 3 Y. 347. 
 
 3. Right of to compensation for services in the depart- 
 
 ments, discussed, 9 S. 19. 
 
 MEMBERS OF THE LEGISLATURE. 
 
 1. Privileges of, 1 D. 302 ; 3 D. 438 ; 4 D. 107. 
 
 2. Compensation of, 7 W. & S. 16. 
 
 MEMORANDA. 
 
 1. Of settlement. 
 
 Merger of other securities in, 9 W. 280; 3 W. & S. 276; 
 5 Barr 436. 
 
 2. In land office. 
 
 Admissibility of in evidence, 1 D. 5 ; 3 Y. 98 ; 6 Barr 
 179. 
 
 3. Op former surveyor, 5 W. & S. 60. 
 
 4. Op deputy surveyor. See Deputy, VI. 10. 
 
 5. Op days' work kept by witness, 3 Barr 414. 
 
 6. Of witness, 2 S. 308. 
 
 7. In sheriff's sale book, not a record, 13 S. 299. 
 
 8. Effect of on sheriff's sale of land, 13 S. 299. 
 
 MEMORY. 
 
 1. Op witnesses. 
 
 Refreshed by reading paper, 4 S. & R. 499 ; 12 S. & R. 
 328; 1 W. 243; 3 Barr 414 ; 5 Barr 436; 6 Bavr 
 179; 7 Wr. 350; 3 Gr. 187. 
 
 MERCANTILE CASES. 
 Not within strict rules of evidence. See Evidence 15. 
 
 MERCANTILE TAX LAW. 
 
 Meaning of wqrd "dealer " in, 3 C. 494, 495. 
 
MERCEE, BOROUGH OF— MERGER. 531 
 
 MERCER, BOROUGH OF. 
 Power of councils under Act of March 28, 1814, 14 S. & R. 
 447. 
 
 MERCER COUNTY. 
 
 Bonds of, for subscription to railroad, 3 C. 389. 
 
 "MERCHANDISE BOUGHT." 
 Defined, 8 Wr. 426. 
 
 MERCHANDISE BROKER. 
 
 Power of, 6 S. & R. 386. 
 
 MERCHANT'S ACCOUNTS. See Limitation. 
 MERCHANT'S CUSTOM AS TO CREDITS. See Credit. 
 
 MERGER. 
 
 1. Depends on intention, 2 W. 205; 5 W. 456 : 8 W. 138 ; 
 
 4 Wh. 410 ; 1 W. & S. 485; 1 Gr. 75. 
 
 2. Of contracts, 1 S. & R. 294 ; 2 S. & R. 275 ; 5 S. & R. 
 
 421 ; 7 S. & R. 43, 218 ; 8 S. & R. 450, 569; 9 S. & R. 
 78; 10 S. & R. 55; 11 S. & R. 149; 13 S. & R. 136, 
 160; 1 R. 85, 108, 303, 325, 377, 385; 1 P. & W. 417; 
 2 P. & W. 528; 4 W. 405; 8 W. 497 : 9 W. 9, 12; 10 
 W. 422; 3 Wh. 215; 1 W. & S. 83, 442; 7 W. & S. 41 ; 
 1 Barr 208; 8 Barr 269; 9 Barr 133; 10 Barr 490; 2 
 J. 73; 4 H. 25; 2 C. 335,458; 3 C. 123; 8 C. 18; 8 
 Wr. 392; 1 Gr. 226; 12 S. 393. 
 
 3. Of-basement in freehold, 1 C. 161; 2 C. 438; 11 Wr. 
 
 239; 12 S. 252. 
 
 4. Of joint contract in several, 1 P. & W. 375; 4 Barr 
 
 317. 
 
 5. Of securities, 12 H. 495. 
 
 6. Of term of years in fee, 1 R. 132; 5 W. 458. 
 
 7. Of husband's freehold, in right of wife in mortgage 
 
 OF HER reversion, 8 W. 519. 
 
 8. Op mortgage or judgment, ,in judgment on scire 
 
 FACIAS, 8 W. 138; 4 Wh. 410, 421; 2 W. & S. 220; 3 
 W. & S. 28. 
 
 9. Of debts, 12 S. 393. 
 
 10. Of liens IN FEE, 5 W. 457, 458; 7 W. 20; 8 W. 138 ; 4 
 Wh. 421; 1 W. & S. 485; 8 W. & S. 200; 1 Barr 361; 
 7 H. 208 ; 3 Wr. 328 ; 4 Wr. 209 ; 7 Wr. 468 ; 1 Gr. 
 
532 MERGER— MESNE PROFITS. 
 
 MERGER— continued. 
 
 11. Of ground-rent, 7 S. & R. 200; 7 W. 437 ; 3 Wh. 24 ; 
 
 6 Wh. 277 ; 1 H. 16; 8 Wr. 31 ; 10 Wr. 439. 
 
 12. Of estates, 1 R. 132; 5 W. 456; 2 Wh. 419; 6 Wh. 
 
 284, 458; 4 W. & S. 171; 8 W. & S. 153; 7 H. 208; 
 3 C. 62. 
 
 13. Of security for debt in memorandum of settlement, 
 
 9 W. 280; 3 W. & S. 276 ; 5 Barr 436. 
 
 14. Of award in judgment, 3 Wr. 274. 
 
 15. Of interest of cognizor on accepting land in Orphans' 
 
 Court, 11 Wr. 403. 
 
 16. Of right to assumpsit in bond of indemnity, 1 J. 164. 
 
 17. Of ofeences, 1 Y. 6 ; 3 S. & R. 220; 7 S. & R. 489 ; 5 
 
 Barr 60; 1 Gr. 224. 
 
 MESNE PROCESS. 
 Teste of, 2 Y. 342. 
 
 MESNE PROFITS. 
 
 1. Who liable to action for, 3 W. 449; 5 W. 474; 6 W. 
 
 260; 9W. 328; 3 W. & S. 481; 2 Barr 310; 3 Barr 
 93; 10 Barr 198; 3 H. 417, 419; 2 C. 135; 4 C. 135: 
 11 C. 364. 
 
 2. Who entitled to sue for, 6 W. & S. 343; 3 Barr 93; 
 
 2 H. 444; 10 H. 378; 2 C. 135; 11 C. 364. 
 
 3. Action for, 2 D. 156; 3 D. 425, 466, 503; 4 D. 138; 1 
 
 Y. 154, 155; 8 Y. 14; 11 S. & R. 55; 5 W. 474; 6 W. 
 260; 9 W. 328; 3 W. & S. 182; 3 Barr 93; 3H. 417; 
 2 C 135 
 ,Basisofaction,6W.260; 3 Barr 97; 3 H. 417; 2C.135. 
 
 4. Between co-tenants, 5 S. 407. 
 
 5. Evidence in, 1 D. 172; 6 B. 450; 11 S. & R. 55; 2 R. 
 
 49; 2 W. 81; 6 W. 427; 3 W. & S. 182; 2 Barr 202, 
 271; 7 Barr 24; 5 S. 407. 
 
 6. Defalcation for improvements made, 6 W. 428 ; 7 C. 
 
 456; 5 S. 407. 
 
 7. Competency of witnesses in, 1 R. 331. 
 
 8. Abatement of action for, 3 W. 474; 9 W. 328. 
 
 9. Possession of land must precede recovery, 6 W. & S. 
 
 369. 
 
 10. Application of Statute of Limitations to, 2 Y. 279; 
 
 11 H. 265; 10 Wr. 15. 
 
 11. Statement of account sent out with jury, 2 C. 135. 
 
MESNE PROFITS— MILITARY. 533 
 
 MESNE VR0FIT8— continued. 
 
 12. Measure op damages in, 1 D. 138; 1 Y. 182; 3 Y. 13; 
 
 6B. 450; 4 S. & R. 180; 2 W. &S. 308; 10Barrl98; 
 7 C. 456; 1 J. 537; 1 Gr. 254; 18 S. 80, 81. 
 
 13. Interest allowed on, 2 W. & S. 208; 2 Barr 276; 18 
 
 S. 78. 
 
 14. Verdict and judgment in, 6 B. 450; 11 S. & R. 55; 16 
 
 S. &R. 285; 2 Barr 202. 
 
 When there are two defendants, 7 Barr 24. 
 
 15. Effect of non pros, as to one of several defendants, 
 
 7 Barr 24. 
 
 16. When recoverable as damages in ejectment, 4 D. 138 ; 
 
 lY. 156, 159; 3Y. 14; 4Y. 382; 4S. &R. 130; 2 
 P. & W. 159; 2 W. 127; 4 Wh. 230; 2 W. & S. 27; 
 2 Barr 271 ; 3 Barr 93; 3 H. 417. S^e Ejectment. 
 
 METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH. 
 
 Constitution anigovernment of co;isidered, 9 S. 335. 
 
 MIFFLIN COUNTY. 
 
 Boundary of at Juniata river, 4 H. 512. 
 
 MILITARY. 
 
 I. Permits. 
 
 1. Laches of settler under, 1 Y. 245, 290; 2 Y. 224; 
 
 3 Y. 73. 
 
 2. Evidence of improvement under, 8 Y. 72, 73. 
 
 3. Proof of authority under, 1 R. 143. 
 
 4. On line of Pennsylvania and Virginia, 3 D. 425, 
 
 466. 
 
 II. Military courts. 
 
 1. Constitutionality of, 3 S. & R. 163, 176. 
 
 2. Not of record, 2 B. 209. 
 
 8. Jurisdiction and power of. 
 
 To hold prisoners of other states, 3 Y. 37. 
 
 To act without jury, 3 S. & R. 169. 
 
 To enforce decrees, 2 D. 113; 2 B. 209; 3 S. & R. 169; 
 
 4 S. & R. 83. 
 Party may contest after plea of guilty, 3 S. & R. 590. 
 
 4. Process of, 3 S. & R. 169. 
 
 5. Liability of. 
 
 On issuing of warrant, 2 S. & R. 75. 
 On service of process, 6 B. 302; 2 S. & R. 75; 2 R. 
 201. 
 
534 MILITARY— MILLER. . 
 
 MILITARY— continued. 
 
 6. Minutes of, 1 R. 143. 
 
 7. Decree op. 
 
 Conclusiveness of, 2 C. 31. 
 
 When evidence in civil suit, 2 B. 209. 
 
 8. Power of governor over. 
 As to sentence, 2 S. & R. 75. 
 
 To convene court, 3 S. & R. 590. 
 
 9. Certiorari to. See Certiorari. 
 III. Military officers. 
 
 1. Jurisdiction of Supreme Court over, 2 C. 31. 
 
 2. Right to exercise, how tried, 2 C. 31. 
 
 MILITARY SERVICE. 
 
 1. Stay of process against persons in, 8 AYr. 313, 322 ; 
 
 11 Wr. 127 ; 13 Wr. 246. 
 
 2. Right of substitute to compensation, 11 Wr. 492, 518. 
 
 See Bounty Law. 
 MILITIA. 
 
 I. Exemption from duty in, 4 S. & R. 85. 
 
 II. Fines. 
 
 1. When and how collected, 2 D. 113 ; 6 B. 176 ; 3 S. 
 
 & R. 169 ; 4 S. & R. 82 ; 17 S. & R. 148 ; 7 Barr 268. 
 
 2. Decision as to liability for, 4 S. & R. 83. 
 
 3. Form of warrant to collfct, 6 B. 176; 4 S. & R. 83. 
 
 4. Imprisonment for, 4 S. & R. 83. 
 
 5. Property taken for, not subject to replevin, 7 W. 
 
 173. 
 
 6. Exemption from not to bk presumed by collecting 
 
 officer, 1 R. 143. 
 
 7. Liability of county commissioners for not issuing 
 
 WARRANT TO COLLECT, 7 Barr 268. 
 
 8. Duty of paymaster of, 2 P. & W. 540. 
 
 III. Election by when in service, 5 Wr. 403, 429. 
 
 IV. Maintenance of avhen called to suppress riot, 8 Wr. 
 
 389. 
 
 MILL. 
 
 Injury to, 10 Wr. 521 ; 6 Wh. 109 ; 11 S. 302. See Water- 
 power. 
 Meaning of in insurance contract, 7 S. 74. 
 
 MILL-DAM. See Dam. 
 
 MILLER. 
 
 Taxation of under Act of April 27, 1840, 1 II. 522; 9 C. 386. 
 
MINERS— MINING LEASE. 535 
 
 MINERS. 
 
 Preference in favor of, 6 H. 235*9 C. 511; 3 Gr. 213. 
 Wages of not attachable, 9 C. 241. 
 
 MINES. 
 
 1. License to work, construed, 6 W. 352 ; 6 H. 71 ; 7 C. 
 
 475; 8 0. 241 ; 4 Wr. 341 ; 7 S. 450. 
 
 2. Right to work, does not extend to surface, 6 H. 71 ; 
 
 8H. 870; 7 C. 475; 1 Wr. 429. 
 
 3. Partition of between tenants in common, 7 II. 100, 
 
 113; 6 Wr. 488. 
 
 4. Right of tenant for life to, 7 H. 323 ; 12 H. 162 ; 7 
 
 C. 44. 
 
 5. What implied in lease of, 6 W. 363; 6 H. 71; 1 C. 
 
 397. 
 
 7. Act of Assembly relative to safety in, construed, 16 
 
 S. 99. 
 
 8. Examiners under, when to be appointed, 16 S. 99. 
 
 9. Damage for interruption of, 7 Wr. 404. 
 
 MINING COMPANIES. 
 
 Corporators need not be subscribers, 14 S. 43. 
 
 MINING COMPANY. 
 
 Requisition in charter, 6 C. 151. 
 
 MINING LEASE. 
 
 1. What words constitute, 8 Barr 273 ; 4 ^Yr. 341. 
 
 2. Condition in, construed, 8 Barr 111 ; 3 H. 128 ; 12 H. 
 
 893; 3 C. 429; 4 C. 304; 8 C. 241, 267; 11 C. 287; 
 7 Wr. 404; 8 Wr. 264; 11 Wr. 452; 1 S. 232; 8 S. 
 285, 319; 4 S. 329; 5 S. 9; 9 S. 275. 
 
 3. What is implied in, 6 W. 363 ; 6 H. 71 ; 1 C. 397 ; 11 
 
 C. 287. 
 
 4. Rights of lessee under, 11 H. 199; 12 H. 898; 8 C. 
 
 241. 
 
 5. LlABILITl' OF LESSEE UNDER, 8 Wr. 264. 
 
 6. Rights of lessor under, 2 Barr 896. 
 
 7. Liability of lessor under, 2 Barr 394; 11 C. 287, 351. 
 
 8. When irrevocable, 8 0. 241. 
 
 9. Exclusively subterranean, 6 H. 71 ; 8 H. 370; 7 C. 
 
 475; 1 Wr. 429. 
 
 10. Judicial sale of, 4 W. 223. 
 
 11. Trespass for violation of, 12 H. 893. 
 
536 MINING LEASE— MINORS. 
 
 MINING JjEASE— continued. 
 
 12. Damages for interruption of, 7 Wr. 404. 
 
 13. Rescission of, 11 C. 287. 
 
 14. Power of court over, 12 H. 162. 
 
 15. What is waste under, 8 Wr. 264. 
 
 16. Act of April 22, 1856, relative to mining rights, con- 
 
 strued, 6 Wr. 488. 
 
 MINISTERIAL DUTIES. 
 
 Enforcement of. See Mandamus. 
 
 MINISTERIAL OFFICE. 
 
 General rule as to tenure of, 5 S. & R. 451. 
 
 MINORS. 
 
 L DoMiciL OP, 2 W. 6t S. 568 ; 2 J. 205. 
 
 II. Rights op. 
 
 1. To be BOUND as an APPRENTICE, 1 Y. 234; 4 B. 487; 
 
 5 Wh. 128. 
 
 2. To REFUSE TO BE BOUND AS A SERVANT, 2 D. 197. 
 
 3. To ACTION IN NAME OF PARENT FOR PERSONAL INJURY, 7 
 
 W. 62; 8 W. 227; 7 W. & S. 362. 
 
 4. To APPEAR BY GUARDIAN, 1 D. 136 ; 4 S. 455. 
 
 5. To SERVICE OP WRIT ON, 4 S. 455; 7 S. 388. 
 
 6. To SUE BY NEXT FRIEND, 3 P. & W. 173; 1 W. 330; 3 
 
 Barr 256. 
 
 7. To REPUDIATE JUDGMENT AGAINST, 7 W. & S. 170; 4 
 
 S. 455. 
 
 8. To REPUDIATE PARTITION OF LAND, 4 S. 455. 
 
 9. To REPUDIATE AMICABLE PARTITION, 2 W. 159. 
 
 10. To COMPENSATION FOR SERVICES UNDER IMPLIED CON- 
 
 TRACT, 9 Barr 309. 
 
 11. To WAGES EARNED, 4 S. & R. 207; 3 C. 220. 
 
 12. On CONTRACT MADE BY GUARDIAN, 10 S. & R. 114; 7 
 
 W. & S. 140. 
 
 13. On ACCEPTANCE OF LAND BY GUARDIAN, 5 B. 1. 
 
 14. To AFFIRM CONTRACTS AT FULL AGE, 10 S. & R. 114; 
 
 17 S. & R. 265; 6 W. 486; 7 W. 412; 1 Barr 498; 3 
 Barr 144, 428; 5 Barr 97, 272; 8 C. 509. 
 
 15. To REDEEM UNSEATED LANDS, 9 W. 298. 
 
 1^. To NOTICE OF APPOINTMENT OF ROAD VIEWERS, 1 Barr 
 
 353. 
 
MINOES. 537 
 
 MINORS — continued. 
 
 17. To BE SUPPLIED WITH NECESSARIES, 6 W. & S. 80 ; 9 C. 
 
 50; 3 Wr. 324; 13 Wr. 182. 
 
 18. To PERSONAL ESTATE OF MOTHER, 3 Y. 303. 
 
 19. To RETAIN WAGES FROM MOTHER, 7 Barr 21. 
 
 20. To MONEY IN HANDS OF INSOLVENT GUARDIAN, 2 Barr 
 
 372. 
 
 21. After emancipation by parent, 3 0. 220. 
 
 22. After abandonment by parent, 7 W. & S. 362. 
 
 23. On IMPLIED CONTRACTS, 9 Barr 309. 
 
 24. Under Acts of 1785 and 1856, relative to action 
 
 FOR real estate, 4 Wr. 335. 
 
 25. Under Act of 1840, relative to municipal claims, 
 
 19 S. 16. 
 
 III. Duty of. 
 
 1. To father, 4 S. & R. 207; 2 W. 406; 5 Barr 271; 9 
 
 H. 222. 
 
 2. To mother, 4 B. 481 ; 5 Barr 271. 
 
 IV. Disability of. 
 
 1. A personal privilege, 5 W. & S. 476 ; 10 C. 60. 
 
 2. To appear to suit or action, 1 D. 166; 5 S. & R. 
 
 373. 
 
 3. To commence suit or action, 3 p. & W. 173; 7 W. 62, 
 
 330; 3 Barr 256. 
 
 4. To execute contracts, 2 P. & W. 333; 7 W. 412; 1 
 
 Gr. 53; 14 S. 480. 
 
 5. To execute warrant of attorney, 1 D. 165; 5 S. & 
 
 R. 373; 17 S. & R. 364; 10 H. 337. 
 
 6. To execute release, 5 S. & R. 309; 12 S. & R. 399; 
 
 2 P. & W. 333. 
 
 7. As TO abandonment of lands, 4 D. 122 ; 5 S. & R. 373. 
 
 8. Not within Affidavit of Defence Law, 5 B. 455. 
 
 V. Liability of. 
 
 1. For injury to hired horse, 3 R. 351. 
 
 2. To be held to bail, 3 B. 413. 
 
 3. For NECESSARIES, 2 P. & W. 333; 4 W. 80; 7 W. 237, 
 
 344; 6 W. & S. 80; 1 Gr. 53. 
 
 4. On contracts, 1 D. 166; 3 B. 413; 11 S. & R. 305; 2 
 
 P. & W. 333; 6 W. 9; 7 W. 237, 412; 7 Barr 97. 
 
 5. When joined with adult, 19 S. 16, 19. 
 
538 MINORS— MISDIRECTION. 
 
 M.l'NORS— continued. 
 
 6. To DECREE IN EQUITY PKO CONFESSO, 4 Barr 93. 
 
 7. On enlistment, 4 B. 487 ; 5 B. 423 ; 6 B. 255 ; 1 S. 
 
 & R. 87 ; 11 S. & R. 93 ; 7 Barr 336. 
 
 8. On bond. to parent, 2 Barr 441. 
 
 9. On acknowledgment of deed, 9 Barr 14. 
 
 10. To creditor oj? father, 3 C. 220. 
 
 11. To plea of Statute of Limitations, 3 Y. 200, 269 ; 6 
 
 W. 486 ; 6 Barr 141. 
 
 12. On waiver of plea after majority, 5 B. 8; 4 S. & R. 
 
 114; 10 S. & R. 114; 17 S. k R. 265; 6 W. 486; 7 
 W. 412; 1 Barr 498; 3 Barr 144, 428; 5 Barr 97, 
 272; 8 0. 509. 
 
 13. To SCHOOL tax, 2 Wr. 157. 
 
 14. For interest after full age, 17 S. & R. 264. 
 
 VI. Action for marrying, 1 Y. 405; 2 Y. 321; 4 B. 20; 
 14 S. & R. 287; 3 R. 305; 5 R. 124, 209; 7 W. & S. 
 361; 1 Barr 431; 10 C. 324. 
 
 VII. Indictment for conspiracy to compel marriage of. 5 
 W. & S. 461. 
 
 VIII. Authority of father over, 2 W. 406; 5 Barr 271; 
 9 H. 222. , 
 
 IX. Authority of mother over, 4 B. 487 ; 5 Barr 271. 
 
 X. Descent of estate of. See Descent. 
 
 XI. Act of 1854, prohibiting sale op liquor to, not re- 
 pealed BY Act of 1867, 13 S. 34; 17 S. 30. 
 
 MINUTES. 
 
 Of Military Court. 
 
 Proof of contents of lost, 1 R. 143. 
 Admissibility of in evidence, 1 D. 2, 9; 3 Y. 200; 3 S. & R. 
 343; 6 W. 338; 4 W. & S. 393; 1 Barr 224; 12 Wr. 
 29. 
 Of recognisance when sufficient, 2 B. 430. 
 
 MISCONDUCT. 
 
 1. Of party, when evidence for opponent, 2 B. 72. 
 
 2. Of referees. See Award. 
 
 MISDEMEANOR. 
 
 What acts constitute, 5 B. 277 ; 2 S. & R. 91 ; 11 S. & R. 
 177 ; 1 Barr 224; 4 S. 209 ; 9 S. 266. 
 
 MISDIRECTION. See Charge of Court. 
 
MISJOINDER— MISTAKE. 539 
 
 MISJOINDER. 
 
 1. Of paetibs. See Action. 
 
 2. Of counts. See Declarations. 
 
 MISNOMER. 
 
 1. Of parties to suit, what constitutes, 3 0. 336. 
 
 2. Remedy for, 10 S. & R. 257; 4 R. 9; 5 W. 481 ; 2 W. 
 
 & S. 156 ; 5 W. & S. 215; 5 H. 135. 
 
 MISPAYMENT. 
 
 1. What constitutes, 8 W. & S. 202. 
 
 2. By public officer. See Constable ; Executor ; 
 
 Sheriff. 
 
 MISPRISION OF TREASON, 2 D. 91. 
 
 MISRECITAL. 
 
 Of date in rule of reference, 6 B. 32. 
 
 MISREPRESENTATION. 
 
 Effect of on contract. See Bond ; Contract ; Deed ; Fraud- 
 ulent Representations ; Insurance. 
 
 MISTAKE. 
 
 I. Of fact. 
 
 1. Meaning of, 3 W. & S. 37. 
 
 2. Relief from, 2 R. 430; 1 W. & S. 195; 7 W. & S. 
 
 201; 4 Barr 93; 5 Barr 409; 2 Wr. 194; 11 Wr. 
 520 ; 9 S. 220 ; 13 S. 367 ; 20 S. 410. 
 
 3. Correction of by parol. See Parol Evidence ; 
 
 Scrivener. 
 
 4. Correction of writing in equity on ground of, 3 Gr. 
 
 54. 
 
 II. In law. 
 
 1. Meaning of, 3 W. & S. 37. 
 
 2. Relief from, 7 W. 374; 5 Wh. 63; 7 W. & S. 2-56; 1 
 
 H. 171 ; 2 Wr. 194 ; 11 Wr. 520. 
 
 III. In award. 
 
 Correction of, 1 Y. 84; 8 Yfr. 23. 
 
 IV. In marking boundary line, 4 C. 413. 
 
 V. In contract, 1 Y. 139 ; 1 B. 616 ; 3 B. 587 ; 1 S. & R. 
 
 464; 2 R. 428; 4 W. 290 ; 8 W. 492; 2 Wh. 79 ; 3 
 Barr 21; 1 J. 338; 10 H. 244; 11 Wr. 115. 
 
 VI. Of bank officers, 2 Wr. 135 ; 11 Wr. 24U. 
 
 VII. In bankruptcy, 4 R. 384. 
 
 VIII. In deed, 4 Barr 93. 
 
540 MISTAKE— MOB 
 
 MISTAKE— continued. 
 
 IX. In judgment, 1 D. 241 ; 6 H. 148. 
 
 X. Op clerk. 
 
 Correction of, 3 Y. 575 ; 1 0. 218. 
 
 XI. Of city surveyor, 8 Wr. 348. 
 
 XII. Of county treasurer, 11 Wr. 359. 
 
 XIII. Op scrivener, 10 S. & R. 329 ; 14 S. & R. 448 ; 2 R. 
 428, 5 R. 347; 1 P. & W. 486; 3 W. 151; 2 Wh. 75, 
 79 ; 7 W. & S. 394 ; 3 H. 323 ; 11 C. 212. 
 
 XIV. When ground por new trial, 1 Y. 253. 
 
 XV. Evidence of. 
 
 1. Under plea of payment, 1 D. 17; 2 Barr 105. 
 
 2. To avoid charge of fraud, 5 S. & R. 226. 
 
 XVI. Money received by, 1 D. 52, 148 ; 6 S. & R. 369 ; 
 10 S. & R. 219 ; 1 R. 54; 2 W. 462; 1 Barr 24. 
 
 XVII. Money paid by. 
 
 1. Interest on, 1 D. 52. 
 
 2. Action to recover back, 1 D. 148 ; 6 S. & R. 369; 10 
 
 S. & R. 219 ; 1 R. 54 ; 2 R. 118 ; 3 P. & W. 112 ; 1 
 W. 252, 302 ; 9 W. 462; 6 W. & S. 485; 7 W. & S. 
 253, 425; 1 Barr 24; 2 Barr 483; 3 Barr 109 ; 5 
 Barr 516; 10 Barr 164, 455 ; 1 H. 224, 290; 8 H. 
 421; 7 C. 73; 11 C. 284. 
 
 XVIII. In distribution op will. See Will. 
 
 XIX. In organizing corporation, 9 Wr. 32. 
 
 XX. In return op surveyor, 4 Wr. 260. 
 
 XXI. As TO INTEREST OF PARTIES IN OrPHANS' CoURT, 5 Wr. 
 
 120. 
 
 XXII. Mutual, 7 W. & S. 253. 
 
 MISUSER. 
 
 1. Op goods by carrier, 5 W. & S. 125. 
 
 2. Op real estate. 
 
 Forfeiture for, 9 H. 232. 
 
 3. Forfeiture op easement for. See Easement 10. 
 
 MITIGATION OF DAMAGES. See Damages ; Slander. 
 
 MOB. 
 
 I. Liability of county. 
 
 1. For acts of, 9 H. 232. 
 
 2. For acts done to surpress, 8 W. & S. 189. 
 
 II. Effect of destruction by. 
 1. On insurance, 14 Wr. 341. 
 
MODUS ET CONVENTIO VINCUNT LEGEM. 541 
 
 MODUS ET CONVENTIO VINCUNT LEGEM. 
 
 Application of maxim, 3 D. 506; 5 Barr 102; 5 0. 354; 7 
 C. 449. 
 
 MONEY. 
 
 1. Proof of kind intended in contract, 1 Y. 9, 182. 
 
 2. Depreciated. 
 
 Suit in bond for, 1 D. 175, 258; 2 D. 233. See 
 Depreciated Monet. 
 
 3. When reckoned in Pennsylvania currency, 2 H. 
 
 357. 
 
 4. Op municipal corporation. 
 
 Expenditures by whom controlled, 11 Wr. 21. 
 
 5. "When attachable, 2 Y. 192. 
 
 6. Taxation op, 1 Barr 330 ; 1 H. 325 ; 8 H. 38 ; 4 C. 249 ; 
 
 9 C. 386 ; 12 C. 397. See Taxation. 
 
 7. Had and received. See Assumpsit. 
 
 Action for, -waives torts and special damage, 1 D. 223; 
 3 W. 277 ; 10 W. 431 ; 14 S. 383. 
 
 8. When presumed to be in hand op agent or factor, 2 
 
 B. 325. 
 
 9. When not included in bequest of personal property, 
 
 3 C. 116. 
 
 10. " Due or to become." 
 
 Meaning of in will, 2 Wli. 45. 
 
 11. Not the subject of book entry, 1 D. 85; 1 Y. 347; 2 
 
 B. 428; 8 W. 89. 
 
 12. Payment of into court. See Sheriff's Sale. 
 
 13. Meaning op in will, 1 Gr. 158. 
 
 MONONGAHELA BRIDGE COMPANY. 
 
 1. Right op to piers in river, 10 Wr. 112. 
 
 2. Duty of as to navigation of river, 10 Wr. 112. 
 
 3. Liability of, 10 Wr. 112. 
 
 MONONGAHELA NAVIGATION COMPANY. 
 
 Defect in subscription for stock, cured by statute, 10 W. 364. 
 
 Charter of, construed, 8 C. 153 ; 16 S. 81. 
 
 Right of to collect tolls, 6 Barr 392. 
 
 Appraisement of damages against, 8 H. 71. 
 
 Appeal by, from report of viewers, 8 H. 71. 
 
 Act of April 25, 1844, relative to, construed, 8 H. 71. 
 
 Liability of for consequential damages, 8 C. 153. 
 
 Taxation of, 16 S. 81. 
 
 Jurisdiction of District Court of Alleghany County, 8 H. 71. 
 
542 MONTH— MORTGAGE. 
 
 MONTH. 
 
 Defined, 2 D. 302 ; 4 D. 143 ; 3 S. & R. 169 ; 6 S. & R. 539 ; 
 6 W. & S. 179. 
 
 MOi^TOUR IRON WORKS. 
 
 Sale of to creditors, discussed, 10 S. 291. 
 
 MORAL OBLIGATION. 
 
 When a valid consideration for promise, 2 B. 229, 591, 595; 
 5 B. 33; 12 S. & R. 177 ; 2 R. 356 ; 4 R. 452 ; 1 W. 
 160, 163; 6 W. 200; 8 W. & S. 10 ; 2 Barr 443; 10 
 Barr 368; 12 H. 367. 
 
 MORALS. 
 
 Corruption of indictable, 2 S. & R. 91. 
 
 MORE OR LESS. 
 
 Meaning of, 4 S. & R. 456, 488. 
 
 MORTGAGE. 
 
 I. Of personal peopekty. Se& Chattel Moktgage. 
 
 II. Of vessel. See Ship. 
 
 III. Op eeal estate. 
 
 1. Of undivided intekests, 1 Y. 189 ; 1 B. 175 ; 2 P. & 
 
 W. 279; 3 0. 471; 6 C. 378. 
 
 2. Of leasehold estate, 5 W. & S. 145; 10 C. 149; 20 
 
 S. 490. 
 
 3. Of rent charge, 2 P. & W. 23. 
 
 4. Of machine shop, 7 H. 71; 9 Wr. 42; 3 S. 271; 20 S. 
 
 490. 
 
 5. Of estate in fee. 
 
 By parol, 3 P. & W. 239, 240 ; 6 W. 126 ; 4 Wh. 420 ; 
 3 W. & S. 388 ; 6 W. & S. 284 ; 3 Barr 23::) ; 6 
 Barr 390; 10 H. 171; 6 C. 251, 378, 384; 10 C. 
 385; 1 Gr. 114, 306; 5 S. 316; 13 S. 38; 19 S. 
 380. 
 
 What -writings constitute a mortgage, 9 S. & R. 434; 16 
 S. & R. 361 ; 17 S. & R. 70 ; 4 R. 26 ; 3 W. 188 
 6 W. 126, 405, 409 ; 7 W. 261, 372, 401 ; 9 W 
 508 ; 3 W. & S. 384 ; 7 W. & S. 335 ; 4 Barr 124 
 6 Barr 390, 391 ; 1 J. 30 ; 3 H. 319 ; 7 C. 131 
 295; 8 C. 250; 9 C. 158; 10 C. 385; 7 Wr. 146 
 8 Wr. 519; 10 AVr. 331 ; 7 S. 319 ; 10 S. 187, 199 
 13 S. 38; 14 S. 315; 18 S. 92; 19 S. 305; 20 S 
 434. 
 
MOKTGAGE. 543 
 
 MORTGAGE— continued. 
 
 Existence of, a question of law, 5 B. 495. 
 
 When a conditional sale, 1 Y. 579, 584 ; 4 B. 499 ; 9 S. 
 
 & R. 434; 6 W. 126, 405 ; 7 W. 372; 6 Ban- 390; 
 
 3 H. 322; 10 H. 171; 7 C. 131, 295; 2 Wr. 382; 
 
 14 S. 162; 19 S. 305. 
 Distinguished from deed of trust, 3 W. & S: 383 ; 7 W. 
 
 & S. 343-; 7 Wr. 518 ; 10 S. 187. 
 As security for past or future advances, 1 B. 175 ; 5 B. 538, 
 
 585; 1 S. & R. 317; 7 S. & R. 419; 9 S. & R. 304; 
 
 10 S. & R. 195 ; 17 S. & R. 419, 422 ; 1 R. 327, 328, 
 
 329; 4 R. 225; 1 W. 140; 6 W. 57 ; 4 W. & S. 
 
 383 ; 7 W. & S. 343 ; 2 Barr 96 ; 3 Barr 79 ; 5 
 
 Barr 21, 35 ; 9 Barr 86 ; 12 H. 372 ; 7 C. 295 ; 8 
 
 C. 392 ; 12 0. 170 ; 2 Wr. 382 ; 8 Wr. 423 ; 9 Wr. 
 
 49; 2 Gr. 132; 3 Gr. 300; 2 S. 138; 7 S. 360; 18 
 
 S. 212; 19 S. 380. 
 As security for purchase-money, 2 P. & W. Ill ; 3 W. 
 
 & S. 56 ; 3 Barr 79 ; 6 Barr 254; 8 Barr 164 ; 12 
 
 C. 247 ; 10 H. 41, 43 ; 11 H. 186 ; 12 H. 343. 
 As security for payment in instalments, 1 S. 78. 
 For indemnity, 3 H. 79. 
 To secure wife's separate estate, 1 Wr. 448 ; 4 Wr. 209 ; 
 
 1 S. 93. 
 In trust, 12 C. 141 ; 4 Wr. 209 ; 15 S. 278, 290. 
 Restriction in as to right of redemption, 16 S. & R. 361. 
 Stipulation in as to attorney fees for collecting, 7 W. 
 
 126; 8 Wr. 32; 1 S. 78. 
 Stipulation in as to prompt payment of interest on in- 
 stalment, 7 W. 126 ; 4 Wr. 140 ; 1 S. 78. 
 Stipulation in as to power to sell, 12 C. 141. 
 Stipulation in as to payment of taxes, 4 S- 367. 
 Recitals in, estoppel by, 6 Barr 254 ; 11 Wr. 415. See 
 
 Estoppel ; Recital. 
 Conditions in, explanation of, 8 W. & S. 75; 6 Barr 390; 
 
 1 C. 256; 7 C. 295; 20 S. 234. 
 Debt secured by is personal property, 5 W. 55. 
 
 6. As TO PARTIES. 
 
 By married women. See Mabried Women, I. 
 
 By corporation, 1 W. 185; 9 C. 33; 11 C. 123; 11 Wr. 
 
 255, 465; 14 S. 366; 15 S. 278; 16 S. 160. 
 By joint owners, 1 Y. 189; 2 P. & W. 279; 6 C. 378. 
 By one of several joint owners. 1 Y. 189; 1 B. 175; 2 P. 
 
 & W. 2:9; 6 C. 378. 
 By agent or attorney, 3 H. 148. 
 To several jointly, 8 W. 215. 
 
544 MORTGAGE. 
 
 MOnTGAGE— continued. 
 
 7. Execution op. 
 
 As to seal, 5 W. & S. 25; 10 H. 171. 
 Proof of, 3 R. 817; 5 W. 343; 10 Ban- 285; 12 H. 100; 
 15 S. 291. 
 
 8. Acknowledgment of. 
 
 No part of execution, 12 H. 491. 
 
 Out of limits of state, 6 S. 37. 
 
 Validity of mortgage dated after, 5 Barr 473. 
 
 9. Delivery of, 12 C. 134; 15 S. 291. See ante, 7. 
 
 10. Fkaudulent and void, 4 D. 304; 5 S. & R. 275; 11 
 
 S. &R. 134; 4 W. & S. 95. 
 
 11. Recording of. 
 
 History of, 8 Wr. 522, 626. 
 
 Object of, 1 D. 430; 4 D. 153; 3 Y. 355; 7 S. & R. 
 
 291; 7 W. 269; 7 W. & S. 340. 
 Is not a judicial act, 2 W. & S. 314; 12 H. 47; 17 S. 
 
 428. 
 Where to be recorded, 8 Wr. 519. 
 When to be recorded, 2 W. & S. 314; 4 W. & S. 383; 
 
 10 H. 363. 
 Priority between when recorded same day, 2 S. 253. 
 Priority between mortgage and deed from same grantor, 
 
 10 W. 407; 4 W. & S. 309; 5 W. & S. 49; 7 Barr 
 
 233; 9 Barr 405; 9 C. 83, 85. 
 Notice given by, 1 D. 436; 1 T. 172; 3 Y. 354; 17 S. & 
 
 R. 70; 7 W. 261; 9 W. 510; 6 Wh. 357; 2 W. & 
 
 S. 314 ; 2 Barr 264. 
 Effect of irregularity in, 7 W. 335; 11 H. 110; 11 C. 
 
 130; 14 8. 127. 
 Effect of omission to enter, 3 Y. 359; 7 S. & R. 286, 
 
 290; 17 S. & R. 70; 1 P. & W. 447; 7 W. 261; 2 
 
 W. & S. 314; 7 W. & S. 335; 4 Barr 124, 125; 5 
 
 Wr. 256; 9 Wr. 172; 10 Wr. 508; 11 Wr. 141; 14 
 
 Wr. 509. 
 Validity of unrecorded, 1 D. 430; 4 D. 145, 153; 7 S. & 
 
 R. 286; 17 S. & R. 70; 1 P. & W. 447; 7 W. 261, 
 
 277, 283; 7 W. & S. 335; 11 H. 10; 8 C. 121; 10 
 
 0. 121; 5Wr. 256; 9 Wr. 172; 10 Wr. 508; 11 
 
 Wr. 421; 14 Wr. 509; 1 Gr. 268; 4 S. 200. 
 Notice of unrecorded when sufficient, 4 T>. 153 ; 5 Barr 
 
 473; 11 H. 110, 440; 1 C. 319; 2 0. 465; 10 Wr. 
 
 508; 11 Wr. 141. 
 
 12. Lien of. 
 
 When it commences, 2 W. & S. 214; 5 Barr 473; 11 H. 
 110; 14 S. 127; 18 S. 212. 
 
MOKTGAGE. 545 
 
 MORTG AG'S— continued. 
 
 General rules as to, 1 Y. 3; 2 Y. 34, 354; 5 B. 585; 7 
 
 S. & R. 286 ; 11 S. & R. 208; 2 R. 254 ; 2 P. & W. 
 
 135; 7W. 416; 4Wh.410; 3Barr 79; IIH. 110; 
 
 15 S. 309. 
 When antedated, 3 S. & R. 227. 
 Effect of insolvent discharge on, 6 B. 391. 
 Effect of extinguishment of debt secured by, 4 R. 256. 
 When entered on same day with judgment, 10 H. 859 ; 
 
 12 H. 363 ; 1 C. 319 ; 2 Gr. 130. 
 On interest in land devised to be sold for distribution, 13 
 
 S. & R. 330; 2 R. 185; 3 W. 289; 2 H. 149. 
 When not an "incumbrance," 2 Barr 57. 
 When not a personal charge against heir or devisee, 2 S. 
 
 138. 
 When preserved on judicial sale, 7 W. 419, 476; 6 Wh. 
 
 215 ; 9 W. & S. 103 ; 1 Barr 267 ; IJ. 258 ; 1 H. 
 
 202; 2 H. 383; 1 C. 319; 2 C. 293, 465; 10 C. 
 
 68; 11 C. 133; 4 Wr. 170; 7 Wr. 129; 11 Wr. 
 
 452; 13 Wr. 358; 2 S. 295; 11 S. 885. 
 As to after-acquired property, 2 S. 359, 862. 
 Attaches to future structures and fixtures on premises, 7 
 
 H. 71; 14 S. 366. 
 
 13. Assignment of, 2 Y. 535; 1 B. 175; 4 R. 242; 1 P. 
 
 6 W. 280 ; 7 W. 517 ; 1 Wh. 241 ; 1 W. & S. 544; 
 
 7 W. & S. 298; 9 Barr 399, 498; 6 H. 394; 3 C. 
 213; 7 C. 142; 2 Wr. 78; 7 Wr. 520; 13 Wr. 282. 
 
 14. Of bond secured by, 9 S. & R. 804 ; 17 S. & R. 400; 
 
 1 P. & W. 280; 9 Barr 84; 1 H. 416 ; 10 C. 155. 
 
 15. Release of, 1 S. & R. 312; 1 W. 494; 2 W. 389; 1 
 
 Wh. 859; 7 W. & S. 79; 6 Barr 228; 9 Barr 82. 
 
 16. Extinguishment of, 4 Wr. 209 ; 7 Wr. 209 ; 11 Wr. 
 
 852; 12 Wr. 180; 17 S. 897. 
 
 17. Appropriation op payments on, 1 Wr. 268 ; 10 Wr. 498. 
 
 18. Interest on, 6 W. 53; IJ. 282. 
 
 19. Payment out of personal estate op decedent, 2 D. 
 
 247; 3 W. 60; 5 Wh. 245; 4 W. & S. 45; 5 W. & 
 S. 36; 1 H. 98; 12 H. 200; 2 Wr. 822; 2 S. 135. 
 
 20. Satisfaction of. 
 
 Is the act of mortgagee, 17 S. 428. 
 
 When not discharged by entry of, 5 Wh. 541; 9 Barr 
 
 82; 12 H. 47; 7 Wr. 209; 1 S. 63 ; 17 S. 428. 
 Enforcement of entry, 7 W. 475 ; 1 Wh. 187. 
 When not discharged by payment, 11 Wr. 352 ; 12 Wr. 
 
 130. 
 
 35 
 
546 MOKTGAGE. 
 
 MORTGAGE— continued. 
 
 When payment is equivalent to, 6 C. 373. 
 
 Effect of on debt secured by, 12 Wr. 130 ; 12 H. 47. 
 
 Effect of on receipt of proceeds of sale by holder of, 5 
 
 H. 466. 
 When a question of law, 12 Wr. 130. 
 
 21. Sale of property bound by. 
 
 By owner in purparts, 10 S. & R. 450; 3 R. 109, 167; 
 
 1 W. 494; 2 W. 339; 1 Wh. 359; 1 Barr 279, 
 
 297; 4 Barr 80; 8 H. 222. 
 Duty of mortgagee on, 10 S. & R. 450 ; 1 Barr 279 ; 4 
 
 Barr 80 ; 1 H. 405. 
 
 22. In equity, 10 C. 385; 11 C. 30; 12 C. 141. 
 
 23. By order of Orphans' Court, 8 P. & W. 240 ; 3 Barr 
 
 79; IH. 98, 103. 
 
 24. Subject to lien, 4 Wh. 410 ; 8 Barr 297; 10 H. 318; 
 
 11 C. 182; 13 Wr. 518; 6 S. 53; 17 S. 326. 
 
 25. Remedies to enforce. 
 Generally, 12 C. 149. 
 Action of debt, 7 W. 360. 
 
 Amicable action on, 11 S. & R. 168; 2 W. 28 ; 1 W. & 
 
 S. 299. 
 Ejectment, 12 S. & R. 240. See Ejectment, II. 4. 
 Scire facias, 2 R. 166; 3 C. 504; 16 S. 89. 
 Is based on mortgage, not on registry of, 17 S. 427. 
 Is original process, 16 S. 89. 
 Waiver of limitation on, 7 W. 126 ; 2 Wr. 150. 
 Nature of remedy, 7 H. 71, 77; 13 Wr. 246; 1 S. 864; 
 
 4S. 120; 16 S. 89; 17 S. 427. 
 Parties to, on death of trustee in, 12 Wr. 86. 
 By mortgagee, 6 S. & R. 179. 
 By attaching creditor of mortgagee, 14 S. 63. 
 By assignee of, 2 Y. 539 ; 1 B. 175 ; 2 Wr. 78. 
 When to be sued out, 1 C. 256. 
 Effect of agreement to postpone, 13 S. 29, 80. 
 -Form of as to proper county, 11 S. & R. 165. 
 Parties to, 2 Y. 539 ; 1 B. 175 ; 6 S. & R. 179 ; 1 W. 
 
 491 ; 5 W. 531; 2 Wh. 365; 5 Wh. 170; 4 Barr 
 
 80; 3H. 148; 2 Wr. 78; 14 S. 63. 
 On mortgage irregularly recorded, 5 Barr 473. 
 On mortgage payable by instalments, 1 S. 78. 
 Effect of on security, 2 R. 167 ; 4 Wh. 410. 
 Service and return, 2 B. 40 ; 5 S. & R. 211 ; 2 Wh. 9 ; 
 
 11 C. 265; 1 Gr. 402. 
 Affidavit of defence to, 2 Wr. 78; 11 C. 265; 4 S. 386. 
 Pleas in, 8 Barr 520; 9 Barr 34; IS. 365; 17 S. 427. 
 
MOETGAGE. 547 
 
 MORTGAGE— continued. 
 
 Judgment for want of aiBdavit of defence, 11 C. 265. 
 Judgment after two nihils, 5 S. & R. 211; 4 W. 274; 2 
 
 Wh. 9, 365 ; 11 0. 265. 
 Evidence on, 1 S. & R. 438, 540; 10 S. & R. 140; 11 
 S. & R. 168; 3 W. 352; 3 C. 418; 10 0. 313; 7 
 Wr. 231 ; 11 S. 455 ; 17 S. 427. 
 Competency of witnesses in, 7 Wr. 520. 
 Verdict and judgment on, 1 D. 142 ; 7 S. & R. 328 ; 5 
 Barr 260. 
 Is de terris and not personal, 5 Barr 260 ; 1 S. 364. 
 Effect of irregularity in, 7 S. & R. 269 ; 4 W. 270. 
 Effect of on dower, 11 S. & R. 119. 
 Effect of on heirs and terre-tenants, 7 S. & R. 328 ; 11 
 
 C. 265; 11 Wr. 37. 
 Merger of mortgage in, 4 Wh. 409 ; 4 S. 120. 
 Lien of, 4 W. 341. 
 Interest on, 6 W. 58 ; 1 J. 282. 
 Costs in, 5 Barr 260; 5 H. 64. 
 Effect of marking "settled," 7 Wr. 209. 
 Judgment on debt secured by, 9 S. & R. 302 ; 8 Barr 471. 
 Execution on. 
 
 Stay of as to person in military service, 13 Wr. 240. 
 Right of purchase on, 3 H. 148 ; 4 S. 120. 
 Right of creditors of mortgagor on, 10 H. 312. 
 Sale on, 6 S. & R. 173; 8 H. 222; 2 S. 253. 
 Effect of sale on younger lien, 10 S. & R. 450; 16 S. & 
 R. 163; 2 R. 56; 3 R. 109; 1 P. & W. 480; 2 P. 
 & W. 135, 273; 2 W. 282; 4 W. 397; 7 W. 416; 
 5 Wh. 184; 6 Wh. 354; 1 Barr 279; 2 Barr 264 ; 
 
 8 Barr 164; 1 H. 202; 11 S. 385; 15 S. 309. 
 Effect of sale on debt secured by mortgage, 1 Y. 9, 75; 
 
 9 S. & R. 302, 303, 310; 12 S. & R. 240; 1 R. 
 328; 1 P. & W. 44; 7 W. 416, 475; 8 W. 215; 10 
 W. 413; 3 Wh. 21; 5 Wh. 541; 6 Wh. 210; 
 8 Barr 471; 10 Barr 472; 1 J. 282, 287; 1 
 H. 103; 6 H. 215; 10 C. 63; 11 C. 173; 7 S. 
 331. 
 
 Effect of sale subject to liens, 7 W. 316; 9 W. & S. 104; 
 
 1 Barr 92; 8 Barr 473; 1 H. 113; 6 C. 348. 
 Effect of sale of lands without the proper county, 4 W. & 
 
 S. 20. 
 When void, 7 H. 77. 
 
 Not within the Exemption Law, 11 C. 209 ; 12 C. 466. 
 Right of purchaser, 2 D. 127; 1 Y. 75 ; 2 B. 80 ; 3 H. 
 
 148 ; 6 H. 84 ; 7 H. 402 ; 10 C. 121 ; 11 C. 130 ; 1 
 
 Gr. 260; 4 S. 120. 
 
548 MORTGAGE— MORTGAGEES. 
 
 MORTGAGE— continued. 
 
 26. Distribution of proceeds op sale, 13 S. & R. 227; 
 17 S. & R. 400, 419 ; 4 R. 394 ; 1 P. & W. 280 ; 1 
 Barr 278 ; 2 Barr 43 ; 3 Barr 364 ; 1 J. 290 ; 10 H. 
 43; 7 Wr. 129 ; 5 S. 403. See Sheriff's Sale. 
 
 MORTGAGEES. 
 
 I. Who are, 2 B. 40 ; 1 Gr. 301. 
 
 II. Are purchasers in law, 1 R. 231 ; 9 Barr 405. 
 
 III. Are not terre-tenants, 1 S. 212. 
 
 IV. Rights of. 
 
 1. Generally, 1 R. 328; 5 Barr 85; 10 H. 63. 
 
 2. To possession of title deeds, 1 Y. 173. 
 
 3. To refuse imperfect mortgage, 14 S. 267. 
 
 4. "When part owner of, 8 W. 215. 
 
 5. To TESTIFY, 9 W. 462. 
 
 6. To ENFORCE MORTGAGE WITHOUT NOTICE WHILE TENANT 
 
 OF MORTGAGOR, 11 S. 443. 
 
 7. As AGAINST ACTS OF MORTGAGOR, 3 C. 604. 
 
 8. After transfer of mortgage, 9 Barr 32. 
 
 9. To surplus on sale of land, 2 H. 204. 
 
 10. As TO power of sale in, 12 C. 141. 
 
 11. To proceeds of verdict for injury done to land in 
 
 MORTGAGE, 7 S. & R. 411. 
 
 12. As against mechanic's lien creditors, 3 Wr. 409. 
 
 13. As TO machinery in mortgaged property. See Ma- 
 
 chinery. 
 
 14. As against unknown fraud in procuring mortgage, 
 
 4 S. 386. 
 
 15. As against secret titles, 5 C. 283. 
 
 16. As TO remedies. See Mortgage 24. 
 
 17. To purchase at sheriff's sale, 10 S. & R. 261. 
 
 18. To CREDIT FOR TAXES AND REPAIRS, 15 S. & R. 135. 
 
 19. To POSSESSION AS AGAINST SHERIFF'S VENDEE UNDER 
 
 ANOTHER LIEN, 10 C. 121. 
 
 20. As TO IMPROVEMENTS AFTER MORTGAGE, 4 W. 460; 2 
 
 H. 334 ; 14 S. 315. 
 
 21. To SUE FOR ARREARS OF INTEREST, 7 W. 126. 
 
 22. To DISTRIBUTIVE SHARE UNDER ASSIGNMENT FOR CRED- 
 
 ITORS OF MORTGAGOR, 7 Barr 333 ; 10 H. 441. 
 
 23. As AGAINST PURCHASER OF THE LAND COVERED BY MORT- 
 
MORXaAGEES— MORTGAGOR. 549 
 
 MOUTGAG^ES— continued. 
 
 GAGE, 10 S. & R. 450 ; 1 Barr 279 ; 4 Barr 80 ; 1 H. 
 405. 
 
 24. As AGAINST LEGATEES, 10 Wr. 165. 
 
 25. As PUECHASER OF MORTGAGED PROPERTY AT SALE UNDER 
 
 A JUNIORLIEN, 2 H. 382. 
 
 26. To REPUDIATE SATISFACTION ENTERED UNDER FORGED LET- 
 
 TER OF ATTORNEY, 17 S. 428. 
 
 27. To PROCURE SALE OF MORTGAGED PROPERTY IN EQUITY, 
 
 11 C. 30; 12 C. 141. 
 
 28. On distribution of proceeds of sheriff's sale, 13 
 
 S. & R. 227; 17 S. & R. 419; 4 R. 394; 1 P. & W. 
 280; 1 Barr 278 ; 2 Barr 43 ; 3 Barr 364 ; 1 J. 290 ; 
 10 H. 43; 7 Wr. 129; 5 S. 403. See Sheriff's 
 Sale. 
 V. Liability of. 
 
 1. Generally, 4 W. 460. 
 
 2. As purchaser at sheriff's sale of mortgaged pro- 
 
 perty, 9 Barr 400. 
 
 3. On allowing mortgagor to retain title deeds, 5 B. 
 
 161. 
 
 4. For taxes, 3 C. 49. 
 
 5. On promise to extend time for payment, 3 W. 352. 
 
 6. For rents and profits, 7 C. 132; 6 "Wr. 518. 
 
 7. For waste, 4 W. 466. 
 
 8. To LEVY AND SALE OF INTEREST IN MORTGAGE, 1 R 
 
 325. 
 
 9. After release to vendee of mortgagor, 1 J. 312. 
 
 ' 10. On DISTRIBUTION OF PROCEEDS OF SALE AMONG BOND- 
 HOLDERS, 17 S. & R. 400. See ante, IV. 29. 
 
 MORTGAGOR. 
 I. Rights of. 
 
 1. To RELIEF AT COST OF LEGATEE, 2 Y. 68. 
 
 2. To REDEEM DEBT SECURED BY MORTGAGE, 1 Wr. 268 ; 10 
 
 Wr. 493; 12 Wr. 130; 13 Wr. 282. 
 
 3. To DAMAGES FOR INJURY TO LAND, 7 S. & R. 411. 
 
 4. To SURPLUS PROCEEDS OP SALE, 9 S. & R. 484. 
 
 5. To TESTIFY, 7 S. & R. 411 ; 1 R. 325 ; 9 W. 462 ; 8 
 
 Barr 471; 7 H. 510; 6 H. 215. 
 
 6. To DEDUCT FOR KNOWN ENCUMBRANCES, 10 Barr 73. 
 
550 MORTGAGOE— MOTHER. 
 
 MORTGAGOR— con^mweJ. 
 
 6. As AGAINST MORTGAGEE, 7 S. & R. 411; 1 R. 325; 10 
 
 Wr. 331. 
 
 7. After transfer of title papers to mortgagee in 
 
 POSSESSION, 10 Wr. 331. 
 
 8. To DEFEND ON GROUND OF FAILURE OF CONSIDERATION, 
 
 6 Barr 254. 
 
 9. To DEFEND ON GROUND OP USURY, 12 Wr. 130. 
 
 10. To BENEFIT OP EXEMPTION Law, 11 C. 209 ; 12 C. 466. 
 
 11. Of JOINT MORTGAGOR, 1 Y. 189 ; 1 B. 175 ; 2 P. & W. 
 
 279; 3 0.471; 6 C. 378. 
 
 II. Duty of. 
 
 As to delivery of title deeds, 1 Y. 172. 
 
 III. Liability op. 
 
 1. When jointly bound. See ante, I. 11. 
 
 2. To pay in coin as per contract in mortgage, 14 
 
 S. & R. 254. 
 
 3. On mortgage in name op holder of legal title, 4 
 
 R. 394. 
 
 4. On recital in mortgage, 6 Barr 254 ; 11 Wr. 415. 
 
 5. For taxes, 3 C. 49. 
 
 6. For cost of collection, 7 W. 126. 
 
 7. On failure to pay interest, 7 W. 126 ; 8 Wr. 32; 1 
 
 S. 78. 
 
 8. To contribution, 1 W. & S. 544. 
 
 9. To BE compelled to testify as to consideration of 
 
 mortgage, 6 H. 215. 
 
 IV. Release of, IS. & R. 312; 1 W. 494; 7 W. & S. 79; 
 6 Barr 228; 9 Barr 32. 
 
 MORTMAIN. 
 
 Application of statute of, to religious societies, 1 W. 218; 3 
 S. 292. See Charitable Uses. 
 
 MOTHER. 
 
 I. Rights of. 
 
 1. To action for marrying minor child, 1 Barr 431. 
 
 2. To action for seduction of daughter, 6 S. & R. 
 
 175; 8S. &R. 175; 2 W. 474. 
 
 3. To action for slander of child, 11 S. & R. 343. 
 
 4. Under the Apprentice Laws, 6 S. & R. 340; 6 Wh. 
 
 402. 
 
MOTHER— MUNICIPAL BONDS. 551 
 
 MOTE'ER— continued. 
 
 5. To ACTION EOB INJURY TO CHILD, 4 S. 375; 5 S. 501. 
 
 6. To ACTION FOR DEATH OF CHILD BY NEGLIGENCE, 4 S. 
 
 495 ; 17 S. 300. 
 
 7. To CHARGE OP MINOR CHILD, 4 B. 487 ; 6 B. 255 ; 6 S. 
 
 & R. 340; 5Barr487. 
 
 8. To SERVICES OF CHILD, 4 S. 375. 
 
 9. To ALLOW ENLISTMENT OF MINOR, 4 B. 487 ; 1 BaiT 
 
 431. 
 
 10. To INHERIT FROM CHILD, 2 Gr. 157; 8 S. 56. 
 
 11. Under Intestate Law, 6 B. 422; 1 S. & R. 222; 7 
 
 Barr 448 ; 2 Gr. 157. See Descent. 
 
 12. To PROVE LEGITIMACY OF CHILD, 5 0. 420. 
 
 13. To WAGES OF MINOR CHILD, 7 Biirr 21. 
 
 14. To SECURE DEBT DUE FROM CHILD, 9 H. 327. 
 
 15. To ADMINISTER ESTATE OF CHILD, 2 Gr. 157. 
 
 II. Liability of. 
 
 1. Fou maintenance OP CHILDREN, 2 W. 408 ; 8 W. 366 ; 
 
 6 Wh. 403. 
 
 2. On contract as to estate op, in ignorance of her 
 
 RIGHTS, 2 Gr. 157. 
 
 III. Distribution op personal property op, 3 Y. 203. 
 
 MOTION. 
 
 To quash appeaL 
 
 Suspends proceedings, 12 Wr. 202. See Appeal. 
 
 MOYAMENSING. 
 
 1. Roads in, 4 S. & R. 106. 
 
 2. Election of commissioner in, 2 R. 369. 
 
 3. Powers of commissioner in, 2 R. 369. 
 
 MULATTO. 
 
 Power of poor directors to bind as apprentice, 1 Y. 368. 
 
 MUNICIPAL BONDS. 
 
 1. Authorized on condition, 7 Wr. 391. 
 
 2. Compliance with conditions in, when inferred, 7 
 
 Wr. 391. 
 
 3. To private corporations, 7 Wr. '391, 400. See Rail- 
 
 roads. 
 
 4. Op Pittsburgh to Pittsburgh and Connellsville 
 
 Railroad Company, 7 Wr. 391. 
 
 5. Transfer of, 1 Wr. 237 ; 5 Wr. 63 ; 6 Wr. 400. 
 
552 MUNICIPAL BONDS— MUNICIPAL CLAIMS, &o. 
 
 MUNICIPAL BOl^iBS— continued. 
 
 6. Holders of, how affected by acts op county and bail- 
 
 road COMPANY, 1 Wr. 237 ; 7 Wr. 400. 
 
 7. Held subject to equity of original parties, 10 C. 497; 
 
 1 Wr. 353 ; 11 Wr. 367. 
 
 8. When subject to attachment, 5 Wr. 229. 
 
 9. Form of judgment on attachment, 5 Wr. 229. 
 10. Action on. 
 
 When notice to purchaser, i Wr. 353. 
 
 Defence to, 1 Wr. 237. 
 
 Decree in, effect of on holders and purchasers, 1 Wr. 353. 
 
 What may be recovered on, 11 Wr. 367. 
 
 MUNICIPAL CLAIMS AND LIENS. 
 
 1. General rules as to right to enforce charge by, 2 
 
 Wr. 339 ; 11 S. 399. 
 
 2. Proper mode of assessing amount op, 12 C. 64; 10 
 
 Wr. 358, 365. 
 Are not taxes within Act of February 3, 1824, 7 C. 99. 
 Form of claim, 2 Barr 216, 224 ; 3 H. 224; 6 C. 58 ; 12 
 
 C. 64; 1 Wr. 125; 3 Wr. 413. 
 When evidence, 1 H. 117. 
 Are proceedings in rem, 1 H. 260. 
 Who may file claim, 3 Gr. 311. 
 Limitation as to, 2 Barr 226. 
 
 Application of Mechanics' Lien Law to, 6S. 21; 16 S.449. 
 Validity of as against prior mortgage, 4 Wr. 455. 
 Provision in Act adding 20 per cent, to cost, construed, 
 
 6 S. 21. 
 How affected by fraud in contract for work, 5 C. 68. 
 How affected by recovery of damages for opening street, 
 
 5 Wr. 467. 
 Scire facias on, 12 C. 29; 10 S. 467. 
 Pleas in, 19 S. 365. 
 Evidence in, 1 H. 117; 14 Wr. 539; 1 Gr. 208; 10 
 
 S. 467. 
 Measure of damages in, 12 C. 62. 
 Application of Affidavit of Defence Law to, 1 Gr. 208 ; 
 
 6 S. 21. 
 Judgment on, 6 C. 63; 12 C. 126. 
 Payment of claim before sheriff's sale, 4 W. & S. 294 ; 
 
 12 H. 450 ; 6 C. 63. 
 Effect of sheriff's sale on, 8 W. & S. 444 ; 1 H. 113 ; 
 
 6 C. 56, 63; 6 Wr. 60 ; 17 S. 345; 19 S. 16. 
 Right of sheriff's vendee under, 6 C. 63. 
 ' Redemption of property sold under, 8 C. 407 ; 9 C. 94. 
 
MUNICIPAL CORPOKATIONS. 553 
 
 MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS. See Philadelphia. 
 
 I. Relation of Commonwealth to, consideeed, 11 Wr, 
 
 314; 2 S. 274; 14 S. 180,181. 
 
 II. Charter op. 
 
 1. General rules relative to, 3 Y. 354 ; 3 P. & W. 502 ; 
 
 5 W. & S. 286; 4 C. 256; 11 C. 385; 12 C. 80; 2 
 Gr. 135; 3 Gr. 203; 2 S. 391; 6 S. 66. 
 
 2. When evidence, 5 Wr. 330. 
 
 3. Power oe councils over, 8 C. 339 ; 13 S. 388. 
 
 4. Forfeiture of, 2 H. 177. 
 
 III. Who are corporators, 10 H. 385. 
 
 IV. -Corporate rights and powers of. 
 
 1. Generally, 15 S. 157, 189. 
 
 2. As TO taxation, 1 W. & S. 428; 2 C. 46; 4 0. 249; 7 
 
 C. 15; 2 Wr. 339, 508; 4 Wr. 68; 5 Wr. 60; 8 Wr. 
 113, 118; 10 Wr. 358, 865; 11 Wr. 488; 1 Gr. 438; 
 3 S. 280; 12 S. 492. 
 
 3. To SUB TAX collector, 1 W. & S. 428. 
 
 4. Over streets and alleys within corporate limits, 
 
 14 S. & R. 447; 3 R. 195; 3 P. & W. 253, 259 ; 2 
 W. 23; 8 W. 172; 9 W. 382; 5 Wh. 18, 823; 6 Wh. 
 25, 45; 4 W. & S. 514, 516; 8 W. & S. 86; 8 Barr 
 89; 10 Barr 93; 2 J. 318; 4 H. 190; 9 H. 189; 2 0. 
 46 ; 11 C. 231; 2 Wr. 247; 5 Wr. 63, 68, 463; 8 Wr. 
 118; 11 Wr. 314; 12 Wr. 53, 820, 487; 14 Wr. 499; 
 8 S. 280; 4 S. 358 ; 9 S. 455. See Streets. 
 
 5. To ORDER paving, 5 C. 871; 11 C. 427; 12 C. 64; 2 
 
 Wr. 471; 8 Wr. 118; 10 Wr. 858; 12 Wr. 483; 14 
 Wr. 539; 15 S. 146, 157, 189; 19 S. 328, 852. 
 As to markets, 6 W. & S. 269; 9 C. 202, 212; 2 Wr. 
 208. 
 
 6. As TO CONSTRUCTION OF SEWERS AND CULVERTS, 11 C. 
 
 401; 2 Wr. 339, 503; 4 Wr. 364; 11 Wr. 9. 
 
 7. As TO ERECTION OF WOODEN BUILDNGS, 2 Y. 493 ; 2 R. 262. 
 
 8. As TO ERECTION OF WATERWORKS, 3 Y. 491; 8 C. 387; 
 
 15 S. 157,159, 160; 18 S. 106. 
 
 9. To ASSESS COST OP LOCAL IMPROVEMENT ON PROPERTY 
 
 OWNERS, 5 R. 291; 1 H. 104; 11 C. 401, 427; 2 Wr. 
 839, 503; 8 Wr. 113; 10 Wr. 358, 365; 11 Wr. 9. 
 
 10. To SUBSCRIBE FOR STOCK, 9 H. 147, 188; 8 C. 141, 218 ; 
 
 12 C. 263; 5 Wr. 278, 279 ; 7 Wr. 400 ; 11 Wr. 189. 
 To abate nuisances, 2 Wr. 359. 
 
 11. To ENACT AND ENFORCE ORDINANCES, 2 D. 4, 236 ; 1 Y. 
 
554 MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS. 
 
 MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS— cowiSmwecZ. 
 
 471, 473; 2 Y. 493, 501; 3 Y. 54, 475, 491; 2 B. 
 
 441; 3 B. 220; 1 S. & R. 217; 3 S. &. R. 29; 5 S. 
 
 & R. 610; 8 P. & W. 253; 2 W. 363; 2 J. 318; 9 C. 
 
 202; 4 Wr. 124. 
 Manner of enacting, 4 Wr. 124; 9 S. 62, 461. 
 Publication of, 9 S. 455. 
 
 Manner of construing, 10 W. 309 ; 10 S. 467. 
 Requisites for conviction under, 4 D. 267 ; 1 Y. 131. 
 Statutory ratification of, 19 S. 329. 
 As to clocks, 5 H. 104. 
 As to party walls, 11 H. 34 ; 11 S. 118. 
 
 12. To TRIAL BY JURY, 2 S. 374. 
 
 13. To APPEAL, 2 B. 264; 9 S. & R. 227; 6 W. & S. 16; 4 
 
 C. 207; 8 C. 443. 
 
 14. Under implied contract, 8 Wr. 303. 
 
 15. To ACT AS TRUSTEE, 3 R. 170 ; 6 C. 437 ; 14 S. 181, 
 
 183. 
 
 16. To EXTEND BOUNDARY, 6 S. 163. 
 
 Authenticity of plot or draft of, 10 Barr 93 ; 1 J. 434 ; 
 
 4 Wr. 606 ; 4 H. 79. 
 When part of deed for lots in, 12 Wr. 253 ; 14 Wr. 499 ; 
 
 6 S. 431; 17 S. 9; 19 S. 346; 20 S. 199. 
 
 17. Distinction between legislation and contract by, 7 
 
 0. 185. 
 
 18. Grants by, construed, 2 C. 355. 
 As to salary of mayor, 6 S. & R. 322. 
 
 V. Jurisdiction os Quarter Sessions over streets in, 8 
 
 W. 172 ; 4 Barr 303 ; 8 Barr 89 ; 4 Wr. 284 ; 11 Wr. 314. 
 
 VI. Councils of. 
 
 1. Organization of, 11 Wr. 292. 
 
 2. Power of over charter, 3 C. 339; 13 S. 888. 
 
 3. Must conform to charter, 3 Y. 54 ; 3 P. & W. 506. 
 
 4. Are not a legislature, 20 S. 465. 
 
 5. Powers as to qualification of members, 20 S. 465. 
 
 6. What offices are incompatible with, 20 S. 465. 
 
 7. Meetings of, 9 H. 189. 
 
 8. May act by committees, 2 H. 177. 
 
 9. Resolutions of, when evidence, 5 Wr. 68. 
 
 10. May remove officers, 6 S. & R. 823 ; 4 Barr 49. 
 
 11. Right of member to act as surety for treasurer, 20 
 
 S. 465. 
 
MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS. 555 
 
 MUNICIPAL OORPORATIOiaS— continued. 
 
 12. Effect on, of change from borough to city, 7 C. 
 515. 
 
 VII. Clerk, appointment op, 1 Y. 180. 
 
 VIII. Recorder of. 
 
 1. Not a judge under the Constitution, 4 D. 229 ; 3 
 
 Y. 310, 314. 
 
 2. Is EX OFFICIO JUSTICE OF THE PEACE, 3 Y. 314; 3 H. 
 
 272. 
 
 3. May hold office under the United States, 3 Y. 
 
 314. 
 
 IV. Liability of. 
 
 For nuisance, 17 S. 355. 
 
 For injury to private property, 8 Wr. 348 ; 10 Wr. 213. 
 
 For deficiency of water in case of fire, 19 S. 420, 
 
 For injury from drainage, 12 H. 449 ; 11 C. 324 ; 4 Wr. 
 
 364. 
 For opening streets, 1 W. & S. 346 ; 1 Barr 93 ; 5 H. 
 
 524; 7 H. 329; 2 C. 46; 11 C. 231; 2 Wr. 247, 
 
 286, 459 ; 4 Wr. 300 ; 5 Wr. 463 ; 12 Wr. 487 ; 3 
 
 S. 280 ; 4 S. 353 ; 8 S. 408 ; 11 S. 422, 424 ; 16 S. 
 
 132 ; 18 S. 82 ; 20 S. 125, 332. See Streets. 
 For injury in grading streets, 9 W. 382 ; 4 W. & S. 516 ; 
 
 6 H. 187, 189 ; 5 C. 391 ; 11 C. 324 ; 1 Gr. 208 ; 3 
 
 S. 286 ; 16 S. 454, 456. See Streets. 
 For not repairing streets, 10 H. 384 ; 10 C. 293. 
 For not repairing sewers, 4 Wr. 364. See Culverts. 
 For injury by negligence, 9 W. 382 ; 4 W. & S. 516 ; 5 
 
 W. & S. 545; 6 H. 187; 10 H. 55, 384; 10 C. 
 
 293; 11 C. 284; 8 Wr. 348; 10 Wr. 213. 
 For issuing small notes, 7 H. 81. 
 For neglect of wharves, 10 H. 55. 
 For abuse of franchise, 2 C. 287. 
 For abuse of official powers, 11 Wr. 103. 
 For contracts of officers, 2 H. 81 ; 7 C. 185. 
 For errors of surveyor, 8 Wr. 348. 
 For injury done by mob, 1 H. 76. 
 On implied contract, 8 Wr. 303 ; 9 Wr. 464. 
 To mandamus, 7 Wr. 400. 
 Proceedings against for private injury, 3 Barr 340 ; 8 
 
 Barr 89 ; 2 C. 46. 
 Where to be sued, 5 W. & S. 181. 
 Form of narr. against, 10 H. 385. 
 Appeals by, 2 B. 264 ; 9 S. & R. 227 ; 6 W. & S. 16 ; 4 
 
 C. 207 ; 8 C. 443. 
 
556 MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS— MURDER. 
 
 MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS— conimMe^Z. 
 Right to trial by jury, 2 S. 374. 
 Elections. 
 
 MUNICIPAL ELECTIONS. 
 
 Regularity of inquired into. See Contested Election. 
 Right of alien to vote at, 2 B. 180. 
 Right of soldiers to vote at, 5 Wr. 396. 
 
 MUNICIPAL OFFICERS. 
 Compensation of, 3 Wr. 335. 
 
 MURDER. 
 
 1. Definition op, 4 D. 125, 145, 426, 429; 4 Barr 264; 1 
 
 Gr. 484 ; 11 S. 352. 
 
 2. Presumption as to, 8 S. 9 ; 13 S. 234. 
 
 3. Malice, defined. See Malice. 
 
 4. In first degree, 4 D. 148; 12 H. 
 
 55; 8 S. 9. 
 
 5. In second degree, 7 C. 198; 8 S. 
 
 6. In third degree, 7 C. 198; 8 S. 
 
 7. Under Revised Code, 1 "Wr. 108 ; 
 
 8. When excusable, 7 W. & S. 415; 2 Wr. 265; 8 S. 10. 
 
 9. In resisting attempt to commit felony, 7 W. & S. 415. 
 
 10. Where to be tried, 4 D. 426; 19 S. 287. 
 
 11. Indictment for, 2 D. 229 ; 6 B. 179; 7 W. & S. 415; 5 
 
 C. 441; 14 Wr. 9 ; 9 S. 371. 
 
 12. Presence op prisoner necessary on trial, 4 H. 129 ; 
 
 10 H. 94 ; 19 S. 286. 
 
 13. Evidence in. 
 
 As to habits and disposition of prisoner, 1 Wr. 108 ; 14 
 
 Wr. 45. 
 As to threats by prisoner, 8 Wr. 386 ; 14 Wr. 9. 
 As to animus of prisoner, 8 Wr. 386 ; 14 Wr. 9. 
 As to character and habits of deceased, 8 Wr. 386. 
 Value of circumstantial, 8 Barr 269; 5 C. 101. 
 As to testimony before coroner, 5 C. 102. 
 As to confession. See Confession. 
 Record of proceeding how kept, 4 H. 133 ; 10 H. 94 ; 14 
 
 Wr, 9 ; 8 S. 9. 
 Power of court to discharge jury, 11 H. 12. 
 Power of court to fix degree, 9 S. 371. 
 
 14. Verdict in. 
 
 Against several defendants, 5 C. 429. 
 
 386; 
 
 7C. 
 
 198; 
 
 8 Wr. 
 
 10. 
 
 1 (\ 
 
 
 
 
 LU. 
 8S. 
 
 10. 
 
 
 
MURDER— NATIONAL ROAD. 557 
 
 MURDER — continued. 
 
 What cured by verdict, 5 C. 441. 
 
 Right of jury to fix degree of, 12 Wr. 396 ; 9 S. ^71. 
 
 15. Sentence for. 
 
 At adjourned court, 5 C. 102. 
 
 16. Error in, 14 Wr. 9 ; 15 S. 51. 
 
 MUSTERING OFFICERS OF UNITED STATES. 
 Testimony as to taking and paying for recruits, 8 S. 106. 
 
 MUTUAL ACCOUNTS, 1 C. 296 ; 1 Gr. 222. See Accounts, 
 Mutual. 
 
 MUTUAL COVENANT. See Covenant. 
 
 MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANY. See Insurance. 
 
 MUTUAL MISTAKE. 
 
 Relief from, 7 W. & S 253. See Mistake. 
 
 MUTUAL NEGLIGENCE. See Negligence. 
 
 NAMES. 
 
 1. Of parties to suit, 1 Barr 477; 1 Wr. 87, 130, 210 ; 2 
 
 Wr. 72; 7 Wr. 82, 88; 8 Wr. 457; 11 Wr. 115; 13 Wr. 
 83. See Amendment 4. 
 
 2. Of party in patent. See Patent. 
 
 3. Of watercourse, how proved, 4 Y. 262. 
 
 4. Initial between christian and surname, 4 W. 329 ; 10 
 
 Barr 186. 
 
 5. In judgment docket. 
 
 Must be in full, 11 Wr. 128. 
 Must be in English, 4 Wr. 453. 
 
 6. Of legatee. 
 
 Corrected by description in will, 2 D. 70, 71 ; 7 Wr. 102. 
 
 7. Of firm. 
 
 Effect of change of in action against, 5 Wr. 214. 
 
 NATIONAL BANKS. 
 
 1. Independent of state laws, 5 S. 45. 
 
 2. Liability of, for debts of original state bank, 6 S. 83. 
 
 3. Tender of notes of insolvent, 6 S. 82. 
 
 4. Application op Bankrupt Law to, 6 S. 14. 
 
 NATIONAL BANK STOCK. 
 
 Taxation of, 4 S. 139; 5 S. 45. 
 
 NATIONAL ROAD. 
 
 Collection of tolls on, 2 W. & S. 163. 
 
558 NATUEAL AFFECIION— NECESSARY TOOLS. 
 
 NATURAL AFFECTION. See Contract 14. 
 
 NAVAL APPRENTICES. 
 
 Power of Congress to provide for, 4 B. 487. 
 
 NAVIGABLE RIVERS. ■ 
 
 1. What are, 1 Y. 169; 14 S. & R. 9; 9 0. 341; 5 Wr. 
 
 147; 6 Wr. 219; 10 S. 339; 13 S. 9. 
 
 2. Right of commonwealth over, 14 S. & R. 79; 1 P. & 
 
 W. 462; IW. &S. 346; 5Wr. 147; 6 Wr. 219 ; 10 
 Wr. 112; 18 Wr. 424; 11 S. 21; 13 S. 66. 
 
 3. Right to, favored in Pennsylvania, 3 C. 303. 
 
 4. Subject to state regulations, 15 S. 899. 
 
 5. Effect of declaring a stream navigable, 12 C. 194. 
 
 6. Means of navigation, discussed, 3 H. 9, 13. 
 
 7. Interruption of, by bridge company, 8 C. 303; 5 Wr. 
 
 147; 6 Wr. 219; 10 Wr. 112. 
 
 8. Removal of obstructions in, 10 H. 54, 388: 4 C. 195; 
 
 15 S. 135, 140. 
 
 9. Right of riparian owners to, 2 B. 475; 5 W. 458; 8 
 
 W. 470; 1 Wh. 124; 2 Wh. 508; 4 C. 206; 7 C. 87; 
 6 Wr. 219; 9 Wr. 61; 18 S. 66, 210. 
 
 10. Dams in. See Dam. 
 
 11. Power of port wardens over, 6 Wr. 209. See Port 
 
 Wardens. 
 
 NAVIGATION. 
 
 1. Obstruction of, 9 C. 301; 15 S. 135. 
 
 2. Rights and duties of persons engaged in, 9 W. & S. 9; 
 
 9 C. 175, 301. 
 
 NAVIGATION COMPANY. 
 
 Charter of White Deer, construed, 17 S. 415. 
 
 NAVIGATION LAW. 
 
 Contract in violation of, 4 Y. 301. 
 
 Duty of master of captured vessel under, 2 B. 574. 
 
 NEAREST RELATIONS. 
 
 Meaning of, in will, 1 Barr 506. 
 
 NECESSARIES, 7 W. 289; 1 S. 80. See Married Women, 
 XX. 
 
 NECESSARY AND CONVENIENT. 
 Distinguished, 3 R. 256. 
 
 NECESSARY TOOLS OF A TRADESMAN. 
 
 Meaning of, in Exemption Law, 2 Wh. 25; 4 Barr 471. 
 
NECESSITY— NEGLIGENCE. 559 
 
 NECESSITY. 
 
 1. Right of way from, 3 R. 442; 10 H. 333; 4 C. 199; 2 
 
 Wr. 487. 
 
 2. Lateral railroad allowed from, 4 Wr. 377. 
 
 NEGATIVE TESTIMONY. 
 Admissibility of, 1 W. 271, 275. 
 
 NEGLIGENCE. 
 
 L Definition of, 8 H. 130, 133; 11 C. 60; 10 Wr. 192, 816; 
 11 Wr. 244, 300 ; 13 Wr. 60 ; IS. 481; 4 S. 353 ; 15 
 S. 273. 
 
 2. Presumption as to, 5 R. 189 ; 8 Barr 482 ; 7 H. 295 ; 6 
 
 C. 234; 2 Wr. 489 ; 11 Wr. 244; 1 S. 315; 5 S. 53, 
 140; 7 S. 172, 874; 11 S. 361; 14 S. 230; 16 S. 303; 
 17 S. 500. 
 
 3. General rules as to, 3 S. 486; 12 S. 353; 17 S. 311; 
 
 19 S. 36. 
 
 4. Waiver of consequences of by special contract, 8 Barr 
 
 479; 12 H. 470; 6 C. 242; 8 C. 414; 1 S. 315; 2 S. 
 382; 7 S. 385; 12 S. 47; 17 S. 500. See Carrier, 
 III. 
 
 5. In performance of contract, 1 W. & S. 60 ; 8 W. 130, 
 
 388 ; 2 C. Ill, 387; 1 S. 134 ; 7 S. 874. 
 
 6. In performance of act of mercy, 7 S. 187. 
 
 7. In performance of lawful acts, 10 Barr 93 ; 1 H. 622 ; 
 
 4 H. 463; 5 H. 365; 8 H. 387; 2 C. Ill, 387; 6 S. 
 445; 7 S. 374; 9 S. 259. 
 
 8. In legal proceedings, 8 S. & R. 502 ; 1 P. & W. 229. 
 
 9. As to property of trespasser, 7 C. 510. 
 
 10. Of public officers, 8 S. & R. 502; 1 P. & W. 229; 5 
 
 W. & S. 545 ; 10 Barr 98 ; 10 H. 54, 211, 384. 
 
 11. Of bank officers, 12 S. & R. 61; 2 Wr. 135; 12 S. 47. 
 
 12. Op executors, 11 C. 94. 
 
 13. Of carriers. See Carriers. 
 
 14. Of servants, 2 C. 482 ; 1 S. 148 ; 7 S. 374. See Rail- 
 
 road Companies. 
 
 15. Of subcontractor, 10 Wr. 218; 1 S. 475; 7 S. 374. 
 
 16. Of municipal corporation. See Municipal Corpora- 
 
 ration, IV. 
 
 17. Of assignee for creditors, 3 Wr. 160. 
 
 18. Of private corporations, 10 Barr 93 ; 10 H. 54, 384 ; 2 
 
 Wr. 185 ; 6 Wr. 365 ; 7 Wr. 449 ; 8 Wr. 175, 848 ; 10 
 
560 NEGLIGENCE. 
 
 'S'EGLIGEI^G'E— continued. 
 
 Wr. 151, 213; 11 Wr. 244, 300; 12 Wr. 320; 6 S. 
 445. See Railroad. 
 
 19. Of innkeeper, 4 "Wr. 95. 
 
 20. Of traveller in crossing railroad, 5 S. 396. 
 
 21. Of children, 7 0. 358, 370; 3 Wr. 177; 7 Wr. 172, 
 
 187; 10 Wr. 192, 300, 316; 12 Wr. 218, 320; 13 
 Wr. 60. 
 
 22. In Maritime Law, 9 C. 301. 
 
 23. Action for. See Case. 
 
 Jurisdiction of justice of the peace in, 13 S. & R. 102; 
 
 2 P. & W. 292. 
 Jurisdiction of Common Pleas in, 4 R. 7 ; 2 P. & W. 
 
 292 ; 2 W. 121 ; 9 W. 119 ; 6 Wh. 336 ; 1 H. 626; 
 
 4H. 463; 5 H. 361; 8 H. 387; 10 H. 55; 11 H. 
 
 209; 2 C. Ill, 119; 3 C. 183. 
 Declaration in, where special damage is claimed, 8 Barr 
 
 479; 1 S. 315. 
 When a question of law, 8 C. 414 ; 9 C. 318; 11 C. 60 ; 
 
 4 Wr. 399 ; 1 S. 431 ; 3 S. 250 ; 6 S. 294, 298, 
 
 299; 7 S. 172; 13 S. 17; 14 S. 206, 207; 16 S. 
 
 30. 
 When a question of fact, 11 H. 374; 5 C. 457; 11 C. 
 
 60; 4 Wr. 399, 406, 408; 5 Wr. 386; 8 Wr. 175; 
 
 10 Wr. 192, 316; 11 Wr. 300, 305; 12 Wr. 13, 60, 
 
 218, 320; 1 S. 315; 2 S. 281, 382; 6 S. 295; 7 
 
 S. 172; 11 S. 56, 361; 12 S. 47; 14 S. 206, 207; 
 
 15 S. 273, 274; 16 S. 30; 17 S. 311. 
 Onus of proof as to, 10 W. 335; 6 Wh. 435 ; 
 
 44; 6 0. 246; 4 Wr. 399; 5 Wr. 378; 5 
 S. 506. 
 Evidence in. 
 
 For plaintiff, 8 Barr 366, 479 ; 3 H. 188 ; 
 8H. 388; 11 U. 147; 2 0. Ill, 119 
 4 Wr. 399, 408; 8 Wr. 175; 10 Wr. 
 11 Wr. 30.0; 12 Wr. 218, 320; 5 S. 
 339; 13 S. 97; 16 S. 30; 17 S. 311, 500. 
 For defendant, 2 W. 114; 8 W. 479; 4 H. 463; 11 
 H. 147; 1 S. 315; 7 S. 379; 16 S. 30. 
 Special verdict in, 3 S. 250. 
 Damages, 4 D. 206; 1 B. 178, 463; 12 S. & R. 183: 
 
 16 S. & R. 393; 4 H. 463; 11 H. 147; 7 C. 372; 
 9 C. 330; 11 C. 60; 12 C. 298; 1 S. 315; 3 S. 
 453; 7 8.335,339; 20 S. 119. 
 
 Forfeiture for, 6 Wr. 173. 
 
 8 W. 
 
 &S. 
 
 S. 53; 17 
 
 4H. 
 
 463; 
 
 ; 3C 
 
 . 95; 
 
 192, 
 
 316; 
 
 63; 
 
 7 S. 
 
NEGLIGENCE— NEGROES. 561 
 
 NEGLIGENCE— coM^mwecZ. 
 
 Waiver of, 7 Barr 27; IS. 315; 2 S. 382. 
 24. Concurrent and mutual. 
 
 What is, 6Wh. 811; 8 C. 292. 
 Efifect of, 5 W. & S. 524; 1 J. 141; 4 H.463; 10 H. 
 65, 385; 11 H. 147, 526; 12 H. 465; 3 C. 95; 
 6 C. 454; 8 C. 414, 416; 9 C. 301, 318; 11 C. 
 60; 4Wr. 399; 6Wr. 493; lOWr. 151; 11 Wr. 
 244; 12 Wr 218, 320; 13 Wr. 60, 186: 1 S. 
 240; 2 S. 286, 390, 436; 5 S. 227, 288, 401; 6 
 S. 204, 280; 7 S. 172, 187; 9 S. 211; 12 S. 
 329; 16 S. 30, 345, 393; 20 S. 363. 
 
 NEGOTIABILITY. 
 
 1. Of coupons, 8 Wr. 63. 
 
 2. Of county bonds, 1 Wr. 237 ; 8 Wr. 63. 
 
 3. Of railroad company bonds, 8 Wr. 63. 
 
 4. Of bills and notes. See Bills and Notes. 
 
 NEGOTIABLE PAPER. 
 
 Riglit of party to invalidate. See Bills and Notes, IV. 4. 
 
 Coupons, 8 Wr. 63. 
 
 County bonds, 1 Wr. 237 ; 5 Wr. 63 ; 6 Wr. 63. 
 
 Railroad bonds, 8 Wr. 63. 
 
 Of promissory notes. See Bills and Notes. 
 
 NEGROES. 
 
 I. Free. 
 
 1. May be bound out as servants, 1 Y. 368 ; 4 Y. 204. 
 
 2. Not to be taken out of the state, 4 S. & R. 217. 
 
 3. Rights of. 
 
 To ride in railroad cars, 5 S. 209. 
 
 To sue for services, 3 P. & W. 212. 
 
 To vote at public elections, 6 W. 553. 
 
 To acquire pre-emption right to land, 1 Gr. 23. 
 
 To action for selling as a slave, 4 Y. 109. 
 
 4. Indictment for selling as a slave, 3 Y. 224. 
 
 II. Slaves. 
 
 1. Origin of here, 1 D. 168. 
 
 2. Property in, how acquired, 1 D. 169. 
 
 3. Rights of slaveholder, 3 D. 24; 2 Y. 234. 
 
 4. Registry of, 4 D. 115 ; 2 Y. 235 ; 3 Y. 259, 261, 572 ; 
 
 4 Y. 115; 3 B. 101; 4 B. 186; 1 S. & R. 22; 2 S. 
 & R. 18; 3 S. & R. 161, 401; 5 S. & R. 333; 6 S. & 
 36 
 
562 NEGROES— NEUTRAL POWERS. 
 
 NEGROES— conimMecZ. 
 
 R. 425; 10 S. & R. 366; 11 S. & R. 360; 15 S. & 
 R. 36; IP. & W. 93. 
 
 5. Amendment op retukn of, 2 R. 204. 
 
 6. Children of, follow the condition of mother, 
 
 1 D. 169 ; 14 S. & R. 442 ; 15 S. & R. 18. 
 
 7. Evidence on claim for freedom, 1 S. & R. 175. 
 
 8. Liberation of. 
 
 For not registering, 1 D. 469 ; 2 Y. 234, 440. 
 
 For defective registry, 1 Y. 480 ; 2 Y. 234. 
 
 By residence in free state, 2 Y. 234, 449 ; 6 B. 207, 213 
 
 7 S. & R. 378 ; 1 W. 155, 158. 
 By contract for manumission, 4 Y. 82, 204. 
 By birth in a free state, 2 S. & R. 305. 
 By will of owner, 15 S. & R. 17. 
 By visit to free state, 8 B. 213. 
 Decision as to, conclusiveness of, 5 S. & R. 62. 
 Effect of on warrantor of title to, 2 R. 204. 
 
 9. Settlement of, 3 B. 22 ; 6 S. & R. 103. 
 
 10. Absconding, 2 D. 227 ; 3 S. & R. 3 ; 7 S. & R. 378. 
 
 11. Action for harboring, 10 Barr 514. 
 
 12. Competency of as witness, 4 D. 145. 
 
 NEIGHBORHOOD. 
 
 Definition of, 1 P. & W. 32. 
 
 NEPHEWS AND NIECES "OF EVERY DESCRIPTION." 
 
 1. In will, construed, 2 Y. 198. 
 
 2. What included within term, 2 Y. 198 ; 6 Wr. 25. 
 
 3. Distribution to under intestate law, 5 Barr 164 ; 11 
 
 C. 267 ; 4 Wr. 387 ; 10 S. 380. See Descent. 
 
 NEUTRALITY. 
 
 1. Warranty of in insurance contract. 
 
 What implied in, 2 S. & R. 119. 
 
 2. Breach of, 2 D. 270; 2 Y. 178; 3 Y. 376; 4 Y. 293; 2 
 
 B. 309, 363 ; 3 B. 457 ; 2 S. & R. 119. 
 
 3. Violation of, 2 D. 321, 365, 367; 3 D. 285, 307. 
 
 NEUTRAL POWERS. 
 
 1. Rights of. 
 
 As between belligerents, 2 D. 275; 3 D. 192. 
 After notice of blockade, 5 S. & R. 71. 
 
 2. Duties of. 
 
 After notice of blockade, 5 S. & R. 71. 
 
 3. Liability of. 
 
 For breach of blockade, 5 S. & R. 71. 
 
NEUTRAL PROPERTY— NEW TRIAL. 563 
 
 NEUTRAL PROPERTY. 
 
 1. What is, 1 D. 4, 21, 34. 
 
 2. What implied in warranty of, 2 S. & R. 119. 
 
 3. Capturb of, 2 D. 84. 
 
 NEUTRAL SHIPS. 
 Liability of. 
 
 1. to seizure for examination, 1 d. 333. 
 
 2. For breach of blockade, 5 S. & R. 71. 
 
 NEW CASTLE AND FRANKLIN RAILROAD CO. 
 Transfer of franchise prevented, 6 S. 413. 
 
 NEW GENEVA. 
 
 Title to lots in, under original plot or draft, discussed, 20 S. 
 202. 
 
 NEW HAMPSHIRE. 
 
 Jurisdiction of courts of in prize cases, 3 D. 86, 97. 
 
 NEW JERSEY. 
 
 Territorial jurisdiction of, 12 S. & R. 203. 
 
 NEWLY-DISCOVERED TESTIMONY. See New Trial. 
 
 NEWSPAPER. 
 
 1. Meaning op in election law, 1 J. 147. 
 
 2. Publication when to be in English, 8 Wr. 277. 
 
 3. Publication of list of defaulting tax-payeks in 
 
 Philadelphia, 11 Wr. 21. 
 
 4. Production of on subp(ena duces tecum, 2 Y. 261. 
 
 5. What passes with sale of materials of, 2 W. 111. 
 
 NEW TRIAL. 
 In court below. 
 I. Power to order, discussed, 3 H. 18. 
 
 1. Motion foe, when to be made, 2 D. 121, 150 ; 1. Y. 
 
 67, 103, 186 ; 2 Y. 155 ; 1 B. 450, 458 ; 4 B. 378 ; 
 13 S. 379. 
 
 2. Notice of, 2 D. 15.0; 1 Y. 103, 186 ; 1 B. 458 ; 4 B. 
 
 378; 1 Wh. 267. 
 
 3. Effect of, 1 S. & R. 149. 
 
 4. When the proper remedy, 2 B. 80, 323 ; 1 S. & R. 
 
 330. 
 
 5. What heard on, 2 Y. 40 ; 4 Y. 443 ; 6 S. & R. 339 ; 
 
 15 S. & R. 125. 
 
564 NEW TRIAL. 
 
 NEW TRIAL— continued. 
 
 6. Order of arsument, 1 Y. 53 ; 4 Y. 446. 
 
 7. What equivalent to refusal of, 4 S. 9. 
 II. When and for what awarded. 
 
 1. General rules as to, 1 D. 234; 3 S. & R. 9; 6 C. 
 
 340; 12 Wr. 291. 
 
 2. For misdirection as to facts, 1 D. 186, 224 ; 3 Y. 
 
 496; 4 Y. 468; 2 B. 80; 3 Barr 50; 3 0. 263. 
 
 3. For admission of improper testimony, 3 Y. 200. 
 
 4. For refusing to send out proper papers with jury, 
 
 17 S. & R. 445. 
 
 5. On feigned issue, 1 Y. 108; 2 Y. 46; 4 Y. 3; IS. 
 
 & R. 330. 
 
 6. When verdict is against the weight of evidence, 1 
 
 D. 234; 4 D. 112; 2 Y. 514, 522; 4 Y. 322; 6 S. &R. 
 298. 
 
 7. For misbehavior of jury, 2 D. 55; 1 Y. 372 ; 2 1'. 
 
 166; 1 S. & R. 169; 7 S. & R. 458; 8 W. & S. 391. 
 
 8. When the verdict is contrary to law, 4 D. 112 ; 1 
 
 Y. 14; 2 Y. 166, 514; 2 B. 467; 3 B. 26, 520; 3 P. 
 & W. 493; 4 Wh. 59; 8 W. & S. 291. 
 
 9. When papers were sent out with jury without 
 
 leave of the court, 2 Y. 273. 
 
 10. For insufficient special verdict, 4 D. 315. 
 
 11. When verdict is uncertain, 5 W. 371. 
 
 12. When damages are excessive, 1 Y. 200; 2 Y. 164; 4 
 
 S. & R. 19; 6 S. & R. 420; 10 S. & R. 399. 
 
 13. When jury is interested or biased, 3 D. 515, 518; 1 
 
 Y. 326; 4 Y. 372. 
 
 14. When party has been surprised by unexpected 
 
 testimony, 4 B. 481. 
 
 15. When party has no other remedy for manifest 
 
 INJURY, 3 S. & R. 25. 
 
 16. After two verdicts in same case, 2 B. 467; 3 B. 26, 
 
 520; 4 B. 127, 180; 5 B. 392. 
 
 17. On ground of nbwlt-discoverbd evidence, 4 Y. 446, 
 
 461;'2 B. 582; 5 S. & R. 41; 7 W. & S. 415, 423. 
 
 18. For erroneous order to join in demurrer, 2 S. & R. 
 
 185. 
 
 19. Granted on terms, 3 B. 329; 10 S. & R. 399 ; 1 P. & 
 
 W. 399 ; 10 Wr. 372. 
 
 20. Waiver of terms, 1 P. & W. 399. 
 
NEW TRIAL. 565 
 
 NEW miAJj— continued. 
 
 21. Fulfilment of terms, 10 Wr. 372. 
 
 III. When and for what refused. 
 
 1. Where evidence was balanced, 2 D. 55, 121; 1 Y. 
 
 104, 329, 363; 4 Y. 538; 2 S. & R. 119. 
 
 2. Where the objection is only to amount of damages, 
 
 2 D. 118 ; 4 D. 391; 1 Y. 55, 209 ; 2 Y. 436 ; 4 S. 
 & R. 27, 409. 
 
 3. Where verdict is not unjust, 1 Y. 55, 209 ; 2 Y. 
 
 436; 3 Y. 318; 2 B. 108; 2 S. & R. 119. 
 
 4. Unless error of jury is plainly against the evi- 
 
 dence, 3 B. 317 ; 5 B. 392. 
 
 5. Unless party has no other remedy, 3 S. & R. 25. 
 
 6. Where party was unprepared for trial, 4 Y. 183. 
 
 7. Where new evidence is cumulative, 4 Y. 446, 461 ; 
 
 2 B. 582; 5 S. & R. 41; 7 W. & S. 415. 
 
 8. For finding as to facts against opinion of court, 1 
 
 Y. 327; 2B. 129. 
 
 9. Unless verdict is against law and fact, 2 Y. 51. 
 
 10. After two verdicts, 3 B. 26, 520 ; 4 B. 127, 180 ; 5 
 
 B. 392. 
 
 11. For mistake op party or counsel, 1 Y. 253; 3 S. & 
 
 R. 604. 
 
 12. Where part of verdict has been paid, 2 Y. 156. 
 
 13. Where the exceptions are merely technical, 2 Y. 
 
 436. 
 
 14. After non pros, on error, 4 Y. 385. 
 
 15. Where case depended on the credibility op wit- 
 
 nesses, 4 Y. 446 ; 2 D. 495. 
 
 16. Where interest of juror was known before verdict, 
 
 5 B. 340. 
 
 17. When hardship of verdict only affects a surety, 
 
 3 B. 520. 
 
 18. When only improper testimony was ruled out, 6 B. 
 
 283. 
 
 19. For merely refusing to send out papers with jury, 
 
 17 S. & R. 445. 
 
 20. Where the alleged error is harmless, 1 W. 365. 
 
 21. On account of public excitement, 7 W. & S. 415. 
 
 IV. Action of court on, not reviewed in error, 2 B. 80, 
 93; 2 S. & R. 383; 6 W. & S. 184; 3 C. 263; 3 Gr. 24. 
 
566 NEW TRIAL— NIL DIGIT. 
 
 NEW TRIAL— continued. 
 
 V. Right of plaintiff to remit portion of verdict on 
 
 MOTION for, 2 Wr. 237. See Verdict. 
 
 VI. Allowance of in criminal cases, 13 Wr. 478 ; 7 S. 
 293. 
 
 NEXT FRIEND. 
 
 Of minor. See Minor. 
 
 NEXT OF KIN. 
 
 1. Meaning of in will, 3 Barr 807 ; 6 H. 77 ; 3 C. 55 : 4 
 
 C. 23; 4 Wr. 115; 9 Wr. 430; 10 Wr. 369; 15 S. 419. 
 
 2. Meaning of under Act of 1838, 8 Barr 307 ; 6 H. 478 ; 
 
 4 Wr. 115 ; 9 Wr. 430 ; 10 Wr. 369. 
 
 3. Descent to, 2 D. 268; 4 S. & R. 337; 1 R. 112; 3 Wh. 
 
 476; 3 Barr 307; 5 Barr 164; 6 H. 478; 4 C. 23; 5 
 C. 118; 7 0. 289; 4 Wr. 115; 9 Wr. 430; 10 Wr. 369; 
 2S. 320, 327; 17 S. 446. 
 
 NEXT TERM. 
 
 Meaning of, 1 D. 356; 4 Y. 512; 1 B. 76. 
 
 NICHOLSON COURT. 
 
 Appointment of commissioners in, 4 W. & S. 511. 
 
 NICHOLSON LANDS. 
 
 1. History of, 10 C. 334. 
 
 2. Deed of Commonwealth for, 10 C. 332. 
 
 3. Statute of Limitations, relative to, discussed, 9 Wr. 
 
 141. 
 
 4. Survey of when equivalent to entry on, 9 Wr. 141. 
 
 NIHIL. 
 
 1. Effect of two returns of, 5 S. & R. 211 ; 2 W. 490 ; 4 
 
 W. 270; 2 Wh. 365; 12 H. 491. 
 Effect of one return of, 2 B. 40 ; 1 W. 26 ; 2 ^Y. 491 ; 2 
 Wh. 865. 
 
 2. Return of on summons, 9 C. 134. 
 
 NIL DEBET. 
 
 1. Admissibility of plea of, 2 D. 302; 9 S. & R. 252 ; 12 
 
 H. 518. 
 
 2. Evidence under, 1 R. 135 ; 7 W. & S. 175. 
 
 NIL DICIT. 
 
 1. Against executor, 2 B. 486. 
 
 2. After service of summons, 2 B. 436. 
 
 3. Judgment by, not a judicial act, 1 B. 166 ; 2 B. 436. 
 
NIL HABUET, &c.— NON ACCESS. 567 
 
 NIL HABUET IN TENEMBNTIS. 
 
 Efifect of plea in covenant for rent, 7 Barr 185. 
 
 NISI PRIUS. 
 
 1. Nature of court op, 4 W. & S. 403; 2 Barr 341 ; 3 Gr. 
 
 100, 107. 
 
 2. Judges of may sit in banc, 4 Y. 446. 
 
 3. Jurisdiction of. 
 
 Test of, is matter, not sum in controversy, 3 S. & R. 456, 
 
 461 ■ 2 C 282 
 In equity' cases in Philadelphia, 9 C. 278 ; 20 S. 311. 
 To arrest judgment, 2 Barr 341. 
 In criminal cases, 3 Gr. 99. 
 
 4. Appeal from, 4 W. & S. 403 ; 2 Barr 230, 341, 404, 
 
 406. 
 When to be entered, 4 W. & S. 403 ; 2 Barr 342. 
 When a supersedeas, 4 W. & S. 403. 
 What heard on, 1 H. 247 ; 3 H. 343. 
 
 5. Nonsuit in, how disposed of in banc, 9 W. & S. 187. 
 
 6. Costs in, 4 S. & R. 78. 
 
 NO ASSETS. 
 
 Issue raised by plea of, in action for legacy, 17 S. 34. 
 
 NO CAUSE OF ACTION. 
 
 Inferred from award for defendant, 4 Y. 282. 
 
 NOLLE PROSEQUL 
 
 1. Power of plaintiff to enter, 5 W. 315 ; 5 Wh. 187 ; 7 
 
 S. 316. 
 
 2. Effect of entry in favor op one of several defend- 
 
 ants, 2 R. 335; 5 W. 315; 2 Barr 16, 100; 14 Wr. 
 441; 7 S. 316; 12 S. 112. 
 
 3. Verdict, when equivalent to, 6 S. & R. 412; 2 H 160. 
 
 4. Equivalent to amendment, 7 S. 318. 
 
 5. Liability op county for costs on, 6 H. 493. 
 
 NOMINAL DAMAGES. See Dama&es. 
 
 NOMINAL PLAINTIFF. 
 
 Competency as witness. See Witness. 
 
 NOMINAL WARRANTEE. 
 
 Use of name of in ejectment by real owner, 5 W. 391. 
 
 NON ACCEPTANCE. See Bills and Notes. 
 
 NON ACCESS, PROOF OF, 1 Y. 377 ; 6 B. 283 ; 4 S. 110. 
 
568 NON ASSUMPSIT— NON-JOINDER. 
 
 NGN ASSUMPSIT. 
 
 I. Issue raised by plea of, 5 Wr. 420. 
 
 II. What admitted by, 5 S. & R. 404. 
 
 III. Evidence under. 
 
 1. Generally, 1 D. 208, 429; 2 D. 154 ; 4 D. 130; 4 Y. 
 
 350, 366 ; 2 B. 4 ; 12 S. & R. 243. 
 
 2. Notice op special matter under, 14 S. & R. 453. 
 
 NON CEPIT. 
 
 What admitted by plea of, 3 Wh. 370. 
 
 NON COMPOS MENTIS. See Lunatic : Will. 
 
 NON DAMNIFICATUS. 
 Plea of. 
 
 1. When sufficient, 7 W. 421. 
 
 2. Evidence under plea of, 2 R. 108. 
 
 NON EST FACTUM. 
 I. Plea of. 
 
 1. Affidavit to, 1 H. 90. 
 
 2. Admissibility of, 8 C. 78. 
 
 3. What admitted by, 10 S. & R. 257; 3 C. 517. 
 
 4. Issue raised by, 5 Wr. 470. 
 
 5. Evidence under, 4 Y. 79; 5 S. & R. 427; 10 S. & R. 
 
 25; 16 S. & R. 92; 2W. 225; 10 W. 265; 3 W. & S. 
 444; 7 W. & S. 175; 2 Rarr 54; 3 Barr 1-54; 8 
 Barr467; 17 S. 386. 
 
 NON EST INVENTUS, RETURN OF. 
 
 1. As TO one of several defendants, 5 S. & R. 35. 
 
 2. When proper, 9 C. 134. 
 
 3. Same effect as outlawry, 5 S. & R. 35. 
 
 NON-JOINDER. 
 
 I. Of plaintiffs. 
 
 1. When to be objected to, 2 R. 362 ; 2 P. & W. 199 ; 2 
 
 Wh. 32 ; 4 W. & S. 548 ; 1 H. 497, 501 ; 4 H. 134 ; 
 5 H. 70 ; 7 H. 273 ; 2 0. 458 ; 11 Wr. 51. 
 
 2. Effect of plea in abatement for, 2 R. 362 ; 5 H. 
 
 378 ; 2 S. 238. 
 
 3. May be taken advantage of under plea of payment, 
 
 11 Wr. 61. 
 
 II. Of defendants, correction of, 4 W. 456 ; 5 H. 70 ; 7 
 
 H. 273. 
 1. Not cause for demurrer, 10 H. 278. 
 
NON-JUllOR— NON SOLVIT. 569 
 
 NON-JUROR. 
 
 Disability under Act of June 13, 1777, 1 D. 174. 
 
 NON-NEGOTIABLE PAPERS, TRANSFER OF. See 
 
 Bonds. 
 
 NON OBSTANTE VEREDICTO. 
 
 Entry of judgment. See Reserved Points 5. 
 
 NON-PAYMENT. 
 
 Of negotiable papers. See Bills and Notes. 
 Of draft, notice "njjien unnecessary, 9 Wr. 193. 
 
 NON PROS. 
 
 I. Rule fob. 
 
 1. When to be applied for, 1 D. 347. 
 
 2. When granted, 1 D. 248, 251, 347; 2 D. 105; 2 Y. 
 
 241; 3B. 34; 2 S. & R. 405. 
 
 3. How long in force, 3 B. 413. 
 
 4. Suspension of, 2 S. & R. 167. 
 
 5. Waiver by rule for, 1 D. 405, 410. 
 
 6. Effect of, on interest, 2 B. 156, 428. 
 
 7. Computation of time on, 2 S. & R. 167. 
 
 8. When inadmissible, 12 Wr. 202. 
 
 II. Judgment of. 
 
 1. Entry of when regular, 2 S. & R. 405. 
 
 2. Entry of against some of defendants, 7 S. 316. 
 
 3. When taken off, 2 D. 266. 
 
 4. Power of attorney to restore suit after, 1 B. 469. 
 
 5. Costs on, 4 D. 353 ; 1 B. 469 ; 12 S. & R. 94. 
 
 III. On writ of error, 3 D. 371 ; 4 D. 6 ; 4 Y. 385; 3 B. 
 34; 9 C. 301. 
 
 NON-RESIDENT. 
 
 1. Service of process on, 2 Wr. 300. 
 
 2. Service of notice on, 8 Wr. 86. 
 
 3. Effect of Insolvent Law on, 1 B. 589. 
 
 4. Liability of for taxes, 14 Wr. 208 ; 2 S. 140. 
 
 NON SOLVIT. 
 
 1. Evidence under plea of, 10 S. & R. 344. 
 
 2. Vbrdipt on issue of, 1 D. 462. 
 
570 NONSUIT— NORRIS, J. P. 
 
 NONSUIT. 
 
 1. Power of court to order, 1 Y. 175, 387 ; 1 S. & R. 357 ; 
 
 7 W. 406; 2 H. 197; 8 C. 340; 4 Wr. 364. 
 
 2. When motion eor to be made, 1 D. 18 ; 9 W. & S. 153. 
 
 3. Duty op court on motion for, 2 C. 192. 
 
 4. Eight of plaintiff to enter, 16 S. & R. 117 ; 4 W. 
 
 308 ; 7 W. 406, 496; 7 W. & S. 242; 1 Gr. 164. 
 
 5. Equivalent to demurrer to evidence, 3 W. & S. 14. 
 
 6. At Nisi Prius, 9 W. & S. 187. 
 
 7. In ejectment, 7 W. 406 ; 5 0. 200. See Ejectment. 
 
 8. After appearance before justice of the peace, 2 
 
 Barr 89 ; 5 H. 75. 
 
 9. Not within power of arbitrators, 5 B. 62. 
 
 10. Must be entered in open court, 1 Y. 175; 1 S. & R. 
 
 357. 
 
 11. When awarded, 16 S. & R. 117; 7 W. 406, 496; 9 W. 
 
 &S. 153; 8 C. 340; 9 C. 301. 
 
 12. When improper, 1 Y. 76; 2 Y. 148, 334; 4 Y. 349; 17 
 
 S. &R. 364; 6 Barr 376. 
 
 13. Effect of. 
 
 On previous award, 1 S. & R. 604 ; 11 S. & R. 59, 146 ; 
 
 7 W. 499; 5 W. & S. 371. 
 On claim of plaintiff, 192. 
 On costs paid by opposite party on appeal, 8 W. & S. 
 
 379. 
 
 14. When compulsory, 10 Barr 133. 
 
 15. After appeal by plaintiff, 17 S. & R. 364. 
 
 16. Setting aside of, 1 Y. 253, 440; 11 S. & R. 146. 
 
 17. Review of in error, 2 B. 234; 6 S. & R. 339; 2 W. 
 
 108; 10 C. 358; 2 S. 446; 5 S. 262; 9 S. 481; 15 S. 
 489; 17 S. 226. 
 
 18. Costs on, 3 Y. 559, 583; 16 S. & R. 373; 8 W. & S. 379. 
 
 NON TENET INSIMUL. 
 
 1. Effect and meaning of plea, 12 S. 252. 
 
 2. Evidence under plea of, 1 D. 2; 3 Y. 192; 7 W. 540 ; 
 
 7 Barr 120; IJ. 353; 12 S. 252. 
 
 3. Verdict under, 2 B. 1. 
 
 NON TRANSPORTATION OF GOODS. 
 Action for, 1 Y. 409. 
 
 NORRIS. J. P. 
 
 Will of, construed, 13 Wr. 213 ; 10 S. 261. 
 
NON-USER— NOTAKY PUBLIC. 571 
 
 NON-USER. 
 
 I. Eepeal of statute by, 4 Y. 182. 
 
 II. FORFEITUKE BY. 
 
 1. Of easement, 1 R. 218; 3 R. 82; 1 Wh. 229; 5 Wh. 
 584; 1 J. 444; 1 S. 43; 17 S. 9; 19 S. 93. 
 
 2. Of estate, 4 H. 282. See Estates ; Forfeiture, I. 
 
 3. Of property conveyed for charitable uses, 9 Barr 
 
 433. See Charitable Uses. 
 
 4. Of property conveyed for public uses, 1 J. 444. 
 
 NORTH AMERICAN LAND COMPANY. 
 
 1. Distribution of assets of, 7 Wr. 23. 
 
 2. Effect of change in articles of association of, 10 S. 
 
 247. 
 
 3. Articles op association of, construed, 10 S. 247. 
 
 NORTH CAROLINA. 
 
 Lawful money of, 3 Y. 321. 
 
 NORTHERN LIBERTIES. 
 
 1. Streets in, 4 Y. 134. 
 
 2. Act relative to curbing and water pipes in, construed, 
 
 1 H. 104. 
 
 NORTHUMBERLAND COUNTY. 
 
 1. Road law of, construed, 4 Wr. 400. 
 
 2. Liability of tax collectors in, 11 H. 182. 
 
 NOTA BENE. 
 
 In deed, effect of, 6 S. 300. 
 
 NOTARIAL PROTEST. See Bills and Notes. 
 
 NOTARIAL RECORD. 
 
 Presumption as to, 9 Wr. 193. 
 
 NOTARY PUBLIC. 
 I. Duties of. 
 
 1. As TO notice and demand of non-payment, 3 Wh. 116 ; 
 
 5 Barr 178; 9 H. 503; 12 H. 148; 11 C. 250; 5 
 Wr. 322; 9 Wr. 193; 12 Wr. 261. 
 
 2. As to form op notices of protest, 2 Barr 355. 
 
 3. Competency to hold office, discussed, 6 H. 519. 
 
 4. To ascertain residence of parties to note or bill, 
 
 3 Wh. 116; 5 Barr 178; 3 C. 249. 
 
 5. Presumption in favor of proceedings, 3 Barr 474 ; 9 
 
 H. 503. 
 
572 NOTARY PUBLIC— NOTICE. 
 
 NOTARY VVBLIG— continued. 
 
 II. Certificate of, 4 D. 327; 4 Y. 278: 6 S. & R. 324; 10 
 
 S. & R. 339, 484 ; 12 S. & R. 284 ; 2 W. 141 ; 3 Wh. 116 ; 
 4 Wh. 486 ; 4 W. & S. 505 ; 2 Barr 374 ; 7 Barr 433 ; 
 6 H. 261; 9 C. 134; 11 C. 250; 9 Wr. 193. 
 
 III. May discredit his certificate, 6 S. & R. 324; 12 S. 
 
 & R. 284. 
 
 IV. Relation of to holder op note as to protest and 
 
 NOTICE, 6 W. & S. 507. 
 
 V. Liability of, 4 Wh. 105. See Bills and Notes, X. 
 
 NOTES OF TESTIMONY. 
 
 1. Admissibility of in evidence. See Evidence. 
 
 2. Used to prepare bills of exception, 4 Barr 317. 
 
 3. When part of the record, 8 S. 97. 
 
 4. Exceptions to, waived in, or cured, on previous trial, 
 
 12 H. 507. 
 
 NOT EXCEEDING $ IN VALUE. 
 
 Meaning of in Insolvent Law, 2 Y. 231. 
 
 NOT GUILTY. 
 
 Evidence under plea of in action for slander. See Slander. 
 
 NOTICE. 
 
 1. General rule as to legal notices, 2 B. 40; 5 B. 134 ; 
 
 1. R. 390; 2 R. 287; 2 P. & W. 439; 6 W. 207; 7 W. 
 167, 267, 274, 287; 6 W. & S. 343, 469; 9 S. 167. 
 
 2. Reasonable, 1 P. & W. 462. 
 
 3. Constructive, 5 B. 134; 6 S. & R. 118; 2 R. 287; 2 
 
 P. & W. 439 ; 3 P. & W. 67 ; 2 W. 75 ; 7 W. 267 ; 8 W. 
 271, 489 ; 4 W. & S. 177 ; 5 W. & S. 284 ; 6 W. & S. 
 469; 1 Barr 470 ; 3 Barr 161, 242 ; 7 Barr 340 ; 8 H. 
 179 ; 3 C. 504 ; 5 C. 154 ; 7 C. 331 ; 12 C. 458 ; 1 Wr. 
 9, 16; 5 Wr. 68, 256; 7 Wr. 278; 11 Wr. 128, 141, 353, 
 476; 12 Wr. 305, 387 ; 13 Wr. 281, 410; 1 S. 31, 58 ; 9 
 S. 171; 20 S. 276, 277. 
 
 4. Omission to give, distinguished from encouragement, 
 
 2 R. 89 ; 4 W. 323 ; 1 Barr 317 ; 4 Barr 193. 
 
 5. Common report, when sufficient, 2 W. 78 ; 7 W. 167, 
 
 267 ; 8 S. & R. 496 ; 1 Barr 470 ; 9 S. 167, 172. 
 
 6. Waiver of, 2 Wr. 130, 250 ; 7 Wr. 99. 
 
 7. Knowledge, when equivalent to, 2 Y. 211 ; 7 W. 261 ; 
 
 8 W. 489 ; 10 W. 397 ; 5 W. & S. 284 ; 8 W. & S. 311 ; 
 
 3 Barr 161, 246 ; 4 Barr 358 ; 5 Barr 473 ; 4 H. 364, 
 
NOTICE. 573 
 
 ■MOTJCE— continued. 
 
 399 ; 6 H. 160, 187, 395 ; 8 H. 134 ; 10 C. 191 ; 11 Wr. 
 141; 6 S. 257; 11 S. 168. 
 
 8. To AGENT, 3 H. 128, 151. 
 
 9. To NON KESIDENT CORPOEATOE, 11 S. 488. 
 
 10. To COUNSEL, 3 P. & W. 67. 
 
 11. To COEPOEATION, 10 W. 402 ; 9 Barr 27. 
 
 12. To STEANGEES, 7 S. & R. 503 ; 2 W. 75 ; 5 W. & S. 284 ; 
 
 16 S. 196. 
 
 13. Veebal, 2 Wh. 198, 199 ; 6 W. & S. 343 ; 11 S. 169. 
 
 14. Peooe OF, 12 Wr. 305 ; 14 Wr. 479. 
 
 15. Suggestion as to peopee sotjece oe inquiry, 7 W. 167, 
 
 267 ; 1 Barr 470 ; 9 S. 167 ; 11 S. 169. 
 
 16. Statutoey, 5 Wr. 68 ; 11 Wr. 156 ; 1 S. 31, 56. 
 
 17. By eecital, 2 W. 401. 
 
 18. By possession of patent for land, 1 Wr. 379. 
 
 19. By advertisement, 14 S. & R. 200; 3 W. & S. 154; 11 
 
 H. 76. 
 
 20. Of residence, by signature written at particular 
 
 PLACE, 3 W. & S. 154. 
 
 21. By retention of title by vendor, 3 Barr 161. 
 
 22. By judicial sale, 5 Wr. 297. 
 
 23. By possession. See Possession. 
 
 24. Of outstanding title, 6 W. & S. 469 ; 7 Barr 340 ; 8 H. 
 
 134 ; 3 Wr. 84 ; 10 Wr. 380 ; 11 S. 168. 
 
 25. Of defect in title, 2 P. & W. 82; 7 W. 163, 261; 10 
 
 W. 67; 7 W. & S. 546. 
 
 26. Of title by party out of possession, 16 S. & R. 379. 
 
 27. Of unrecorded title, 1 Y. 162; 2 B. 497; 2 S. & R. 
 
 44: 5 S. & R. 246; 3 Barr 242; 11 H. 446; 5 0. 316; 
 7 W. & S. 546. See Deed, VIII. 9. 
 
 28. Of charge on land, 1 R. 386; 7 W. 163, 261; 7 W. & S. 
 
 546. 
 
 29. Op pending ejectment, 3 W. 306. See Ejectment. 
 
 30. Of judgment improperly indexed, 11 Wr. 128. 
 
 31. Of equitable defence, 4 D. 439 ; 10 S. & R. 142 ; 16 
 
 S. & R. 28. See Payment with Leave. 
 
 32. Of fraud, 2 P. & W. 82. 
 
 33. Of sale on condition, 4 B. 289. 
 
 34. Of special matter. See Payment, Plea of. ■ 
 
574 NOTICE— NUISANCE. 
 
 I^OTICE— continued. 
 
 35. Of unrecorded mortgage, 10 Wr. 508. See Mortgage. 
 
 36. To ASSIGNEE OE JUDGMENT, OF AGREEMENT NOT TO ENTER, 
 
 14 S. & R. 137. 
 
 37. Op NON-PAYMENT OF NOTES. See Bills and Notes. 
 
 38. To produce note. See Bills and Notes, IV. 1. 
 
 39. Of rescission of contract, 12 Wr. 300. See Contract, 
 
 II. 24. 
 
 40. By surety to sue principal, 4 Wr. 472; 9 Wr. 45; 11 
 
 Wr. 268, 476. See Surety. 
 
 41. Not to perform contract, 9 Wr. 390 ; 4 S. 291. 
 
 42. To produce papers, 1 Wr. 220,228, 380; 4 Wr. 289; 12 
 
 Wr. 305. See Books and Papers, I. 
 
 43. To produce award, 1 Wr. 320. 
 
 44. Of meeting of viewers to assess road damages, 1 Wr. 
 
 257. See Roads. 
 
 45. Of transfer of judgment, 2 Wr. 16 ; 12 Wr. 70. 
 
 46. Of abandonment of insured property. See Abandon- 
 
 ment. 
 
 47. Of loss of insured property. See Insurance. 
 
 48. Of intended suit. See Justice of the Peace. 
 
 49. To plead. See Plea. 
 
 50. Of judicial sale. See Sheriff's Sale. 
 
 NOTORIETY. 
 
 Of adverse claim when evidence, 2 Y. 211. 
 
 NOT SUBJECT TO PROSECUTION OR INDICTMENT. 
 In Act of Assembly, construed, 1 B. 601. 
 
 NUDUM PACTUM. See Contract. 
 
 NUISANCE. 
 I. Public. 
 
 1. What constitutes, 1 B. 463 ; 11 S. & R. 345 ; 18 S. & 
 
 R. 301; 4 H. 463; 7 H. 412; 3 C. 303; 9 C. 202; 
 10 C. 275; 11 Wr. 428; 4 S. 401; 7 S. 274; 17 S. 
 356; 20 S. 86, 102. ^See Dams, IV. 4. 
 
 2. Effect of time on, 16 S. & R. 390. 
 
 3. Indictment for, 3 Y. 417, 4-8 ; 2 S. & R. 91 ; 11 S. 
 
 & R. 345; 1 J. 196; 7 H. 412; 10 S. 867. 
 
 4. Where tried, 2 Barr 366. 
 
NUISANCE. 375 
 
 'HmSA'NGE— continued. 
 
 5. Power of jury on, 13 S. & R. 403. 
 
 6. Evidence for defence on, 1 D. 150 ; 1 S. & R. 17 ; 1 
 
 J. 196. 
 
 7. Punishment for, 9 H. 527. 
 
 8. Sentence requiring corporation to abate, on land 
 
 OF adjoinder, 10 S. 867. 
 
 9. Proceedings for removal of, 2 Barr 366; 2 Wr. 
 
 359; 19 S. 59. 
 
 10. Restraint of by injunction, 2 H. 186; 1 Wr. 503; 
 
 19 S. 59; 20 S. 138. 
 
 11. Abatement of, 2 W. 23 ; 2 Barr 114 ; 2 H. 320; 9 H. 
 
 530; 1 C. 503; 1 Wr. 503; 11 Wr. 428; 7 S. 274. 
 
 12. Private action based on, 1 Barr 309 ; 14 Wr. 91 ; 1 
 
 Gr. 416; 4 S. 401; 18 S. 106; 19 S. 59. 
 
 13. Who may proceed in equity against, 4 S. 401. 
 II. Private. 
 
 1. What constitutes, 3 R. 256; 4 W. 317; 9 W. 119; 
 
 1 C. 161; 2 C. 118; 10 C. 275; 3 Gr. 390; 5 S. 419. 
 
 2. Proof of, 1 B. 463 ; 17 S. & R. 319 ; 4 W. 317 ; 9 W. 
 
 119; 10 Barr 93. ^ee Dams, IV. 4. 
 
 3. Who liable for, 9 Barr 345. 
 
 4. Abatement of, 2 H. 306; 9 H. 527; 1 0. 503; 3 Wr. 
 
 257 ; 10 S. 367. 
 
 5. Action for, 1 B. 463; 2 R. 83; 3 P. & W. 180; 4 W. 
 
 102; 9 W. 119; 3 W. & S. 541 ; 1 Barr 309; IC. 503; 
 
 2 Wr. 300 ; 13 S. 290. 
 Declaration in, 3 W. & S. 456 ; 3 S. 196. 
 
 6. Continuing, 17 S. & R. 319; 9 Barr 345; 9 C. 143. 
 
 7. Variance between allegation and proof of, 3 W. 
 
 429. 
 
 8. Relevant inquiry in action for, 1 S. & R. 449 ; 4 H. 
 
 463. 
 
 9. Competency of witness in, 3 W. 456 ; 10 Barr 370. 
 
 10. Consequential injury from, 10 Barr 93 ; 4 H. 463 ; 
 
 10 Barr 93. 
 
 11. Defence to action for, 9 C. 143 ; 7 S. 487. 
 
 12. Damages in, 1 B. 463. 
 
 13. Jurisdiction of Court of Equity in, 1 Wr. 503. 
 
 14. Liability of private corporation for, 3 Wr. 257 ; 
 
 10 S. 367. 
 
576 NULLA BONA— OBLIGATION. 
 
 NULLA BONA. 
 
 What is implied in return of, 1 0. 210. 
 
 NULLA EST ERRATUM. 
 
 1. Confession by plea of, 5 S. & R. 373. 
 
 2. Quashing writ under plea of, 1 S. & R. 298 ; 1 Wh. 50. 
 
 NUL TIEL RECORD. 
 
 1. When a valid plea, 8 Barr 122 ; 1 C. 345. 
 
 2. Effect of on right to arbitrate, 4 H. 251. 
 
 3. When improper, 9 S. & R. 252 ; 1 W. & S. 240 ; 8 Barr 
 
 520. 
 
 4. Evidence under plea of, 9 S. & R. 404; 6 W. & S. 50 ; 2 
 
 Barr 51 ; 2 J. 215. 
 
 5. Variance on plea of, 8 W. 181; 10 W. 440. 
 
 6. Amendment op scire facias after, 2 R. 56. 
 
 7. Replication to plea of, 8 S. & R. 239; 10 W. 440. 
 
 8. Writ of error to judgment on, 6 Wh. 340. 
 
 9. No appeal from Circuit Court on issue raised by plea 
 
 OF, 17 S. & R. 345. 
 
 NUNC PRO TUNC. 
 
 1. Entry of judgment, 1 B. 172; 6 S. & R. 126; 5 W: 
 
 104 ; 1 Wr. 461 ; 14 Wr. 465 ; 3 S. 343. 
 
 2. Entry of rules, 4 Y. 517. 
 
 3. Entry of pleas, 4 S. & R. 238 ; 1 W. 271. 
 
 4. Certificate from Quarter Sessions to Oyer and Ter- 
 
 miner in capital case, 19 S. 286. 
 4. Award of venire facias, 4 Y. 517. 
 6. Amendments made, 17 S. 34. 
 
 NUNCUPATIVE WILL, 4 R. 46, 66; 4 W. & S. 357; 6 W. 
 & S. 184; 10 Barr 254; 9 H. 296, 305; 11 Wr. 31. 
 
 OATHS. 
 
 Who may administer, 3 B. 101, 539 ; 5 S. & R. 333 ; 16 S. 
 
 & R. 65 ; 2 C. 221. 
 To juror in criminal case need not be on record, 1 C. 11. 
 
 OBEDIENCE TO LAW. 
 Presumption as to. 5 Wr. 470. 
 
 OBLIGATION. See Bonds. 
 I. Joint. 
 
 1. What is, 2 S. & R. 537; 1 R. 255; 2 W. 414; 7 W. 
 193; 5 Wh. 563. 
 
OBLIGATIONS— OBLIGORS. 577 
 
 OBLIGATIONS— confrnwed 
 
 2. Effect of, 4 D. 97; 3 Wh. 177. 
 
 3. Implied condition in that all named will execute, 
 
 3 Barr 308; 5 H. 327; 1 S. 219; 18 S. 226. 
 
 4. How affected by Acts of 1830 and 1848, 6 Wb. 268; 
 
 5 Barr 401; 3 0. 244. 
 
 5. COREBCTION OF ERROR IN, 2 R. 428. 
 
 6. Release of, 4 D. 275; 2 Y. 538; 2 S. & R. 280; 14 
 
 S. & R. 424 ; 1 R. 391 ; 2 P. & W. 63 ; 3 P. & W 57, 
 405 ; 8 W. 448. 
 II. Joint and several. 
 
 1. What are, 10 S. & R. 33 ; 12 S. & R. 154 ; 1 R. 255 ; 
 
 2 W. 204; 4 W. 50, 386; 5 Wh. 563; 1 W. & S.365; 
 
 3 W. & S. 519; 11 S. 395. 
 
 2. Alteration of, 3 C. 244. 
 
 3. Action on, 4 Y. 371 ; 2 W. 40, 204 ; 5 W. 332 ; 5 Wh. 
 
 563; 6 Wh. 268. 
 
 4. Defence to action on, 4 Y. 371 ; 10 S. & R. 33 ; 5 
 
 Wh. 26; 6 H. 327; 1 S. 219 ; 18 S. 226. 
 5 Effect of Acts of 1830 and 1848 on, 6 Wh. 268; 5 
 
 Barr 401; 3 C. 244; 8 0. 115. 
 6. Effect of death on, 7 S. & R. 254 ; 2 W. 204 ; 12 H. 
 
 413. 
 
 OBLIGEES. 
 
 1. Joint action by, 8 S. & R. 308; 14 S. & R. 105. 
 
 2. Admission by, 10 S. & R. 275; 5 R. 91. 
 
 3. Receipt by, effect of on an obligee, 5 R. 91. 
 
 4. Right of, to testify, 9 S. & R. 137. 
 
 5. Duty of to sue principal on request of surety, 10 S. 
 
 & R. 38. 
 
 OBLIGORS. 
 
 1. Liability of, 2 D. 115; 4 D. 97 ; 1 Y. 344; 6 S. & R. 
 
 262; 2 W. 40, 204; 5 W. 332, 472; 6 Wh. 268; 3 W. 
 & S.233. 
 
 2. Liability of surviving, 2 W. 40 ; 1 W. & S. 112. 
 
 3. Right of, 4 S. & R. 174; 7 S. & R. 28T; 1 P. & W. 250; 
 
 3 P. & W. 191. 
 
 4. Effect of judgment v. one of several, 6 Wh. 263. 
 
 5. Effect of judgment v. joint, 8 W. 448. 
 
 6. Admissions by, 3 S. & R. 240; 5 W. 151. 
 
 37 
 
578 OBLIGORS— OFFICERS. 
 
 OBLIGORS— continued. 
 
 7. Payment by after transfbk of obligation, 4 S. & R. 
 
 175; 9 S. &R. 74; 1 C. 81; 7 C. 228. 
 
 8. Release of, 4 D. 275; 2 Y. 538; 2 S. & R. 280; 8 S. 
 
 & R. 17; 11 S. & R. 52; 1 W. 126; 5 W. 332; 3 P. & 
 W. 57. 
 
 Duty of, 4 Y. 518. 
 
 OBSCENITY. 
 
 Indictment for, 2 S. & R. 91. 
 
 OBSTRUCTION. 
 
 1. Of streets. 
 
 By railroad company, 1 S. & R. 217 ; 16 S. & R. 390 ; 
 12 Wr. 53. 
 
 2. Of highway, 11 S. & R. 345 ; 8 Barr 522 ; 5 H. 509; 4 
 
 C. 355; 9 C. 112. 
 
 3. Of private way, 7 H. 19; 11 H. 333, 348, 501; 5 C. 
 
 22 ; 14 Wr. 361, 388. 
 
 OCCUPANCY. See Possession. 
 
 1. Title to real estate by, 3 S. & R. 291 ; 4 S. & R. 310 ; 
 
 10 S. & R. 306; 16 S. & R. 214; 9 W. 172, 175; 10 
 W. 141 ; 1 Wr. 116. 
 
 2. When notice of ownership, 12 Wr. 238. 
 
 3. By trespasser, 3 S. & R. 291; 4 S. & R. 310; 16 S. & 
 
 R. 214; 9 W. 172, 175; 10 W. 295. 
 
 ODD FELLOWS. 
 
 1. Not an association for charitable uses, 5 R. 151. 
 
 2. Members are partners, 5 R. 151. 
 
 3. Liability of, to mechanics' lien, 5,R. 151. 
 
 ODIUM SPOLIATORUM. 
 
 Presumption in case of, 6 W. 290; 12 H. 314; 15 S. 320. 
 
 OFFENCE. See Crime. 
 
 OFFICERS. 
 
 I. Of corporations. See Bank; Canal; Corporation; In- 
 
 surance Company ; Railroad Company. 
 
 II. Public. 
 
 1. Selection of, 5 S. & R. 451; 1 P. & W. 297; 4 Wh. 
 
 199-203 ; 6 H. 519. 
 
 2. Death op, before induction, 9 Barr 513. 
 
 3. Removal of, 3 S. & R. 145; 4 Wh. 199 ; 1 C. 23. 
 
OFFICERS. 579 
 
 OFFICERS— coMfenwed 
 
 4. Protection oe by warrant, 3 Gr. 406, 418. 
 
 5. Proof of official character of, 4 W. & S. 424 ; 2 
 
 W. & S. 37; 5 S. 106; 6 S. 436. 
 
 6. Presumption in favor of, 6 S. 436 ; 8 S. 106. 
 
 7. Bond of, 1 W. & S. 261 ; 3 W. & S. 324 ; 1 C. 23 ; 9 
 
 Wr. 408, 507; 12 Wr. 446. 
 
 8. Action on, 1 W. & S. 261; 3 W. & S. 324; 5 W. & S. 
 
 488 ; 8 Barr 444 ; 1 H. 22 ; 4 C. 186 ; 1 Gr. 359. 
 
 9. Competency of witnesses, 9 W. & S. 109. 
 
 10. Priority of Commonwealth in, 1 B. 370; 10 Barr 
 
 405. 
 
 11. Liability of sureties of, 3 D. 502 ; 4 D. 96, 282 ; 6 
 
 B. 292; 15S. &R. 107; 1 E,. 79; 3 Barr 267; 6 
 Barr 124 ; 8 Barr 444; 10 Barr 405 ; 4 C. 186 ; 9 
 Wr.408, 507; 12 Wr. 446. 
 
 12. Rights and powers op. 
 
 To act until revocation of commission, 1 C. 23. 
 Not to be inquired into collaterally, 1 P. & W. 97. 
 Before official oath, 10 S. & R. 249 ; 2 R. 139 ; 9 Wr. 
 
 59; 10 S. 136. 
 To bind district by contract, 7 W. 290 ; 3 Barr 462; 5 
 
 C. 417; 14 S. 445. 
 To salary, 6 S. & R. 328 ; 7 S. & R. 389 ; 2 R. 139; 4 
 
 Barr 49; 1 C. 23; 5 Wr. 335; 10 S. 136. 
 To receipt of for money, 1 B. 150; 5 W. & S. 60. 
 To sue for moneys due, 2 D. 174; 1 Y. 148 ; 2 Y. 114 ; 
 
 5 W. & S. 38; 10 Barr 455. 
 To justify under process, 6 B. 124; 2 W. & S. 37; 6 
 
 Barr 260; 3 Gr. 406, 418; 8 S. 93; 17 S. 78. 
 
 13. Duties. 
 
 As to oath of office, 2 R. 139. 
 
 14. Liability of, 2 D. 248; 3 D. 19, 39, 232, 384; 1 Y. 
 
 71, 140, 320, 443, 505, 506 ; 2 Y. 26 ; 5 S. & R. 492 ; 
 
 2 W. 537; 5W. 21; 9 W. 27 ; 2 Wh. 239 ; 10 H. 
 
 211; 4 C. 238; 7 Wr. 212; 13 Wr. 151. 
 To comptroller general, 1 Y. 140. 
 For misconduct, 13 Wr. 151. 
 Personal liability of, 7 Wr. 212 ; 12 S. 301. 
 Remedy against for improper exercise of official rights, 
 11 Wr. 103. 
 
 15. Taxation of, 5 W. & S. 275; 7 W. & S. 329; 8 Barr 
 
 128. 
 
580 OFFICERS— OFFICIAL BONDS. 
 
 OFFICERS— confenwed 
 
 16. Omissions by. 
 
 When and how cured, 7 "Wr. 278. 
 
 17. Effect of payment to, 4 Y. 209 ; 2 R. 139. 
 
 18. Promise of extra reward. 
 "Validity of, 10 Barr 39. 
 
 19. Resignation of, 6 H. 451. 
 
 20. Discretion of when not to be interfered with. 
 
 See Discretionary Powers. 
 
 OFFICES. 
 
 1. What are incompatible, 3 Y. 800 ; 1 S. & R. 1 ; 5 Barr 
 
 67 ; 20 S. 465. See Incompatible Offices. 
 
 2. Contest as to right to exercise, 11 Wr. 103, 292. 
 
 OFFICIAL ACCOUNTS. See Accounts. 
 
 OFFICIAL ACTS. 
 
 1. Liability for, 1 Y. 71, 305, 820, 443; 2 Y. 26; 3 B. 
 
 404; 9 W. 311; 2 W. & S. 37. 
 
 2. Of corporation, 9 Wr. 386. 
 
 OFFICIAL BONDS. 
 
 1. Form of, 3 W. & S. 324. 
 
 Filling up of blank in after execution, 3 Gr. 61. 
 
 2. Execution of, on Sunday, 2 Barr 448. 
 
 3. Approval of, 1 W. & S. 261 ; 1 Gr. 359 ; 10 S. 136. 
 
 4. Effect of giving, 4 D. 97 ; 3 Y. 345; 1 Barr 159; 2 C. 
 
 23. 
 
 5. Admissibility of, in evidence, 1 Gr. .359. 
 
 6. Parol alteration of, 2 Gr. 23. 
 
 7. Liability of sureties, 3 D. 502; 4 D. 96, 282; 15 S. & 
 
 R. 107; 1 R. 29; 6 Barr 124; 8 Barr 444; 10 Barr 
 405; IJ. 150; 4 C. 186; 9 Wr. 408, 507; 12 Wr. 446; 
 9 S. 197; 11 S. 227; 14 S. 242. 
 
 8. Forfeiture of, 8 D. 502 ; 11 S. 226. 
 
 9. Action on, 1 W. & S. 261; 3 W. & S. 324; 5 W. & S. 
 
 488 ; 8 Barr 444 ; 1 H. 22 ; 4 C. 186; 1 Gr. 359. 
 Declaration, 2 H. 71 
 
 Competency of witnesses in, 9 W. & S. 109. 
 Judgment on, 3 D. 502; 2 H. 71. 
 Damages in action on, 14 S. & R. 405; 1 W. 365; 8 W. 
 155; 6 C. 149. 
 
OFFICIAL BONDS, &c. 581 
 
 OFFICIAL BO^BS— continued. 
 
 10. Priority as to payment on, 1 B. 371; 10 Barr 405. 
 
 11. Application op Statute op Limitations to, 1 W. 54 ; 3 
 
 Barr 151 ; 6 Barr 136. 
 
 OFFICIAL DEFAULT. 
 
 How cured, 7 Wr. 278. 
 
 OFFICIAL DUTY. 
 
 Rule as to performance of, 9 H. 55. 
 
 OFFICIAL FUNCTION. 
 I. Restraint op. 
 
 1. By injunction, 2 Wr. 309; 7 Wr. 10, 14, 91, 372, 
 
 384; 11 Wr. 103, 292, 439; 12 Wr. 118, 439. 
 
 2. By mandamus, 1 Wr. 277; 5 Wr. 68; 6 Wr. 400; 8 
 
 Wr. 442; 9 Wr. 388; 11 Wr. 103, 292, 361, 382; 
 12 Wr. 118 ; 14 Wr. 91. 
 
 OFFICIAL PAPERS. 
 
 1. What are, 2 D. 144. 
 
 2. Proop of, 1 W. & S. 282. 
 
 3. Admissibility op, in evidence, 2 D. 230 ; 8 S. & R. 407 ; 
 
 9 W. 311 ; 10 W. 76; 1 W. & S. 283, 501 ; 2 W. & S. 
 69; 6 Barr 210. 
 
 OFFSPRING. 
 
 Meaning of in will, 12 C. 117. 
 
 OIL IN BOND. 
 
 Duty of purchasers of under revenue laws, 10 Wr. 286. 
 Grant of right to search for and carry away construed, 3 S. 
 229 ; 7 S. 83. 
 
 OIL IN THE GROUND. 
 Ownership of, 5 S. 164. 
 Under contract, 13 S. 397. 
 Ejectment to test right to search for, 13 S. 97. 
 
 OIL REFINERY. 
 
 Lease for use of, construed, 17 S. 18. 
 
 OMISSION. 
 
 1. In award, 2 D. 280. 
 
 2. To PLEAD, 3 D. 346 ; 9 S. & R. 85 ; 6 W. & S. 450. 
 
 3. In written contract, 2 Barr 13. See Mistake. 
 
 OMNE MAJUS CONTINET IN SE MINUS. 
 Application of maxim, 4 S. 103. 
 
582 OMNIA PRiESUMUNTUR, &c.— "OR," &c. 
 
 OMNIA PR^SUMUNTUR RITE ESSE ACTA. 
 Application of maxim, 3 S. & R. 490 ; 10 S. & R. 69, 390 ; 
 13 S. & R. 124 ; 14 S. & R. 19, 21 ; 17 S. & R. 53, 351 ; 
 1 R. 386 ; 3 P. & W. 117 ; 2 W. 340 : 9 W. 248 ; 3 Barr 
 74;10Barr42;4C. 176; 2 S. 451 ; 5S. 90; 6 S. 176; 
 9 S. 223; 15 S. 105, 510; 19 S. 365; 20 S. 117. 
 
 OMNIPOTENCE OF PARLIAMENT, 2 D. 302. 
 
 OMNIS RATIHABITIO, &c. 
 Applied to retrospective legislation, 7 S. 433 ; 19 S. 427. 
 
 "ON CONDITION." 
 
 In contract construed, 4 W. & S. 302. 
 
 "ON OR BEFORE THE FIRST DAY OF THE TERM." 
 Meaning of, 4 D. 34. 
 
 "ON THE DAY AND YEAR AFORESAID." 
 Meaning of, 1 B. 610. 
 
 ONUS PROBANDI. 
 
 1. In ejectment, 1 Y. 21. 
 
 2. On rule to open judsment, 9 Barr 164. 
 
 3. In cases oe bailment, 6 Barr 417. 
 
 4. As TO alteration of written contract, 9 Barr 186 ; 10 
 
 Wr. 259. 
 
 OPINION. 
 
 1. Oe the court. See Charge of Court. 
 
 2. Of counsel, 1 Y. 143 ; 2 Y. 527 ; 4 Barr 28 ; 1 H. 234. 
 
 3. Of witness. See Evidence ; "Witness. 
 
 4. Of insurance officer. See Insurance Company. 
 
 5. Of supreme court. 
 
 Right of party to read on second trial, 6 W. & S. 58 ; 6 
 Barr 425. 
 
 6. Of expert. See Evidence. 
 
 OPTION LAW. 
 
 As to sale of intoxicating liquors, 6 Barr 507. 
 
 ORAL BARGAINS. 
 
 For real property. See Fraud, Statute of. 
 
 "OR" CONSTRUED TO MEAN "AND," 1 Y. 319, 411; 3 
 Y. 205, 421; 2 B. 532, 545; 5 B. 259, 552; 2 S. & R. 69, 
 63; 3 S. &R. 487; 13 S. & R. 205; 2 R. 28: 7 Barr 13; 10 
 Barr 213 ; 2 J. 206 ; 11 C. 384 ; 14 S. 9. 
 
OKDER— ORPHANS' COURT. 583 
 
 ORDER. 
 
 1. To SDBVEY. 
 
 When evidence. See Evidence : Sukvby. 
 
 2. To PAY OUT OF CERTAIN FUND WHEN AN EQUITABLE AS- 
 
 SIGNMENT, 20 S. 74. 
 
 3. To " PAY WHEN IN FUNDS." 
 
 Effect of acceptance of, 10 Barr 28 ; 1 H. 50. 
 
 4. For payment generally. 
 
 When irrevocable, 10 Barr 366. 
 
 When evidence of promise to pay drawee, 9 Wr. 464. 
 
 5. For goods. 
 
 Acceptance of, when binding, 10 Barr 170, 366. 
 Acceptance of contract implied in, 6 W. & S. 381. 
 
 6. To AUDITOR. 
 
 Error in appointment cured by, 9 Wr. 394. 
 
 7. In pauper cases. See, Poor. 
 
 8. In road cases. See Roads. 
 
 ORDINANCE. See Municipal Corporation ; Philadelphia. 
 ORDINARY CARE. See Care. 
 
 ORE. 
 
 Contract for sale of, 4 Wr. 341. 
 
 Contract for lease to mine, 7 C. 475; 8 C. 241; 5 S. 504. 
 See Mines. 
 
 ORE LEASE. See Mines ; Mining Rights. 
 
 ORGANIZATION. 
 
 Of corporation. See Corporation. 
 
 ORIGINAL ENTRIES. See Book Entry. 
 
 ORPHANS. 
 
 1. Who are, in law, 9 C. 9 ; 1 Gr. 494. 
 
 2. Redemption of unseated land by, 9 W. 298. 
 
 ORPHANS' COURT. 
 
 I. Authority and jurisdiction of. 
 
 1. History of, 5 Wr. 178. 
 
 2. General rules as to, 2 B. 299 ; 1 Wh. 102, 104 ; 4 
 
 Barr 301, 303; 7 Barr 55 ; 9 Barr 419 ; 2 J. 260 
 7 H. 431, 492 ; 8 H. 473 ; 9 H. 337, 340 ; 3 0. 233 
 6 C. 75; 9 C. 276; 10 C. 354; 12 C. 166, 168 
 2 Wr. 322, 328; 2 Gr. 303; 9 S. 235; 10 S. 354 
 14 S. 58 ; 15 S. 265, 485. 
 
584 ORPHANS' COURT. 
 
 ORPHANS' COURT— continued. 
 
 '6. Exclusive, 8 H. 473 ; 9 H. 337 ; 3 C. 228 ; 9 C. 276 ; 
 
 10 0. 334; 3 S. 146. 
 
 4. Concurrent, 9 W. 300 ; 1 W. & S. 288 ; 4 Wh. 179 ; 
 
 4 Barr 331; 2 J. 233; 1 H. 79 ; 7 H. 49; 6 C. 
 75 ; 3 S. 146. 
 
 5. A COURT OF RECORD, 4 Wr. 308. 
 
 6. To ADOPT RULES OF PRACTICE, 7 W. 64. 
 
 7. Over guardians. See Guardians. 
 
 8. Over administrators and executors, 9 S. & R. 287 ; 
 
 11 S. & R. 204 ; 12 S. & R. 317 ; 3 R. 243 ; 4 R. 
 "268; 3 P. & W. 185; 5 W. 90, 91; 1 Wh. 95; 4 
 
 W. & S. 433; 7 Barr 265; 2 J. 333 ; 1 H. 79 ; 7 H. 
 431; 10 C. 42; 5 Wr. 169; 2 Gr. 353; 3 Gr. 
 109; 3 S. 404; 10 S. 504; 11 S. 478; 14 S. 331. 
 See Account ; Administrator ; Executor. 
 
 9. Over testamentary trustees, 9 W. 350 ; 1 Wh. 96, 
 
 104; 2 Wh. 119; 3 Wh. 174; 4 Wh. 179; 1 W. & 
 S. 288; 3 W. & S. 280; 4 W. & S. 435; 4 Barr 
 331; 7 Barr 459; 8 Barr 29; 9 Barr 417; 2 J. 
 333 ; 1 H. 82 ; 8 H. 67 ; 2 Wr. 322. See Trus- 
 tees. 
 
 10. To distribute estate of decedent, 4 Y. 79 ; 1 P. & 
 
 W. 282; 5 W. 50; 9 W. 19, 60; 2 Wh. 301; 5 Wh. 
 208, 349, 356 ; 6 W. & S. 190; 3 Barr 60 ; 5 Barr 
 240; 8 Barr 26; 10 Barr 144; 5 H. 416, 422; 8 
 H. 473, 474 ; 9 H. 337, 341 ; 11 H. 460 ; 1 C. 213 ; 
 4 G. 261; 5 Wr. 169; 6 S. 166; 15 S. 480. See 
 Advancement; Decedent. 
 
 11. As to claims due decedent, 4 W. & S. 433 ; 4 C. 261. 
 
 12. As TO claims against estate op decedent, 1 Wh. 7. 
 
 265 ; 1 Barr 240, 351 ; 8 Barr 26, 38 ; 9 Barr 
 302. 
 
 13. To enforce unexecuted contracts of decedent, 4 
 
 Barr 52 ; 1 H. 84 ; 5 H. 193; 1 C. 405; 3 Wr. 
 443 ; 11 S. 278. See Decedent, V. 
 
 14. Over estates op married women. See Married 
 
 Women. 
 
 15. Over estates of inebriates, 3 Wr. 425. See Lunatics 
 
 and Drunkards. 
 
 16. Over appraisement of land, under directions in 
 
 WILL TO appraise, 12 S. 104. 
 
 17. Over legacies charged on land, 9 W. 19, 20, 60 ; 3 
 
ORPHANS' COUKT. 585 
 
 ORPHANS' COVRT— continued. 
 
 W. & S. 437 ; 4 Barr 52 ; 5 Barr 240; 6 Barr 37; 
 7 Barr 246 ; 8 Barr 23, 26, 29, 38 ; 9 Barr 302; 10 
 Barr 387 ; 2 J. 198 ; 1 C. 191 ; 12 Wr. 80 ; 13 S. 
 393; 16 S. 400; 17 S. 34; 18 S. 477; 19 S. 173. 
 See Devise ; Legacy. 
 
 18. To ENFORCE widow's EXEMPTION, 2 Wr. 475 ; 8 Wr. 
 
 243. 
 
 19. As TO DOWER AT COMMON LAW, 7 Wr. 474, 486 ; 14 Wr. 
 
 394. 
 
 20. Over letters testamentary, and of administration, 
 
 2R. 243; 2 W. 175; 6 W. 244. 
 
 21. How FAR BOUND BY DECREE OF REGISTER'S CoURT, 2 
 
 Wh. 81. 
 
 22. In CASE OF waste, 2 W. 295. 
 
 23. To RECOVER MONEY FOR LEGATEES, 7 S. & R. 7 ; 2 J. 
 
 198. 
 
 24. To INVEST MONEYS, 5 R. 338. 
 
 25. Over costs op proceeding in, 7 H. 477. 
 
 26. Power of Orphans' Court of other states, 18 S. 154. 
 
 27. In partition of real estate, 2 Y. 290 ; 5 B. 1 ; 9 W. 
 
 &S. 55; 2Wh. 81; 4 Barr 502; 7 Barr 48; 8 H. 
 148. See Partition. 
 II. Sales of real estate by order of. 
 
 Are judicial, 3 W. & S. 444; 7 W. & S. 273; 4 Barr 
 
 171; 1 H. 121; 6 H. 199; 9 0.276,406; 2 S. 
 
 295; 3 S. 348. 
 Object of, 2 H. 372. 
 In partition. See Partition. 
 
 Under Act of 1853, 4 Wr. 422 ; 5 Wr. 120; 9 S. 300. 
 Power of court to order, 4 B. 104 ; 4 R. 174; 8 W. 253, 
 
 416; low. 300; 8 H. 148; 10 H. 140; 1 Wr. 
 
 30, 95 ; 3 Wr. 463 ; 4 Wr. 422 ; 5 Wr. 120 ; 8 Wr. 
 
 243; 2 Gr. 89; 3 Gr. 129; 1 S. 58; 2 S. 225; 3 
 
 S. 158; 5 S. 337; 19 S. 295. 
 When ordered, 3 S. & R. 234 : 5 W. & S. 397 ; 2 H. 
 
 372 ; 7 H. 416 ; 12 H. 143; 7 Barr 246, 452 ; 9 
 
 C. 406; 2 Gr. 225; 5 S. 337. 
 Schedule of debts required before order, 6 S. 9. 
 Who may object to, 17 S. 335. 
 Presumption in favor of order, 6 S. 9. 
 Form of order, 2 W. 224; 8 W. 253 ; 2 W. & S. 283; 
 
 5 Barr 245; IH. 102; 7 H. 416; 12 H. 511; 8 
 
 C. 40; 9 C. 105; 14 S. 332. ■ 
 
586 ORPHANS' COURT. 
 
 ORPHANS' GOVRT—continued. 
 
 Power of court to open decree for, 18 S. 53. 
 
 Power of administrator to alter terms of sale, 11 H. 
 
 477. 
 Confined to lands of which deceased died seized, 3 C. 
 
 123. 
 Appeal to Supreme Court from order of sale, 1 W. 255 ; 
 
 12 S. 213. 
 Where order is irregular, 2 Y. 123; 4 B. 97; 2 W.486; 
 
 1 Barr 371; 7 Barr 137; 5 S. 491; 16 S. 498. 
 When security has not been given by administrator, 7 
 
 Barr 137 ; 13 Wr. 143. 
 Under provision in will, 1 Y. 423; 1 B. 506; 9 S. & R. 
 
 424; 1 Barr 368; 5 Barr 273; 10 Barr 440; 10 
 
 H. 140 ; 8 C. 265 ; 1 Wr. 300 ; 14 S. 325, 330 ; 15 
 
 S. 480. 
 How held, 2 Y. 117. 
 
 Notice of, 8 W. & S. 169 ; 7 H. 14; 6 S. 9. 
 Adjournment of, 2 Y. 117; 2 W. 486. 
 Who may except to, 2 Wr. 463 ; 1 S. 58. 
 Duty of court as to, 4 B. 104 ; 4 R. 174; 6 W. 148 ; 10 
 
 W. 300; 9 C. 276. 
 Right of bidder at, 7 Wr. 155; 1 S. 58. 
 Waiver of irregularity in, 7 Barr 48. 
 Return to order, 2 Y. 117; 9 C. 406 ; 6 S. 9. 
 Not complete until confirmation, 7 Wr. 155, 168; 2 Gr. 
 
 89; IS. 58. 
 Statute of Frauds not applicable to, 4 Barr 171. 
 Amendment of proceedings in, 12 S. & R. 171. 
 Confirmation of, 2 W. 486 ; 3 W. 79 ; 4 W. 251 ; 6 W. 
 
 148 ; 3 W. & S. 314 ; 7 Barr 137 ; 7 H. 416, 439 ; 
 
 11 H. 477; 7 Wr. 155, 168; 1 S. 58 ; 17 S. 39. 
 Setting aside of, 6 W. 148 ; 7 W. 552; 7 Barr 137 ; 7 
 
 H. 439; 1 Wr. 440; 1 S. 58. 
 Protection of contingent interests on, 2 Wr. 112. 
 Conclusiveness of, 6 B. 483 ; 2 W. 486 ; 4 W. 251; 7 H. 
 
 439. 
 What title passes under, 16 S. & R. 371; 3 W. & S. 314, 
 
 444; 9 W. & S. 147; 4 Barr 71; 8 H. 17; 5 Wr. 
 
 120; 7 Wr. 168. 
 Effect of on growing crops reserved as rent, 7 C. 426. 
 Right of purchaser, 4 R. 174 ; 1 P. & W. 83 ; 6 W. 148 ; 
 
 7 Barr 48 ; IJ. 300 ; 3 C. 172; 1 S. 58. 
 Duty of purchaser as to application of purchase-money, 
 
 11 S. & R. 380; 13 S. & R. 259; 9 W. & S. 13; 
 
 2 Barr 366; 13 Wr. 143 ; 19 S. 223. 
 
ORPHANS' COURT. 587 
 
 ORPHANS' COURT— continued. 
 
 Liability of purchaser, 4 B. 171 ; 9 W. 412; 7 W. & S. 
 
 173; 11 H. 477; 13 Wr. 143. 
 Liability of administrator, 17 S. & R. 392; 4 Barr 149. 
 When a conversion of real into personal property, 8 S. 
 
 & R. 312. 
 Effect of on liens, 1 D. 486; 2 D. 291 ; 4 D. 450 ; 1 Y. 
 
 653; 13 S. & R. 259; 17 S. & R. 276; 1 P. & W. 
 
 12; 2 W. 389; 4 W. 71; 3 W. & S. 28; 5 Barr 
 
 242 ; 8 Barr 126, 473; 10 Barr 265; 1 H. 98; 4 
 
 C. 47 ; 9 Wr. 435;(Ts^95^ - ^ ':■ Ij^ 
 Effect of on interest on claim, ITW. 171. 
 Distribution of proceeds, 2 Y. 261; 5 S. & R. 128; 11 
 
 S. & R. 224; 9 W. & S. 13 ; 4 Barr 359, 363; 13 
 
 Wr. 143; 2 S. 449; 4 S. 486; 12 S.' 213; 19 S. 
 
 295. 
 Character of surplus after payment of debts and liens, 11 
 
 S. & R. 224 ; 3 Barr 377. 
 Descent of wife's share of proceeds, 4 Barr 359 ; 8 H. 
 
 615; 2 S. 449. 
 Delivery of possession, 4 S. 891. 
 EflFect of special warranty in deed, 3 C. 123. 
 Proceedings on when evidence. 2 S. & R. 4, 473. 
 Review of in Supreme Court, 12 H. 511; 2 C. 470. 
 III. Proceedings in. 
 
 1. How PAR BOUND BY CHANCERY RULES, 2 B. 299; 4 Barr 
 
 301 ; 7 Barr 58, 55, 452 ; 8 Barr 43, 246 ; 9 Barr 
 416; 2 J. 260, 261; 7 H. 431 ; 9 H. 235, 340; 3 C. 
 283; 12 C. 168; 2 Wr. 328; 2 S. 811; 9 S. 236; 10 
 S. 354; 14 S. 325; 16 S. 266. 
 
 2. Rules of evidence in, 2 P. & W. 419 ; 7 W. 64. 
 
 3. Parties to, 4 W. & S. 492; 7 Barr 246; 2 Gr. 308; 2 
 
 S. 311; 10 S. 610. 
 
 4. Notice of to parties, 7 W. 438. 
 
 5. Citation, award of, 9 Barr 809, 419; 2 G-r. 303. 
 
 6. Enforcement of appearance in, 5 W. & S. 222; 4 Wr. 
 
 309. 
 
 7. Return to, 3 S. 470. 
 
 8. Issue of pact in. 
 
 Award of, 5 S. & R. 146; 8 S. & R. 345; 14 S. & R. 
 166; 3 R. 420; 2 P. & W. 419; 8 P. & W. 185, 
 204, 208; 4 W. & S. 467; 9 W. 169; 7 H. 494; 4 
 C. 165; 2 Wr. 580; 7 S. 498; 9 S. 313. 
 
 Form of, 14 S. & R. 166; 3 P. & W. 204; 1 C. 17; 3 
 C. 166; 12 C. 81, 836. 418; 13 Wr. 365. 
 
S88 ORPHANS' COUET. 
 
 ORPHANS' COURT— continued. 
 
 Nonsuit in, 1 B. 448 ; 10 C. 396. 
 
 By auditors. See Auditor. 
 
 Trial of, 2 H. 36; 4 C. 165; 10 C. 396; 15 S. 338. 
 
 Verdict in, 8 S. & R. 345; 10 H. 330. 
 
 New trial in, 10 C. 396. 
 
 Writ of error on, 10 H. 334; 1 Wr. 323. 
 
 6. Judgment pro confesso in, 1 Barr 90. 
 IV. Decrees of. 
 
 1. General rules relative to, 4 B. 61, 97; 6 B. 483, 
 
 498; 2 S. & R. 442; 11 S. & R. 422, 433, 441 ; 14 S. 
 & R. 182; 17 S. & R. 336; 1 R. 357; 2 R. 287; 4 
 R. 422; 2 W. 259, 489; 9 H. 488, 491; 1 C. 352; 3 
 Wr. 443; 5 Wr. 120; 2 S. 229; 5 S. 491. 
 
 2. Effect op on accounts, 7 S. & R. 7 ; 9 S. & R. 133 ; 
 
 2 R. 287; 3 R. 242; 7 Barr 265; 10 C. 42; 2 Gr. 
 353. 
 
 3. When facts are submitted to court, 1 C. 191. 
 
 4. Correction of, 2 C. 470, 471. 
 
 5. Impeachment of, 12 S. & R. 171 ; 5 Barr 47 ; 2 H. 
 
 231 ; 3 S. 505. 
 
 6. Not to be reversed collaterally, 11 S. & R. 431 ; 
 
 14 S. & R. 181 ; 4 R. 174 ; 8 W. 418 ; 7 Barr 48, 
 137, 265; 9 Barr 224; 10 Barr 242; 1 C. 189; 12 
 0. 174; 5 Wr. 120; 6 Wr. 453; 8 Wr. 473; 13 Wr. 
 143; 3 S. 505. 
 
 7. When evidence, 5 S. & R. 295 ; 8 Wr. 473. 
 
 8. Review of in Orphans' Court, 3 W. 259 ; 5 W. 91 ; 
 
 1 W. & S. 215; 3 W. & S. 154; 4 W. & S. 469 ; 5 
 Barr 95; 6 Barr 404 ; 10 Barr 469 ; IJ. 443 ; 2 J. 262 ; 
 2H. 430; 7H. 431; 2 C. 470; 8 C. 284, 318; 10 C. 
 173, 258; 12 C. 70; 7 Wr. 514; 9 Wr. 379; 10 Wr. 
 131; 2 Gr. 83; 9 S. 235, 238; 11 S. 487. See Bill 
 of Review. 
 
 9. Review of in Supreme Court, 2 D. 190, 198; 4 D. 
 
 160; 17 S. &R. 58; 4 R. 268, 272; 3 P. & W. 265; 
 1 W. 251 ; 2 W. 283 ; 5 W. 157 ; 7 W. 64 ; 3 W. & 
 S. 154; 7 Barr 266; 8 Barr 48; 1 H. 171; 5 H. 
 425; 9 H. 131 ; 1 Wr. 323, 440 ; 3 Wr. 186; 7 Wr. 
 514; 10 S. 444, 503; 12 S. 213; 19 S. 89. 
 Recognisance on appeal, 4 R. 268 ; 2 W. 238 ; 8 W. & 
 S. 375; 9 W. & S. 151; 10 Barr 57; 1 H. 292. 
 10. Review of in Circuit Court, 1 P. & W. 322. 
 
ORPHANS' COURT— OUT OF COURT: 589 
 
 ORPHANS' COURT— continued. 
 
 11. Who may appeal from, 4 R. 268 ; 8 W. 313 ; 7 Barr 
 
 205 ; 8 C. 121 ; 10 C. 394. 
 
 12. Effect of appeal, 1 W. 255, 256. 
 
 What heard on, 5 W. 84, 157; 7 W. 65 ; 5 Wh. 577 ; 5 
 H. 416 ; 1 Wr. 323. 
 
 13. Interest on, 4 H. 151. 
 
 14. Enforcement of, 7 W. & S. 162, 167 ; 6 Barr 143 ; 1 
 
 H. 182 ; 5 H. 144 ; 7 H. 201, 433 ; 9 H. 337 ; 8 C. 
 324 ; 8 Wr. 247 ; 14 Wr. 293 ; 2 Gr. 253 ; 12 S. 198. 
 
 15. Action, 8 W. 181. 
 Testatum process on, 5 H. 144. 
 
 16. As to costs, 7 H. 484. 
 
 "OTHER LEGAL PROO?." 
 Meaning of, 1 D. 287. 
 
 OUSTER. 
 
 1. What acts constitute, 10 S. & R. 182; 9 W. 377; 10 
 
 W. 158, 185, 289 ; 1 W. & S. 184 ; 2 W. & S. 294 ; 4 
 W. & S. 331 ; 4 Barr 254 ; 9 Barr 226 ; IJ. 189 : 1 H. 
 276, 376; 6 H. 506; 6 0. 507 ; -8 0. 68; 11 C. 364; 7 
 Wr. 521 ; 10 Wr. 376, 385 ; 13 Wr. 133 ; 9 S. 30 ; 10 S. 
 16; 11 S. 328, 340. 
 
 2. Constructive, 5 Barr 291 ; 10 Barr 225. 
 
 3. Presumption as to, 3 W. 165 ; 10 W. 296 ; 10 Wr. 365, 
 
 376 ; 13 Wr. 133. 
 
 4. Of co-heirs, 3 W. 96; 10 W. 185, 289, 296; 8 C. 69; 2 
 
 Gr. 249. 
 
 5. Of tenants in common, 2 W. 146; 9 W. 363; 1 W. & S. 
 
 182, 184; 2 W. & S. 294; 5 C. 495; 11 0. 364; 7 Wr. 
 97 ; 10 Wr. 376 ; 2 S. 492 ; 10 S. 16. 
 
 6. When a question of intention, 16 S. & R. 214 ; 3 W. 
 
 165. 
 
 7. Before return of habere facias, 2 B. 450. 
 
 8. Effect of, 4 Barr 254. 
 
 " OUT AND OUT IN MONEY." 
 Meaning of in contract, 12 C. 210. 
 
 OUTLAWRY. 
 
 1. Proceedings in, 1 D. 91; 2 D. 92, 93. 
 
 2. non est inventus equivalent to, 5 s. & r. 35. 
 
 OUT OF COURT. 
 
 When a cause is, 4 S. & R. 135. 
 
590 OUTSTANDINO EQUITY— OWNER OF SHIP. 
 
 OUTSTANDING EQUITY. 
 Defence in ejectment, 8 W. 519. 
 
 OUTSTANDING TITLE. 
 
 1. Notice op, 6 W. & S. 469; 7 Barr 340 ; 8 H. 134 ; 3 Wr. 
 
 84; 10 Wr. 380. 
 
 2. Effect of purchase of by party in possession, 8 H. 
 
 134. 
 
 3. Effect of on vendee with general warranty, 9 Barr 
 
 37. 
 
 4. When a valid defence to action for purchase-money. 
 
 See Purchase-money. 
 
 5. Purchase of by joint owner, 2 S. & R. 461 ; 11 S. & R. 
 
 427; 12 S. & R. 377; 5 W. 303; 9 W. 34; 10 W. 354 
 2 Wh. 63 ; 2 Barr 463. 
 
 OVERDRAFT ON BANK. 
 
 Not a loan but a debt, 18 S. 88. 
 
 OVERDUE NOTE. 
 Transfer of. See Bills and Notes. 
 
 OVER INSURANCE. See Insurance Company. 
 OVER PAYMENT. See Mistake. 
 
 OVERPLUS. 
 
 On sale of land. 
 Action for, 4 S. & R. 488. 
 
 OVERT ACT. ^m Treason. 
 
 OWELTY OF PARTITION. 
 Action to recover. 1 Wh. 292 ; 1 W. & S. 517. 
 Decree for in equity, 7 Wr. 413. 
 Lien of, 8 W. 396 ; 1 W. & S. 145 ; 5 Barr 433. 
 Receipt of, 6 B. 179, 447; 11 C. 514. See Partition. 
 
 OWNER, JOINT. 
 
 1. Of ship, 1 D. 129. 
 
 2. Of draft, 4 D. 136. 
 
 3. Of land warrant, 5 B. 119. See Joint Owners. 
 
 OWNER OF SHIP. 
 1. Liability of. 
 
 For work on vessel, 1 D. 129 ; 4 W. & S. 340. 
 For conduct of master, 1 D. 180, 206; 4 D. 225. 
 For conduct of pilot, 4 D. 206. 
 
"OWN PROPER USE"— PAPERS. 591 
 
 " OWN PROPER USE." 
 Meaning of, 10 Barr 423. 
 
 "OWN USE." 
 
 In will defined, 6 S. & R. 466 ; 10 Barr 423. 
 
 OYER. 
 
 I. Prayer for. 
 
 1. Effect op, 4 D. 440 ; 2 B. 78. 
 
 2. When dispensed with, 1 Y. 2 ; 2 Y. 295. 
 
 8. When part of the record, 4 D. 436 ; 4 Y. 505. 
 
 II. Practice as to, 2 Y. 295 ; 2 B. 76 ; 4 W. 433. 
 
 III. Profert, when unnecessary, 1 Y. 2. 
 
 OYER AND TERMINER. 
 
 1. Organization of, 2 B. 244 ; 7 W. & S. 68 ; 8 W. & S. 
 
 383; 5 Barr 209; 1 H. 196; 7 C. 198; 9 C. 80, 838, 
 880; 8 S. 10; 14 S. 84, 88; 19 S. 9. 
 
 2. Held by president judge of adjourning court, 14 S. 
 
 84. 
 
 3. Transfer of indictment to, 3 H. 95 ; 19 S. 286. 
 
 4. Power of judges to hold, 9 C. 80, 338 ; 8 S. 10 ; 14 S. 
 
 34, 88. 
 
 5. Record of, how to be kept, 5 S. & R. 815 ; 4 H. 129, 
 
 133 ; 10 H. 194 ; 8 S. 9 ; 19 S. 286, 394. 
 
 6. Challenge of jurors in, 9 C. 338. 
 
 7. Of the Supreme Court. 
 
 Clerk of, 8 S. 11. 
 Jury in, 8 S. 11. 
 
 OYSTERS. 
 
 Power of states to preserve by legislation, 12 S. & R. 203. 
 
 PAPER BOOKS. 
 
 1. When first ordered to be printed, 7 Barr 183. 
 
 2. Form of, 7 Barr 183; 1 C. 259, 332, 428; 2 C. 335. 
 
 3. Rules as to preparation of, enforced, 14 Wr. 490. 
 
 PAPERS. 
 
 1. Filing of, on trial, 2 W. 401 ; 1 Barr 340. 
 
 2. What may be sent out with jury. See Books and 
 
 Papers, II. 
 
 3. Notice to produce. See Books and Papers, I. 
 
 4. Admissibility of, in evidence. See Evidence, III. 
 
592 PAH— PAEOL EVIDENCE. 
 
 PAR. 
 
 1. When bakk notes are at, 2 0. 451. 
 
 2. Penalty for not keeping bank notes at, 2 C. 451. 
 
 PARDON. 
 
 1. Not valid until delivery, 8 "Wr. 210. 
 
 2. Conditional, 8 W. & S. 197. 
 
 3. When void, 8 Wr. 210. 
 
 4. Proof op, 6 W. 338; 2 C. 375; 1 S. 332. 
 
 5. Production of, on trial, 1 S. 332. 
 
 6. Effect of. 
 
 On forfeited recognisance, 9 W. 142 ; 11 S. 495. 
 
 On estate forfeited by treason, 3 Gr. 158. 
 
 On competency of party to testify, 2 Wh. 453; 1 Gr. 329. 
 
 On sentence of fine and imprisonment, 4 S. & R. 451 ; 9 
 
 W. 142; 3Barr 126; 4 C. 297. 
 On costs, 4 S. & R. 449; 2 Wh. 438; 4 Barr 144; 7 Wr. 
 
 53; 9 Wr. 372; 10 Wr. 351, 446. 
 
 PARENTAL SUCCESSION. See Descent; Father; 
 Mother. 
 
 PARENT AND CHILD. 
 
 Reciprocal rights and liabilities of. See Child ; Father ; 
 Mother. 
 
 PARKBSBURG STATION. 
 
 Effect of abandonment of, 6 Wr. 31. 
 
 PAROL AGREEMENT. See Contract. 
 
 PAROL AUTHORITY. See Kqwt:; Factor; Father. 
 
 PAROL DECLARATION OF TRUST, See Trust. 
 
 PAROL EVIDENCE. 
 
 I. Of contents of writing, 1 S. & R. 27; 2 S. & R. 294, 
 
 494; 5 S. &R. 154; 7 S. & R. 313; 10 S. & R. 275; 
 
 4 W. 396; 6 W. 290; 1 W. & S. 445; 3 W. & S. 291, 
 293;4W.&S.426; 7 W. & S. 32, 317; 8W. & S. 369 ; 
 9 W. & S. 75; 5 Barr 360; 9 Barr 28, 172; 2 J. 209; 
 
 5 C. 375; 4 Wr. 151, 506; 7 Wr. 191; 12 Wr. 305. 
 
 II. To ALTER AND REFORM WRITTEN CONTRACT. 
 
 1. To EXPLAIN AND DEFINE THE SUBJECT-MATTER, 5 C. 92 ; 
 
 8 Wr. 460; 10 Wr. 420; 12 Wr. 491; 4 S. 77; 5 S. 
 99; 12 S. 451. 
 
 2. To PROVE OMITTED CONSIDERATION, 12 Wr. 491 ; 5 S. 
 
 347 ; 7 S. 139, 410. 
 
PAROL EVIDENCE. 593 
 
 PAEOL EYIBE'NGE— continued. 
 
 3. To ESTABLISH A TRUST, 5 S. & R. 421. 
 
 4. To REBUT A PRESUMPTION OR AN EQUITY, 9 Barr 275; 7 
 
 C. 265. 
 
 5. To ALTER OPERATION WHEN NOT IN CONTRADICTION OP 
 
 , WRITING, 14 S. & R. 159 ; 8 W. & S. 75 ; 5 C. 92; 7 
 C. 252; 11 C. 212; 8 Wr. 392; 10 Wr. 380; 12 Wr. 
 73, 180; 2 S. 461; 9 S. 469; 15 S. 476. 
 
 6. To SUPPLY DEFICIENCY IN WRITTEN CONTRACT, 7 C. 252 ; 
 
 4 S. 77. 
 
 7. In CASE OP AMBIGUITY, MISTAKE OR PRAUD, 1 S. & R. 
 
 464; 7 S. & R. Ill ; 10 S. & R. 290 ; 8 W. & S. 96 ; 
 
 2 Barr 13 ; 7 Barr 117 ; 9 Barr 279 ; IJ. 238 ; 7 H. 
 396; 5 C. 96; 7 C. 270; 4 Wr. 160; 4 S. 410; 5 S. 
 242,409; 6 S. 442 ; 12 S. 367; 17 S. 108, 461. 
 
 8. To PROVE IDENTITY OP PERSON. See IDENTITY. 
 
 9. To PROVE IDENTITY OP PROPERTY, 2 S. & R. 84 ; 9 S. & 
 
 il. 74 ; 4 R. 130 ; 1 Barr 229 ; 17 S. 108, 113. 
 
 10. To ALTER DATE, 9 S. 398. 
 
 11. Explanatory evidence op writings conpined to 
 
 ORIGINAL PARTIES, 1 D. 424 ; 6 S. & R. 401, 411 ; 7 
 W. 517; 1 Wh. 303; 7 H. 396. 
 
 12. Where the alleged error occurred bepore execu- 
 
 tion OP writing, 4 D. 340 ; 1 Y. 132, 135 ; 2 Y. 
 295 ; 1 B. 610 ; 5 S. & R. 369, 421 ; 12 S. & R. 269 ; 
 14 S. & R. 283 ; 1 P. & W. 417 ; 3 P. & W. 450 ; 2 
 Wh. 75; 4 W. & S. 207; 8 W. & S. 185; 7 H. 291; 
 8 H. 464; 5 Barr 183; 3 C. 144; 5 0. 92 ; 8 Wr. 
 392, 393; 13 S. 97. 
 18. Where alleged error occurred at time op execution 
 AND DELIVERY, 1 D. 340, 420 ; 2 D. 171, 173 ; 3 D. 
 507; 4 D. 340; 1 Y. 182, 284, 301, 304; 2 Y. 370; 
 
 3 Y. 572 ; 1 B. 328, 610 ; 8 B. 587 ; 6 B. 483 ; 1 S. 
 & R. 159, 463; 3 S. & R. 309; 5 S. & R. 421; 6 S. 
 & R. 171, 401; 7 S. & R. Ill; 9 S. & R. 47, 434; 
 10 S. & R. 177, 290, 307, 339; 12 S. & R. 283; 14 
 S. & R. 159, 448; 16 S. & R. 98, 345, 424; 17 S. 
 & R. 100 ; 3 R. 345; 4 R. 130, 141 ; 1 P. & W. 486 ; 
 2P. & W. 361; 3P. & W. 122; 1 W. 85; 2 W. 89; 8 
 W. 151, 188 ; 6 W. 126 ; 7 W. 201 ; 9 W. 179 ; 2 Wh. 
 108; 4 Wh. 516; 6 Wh. 197; 1 W. & S. 191, 202, 
 821 ; 4 W. & S. 491 ; 6 W. & S. 159, 516 ; 7 W. & S. 
 894 ; 8 W. & S. 98 ; 2 Barr 18, 122 ; 8 Barr 251, 390 ; 
 
 4 Barr 493 ; 5 Barr 409 ; "^ Barr 117 ; 9 Barr 275 ; 
 
 38 
 
594 PAKOL EVIDENCE— PARTIES AND PEIVIES, 
 
 PAROL EVIDENCE— cow^mwe^. 
 
 1 J. 157, 238, 366; 3 H. 66, 323; 7 H. 396; 8 H. 
 464 ; 3 C. 144, 151 ; 4 C. 135, 179, 497 ; 7 C. 252, 
 265; 8 C. 260; 9 C. 251, 386; 10 C. 155, 242,365; 
 11 C. 212, 215 ; 8 Wr. 392 ; 10 Wr. 420 ; 12 Wr. 
 491; 1 Gr. 301; 2 Gr. 459; 2 S. 356, 461; 4 S. 77, 
 460; 5 S. 99; 6 S. 139, 308; 7 S. 410; 9 S. 398; 
 10 S. 170; 12 S. 451; 13 S. 367; 14 S. 464; 15 S. 
 476; 17 S. 461. 
 
 14. As TO MATTERS OCCUERINa AFTER EXECUTION AND DELIV- 
 ERY, 4 S. &R. 241; 12 S. & R. 269; 6W. &S.165; 
 
 2 Barr 13 ; 9 H. 377, 455 ; 1 0. 224 ; 3 C. 95, 97, 
 144; 6 C. 84; 7 C. 131; 2 Wr. 376; 2 S. 461. 
 
 PAROL EXCHANGE OF LAND, 3 P. &W. 505; 5W. 156; 
 8 W. & S. 135; 7 Barr 110; 9 Barr 117; 2 H. 260; 7 S. 
 427; 18 S. 146; 19 S. 282. 
 
 PAROL EXPLANATION OF FORMER RECOVERY, 7 
 C. 58; 12 S. 252. 
 
 PAROL EXPLANATION OF INQUISITION, 7 ^Y. & S. 
 134 ; 8 H. 92. 
 
 PAROL EXPLANATION OF LEVY ON LAND, 5 S. & 
 R. 257 ; 10 S. & R. 275. 
 
 PAROL EXPLANATION OF RECORD, 6 Wr. 320 ; 7 Wr. 278. 
 
 PAROL GRANT. See Grant. 
 
 PAROL GUARANTY. See Guaranty 5. 
 
 PAROL LEASE. See Lease. 
 
 PAROL PARTITION. See Partition, II. 
 
 PAROL REBUTTAL OF PRESUMPTION, 3 H. 400; 8 
 H. 177; 7 0. 270. 
 
 PAROL RELEASE. See Release. 
 
 PAROL SALE OF LAND. See Frauds, Statute of, 14. 
 
 PART. 
 
 Meaning of in will, 3 Wr. 237. 
 
 PARTIAL PAYMENT. See Interest 5. 
 
 PARTIES. See Actions. 
 
 PARTIES AND PRIVIES. 
 
 Effect of judgment and decrees on, 1 D. 419; 4 S. & R. 226 ; 
 3 R. 273; 4 R. 273; 6 W. 398; 10 W. 222; 4 W. & S. 
 9; 6 W. & S. 369 ; 7 W. & S. 150 ; 1 Barr 251; 2 Barr 
 31; 10 C. 223; 2 S. 525; 14 S. 242. 
 
PARTITION. 595 
 
 PARTITION. 
 
 I. In the Common Pleas. 
 
 1. Statutes oe 8 & 9 Wm. 3, c. 31, not in force here, 2 
 
 B. 1; 7 H. 105. 
 
 2. Act of Assembly relative to, construed, 2 Wh. 210 ; 
 
 9 Barr 462. 
 
 3. Amicable action of, 7 H. 100. 
 
 4. "What subject of, 7 S. & R. 467 ; 7 H. 100 ; 11 H. 
 
 393, 495. 
 
 5. Parties to. 
 
 Tenant by the curtesy, 2 D. 257. 
 
 Tenants in common, 1 B. 216; 3 R. 422 ; 2 P. & W. 115; 
 
 1 W. 265 ; 5 W. 279 ; 10 W. 135; 1 W. & S. 184 ; 
 
 1 H. 376 ; 7 H. 100 ; 10 Wr. 236 ; 7 S. 392 ; 19 
 
 S 235 
 Equitable owner, 7 S. & R. 467 ; 11 H. 99; 19 S. 235. 
 Adverse claimant, 1 W. & S. 184. 
 Non-residents, 2 Wh. 210. 
 Minor, 4 S. 455 ; 7 S. 392, 393. 
 Lunatics, 1 J. 522. • 
 
 Married women, 3 R. 420 ; 9 H. 260 ; 7 S. 393. 
 Children of devisee, 2 Wh. 445. 
 Collateral heirs, 2 Wr. 430. 
 
 Joinder of parties in, 7 W. 205 ; 9 W. 410 ; 10 Wr. 236. 
 Widow, 7 W. 205 ; 7 Wr. 474; 14 Wr. 394. 
 
 6. Precipe for, 2 D. 69. 
 
 7. Writ in, 2 D. 69 ; 7 S. 393. 
 
 8. Service of, 9 Barr 461 ; IJ. 522 ; 7 S. 392, 393. 
 
 9. Return to, 7 S. 392. 
 
 10. Abatement of, 2 B. 1. 
 
 11. Appearance by attorney in, 10 Wr. 236. 
 
 12. Power op court in on death of plaintiff feme 
 
 covert, 8 W. 121 ; 6 Barr 348. 
 
 13. Declaration in, 7 S. & R. 467 ; 9 Barr 461. 
 
 14. Evidence in. 
 
 Under plea non tenit, &c., 1 D. 2 ; 3 Y. 192 ; 7 W. 540 ; 
 
 7 Barr 120; IJ. 353. 
 Ouster in a question for jury, 2 W. 494. 
 
 15. Judgment quod partitio, 7 Barr 238 ; 2 H. 134 ; 5 H. 
 
 85 ; 7 H. 157 ; 12 H. 127 ; 10 Wr. 236 ; 7 S. 393. 
 
 16. Inquisition on, 4 D. 70 ; 1 W. 320. 
 Notice of, 5 H. 462. 
 
 Return of, 4 D. 70 ; 9 Barr 462. 
 
596 PAETITION. 
 
 PARTITION— conimwecZ. 
 
 When land cannot be divided, 2 Wh. 210 ; 6 Barr 234. 
 
 Must be in presence of parties, 5 C. 113. 
 
 Effect of on title, 7 Barr 233 ; 9 Barr 143 ; 2 H. 134 ; 7 H. 
 
 157,168; 19 S. 235. 
 Effect of on land charged with legacies, 2 P. & W. 279. 
 Effect of on land encumbered with mortgages, 2 P. & W. 
 
 124. 
 Effect of on dower, 1 D. 418. 
 
 18. Acceptance oe lands in, 4 W. & S. 183 ; 6 Barr 234 ; 
 
 11 S. 240 ; 12 S. 252. 
 
 19. Recognisance in, 6 Barr 348. 
 
 20. Owelty due wife, power of husband over, 1 W. & 
 
 S. 517. 
 
 21. Interest on acceptance oe land, 1 Y. 395. 
 
 22. Sale under, 6 Barr 234; 7 S. 394. 
 Is judicial, 7 S. 394. 
 
 Effect of on liens, 7 S. 395. 
 
 Rights of purchaser under, 7 S. 395. 
 
 Title conveyed by, 3 C' 473. 
 
 Power of court over, 4 W. 251 ; 3 C. 473. 
 
 Liability of sheriff for proceeds of, 4 Wr. 75. 
 
 23. Costs in, 1 P. & W. 461 ; 1 C. 347. 
 
 24. Error in, 12 H. 127 ; 4 S. 455. 
 
 II. By parol, 1 B. 216 ; 1 Wh. 292 ; 1 H. 376 ; 10 Wr. 376 ; . 
 
 12 Wr. 345 ; 1 S. 377. 
 
 III. By AGREEMENT OF PARTIES, 1 B. 216, 378; 3 R. 420; 
 
 4 R. 411 ; 2 P. & W. 115 ; 3 P. & W. 115 ; 1 W. 265, 
 266; 2 W. 159; 1 Wh. 292; 8 W. & S. 131; 5 Barr 
 97; 8 Barr 64; 1 H. 376, 381; 5 H. 85; 7 H. 100; 
 
 5 0. 118;12 Wr. 345. 
 
 IV. Deed OF parties on. 
 
 1. Equivalent to grant, 17 S. & R. 107. 
 
 2. Implied warranty in, 3 P. & W. 505; 5 W. 279; 10 
 
 W. 135; 7 H. 101. 
 
 3. Covenant in, 3 R. 251. 
 
 4. Effect op on privies in blood or estate, 17 S. & R. 
 
 107. 
 
 5. Effect of on title and boundary, 7 Barr 233. 
 
 6. Effect of on minors, 2 W. 159. 
 
 7. Effect of on previous conveyances, 7 Barr 233. 
 
PAKTITION. 597 
 
 PARTITION— coMimwecZ. 
 
 8. Construction of, 9 H. 260. 
 
 9. Under will, 4 Barr 502; 5 Barr 95 ; 2 S. 154 ; 12 S. 
 
 104. 
 
 V. In Supreme Court. 
 
 Effect of decree in, 3 Gr. 381. 
 
 VI. In equity. 
 
 Jurisdiction of court in, 2 Wr. 430 ; 7 Wr. 413. 
 
 VII. In the Orphans' Court. 
 
 1. Jurisdiction of court in. 
 
 Generally, 1 S. & R. 466 ; 3 S. & R. 533 ; 4 S. & R. 
 
 192 ; 3 P. & W. 505 ; 4 Barr 502 ; 6 Barr 459 ; 10 
 
 C. 42; 12 C. 166; 20 S. 118. 
 To ascertain and enforce interest of widow and heirs of 
 
 deceased, 5 Wh. 208 ; 3 Barr 60 ; 5 0. 277. 
 Where parties were not sole seised, 3 S. & R. 533 ; 8 W. 
 
 415; 2 Wh. 187; 12 C. 166. 
 Where land is adversely held. 
 In case of testacy, 4 Barr 502. 
 When to be exercised, 10 C. 42. 
 Between whom, 7 W. & S. 251. 
 
 2. Petition for, 1 D. 352; 5 B. 1; 1 S. & R. 467; 3 S. 
 
 &R. 533;2R. 136. 
 As to parties, 2 R. 156; 7 W. 438 ; 4 W. & S. 86 ; 3 
 
 Barr 71; 7 Barr 50; 2 S. 225; 6 S. 156, 241; 18 
 
 S. 248; 20 S. 118. 
 Estoppel by, 3 R. 326. 
 
 Notice, necessity and propriety of, 9 S. 152; 18 S. 248. 
 Award of inquest, 1 D. 354; 3 S. & R. 533; 8 Barr 202. 
 Does not issue of course, 3 S. & R. 635. 
 What implied in, 4 C. 115. 
 Deceased must have been seised of land, 13 S. & R. 93 ; 
 
 1 W. & S. 184; 1 Barr 325. ■ 
 Who may object to, 4 C. 107. 
 Who entitled to notice of, 7 W. 438; 10 C. 42. 
 
 3. Inquisition in. 
 
 Notice of, 2 B. 215; 10 C. 42. 
 
 Selection of jurors, 1 S. & R. 467. 
 
 Presence of sheriff at, 5 R. 61. 
 
 What to be included in, 3 S. & R. 532; 1 Barr 324. 
 
 4. As TO partition. 
 
 Where there is a widow and but one child, 7 W. & S. 
 
 251 ; 7 Barr 48. 
 Where there is a widow and collateral heirs, 6 S. 363. 
 Purparts may exceed number of heirs, 10 Barr 210. 
 
598 PAKTITION. 
 
 PARTITION— wnimwec?. 
 
 Where there can be no proper partition, 6 S. 363. 
 
 As to valuation, 1 D. 354 ; 5 R. 61 ; 6 H. 374. 
 
 Return, -what proof of, 10 Barr 240. 
 
 Power of court over, 1 D. 253 ; 1 S. & R. 467 ; 3 S. & 
 
 R. 532; 6 W. 112 ; 4 W. & S. 86; 6 H. 374. 
 5. Acceptance of land in. 
 
 Fixing return day for rule, 5 S. 491. 
 Service of rule on, 9 Barr 224 ; 9 S. 152. 
 Notice of rule on, 5 S. 491. 
 
 Manner of accepting, 1 D. 353, 354; 1 Y. 142; 5 S. 532. 
 ' By agreement of heirs, 5 Wr. 74; 12 Wr. 385. 
 By husband in right of wife, 1 S. & R. 460 ; 2 S. & R. 
 
 491; 6 S. & R. 267; 8 S. & R. 167, 175, 181; 16 
 
 S. & R. 60; IP. & W. 372; 5 W. 205; 9 W. 336; 
 
 3 W. & S. 520; 3 Barr 275; 8 Barr 396 ; 2 S. 434; 
 
 6 S. 156. 
 
 Widow, when entitled to, 7 W. & S. 251 ; 7 Barr 48 ; 6 
 
 S. 363; 16 S. 270. 
 By heirs, 4 B. 225; 2 P. & W. 333, 340; 5 Wh. 452; 
 
 7 W. & S. 273; 11 S. 240. 
 
 By alienee of heirs, 7 W. 438; 4 W. & S. 86, 91; 3 
 
 Barr 71; 7 Barr 50, 151; 6 S. 156, 241. 
 By oldest daughter, 4 B. 225. 
 To highest bidder among the heirs, 11 S. 244. 
 By grandson, 1 D. 353 ; 6 S. & R. 2; 8 S. & R. 205. 
 Forfeiture of right to, 7 Barr 151. 
 When title vests in, 1 D. 354 ; 2 P. & W. 115 ; 3 P. & 
 
 W. 195. 
 Effect of on right of Orphans' Court to settle decedent's 
 
 estate, 2 S. 225. 
 Effect of on widow's interest, 5 Wh. 208; 3 W. & S. 456; 
 
 7H. 29; 7 C. 11; 11 C. 173. 
 Effect of on interest of acceptant, 10 C. 46 ; 5 Wr. 169; 
 
 11 Wr. 403; 2 S. 225. 
 
 Effect of on estate of heirs, 14 S. & R. 185 ; 2 P. & W. 
 340; 7 W. & S. 273; 8 W. & S. 127; 7 Barr 238; 
 
 12 H. 424; 10 C. 46; 5 Wr. 169; 14 Wr. 101 ; 2 S. 
 225; 6S. 156; 19 S. 235. 
 
 Effect of on claims of creditors against ancestor, 2 P. & 
 
 W. 124; 11 H. 103; 2 S. 225. 
 Right of acceptant to credit for deficiency in quantity of 
 
 land, 3 P. & W. 195. 
 
 5. Decree of court on. 
 
 Conclusiveness of, 11 S. & R. 430; 14 S. & R. 181 ; 17 
 S. & R. 278, 330; 5 Barr 428; 7 Barr 48, 137; 4 
 C. 115. 
 
PARTITION. 599 
 
 PARTITION— condmwecZ. 
 
 ' Effect of on title, 1 D. 354; 1 S. & R. 460 ; 2 P. at W. 
 115; 9 W. 363; 5 Barr 428; 8 C. 198; 10 C. 42. 
 Effect of on interest of husband in wife's share as heir, 5 
 
 S. 111. 
 Effect of on judgment v. party in interest, 11 H. 162. 
 Effect of on widow's interest, 5 Wh. 208 ; 3 W. & S. 456 
 
 7 H. 29; 7 C. 11; 11 C. 173. 
 
 7. Recognisance eor widow and heirs, 1 D. 265, 853, 354 
 1 Y. 392; 4 Y. 102; 1 B. 358; 1 S. & R. 497; 5 S 
 & R. 147; 16 S. & R. 10, 60; 2 P. & W. 115, 810 
 821, 325, 355; 8 W. 814; 4 W. 74; 5 W. 205; 6 W 
 309; 7 W. 195; 8 W. 226; 1 W. & S. 400; 8 Barr 
 295; 7 H. 24; 9 H. 488; 2 C. 465; 1 Wr. 177. 
 
 In whose name taken, 1 S. & R. 497 ; 5 S. & R. 147 ; 1 
 H. 561; 5H. 565; 6 H. 343. 
 
 How and where entered into, 8 H. 148 ; 9 H. 488. 
 
 Amendment of, 8 H. 148. 
 
 Vacating of, 8 H. 148. 
 
 By husband on acceptance of wife's share, 6 S. & R. 267 ; 
 
 8 S. & R. 167, 181; 3 W. & S. 520; 8 Barr 64, 
 396 ; 2 S. 434. See Husband, II. 5. 
 
 Lien of, 5 S. & R. 147; 7 S. & R. 43; 16 S. k R. 10, 
 
 60; 2 P. & W. 855; 8 W. 296; 8 W. & S. 158; 6 
 
 H. 193 ; 7 H. 24 ; 8 Barr 295. 
 Widow's interest in, 12 S. & R. 9; 8 W. 296; 3 W. & S. 
 
 458; 8 Barr 69; 11 C. 173; 14 Wr. 875. 
 Irregularity in, 6 Barr 348 ; 8 Barr 396 ; 1 Wr. 177. 
 Credit on for encumbrances, 4 W. & S. 183. 
 Credit on for deficiency in quantity of land, 3 P. & W. 
 
 195. 
 Credit where land is taken of ancestor, 2 P. & W. 195. 
 Effect of, on tenant by curtesy, 1 D. 353 ; 10 Barr 899. 
 Effect of, on dower of widow, 18 S. & R. 93 ; 5 Wh. 218 ; 
 
 I W. & S. 160; 2 J. 88. 
 
 Effect of, on interest of wife after acceptance by husband, 
 
 6 S. & R. 462 ; 9 W. 836. 
 Effect of, as to conversion of heir's interest, 1 D. 265; 1 
 
 B. 358; 8 W. & S. 153; 1 J. 374. 
 Bond of heirs is personal property, 1 D. 265 ; 1 B. 858 ; 
 
 II S. & R. 254; 16 S. & R. 70; 7 W. 159; 8 W. 
 & S. 153; 1 J. 374, 377; 14 Wr. 101. 
 
 Interest on, 1 Y. 392 ; 7 W. & S. 273. 
 
 Payment of shares due on, 11 S. & R. 325 ; 4 W. 586; 
 
 8 W. & S. 153, 899 ; 10 Barr 210 ; 11 C. 514; 12 
 
 S. 318. 
 Payment, presumption as to, 6 H. 190. 
 
600 PARTITION— PARTNERS. 
 
 TARTITIOI^— continued. 
 
 Payment of wife's share to husband, 1 B. 365 ; 8 S. & 
 
 R. 172, 342; 2 Wh. 249; 4 H. 353; 2 S. 449. 
 Payment of wife's share into court, 3 H. 421, 426. 
 Record of. 
 Admissibility in evidence, 14 S. & R. 197; 9 W. 363. 
 Correction of, by bill of review, 2 J. 260. 
 Action on, 2 W. 200 ; 7 W. 195, 199 ; 8 W. & S. 153 ; 
 
 1 J. 374 ; 4 H. 426 ; 1 Gr. 216 ; 16 S. 314. 
 After death of party secured by, 7 W. 159. 
 Defence to, 4 Y. 102 ; 14 S. & R. 181 ; 2 P. & W. 333 ; 
 3 P. & W. 195 ; 2 W. 200 ; 6 W. 309 ; 7 W. 440 ; 
 3 W. & S. 28;4 W. &S. 183; IJ. 374 ; 5 H. 126. 
 8. Sale utoee peoceeding in, 2 W. 263 ; 7 W. & S. 273 ; 
 6 H. 199, 202 ; 8 H. 148 ; 11 H. 377 ; 7 Wr. 168 ; 1 
 S. 58; 18 S. 409; 20 S. 113. 
 Power of court over, 2 Wh. 81 ; 6 H. 199 ; 3 C. 173. 
 When equivalent to conversion, 3 W. & S. 314 ; 9 W. & 
 
 S. 147; 8 H. 17. 
 Stay of proceedings on, 2 Wh. 81. 
 Not to be impeached collaterally, 6 H. 199. 
 Effect of on widow's interests, 1 H. 121. 
 Right of to way-going crop, 9 H. 90 ; 7 C. 426 ; 9 Wr. 430. 
 
 PARTITION OF CORNWALL ESTATE, 4 Wr. 45 ; 7 Wr. 176. 
 
 PARTNERS, DORMANT OR SPECIAL. 
 L Who are, 12 C. 325. 
 
 II. Rights of. 
 
 To be joined as plaintiffs in suit, 12 C. 293. 
 
 After judgment against co-partners, 1 W. & S. 335 ; 6 
 
 W. & S. 165; 10 H. 68; 8 Wr. 150. 
 To retire from firm, 12 C. 325. 
 
 III. Duties of, 8 Wr. 145. 
 
 IV. Liability of to fikm creditors, 12 S. & R. 315; 3 
 " W. 39 ; 1 Wh. 381 ; 2 Wh. 542; 5 H. 484; 8 Wr. 145, 
 
 156; 17 S. 273. 
 
 V. Action against. 
 
 Declaration, 17 S. & R. 165. 
 
 Pleas in, 17 S. & R. 165. 
 
 Evidence, 3 W. 101 ; 9 Barr 441. See Partnership, II. 
 
 PARTNERS. 
 
 I. When tenants in common, 7 S. & R. 438 ; 2 W. 143 ; 7 
 Barr 170; 1 H. 154; 3 H. 177; 1 C. 268; 3 Wr. 535 ; 
 20 S. 79, 81, 169. 
 
PARTNERS. 601 
 
 PARTNERS— conimwei. 
 
 II. General powbes over business op firm, 2 B. 245 ; 3 
 W. 39; 5 W. & S. 210; 1 Barr 417; 9 Barr 441; 10 H. 
 21; 1 C. 430; 2 C. 458; 4 C. 440 ; 12 0.498; 1 Wr. 
 217; 3 Wr. 447; 10 Wr. 434, 504; 12 Wr. 286; 13 
 Wr. 122 ; 1 Gr. 31; 3 Gr. 33 ; 7 S. 365 ; 8 S. 179; 12 S. 
 374; 20 S. 217. 
 Over partnership property, 4 D. 435; 2 Y. 266 ; 1 P. & 
 
 W. 198, 203; 5 W. 23; 4 H. 399; 6 H. 408; 8 H. 
 
 228, 233 ; 9 H. 82 ; 2 Gr. 31 ; 13 S. 194. 
 Limited to partnership business, 1 Gr. 31 ; 3 Gr. 33. 
 As to debts due firm, 1 D. 250 ; 4 B. 375; 8 S. & R. 53; 
 
 12 S. & R. 15 ; 1 P. & W. 375 ; 2 P. & W. 160, 
 
 177 ; 3 W. 39 ; 5 Barr 277 ; 7 Barr 433. 
 To bind firm by simple contract, 1 D. 250 ; 11 S. & R. 
 
 362; 12 S. & R. 13, 243; 17 S. & R. 126; 4 R. 
 
 120 ; 1 P. & W. 198 ; 2 P. & W. 177; 5 W. 23 ; 3 
 
 Wh. 530; 8 W. & S. 63; 1 Barr 417 ; 4 H. 399; 10 
 
 H. 21, 69; 1 C. 297; 2 0. 458; 4 C. 440; 6 C. 
 
 215; 5 Wr. 306; 7 Wr. 191; 1 Gr. 31; 3 Gr. 33; 
 
 7 S. 365; 8 S. 179; 12 S. 293, 374, 400. 
 By subscription in name of firm, 2 Gr. 219. 
 By deed, 2 B. 61; 1 P. & W. 285; 3 W. 159; 7 W. 
 
 331; 6 W. & S. 165; 5 H. 67; 7 H. 235; 3 C. 
 
 517; 6 C. 84; 2 Wr. 231; 12 S. 393, 457; 18 S. 
 
 201, 203; 20 S. 217, 301. 
 By judgment, 1 D. 119; 7 W. 331; 1 W. & S. 340; 7 
 
 W. & S. 142; 6 Barr 498, 519; 1 C. 430; 4 C. 
 
 279; 11 C. 517; 12 C. 458; 3 Wr. 335, 538; 3 Gr. 
 
 302. 
 By assignment, 2 S. & R. 178; 11 S. & R. 41; 5 R. 
 
 221; 4 W. 455; 5 Wh. 530; 3 H. 316; 7 H. 414; 
 
 9 H. 76, 77; 3 Wr. 269; 13 Wr. 465. See. As- 
 signment. 
 By admissions. See Admissions and Declarations 40. 
 For individual debt of partners, 4 S. & R. 397 ; 5 W. 
 
 196; 1 W. & S. 335; 2 W. & S. 152, 155, 454; 6 
 
 W. & S. 165; 1 Barr 417; 4 H. 399; 6 H. 413; 9 
 
 H. 32; 10 H. 80 ; 1 0. 297; 4 C. 285; 11 C. 517; 
 
 1 Gr. 31; 2 Gr. 139, 297; 2 S. 317; 20 S. 217. 
 In equity, 1 B. 123; 12 Wr. 275. 
 To use firm name on private accommodation note, 1 Barr 
 
 417 ; 10 H. 80. 
 To conduct suit for firm, 1 D. 119; 1 B. 191; 9 S. & R. 
 
 241. 
 To testify, 2 Y. 154, 185 ; 3 Y. 560; 17 S. & R. 453; 2 
 
602 PARTNERS. 
 
 VAUTl^ERS— continued. 
 
 W. 347; 5 W. 496; 8 W. & S. 63 ; 1 H. 641; 6 H. 
 
 164 ; 7 H. 96, 243 ; 9 Wr. 67 ; 8 S. 70. 
 To revive debt barred by Statute of Limitations, 17 S. 
 
 & K. 126; 1 P. & W. 135; 12 Wr. 248; 3 Gr. 
 
 302. 
 To purchase real estate, 3 C. 89. 
 To lease real estate, 7 H. 235 ; 9 H. 257. 
 To relinquish right held by warrant and survey, 2 B. 
 
 To introduce stranger into firm, 1 Wh. 380 ; 2 Wh. 542 ; 
 
 8 W. & S. 262; 1 H. 67 ; 9 H. 76 ; 5 Wr. 297. 
 III. Mutual rights, liabilities and duties op partners. 
 
 1. To repudiate contract of partner, 7 Wr. 37; 7 S. 
 
 365. 
 
 2. To subrogation on payment of firm debt, 8 H. 41 ; 3 
 
 Wr. 397. See Subrogation. 
 
 3. To withdraw from firm, 8 S. 168. 
 
 4. To contribution, 3 W. & S. 81; 6 W. & S. 235; 6 H. 
 
 351; 5 Wr. 129. 
 
 5. As to settlements with each other, 2 C. 49 ; 12 S. 
 
 73; 15 S. 126. 
 
 S. As to incoming partners, 8 S. 179. 
 
 7. As TO personal services to firm, 7 H. 519; 19 S. 
 
 30, 35. See ante, II. 
 
 8. As TO debts contracted before partnership, 5 W. 
 
 196; 8 S. 179. 
 
 In account render, 1 D. 339, 340; 4 Y. 370 ; 3 B. 317 ; 
 10 S. & R. 220; 15 S. & R. 153 ; 3 P. & W. 295; 
 
 1 Wh. 107; 6 Wh. 615; 1 W. & S. 342; 4 Barr 
 137; 6 Barr 283; IJ. 53; 6 H. 350; 2 0. 49; 5 
 Wr. 129; 16 S. 484; 19 S: 30. 
 
 In assumpsit, 4 D. 197, 435; 1 B. 191; 7 S. & R. 116 ; 
 
 9 S. & R. 241; 3 P. & W. 295; 2 W. 86 ; 4 W. & 
 S. 14; 5 W. & S. 468; 6 W. & S. 235; 4 Barr 281 ; 
 6 H. 20. 
 
 In trover, 4 R. 120; 3 S. 330; 9 S. 389; 16 S. 331. 
 In covenant, 3 Wr. 447. 
 On an account stated, 6 S. & R. 333. 
 In equity, 5 W. & S. 468 ; 2 Wr. 257. 
 On receiving service of writ, 6 W. & S. 529. 
 In equity, 12 Wr. 275. 
 
 As to use of partnership funds, 3 W. 39; 4 H. 399; 6H. 
 408; 8 H. 41; 10 H. 21 ; 11 C. 517; 9 Wr. 71; 
 
 2 Gr. 139. 
 
PARTNERS. 603 
 
 PARTNERS— conimwed 
 
 As to partnership debts, 1 D. 26, 129; 15 S. & R. 137; 
 
 1 P. & W. 198, 285; 3 W. 101; 6 Wh. 264; 2 W. 
 
 & S. 152; 5 W. & S. 333, 564; 8 Barr 316 ; 4 Barr 
 
 205; 2C. 108. 
 As to sale on execution of partner's interest in firm, 4 Y. 
 
 447; 17 S. & R. 456; 11 C. 432; 5 Wr. 297. 
 As to private contracts of partners, 15 S. & R. 118; 1 P. 
 
 & W. 198; 2 P. & W. 160; 3 W. 220. 
 After withdrawal of co-partner, 2 C. 108. 
 As to settlement with co-partners, 2 C. 49 ; 18 S. 415. 
 To injunction, 1 S. & R. 124; 1 Wr. 218, 486. 
 
 III. Rights and liabilities of as to strangers. 
 Against officer for illegal levy, 7 "W. & S. 142. 
 For partnership contracts, 1 R. 212 ; 12 Wr. 275. 
 
 For partnership debts, 1 D. 129, 269; 12 S. & R. 315; 
 15 S. & R. 137; 1 P. &W. 198; 3 W. 39,101; 
 
 1 Wh. 380; 2 Wh. 542; 5 W. & S. 333; 3 Barr 
 316; 5 H. 484; 13 S. 273. 
 
 To writ of foreign attachment, 10 W. 217. 
 On personal obligation for firm debts, 1 P. & W. 285 ; 6 
 Wh. 264; 2 W. & S. 152; 4 Barr 205; 10 H. 80; 
 
 2 C. 108. 
 
 In trespass, 8 Wr. 156. 
 
 IV. Actions against firm. 
 
 As to names of parties, 5 W. 455 ; 3 Barr 319 ; 5 H. 67, 
 70; 7 H. 273; 10 H. 68 ; 8 S. 70. 
 
 Service of writ, 3 Y. 258; 2 P. & W. 427. 
 
 Duty of partner served, 6 W. & S. 529. 
 
 As to appearance, 17 S. & R. 453 ; 9 W. 22. 
 
 After death of partners, 8 C. 115 ; 10 C. 411 ; 12 Wr. 
 275. 
 
 How affected by change of firm name, 2 Wr. 214 ; 9 Wr. 
 49. 
 
 Declaration in, 17 S. & R. 165. 
 
 Pleas in, 17 S. & R. 165. 
 
 Proof of partnership. See ante., II. 1. 
 
 Admissions of partner. See Admissions and Declara- 
 tions 40. 
 
 Set off in, 14 S. & R. 300. 
 12. Judgment against firm. 
 
 Generally, 17 S. & R. 453; 1 C. 268 ; 4 C. 279. 
 
 After service on one or more only of the firm, 9 W. 22. 
 
 Effect of on liability of partner not served, 9 S. & R. 142 ; 
 13 S. & R. 288; 2 W. 204; 3 W. 202; 6 W. 528; 
 6 Wh. 268; 1 W. & S. 112; 1 Barr 368; 5 Barr 
 
604 PARTNEKS— PARTNERSHIP. 
 
 'PAETBERB— continued. 
 
 401, 402; 1 J. 304, 394; 2 H. 213; 18 Wr. 65; 
 
 20 S. 253. 
 VI. Execution against. 
 
 Where defendants are members of separate firms, 3 Barr 
 
 317. 
 Equities of partners, efiect of on rights of private and 
 
 partnership creditors, 8 H. 228; 9 H. 76, 82; 1 C. 
 
 216; 3 0. 211; 8 C. 446; 8 Wr. 503; 9 Wr. 71, 
 
 484 ; 5 S. 252. 
 
 PARTNERSHIP. 
 
 I. What constitutes a partnership, 1 P. & W. 147 ; 6 W. 
 
 & S. 139 ; 1 Barr 255 ; 2 Barr 408 ; 7 Barr 165 ; 5 Wr. 
 30, 102 ; 12 S. 374. 
 
 II. Nature of general and limited, 17 S. & R. 165 ; 3 
 
 W. & S. 81 ; 6 Barr 490 ; 10 Barr 42, 47 ; 2 Wr. 153 
 5 Wr. 102; 8 Wr. 145, 150. 156; 13 S. 273; 17 S 
 330. 
 
 III. Proof of existence op, 1 Y. 144 ; 3 Y. 30 ; IB. 244 
 
 2 B. 245; 3 S. & R. 402 ; 4 S. & R. 551 ; 6 S. & R 
 259; 8 S. & R. 103, 425; 11 S. & R. 362; 12 S. & R 
 49, 80, 256, 405 ; 15 S. & R. 137 ; 16 S. & R. 120 ; 17 
 S. & R. 165, 453; 1 R. 197 ; 2 R. 359 ; 1 P. & W. 140 
 
 3 P. & W. 295 ; 2 W. 86, 143, 222, 342, 349, 411 ; 3 W, 
 101 ; 9 W. 22 ; 4 Wh. 365 ; 6 Wh. 146 ; 1 W. & S. 334 
 5 W. & S. 333 ; 6 W. & S. 142 ; 8 W. & S. 257, 262 ; 7 
 Barr 165; 9 Barr 441 ; 1 H. 641 ; 3 H. 177 ; 7 H. 276 ; 
 9H. 390; 10 H. 68 ; 4 C. 440 ; 8 C. 312; 12 C. 114; 5 
 Wr. 30, 102 ; 12 Wr. 286 ; 13 Wr. 65, 83 ; 4 S. 203 ; 7 
 S. 316; 12 S. 374; 13 S. 97, 378; 17 S. 331. 
 
 IV. Contract for, construed, 3 W. & S. 81 ; 8 W. & S. 
 262 ; 4 C. 304; 9 C. 485; 5 Wr. 515. 
 
 V. Implied covenant in articles of, 8 Wr. 447 ; 20 S. 
 
 801. 
 
 VI. When conducted in name of one partner, 2 C. 264. 
 
 VII. When separate firms are composed of some of 
 SAME parties, 17 S. & R. 458 ; 6 H. 408 ; 12 Wr. 274, 
 514; 8S. 70. 
 
 VIII. Change of name of firm. 
 
 Efi^ect of on pending action, 2 Wr. 214. 
 
 IX. Continuance of. 
 
 1. By consent, 17 S. & R. 165. 
 
 2. After death of partner, 11 S. & R. 41 ; 12 Wr. 275. 
 
PARTNERSHIP BOOKS— PARTNERSHIP DEBTS. 605 
 
 PARTNERSHIP BOOKS. 
 
 Admissibility of in evidence, 3 Y. 30; 12 S. & R. 238; 7 S. 316. 
 Parol evidence of contents of, 2 S. & R. 494. 
 Right of partners to, 2 C. 49. 
 
 PARTNERSHIP CLERK. 
 
 Powers of to act for firm, 1 D. 276 ; 2 P. & W. 160 ; 9 H. 
 300. 
 
 PARTNERSHIP CREDITORS. 
 
 I. Who are, 5 Wr. 306. 
 
 II. Rights op. 
 
 1. Against firm property for firm debts, 1 P. & W. 
 
 198; 1 H. 471; 3 H. 177; 4 H. 59; 1 C. 430; 7 Wr. 
 456; 9 S. 227; 19 S. 122. 
 
 2. Against firm property for debt of partner, 2 D. 
 
 74, 278, 279; 2 Y. 190; 4 Y. 477; 12 S. & R. 456; 
 1 P. & W. 198, 205; 5 W. 196; 8 W. 503; 10 W. 
 251; 2 W. & S. 152; 1 Barr 417; 6 Barr 492; 8 H. 
 228; 9 H. 76, 82; 10 H. 80; 2 C. 262; 4 C. 279; 
 
 5 C. 9; 8 C. 446; 11 C. 432; 3 Wr. 397; 5 Wr. 297; 
 7 Wr. 457; 9 Wr. 181, 185; 5 S. 252; 7 S. 9. 
 
 3. Depend on equity of partners, 3 W. 220 ; 5 W. & S. 
 
 472, 486; 6 W. & S. 339, 465; 7 W. & S. 142; 9 Barr 
 441; 8 H. 228; 9 H. 76, 82; 1 C. 216, 299, 430; 
 3 C. 211; 8 C. 446; 10 C. 331; 8 Wr. 503; 9 Wr. 
 71, 484; 12 Wr. 275, 514; 5 S. 252; 7 S. 129; 12 
 S. 23. 
 
 4. To partner's interest in firm, 4 Y. 447; 17 S. & R. 
 
 456; 8 W. & S. 63; 3 C. 211; 11 C. 432; 7 Wr. 
 456; 5 S. 252. 
 
 5. Against estate of deceased partner, 1 B. 23 ; 18 S. 
 
 6 R. 411; 1 R. 212; 8 C. 115; 10 C. 411; 12 Wr. 
 275; 3Gr. 320; 5 S. 252, 253. 
 
 6. As against private creditors on distribution of 
 
 PARTNERSHIP AND PRIVATE PROPERTY, 5 R. 151 ; 3 
 
 Wr. 284, 397, 538; 8 Wr. 503; 9 Wr. 484. 
 
 PARTNERSHIP DEBTS. 
 Proof of, 8 C. 115. 
 What are, 5 W. 454; 7 Barr 165; 8 H. 41; 1 C. 297; 2 C. 
 
 458; 4 C. 440; 9 Wr. 181; 5 S. 253. 
 Presumption as to, 17 S. & R. 165 ; 2 P. & W. 160 ; 5 W. 
 
 454; 1 C. 297; 4 C. 440; 8 C. 115; 10 C. 344. 
 Payment of, 1 D. 250; 1 P. & W. 204; 5 Barr 39; 1 H. 471, 
 544; 8 H. 234; 9 H. 82; 1 C. 217; 4 C. 524. 
 
606 PAETNEESHIP, DISSOLUTION OF. 
 
 PARTNERSHIP I>EBT.S— continued. 
 Extinguishment of. 
 
 By note of partner, 5 Wh. 530; 4 W. & S. 100; 6 W. & 
 S. 165; 5 C. 404; 9 H. 76; 13 Wr. 65. 
 Release of, 4 B. 375; 5 C. 404. 
 
 Liability of estate of deceased partner for, 8 C. 115; 10 C. 
 411 ; 12 Wr. 275; 3 Gr. 320; 5 S. 252. See Partner- 
 ship Creditors 5. 
 Right of partners to insist on payment of out of firm assets, 
 9 Wr. 71. See Partners 17. 
 
 PARTNERSHIP, DISSOLUTION OF. 
 
 1. By completion of work, 1 Barr 247. 
 
 2. By insolvency, 2 S. & R. 178 ; 5 R. 221 ; 3 H. 316; 9 
 
 H. 77; 2 0. 108 ; 4 0. 279. 
 
 3. By death, 1 B. 128, 128; 11 S. & R. 41 ; 13 S. & R. 
 
 411 ; 1 R. 212 ; 5 W. & S. 210 ; 12 Wr. 275. 
 
 4. By withdrawal of partner, 8 S. 168. 
 
 5. By change of partners, 1 Wh. 380 ; 2 Wh. 542 ; 8 W. 
 
 & S. 262; 1 H. 67. 
 
 6. By creation op new firm, 12 Wr. 275. 
 
 7. By consent, 1 Wh. 881 ; 8 W. & S. 262; 1 H. 67. 
 
 8. By decree of court, 8 S. 168. 
 
 9. Notice of, 7 S. & R. 504; 3 W. 839; 4 Wh. 482, 484; 4 
 
 Barr 205; 2 H. 475 ; 12 C. 114, 325; 2Wr. 214; 19 S. 
 185. 
 
 10. Effect of on strangers, 4 Y. 337 ; 6 S. & R. 383 ; 8 
 
 W. 485 ; 3 W. & S. 345 ; 4 W. & S. 14 ; 5 W. & S. 
 210 ; 1 H. 50 ; 6 H. 96 ; 7 H. 278 ; 5 C. 293 ; 3 Wr. 
 284; 19 S. 185, 188. 
 On partnership property, 1 H. 67 ; 3 0. 211 ; 3 Wr. 284 ; 
 
 19 S. 185. 
 On power of partners, 17 S. & R. 126 ; 3 W. & S. 454 ; 4 
 W. & S. 141 ; 4 Barr 242; 2 H. 474, 476; 8 C. 412 ; 
 10 C. 344 ; 10 Wr. 504 ; 2 S. 893. 
 On policy of insurance, 6 C. 311. 
 
 11. Right of liquidating partners. 
 
 To compensation for settling up business, 5 Wr. 129. 
 
 12. Power of liquidating partners, 5 Wh. 580, 634 ; 2 W. 
 
 & S. 172 ; 3 W. & S. 345, 417, 444, 544 ; 1 Barr 247 ; 
 4 Barr 242 ; 2 H. 409 ; 2 C. 108 ; 12 C. 498. 
 
 13. Power of remaining partner, 2 B. 108. 
 
 14. Liability of estate of deceased partner, 1 B. 28 ; 13 
 
 S. & R. 411 ; 1 R. 212 ; 8 C. 115 ; 10 C. 411 ; 12 Wr. 
 
PAKTNERSHIP PROPERTY. 607 
 
 PARTNERSHIP, DISSOLUTION OY— continued. 
 
 275; 3 Gr. 320; 6 S. 252. See Partnership Cred- 
 itors 5. 
 
 15. as to unfinished contracts at time of, 1 r. 212 ; 12 
 
 Wr. 275. 
 
 16. Duty of partners on, 4 Y. 170; 12 S. & R. 78; 2 C. 
 
 49, 108 ; 18 S. 415. 
 
 PARTNERSHIP FUNDS. 
 
 Deposit of by one partner, 5 Wr. 505. 
 
 PARTNERSHIP PROPERTY. 
 
 1. Real, 7 S. & R. 438, 443; 13 S. & R. 330; 2 R. 188; 
 
 2 W. 143, 145, 153; 7 Barr 165; 1 H. 471, 544; 3 H. 
 177; 9 H. 170, 172, 257; 1 C. 268; 3 0. 84; 1 Wr. 
 360; 3Wr. 535; 5Wr. 306; 7 Wr. 37 ; 9Wr. 181; 10 
 Wr. 380; 12 Wr. 286; 14 Wr. 234; 7 S. 54; 8 S. 168; 
 9 S. 227 ; 16 S. 117; 19 S. 122; 20 S. 79. 
 
 2. Acquisition of from one of the firm, 2 W. 143; 1 H. 
 
 554; 3H. 177; 7 S. 54. 
 
 3. Liability of. 
 
 Eor firm debts, 1 P. & W. 198; 1 H. 471; 3 H. 177; 
 4H. 59; 10.430; 7Wr. 456; 9S. 227; 19 S. 122. 
 
 For firm debt in name of partner, 5 Wr. 306 ; 9 Wr. 181, 
 185; 7 S. 9. 
 
 For debts of partner, 2 D. 74, 277, 279; 2 Y. 190; 4 
 Y. 477; 12 S. & R. 456; 17 S. & R. 456; 1 P. & 
 W. 198, 205; 5 W. 196; 10 W. 251; 5 Wh. 125; 
 2 W. & S. 152; 1 Barr 417; 6 Barr 492; 8 H. 
 228; 9 H. 76, 82; 2 C. 262; 4 G. 279; 5 C. 9; 8 
 0. 446; 9 0. 414; 11 0. 432; 3 Wr. 397 ; 5 Wr. 
 297; 7 Wr. 457; 7 S. 9; 17 S. 330. See Fieri 
 Facias 7 ; Foreign Attachment 21 ; Partner- 
 ship Creditors 2. 
 
 4. Rights of purchaser of, 8 H. 228 ; 9 H. 76. 
 
 5. Rights of purchaser of partner's interest in, 4 Y. 
 
 447 ; 17 S. & R. 456 ; 8 W. & S. 63 ; 3 0. 211 ; 11 C. 
 432; 5 S. 252. 
 
 6. Rights of creditors on sale of, 1 D. 250 ; 5 W. 393 ; 
 
 5 Barr 39 ; 9 Barr 124 ; 2 J. 222 ; 1 H. 471 ; 4 H. 59 ; 
 5 H. 274,481; 9 H. 76; 1 0.217; 2 0.262; 5 0.19; 
 8 0. 446 ; 3 Wr. 397 ; 8 Wr. 503 ; 7 S. 12 ; 19 S. 122 ; 
 20 S. 169. 
 
 7. Right of repudiating partner to, 7 Wr. 37. 
 
 8. Sale of partner's interest in by order op Orphans' 
 
 Court, 7 S. 54. 
 
608 PASSENGER RAILEOAD COMPANY. 
 
 PARTNERSHIP TROVBUTY— continued. 
 9. Interest of partner in, confined to surplus after 
 payment of firm debts, 9 h. 76 ; 7 wr. 456 ; 9 s. 227 ; 
 6 S. 256. 
 10. Right of partner to insist on appropriation of to 
 FIRM debts, 9 Wr. 71. See Partners 17. 
 
 PARTNERSHIP RECEIVER. 
 
 1. Appointment of, 1 Wr. 217 ; 7 S. 91 ; 8 S. 168. 
 
 2. Action by, 8 Wr. 294. 
 
 PART PAYMENT. 
 
 Effect of on cash sale, 8 C. 13. 
 
 Rule as to credit for. /S'«e Interest; Limitation. 
 
 PART PERFORMANCE. 
 
 Of contract for sale of land, 3 S. & R. 543; 5 W. 146; 3 
 
 W. & S. 56 ; 7 Barr 157. 
 Action to recover for, 12 H. 37. 
 
 PARTY FENCE. See Fence, 
 
 PARTY WALL. 
 
 History of from A. D. 1666, 11 S. 125-132. 
 
 Right of owner of, 1 D. 345 ; 5 S. & R. 1 ; 9 Barr 501 ; 10 
 
 Barr 145, 155, 219: 6 C. 372, 375; 20 S. 26. 
 Duty of owner, 7 W. 460. 
 Jurisdiction of court over, 20 S. 26. 
 
 Power of municipal corporation over, 11 H. 34; 11 S. 118. 
 Construction of statutes relative to, 8 H. 222 ; 11 H. 34 ; 11 
 
 S. 118. 
 Damages for use of, 10 Barr 145 ; 8 H. 219. 
 Who liable for cost of, 1 D. 345 ; 9 Barr 501 ; 5 H. 363. 
 Appeal from decision of regulators, 1 D. 318. 
 Passes to grantee of property, 2 H. 435 ; 5 H. 363 ; 6 C. 
 
 372, 375. 
 
 PASSAGE MONEY. 
 
 Recovery of on failure of voyage, 1 H. 33. 
 
 PASS BOOKS. 
 Entries in, 4 C. 241. 
 
 PASSENGER RAILROAD COMPANY. 
 
 I. CHARTiSR OF, CONSTRUED, 3 Gr. 403; 1 S. 41; 2 S. 506; 8 
 
 S. 119. 
 
 II. Liability of. 
 
 1. For NOT repairing street under track, 12 Wr. 320 ; 
 1 S. 41. 
 
PASSENGEK RAILROAD CO.— PATENT. 609 
 
 PASSENGER RAILROAD COM^PAl^Y— continued. 
 
 2. For running oars on Sunday, 4 S. 401. 
 
 3. Ordinance as to numbering cars of, sustained, 8 S. 
 
 119. 
 
 4. Liability to city license, 8 S. 119; 10 S. 445. 
 
 5. Liability for taxes, 1 S. 465; 2 S. 177; 10 S. 445. 
 
 III. Rights of, 4 H. 67; 11 Wr. 314; 2 S. 507; 8 S. 119. 
 
 IV. Sale of road, effect of on corporation, 2 S. 506. 
 
 PASSENGERS. 
 
 I. Liability of as to injury by other passenger, 3 S. 512. 
 
 II. Rights of. 
 
 1. To redress for personal injury, 8 Barr 479; 9 H. 
 
 208; 11 H. 147, 526; 6 C. 234, 242; 9 G. 318; 12 
 C. 298; 1 Wr. 420; 7 Wr. 449. 
 
 2. To REDRESS FOR LOSS OF PROPERTY, 2 D. 275; 5 R. 179; 
 
 3 Barr 451; 4 H. 68; 9 Wr. 208. See Baggage. 
 
 3. Gratuitous, who are, 1 S. 315; 7 S. 339; 9 S. 239. 
 
 4. Duty of on railroad, 3 S. 512; 6 S. 294; 9 S. 239. 
 
 PASSPORT OF NEW JERSEY JUSTICE, 1 D. 42. 
 
 PAST TENSE. 
 
 Use of in statutes,' 3 Y. 82. 
 
 PASTURE. 
 
 1. On unenclosed woodland, 6 Barr 472. 
 
 2. When common appurtenant, 1 C. 161. 
 
 3. In Alleghany, 7 W. 394; 2 C. 355. 
 
 PATENT. 
 I. For land. 
 
 1. On INDIAN land. See Indian Land. 
 
 2. On donation land. See Donation Land. 
 
 3. Prerequisites for, 2 Y. 129; 2 P. & W. 171; 9 W. 
 
 116. 
 
 4. From executive council, 4 Y. 272, 379. 
 
 5. When conclusive evidence of title, 2 B. 12 ; 4 B. 
 
 214; 2 S. & R. 245; 5 W. & S. 150; 4 Barr 28; 5 
 Barr 328 ; 15 S. 442. 
 
 6. Form of, 2 S. & R. 456. 
 
 7. In whose name, 1 Barr 177. 
 
 8. Caveat against, 5 W. & S. 60, 150 ; 5 Barr 327 ; 7 H. 
 
 38 ; 6 S. 154. 
 
 39 
 
610 PATENT. 
 
 VATE^T— continued. 
 
 9. What included in, 10 C. 462. 
 
 10. Irregularities cured by, 5 W. & S. 150. 
 
 11. Necessary to perfect title, 4 B. 145; 11 S. 444. 
 
 12. Alteration of, 6 H. 101. 
 
 13. When only prima facie evidence op title, 2 B. 12 ; 
 
 4 B. 214 ; 4 Barr 28; 7 H. 38 ; 7 C. 410. 
 
 14. Recital' in. See Recital. 
 
 15. Explanation of by parol, 4 Y. 262. 
 
 16. Security for purchase money due the Common- 
 
 wealth, 2 B. 445 ; 5 B. 121 ; 1 S. & R. 208 ; 7 Barr 
 86 ; 11 S. 444. 
 
 17. Holder of, a trustee for true owner, 1 S. & R. 
 203 ; 11 S. 444. 
 
 18. Enures to person who pays for title, 5 W. & S. 60 ; 
 7 C. 410; 10 Wr. 83; 11 S. 444. 
 
 19. When notice to-subsequent claimants, 4 B. 140; 6 
 S. & R. Ill ; 5 W. & S. 60 ; 7 Barr 117. 
 
 20. Right of holder against trespasser, 8 H. 398. 
 
 21. Who may object to, 5 W. & S. 150 ; 5 Barr 327 ; 7 
 H. 38 ; 6 S. 154. 
 
 22. Effect op issuing, 2 Y. 148 ; 2 B. 12 ; 4 B. 140, 213 ; 
 2 S. & R. 455; 6 S. & R. 118; 5 W. & S. 60, 150; 1 
 Barr 458 ; 7 0. 349 ; 11 Wr. 393. 
 
 23. Effect of acceptance op, 4 Wr. 260. 
 
 24. Admissibility of in evidence, 2 Y. 133 ; 4 B. 213 ; 4 
 Barr 28 ; 10 Wr. 385. 
 
 25. Conclusive against intruder, 6 S. 155. 
 
 26. Correction op lines on ground, 2 Y. 211 ; 2 B. 109. 
 
 27. How effected by subsequent survey and settle- 
 ment, 2 Y. 129 ; 3 Y. 387; 7 Barr 117. 
 
 .28. When void, 4 B. 213; 6 S. & R. 137 ; 5 W. & S. 60 ; 
 11 Wr. 393. 
 
 29. Subject to law op descent, devise and conveyance, 
 5 B. 144. 
 
 30. Taxation of land held by, 6 Barr 80. 
 
 31. Fraudulent, 4 B. 213; 6 S. & R. 137; 5 W. & S. 60. 
 
 32. Action of covenant, for not procuring, 1 S. & R. 
 160. 
 
 II. For valuable invention. 
 
 1. Object of issuing patent, 8 S. 155. 
 
PATENT— PAUPEES. 611 
 
 PATENT— coriCmwec?. 
 
 2. For combination of machines, 6 H. 465. 
 
 3. Effect of defective description, 6 H. 465. 
 
 4. For improvement on machine, 4 H. 347. 
 
 5. When void, 4 H. 347 ; 6 H. 465. 
 
 6. Rights of inventor, 8 W. & S. 266; 1 Barr 112 ; 8 S. 
 
 155. 
 
 7. Abandonment of, 6 Barr 147 ; 8 S. 155. 
 
 8. Effect of public use of invention, 6 Barr 147. 
 
 9. Effect of use by special permission, 6 Barr 147 ; 8 
 
 S. 155, 156. 
 
 10. Sale of, 5 S. & R. 427; 4 Wh. 311. 
 
 11. Notes or bonds given for, 3 W. & S. 266 ; 10 Barr 
 
 115. 
 
 12. Action for deceit in sale of, 1 J. 278. 
 
 13. Jurisdiction of courts in case of, 8 S. 155. 
 
 PATENTEE. 
 
 When a trustee for equitable owner, 1 S. & R. 203 ; 11 S. 444. 
 
 PATERSON, WILLIAM. 
 Appointed judge, 2 D. 480. 
 
 PAUPERS. 
 
 I. Jurisdiction of Quarter Sessions over controversies 
 relative to, 10 W. 360; 2 Barr 128; 6 H. 17; 12 H. 
 182 ; 8 Wr. 481 ; 12 Wr. 402; 14 Wr. 308 ; 14 S. 144, 
 149; 16 S. IS, 63; 18 S. 386. 
 
 IL Settlement of, 2 Y. 51; 3 B. 22; 5 B. 81; 3 S. & 
 R. 117; 5 S. &R. 417; 6 S. &R. 103; 10 S. & R. 179 
 2 R. 26; 2 W. 43, 342; 7 W. 171; 8 W. 431; 2 Wh 
 405; 3 Wh. 71; 5 Wh. 430; 2 W. & S. 65; 3 W. & S 
 548; 5 Barr 283; 6 Barr 262; 8 Barr 177; 1 J. 254 
 2 J. 92; 2 H. 138; 3 H. 145, 182; 5 H. 38; 6 H. 17 
 8 Wr. 60, 481; 12 Wr. 402; 14 Wr. 308; 12 S. 472; 
 14 S. 167, 168. 
 
 III. Jurisdiction of Common Pleas in case of, 3 S. & R. 
 117; 2 J. 92; 8 Wr.484; 12 Wr- 402. 
 
 IV. Support of by guardians of poor. 
 
 1. Without previous order. >S'ee Guardians of Poor, IV. 
 
 2. As to out-door relief of, 14 S. 144. 
 
 3. When pauper has no settlement, 10 W. 360 ; 2 P. 
 
 & W. 435 ; 5 W. & S. 535 ; 9 Barr 46. 
 
612 PAUPERS. 
 
 TAVVEHS— continued. 
 
 4. Action vs. district for money expended for, 12 S. 
 
 & R. 292; 2 P. & W. 432; 6 C. 522; 8 C. 178 ; 2 
 Wr. 160; 8 Wr. 484; 14 Wr. 308. 
 
 5. On removal of pauper, 1 S. & R. 38T; 2 P. & W. 
 
 432. 
 
 6. When insane, 11 Wr. 509 ; 16 S. 18; 18 S. 312. 
 
 7. On division of township, 2 S. & R. 108, 422 ; 3 S. & 
 
 R. 117; 2 J. 92. 
 
 8. Who personally liable for, 6 S. & R. 104; 9 Barr 
 
 217; 16 S. 18. 
 
 9. Security for, 1 S. & R. 387. 
 
 10. In case of desertion, 1 S. & R. 239 ; 2 S. & R. 363 ; 
 
 4 S. & R. 506; 5 S. & R. 387; 2 Barr 138; 2 Gr. 
 162. 
 
 11. Order, proof op liability of district, 1 C. 463; 
 
 8 Wr. 481. 
 
 12. Appeal from order of, 2 Y. 164; 2 W. 43; .3 C. 275; 
 
 10 C. 231; 12 S. 479. 
 
 18. As TO FUNERAL EXPENSES OF, 7 W. 627; 8 W. & S. 94. 
 V. Removal of. 
 
 1. Form of order, 1 D. 28; 1 Y. 366; 5 B. 81; 1 S. & 
 
 R. 387. 
 
 2. When to be made, 5 W. & S. 536; 14 Wr. 308. 
 
 3. By whom made, 2 D. 213; 1 Y. 250; 1 S. & R. 387; 
 
 3 W. & S. 548; 5 W. & S. 434; 6 W. & S. 522; 
 3 C. 275. 
 
 4. Amendment of, 1 H. 389; 1 C. 463. 
 
 5. Conclusiveness of, 8 Barr 177; 1 J. 95; 3 C. 275; 
 
 10 C. 281; 8 Wr. 481, 484; 7 S. 495. 
 
 6. Relief of after order, 8 Wr. 481. 
 
 7. When and how removed, 6 S. & R. 562; 2 Wh. 405; 
 
 9 Barr 47. 
 
 8. Evidence in contest between two districts rela- 
 
 tive to, 12 S. & R. 110, 292 ; 7 W. 171. 
 
 9. Appeal from Quarter Sessions, 2 D. 213 ; 5 B. 81 
 
 1 S. & R. 387; 2 W. 43; 7 W. 121, 527; 6 W. 
 & S. 522 ; 8 Barr 177 ; IJ. 97 ; 1 H. 399 ; 5 H. 38 
 9 H. 46; 1 C. 463; 8 Wr. 60; 7 S. 495; 18 S. 386 
 
 10. Confirmation of order, 1 S. & R. 387 ; 8 Barr 177 
 
 IJ. 95 ; 8 Wr. 60. 
 
 11. Quashing order, 1 S. & R. 887 ; 8 Barr 177 ; 1 J. 
 
 95; 1 C. 463; 8 S. 209. 
 
PAUPERS— PAYMENT. 613 
 
 'PAVP'ERS—contmued. ■ 
 
 12. Costs on, 1 S. & R. 387; 6 W. & S. 522. 
 
 13. What heard in error, on decision of Quarter Ses- 
 
 sions RELATIVE TO REMOVAL OF, 7 W. 527, 529 ; 1 H. 
 390; 5H. 38; 14 S. 167. 
 
 PAVEMENT. 
 
 1. Ordinance relative to width of, construed, 5 Wr. 63. 
 
 2. Liability of property owner and occupier for condi- 
 
 tion OF, 3 C. 183. 
 
 3. At inner angle of public square, 1 J. 181. 
 
 4. Duty of person excavating for vault under, 16 S. 
 
 464. 
 
 5. Obstruction of, indictable, 1 J. 197. 
 
 PAVING AND CURBING. See Municipal Liens ; M uni- 
 ciPAL Corporation. 
 
 PAVIORS. 
 
 Action of, 1 Barr 392. 
 
 PAWN. 
 
 1. Redemption of goods in, 1 P. & W. 216. 
 
 2. Levy on goods in, 3 W. 258. See Pledge. 
 
 PAWNBROKERS. 
 
 Who are, 11 C. 277. 
 
 PAWNEE OF GOODS. 
 
 Right of, 3 W. 258 ; 4 W. 414. 
 
 PAYEE OF NOTE. 
 
 Competency as witness. *S«e Bills and Notes. 
 
 PAY MASTER. 
 
 Duty of, on receipt of money, 2 P. & W. 540. 
 
 PAYMENT. 
 
 I. Op money. 
 
 1. Presumption as to, 1 D. 85; 1 Y. 344, 346, 564, 584, 
 586; 2 Y. 268, 271, 273; 6 B. 416; 7 S. & R. 410; 9 
 S. & R. 379, 384; 10 S. & R. 307; 12 S. & R. 42; 
 13 S. & R. 124; 14 S. & R. 15, 364; 5 R. 166; 1 P. 
 & W. 419; 2 P. & W. 97, 262; 1 W. 507; 2 W. 209, 
 218; 6 W. 112; 7 W. 71; 8 W. 286; 9 W. 441, 442; 
 1 Wh. 228; 2 Wh. 149, 503; 4 Wh. 226, 321; 4 W. 
 & S. 102; 7 W. & S. 70; 8 W. & S. 15, 138, 391; 1 
 Barr 272; 4 Barr 309; 5 Barr 435; 2 J. 312; 2 H. 
 
614 PAYMENT. 
 
 PAYMENT— contimied. 
 
 206, 534; 6 H. 190; 8 H. 323; 9 H. 29; 11 H. 421; 
 
 7 C. 143; 9 C. 435; 8 Wr. 361; 4 Wr. 248; 7 Wr. 
 120; 10 Wr. 83, 239; 2 Gr. 77, 402; 3 S. 289; 4 S. 
 240, 465; 12 S. 153; 19 S. 156. 
 
 2. When presumption begikts, 7 Barr 154 ; 5 H. 370. 
 
 3. Rebuttal of, 7 S. & R. 7; 10 S. & R. 55; 17 S. & R. 
 
 51; 6 W. 209, 246; 9 W. 442; 5 H. 370; 6 H. 190, 
 193; 8 H. 321, 503; 2 Barr 225, 481; 3.Barr 235; 5 
 Barr 435 ; 8 Barr 508, 520 ; 4 S. 240 ; 12 S. 153. 
 
 4. Ratification of, 1 Barr 156 ; 11 H. 24. 
 
 5. Definition of under usury law, 12 Wr. 130. 
 
 6. When due, where no time is fixed, 2 Gr. 248. 
 
 7. Proof of, 4 B. 150, 234; 6 B. 16; 3 S. & R. 278, 355; 
 
 4 S. & R. 551; 7 S. & R. 116; 9 S. & R. 385; 11 S. 
 & R. 325 ; 12 S. & R. 42, 131 ; 13 S. & R. 98, 392 ; 
 14 S. & R. 196; 15 S. & R. 77; 16 S. & R. 115; 1 
 R. 349; 3 R. 472; 3 P. & W. 243, 293; 4 W. 46, 
 359; 8 W. 39; 2 Wh. 340; 5 Barr 145; 7 Barr 154; 
 9 Barr 375 ; 6 H. 190 ; 8 C. 423, 486 ; 7 Wr. 260 ; 12 
 Wr. 180; 19 S. 156. See Receipt; Release. 
 
 8. Demand when necessary, 2 W. & S. 458; 2 0. 257; 
 
 11 Wr. 76; 4 S. 94, 127. 
 
 9. By check, 4 D. 234; 1 B. 26 ; 2 Barr 376; 10 Wr. 
 
 410. 
 
 10. By draft, 7 W. & S. 89. 
 
 11. In bank notes, 4 D. 234, 326; 1 B. 26; 7 S. & R. 116 ; 
 
 1 W. & S. 92; 8 W. & S. 811; 2 Barr 376; 5 C. 448 ; 
 
 8 C. 474. 
 
 12. In gold or its equivalent, 9 S. 313, 382. 
 
 13. By bill of bxchanse, 2 D. 101, 151, 155; 2 Y. 370, 
 
 373; 14 S. & R. 484; 15 S. & R. 114; 1 P. & W. 
 381; 2 W. 121; 3 Wh. 46; 5 Wh. 486; 4 Wr. 186. 
 
 14. By bond, 1 D. 83, 423; 10 S. & R. 807. 
 
 15. By transfer of goods, 1 S. & R. 296; 5 R. 170. 
 
 16. In counterfeit money, 3 Barr 380; 14 Wr. 212. 
 
 17. By forged draft, 4 D. 234. 
 
 18. In continental money, 2 Y. 291. 
 
 19. In valueless paper, 6 Wh. 47 ; 2 Gr. 248. 
 
 20. In stock, 7 S. 321. 
 
 21. By agent, 3 D. 87; 5 S. & R. 27 ; 17 S. 136. 
 
 22. By attorney, 3 Y. 47. 
 
PAYMENT. 615 
 
 PAYMENT— cowimwecZ. 
 
 23. By auctionebk, 4 Y. 207. 
 
 24. By kevbnue officers, 6 B. 266. 
 
 25. Transmitted by mail, 19 S. 156. 
 
 26. Into court, 1 D. 254; 2 S. & R. 375; 8 W. & S. 311; 
 
 11 H. 491; 4 Wr. 231; 16 S. 22. 
 
 27. Distribution bF fund in court is not, 3 "W. & S. 248. 
 
 28. To prothonotary on judgment, 1 D. 254 ; 4 R. 364 ; 
 
 IBarr 156; 3 Barr 352. 
 
 29. To improper public officer, 4 Y. 209. 
 30.. Under decree of court, 5 W. 176. 
 
 31. To building association, 3 Wr. 148 ; 10 "Wr. 493 ; 11 
 
 Wr. 233; 13 Wr. 147. 
 
 32. To sheriff after return op writ, 7 W. 183 ; 3 C. 
 
 205. 
 
 33. To SHERIFF BEFORE RETURN OF WRIT, 3 C. 205. 
 
 34. When debt not extinguished by, 2 R. 128 ; 1 P. & 
 
 W. 395; 1 W. & S. 155; 11 C. 111. 
 _, 35. When mortgage is not extinguished by, 11 Wr. 352. 
 See Mortgage. 
 
 36. When judgment not satisfied by, 5 C. 401 ; 12 Wr. 
 
 223. 
 
 37. Of bond after transfer, 4 S. & R. 175; 1 H. 622; 
 
 1 G. 80. 
 
 38. Of purchase-money for land, 5 Wr. 364; 7 Wr. 260. 
 
 See Purchase-money. 
 
 39. Of mortgage, 12 Wr. 130. See Mortgage. 
 
 40. By tenant in common, 6 C. 378. 
 
 41. Of recognisance in Orphans' Court, 6 H. 190. See 
 
 Recognisance. 
 
 42. Priority of, in Orphans' Court sale, 5 S. & R. 128. 
 
 43. Of taxes, 1 S. 31. See Taxes ; Unseated Land. 
 
 44. Priority of on official bond, 1 B. 370. 
 
 45. Effect of direction for, in will, 1 B. 209; 4 H. 
 
 436. 
 
 46. In violation of usury laws, 12 H. 215. 
 
 47. Voluntary, 1 S. & R. 42 ; 3 S. & R. 423 ; 16 S. & R. 
 
 98; 2R. 118, 132; 5 R. 91 ; 3 P. & W. 447; 6 W. 
 95; 2 Wh. 344; 3 Wh. 415; 2 Barr 483; 7 Barr 
 486; 3 Barr 109; 7 H. 181; 8 Wr. 9; 11 Wr. 496; 
 1 Gr. 361; 11 S. 427; 19 S. 369. 
 
616 PAYMENT. 
 
 VAYME'NT— continued. 
 
 48. Involuntary, 2 R. 132. 
 
 49. When irrevocable, 1 D. 149; 7 S. & R. 116; 10 S. 
 
 & R. 219; 9 W. 462; 5 Barr 516; 1 H. 226; 5 C. 
 448; 11 Wr. 496; 1 Gr. 361. See ante, 47. 
 
 50. After tender, 6 W. 264; 8 W. & S. 311. 
 
 51. When proof of transfer of personal property, 1 
 
 Wr. 187. 
 
 52. Appropriation of. See Appropriation. 
 
 53. On account. 
 
 Generally, 1 Wr. 268 ; 3 Wr. 148, 361. 
 Effect of endorsement of on note, 1 W. & S. 243 ; 5 W. & S. 
 331; 9 Barr 355; 5 Wr. 51. See Limitation, IV. 8. 
 
 54. Appointment of, 1 Wr. 268 ; 3 Wr. 148, 361 ; 10 Wr. 
 
 493. 
 
 55. Under Mechanics' Lien Law, 12 Wr. 195. 
 II. Plea op. 
 
 1. Nature of plea, discussed, 11 S. & R. 230; 13 S. & 
 
 R. 105 ; 1 R. 304 ; 4 W. & S. 570 ; 1 J. 174. 
 
 2. Effect of, with and without notice, 13 S. & R. 105 ; 
 
 1 R. 304. 
 
 3. What admitted by, 11 S. & R. 234 ; 15 S. & R. 100 ; 
 
 1 R. 304 ; 4 W. & S. 39, 570 ; 5 W. & S. 264 ; 8 C. 
 78; 12 C. 538. 
 
 4. In assumpsit, 4 W. & S. 570. 
 
 5. In debt on bond, 17 S. & R. 287. 
 
 6. In action to enforce sentence in fornication and 
 
 bastardy, 1 Wh. 62. 
 
 7. To scire facias on mortgage, 10 S. & R. 140 ; 11 S. 
 
 & R.108. 
 
 8. In foreign attachment v. garnishee, 11 S. & R. 188. 
 
 9. Issue formed by, 9 Barr 123. 
 
 10. Set off not implied in, 11 H. 184 ; 3 S. 93. 
 
 11. When notice of special matter is not given, 14 S. 
 
 &R. 176; IJ. 171. 
 
 12. Evidence under. 
 Generally, 1 J. 174; 2 Wr. 128. 
 
 As to consideration, 1 D. 17, 117, 258 ; 9 S. & R. 193 ; 
 
 10 S. & R. 290 ; 14 S. & R. 41; 9 Barr 363. 
 Illegality of condition in bond, 10 W. 265. 
 Fraud, 1 B. 73; 2 B. 154; 10 S. & R. 296. 
 Actual payment, 4 S. & R. 308; 11 S. & R. 280; 4 W. 
 
 & S. 570 ; 6 Barr 291 ; 7 Barr 394 ; 10 Barr 56. 
 
PAYMENT— PEACE. 617 
 
 VAYME^T—eontinued. 
 
 Equitable defence, 2 D. 238, 573; 1 Y. 571; 1 B. 152; 
 
 3 B. 135; 4 S. & R. 305; 7 S. & R. 9; 8 S. & R. 
 
 187; 9 S. & R. 63; 12 S. & R. 431 ; 1 W. 62; 2 
 
 W. 70; 7 Barr 394; 11 Wr. 51. 
 Equitable set off, 3 Y. 9 ; 4 S. & R. 305; 11 S. & R. 
 
 280 ; 7 Barr 394. ' 
 Release, 16 S. & R. 120. 
 Promise to cancel claim, 1 B. 289. 
 Unliquidated damages, 2 D. 238, 573; 1 Y. 571. 
 Admissioa and declaration of holder of claim, 14 S. & R. 
 
 127. 
 As to irregularity of award in same case, 2 Y. 40. 
 III. Payment with leave, &c. 
 
 1. Nature of plea, discussed, 1 J. 171. 
 
 2. Notice of special matter on, 3 S. & R. 120; 4 S. & R. 
 
 50; 4 R. 26 ; 3 W. 271 ; 3 W. & S. 361 ; 5 W. & S. 
 103; 3 Barr 289; 1 J. 268, 383; 9 H. 466; 4 0. 
 231, 520. 
 
 3. Notice of set off, 9 S. & R. 379 ; 2 Wh. 95. 
 
 4. Service of notice, 5 W. & S. 103. 
 
 5. When sufficient, 4 Wh. 311 ; 3 W. & S. 361 ; 1 J. 171. 
 
 6. When necessary, 1 W. 314 ; 5 W. 272 ; 8 W. 367 ; 
 
 5 Wh. 366; 3 W. & S. 361; 5 W. & S. 163; 9 Barr 
 363; IJ. 171. 
 
 7. What waived by, 4 C. 186. 
 
 8. When unnecessary, 12 H. 513. 
 
 9. Effect op omission to give notice, 12 H. 513. 
 
 10. Set off implied in plea of, 3 S. 93. 
 
 11. Defective notice not supplied by special plea, 13 
 
 S. & R. 444; 14 S. & R. 176 ; 6 Barr 147. 
 
 12. Evidence under, 1 D. 258 ; 3 Y. 6 ; 4 Y. 561 ; IS. 
 
 6 R. 477 ; 4 S. & R. 249 ; 5 S. & R. 162 ; 9 S. & R. 
 409; 10 S. & R. 344 ; 11 S. & R. 188 ; 13 S. & R. 
 86, 218, 444 ; 14 S. & R. 176, 195, 196, 206, 283 ; 
 16 S. & R. 23, 258, 261, 327, 371; 1 R. 304; 2 R. 
 Ill ; 4 R. 26; 5 W. 95, 275 ; 4 Wh. 311 ; 5 W. & S. 
 264 ; 1 Barr 68 ; 11 Wr. 51. 
 
 13. Trial without replication to, 3 H. 208. 
 
 14. Verdict under, 10 S. & R. 55. 
 
 PEACE. 
 
 Effect of treaty of, 3 D. 230. 
 
 Effect of treaty of on claim of alien enemy, 3 D. 5. 
 
618 PEDDLERS— PENN FAMILY. 
 
 PEDDLERS. 
 
 Transfer of license of, 13 S. 169. 
 Of tinware and clocks, 2 W. 298. 
 
 PEDIGREE. 
 
 1. Rules of evidence kelativb to, 1 D. 14, 19, 67 ; 2D. 
 
 116; 1 Y. 15, 152; 10 S. & R. 383; 1 W. 149; 3 Wh. 
 637; 13 S. 36. 
 
 2. Pkoof of. 
 
 By recital of in deed, 1 D. 67; 1 Y. 300; 3 Wh. 538; 6 
 
 S. 132; 14 S. 376. 
 By family records, 1 D. 166; 2 D. 116; 1 Y. 16. 
 
 PENAL ORDINANCE. 
 Construction of, 10 W. 309. 
 
 PENAL STATUTES. 
 
 Construction of, 6 W. & S. 269; 1 Barr 154; 2 Wr. 273. 
 Indictment under, 2 D. 90. 
 
 PENALTY. 
 
 1. For refusing writ of habeas corpus, 3 Wr. 9. 
 
 2. In bond. 
 
 When liquidated damages, 4 D. 149; 11 S. & R. 338 
 16 S. & R. 320 ; 4 Barr 161 ; 7 Barr 470 ; 2 J. 97 
 5 Wr. 206; 12 Wr. 450; 1 S. 175, 185; 4 S. 329 
 
 Interest beyond penalty recovered in, 4 D. 149; 2 Y. 32 
 16 S. & R. 320; 1 W. 365; 2 Wh. 183; 5 Wr. 206 
 
 5 S. 238. 
 
 3. In statute. 
 
 Prohibition implied by, 1 B. 110. 
 
 When right to, accrues, 1 Y. 408 ; 2 R. 197. 
 
 Action for, 2 Y. 323. 
 
 Not within defalcation acts, 2 Gr. 384. 
 
 4. In contract. 
 
 Waiver of, 1 B. 70 
 
 When as security, 4 D. 149. 
 
 Distinguished from stipulated damages, 4 D. 149 ; 11 S. 
 
 6 R. 238 ; 16 S. & R. 320 ; 4 Barr 161 ; 7 Barr 
 470; 2 J. 97; 6 Wr. 206; 12 Wr. 250; 1 S. 175, 
 185; 4 S. 329. See Damages. 
 
 PENITENTIARY. 
 
 Committal to prison under Act of 1807, 3 B. 1. 
 
 PENN FAMILY. 
 
 Agreements and wills of, construed, 2 Y. 550. 
 
PENN, WILLIAM. 619 
 
 PENN MANOR MEADOW COMPANY. 
 Charter of, construed, 4 Wh. 12. 
 
 PENN SQUARE IN PHILADELPHIA. 
 
 Act authorizing public buildings on, discussed, 13 S. 489. 
 
 PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 1. When organized as a government, 1 D. 55. 
 
 2. Inhabitant op defined, 1 D. 55. 
 
 3. Boundary line with Maryland, 13 B. 399 ; 5 H. 480 ; 
 
 11 H. 363; 3 Wr. 487. 
 
 PENNSYLVANIA CANAL COMPANY. 
 
 Rights and liabilities as to Susquehanna river, 16 S. 41, 42, 
 9L 
 
 PENNSYLVANIA COAL COMPANY. 
 
 Contract of with Delaware and Hudson Canal Company, 
 CONSTRUED, 7 Wr. 295. 
 
 PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD COMPANY. 
 
 I. Charter of. 
 
 Relative to land damages, 8 Barr 445 ; 10 H. 356, 394 ; 
 1 C. 445. 
 
 II. Right of. 
 
 1. To USE STATE PUBLIC WORKS, 9 H. 9, 23. 
 
 2. To FIXTURES AT PaRKESBURG STATION, 6 Wr. 31. 
 
 3. To CONSTRUCT BRANCH ROAD THROUGH PITTSBURGH,' 12 
 
 Wr. 355. 
 
 4. To USE STREETS FOR TRACK, 12 Wr. 355; 5 S. 340. 
 
 III. Liability of. 
 
 1. To taxation, 6 C. 9. 
 
 2. To assessment of land damages, 3 S. 445; 5 S. 340, 
 
 341; 12 S. 68. 
 
 3. Judgment of Common Pleas on, conclusive, 3 S. 
 
 445 ; 12 S. 67. 
 
 4. To TAX ON tonnage, 3 Gr. 128. See Tonnage Tax. 
 
 PENN TOWNSHIP. 
 
 1. Support of poor in, 2 S. & R. 108. 
 
 2. Power of school directors in, 8 W. & S. 267. 
 
 PENN, WILLIAM. 
 
 Grant by, for public squares in Philadelphia, discussed, 1 Wh. 
 472, 489. 
 
620 PENSION— PERSONAL ACTIONS. 
 
 PENSION. 
 
 1. Not assets in hands op administeators, 6 Barr 505. 
 
 2. Contract to procure when valid, 4 Wr. 467. 
 
 3. Duty oe commissioner op, 2 Gr. 17. 
 
 4. Epfect op decree op commissioner, 2 Gr. 17. 
 
 PER CAPITA AND PER STIRPES. See Descent ; De- 
 cedent's Estates. 
 
 PEREMPTORY CHALLENGE. See Challenge. 
 
 PERFORMANCE. See Assumpsit, II. 6, 7. 
 
 1. Of contract. 
 
 "Readiness" distinguished from " willingness," 12 Wr. 
 291. See Contract. 
 
 2. Plea of. 
 
 History of, 4 D. 439. 
 
 Averment of in plea, 6 B. 24, 159; 5 S. & R. 358. 
 
 PERILS OF THE SEA. 
 
 Meaning of in insurance policy, 3 W. & S. 144. 
 
 PERISHABLE GOODS. 
 
 Sale of. See Attachment, Domestic and Foreign. 
 
 PERJURY. 
 
 1. Definition of, 6 B. 249. 
 
 2. At common law, 3 Y. 414. 
 
 3. Under statute, 3 Y. 412. 
 
 4. Indictment for. 
 
 As to number of defendants, 2 Y. 479. 
 As to manner of charging offence, 3 Y. 407. 
 Evidence on trial of, 2 Y. 479. 
 Punishment for, 3 B. 577. 
 
 PERMISSIVE TRESPASS. 
 
 Effect of on title, 10 H. 381; 9 0. 131; 5 Wr. 269. See 
 Possession. 
 
 PERPETUITY. 
 
 1. Definition of, 9 Wr. 9; 14 S. 95. 
 
 2. Trust void for, 10 Barr 326 ; 9 Wr. 9 ; 14 S. 95. 
 
 3. Devise void foe, 2 Gr. 208; 11 S. 73; 14 S. 95. 
 
 PER QUOD SERVITIUM AMISIT. See Case; Seduc- 
 tion. 
 
 PERSONAL ACTIONS. 
 
 Inquiry into title on, 3 S. & R. 509, 516. See Assumpsit; 
 Justice op the Peace. 
 
PERSONAL INJURY— PEW HOLDERS. 621 
 
 PERSONAL INJURY. 
 
 Measure.of damages for, 8 W. 227; 8 Barr 255 ; T C. 379 ; 6 
 Wr. 493; 12 Wr. 320; 3 S. 276 ; 16 S. 363, 464. 
 
 Who liable for where workmen are employed, 16 S. 464. 
 8ee Employer. 
 
 Damages for, 8 W. 227 ; 8 Barr 55; 6 Wr. 493; 12 Wr. 320. 
 See Damages. 
 
 PERSONAL PROPERTY. 
 
 1. What is. 
 
 Bond for heirs in partition, 1 B. 358 ; 14 Wr. 101. 
 
 Debt secured by mortgage, 5 W. 55. 
 
 Improvement right, 1 Y. 213; 4 Y. 300. 
 
 Gas pipes and fixtures, 9 C. 622. 
 
 Machinery, 5 Wh. 138; 7 Wr. 308 ; 9 Wr. 42, 455 ; 3 S. 
 
 271. 
 Money charged on land for widow, 14 Wr. 101. 
 Materials of building blown down by tempest, 6 C. 185 ; 
 
 9 Wr. 121. 
 What fixtures are. 
 
 Generally, 2 W. & S. 116 ; 8 Barr 211 ; 10 Barr 198, 254. 
 As between debtor and judgment creditor, 17 S. & R. 
 
 413; 8 Barr 207; 3 H. 307; 6 C. 185. 
 As between landlord and tenant, 2 W. & S. 116 ; 10 
 Barr 252. See Fixtures. 
 
 2. Liability oe for debts oe decedent and legacies, 2 Y. 
 
 45, 65, 66, 70; 1 S. & R. 450; 13 S. & R. 384; 17 S. 
 k R. 426. 
 
 3. Estates in, 4 Wr. 18; 8 Wr. 279. 
 
 4. Locality of, 9 H. 106. 
 
 5. Succession to governed by law oe domicil, 6 B. 360; 
 
 1 P. & W. 124, 177 ; 2 W. & S. 131 ; 5 H. 9L 
 
 6. Recovery of controlled by lex fori, 5 H. 91. 
 
 7. Conversion of into realty, 2 C. 54 ; 1 Wr. 373. See 
 
 Conversion. 
 
 8. Of mother. 
 
 Distribution of, 3 Y. 203. 
 
 9. Meaning op in will, 12 H. 20 ; 12 Wr. 26. 
 10. Forfeiture of, 5 Wr. 481 ; 6 Wr. 173. 
 
 PERSONS INTERESTED. 
 
 Who are, under Act of 1846 relative to purchase by lien cred- 
 itors, 10 Wr. 407. 
 
 PEW HOLDERS. 
 I. Rights of. 
 
 1. Generally, 11 S. 411, 422. 
 
622 PEW HOLDEKS— PHILADELPHIA CITY. 
 
 PEW ROLD^RS— continued. 
 
 2. To MANDAMUS AGAINST TRUSTEES, 2 B. 360. 
 
 3. To PEWS, 12 H. 249. 
 
 4. Succession of title of, 12 H. 249. 
 
 II. Liability of. 
 
 1. For rent, 12 H. 249. 
 
 III. Covenant for rent passes with pew, 12 H. 249. 
 
 PHILADELPHIA AND COLUMBIA RAILROAD COM- 
 PANY. 
 
 As to buildings on embankment of, 6 H. 334. 
 
 PHILADELPHIA AND ERIE RAILROAD COMPANY. 
 
 1. Lease of to Catawissa Railroad Company, 3 S. 20. 
 
 2. Lease of to Pennsylvania Railroad Company, con- 
 
 strued, 15 S. 205. 
 
 PHILADELPHIA AND GERMANTOWN RAILROAD 
 COMPANY. 
 
 1. Ascertaining land damages under charter, 2 Wh. 
 
 272. 
 
 2. Act relative to, construed, 8 W. & S. 459. 
 
 3. Costs of witnesses in, 2 Wh. 274. 
 
 PHILADELPHIA AND LANCASTER TURNPIKE COM- 
 PANY. 
 
 Liability of, 3 Y. 362. 
 
 PHILADELPHIA AND READING RAILROAD CO. 
 
 Rights of as vendees of Commonwealth, 11 Wr. 325. 
 
 PHILADELPHIA AND WEST CHESTER RAILROAD 
 COMPANY. 
 Charter of, construed, 4 C. 318. 
 
 PHILADELPHIA BANK. 
 
 Law of as to protest of notes and notices, 1 R. 335. 
 
 PHILADELPHIA CITY. 
 
 I. Holmes' map of, validity op, 13 S. 489. 
 
 II. Authority and power of corporation. 
 
 1. As TO introduction op water, 3 Y. 491; 15 S. & R. 
 
 160; 18 S. 106. 
 
 2. To make and enforce ordinances, 2 Y. 493, 501. 
 
 3. As to powers and liabilities op codnty op, 2 S. 451. 
 
 4. As to markets, 6 W. & S. 269; 9 C. 202, 212; 2 Wr. 
 
 203. 
 
PHILADELPHIA CITY. 623 
 
 PHILADELPHIA QV^Y—contmued. 
 
 5. As TO OPENING STREETS, 11 C. 231; 2 Wr. 247; 5 Wr. 
 
 463; 4 S. 353 
 
 6. As TO DAMAGES FOR OPENING, 11 S. 422, 424. 
 
 Interest on, 5 Wr. 463. 
 
 7. As TO ERECTION OF WOODEN BUILDINGS, 2 Y. 493 ; 2 R. 
 
 262. 
 
 8. As TO mayor's salary, 6 S. & R. 322. 
 
 9. As TO RETAILERS OF FOREIGN MERCHANDISE, 8 S. & R. 
 
 135. 
 
 10. To LIEN FOR PAVING, 11 C. 427; 2 Wr. 471. 
 
 11. To LIEN FOR CULVERTS, 2 Wr. 339, 503; 4 Wr. 364; 11 
 
 Wr. 9. 
 
 12. As TO DOCKS, 5 H. 104. See Docks. 
 
 13. As to taxation op marsh lands, 2 Wr. 355. 
 
 14. As to party walls. See Party Walls. 
 
 16. As TO COST OF REMOVING NUISANCES, 2 Wr. 359. 
 
 16. As TO PAVING OF BrOAD STREET, 6 H. 195. 
 
 17. As TO LICENSE OF PASSENGER RAILROAD, 11 Wr. 329., 
 
 18. As AGAINST Philadelphia Gas Works, 7 C. 175. 
 
 19. As to appropriation for advertising, 11 Wr. 21. 
 
 20. To INVEST public money in steamship line, 11 Wr. 
 
 189. 
 
 21. Territorial jurisdiction of, 17 S. & R. 67. 
 
 22. Public squares in, 1 Wh. 468; 13 S. 489. 
 
 23. Custom as to purchase of cotton in, 3 R. 101. 
 
 24. Mayor of. 
 
 Liability of, to mandamus, 13 Wr. 530. 
 Appeal from decision of, 4 B. 424; 5 R. 119. 
 Power of, over contract for coal lands, 13 Wr. 530. 
 
 25. Who liable for county taxes in, 13 S. & R. 422. 
 
 26. Grant of Vine street in, construed, 4 H. 79. 
 
 27. Councils. 
 
 Proper mode of organizing, 8 Wr. 336 ; 11 Wr. 292. 
 
 May not act as surety for treasurer, 20 S. 465. 
 
 Right of courts to trv contested election of, 8 Wr. 332, 
 
 341 ; 20 S. 467^ 
 Right of to invest in steamship lines, 11 Wr. 189. 
 Quo warranto to test right to seat in, 8 Wr. 341 ; 20 S. 467. 
 Mandamus against, 8 Wr. 336. 
 Power as to disbursement of money ,'11 Wr. 21, 382; 10 
 
 S. 464. 
 
624 PHILADELPHIA CITY— PHYSICIAN. 
 
 PHILADELPHIA GITY— continued. 
 
 To fix salaries of officers, 10 S. 464. 
 Liability of officers of. 
 
 On opening new streets, 2 Wr. 247 ; 5 Wr. 463. 
 
 On paving, 2 Wr. 471. 
 
 On repairing drains, 4 Wr. 364. 
 
 28. Elections in. 
 
 Power of court to try, 8 Wr. 332, 341. See Contested 
 Election. 
 
 29. Poet wardens of. 
 
 Power and duties of, 6 Wr. 209. See Port Wardens. 
 
 30. To INTBREBBB WITH NAVIGATION OF SCHUTLKILL, 18 
 
 S. 106. 
 
 31. Controllers of schools in. 
 
 Powers of over salary of teacher, 11 Wr. 382. 
 Liability of to mandamus, 11 Wr. 382. 
 For support given to pauper, 8 Wr. 303. 
 
 32. Act of 1870, relative to public buildings on Penn 
 
 Square, construed, 13 S. 489. 
 
 33. Act of 1864, relative to certain streets in, con- 
 
 strued, 4 S. 353; 20 S. 332. 
 Act of May 3, 1869, relative to setting aside report of 
 road viewers, construed, 17 S. 309. 
 
 34. Use op firearms in since 1760, 11 S. 272. 
 
 PHILADELPHIA SAVING FUND SOCIETY. 
 
 1. Charter of, construed, 14 S. 186. 
 
 2. Liability, to escheat, 14 S. 186. 
 
 3. Not a charitable but a business corporation, 14 S. 186. 
 
 PHILADELPHIA SAVING INSTITUTION. 
 
 1. Nature of, 1 Wh. 461. 
 
 2. Power of directors of, 3 Wh. 228. 
 
 3. Who are members of, 1 Wh. 460. 
 
 PHILADELPHIA TROOP OF LIGHT HORSE. 
 
 Ownership of Washington's letter of discharge to, 18 S. 16. 
 
 PHILADELPHIA, WILMINGTON AND BALTIMORE 
 RAILROAD COMPANY. 
 Charter of, construed, 4 C. 329 ; 4 S. 103. 
 
 PHYSICIAN. 
 I. Rights of. 
 
 1. To action fqr fees, 5 S. & R. 412. 
 
 2. To PAYMENT out OF ESTATE OF DECEDENT, 17 S. & R. 328. 
 
PHYSICIAN— PITTSBUEG-H. 625 
 
 PHYSICIAN— cow^mwec?. 
 
 3. To COMPENSATION FOE POST-MOETEM EXAMINATION, 1] 
 
 H. 141 ; 10 C. 301. 
 
 4. To COMPENSATION FOE SEEVICES FOE PAUPBE, 8 C. 178. 
 
 II. Liability. 
 
 To action for malpractice, 8 W. & S. 376; 10 H. 261. 
 
 PICKPOCKETS. 
 
 Indictment against, 6 S. & R. 398. 
 
 PILLORY. 
 
 Abolished, 8 Barr 229. 
 
 PILOT. 
 
 1. OWNEE OF VESSEL HOW FAE ANSWEEABLE FOE, 4 D. 206. 
 
 2. OwNEE OF TOW BOAT HOW FAE BOUND TO OBEY, 1 S. 135. 
 
 3. Competency of as witness, 2 J. 81. 
 
 PINE CREEK LAND. 
 
 1. Validity of peesumptive waeeant foe, 1 Y. 405. 
 
 2. Evidence in ejectment foe, 1 Y. 824. 
 
 PITTSBURGH. 
 
 1. City bonds of, eights and liability of paeties to, dis- 
 
 cussed, 10 C. 496 ; 7 Wr. 391. 
 
 2. Act eelative to municipal liens in, consteued, 20 S. 
 
 142. 
 
 3. Meaning of "eoad law" in Act of Apeil 8, 1834, 
 
 eelative to, 2 H. 177. 
 
 4. Consolidation of, act eelative to, sustained, 6 S. 359. 
 
 5. JUEISDICTION OF ALDBEMEN IN PAUPEE CASES, 6 W. & S. 
 
 522. 
 
 6. Lien foe cuebing and paving in, 8 Wr. 113 ; 16 S. 449. 
 
 7. Constitutionality of act eelative to Du Quesne eoad, 
 
 1 Barr 309; 4 Barr 69, 317. 
 
 8. Constitutionality of Act eelative to Maeket alley, 
 
 3 W. 292. 
 
 9. Act enlaeging boundaey of, consteued, 8 W. & S. 74. 
 
 10. Powee of councils of as to steeets, 6 H. 187 ; 16 S. 
 
 449, 454 ; 19 S. 365. 
 
 11. Extension of Hancock steeet in, 6 H. 26. 
 
 12. Extent of Watee steeet in, 16 S. & R. 396. 
 
 13. Laying out steeets in, effect of, 2 W. & S. 320; 20 
 
 S. 125. 
 
 40 
 
626 PITTSBURGH— PLANK ROAD CO. 
 
 TITTSBVRGR— continued. 
 
 14. Mayok of. 
 
 .Right to act as alderman of, 3 W. 348. 
 
 15. Appointment of night police for, 2 H. 177. 
 
 16. Acts relative to opening city district in, construed, 
 
 2. W. & S. 320 ; 20 S. 125. 
 
 17. Opening of Washington avenue in, 19 S. 352. 
 
 18. Auctioneer in, extent of bond, 2 W. 297. 
 
 19. Tax laws on trade and commerce in, construed, 16 
 
 S. 446. 
 
 20. Right of alien to vote in, 2 B. 110. 
 
 PITTSBURGH AND CONNELSVILLE RAILROAD. 
 Charter construed, 8 C. 22, 25; 12 C. 77 ; 13 S.127. 
 Bonds of Alleghany County to, discussed, 13 S. 134, 141. 
 Quo warranto against, 8 S. 26. 
 
 PITTSBURGH AND FORT WAYNE RAILROAD COM- 
 PANY. 
 
 -1. Taxation op, discussed, 16 S. 74, 80. 
 
 PITTSBURGH AND NEW ALEXANDRIA TURNPIKE 
 COMPANY. 
 Constitutionality of, 2 W. 433. 
 
 PITTSBURGH AND STEUBENVILLE RAILROAD COM- 
 PANY. 
 
 1. Liability of stock subscription, discussed, 10 C. 359. 
 
 2. Distribution of assets among creditors after sale on 
 
 mortgage, 18 s. 37. 
 
 PLAINTIFF. 
 
 Oath of, when and for what admissible, 1 D. 424 ; 2 D. 78, 
 
 105, 116 ; 2 Y. 449. 
 Legal and eauitable rights and duties of, 4 Wr. 449 ; 7 Wr. 
 
 430 ; 12 Wr. 161. 
 
 PLANING MILL. 
 
 Erection of not restrained by injunction, 7 S. 274. 
 
 PLANK ROAD COMPANY. 
 
 1. Subscription to, 9 C. 156. 
 
 2. When trespassers, 1 C. 229. 
 
 3. Liability of for land damages, 8-H. 94, 95, 97. 
 
PLAN OF TOWN— PLEAS. 627 
 
 PLAN OF TOWN. 
 
 1. When part of deed in which it is referred to, 12 
 
 Wr. 253 ; 14 Wr. 497 ; 6 S. 431 ; 17 S. 9 ; 19 S. 346 ; 
 20 S. 199. 
 
 2. Authenticity op, 10 Barr 93; IJ. 434 ; 4 H. 79 ; 4 Wr. 
 
 506. 
 
 3. Approval of, 10 Barr 93. 
 
 4. When evidence, 10 Barr 93 ; 4 Wr. 506 ; 5 Wr. 63 ; 20 
 
 S. 199. See Town Plot. 
 
 PLASTERERS. 
 
 Custom of, 3 Y. 318. 
 
 PLATFORM OF RAILROAD COMPANY. 
 
 1. Not a public highway, 9 S. 129. 
 
 2. Right of company over, 9 S. 129. 
 
 PLEADINGS. 
 
 Forms of to be pursued, 1 W. & S. 101. 
 
 PLEAS. 
 
 1. General rules as to, 1 P. & W. 152 ; 1 Gr. 202. 
 
 2. Must apply to each count, 14 S. 79. 
 
 3. Must answer whole count, 7 Barr 185. 
 
 4. As TO existence op plaintiff on record, is a plea in 
 
 BAR, 10 S. 436. 
 
 5. Need not aver legal result, 2 Wh. 252. 
 
 6. When notice to prove consideration, 1 Wr. 367. 
 
 7. Departure in, 1 Y. 79. 
 
 8. Must not be double, 14 S. & R. 245. 
 
 9. Admissibility op short pleas, 6 B. 12 ; 1 Gr. 202. 
 
 10. What are insensible in law, 8 S. & R. 263. 
 
 11. Joint, 4 Y. 134; 3 B. 215. 
 
 12. Several, trial on, 1 Wr. 394. 
 
 13. Entry of. 
 
 As to time of entering, 3 W. & S. 118. 
 What waived by omission to enter, 6 W. 516. 
 Nunc pro tunc, 4 S. & R. 238 ; 1 W. 271. 
 Before declaration, 1 D. 156. 
 
 14. Puis darrein continuance, 4 S. & R. 238, 239 ; 11 S. & 
 
 R. 146 ; 1 W. 271 ; 9 W. 142 ; 2 J. 339 ; 3 C. 71. 
 
 15. Power of court over, 3 W. & S. 470 ; 8 Wr. 466. 
 
 16. Amendment of, 1 Gr. 202. See Amendment. 
 
628 PLEAS— PLENE ADMINISTKAVIT. 
 
 PLEAS — continued. 
 
 17. Alteration of, 11 S. & R. 126 ; 16 S. & R. 150 ; 1 R. 
 
 175; 10 H. 277; 1 C. 303; 11 0. 80; 12 C. 67. 
 
 18. Additional, 2 J. 339. 
 
 19. Withdrawal op, 2 D. 110 ; 1 Y. 38; 2 Y. 529; 3 B. 518; 
 
 1 S. & R. 310 ; 9 W. & S. 154. 
 
 20. Striking off, 4 D. 205. 
 
 21. Errors and omissions cured by, 2 S. & R. 396; 3 S. & 
 
 R. 44 ; 12 S. & R. 292 ; 5 H. 130. 
 
 22. Waiver op irregularity in, 14 S. & R. 405 ; 16 S. & 
 
 R. 350; 5 W. & S. 215; 2 Wr. 471. 
 
 23. Effect op arbitration on, 1 H. 58. 
 
 24. Effect of agreement as to trial on, 3 W. & S. 470. 
 
 25. Effect of agreement to try without, 17 S. & R. 116 ; 
 
 10 H. 277. 
 
 26. In bar, what waived by, 2 C. 458. 
 
 27. In bar, effect of, 12 C. 29 ; 10 S. 436. 
 
 28. In abatement. See Abatement. 
 
 29. Rule to enter. 
 
 Effect of, 1 W. & S. 139. 
 
 When unnecessary, 4 Y. 337. 
 
 When motion for refused, 4 Y. 385. 
 
 Notice of presumption as to, 10 H. 443. 
 
 Computation of time in, 4 Wr. 241. 
 
 Judgment for default, 1 Y. 337 ; 9 S. & R. 85 ; 6 W. & 
 
 S. 450 ; 11 Wr. 344. 
 Review of in error, 4 Y. 385 ; 2 B. 257 ; 6 B. 83. 
 
 30. Effect of trial on several pleas, 1 Wr. 394. 
 
 31. Defects in. 
 
 Not cured by evidence, 1 Wr. 251. 
 Cured by verdict. See Verdict. 
 
 PLEDGE. 
 
 1. Definition of, 3 Barr 208. 
 
 2. Confined to securing claims originally provided for, 
 
 4 S. 154. 
 
 3. Duty of holder of, 3 Barr 56, 57, 59; 1 Gr. 301, 304; 
 
 4 S. 154. 
 
 4. Redemption of, 4 S. 154. See Collateral Security. 
 
 5. Verdict in trover for, 19 S. 403. 
 
 PLENE ADMINISTRAVIT. 
 1. Plea of. 
 
 Power of jury on, 11 S. & R. 252. 
 Effect of verdict on, 16 S. & R. 38. 
 
POINTS— POSSESSION. 629 
 
 POINTS. See Charge of Court. 
 
 POLICE FOECB. 
 
 In borough sustained by tax on drinking saloons, 12 S. 491. 
 
 POLICY OF INSURANCE. 8ee Insurance Policy. 
 
 POOR. 
 
 1. Stricken out of will as uncertain, 8 S. &: R. 43. 
 
 2. May be taught gratis under constitution, 5 H. 118. 
 
 See Pauper. 
 
 POOR DIRECTORS. 
 
 Rights and liabilities of, 2 R. 158 ; 3 W. & S. 367 ; 6 H. 493 ; 
 16 S. 63. 
 
 POOR HOUSE. 
 
 Exemption of from taxation for school purposes, 6 Wr. 21. 
 
 PORCHES. 
 
 Ordinance relative to dimensions of, construed, 1 Y. 473. 
 
 PORTER. 
 
 Competency of as a witness, 3 Y. 102. • 
 
 PORT WARDENS. 
 
 Of Philadelphia. 
 
 Power of over Schuylkill river, 6 Wr. 209. 
 Power of over docks in Philadelphia, 17 S. 337. 
 Appeal from decision of, 6 C. 510. 
 
 POSSE COMITATUS. 
 
 Right of constable to call for, 5 Wh. 437. 
 
 POSSESSED. 
 
 Meaning of, 3 H. 349. 
 
 POSSESSION. 
 
 I. Constructive, 1 S. & R. Ill ; 7 S. & R. 173; 9 S. & R. 
 
 244; 1 Barr 416; 5 Barr 291, 294, 300, 302, 440; 4 
 Wh.45; 8H.195; 11 H. 254; 9C.331; 5S.172; 14 
 S. 275. 
 
 II. Of personal property, 5 S. & R. 275 ; 10 W. 437 ; 9 
 
 H. 349. 
 
 1. Should accompany sale of. See Sale of Personal 
 
 Property. 
 
 2. Right of vendee in contract for sale of, 6 Wr. 104. 
 
 3. When and where not proof of ownership, 1 D. 193 ; 
 
 2 D. 146; 1 Y. 94; 5 S. & R. 275; 12 S. & R. 42; 
 
630 POSSESSION. 
 
 POSSESSION— con^zwMei. 
 
 3 E. 472 ; 1 P. & W. 57 ; 2 W. 180 ; 9 W. 96 ; 4 
 
 Wh. 45; 8 W. & S. 232; 1 Barr 191; 8 H. 195; 9 
 
 H. 340; 10 H. 471; 12 H. 217; 2 0. 72; 8 C. 364; 
 
 - IGr. 429; 2 S. 492. 
 
 4. Concurrent by vendor and vendee, 2 W. & S. 150 ; 
 
 12 H. 9 ; 4 Wr. 352 ; 7 Wr. 104, 156 ; 8 Wr. 407 ; 9 
 S.4'64; 13 S. 65; 19 S. 135. 
 
 / 5. Title by as against strangers, 5 Barr 337 ; 3 0. 380 ; 
 1 Gr. 429. 
 
 6. For special purpose. 
 Effect of, 6 Wh. 234. 
 
 7. Of promissory note, inference from, 12 S. & E. 42 ; 
 
 9 W. 96. 
 
 8. Of bond. 
 
 What inferred from, 1 S. 219. 
 
 9. Of deed when evidence of delivery, 3 C. 30. 
 
 Of deed, no proof of title, 3 S. 108. 
 10. By maker of endorsed note, proof op what, 3 Gr. 
 147. 
 III. Of real property. 
 
 1. Follows title unless there is adverse occupancy, 
 
 16 S. & E. 44; 4 W. & S. 378; 10 Barr 296; 1 C. 
 491; 1 Wr. 116; 7 Wr. 260; 10 Wr. 390; 1 S. 102; 
 7 S. 406. 
 
 2. Title by. See Adverse Possession. 
 
 3. Proof of, 7 W. 443, 580; 9 W. 77; 10 Barr 296; 6 
 
 H. 388; 6S. 95; 7 S. 406. 
 
 4. Presumption arising from, 3 Y. 570 ; 2 S. & E. 53, 
 
 352; 6 S. & E. 179; 16 S. & E. 229; 2 W. 23, 27 ; 
 1 W. & S. 324; 2 W. & S. 365; 7 W. & S. 215; 10 
 H. 151; 1 Gr. 518; 1 S. 102; 3 S. 122, 428; 5 S. 
 85. 
 
 5. Conflicting under interfering surveys, 7 W. 442 ; 
 
 9 W. 172; 2 W. & S. 240; 10 Barr 296; 2 J. 87 ; 6 
 H. 377 ; 1 Gr. 518. 
 
 6. Abandonment of, 10 S. & E. 306; 2 J. 87; 3 S. 122. 
 
 7. Presumption against, 8 S. & E. 317 ; 3 P. & W. 428 ; 
 
 13 Wr. 133. 
 
 8. Character of, proved by declarations of party, or 
 
 tenant, 6 S. 145. 
 
 9. Not valid as against the Commonwealth, 3 P. & W. 
 
 428. 
 
POSSESSION. 631 
 
 POSSESSION— conimitecZ. 
 
 10. For temporary purpose, 3 S. 122 . 
 
 11. Deed, what evidence of, 16 S. & R. 44; 10 Barr 
 
 296. 
 
 12. Under parol sale, 2 S. & R. 543; 8 S. & R. 243; 5 
 
 W. 146; 3 W. & S. 56; 8 W. & S. 55 ; 7 Barr 157; 
 7 H. 461 ; 7 Wr. 260 ; 12 Wr. 361 ; 1 Gr. 406 ; 1 S. 51. 
 
 13. Under land warrant, 4 Barr 256. 
 
 14. Under parol partition, 10 Wr. 376 ; 12 Wr. 345. 
 
 15. Must be adverse to bar Statute oe Limitations, 1 
 
 D. 67. 
 
 16. Continuity oe, 3 W. 205; 4 Wh. 272; 1 C. 154, 252; 
 
 3S. 122; 6 S. 95. 
 
 17. When notice of title, 3 S. & R. 283 ; 6 S. & R. 118 ; 
 
 10 S. & R. 39; 1 P. & W. 384; 1 W. 261, 382; 10 
 W. 407;4 Wh. 259; 5 W. & S. 427; 7 W. & S. 440; 
 6 Barr 253; 10 H. 151; 11 H. 120; 4 Wr. 206; 12 
 Wr. 238; 1 S. 102; 5 S. 85. 
 
 18. When not evidence of ouster, 13 Wr. 133. 
 
 19. Effect of permissive, 2 C. 479; 1 S. 113. 
 
 20. Not necessary to validate conveyance, 6 B. 416; 2 
 
 W. 272. 
 
 21. Waiver of demand for, 3 S. & R. 423. 
 
 22. restt)ration to after ouster, 2 b. 450. 
 
 23. Must follow exchange op land, 3 0. 176. 
 
 24. Effect of on location, in absence of land marks, 5 
 
 S. 276. 
 
 25. When equivalent to interest on purchase-money, 1 
 
 W. 494. 
 
 26. What will protect outstanding title, 3 Barr 105. 
 
 27. What acts of, will bar action for trespass, 6 S. & 
 
 R. 21; 7 S. & R. 134; 9 W. 172; 4 Wh. 213; 5 W. 
 & S. 60; 6 Barr 271; 12 0. 320. 
 
 28. Necessary to sustain trespass. See Trespass. 
 
 29. When held jointly, 2 S. & R. 461; 3 S. & R. 509; 
 
 10 S. & R. 182; 3 W. 74; 5 W. 146; 10 W. 158, 
 192. 
 
 30. Tacking several so as to make title under Statute 
 
 op Limitations, 1 W. & S. 488; 2 H.^97. 
 
 31. Common and mixed, by adjoiners, 10 Wr. 376, 385 ; 
 
 11 Wr. 411..^ 
 
 82. Temporary, under no claim op title, effect of, 9 
 
632 POSSESSION— POWERS. 
 
 POSSESSION— cowfanMec?. 
 
 W. 172; 10 W. 140, 454; 3 H. 507; 10 C. 74; 1 Wr. 
 116 ; 4 Wr. 254 ; 1 S. 102 ; 3 S. 122. 
 
 POSSESSORY ACTION. See Ejectment. 
 
 POSTHUMOUS CHILDREN. 
 
 1. Effect of birth of on will, 3 B. 498; 5 S. & R. 38^ 2 
 
 R. 334; 1 Wh. 212 ; 3 Wh. 208 ; 1 S. 518 ; 18 S. 327. 
 
 2. Rights and liabilities of, 3 Y. 164 ; 3 B. 498 ; 5 B. 
 
 601 ; 1 S. & R. 181 ; 5 S. & R. 38, 40 ; 2 R. 334; 3 
 Wh. 208, 227; 6 C. 173. 
 
 POSTMASTER. 
 Liability of. 
 
 1. Foe, acts of sueokdinate, 8 W. 453. 
 
 2. For refusing list of letters for publication, 2 H. 
 
 168. 
 
 POST NUPTIAL SETTLEMENT. See Marriage. 
 
 POST OFFICE. 
 
 Notice of protest sent through. See Bills and Notes. 
 
 POSTPONEMENT. 
 
 1. Of trial. See Trial. 
 
 2. Of enjoyment of bequest or devise. See Devise ; 
 
 Legacy ; Will. 
 
 3. Of claim. 
 
 For fraudulent omission to present, 2 P. & W. 19. 
 
 POVERTY. 
 
 Proof of, to rebut presumption of payment, 2 Barr 225. 
 
 POWERS. 
 
 I. Grant or creation of. 
 
 1. Authentication op, 1 D. 450. 
 
 2. Instrument must refer to power or dispose of sub- 
 
 ject of it, 7 W. 116; 3 Wh. 287; 2 J. 280; 1 H. 
 259; 6H. 265; 11 Wr. 508. 
 
 3. To WHAT applicable, 2 S. & R. 507; 2 R. 215; 5 Wh. 
 
 524 ;1 C. 109; 4 S. 285. 
 
 4. Restrictions in, 2 S. & R. 507; 9 H. 394. 
 
 5. By parol, 10 W. 67. 
 
 6. Consent to execute, necessity for, 5 B. 485; 6 S. & 
 
 R. 170 ; 8 W. 125; 2 J. 67 ; 4 C. 17. 
 
 7. Revocation of, 6 Barr 61 ; 3 W. 363 ; 4 H. 384 ; 2 S. 
 
 338; 3 S. 266. 
 
POWERS. 633 
 
 TOYlEnS— continued. 
 
 8. "When irrevocable, 3 "W. & S. 14; 2 Gr. 513; 2 S. 
 
 338. 
 
 9. Grant op general, construed, 1 D. 450; 9 W. 98; 3 
 
 Wh. 305. 
 
 10. Grant to married women, construed, 1 R. 147 ; 2 
 
 Wh. 15; 4 Wh. 445; 13 S. 170. 
 
 11. Oe power op appointment,-1 Y. 150, 221 ; 5 W. 187 ; 
 
 3 Wh. 287 ; 8 Wr. 527 ; 13 Wr. 213 ; 8 S. 365 ; 13 
 S. 170. 
 
 12. To lease real estate, 10 W. 67; 20 S. 335. 
 
 13. To executors to sell, 12 C. 89; 9 Wr. 84; 11 Wr. 144. 
 
 14. To MORTGAGE REAL ESTATE, 4 Wh. 450. 
 
 15. Op joint parties, 5 B. 481 ; 9 W. 56, 466 ; 2 J. 67. 
 
 16. When it survives, 3 B. 69; 2 R. 215; 5 C. 211. 
 II. Execution of. 
 
 1. Under will, 1 B. 177 ; 4 B. 31 ; 5 B. 534 ; 3 S. & R. 
 
 108 ; 8 S. & R. 299 ; 11 S. & R. 311; 13 S. & R. 372 
 15 S. & R. 188; 1 R. 23; 2 R. 185, 215 ; 2 W. 185 
 8 W. 203, 208 ; 10 W. 274; 5 Wh. 524 ; 1 Barr 368 
 3 Barr 115 ; 5 Barr 21 ; 6 Barr 406 ; 7 Barr 530 ; 8 
 Barr 418 ; 10 Barr 267 ; 2 J. 67, 72 ; 1 H. 259 ; 3 
 H. 339; 4H. 42; 9 H. 72; 1 C. 109 ; 4 0. 17; 5 0. 
 211 ; 10 C. 446 ; 11 Wr. 503 ; 4 S. 285 ; 8 S. 365 ; 
 13 S. 170 ; 14 S. 345, 349 ; 16 S. 248, 326. 
 
 2. After renunciation op co-executor, 5 C. 211. 
 
 3. Under deed, 6 S. & R. 211 ; 1 R. 231; 2 W. 185 ; 1 
 
 W. & S. 328 ; 5 W. & S. 548 ; 4 Wh. 445 ; 7 Barr 
 530; 12 C. 204; 13 Wr. 256; 2 S. 338; 13 S. 170. 
 
 4. Under contract, 17 S. ,& R. 345. 
 
 5. Of power to sell, 1 B. 546 ; 2 S. & R. 507 ; 8 S. & 
 
 R, 248, 299; 9 S. & R. 166; 2 R. 392; 2 W. 185, 
 188; 8 W. 203; 1 W. & S. 328; 2 Barr 227; 2 J. 
 67 ; 1 H. 533 ; 4 H. 25, 42 ; 6 H. 266, 271 ; 4 0. 17 ; 
 6 Wr. 414; 7 Wr. 83 ; 9 Wr. 84; 11 Wr. 144; 2 Gr. 
 513 ; 1 S. 276 ; 16 S. 335, 336 ; 20 S. 446. 
 
 6. Effect op when conditional, 9 H. 394. 
 
 7. Effect of on liens, 2 D. 291 ; 1 Y. 553 ; 13 S. & R. 
 
 259 ; 8 Barr 126 ; 4 0. 47. 
 
 8. Validity op title under, 2 Gr. 513. 
 
 9. Sale under not judicial, 4 0. 47. 
 
 10. Effect of on executory devise, 7 Wr. 92. 
 
634 POWERS— PRESCRIPTION. 
 
 VOWERS— continued. 
 
 11. Effect of failure to appoint, 1 G. 56; 8 Wr. 279 ; 
 10 Wr. 490 ; 14 Wr. 128, 143 ; 10 S. 497 ; 20 S. 
 342. 
 
 PREAMBLE. 
 
 Effect of on statute, 3 D. 233 ; 2 C. 288 ; 19 S. 328. 
 
 PRECEPT. 
 
 Of register. 
 
 Revenue stamp on, 13 Wr. 79. 
 
 PRECIPE. 
 
 1. Part of the record, 2 B. 436. 
 
 2. Date of, on judsment for default of appearance, 2 B. 
 
 436. 
 
 3. When a substitute foe description, ^ee Ejectment. _ 
 
 PRE-EMPTION RIGHT TO LAND. 
 
 How acquired, 4 Y. 373; 2 W. 409; 11 S. & R. 340; 10 W. 
 428 ; 1 C. 45, 106. See Improvement. 
 
 PREFERENCE. 
 
 In payment of debts. 
 
 1. Of decedent. See Decedent. 
 
 2. Under assignment for creditors. See Assignment. 
 
 3. As TO debts due Commonwealth, 1 D. 150; 2 W. 87. 
 
 4. As TO DEBTS DUE THE UNITED STATES, 4 Y. 251 ; 6 B. 266. 
 
 5. As TO SERVANTS' WAGES, 3 S. & R. 351 ; 17 S. & R. 292; 
 
 9 C. 395 ; 2 Wr. 164 ; 10 Wr. 57. 
 
 6. As TO CLAIM FOR RENT. See LANDLORD. 
 
 7.^ As TO laborers' wages, 5 C. 328; 2 J. 236. 
 
 8. As to barkeeper, 3 S. & R. 351. 
 
 9. As to minors' wages, 5 C. 328 ; 2 J. 236. 
 PREMIUMS. See Insurance. 
 
 PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. 
 
 1. General Assembly of not a quasi corporation, 4 Wh. 
 
 531. 
 
 2. Power of courts over, 4 Wh. 531. 
 
 3. Authority and duties of discussed, 4 Wh. 531, 606. 
 
 PRESCRIPTION. 
 
 1. Title by, 2 B. 468 ; 3 S. & R. 490 ; 10 S. & R. 391 ; 17 
 
 S. & R. 362 ; 5 S. 350. 
 
 2. Distinguished from title by grant, 9 C. 169. 
 
PKESENTMENT— PRESUMPTION. 635 
 
 PKESENTMENT. 
 
 For acceptance and payment. See Bills and Notes. 
 
 PRESIDENT OF CORPORATION. 
 
 Power of to bind corporation. See Corporation. 
 
 PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES. 
 Power to confiscate property, 3 Gr. 406. 
 
 PRESUMPTION. See Legal Presumption. 
 
 As to conveyance of title, 2 B. 468; 4 W. & S. 297; 7 
 W. & S. 215; 3 C. 337. 
 
 Of grant, 3 S. & R. 507; 10 S. & R. 383; 3 P. & W. 
 428; 8 W. 51; 2 Wh. 426; 10 Barr 126; 8 C. 434; 6 
 Wr. 102; 12 Wr. 361. 
 
 Not destroyed by loose declarations of claimant, 6 Wr. 102. 
 
 As to performance of condition in bond, 3 C. 123. 
 
 As to validity of title, 2 W. 272 ; 1 W. & S. 326 ; 7 W. 
 & S. 216; 7 0. 172; 12 Wr. 187. 
 
 Of intestacy of decedent, 1 W. 466. 
 
 As to abandonment of lands. See Abandonment. 
 
 Of gift, from possession, 5 S. 416. 
 
 As to death without issue, 5 W. & S. 266. 
 
 As to negligence, 5 R. 189 ; 7 H. 295 ; 5 S. 141. See Neg- 
 ligence. 
 
 Of fairness in purchase and sale of property, 3 C. 137. 
 
 Of legitimacy, 1 P. & W. 450; 5 C. 420; 2 ,Wr. 439. 
 
 Against party withholding evidence, 6 W. 290; 6 Wh. 79; 
 12 H. 314. 
 
 As to existence of deed, 5 W. & S. 266. 
 
 Against party refusing to permit examination of work, 12 
 H. 314. 
 
 Arising from silence. See Estoppel. 
 
 Arising from payment of purchase-money, 3 Wr. 463 ;, 10 
 Wr. 83. 
 
 As to husband's ownership of personal property. See Hus- 
 band. 
 
 As to payment of Orphans' Court recognisance, 6 H. 190. 
 
 Against accountants, 2 W. & S. 88; 3 Wr. 369. 
 
 As to extinguishment of ground-rent, 1 Wh. 228. 
 
 As to death. See Death. 
 
 As to bona fides between husband and wife, 11 Wr. 220. 
 
 As to gift by wife to husband, 9 Wr. 530; 14 Wr. 382. 
 
 As to existence of surplus bond on tax sale, 10 W. 62; 
 11 C. 9; 12 H. 145. A^ee Unseated Land. 
 
 As to ouster, 10 Wr. 376, 385; 13 Wr. 133. 
 
 As to interest of. tenant in common in equitable estate, 3 
 Wr. 369. 
 
636 PKESUMPTION— PKINCIPAL. 
 
 VU'ESVMVTIOl^— continued. 
 Of liability. 
 From position of signature on note, 3 Wr. 393. 
 Rebutted by relationship of parties, 2 Wr. 464; 7 "Wr. 
 107; 8 Wr. 399; 11 Wr. 375, 634; 12 Wr. 387; 13 Wr. 
 126, 163; 14 Wr. 456. 
 Of payment. See Payment. 
 From use of word " heir" in will, 5 Wr. 228. 
 From use of words of limitation in will, 14 Wr. 128. 
 Parol rebuttal of presumption, 13 S. & R. 124 ; 2 W. 246 ; 
 9 W. 441; 7 H. 400; 8 H. 177. 
 
 PREVENTION CERTIFICATE. 
 
 Nature and effect of, 4 D. 242. 
 
 PRIMARY EVIDENCE. 
 
 Defined, 1 Wr. 87. 
 
 PRINCIPAL. 
 
 I. Relationship with agent how established, 7 Wr. 191, 
 
 260, 413. 
 
 II. Relationship with agent how determined, 10 Wr. 
 
 426. 
 
 III. Rights of. 
 
 1. As against acts of agent. 
 
 To follow proceeds of sale by, 2 D. 60, 67 ; 7 W. 324; 8 
 
 W. &S. 18; 7S. 202. 
 To sue on contract of agent, 2 D. 300 ; 1 S. & R. 241 ; 
 
 5 S. & R. 27 ; 10 S. & R. 251 ; 6 Wh. 79 ; 5 W. & 
 
 S. 9; 7 S. 202. 
 To recover deposits made in bank by agent, 6 Wr. 536. 
 Against agent for money received by him, 2 B. 325; 8 
 
 W. &S. 18; 7 S. 202. 
 • To lien against factor, 2 D. 67 ; 4 W. & S. 177. 
 
 To testify for agent, 10 S. & R. 442 ; 4 W. & S. 282. 
 
 On death of agent, 8 W. & S. 402. 
 
 To countermand and disavow acts of agent, 7 S. 203. 
 
 2. Against third parties for acts op agent, 2 D. 300 ; 
 
 1 S. & R. 241 ; 5 S. & R. 27 ; 10 S. & R. 251; 6 
 Wh. 79 ; 5 W. & S. 9 ; 8 W. & S. 18 ; 11 H. 515 ; 
 12 H. 320, 384 ; 6 Wr. 536 ; 7 S. 202. 
 
 IV. Duty of. 
 
 As to approval or disavowal of acts of agent, 14 S. & R. 
 27, 30; 13 S. 87; 19 S. 426. 
 
 V. Liability of. 
 
 1. To action where consideration of agent's contract 
 has failed, 5 Barr 41. 
 
PRINCIPAL— PEISON. 637 
 
 TRINGIVAL— continued. 
 
 2. For acts of agent generally, 3 D. 333; 4 Y. 107 ; 1 
 
 B. 108 ; 2 B. 308 ; 4 B. 361 ; 5 B. 450, 613; 6 S. & 
 E. 90; 12 S. & R. 287 ; 14 S. & R. 27, 331 ; 2 W. 
 83 ; 6 W. 487 ; 7 W. 39 ; 4 Wh. 311 ; 5 Wh. 331 ; 16 
 W. & S. 242; 7 W. & S. 317; 9 W. & S. 72 ; 2 J. 
 258 ; 2 H. 105 ; 6 H. 224, 232 ; 9 H. 507 ; 11 H. 72 ; 
 12 H. 320 ; 1 C. 393 ; 2 C. 67, 428 ; 7 C. 461 ; 10 C. 
 69; 1 Gr. 267; 13 S. 87. 
 
 3. For torts op agent, 7 S. & R. 469; 11 Wr. 480. 
 
 4. To agent, 2 Y. 125 ; 1 B. 106; 5 B. 461 ; 7 Barr 543. 
 
 5. Constructive notice through agent, 4 W. & S. 177. 
 
 6. Where improper act of agent is not promptly re- 
 
 pudiated, 14 S. & R. 27, 30; 13 S. 87; 19 S. 426. 
 
 VI. Relation of to substitute in military service, 13 
 Wr. 86. 
 
 VII. Relation of to surety. See Surety. 
 
 1. Rights op. 
 
 To disciiarge from liability to third parties, 3 B. 520. 
 To testify, 2 J. 383. 
 
 2. Duty op. 
 
 As to surety, 3 B. 126 ; 5 Barr 267, 268 ; 6 H. 460. 
 See Surety. 
 
 PRINCIPAL DEBT. 
 
 Collection of on failure to pay interest, 7 W. 126 ; 4 Wr. 140. 
 
 See Judgment; Mortgage. 
 
 PRINTED ACTS OF ASSEMBLY. 
 
 When evidence. See Acts op Assembly. 
 
 PRINTING BILL. 
 
 Of sheriff. See Sheriff. 
 
 PRIOR IN TEMPORE POTIOR IN JURE. 
 
 Application of maxim, 5 S. 215. 
 
 PRIORITY. 
 
 1. Op lien. See Judgment ; Mortgage. 
 
 2. As TO SUIT ON official bond. See Bond. 
 
 3. As to USB OF WATERPOWER. See Dam ; Waterpower. 
 
 4. Op claim. 
 
 Not affected by decree for subrogation, 12 Wr. 223. 
 
 PRISON. 
 
 To be supplied with fuel by county, 2 H. 198. 
 
638 PEISONEK— PEIVATEERING. 
 
 PRISONER. 
 
 I. Right of. 
 
 1. To COPY OF INDICTMENT, 1 D. 33 ; 2 D. 343. 
 
 2. To BE PRESENT AT TRIAL AND VERDICT, 2 S. & R. 237 ; 
 
 4 S. & R. 315; 6 Barr 384; 1 H. 627; 6 H. 103; 1 
 C. 221. 
 
 3. To CONFRONT AND EXAMINE WITNESSES, 1 S. 332. 
 
 4. To DISCHARGE FOR NON TRIAL, 2 D. 9 ; 3 Y. 463 ; 5 B. 
 
 489; 7 W. 366; 2 Wh. 500; 5 0. 129. 
 
 5. Effect op discharge, 3 Wr. 288. 
 
 6. Power of county commissioners as to, 10 H. 98 ; 1 
 
 Gr. 187. 
 
 7. To BE HEARD IN MITIGATION OF SENTENCE, 2 D. 189 ; 1 
 
 Y. 180. 
 
 II. -Power of. 
 
 1. To WAIVE LEGAL RIGHTS, 7 S. & R. 489 ; 6 Barr 384 ; 
 
 1 H. 627; 3H. 470; 6 H. 103. 
 
 2. Consent, not implied from plea, ,7 S. & R. 489. 
 
 III. Arraignment of, 5 S. & R. 315 ; 4 H. 129, 133 ; 10 
 H. 94; 8 S. 9; 19 S. 286. 
 
 IV. Effect of removal prom prison after sentence, 1 
 Wh. 440, 444. 
 
 V. Condition of on surrender under Insolvent Law, 2 
 
 C. 279. 
 
 PRISON INSPECTOR. 
 
 Discretionary powers of, 6 Wr. 446. 
 
 PRISON KEEPER. 
 
 1. Duty of, 8 S. & R. 47. 
 
 2. Power of, 10 Wr. 446. 
 
 3. Liability of. See Escape ; Gaoler. 
 
 PRIVATE ACTION. 
 
 Not superseded by criminal prosecution, 5 Wr. 42. 
 
 PRIVATEERING. 
 
 1. Legality of, discussed, 3 D. 155. 
 
 2. Authority of privateer, 2 D. 22; 3D. 133, 169, 285, 
 
 296. 
 
 3. Owner of vessel responsible for, 3 D. 333. 
 
 4. Illegal outfit, 3 D. 152, 169, 285, 290, 307, 319. 
 
 5. Forfeiture for, 3 D. 285, 296, 319. 
 
 6. Augmentation of force for, 3 D. 285, 296, 319. 
 
PRIVATE NUISANCE— PROBABLE CAUSE. 639 
 
 PRIVATE NUISANCE. See Nuisance. 
 
 PRIVATE PROPERTY. 
 
 Taking of for public use. See Canals ; Eminent Domain; 
 Railroads. 
 
 PRIVATE SALE. 
 
 By administrator, 5 Wr. 297. 
 
 PRIVATE SURVEY, See Trespass. 
 
 PRIVATE WAY. See Road. 
 
 PRIVILEGE. /S'eeABUEST; Capias. 
 
 PRIVILEGED COMMUNICATIONS. 
 
 Law relative to, discussed, 3 Wr. 192; 10 Wr. 294. See 
 Attorney at Law ; Husband and Wife. 
 
 PRIVITY OP CONTRACT. 
 1. Necessary to sustain suit at law, 1 D. 158; 12 S. & 
 R. 16 ; 6 W. 349 ; 6 W. & S. 243 ; 6 Barr 496 ; 10 Barr 
 274; 2 J. 236; 4 H. 380; 7 H. 448; 5 C. 181; 4 Wr. 
 448; 11 S. 307. 
 
 PRIZE. 
 
 I. What imported by, 2 D. 4, 23, 34, 37 ; 3D. 25, 153, 
 
 168, 195. 
 
 II. Cases. 
 
 Where tried, 1 D. 221 ; 2 D. 37, 81, 160, 165, 174, 176; 
 3 D. 177 ; 1 Y. 151, 443; 3 B. 220. 
 
 III. Courts. 
 
 1. Defined, 1 D. 105. 
 
 2. Power of Congress to establish, 3 D. 54, 120. 
 
 3. Jurisdiction of, 3 D. 54, 120; 1 Y. 461; 3 B. 220. 
 
 4. Decrees of. 
 
 Effect of on ownership of released property, 3 S. 362, 
 
 364. 
 Effect of on property condemned, 3 S. 362. 
 
 IV. Money. 
 
 1. Who liable for, 2 D. 37. 
 
 2. Distribution of, 2 D. 37. 
 
 3. Suit for at common law, 1 D. 221; 2 D. 37; 1 Y. 
 
 148 ; 3 B. 220. 
 
 4. Competency of witnesses in action for, 1 B. 531. 
 
 PROBABLE CAUSE. See Malicious Prosecution. 
 
640 PROBATE OP WILL— PROCHEIN AMY. 
 
 PROBATE OF WILL. See Will. 
 
 PROCEDENDO. 
 1. Award oe. 
 
 After reference, 2 D. 192. 
 Motion for, 3 Y. 559. 
 Costs on, 3 Y. 559. 
 
 PROCEEDINGS. 
 
 I. In court. 
 
 1. Motion to stay. 
 
 When to be made, 1 Y. 502. 
 In ejectment, 1 Y. 521. 
 
 II. Of church councils. 
 
 Admissibility of in evidence. See Churches. 
 
 PROCEEDS OF SHERIFF'S SALE. See Sheriff's Sale. 
 
 PROCESS. 
 
 I. Defined, 8 Wr. 313, 322 ; 12 Wr. 238. 
 
 II. Teste and return of, 6 B. 179 ; 1 Wh. 115. 
 
 III. State not liable to, 1 D. 80. 
 
 IV. Service of. 
 
 1. In adjoining county, 2 Wr. 300. 
 
 2. On soldiers, 8 Wr. 313, 322; 11 Wr. 127. 
 
 3. On state authorities, 3 D. 320, 339. 
 On corporation, 8 Wr. 422. 
 
 4. Fraudulent in another state, effect of, 11 Wr. 
 
 123. 
 
 5. Power of attorney to accept, 2 Wr. 93. 
 
 6. Omission of officer's signature, 2 S. & R. 392. 
 
 7. Correction of error in, 4 Y. 138 ; 2 S. & R. 300. 
 
 V. Abuse of. See Abuse of Process. 
 
 VL Void, 1 D. 39 ; 2 B. 80 ; 2 S. & R. 426. 
 
 VII. Of the United States Courts. 
 Form of, 3 D. 369, 370, 382, 384. 
 
 VIII. Stay of. 
 
 As to persons in military service, 8 Wr. 313, 322. 
 
 PROCESS, VERBAL. 
 
 Admissibility of in evidence, 1 D. 317. 
 
 PROCHEIN AMY. See Divorce ; Married Woman ; Minor. 
 
PRODUCTION— PKOPRIETOR OP PENNSYLVANIA. 641 
 
 PRODUCTION. 
 
 Of papers. See Books and Papers. / 
 
 PROFERT. 
 In court. 
 
 When necessary, 2 S. & R. 67. 
 
 PROFESSIONAL THIEVES. 
 Arrest of, 6 Wr. 89. 
 
 PROFITS. 
 
 1. Effect of perception op, on tenants in common, 1 D. 67. 
 
 2. When insurable, 3 Y. 461. 
 
 3. Allowance for as damages, 2 Barr 318. 
 
 4. Future. 
 
 Damage for loss of, 6 Wr. 439; 12 Wr. 309. See 
 Damages. 
 
 5. Grant of. 
 
 Conveys whole estate, 11 Wr. 376 ; 1 Gr. 237. 
 
 6. Taxation of, 10 Wr. 31. 
 
 PROHIBITED GOODS. 
 
 Condemnation of vessel for carrying, 2 Y. 126, 232. 
 
 PROHIBITION. 
 
 1. To District Court, 3 D. 121, 129, 132. 
 
 2. Implied in penal statutes, 1 B. 110. 
 
 PROMISE. See Assumption. 
 
 PROMISSORY NOTES. See Bills and Notes. 
 
 PROOF. 
 
 Definition of, 2 Y. 283. 
 
 PROPERTY. 
 
 Under Act of 1856, relative to husband and wife, defined, 9 
 
 S. & R. 445; 6H. 23; 8 Wr. 170. 
 Transfer of by contract of sale. , See Sale. 
 Not acquired by contract for share of profits, 2 Barr 414. 
 
 PROPRIETARY AGREEMENTS. 
 
 Efi'ect of on vested private rights, 1 Y. 28. 
 
 PROPRIETATE- PROBANDA. 
 Writ of, 1 D. 156. 
 
 PROPRIETOR OF PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 Right of. 
 1. To adjust conflicting claims, 2 D. 99. 
 
 41 
 
642 PROPEIETOR OF PENNSYLVANIA, &c. 
 
 PROPRIETOR OP PENNSYLVANIA— wwiOTMecZ. 
 
 2. To LANDS IN Pennsylvania, 4 D. 406. 
 
 3. to tenths in manors, defined, 4 d. 406. 
 
 4. Order of to survey, when evidence, 1 D. 7. 
 
 5. Concession by to first purchasers, 2 B. 475. 
 
 6. Agreements of. 
 
 Effect of on private rights, 1 Y. 28 ; 2 Y. 550. 
 
 PROPRIETORS OF MARYLAND AND PENNSYL- 
 VANIA. 
 Contract between, discussed, 3 Wr. 487. 
 
 PROSECUTOR. 
 
 1. To BE endorsed on indictment, 1 D. 5. 
 
 2. Proof of, 1 D. 6; 7 W. 485. 
 
 3. Competency of as witness, 1 D. 6. 
 
 4. Liability op for costs, 7 W. 485. 
 
 5. How affected by repeal of statute, 1 B. 601. See 
 
 Acts of Assembly 25. 
 
 PROSPECTIVE INDEBTEDNESS. 
 
 Guaranty for, 4 D. 135; 4 W. & S. 577; 8 Wr. 421; 10 Wr. 
 426. 
 
 PROTEST. 
 
 Of bills and notes. See Bills and Notes. 
 Of shipmasters. See Shipmasters. 
 
 PROTHONOTARY. 
 
 I. Contested election of. 
 
 1. Power of Supreme Court in, 2 H. 486. 
 
 II. Rights of. 
 
 1. to compensation for office rent, 4 s. & r. 443. 
 
 2. to compensation fob duties under election law, 4 
 
 S. & R. 443. 
 
 3. To COMPENSATION FOR DELIVERING ACTS OF ASSEMBLY, 
 
 4 S. & R. 443. 
 
 4. To COMPENSATION FOR SUITS ON FORFEITED RECOGNI- 
 
 SANCE, 4 S. & R. 443. 
 
 5. To COMPENSATION FOR CLERK HIRE AND STATIONERY 
 
 UNDER Act of 1810, 6 Barr 111. 
 
 6. To APPROPRIATE EXCESS OF FEES TO MAKE UP DEFI- 
 
 CIENCY OF PREVIOUS YEAR, 6 H. 451. 
 
 7. To RECEIVE COSTS FOR PREDECESSOR, 2 C. 395. 
 
 8. To RECOVER TAX ON WRITS IN ASSUMPSIT, 11 Wr. 363. 
 
PROTHONOTARY. 643 
 
 VROTJIO^OTARY— continued. 
 
 9. To RECOVER COSTS FROM ATTORNEY COLLECTING THEM, 11 
 
 Wr. 363. 
 
 III. Duties oe. 
 
 1. As TO GRATUITOUS SERVICES, 4 S. & R. 443. 
 
 2. As TO ENTRY OE JUDGMENTS ON AWARD, 2 Wr. 9 ; 3 S. 
 
 424. 
 
 3. As TO PERFORMANCE OF OFFICIAL DUTY OUT OF BUSINESS 
 
 HOURS, 8 C. 328. 
 
 4. As TO MONEYS DEPOSITED IN COURT, 1 T>. 259; 4 R. 
 
 364 ; 5 VV. & S. 342 ; 2 C. 395 ; 6 S. 115. 
 
 IV. Power of. 
 
 1. To ADMINISTER OATH, 1 P. & W. 14 ; 5 W. & S. 179. 
 
 2. To CHARGE SHERIFF BY ENTRY ON HIS DOCKET, 7 W. 
 
 188. 
 
 3. To RECEIVE MONEY ON JUDGMENT, 1 D. 254; 4 R. 364; 
 
 1 Barr 156 ; 3 Barr 351. 
 
 4. To ENTER JUDGMENTS, 8 S. & R. 567 ; 13 S. & R. 196 ; 
 
 4 W. 441. 
 
 5. To RECEIVE WARRANT OF ATTORNEY AT HIS RESIDENCE, 
 
 8 C. 328. 
 
 6. To LIQUIDATE AMOUNT OF JUDGMENT BY CONFESSION, 1 
 
 D. 377 ; 2 S. & R. 142 ; 6 S. & R. 18 ; 10 W. 396; 2 
 Wh. 209; 2 W. & S. 243;5 W. & S.44;2 J. 251; 14 
 Wr. 284 ; 5 S. 238 ; 9 S. 275. 
 
 7. To COMPUTE DAMAGES ON JUDGMENT BY DEFAULT, 2 Wh. 
 
 208 ; 14 Wr. 284. 
 
 8. To APPOINT DEPUTY, 17 S. & R. 285 ; 9 Barr 19. 
 
 V. Liability of. 
 
 1. On bond, 6 B. 88, 292 ; 8 S. & R. 110 ; 1 R. 249 ; 1 W. 
 
 147; 5 W. & S. 342; 3 Barr 152; 6 Barr 124, 136; 
 
 2 C. 395. 
 
 2. For error in certificate of liens, 5 W. & S. 21 ; 7 
 
 W. & S. 406; 2 J. 227. 
 
 3. For error in judgment docket, 7 W. & S. 400; 3 H. 
 
 181 ; 3 S. 424 ; 11 S. 457. 
 
 4. To attachment for money in HIS custody, 1 J). 354. 
 
 5. For office papers, 13 S. & R. 100. 
 
 6. For tax on fees under Act of 1818, 17 S. & R. 255; 
 
 1 R. 29; 3 W. 282 ; 6 Barr 111 ; 10 Barr 466 ; 6 H. 
 451. 
 
644 PEOTHONOTARY— PUBLIC HIGHWAY. • 
 
 VROTliOl^OIAnY— continued. 
 
 7. On receipt of money, 1 D. 259 ; 4 R. 364 ; 5 W. & 
 
 S. 342; 2 C. 395; 6 S. 115. 
 
 8. Of sureties of, 6 B. 88, 292 ; 8 S. & R. 110 ; 1 R. 249 ; 
 
 1 W. 147; 5 W. & S. 21 ; 3 Barr 162 ; 6 Barr 124 ; 2 
 J. 227 ; 2 C. 395. 
 
 VI. Docket op. 
 
 1. Presumption in favor of, 9 S. & R. 85. 
 
 2. When evidence, 4 S. & R. 298. 
 
 VII. Payment to, 1 D. 259; 4 R. 364; 5 W. & S. 842; 2 
 C. 395; 9 S. 115. 
 
 VIII. Power and authority of clerk or deputy of, 5 S. 
 & R. 333; 16 S. & R. 65; 17 S. & R. 282, 285; 1 R. 
 341 ; 9 Barr 19. 
 
 IX. Settlement of accounts with Commonwealth, 1 P. 
 & W. 252. 
 
 X. Omission of signature of to process, 2 S. & R. 392. 
 
 PROVIDENCE TOWNSHIP IN LUZERNE COUNTY. 
 
 Special act apportioning debts of, construed, 2 S. 374. 
 
 PROVISO. 
 
 1. Trial by, 2 D. 109, 110. 
 
 2. Distringas not opened without, 2 Y. 240. 
 
 PROXY. 
 
 Right of shareholders to vote by, 3 Gr. 209. 
 
 PUBLIC ACCOUNTS. See Accounts. 
 
 PUBLICATION. 
 
 When to be in English, 8 Wr. 277. 
 
 Of delinquent tax payers in Philadelphia, 11 Wr. 21. 
 
 Against judicial proceedings. See Contempt. 
 
 PUBLIC BUILDINGS. 
 
 1. What are, 5 Wr. 269. 
 
 2. Erection of. 
 
 How authorized, 6 W. 225. 
 
 3. Duty of commissioners of county as to, 3 S. & R. 551; 
 
 6 S. &R. 166; 9 S. 452. 
 Liability of lot owners opposite to for paving, 8 Wr. 118. 
 
 PUBLIC DUTY. 
 
 Not to be enforced by private action, 2 H. 168 ; 14 Wr. 91. 
 
 PUBLIC HIGHWAY. 
 
 Railroad platform is not, 9 S. 129. 
 
PUBLIC LOANS— PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 645 
 
 PUBLIC LOANS. 
 
 Liability of to state tax, 3 C. 497. See Taxation. 
 
 PUBLIC OFFICERS. See Officers. 
 
 « 
 
 PUBLIC POLICY. 
 
 1. Definition o^, 12 II. 9. 
 
 2. Validity of contracts against. See Contracts. 
 
 PUBLIC RECEIVER. 
 
 Basis of responsibility of, 3 Barr 372, 
 
 PUBLIC RIGHTS. 
 
 Not barred by Statute of Limitations, 4 W. 71 ; 5 W. 54 ; 7 
 W. 450 ; 3 Barr 151 ; 6 Barr 136 ; 5 Wr. 269. 
 
 Not lost by permissive trespass, 10 H. 381 ; 9 C. 131 ; 5 Wr. 
 269. 
 
 To land, grant of construed, 6 Wr. 132. 
 
 PUBLIC ROAD. See Roads. 
 
 PUBLIC SALES. 
 
 When necessary, 7 Barr 88. See Judicial Sales 3. 
 
 PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 
 
 I. Constitutionality of school law, 5 H. 118. 
 
 II. Power of county commissioners under Act of 1794,1 
 
 W. & S. 460. 
 
 III. Right of county superintendent to commission from 
 state superintendent, 16 S. 134. 
 
 IV. Rights and powers op controllers of, 7 S. & R. 454 ; 
 7 C. 274; 11 Wr. 382. 
 
 V. Directors of. 
 
 1. Election of, 7 W. 500. 
 
 2. Power to enforce contracts, 10 H. 215; 7 Wr. 318. 
 
 3. To sue tax collector, 6 W. & S. 46. 
 
 4. To elect superintendent, 16 S. 134. 
 Evidence in contest relative to, 6 W. & S. 46. 
 Competency of witnesses in, 6 W. & S. 46. 
 
 5. Discretionary powers of, 1 Wr. 385 ; 7 Wr. 318. 
 
 6. To SUE IN trespass, 6 W. & S. 46 ; 2 Barr 28. 
 
 7. To SUE IN ejectment, 1 J. 444. 
 Who are amenable to, 6 Wr. 358. 
 
 8. To take school-house sites, 18 S. 170. 
 
646 PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 
 
 PUBLIC SCROOLS—contiJiued. 
 
 9. To LEASE AND HOLD SCHOOL-HOUSES, 2 Barr 28. 
 
 10. To ASSESS AND COLLECT TAXES, 1 Barr 224: 6 Wr. 358; 
 
 13 S. 94. 
 
 11. To DECLARE VACANCY IN BOARD, 8 W. & S. 267; 6 Wr. 
 
 83. 
 
 12. Over teachers, 2 Barr 28; 11 Wr^ 382; 13 Wr. 151. 
 
 13. to sell school property, 1 j. 476. 
 
 14. to return oe tax warrant, 10 0. 239. 
 
 15. to contract for building, 2 j. 204. 
 
 16. Estate oe in land held for school purposes, 6 
 
 Barr 29; IJ. 444; 12 H. 84; 1 C. 142; 2 Wr. 200; 
 6 Wr. 132. 
 
 17. Power op committee of to bind board, 2 J. 204. 
 
 18. Duty op directors. 
 
 As to record of proceeding, 1 Barr 224; 10 H. 215. 
 
 As to meeting, 6 Wr. 83. 
 
 On division of district, 5 H. 199. 
 
 19. Amenable to court for misconduct, 6 Wr. 358. 
 
 20. Liability of. 
 
 To removal by court, 6 Wr. 358 ; 9 Wr. 93. 
 
 For misapplication of public funds, 12 C. 431. 
 
 To Mechanics' Lien Law, 6 H. 275. 
 
 For non-performance of duty, 10 H. 365 ; 1 Wr. 385. 
 
 To mandamus, 11 Wr. 382. 
 
 For seizing delinquent tax payer's property, 9 S. 232. 
 
 For not keeping schools open, 10 H. 365. 
 
 21. Minute book of, when evidence, 1 Barr 224 ; 4 Barr 
 
 35. 
 
 VI. Taxation for support of. 
 
 1. Property liable to, 1 B. 300 ; 1 W. & S. 428 ; 5 W. 
 
 & S. 276; 7 Barr 147; 8 H. 38; 2 Wr. 157. 
 
 2. Who liable to, 2 W. & S. 568 ; 2 Wr 157. 
 
 3. Power of directors as to, 1 Barr 224; 7 C. 274. 
 
 4. Record of vote of school directors for, 20 S. 229. 
 
 5. Warrant for collection of taxes, 1 Barr 224. 
 
 6. Collection of taxes by suit, 10 C. 239. 
 
 VII. Superintendent of. 
 
 1. Right as to contested elections, 7 W. 500. 
 Power to remove county superintendents, 8 C. 469. 
 Liability for misapplication of school funds, 12 C. 431. 
 
PUBLIC SCHOOLS— PUIS DARIEN, &c. 647 
 
 PUBLIC 8GR00LS— continued. 
 
 VIII. Districts. 
 
 1. Should correspond with division op township and 
 
 COUNTIES, 5 H. 199; 20 S. 108. 
 
 2. Effect of general law on sub-districts, 8 0. 194. 
 
 3. Not a municipal corporation, 6 Wr. 358. 
 
 4. Boundary of, 5 H. 199 ; 20 S. 108. 
 
 5. Consolidation of, 9 Wr. 93. 
 
 6. Formation of sub-districts, 1 Barr 97; 8 H. 324; 11 
 
 H. 417; 9 C. 297; 20 S. 108. 
 When complete, 5 H. 199. 
 When void, 11 H. 417. 
 Effect of on fund, 4 Barr 35. 
 Effect of on taxes, 4 Barr 35. 
 Effect of on power of officers, 5 H. 199. 
 Plot or draft to accompany report, 9 C. 299; 20 S. 108. 
 
 7. Independent, notice op formation or continuance of, 
 
 8 It. 324; 9 C. 299; 20 S. 108. 
 
 IX. Treasurer op school fund. 
 Settlement of accounts by, 6 H. 144. 
 
 PUBLIC SQUARES. 
 
 1. Grant op, construed, 2 W. 23. 
 
 2. Right of public to, 1 Wh. 468. 
 
 3. Right of lot owners to inner angles of, 1 J. 181. 
 
 PUBLIC USES. 
 
 1. Dedication of land to, 5 Wr. 269 ; 6 Wr. 132. 
 
 2. Liability of corporation created for, 10 Wr. 112. 
 
 PUBLIC WORKS. 
 
 1. Restraint or injunction against construction of, 12 
 
 Wr. 439. 
 
 2. Act of Assembly for sale op, construed, 1 S. 351. 
 
 3. Rights, duties and liabilities op purchasers op, 9 
 
 S. 174. 
 
 4. Sale op under Act op 1857, discussed, 13 S. 42. 
 
 PUFFING. 
 
 At public sales, effect of, 11 S. & R. 86; 2 H. 446; 4 H. 
 200; 9 C. 251. 
 
 PUIS DARIEN CONTINUANCE. 
 
 1. Plea, 4 S. & R. 238, 239; 11 S. & R. 146; 1 W. 271; 9 
 W. 142; 2 J. 339; 3 C. 71; 20 S. 315. 
 
648 PUIS DAKIEN, &c.— PUECHASE-MONEY. 
 
 PUIS DARIEN CONTINUANCE— coniOTMet^. 
 
 2. Demurrer to, 4 R. 83 ; 2 J. 302. 
 
 3. Effect op on previous plea in bar, 4 R. 83. 
 
 PUNISHMENTS. 
 
 Must be fixed by law, 1 D. 116. 
 
 PURCHASE. 
 
 1. Of REAL ESTATE, ^ee DEEDS ; Sale. 
 
 2. Priority of when inquired into, 8 W. & S. 304. 
 
 PURCHASE-MONEY. 
 
 I. Of real estate. 
 
 1. What is, 8 Barr 164. 
 
 2. "When dub, 4 Barr 251. 
 
 3. Proof of amount op, 4 W. 436. 
 
 4. Should appear in contract of sale, 4 W. 436. 
 
 5. Computation of on sale pee acre, 4 W. 436. 
 
 6. Encumbrances, when included in, 2 Wb. 432 ; 7 H. 64 ; 
 
 10 Wr. 508; 12 Wr. 491. 
 
 7. Liability for, incurred without express contract, 
 
 5 C. 426. 
 
 8. Payment of. 
 
 Presumption as to, 11 H. 421; 3 Wr. 463; 10 Wr. 83. 
 Proof of, 3 S. & R. 355; 7 S. & R. 309; 3 P. & W. 136; 
 
 9 W. 266. 
 Use not transferred without, 10 C. 252. 
 In specific articles, 2 P. & W. 63, 301; 7 W. 381. 
 Not recoverable on parol sale, 1 W. & S. 554. See 
 
 Frauds, Statute op. 
 Out of proceeds of sheriff's sale, 4 W. 465 ; 10 W. 434 ; 
 
 7 Barr 81; 12 H. 105; 10 C. 309, 328; 11 C. 524; 
 
 19 S. 471. 
 When to be tendered, 2 Y. 344; 1 S. & R. 80; 2 S. & 
 
 R. 352; 7 S. & R. 345; 8 S. & R. 381; 16 S. & R. 
 
 361, 425; 2 W. 132; 2 W. & S. 365; 2 H. 308; 5 
 
 Wr. 364; 7 Wr. 260; 10 Wr. 83; 11 Wr. 96. 
 Extinguishment of covenant for, 7 Wr. 453. 
 
 9. Security POR, 4 D. 320; 4 Y. 197, 201; 6 B. 118; 7 
 
 S. & R. 64, 76, 286, 293; 9 S. & R. 71; 1 P. & W. 
 484; 2 P. & W. Ill; 3 P. & W. 245; 2 W. 16; 4 W. 
 465; 6 W. 60; 7 W. 144. 147, 261; 8 W. 392; 9 W. 
 16,234; low. 434; 3 W'h. 20; 1 W. & S. 142; 3 W. 
 
 6 S. 56; 8 W. & S. 186, 304; 9 W. & S. 82; 1 Barr 
 386; 2 Barr 79; 5 Barr 418; 7 Barr 81; 8 Barr 164; 
 
PUECHASE-MONEY. 649 
 
 PURCHASE-MONEY— eowimteeof. 
 
 1 J. 79, 93,262; 3 H. 319; 8 H. 236, 240; 10 H. 41; 
 11 H. 110, 186, 477; 12 H. 105, 363, 398; 7 C. 293, 
 319; 8 C. 325; 10 0. 309; 11 C. 524; 7 Wr. 129; 10 
 Wr. 350; 13 Wr. 353; 20 S. 490. See Judgments; 
 Mortgages. 
 
 Parol explanation of bond and mortgage given to secure, 
 8 W. & S. 75. 
 
 10. Application of by vendok, 4 B. 104; 13 S. & R. 259; 
 
 2 Barr 360. 
 
 11. Lien op commonwealth foe, 1 P. & W. 417; 7 0. 
 
 416. 
 
 12. Lien against maeried women for,. 2 H. 540; 6 H. 
 
 79; 1 0. 181; 4 Wr. 146; 8 Wr. 193. 
 
 13. Retention of. 
 
 To meet encumbrances, 7 S. & R. 43; 13 S. & R. 165; 3 
 
 P.&W. 447; 7H. 64;6S.]03. 
 For breach of covenant, 2 S. 143. 
 For taxes, 15 S. &. R. 45. 
 For quit rent, 7 S. & R. 43. 
 
 14. Remedy to recover at law, 1 Y. 12; 1 S. & R. 42 ; 
 
 3 S. & R. 564; 7 S. & R. 63, 297; 9 S. & R. 156; 
 11 S. & R. 238; 16 S. & R. 98; 2 P. & W. 145; 
 2 W. 132; 4 W. 465; 5 W. 164, 476, 509; 6 W. 
 95, 163; 9 W. 266; 3 Wh. 18; 2 W. & S. 418; 3 W. 
 & S. 329, 447; 9 W. & S. 82; 5 Barr 500; 7 Barr 
 486; 12 H. 257; 1 S. 11. See Assumpsit; Eject- 
 ment. 
 
 15. In equity, 7 S. 468. 
 
 16. Forfeiture op, 15 S. & R. 12. 
 
 17. Who may sub for, 7 W. 227; 9 W. 266; 2 Barr 34; 
 
 5 Wr. 364; 8 Wr. 473; 10 Wr. 96; 1 S. 119. 
 Effect of action for on contract, 5 H. 379. 
 Plaintiff must show ability to give title, 2 S. & R. 498 ; 
 17 S. &R. 229; 3 R. 400. 
 
 18. Defence to action for. 
 
 For deficiency in quantity of land, 1 Y. 322 ; 5 B. 355 ; 
 6 B. 102 ; 1 S. & R. 166 ; -3 S. & R. 331 ; 6 S. & 
 R. 488; 9 S. & R. 80; 13 S. & R. 136, 143, 160 ; 
 14 S. & R. 293, 296; 15 S. & R. 45; 2 P. & W. 
 211, 533; 3 P. & W. 195; 4 W. 290 ; 6 W. 117 ; 7 
 W. & S. 201, 353 ; 6 Barr 128 ; 10 Barr 490; 6 H. 
 263; 7 H. 287; 12 H. 135; 8 C. 163; 1 Gr. 33. 
 
 For eviction, 7 S. & R. 43; 12 Wr. 107. 
 
650 PURCHASE-MONEY. 
 
 PURCHASE-MONEY— confzKMecZ. 
 
 For defect in title, 1 S. & R. 42, 438; 5 S. & R. 201; 7 
 
 S. & R. 42 ; 8 S. & R. 569 ; 2 R. 14 ; 3 P. & W. 
 
 450; 4 W. 290 ; 5 W. 325 ; 6 W. 499 ; 3 Wh. 589; 
 
 3 W. & S. 39, 393, 472 ; 5 W. & S. 51 ; 7 W. & S. 
 
 353 ; 2 Barr 34 ; 4 Barr 171 ; 9 Barr 37 ; 10 Barr 
 
 73 ; 1 H. 336, 340 ; 2 H. 331 ; 5 H. 379, 434 ; 8 H. 
 
 Ill ; 10 H. 84 ; 3 0. 172, 254, 418 ; 4 0. 124, 292 ; 
 
 11 C. 488; 2 Wr. 72; 10 Wr. 96, 229, 350; 12 
 
 Wr. 73, 107 ; 14 Wr. 513 ; 2 S. 413 ; 6 S. 103 ; 11 
 
 S. 382; 20 S. 83. 
 On account of encumbrances, 1 S. & R. 483 ; 5 S. & R. 
 
 201; 7 S. & R. 43; 9 S. & R. 222; 13 S. & R. 
 
 165, 368 ; 16 S. & R. 258, 261, 263 ; 1 R. 373, 377 ; 
 
 3 P. & W. 447 ; 1 W. 236 ; 2 W. 204, 256 ; 3 W. 
 
 60, 149; 9 W. 152 ; 5 Wh. 40 ; 1 W. & S. 480 ; 3 
 
 W. & S. 329, 390; 7 W. & S. 353, 454; 8 W. & S. 
 
 193 ; 7 Barr 117 ; 10 Barr 73 ; 2 H. 519 ; 2 0. 
 
 502; 4 0. 288; 7 S. 467; 8 S. 480; 20 S. 83. 
 For non-delivery of possession, 10 Barr 506 ; 7 S. 467 ; 
 
 17 S'. 74. 
 For -withholding muniments of title, 2 R. 14. 
 For non-performance of condition in contract, 6 S. & R. 
 
 171 ; 8 S. & R. 569; 10 S. & R. 290 ; 10 W. 297 ; 
 
 16 S. 348. 
 For loss in defending title, 15 S. & R. 45 ; 5 W. 179 ; 5 
 
 H. 456. 
 For misrepresentation, &c. in sale, 8 S. & R. 178 ; 4 W. 
 
 290; 3 W. & S. 329; 3 Barr 22 ; 17 S. 217. 
 In equity under plea of payment, 12 S. & R. 431; 14 
 
 Wr. 513; 16 S. 348. 
 For disturbance of possession by vendor, 3 W. & S. 329. 
 
 19. Intbkest on, 5 R. 257 ; 6 W. 207 ; 2 W. & S. 365 ; 2 Barr 
 
 122; 11 Wr. 353. 
 
 20. Defects in title aftbk suit, 5 H. 434. 
 
 21. Conditional verdict to enforce payment of, 3 Barr 
 
 171. See Conditional Verdict. 
 
 22. Judgment for. 
 Extinguishment of, 1 P. & W. 474. 
 
 Validity of as against mechanics' lien, 14 Wr. 258. 
 Validity of by married women, 2 H. 540 ; 6 H. 79 ; 1 C. 
 
 181 ; 4 Wr. 146. 
 Validity of as against legacy charged on land, 10 Wr. 
 
 165. 
 Interest on, 16 S. & R. 266 ; 6 W. 162, 207; 2 Barr 122; 
 
 9 H. 402 ; 11 Wr. 352. 
 
PURCHASE-MONEY— QUARTER SESSIONS. 651 
 
 PURCHASE-MONEY— coMimwed 
 
 Sale on execution under, 4 W. 465, 470 ; 5 W. 412 ; 10 
 
 W. 434 ; 7 Barr 81 ; 12 H. 105 ; 8 C. 281 ; 9 S. 436, 
 
 437. 
 Sale of portion of land bound by, 8 C. 279. 
 EiFect of sale on covenant for payment of residue, 7 Wr. 
 
 453. 
 Purchase by equitable vendee under junior lien, 2 J. 
 
 186. 
 
 23. PUBCHASER MUST PAY OR SURRENDER POSSESSION, 3 P. 
 
 & W. 447; 9 Barr 37. 
 
 24. On Orphans' Court sale. See Orphans' Court. 
 
 II. Of personal property. 
 
 Validity of lien for, against creditors, 5 S. & R. 277; 14 
 S. & R. 214; 1 Barr 190; 8 Wr. 431 ; 8 C. 12; 2 
 S. 408; 9 S. 469 ; 14 S. 499. See Sale. 
 
 PURCHASER. See Vendee. 
 QUANTUM MERUIT. See Assumpsit. 
 
 QUARANTINE. 
 
 Liability of underwriters for wages during, 4 D. 274. 
 Liability of boats in Chesapeake and Delaware Canal during, 
 4 Wh. 217. 
 
 QUARTER SESSIONS. 
 L Organization oe, 4 D. 318; 2 Barr 138, 244; 12 H. 182. 
 
 II. Jurisdiction oe offences, how ascertained, 2 C. 513. 
 
 III. Business of, must be done in open court, 12 H. 182. 
 
 IV. Power and authority of. 
 
 1. In criminal cases, 3 B. 577; 1 C. 221; 1 Gr. 218; 19 
 
 S. 286. 
 
 2. To compel support of insane paupers, 16 S. 18. 
 
 3. To take recognisance, 6 S. & R. 282. 
 
 4. In mandamus, 2 Gr. 214. 
 
 5. As to forfeited recognisances, 10 0. 165 ; 11 C. 
 
 416. 
 
 6. To amend record, 19 S. 286. 
 
 7. In road cases, 2 Wh. 392 ; 2 W. & S. 320 ; 3 W. & S. 
 
 559 ; 4 W. & S. 39 ; 5 W. & S. 200 ; 8 Barr 881 ; 9 
 Barr 217 ; 2 Wr. 368 ; 2 S. 161 ; 11 S. 423. See 
 Roads. 
 
 8. as to damages for opening streets in philadelphia, 
 
 11 S. 422, 424. See Philadelphia. 
 
652 QUARTEE SESSIONS— QUIT RENT. " 
 
 QUARTER SESSIONS— cow^mwed 
 
 9. As TO BOROUGHS, 8 W. 172; 12 0. 80; 1 Wr. 419; 12 
 Wr. 305; 2 Gr. 135; 3 Gr. 203. 
 
 10. As TO BRIDGES, 6 Wh. 363 ; 18 S. 427. 
 
 11. As TO STREETS, 14 S. & R. 447 ; 3 R. 195 ; 8 W. 127, 
 
 172; 5 W. & S. 200 ; 4 Barr 303 ; 8 Barr 89, 381 ; 4 
 Wr. 284 ; 11 Wr. 48J. 
 
 12. In pauper cases, 10 W. 360; 2 Barr 138; 6 H. 17; 12 
 
 H. 182 ; 8 Wr. 481 ; 12 Wr. 402 ; 14 Wr. 308 ; 16 S. 
 i8, 63. See Paupers. 
 
 13. In election cases. See Contested Elections. 
 
 14. To TRANSFER CASE TO OyBR AND TERMINER, 3 II. 95 ; 
 
 ,19 S. 286. 
 
 15. At ADJOURNED COURTS, 1 H. 627. 
 V. Judge of. 
 
 1. Not required to file opinion, 4 R. 192. 
 
 2. Power op in Philadelphia prior to Act of 1853, 12 
 
 H. 182. 
 
 VI. Clerk of. 
 
 Authority of, 12 H. 182. 
 
 VII. Enforcement of sentence of, 17 S. & R. 9. 
 
 VIII. Appeal from .decision of, 2 C. 284. See Appeal, 
 IX. 4. 
 
 QUIA EMPTORES. 
 
 Statute of, not in force here, 2 Y. 74; 2 B. 146; 1 Wh. 336 ; 
 8 Wr. 492. 
 
 QUI EACIT PER ALIUM EACIT PER SE. 
 Application of maxim, 3 Gr. 42 ; 19 S. 214. See Agent ; 
 Factor. 
 
 QUIA TIMET. 
 
 Application of principle of, to executors, 15 S. & R. 197. 
 
 QUIET ENJOYMENT. See Covenant; Deed; Lease. 
 
 QUIS QUOD SOLVITUR AD MODUM SOLVENTUS. 
 Application of maxim, 11 S. k R. 78. 
 
 QUI TAM ACTIONS. 
 Name used in, 8 W. & S. 342. 
 Amendment of, 2 D. 143. 
 Evidence in, 3 S. & R. 27. 
 
 QUIT RENT. 
 
 Deduction for from purchase-money, 7 S. & R. 43. 
 
QUOD EEOUPERIT— RAILROAD COMPANIES. 653 
 
 QUOD RECUPERIT. 
 Judgment of, 2 P. & W. 361. See Demurrer. 
 
 QUOD RESPONDEAT. 
 Judgment of, 2 P. & W. 361. 
 
 QUO WARRANTO. 
 
 Nature of writ, 1 S. & R. 382.; 2 R. 381; 2 J. 369; 6 S 
 
 270; 11 S. 488; 20 S. 465. 
 Power of court to issue, 4 B. 117 ; 3 S. & R. 52 ; 10 C. 283 
 
 6 S. 270. 
 When and in what case awarded, 2 D. 112 ; 3 D. 490 ; 4 D 
 
 229; 1 Y. 206; 2 Y. 429; 3S. &R. 29; 11 S. & R. 73 
 
 14 S. & R. 216; 15 S. & R. 127; 17 S. & R. 219 ; 5 R 
 
 75; 3Wh. 228; 2 W. & S. 407; 2 J. 369; 8 H. 185, 
 
 415; 2 C. 31; 4 0. 383; 8 0.478; 10 0. 283; 8 Wr 
 
 341; 9 Wr. 59; 11 Wr. 103; 3 S. 62; 6 S. 359; 14 S 
 
 339. 
 Parties to, 1 S. & R. 382 ; 7 S. & R. 386 ; 1 J. 61 ; 2 J. 365 
 
 8 H. 185, 415, 518; 7 Barr 34; 4 0. 391; 5 C. 129 ; 8 
 
 0. 478; 10 C. 283; 2 Gr. 392; 6 S. 270. 
 How obtained, 3 Y. 300 ; 14 S. & R. 216; 7 Barr 34; 8 H. 
 
 415; 2 J. 365; 9 Wr. 59. 
 Proceedings on. 
 
 Rule to show cause in, 2 J. 355. 
 
 Averments in, 2 W. & S. 407 ; 3 Wh. 228. 
 
 Pleas in, 3 Wh. 228; 6 Wh. 416; 1 J. 61; 4 0. 383, 
 391; 3S. 9, 62. 
 
 Amendment in, 3 Wh. 227; 4 C. 383. 
 
 Notice for order of service, 11 S. 488. 
 
 Hearing of, 3 Y. 300; 3 S. & R. 29; 6 Wh. 416. 
 
 Quashing writ, 2 J. 365; 4 C. 387; 14 S. 339. 
 
 Judgment in, 6 Wh. 416. 
 
 Attachment in, 2 0. 42. 
 
 Sequestration in, 2 0. 42. 
 
 Writ of error in, 6 Wh. 416. 
 
 RAILROAD COMPANIES. 
 
 I. Power to incorporate, discussed, 5 Wh. 25. 
 
 II. Municipal subscription to, 3 C. 383; 8 0. 141, 144; 9 
 
 H. 147, 189; 1 Wr. 413; 4 Wr. 227 ; 5 Wr. 278 ; 7 Wr. 
 391, 400 ; 12 Wr. 89. 
 
 III. Charter of. 
 
 1. As to gauge, 3 S. 62. 
 
 2. As to termination, 3 S. 62. 
 
 3. Surrender op, 6 C. 42. 
 
654 KAILKOAD COMPANIES. 
 
 EAILROAD GOMV AmES— continued. 
 
 4. EePBCT of on private EAILROAD, 20 S. 210. 
 
 5. Effect of repeal of on land covered by, 3 S. 477. 
 
 6. Transfer of to private persons, 6 S. 413. 
 
 7. Consolidation of, 7 Wr. 365 ; 3 S. 9, 20. 
 
 IV. Stock of. 
 
 1. Subscription to, 5 Wr. 54, 278. See Subscription. 
 
 2. Conversion of bonds into, 11 Wr. 16; 13 Wr. 270. 
 
 3. Increase of under Acts of 1865 and 1867, 8 S. 330. 
 
 4. Constitutionality op municipal subscription for, 9 
 
 H. 147, 188, 189; 6 Wr. 278; 7 Wr. 400. 
 
 5. Enforcement of, 7 Wr. 400. 
 
 6. Conditional, 1 Wr. 413; 4 Wr. 237; 5 Wr. 54; 12 
 
 Wr. 29. 
 
 7. Cancellation of, 12 Wr. 29. 
 
 V. Bonds op. 
 
 1. Negotiability of, 8 Wr. 63. 
 
 2. Conversion of into stock, 11 Wr. 16; 13 Wr. 270. 
 
 3. Rights of holder op, 13 Wr. 261 ; 4 S. 127. 
 
 4. Interest on where payable, 11 Wr. 76. 
 
 5. Relief against in equity, 11 Wr. 367. 
 
 6. As SECURITY FOR LAND DAMAGES, 6 Wr. 303. 
 
 7. Action on, 4 S. 127. 
 
 VI. Mortgage. 
 
 1. Validity of, 9 C. 33; 13 S. 127; 14 S. 367. 
 
 2. What covered by, 14 S. 366; 15 S. 278. 
 
 VII. Rights of. 
 
 1. As TO location and construction of road. 
 
 Generally, 9 W. 458 ; 3 W. & S. 464; 7 H. 217 ; 9 H. 
 
 127; 9 C. 175; 4 S. 28, 345; 5 S. 128; 6 S. 325, 
 
 413, 445; 14 S. 137. 
 To remove dwelling houses from selected route, 2 H. 241. 
 To occupy streets in towns, 6 Wh. 25, 43 ; 4 H. 192, 193 ; 3 
 
 C. 354; 5 S. 340; 6 S. 325; 8 S. 249. See Streets. 
 To occupy public highways, 3 C. 339. 
 To land within their track, 7 H. 298. 
 To connect with other roads, 9 H. 9, 117; 2 Wr. 361; 11 
 
 Wr. 325, 329 ; 8 S. 45. 
 To purchase and use other railroads, 3 C. 380. 
 To hold lands appurtenant to railroad, 3 Wr. 337; 11 
 
 Wr. 465 ; 9 S. 23. 
 
EAILROAD COMPANIES. 655 
 
 RAILROAD COMVA'NlES—co7itinued. 
 
 To enter on lands for use of road, 3 Wh. 501, 554; 4 Wh. 
 
 47; 8 W. & S. 459; 2 Barr 398; 3 Wr. 387. 
 To make experimental surveys, 2 Gr. 137. 
 To construct branch roads, 12 Wr. 355. 
 To take land for warehouse, 9 S. 23. 
 To lay down rails on leased land, 12 S. 68. 
 Who may complain of location of railroad, 6 S. 326. 
 What are necessary parts of, 6 Barr 70 ; 2 0. 242 ; 6 
 
 Wr. 428 ; 9 S. 28. 
 Under special contract with land owner, 5 S. 128. 
 Where waiver of land damages is averred, 5 S. 129. 
 Acquisition of by use, 9 S. 290. 
 As vendee of Commonwealth, 11 Wr. 325. 
 Where rights are conflicting, 7 H. 216. 
 Conveyance to, construed, 2 W. & S. 74; 2 0. 355. 
 Interest in land used for, only an easement, 8 H. 204; 2 0. 
 
 360; llWr. 468; 14 Wr. 436 ; 5S.29; 9 S. 290. 
 Not liable to sale on execution, 13 S. & R. 210; 2 W. & 
 
 S. 548 ; 5 W. & S. 265; 9 W. & S. 27 ; 8 H. 200; 
 
 3 0. 315; 3 Wr. 339. 
 Contract for building, construed, 4 W. &'S. 205 ; 4 H. 
 
 469, 480; 9 0. 530; 1 S. 298; 2 S. 214; 16 S. 
 
 102. 
 
 2. As TO USB OF ROAD. 
 
 Exclusively, 9 H. 23; IS. 469; 12 S. 218. 
 
 As to running of trains, 11 Wr. 300 ; 9 S. 259. 
 
 For freights, 10 Wr. 211; 11 Wr. 388; 2 S. 250; 4 S. 
 
 310. 
 For passengers, 1 Wr. 420; 7 Wr. 449. 
 Not a nuisance per se, 1 0. 16; 6 S. 320. 
 
 3. As TO DEPOT AND PLATFOEM OF, 9 S. 129, 141 ; 12 S. 218. 
 
 VIII. Duties of. 
 
 1. As to condition of road, 1 J. 141. 
 As to crossings, 6 S. 280. 
 
 As to repairing street under track, 12 Wr. 320. 
 
 As to fencing, 7 H. 298; 16 S. 164. 
 
 As to care of passengers, 20 S. 357. Seejoost, IX. 2. 
 
 2. In USB OF road. 
 
 For freights, 6 0. 234, 242, 454 ; 7 0. 358, 372 ; 10 Wr. 
 
 211 ; 11 Wr. 338. 
 For passengers, 8 0. 292; 9 C. 318; 1 Wr. 420; 7 Wr. 
 
 449; 3 S. 512; 6 S. 294. 
 As to condition and management of engines, 2 S. 379 ; 4 
 
 S. 345. 
 As to condition of passenger cars, 9 H. 208. 
 As to transportation of employees, 9 S. 239. 
 
656 RAILEOAD COMPANIES. 
 
 RAILROAD COMPANIES— cowfmMfic?. 
 IX. Liability of. ^ 
 
 1. For land taken for use op road, 7 S. & R. 411; 16 
 
 S. & R. 40; 1 W. & S. 346, 352; 3 W. & S. 365, 
 460 ; 4 W. & S. 362 ; 6 W. & S. 101, 114 ; 8 W. & S. 
 85, 459 ; 9 W. & S. 121 ; 1 Barr 301 ; 8 Barr 366 ; 2 
 H. 65 ; 4 H. 182, 195 ; 5 H. 524 ; 8 H. 95, 241 ; 9 
 H. 100 ; 9 0. 175 ; 1 Wr. 333, 469, 480 ; 4 Wr. 53, 
 377; 6 Wr. 303; 8 Wr. 418; 9 Wr. 339; 10 Wr. 521 
 11 Wr. 28, 428 ; 2 Gr. 243 ; 4 S. 144 ; 5 S. 340 ; 9 S 
 24 ; 12 S. 68. 
 
 2. For damages consequent on location and construe 
 
 TiON OF road, 14 S. & R. 71; 9 W. 59; 6 Wh. 95; 6 
 W. & S. 101 ; 8 W. & S. 85 ; 6 Barr 379 ; 2 H. 65 
 9 C. 175, 181; 2 Wr. 281; 6 S. 326,445. 
 
 3. Proceedings to ascertain and recover land damages 
 Action at common law inadmissible, 9 S. 23. 
 Limitation to proceeding for, 10 H. 29; 11 S. 369; 16 
 
 S. 404. 
 Who may apply for, 4 Wh. 91 ; 7 H. 134; 10 H. 29; 
 
 1 C. 229, 336; 2 C. 238; 6 C. 371; 2 Gr. 243; 
 
 4 S. 144; 6 S. 340; 11 S. 369 ; 16 S. 425. 
 Tender of compensation, 2 Gr. 32. 
 Bond to secure, 6 Wr. 303. 
 Release of, 4 Wr. 53 ; 4 S. 144 ; 11 S. 369. 
 Petition for jury to assess, 7 W. 333; 3 Barr 331 ; 9 H. 
 
 100; 2 C. 238; 3 0. 281; 5 0. 165; 3 S. 445; 11 
 
 S. 369 ; 16 S. 404. 
 Affidavit to petition, 1 C. 445 ; 3 C. 281. 
 Notice of application, 3 Barr 331 ; 9 H. 100. 
 Selection of jury, 3 Barr 331; 10 H. 356; 5 S. 318; 12 
 
 S. 68. 
 Declaration in unnecessary, 4 C. 303. 
 Duty of jury, 3 Barr 331 ; 10 H. 356 ; 5 S. 318 ; 12 S. 68. 
 Evidence before jury, 7 W. & S. 236 ; 3 Barr 331 ; 8 
 
 Barr 366 ; 4 0. 206 ; 4 Wr. 53 ; 10 Wr. 520 ; 4 S. 144. 
 Measure of damages, 7 S. & R. 411 ; 4 R. 23; 8 W. 243; 
 
 4 Wh. 47; 6 Wh. 25; 1 W. & S. 346; 4 W. & S. 
 
 362 ; 6 W. & S. 114 ; 8 W. & S. 85 ; 9 W. & S. 121 ; 
 
 3 Barr 331; 1 C. 336; 3 C. 99; 4 C. 20.3, 206; 9 
 
 0. 57, 175, 426, 427, 432 ; 1 Wr. 469, 480 ; 4 Wr. 
 
 53, 381 ; 6 Wr. 303 ; 7 AYr. 495 ; 8 Wr. 418 ; 9 Wr. 
 
 339 ; 10 Wr. 521 ; 11 Wr. 28, 30, 428, 434; 2 Gr. 
 
 32; 1 S. 87, 90; 6 S. 445, 460; 10 S. 374; 11 S. 
 
 369, 380 ; 16 S. 540 ; 17 S. 300; 20 S. 357. 
 As to prospective damages, 8 Barr 366; 11 H. 373; 3 
 C. 99;4C. 203, 206; 10 S. 375. 
 
RAILROAD COMPANIES. 657 
 
 RAILROAD COM'PAmES— continued. 
 
 For injury to water power, 12 C. 194 ; 5 S. 128 ; 13 S. 
 
 475. 
 For cost of fencing road, 11 S. 369. 
 Report of viewers on assessment of damages, 3 Wh. 554, 
 
 561 ; 4 Wh. 47 ; 2 H. 245 ; 9 H. 100 ; 1 C. 336, 
 
 394, 445 ; 2 C. 238 ; 5 C. 165 ; 11 Wr. 428 ; 2 Gr. 
 
 32 ; 3 Gr. 281 ; 5 S. 318 ; 11 S. 369 ; 16 S. 425. 
 Confirmation of report, 5 Wh. 460 ; 7 C. 19; 8 S. 408. 
 Enforcement of award, 7 C. 19 ; 2 Gr. 137. 
 Costs of proceeding, 9 W. 272 ; 2 Wh. 275. 
 Appeal from award, 7 Wr. 361; 9 Wr. 339, 495; 5 S. 
 
 123, 126; 11 S. 369. 
 Change of venue in, 8 W. 450; 6 C. 517 ; 7 Wr. 361. 
 Form of verdict on, 11 Wr. 428; 6 S. 460; 11 S. 369. 
 Interest on, 8 H. 240 : 3 S. 445 ; 8 S. 408 ; 11 S. 369. 
 When title vests under, 6 W. & S. 114; 1 Barr 309, 
 
 314; 10 Barr 93 ; 5 H. 524; 8 H. 200; 11 Wr. 
 
 255; 9 S. 296; 16 S. 404. 
 Review of in Supreme Court. 7 S. & R. 411 ; 3 Wh. 554; 
 
 7 H. 363 ; 8 H. 240; 9 H. 100 ; 2 C. 239 ; 9 Wr. 
 
 339,405; 2 Gr. 32; 3 S. 445. 
 For constructing insuiScient culverts, 6 S. 441. 
 To injunction for entering on land before compensation, 
 
 3 Wh. 503; 5 S. 128. 
 To action of trespass, 3 Wh. 256 ; 3 W. & S. 460 ; 1 J. 
 
 177, 178; 11 H. 372; 2 C. 356; 16 S. 404. 
 To ejectment by land owner, 8 Wr. 418 ; 16 S. 404. 
 To scire fticias on judgment for land damages, 9 S. 290, 
 
 297. 
 For municipal claims, 9 C. 41. 
 
 To contractor for work done, 12 Wr. 161; 16 S. 102. 
 To contractor for suspending work, 12 Wr. 161. 
 For not repairing street under track, 12 Wr. 320. 
 
 3. For injuey done ix use of uoad. 
 
 Obstructing streets, 12 H. 465; 7 C. 372; 12 Wr. 53. 
 
 Injury to or death of passenger, 4 W. & S. 179 ; 8 Barr 
 471): 9 H. 203; 11 H. 147, 526; 6 C. 234,242; 7 
 C. 872; 9 C. 318; 12 C. 298; 1 Wr. 420; 6 Wr. 
 365; 7 Wr. 440; 8 Wr. 60, 175; 10 Wr. 151; 11 
 Wr. 244 ; 12 Wr. 320 ; 14 Wr. 490 ; 1 S. 315, 322 ; 
 2 S. 282, 382; 3 S. 512; 4 S. 375, 495; 5 S. 288, 
 396,499; 6 S. 294; 7 S. 335; 14 S. 425; 17 S. 300. 
 
 Injurv to or death of employee, 11 H. 384; 1 Wr. 420; 
 2 Wr. 104; 6 Wr. 365; 7 Wr. 449; 8 Wr. 175; 13 
 Wr. 186; 3 S. 453; 5 S. 288, 460; 19 S. 210. 
 
 42 
 
658 RAILROAD COMPANIES— EAPE. 
 
 RAILROAD GOMVAmES— continued. 
 
 Injury within line of track, 4 Wh. 143 ; 1 J. 141 ; 7 H. 
 298 ; 12 H. 461 ; 6 C. 455; 7 0. 358 ; 1 Wr. 420 ; 
 
 6 Wr. 493; 7 Wr. 449; 8 Wr. 175, 875; 10 Wr. 
 316; 11 Wr. 244, 300; 12 Wr. 320; 13 Wr. 60, 
 101, 103, 186; 1 S. 240; 3 S. 250; 4 S. 192: 5 
 S. 499; 6 S. 280; 7 S. 173, 187, 330: 12 S. 320; 
 15 S. 272, 273; 16 S. 30, 393; 17 S. 311; 19 S. 
 210. 
 
 Injury by fire, 8 Barr 366; 11 H. 373; 3 C. 99; 8 C. 
 
 414; 2 S. 379; 4 S. 345; 12 S. 353. 
 For conduct of employees, 8 Barr 366, 483 ; 7 H. 298; 
 
 11 H. 273, 384; 12 H. 469; 6 C. 242; 7 C. 358; 
 
 IGr. 329; 2 S. 382 ; 3 S. 453 ; 5S. 465; 19 S. 
 
 210. 
 Who are employees of, 10 Wr. 151 ; 1 S. 475 ; 2 S. 382 : 
 
 7 S. 339; 9 S. 239, 247. 
 
 For loss of baggage, 9 Wr. 208. See Baggage. 
 
 For goods stolen or lost, 6 Wh. 505; 4 H. 68. See 
 
 Carriers. 
 How relieved from by special contract, 8 Barr 479; 12 
 
 H. 470; 8 C. 414; 2 S. 382. 
 
 4. For injury from use of steam whistles, 9 S. 269. 
 
 5. To SALE OF ROLLING STOCK AND EQUIPMENTS ON EXECU- 
 
 TION, 3 Gr. 384. 
 
 6. To TAXATION, 8 W. & S. 334; 6 Barr 70; 2 0. 242 ; 3 
 
 0. 380; 5 C. 370; 2 S. 140; 16 S. 63, 73. See 
 Taxation. • 
 
 RAILROADS. 
 
 Are public highways, 12 H. 465 ; 13 S. 18. 
 
 Use of not a nuisance per se, 1 0. 16 ; 6 S. 320. 
 
 Connections of defined, 3 S. 20. 
 
 Sale of under mortgage, 15 S. 278. 
 
 Pass as appurtenance of ironworks, 9 Wr. 475. 
 
 Sale of on execution v. the corporation, 9 W. & S. 29; 11 
 
 Wr. 465; 9 S. 290; 15 S. 278. 
 Duty of car owners on, 13 S. 18. 
 Lease of, construed, 4 Wr. 447 ; 3 S. 20 ; 15 S. 205. See 
 
 Passenger Railroad Companies. 
 
 RAPE. 
 
 1. Assault with intent to commit, 11 S. & R. 177. 
 
 2. Burglary with intent to commit, 1 Gr. 484. 
 
 3. Murder in attempt to commit, 1 Gr. 484. 
 
 4. Indictment for, 5 S. & R. 545 ; 12 S. & R. 69 ; 2 Gr. 385. 
 
RAPE— KEAL PROPERTY. 659 
 
 RAPE — continued. 
 5. Sentence for, on conviction, 1 C. 9. 
 
 RATES OF EXCHANGE. See Bills and Notes. 
 
 RATIFICATION. 
 
 Of acts of agent. See Agent, II. 
 
 Of contract. See Contract, II. 5. 
 
 Of sale by action for purchase-money, 5 H. 379. 
 
 Of fraudulent deed or bond, 4 S. & R. 483 ; 8 W. & S. 31, 
 
 36; 6 Wr. 143; 7 Wr. 67; 8 Wr. 9; 17 S. 217, 
 
 391 ; 19 S. 81, 88. 
 Of lease by agent, 3 W. 129. 
 Of invalid sheriff's sale, 7 Wr. 226. 
 Of amicable partition, 19 S. 449. 
 Of payment, 1 Barr 156 ; 11 H. 24. 
 Of acts of co-executor, 2 S. & R. 534 ; 2 J. 71. 
 Of will by acceptance of legacy. See Acceptance 3. 
 Of acts of partner, 5 W. 159; 6 W. & S. 165; 6 C. 84. 
 
 See Partners. 
 
 READING CITY. 
 
 1. Rights of, to subscribe for railroad stock. See 
 
 Railroad Company 12. 
 
 2. Power of, as to grading streets in, 11 S. 233. 
 
 READING RAILROAD COMPANY. 
 
 1. Charter of, as to tolls and transportation, 4 S. 310. 
 
 2. As TO SIDINGS AND BRANCHES, 8 S. 249. 
 
 3. As TO RIGHTS ON Broad Street, 8 S. 253. 
 
 "READY AND WILLING TO PERFORM." 
 Meaning of, in contract, 12 Wr. 291. 
 
 REAL. 
 
 Action. See Actions. 
 
 Owner. See Foreign Attachment. 
 
 Plaintiff. See Equitable Plaintiff. 
 
 REAL ESTATE BROKER. 
 
 1. Definition of, 2 0; 138. 
 
 2. Is agent of vendor, 4 S. 394. 
 
 3. Commissions of, 4 S. 394; 14 S. 223. 
 
 REAL PARTIES. 
 
 Court bound to take notice of, 1 Y. 21. 
 
 REAL PROPERTY. 
 
 What is, 4 W. 341; 7 W. 106, 378 ; 3 W. & S. 456 ; 3 H, 
 507; 9 Wr. 42, 121, 455; 10 Wr. 67; 3 S. 271. See 
 Fixtures; Mortgage. 
 
660 REAL PROPERTY— RECEIPT. 
 
 REAL FUOFERTY— continued. 
 
 What words in will, will pass, 6 Wh. 236, 247. 
 Held by partners. See Partnership Property. 
 Transfer of governed by lex loci, 6 W. 278. 
 Advancement to heir in. See Apvancement. 
 Right of lien creditors to. See Levy on Real Estate. 
 Purchase of by guardian. See Guardian. 
 
 REASONABLE DILIGENCE. 
 What constitutes, 9 S. 167. 
 
 REASONABLE NOTICE. See Notice. 
 
 "REASONABLE TIME." 
 In will, 9 S. 313. 
 
 REBELLION. 
 
 1. Notice of protest excused by reason of, 12 Wr. 261. 
 
 2. Power of United States Government to restrict 
 
 transportation of goods during, 9 S. 32. 
 
 REBUTTAL. ^See Evidence ; Presumption. 
 
 RECAPTION. 
 
 Of goods under levy, 6 Barr 460. 
 
 RECEIPT. 
 I. Of money. 
 
 1. Proof of, 1 B. 150, 234 ; 6 B. 16 ; 3 S. & R. 278, 355 ; 
 
 4 S. & R. 561; 7 S. & R. 116 ; 9 S. & R. 385 ; 11 S. & 
 R. 325 ; 12 S. & R. 42, 131 ; 13 S. & R. 98, 392 ; 14 S. 
 &R. 196; 15 S. &R. 77; 16 S. & R. 115; 1 R. 349; 
 3 R. 472; 3 P. & W. 243, 293 ; 4 W. 46, 359 ; 8 W. 
 39 ; 2 Wh. 340 ; 5 Barr 145 ; 7 Barr 154 ; 9 Barr 375 ; 
 6 H. 190; 8 C. 423, 486; 7 Wr. 260; 12 Wr. 130. 
 
 2. By attorney AT LAW, 7 S. 152. See Attorney at law. 
 
 3. By agent or factor, 2 B. 325; 12 S. & H. 35; 4 Wh. 
 
 426; 5H. 157. ^ee Agent. 
 
 4. By married women, 7 H. 194. See Married Women. 
 
 5. By public officer, 1 B. 150; 5 W. & S. 60. See 
 Officer, II. 
 
 6. Production of, 15 S. & R. 77. 
 
 7. Presumption, when "in full," 7 S. 388. 
 
 8. Explanation of by parol, 3 S. & R. 355 ; 10 S. & R. 
 
 314; 16 S. &R. 129; 1 P. & W. 222; 6 W. 69 ; 1 W. 
 & S. 321 ; 5 Barr 151 ; 8 Barr 260, 264; 2 J. 235; 1 
 H. 46, 60; 8 H. 177; 12 H. 424; 7 C. 270; 2 
 Wr. 294; 9 S. 59; 15 S. 9,15. 
 
RECEIPT— RECITAL IN DEEDS. 661 
 
 RECEIPT— continued. 
 
 9. Of note to be " in full when paid," eeffct of, 15 S. 
 R. 114. 
 
 10. In deed for purchase-money, effect of. See Deed, V. 
 
 11. Admissibility OF in evidence, 4 B. 150; 8 S. & R. 
 
 268, 402 ; 11 S. & R. 178 ; 12 S. & R. 35 ; 13 S. & 
 R. 107; 14 S. & R. 212; 1 W. 312; 2 W. 180; 4 W. 
 292, 424; 7 W. 209, 289; 6 Wh. 453; 5 H. 77 ; 4 
 C. 124, 231, 419 ; 9 C. 235 ; 1 Wr. 187 ; 2 Wr. 294 ; 
 7 S. 398; 12 S. 63. 
 
 12. Only secondary evidence, 2 W. 180; 12 S. 63. 
 
 13. When evidence of payment on account, 1 Wr. 187 ; 
 
 S. 63. 
 
 14. Estoppel by, 15 S. 224. 
 II. Of goods. 
 
 Proof of, 1 B. 234. See Sales. 
 
 RECEIVER. 
 
 1. Appointment of equivalent to injunction, 10 S. 172. 
 
 2. In bankruptcy. See Bankruptcy. 
 
 3. In partnership. See Partnership. 
 
 4. Of corporation assets, 13 Wr. 310. 
 
 5. Judgment in action against, 2 C. 235. 
 
 6. Property in hands of, not subject to execution, 16 S. 
 
 160. 
 
 7. Action by, 8 Wr. 294. 
 
 8. Of taxes in Philadelphia. 
 
 Power of to bind city for advertising, 11 Wr. 21. 
 
 9. Of public money. 
 
 Basis of responsibility of, 3 Barr 372. 
 10. Of rents of estate of decedent, 10 S. 172. 
 
 RECITAL IN DEEDS. 
 
 When part of a description of property, 19 S. 342. 
 
 When not a memorandum within Statute of Frauds, 9 Wr. 468. 
 
 In assignment for creditors, 1 B. 502. 
 
 In bond of indemnity, 14 Wr. 17. 
 
 1. Effect of general words, 8 Barr 359. 
 
 2. When evidence of outstanding title, 1 Gr. 243. 
 
 3. Estoppel by. See Estoppel. 
 
 4. Evidence of what, 4 B. 314 ; 9 W. 367 ; 3 W. & S. 314 ; 
 
 7 Wr. 260 ; 6 S. 132. 
 
6G2 KECITAL IN DEEDS— KECOaNISANCE. 
 
 RECITAL IN BEEBS— continued. 
 
 5. Admissibility op in evidence, 1 D. 67 ; 1 Y. 500; 2 Y. 
 86; 4 Y. 577; 1 B. 502; 3 B. 375; 4 B. 231, 314; 6 B. 
 416; 1 W. & S. 328; 6 W. & S. 469; 8 W. & S. 192; 6 
 Barr 239, 254 ; 5 C. 139. 
 ■6. Legal effect of, 1 P. & W. 402; 7 W. 410; 9 W. 363, 
 368; 7 Barr 185; 6 C. 451; 9 Wr. 468; 11 Wr. 411; 
 14 Wr. 17. 
 
 7. When notice, 2 W. 401; 6 C. 393. 
 
 8. False, when not proof of fraud. 9 W. 567. 
 
 9. In bond for delivery of goods taken in execution, 1 
 
 S. 366. 
 
 10. In charter, 10 S. & R. 269. 
 
 11. In mortgage, 11 W. 411; 6 Barr 254; 5 C. 375. 
 
 12. In notice to quit, 2 S. & R. 14. 
 
 13. In patent. 
 
 Admissibility of in evidenoe, 4 Y. 262; 2 B. 455; 4 B. 
 213, 231; 2 S. & R. 850, 455; 4 S. & R. 174, 290, 
 348; 2 W. 478; 1 W. & S. 326; 4 Barr 28; 5 Barr 
 329; 7H. 38. 
 
 When notice, 2 B. 455; 13 Wr. 223. 
 
 14. In release. See Release. 
 
 15. In warrant, 3 Y. 287. 
 
 16. In will, 3 W. 449 ; 5 C. 221. 
 
 RECLAMATION. 
 
 1. Op personal property. 
 
 In default of payment, 1 H. 149; 9 H. 359, 372; 7 C. 
 325; 2 Gr. 199. *S'e« Sales. 
 
 RECOaNISANCE. 
 
 I. In Orphans' Court. See Partition. 
 
 II. Of bail. 
 
 1. General rules relative to, 2 B. 431; 5 B. 461; 1 
 
 S. & R. 497; 4 S. & R. 261; 7 S. & R. 273; 10 S. & 
 R. 325; 13 S. & R. 195; 17 S. & R. 282; 1 P. & W. 
 9, 149; 2 P. & W. 432; 3 P. & W. 525; 3 W. 333 ; 
 5 Wh. 361; 1 W. & S. 365; 6 Barr 198; 1 J. 293; 12 
 H. 69; 2 Wr. 500; 5 Wr. 473. 
 
 2. Under Act of 1810, sections 2 and 8, 3 P.& W. 525. 
 
 3. Illegal, 14 S. & R. 181 ; 12 S. 56. 
 
 4. In whose name, 5 S. & R. 154; 1 H. 561; 6 H. 343. 
 
 5. By whom taken, 2 D. 122 ; 3 Y. 93 ; 6 B. 461; 13 S. 
 
 &R. 254; 1 W. &S. 139. 
 
RECOGNISANCE— RECOMMITMENT. 663 
 
 RECOGNISANCE— confrnwet^. 
 
 6. Voluntary, validity op, 2 D. 123. 
 
 7. Informal, validity of, 1 Wr. 177; 3 Gr. 314; I S. 
 
 85. 
 
 8. Joint and several, I W. & S. 865; 12 S. 55. 
 
 9. Amendment of, 4 Y. 459. See Amendment. 
 
 10. Justification of bail in, 5 B. 461. 
 
 11. Effect of on cognizor, 1 D. 131, 135 ; 2 D. 122 ; 1 
 
 Y. 55, 67, 349; 4 Y. 14, 308; 1 Wr. 177. 
 
 12. Record of, 2 R. 206 ; 3 H. 272. 
 
 13. Lien of, 1 D. 131, 185; 4 Y. 14, 808. 
 
 14. Power of court over, 1 B. 97 ; 4 W. & S. 362. 
 
 15. Power of governor over, 9 "VV. 142. 
 
 16. Discharge of, 2 P. & W. 240. 
 
 17. Performance of condition in, 3 P. & W. 525. 
 
 18. Presumption as to payment of, 6 W. 112. 
 
 19. Respite of, effect of, 12 S. 55. 
 
 20. Right of sureties in, 4 Y. 98. 
 
 21. Forfeiture of, 2 Y. 287, 352, 418 ; 3 Y. 93, 98 ; 8 S. 
 
 & R. 155; 9 S. & R. 404; 10 S. & R. 355; 2 R. 200; 
 
 3 Gr. 314; 11 S. 495; 12 S. 55. 
 Proof of, 3 H. 272. 
 Remittal of, in Common Pleas, 12 S. 56. 
 
 22. Under Landlord and Tenant Act, 10 H. 33. 
 
 28. For stay of execution, 2 P. & W. 439 ; 2 H. 55. 
 
 24. Action on, 2 Y. 862; 3 Y. 93, 99. 100; 4 Y. 14 ; 8 S. 
 & R. 151 ; 4 W. 169, 180; 6 Barr 198 ; 1 H. 561 ; 12 
 H. 69. 
 For whose benefit, 2 C. 165. 
 Declaration in, 17 S. & R. 424 ; 4 W. 169. 
 Within AflBdavit of Defence Law, 8 W. 367. 
 Evidence in, 3 Y. 100, 129 ; 2 B. 430 ; 9 S. & R. 404 ; 
 10 S. & R. 855 ; 18 S. & R. 254 ; 1 W. & S. 430, 
 448; 4 W. & S. 38; 7 W. & S. 117, 469; 4 Barr 
 339 • 12 S 56 
 Defence to, 15 S. & R. 23 ; 4 W. 169. 
 Verdict in, omission cured by, 17 S. & R. 424. 
 Distribution of proceeds, 6 S. & R. 413. 
 
 RECOMMENDATION. 
 In will, effect of, 5 H. 268. 
 
 RECOMMITMENT. 
 
 After discharge on habeas corpus, 1 B. 374. 
 
664 RECONCILIATION— RECORDS. 
 
 KECONCILIATION. See Divorce. 
 
 RECORDER. 
 
 I. Of deeds. 
 
 1. Selection of, 4 Wh. 186. 
 
 2. Right op. 
 
 To compensation for office rent, 4 S. & R. 443. 
 To compensation, 4 R. 162. 
 
 3. Liability of. 
 
 For taking illegal fees, 4 R. 162; 5 H. 248. 
 For erroneous certificate of liens, 5 W. & S. 21. 
 
 II. Of Philadelphia. 
 
 1. Not a judge under the constitution, 4 D. 229; 8 Y. 
 
 310, 314. 
 
 2. Is, EX-OFFICIO, A JUSTICE OF THE PEACE, 3 Y. 314; 3 
 
 H. 272. 
 
 3. May hold office under United States, 3 Y. 314. 
 
 RECORDING ACTS. 
 
 Rule as to notice before passage of, 5 B. 154. 
 
 Object of, 8 H. 260. 
 
 What and who are within, 1 D. 69; 4 Y. Ill, 112; 2 B. 46: 
 4 B. 140; 4 R. 242, 440; 5 W. 77; 10 W. 13; 3 W. & 
 S. 45, 334; 7 W. & S. 14, 403; 1 Barr 493; 9 Barr 
 406; 1 H. 292; 6 H. 394; 7 H. 64; 11 H. 421; 9 Wr. 
 176; 11 Wr. 96 ; 6 S. 57. See Deeds, VIII. 4. 
 
 RECORDS. 
 
 1. What are, 2 B. 209 ; 4 B. 496 ; 8 S. & R. 207 ; 8 S. & R. 
 
 243; 9 S. & R. 87; 13 S. & R. 339; 3 R. 281; 1 W. & 
 S. 240; 3 W. & S. 91; 2 H. 20; 6 H. 78; 8 H. 178; 
 10 H. 47; 12 H. 47; 11 C. 485; 4 Wr. 213; 9 Wr. 
 892; 1 S. 882; 13 S. 299. 
 
 2. Manner of keeping, 3 D. 177. 
 
 8. Proof of existence of, 1 D. 65; 1 W. 425; 1 C. 200; 
 9 Wr. 193. 
 
 4. Proof of contents of, 2 S. 492. 
 
 5. Presumption IN FAVOR of, 3 Wh. 190; 8 Wr. 131; 9 
 
 Wr. 193 ; 2 Gr. 206. 
 
 6. Amendment of, 5 Wh. 67; 1 Barr 320; 2 H. 842. See 
 
 Amendment. 
 
 7. Lost, how supplied, 2 R. 232 ; 3 Wh. 190; 4 Wr. 151. 
 
 8. Power of court over, 6 W. 511; 8 W. 135, 186, 160; 
 
 2 Wh. 468; 1 Barr 320 ; 2 H. 342; 2 Gr. 411. 
 
RECORDS— REDEMPTION. 665 
 
 nECORBS^continued. 
 
 9. Contradiction of, 1 W. 425 ; 1 C. 185. 
 
 10. Transcript of, 2 H. 20. 
 
 11. How AFFECTED BY PAROL, 2 D. 125; 4 S. & R. 246; 7 
 
 S. & R. 208, 471; 8 S. & R. 354; 9 S. & R. 424; 11 
 S. & R. 123, 437 ; 12 S. & R. 171 ; 13 S. & R. 254; 14 
 S. & R. 173; 2 R. 163; 8 W. 166; 1 W. & S. 438; 2 
 W. & S. 318 ; 2 Barr 448; 5 Ban- 305 ; 8 Barr 157 ; 1 
 C. 323; 6 Wr. 320; 7 Wr. 278; 9 Wr. 193; 12 Wr. 
 521; 13 Wr. 346; 1 S. 387. 
 
 12. Notice given by, 17 S. & R. 70; 9 W. 500; 6 Wh. 357. 
 
 13. Erasure in, 1 Gr. 437. 
 
 14. Admissibility of in evidence, 3 Y. 128; 3 S. & R. 135; 
 
 4 S. & R. 206; 7 S. & R. 106 ; 8 S. & R. 299, 351 ; 12 
 S. & R. 203; 13 S. & R. 135, 254, 334; 14 S. & R. 
 158, 388, 485 ; 16 S. & R. 106; 1 R. 223; 2 R. 206, 
 232; 4 R. 440 ; 1 P. & W. 389; 2 P. & W. 198 ; 10 W. 
 63 ; 2 Wh. 269 ; 1 W. & S. 860 ; 7 W. & S. 204, 211; 
 9W. &S. 593; 2 J. 103; 5H. 845, 353; 12 H. 47 ; 
 11 C. Ill ; 4 Wr. 151, 178 ; 5 Wr. 142 ; 8 Wr. 128, 
 473 ; 11 Wr. 194 ; 13 Wr. 155, 846 ; 1 S. 387 ; 2 S. 
 413, 484, 492; 5 S. 110; 8 S. 304; 15 S. 105. 
 
 15. When to be sent out with jury. See Books and 
 
 Papers ; Jury. 
 
 16. How made up in error, 1 Y. 8 ; 4Y. 234, 246 ; IB. 76 ; 
 
 3 B. 436 ; 3 Wh. 177; 5 Wh. 225 ; 5 Wr. 297. 
 
 17. Assignment of errors confined to, 1 Wr. 108; 2 Wr. 
 
 40, 137 ; 4 Wr. 160, 250, 480 ; 8 Wr. 110; 14 Wr. 9. 
 
 18. Remission of from Court of Errors. See Error. 
 
 19. In criminal cases, 8 Wr. 128, 131 ; 9 Wr. 392 ; 14 Wr. 
 
 9; 1 S. 822. 
 
 RECOVER. 
 
 Meaning of, 6 Wh. 389. 
 
 RECOUPMENT. 
 
 Of rents between vendor and vendee on rescission of contract 
 for sale of land, 11 S. 460. 
 
 RECOVERY. 
 
 1. Meaning of in contract of guaranty, 6 Barr 45. 
 
 2. In former suit. See Former Recovery. 
 
 3. Estoppel by. See Estoppel. 
 
 REDEMPTION. 
 
 1. Of unseated land. See Unseated Land. 
 
 2. Of mortgage, restriction as to, 16 S. & R. 361. 
 
666 REFEREES— REGISTER OP WILLS. 
 
 REFEREES. See Arbitration. 
 
 REFORMATION. 
 
 Of written contract by parol testimony. See Parol Evi- 
 dence. 
 
 REFUNDING BOND. 
 
 1. When required, 2 Y. 324; 17 S. & R. 293; 5 W. 108 ; 
 
 8 W. 64, 484 ; 6 Wh. 60 ; 1 Barr 86. See Administra- 
 tors ; Executors. 
 
 2. Omission to give, effect op, 5 Barr 372. 
 
 REGISTERED TAXES. 
 In Philadelphia. 
 
 Effect of sheriff's sale on lien of, 6 Wr. 192. 
 
 REGISTERING CLERKS. 
 
 Correction of errors of, 3 Y. 575. 
 
 REGISTER OF WILLS. See Administrator. 
 
 1. Rights of. 
 
 To compensation for oiBce rent, 4 S. & R. 443. 
 For passing account, 7 S. & R. 377. 
 
 2. Powers of. 
 
 Generally. 1 W. & S. 396 ; 7 H. 485 ; 8 H. 293 ; 5 S. 
 
 334. ■ 
 To appoint himself administrator, 7 W. & S. 175. 
 Over real and personal property of decedent, 8 H. 291. 
 To revoke letters of administration, 2 Wr. 331. 
 
 3. Duties of. 
 
 As to nomination for administrator, 4 W. 34. 
 To decide case before him or award in issue, 8 H. 281. 
 As to transmission of will to Common Pleas for trial, 11 
 H. 375. 
 
 4. Decree of. 
 
 Conclusiveness and legal effect of, 3 B. 498 ; 4 S. & R. 
 193; 5S. &R. 212, 223; 5 R. 80 ; 2 Wh. 81; 1 
 W. & S 398; 5 Barr 21; 6 Barr 435, 441, 445; 8 
 Barr 417; 9 Barr 234 ; 7 H. 485; 1 C. 142 ; 2 C. 
 211 ; 8 Wr. 179. 
 
 5. Deposition bei^ore. 
 
 Admissibility of on subsequent trial, 4 Y. 413 ; 8 H. 295. 
 
 6. Liability of. 
 
 Of sureties of, 9 Wr. 408. 
 
 What covered by bond of, 9 Wr. 408. 
 
REGISTER'S COURT— RELEASE. 667 
 
 REGISTER'S COURT. 
 
 1. Power and authority of. 
 
 To revoke letters of administration, 4 S. & R. 201. 
 To grant letters, 4 S. & R. 201. 
 To direct issue to Common Pleas, 6 W. & S. 184. 
 Effect of decision of, 5 R. 83 ; 2 Wh. 81 ; 6 Barr 444. 
 Appeal from, 4 S. & R. 412 ; 6 W. & S. 184. 
 
 REGISTRY. 
 
 1. Of slaves. See Negroes. 
 
 2. Of voters. See Elections. 
 
 3. Op births and deaths, 1 D. 1 ; 6 B. 416 ; 10 S. & R. 
 
 388. 
 
 4. Of sheriff's deed. See Sheriff's Deeds. 
 
 REGISTRY ELECTION LAW. 
 
 Constitutionality of, 8 S. 378. 
 
 REGULARITY. 
 
 Of judicial proceedings and official action. 
 Presumption in favor of. See Presumption. 
 
 REGULATOR. 
 
 Of party -walls. See Party Walls. 
 
 REHEARING. 
 
 Of cause, 2 D. 20. 
 
 REINSURANCE. 
 
 1. What constitutes, 11 H. 65. 
 
 2. Contract for, construed, 11 C. 475. 
 
 REJOINDER. 
 
 When unnecessary, 3 S. & R. 564. 
 
 "RELATION." 
 
 1. In will, meaning of, 11 S. & R. 104. 
 
 2. Of indictment to first day of term, 1 D. 187. 
 
 RELATIONSHIP OF PARTIES. 
 
 1. Not ground for presumption of fraud, 2 H. 14, 100. 
 
 2. Notice inferred from, 6 H. 157. 
 
 3. Implied assumpsit rebutted by, 2 Wr. 464; 7 Wr. 107; 
 
 8 Wr. 399 ; 11 Wr. 584 ; 12 Wr. 387; 13 Wr. 126, 163; 
 14 Wr. 456 ; 19 S. 144. See Father, II. 2. 
 
 4. Between counsel and juror. 
 
 No cause for challenge, 9 Wr. 444. 
 
 RELEASE. 
 
 1. Form of, 5 W. & S. 28 ; 11 H. 447. 
 
668 KELEASE. 
 
 RELEASE—eontinued. 
 
 2. Effect op agreement to execute, 5 Barr 132. 
 
 3. Recitals in, 13 S. & R. 85. 
 
 4. Estate in fee created by, 1 C. 468. 
 
 5. By parol, 3 P. & W. 405 ; 9 H. 362. 
 
 6. Equitable, 7 S. & R. 43. 
 
 7. Fraudulent, 17 S. & R. 298; 1 Wh. 392: 3 Wh. 406; 
 
 5 W. &S. 486; 6 Wr. 123. 
 
 8. Conditional, 1 C. 64; 3 S. 259. 
 
 9. Delivery of, 15 S. & R. 210 ; 2 Barr 348. 
 
 10. To witness. See Witness. 
 
 11. By feme covert. See Married Women. 
 
 12. By husband in partition of wife's real estate, 3 W. 
 
 6 S. 520. 
 
 13. By lessee to landlord, 14 S. & R. 153. 
 
 14. By executor, 6 H. 278 ; 2 C. 503. 
 
 15. Of mortgasb. See Mortgage. 
 
 16. Of surety in replevin bond, 3 W. & S. 535. 
 
 17. Of lien, 10 S. & R. 450; 14 S. & R. 121 ; 1 R. 302 ; 5 
 
 R. 51 ; 1 W. 494 ; 2 W. 339; 1 Wh. 336. 
 
 18. Of part of debt, 4 B-. 375. 
 
 19. Of legacy, 4 R. 440 ; 6 Barr 45. 
 
 20. Of portion of land from lien, 10 S. & R. 450; 14 S. & 
 
 R. 121 ; 5 R. 21 ; 1 W. 494; 2 W. 339 ; 1 Wh. 336. 
 
 21. Of damages for negligence, 7 Barr 27. 
 
 22. By one op several administrators, 1 R. 357. 
 
 23. By one of several debtors, 1 R. 391; 3 P. & W. 57, 
 
 405; 5 W. 172; 7 W. & S. 305; 8 Barr 265; 7 C. 
 460 ; 12 Wr. 168. 
 
 24. Of personal liability. 
 
 Effect of on lien, 9 C. 151. 
 
 25. Op action for usury, 12 Wr. 130. 
 
 26. Op one op several sureties, 8 Barr 265 ; 10 Barr 401 ; 
 
 7 0. 460. See Sureties. 
 
 27. Of debt, effect op on collateral securities, 2 Wr. 
 
 98. See Debt, VI. 
 
 28. Effect of on third parties, 7 W. 163 ; 3 H. 403. 
 
 29. Of road damages, 3 Gr. 62. See Railroad. 
 
 30. Construction of. 
 
 General rules relative to, 14 S. & R. 121, 153 ; 6 Barr 
 45 ; 8 H. 125. 
 
EELEASE— REMITTANCE. 669 
 
 RELEASE — continued. 
 
 General terms in, 7 W. & S. 317. 
 "Debts and claims," meaning of in, 3 W. 495. 
 Mistake of scrivener, effect of, 10 S. & E-. 176. 
 Parol explanation of, 9 H. 376. 
 
 31. Must be specially pleaded as a defence, 1 S. & R. 25; 
 
 8 W. 355; 6 H. 207. 
 
 32. Admissibility of in evidence, 16 S. & R. 120 ; 1 W. 271. 
 
 33. Where consideration for must be proved, 3 P. & W. 
 
 405; 1 Barr 445; 7 Barr 100; 9 C. 268. 
 
 RELIGIOUS BELIEF OF WITNESS. See Witness. 
 
 RELIGIOUS MEETINGS. 
 
 1. Act relative to hucksters near, construed, 10 Wr. 
 
 457; 14 S. 151. 
 
 2. Disturbance of, 1 W. & S. 548. 
 
 RELIGIOUS SOCIETIES. See Churches. 
 RELIGIOUS USES. See Charitable Uses. 
 
 REM. 
 
 Abatement of proceeding in, 3 D. 101. 
 
 REMAINDER. 
 
 1. Creation of after prior contingent fee, 11 S. 111. 
 
 2. Creation of after prior estate tail, 6 W. 18. 
 
 3. Creation of after life estate, 9 W. & S. 123 ; 4 Barr 
 
 102. 
 
 4. Vested preferred to contingent in construing wills, 
 
 11 H. 9, 381, 388; 6 0. 175; 1 S. 504 ; 11 S. 111. 
 
 5. Distinguished from executory devise, 13 S. 481. See 
 
 Vested Remainder. 
 
 6. Sale of under execution, 1 Y. 427; 2 D. 223. 
 
 REMAINDER-MAN. 
 
 1. When a purchaser,. 2 S. 258. 
 
 2. Not bound by acts, &c., of particular tenant, 1 Y. 346. 
 
 3. Rights of. 
 
 For damages for injury to freehold, 11 S. 302. 
 On forfeiture of particular estate, 5 C. 260. 
 
 REMANENTS, 1 Y. 18. 
 
 REMITTANCE. 
 
 In one bill for several principals, 2 D. 136 ; 4 D. 136. 
 
670 • REMISSION— RENT. 
 
 REMISSION. 
 
 1. Of excess op damages, 2 D. 184; 1 Y. 55, 186 ; 4 W. & 
 
 S. 52; 5 0. 189. 
 
 2. Of recognisance, 1 B. 97. 
 
 REMITTITUR. 
 
 From Supreme Court. See Error. 
 
 REMOVAL. 
 
 1. Of pauper. See Pauper. 
 
 2. Op goods taken in execution. See Fieri Facias. 
 
 3. To United States Courts, from State Court, 2 Y. 275. 
 
 REMOVAL OF SUIT. See Railroad Company. 
 
 RENEWAL. 
 
 Of note. See Bills and Notes. 
 
 RENT. 
 
 1. Definition of, 2 BaiTl65; 9 H. 266; 7 C. 20 ; 11 Wr. 
 
 452 ; 1 Gr. 320 ; 5 S. 284. 
 
 2. Contract for on shares, construed, 5 S. 284. 
 
 3. Implied promise to pay, 8 S. & R. 500 ; 3 C. 259 ; 18 
 
 S. 57. See Use and Occupation. 
 
 4. Follows reversion, 3 P. & W. 496 ; 3 W. 394 ; 4 Barr 
 
 146 ; 8 Barr 347 ; 1 C. 97. 
 
 5. Right op landlord to. See Landlord. 
 
 6. Distress for. See Distress. 
 
 7. Where payable, 5 W. & S. 432. 
 
 8. When payable, 5 W. & S. 432 ; 4 Barr 146 ; 12 H. 272. 
 
 9. Under lease with waiver op Exemption Law, 11 Wr. 
 
 202. See Exemption. 
 
 10. Extinguishment OF, 3 Y. 124; 2 B. 138,152; 5 B. 552 ; 
 
 2 W. 426; 1 Wh. 228, 337 ; 8 Barr 111 ; 10 H. 144 ; 
 1 C. 193; 4 C. 451; 16 S. 425; 19 S. 316. 
 
 11. Acceptance of, confirmation op lease by, 12 H. 224. 
 
 12. Assignment of. 
 
 Effect of as against sheriff's vendee, 4 Barr 148-. 
 Covenant to pay binding on lessee after assignment, 6 
 Wr. 77. See Tenant. 
 
 13. When not payable out of proceeds op sheriff's sale, 
 
 3 W. & S. 9. 
 
 14. When not subject to attachment execution, 11 S. 19. 
 
 15. Suspension of, 4 D. 124; 1 Y. 175; 11 S. & R. 419; 1 
 
 R. 435 ; 10 H. 144; 1 C. 193 ; 7 Wr. 404; 19 S. 326. 
 
RENT— RENUNCIATION. • 671 
 
 RENT — continued. 
 
 16. Not dub, belongs to the reversion, ,11 S. 19. 
 
 17. Apportionment of. See Apportionment 1. 
 
 18. In kind, 7 C. 426; 7 Wr. 404; 5 S. 284. 
 
 19. Belongs to heir and not administrator, 2 R. 222 ; 4 
 
 W. 160 ; 1 C. 97 ; 9 Wr. 430. 
 
 20. Appropriation of payment on, 10 H. 144. 
 
 21. Not assets for payment of lien, 5 Wr. 45. 
 
 22. Interest on, 2 Y. 73 ; 2 B. 146; 6 B. 159; 7 Barr 185. 
 
 23. Effect of eviction on. See Eviction. 
 
 24. Action FOR, 2 J. 170; 8 Wr. 255. 
 
 Want of title in landlord no defence, 6 C. 310. 
 
 25. Joint action for, 12 H. 272. 
 
 26. Right of married women to, 8 Wr. 78. 
 
 27. Liability of married women for, 2 Wr. 344 ; 8 Wr. 78. 
 
 28. Liability op sub-tenant for, 7 Wr. 435. 
 
 29. Liability of mortgagee for, 7 C. 132 ; 6 Wr. 518. 
 
 30. Under loan and building association as against Me- 
 
 chanics' Lien, 12 Wr. 198. 
 
 31. Reservation of on coal lands, construed, 8 Wr. 492 ; 
 
 11 Wr. 452. 
 
 32. When held by administrator in trust for widow, 5 
 
 Wr. 45. 
 
 33. Right of trustee over, 1 Y. 432. 
 
 34. What passes by grant of, 11 Wr. 376 ; 13 Wr. 333. 
 
 RENT CHARGE. 
 
 1. Entry by grantee of, 6 S. & R. 151. 
 
 2. Sale of on execution, 1 Y. 429 ; 12 S. & R. 12. 
 
 3. Covenant for, judgment and execution to enforce, 4 
 
 R. 146. 
 
 4. Mortgage of, 2 P. & W. 23. 
 
 5. Interest on, 2 B. 146. 
 
 RENT SERVICE. 
 
 1. What rents are, 1 Wh. 336; 8 Wr. 492; 11 Wr. 452. 
 
 2. Apportionment of, 10 H. 144. 
 
 3. Extinguishment of, 10 H. 144. 
 
 RENUNCIATION. 
 
 Of right to administer, 6 H. 179. 
 
672 EEPAIRS— EEPLEVIN. 
 
 REPAIRS. 
 
 1. Definition of, 1 S. 41; 13 S. 162. 
 
 2. Liability of landlord for. See Landlord, III. 9. 
 
 3. Liability- op joint owners for, 13 Wr. 234. 
 
 4. By tenant. 
 
 Covenant for, 1 D. 211 ; 1 R. 97; 9 W. 516. 
 Allowance for. See Tenant. 
 
 5. By assignee op lessee, 1 D. 217. 
 
 6. By husband on wipe's property, 1 H. 565. 
 
 By married woman on her own property. See Married 
 
 Women. 
 
 REPEAL. 
 
 Of statute relative to roads, efifect of, 7 Wr. 139. See Acts 
 OP Assembly 24. 
 
 REPLEVIN. 
 
 1. A transitory mixed action, 3 S. & R. 509; 6 S. & R. 
 
 476; 10 S. &R. 114; 1 C. 197. 
 
 2. British statute relative to, construed, 1 D. 11, 156 ; 
 
 3 Barr 21. 
 
 3. Extent and nature of remedy in Pennsylvania, 1 D. 
 
 156; 3H. 507; 7 H. 71. 
 
 4. Parties to. 
 
 Plaintiffs, 3 S. & R. 20; 10 S. & R. 114; 6 W. 301; 8 W. 
 
 412; 11 C. 432; 12 S. 97. 
 Defendants, 6 B. 2 ; 10 S. & R. 114. 
 
 5. When it lies, 1 D. 156; 4 D. 248; 3 Y. 82; 6 B. 2. 3 
 
 3 S. & R. 509, 562; 5 S. & R. 355. 509; 6 S. &.' R, 
 476; 10 S. & R. 114; 16 S. & R. 301; 2 R. 42-3; 2 W 
 110, 126; 6 W. 34; 7 W. 173; 2 W. & S. 129; 5 W. & 
 S. 560; 1 Barr 238; 2 J. 304; 3 H. 513; 6 H. 91, 193 
 7 H. 71, 75; 5 C. 522; 7 C. 426; 8 Wr. 442; 11 Wr 
 398; 1 S. 26, 115; 3 S. 322; 5 S. 172, 176: 8 S. 453; 
 9 S. 388; 12 S. 97; 15 S. 400. 
 When not, 17 S. & R. 99. 
 
 5. Counter suit, right to, discussed, 2 W. & S. 129. 
 
 6. Jurisdiction settled by amount op claim, 4 Y. 264; 5 
 
 B. 522. 
 
 7. Effect op on lien op carrier, 2 H. 48. 
 
 8. Replevin bond. 
 
 What required by condition of, 2 W. & S. 29. 
 Liability of plaintiff on, 10 W. 232. 
 Liability of sheriff on, 1 D. 349; 14 S. & R. 23; 3 Wh. 
 124; 3 W. & S. 535. 
 
EP:PLE7IN. 673 
 
 U'E'PL'EYIN— continued. 
 
 Liability of surety on, 10 W. 232; 2 W. & S. 33; 1 H. 
 
 603. 
 Release of surety on, 2 W. 431; 3 W. & S. 535. 
 
 Q AV R,TT 
 
 Service of, 1 D. 225, 341, 349; 2 S. & R. 263. 
 Return to, 1 D. 430; 4 Wh. 500; 3 Gr. 245; 8 S. 200. 
 Quashing of, 17 S. & R. 99. 
 
 Abatement of suit, 11 S. & R. 131; 16 S. & R. 300. 
 Discontinuance of suit, 2 Y. 530. 
 
 10. Property bond, 1 D. 157, 225, 341; 2 D. 68, 131; 2 Y. 
 
 418; 5 S. &R. 130; 14 S. & R. 25; 4 R. 290; 3 W. 
 288; 4 W. 63; 10 W. 268; 3 Barr 13, 21; 1 H. 602; 1 
 C. 197; 9 C. 183; 17 S. 105. 
 
 Stipulation in, for return of property, void, 10 W. 
 265; 3 Barr 13; 1 C. 197. 
 
 Effect of on other process v. same property, 2 D. 131. 
 
 Effect of, on plaintiff's right to the property, 1 C. 197; 
 4 C. 245; 17 S. 105; 18 S. 221. 
 
 Validity of, after judgment, 3 Barr 13. 
 
 Release of surety in, 3 W. & S. 535. 
 
 11. Declaration. 
 
 Form of, 15 S. & R. 9; 8 W. 25; 10 W. 269; 4 C. 245; 9 
 C. 183. 
 
 12. Avowry in. See Avowry. 
 
 13. Pleas in. 
 
 Property, 6 W. 301; 8 W. 25; 11 C. 432; 2 S. 491. 
 Noncepit, 3 Wh. 370; 2 S. 491. 
 No rent in arrear, 5 S. & R. 355. 
 Omission to enter, 5 S. & R. 331. 
 
 14. Tender op property in, 1 0. 197. 
 
 15. wuere to be tried, 1 d. 156. 
 
 16. Evidence in. 
 
 Generally, 1 Y. 197 ; 3 B. 227; 1 S. & R. 370; 5 S. & 
 
 R. 355 ; 4 R. 273; 2 W. & S. 129 ; 5 W. & S. 556; 
 
 3 Barr 294 ; 8 Barr 495 ; 10 Barr 464; 6 H. 363 ; 
 
 8 Wr. 173; 8 S. 200; 9 S. 388. 
 Under plea of non-cepit, 14 Wr. 199. 
 Under issue non-demisit and no rent in arrear, 10 S. & 
 
 R. 433 ; 8 W. 390. 
 Under plea of property, 1 R. 435; 4 Wr. 250; 12 Wr. 
 
 413. 
 Set-off in, 14 S. & R. 439 ; 1 R. 435 ; 4 W. 39 ; 5 W. 
 
 516, 517; 2 Wh. 95; 3 Wh. 149, 192; 4 Wh. 226; 
 
 5 Wr. 185. 
 
 43 
 
674 REPLEVIN— KEPLICATION. 
 
 REPLEVIN— coMCmwed 
 
 Of forcible taking, 3 Barr 13. 
 
 Competency of witnesses in, 17 S. & R. 82; 3 P. & W. 
 
 467 ; 3 Barr 13. 
 Title not inquired into, 15 S. 489. 
 
 17. Damages in, 1 D. 341; 4 Y. 264, 440; 5 S. & R. 131 ; 6 
 
 S. & R. 426 ; 10 S. & R. 92 ; 13 S. & R. 181 ; 14 S. & 
 R. 26;2 W. 433; 3 W. 287; 4 W. 63; 5 W. 516; 7 W. 
 431; 3 Wh. 192; 1 W. & S. 513 ; 3 Barr 20; 1 J. 381; 
 1 C. 197 ; 10 Wr. 438 ; 2 S. 491 ; 5 S. 176 ; 15 S. 400. 
 
 18. Verdict in, 4 Y. 264; 5 S. & R. 130; 10 S. & R. 92 ; 15 
 
 S. & R. 9 ; 3 W. 287; 10 W. 267 ; 1 C. 177 ; 3 Barr 13; 
 
 I J. 38a 
 
 Effect of on title, 3 Barr 13; 5 S. 176. 
 
 19. Judgment in, 10 S. & R. 202 ; 13 S. & R. 178 ; 1 R. 
 
 435;4R. 273;2 W. 431; 5 W. & S. 556; lOWr. 438; 
 3 Gr. 245. 
 
 Not satisfied by return of goods by defendant, 10 Wr. 
 
 438. 
 Effect of on suit for use and occupation, 16 S. & R. 
 287. 
 
 20. Costs in, 1 D. 440 ; 7 W. & S. 425. 
 
 21. Arrest of judgment in, 8 W. 25. 
 
 22. Proceedings on replevin bond. 
 
 Assignment of. 
 
 Effect of on sheriff, 3 W. & S. 538. 
 Liability of sheriff on, 1 D. 341, 349 ; 14 S. & R. 23 ; 7 
 
 W. 431 ; 3 Wh. 124 ; 3 W. & S. 538. 
 Action on, 13 S. & R. 181 ; 2 W. 432 ; 10 W. 232; 2 W. 
 
 & S. 29, 34 ; 1 H. 603. 
 Declaration in, 10 W. 265. 
 Evidence on, 9 W. 193 ; 10 W. 265; 8 Barr 495 ; 1 H. 
 
 265, 603. 
 Competency of witnesses in, 8 Barr 495. 
 
 23. Arbitration op suit on, 1 Y. 197. 
 
 Award in, 5 W. & S. 556; 4 Barr 515. 
 
 REPLICATION 
 
 1. When necessary, 4 Y. 347 ; 8 S. & R. 263 ; 4 Wr. 199 ; 
 
 II Wr. 333. 
 
 2. Form oe, 1 Barr 401 ; 8 S. 444. 
 
 3. To PLEA OF PAYMENT, 9 Barr 123. 
 
 4. To PLEA OF ALIEN ENEMY, 1 S. & R. 310. 
 
 5. To PLEA IN ABATEMENT, 4 S. & R. 238. 
 
EEPLICATION— RESERVATION. 675 
 
 REPLICATION— con^mwec?. 
 
 6. To PLEA OF NUL TIEL RECORD, 8 S. & R. 239. 
 
 7. Waiver of, 4 Barr 138. 
 
 8. DexMurrer to, 16 S. & R. 51. 
 
 9. What cured by, 13 S. & R. 178. 
 
 10. In equity, 2 S. 154; 17 S. 18, 19. 
 
 11. Filing of, nunc pro tunc, 17 S. 19. 
 
 REPORT. *S'ee Ancestor ; Arbitration; Equity; Roads. 
 
 REPRESENTATION. 
 
 1. When not a condition, 4 Wr. 439. 
 
 2. Distinguished from warranty, 2 B. 391; 7 S. & R. 
 
 480; 3R. 23,47. 
 
 REPRIZES. 
 
 Definition of, 1 Y. 477. 
 
 REPUGNANT CLAUSE. See Deed ; Will. 
 
 REPUTATION. 
 
 Of parties and witnesses. See Character. 
 
 "REQUIRED." 
 
 Held to mean " called for," 16 S. 102. 
 
 RES ADJUDICATA. 
 
 Applied to evidence in ejectment, 2 Wr. 222. 
 
 RESALE. 
 
 Rule as to conditions of, 2 R. 326. See Sales. 
 
 RESCISSION. 
 
 Of contracts. See Contracts; Equity. 
 
 RESCUE OE GOODS LEVIED ON, 6 Barr 460. See 
 Fieri Facias. 
 
 RESERVATION. 
 
 1. In deed of assignment. See Assignment. 
 
 2. Of way, 1 R. 108. 
 
 3. In favor of grantor. See Assignor ; Deed. 
 
 4. When heirs included in, 5 H. 384. 
 
 5. As TO TIMBER RIGHT, 3 H. 370, 371. 
 
 6. As TO PRIVILEGES, 6 Barr 319. 
 
 7. Of heir's interest in widow's third, 10 S. & R. 357; 
 
 5 W. 39; 3 W. & S. 358; 9 W. & S. 184; 1 Barr 118, 
 136. 
 
tJ76 EESERVATION— EESIDUARY. 
 
 RESERVATION— conilmMec?. 
 
 8. In license to occupy land, construed, 2 H. 289. 
 
 y. Transfer of, 5 Barr 317. 
 
 10. What passes with land, 5 Barr 317. 
 
 11. When time begins to run against, 1 R. 218. 
 
 12. Forfeiture of, 1 R. 218 ; 1 Barr 118. 
 
 13. By parol, 8 Wr. 392. 
 
 RESERVED POINTS. 
 
 1. Form of stating. 1 C. 314, 316, 317; 4 S. 510; 9 S. 
 
 439, 443; 11 S. 133, 135, 258 ; 14 S. 290 ; 16 S. 481, 
 482; 17 S. 9. 
 
 2. Verdict taken on, 1 Y. 412 ; 12 H. 193 ; 9 S. 439. 
 
 3. Power of court as to, 1 C. 317; 9 S. 439; 11 S. 133, 
 
 135; 15 S. 126, 131. 
 
 4. Argument of, 4 Y. 353, 446. 
 
 5. Judgment on, non obstante veredicto, 1 C. 314, 316; 12 
 
 Wr. 291 ; 4 S. 510 ; 9 S. 64, 439 ; 11 S. 135, 136 ; 14 S. 
 290; 17 S. 9; 19 S. 210. 
 
 6. How brought up on error, 9 S. 64, 439. 
 
 RES GESTA. 
 
 Admissibility of. See Admissions and Declarations. 
 
 RESIDENCE. 
 
 1. Meaning of, 1 D. 245, 248; 9 H. 106; 5 Wr. 403; 8 Wr. 
 
 322, 341 ; 1 S. 258. 
 
 2. Of jurob. 
 
 When to be stated, 2 D. 142. 
 
 3. Of foreign minister, 1 D. 114. 
 
 4. Of drawer of bill. 
 
 When proper place for presentment, 5 Wr. 214. 
 Inferred from date and place of notice, 3 W. & S. 154. 
 Change of, 6 Wr. 418 ; 1 S. 255. 
 
 5. Necessity for. 
 
 Under land law. See Settlement. 
 
 To hold by adverse possession. jSee Adverse Possession. 
 
 RESIDENT. 
 
 1. Distinguished from inhabitant, 1 D. 245. 
 
 2. In borough, liability of for tax after exscission of 
 
 TERRITORY, 11 Wr. 488. 
 
 RESIDUARY. 
 
 1. Clause in will. See Will. 
 
RESIDUARY— RESTITUTION. 677 
 
 RESIDUARY— conimMerf. 
 
 2. Devise, avhat included in, 12 H. 244; 8 Wr. 487. 
 
 3. Estate, liability op, 12 H. 20 ; 5 G. 420. 
 
 4 TjFlrATPF^ 
 
 Who are, 6 W. 345 ; 4 0. 51, 57; 6 Wr. 479. 
 "Rights of, 6 W.85, 345: 8 W. & S. 863; 3 Wh. 276; 
 
 9 Barr 374; 11 H. 433; 8 Wr. 487. 
 Liability of, 2 D. 95, 131; 2 Y. 294; 7 W. 420; 11 H. 
 
 351 ; 12 H. 20 ; 5 C. 420. See Legatees. 
 
 RESIDUE. 
 
 Of estate, 1 B. 575; 8 W. & S. 363; 18 S. 327. 
 
 RES INTER ALIOS ACTA. 
 
 Admissibility of, 5 Wh. 288; 6 H. 283; 10 C. 462; 4 Wr. 
 359; 1 S. 418; 2 S. 488. 
 
 RESPONDEAT OUSTER. 
 
 Propriety of judgment of, in criminal case, 3 P. & W. 262. 
 
 RESPONDEAT SUPERIOR. 
 
 Application of maxim, 12 C. 431. See Agent ; Principal. 
 
 RESPONDENTIA BOND. 
 
 1. Form of, 8 S. & R. 138. 
 
 2. Right of obligee in, 1 B. 405 ; 8 S. & R. 138. 
 
 RESPONDENTIA CONTRACT. 
 For damages, construed, 3 B. 216. 
 
 REST AND RESIDUE. 
 
 In contract, construed, 2 B. 525, 535; 5 B. 259; 5 Wr. 80. 
 
 RESTITUTION. 
 
 1. Writ op, 2 D. 205; 2 R. 37. 
 
 2. Lien op, 2 R. 37. 
 
 3. Power of sheriff on, 11 C. 137. 
 
 4. Return to, 11 C. 137. 
 
 5. Award op libel fob, 3 D. 133. 
 
 6. Decree for, 3 D. 169, 296 ; 1 Y. 160, 207 : 8 S. & R. 
 
 296 ; 13 S. & R. 41; 8 Wr. 466 ; 12 Wr. 328. 
 Enforcement of, 13 S. & R. 292. 
 
 7. On reversal of lien under which land was sold, 10 
 
 S. & R. 103. 
 
 8. In forcible entry. See Forcible Entry, VI. 
 
 9. Under Landlord and Tenant Act. See Landlord 
 
 AND Tenant. 
 
 10. In error, 5 C. 347. 
 
678 RESTRAINT— KETAINER. 
 
 RESTRAINT. 
 
 Of alienation, marriage and trade. See Conditions. 
 
 RESULTING TRUST. 
 
 1. On purchase of real estate, 1 D. 139, 447 ; 1 Y. 166 
 
 2 Y. 119; 3 B. 302; 2 S. & R. 461, 521; 6 S. & R. 90 
 8 S. & R. 484; 17 S. k R. 144 ; 1 R. 408; 8 R. 437 
 2 P. & W. 346; 2 W. 323, 324; 5 W. 27, 389, 391 ; 6 
 W. 534; 7 W. 147 ; 9 W. 32; 10 W. 313; 4 W. & S. 
 . 150; 5 W. & S. 427; 6 W. & S. 97 ; 1 Barr 405 ; 2 Barr 
 463; 3 Barr 136; 3 H. 506; 5 H. 216; 6 H. 123, 283, 
 459; 11 H. 265; 3 C. 180; 4 C. 419; 7 C. 429; 8 C. 
 371; 9 C. 158; 11 C. 305; 2 Wr. 46; 3 Wr. 369, 463; 
 4 Wr, 68 ; 5 Wr. 364 ; 10 Wr. 83, 508 ; 11 Wr. 103 ; 
 13 Wr. 457 ; 3 S. 268; 12 S. 476 ; 13 S. 279 ; 19 S. 
 122, 239, 443. 
 
 2. By implication of law, 2 B. 387; 10 W. 313; 5 W. & 
 
 S. 427; 10 H. 210; 11 H. 265; 4 C. 66. 
 
 3. By conveyance to husband as an abvancement to 
 
 wife, 8 S. 386. 
 
 4. Rebuttal of, 7 S. & R. 114 ; 6 H. 283, 296 ; 3 Wr. 369. 
 
 5. Effect of in assignment for . creditors. See Assign- 
 
 ment. 
 
 6. Act op April 22, 1856, relative to, construed, 2 S. 
 
 492; 6 S..119. 
 
 7. Proof of. 
 
 Parol, 3 W. 27 ; 5 W. 493 ; 9 W. 32 ; 10 W. 313 ; 4 
 Barr 359; 7 Barr 420; 5 H. 216 ; 6 H. 295; 11 H. 
 205 ; 4 C. 66, 133, 371, 429 ; 13 S. 38, 279. 
 
 8. In favor of wife. 
 
 Not established by declaration of husband, 3 Wr. 463. 
 
 9. Application of Statute of Limitations to, 6 H. 283 ; 
 
 6 C. 133 ; 2 S. 492 ; 6 S. 119 ; 12 S. 466 ; 13 S. 9. 
 
 RESURVEY. 
 
 1. Validity of, 7 Wr. 197. 
 
 2. Effect of on right of equitable owner, 13 S. & R. 17 ; 
 
 IP. &W. 489; 7 C. 429. ^See Survey. 
 
 RETAINER. 
 
 1. Payment by, 3 R. 204, 349; 5 Wh. 116, 530; 11 Wr. 57. 
 
 2. By bank on protested note, 11 Wr. 57. 
 
 3. Of purchase-money by vendee. See Purchase-money. 
 
RETOKNO HABENDO— REVEKSION. 679 
 
 RBTORNO HABENDO. 
 
 1. Judgment op, when proper. See Replevin. 
 
 2. Taking personal property on, 2 D. 68, 131. 
 
 RETRACTION OF PLEA. See Pleas. 
 
 RETRAXIT. 
 
 1. What constitutes a, 8 Barr 157. 
 
 2. Distinguished from discontinuance, 8 Barr 157. 
 
 RETROACTIVE. 
 
 Legislation. See Acts of Assembly 20. 
 Agreement. See Contract. 
 
 RETURN. 
 
 1. To WRITS. See Constable ; Election ; Sheriff ; Sur- 
 
 vey. 
 
 2. To order of court, 4 Barr 71. 
 
 REVENUE. 
 
 1. Payment of tax, on goods sold but not delivered, as 
 
 per contract, 7 S. 326. 
 
 2. Duty of purchaser of oil in bond, 10 Wr. '286. 
 
 3. Information, for violation of revenue law, 4 D. 
 
 28, 34. 
 
 REVENUE COLLECTOR. 
 Liability of, 6 B. 266; 4 W. 21. 
 
 REVENUE CUTTER. 
 
 Compensation of oflScers of, 3 S. & R. 553. 
 
 REVENUE STAMPS. 
 
 1. On register's precept, 13 Wr. 79. 
 
 2. On wills, 10 Wr. 502. 
 
 3. On deeds, 12 Wr. 463 ; 6 S. 424. 
 
 REVERSION. 
 
 1. Right of owner to sell, 1 C. 193. 
 
 2. Sale of on execution, 1 Y. 427; 16 S. & R. 112, 328. 
 
 3. What passes by conveyance of, 9 W. 46. 
 
 4. Rent follows. See Rent 4. 
 
 5. Apportionment of rent on sale of. See Apportion- 
 
 ment 1. 
 
 6. On failure of conditional grant, discussed, 6 Wr. 31. 
 
680 KEVIEW— EIGHT, TITLE AND CLAIM. 
 
 REVIEW. 
 
 In Orphans' Court, petition for, 5 Barr 95; 7 H. 4bl. See 
 Bill of Review; Orphans' Court. 
 
 REVIVAL. 
 
 1. Of judgment. See Scire Facias, 
 
 2. Of will. See Will. 
 
 REVOCAVIT VEL NON. 
 
 Costs on issue of, 9 W. 284. See Feigned Issue. 
 
 REVOCATION. 
 
 1. Expressed and implied, discussed, 2 D. 267, 287. 
 
 2. Of license, 4 S. & R. 241 ; 14 S. & R. 267 ; 4 W. 317 ; 
 
 5 W. 308; 7 C. 263; 11 Wr. 329. See License. 
 
 3. Of submission to arbitrator, 14 S. & R. 451. See 
 
 Arbitration, V. 8. 
 
 4. Of trust. See Trust. 
 
 5. Of power. See Power 7. 
 
 6. Of gift, 9 S. 281. 
 
 7. Of letters of administration. See Register's Court. 
 
 REVOLUTION OF 1776. 
 
 1. Effect of, on Statute and Common Law of England, 
 
 1 R 58. 
 3. Effect of, on military land titles, 2 D. 459. 
 
 REWARD. 
 
 1. For discovery of lost papers, discussed, 6 Wh. 386. 
 
 2. For arrest of criminals, 11 H. 391. 
 
 3. For recovery of stolen property, 2 S. 484. 
 
 RHODE ISLAND. 
 
 1. Damages on protested bill op exchange in, 3 D. 345, 
 
 356. 
 
 2. Jurisdiction of Superior Court of, 3 D. 308, 318. 
 
 3. Statute of Frauds in force in, 3 D. 415, 424. 
 
 RIGHT HEIRS. 
 
 Meaning of in will, 14 Wr. 128, 143; 11 S. 114, 116, 117. 
 
 RIGHT OF WAY. 
 
 Construction of agreement for, 6 Wr. 418. See Roads, 
 Private, II. 1. 
 
 RIGHT, TITLE AND CLAIM. 
 
 In contract for sale of real estate, construed, 6 S. 103. 
 
RIOT— EOADS. 681 
 
 RIOT. 
 
 1. Duty of justices as to, 1 Y. 419. 
 
 2. Liability of sheriff, for expense of suppressins, by 
 
 MILITARY, 8 Wr. 389. 
 
 3. Conviction for assault on indictment for, 5 Barr 83. 
 
 4. Sentence on conviction, for, 8 Barr 223. 
 
 RIPARIAN OWNERS. 
 
 1. Rights of, 4 D. 211; 1 Y. 269; 3 Y. 421; 2 B. 475; 9 
 
 S. &R. 26; 14 S. & R. 71; 3 R. 84; 1 P. & W. 467; 2 
 W. 327; 4 W. 65; 8 W. 434, 470; 2 Wh. 508; 8 W. & 
 S. 40; 6 Barr 32; 7 Barr 183, 473; 9 Barr 74; 2 J. 
 248; 4 H. 398; 9 H. 288; 11 H. 106; 12 H. 298; 2 
 C. 61, 407, 417; 7 C. 37; 8 C. 398; 9 C. 73; 12 C. 
 194; 6 Wr. 219; 9 Wr. 61; 4 S. 40; 11 S. 21; 14 
 S. 109; 15 S. 444; 17 S. 415; 19 S. 93. 
 
 2. Duties of, 15 S. 444. 
 
 ' 3. Powers of, 14 S. & R. 9, 71 ; 8 W. 470 ; 9 W. 119 ; 1 W. 
 & S. 346; 6 W. & S. 101; 4 C. 206. 
 
 RISK OF INSURER. 
 Defined, 3 Y. 84. 
 
 RIVERS. /S'ee Navigable Rivers; Rivers 2. 
 
 1. Owned by Commonwealth, 1 Y. 169 ; 14 S. & R. 9 ; 9 
 
 C. 341; 5 Wr. 147; 6 Wr. 219. 
 
 2. Power of port wardens over. »S'ee Port Wardens. 
 
 3. Ferries on, 1 Y. 167; 9 S. & R. 26; 3 W. 219; 8 W. 
 
 434. 
 
 4. Conveyance to as a boundary, effect of, 8 W. & S. 436. 
 
 ROADS. 
 
 I. State. See, State Roads. 
 
 II. Public. 
 
 1. In Pennsylvania, discussed, 3 Y. 371, 421 ; 11 Wr. 
 
 314; 1 Gr. 415. 
 
 2. Use of, discussed, 1 S. & R. 217; 1 W. 360; 11 H. 
 
 197; 8 C. 65; 10 Wr. 316; 9 S. 212. 
 
 3. Allowance for, on original sale, 3 D. 495, 500 ; 6 
 
 B. 509 ; 8 H. 91. 
 
 4. Acquisition of by user, 9 S. & R. 26 ; 5 W. & S. 141 ; 
 
 2 Wh. 427 ; 10 Barr 126 ; 8 H. 331, 458; 11 H. 209, 
 501; 4C. 202; 12 0.29; 1 Wr. 41; 5 Wr. 63 ; 6 
 Wr. 102 ; 7 Wr. 486 ; 11 Wr. 239. 
 
 5. Grant of, 5 W. & S. 141. 
 
682 ROADS. 
 
 ROADS — continued. 
 
 6. Not an "encumbrance" to defeat claim for pur- 
 
 chase-money, 9 W. 152 ; 20 S. 83. 
 
 7. Right of public to, 1 Y. 167 ; 4 Y. 133 ; 7 W. 450; 4 
 
 C. 199 ; 1 S. 445. 
 
 8. Act of June 13, 1836, relative to, construed, 11 H. 
 
 286; 1 S. 445. 
 
 9. Act of April 19, 1838, relative to, construed, 1 
 
 Barr 353. 
 
 10. Act of 1850, relative to, construed, 8 Wr. 196. 
 
 11. Act of April 28, 1857, relative to, construed, 8 0. 
 
 383. 
 
 12. Right of owner of soil covered by, 1 Y. 167; 3 Y. 
 
 353; 1 Barr 336; 8 Barr 294 ; 4 C. 355; 5 C. 15; 
 9 Wr. 135. 
 
 13. Rights of Commonwealth in town, 11 Wr. 314. 
 
 14. Rules of court relative to, discussed, 10 Barr 195. 
 
 15. Proceedings to lay out and open. 
 
 Jurisdiction of Quarter Sessions as to, 3 R. 194; 8 W. 
 
 172 ; 3 H. 195. 
 Petition for viewers, 4 Y. 472, 479, 514 ; 4 B. 174 ; 9 S. 
 
 & R. 34; 11 H. 286, 346; 1 C. 524; 12 Wr. 314; 
 
 1 Gr. 443; 9 S. 358; 13 S. 471. 
 Notice of proceedings, 3 Gr. 62. 
 Restoration of lost petition, 6 Wh. 352. 
 Rules as to time of presenting, 3 C. 69. 
 "Extension," meaning of in Act of 1836, 11 H. 286. 
 Selection of viewers, 4 Y. 479 ; 2 B. 250 ; 5 B. 612; 4 
 
 S. & R. 200; 17 S. & R. 388; 1 P. & W. 243; 8 
 
 W. 172; 5 H. 116; 3 C. 69; 10 C. 413; 1 S. 445. 
 Rule as to challenge of viewers, 6 H. 233, 463 ; 5 C. 18; 
 
 10 C. 413; 11 Wr. 276. 
 Notice of appointment of, 2 B. 250 ; 17 S. & R. 388 ; 1 
 
 Barr 353. 
 Substitution of viewers, 3 C. 69 ; 12 S. 151. 
 Competency of viewers, 5 C. 18. 
 Order to viewers, 2 B. 250 ; 2 P. & W. 207. 
 Form of order as to route, 8 C. 285 ; 11 C. 280 ; 2 Wr. 459. 
 Correction of clerical error in, 11 H. 302. 
 As to statement of intermediate points in, 14 S. & R. 
 
 204 ; 8 C. 285. 
 When returnable, 6 Wh. 363 ; 11 H. 286 ; 2 C. 472 ; 12 
 
 C. 9 ; 1 Gr. 443. 
 Extension of time on, 8 C. 285 ; 3 Gr. 62. 
 When exhausted, 3 Gr. 62 ; 5 0. 20. 
 
EOADS. 683 
 
 ROADS — continued. 
 Duty of viewers. 
 
 As to oath, 3 S. & R. 210; 7 S. & R. 444 ; 2 P. & W. 
 
 207 ; 4 Wh. 514 ; 9 Barr 70 ; 2 C. 221. 
 As to notice of meeting, 2 B. 250 ; 9 Barr 69 : 8 Wr. 
 
 277. 
 As to number who must act on view, 5 B. 481 ; 7 S. & 
 
 R. 444 ; 6 H. 220 ; 5 C. 20 ; 10 S. 330. 
 As to release of road damages, 3 Gr. 62. 
 As to place of meeting, 5 R. 150. 
 To regard nature of ground, 4 B. 174. 
 Power of viewers. 
 
 As to location of road, 2 R. 421 ; 2 P. & W. 207 ; 4 W. 
 
 & S. 39; IJ. 356; 9 H. 217, 356; 11 H. 346 ; 8 
 
 C. 285; 2 Wr. 459; 13 S. 471. 
 As to vacating old road, 2 P. & W. 532 ; 5 C. 20, 197, 
 
 350 ; 16 S. 461. 
 To adopt part of old road, 9 H. 217. 
 As to burial grounds, 2 Gr. 455. 
 Continues until return of report, 5 C. 20. 
 Report of. 
 
 As to fact of being sworn, 3 S. & R. 210 ; 7 S. & R. 
 
 444; 17 S. & R. 388; 2 P. & W. 207; 4 Wh. 514; 
 
 9 Barr 70 ; 2 0. 221. 
 As to improvements along route, 4 Y. 372 ; 2 B. 250; 13 
 
 S. & R. 25, 83, 445; 17 S. & R. 388; 3 H. 414; 
 
 11 H. 303; 18 S. 396. 
 As to draft, 3 B. 3; 10 S. & R. 120; 17 S. & R. 388; 
 
 6 H. 220. 
 As to width of road, 4 Y. 372; 4 W. & S. 39; 11 H. 
 
 302 ; 10 Wr. 250. 
 As to location, 4 Y. 514 ; 9 S. & R. 35 ; 17 S. & R. 388 ; 
 
 2 R. 421; 5 Wh. 333; 4 W. & S. 39; 1 J. 356; 9 
 
 H. 217 ; 11 0. 280 ; 2 Wr. 459. 
 As to termini, 4 Y. 433, 514 ; 9 S. & R. 35 ; 5 W. & S. 
 
 200 ; 1 0. 524 ; 11 0. 280 ; 8 S. 66, 68 ; 9 S. 358 ; 
 
 13 S. 471, 472. 
 Where road is on county lines, 1 J. 356. 
 As to necessity for, 11 H. 346, 347. 
 As to public use of, 4 B. 174 ; 4 Y. 514 ; 9 S. & R. 35 ; 
 
 17 S. & R. 388 ; 4 Barr 337. 
 As to conditional report, 4 R. 191. 
 As to number who viewed, 13 S. & R. 25 ; 9 Barr 69, 
 
 70 ; 6 H. 220 ; 8 0. 282 ; 12 0. 87; 14 S. 45. 
 May be in handwriting of attorney for petitioners, 2 0. 
 
 221. 
 
684 ROADS. 
 
 ROADS — continued. 
 
 Correction of by viewers, 3 H. 414 ; 6 H. 220, 233. 
 Correction of clerical errors in, 4 S. & R. 106 ; 1 Wr. 257. 
 Presumption in favor of, 17 S. & R. 388. 
 Misnomer in, 1 Wr. 257. 
 As to damages, 3 Y. 153, 375 ; 5 B. 481 ; 6 B. 511 ; 2 
 S. &R. 277; 5 S. & R. 69; 7 S. & R. 422; 4 R. 23; 
 3 P. & W. 139; 2 W. 190, 418; 8 W. 172, 177;. 
 3 Wh. 510; 6 Wh. 45, 115; 6 W. & S. Ill; 8 W. 
 & S. 85; 8 Barr 56, 89, 109; 10 Barr 98; 4 H. 
 193 ; 7 H. 15 ; 8 H. 95 ; 10 H. 29 ; 11 H. 373, 485 ; 
 12 H. 397; 1 C. 229; 2 C. 238; 3 0.99; 6 0.362; 8 
 0. 285; 10 0. 418; 1 Wr. 257; 4 Wr. 300; 9 Wr. 
 405 ; 12 Wr. 487 ; 1 Gr. 415, 443 : 1 S. 445 ; 4 S. 358 ; 
 14 S. 374. 
 Interest on, 2 Barr 340. 
 
 When due, 3 Y. 153, 362 ; 2 Barr 340; 8 0. 285. 
 Effect of non-payment of, 2 Wh. 285, 294 ; 8 H. 91. 
 Release of damages, 3 Gr. 62. 
 Return of report, 2 S. & R. 277; 3 S. & R. 210; 2 0. 
 473 ; 5 0. 20 ; 12 0. 9 ; 1 Wr. 257 ; 11 Wr. 536 ; 12 
 Wr. 314 ; 2 Gr. 204 ; 3 Gr. 62 ; 12 S. 151. 
 What proof of, 2 Wr. 459 ; 14 S. 451. 
 Presumption in favor of, 4 B. 174; 5 B. 484 ; 10 0. 413. 
 Presumption when no report is filed at next term, 3 Gr. 
 
 62. 
 Power of court over report, 4 Y. 372 ; 3 S. & R. 236 ; 
 14 S. & R. 204; 8 W. 172; 5 Wh. 84, 414, 464; 5 
 Barr 101 ; 10 Barr 195; 3 H. 897, 414; 6 H. 220, 
 233; 11 H. 302, 346; 5 0. 350; 8 0. 282, 285; 2 
 Gr. 467. 
 Time of return extended, 11 Wr. 536 2 Gr. 467. 
 Must lay over one term before confirmation, 1 Barr 356 ; 
 8 0. 282; 1 Wr. 257; 11 Wr. 586. 
 Exceptions to. 
 
 When to be filed, 2 Wh. 174; 12 0. 85, 87; 16 S. 
 
 185. 
 Who may except to a report, 10 0. 418. 
 Confirmation of postponed by, 8 0. 285. 
 When and for what set aside, 4 Y. 479; 5 B. 612; 4 S. 
 & R. 106; 3 Wh. 104; 2 0. 238; 5 0. 350; 1 Wr. 
 255; 11 Wr. 530. 
 Effect of setting aside for informality, 10 Barr 195. 
 Amendment of, 14 S. 451. 
 
 Recommitment of, 10 Barr 195; 3 H. 414; 6 H. 220, 
 238; 11 H. 302; 2 Gr. 467; 14 S. 451. 
 Confirmation of, 1 Y. 430; 4 Y. 372, 479, 514; 1 B. 109; 
 
KOADS. 685 
 
 ROADS — continued. 
 
 5 B. 484; 1 W. 400; 1 Barr 356; 11 H. 302, 485; 
 5 C. 195 ; 8 0. 282 ; 12 C. 87 ; 1 Wr. 255, 257 ; 7 Wr. 
 144; 11 Wr. 536; 12 Wr. 814. 
 When decree to be made, 1 Barr 356 ; 8 C. 282 ; 1 Wr. 
 
 255; 12 Wr. 314; 2 Gr. 204; 16 S. 184. 
 Width must be fixed on confirmation, 6 B. 36 ; 4 W. 539 ; 
 
 3 Wh. 105; 3 W. & S. 559; 4 W. & S. 40; 1 Barr 
 
 356 ; 4 Barr 337 ; 5 Barr 515 ; 8 C. 282 ; 1 Wr. 257 ; 
 
 9 Wr. 405; 10 Wr. 250; 2 Gr. 129, 467. 
 Efi'ect of, 5 0. 195. 
 Order to open. 
 
 When to be made, 9 Barr 69. 
 
 When to be continued, 11 Wr. 536. 
 
 When exhausted, 8 Barr 522; 9 H. 322; 5 C. 15; 4 Wr. 
 
 285; 12 Wr. 305. 
 Effect of repeal of act authorizing road, 7 Wr. 139. 
 Opening road. 
 
 Power of court, when laid out, under Act of Assembly, 1 
 
 Barr 314; 1 S. 445. 
 Effect of on ground-rent, 3 Wh. 357; 6 C. 363. 
 Effect of on bond for purchase-money, 9 W. 152; 2 J. 
 
 275; 20 S. 83. See Purchase- money. 
 Effect of omission to open, 2 Barr 340 ; 1 S. 445. 
 Power of supervisors as to, 1 Barr 303, 307, 355 ; 7 Barr 
 
 275; 8 Barr 522; 9 Barr 69; 9 H. 322; 11 H. 
 
 346; 5 C. 15; 9 0. 112; 10 C. 381; 4 Wr. 284; 
 
 12 Wr. 305; 14 S. 445. 
 When road runs to a river, 5 H. 509. 
 Liability of supervisors, 2 B. 275; 8 Wr. 197; 14 S. 
 
 445. 
 Duty of supervisors, 1 Barr 355; 7 Barr 275. 
 Power of land owner over route, 8 Barr 522 ; 5 C. 15 ; 6 
 
 Wr. 283. 
 Right of to timber on route of, 8 Barr 294. 
 Review of. 
 
 Power of court to grant, 1 C. 524 ; 8 C. 9. 
 
 Petition for, 3 W. 475; 5 W. & S. 200; 1 C. 525; 3 C. 
 
 69; IS. 296; 20 S. 23. 
 When allowed, 1 D. 11; 2 Y. 52; 3 Y. 263; 2 B. 250; 
 
 1 W. 400; 5 W. & S. 200; 11 H. 286, 302; 1 0. 
 
 524' 20 S. 23. 
 When exhausted, 5 0. 20; 2 Gr. 204. 
 Effect of adverse report on, 5 H. 74. 
 EiG-rcviGw. 
 
 Power of court to grant, 2 Y. 53; 2 B. 250; 14 S. & R. 
 
 31; 2R. 124; 5 W. & S. 203. 
 
686 ROADS— ROADS, PRIVATK, 
 
 ROAD S — continued. 
 
 When granted, 5 W. & S. 202; 5 H. 116. 
 How limited, 14 S. & R. 31; 5 W. & S. 202. 
 Report on when to be made, 11 Wr. 536. 
 Effect of adopting report on, 4 Barr 337. 
 Power of court as to reports of view and review, 3 S. & 
 R. 236 ; 1 W. 400 ; 3 Wh. 109 ; 5 C. 20 ; 3 Gr. 321. 
 
 16. Proceedings to vacate useless public roads. 
 Power of court as to, 1 S. & R. 142; 10 S. & R. 120; 
 
 14 S. & R. 31; 8 W. 172; 5 Wh. 442; 2 W. & S. 
 
 320; 9 Barr 85; 1 J. 187; 5 H. 71; 9 H. 217, 
 
 356; 4 C. 199; 5 C. 20; 12 C. 87; 1 Wr. 417; 
 
 12 Wr. 314; 16 S. 461 ; 20 S. 23. 
 Petition for, 5 H. 71 ; 20 S. 23. 
 Report on, 10 S. & R. 120; 9 Barr 85; IJ. 186; 9 H. 
 
 356 ; 1 Wr. 417. 
 
 17. Certiorari from Supreme Court as to. 
 When it lies, 2 S. & R. 409 ; 7 Wr. 144; 1 S. 48. 
 Allocatur when necessary, 3 Wh. 11; 2 W. & S. 320. 
 Form of, 4 Y. 430. 
 
 What heard on, 2 B. 250 ; 5 B. 481 ; 4 R. 192 ; 2 P. & 
 W. 207; 5 W. & S. 202; 3 H. 397; 5 H. 116; 6 
 H. 238, 463; 2 C. 221, 472; 3 C. 69; 4 C. 185; 
 8 C. 9; 10 C. 413; 7 Wr. 144; 1 Gr. 443. 
 
 Deposition read on hearing, 2 P. & W. 207. 
 
 18. Repairs to. 
 
 Who liable for, 8 W. 125; 4 C. 355; 4 Wr. 370 ; 9 Wr. 
 135; 10 Wr. 223; 18 S. 404. 
 
 19. Obstructing, 11 S. & R. 345; 8 Barr 522; 5 H. 509; 
 
 4 C. 355; 9 C. 112; 6 Wr. 283; 10 Wr. 316; 11 Wr. 
 428. 
 
 20. Location of. 
 
 How proved, 12 Wr. 305. 
 
 21. Review of in error, 7 Wr. 144. 
 
 ROADS, PRIVATE. 
 
 I. What are, 9 S. & R. 34. 
 
 II. Acquisition of. 
 
 1. By grant, 1 S. & R. 227 ; 6 S. & R. 71 ; 3 R. 82; 1 
 
 Wh. 332; 5 W. & S. 205 ; 8 W. & S. 464 ; 10 Barr 
 120; 7 H. 19; 8 H. 455; 9 C. 131; 6 Wr. 418; 14 
 Wr. 418. 
 
 2. By prescription. See Prescription. 
 
 3. By adverse user, 9 S. & R. 26 ; 2 Wh. 427 ; 6 Wh. 
 
 192 ; 10 Barr 120; 8 H. 331, 408, 458; 11 H. 501 ; 
 
EOADS, PEI\^ ATE— ROBBERY. 687 
 
 ROADS, PRIVATE— continued. 
 
 4 C. 202; 1 Wr. 41 ; 6 Wr. 102 ; 7 Wr. 486 ; 11 Wr. 
 239; 14 Wr. 361. 
 
 4. From necessity, 3 R. 492; 11 H. 338; 4 C. 199; 2 
 
 Wr. 487. 
 
 5. By reservation, 1 R. 108 ; 8 Barr 387. 
 Established by landowner, 10 Wr. 229 ; 11 Wr. 239 ; 
 
 12 Wr. 107, 178 ; 14 Wr. 417. 
 
 6. By contiguous purchase, 1 S. & R. 227. 
 
 7. By decree of court, Act of June 13, 1856, relative 
 
 to, construed, 4 H. 15 ; IS. 94. 
 Application to Quarter Sessions for, 4 Y. 515 ; 9 S. & 
 
 R. 35; 1 Barr 353; 1 Wr. 257. 
 Notice of view, 1 Barr 353. 
 Report of viewers, 4 H. 15; IS. 94. 
 Location of, 1 Barr 353 ; 1 Wr. 257. 
 Review of, 1 S. 296 ; 16 S. 459. 
 Return of, when to be made, 16 S. 459. 
 Confirmation of, 7 C. 12. 
 Damages for, 12 H. 397 ; 7 C. 12. 
 
 III. Proper use of, 6 Wh. 207 ; 9 S. 358 ; 12 S. 252. 
 
 IV. Conversion of into lateral railroad, 9 S. 358. 
 
 V. Vacating, 4 C. 199. 
 
 As to fencing, 10 Wr. 252. 
 
 VI. Disturbance of, 7 H. 19; 11 H. 333, 348, 501 ; 12 H. 
 
 211; 5 C. 22; 1 Wr. 503'; 2 Wr. 76; 14 Wr. 361, 
 388, 417. 
 
 VII. Effect on, of sale under prior encumbrance, 14 
 
 Wr. 417. 
 
 VIII. As TO UNDERGROUND WATS, 7 Wr. 495. 
 
 IX. Right of sheriff's vendee to, 14 Wr. 417. 
 
 X. Estoppel of bight to, 14 Wr. 361, 388. 
 
 XI. Justification under right of, must be pleaded 
 
 specially, 13 S. 30. 
 
 ROAD TAXES. 
 
 1. Right of tax payer to work out, 5 C. 121 ; 4 Wr. 332. 
 
 2. Warrant for collection of, 2 Gr. 82. 
 
 3. Liability of non-residents for, 2 Wr. 309. 
 
 4. Payment of to supervisors, 5 C. 121. 
 
 ROBBERY. 
 
 1. Definition of, 4 B. 379. 
 
 2. Inferential evidence of, 1 S. 341. 
 
688 EOOTS— SABBATH. 
 
 "ROOTS, PREPARED OR OTHERWISE." 
 In insurance policy, defined, 11 H. 262. 
 
 RULE OF COURT. 
 
 1. Power of couets to make. See Court. 
 
 2. Must be subordinate to statute, 5 W. 37; 9 S. 4-30. 
 
 3. Object of, 9 S. 430. 
 
 4. Enforcement of, 9 S. 430. 
 
 ' 5. Amendments to meet requirements of, 9 S. 430. 
 
 6. To TAKE TESTIMONY. See COMMISSIONER. 
 
 7. Evidence used on, no part of record, 10 H. 47. 
 
 RUNNING ACCOUNT. 
 
 Appropriation of payments on, 1 Wr. 268. 
 
 RURAL LANDS. 
 Near Philadelphia. 
 
 Taxation of 2 Wr. 355. 
 
 SABBATH. 
 
 I. Jewish. 
 
 1. Not recognised in law, 2 D. 212, 213; 3 S. & R. 48; 
 
 2 S. 20, 126. 
 
 2. Continuance of cause on, 2 P. & W. 412. 
 
 II. Christian. 
 
 1. Not a judicial dIy, 3 D. 327. 
 
 2. Validity of verdict rendered on, 3 W. 56. 
 
 3. Statute prohibiting work on, construed, 1 S. & R. 
 
 350; 3 S. & R. 48; 5 S. & R. 299, 302; 6 W. 223; 
 6 Barr 417 ; 8 Barr 312; 9 H. 426; 10 H. 102; 2 C. 
 342; 10 0. 86, 398; 11 C 511; 2 Gr. 506; 2 S. 126, 
 135; 4 S. 401, 433; 5 S. 183, 326. 
 
 4. Jew convicted for working on, 3 S. & R. 48. 
 
 5. Use of navigable streams on, 2 C. 342. 
 
 6. What are works of necessity, 5 S. & R. 299; 6 Barr 
 
 417; 10 H. 102; 10 C. 398. 
 
 7. Validity of contract made on, 6 W. 231 ; 1 W. k S. 
 
 477; 3 W. & S. 444, 446, 507; 2 Barr 448; 6 Barr 
 417; 7 Barr 492, 499; 10 H. 102; 12 H. 270; 2 C. 
 140, 336; 3 C. 90, 342; 11 C. 146; 1 Gr. 261; 5 S. 
 183, 325; 20 S. 261. 
 
 8. Marriage contract made on, 2 H. 417. 
 
 9. Will made on, 5 S. 183. 
 
SABBATH— SALE OF PERSONAL PROPERTY. 689 
 
 SABBATH — continued. 
 
 10. Running cars on, 4 S. 401. 
 
 11. Proceedings for violation of. 
 
 Form of conviction, 3 S. & R. 48 ; 1 C. 126. 
 Evidence to convict, 1 S. & R. 397. 
 Record of conviction, 10 H. 102. 
 
 12. Amendment OF NARR, erroneously laying promise on 
 Sunday, 11 C. 59. 
 
 SALARIES. 
 
 1. Distinguished from fees, 12 Wr. 274. 
 
 2. Taxation of, 5 W. & S. 275; 9 H. 225; 5 C. 226. 
 
 3. As TO implied contract for, 6 S. & R. 322 ; 4 Barr 51. 
 
 4. Of municipal officers, must be fixed by law, 5 Wr. 
 
 335. 
 
 5. Of corporate officers, 13 Wr. 118. 
 
 6. Attachment of, 5 C. 264; 12 Wr. 270. 
 
 SALE 
 
 Definition of, 4 W. 121; 6 W. & S. 357 ; 1 Barr 152; 1 H. 
 148; 8 C. 13; 2 Wr. 498; 13 S. 155. 
 
 SALE OF PERSONAL PROPERTY. 
 I. Private. 
 
 . 1. General rules as to, 1 Barr 190 ; 13 S. 152. 
 
 2. Not implied in law, 17 S. 443. 
 
 3. Controlled by lex loci, 6 B. 360 ; 1 P. & W. 117 ; 2 
 
 W. 131 ; 5 H. 91. 
 
 4. Conditional. See Bailment. 
 
 5. On Sunday. See Sabbath. 
 
 6. On "sale or return;" 2 H. 213; 16 S. 344. 
 
 7. When complete, 2 Gr. 139 ; 8 S. 103 ; 17 S. 443. 
 
 8. Proof op price, when omitted in contract, 4 H. 226; 
 
 6 S. 132. 
 
 9. Reservation of lien, validity of as to creditors, 5 
 
 S. & R. 277; 14 S. & R. 214; 4 W. 121; 1 Barr 190; 
 8 C. 12; 8 Wr. 431; 2 S. 408; 9 S.469; 14 S. 439. 
 See postea, 27. 
 
 10. When void for fraud, 16 S. & R. 384; 4 H. 200; 4 
 
 Wr. 417; 7 Wr. 507; 2 Gr. 309. See Contract; 
 Frauds. 
 
 11. Inferred from statement op vendor, 10 Barr 320. 
 
 44 
 
690 SALE OF PERSONAL PEOPERTY. 
 
 SALE OP PERSONAL FUOJ^EUIY— continued. 
 
 12. Implied warranty on. 
 
 Of title, 3 Y. 260; 1 S. & R. 42; 3 H. 125; 5 H. 316; 
 
 10 C. 147, 187, 236: 7 S. 482; 16 S. 344. 
 Of fitness, 7 H. 375; 3 Wr. 88; 16 S. 340; 18 S. 149. 
 Of soundness, 6 H. 206 ; 1 S. 259. 
 
 13. On credit, citstom as to, 4 Wr. 241; 1 S. 173. 
 
 14. For cash. 
 
 Implied condition in, 8 C. 13; 10 Wr. 286. 
 Effect of part payment on, 8 C. 13. 
 
 15. When goods have been stolen, 7 Wr. 507. 
 
 16. By common carrier, 8 S. & R. 500. 
 
 17. By descriptive title, 7 H. 375 ; 10 Wr. 268 ; 13 Wr. 
 
 36, 507. 
 
 18. By inspection, 7 H. 375 ; 3 Wr. 88. 
 
 19. By sample, 3 R. 23, 47, 168; 10 Barr 320; 7 H. 375; 
 
 2 Wr. 396 ; 6 S. 250 ; 16 S. 891. 
 
 20. By transfer of bill of lading, 2 D. 182 ; IB. 108 ; 
 
 6 S. & R. 429; 12 H. 521; 11 C. 239. 
 
 21. Sale of orb and limestone, 4 Wr. 341. See Ore. 
 
 22. Sale of timber, 7 Wr. 313 ; 13 Wr. 507. See Timber. 
 
 23. Sale of newspaper establishment, 5 W. & S. 521. 
 
 24. Sale of goods made in another state, 6 C. 286. 
 
 25. Sale op goods to be delivered at a specific time 
 
 and place, 7 Wr. 313; 12 Wr. 407. 
 
 26. When title passes, 1 Y. 478, 572; 2 Y. 347; 1 B. 
 
 521 ; 4 B. 258, 405; 3 S. & R. 20; 5 S. & R. 130, 
 287 ; 8 S. & R. 500 ; 9 S. & R. 244 ; 10 S. & R. 201, 
 419 ; 14 S. & R. 214; 17 S. & R. 99 ; 4 R. 260 ; 6 W. 
 29, 247 ; 2 Wh. 302 ; 6 Wh. 53, 69 ; 2 W. & S. 150 : 
 
 3 W. & S. 14, 20 ; 6 W. & S. 95, 357 ; 8 W. & S. 
 232; 1 Barr 190; 2 Barr 318; 3 Barr 50, 224, 442; 
 6 Barr 447; 7 Barr 89, 140: 1 H. 149; 3 H. 125, 
 217; 6 H. 92; 9 H. 359; 12 H. 14, 217; 1 C. 209; 6 
 C. 856 ; 7 C. 128 ; 1 Wr. 187 ; 2 Wr. 491 ; 10 Wr. 
 850; 14 Wr. 212; 2 Gr. 189; 1 S. 66; 3 S. 335; 6 
 S. 322 ; 8 S. 103; 12 S. 247; 13 S. 59, 152. 
 
 27. As to actual delivery of possession under con- 
 
 tract, 1 D. 106, 157, 171, 193 ; 2 D. 146; 1 Y. 94, 
 527, 529; 1 B. 521 ; 4 B. 258, 405; 5 B. 892; 3 S. & 
 R. •26; 4 S. & R. 128; 5 S. & R. 275; 10 S. & R. 
 201, 419; 11 S. & R. 200; 14 S. & R. 214; 17 
 S. & R. 99; 4 R. 260; 1 P. & W. 57; 2 P. & 
 
SALE OF PEllSONAL PROPEKTY. 691 
 
 SALE OF PEllSONAL TROVERTY— continued. 
 
 W. 263; 4 W. 121; 5 W. 201, 262, 283, 485; 6 W. 
 29, 53, 57, 69; 10 W. 487; 2 Wh. 301; 5 Wh. 546; 
 6 Wh. 53 ; 2 W. & S. 147 ; 3 W. & S. 14, 56, 295 ; 5 
 W. & S. 307 ; 6 W. & S. 94, 357 ; 8 W. & S. 232 ; 1 
 Barr 190; 2 Barr 318; 3 Barr 50, 224, 328,403, 
 442; 4 Barr 169, 170; 6 Barr 121 ; 7 Barr 89, 90, 
 146; 1 H. 149; 2 H. 100, 263; 3 H. 125, 206, 215, 
 217, 513, 528 ; 5 H. 360 ; 6 H. 91 ; 8 H. 194, 199 ; 9 
 H. 98; 10 H. 460; 12 H. 9, 14; 2 C. 58, 72, 262; 5 
 C. 288, 356 ; 6 C. 539; 7 C. 128, 264. 324; 8 C. 13; 
 
 1 Wr. 187 ; 2 Wr. 396 ; 4 Wr. 352 ; 7 Wr. 104 ; 8 Wr. 
 204, 407; 9 Wr. 449; 10 Wr. 135; 12 Wr. 413; 13 
 Wr. 394; 1 Gr. 207; 2 Gr. 431; 3 Gr. 144; 1 S. 
 66; 3 S. 256; 4 S. 514; 8 S. 200; 9 S. 464; 12 S. 
 242, 247 ; 13 S. 18, 59, 153; 14 S. 352. 
 
 28. As TO CONSTRUCTIVE DELIVERY, 2 D. 182; 1 B. 108 ; 5 
 
 S. & R. 275, 286 ; 6 S. & R. 429; 2 P. & W. 263; 3 
 W. & S. 298 ; 5 Barr 320; 7 Barr 89 ; 12 H. 9, 76, 
 521; 2 C. 59, 72; 6 0. 383, 539; 11 0. 239; 8 Wr. 
 407, 412 ; 2 Gr. 139 ; 3 S. 256 ; 4 S. 514 ; 5 S. 393 ; 
 12 S. 250 ; 13 S. 18, 152 ; 14 S. 352. 
 
 29. When delivery is complete, 7 Barr 145; 12 H. 325; 
 
 2 Wr. 396 ; 2 Gr. 309; 1 S. 66; 3 S. 335; 5 S. 300, 
 393 ; 6 S. 322 ; 8 S. 200 ; 12 S. 242, 247 ; 13 S. 18, 
 153, 20 S. 443. 
 
 30. Effect of non-delivery of possession, 4 D. 208 ; 1 B. 
 
 525; 4 B. 258; 4 S. & R. 128; 5 S. & R. 275; 9 S. 
 & R. 244; 10 S. & R. 201; 12 S. & R. 198; 14 S. & 
 R. 214; 17 S. & R. 19, 201 ; 4 R. 260; 4 W. 121 ; 5 
 W. 201, 262 ; 6 W. 69 ; 2 Wh. 301 ; 6 Wh. 53 ; 3 W. 
 & S. 14 ; 6 W. & S. 357, 359 ; 1 Barr 190 ; 3 Barr 50, 
 224, 328 ; 6 Barr 121 ; 2 H. 100 ; 3 H. 528 ; 5 H. 316, 
 360; 12 H. 14, 217; 8 C. 12;4 Wr. 352; 7 Wr. 104; 
 8 Wr. 204, 407; 9 Wr. 449; 10 Wr. 268; 12 Wr. 
 413; 13 Wr. 29, 394; 1 Gr. 261; 2 Gr. 139 ; 1 S. 26; 
 
 3 S. 256; 7 S. 346; 9 S. 464; 12 S. 247; 13 S. 
 153. 
 
 31. Effect of temporary change op possession, 3 S. 256. 
 
 32. Effect op concurrent possession, 5 Wh. 545 ; 1 Barr 
 
 191; 3 Barr 224; 2 H. 100; 12 H. 9 ; 2 C. 70, 74; 7 
 Wr. 104; 8 Wr. 407,412; 9 S. 464; 14 S. 352. 
 
 33. Rights op vendor on non-payment. 
 
 To retain the goods sold, 1 Y. 199 ; 3 S. & R. 20 ; 1 H. 
 
 146, 149; 9 H. 372; 2 Wr. 396; 10 Wr. 268. 
 To reclaim. See Stoppage in Transitu. 
 
692 SALE OF REAL PROPERTY. 
 
 SALE OF PERSONAL VROVERTY— continued. 
 
 To action for price, 6 B. 198 ; 1 S. & R. 477 ; 4 R. 273 ; 
 
 7 W. 213; 5H. 51; 13 Wr. 36. 
 To action for loss on resale, 12 S. 148. 
 Of assignee of vendor, 9 Barr 90. 
 34. Liability of vendor. 
 
 To action for non-delivery, 11 S. & R. 200; 5 W. & S. 
 
 106; 4H. 226; 4 0.215; 10 Wr. 135, 268 ; 12 
 
 Wr.407; 1 Gr. 261; 6 S. 100. 
 After offer of vendee to pay, 4 S. 203. 
 To action for repayment of purchase-money, 5 W. & S. 
 
 106; 12 H. 190. 
 To return or loss on resale of defective goods, 1 H. 56 ; 
 
 3H. 126; 5H. 310; 16 S. 344. 
 
 II. Public sale. 
 
 1. Advertisement of controlled by conditions, 2 P. & 
 
 W. 211 ; 1 W. & S. 552 ; 2 Barr 74. 
 
 2. How affected by declaration of crier, 2 Barr 74 ; 
 
 1 H. 121; 12 Wr. 68. 
 
 3. Delivery op goods without compliance with condi- 
 
 tions, 1 H. 146. 
 
 4. Admissibility of conditions in evidence, 7 W. «fe S. 
 
 32. 
 
 5. Condition to pay cost of resale, construed, 2 R. 
 
 326. 
 
 6. Conditions must not be changed at re-sale, 2 R. 326. 
 
 7. As TO BIDDING AT. See Auction. 
 
 SALE OF REAL PROPERTY. 
 
 I. Under Act of Assembly, 14 S. & R. 435. 
 
 II. Under directions in last will, 2 D. 223, 291 ; 1 Y. 
 
 423; IB. 546; 9 S. & R. 24; 1 Barr 368; 5 Barr 273; 
 10 Barr 440; 10 II. 140; 8 C. 265; 1 Wr. 300; 2 Wr. 
 475; 3 Wr. 414; 16 S. 498. See Orphans' Court; 
 Wills. 
 
 III. By order of Orphans' Court. See Orphans' Court. 
 
 IV. Under the Price Act, 8 C. 434; 11 C. 47: 12 C. 338; 
 1 Wr. 95, 97, 100; 7 S. 213. 
 
 V. Of unproductive lands, 1 Wr. 300. 
 
 VI. Parol contract for. 
 
 1. When void under Statute of Frauds. See Fraud, 
 
 V. 14. 
 
 2. When valid under Statute of Frauds. See Fraud, 
 
 V. 14. 
 
SALE OF REAL PROPERTY. 693 
 
 SALE OF REAL VRO'PEnTY— continued. 
 
 3. Effect of on title of vendor, 8 S. & R. 381; 14 S. 
 
 & R. 354; 10 H. 225; 1 Wr. 419; 3 Wr. 384; 4 
 Wr. 206 ; 9 Wr. 308 ; 12 Wr. 361. 
 
 4. Proof of, 14 S. & R. 354; 3 W. & S. 344; 10 H. 2255 
 
 4 Wr. 206 ; 12 Wr. 361. 
 
 VII. Written contract for. 
 
 1. As TO FORM OF, 4 D. 89; 4B. 4, 31; 2 W. 322; 4 W. 
 
 436; 3 W. & S. 525 ; 5 W. & S. 334; 7 H. 304; 1 
 0. 182. 
 
 2. Execution of after death op vendor, 3 H. 429. 
 
 3. Alteration of, 2 H. 308. See Alteration. 
 
 4. Correction of mistake in, 3 R. 345 ; 9 W. 9 ; 2 Barr 
 
 122. See Parol Evidence. 
 
 5. Abandonment of. See Abandonment. 
 
 6. Rescission of. See Contract, II. 24. 
 
 7. Transfer op, 5 H. 319. 
 
 8. When equivalent to a conveyance, 1 Y. 193, 328 ; 
 
 2 Y. 107, 399 ; 4 Y. 295 ; 3 S. & R. 359 ; 2 W. & S. 
 268; 3 W. & S. 334; 7 W. & S. 41 ; 3 H. 319; 9 C. 
 247; 1 Wr. 419; 3 Wr. 473; 9 Wr. 368. 
 
 9. Not prevented by the existence of liens, 2 Gr. 339. 
 
 10. Not a mere chose in action, 3 H. 319. 
 
 11. For future transfer, of title, 2 Y. 420; 4 Y. 295; 
 
 4 B. 77 ; 8 S. & R. 381 ; 3 W. 486 ; 10 W. 422 ; 4 
 Wh. 230; 4 W. & S. 472; 2 J. 27 ; 1 Wr. 201 ; 13 
 Wr. 88 ; 6 S. 343. 
 
 12. Need not be signed by vendee, 10 W. 387; 1 J. 503; 
 
 2 Gr. 209; 6 S. 424; 9 S. 275. 
 
 13. Equitable relation established by, 8 C. 280. 
 
 14. In consideration of services. See Services. 
 
 15. When closed, 13 S. & R. 160; 10 W. 422; 4 Wh. 
 
 230; 1 W. & S. 443; 5 W. & S. 60. 
 
 16. Effect of on title, 4 Y. 295 ; 8 S. & R. 425, 440; 8 
 
 W. & S. 186; 5 Barr 118, 122; 10 Barr 457, 459; 2 
 H. 108, 112; 2 C. 178. 
 
 17. Agreement to pay purchase-money need not be in 
 
 writing, 6 S. 424. 
 
 18. For sale of land in Louisiana, 8 C. 465. 
 
 19. Merger of in conveyance, 10 S. & R. 55; 1 R. 377; 
 
 2 P. & W. 533; 10 W. 422; 3 Wh. 316; 1 W. & S. 
 83; 4 H. 25. AS'ee Merger. 
 
694 SALE OF REAL PROPERTY. 
 
 SALE OF REAL TROVERTY— continued. 
 
 20. Rescission of contract, 3 H. 429: 6 Wr. 165; 7 Wr. 
 37. See Contract. 
 VIII. Judicial construction of contract. 
 
 1. General rules, 2 Y. 420; 4 Y. 295; 4 B. 77; 4 W. & 
 
 S. 302; 5 W. & S. Ill; 3 Barr 72; 9 Barr 220; 8 H. 
 344; 11 H. 316. 
 
 2. General intention governs, 5 W. & S. Ill; 8 H. 
 
 344. 
 
 3. When date has been omitted, 3 W. & S. 486. 
 
 4. When time is essential, 11 S. & R. 450 ; 5 W. 420 ; 
 
 9 W. 49; 2 C. 249; 7 C. 314. 
 
 5. As to location and quantity of land to be conveyed, 
 
 6 B. 113 ; 13 S. & R. 136, 143 ; 2 P. & W. 241 : 2 W. 
 318 ; 2 W. & S. 22 ; 4 W. & S. 472 ; 5 W. & S. 60 ; 
 
 3 C. 182. 
 
 6. When description refers to unopened roads or 
 
 streets, 10 Barr 135; 2 C. 223; 12 Wr. 253; 14 
 Wr. 499 ; 6 S. 343. 
 
 7. When land is sold by the acre, 4 W. 402. 
 
 When mode of ascertaining quantity of land is provided 
 for, 3 W. & S. 365. 
 
 8. When in consideration of services. See Services. 
 
 9. As to words of inheritance in, 1 Y. 393. 
 
 10. As to words "do sell and deliver" in, 1 Y. 328. 
 
 11. As TO WORDS "ON CONDITION" IN, 4 W. & S. 302. 
 
 12. As TO covenant in for clear deed, 7 W. 227; 3 W. 
 
 & S. 563; 1 J. 127; 9 S. 189. 
 18. As TO covenant to convey with general warranty, 
 
 4 W. & S. 316. 
 
 14. As TO provision for interest, 4 W. & S. 316. 
 
 15. As to exceptions and reservations in, 9 W. & S. 44. 
 
 See Reservation. 
 
 16. When sale is subject to encumbrances, 7 W. 144; 2 
 
 Barr 72; 5 Barr 408. 
 
 17. When land is in another state, 8 C. 465. 
 
 18. When there has been part performance of con- 
 
 tract, 3 S. & R. 543; 10 Barr 232. See Fraud, 
 V. 14. 
 
 19. When there is a partial failure of title, 3 Y. 6 ; 
 
 3 B. 355; 7 W. & S. 174; 2 Barr 122. See Pur- 
 chase-money. 
 
SALE OF REAL PROPERTY. 695 
 
 SALE OP REAL VROVERTY— continued. 
 IX. Rights of vendee. 
 
 1. On execution of contract of sale, 11 H. 99. 
 
 2. Under unexecuted contract, 3 Wr. 384. 
 
 3. To conveyance, 1 Barr 477; 1 C. 436; 9 C. 192; 1 
 
 Gr. 84. 
 
 4. To EXAMINE TITLE DEEDS, 10 H. 22. 
 
 5. To REFUSE DEED WITH BLANKS, 4 B. 1. 
 
 6. To POSSESSION, 2 Y. 294; 3 Y. 177; 4 Y. 192; 2 S. & 
 
 R. 352; 10 S. & R. 39, 103; 4 W. 287; 7 W. 144; 3 
 W. & S. 481 ; 9 W. & S. 197 ; 5 Barr 121 ; 8 H. 105 ; 
 2 C. 249, 252; 7 Wr. 260; 10 Wr. 537; 11 Wr. 353. 
 
 7. As AGAINST TENANT OF VENDOR, 7 W. 43; 2 C. 95. 
 
 8. To REFUSE IMPERFECT TITLE, 2 S. & R. 65 ; 17 S. & R. 
 
 396, 437 ; 1 P. & W. 441 ; 3 W. 367 ; 9 W. 103 ; 10 
 W. 413 ; 3 W. & S. 563; 5 W. & S. 311 ; 2 Barr 34 ; 
 4 Barr 101 ; 4 H. 377 ; 8 Wr. 363 ; 10 Wr. 229 ; 4 S. 
 455 ; 14 S. 9, 17. 
 
 9. To REFUSE PECUNIARY COMPENSATION FOR DEFECTIVE 
 
 TITLE, 2 Barr 34. 
 
 10. To PROPER APPURTENANCES OF LAND PURCHASED, 6 S. & 
 
 R. 71. 
 
 11. To FIXTURES, 9 Barr 491. See Fixtures. 
 
 12. As TO covenant of warranty, 12 H. 128 ; 12 Wr. 73. 
 
 13. As TO ACTS of vendor before conveyance, 10 W. 
 
 222. 
 
 14. To defalk from purchase-money for injury done by 
 
 holder of adverse title, 14 wr. 513. 
 
 15. to defalk for cost of defending title, 2 w. 246 ; 2 
 
 W. k S. 365. 
 
 16. To CREDIT FOR LIENS PAID OR PURCHASED, 16 S. & R. 
 
 261; 5 Wh. 26; 1 W. & S. 420; 7 W. & S. 454; 7 
 Barr 119; 2 J. 186. 
 
 17. To CREDIT FOR COSTS OP PERFECTING TITLE, 2 W. & S. 
 
 365. 
 
 18. To CREDIT FOR OVER-DUE TAXES PAID, 1 J. 58. 
 
 19. To CREDIT FOR PURCHASE-MONEY PAID ON ACCOUNT, 16 
 
 S. &R. 268; 6 Barr 254. 
 
 20. To CREDIT FOR EASEMENTS, 6 S. & R. 71, 227 ; 4 W. 
 
 223; 10 W. 422; 6 Wh. 307; 8 Barr 500. 
 
 21. To BENEFIT ARISING BETWEEN CONTRACT AND CONVEY- 
 
 ANCE, 8 S. & R. 440 ; 7 W. 143 ; 5 Barr 121. 
 
696 SALE OF REAL PROPERTY. 
 
 SALE OF REAL VROVEHTY— continued. 
 
 22. To INSURANCE MONEY, 7 H. -45; 9 H. 513 ; 8 Wr. 200. 
 
 23. As AGAINST SECRET TRUSTS AND LIENS, 2 B. 497; 14 S. 
 
 & R. 333; 16 S. & R. 268; 2 W. 459; 7 W. 156; 
 5 Wh. 170; 4 W. & S. 102 ; 7 W. & S. 406 ; 7 Barr 
 340; 9 Barr 405; 10 Barr 283; 1 J. 399; 1 H. 636; 
 3 H. 343: 5 H. 434; 10 H. 120; 11 H. 421; 1 C. 
 71, 264 ; 1 Wr. 315 ; 6 Wr. 250 ; 10 Wr. 380 ; 11 Wr. 
 96; 9 S. 393; 11 S. 298. 
 ' 24. Where defects in title are known, 13 S. & R. 386 ; 
 
 3 P. & W. 447 ; 6 W. 87 ; 3 W. & S. 563 ; 6 Barr 
 254; 5 H. 433; 3 Wr. 84; 7 Wr. 231; 10 Wr. 380; 
 2 Gr. 89. 
 
 25. Where vendor of imperfect title acquires a valid 
 
 ONE, 2 Y. 60. 
 
 26. On judicial sale of title under lien older than 
 
 contract, 9 S. & R. 397 ; 5 W. 412; 3 H. 382 ; 2 C. 
 178; 4C. 139; 8 C. 121. 
 
 27. To be party to scire facias on judgment, 1 P. & W. 
 
 71; 2 W. 379; 1 H. 38. 
 
 28. To retain purchase-money for deficiency in land, 
 
 encumbrances, &c. See Purchase-money 12. 
 
 29. To waive defect in title, 8 Wr. 363. 
 
 30. To grain in ground, 1 R. 353; 1 P. & W. 471 ; 3 W. 
 
 394; 7 W. 379; 9 W. 46. 
 
 31. As to rescission of contract, 2 W. 256 ; 3 W. 367 ; 
 
 4 W. 146; 2 Barr 57, 240; 2 Gr. 113; 17 S. 25, 28;- 
 4 S. 203. See Contract. 
 
 32. As against vendor for improvements, 6 Barr 254; 12 
 
 H. 135. 
 
 33. To damages for non-performance op contract, 4 D. 
 
 130, 152 ; 11 S. & R. 238 ; 2 W. 343 ; 7 W. 530; 1 
 W. & S. 346; 2 W. & S. 418; 3 W. & S. 563; 8 
 Barr 500; 4 C. 124; 8 C. 18; 10 C. 319, 418; 1 Gr. 
 123, 307; 6 S. 28. 
 
 34. To damages for eviction, 10 Wr. 229. See Eviction. 
 
 35. Of heirs of, after part performance of contract, 3 
 
 Barr 256. 
 X. Duty of vendee. 
 
 1. As TO PAYMENT OF PURCHASE-MONEY, 10 Wr. 286 ; 6 S. 
 
 343. 
 
 2. When title is not procured by vendor, 11 S. & R. 
 
 351. 
 
SALE OF REAL PROPERTY. 697 
 
 SALE OF REAL VRO?EUTY— continued. 
 
 3. As TO CONTRIBUTION FOR PAYMENT OF COMMON LIEN, 
 
 7 Wr. 326. 
 
 4. Where title is defective, 4 W. 146; 8 W. 427; 3 H. 
 
 429 ; 3 C. 418 ; 4 S. 203. 
 
 5. To SURRENDER OF POSSESSION OR PAYMENT, 1 S. & R. 
 
 84 ; 2 W. 478 ; 4 W. 146; 3 0. 418; 7 Wr. 260. 
 
 6. Under contract to pay in instalments, 1 J. 295. 
 
 7. In action to recover possession, 2 Y. 344. 
 
 8. Before rescinding contract, 3 H. 429. 
 
 9. To indemnify vendor against liens included as part 
 
 of purchase-money, 17 S. & R. 94 ; 3 W. 70 ; 5 Wh. 
 253; 12 Wr. 491. 
 
 XL Liability of vendee. 
 
 1. For fraud, 2 W. 66; 7 W. 86; 12 S. 66. 
 
 2. To prove consideration for sale, 3 S. & R. 355 ; 4 
 
 W. 359; 10 W. 29, 82; 2 Wh. 302; 5 Barr 151; 2 
 J. 116; 4 H. 497; 1 C. 360; 4 C. 419; 12 S. 66. 
 
 3. For misconduct at sale, 4 D. 224. 
 
 4. After tender of deed and demand for purchase- 
 
 money, 6 S. 343. 
 
 5. On purchase with known defect op title, 13 S. & 
 
 R. 386; 3 P. & W. 447; 6 W. 87; 3 W. & S. 563; 
 6 Barr 254 ; 5 H. 433 ; 3 Wr. 84; 7 Wr. 231 ; 10 Wr. 
 380 ; 2 Gr. 89. 
 
 6. Of equitable title, 11 S. & R. 387; 2 W. 459; 10 
 
 W. 13 ; 7 Barr 165 ; 3 Wr. 463 ; 5 Wr. 255. 
 
 7. For acts op vendor before conveyance, 10 W. 222. 
 
 8. As to property sold in fraud of trust, 4 Wr. 417. 
 
 9. For previous liens and contracts op vendor, 1 Y. 
 
 291, 521; 16 S. & R. 18, 266; 3 R. 183; 7 W. 9, 
 156; 8W. 422; 2 Wh. 138; 5 Wh. 170; IJ. 163; 
 1 0. 71; 8 C. 121; 4 Wr. 132; 13 Wr. 518; 4 S. 
 130; 11 S. 298. 
 
 10. To lien op vendor, 1 Y. 393; 4 Y. 300; 7 S. & R. 
 
 118; 9S. &R. 71; 16 S. & R. 292; 17 S. & R. 94; 
 1 P. & W. 474; 4 W. 146 ; -^ W. 227 ; 9 W. 567 ; 8 
 W. & S. 304; 12 H. 105. See Purchase-money. 
 
 11. For loss between contract and conveyance, 8 S. & 
 
 R. 440; 7 W. 143; 5 Barr 121. 
 
 12. For non-compliance with conditions of sale, 5 W. 
 
 164; 4 Barr 132; 3 0.462. 
 
698 SALE OF REAL PROPERTY. 
 
 SALE OF REAL VRO'PERTY— continued. 
 
 13. As TO INSURANCE ON PROPERTY, 8 Wr. 200. 
 
 14. For interest, 2 W. & S. 365 ; 4 W. & S. 316 ; 8 Barr 
 
 430. 
 
 15. To JUDGMENT AND SALE OF HIS INTEREST IN THE LAND, 
 
 9 s: & R. 397; 16 S. & R. 20, 294, 425; 2 W. 373; 
 8 W. 422 ; 3 Barr 79 ; IJ. 83, 93 ; 3 H. 319. 
 
 16. To PRIOR EQUITIES, 5 Wr. 256 ; 8 Wr. 18 ; 13 Wr. 457. 
 
 17. As TO LIENS, &C., PRESERVED BY PAROL AND WITHOUT 
 
 NOTICE, 2 B. 497; 14 S. & R. 383; 16 S. & R. 268; 
 2 W. 459; 7 W. 156; 5 Wh. 170; 4 W. & S. 102; 7 
 W. & S. 406; 2 Barr 340 ; 10 Barr 283; 1 J. 399 ; 
 1 H. 636; 8 H. 343; 5 H. 434; 1 C. 264; 1 Wr. 
 315'; 6 Wr. 259; 10 Wr. 380; 11 Wr. 96. 
 
 18. For deficiency in price on resale, 2 P. & W. 211 ; 
 
 1 Barr 30; 2 Barr 74. 
 
 19. For encumbrances included as part of purchase- 
 
 money, 7 S. & R. 43; 17 S. & R. 94; 3 W. 60, 70; 
 5 Wh. 253 ; 4 W. <s S. 45 ; 5 Barr 193 ; 8 H. 281 ; 11 
 H. 88 ; 13 Wr. 13 ; 2 S. 138 ; 4 S. 130. 
 
 20. For acts and admissions. See Admissions and Decla- 
 
 rations. 
 
 21. For allowing judicial sale of land when purchase- 
 
 money IS DUE VENDOR, 5 Wh. 26 ; 7 W. & S. 454 ; 7 
 Barr 117 ; 2 J. 186. 
 
 22. Sale of interest of for purchase-money, effect of, 
 
 16 S. & R. 292 ; 1 P. & W. 474; 5 W. 412 ; 7 Barr 
 82; 8 C. 279. 
 
 XIL Rights of vendors under contract for sale of 
 real property. 
 
 1. To LIEN against VENDEE, 1 Y. 393; 4 Y. 300; 6 B. 
 
 118 ; 7 S. & R. 76 ; 3 W. 163 ; 4 Barr 132 ; 9 Barr 
 90 ; 2 Wr. 9. 
 
 2. To RECOVER purchase-money, 9 S. & R. 71 ; 4 W. 146 ; 
 
 7 W. 227 ; 9 W. 567 ; 10 Wr. 96 ; 1 S. 119. 
 
 3. To CONVEY without being in possession, 6 B. 416. 
 
 4. To AVOID deed by proof of insanity, 1 p. & W. 32 ; 
 
 5 Wh. 371. 
 
 5. To insure after contract of sale, 9 H. 513. 
 
 6. To ejectment, 1 Y. 12 ; 6 W. 164 ; 7 W. 144 ; 9 W. 
 
 15 ; 3 Wh. 18 ; 1 J. 334; 2 H. 331, 342. See Eject- 
 ment. 
 
 7. to relief from encumbrances, 7 s. & r. 43 ; 17 s. 
 
 6 R. 94 ; 3 W. 70 ; 5 Wh. 253 ; 4 W. & S. 45. 
 
SALE OF REAL PROPERTY. 699 
 
 SALE OF REAL PROPERTY— conizwMei. 
 
 8. To POSSESSION OF LAND OR PURCHASE-MONEY, 1 S. & R. 
 
 84 ; 2 W. 478 ; 4 W. 146 ; 3 C. 418 ; 7 Wr. 260. 
 
 9. As AGAINST VENDEE WHO CLAIMS UNDER ADVERSE TITLE 
 
 3 C. 418. 
 
 10. On RESALE OF LAND, 2 P. & W. 211 ; 1 Barr 30 ; 2 
 
 Barr 74. 
 
 11. To ACTION FOR INJURY TO LAND AFTER CONTRACT OF 
 
 SALE, 5 Barr 118. 
 
 12. To DAMAGES ON RESCISSION OF CONTRACT, 1 Barr 30. 
 
 See Contract. 
 
 13. To MESNE PROFITS, 6 W. & S. 343. 
 
 14. To RETAIN TITLE UNTIL PERFORMANCE OF CONTRACT, 1 
 
 S. & R. 84; 2 W. 478; 9 C. 192; 4 Barr 132; 7 Wr. 
 260. 
 
 15. To WAY-GOING CROPS, 9 H. 90. See Crops. 
 
 16. To INVALIDATE DEED BY SUBSEQUENT DECLARATIONS, 1 
 
 Y. 291 ; 3 Y. 172 ; 4 Y. 346 ; 1 S. & R. 101. 
 
 17. To BE PARTY TO ACTION OF DOWER, 2 J. 149. 
 
 18. To TESTIFY, 4 D. 436; 1 Y. 295; 2 Y. 91, 219; 3 Y. 
 
 172, 427 ; 2 B. 95, 108 ; 6 B. 500 ; 1 S. & R. 102 ; 2 
 S. & R. 415 ; 4 S. & R. 494 ; 5 W. 308 ; 9 W. 161 ; 
 7 Barr 75; 4 Wr. 515; 6 Wr. 173; 14 Wr. 261. 
 
 19. On sheriff's sale of vendee's interest in land, 4 W. 
 
 471 ; 5 W. 417 ; 10 W. 436 ; 7 Barr 81 ; 12 H. 105 ; 
 10 C. 309. 
 
 20. On sale for unpaid purchase-money, 16 S. & R. 
 
 292 ; 1 P. & W. 474 ; 4 W. 465 ; 7 Barr 82; 8 C. 279. 
 
 XIII. Duties of vendor. 
 
 1. In action to enforce specific performance, 2 Y. 
 
 344 ; 4 B. 31 ; 1 S. & R. 80 ; 2 S. & R. 352 ; 9 S. & 
 R. 212; 11 S. & R. 238; 2 W. 478; 5 W. 164; 6 W. 
 464 ; 2 H. 143 ; 4 S. 455. 
 
 2. As to warranty, 5 W. 368; 12 H. 128; 10 Wr. 229. 
 
 3. As to perfecting title, 10 Wr. 96; 17 S. 25. 
 
 4. As trustee of vendee, 10 0. 74; 1 Gr. 67. 
 
 5. As to representation in reference to title, 11 S. 
 
 427. 
 
 6. When unable to perfect title, 2 Barr 34. 
 
 XIV. Liability of vendor. 
 
 1. On ADMISSIONS. See Admissions and Declarations. 
 
 2. For fraudulent conduct, 16 S. & R. 198; 3 Gr. 333. 
 
700 SATISFACTION OF LIENS. 
 
 SALE OP REAL VROYERTY— continued. 
 
 3. To REIMBURSE VENDEE FOR EXPENSES OF EJECTMENT, 2 
 
 W. 246;2 W. & S. 365. 
 
 4. To REPAY VENDEE FOR TAX ASSESSED ON TENANT, 1 J. 
 
 58. 
 
 5. For misconduct at sale, 2 P. & W. 211. 
 
 6. On recitals in deed. Se.e Recital. 
 
 7. To estoppel by deed. See Estoppel. 
 
 8. On judgment after contract to sell, 2 S. & R. 11 ; 
 
 16 S. & R. 18, 21, 266, 292, 431. 
 
 9. As TO judgment on vendor's interest after sale, 9 
 
 S. & R. 397; 16 S. & R. 20, 294, 425; 2 W. 373; 8 
 W. 422; IJ. 83,93. 
 
 10. On sale of defective title, 2 S. & R. 65 ; 1 P. & W. 
 
 441 ; 3 W. 367 ; 9 W. 103 ; 10 W. 418 ; 3 W. & S. 
 563; 5 W. & S. 311; 2 Barr 34; 4 Barr 101 ; 4 H. 
 377 ; 6 S. 103. See Purchase-money. 
 
 11. For breach of covenant to convey, 4 D. 130, 152 ; 1 
 
 B. 450; 11 S. & R. 238; 2 W. 343; 7 W. 530; 1 W. 
 & S. 346 ; 2 W. & S. 418 ; 3 W. & S. 563 ; 8 Barr 
 197, 500 ; 9 Barr 235, 260 ; 9 H. 417; 5 C. 254; 10 
 
 C. 319, 418, 475; 1 Gr. 123, 307; 6 S. 28, 424. 
 XV. Entry by, when adverse, 10 W. 289. 
 
 SALESMAN. 
 
 Authority of, 2 H. 105. 
 
 SALVAGE. 
 
 1. When allowed, 4 D. 34, 37, 43. 
 
 2. Jurisdiction of District Court in case of, 3 D. 198. 
 
 3. Value how estimated, 3 D. 190; 4 D. 37. 
 
 SAMPLE. 
 
 1. Sale by, discussed, 3 R. 23, 47, 168 ; 10 Barr 320; 7 H. 
 
 375; 2 Wr. 396; 6 S. 250; 16 S. 391. 
 
 2. Implied warranty on, 3 R. 23, 168 ; 10 Barr 320 ; 2 
 
 Wr. 396. 
 
 SANITY. See Deed ; Lunatic ; Will. 
 
 SATISFACTION OF LIENS. 
 
 1. Entry of, 10 S. & R. 391 ; 7 W. 479 ; 5 Wh. 541 ; 9 Barr 
 
 32; 12 H. 47. 
 
 2. When not conclusive as to debt, 9 Barr 32 ; 12 H. 47; 
 
 5 C. 401. See Judgment; Mortgage. 
 
 3. Effect of on right to subrogation, 8 H. 41. 
 
SATISFACTION OF LIENS— SCIRE FACIAS. 701 
 
 SATISFACTION OF LIE^S— continued. 
 
 4. Penalty for not entering, 13 S. & R. 102 ; 1 Wh. 186. 
 
 5. When levy is equivalent to. See Fieri Facias, IX. 14. 
 
 SAVING FUND ASSOCIATION. 
 
 1. What are, within Acts of 1858 and 1859, 18 S. 67. 
 
 2. Rights of members. 
 
 To credit for shares of stock, 11 C. 223. 
 
 3. Liability of members. 
 
 To depositors, 14 Wr. 439. 
 
 4. Premium on loans discussed, 11 C. 223; 18 S. 67. 
 
 5. Taxation of, 9 Barr 359. 
 
 SCHOOL DIRECTORS AND CONTROLLERS. See Pub- 
 lic Schools. 
 
 SCHOOL HOUSE. 
 
 1. Grant op land for, construed, 3 Barr 436. 
 
 2. Abandonment of, 3 Barr 436 ; 9 Barr 433: 
 
 SCHUYLKILL COUNTY. 
 
 1. Criminal Court of under Act of 1867 sustained, 19 S. 9. 
 
 2. Act relative to taxes in, construed, 8 H. 329, 369. 
 
 3. Action against surety of tax collector in, 11 H. 182. 
 
 SCHUYLKILL NAVIGATION COMPANY. 
 
 1. Right of to erect dams in Swatara. See Swatara. 
 
 2. Liability of for injury, 7 H. 15; 9 C. 73; 19 S. 161. 
 
 SCHUYLKILL RIVER. 
 
 1. Admiralty jurisdiction over, 1 D. 49. 
 
 2. Navigation of not to be impeded without compensa- 
 
 tion, 18 S. 106. 
 
 3. Power of port wardens over, 6 Wr. 209. 
 
 SCIRE FACIAS. 
 
 I. When original process, 16 S. 89. 
 
 II. Ad audiendum, 2 B. 257. 
 
 III. Ad computandum, 1 D. 81. 
 
 IV. Ad disputandum probandum, 1 Y. 495. 
 
 V. On award, 1 Y. 76; 6 B. 174. 
 
 VL Amendment of, 1 D. 133; 2 R. 56; 5 W. 315; 10 W. 
 343; 5 W. & S. 217; 9 S. 441. 
 
 VII. Rights of parties, included in, 5 Wh. 187. 
 
 VIII. On judgment. 
 
 1. Is not original process, 16 S. -89. 
 
702 SCIRP: facias. 
 
 SCIRE ¥AGIA.S— continued. 
 
 2. May issue after execution, 13 S. 230. 
 
 3. Object of, 10 C. 151 ; 1 S. 204. 
 
 4. To recover costs, 13 S. 230, 233. 
 
 5. PoRM of, 3 B. 169 ; 1 W. 374 ; 5 W. 352, 464 ; 1 W. & 
 
 S. 299; 7 W. & S. 276; 9 W. & S. 85; 1 Barr 215; 8 
 Ban- 122 ; 10 S. 441 ; 12 S. 370. 
 
 6. On several judgments in same case, 12 S. 370. 
 
 7. Amicable, 17 S. & R. 123; 2 R. 229 ; 1 P. & W. 64 ; 
 
 1 W. & S. 299; 7 Barr 65; 11 Wr. 67; 13 Wr. 
 155. 
 
 8. When in time, 7 S. & R. 120 ; 15 S. & R. 135 ; 8 H. 
 
 256 ; 1 S. 204. 
 
 9. While suit is in Supreme Court, 4 W. 201. 
 
 10. Wnen unnecessary, 3 p. & W. 417 ; 1 W. 60, 63 ; 6 
 
 Barr 465; 7 Barr 489 ; 6 H. 15 ; 13 S. 447. 
 
 11. On invalid and immature original, 3 Wh. 314 ; 2 
 , Wr. 9; 7 Wr. 278; 1 S. 116. 
 
 12. On transcript from justice, 8 S. & R. 479 ; 3 W. 
 
 381. 
 
 13. Necessity for, 10 C. 96. 
 
 14. When to be sued out, 3 B. 169; 8 S. & R. 369. 
 
 15. Effect of omission to sue out, 8 H. 256 ; 9 H. 86. 
 
 16. To be prosecuted without unnecessary delay, 3 S. 
 
 & R. 9 ; 4 W. 341 ; 1 Wr. 263; 1 S. 209. 
 
 17. Parties to. 
 
 Plaintiff, 8 S. & R. 452 ; 10 S. & R. 119 ; 16 S. & R. 
 
 416 ; 3 R. 361 ; 4 W. 325 ; 9 W. & S. 85 ; 10 S. 
 
 441. 
 Defendants generally, 4 Wh. 344. 
 Widow and heirs of deceased judgment debtors, 8 S. & R. 
 
 165 ; 13 S. & R. 14 ; 3 R. 273 ; 1 W. 411 ; 4 W. 
 
 325; 8 W. 124; 9 W. 513; 1 W. & S. 200; 4 W. & 
 
 S. 237; 8 W. & S. 165; 2 Barr 112; 9 Barr 
 
 249 ; 2 H. 42, 124 ; 7 H. 390, 391, 393 ; 11 H. 215, 
 
 410 ; 1 C. 457 ; 2 C. 95 ; 3 C. 136 ; 5 C. 342 ; 8 0. 
 
 259, 390; 12 C. 14, 156 ; 10 S. 180, 181. 
 Terre tenants, 1 S. & R. 540 ; 6 S. & R. 44 ; 8 S. & R. 
 
 4 ; 16 S. & R. 425 ; 3 R. 373 ; 1 P. & W. 152, 245; 
 
 3 P. & W. 229 ; 2 W. 373: 10 W. 87 ; 8 W. k S. 
 
 165 ; 9 W. & S. 13 ; 7 Barr 241 ; 8 Barr 93, 486 ; 
 
 10 Barr 381 ; 1 Wr. 263; 1 S. 212. 
 Married women, 11 Wr. 67. 
 
SCIKE FACIAS. 703 
 
 SCIRE YACIAS— continued. 
 
 Assignee for creditors, 1 S. 212, 
 Assignee of insolvent debtor, 1 H. 22. 
 Trustees of feme covert, 7 Barr 255. 
 
 18. Sekvice of weit of, 2 B. 218 ; 16 S. & R. 425 ; 3 R. 
 
 273; 1 P. & W. 71; 5 W. 531; 1 Barr 101; 1 H. 26, 
 509; 3H. 30; 12 Wr. 238. 
 
 19. Return to. 
 
 Effect of one nihil, 2 B. 40 ; 1 W. 26 ; 2 W. 491 ; 2 Wli. 
 
 365. 
 Effect of two nihils, 5 S. & R. 211; 2 W. 490; 4 W. 
 
 270; 2 Wh. 365. 
 Judgment on return of two nihils, 5 S. & R. 211 ; 4 W. 
 
 270. 
 
 20. Abandonment of, 3 S. & R. 9; 4 W. 341; 1 Wr. 263. 
 
 21. Declaration in, unnecessary, 5 S. & R. 147. 
 
 22. Pleas in, 5 S. & R. 65 ; IJ. 215; 1 Wr. 263; 20 S. 
 
 318. 
 
 23. What inquired into on trial of, 1 B. 289; 5 S. & R. 
 
 68 ; 10 S. & R. 119 ; 15 S. & R. 135; 4' W. 201 ; 9 
 W. 249 ; 3 Wh. 108 ; 5 W. & S. 217 ; 6 Barr 266 ; 7 
 Barr 128, 279 ; 2 J. 95; 2 H. 55; 1 Wr. 263; 2 Wr 
 16; 2 Gr. 400; 13 S. 202, 
 
 24. Basis of recovery on, 2 W. & S. 270; 3 W. & S. 28 
 
 2 Wr. 16 ; 7 Wr. 278. 
 
 25. Form of judgment on, 2 B. 40 ; 5 B. 56 ; 5 W. 464 
 
 7 W. 84, 464 ; 3 W. & S. 351 ; 9 W. & S. 189 ; 10 C 
 
 227. 
 
 26. Amount, how computed, 5 S. & R. 220 ; 10 Wr. 594 
 Effect of omission to liquidate on docket, 2 S. & R. 142; 
 
 1 P. & W. 72; 1 W. 54, 374; 11 Wr. 344 ; 1 S. 214. 
 
 27. Interest on, 5 S. & R. 220; 5 W. 464. 
 
 28. Effect of recovery. 
 
 As to original, 3 W. & S. 470 ; IJ. 419; 5 H. 870. 
 No bar to revival against terre tenant, 10 Barr 381. 
 As to lien, 2 B. 218; 3 B. 342; 5 B. 56; 5 S. & R. 
 
 220; 13 S. & R. 144; 2 R. 229; 3 R. 9; 4 R. 317; 
 
 1 P. & W. 64 ; 3 P. & W. 229 ; 1 W. 26, 344, 393, 
 
 395; 1 W. & S. 525; 2 W. & S. 220; 3 W. & S. 
 
 28; 5 W. & S. 352; 9 W. & S. 189; 2 Barr 263; 
 
 6 Barr 283; 7 Barr 65, 129; 10 C. 415; 11 C. 
 
 405; 1 Wr. 263; 2 Wr. 16; 7 Wr. 468; 1 S. 
 
 204. 
 Limit to lien of, 8 S. & R. 69; 3 R. 9; 1 W. 26. 
 On adverse titles, 8 Barr 480. 
 
704 SCIRE FACIAS— SCRIVENER. 
 
 SCIRE ^KQIK^— continued. 
 
 29. Costs on, 5 Barr 260; 5 H. 64; 10 W. 87. 
 
 IX. In justices' couet after transcript filed, 1 B. 381 J 
 8 S. & R. 479. 
 
 X. On mechanics' lien. See Mechanics' Lien. 
 
 XI. On mortgage. See Mortgage. 
 
 XII. On recognisance. 
 
 1. Of bail in error, 3 Y. 148; 6 S. & R. 573; 3 W. 298. 
 
 2. PoR APPEARANCE, 3 P. & W. 525; 9 W. 288; 1 W. & 
 
 S. 433. 
 
 3. Of BAIL OF CONSTABLE, 3 W. 208. 
 
 4. Of bail of sheriff, 10 S. & R. 231. 
 
 5. In Orphans' Court. 
 
 After death of cognisor, 6 S. & R. 44. 
 
 Against terre tenant, 7 S. & R. 1. 
 
 After judgment by default against cognisor, 7 S. & R. 1. 
 
 Evidence for defendant, 2 W. 200. 
 
 Verdict on, 2 W. 200. 
 
 Lien. of judgment on, 16 S. & R. 10; 3 W. 314. 
 
 XIII. Review of in error, 2 P. & W. 331 ; 2 W. 490. 
 
 SCIENTER. 
 
 No deceit on sale of chattels without, 4 H. 200. 
 
 SCIENTIFIC TESTIMONY. See Evidence; Expert. 
 
 SCOLD, COMMON. 
 
 Indictment for, 12 S. & R. 236; 2 S. 243. 
 
 SCRANTON. 
 
 Act establishing Mayor's Court in, construed, 15 S. 76. 
 Recorder of, within election clause in constitution, 15 S. 76. 
 Mayor's Court in, is a court of record, 15 S. 76. 
 
 SCRIP HOLDERS. 
 
 Of Lehigh Coal and Navigation Company. 
 Right of, to dividends, 13 Wr. 270. 
 
 SCRIVENER. 
 
 1. Mistake of. 
 
 Parol correction of, 10 S. & R. 329; 14 S. & R. 448; 1 P. 
 & W. 486; 3 W. 151; 2 Wh. 75; 7 W. & S. 394; 1 Barr 
 456; 4 Barr 166; 3 H. 323; 11 0. 212; 13 S. 367; 15 
 S. 477. See Parol Evidence. 
 
 2. Testimony of, as to meaning of instrument, 6 W. 345 ; 
 
 4 Barr 119; 7 H. 287; 2 Wr. 376; 10 Wr. 420. 
 
SCULL, JAMES— SECRETARY. 706 
 
 SCULL, JAMES. 
 
 Letters of, ■when evidence, 3 Y. 23. 
 
 SEA. 
 
 Offences committed on, where cognisable, 4 Y. 125. 
 
 SEAL. 
 
 1. What form of is valid, 1 D. 64; 1 B. 90; 4 R. 165; 1 
 
 W. 822; 8 W. &S. 382. 
 
 2. Of corporation. 
 
 How proved, 6 S. & R. 12; 7 S. & R. 313; 4 R. 163; 
 1 C. 303 ; 4 Wr. 458. 
 
 3. Recital of, will not dispense with, 2 S. & R. 502. 
 
 4. Of Commonwealth. 
 
 Requires no proof, 4 D. 416. 
 
 5. Consideration imported by, 1 S. & R. 317, 408 ; 7 Barr 
 
 100; 1 C. 203; 3 C. 119; 10 C. 155; 6 S. 194; 12 
 S. 457; 18 S. 233. 
 
 SEALED VERDICT. See Verdict. 
 
 SEALING AND DELIVERY. /S'<3e Deed. 
 
 SEAL OF ATTESTING OFFICER, 7 W. 458 ; 12 Wr. 46. 
 
 SEATED LAND. 
 
 1. What constitutes, 6 W. 272; 7 W. & S. 249; 5 S. 90; 
 
 15 S. 510; 18 S. 279. 
 
 2. Sale of for taxes, 2 Wr. 411; 4 S. 503. 
 
 3. Transfer of to unseated list without notice, 3 W. 
 
 260; 4 W. & S. 133; 8 Barr 169; 2 H. 404; 12 H. 
 452; 8 C. 325; 6 S. 374; 16 S. 38. 
 
 SEAWORTHY, 1 Wh. 398, 406; 6 Wh. 443 ; 7 Barr 306. 
 
 SECONDARY EVIDENCE. See Evidence. 
 
 SECRETARY. 
 
 I. Of state. 
 
 1. Liability of to mandamus, 3 S. 9. 
 
 2. Registry by, when evidence, 3 S. & R. 169. 
 
 3. Presumption in favor of performance of duty by, 
 
 3S. 9. 
 
 II. Of land office. 
 
 1. Memorandum book when evidence, 1 D, 5. 
 
 2. Admissions and declarations of, 1 Y. 254. 
 
 3. Liability to mandamus, 1 S. & R. 473. 
 
 45 
 
706 SECKETAKY— SENTENCE. 
 
 SECRETARY— cow<»wMei. 
 
 III. Of legation. 
 Protection of, 1 D. 114. 
 
 IV. Of corpoeation. See Corporation. 
 
 SECRET TRUSTS AND EQUITIES, 9 Barr 405; 10 Barr 
 428 ; 4 H. 365. See Sale, X. ; Sheriff's Vendee. 
 
 SECURITIES. 
 Marshalling of, 1 W. 71. See Subrogation. 
 
 SEDUCTION. 
 
 1. Parties plaintiff, 1 S. & R. 175; 3 S. & R. 215; 6 S. 
 
 & R. 175 ; 8 S. & R. 36 ; 2 W. 474 ; 7 W. 302 ; 3 W. & 
 S. 416. 
 
 2. Not barred by criminal prosecution, 3 P. & W. 49. 
 
 3. Declaration in, 3 P. & W. 49. 
 
 4. Evidence. 
 
 For plaintiff, 3 S. & R. 215 ; 8 S. & R. 36 ; 3 P. & W. 
 
 49 ; 2 W. 474 ; 7 W. 62 ; 8 W. 237 ; 8 H. 354 ; 12 
 
 H. 408 ; 8 Wr. 452. 
 For defendant, 2 H. 282. 
 
 5. Damages in, 8 W. 237 ; 2 H. 282 ; 8 H. 354. 
 
 6. Indictment for. 
 
 What included in, 5 H. 126. 
 
 7. Validity of bond in consideration of, 13 S. & R. 29. 
 
 8. Not evidence in suit for breach of promise of mar- 
 
 riage, 8 W. & S. 27 ; 2 Barr 80 ; IJ. 316. 
 
 SEIZURE. 
 
 1. Of ship. See Ship. 
 
 2. In case of desertion, 2 S. & R. 363. 
 
 SELF DEFENCE. 
 
 Law of, discussed, 2 Wr. 265. 
 
 .SENTENCE. 
 
 1. Is IN THE NATURE OP AN EXECUTION, 17 S. & R. 10 ; 1 P. 
 
 & W. 94 ; 9 S. 324. 
 '2. Must conform to statute, 7 Barr 371. 
 "3. Affidavit of prisoner not heard in mitigation of, 1 
 
 Y. 186. 
 
 4. On several indictments against same person, 7 S. & 
 
 R. 489;4R. 259. 
 
 5. On some op several counts, 8 S. & R. 420 ; 12 S. & R. 
 
 70; 5 Barr 65; 11 H. 355; 2 S. 424. 
 
 6. When to be pronounced, 5 0. 102 ; 1 Wr. 108. 
 
SENTENCE— SERVANT. 707 
 
 S'EJUT'ENCF^— continued. 
 
 7. Equivalent to dismissal op motion in akeest of judg- 
 
 ment, 5 C. 445. 
 
 8. Modified in Supremb Court, 1 Wh. 278 ; 7 Barr 371 ; 
 
 1 H. 631, 634. 
 
 9. Action on, 17 S. & R. 9 ; 1 Wh. 63. 
 
 SEPARATE ESTATES. 
 
 1. Defined, 12 H. 429. See Markied "Women. 
 
 2. Effect of devise to hold as, 4 W. & 8. 95 ; 1 H. 267 ; 
 
 2 H. 361 ; 20 S. 343. See Devise. 
 
 SEPARATION. 
 
 Of husband and wife, 6 Wh. 571. See Marriage. 
 
 SEQUESTRATION. 
 
 1. Distinguished from confiscation, 2 D. 5, 185, 199. 
 
 2. Waiver of, 1 Gr. 152. 
 
 3. When and in what case issued, 8 0. 257 ; 1 Gr. 152 ; 
 
 1 S. 394, 399; 6 S. 49; 16 S. 78. 
 
 4. Of life estate, 6 W. & S. 483; 10 Barr 398; 1 H. 488; 
 
 8 C. 214. 
 
 5. Of curtesy estate, 10 Barr 398. 
 
 6. Of foreign debts, 3 D. 185, 199. . 
 
 7. Review of, in error, 5 Barr 472. 
 
 8. Act taking power of, from creditors op Erie Canal 
 
 Company construed, 2 Gr. 432. 
 
 9. Liability of corporation to, 9 W. & S. 27; 8 C. 257; 
 
 12 C. 202; 10 S. 27. 
 
 SEQUESTRATOR. 
 
 Appointment of, 1 Gr. 152. 
 
 I. Rights of. 
 
 1. To appeal prom award, 4 W. & S. 293. 
 
 2. To RECOVER FOR ADVANCES, 7 H. 453. 
 
 II. Powers op, 10 Barr 179; 1 S. 400. 
 
 III. Duties of. 
 
 As to distribution of assets, 3 C. 313. 
 
 IV. Appeal from appointment of, 10 Barr 398, 505. 
 
 SERVANT. 
 
 1. Who may be bound as, 2 D. 197; 1 Y. 233. 
 
 2. Form of indenture, 2 Y. 257. 
 
 3. Duties of, 1 W. & S. 265. 
 
 4. Powers of, 4 W. 222. 
 
 5. Preference as to wages, 5 B. 167 ; 9 C. 395. 
 
708 SEKVANT— SERVICES. 
 
 SERVANT— cowimwecZ. 
 C. Liability of masters for torts of, 2 Gr. 43 ; 16 S. 464 ; 
 20 S. 119, 477. 
 
 7. Action by, for wages, 3 Y. 25; 3 P. & W. 212; 1 W. & 
 
 S. 265. 
 
 8. Foe injury by co-servant. See Employee. 
 
 9. Action by, of replevin, 3 S. & R. 20. 
 
 10. Of foreign ministers, protection of, 1 D. 117. 
 
 SERVICE. 
 
 1. Gratuitous. 
 
 No bar to action for compensation, 5 C. 534. See Services. 
 
 2. In expectation of legacy. See Child ; Father ; Im- 
 
 plied Contract. 
 
 3. Of notice and rules. See Notice; Rules. 
 
 SERVICES. 
 
 I. Contract for. 
 
 1. What implied in, 1 W. & S. 60 ; 5 W. & S. 357 ; 12 
 
 H. 314 ; 1 C. 75, 382 ; 2 C. 384 ; 5^ C. 184 ; 7 C. 14, 
 218 ; 3 Gr. 271. 
 
 2. For a determinate period, 8 Wr. 99 ; 10 Wr. 426. 
 
 3. By child for parent. See Child ; Father. 
 
 4. Alteration of terms of, 4 H. 196 ; 12 H. 314. 
 
 5. Rescission of contract for, 7 C. 218. 
 
 6. Where services have been rendered after expira- 
 
 tion of contract, 1 C. 337 ; 12 C. 367. 
 
 7. Payable in money in instalments, 12 Wr. 58. 
 
 8. Payable in chattels, 2 Wh. 204. 
 
 9. Payable in land, 3 W. & S. 563 ; 9 Barr 235, 260 ; 9 
 
 H. 417 ; 10 C. 418, 423, 475; 11 C. 23; 1 Gr. 123; 
 1 S. 51, 119. 
 
 II. Action to enforce contract. 
 
 1. Where there has been a substantial compliance 
 
 WITH CONTRACT, 7 H. 218 ; 4 C. 221 ; 7 C. 218. 
 
 2. Where party has been dismissed before expiration 
 
 OF TIME, 2 H. 293 ; 8 Wr. 99 ; 10 Wr. 426 ; 15 S. 
 460; 18 S. 168. 
 
 3. Where work has not been completed as per contract, 
 
 3 W. 331 ; 2 W. & S. 53 ; 4 Barr 39, 43 ; 1 C. 382 ; 
 7 C. 218. 
 
 4. Where there has been wilful neglect in perform- 
 
 ance OF work, 1 W. & S. 60 ; 1 C. 382; 7 C. 218. 
 
SERVICES— SET-OFF. 709 
 
 SERYICES— continued. 
 
 5. Wheke work has been abandoned, 3 H. 61; 7 0. 
 
 218. 
 
 6. By husband for services of self and wife, 4 H. 196. 
 
 7. Acceptance of work no bar to action on account 
 
 of defective workmanship, 12 h. 314. 
 
 8. By CHILD AGAINST PARENT ON IMPLIED CONTRACT. See 
 
 Assumpsit, I. 21 ; Child 3; Father, II. 
 
 9. Evidence in action, 1 W. 130 ; 9 Barr 235 ; 12 H. 
 
 193, 314 ; 5 C. 184 ; 8 Wr. 69. 
 
 10. Measure of damages for breach op contract, 3 W. 
 
 & S. 563 ; 9 Barr 235, 239, 260 ; 9 H. 507 ; 12 H. 
 37 ; 12 Wr. 309 ; 1 Gr. 123. 
 
 11. For extra services, 1 C. 337 ; 12 C. 367. 
 
 III. Where parties have stipulated for reference as 
 TO VALUE OF, 16 S. & R. 425; 1 W. & S. 301 ; 4 W. & 
 S. 205 ; 1 H. 90 ; 4 H. 196 ; 4 C. 211, 221* 7 C. 306 ; 
 9 C. 530; 11 Wr. 507; 12 Wr. 161; 1 S. 298: 6 S. 
 62; 8 S. 186; 19 S. 489. 
 
 SET-OFF. 
 
 1. Object of rules relative to, 7 C. 72. 
 
 2. General rules governing, 2 D. 238; 1 Y. 574; 1 S. & 
 
 R. 478; 11 S. & R. 60; 8 W. 75; 9 W. 567; 8 Wr. 
 256 ; 10 Wr. 44. 
 
 3. Not allowed against set-off, 4 W. & S. 19 ; 1 Barr 501. 
 
 4. Compulsory, 3 P. & W. 470 ; 9 W. 567 ; 5 W. & S. 459 
 
 3 Barr 459 ; 3 C. 71. See Justices of the Peace. 
 
 5. By operation of law, 1 R. 291; 8 W. 39, 260, 406; 9 
 
 W. 179; 2 W. & S. 70; 8 W. & S. 318; 1 S. 418. 
 
 6. By consent, 7 W. 561 ; 9 W. 179. 
 
 7. Party may waive right by contract, 3 Wh. 275 ; 9 
 
 Barr 475 ; 12 C. 214 ; 16 S. 375. 
 
 8. Party may waive right by omission to claim. See Es- 
 
 toppel 18, 20, 21. 
 
 9. Permissive. 
 
 Between whom, 1 D. 23; 3 Y. 152, 267, 327; 1 B. 69; 
 3 B. 135; 5 S. & R. 200; 6 S. & R. 244, 448; 7 
 S. & R. 9; 11 S. & R. 48; 12 S. & R. 252; 15 S. 
 & R. 108; 1 R. 330; 2 R. 121; 5 R. 213; 4 W. 
 15; 7 W. 344, 464; 5 Wh. 380; 1 W. & S. 428; 2 
 W. & S. 377; 3 W. & S. 349 ; 5 W. & S. 370 ; 8 
 W. & S. 318; 2 Barr 261; 4 Barr 32; 8 Barr 405; 
 2 J. 347; IH. 152; 6 H. 394; 8 H. 190; 10 H. 
 
710 SET-OFF. 
 
 SET- OFF — continued. 
 
 36, 40; 11 H. 169; 1 C. 217, 352; 1 Wr. 491; 2 
 Wr. 217; 10 Wr. 262; 14 Wr. 513; 1 S. 418; 4 
 S. 508. 
 
 10. What demands may be, 2 Y. 208 ; 1 B. 69 ; 3 B. 169 ; 1 
 
 S. & R. 477 ; 6 S. & R. 448 ; 7 S. & R. 9 ; 8 S. & R. 
 66, 73 ; 10 S. & R. 10, 268 ; 11 S. & R. 75, 289 ; 12 S. 
 &R. 275; 15 S. & R. 61, 77; 1 R. 227, 330; 5R. 213; 
 2 W. 178; 3 W. 301; 4 W. 39; 5 W. 51; 2 Wh. 37; 6 
 Wh. 468; 1 W. & S. 57; 2 W. & S. 70; 4 W. & S. 290; 
 6 W. & S. 150, 155, 179, 439 ; 6 Barr 87; 8 Barr 403; 
 2 H. 162 ; 5 H. 120 ; 8 H. 190 ; 1 C. 440 ; 5 0. 192 ; 9 
 C. 105; 2 J. 64; 1 Wr. 150; 2 Wr. 211; 7 Wr. 70; 10 
 Wr. 44 ; 6 S. 82 ; 9 S. 450 ; 15 S. 16. 
 
 11. As TO TIME OF ACQUIRING, 8 S. & R. 498; 1 W. & S. 
 
 418; 8 W. & S. 820; 1 H. 532, 554; 10 H. 116; 5 C. 
 192 ; 12 Wr. 512. 
 
 12. As TO JOINT CLAIMS, 5 S. & R. 200 ; 7 W. 464 ; 5 Wh. 
 
 380 ; 2 Barr 261 ; 2 J. 347 ; 10 H. 40. 
 
 13. When inadmissible, 1 D. 43, 237, 238 ; 3 D. 505 ; 4 D. 
 
 291, 308, 371; 2 Y. 208; 4 Y. 386, 461; 1 B. 64; 3 B. 
 109, 135; 5 S. & R. 117, 384, 404, 468 ; 6 S. & R. 129, 
 242; 8 S. & R. 124, 481; 9 S. & R. 879; 10 S. & R. 
 10, 14 ; 12 S. & R. 447 ; 14 S. & R. 300, 439 ; 15 S. & R. 
 61; IR. 330; 3 P. & W. 492; 5 W. 51,116; 7 W. 844, 
 464; 8 W. 75, 260; 9 W. 126; 1 Wh. 274; 2 Wh. 95; 
 8 Wh. 149, 175; 1 W. & S. 285, 428; 4 W. & S. 19; 8 
 W. & S. 76 ; 4 Barr 32 ; 6 Barr 421 ; 7 Barr 185 ; 9 Barr 
 385; 2 J. 64; 1 H. 158, 181; 3 H. 255; 10 H. 40; 1 
 Wr. 68, 150; 4 Wr. 501; 6 Wr. 185; 7 Wr. 79; 8 Wr. 
 256; 10 Wr. 262; 12 Wr. 57, 198; 2 Gr. 384; 3 Gr. 81; 
 1 S. 418; 7 S. 152. 
 
 14. As TO JUDGMENTS, 16 S. & R. 818; 1 R. 227, 435; 2 W. 
 
 230; 3 W. 78; 8 W. 448; 7 W. & S. 99, 305. 
 
 15. Practice as to. 
 
 Effect of giving in evidence, 3 B. 185 ; 9 W. 567 ; 1 Wh. 
 
 223 ; 6 Wh. 478 ; 8 W. & S. 39 ; 6 S. 183. 
 Effect of omission to offer in evidence, 5 S. &; R. 306 ; 2 
 
 R. 121; 7 W. 490; 9 W. 567; 5 W. & S. 506; 8 
 
 W. & S. 39 ; 2 Barr 425. 
 When specification of is necessary, 6 S. 183. 
 Implied retraction of, 9 W. 567. 
 Plea and notice of. 
 When unnecessary, 1 Y. 391; 2 Y. 218; 4 Y. 102; 3 
 B. 539 ; 5 S. & R. 117 ; 11 S. & R. 48 ; 15 S. 
 
SET-OFF— SETTLEMENT, &o. 711 
 
 S^T-0¥'F— continued. 
 
 &R. 77; 2 Wh. 96; 4 Wh. 130; 5 Wh. 369; 2 
 Barr 88 ; 3 Gr. 81 ; 6 S. 183. 
 Effect of verdict under plea of, 2 D. 264 ; 3 B. 135 ; 1 
 Wh. 223; 6 Wh. 473; 8 W. & S. 39; 9 W. & S. 67. 
 
 SETTLED ACCOUNTS. See Accounts Settled. 
 
 SETTLEMENT. 
 
 1. Of accounts. 
 
 Proof of, 1 H. 60. 
 
 2. Of suit or action, 11 S. & R. 123; 2 R. 454; 7 Wr. 209. 
 
 3. Op estates op decedent by heirs, 1 Wr. 121 ; 14 S. 25. 
 
 See Family Agreements. 
 
 4. Of pauper. See Pauper. 
 
 SETTLEMENT AND IMPROVEMENT RIGHTS TO PUB- 
 LIC LAND. 
 
 1. Definition of, 2 D. 94, 291; 1 Y. 515; 2 Y. 478; 3 Y. 
 
 61; 4 Y. 800, 330, 338, 534; 1 B. 166; 3 B. 188; 4 B. 
 73, 213, 218; 5 B. 211; 4 S. & R. 221, 501; 5 S. & R. 
 267; 6 S. & R. 249; 3 P. & W. 428; 5 W. 13, 337; 9 
 W. 156; 3 W. & S. 526; 4 W. & S. 55; 2 Barr 56. 
 
 2. Origin of right, 1 Y. 512. 517; 3 Y. 586; 4 Y. 562; 3 
 
 B. 188; 4 B. 73, 74; 5 B. 77; 4 S. & R. 427; 11 S. & 
 R. 266; 5 W. 497, 505; 1 C. 106. 
 
 3. Statutes relative to. 
 
 Act of December 3, 1780, relative to, construed, 8 Y. 77. 
 Act of April 8, 1785, relative to, construed, 3 Y. 104. 
 Act of 1786, relative to, construed, 3 Y. 67, 77 ; 11 H. 
 
 271. 
 Act of 1792, relative to, construed, 4 D. 161, 170, 209, 
 
 237, 363, 392; 2 Y. 329, 439, 446, 450; 3 Y. 61, 
 
 67, 273; IB. 166, 231, 251. 
 Act of 1793, relative to, construed, 4 Y. 209; 4 B. 213. 
 Act of 1814, relative to, construed, 6 S. & R. 257 ; 1 
 
 Barr 478. 
 Act of 1817, relative to, construed, 11 H. 271. 
 
 4. Aquisition op title by, 2 D. 98, 109, 129, 205; 4 D. 
 
 162, 221, 860, 369, 394, 898; 1 Y. 512; 3 Y. 65, 78, 
 272, 287, 571, 586; 4 Y. 330, 562; 2 B. 124; 3 B. 103, 
 175; 4 B. 73, 213, 218; 5 B. 77, 136, 211; 2 S. & R. 
 407 ; 5 S. & R. 267 ; 6 S. & R. 189, 193, 249 ; 7 S. & 
 R. 303 ; 10 S. & R. 293; 14 S. & R. 372 ; 2 W. 459 ; 5 
 W. 13 ; 10 W. 143 ; 3 W. & S. 526 ; 5 W. & S. 359 ; 3 
 Barr 353 i'^ Barr 214 ; 11 H. 215, 272 ; 9 Wr. 496 ; 10 
 Wr. 67 ; 1 Gr. 73; 9 S. 414; 18 S. 189. 
 
712 SETTLEMENT, &c. 
 
 SETTLEMENT, kc— continued. 
 
 5. Extent of right under, 5 W. 391 ; 9 "Wr. 496. 
 
 6. As TO ACTUAL RESIDENCE AND IMPROVEMENT, 2 Y. 329, 
 
 439, 446, 450, 478; 3 Y. 61, 67, 269, 272, 287, 580, 
 590; 4 Y. 330, 429, 534; 3 B. 188; 4 B. 213, 218; 
 
 5 B. 211 ; 4 S. & R. 221, 501 ; 5 S. & R. 267 ; 6 S. & 
 R. 249 ; 11 S. & R. 340 ; 3 P. & W. 428 ; 2 W. 384, 
 459; 5 W. 13, 337; 9 W. 156; 3 W. & S. 526; 4 W. 
 
 6 S. 55, 69; 1 Barr 348; 2 Barr 56; 4 Barr 214; 5 
 Barr 247; 7 Barr 481; 2 H. 253; 7 H. 262; 11 H. 272; 
 
 1 C. 45, 106 ; 2 C. 417; 3 Gr. 220; 8 S. 489; 9 S. 414; 
 15 S. 443 ; 18 S. 189. 
 
 7. What will excuse residence, 2 Y. 450 ; 3 Y. 580 ; 4 Y. 
 
 534 ; 1 B. 166 ; 2 B. 125, 270 ; 5 W. 13 ; 18 S. 189. 
 
 8. On land described in valid warrant, 2 Y. 463 ; 3 Y. 
 
 281 ; 4 Y. 266 ; 11 S. & R. 257, 3 W. 569. 
 
 9. On land previously appropriated, 2 W. 384 ; 10 W. 
 
 143 ; 4 W. & S. 69 ; 3 Barr 353 ; 5 Barr 247 ; 1 C. 106 ; 
 
 2 C. 419. 
 
 10. On Indian reserve, 1 Y. 502 ; 2 Y. 129, 313, 224, 439, 
 
 450 ; 3 Y. 580 ; 4 Y. 429 ; 1 B. 246, 385 ; 6 B. 162 ; 6 
 B. 68 ; 1 S. & R. 515 ; 2 S. & R. 436. 
 
 11. On abandoned lands, 1 Y. 287: 2 C. 417; 9 S. 414. 
 
 12. On island. See Island 4. 
 
 13. By minor, 4 S. & R. 207. 
 
 14. By one in trust for another, 11 S. & R. 257 : 2 W. 459. 
 
 15. By husband in favor of wife, 8 C. 287. 
 
 16. Effect of subsequent warrant and survey on, 1 H. 
 
 356 ; 10 Wr. 67. 
 
 17. Preferred to right under warrant, 2 Y. 276, 463 ; 3 
 
 Y. 272 ; 4 B. 73. 
 
 18. Preferred to subsequent patent, 3 Y. 287 ; 7 S. & R. 
 
 129; 3 W. 345; 1 H. 356; 10 S. 305. 
 
 19. Preferred to Virginia certificate, 1 Y. 513. 
 
 20. Nature of interest under, 1 Y. 213 ; 4 Y. 300 ; 10 W. 
 
 367; 10 Wr. 67. 
 
 21. Descent of, 3 Y. 571 ; 7 H. 157. 
 
 22. Devise of, 2 Y. 378. 
 
 23. Dower in, 2 Y. 515 ; 3 Y. 202, 269. 
 
 24. Eviction from, 2 B. 125. 
 
 25. Forfeiture of, 10 S. & R. 293. See Abandonment 16. 
 
SETTLEMENT, &o.— SETTLEE. 713 
 
 SETTLEMENT, kc— continued. 
 
 26. Sale of, 1 Y. 500, 520; 3 Y. 269, 580; 4 Y. 300; 2 S. 
 
 & E. 407; 5 S. & R. 181; 3 Wh. 250; 5 W. & S. 284; 
 10 Wr. 67. 
 
 27. Partition of, 5 S. & R. 267. 
 
 28. Power of widow over, 3 Y. 200, 269. 
 
 SETTLER. 
 L Defined, 3 Y. 277; 10 Wr. 67. 
 
 II. Distinguished from trespasser, 18 S. 189. 
 
 III. Rights of. 
 
 1. In equity, 4 Y. 63; 3 Gr. 220. 
 
 2. To warrant and survey, 2 Y. 463 ; 3 Y. 281 ; 4 Y. 
 
 300, 266, 569; 6 S & R. 249. 
 
 3. Against holder of land warrant, 1 Barr 295. 
 
 4. Against subsequent claim, 1 Y. 573; 4 Y. 300; 4B. 
 
 161; 2 S. & R. 407; 5 W. 13; 8 S. 492. 
 
 5. As to extent of territory, 4 D. 122 ; 3 Y. 586, 590; 
 
 4 Y. 300, 562 ; 3 B. 103; 4 B. 161 ; 5 B. 77; 6 S. 
 & R. 249; 10 S. & R. 303; 12 S. & R. 44, 149; 5 
 W. 39; 4 W. & S. 285; 5 W. & S. 284 ; 1 Barr 295, 
 416 ; 2 Barr 56 ; 4 Barr 109; 10 H. 125 ; 8 S. 492. 
 
 6. To lands previously applied for, 2 Y. 129, 276 ; 3 
 
 Y. 580; 3 B. 29; 2 W. 384; 4 W. & S. 55 ; 1 Barr 
 413; 7 Barr 75; 2 H. 297. 
 
 7. To EXTEND CLAIM, 10 H. 125. 
 
 8. On eviction, 2 B. 125 ; 3 Wh. 269. 
 
 9. To HOLD BY tenant, 2 W. 459. 
 
 IV. Duties of. 
 
 1. As TO residence and cultivation. See Settlement 6. 
 
 2. As to application for warrant, 2 Y. 227 ; 5 B. 211. 
 
 3. As TO date of improvement, 3 Y. 591 ; 2 B. 124 ; 11 
 
 H. 272 ; 8 S. 489. 
 
 4. As TO DESIGNATION OF BOUNDARY, 4 Y. 330; 6 S. & 
 
 R. 190; 12 S. & R. 149; 3 Wh. 157; 1 J. 195; 2 H. 
 253; 7 H. 157; 8 C. 131. 
 
 5. What will excuse residence. See Settlement 7. 
 
 V. Liability of. 
 
 1. To forfeiture, 10 S. & R. 293. 
 
 2. To bar by Statute of Limitations. See Limitation. 
 
 3. On abandonment. See Abandonment. 
 
714 SETTLER— SHEEIPF. 
 
 SETTLER— continued. 
 
 4. To LEVY AND SALE ON EXECUTION, 8 W. 430 ; 3 Wh. 
 
 250. 
 
 5. For purchase-money, 1 Y. 289 ; 2 Y. 81 ; 2 S. & R. 
 
 378, 394; 3 S. & R. 319. 
 
 6. For neglect, 2 Y. 446; 3 Y. 273, 277; 3 Wh. 157 ; 1 
 
 J. 99 ; 7 H. 157. 
 
 7. For delay as to improvements, 4 Y. 562 ; 2 B. 124. 
 
 See Settlements 6, 7. 
 
 8. For misconduct towards holder of warrant, 3 Y. 
 
 586. 
 
 9. For excessive claim, 10 H. 125. 
 
 10. To suspension of right by entry of owner, 5 H. 30; 
 4 Barr 254 ; 6 Barr 271 ; 9 Barr 40. 
 
 VI. Who may take advantage of breach of condition 
 BY, 2 Y. 453; 7 S. & R. 303; 1 W. 70; 5 W. 497; 9 
 S. 155, 161. 
 
 VII. Title acquired by, 2 D. 99 ; 4 D. 112, 221 ; 3 Y. 
 272 ; 4 Y. 534, 562 ; 2 B. 124, 281 ; 3 B. 161, 175; 5 
 B. 62, 77; 1 Barr 295; 3 Barr 214; 11 H. 272; 9 S. 
 414. 
 
 VIII. Right of widow op, 2 Y. 515; 3 Y. 200, 269. 
 
 IX. Right of heirs of, 3 Y. 571 ; 7 H. 157. 
 
 SEWERS. 
 
 1. Powers and liability of municipal corporation as to, 
 
 11 C. 324 ; 4 Wr. 364 ; 2 Gr. 295 ; 11 S. 255, 399. 
 See Municipal Corporation ; Philadelphia. 
 
 2. Liability of lot owners as to, 11 C. 400 ; 9 S. 455 ; 11 
 
 S. 255, 399. See Municipal Lien. 
 
 "SHALL BE AND REMAIN A LIEN." 
 
 Meaning of, in Municipal Lien Law, 5 Wr. 60. 
 
 " SHARE." 
 
 Meaning of in will, 3 Barr 447. 
 
 SHELLY'S CASE. 
 Application of rule in, 1 H. 344; 4 H. 95 ; 9 H. 344 ; 3 C. 
 75; 7 C. 94; 12 C. 117; 1 Wr. 9 ; 14 Wr. 128; 7 S. 
 504; 14 S. 10; 20 S. 70, 73, 335. 
 
 SHERIFF. 
 
 I. Election of. 
 
 Who may contest, 6 S. 270. 
 
 II. Commission of. 
 
 Power of governor over, 7 Wr. 372, 384. 
 
SHERIFF. 715 
 
 SHERIFF— continued. 
 III. Bond of. 
 
 1. Distinct from rucognisancb, 4 B. 162; 7 C. 519. 
 
 2. Liability op sureties on, 1 D. 349 ; 5 B. 184; 3 S. & 
 
 R. 249 ; 8 S. & R. 444 ; 14 S. & R. 23 ; 1 R. 353, 
 458 ; 1 P. & W. 94 ; 7 W. 183, 187 ; 8 W. 153; 10 
 W. 148; 3 Wh. 123; 4 W. & S. 186; 10 H. 211; 5 
 C. 58 ; 7 C. 519 ; 1 Wr. 187 ; 4 Wr. 76, 359 ; 7 Wr. 
 456; 8 Wr. 510; 9 Wr. 161, 535, 555; 13 Wr. 195; 
 1 S. 155. 
 
 3. What will release, 5 B. 184; 16 S. & R. 252; 7 W. 
 
 183; 7 C. 519; 1 S. 155. 
 
 4. Action on, 14 S. & R. 426, 431; 16 S. & R. 268; 17 
 
 S. & R. 307, 381 ; 1 P. & W. 94; 7 W. 183; 2 W. & 
 S. 60; 4 W. & S. 186; 8 Wr. 510; 9 Wr. 161, 555; 
 13 Wr. 195. 
 Limitation to action on, 4 W. & S. 186; 7 W. & S. 181. 
 Declaration in, 13 S. & R. 249 ; 16 S. & R. 150. 
 Evidence in, 13 S. & R. 265; 14 S. & R. 31; 8 W. 158; 
 2 Wh. 265; 6 Wh. 117; 3 Barr 269; 4 Wr. 359; 
 7 Wr. 456; 13 Wr. 73, 196, 200. 
 Damages in, 3 Barr 269; 6 C. 49. 
 Lien of judgment recovered in, 13 S. & R. 340; 4 Barr 
 
 162. 
 Record of suit, when and to whom notice, 5 W. & S. 488. 
 rv. Recognisance of. 
 
 1. Distinct from bond, 4 Barr 162; 7 C. 519. 
 
 2. Form of, 13 S. & R. 339; 8 S. 214. 
 
 3. Not to be impeached by parol, 8 S. 214. 
 
 4. Nature of, 13 S. & R. 265, 389; 1 P. & W. 11; 8 S. 
 
 214. 
 
 5. Lien of, 13 S. & R. 379; 3 P. & W. 286; 1 W. 393; 
 
 5 W. &S. 488; 3 Barr 156. 
 
 6. Lien discharged by judicial sale, 2 J. 358. 
 
 7. Scire facias on, 4 W. & S. 186. 
 Demand before suit, 8 S. 214, 
 
 Acts of 1803 and 1836 relative to, construed, 8 S. 
 
 213. 
 Party plaintiff in, 8 S. & R. 417; 13 S. & R. 265. 
 Pleas in, 8 S. 214. 
 Evidence in, 7 S. & R. 278; 16 S. & R. 48 ; 5 W. & S. 
 
 21; 9 W. & S. 109. 
 
 8. Verdict, what errors cured by, 1 D. 462 ; 5 W. & 
 
 S. 536. 
 
716 SHERIFF. 
 
 SEEBIFF— continued. 
 9. Judgment on. 
 Form of, 7 S. & R. 273; 8 S. 213. 
 For default of appearance, 8 S. 213. 
 Effect of on sureties of sheriff, 8 S. 213. 
 
 V. Authority of court over ex-sheriff, 12 Wr. 328. 
 
 VI. Power and authority op sheriff. 
 
 1. To arrest persons improperly discharged, 10 H. 
 
 18. 
 
 2. As to return of writ, 1 D. 80 (note); 4 Y. 53 ; 2 S. 
 
 & R. 420; 9 S. & R. 12; 10 S. & R. 399; 5 W. 235; 
 6 H. 281 ; 9 Barr 349. 
 
 3. At sale, as to liens on record, 4 Y. 489 ; 11 S. & R. 
 
 134; 4R. 440; 4 H. 18; 2 W. & S. 397; 3 W. & S. 
 259 ; 6 C. £-18. 
 
 4. Privilege of, from arrest, 1 D. 295. 
 
 VII. Duty of. 
 
 1. As TO execution of writs, 6 W. 495 ; 3 "W. & S. 314 ; 
 
 4 W. & S. 342 ; 1 Wr. 399 ; 3 Wr. 50 ; 4 Wr. 359; 8 
 Wr. 466; 9 Wr. 449; 13 Wr. 73; 1 S. 155. 
 
 2. As TO LEVY ON PERSONAL PROPERTY. See FlERI Fa- 
 
 CIAS. 
 
 3. On habere facias, 8 Wr. 466. 
 
 4. As TO sureties ON replevin bond, 1 D. 225, 345 ; 
 
 14 S. & R. 23. 
 
 5. As to custody of prisoners, 9 S. 324, 325. 
 
 6. As to instructions of plaintiff in writ, 10 Wr. 
 
 332. 
 
 7. As TO SALE OP REAL ESTATE, 2 W. & S. 397 ; 3 W. & 
 
 S. 259 ; 4 Barr 80. 
 
 8. In foreign attachment, 1 Wr. 399 ; 3 Wr. 50. 
 
 9. As TO LIENS V. DEFENDANT, 4 Y. 489 ; 11 S. & R. 134; 
 
 4 R. 440 ; 2 W. & S. 397 ; 3 W. & S. 259 ; 4 H. 18 ; 
 6 0. 348. 
 
 10. As TO RETURN OF WRIT, 1 D. 419 ; 9 S. & R. 62 ; 9 
 
 Barr 349. 
 
 11. On sale op PERSONAL PROPERTY. See FlERI FaCIAS. 
 
 12. As TO NOTICE ON RESALE OP PROPERTY, 7 W. & S. 33. 
 
 13. As TO PAYMENT OF MONEY RECEIVED ON EXECUTION, 1 
 
 P. & W. 437 ; 4 W. & S. 9; 7 W. & S. 134, 142; 2 
 J. 316; 9 H. 291 ; 4 H. 18. 
 
SHEKIFF. 717 
 
 SJiERIFF— continued. 
 
 14. As TO PAYMENT MADE ON' ACCOUNT BY DEFENDANT, 11 
 
 C. 167. 
 
 15. To PERFECT TITLE FOR LAND SOLD, 4 S. & R. 82. 
 
 16. As TO MONEY IN HANDS OP PREDECESSOR, 12 Wr. 328; 
 
 5 S. 368. 
 
 17. As TO LAND SOLD BUT NOT CONVEYED BY PREDECESSOR, 
 
 4 S. & R. 82. 
 
 18. Not agent for purchaser, 8 S. & R. 317. 
 
 19. As TO exemption LAWS, 10 C. 187; 11 C. 369; 1 Wr. 
 
 425; 1 S. 90. 
 
 VIII. Rights of sheriff. 
 
 1. To purchase AT HIS OWN SALE, 3 B. 58; 2 Wh. 52. 
 
 2. To sue for loss on resale, 7 W. & S. 33. 
 
 3. On bond given for delivery of goods taken in ex- 
 
 ecution, 7 Barr 215; 1 S. 366. 
 
 4. To RETAIN balance MADE ON FIERI FACIAS FOR HIS OWN 
 
 DEBT, 10 Barr 461. 
 
 5. To SET OFF NOTE OF PLAINTIFF TO ATTORNEY IN WRIT, 3 
 
 W. 357. 
 
 6. To DEMAND PURCHASE-MONEY BEFORE ACKNOWLEDGMENT 
 
 OF DEED, 7 S. & R. 197. 
 
 7. On levy and sale of personal property, 4 Wr. 359. 
 
 8. To POUNDAGE, 1 B. 97; 2 B. 137; 1 S. & R. 320; 3 
 
 S. &R. 549, 601; 5 S. & R. 195. 
 
 9. To FEES FOR CONDEMNING REAL ESTATE, 1 S. & R. 320. 
 
 10. To FEES OF COURT CRIER, 2 R. 106. 
 
 11. To COLLECT FEES OF COURT OFFICERS, 7 W. 183. 
 
 12. To CHARGE COUNTY. WITH COST OF SUPPRESSING RIOT, 8 
 
 Wr. 389. 
 
 13. To PAY MONEY INTO COURT, 4 W. 396. 
 
 14. To PAY MONEY TO ONE OF SEVERAL PLAINTIFFS, 4 W. & S. 9. 
 
 15. To RECOVER MONEY OVERPAID, 1 W. 252, 302. 
 
 16. To RECOVER MONEY PAID BY MISTAKE, 1 Gr. 17. 
 
 17. As TO USE OF PROCEEDS OF SALE, 10 C. 207. 
 
 18. To PRIVILEGED COMMUNICATION WITH COUNSEL, 2 Barr 93. 
 
 19. To APPEAL FROM DECREE OF DISTRIBUTION, 1 Gr. 193. 
 
 20. To DEMAND INDEMNITY, 16 S. & R. 68; 8 W. 226; 6 
 
 Wh. 117; 5 Barr 297; 7 Barr 206, 540; 1 Wr. 
 399; 3 Wr. 167, 528 ; 4 Wr. 178; 5 Wr. 206, 359; 
 7 Wr. 115; 11 Wr. 490; 7 S. 34. 
 
718 SHEKIFP. 
 
 SRERIFF— continued. 
 
 Effect of recital in bond of indemnity, 14 Wr. 17. 
 
 21. To CLAIM AS TRUSTEE, LAND SOLD AS SHERIFF, 2 W. 359. 
 
 22. To MONEY IN HANDS OF PREDECESSOE, 12 Wr. 328; 5 S. 
 
 368. 
 
 23. To INTEREST ON PURCHASE-MONEY, 4 W. 59 ; 9 W. & S. 59. 
 
 24. To PROPERTY IN GOODS LEVIED ON, 4 W. 124. 
 
 25. In SUIT AGAINST HIS VENDEE, 4 W. 160. 
 
 26. As GARNISHEE, 1 D. 354. See Garnishee. 
 
 27. As AGAINST JAILOR FOR AN ESCAPE, 5 W. 141. 
 
 28. To CUSTODY OF DEBTORS AND WITNESSES IN PHILADEL- 
 
 PHIA, 3 Gr. 375. 
 
 29. In replevin, 2 S. & R. 263. 
 
 30. In DOMESTIC ATTACHMENT, 5 B. 457. 
 
 31. To TESTIFY IN SUPPORT OF RETURN, 1 P. & W. 491. 
 
 32. To plead Statute op Limitations as to surplus of 
 
 PROCEEDS OF SALE, 9 Barr 120. 
 
 33. To RESIDENCE AT EXPENSE OF COUNTY, 4 H. 458. 
 
 34. To FIRE PROOF SAFE UNDER ACT OF 1812, 3 S. & R. 661. 
 
 IX. Liability of sheriff. 
 
 1. For interest, 3 B. 121 ; 12 S. & R. 277; 13 S. & R. 
 
 189; 1 W. & S. 235; 9 H. 291. 
 
 2. For costs on issue to which he is a party, 2 W. 85. 
 
 3. For escape of prisoner, 3 Y. 17, 180 ; 4 Y. 47, 54 
 
 3 B. 404; 9 S. & R. 390; 1 P. & W. 94; 5 W. 141 
 
 8 W. 41 ; 2 W. & S. 458; 5 W. & S. 455 ; 10 H. 19 
 10 Wr. 446 ; 9 S. 320. 
 
 4. Defence to action for, 7 S. & R. 273 ; 3 Barr 269 ; 
 
 9 S. 320, 327. 
 
 5. On payment of money. 2 D. 265 ; 4 Y. 489; 2 S. & R. 
 
 375; 14 S. & R. 257; 5 W. 300; 1 W. & S. 235; 9 
 Barr 267 ; 1 H. 22, 301; 9 H. 267 ; 1 Gr. 17. 
 
 6. On his official bond and recognisance, 7 S. & R. 
 
 273 ; 10 S. & R. 231 ; 13 S. & R. 236; 1 P. & W. 94; 
 8 W. 153 ; 10 W. 148 ; 1 H. 22 ; 10 H. 211 ; 6 C. 149. 
 
 7. For acts of deputy, 1 B. 240; 3 B. 404; 9 S. & R. 
 
 390; 14 S. & R. 261 ; 6 W. 552; 7 W. 183 ; 10 Barr 
 139 ; 1 H. 214. 
 
 8. For refusal to levy, 8 S. & R. 444 ; 10 W. 148 ; 1 
 
 H. 160; 6 H. 439; 1 Gr. 193. 
 
 9. For illegal delay, 8 B. 218; 1 Gr. 193. 
 
SHERIFF— SHERIFF'S DEED. 719 
 
 SR^RIFF— continued. 
 
 10. For omission to return writ, 8 W. 153. 
 
 11. For personal property after levy, 1 Wr. 187; 4 
 
 Wr. 490; 8 Wr. 510. 
 
 12. In trespass, 1 D. 225; 1 B. 240; 5 B. 184, 457: 14 
 
 S. & R. 399; 2 R. 265; 6 W. 543; 7 W. 305; 10 W. 
 144, 438; 1 Wh. 267, 377 ; 6 W. & S. 323; 5 Barr 
 154, 336, 467; 1 H. 214; 2 H. 96; 5 H. 144; 6 H. 
 489; 7 H. 255; 9 H. 266; 4 C. 238; 5 C. 40; 6 C. 
 264; 8 C. 83; 10 C. 201; 1 Gr. 193; 2 Gr. 309; 1 S. 
 190 ; 20 S. 239. 
 
 13. On receipt of money on execution, 14 S. & R. 261; 
 
 1 P. & W. 437; 4 W. & S. 9; 7 W. & S. 134, 142; 2 
 J. 316; 4 H. 18; 9 H. 291; 4 Wr. 359; 9 Wr. 449; 
 13 Wr. 73; 1 Gr. 193. 
 
 14. For proceeds of sale in partition, 4 Wr. 75. 
 
 15. For jury fee, 8 S. & R. 600. 
 
 16. For costs of officer, 4 W. & S. 52. 
 
 17. For cost of military called out to suppress riot, 
 
 8 Wr. 389. 
 
 18. For taking insufficient sureties, 14 S. & R. 23; 3 
 
 W. & S. 535. 
 
 19. For refusing to allow benefit of Exemption Law, 
 
 7 H. 255. 
 
 20. On distringas, 1 D. 312. 
 
 21. On conviction for bribery, 3 W. & S. 338. 
 
 22. For taking illegal fees, 8 W. & S. 162. 
 
 23. On his returns, 5 B. 260 ; 7 W. & S. 134 ; 5 Barr 
 
 296, 469; 10 Barr 143; 2 H. 34; 1 S. 366. 
 
 24. After bringing money into court, 1 Gr. 17. 
 
 25. For false returns, 13 Wr. 195; 1 Gr. 26; 7 S. 34. 
 
 26. For not producing defendant on rule for that 
 
 purpose, 7 Barr 535. 
 
 27. What will release from, 2 W. & S. 60. 
 
 28. Effect of judgment against, 5 B. 184. 
 
 SHERIFF'S DEED. 
 
 1. For land sold under testatum writ, 8 H. 170. 
 
 2. For land sold by predecessor, 9 Barr 144. 
 
 3. As to description and quantity of land in, 1 R. 223; 
 
 10 W. 90. 
 
 4. Recitals in, 2 Y. 80; 3 W. & S. 314; 2 Wr. 49; 3 S. 
 
 302. 
 
720 SHERIFF'S DEED— SHEKIFF'S BET URN. - 
 
 SHERIFF'S DEED— continued. 
 
 5. Acknowledgment of. 
 
 Generally, 1 D. 68; 2 Y. 454, 456; 3 Y. 405; 4 Y. 212, 
 341; 3 B. 657; 6 B. 133; 1 S. & R. 92, 96; 2 S. & 
 R. 53, 450 ; 7 S. & R. 197 ; 2 P. & W. 223 ; 8 W. 280 ; 
 10 W. 13, 21, 472; 4 Wh. 291; 2 W. & S. 271; 7 
 W. & S. 403; 2 Barr 165; 6 Barr 211; 2 H. 79; 
 7 H. 277; 8 H. 170; 10 H. 9, 198; 1 C. 102; 2 C. 
 95 ; 2 Wr. 378. 
 
 When equivalent to a return of "sale," 1 R. 95 ; 1 J. 
 19; 10 H. 9; 3S. 305. 
 
 Effect of omission to acknowledge, 7 H. 277, 280. 
 
 Parol proof of, 10 W. 472. 
 
 Exception to, 4 Y. 341 ; 2 S. & R. 434 ; 1 W. & S. 519 ; 
 9 Barr 108; 10 H. 198. 
 
 Certificate of, 3 B. 557; 6 B. 133; 10 W. 21, 472; 2 J. 
 116. 
 
 Minutes of, 16 S. & R. 297. 
 
 6. Record ok registry of, 1 D. 69, 168 ; 1 S. & R. 96 ; 2 
 
 W. 75 ; 4 W. 306 ; 10 W. 13, 16, 872 ; 4 Wh. 98, 291 ; 
 8 Barr 155. 
 
 7. When evidence, 1 D. 69, 94; 1 Y. 21; 2 Y. 454, 456; 
 
 5 S. & R. 332; 10 W. 13 ; 4 Wh. 291; 1 W. & S. 501 ; 
 
 6 Barr 239. 
 
 8. Defects cured by, 3 Y. 405; 4 Y. 108; 2 B. 80 ; 1 S. 
 
 & R. 101; 2 W. 359; 2 W. & S. 271; 5 Barr 168; 9 
 Barr 108; 2 H. 76. 
 
 9. Valid without return op writ, 1 J. 19. 
 
 10. Delivery of, 4 Y. 841; 7 S. & R. 230; 2 P. & W. 223; 
 
 2 W. 66; 6 W. 137; 7 W. 86; 1 W. & S. 128, 519; 9 
 Barr 108. 
 
 Order of court as to, 2 S. & R. 53; 7 W. & S. 403; 6 
 Barr 161 ; 7 Barr 431. 
 
 11. Tender of, necessity for, 10 S. & R. 207. 
 
 12. When rent passes with, 1 R. 155; 2 Barr 165. 
 
 13. Presumption as to entry under, 4 Wh. 291. 
 
 14. Recovery of possession under. See Sheriff's Vendee. 
 
 15. Transfer op, 2 Y. 454. 
 
 16. Admissibility of in evidence, 2 Y. 456; 7 W. & S. 403. 
 
 17. Copy of, when evidence, 10 H. 9. 
 
 SHERIFF'S RETURN. 
 1. Conclusiveness of, 4 Y. 214 ; 4 B. 496 ; 6 B. 254 ; 1 S. 
 & R. 101; 2 S. & R. 54, 55; 7 S. & R. 369; 10 S. & 
 
SHEKIFF'S EETURN— SHERIFF'S SALE. 721 
 
 SHERIFF'S nETUWN— continued. 
 
 R. 261; 12 S. &R.41; 13 S. & R. 60, 96; 1 R. 420 ; 
 2 P. & W. 223; 5 W. 531; 7 W. 183; 10 W. 9; 2 
 Wh. 220, 272, 469; 4 Wh. 500; 5 Wh. 150 ; 7 W. & 
 S. 65, 134; 5 Barr 469, 516; 12 C. 123; 8 S. 116. 
 
 2. When made by deputy, 12 C. 123; 16 S. 138. 
 
 3. Parol explanation of, 2 H. 25 ; 3 H. 92. 
 
 4. Construed by the court, 2 H. 25 ; 4 Barr 501. 
 
 5. Amendment op, 2 Wh. 210; 3 Wh. 12; 5 Wh. 150; 6 
 
 Wh. 66; 10. 373; 16 S. 138. 
 
 6. Oatp in support of, 1 P. & W. 495. 
 
 7. What proof of, 10 Barr 240. 
 
 8. As to application of money made, 1 R. 54. 
 
 9. Liability of sheriff on, 5 B. 260 ; 5 Barr 296, 469 ; 7 
 
 W. & S. 134; 10 Barr 143; 2 H. 34; IS. 360. 
 
 SHERIFF'S SALE. 
 
 I. Of personal property, 4 Y. 21, 111 ; 8 Barr 407. 
 
 1. No warranty on, 10 W. 9. 
 
 2. When void, 7 W. 305 ; 11 H. 215 ; 12 H. 217 ; 7 Wr. 
 
 219 ; 13 Wr. 394. 
 
 3. Who may avoid, for irregularity, 11 H. 215. 
 
 4. On void judgment, 7 W. 20, 305 ; 10 W. 118. 
 
 5. Must be public and after due notice, 7 W. 305; 7 
 
 Barr 87 ; 10 Barr 396 ; 1 H. 411 ; 3 H. 90 ; 5 H. 
 353 ; 1 Wr. 170 ; 11 S. 415 ; 20 S. 239. 
 
 6. Private sale of, by consent, 6 H. 510 ; 11 S. 415. 
 
 7. When property is held jointly, 2 H. 34. See also, 
 
 Partners. 
 
 8. Rights and liabilities of purchasers, 10 Barr 198 ; 
 
 1 J. 264 ; 8 H. 409 ; 2 Wr. 517 ; 1 Gr. 248. 
 
 9. As to transfer of possession on, 2 p. & W. 478 ; 1 
 
 J. 264 ; 1 H. 515 ; 8 H. 199 ; 12 H. 217 ; 5 Wr. 297 ; 
 
 2 Gr. 431. 
 
 10. When void, 7 Wr. 219 ; 13 Wr. 394 ; 2 Gr. 431. 
 
 11. Effect of payment of proceeds to sheriff, on 
 
 LIEN AND claim, 20 S. 373. 
 
 II. Of REAL ESTATE. 
 
 1. Condemnation or waiver must precede, 2 Y. 150 ; 8 
 
 W. 422 ; 1 W. & S. 519 ; 5 Barr 175 ; 2 H. 78; 3 H. 
 94 ; 8 H. Ill ; 4 S. 506 ; 11 S. 96 ; 18 S. 9. 
 
 2. Not within Statute of Frauds, 1 C. 408 ; 12 C. 123. 
 
 46 
 
722 SHERIFF'S SALE. 
 
 SHERIFF'S ^M:^— continued. 
 
 3. Without venditioni exponas, 4 Y. 108, 212; 2 B. 
 
 80 ; 5 Barr 175 ; 2 H. 78, 79 ; 4 S. 606 ; 11 S. 96 ; 
 18 S. 9. 
 
 4. By consent undee a conditional contract as to 
 ^ PRICE, 2 Gr. 339. 
 
 5. Under void judgment, 7 W. 20, 86, 305 ; 10 "W. 118. 
 
 6. Under municipal lien, 5 Wr. 60. 
 
 7. Under voidable process, 2 B. 80, 92 ; 6 S. & R. 296 ; 
 
 10 S. & R. 103 ; 9 W. & S. 208, 210 ; 10 Barr 495. 
 
 8. Under writ with clerical error, 1 S. & R. 110. 
 
 9. Under erroneous levy, 1 Wr. 307. 
 
 10. On judgment for purchase-monet, 1 P. & W. 474 ; 9 
 
 W. & S. 82 ; 7 Wr. 453. 8ee Purchase-money 21. 
 
 11. Of portion of property covered by mortgage, 3 R. 109. 
 
 12. Op partnership property, 8 H. 228 ; 5 Wr. 297. 
 
 See also, Partnership. 
 
 13. Of one of several joint owners, 2 Y. 549; 5 Wr. 
 
 297 ; 10 Wr. 350. See Tenants in Common. 
 
 14. Of leasehold estate, 2 H. 99. 
 
 15. Of unexecuted land warrant, 7 Wr. 445. 
 
 16. Of life estate, 2 D. 75; 4 D. 220; 1 Y. 196, 427; 4 
 
 Y. 169; 2 B. 80 ; 1 P. & W. 201 ; 8 W. 319 ; 1 Wh. 
 237 ; 1 Barr 201 ; 2 Barr 485 ; 3 Barr 275 ; 5 C. 314 ; 
 6 C. 501 ; 1 H. 488 ; 3 Wr. 498. 
 
 17. Of estate held by entirety, 14 S. 39. See Entirety. 
 
 18. How conducted, 4 Y. 21, 111; 10 Barr 395; 1 H. 
 
 411. 
 
 19. Must be public, 7 W. 305; 7 Barr 87; 10 Barr 396; 
 
 1 H. 411; 3 £[. 90; 5 H. 353; IWr. 170; 11 S. 415; 
 20 S. 239. 
 
 20. Of land in adjoining counties, 1 Barr 218; 10 H. 
 
 198. 
 
 21. After division of county, 1 S. & R. 63, 126; 1 Barr 
 
 218. 
 
 22. When made prior to Act of 1836, 10 S. & R. 161; 1 
 
 C. 85. 
 
 23. Before return day on fieri facias, 1 W. & S. 519. 
 
 24. After return day on fieri facias, 9 Barr 108 ; 1 W. 
 
 & S. 515, 519; 11 S. 104. 
 
 25. After return day on venditioni exponas, 2 B. 80; 1 
 
SHERIFF'S SALE. 723 
 
 SHERIFF'S SALE— continued. 
 
 S. & R. 92; 1 W. & S. 519; 9 Barr 108; 3 S. 302; 
 11 S. 104. 
 
 26. As TO CONDITIONS OF SALE. 
 
 Without reserve, 8 W. 48 ; 2 H. 9. 
 
 Subject to liens, 2 B. 46 ; 13 S. & R. 167 ; 14 S. & R. 
 
 257; 16 S. & R. 163, 410; 4 R. 440; 1 P. & W. 
 
 44; 4 W. 396; 7 W. 437; 3 W. & S. 259; 6 W. & 
 
 S. 280 ; 9 W. & S. 103 ; 6 Barr 245 ; 8 Barr 297 ; 6 
 
 C. 348; 11 C. 173. 182; 1 H. 113; 7 H. 64 ; 8 H. 
 
 236; 10 H. 120, 303, 312, 318; 4 Wr. 170; 12 Wr. 
 
 491; 6 S. 53; 17 S. 326. 
 Terms cash unless otherwise provided, 10 S. & R. 207. 
 As to hand money, 2 C. 266. 
 When evidence, 1 R. 223; 7 W. & S. 32. 
 Subject to mortgage which by law would be discharged, 
 
 6 W. & S. 280; 10 H. 312; 11 C. 182; 4 Wr. 170. 
 
 27. CoNHNED TO LEVY, 4 Y. Ill; 2 S. & R. 20; 4 W. 223; 
 
 7 W. 61, 91; 9 W. 482; 2 H. 25. 
 
 28. Effect of adjournment of, on previous bids, 6 Barr 
 
 486. 
 
 29. Right of bidder at, 11 H. 308; 12 C. 123; 5 Wr. 135. 
 
 30. Liability of bidders, 2 C. 266; 12 C. 123. 
 
 31. Effect of notice as to outstanding title, 3 P. & W. 67. 
 
 32. Effect o§ notice as to amount due on execution, 4 
 
 Barr 121. 
 
 33. Right of defendant on, 3 W. 223; 4 W. & S. 45. 
 
 34. Notice of liens, 4 Y. 459 ; 5 S. & R. 223; 13 S. & R. 
 
 306; 2 R. 166: 6 W. 140; 8 W. 49; 3 W. & S. 520; 
 4Barr 121;6 C. 348. 
 
 35. Notice of defendant's title or interest, 3 W. & S. 
 
 520; 10 0. 309. 
 
 36. Of equitable estate, 2 W. 378. 
 
 37. As TO SALE of undivided interest, 2 Y. 549 ; 5 Wr. 
 
 297 ; 10 Wr. 350. 
 
 38. As TO SALE OF SEPARATE TRACTS, 2 Y. 516, 549 ; 1 B. 
 
 61; 10 S. & R. 450; 1 Barr 297; 8 H. 222. 
 
 39. Rule of caveat emptor applied to. See Caveat 
 
 Emptor. 
 
 40. What passes by, 1 Y. 306, 427 ; 4 Y. Ill; 2 B. 80; 5 
 
 B. 266 ; 2 S. & R. 20 ; 3 S. & R. 311 ; 5 S. & R. 223, 
 257 ; 9 S. & R. 156; 11 S. & R. 134 ; 1 R. 95, 155, 
 397 ; 2 R. 188; 4 R. 440; 2 P. & W. 340; 1 W. 397; 
 2 W. 373; 4 W. 223, 397; 6 W. 167; 7 W. 316; 
 
724 SHERIFF'S SALE. 
 
 SHERIFF'S ^KLS.— continued. 
 
 8 W. 422; 9 W. 482 ; 10 W. 436; 3 Wh. 331; 1 W. 
 
 6 S. 533; 3 W. & S. 114; 9 F- & S. 103; 1 Barr 92; 
 2 Barr 187; 3 Barr 79; 5 Barr 132; 8 Barr 473; 9 
 Barr 305; 1 H. 113 ; 2 H. 25 ; 5 H. 30 ; 7 H. 154, 
 248; 1 C. 71, 436; 2 C. 438; 6 C. 350; 11 C. 97; 5 
 Wr. 135; 9 Wr. 475; 11 Wr. 344, 387, 465; 18 S. 
 223. 
 
 41. When title commences under, 2 Y. 455, 456 ; 1 S. & 
 
 R. 96; 6 W. 298; 7 W. 437; 8 W. & S. 185. 
 
 42. Effect of subsequent sale on title, 7 H. 277. 
 
 43. Effect of on liens, 1 D. 486 ; 2 D. 131 ; 4 D. 214 
 
 275, 450; 2 Y. 45; 3 Y. 561; 4 Y. 316; 2 B. 218 
 231; 3 B. 97, 343, 3-58; 6 B. 293; 7 S. & R. 64, 278. 
 286; 9 S. & R. 306; 13 S. &R. 229; 14 S. & R. 257 
 16 S. & R. 163, 167, 410, 413 ;-l R. 64, 802; 2 R, 
 56, 63 ; 3 R. 109, 117, 129, 134 ; 4 R. 394 ; 5 R. 131 
 
 I P. & W. 96, 112, 162, 474, 484; 2 P. & W. 135 
 277, 340, 477, 497; 1 W. 259; 2 W. 281, 378 ; 7 W 
 20, 51, 144, 297, 316; 8 W. 186, 296, 392 ; 9 W. 44, 
 96, 396, 484 ; 10 W. 9 ; 1 W. & S. 142, 235 ; 2 W. & 
 S. 399; 3 W. & S. 28, 34, 444, 470; 6 W. & S. 280 
 8 W. & S. 186; 9 W. & S. 82, 105: 1 Barr 92; 5 Barr 
 242, 420; 8 Barr 297, 471; 2 J. 283; 8 H. 236, 248 
 
 II H. 491; 12 H. 368, 398; 6 C. 348; 7 C. 53 ; 11 
 0. 173; 2 Wr. 49, 385; 3 Wr. 328; 4 Wr. 170, 278 
 
 7 Wr. 468; 8 Wr. 95; 9 Wr. 439; 12 Wr. 96, 223 
 13 Wr. 9, 353; 11 S. 385. See Judgment; Mort- 
 gage. 
 
 44. Effect of on debt, 1 R. 382 ; 20 S. 373. 
 
 45. What charges on land are not discharged by, 9 S. 
 
 & R. 402 ; 1 W. 259 ; 2 W. 373 ; 3 W. 296 ; 7 W. 144, 
 316; 8 W. 392; 1 W. & S. 239; 1 Barr 92; 8 Barr 
 473 ; 2 J. 186 ; 8 H. 236 ; 4 Wr. 170 ; 12 Wr. 96 ; 13 
 Wr. 353; 11 S. 385. /S'ee Dower; Mortgage; Widow. 
 
 46. Effect of on men entered on day of sale, 12 H. 
 
 398. 
 
 47. Effect of on lien entered after sale, 1 P. & W. 
 
 484. 
 
 48. Effect of, on interest on liens, 4 W. 72 ; 4 Wh. 
 
 222 ; 6 S. 386. 
 
 49. Power of court over, 1 Y. 9: 4 Y. 308; 2 S. & R. 
 
 375. 
 
 50. Not to be impeached collaterally, 7 W. & S. 458 ; 
 
 1 J. 19. 
 
SHEKIFF'S SALE. 725 
 
 SHERIFF'S SALE— continued. 
 
 51. Issue to try validity op, 9 W. 183. 
 
 52. Not conclusive as to value of the property sold, 4 
 
 Wh. 44. 
 63. When and for what set aside, 3 Y. 268 ; 4 Y. 205, 
 221 ; 3 B. 54 ; 2 S. & R. 20 ; 9 S. & R. 156, 397 ; 11 
 S. & R. 119; 16 S. & R. 163; 1 R. 227; 2 P. & W. 
 340 ; 2 W. 66; 6 W. 140 ; 7 W. 20, 305; 1 W. & S. 
 519 ; 9 Barr :i03; 1 H. 359; 2 H. 9; 11 H. 509 ; 12 
 H. 472; 1 C. 413; 4 C. 433; 8 C. 479; 5 Wr. 135; 
 19 S. 81; 20 S. 231. 
 
 54. Return "of non-payment" of purchase-money, 1 D. 
 
 419 ; 2 C. 266. 
 
 55. Confirmation of sale, 3 Y. 406, 561 ; 2 S. & R. 426 ; 
 
 4 S. & R. 82 ; 1 W. 263 ; 7 H. 277 ; 1 C. 102 ; 4 C. 
 135. 
 
 56. Priority as to confirmation of, 7 H. 277; 1 C. 102. 
 
 57. Sale to lien creditor, 10 W. 407 ; 1 W. & S. 129. 
 
 58. Sale to one of several defendants, 2 Wr. 49 ; 10 
 
 Wr. 380. 
 
 59. Distribution of proceeds of. 
 Void sale not confirmed by, 4 S. 506. 
 
 Payment of proceeds into court must precede, 2 S. & R. 
 375; 4 Wh. 21; 9 Barr 267, 270; 11 H. 491; 10 
 Wr. 534, 536; 1 Gr. 242; 8 S. 86; 20 S. 261. 
 
 Payment into court excused, 8 S. 86. , 
 
 Power of court as to, 2 D. 183; 10 S. & R. 386; 17 S. 
 
 6 R. 278, 400; 1 P. & W. 280; 2 P. & W. 296; 8' 
 W. 39; 4 H. 59; 5 H. 271; 10 H. 359; 12 H. 
 105; 2 C. 262; 5 Wr. 524. 
 
 Inquiry into regularity of proceedings on, 8 H. 141 ; 15 
 
 S. 363. 
 Order of distribution, 1 P. & W. 49. 
 ■As between equitable claimants, 1 Y. 9 ; 8 W. 329 ; 10 
 
 W. 303; 5 Wr. 524; 10 Wr. 318, 350, 407; 11 Wr. 
 
 255, 307, 485; 12 Wr. 159,223. 
 On sale of equitable interest, 2 Barr 41. 
 Preference as to purchase-money, 7 S. & R. 286 ; 9 S. & 
 
 R. 397; 1 W. & S. 142. See Purchase-money. 
 On sale of lands of intestate defendant, 13 S. & R. 299 ; 
 
 2R. 259, 260; 4 W. 24. 
 What liens are entitled to participate in, 13 S. & R. 227 ; 
 
 14 S. & R. 257; 1 P. & W. 44; 5 W. 193; 8 W. 
 
 48; 1 W. & S. 235; 3 W. & S. 28; 4 W. & S. 45; 
 
 7 W. & S. 267 ; 8 W. & S. 387, 444; 9 W. & S. 
 
726 SHERIFFS SALE— SHERIFF'S VENDEE. 
 
 SHERIFF'S ^AIM— continued. 
 
 36; 1 Barr 166; 3 H. 382; 4 H. 59; 8 H. 864; 
 
 11 H. 505; 1 Wr. 268; 7 Wr. 129; 8 Wr. 508; 
 
 10 Wr. 350 ; 12 Wr. 223 ; 13 Wr. 380, 384 ; 1 Gr. 
 
 68,242; 15 S. 363. 
 Where liens are of same date, 3 P. & W. 245; 10 H. 359 ; 
 
 8 C. 276. 
 Computation of interest on, 4 Wh. 221, 222 ; 2 C. 178. 
 Where Exemption Law is waived on some of the liens, 12 
 
 Wr. 315. 
 Where land sold had previously been devised, 4 W. 24. 
 Where lien creditor is insolvent, 8 W. 39 ; 5 Wr. 524. 
 Conclusiveness of record as to liens, 6 W. 341. See Au- 
 ditor, V. 2. 
 Power of auditor in, 2 Wr. 220; 11 Wr. 67; 12 Wr. 
 
 159. See Auditor, V. 2. 
 Where facts are controverted, 4 Y. 308. See Auditor. 
 Inquiry into title of defendant in execution, 2 Barr 463. 
 As to notice to defendant, on, 8 H. 141. 
 Effect of omission of lien creditor to claim, 8 Barr 312 ; 
 
 1 Gr. 242. 
 Right of owner of undivided moiety of land sold, 10 Wr. 
 
 350. 
 Issue on, 7 H. 84, 494; 1 Wr. 268 ; 2 Wr. 210 ; 10 Wr. 
 
 407; 11 Wr. 255, 485; 13 Wr. 380, 884; 14 Wr. 
 
 250. See Feigned Issue. 
 Conclusiveness of decree of, 17 S. & R. 278 ; 3 P. & W. 
 
 265; 3 Barr 312; 1 Gr. 242. 
 Who entitled to except to, 1 Wr. 268 ; 10 Wr. 407 ; 12 
 
 Wr. 159; 13 Wr. 141, 380, 384; 1 Gr. 242. 
 What heard on, 2 R. 265; 8 H. 361. 
 Confirmation of, 3 Barr 812 ; 1 H. 414. 
 EiTect of decree of, on right to proceed by scire facias, 10 
 
 Wr. 534. 
 Payment of surplus after death of defendant in writ, 2 S. 
 
 & R. 277. 
 Payment of surplus to mortgage creditor, 13 S. & R. 
 
 227. 
 Payment of surplus to assignee of defendant, 3 Wh". 347. 
 60. Appeal from, to Supreme Court, 2 R. 377 ; 1 P. & 
 W. 481 ; 2 P. & W. 880; 3 P. & W. 265; 1 W. 259, 
 396; 3 H. 480; 2 C. 490; 1 Gr. 242. 
 
 SHERIFF'S VENDEE. 
 I. Title acquired by, 1 Y. 306, 427 ; 8 Y. 268 ; 4 Y. Ill ; 
 2 B. 80; 5 B. 266 ; 2 S. & R. 20 ; 3 S. & R. 311 ; 5 S. 
 & R. 223, 257 ; 9 S. & R. 156, 402 ; 11 S. & R. 134 ; 16 S. 
 
SHERIFF'S VENDEE. 727 
 
 SHERIFF'S Y'E^'DE'E— continued. 
 
 & R. 266; 1 R. 95; 2 R. 188; 2 P. & W. 223, 340; 
 1 W. 397 ; 2 W. 373 ; 4 W. 192, 195, 223 ; 7 W. 51, 86, 270, 
 316, 437 ; 8 W. 422 ; 9 W. 482 ; 3 Wh. 331 ; 1 W. & S. 533 ; 
 6 W. & S. 504; 1 Barr 92 ; 2 Barr 27 ; 3 Barr 79, 187; 
 5 Barr 132, 431 ; 8 Barr 473 ; 9 Barr 305 ; 10 Barr 472 ; 
 1 H. 113; 2 H. 25; 5 H. 30; 7 H. 24, 277; 8 H. 
 154; 1 0. 71, 436; 2 C. 438; 6 C. 350; 7 C. 120; 11 
 C. 97; 5 Wr. 135; 9 Wr. 475; 11 Wr. 344, 387, 465; 
 14 S. 39; 16 S. 196; 18 S. 223. 
 
 II. Rights of. 
 
 1. To HAVE TITLE PERFECTED, 4 S. & R. 82 ; 5 S. & R. 
 
 223. 
 
 2. To SUSTAIN defendant's title, 8 S. & R. 440 ; 9 S. & 
 
 R. 402; 12 S. & R. 455, 459; 16 S. & R. 18, 266, 
 425; 3 W. 230; 9 Barr 400. 
 
 3. Before acknowledgment of deed, 1 P. & W. 402; 2 
 
 P. & W. 223. 
 
 4. When joint owner with defe^tdant in writ, 2 Wr. 
 
 49; 10 Wr. 380. 
 
 5. To land sold by mistake, 1 Wr. 307. 
 
 6. To DEFEND against LIEN FOR UNPAID PURCHASE-MONEY, 
 
 8 S. & R. 440 ; 9 S. & R. 402 ; 12 S. & R. 455, 459 ; 
 16 S. & R. 18, 266, 425; 3 W. 230. 
 
 7. To DISREGARD SECRET TRUSTS, &c., 5 S. & R. 223 ; 2 R. 
 
 215; 10 H. 120; 1 Wr. 315; 1 Gr. 266. 
 
 8. To ABANDON PURCHASE, 20 S. 281. 
 
 9. To RENT, 1 Y. 576 ; 3 S. & R. 500 ; 1 R. 155 ; 2 R. 
 
 276; 3 W. 394, 400; 9 W. 486; 10 W. 362; 4 W. 
 & S. 535; 5 W. & S. 432; 4 Barr 146 ; 2 J. 220 ; 5 
 C. 66; 1 Wr. 134; 7 Wr. 342; 11 Wr. 349; 1 S. 
 261; 14 S. 58; 19 S. 318. 
 
 10. To ACTION FOR USE AND OCCUPATION, 14 S. 58. 
 
 11. To AFFIRM OR DISAFFIRM LEASE, 9 W. 436 ; 4 W. & S. 
 
 535; 19 S. 316. 
 
 12. To CROP IN THE GROUND, 1 R. 353 ; 2 R. 161 ; 6 Barr 
 
 145; 8 Barr 342; 4 H. 175, 279; 9 H. 90, 260; 5 
 C. 66, 68 ; 4 Wr. 484. See Crops. 
 
 13. To RELIEF IN CASE OF FRAUD, 5 S. & R. 223. 
 
 14. Not affected by sheriff's omission to return writ, 
 
 1 R. 95. 
 
 15. To possession of property, 2 Y. 443; 5 S. & R. 159; 
 
728 SHERIFFS VENDEE. 
 
 SHERIFF'S YE^BEE— continued. 
 
 1 R. 223; 1 P. & W. 402; 2 P. & W. 223; 3 Barr 
 275; 5 H. 467; 8 H. 105; 4 C. 135; 18 S. 223. 
 
 16. Proceedings to obtain possession. 
 
 By ejectment, 1 Y. 21, 195, 300; 7 S. & R. 265 ; 17 S. 
 
 & R. 393; 2 P. & W. 223; 3 W. 223; 5 W. 272; 
 
 3 Wh. 250 ; 6 W. & S. 504 ; 14 S. 58. 
 Before justice of the peace, 3 S. & R. 95, 107 ; 5 S. & 
 
 R. 157 ; 13 S. & R. 278 ; 2 W. 143 ; 3 W. 223 ; 5 
 
 W. 17, 293; 9 W. 149; 1 Barr 182; 4 Barr 348; 
 
 6 Barr 239 ; 6 C. 352 ; 6 S. 198. 
 Competency of party as witness. 1 W. & S. 245. 
 Damages in, 14 S. & R. 162 ; 5 W. 17 ; 6 C. 352. 
 Certiorari, 3 S. & R. 95 ; 5 S. & R. 157 ; 9 Barr 42 ; 6 
 
 S. 198. 
 
 III. Duty of. 
 
 1. As TO PAYMENT OF PURCHASE-MONEY, 6 B. 118 ; 2 S. & 
 
 R. 426; 7 S. & R. 72, 197; 10 S. & R. 207; 16 S. & 
 R. 261 ; 2 W. 363; 4 W. 160 ; -5 W. 515 ; 5 Wh. 26 ; 
 7 W. & S. 454 ; 6 Barr 393 ; 7 Barr 117 ; 1 J. 295 ; 
 
 2 J. 186; 8 C. 121; 5 S. 476. 
 
 2. When co-dependant in writ, 2 Wr. 49; 10 Wr. 380. 
 
 IV. Liability of. 
 
 1. On abandonment of' purchase, 20 S. 281. 
 
 2. As to liens existing at time of sale, 2 B. 46; 13 S. 
 
 & R. 167; 14 S. & R. 257; 16 S. & R. 163, 410; 4 
 R. 440 ; 1 P. & W. 44 ; 4 W. 396 ; 3 Wh. 170 ; 3 W. 
 & S. 259; 6 W. & S. 280; 9 W. & S. 103; 6 Barr 
 245 ; 8 Barr 297 ; 1 H. 113 ; 7 H. 64 ; 8 H. 236 ; 10 
 H. 120, 303, 312; 6 C. 368 ; 11 C. 130, 173; 4 Wr. 
 170 ; 12 Wr. 491. 
 
 3. For interest, 4 W. 59 ; 9 Barr 308. 
 
 4. For ground-rent, 5 Barr 13 ; 6 C. 348. See Ground- 
 
 rent 33. 
 
 5. For county tax, 9 W. 413; 18 S. 439. 
 
 6. For purchase-money, 6 B. 118; 2 S. & R. 426; 7 S. 
 
 & R. 76, 197 ; 10 S. & R. 207; 2 W. 363; 4 W. 160 ; 
 5 W. 515. 
 
 7. On bond given under conditions op sale, 9 S. & R. 
 
 156; 4 W. 160. 
 
 8. On resale of property, 1 P. & W. 9; 7 W. 32; 10 
 
 Barr 491; 1 C. 373; 16 S. 27. 
 
 9. After acceptance of deed, 7 S. & R. 197; 2 P. & W. 
 
 223. 
 
SHEKIFE'S VENDEE— SHIP. 729 
 
 SHERIFF'S YE^B'EE— continued. 
 
 10. To DOWER, 1 Wr. 177; 4 Wr. 170. See Dower. 
 
 11. To LIEN OP FIRST MORTGAGE. See MORTGAGE. 
 
 12. To LIEN OF JUDGMENT BEFORE ACKNOWLEDGMENT OF 
 
 DEED, 7 W. 437 ; 8 W. & S. 188 ; 1 C. 71 ; 4 0. 169. 
 
 13. Application of rule of lis pendens to, 3 C. 418. 
 
 14. On promise to purchase for use of defendant, 1 R. 
 
 408; 9 W. 32; 10 W. 313; 1 W. & S. 372; 6 W. & 
 S. 149; 8 C. 871. 
 
 15. For conspiring with creditors as to bidding at 
 
 SALE, 12 II. 472. 
 
 16. For lien against joint debtor, 3 H. 323. 
 
 17. On notice of unrecorded title, 3 Barr 242. 
 
 18. On notice of fraud in title, 5 Barr 216. 
 
 19. On deed and mortgage imperfectly recorded, 11 
 
 C. 130. 
 
 20. For declarations of defendant as to title, 1 Y. 
 
 305. 
 
 21. After affirmance of existing lease, 4 W. & S. 
 
 535. 
 
 22. For fraud, 2 W. 66;, 10 W. 318; 1 W. & S. 128, 297; 
 
 2 W. & S. 122; 3 W. & S. 314. 
 
 23. What acts will avoid sale, 1 D. 419 ; 4 D. 220 ; 9 
 
 S. & R. 164; 2 W. 268; 1 C. 418. See Sheriff's 
 Sale 53. 
 
 24. How AFFECTED BY FILING MECHANICS* LIEN. See 
 
 Mechanics' Lien, XIII. 16. 
 
 SHIFTED LOCATION. 
 
 I. Application for land on. 
 
 1. How perfected, 2 Y. 245; 4 B. 51. 
 
 2. Effect of survey on, 1 B. 246 ; 14 S. & R. 372. 
 
 3. When title commences under, 3 Y. 529; 8 B. 66; 5 
 
 S. & R. 255. 
 
 4. Return of survey on, 5 S. & R. 215. 
 
 5. Warrant for, 3 Y. 529 ; 4 B. 51. 
 
 SHIFTED WARRANT. 
 
 Title under, 4 B. 51; 6 S. & R. 130; 10 S. & R. 214; 14 S. 
 &R. 372; 1 C. 240; 9 C. 474. 
 
 SHIP. 
 
 1. Repairs to, 3 Y. 181, 392; 1 Wh. 398; 4 W. & S. 240; 
 3 Wr. 342. 
 
730 SHIP— SHIPMASTER. 
 
 S HIP — continued. 
 
 2. Abandonment of. See Abandonment. 
 
 3. Hypothecation op, 2 D. 195; 4 D. 221; 1 Y. 3; 8 S. & 
 
 R. 118; 18 Wr. 203. ' 
 
 4. Condemnation of. 
 
 As prize in foreign court, 2 Y. 178. 
 
 5. Unseaworthiness of, 1 Wh. 398. 
 
 6. Seizure of. 
 
 For violation of neutrality, 1 D. 333. 
 For breact of blockade, 5 S. & R. 71. 
 For breach of municipal law, 3 B. 220. 
 
 7. Capture of. See Capture ; Insurance. 
 
 SHIP AGENT. 
 
 Competency as witness, 3 Y. 101. 
 
 SHIP BOOKS. 
 
 Admissibility of, in evidence, 1 D. 238, 239, 276, 310. 
 
 SHIP BUILDER. 
 Lien of, 3 Y. 392. 
 
 SHIP CHARGES. 
 Meaning of, 4 B. 361. 
 
 SHIPMASTER. 
 
 1. Rights of, 4 D. 225; 3 Y. 131, 445, 450; 1 B. 531; 5 B. 
 
 392. 
 
 2. Deviation by, 3 B. 457; 9 Barr 390. See Deviation. 
 
 3. Sales by, 2 Wr. 176! 
 
 4. Protest of. 
 
 When evidence, 1 D. 6, 10; 3 Y. 375; 4 Y. 115, 117; 1 
 
 B. 46 ; 3 B. 227 ; 8 S. & R. 533 ; 9 Barr 398. 
 When to be made, 1 D. 318 ; 2 D. 196 ; 1 Y. 201. 
 
 4. Letters of. 
 
 When evidence, 3 Y. 375. 
 
 5. Lien of. 
 
 For wages, 8 S. & R. 118. 
 For advances, 2 H. 34. 
 
 6. Duty op. 
 
 As to delivery to consignee, 1 R. 203. 
 As to instruction, 2 D. 51. 
 As to collision, 7 H. 346. 
 
 7. Liability of. 
 
 To removal, 1 D. 5, 49. 
 
 For mariner's wages, 1 D. 393. 
 
SHIPMASTEK— SICKNESS. 731 
 
 SHIPMASTER— cowimwet^. 
 For barratry, 3 Y. 375. 
 For supplies and repairs, 4 W. 240. 
 On sale of cargo, 6 B. 262 ; 10 Barr 114. 
 For disobedience, 4 B. 391. 
 8. Power of. 
 
 To bind owners, 3 W. 65 ; 3 Gr. 290 ; 14 S. 231. 
 
 SHIP OWNER. 
 I. Liability of. 
 
 1. Foe misconduct of pilot, 4 D. 206. 
 
 2. For acts of captain, 3 W. 65. 
 
 3. For supplies, 4 W. & S. 240 ; 11 H. 76 ; 3 Gr. 290 ; 14 
 
 S. 231. 
 
 4. To REFUND PASSAGE MONEY, 1 H. 33. 
 
 5. Of joint owners, 2 H. 34. 
 
 6. To shipper, 2 Wr. 169. 
 
 SHIP PAPERS. 
 
 When evidence, 1 D. 141, 238, 276, 310. 
 
 SHIPPER. 
 
 I. Rights of. 
 
 1. Generally, 2 Wr. 169. 
 
 2. As to loading cargo, 3 B. 329 ; 2 Wr. 169. 
 
 3. To sue carrier, 1 Y. 409; 1 J. 515. 
 
 4. To sue consignee, 1 Y. 409. 
 
 II. Liability of. 
 
 1. Generally, 2 Wr. 169. 
 
 2. For commissions of supercargo, 3 B. 329. 
 
 3. To SHIP owner, 2 Wr. 169. 
 
 SHIP REGISTER. 
 
 1. Object of, 11 H. 76. 
 
 2. Effect of on vessel sold at sba, 4 D. 374, App. iv, 
 
 XXX. 
 
 3. Contract in violation of, 4 D. 269, 298, 308, 342. 
 
 4. Certificate of. 
 
 Not proof of ownership, 11 H. 76. 
 
 SHORES. See Riparian Owners. 
 
 SHORT PLEAS. 
 
 Admissibility of, 6 B. 12. 
 
 SICKNESS. See Adjournment ; Continuance. 
 
732 SIC UTERE TUO, &o.— SLANDER. 
 
 SIC UTERE TUO, &c. 
 Application of maxim, 1 S. 432 ; 16 S. 430. 
 
 SIGNATURE. 
 
 1. Proof op. See Handwritins. 
 
 2. Liability inferred from position of, 3 Wr. 263. 
 
 SILENCE. 
 
 Fraudulent, 2 P. & W. 19; .6 Barr 367. 
 Effect of. See Estoppel. 
 
 SILICET. 
 
 In legal documents. 
 Object of, 6 B. 12. 
 
 SIMULTANEOUS SALES. See Exchange. 
 
 SKILL. 
 
 Required in contract for performance of stipulated work, 8 
 H. 130. 
 
 SLANDER. 
 
 I. Distinguished prom libel, 5 B. 349. 
 
 II. What words are actionable, 2 D. 59 ; 2 Y. 243 ; 4 Y. 
 
 322, 423, 507 ; 1 B. 178, 393, 537 ; 2 B. 34, 60 ; 3 B. 
 515 ; 5 B. 218 ; 2 S. & R. 469; 3 S. & R. 255 ; 7 S. & 
 R. 449 ; 8 S. & R. 571 ; 10 S. & R. 18, 44 ; 16 S. & R. 
 385 ; 1 P. & W. 12 ; 2 P. & W. 148 ; 3 P. & W. 103 ; 
 2 W. 352 ; 3 W. 90, 93 ; 2 Wh. 313 ; 3 Wh. 138 ; 
 2 W. & S. 408; 1 Barr 62; 2 Barr 187 ; 5 Barr 372 ; 2 
 J. 200 ; 4 H. 204 ; 6 H. 489 ; 8 H. 159 ; 9 H. 522 ; 11 
 H. 82; 3 C. 112; 8 C. 273; 2 Or. 451; 3 Gr. 181; 3 
 S. 418; 7 S. 62; 9 S. 485; 13 S. 46; 16 S. 141; 17 
 S. 54. 
 
 III. Of title when actionable, 13 S. 49. 
 
 IV. How WORDS used are to be construed, 1 D. 114 ; 2 
 D. 59; 3 Y. 508; 4 Y. 322; 3 B. 515; 3 S. & R. 255; 
 2 W. 22, 353; 4 W. 393; 5 Barr 372; 3 S. 418; 9 S. 
 488. 
 
 V. Where foreign language is used, 3 W. 28. 
 
 Implication of malice in, 3 W. & S. 554; 8 C. 247; 3 S. 
 343. 
 
 VI. Action for. See Case. 
 
 1. Parties plaintiff, 3 B. 555 ; 5 B. 43 ; 11 S. & R. 343 ; 
 
 4 Barr 29 ; 8 H. 159; 1 Wr. 130; 9 Wr. 403; 2 Gr. 
 39. 
 
 2. Holding defendant to bail, 4 Y. 193. 
 
SLANDEE. 733 
 
 SLANDER — continued. 
 
 3. Declaration in, 4 Y. 423; 1 B. 393, 637; 2 B. 34; 3 
 
 B. 555; 5 S. & R. 190; 7 S. & R. 223, 227; 10 S. & 
 R. 222 ; 12 S. & R. 427 ; 2 P. & W. 114 ; 1 W. 23 ; 2 
 W. 17, 109 ; 3 W. 300 ; 6 W. 331 ; 8 H. 159 ; 3 C. 
 263; 3 S. 14,418; 16 S. 141. 
 Amendment of, 4 Y. 507 ; 3 P. & W. 65 ; 3 W. 28 ; 3 
 
 Barr 221 ; 9 Wr. 403 ; 11 Wr. 198, 200. 
 Office of innuendo, 1 B. 637 ; 2 B. 60 ; 3 B. 516 ; 5 B. 
 218 ; 11 S. & R. 343 ; 2 W. 17, 20, 352, 353 ; 4 W. 
 393; 8 W. 300; 4 H. 204; 6 H. 489; 11 H. 82; 8 
 0. 273 ; 2 J. 200 ; 1 Wr. 130 ; 2 Gr. 451 ; 3 S. 418; 
 7 S. 62 ; 9 S. 488. 
 Office of colloquium, 1 B. 537 ; 3 P. & W. 106 ; 1 W. 
 24 ; 2 W. 17, 20, 353 ; 8 W. 300 ; 5 Barr 376 ; 2 J. 
 200 ; 6 H. 489 ; 8 C. 275 ; 11 H. 82 ; 3 S. 418 ; 7 
 S. 62; 9 S. 488. 
 When unnecessary. 2 W. 20, 353; 11 H. 82. 
 Proof of, 6 H. 489. 
 
 4. Plea in. 
 
 Withdrawal of, 2 Barr 187. 
 
 Notice of special matter in, 2 Wh. 313. 
 
 5. Disclaimer in, 1 Barr 340. 
 
 6. Evidence in. 
 
 Materiality of for the court, 6 Barr 170. 
 
 For plaintiif, 2 Y. 473 ; 3 Y. 608 ; 4 Y. 609 ; 3 B. 646 ; 
 
 2 S. & R. 440, 469; 10 S. & R. 44; 14 S. & R. 
 
 359; 2 Wh. 313; 3 Wh. 138; 3 W. & S. 554; 5 W. 
 
 & S. 364; 6 Barr 170 ; 7 C. 66 ; 10 C. 114, 117 ; 10 
 
 S. 166 ; 16 S. 141 ; 17 S. 64. 
 Effect of variance between proof and declaration, 2 Y. 
 
 243 ; 6 B, 121 ; 5 Barr 372 ; 3 0. 95. 
 For defendant. 
 
 Under plea of not guilty, 4 R. 295 ; 6 W. 439 ; 6 W. 
 & S. 364 ; 3 Barr 221 ; 6 Barr 170 ; 9 Barr 312 ; 
 
 2 H. 366 ; 3 Wr. 441 ; 11 Wr. 198. 
 
 Under plea of justification, 2 Y. 243 ; 5 S. & R. 190 ; 
 
 3 W. & S. 554 ; 6 Barr 170 ; 1 H. 619 ; 8 C. 96, 
 247 ; 5 Barr 372. 
 
 In mitigation of damages, 1 B. 85 ; 2 S. & R. 23 ; 5 
 S. & R. 190; 3 P. & W. 102 ; 2 Wh. 313 ; 3 W. 
 & S. 366 ; 5 W. & S. 364 ; 1 Barr 340 ; 3 Barr 
 221 ; 6 Barr 170 ; 9 Barr 312 ; 1 H. 619 ; 2 H. 
 365 ■ 3 C 11^ 
 
 Of character, 6 wT439 ; 2 Wh. 313 ; 6 Barr 170 ; 10 
 
734 SLANDER— SPANISH TREATY. 
 
 SLANDER— coM^mwed 
 
 C. 115 ; 11 Wr. 198, 201 ; 13 Wr. 210 ; 2 Gr. 39 ; 
 3 S 343 418 
 Of malice, 7 C. 65 ; 8 C. 247 ; 17 S. 54. 
 
 7. Nonsuit in, 3 Gr. 181. 
 
 8. Damages in, 1 B. 85, 88, 537 ; 3 P. & W. 103 ; 16 S. 
 
 & R. 141 ; 3 Wr. 441 ; 11 Wr. 198 ; 17 S. 54. 
 
 9. Verdict in, 1 W. 489 ; 10 W. 245. 
 
 Errors and omissions cured by, 5 S. & R. 190 ; 3 C. 263 ; 
 7 S. 62. 
 
 10. Judgment in, 8 W. 300 ; 10 W. 245 ; 8 C. 273 ; 2 Gr. 
 
 451 ; 3 S. 418. 
 
 11. Costs in, 3 B. 321 ; 6 S. & R. 85 ; 2 J. 207 ; 2 Gr. 388. 
 
 SLAVES. See Negroes. 
 
 SMITH, THOMAS, JUDGE. 
 Death of, announced, 1 B. 501. 
 
 "SO FAR AS." 
 
 Meaning of in contract, 2 Gr. 462. 
 
 SOLDIER. 
 
 1. Right of to vote, 5 W. 403, 429. 
 
 2. Service of process on, 8 Wr. 313, 322 ; 11 Wr. 127. 
 
 3. Liability to suit, 8 Wr. 313, 322 ; 13 S. 413. 
 
 4. Liability of to arrest for debt, 1 Y. 163 ; 4 S. & R. 
 
 505. 
 
 5. Effect of ejectment against, 13 S. 413. 
 
 "SOLE AND SEPARATE USE." 
 
 Meaning of, 6 S. & R. 466 ; 3 R. 203 ; 4 R. 66; 1 Wh. 22. 
 
 " SOLICITATION." 
 
 Distinguished from "attempt," 4 S. 209. 
 
 SOUTH CAROLINA. 
 
 Not " beyond seas," 1 Y. 331, 329. 
 
 SOUTHWARK. 
 
 Streets in, 4 Y. 134. 
 
 SPANISH TREATY. 
 
 1. Effect of, discussed, 5 R. 18, 44. 
 
 2. "Citizens of United States" in, construed, 6 W. & 
 
 S. 243. 
 
 3. Decision of commissioners under, 5 R. 18. 
 
SPECIAL CONSTABLE— SPECIALTY. 735 
 
 SPECIAL CONSTABLE. 
 Who responsible for, 9 W. 439. 
 
 SPECIAL COURT. 
 
 1. Allowance of, 1 D. 169, 267 ; 2 D. Ill ; 3 D. 18, 513 ; 
 
 14 S. & R. 405; 4 W. 154; 1 Wh. 76. 
 
 2. Presumption in favor of necessity for, 11 H. 171. 
 
 3. By whom held, 4 W. 308 ; 11 H. 171. 
 
 4. What waived by trial at, 11 H. 171. 
 
 SPECIAL DAMAGE. 
 
 When to be claimed in declaration, 8 Barr 13, 237, 479. 
 
 SPECIAL JURISDICTION. 
 
 Must be strictly construed, 2 Y. 104, 118. 
 
 SPECIAL JURY. 
 
 1. When and how applied for, 4 Y. 361; 1 B. 850. 
 
 2. When allowed, 2 D. 882 ; 3 Y. 133 ; 1 B. 850. 
 
 3. How supplied, 4 Y. 236 ; 20 S. 32. 
 
 4. When a special venire is necessary, 20 S. 32. 
 
 5. Talesmen in, 2 D. 382 ; 1 Y. 133. 
 
 6. Verdict of. 
 
 When and for what set aside, 4 Y. 384. 
 
 SPECIAL LEGACY, 7 W. 510. See Legacy. 
 
 SPECIAL LEGISLATION. 
 
 Discussed. See Acts of Assembly 23. 
 
 SPECIAL LICENSE. 
 
 To survey land, 4 Y. 54, 68. 
 
 SPECIAL MATTER. 
 
 Notice of. See Payment with Leave. 
 
 SPECIAL MESSENGER OF COURT, 2 D. 111. 
 
 SPECIAL PERFORMANCE. 
 
 Of agreement by cestui que trust, 11 Wr. 113. 
 
 SPECIAL PLEA. 
 
 1. Before justice, 11 H. 102. 
 
 2. When necessary, 9 S. & R. 252. See Plea. 
 
 SPECIAL REPLICATION. 
 
 To plea of Statute of Limitations, 5 Wr. 482. 
 
 SPECIALTY. 
 
 1. Defined, 1 D. 208 ; 1 B. 254, 259 ; 2 S. & R. 114, 502 ; 
 5 Wh. 825 ; 8 W. & S. 410 ; 6 Barr 304 ; 14 S. 79. 
 
736 SPECIALTY— SPECIAL WARRANTY. 
 
 SVECIALTY— continued. 
 2. Made in pursuance of parol authority, 5 W. 22 ; 6 
 
 W. & S. 310; 1 C. 433; 2 Wr. 231 ; 10 S. 214. 
 8. Execution by two sealed by one, 6 Barr 302. 
 
 4. Consideration implied in, 1 S. & E. 317, 408 ; 7 Barr 
 
 100; 1 C. 203; 3 C. 119; 10 C. 155; 6 S. 194; 12 S. 
 407. 
 
 5. Parol alteration of, 1 S. & R. 294 ; 2 W. 451 ; 2 W. & 
 
 S. 46, 217; 6 W. & S. 439; 4 Barr 166; 10 H. 454; 
 12 H. 283 ; 2 Gr. 426 ; 9 S. 406. 
 
 6. Transfer of. 
 
 By assignment, 2 W. 222 ; 10 Barr 428 ; 13 S. & R. 
 
 311. 
 By endorsement, 13 S. & R. 311 ; 5 Wh. 325. 
 Liability of transfer to real owner with notice, 15 S. 303. 
 
 7. Preference on distribution of assets of decedent, 11 
 
 S. & R. 182. 
 
 8. Action on, 1 D. 208 ; 11 H. 464 ; 11 Wr. 500. 
 
 Evidence on, 2 D. 297 ; 4 Y. 79 ; 5 S. & R. 427; 17 S. 
 
 & R. 41 ; 3 W. & S. 266; 4 W. & S. 42. 
 Set oifin, 5 W. & S. 39T ; 8 H. 190. 
 
 9. When evidence in assumpsit, 2 P. & W. 361 ; 9 S. 406 ; 
 
 10 S. 214. 
 
 10. Presumption as to payment of, 9 W. 441 ; 2 Barr 481. 
 
 SPECIAL VENIRE. 
 
 When necessary, 20 S. 32. 
 
 SPECIAL VERDICT. 
 
 1. As TO form op, 1 Y. 545 ; 2 Y. 545 ; 3 Y. 386 ; 4 Y. 54; 
 
 11 S. & R. 202; 4 W. 456; 2 H. 31 ; 8 H. 60, 104; 9 
 H. 413, 416; 10 H. 75; 8 S. 461; 11 S. 347. 
 
 2. When proper, 1 B. 502 ; 5 W. 345 ; 3 Wh. 47. 
 
 3. Effect op, 2 Y. 548; 3 Y. 386. 
 
 4. Discontinuance of suit after, 2 B. 454. 
 
 5. Judgment on, 11 S. & R. 202; 8 W. & S. 47. 
 
 6. Power op Supreme Court on, 6 Barr 348. 
 
 7. Admissibility of in evidence, 1 D. 419. 
 
 8. In criminal case, 14 Wr. 181. 
 
 SPECIAL WARRANTY. 
 
 1. As to form of, 7 W. 227; 2 H. 308. 
 
 2. Effect of, 4 D. 440, 443; 16 S. & R. 198; 2 H. 308; 
 
 12 Wr. 73. 
 
SPECIAL WARRANTY— SPECIAL PERFORMANCE. 737 
 
 SPECIAL WARRANTY— conimwed 
 
 3. Vendee only entitled to, 12 Wr. 73. 
 
 4. Action on. 
 
 Proof of eviction in, 4 B. 352. 
 
 SPECIE. 
 
 Defined, 4 Y. 98. 
 
 SPECIFIC ARTICLES. 
 
 1. Contract for delivery of, construed, 2 P. & W. 63; 
 
 2 J. 56, 97 ; 2 H. 145. 
 
 2. Remedy for non-delivery of, 2 P. & W. 63. 
 
 SPECIFIC PERFORMANCE. 
 
 I. Of contract for sale of personal property, 1 P. & 
 
 W. 670; 2 P. & W. 63; 2 J. 56, 61, 97; 2 H. 145; 6 H. 
 157. 
 
 II. Of contract for sale of land. 
 1. Enforcement of in equity. 
 
 English rule as to, 3 Y. 177. 
 
 Jurisdiction of courts in, 5 Wr. 502; 1 Gr. 53. See 
 
 Ejectment. 
 Limitation to proceedings for, 2 J. 283; 1 S. 279; 3 S. 
 
 161. 
 Prerequisites to proceeding, 4 Y. 344; 4 B. 31; 1 S. & 
 
 R. 80; 2 S. & R. 352; 8 S. & R. 484; 9 S. & R. 
 
 212; 2 W. 478; 6 W. 464; 2 Barr 122; 7 Barr 
 
 158; 3 H. 429; 10 H. 225; 12 H. 28; 1 S. 265, 
 
 279; 4 S. 455. 
 Not permitted, to enforce payment of purchase-money, 4 
 
 S. &R. 266; 7 S. 468. 
 Against husband and wife for wife's real estate, 11 S. 
 
 382. 
 Bill for, 1 S. & R. 160; 2 Barr 13; 4 Barr 52, 166; 2 
 
 J. 503; 2 H. 235; 3 H. 429, 440; 9 C. 276; 10 
 
 Wr. 9. 
 Notice of, 2 H. 231. 
 
 Right of wife to oppose decree, 7 W. 107. 
 Report of master on, when necessary, 8 S. 211. 
 Court may direct survey of property for information, 8 
 
 S. 211. 
 As to issue in, 5 C. 272. 
 Remedy when valid title cannot be given, 7 W. 229 ; 3 
 
 Barr 34; 11 C. 381. 
 Basis of decree for,- 1 W. 401. 408; 8 W. 374; 6 W. & 
 
 S. 329; 9 W. & S. 83; 2 Barr 122; 2 H. 231; 9 
 47 
 
738 SPECIFIC PEEFOKMANCE. 
 
 SPECIFIC PERFORMANCE— eowfrnwec?. 
 
 H. 50; 1 C. 405; 10 Wr. 334; 13 S. 420; 19 S. 
 474. 
 When decree for, -will and will not be made, 14 S. & R. 
 267; 3 P. & W. 332; 3 W. 367; 7 W. 229; 1 W. & 
 S. 554; 4 W. & S. 27; 5 W. & S. 311, 427, 478, 
 485; 6 W. & S. 329, 331; 9 W. & S. 83; 1 Wh. 
 374, 375; 2 Barr 34, 122; 4 Barr 52, 132, 353; 1 
 J. 503; 1 H. 84, 283, 285, 288; 2 H. 114, 231; 3 
 H. 429, 436; 5 H. 198; 2 C. 51, 227, 375; 5 C. 
 247; 9 C. 276; 11 C. 381; 3Wr. 443; 10 Wr. 334, 
 537; 12 Wr. 361; 13Wr. 88; IGr. 83; 2 Gr. 103; 
 1 S. 279; 4 S. 455; 5 S. 383; 7 S. 65, 158, 469; 
 13 S. 420; 16 S. 187, 277. 
 As to time for execution of, 9 W. 49; 2 J. 97 ; 9 H. 50 ; 
 
 1 C. 405. 
 
 Effect of decree, 1 C. 466. 
 Rescission of decree for, 3 Wr. 443. 
 Enforcement of decree, 4 Barr 52 ; 1 H. 84 ; 2 H. 231 ; 
 5 H. 198 ; 1 C. 405 ; 3 Wr. 443. 
 
 2. By action of assumpsit, debt or covenant, 5 S. & R. 
 
 323; 8 S. & R. 418 ; 11 S. & R. 244, 245 ; 7 W. 323 ; 
 3 W. & S. 92 ; 5 W. & S. 106 ; 5 C. 254 ; 11 S. 112. 
 
 3. By action op ejectment. 
 
 Against vendor, 1 Y. 253 ; 3 Y. 317, 324 ; 4 B. 77 ; 1 
 S. & R. 80 ; 4 S. & R. 298 ; 8 S. & R. 485 ; 2 W. 
 148; 4 W. 287; 7 W. 107, 112; 3 W. & S. 429; 
 4 W. & S. 27, 228 ; 6 W. & S. 257 ; 3 Barr 161 ; 
 
 2 H. 143; 7 H. 381; 1 C. 405; 9 Wr. 9; 13 Wr. 
 88 ; 1 Gr. 253 ; 1 S. 265 ; 14 S. 433. 
 
 Against vendee, 1 Y. 12 ; 3 Y. 177 ; 9 S. & R. 87 ; 3 W. 
 
 163 ; 9 W. 49 ; 2 W. & S. 88 ; 4 Barr 256 ; 7 Barr 
 
 157; 8 H. 180; 5 Wr. 364 ; 10 Wr. 96, 471 ; 9 S. 
 
 433; 12 S. 129. 
 Governed by rules of equity, 13 Wr. 88; 13 S. 420. 
 Limitation to action, 2 S. 492 ; 3 S. 164. 
 Acts of Assembly relative to, discussed, 5 Wr. 364; 8 
 
 Wr. 473 ; 2 S. 492 ; 3 S. 164 ; 6 S. 176. 
 When there has been an exchange of lands, 6 W. 372. 
 Prerequisite to action, 4 S. & R. 295 ; 2 Barr 245. See 
 
 ante, II. 1. 
 Service and notice of writ, 6 S. 176. 
 Declaration in, 11 S. & R. 238 ; 4 W. 287 ; 7 W. 318, 323. 
 Issue in, 4 Barr 52. 
 General rule as to trial of, 1 Wr. 82. 
 Evidence in, 1 Y. 12 ; 2 Y. 244, 324; 3 Y. 173, 177; 
 
 4B. 77; 15S. &R. 80; 2 W. 148,401; 3W.163; 
 
SPECIFIC PERFOKMANCB— STAMPS. 739 
 
 SPECIFIC TERFORMA^GE— continued. 
 
 6 W. 392, 464, 510; 7 W. 323; 8 W. 374; 9 W. 
 49; 10 W. 96; 1 W. & S. 533; 4 W. & S. 228; 7 
 H. 471 ; 8 H. 180, 181 ; 12 H. 28 ; 1 Gr. 253, 254. 
 Duty of court as to facts, 5 H. 193 ; 12 H. 28 ; 13 S. 420. 
 What will defeat action for, 7 S. & R. 43 ; 3 W. 368 ; 1 
 W. & S. 533 ; 5 W. & S. 478 ; 8 W. & S. 374 ; 5 
 H. 379 ; 1 C. 405 ; 2 C. 5; 1 Gr. 254 ; 1 S. 265. 
 Damages in, 4 Barr 257. 
 Verdict in. 
 
 Must relate to land in dispute, 1 C. 399. 
 
 May be conditional. See Verdict. 
 
 May be absolute, 7 H. 380. 
 
 Power of court over, 12 S. 129. 
 
 Where one is sufficient, 9 W. 496; 5 Wr. 352, 364 ; 10 
 
 Wr. 9. 
 Judgment in, 3 C. 285; 5 Wr. 364; 9 S. 433. 
 Sale of land under, 9 S. 433. 
 
 SPIRITUOUS LIQUORS. 
 
 Sale of under United States license. 
 
 Jurisdiction of state courts in case of, 11 S. & R. 193. 
 
 SPRINGETTSBURY MANOR. 
 
 Title to, 4 D. 402 ; 6 S. & R. 81. 
 
 SPRING GARDEN STREET. 
 
 Extension of, 4 R. 192. 
 
 SPRINGS, SUBTERRANEAN. 
 
 Remedy for injury to, 1 C. 528; 5 C. 59; 9 Wr. 514. 
 
 SQUARE. 
 
 Rights and liabilities of lot-owners at inner angle of, 1 J. 181. 
 
 STABLE KEEPER. 
 Lien of, 2 S. 122. 
 
 STAGE COACH. 
 
 1. Owners of, are common carriers, 5 R. 179. 
 
 2. Liability of, for lost baggage, 2 D. 275 ; 5 R. 179 ; 
 
 2 W. & S. 230; 3 Barr 451; 4 H. 68; 9 Wr. 208. See 
 Baggage. 
 
 STAKEHOLDER. 
 
 Liability of, 1 S. & R. 36; 16 S. & R. 147 ; 3 P. & W. 468, 
 494 ; 3 W. & S. 405 ; 6 W. & S. 243 ; 6 H. 329. 
 
 STAMPS, U. S. REVENUE. 
 I. Power of Congress to require use of, on process of 
 STATE courts, 16 S. 89. 
 
740 STAMPS— STATE NAVY. 
 
 ST AMVS— continued. 
 II. What instruments to be stamped. 
 
 1. Bonds, 3 S. 176. 
 
 2. Deeds, 6 S. 424. 
 
 3. Letter containing order, 7 S. 98. 
 
 4. Wills, 10 Wr. 502. 
 
 6. Register's precepts, 13 Wr. 79. 
 
 6. When to be affixed, 12 Wr. 463; 6 S. 424. 
 
 7. Who liable for, 12 Wr. 463; 3 S. 176. 
 
 8. Effect of omission to affix, 3 S. 176; 6 S. 424; 8 
 
 S. 68. 
 
 9. Who may object for omission, 8 S. 69. 
 
 STARE DECISIS. 
 Application of maxim. 1 D. 178, 258 ; 2 P. & W. 170; 9 H. 
 423; 11 H. 471. 
 
 STATE CANALS. 
 
 Action for lands covered by, 8 Wr. 418. 
 
 Right of purchaser of, 13 Wr. 424. See Canals. 
 
 STATED MEETINGS. 
 
 Of school directors, 6 Wr. 83. 
 
 STATEMENT. 
 •I. In lieu of declaration under Act of 1806. 
 
 1. Form of, 2 S. & R. 537; 3 S. & R. 402; 6 S. & R. 
 
 25; 8 S. & R. 265, 316, 667; 14 S. & R. 195; 3 P. 
 & W. 391; 9 W. 433; 10 W. 130. 
 
 2. Amendment of, 12 C. 538. 
 
 3. When admissible, 6 S. & R. 25, 53; 12 S. & R. 74, 
 
 96; 17 S. & R. 424; 2 P. & W. 63, 304 ; 5 W. 225, 
 541 ; 6 W. 123, 325 ; 8 Barr 468. 
 
 4. When improper, 5 S. & R. 544 ; 5 R. 124 ; 9 W. 516. 
 
 5. When to be filed, 13 S. & R. 290. 
 
 6. Objection to, when to be made, 17 S. & R. 424. 
 
 7. Entry of judgment on, 10 S. & R. 97. 
 
 II. Of loss to insurance company. See Insurance. 
 
 When evidence, 5 Wr. 161; 6 Wr. 188; 7 Wr. 350 ; 8 
 Wr. 259, 269 ; 14 Wr. 289. 
 
 STATE NAVY. 
 
 1, Liability of, 1 Y. 262. 
 
 2. Clothing of officers of, 2 D. 206. 
 
STATES OF THE UNION— STATE TREASURER. 741 
 STATES OF THE UNION. 
 
 1. How FAR FOREIGN TO BACH OTHER, 8 Wr. 326; 20 S. 347. 
 
 2.. sovereisnty of, 2 d. 419. 
 
 3. Rights and powers of. 
 
 To legislate, 1 D. 99; 3D. 4, 308, 318, 386 ; 4 D. 406; 
 
 3 S. &R. 169; 15 S. 399. 
 Under articles of confederation, 1 D. 99. 
 Jurisdiction of over consuls, 1 B. 138. 
 Action against, 1 D. 357; 2 D. 419, 480; 3 D. 335, 
 
 339, 342. 
 Service of process on, 1 D. 77 ; 2 D. 419, 452 ; 3 D. 
 
 329, 406. 
 To be heard in United States Courts, 2 D. 402, 407, 419, 
 
 480; 3D. 476; 4 D. 412. 
 Appearance of, how enforced, 2 D. 315, 480. 
 To confiscate property, 3 D. 199, 221, 242. 
 Judgment by default against, 2 D. 415, 480. 
 To naturalize foreigners, 2 D. 296. 
 
 4. Decisions of courts of. 
 
 Effect in other states, 1 D. 191. 
 Enforcement of, 3 0. 479, 525. 
 
 5. Laws of. 
 
 Recognised in United States Courts, 3 C. 479. 
 
 6. Authentication of records of, 2 Y. 532; 12 S. & R. 
 
 208; 3 C. 479. 
 
 7. Admissibility of records of in evidence, 2 Y. 532 ; 12 
 
 S. &R. 208; 3 C. 479, 525. 
 
 8. Paper money of, 1 D. 191. 
 
 9. Seal op, 4 D. 416. 
 
 STATE ROADS. 
 
 1. Power of Quarter Sessions over, 2 Wh. 392 ; 2 P. & 
 
 W. 289; 2 S. 161; 16 S. 461. 
 
 2. Draft of, where to be filed, 1 S. & R. 487. 
 
 3. OpexVING of, 1 S. & R. 487. 
 
 STATE TAXES. 
 
 1. Lien of, 3 Wr. 103. 
 
 2. Liability of corporation for, 3 Wr. 251. 
 
 3. Liability of treasurer's surety for, 12 Wr. 66. See 
 
 Taxation. 
 
 STATE TREASURER. 
 1. Accounts of. See Accounts, Public. 
 
742 STATE TREASURER— STEAM-ENGINES. 
 
 STATE TB.EAS\]RER— continued. 
 
 2. Correction of books of, 4 C. 501. 
 
 3. Sureties of, 4 D. 282. 
 
 4. Salary of, 5 W. & S. 403. 
 
 5. Judgment in name of, 1 W. 54. 
 
 Enures to benefit of CommonTvealth, 3 Barr 151. 
 
 6. Expense of removing convicts paid by, 7 W. & S. 438. 
 
 STATUTES. See Acts of Assembly. 
 
 STATUTORY BONDS, 2 B. 159; 12 S. & R. 314; 13 S. & 
 R. 190; 14 S. &R. 380; 16 S. & R. 50; 5 W. 472; 5 
 Barr 250, 346 ; 1 S. 412. 
 
 STATUTORY NOTICE. 
 
 What is equivalent to, 5 Wr. 68. 
 
 STATUTORY OFFENCES. ^ 
 
 Indictment for, 3 Y. 413, 450 ; 2 B. 3J2. 
 
 STATUTORY REMEDIES, 2 J. 361 ; 15 S. 65, 74. See 
 
 Statutory Actions. 
 
 STAVES. 
 
 Act relative to export of, construed, 11 S. & R. 90. 
 
 STAY LAW. 
 
 Constitutionality of, 4 Wr. 324 ; 5 Wr. 441. 
 
 " STAY OF EXECUTION UNTIL DAY OF PAYMENT." 
 
 Meaning of, 3 Gr. 243. 
 
 STAY OF PROCEEDINGS. See Bail ; Costs. 
 
 STEAM-BOATS. 
 
 1. Duty of officers. 
 
 As to avoiding collision, 7 H. 344. 
 As to passing each other, 7 H. 345. 
 
 2. Joint owners of, are tenants in common, 1 Barr 366. 
 
 3. Liability of owner. 
 
 For supplies, 7 H. 339, 340. 
 
 For loss, 6 H. 40. 
 
 As carriers, 6 H. 40. 
 
 Vesting of title to, under contract to build, 1 Gr. 26. 
 
 STEAM-ENGINES. 
 
 1. Subject to Mechanics' Lien Law, 3 W. 140. 
 
 2. When real property, 3 W. 140 ; 7 W. 106 ; 7 H. 71. 
 
 3. Action for injury resulting from, 9 W. & S. 32. 
 
STEAM-SHIP LINE— STOCK. 743 
 
 STEAM-SHIP LINE. 
 
 Power of Philadelphia Councils to invest public money in, 11 
 Wr. 189. 
 
 STEP-FATHER. 
 
 1. Liability of to step-daughter for wages, 2 H. 201. 
 
 2. Right to recover for maintenance op step-children, 
 
 11 S. 251. 
 
 STIPULATED DAMAGES. 
 
 1. What are, 4 D. 149 ; 16 S. & R. 320 ; 4 Barr 470; 2 J. 
 
 97; 5 Wr. 206; 12 Wr. 250; 1 S. 175; 4 S. 329. 
 
 2. Effect of contract for, 2 J. 97 ; IS. 175; 4 S. 329. 
 
 STIRPES. 
 
 Descent per, 5 Barr 264 ; 4 C. 487 ; 2 Wr. 430 ; 4 Wr. Ill, 
 115, 117, 387; 2 Gr. 210; 2 S. 269; 10 S. 381, 383. 
 
 STOCK. 
 
 I. Subscription for. See Subscription. 
 
 II. Call for instalments on, 2 Wr. 81; 10 S. 124. 
 
 III. Action to recover, 17 S. & R. 285; 13 Wr. 114; 14 
 Wr. 67 ; 19 S. 403. 
 
 IV. Forfeiture of, 1 B. 70; 10 S. 124. 
 
 V. Abandonment of, 7 H. 351. 
 
 VL Bequest of, 1 Wh. 361; 4 C. 368; 14 S. 256. 
 
 VII. Increased stock, nature of, 14 S. 256. 
 
 VIII. Preferred stock, act authorizing, construed, 4 S. 
 270. 
 
 IX. PORCHASE OF BY CORPORATION, 1 S. 74. 
 
 X. Untaken. 
 
 Ownership of, 7 C. 78; 4 S. 271; 10 S. 124. 
 
 Right of original stockholders to, 5 C. 537 ; 7 C. 78 ; 4 
 
 S. 271, 276. 
 Distribution of, 7 C. 78; 4 S. 271. 
 XL Taxation of. 
 
 For borough purposes, 19 S. 151 ; 4 C. 249. 
 For county purposes, 11 Wr. 106; 14 Wr. 399, 410. 
 See Taxation. 
 
 XII. Transfer of. 
 1. By owner. 
 
 On time, 20 S. 325. 
 
 As collateral security, 5 Barr 56, 57, 59; 2 Wr. 88; 7 
 
 S. 474 ; 19 S. 403. 
 With guarranty, 6 C. 210. 
 Subject to instalments, 6 Barr 421. 
 
744 STOCK— STOCK CONTEACT. 
 
 STOCK — continued. 
 
 As payment, 7 S. 321. . See post 5. 
 Enforcement of contract for in law, 5 S. 397. 
 Enforcement of contract in equity, 1 P. & W. 570; 6 H. 
 
 157. 
 Proof of, 2 Wr. 81. 
 When title passes, 9 S. 398. 
 
 Validity of blank letter of attorney for, 14 Wr. 67. 
 Proper execution of power to transfer, 1 J. 120 ; 14 Wr. 
 
 67; 2S. 232. 
 Duty of agent for, 2 S. 232. 
 Effect of credit on illegal transfer, 2 Wr. 81. 
 Power of corporation to prevent, 8 S. & R. 73 ; 12 S. 
 
 & R. 77 ; 15 S. & R. 140 ; 17 S. & R. 285 ; 4 R. 
 
 384 ; 5 Barr 345 ; 6 Barr 51 ; 6 H, 155 ; 5 C. 
 
 146; 11 0. 463; 2 Wr. 136; 3 Wr. 489; 4 Wr. 
 
 278; 6 Wr. 500; 10 Wr. 88; 14 Wr. 67; 2 S. 
 
 237, 280 ; 13 S. 317. 
 Action for refusing to permit transfer on books, 6 H. 155 ; 
 
 5 C. 146; 11 C. 463 ; 6 Wr. 500 ; 14 Wr. 67 ; 2 S. 
 
 237, 280; 13 S. 317. 
 Rescission of contract for, 19 S. 249. 
 Rights of transferee, 1 Wh. 460 ; 6 Barr 421 . 
 Liability of transferee, 1 B. 70 ; 6 Barr 421 ; 5 C. 126 ; 
 
 10 C. 288; 4S. 227; 13 S. 317. 
 
 2. By corporation for omission to meet calls, 2 S. 280 ; 
 
 4S. 227; 10 S. 124; 13 S. 317. 
 
 3. Under execution, 17 S. & R. 285 ; 4 H. 299. 
 
 4. Under writ op attachment. See Attachment. 
 
 5. Damages for omission to deliver or replace bor- 
 
 rowed STOCK, 2 C. 143; 7 C. 131, 132; 13 Wr. 114; 
 3S. 310; 7 S. 247; 19 S. 403. 
 
 STOCK AND MATERIALS. 
 In contract, construed, 5 Wr. 80. 
 
 STOCK BROKER. 
 Right of. 
 
 To action for money advanced in purchase of stock, 14 S. 
 361. See Broker. 
 
 STOCK CONTRACT. 
 
 1. Legality of, 2 Y. 18. 
 
 2. Custom op brokers as to, 2 Y. 487. 
 
 3. Action on, 2 D. 301; 3 D. 505; 4 D. 169; 2 Y. 487; 17 
 
 S. & R. 291 ; 13 Wr. 114. See Stock 5. 
 
STOCKHOLDEK— STOPPAGE IN TKANSITU. 745 
 
 STOCKHOLDER. 
 
 I. Peesumbd to know terms of subscription, 10 S. 124. 
 
 II. Rights of. 
 
 1. To transfer stock while indebted to corporation, 
 
 8 S. & R. 73; 12 S. & R. 77 ; 15 S. & R. 140 ; 17 S. 
 & R. 285; 4R. 384; 5 Barr 345; 6 Barr 51; 5 H. 
 155; 5 C. 146; 11 C. 463; 2 Wr. 136; 3 Wr. 489; 4 
 Wr. 278; 6 Wr. 500; 10 Wr. 88; 14 Wr. 67 ; 2 S. 
 237, 280; 13 S. 317. 
 
 2. To subscribe for additional untaken stock, 5 C. 
 
 537 ; 7 C. 78 ; 4 S. 271, 276. 
 
 3. To object to transfer of corporate property to an- 
 
 other corporation, 6 0. 42. 
 
 4. To object to exchange of stock, 6 C. 42. 
 
 5. To testify, 14 S. & R. 51; 2 W. & S. 190; 9 H. 466; 
 
 1 C. 288. 
 
 6. After parting with stock, 1 Wh. 460 ; 6 Barr 421. 
 
 7. On dissolution of corporation, 4 Wr. 432 ; 8 Wr. 535. 
 
 8. To contribution under manufacturing law, 11 Wr. 
 
 43. 
 
 III. Liability of. 
 
 1. For value of shares of, 5 C. 539. 
 
 2. To ATTACHMENT, 3 B. 394. See Attachment. 
 
 3. To claim of bank on, to cover indebtedness. See 
 
 Bank Stock, I. 
 
 4. For acts done by corporation with his assent, 3 C. 
 
 413. 
 
 5. To plea of Statute of Limitations as to dividends, 
 
 4 C. 330. 
 
 6. Foe assessments while owner of stock, 4 S. 227. 
 
 7. For assessments after transfer of stock, 6 Barr 421. 
 
 IV. Liability op vendee of, 1 B. 70; 6 Barr 421; 5 0. 
 146; 10 C. 288; 4 S. 227; 13 S. 317. 
 
 STOLEN CHATTELS. 
 Effect of sale of, 7 Wr. 507. 
 
 STONE. 
 
 Trespass for taking, 2 Wr. 280. 
 
 STOPPAGE IN TRANSITU. 
 
 1. When admissible, 2 D. 182 ; 1 Y. 177 ; 1 R. 9 ; 5 Wh. 
 189 ; 7 Barr 301 ; 2 H. 48 ; 11 0. 254 ; 2 Wr. 396 ; 9 
 Wr. 151 ; 5 S. 360. 
 
746 STOPPAGE IN TRANSITU— STREET. 
 
 STOPPAGE IN TRA'NSITU— continued. 
 
 2. When transit is ended, 1 R. 9 ; 6 0. 254. 
 
 3. Proper exercise of right, 5 Wh. 189. 
 
 4. Authority necessary for, 5 Wh. 189. 
 6. Duty of consignor on, 2 H. 48. 
 
 6. Is not a rescission of contract, 9 Wr. 151. 
 
 7. Effect of attachment while goods are in transitu, 2 
 
 H. 48 ; 2 C. 340. 
 
 8. Remedy against sheriff for selling when right ex- 
 
 ists, 2 Gr. 309. 
 
 STORE. 
 
 Sale and delivery of when valid, 6 Wh. 58 ; 12 H. 9. 
 
 STOREHOUSE. . 
 
 Meaning of in insurance policy, 7 S. 74. 
 
 Liability of builder of for negligence, 8 H. 387 ; 2 C. 111. 
 
 STRAW. 
 
 1. Right of landlord to, 1 W. & S. 509; 2 W. & S. 22; 5 
 
 W. & S. 157; 5 Barr 211; 5 H. 262. 
 
 2. Right of tenant to, 1 W. & S. 509; 2 W. & S. 22; 5 
 
 Barr 211. 
 
 STREAM. 
 
 Bounds, at low water mark, 5 W. 458. 
 
 STREET. 
 
 Definition of, 8 Barr 89 ; 4 H. 79. 
 
 I. Acquisition of, 
 
 1. By user, 7 W. 450. 
 
 2. By dedication to public use, 7 W. 450 ; 5 W. & S. 
 
 141 ; 1 J. 444, 449 ; 4 H. 79 ; 7 H. 64 ; 12 C. 62 ; 5 
 Wr. 63, 68 ; 6 S. 421. 
 
 3. By Act of municipal corporation. See Municipal 
 
 Corporation ; Philadelphia. 
 
 II. Rights of landowner. 
 
 1. Over soil covered by, 5 Wh. 18, 25 ; 12 0. 99. 
 
 2. To vacate, 7 H. 64. 
 
 3. When named as a boundary in deed, 12 H. 207 ; 2 
 
 0. 223; 3 C. 183; 9 C. 124; 12 C. 99; 19 S. 342. 
 
 4. Effect of conveyance bounded on unopened, 10 Barr 
 
 135; 2 0. 223; 12 Wr. 253; 14 Wr. 499; 6 S. 437; 
 13 S. 20, 57, 90, 125. 
 
STREET. 747 
 
 STREET— continued. 
 
 III. Liability of land owner. 
 
 1. For paving, 2 Barr 318 ; 9 S. 455 ; 19 S. 353. See 
 
 Paving. 
 
 2. Cost of culvert. See Culvert ; Sewers. 
 
 3. For condition op, 3 C. 183. 
 
 IV. Proceedings to lay out and open. 
 
 1. Power of court over, 14 S. & R. 447; 3 R. 195; 8 
 
 W. 27. 172 ; 5 W. & S. 200 ; 4 Barr 303 ; 8 Barr 
 89;4 Wr. 284; 11 Wr. 314. 
 
 2. Power of viewers. 
 
 As to change of line of, 2 Wr. 459 ; 14 Wr. 499. 
 
 As to damages, 1 Barr 93; 5 H. 524; 7 H. 329; 2 Wr. 
 
 247, 459; 4 Wr. 300; 5 Wr. 463; 12 Wr. 487. 
 As to location and width, 5 Wh. 334 ; 8 Barr 485. 
 Form of report of, 4 Wh. 514. 
 As to damages, 1 W. & S. 846 ; 1 Barr 93 ; 5 ,H. 524 ; 
 
 7 H. 329; 11 C. 231; 2 Wr. 247, 459; 4 Wr. 300; 
 
 5 Wr. 463; 12 Wr. 487; 3 S- 280; 4 S. 353; 8 S. 
 
 408; 16 S. 132; 18 S. 82; 20 S. 332. 
 
 3. Effect of municipal charter on order to open, 2 
 
 Wr. 459. 
 
 4. Mandamus to compel opening, 1 J. 196. 
 
 5. Notice of existence; op right to open, 7 C. 37. 
 
 6. Injunction to prevent opening, 2 C. 46. 
 
 7. Repeal of statute authorizing, 7 H. 329. 
 
 8. Waiver of error in proceedings to open, 9 Wr. 405. 
 
 9. Remedy for injury to private property in grading, 
 
 9 W. 382; 4 W. & S. 516; 10 Barr 93; 6 H. 189; 2 
 C. 46; 5 C. 371. 
 10. When opening is a breach of covenant for quiet 
 enjoyment, 4 Wh. 86; 2 J. 75 ; 20 S. 83. 
 
 V. Power op legislature to vacate, 12 H. 207. 
 
 VI. When a public highway, 4 Y. 134; 4 S. & R. 106. 
 
 VII. Remedy for disturbance op, 16 S. & R. 390, 397 ; 2 
 
 W. 23; 1 H. 64. 
 
 VIII. Remedy for obstruction of, 1 S. & R. 217 ; 16 S. & 
 R. 390; 6 Wh. 25; 3 0. 354; 12 C. 99; 12 Wr. 53, 
 320. 
 
 IX. Liability op corporation for not repairing, 10 H. 
 
 384; 10 C. 293. 
 
748 STKICT MEASURE— SUBROGATION. 
 
 STRICT MEASURE. 
 
 Application of, to devise of land, 1 S. & R. 161. 
 
 STRIKING OUT TESTIMONY. 
 
 When not subject of exception, 8 Wr. 92. See Error. 
 
 STRUCK JURY. 
 
 1. Waiver op' rule for, 6 S. & R. 107. 
 
 2. Cost of, 2 Y. 128; 3 Y. 199. 
 
 SUB-AGENT. 
 
 Powers and duties of, 2 P. & W. 525. 
 
 SUB-CARRIERS. See Carriers. 
 
 SUB-CONTRACTOR. 
 
 Right of, to contest assignment by corporations, 8 Wr. 92. 
 
 SUBMISSION TO ARBITRATION. See Arbitration. 
 
 SUBPCENA. 
 
 I. In equity. 
 
 Service of, 3 D. 321, 335, 337 ; 4 D. 6 ; 14 S. 387 ; 20 
 S. 311. 
 
 II. In divorce. See Divorce. 
 
 III. For witnesses. 
 
 1. Form of, 2 D. 392. 
 
 2. Service of. 
 
 Equivalent to an arrest, 4 Y. 348. 
 Out of proper county, 2 D. 101. 
 When unnecessary, 1 D. 276 ; 2 D. 183. 
 No privilege against, 4 D. 341 ; 4 Y. 347. 
 What is reasonable notice, 2 D. 333, 335. 
 
 3. Ability to obey, who to jodge of, 8 S. & R. 381. 
 
 SUBROGATION. 
 
 1. General rules as to, 6 W. 221 ; 7 W. & S. 103 ; 8 W. 
 
 & S. 331; 2 H. 220; 4H. 445; 11 H. 294; IJ. 331; 8 
 C. 103 ; 11 C. Ill ; 3 Wr. 528 : 7 Wr. 518 ; 13 Wr. 23 ; 
 
 2 S. 522, 524 ; 6 S. 76 ; 9 S. 401, 405 ; 16 S. 187 ; 19 
 S. 272. 
 
 2. Basis of right to, 2 P. & W. 296 ; 3 P. & W. 200 ; 2 W. 
 
 206 ; 5 W. 229 ; 6 W. 221, 225 ; 8 W. 384 ; 10 W. 148 ; 
 
 3 W. &. S. 401, 404 ; 7 W. & S. 99, 305 ; 8 W. & S. 
 331 ; 3 Barr 300 ; 8 Barr 349 ; 1 J. 42, 331 ; 2 H. 220 ; 
 
 4 H. 445, 448 ; 8 H. 41 ; 11 H. 294 ; 8 C. 103 ; 3 Wr. 
 528 ; 7 Wr. 518 ; 13 Wr. 28 ; 6 S. 76. 
 
SUBEOGATION— SUBSCRIBING WITNESS. 749 
 
 SVBROGATlOl^— continued. 
 
 3. Waivek of right, 3 B. 300. 
 
 4. Who entitled to. 
 
 Co-sureties, 9 W. 481 ; 2 W. & S. 210 ; 3 W. &. S. 401 ; 
 6 W. & S. 190 ; 9 W. & S. 78 ; 7 Wr. 618 ; 19 S. 272. 
 
 Lien creditors, 1 R. 304 ; 2 R. 131 ; 1 P. & W. 395 ; 2 
 P. & W. 173, 296, 361 ; 2 W. 205, 206, 228 ; 3 W. 
 437 ; 5 W. 229 ; 6 W. 221 ; 9 W. 629 ; 10 W. 148, 
 303 ; 5 Wh. 407 ; 1 W. & S. 155, 420; 5 W. & S; 
 352 ; 7 W. & S. 224 ; 8 W. & S. 327 ; 9 W. & S. 36, 
 43, 73, 327 ; 1 Barr 512 ; 3 Barr 300 ; 5 Barr 103 ; 
 8 Barr 347 ; 9 Barr 61 ; 2 H. 219. 221, 269 ; 4 H. 
 445 ; 6 C. 56; 8 C. 103 : 2 Wr. 5i2 ; 6 S. 76. 
 
 Lien creditors of surety, 8 Barr 347 ; 9 Barr 498 ; 10 
 Barr 519 ; 19 S. 485. 
 
 Execution creditors, 5 Wr. 624. 
 
 Joint debtors and creditors, 4 C. 524. 
 
 Partners, 8 H. 41 ; 3 Wr. 397. 
 
 Partnership creditors, 5 W. 229 ; 8 Barr 349. See Part- 
 nership Property. 
 
 Sheriff's vendee, 8 H. 284 ; 15 S. 278. 
 
 Sureties, 7 S. & R. 9 ; 2 R. 128, 131 ; 1 P. & W. 395 ; 
 2 P & W. 173, 297 ; 3 P. & W. 200 ; 2 W. 136, 414 ; 
 5 W. 101 ; 6 W. 221 ; 8 W. 39, 384 ; 9 W. 451 ; 10 
 W. 152 ; 2 Wh. 344 ; 1 W. & S. 155 ; 3 W. & S. 
 403, 404; 4 W. & S. 426 ; 5 W. & S. 352; 6 W. & 
 S. 190; 7 W. & S. 305; 9 W. &S.43, 327; 7 Barr 
 333 ; 9 Barr 332, 341, 498 ; 10 Barr 519 ; 1 J. 531 ; 
 4 H. 137 ; 8 H. 41 ; 11 C. Ill ; 12 C. 442 ; 13 Wr. 
 23; 19 S. 272. 
 
 Joint endorsers, 4 Wr. 278. 
 
 Administrators, 2 R. 250 ; 5 W. & S. 397 ; 5 Barr 103. 
 
 Guardians, 5 C. 47. 
 
 Vendors and vendee, 2 W. 205 ; 6 Barr 604 ; 9 Barr 341 ; 
 1 J. 331, 332 ; 11 H. 294. 
 
 Insurers, 19 S. 496. 
 
 Endorsers, 1 P. & W. 395 ; 9 W. 451 ; 6 Barr 51, 57; 4 
 Wr. 278 ; 10 Wr. 88. 
 
 Heirs of co-tenants, 6 S. 119. 
 
 5. Effect of decree for on priority of claims, 12 Wr. 
 
 223. 
 
 6. Appeal from decree, 1 P. & W. 397; 7 Wr. 518; 8 
 
 Wr. 266. 
 
 SUBSCRIBING WITNESS. 
 1. Attestation by, 2 D. 214; 6 B. 116; 3 R. 317. 
 
750 SUBSCKIBING- WITNESS— SUBSCRIPTIOxV. 
 
 SUBSCEIBING WI11>iESS— continued. 
 
 2. Production of, 1 D. 123, 209; 1 Y. 220; 6 B. 16; IS. 
 
 & R. 72 ; 2 S. & R. 420 ; 2 R. 312 ; 1 H. 90. 
 
 3. Execution proved by, 1 D. 123; 1 Y. 220; 4 Y. 345; 1 
 
 B. 436 ; 3 B. 192; 6 B. 16 ; 3 R. 312 ; 9 Barr 441; 5 
 H. 227 ; 7 S. 397. 
 
 4. Testimony when confined to execution and delivery, 
 
 2 D. 214; 2 H. 149; 4 Wr. 474; 13 Wr. 155. 
 
 5. Contradiction op signature by, 5 H. 231. 
 
 6. Failure of memory, 3 R. 312. 
 
 7. Proof of handwriting of, 4 Y. 345; 3 B. 192 ; 6 B. 45 ; 
 
 2 S. & R. 44, 399, 478 ; 9 Barr 441. 
 
 8. Deposition of, 1 S. & R. 294 ; 2 S. & R. 478. 
 
 SUBSCRIPTION. 
 I. For stock. 
 
 1. Power of commissioners selected to receive. See 
 
 Commissioners, I. 
 
 2. Conditional, 1 P. & W. 426; 2 P. & W. 466; 9 W. 
 
 460; 1 Wh. 429; 2 W. & S. 161; 6 W. & S. 76 ; 1 
 C. 126; 2 C. 70; 3 0. 261; 4 C. 318; 10 C. 358, 
 455; 1 AVr. 413; 4 Wr. 237; 5 Wr. 55; 12 Wr. 27; 
 19 S. 334. 
 
 3. Unconditional, 2 P. & W. 466 ; 10 C. 358, 455 ; 5 Wr. 
 
 64; 12 Wr. 29; 18 S. 256. 
 
 4. Joint and several, 2 S. & E. 537. 
 
 5. Must be in writing, 8 0. 340. 
 
 6. Proof of, 4 C. 318, 329. 
 
 7. Validity of promise to subscribe, 8 C. 340. 
 
 8. Legal incidents op. 
 
 Is a debt clue the corporation, 3 C. 261 ; 5 0. 151 ; 7 C. 
 
 489. 
 Is a contract with corporation and other subscribers, 10 
 
 W. 364; 9 H. 220; 4 C. 339; 7 C. 317,489; 8 C. 
 
 22, 25; 12 C. 77; 5 Wf. 55 ; 4 S. 227; 13 S. 380. 
 
 9. When title vests under, 11 Wr. 255. 
 
 10. By agent, ratification of, 4 C. 329 ; 8 C. 25. 
 
 11. When void, 1 P. & W. 42(3; 10 W. 364; 8 H. 260; 
 
 2 C. 69 ; 7 C. 489 ; 8 C. 22, 334 ; 13 S. 380 ; 16 S. 357. 
 
 12. Cancellation of, 12 Wr. 29. 
 
 13. Power of corporation to enforce, 3 Wh. 197 ; 9 H. 
 
 220 ; 5 C. 146 ; 7 0. 489 ; 10 C. 358 ; 12 C. 263 ; 4 
 Wr. 237. 
 
SUBSCKIPTION— SUBSEQUENT PUECHASEE. 751 
 
 SUBSCRIPTION— cowfonwecZ. 
 
 14. Defence to action foe, 2 C. 69 ; 4 C. 339 ; 5 C. 146 ; 
 
 7 C. 489 ; 8 C. 334. 
 
 15. Application of Statute of Limitations to, 8 C. 22, 
 
 25 ; 12 C. 77 ; 2 Gr. 259. 
 
 16. Penalty fou non-payment of, 3 P. & W. 149 ; 3 Wh. 
 
 198; 4 Wh. 12 ; 2 W. & S. 162; 3 C. 361; 13 S. 
 381. 
 
 17. Validity of bond given for, 10 C. 131. 
 
 18. Calls for, enforced in equity, 10 S. 124. 
 
 19. Payment of, in land, 3 C. 413 ; 19 S. 131. 
 
 20. Unpaid subscriptions are assets of corporation, 7 
 
 C. 78; 4 S. 271; 10 S. 124. 
 
 21. How affected, by declaration of other subscribers, 
 
 13 S. & R. 281. 
 
 22. How affected, by declaration of agent or commis- 
 
 sioner, 13 S. 385. See Commissioners, II. 
 
 23. How AFFECTED BY DEATH OF SUBSCRIBER, 8 H. 260. 
 
 24. How AFFECTED BY OMISSION TO FORM ASSOCIATION, 8 
 
 H. 260 ; 3 Wr. 435 ; 16 S. 357. 
 
 25. How AFFECTED BY ALTERATION OF CHARTER, 10 W. 364; 
 
 4 C. 339 ; 7 C. 317 ; 3 Wr. 435 ; 5 Wr. 278 ; 12 Wr. 
 
 225. 
 
 26. Action to recover back money paid on account of, 
 
 3 R. 390 ; 3 Barr 416 ; 6 H. 13 ; 3 C. 261 ; 7 C. 489; 
 16 S. 357. 
 EiFect of omission on charter, 8 S. & R. 225 ; 16 S. 
 & R. 146 ; 10 W. 366; 3 Gr. 200. 
 
 II. For erection of church edifice, 2 S. & R. 537 ; 8 R. 
 
 290 ; 3 Barr 416 ; 6 H. 13 ; 8 H. 260 ; 9 C. 114. 
 
 III. For erecting an academy, 1 Wr. 210. 
 
 IV. By municipal corporation, 9 H. 147, 188, 189 ; 3 C. 
 889 ; 12 C. 263 ; 7 Wr. 401. See Municipal Corpora- 
 tion. 
 
 SUBSCRIPTION LIST. 
 
 Passes with sale of newspaper, 2 W. 111. 
 
 SUBSEQUENT PURCHASER. 
 
 1. Parol notice of previous sale, 5 B. 129. See Deed, 
 
 VIIL 9, 10. 
 
 2. Rights of, when first on record, 10 W. 407 ; 4 W. & 
 
 S. 807 ; 5 W. & S. 49. See Deed, VIIL 10. 
 
 3. Record notice to. See Deeds, VII. 6. 
 
752 SUBSTITUTE— SUMMONS. 
 
 SUBSTITUTE. 
 In military service. 
 
 Right of to compensation, 11 "Wr. 492, 518 ; 14 Wr. 150 ; 
 1 S. 9 : 2 S. 432 ; 3 S. 180, 214, 217, 221 ; 4 S. 190 ; 
 5 S. 257, 448, 474; 13 S. 220. See Bounty and 
 Bounty Law. 
 
 SUBSTITUTION. 
 
 1. Of pasties on record. 
 
 When allowed generally, 5 W. 55 ; 7 W. 406 ; 4 Barr 
 420 ; 8 Barr 233 ; 2 J. 301 ; 3 Wr. 528 ; 8 Wr. 457; 
 10 Wr. 88, 415 ; 11 Wr. 115. 
 
 On death of vendee in unexecuted contract for sale of 
 land, 10 C. 376. 
 
 Presumption as to consent to, 5 W. 56. 
 
 Presumption as to regularity of, 13 S. & R. 9. 
 
 Remedy when improper, 2 P. & W. 831. 
 
 2. Of promissory notes, 1 Barr 435. 
 
 3. Of promissory notes for book account, 8 C. 423. 
 
 SUB-TENANT. 
 
 1. Status of, 4 S. & R. 467. 
 
 2. Not within Exemption Law, 11 C. 369. 
 
 3. Liability of for rent, 7 Wr. 435. 
 
 SUBTERRANEAN WATERCOURSE. 
 
 Injury to, 1 C. 528 ; 5 C. 59 ; 9 Wr. 514. 
 
 •'SUCH CLAIMS." 
 
 Meaning of in tax law of 1846, 6 Wr. 192. 
 
 SUITOR. See Privilege. 
 
 SUMMARY CONVICTION. 
 
 1. Warrant in, 11 S. 272. 
 
 2. Waiver of irregularity in, 11 H. 521. 
 
 3. Form of, 11 H. 521; 12 H. 131 ; 10 C. 398 ; 11 S. 272. 
 
 4. Review of in error, 5 B. 24; 11 H. 521; 10 C. 398; 11 
 
 C. 511. 
 
 SUMMARY PROCEEDINGS. 
 
 Under special authority, 1 Y. 49, 300, 
 
 SUMMONS. 
 
 1. Is AN ORIGINAL WRIT, 1 D. 411. 
 
 2. Teste of, 1 D. 442. 
 
 3. Time between teste and return, 4 C. 522. 
 
SUMMONS— SUPERVISOR OF ROAD. 763 
 
 SVM'M.O'NS— continued. 
 
 4. Sbkvice of, 1 D. 302, 405; 3 Y. 258; 1 B. 77; 8 S. & 
 
 R. 325 ; 6 Wh. 66 ; 6 H. 354. 
 On corporation, 8 Wr. 422. 
 Proof of, 2B.436. 
 
 5. Return of. 
 
 Time of making, 4 C. 522. 
 Proof of, 2 B. 436. 
 
 Power of court over defective, 3 Y. 258 ; 6 Wh. 66 ; 4 
 Barr 501. 
 
 SUNBURY AND ERIE RAILROAD COMPANY. 
 Charter of, construed, 7 H. 211. 
 
 SUNDAY. See Sabbath. 
 
 SUPERCARGO. 
 
 I. Rights op. 
 
 1. To compensation for " DISBURSEMENT," 1 R. 126.. 
 
 2. To COMMISSIONS, 3 B. 329. 
 
 3. Contract with, construed, 3 B. 329. 
 
 4. Freight, 4 B. 299. 
 
 II. Power and authority of. 
 
 To bind principal, 6 S. & R. 300; 4 R. 195. 
 
 III. Liability. 
 
 For fraud, 6 S. & R. 300. 
 
 SUPERSEDEAS OF EXECUTION. 
 
 1. By writ of error, 6 B. 460. 
 
 2. By certiorari, 4 D. 214. 
 
 3. By order of justice, 3 W. & S. 447. 
 
 SUPERSTRUCTURE. 
 Of bridge. 
 
 Completion of, construed, 11 H. 291. 
 
 SUPERVISOR OF ROADS. 
 
 I. Duties of, 
 
 As to opening roads, 1 Barr 303 ; 8 Barr 522 ; 9 H. 322 ; 
 11 H. 246 ; 5 C. 15 ; 9 C. 112 ; 10 C. 38 ; 12 Wr. 305. 
 As to condition of roads, 1 Barr 353 ; 7 Barr 275. 
 As to road tax, 2 Wr. 309 ; 7 Wr. 334. 
 
 II. Liability of, 2 B. 275 ; 3 R. 347 ; 3 P. & W. 502 ; 7 
 
 Barr 275; 4 C. 186; 7 Wr. 212; 8 Wr. 197; 18 S. 404. 
 
 III. Rights and powers of. 
 
 1. Before official oath or bond, 5 S. 468. 
 
 48 
 
754 SUPERVISOR OF ROADS— SUPREME COURT. 
 SUPERVISOR OF UO ADS— continued. 
 
 2. To COLLECT COUNTY ORDERS, 1 R. 448. 
 
 3. To COLLECT BALANCE DTJE ON ACCOUNT, 4 W. & S. 215. 
 
 4. To BIND TOWNSHIP, 8 W. 125 ; 2 J. 33 ; 12 H. 449. 
 
 5. To CONSTRUCT ROADS BY CONTRACT, 4 Wr. 332. 
 
 6. To CORRECT ERROR IN OPENING ROADS, 1 Barr 303. 
 
 7. To REMOVE FENCES, 2 C. 187. 
 
 8. To REMOVE DWELLINGS, 11 H. 346. 
 
 9. To CHANGE COURSE OF STREAMS, 10 C. 381. 
 
 10. To SUBSCRIBE FOR STOCK IN TURNPIKE COMPANY, 1 J. 62. 
 
 11. To ALTER LOCATION OF ROAD, 8 Barr 522 ; 9 H. 322 ; 5 
 
 C. 15 ; 9 C. 112 ; 4 Wr. 285 ; 12 Wr. 305. 
 
 12. To SUE OUT MANDAMUS V. RAILROAD COMPANY, 8 W. & 
 
 S. 365. 
 
 13. To LEVY AND COLLECT ROAD TAX, 2 Wr. 309; 7 Wr. 334. 
 
 14. To RECOVER COMPENSATION, 3 C. 109. See Roads. 
 
 IV. Orders of. 
 
 1. Are not bills of exchange, 7 H. 200. 
 
 2. Interest on, 7 H. 200. 
 
 3. Demand for should precede payment, 2 J. 33. 
 
 V. Settlement of accounts of, 4 C. 186. 
 
 SUPPLEMENTARY. 
 
 Affidavit. See Affidavit of Defence. 
 Report. See Arbitration. 
 
 SUPPORT AND MAINTENANCE. 
 Covenant for, construed, 6 H. 48. 
 
 SUPPRESSION OF TESTIMONY. 
 Inference from, 1 Gr. 355. 
 
 SUPREME COURT. 
 
 I. Of the United States. 
 
 1. Appointment of judges op, 2 D. 399, 400. 
 
 2. First meeting of, 2 D. 399. 
 
 3. Seal of, established, 2 D. 399. 
 
 4. Writs of, whence issued, 2 D. 401. 
 Teste of, 2 D. 400. 
 
 5. Rules of, 2 D. 399, 400, 411; 3 D. 120, 356, 
 
 6. Power of, to stay execution of state courts, 8 Wr. 
 
 403. 
 
SUPREME COURT. 755 
 
 SUPREME COURT— continued. 
 
 7. Form of appeal to, 3 D. 370, 371, 382; 4 D. 7, 11. 
 
 8. Costs in, 3 D. 342. 
 II. Of Pennsylvania. 
 
 1. Jurisdiction of, generally, 3 Y. 479; 4 B. 117; 2 S. 
 
 & R. 363; 4 R. 366; 9 W. 416; 10 W. 333; 2 Wh. 
 116; 5 Barr 124; 2 H. 486; 3 H. 313. 
 May take bail in error, 6 S. & R. 573. • 
 
 2. Original jurisdiction. 
 
 When first exercised, 4 B. 117. ' ■ 
 
 As dependent on amount of claim, 1 S. & R. 269; 3 S. 
 
 &R. 459, 461; 2 C. 252. 
 In trespass, 3 S. & R. 461. 
 Restriction as to, 1 D. 291; 6 S. & R. 394. 
 In case of attainder, 1 Y. 332. 
 
 In mandamus, 6 W. & S. 386 ; IJ. 196 ; 9 H. 9 ; 12 0. 262. 
 In corporation mortgages, 5 S. 189. 
 In injunction, 6 Wh. 545; 6 W. & S. 552; 9 C. 82. 
 Over corporations, 5 H. 9; 3 W. & S. 184; 6 W. & S. 
 
 552; 3 0. 141; 8 C. 142; 9 C. 280; 5 H. 9; 7 Wr. 
 
 295; 3Gr. 48, 316. 
 As to bills of discovery, 5 Wh. 466 ; 8 C. 141. 
 Over trustees, 2 Wh. 329 ; 6 Wh. 392. 
 In scire facias quare executio non, 2 Wh. 365. 
 In quo warranto, 4 B. 117. 
 To refer accounts to auditors, 5 W. 84. 
 In enforcing specific performance of contract, 9 C. 278. 
 In criminal cases, 14 Wr. 9 ; 3 Gr. 99. 
 Equitable jurisdiction of, 6 W. & S. 553 ; 5 Wr. 502 ; 8 
 
 Wr. 27, 341 ; 1 Gr. 212. See Equity. 
 
 3. Appellate jurisdiction. 
 
 Extent of, 1 Wr. 237; 5 Wr. 403; 8 Wr. 60; 14 Wr. 
 
 9; 2 S. 117; 7 S. 453. 
 Restricted to error in law, 9 H. 417. 
 Restricted to question decided below, 1 W. & S. 481 ; 7 
 
 H. 439. 
 Restricted to definitive judgments and decrees, 6 Barr 351. 
 Cases, how removed to. See Appeal ; Error. 
 In proceeding for contempt in Common Pleas, 1 Gr. 453. 
 In equity cases heard at nisi prius, 6 C. 278. 
 When jurisdiction of inferior court has been specially 
 
 delegated by statute, 1 Barr 124; 3 H. 313. 
 When inferior court has chancery powers, 10 W. 333. 
 In cases decided in Circuit Court, 3 Y. 122; 3 B. 103; 
 
 17 S. & R. 345. 
 
756 SUPREME COURT. 
 
 SUPREME COURT— continued. 
 
 Investigation of facts in, 2 D. 160 ; 17 S. & R. 343 ; 2 
 
 S. 117. 
 In conviction below on penal statute, 1 Wh. 281; 7 Barr 
 
 371; 9 H. 426 ; 1 C. Ill ; 10 S. 367. 
 In election cases, 2 H. 486 ; 3 H. 313. 
 In incorporation of boroughs, 2 Gr. 208. 
 In cases from Orphans' Court, 5 W. 157; 2 0. 470; 5 
 
 H. 416. 
 In divorce cases, 5 S. & R. 374. 
 
 In assessment of railroad damages, 7 H. 363 ; 8 H. 240. 
 In pauper cases, 8 Wr. 60. 
 On account of comptroller general, 1 D. 360. 
 On distribution of proceeds of forfeited recognisance, 2 
 
 S. &R. 573; 10 C. 165. 
 As to right to hold military office, 2 C. 31. 
 
 4. Powers of. 
 
 To decide on constitutionality of statute, 1 B. 416 ; 12 S. 
 
 & R. 203. 
 Modification of by legislature, 4 B. 117 ; 2 S. & R. 363. 
 To punish for contempt, 1 Y. 2 ; 9 W. 416. 
 To make and construe rules of practice, 3 Y. 199 ; 4 Y. 
 
 361 ; 5 R. 355. 
 To modify judgment of inferior court, 6 W. 511, 513; 2 
 
 W. & S. 60; 6 Barr 348; 10 Barr 169; 1 H. 617; 
 
 6 H. 148 ; 7 H. 434. 
 To remit case to inferior court, 6 S. & R. 208, 385 ; 8 
 
 S. & R. 422 ; 1 Barr 110. 
 To enter judgment on appeals, 1 B. 393; 5 W. 157; 9 
 
 Barr 366 ; 1 J. 195. 
 To enter judgment on verdict, 8 W. 25. 
 To issue execution, 1 D. 410. 
 
 To take acknowledgment of deed for land sold under execu- 
 tion in, 2 Wh. 436. 
 To discharge insolvent, 5 B. 518. 
 To direct a reargument, 5 R. 342. 
 To compel amendment of inferior court, 6 Barr 469. 
 To hear facts on quo warranto, 4 B. 117. 
 To amend sentence of Oyer and Terminer, 1 Wh. 281 ; 7 
 
 Barr 375; 1 C. 111. 
 To amend error of inferior court, 9 S. & R. 277 ; 6 W. 
 
 514 ; 1 W. & S. 365 ; 5 Barr 224. 
 
 5. Judgment in. 
 
 Lien of, 1 D. 291; 2 D. 158, 160, 186, 188; 1 Y. 183; 
 
 IB. 393; 3B. 4; 5 S. & R. 124. 
 Decree of when equivalent to, 1 J. 95. 
 
SUPRP]ME COURT— SURETY. 757 
 
 SUPREME COJJRT— continued. 
 
 6. Record op. 
 
 Admissibility of, in evidence, 7 S. & R. 156. 
 Liability of county for preservation of, 5 C. 417. 
 
 7. Opinion of. See Charge of Court. 
 
 Reading of to jury on second trial, 6 W. & S. 58; 1 H. 
 
 538. 
 Reduced to writing only on reversal and on important 
 
 cases where judgment lien is affected, 19 S. 277. 
 
 8. Judges of. 
 
 Are justices ex officio. 1 Y. 93. 
 
 May hold Oyer and Terminer, 9 C. 80; 14 Wr. 9. 
 
 Duration of commissions of, 5 C. 518. 
 
 SURETY. 
 
 I. Rights of. 
 
 1. When voluntary, 9 Barr 21. 
 
 2. General rule as to, 4 Barr 350. 
 
 3. To COMPEL action against principal, 3 Y. 157 ; 4 Y. 
 
 518 ; 8 S. & R. 110 ; 10 S. & R. 33 ; 13 S. & R. 157 ; 
 15 S. & R. 28; 1 W. 143;4 W. 446; 6 W. & S. 147; 
 
 3 Barr 264 ; 6 H. 460 ; 4 0. 520 ; 18 S. 381. See 
 postea, VIII. 2. 
 
 4. When notice to sue principal is sufficient, 8 S. & 
 
 R. 110 ; 15 S. & R. 28 ; 3 Barr 264, 408 ; 6 H. 460 ; 
 
 4 C. 520 ; 11 Wr. 268. 
 
 5. To repay himself out of money in hand, 8 S. & R. 
 
 457 ; 16 S. & R. 192 ; 3 R. 9, 204 ; 2 P. & W. 203 ; 
 
 5 Wh. 116 ; 8 H. 287. 
 
 6. To assignment of claim on payment, 2 D. 236 ; 2 B. 
 
 382 ; 3 B. 126 ; 7 S. & R. 9, 238 ; 14 S. & R. 125 ; 5 
 R. 106; 1 P. & W. 257; 2 W. 70 ; 5 W. 99; 4 Wh. 
 339 ; 5 Wh. 116 ; 1 W. & S. 155 ; 4 W. & S. 92 ; 5 
 W. & S. 352 ; 4 Barr 118 : 6 Barr 76 ; 2 Gr. 437. 
 
 7. To defend suit against principal, 12 S. 175 ; 14 S. 
 
 242. 
 
 8. To SUE out execution on lien before payment by. 3 
 
 p. & W. 374. 
 
 9. To CALL PRINCIPAL AS WITNESS, 9 Barr 21 ; 2 J. 383. 
 
 10. Not WAIVED by counter security, 4 Barr 183; 10 
 
 Barr 274. 
 
 11. To subrogation. See Subrogation. 
 
 II. Duties of. 
 
 1. Towards principal, 5 R. 106 ; 1 Wr. 71, 82. 
 
758 SURETY. 
 
 8\JRETY— continued. 
 
 2. Towards co-surety, 4 W. 31 ; 3 Barr 343. 
 
 When means of payment are in his hand, 8 S. & R. 457 ; 
 12 S. & R. 100; 16 S. & R. 192 ; 2 P. & W. 173, 
 203; 3 R. 9, 204; 5 Wh. 116; 9 W. & S. 36; 6 H. 
 207; 8 H. 297; 4 Wr. 146; 3 Gr. 114; 1 S. 29. 
 III. Liability of. 
 
 1. General rules as to, 15 S. & R. 100 ; 2 V.'^k W. 27 ; 
 
 2 W. 356; 4 H. 7; 4 0. 186; 1 Wr. 171; 14 S. 242. 
 
 2. When voluntary, 9 Barr 21. 
 
 3. Limited by contract, 15 S. & R. 100; 5 W. 6, 10 ; 2 
 
 J. 383; 4 H. 9. 
 
 4. When others are to unite as sureties, 2 J. 383. 
 
 5. Without resort to principal, 3 P. & W. 437 ; 1 W. 
 
 280; 5 W. 172; 1 C. 526. 
 
 6. On default of principal, 6 H. 55 ; 8 H. 150 ; 12 Wr. 
 
 345,452; 2 S. 343. 
 
 7. After judgment against principal, 3 P. & W. 437; 
 
 2 W. 107 ; 5 W. 172. 
 
 8. On memorandum in which principal is not named, 
 
 14 S. 242. 
 
 9. As principal, 1 R. 303; 4 Barr 114, 118. 
 
 10. In absence of principal, 1 W. 437 ; 4 Barr 344 ; 6 
 
 H. 460 ; 12 C. 355. 
 
 11. For interest, 3 W. & S. 248. 
 
 12. For expense unnecessarily incurred, 5 R. 106. 
 
 13. On bond of assignee for creditors, 4 Wr. 146; 12 
 
 Wr. 337, 342. See Assignees. 
 
 14. On bond of administrator, 8 W. 214 ; 6 Wr. 453 ; 7 
 
 Wr. 83. See Administrator. 
 
 15. On bond of auctioneer, 3 D. 501 ; 4 D. 45, 107 ; 3 
 
 Y. 335. See Auctioneer. 
 
 16. On bond of treasurer of association, 11 S. 226. 
 
 17. On appeal, 2 P. & W. 475. See Appeal. 
 
 18. On official bonds, 4 D. 107, 282; 6 B. 292; 8 S. & 
 
 R. 110; 1 W. 147; 5 Wh. 144; 8 Barr 444; 12 C. 
 355 ; 2 S. 343. See Official Bond. 
 
 19. For bankrupt, 1 Y. 530 ; 1 B. 3:^7. 
 
 20. On bond for good behavior, 2 Y. 437 ; 3 Y. 128 ; 1 
 
 B. 98. 
 
 21. On bond unauthorized by law, 4 Wh. 321. 
 
 22. On custom house bond, 2 Y. 548; 1 B. 327. 
 
SURETY. 7C.9 
 
 SVR'ETY— continued. 
 
 23. On replevin bond, 2 W. 431 ; 10 W. 233 ; 1 H. 603. 
 
 24. On bond for purchase-money under Orphans' 
 
 Court sale, 16 S. & R. 23. 
 
 25. On bond of guardian, 1 W. 310. See Guardian. 
 
 26. On bond oe county treasurer, 1 Barr 159 ; 10 Wr. 
 
 205, 452 ; 12 Wr. 66. 
 
 27. On bond of justice of the peace, 11 Wr. 335. 
 
 28. On bond of register of wills, 9 Wr. 408. 
 
 29. On bond of state agent, 9 Wr. 507. 
 
 30. On bond for stay of execution, 11 Wr. 214. 
 
 31. On bond of indemnity, 4 Wr. 178 ; 11 Wr. 476. 
 
 32. Of joint sureties, 9 0. 106. 
 
 IV. Payment by. 
 
 When not voluntary, 5 R. 91. 
 
 V. Admissibility of parol evidence to prove liability 
 
 OF unnamed principal, 14 S. 242. 
 
 VI. Equitable defence by, 1 W. 280 ; 1 Gr. 214. 
 
 VII. Privity of with principal, is in contract, not in 
 ACTION, 14 S. 242. 
 
 VIII. Release of. 
 
 1. Does not release principal, 3 B. 520 ; 3 Wh. 407 ; 8 
 
 Barr 265. 
 
 2. When entitled to. 
 
 On refusal to sue principal, 3 Y. 157 ; 4 Y. 518 ; 8 S. & 
 R. 110; lOS. &R. 33; 13 S. &R. 157; 15 S. & R. 
 28; 1 W. 143; 4 W. 446; 6W.&S.147; 3Barr264; 
 6 H. 460; 4 C. 520 ; 4 Wr. 146, 472 ; 8 Wr. 105; 9 
 Wr. 15; 11 Wr. 268, 476 ; 4 Gr. 518; 18 S. 381. 
 
 3. On release of principal, 3 B. 520; 3 Wh. 407; 8 Barr 
 
 265. 
 
 4. Imprisonment of principal on capias, 3 S. & R. 
 
 467. 
 
 5. Death op co-surety, 8 S. & R. 452. 
 
 6. When creditor has means op payment in his hands, 
 
 8 S. & R. 457 ; 12 S. & R. 100 ; 16 S. & R. 192 ; 3 
 R. 9, 204; 2 P. & W. 173, 203 ; 9 W. & S. 36 ; 6 H. 
 207 ; 8 H. 297; 4 Wr. 146 ; 3 Gr. 114; 1 S. 29. 
 
 7. When time is given to principal, 3 P. & W. 437 ; 2 
 
 W. 45 ; 4 W. 446; 5 W. 172 ; 7 W. 523 ; 8 W. 448 ; 
 7 W. & S. 335 ; 1 Barr 435 ; 2 Barr 286 ; 4 Barr 183; 
 2 J. 383; 1 C. 525; 12 C. 519; 3 Wr. 226; 9 S. 
 350. 
 
760 SUKETY— SURVEY OP LAND. 
 
 SVRETY— continued. 
 
 8. By acts and declarations of creditoe, 1 P. & W. 
 
 240 ; 2 W. 431 ; 1 Barr 68 ; 10 Barr 401. 
 
 9. Bdrdbn op proof in suit against, 11 Wr. 476. 
 
 10. Execution against co-surety, 3 P. & W. 405 ; 1 Barr 
 
 361. 
 
 11. Not by his own delay, 8 W. 258. 
 
 12. Where liability is varied, 4 Barr 73, 352, 353. 
 
 13. Where previous defalcation of principal is con- 
 
 cealed, 2 S. 343. 
 
 SURETYSHIP. 
 
 1. Distinguished from guaranty. See Guaranty. 
 
 2. Duties of parties to contract for, 4 Barr 79, 449. 
 
 3. Consideration op contract for, 2 Wr. 302. 
 
 4. Effect of adding the word " surety" to one op sev- 
 
 eral signatures, 2 W. & S. 44. 
 
 SURFACE MEASUREMENT. 
 
 Custom as to, by surveyors, 5 S. 142. 
 
 SURGEON. 
 
 Evidence in action for malpractice, 8 W. & S. 376. 
 
 SURPLUS. 
 
 1. In will, meaning of, 2 Barr 129 ; 8 H. 268. 
 
 2. In verdict, 8 S. & R. 421. 
 
 3. After paying legacy, 9 S. & R. 424. 
 
 4. Bond. See Unseated Land. 
 
 SURPLUSAGE. 
 
 What constitutes, 1 D. 406, 407 ; 1 Y. 518 ; 1 B. 502 ; 6 S. 
 & R. 25; 8 S. & R. 124; 1 P. & W. 232 ; 5 Barr 508 ; 
 6 Barr 348 ; 7 Barr 240 ; 12 H. 489 ; 2 C. 475. 
 
 SURPRISE. 
 
 Continuance of cause for, 4 R. 163. 
 
 SURRENDER. 
 
 1. Of contract on rescission, 2 Barr 240. 
 
 2. Of term by tenant, 7 S. & R. 372; 7 W. 123; 2 W. & 
 
 S. 240; 6 Barr 422; 9 Barr 221; 2 Wr. 63; 18 S. 75. 
 
 SURVEY OF LAND. 
 
 1. Validity of ancient survey, 6 Barr 346. 
 
 2. On land excluded by board of property, 10 Wr. 385. 
 
SURVEY OF LAND. 761 
 
 SURVEY OF LA'S!)— continued. 
 
 3. Warrant for. See Land Warrant. 
 
 Necessity for, 2 Y. 133, 245; 3 Y. 23, 60; 3 S. & R. 
 
 825; 6 S. & R. 129; 1 R. 403; 9 W. 64. 
 Proof of, 1 D. 7 ; 3 Y. 358 ; 4 B. 189 ; 9 S. & R. 38; 
 
 13 S. & R. 113, 382. 
 Under act of 1785, 3 Y. 174. 
 Under act of 1792, 2 Y.. 299. 
 Assent of holder of, presumed, 1 C. 240. 
 When exhausted, 2 Y. 489 ; 3 Y. 90 ; 4 S. & R. 348 ; 10 
 
 S. & R. 23. 
 Admissibility of, in evidence, 2 B. 105 ; 3 B. 31 ; 4 B. 
 
 189. 
 
 4. When to be made, 2 Y. 129 ; 9 W. 110. 
 
 5. By whom made, 1 Y. 286; 3 Y. 528; 2 B. 105; 7 S. & 
 
 R. 185. 
 
 6. For whom made, 5 W. & S. 61. See ante 3. 
 
 7. How made, 1 Y. 128, 185 ; 2 Y. 89, 311 ; 1 B. 146 ; 3 S. 
 
 & R. 283 ; 4 S. & R. 293 ; 7 S. & R. 220 ;' 17 S. & R. 
 
 54 ; 4 W. 442 ; 5 W. 465. 
 
 Location of, in blocks, 7 C. 385 ; 6 S. 69. 
 
 In excess of warrant, 2 B. 520 ; 6 S. & R. 107, 193 ; 7 
 
 C. 348. 
 Practice of adding ten per cent., 3 Y. 73 ; 4 Y. 215, 287 ; 
 
 2 B. 520 ; 6 S. & R. 107 ; 17 S. & R. 54 ; 4 W. 
 442 ; 5 W. 465. 
 
 When natural boundaries are called for, 2 B. 475 ; 5 W. 
 458 ; 8 W. 470 ; 1 Wh. 124 ; 2 Wh. 508 ; 2 Barr 
 43 ; 8 Barr 154 ; 3 H. 139 ; 2 C. 223 ; 9 0. 130 ; 4 
 Wr. 168; 13 S. 210, 271. 
 
 Validity of, without warrant, 2 Y. 133, 245 ; 3 Y. 23, 60 
 
 3 S. & R. 325 ; 6 S. & R. 129 ; 1 R. 403 ; 9 W. 64 
 When not in exact accordance with warrant, 4 Y. 218 
 
 6 S. & R. 193; 6 W. 515; 4 W. & S. 55; 9 Wr. 496, 
 Prior survey how aifected by subsequent, 17 S. & R. 350 
 
 2 R. 45; 5 W. & S. 289; 5 Barr 502; 6 Barr 346 
 
 IJ. 513;1C. 49. 
 When land lies on large streams, 10 W. 428. 
 
 8. Extension of lines of. 
 
 Before return, 3 Y. 399; 2 B. 37; 4 W. 192; 7 C. 348. 
 After return, 2 B. 55; 5 S. & R. 181. 
 
 9. Registry of, 3 W. 9; 9 S. 163. 
 
 10. Presumption in favor of, 3 Y. 60, 71, 73; 2 S. & R. 
 413; 6 S. & R. 189; 10 S. & R. 293; 13 S. & R. 113, 
 384; 2 W. 390; 7 W. 91; 1 W. & S. 68; 7 Barr 67, 
 73; 10 C. 462; 6 Wr. 68; 4 S. 293; 8 S. 266. 
 
762 SURVEY OF LAND. 
 
 SURVEY OF LA'NB— continued. 
 
 11. Where location is doubtful, 1 C. 349; 9 Wr. 495; 4 
 
 S. 196; 9S. 155. 
 
 12. Lines marked on ground, the true survey, 1 Y. 28, 
 
 285; 2 Y. 89, 311 ; 4 Y. 800; IB. 146; 2 S. & R. 394; 
 
 4 S. & R. 347, 456; 5 S. & R. 215; 3 W. 280; 4 W. 
 261; 7 W. 91; 1 W. & S. 68; 3 W. & S. 465; 2 Barr 
 43; 4 Barr 244; 3 H-. 139; 10 C. 340; 1 Wr. 64; 2 
 Wr. 69; 4 Wr. 160; 7 Wr. 337; 10 Wr. 477; 11 Wr. 
 393 ; 12 Wr. 38, 419 ; 3 S. 313 ; 6 S. 69 ; 11 S. 411. 
 
 13. Governed by adjoiners called for, 4 S. & R. 461 ; 9 
 
 W. 116; 2 Barr 44; 8 Barr 154; 4 H. 232; 8 H. 80. 
 82 ; 7 C. 355 ; 10 C. 198, 340, 462; 4 Wr. 160 ; 6 Wr. 
 268; 12 Wr. 419. 
 
 14. No vacancy where two surveys call for bach other, 
 
 8 H. 80. 
 
 15. Void and voidable surveys, 3 Y. 528; 3 W. 312; 5 W. 
 
 209 ; 5 W. & S. 284. 
 
 16. Correction of irregularities in, 1 Y. 25; 2 Y. 88, 
 
 219; 3 Y. 580,582; 2 B. 109; 4B. 20; 6 W. 514; 4 
 W. & S. 55, 348. 
 
 17. Where there are two or more marked corners, 4 S. 
 
 & R. 462. 
 
 18. As TO running interior lines, 3 Y. 23 ; IB. 146, 246 ; 
 
 5 S. & R. 101 ; 7 S. & R. 222 ; 10 S. & R. 216 ; 12 S. 
 &R. 129; 13 S. & R. 382; 14 S. & R. 364; 2 W. 390; 
 3 W. & S. 465. 
 
 19.- Acceptance of land under, 4 S. & R. 393; 7 S. & R. 
 330; 10 S. & R. 23; 6 W. 514; 1 C. 240; 9 S. 155, 
 164. 
 
 20. Occupancy under. 
 
 Effect of, on adverse warrant and survey, 8 H. 163. 
 Effect of, on intervening survey, 9 C. 331. 
 When notice, 7 S. & R. 185. 
 
 21. When title vests under, 6 S. & R. 130. 
 
 22. Return. 
 
 Duty of surveyor or deputy as to, 2 Y. 89 ; 3 Y. 67 ; 6 
 S. & R. 193; 5 W. 518 ; 6 Barr 21. 
 
 When to be made, 3 Y. 401 ; 3 B. 183; 15 S. & R. 224; 
 4 W. 138; 7 W. 240; 1 W. & S. 68; 4 Wr. 260. 
 
 When time of making,, is a question of fact, 4 W. 132. 
 
 Proof of, 6 W. 456; 7 W. 91; 1 W. & S. 68. 
 
 Correction of errors in, 3 Y. 580 ; 4 Wr. 160. 
 
 Impeachment of, 2 Y. .313 ; 4 W. 294. 
 
SURVEY OF LAND— SURVEYOR. 763 
 
 SURVEY OF LA-^T)— continued. 
 
 Presumption arising from, 3 Y. 60, 73 ; 1 W. & S. 68 ; 
 
 3 Barr 392. 
 Effect of, 2 Y. 88, 245 ; 1 B. 246 ; 5 B. 77 ; 4 S. & R. 
 
 293; 13 S. & R. 12; 4 W. 431; 1 W. & S. 68; 2 
 
 H. 289; 4 Wr. 260; 7 Wr. 197. 
 
 23. Effect of encroachment on, by settler, 10 "Wr. 67. 
 
 See Settler. 
 
 24. Effect of re-survey on previous unreturned survey, 
 
 17 S. & R. 356. 
 
 25. When evidence, 1 D. 7; 1 Y. 28; 2 Y. 245; 3 Y. 67; 
 
 4 Y. 330, 428; 3 B. 35; 4 B. 189;'6 B. 125; 1 S. & R. 
 525; 4 S. & R. 167; 5 S. & R. 215; 6 S. & R. 137; 8 
 S. & R. 392; 9 S. & R. 38; 11 S. & R. 514; 12 S. & 
 R. 140; 14 S. & R. 372; 2 R. 45; 2 W. 333; 5 W. 
 348; 7 W. 91; 8 W. 81 ; 9 W. 544; 3 Wh. 250; 1 W. 
 & S. 68; 2 W. & S. 365; 4 W. & S. 393; 7 W. & S. 
 286, 458; 1 Barr 295; 8 Barr 436 ; 2 H. 289; 4 Wr. 
 250; 6 Wr. 205, 268; 9 Wr. 495; 12 Wr. 238. 
 
 SURVEYOR-GENERAL. 
 
 I. Powers of. 
 
 1. To adopt survey returned, 2 p. & W. 49 ; 7 S. & R. 
 
 190. 
 
 2. As to return of survey, 2 S. & R. 557. 
 
 3. Admissions and declarations of, 1 Y. 87. 
 
 SURVEYOR UNDER LAND OFFICE LAWS. 
 I. Right of. 
 
 To compensation, 1 B. 146 ; 3 B. 50. 
 
 IL Duties. 
 
 1. As agent for owner of land warrant, 4 Y. 107. 
 
 2. As to conflicting applications, 4 Y. 494. 
 
 III. Presumption in favor of, 10 Wr. 67. 
 
 IV. Powers op. 
 
 1. As to survey. See Survey. 
 
 2. To BIND OWNER OP WARRANT, 3 Y. 71 ; 4 Y. 107. 
 
 3. As TO LAND AT FoRT M'Intosh, 1 Y. 286. 
 
 V. Bill op. 
 
 1. Not included in costs of suit, 10 Wr. 233. 
 
 VI. Opinion op when evidence, 10 C. 402. 
 
 VII. Notice of when evidence, 2 Y. 213, 245 ; 6 B. 125. 
 
 VIII. Acts and declarations op when evidence, 2 Y. 
 295; 4 Wr. 506. 
 
764 SUKVEYOR— SUSPENSION. 
 
 SURVEYOR UNDER LAND OFEICE LAWS— continued. 
 
 IX. Draft of when evidence. See Survey. 
 
 X. Who responsible for errors op, 8 Wr. 348 ; 9 S. 165. 
 
 XI. Field notes of when evidence. See Field Notes. 
 
 SURVIVING CHILDREN. 
 Meaning of in will, 1 "Wr. 373. 
 
 SURVIVING EXECUTOR. 
 
 1. Powers of, 2 D. 223 ; 1 Y. 162, 164, 168 ; 3 B. 69 ; 5 S. 
 
 & R. 523 ; 3 R. 397 ; 8 Barr 418. 
 
 2. Rights of to bring ejectment, 5 S. & R. 523. 
 
 3. Liability of for assets of testator, 2 R. 144. 
 
 SURVIVING OBLIGEE. 
 
 Right of to possession of bond, 4 D. 257. 
 
 SURVIVING OBLIGOR. 
 
 Liability of, 2 W. 40. 
 
 SURVIVING PARTNERS. 
 
 I. Rights op, 
 
 1. Generally, 1 D. 250; 4 D. 234; 5 S. 252. 
 
 2. To control fund of partnership, 5 S. 252. 
 
 3. To compensation for settling up firm business, 7 
 
 H. 516; 5 Wr. 129. 
 
 II. Power and authority op, 
 
 1. To collect debts, 1 D. 250; 3 R. 355; 1 W. & S. 240. 
 
 2. To BIND SELF AND FIRM BY JUDGMENT, 10 W. 57. 
 
 ' 3. As TO ACCOMMODATION ENDORSEMENTS, 4 Barr 205. 
 
 4. As TO SET OFF, 11 S. & R. 48; 7 W. 465; 2 Barr 261. 
 
 See Partner; Partnership. 
 
 SURVIVING TRUSTEES. 
 
 Powers of, 3 W. & S. 45. See Trustees. 
 
 SURVIVORS. 
 
 Meaning of in will, 2 Barr 428. 
 
 Conveyance to after estate for life, construed, 9 H. 343. 
 
 SUSPENSION. 
 
 1. Op rent, 11 S. & R. 419; 1 R. 435; 10 H. 144; 1 C. 
 
 193; 7 Wr. 404. See Rent. 
 
 2. Op statute, 3 D. 367. See Acts of Assembly. 
 
 3. Of execution. See Execution 2. 
 
SUSQUEHANNA BOOM COMPANY— TAXATION. 765 
 
 SUSQUEHANNA BOOM COMPANY. 
 
 Charter of, construed, 8 S. 182. 
 
 SUSQUEHANNA RIVER. 
 
 1. Islands in ownership of, 4 Y. 209; 14 S. & R. 242; 4 
 
 H. 512. 
 
 2. Act authorizing floating of logs in, construed, 15 
 
 S. 399. 
 
 SWATARA CREEK. 
 
 Right to erect dams in, 9 W. 225. 
 
 SWINE. 
 
 1. Acts of assembly relative to, construed, 10 S. & R. 
 
 393; 10 Wr. 147; 8 S. 496. 
 
 2. Remedy for injury done by, 10 Wr. 147. 
 
 SWITCH ON RAILROAD. 
 
 1. Right to use by prescription, 1 S. 469. 
 
 2. Right of company to construct, 6 S. 335. 
 
 SYNODS. 
 Authority of, over religious bodies, 3 Barr 382 ; 5 Wr. 9 ; 12 
 Wr. 20; 9 S. 335. 
 
 TAKING POSSESSION. 
 Admissibility of, 10 C. 38. See Possession. 
 
 TALESMAN. See Jury. 
 
 TAN YARD. 
 
 When a nuisance, 3 R. 256. 
 
 TARDE VENIT. 
 
 Appearance after return of, 7 Barr 128. 
 
 TAVERN ACCOUNT. 
 
 1. Recovery of note for, 5 S. & R. 139. 
 
 2. Recovery of charge for spirituous liquors in, 6 H. 48. 
 
 3. Validity of as set off, 2 Barr 77. 
 
 TAVERN KEEPER. 
 
 1. Bond of, 7 C. 341. 
 
 2. Liability of. 
 
 To wife for death of husband, 4 Wr. 95. 
 
 For violation of Sunday law, 9 H. 426; 10 C. 86. 
 
 TAXATION. 
 
 1. Definition of, 3 Wr. 73. 
 
 2. Double, discussed, 16 S. 73. 
 
766 TAXATION. 
 
 TAXATION— continued. 
 
 3. Right op, discussed, 3 D. 173, 181, 184 ; 4 S. & R. 359; 
 
 7 H. 260 ; 9 H. 147, 168, 196; 12 H. 229; 4 Wr. 348 ; 
 13 Wr. 519, 526; 14 Wr. 150; 2 S. 140; 5 S. 452; 7 
 S. 98, 433 ; 10 S. 9 ; 12 S. 491 ; 14 S. 154 ; 15 S. 146, 
 151; 16 S. 73, 84; 19 S. 137, 352. 
 
 4. SUREENDBR OF POWERS OF, DISCUSSED, 2 C. 242 ; 16 S. 
 
 84; 19 S. 137. 
 
 5. Exemption from, 8 W. & S. 334; 6 Barr 70; IJ. 202; 
 
 3 H. 351 ; 10 H. 496; 12 H. 229 ; 2 C. 292; 6 Wr. 9, 
 21,424; 8Wr. 360; 3S. 219; 6 8.315,318; 16 S. 84. 
 
 6. Apportionment of, 12 S. & R. 299 ; 7 H. 260. 
 
 7. After exscission of territory, 11 Wr. 488. 
 
 8. Remedy for illegal, 1 H. 72; 8 H. 366; 12 H. 229; 2 
 
 C. 426; 6 0. 227. See Assessors. 
 
 9. Op non-residents, 9 H. 114; 12 0. 397; 2 Wr. 157, 
 
 309; 2 S. 140; 10 S. 325; 16 S. 64, 80. 
 
 10. Of United States officer, 8 C. 381. 
 
 11. Of aliens, 2 S. 367. 
 
 12. Of personal property. 
 
 Brokers' receipts, 1 J. 468 ; 10 Wr. 31 ; 14 Wr. 201. 
 Corporation stock, 8 W. 289 ; 1 H. 223 ; 4 C. 249 ; 1 
 
 Wr. 340; 2 S. 177; 4 S. 189; 5 S. 45, 452; 9 S. 
 
 104; 19 S. 140, 151. 
 Carriages, 3 D. 171. 
 Debts, 8 H. 38; 9 H. 413; 6 C. 533. 
 Dividends, 2 P. & W. 27, 438 ; 8 W. 289 ; 10 Barr 442 ; 
 
 1 H. 165; 1 AVr. 340; 3 Wr. 103; 13 Wr. 251; 
 
 14 Wr. 399; 2 S. 140, 177; 5 S. 448, 452; 9 S. 
 
 61, 104; 16 S. 57, 63. 
 Corporation loans, 2 S. 140 ; 16 S. 63, 64. 
 Ground-rents, 4 W. 98; 1 Wh. 72; 7 Barr 161. 
 Drinking saloons, 12 S. 493. 
 Interest, 9 H. 413. 
 
 Officers, 7 W. 513; 7 W. & S. 329 ; 8 Barr 128. 
 Occupations, 5 W. & S. 275; 1 H. 622; 9 H. 525; IJ. 
 
 468. 
 Original writs, 11 Wr. 363. 
 Public loans, 3 C. 497. 
 Money on interest, 1 Barr 330; 9 Barr 359; 1 H. 322, 
 
 325; 8 H. 38,112; 9 H. 413 ; 4 0.249; 9 C. 136; 
 
 12 C. 397; 3 Gr. 245. 
 Mortgages, 3 C. 49 ; 3 Gr. 245 ; 10 S. 325. 
 Railroad bonds, 2 S. 190. 
 
TAXATION— TAX BOOKS 767 
 
 TAXATION— continued. 
 
 Salaries, 7 W. 518 ; 5 W. & S. 275 ; 9 H. 525 ; 5 C. 
 
 226 ; 3 Gr. 247. 
 Foreign investments, 10 S. 325. 
 Furniture, 8 C. 381. 
 Trust funds, 2 W. & S. 586; 1 H. 322; 12 C. 397; 2 
 
 Wr. 157 ; 10 S. 325. 
 Widow's thirds, 2 W. 170. 
 
 13. Of corporations. 
 
 American Philosophical Society, 6 Wr. 9. 
 
 Credit Mobilier, 17 S. 233. 
 
 Bank of Pennsylvania, 7 H. 144. 
 
 Bank discounts, 10 Barr 442 ; 1 Wr. 340. 
 
 ChriU Church, 12 H. 229. 
 
 Gas companies, 6 C. 232. 
 
 Banks, 10 Barr 492 ; 7 H. 144. 
 
 Incomes, 9 S. 61, 104. 
 
 Canal companies, 8 W. & S. 434; 3 H. 351; 1 J. 202; 
 
 7 Wr. 227; 11 Wr. 106 ; 14 Wr. 399 ; 16 S. 81. 
 Bridge companies, 9 Barr 415. 
 Coal companies, 12 S. 241. 
 Deposit bank investments, 9 Barr 359. 
 Eailroad property, 8 W. & S. 334; 6 Barr 70 ; IJ. 202; 
 
 3 C. 380; 5 C. 370; 16 S. 73. 
 Railroad tonnage, 12 S. 286. 
 
 Foreign railroad companies, 6 C. 370 ; 16 S. 7-3, 85. 
 Foreign insurance companies, 11 Wr. 106; 13 Wr. 519, 
 
 526; 14 Wr. 410. 
 Manufacturing companies, 3 Wr. 251 ; 6 Wr. 424. 
 Mutual insurance companies, 9 Barr 413. 
 Toll houses, 1 J. 202. 
 
 14. Of keal estate. 
 
 Propriety of, discussed, 9 W. 104. 
 When to be assessed, 14 Wr. 208. 
 Coal lands, 5 C. 373. 
 In Chambersburg, 2 R. 126. 
 Rural marsh lands, 2 Wr. 355. 
 
 Unseated lands, 7 W. 390 ; 9 Barr 270. See Unseated 
 Lands. 
 
 15. Liability of heirs, 9 W. 413. 
 
 16. Liability OF WIFE of person in military service, 3 S. 219. 
 
 17. Of trust estates, 1 H. 451 ; 1 C. 56. 
 
 TAX BOOKS. 
 
 1. Object of, 12 H. 453. 
 
 2. When evidence, 5 W. 287. 
 
768 TAX COLLECTOK— TAXES. 
 
 TAX COLLECTOR. 
 
 1. Appointment op, 2 W. & S. 37; 6 Barr 260; 7 Barr 42; 
 
 8H. 150; 2Gr. 82; 8 S. 93. 
 
 2. Statutes relative to, construed, 1 S. 71. 
 8. Oath of, 2 W. & S. 37. 
 
 4. Bond of. 
 
 Liability on, 1 W. & S. 428 ; 6 Barr 290 ; 10 C. 239. 
 Liability of surety, 6 Barr 24, 290; 6 H. 55; 8 H. 150; 
 
 1 C. 69;9 S. 197. 
 Release of surety, 1 C. 69. 
 
 5. Proof of official character of, 2 W. & S. 37, 65 ; 6 
 
 W. & S. 46 ; 8 S. 93. 
 
 6. Warrant to. 
 
 Form of, 3 R. 95 ; 8 S. 93. 
 
 When protected by, 3 R. 95 ; 6 H. 55 ; 10 C. 239 ; 8 S. 
 
 93 ; 9 S. 197. 
 Lien of, 5 W. 72, 76 ; 10 S. 46. 
 
 7. Duplicate of. 
 
 When evidence, 2 W. & S. 65. 
 
 8. Powers of, 1 S. 71. 
 
 9. Liability of. 
 
 For embezzlement, 5 R. 64. 
 To sale of property under Act of 1799, 8 S. 304. 
 To action at common law, 1 S. 71. 
 For trespass, 10 W. 463 ; 3 H. 31 ; 8 S. 93 ; 10 S. 46. 
 10. Plea of Statute of Limitations by, 6 Barr 290 ; 1 S. 71. 
 
 TAXES. 
 
 1. Act of May 1868, consolidating tax laws, construed, 
 
 16 S. 70. 
 
 2. Assessment of. See Assessment. 
 
 3. Appeal from assessment, 8 C. 356. See Assessment 5. 
 
 4. Lien of, 9 S. & R. 109; 3 P. & W. 26; 5 W. 72, 76; 9 
 
 W. 414; 8 W. & S. 449 ; 3 C. 49; 4 Wr. 455; 10 S. 
 46, 169. 
 
 Effect of judicial sale on, 1 H. 113, 202 ; 3 C. 49 ; 
 6 C. 56; 6 Wr. 192; 10 S. 169. 
 
 5. Payment of. 
 
 When proof of title, 17 S. & R. 350 ; 3 W. 73 ; 10 W. 
 
 141 ; 4 Wh. 291 ; 1 W. & S. 324 ; 6 H. 123. 
 Presumption arising from, 4 Barr 427. 
 Out of proceeds of sheriff's sale, 5 Barr 390 ; 3 C. 49 ; 
 
 10 S. 169. 
 
 6. Apportionment of, 12 S. & R. 299 ; 7 H. 260. 
 
TAXES— TAX PAfER. 769 
 
 TAXES — continued. 
 
 7. Deduction of, from purchase-money, 15 S. & R. 45; 2 
 
 Wr. 211. See Pukchase-monbt. 
 
 8. Deduction for prompt payment, 13 "Wr. 74. 
 
 9. Distress for, 4 Barr 240. 
 
 10. Collection of, by suit, 7 C. 73 ; IS. 71. 
 
 11. Notice of sale of property, for payment of, 2 Wr. 40, 
 
 309; 1 S. 71. 
 
 12. Interest on, 11 Wr. 363 ; 14 Wr. 399. 
 
 13. Effect of sale for, 1 S. 43 ; 2 S. 295. 
 
 14. Redemption of property, after sale for, 2 Wr. 40. 
 
 15. Lien op judgment for unpaid, 9 S. 401. 
 
 16. State taxes. 
 
 Power of Commonwealtli to assess and collect, 6 Barr 80 ; 
 
 16 S. 64. See Taxation 3. 
 Act of 1824, relative to, construed, 8 W. & S. 449. 
 Act of 1844, relative to, construed, 16 S. 64. 
 
 17. County taxes. 
 
 What subject to, 13 S. & R. 422 ; 2 R. 73 ; 7 W. 513, 
 
 516 ; 1 H. 323. 
 Lien of, 9 S. & R. 109 ; 3 P. & W. 26 ; 9 W. 414 ; 9 S. 
 
 401. 
 Form of warrant to collect, 3 R. 95. 
 Payment of. 
 
 Proof of, 8 H. 157. 
 
 Out of proceeds of sherifi"s sale, 5 Barr 390 ; 3 C. 49 ; 
 
 10 S. 169. 
 No proof of ownership of property, 17 S. & R. 350 ; 
 3 W. 73; 10 W. 141; 4 Wh. 29 ; 1 W. & S. 
 324 ; 6 H. 123. 
 After division of county, 9 W. & S. 80. 
 Liability of heirs for, 9 W. 413. 
 Liability of tenant for. See Lease ; Tenant. 
 By tenant or stranger, effect of, 9 S. 401. 
 18. Township taxes. 
 
 Who liable for, 4 Barr 237. 
 Collection of, 6 Barr 260. 
 On division of township, 2 S. & R. 108. 
 19. Action to recover back when illegally paid, 9 W. 414 ; 
 1 W. & S. 428 ; IJ. 60 ; 8 H. 421 ; 12 H. 229 ; 7 C. 
 73; 7 S. 433. 
 
 TAX PAYER. 
 
 Right of to test constitutionality of school law, 9 H. 147, 188 ; 
 6 C. 9; 9S. 232. 
 
 49 
 
770 TAX SALES— TENANT. 
 
 TAX SALES. See Unseated Land. 
 
 TEACHER'S SALARY. 
 
 Power of school controller over, 11 Wr. 382. 
 
 TEAMSTER. 
 
 Claims of -within Mechanics' Lien Law, 2 Wr. 151. 
 
 TECHNICAL WORDS. See Conteact 30 ; Will. 
 
 TELEGRAPH COMPANY. 
 
 Liability of for negligence or mistake, 11 C. 298 ; 5 S. 262 ; 
 12 S. 83. 
 
 TENANT. 
 
 I. At will. 
 
 1. Creation of tenancy, 3 W. 129; 1 J. 189; 10 C. 263. 
 
 2. Proof of, 6 Barr 480 ; 4 C. 148. 
 
 3. Nature of estate, 2 S. & R. 50 ; 8 S. & R. 473; 4 R. 
 
 126 ; 1 W. & S. 90 ; 1 C. 187. 
 
 4. Destruction of tenancy, 8 H. 80. 
 
 5. Right of to resist forcible entry, 1 D. 355. 
 
 6. Liability of to eviction, 1 D. 355. 
 
 II. In common. 
 
 1. Who are, 4 W. & S. 550. 
 
 2. Creation of tenancy, 5 B. 16, 119 ; 2 S. & R. 461 ; 3 
 
 S. & R. 135, 392; 10 S. & R. 182 ; 11 S. & R. 191; 
 13 S. & R. 65 ; 17 S. & R. 61 ; 2 R. 68; 2 W. 185 ; 
 4 W. & S. 550 ; 9 W. & S. 123 ; 5 Barr 367 ; 7 H. 
 101; 1 0. 34; 10 S. 511; 12 S. 252. 
 
 3. Interest of in equitable estate, 3 Wr. 369. 
 
 4. Covenant to stand seized to the use of each other, 
 
 10 Barr 348. 
 
 5. Contract between as to exclusive possession by- 
 
 one, 3 S. 322. 
 
 6. Purchase of outstanding title by one, 1 P. & W. 
 
 439, 441; 10 W. 359 ; 4 C. 419 ; 5 C. 139. 
 
 7. Possession of property by one of several, 2 S. & 
 
 R. 461 ; 3 S. & R. 373 ; 10 S. & R. 182 ; 3 W. 74 ; 5 
 W. 146: 10 W. 192, 365; 2 W. & S. 294; 7 Barr 
 423 ; 2 H. 248 ; 8 S. 322. 
 
 8. Sale of interest by one to the other, 5 C. 495; 7 
 
 Wr. 170; 7 S. 54. 
 
 9. Rights of tenants. 
 
 To defend against sheriff's vendee of co-tenant's interest, 
 2 Barr 26. 
 
TENANT. 771 
 
 T'E^ ANT— continued. 
 
 To distrain for rent, 3 W. & S. 631. 
 
 To mesne profits, 3 Y. 14; 3 Wr. 427. 
 
 As to vendee of co-tenant, 5 H. 375 ; 2 S. 370. 
 
 Under Act of Assembly relative to mining, 6 Wr. 488. 
 
 To action of debt, 1 W. 225. 
 
 To interest, 16 S. 117. 
 
 To be reimbursed for improvements, 9 W. & S. 197. 
 
 To contribution, 4 S. & R. 372, 389; 3 R. 420; 6 W. & 
 
 S. 78 ; 9 W. & S. 197 ; 9 C. 492; 3 Gr. 177 ; 2 S. 
 
 370. 
 To trespass against co-tenant, 7 Barr 397 ; 11 C. 364 ; 6 
 
 Wr. 97. 
 To partition, 1 B. 216 ; 3 R. 420; 2 P. & W. 215 ; 1 W. 
 
 265; 5 W. 279; 9 W. 363 ; 10 W. 135; 2 Wh. 187; 
 
 1 W. & S. 184 ; 8 W. & S. 520; 8 W. & S. 127 ; 5 
 
 Barr 428 ; 2 H. 134; 7 H. 100; 10 Wr. 376 ; 8 Gr. 
 
 177. 
 To ejectment 2 Y. 285; 9 S. & R. 87; 10 S. & R. 182; 
 
 12 S. & R. 485; 8 W. 392 ; 8 W. 51 ; 1 W. & S. 
 
 184; 1 H. 376; 6 Wr. 389; 7 Wr. 521; 14 S. 422. 
 To damages for land taken by railroad company, 7 W. & 
 
 S. 38, 48; 9 S. 24. 
 To account render, 3 B. 317 ; 4 S. & R. 272; 10 S. & 
 
 R. 219, 222; 8 P. & W. 295; 7 W. 488 ; 4 W. & S. 
 
 550; 1 Barr 866; 9 H. 90 ; 12 H. 162; 9 C. 492. 
 On death of co-tenant, 2 C. 54; 10 S. 511, 516. 
 Against intruders, 8 C. 302. 
 To disaffirm sale by co-tenant, 5 C. 495. 
 To testify, 16 S. & R. 194 ; 8 W. 74 ; 1 Barr 440. 
 
 10. Duties of. 
 
 As to purchase of lands, 1 P. & W. 439, 441 ; 10 W. 
 854 ; 2 Barr 468 ; 1 C. 270 ; 4 C. 419 ; 5 C. 189 ; 
 18 S. 81. 
 
 As to purchase and use of encumbrance against com- 
 mon estate, 6 C. 878 ; 18 S. 24. ' 
 
 11. Liability of. 
 
 In ejectment, 8 Y. 285; 9 S. & R. 87 ; 10 S. & R. 182; 
 
 12 S. & R. 485 ; 3 P. & W. 505 ; 8 W. 892 ; 7 W. 
 
 565 ; 8 W. 51 ; 1 W. & S. 184 ; 8 W. & S. 127 ; 6 
 
 Wr. 389 ; 7 Wr. 521 ; 14 S. 422. 
 In assumpsit, 10 S. & R. 219. 
 In account render, 8 B. 317 ; 4 S. & R. 272; 10 S. & R. 
 
 219, 222; 3 P. & W. 295; 7 W. 483; 4 W. & S. 
 
 550 ; 1 Barr 366 ; 9 H. 90 ; 12 H. 162 ; 9 C. 492 ; 
 
 12 S. 252; 16 S. 117; 17 S. 153. 
 
772 TENANT— TENANT FOE YEAES. 
 
 'mis ANT— continued. 
 
 In trespass, 7 Barr 397 ; 11 C. 364 ; 6 Wr. 97. 
 
 In debt, 1 W. 265. 
 
 For mesne profits, 3 Y. 14 ; 8 Wr. 427. 
 
 For contribution, 4 S. & K. 372, 389 ; 3 R. 420 ; 6 W. 
 
 &S..78;9 W. & S. 197; 9 C.492; 3 Gr. 177 ; 2 S. 
 
 370. 
 For interest, 16 S. 117. 
 To mechanics' lien, 18 S. 449. 
 
 12. Ouster of, 1 D. 67; 2 S. & R. 461; 10 S. & R. 182; 13 
 
 S. & R. 356 ; 3 W. 74 ; 5 W. 146 ; 9 W. 363 ; 10 W. 158, 
 185, 289 ; 1 W. & S. 184 ; 2 W. & S. 182, 294 ; 7 Barr 
 397 ; 10 Barr 225 ; 2 H. 514 ; 5 C. 495 ; 6 C. 507 ; 8 C. 
 68 ; 11 C. 364 ; 13 Wr. 133 ; 8 Gr. 117. See Disseisin ; 
 Ouster. 
 
 13. Joinder of. 
 
 In replevin, 11 C. 437. 
 For joint injury, 381. 
 
 14. Transfer of title must be in writing, 5 W. 146 ; 5 C. 
 
 495; 7 Wr. 170, 171. 
 •15. Payment of mortgage by one, 6 C. 378. 
 16. Right of executor of one, to purchase in his own 
 
 NAME, 3 Gr. 379. 
 
 TENANT AT SUFFERANCE. 
 
 When widow of life tenant is, 1 J. 189 ; 10 C. ^63. 
 
 TENANT BY THE CURTESY. See Curtesy Estate. 
 
 TENANT FOR LIFE. See Life Estate. 
 
 TENANT FOR YEARS. 
 
 I. Creation of tenancy. See Lease. 
 
 II. Possession by, is that of lessor, 8 H. 80 ; 8 S. 305. 
 
 III. Title of, 2 Wh. 398. 
 
 IV. Rights of, 
 
 1. As against landlord. 
 
 To way-going crop. See Crops 4. 
 
 To uncut grass as emblements, 14 S. 135. 
 
 To straw and manure on farm, 1 W. & S. 509 ; 2 W. & S. 
 
 22; 5 W. & S. 157; 5 Barr 211. 
 On eviction, 11 S. & R. 419 ; 6 C. 298 ; 9 C. 452 ; 2 
 
 Wr. 340 ; 1 Gr. 307 ; 6 S. 173 ; 19 S. 826. See 
 
 Eviction. 
 To damages for illegal distress, 3 W. 327; 10 Wr. 463; 
 
 12 Wr. 380. 
 
TENANT FOE YEARS. 773 
 
 TENANT FOR Y'EARS— continued. 
 
 To damages for refusal to deliver possession of demised 
 
 premises, 6 S. 73; 14 S. 425. 
 To damages in trespass, 8 W. 282; 10 Wr. 463. 
 Under lease made through fraud or mistake, 8 H. 60. 
 To compensation for repairs, 3 W. 238; 4 W. 460; 6 
 
 Wh. 303; 1 W. & S. 630, 532; 4 Barr 364; 6 Barr 
 
 540, 554; 9 Barr 193; 11 H. 305; 12 H. 67, 228; 
 
 7 S. 468; 18 S. 57. 
 To compensation for improvements, 12 H. 228. 
 To abatement of rent, 13 S. & R. 39. See Rent 10. 
 To suspension of rent. See Rent 15. 
 To set off, against claim for rent, 14 S. & R. 439. 
 To defalcation in replevin, 3 Wh. 149, 192. See Re- 
 plevin 16. 
 To plead Statute of Limitations of March 27, 1713 ; 1 
 
 R. 135. 
 To benefit of Exemption Law, 11 C. 369. See Exemption. 
 After sheriff's sale of lessor's interest, 5 C. 66; 3 S. 81. 
 To notice to quit, 1 B. 333; 2 S. & R. 50; 5 S. & R. 
 
 174; 8 S. & R. 459; 9 S. & R. 87; 4 R. 123; 1 J. 
 
 472; 7 H. 434; 4 S. 86; 7 S. 184; 12 S. 133. 
 To remove fixtures, 4 W. 370, 430 ; 7 W. 106 ; 1 Wh. 
 
 91, 94; 5 Wh. 143; 9 Barr 493; 4 C. 119, 390; 
 
 7 0. 155; 9 C. 523; 11 S. 87. See Fixtures. 
 To hold over, 1 B. 333 ; 5 S. & R. 174; 13 S. & R. 63 ; 
 
 4 R. 123; 4 Wh. 229; 2 Barr 144; 8 S. 305. ' 
 To testify for reversioner, 4 C. 181. 
 To serve as juror where landlord is a party, 16 S. & R. 
 
 351. 
 2. As against strangers. 
 
 To damage for injury to possession, 4 Barr 486 ; 1 J. 305 ; 
 
 10 H. 29; 1 C. 229; 2 C. 238; 4 C. 181; 11 S. 302; 
 
 16 S. 425. 
 To damage for grading street, 10 Barr 98. 
 To damage for opening street, 3 Wh. 357. 
 To damage for constructing plank or turnpike road, 1 C. 
 
 229. 
 To damage for constructing railroad, 10 H. 29; 2 C. 
 
 238; 16 S. 429. See Railroads. 
 To damage for interference with water rights, 11 S. 302. 
 
 V. Duties of. 
 
 1. As TO TITLE OF LANDLORD, 2 B. 467, 468, 471 ; 6 B. 
 45; 4 S. & R. 467; 13 S. & R. 133; 14 S. & R. 312, 
 382; 1 R. 408, 415; 1 P. & W. 402; 3 W. 449; 5 W. 
 55, 386; 6 W. 44; 8 W. 536; 10 W. 67; 2 W. & S. 
 240; 6 Barr 154; 7 Barr 63; 1 H. 267; 5 H. 262; 8 
 
774 TENANT FOR YEARS. 
 
 TENANT FOR Y'E.KR^—contmued. 
 
 H. 60; 9 H. 260, 450; 11 H. 131, 173; 12 H. 72; 11 
 C. 108; 12 Wr. 176; 3 Gr. 295; 1 S. 499; 4 S. 196; 
 8 S. 137; 11 S. 491. 
 As to attornment. See Attornment. 
 As to notice of intention to abandon possession, 10 Barr 
 41- 
 VI. Liability of. 
 
 1. For rent, 4 W. 268 ; 2 Wh. 162 ; 2 W. & S. 558 ; 5 W. 
 
 & S. 432; -3 Barr 444; IIH. 18; 6 C. 205; 6 Wr. 77 ; 
 16 S. 425; 19 S. 326. 
 
 2. To DISTRESS. See Distress. 
 
 3. For use and occupation, 6 Wh. 500. See Use and 
 
 Occupation. 
 
 4. For interest, 6 B. 159; 7 Barr 189; 6 Wr. 77; 7 Wr. 
 
 404. 
 
 5. For repairs and improvements, 1 W. & S. 530; 9 
 
 Barr 194; 11 H. 305; 2 S. 149. SeelY.l. 
 
 6. On surrender op lease, 7 W. 123; 5 Barr 422; 2 Wr. 
 
 63; 19 S. 326. 
 
 7. To forfeiture of lease, 8 W. 51. 
 
 8. On covenants in lease, 6 S. & R. 446; 1 W. & S. 530; 
 
 8 Barr 112. 
 
 9. For clandestine removal of goods, 12 S. & R. 217. 
 
 10. To sale of interest on execution, 6 H. 60. 
 
 11. As co-defendant in action of dower, 13 S. & R. 85. 
 
 12. To account render by landlord, 1 W. & S. 530. 
 
 13. To ejectment, 9 S. & R. 87. 
 
 '14. After payment of rent to administrator of lessor, 
 
 1 0. 197. 
 
 15. After notice to quit, 8 S. & R. 459. 
 
 16. On holding over, 13 S. & R. 60, 63 ; 4 Wh. 226, 229 ; 
 
 2 Barr 144 ; 12 H. 96 ; 11 C. 45. 
 
 17. After assignment of terms, 8 Barr 26 ; 11 H. 18 ; 6 
 
 C. 205 ; 6 Wr. 77. 
 
 18. After distress of goods of sub-tenant, 2 Wh. 162. 
 
 19. To STRANGER FOR INJURY FROM NEGLECT TO REPAIR, 9 
 
 Barr 193. 
 
 20. To STRANGER FOR GOODS DISTRAINED BY LANDLORD, 13 
 
 S. & R. 54. 
 
 21. To LIEN ON INTEREST OF, IN DEMISED PROPERTY, 2 Wh. 
 
 368. 
 
TENANT FOR YEARS— TENDER. 775 
 
 TENANT FOR YEARS— continued. 
 VIL Abandonment of possession by, 7 W. 123; 5 Barr 
 422 ; 2 Wr. 63. See Abandonment 12. 
 
 VIII. Mortgage by, to lessor, 5 W. & S. 145. 
 
 IX. Release ov, by landlord, 14 S. 153. 
 
 TENDER. 
 
 I. Of money. 
 
 1. On purchase op land, 7 S. & R. 341 ; 8 S. & R. 381; 
 
 16 S. & R. 361, 425 ; 2 W. 132; 10 W. 90, 139 ; 1 
 C. 354; 11 C. 305; 7 Wr. 226; 11 Wr. 353; 1 Gr. 
 254; 2 Gr. 393; 17 S. 28; 20 S. 192. 
 
 2. Evidence of, when proper in ejectment, 8 Wr. 473 ; 
 
 11 Wr. 353. 
 
 3. What is legal, 2 D. 191 ; 4 D. 327, App. xxiii. ; 10 
 
 S. & R. 14 ; 16 S. & R. 361 ; 1 R. 408; 4 Wh. 78 ; 
 5 Wh. 504 ; 8 W. & S. 311 ; 12 H. 109 ; 2 Gr. 393 ; 
 1 S. 102; 14 S. 261. 
 
 4. Deposit in bank equivalent to, 5 Wh. 505. 
 
 5. Admission by, 6 W. 74. 
 
 6. On arbitration, 16 S. 158. 
 
 7. When unnecessary, 3 P. & W. 33 ; IS. 102. 
 
 8. When no time is named for payment, 2 P. & W. 63. 
 
 9. When no place is named for payment, 2 P. & W. 63. 
 
 10. To whom made for cestui que trust, 16 S. k R. 425. 
 
 11. To WHOM made for infant, 1 R. 408. 
 
 12. Effect of on verdict, 10 S. & R. 207; 6 W. 264 ; 4 
 
 Wh. 78; 10 H.492; 3 Wr. Ill; 16 S. 158, 159. 
 
 13. By railroad company for land damages, 2 Gr. 32. 
 
 See Railroads. 
 
 14. Effect op on costs, 10 S. &R. 207; 6 W. 264; 4 Wh. 
 
 78 ; 10 H. 492; 3 Wr. Ill ; 16 S. 158, 159. 
 
 15. In assignats, 4 D. 326. 
 
 16. Of chose in action in payment of judgment cred- 
 
 itor, 6 S. 82. 
 
 17. In bills of credit, 1 D. 407. 
 
 18. In continental money, 1 D. 407; 2 D. 132. 
 
 19. In paper money of North Carolina, 3 Y. 321. 
 
 20. In specific articles, 2 P. & W. 301 ; 5 W. 262. 
 
 21. Effect of refusal to accept, 10 S. & R. 207. 
 
 22. Waiver op right to object to, 5 S. & R. 323. 
 
776 TENDER— TERRE TENANT. 
 
 TET^'D'ER— continued. 
 
 23. On rescission of contract, 3 Y. 531; 2 W. 438; 5 
 
 W. 323; 12 H. 154; 6 C. 145, 147; 8 Wr. 9, 12; 7 
 S. 482; 11 S. 427 ; 19 S. 249 ; 20 S. 56. 
 
 24. Amendment op, 8 W. & S. 172. 
 
 II. Of goods. 
 
 1. By carrier to consignee, 5 W. & S. 123. 
 
 2. Under contract to deliver, 4 S. 291. 
 
 III. Op judgment, 4 W. 389; 4 Wh. 78 ; 1 Barr 38; 12 C. 
 445; 3 Wr. 111. 
 
 IV. Of bond by railroad company. 
 
 As indemnity for damages, 6 Wr. 303. 
 
 V. Op accord and satisfaction. 
 
 When insufficient, 5 Wr. 97. See Accord and Satis- 
 faction. 
 
 VI. Of title. 
 
 By vendor, 3 Y. 344 ; 2 S. & R. 498 ; 3 S. & R. 228 ; 9 
 S. & R. 14 ; 11 S. & R. 168, 445 ; 16 S. & R. 371 ; 
 2 W. 132, 478; 4 W. 465; 5 W. 164, 509; 6 W. 
 163; 9 W. 311; 1 W. & S. 480; 8 W. & S. 172; 
 . 8 Barr 272; 2 H. 308; 3 H. 429; 8 C. 43; 17 S. 
 25. See Sales, XIII. 
 TERM. 
 Of court. 
 
 1. What is a, 5 C. 335; 2 Wr. 270; 14 S. 451. 
 
 2. Continued by adjournment, 9 W. 200 ; 14 S. 451. 
 
 TERMINUS. 
 
 Of roads. See Roads. 
 
 TERM REPORTS. 
 Authority of, 1 D. 272. 
 
 TERMS OF ART. 
 
 1. What are, 11 S. 202. 
 
 2. Use op in contract. See Contract. 
 
 TERRE TENANT. 
 
 I. Who is, in law, 16 S. & R. 425 ; 1 P. & W. 71 ; 1 H. 
 
 ■38; 8 Barr 486; 6 Wr. 389; 1 S. 212. 
 
 II. Proof of when not named in writ, 1 Wr. 263. 
 
 III. Rights op. 
 
 1. To notice of proceedings affecting land, 2 B. 218, 
 228; 16 S. &R. 425; 3 R. 273; 1 P. & W. 71, 152; 
 3 P. & W. 229 ; 2 W. 373 ; 4 W. 372 ; 3 W. & S. 
 114; 5 W. & S. 352 ; 2 Barr 113; 7 Barr 255; 9 Barr 
 
TERKE TENANT— TESTAMENTARY. 777 
 
 TERRE TmiA'NT— continued. 
 
 249; 1 J. 262; 1 H. 16; 8 H. 256; 5 C. 342; 2 
 S. 525. 
 
 2. Effect of omission of service on, 1 S. & R. 540 ; 1 
 
 P. & W. 71 ; 6 C. 63 ; 2 S. 525. 
 
 3. To DEFEND IN EJECTMENT, 1 W. 491, 494 ; 5 W. 531 ; 
 
 7 W. 20, 43; 5 WL 170; 4 Barr 80. 
 
 4. To DEFEND IN SCIRE FACIAS. 
 
 &ur mortgage, 1 W. 491 ; 1 W. & S. 544; 4 Barr 80; 1 
 
 H. 4 ; 2 S. 525. 
 Sur judgment, 2 B. 218; 16 S. & R. 425; 1 P. & W. 
 
 152; 3 P. & W. 229 ; 1 W. 424; 10 W. 87; 3 W. 
 
 & S. 470; 7 Barr 128, 255; 10 Barr 381 ; 1 H. 38 ; 
 
 3 H. 36 ; 2 C. 184 ; 10 C. 415 ; 12 C. 463 ; 1 )Yr. 263. 
 
 5. To REVIVE JUDGMENT, 2 C. 184; 5 W. 487. 
 
 6. To BENEFIT OF EXEMPTION LaW, 3 Wr. 509. 
 
 7. Effect of discharge op, on scire facias, 3 W. & S. 114. 
 
 8. To costs on scire facias, 10 W. 87. 
 
 9. to sub out writ of error, 2 w. 294 ; 2 s. 295. 
 
 10. as against judgment creditor of vendor, 3 h. 382. 
 
 11. Competency to testify in scire facias sur mechanics' 
 
 LIEN, 4 W. & S. 257. 
 
 IV. Liability op. 
 
 1. To suit for legacy charged on land, 4 S. & R. 213 ; 
 
 7 Barr 241, 246. 
 
 2. To scire facias. 
 
 Sur mortgage, 1 W. 491 ; 1 W. & S. 544 ; 4 Barr 80 ; 1 
 H. 4 ; 2 S. 525. 
 
 Sur judgment, 2 B. 218 ; 16 S. & R. 425 ; 1 P. & "W. 152 ; 
 3 P. & W. 229 ; 1 W. 424 ; 10 W. 87 ; 3 W. & S. 
 470; 7 Barr 128, 255; 10 Barr 381; 1 H. 38 ; 3 
 H. 36 ; 2 C. 184 ; 10 C. 415 ; 12 C. 463 ; 1 Wr. 263. 
 
 3. On judgment revived without notice, 5 W. & S. 
 
 352 ; 1 J. 266. 
 
 4. On opening judgment for defence, 2 W. 233. 
 
 5. For costs on scire facias, 5 B. 260; 5 H. 64; 7 H. 
 
 449. 
 
 6. For interest due widow and charged on land, 8 W. 
 
 & S. 391. 
 
 V. Payment op mortgage given by one op several, 6 C. 
 
 378. 
 
 TESTAMENTARY. 
 I. Capacity. See Will. 
 
778 TESTAMENTARY— "THREE WEEKS BEFORE." 
 
 TESTAMENTARY— conimwed 
 
 II. Charges. 
 
 1. "What are, 1 C. 292. 
 
 2. Lien of, 14 Wr. 518. 
 
 3. Remedy to recover, 9 W. 19, 60 ; 5 Barr 240, 241 ; 7 
 
 Barr 244. See Devise ; Legacy. 
 
 III. Gift or grant. 
 
 1. Validity op, 5 Barr 254 ; 1 S. 126 ; 2 S. 338 ; 18 S. 
 
 233. 
 
 2. Distinguished from contracts, 1 C. 292; 1 S. 126; 
 
 18 S. 233. 
 
 IV. Guardianship. 
 
 When it ceases, 1 J. 272. 
 
 V. Intention. 
 
 When evidence in issue devisavit vel non, 4 Wr. 483. 
 
 VI. Trust. See Trust. 
 
 VII. Trustees. See Trustees. 
 
 " Them," meaning of in legacy, 9 W. 349. 
 
 " Then," in legacy, construed, 8 H. 353 ; 4 S. 245. 
 
 TESTATUM WRITS. 
 
 1. When proper, 1 D. 330 ; 1 Y. 339 ; 4 Y. 22, 136. 
 
 2. Arrest under, 3 W. & S. 495. 
 
 3. Lien of, 8 S. & R. 505; 5 W. 87 ; 16 S. 216. 
 
 4. Proceedings under, 8 H. 170; 16 S. 216. 
 
 5. Acknowledgment of deed on sale under, 8 H. 170. 
 
 6. Striking off of, 9 Wr. 113. 
 
 7. Effect of division of county on, 1 Barr 153. 
 
 TESTIMONY. 
 
 Withdrawal of from jury. See Evidence. 
 Notes of, when evidence. See Evidence 4. 
 
 THREATENING LETTERS. 
 Indictment for sending, 2 D. 299. 
 
 THREATS. 
 
 1. By one of several defendants, effect of, 3 S. & R. 9. 
 
 2. Validity of on deed procured by, 12 H. 847; 10 C. 
 
 365. 
 
 3. Evidence of on trial for murder, 14 Wr. 19. 
 
 "THREE WEEKS BEFORE." 
 Notice thus required, when complied with, 11 Wr. 166. 
 
TILGHMAN— TIME. 779 
 
 TILGHMAN, WILLIAM. 
 
 1. Appointment as judge, 4 Y. 278. 
 
 2. EULOGIUM ON BY HORACE BiNNEY, 16 S. & R. 457. 
 
 3. Settlement op estate of, 5 Wh. 44, 66. 
 
 TIMBER. 
 
 1. Contract for sale of, how affected by Statute of 
 
 Frauds, 9 C. 376 ; 3 S. 206 ; 11 S. 294 ; 19 S. 480. 
 
 2. How far right to soil passes on sale of, 3 H. 380 ; 2 
 
 Barr 260. 
 
 3. Warranty of title on sale of, 15 S. 201, 203. 
 
 4. Reservation of, construed, 2 H. 288 ; 3 H. 380; 2 Barr 
 
 290; 19 S. 64. 
 
 5. Timber leave, sale of construed, 19 S. 456. 
 
 6. Right of tenant to, 7 C. 44. 
 
 7. When cutting is waste, 5 C. 382 ; 19 S. 474. 
 
 8. Replevin for, 2 R. 423 ; 5 S. 172. 
 
 9. Trover for, 2 W. 172, 175 ; 4 H. 254 ; 5 S. 172. 
 
 10. Trespass for cutting, 4 W. 221 ; 2 J. 195 ; 3 H. 371 ; 
 
 4 H. 254 ; 9 C. 489. 
 
 11. Act of 1824 relative to, construed, 4 H. 254. 
 
 12. Measure of damages for cutting, 5 S. 176 ; 7 S. 301 ; 
 
 15 S. 204, 212. 
 
 13. Liability of purchaser of, 9 C. 489. 
 
 14. Indictment for injury to, 7 Barr 439. 
 
 15. Measurer op, presumption in favor op acts of, 1 S. 259. 
 
 16. Growing on public road, ownership of, 1 Barr 337 ; 
 
 8 Barr 294. 
 
 TIME. 
 
 I. Statute 21 H. III., relative to, construed, 4 Barr 517. 
 
 II. Computation of. 
 
 1. When time for doing an act is prescribed, 1 S. & 
 
 R. 411, 441 ; 3 S. & R. 395; 15 S. & R. 135; 3 P. 
 &W. 48,200; 2W. 283; 6 W. 34, 40; 3 W. & S. 154 ; 
 2 Barr 492 ; 4 Barr 516 ; 4 H. 14 ; 5 H. 49 ; 7 C. 218, 
 522; 4 Wr. 372; 11 Wr. 156; 2 Gr. 130, 446. 
 
 2. Sunday, when excluded in, 4 Wr. 372. 
 
 3. On note and bills payable at a certain time after 
 
 DATE, 6 S. & R. 539; 6 W. & S. 179; 2 Barr 492. 
 
 4. On expiration of lease, 12 H. 272; 2 Gr. 446. 
 
780 TIME— TITLE. 
 
 TIME— continued. 
 
 5. As TO FRACTIONS OF A DAY. See FRACTIONS OF A DaY. 
 
 6. In construing statutes, 3 Y. 89; 1 B. 592; 3 S. & R. 
 
 169; 3 P. & W. 201; 4 H. 14; 5 C. 522; 11 Wr. 
 156 ; 14 S. 240. 
 
 7. In construing contracts, 4 D. 347; 2 Y. 374; 5 S. 
 
 & R. 373, 427; 11 S. & R. 445, 450; 4 R. 26; IP. 
 & W. 264; 2 P. & W. 48; 5 W. 420; 9 W. 49 ; 2 J. 
 97; 3 H. 429; 6 H. 91; 2 C. 245; 7 C. 215, 314; 8 
 C. 205; 11 C. 125. 
 
 8. When time is of the essence of a contract, 4 D. 
 
 347; 1 P. & W. 264; 2 P. & W. 48; 2 C. 245; 8 C. 
 205; 2 J. 97. See Contract 30. 
 
 9. On -writ from Justices' Court, 1 B. 392 ; 5 H. 48. 
 
 10. On appeal, 1 S. & R. 411 ; 3 P. & W. 200. See Ap- 
 
 peal, III. 
 
 11. On notice under rule of court, 4 Wr. 372; 12 Wr. 
 
 309. 
 
 12. On motion for new trial, 2 D. 150; 1 Y. 155; 1 B. 
 
 392,458; 4 B. 373. 
 
 13. On rule for non pros., 2 S. & R. 167. 
 
 14. On notice to quit, 14 S. 240. 
 
 TIN PEDDLERS. 
 
 Right of, under license, 2 W. 298. 
 
 TIPPLING HOUSE. 
 
 Discharge of party on conviction for, 8 W. & S. 374. 
 
 TITLE. 
 
 I. To LAND. 
 
 1. Not to be tried in personal action, 3 S. & R. 509, 
 
 516; 6 S. & R. 476 ; 10 S. & R. 114, 219; 2 R. 423; 
 2 W. 126, 173; 10 W. 455; 3 H. 513; 4 Wr. 250; 1 
 S. 102; 12 S. 97. 
 
 2. Not proved by assessment and payment of taxes. 
 
 See Taxes 5. 
 
 3. Origin of in Pennsylvania, 11 Wr. 393. 
 
 4. Presumption in favor of, 1 W. & S. 326 ; 7 W. & S. 
 
 216 ; 7 C. 172. 
 
 5. Confirmation of by neglect of owner to disaffirm, 
 
 2 Gr. 98. 
 
 6. Legal and equitable, discussed, 12 W. 147 ; 1 Wr. 
 
 31. See also, Equitable Title ; Legal Title. 
 
TITLE— TON. 781 
 
 TITLE — continued. 
 
 7. By occupancy. See Occupancy. 
 
 8. Under Statute of Limitations. See Statute of 
 
 Limitations. 
 
 9. Allodial, 8 "Wr. 692. 
 
 Arising from payment of purchase-money, 3 Wr. 463 ; 10 
 Wr. 83. 
 
 10. Confirmation of by patent, 11 Wr. 393, 
 
 11. Carrying of back, by relation, 9 S. & R. 302 ; 4 R. 
 
 146; 7 W. 270 ; 1 H. 202; 5 H. 467. 
 
 12. Slander of, 13 S. 49. 
 
 II. To PERSONAL property. 
 
 1. When not divested by payment of purchase-money. 
 
 See Sale. 
 
 2. When it vests on sale. See Sale op Personal Pro- 
 
 perty. 
 
 TITLE DEEDS. 
 
 1. Right of mortgagee to hold, 1 Y. 173. 
 
 2. Equitable mortgage by delivery of, 1 R. 325 ; 3 P. & 
 
 W. 239; 3Barr 283. 
 
 3. Waiver of right to call for proof of, 4 Wh. 114. 
 
 4. On record, protection of by court, 7 W. 86. 
 
 5. Necessary link in chain op, when presumed, 11 Wr. 
 
 187. 
 TOLL BRIDGE. 
 
 Is real estate, 4 W. 341. 
 
 TOLL COLLECTOR. 
 
 Liability of surety of, 8 Barr, 444. 
 
 TOLL HOUSE. 
 
 Taxation of, 1 J. 202. 
 
 TOLLS. 
 
 1. Definition op, 4 S. 310; 15 S. 210, 242. 
 
 2. Liability of to lien of judgment, 5 W. & S. 265. 
 
 3. Sale of timber for payment of, 15 S. 242, 252. 
 
 4. On turnpikes. See Turnpike. 
 
 5. On canals. See Canals. 
 
 "TOLLS, PROFITS AND EMOLUMENTS." 
 
 Meaning of in lease of canal, 5 S. 403. 
 
 TON. 
 
 What constitutes a, 1 C. 114 ; 5 C. 27. 
 
782 TONNAGE TAX— TOWNSHIP. 
 
 TONNAGE TAX. 
 
 On Pennsylvania Railroad Company, constitutional, 3 Gr. 128. 
 
 TORT FEASOR. 
 
 Right of to bring suit, 10 W. 453. 
 
 TORTS. 
 
 1. Waiver of, 1 D. 223; 3 D. 357; 1 Y. 248 ; 10 W. 431 ; 
 
 2 H. 295 ; 9 H. 394 ; 11 C. 351 ; 2 Gr. 199 ; 1 S. 77 ; 
 
 12 S. 286 ; 14 S. 58, 383. See Waiver.' 
 
 2. Of wife. See Husband, VI. 3. 
 
 3. Action for. See Case. 
 
 4. Justification op servant for commission of, 15 S. 
 
 254. 
 
 TOTAL LOSS. See Insurance, Marine. 
 
 TOW BOAT. 
 
 1. Owners op not common carriers, G H. 40; 1 S. 134; 
 
 13 S. 51. 
 
 2. Liability op owner of, 6 H. 40. 
 
 3. Duty and liability op captain of, 1 S. 134 ; 19 S. 36. 
 
 TOWN CHARTER. 
 
 Copy of when evidence, 5 Wr. 330. 
 
 TOWN PLOT. 
 
 1. When evidence, 10 Barr 93 ; 4 Wr.. 506 ; 5 Wr. 63; 20 
 
 S. 199. 
 
 2. Effect op deed referring to streets, &c., in, 12 Wr. 
 
 253; 6 S. 431; 17 S. 9; 19 S. 342; 20 S. 199. 
 
 3. Proof of authenticity of, 1 J. 434 ; 10 Barr 93 ; 4 H. 
 
 79; 4 Wr. 506. 
 
 4. Action for selling lots by town plot, calling for 
 
 streets that have no existence, 6 S. 431. 
 
 TOWNSHIP. 
 
 I. Definition of, 4 D. 265. 
 
 II. Location of. 
 
 How ascertained, 2 J. 66. 
 
 III. Action by, in corporate name, 2 R. 347 ; 7 W. & S. 
 197. 
 
 IV. Alteration and division of. 
 
 1. By the legislature, 8 S. 471. 
 
 2. Jurisdiction of Quarter Sessions as to, 9 W. & S. 
 
 22; 6 H. 3r2; 9 C 336; 3 Gr. 261; 18 S. 340. 
 
 3. Notice of proceeding for, 1 Barr 97 ; 8 H. 324 ; 11 
 
 Wr. 150. 
 
TOWNSHIP— TOWNSHIP OFFICERS. 783 
 
 TOYfSSIIlV— continued. 
 
 4. As TO FORM OF PETITION FOE, 3 R. 459. 
 
 5. Oeder for, 3 R. 459 ; 5 W. 451 ; 9 W. & S. 22 ; 5 
 
 Barr 447. 
 
 6. Submission of question to vote of inhabitants, 8 
 
 Barr 391 ; 11 Wr. 156. 
 
 7. Report on, 2 S. & R. 402 ; 14 S. & R. 67 ; 3 R. 459 ; 
 
 2W. 269; 1 Barr 97 ; 5 Barr 447; 1 J. 270; 9 C. 
 366; 7 C. 302; 18 S. 340. 
 
 8. Exceptions to, 14 S. & R. 67 ; 1 Barr 97 ; 8 Barr 23; 
 
 7 C. 303. 
 
 9. Presumption in favor of, 9 W. 248. 
 
 10. AVhbn and for what recommitted, 18 S. 340. 
 
 11. What heard in Supreme Court, on appeal from, 8 
 
 Barr 23. 
 
 V. Effect of. 
 
 1. On support of poor. See Pauper, IV. 7. 
 
 2. On township debts, 3 0. 107. 
 
 3. On taxes on unseated lands, 9 W. 168. 
 
 4. On commission of justice. See Justice of the 
 
 Peace. 
 
 VI. Action by, against supervisor, 1 C. 75. 
 
 VII. Liability of. 
 
 1. For contracts of supervisor, 8 W. 125; 2 J. 33; 12 
 
 H. 449. 
 
 2. For neglect of supervisor, 5 W. & S. 545; 6 II. 66; 
 
 10 H. 54, 385; 6 S. 204; 13 S. 296; 18 S. 404. 
 
 3. For balance due supervisor, 4 W. & S. 215. 
 
 4. To QUO warranto, 1 J. 61. 
 
 VIII. Powers of. 
 
 To issue bonds and assess taxes to pay substitutes, 3 S. 
 217. See also, Bounties. 
 
 IX. Right of. 
 
 Against county for defaulting treasurer, 11 Wr. 162. 
 
 X. Judgment against, transferred to new county, 3 C. 
 
 107. 
 
 TOWNSHIP OFFICERS. 
 
 1. Personal liability of, 13 Wr. 151. 
 
 2. Cannot be voted for when there is no vacancy, 11 C. 
 
 263. 
 
 3. Appeal from decree of Common Pleas on accounts of, 
 
 11 S. 342. 
 
784 TOWNSHIP OEDBRS— TEANSITORY ACTIONS. 
 
 TOWNSHIP ORDERS. 
 
 1. Nature of, 7 H. 200. 
 
 TOWNSHIP ROADS. 
 
 Power of supervisor to construct. See Supervisoe. 
 
 TOWNSHIP TAXES. See Taxes. 
 
 TOWNSHIP TREASURER. 
 
 Liability of on settlement, 11 S. 290. 
 
 TRADE. 
 
 Conditions in restraint of. See Conditions 5. 
 
 TRADE MARKS. 
 
 Counterfeiting of, restrained in equity, 10 S. 156. 
 
 TRAMWAYS. 
 
 When a nuisance, 11 Wr. 428. 
 
 TRANSCRIPT. 
 
 1. Of balance on account op administrator, &c., 11 S. & 
 
 R. 252; 4 W. 71; 3 Barr 370. See Administrator. 
 
 2. From justices' docket. See Justice of the Peace. 
 
 3. Sole evidence, on plea of nul tiel record, 6 W. & S. 
 
 50. 
 
 TRANSFER. 
 
 1. Op judgments, 4 Barr 295; 8 Barr 97, 182; 10 C. 297; 
 
 2 Wr. 16. See Judgment, XV. 
 
 2. Of negotiable paper. See Bills and Notes. 
 
 3. Of specialties. See Bond. 
 
 4. Op personal property. See Sale of Personal Pro- 
 
 perty. 
 
 5. Of real property. See Deed; Sale of Real Property. 
 
 TRANSIT OF GOODS. 
 When ended, 2 Gr. 309. See Stoppage in Transitu. 
 
 TRANSIT OF MERCHANDISE. See Stoppage in 
 
 TRANSITU. 
 
 TRANSITORY ACTIONS. 
 
 1. What are. See Actions. 
 
 2. Trial to land title in, 3 S. & R. 509, 516; 6 S. & R. 
 
 476 ; 10 S. & R. 114, 219 ; 2 R. 423 : 2 W. 126, 173 ; 10 
 W. 454; 3 H. 513; 4 Wr. 250; 1 S. 102; 12 S. 97. 
 
TKANSPOKTATION CO.— TKEATY OF PEACE. 785 
 
 TRANSPORTATION COMPANY. See Carribes; Rail- 
 road Company. 
 
 TRAVELLER. 
 
 Duty of, in crossing railroad, 4 S. 192 ; 6 S. 220 ; 12 S. 329 ; 
 16 S. 30. 
 
 TRAVERSE OF MANDAMUS, 1 Wr. 277 ; 2 Wr. \.U' ; 1 S. 
 221. 
 
 TREASON. 
 
 1. Definition of, 1 D. 35, 57; 2D. 87, 846, 347, 356. 
 
 2. Who capable of committing, 1 D. 35; 2D. 373. 
 
 3. Bail in, 3 D. 17. 
 
 4. Indictment for, 1 D. 35. 
 
 Copy of to be given to defendant, 1 D. 33; 2D. 335,. 
 342. 
 
 5. Trial for. 
 
 Number of jurors, 2 D. 335, 342. 
 
 Names and additions of jurors, 1 D. 33; 2D. 335, 342. 
 
 Time to defendant to procure witnesses, 2 D. 843. 
 
 6. Evidence on. 
 
 Of confession, 2 D. 86. 
 
 Of overt acts, 1 D. 33, 39 ; 2D. 347. 
 
 Declarations of defendant as to intention, 1 D. 33. 
 
 7. New trial in, 8 D. 515. 
 
 8. Punishment for, 3 W. & S. 510. 
 
 9. Effect of pardon, 2 Gr. 158. 
 
 TREASURER. /S'ee County, State and Township. 
 
 TREASURER'S SALE. 
 
 1. Of unseated land. See Unseated Land. 
 
 2. Of seated lands. 
 
 Prerequisites, 2 Wr. 48 ; IS. 81. 
 
 3. Redemption after, 1 S. 31. 
 
 TREASURE TROVE. 
 Definition of, 2 Wr. 491. 
 
 TREASURY NOTES. 
 
 When a legal tender, 1 S.' 425; 2 S. 9, 109; 4 S. 71; 6 S. 
 115; 11 S. 263; 14 S. 254. 
 
 TREATY OF PEACE. 
 
 Effect of. 
 
 1. On private contract, 3 D. 230. 
 
 50 
 
786 TEESPASS. 
 
 TREATY OF VEAGE—continued. 
 
 2. On state legislatures, 3 D. 235. 
 
 3. On private debts, 3 D. 240. 
 
 4. On previous attaint, 1 D. 233. 
 
 TRESPASS. 
 
 I. What acts constitute, 1 J. 264. 
 
 II. What will excuse, 7 S. 187. 
 
 III. Not inferred from mere entry on land, 2 W. & S. 
 225; 1 Barr 238; 10 Wr. 385; 11 Wr. 387. 
 
 IV. Right of action for, not lost by subsequent sale of 
 
 PROPERTY, 14 S. 495. 
 Right of action for, does not pass to vendee of property, 
 14 S. 495. 
 
 V. Action of. 
 
 1. Distinguished from case, 1 Y. 586 ; 2 S. & R. 350 
 
 3 S. & R. 215 ; 4 S. & R. 19 ; 6 S. & R. 343; 12 S 
 
 6 R. 210; 7 W. 62, 214; 8 W. 227; 1 J. 300; 3 C 
 26; 6 C. 344; 8 C. 168; 3 Wr. 147, 177; 14 Wr, 
 495; 1 S. 190; 14 S. 141. 
 
 2. Basis of right to sub in, 2 S. & R. 358 ; 6 W. 468 
 
 3 H. 31, 215, 317 ; 2 Wr. 517; 10 Wr. 463. 
 
 3. As TO POSSESSION requsitb for, 1 Y. 154 ; 2 Y. 210 
 
 4 Y. 218 ; 3 S. & R. 513 ; 4 S. & R. 19 ; 10 S. & R 
 317; 2 W. 180; 5 W. 543; 6 W. 468; 3 W. & S, 
 504; 6 W. & S. 323; 1 Barr 238; 2 Barr 291; 10 
 Barr 217; 3 H. 31, 34, 215, 317; 10 H. 398; 11 H 
 515; 12 H. 471 ; 1 C. 137, 186; 12 C. 320; 2 Wr 
 517; 10 Wr. 463; 2 S. 408, 410; 3 S. 313; 11 S 
 302; 16 S. 210. 
 
 4. As to force, 2 S. & R. 358. 
 
 5. Who liable as principal, 8 Barr 217. 
 
 6. Against joint trespassers. 
 
 Effect of verdict against one, 3 W. & S. 103. 
 
 7. For personal injury, 3 S. & R. 139 ; 6 S. & R. 175 ; 
 
 10 S. & R. 188, 399; 12 S. & R. 210 ; 3 P. & W. 176 ; 
 
 7 W. 62; 8 Barr 454. 
 
 8. For injury to personal property, 8 W. 282; 2 C. 
 
 467. 
 
 9. For taking personal property, 5 B. 285 ; 14 S. & R. 
 
 399; 7 W. 337; 8 W. 282; 7 W. & S. 14; 1 Barr 
 190, 238; 5 Barr 337; 10 Barr 217; 3 H. 31; 5 H. 
 
TKESPASS. 787 
 
 TRESPASS— conimwei. 
 
 28; 10 C. 201; 10 Wr. 457, 463; 11 Wr. 38T, 514; 
 2 Gr. 320; 2 ,S. 408. 
 
 10. For injury to real property, 8 W. & S. 189 ; 2 Barr 
 
 289 ; 1 C. 186 ; 5 C. 200 ; 11 C. 364 ; 12 C. 320; 11 
 S. 302. 
 
 11. For injury done by animals, 7 W. & S. 367 ; 7 Barr 
 
 254; 7 H. 359. 
 
 12. For interfering with fishery, 1 Wh. 122. 
 
 13. For occupying surface of public road, 1 Barr 336. 
 
 14. For abuse or misuse of license, 12 C. 313. 
 
 15. For cutting timber, 5 S. 176. See Timber. 
 
 16. Against corporation, 4 S. & R. 6 ; 3 W. & S. 103, 
 
 460. 
 
 17. Against parent for tort of son, 3 Wr. 177. 
 
 18. Against co-tenant, 3 Wr. 427 ; 4 Wr. 45. 
 
 19. Against street commissioner, 4 Wr. 284. 
 
 20. For taking stone, which had been collected prom 
 
 river, 2 Wr. 380. 
 
 21. For mesne profits. See Mesne Profits. 
 
 22. For removing material of line fence, 11 Wr. 514. 
 
 23. For taking property, under act prohibiting sale 
 
 op liquor near religious meeting, 10 wr. 457. 
 
 24. Waiver of, 2 S. & R. 358 ; 7 W. 337. 
 
 25. Continuing, included in one suit, 11 Wr. 387. 
 
 26. Bail in, 6 B. 302. 
 
 27. Jurisdiction of justice in. See Justice of the Peace. 
 
 28. Service of writ in adjoining county, 2 Wr. 300 ; 7 
 
 H. 384. 
 
 29. Declaration in. 
 
 As to force, 2 S. & R. 358. 
 
 As to description of close, 6 W. 516 ; 9 H. 288. 
 
 As to continuing trespass, 1 D. 411, 450 ; 3 S. & R. 203. 
 
 Joinder with trover, 2 S. & R. 358. 
 
 30. Pleas in. 
 
 Liberum tenementum, 4 W. 377 ; 5 Wh. 359. 
 Not guilty, effect of, 13 S. 36. 
 
 31. Evidence in. 
 
 For plaintiff, 4 Y. 317 ; 5 B. 285 ; 3 S. & R. 204 ; 4 W. 
 377; 6 W. 34; 7 W. 62; 5 Wh. 358; 3 W. & S. 
 541 ; 5 W. & S. 524; 5 Barr 338 ; 9 H. 288 ; 11 H. 
 424 ; 7 C. 304 ; 12 C. 320 ; 10 Wr. 186. 
 
788 TRESPASS— TRIAL. 
 
 TRESPASS— continued. 
 
 For defendant, 1 D. 63; 2 B. 209; 3 B. 215, 404; 6 B. 
 123; 6 S. & R. 34; 10 S. & R. 357; 4 W. 377; 5 
 W. 543; 6 W. 34; 1 Wh. 269; 4 Wh. 389; 3 W. & 
 S. 103; 5 W. & S. 548; 6 W. & S. 323; 8 W. (S S. 
 189; 6 Barr 318; 3 H. 23; 9 Wr. 121. 
 
 Competency of witnesses in, 8 W. & S. 71 ; 1 H. 146; 8 
 C. 364; 4 Wr. 515; 9 Wr. 166; 10 Wr. 186. 
 
 32. Damages in, 6 S. & R. 286; 3 W. 86; 4 W. 221; 5 W. 
 
 375; IWh. 319; 3 W. & S. 541; 8 Barr 55; 2 J. 195 
 ' 4 H. 254; 9 H. 266; 11 H. 523; 9 C. 489; 10 C. 48 
 12 C. 320; 8 Wr. 156; 11 Wr. 118, 387; 10 S. 48 
 11 S. 302. 
 
 33. Verdict in. 
 
 In favor of one or more of defendants, 3 W. 460 ; 11 C. 
 
 237. 
 Against two or more of defendants, 3 W. 460. 
 On plea of liberum tenementum, 7 W. 367 ; 9 W. 341. 
 Effect of, on title to personal property, 1 R. 121. 
 When evidence in subsequent trial, 1 Barr 295; 10 Barr 
 
 488. 
 
 34. Costs in, 5 Y. 1; 4 S. & R. 417; 6 S. & R. 87; 2 P. & 
 
 W. 137; 2 H. 357; 7 H. 384. . 
 
 TRESPASSER. 
 
 1. On Commonwealth lands, 4 S. & R. 467. 
 
 2. Occupancy bt. See Occupancy. 
 
 3. Conveyance by, 7 S. & R. 173. 
 
 4. Acquisition of right by, 10 H. 381; 9 C. 131. See 
 
 Adverse Possession. 
 
 5. Right of, to disprove adverse claim of ownership, 10 
 
 H. 381. 
 
 6. May testify against himself, 1 H. 146. 
 
 7. Right of, to action for wanton injury, 9 S. 129. 
 
 TRIAL. 
 
 1. By jury, discussed, 3 S. & R. 128; 16 S. & R. 349; 12 
 
 H. 289; 4 Wr. 864, 462; 6 Wr. 89; 2 Gr. 66. 
 
 2. Record must show full twelve jurors on, 3 S. & R. 
 
 237. 
 
 8. On several pleas, 1 Wr. 894. 
 
 4. Without plea or issue, 8 Barr 501 ; 19 S. 409. 
 
 5. Confined to the action before the court, 1 D. 127. 
 
 6. Where there are two narrs. on file, 2 Barr 89. 
 
 7. By proviso rule, 2 D. 109, 110. 
 
TRIAL— TEOVER. 789 
 
 TRIAL — continued. 
 
 8. Notice of. 
 
 When given, 2 D. 96. 
 When sufficient, 2 D. 96. 
 When unnecessary, 1 Y. 302. 
 When fixed by the court, 1 Y. 35. 
 
 9. Postponement of. 
 
 For absence of witnesses, &c. See Continuance. 
 To allow settlement, 1 Y. 18. 
 
 10. Rule for, 1 D. 248, 251, 347, 400, 405; 2 D. 105; 1 Y. 
 
 166. 
 
 11. Right of paetnbr to alter defence under Act of 1866, 
 
 5 R. 175. 
 
 12. Allusions to previous award on verdict, improper, 4 
 
 R. 305. 
 
 13. Admissions on. See Admissions. 
 
 14. Party not bound to prove whole of opening, 1 P. & 
 
 W. 383. 
 
 15. On merits. 
 
 What cured by, 17 S. & R. 116 ; 5 W. 69 ; 2 W. & S. 
 261; 4 W. & S. 473; 4 Barr 29 ; 9 Barr 189 ; 2 H. 
 513; 12 H. 404; 1 0. 61; 3 Gr. 268; 16 S. 162; 
 19 S. 456. 
 
 16. At special court. See Special Court. 
 
 17. In criminal case. 
 
 When it begins, 11 H. 12. 
 
 Motion for separate, must appear on record, 5 C. 429. 
 
 Waiver by trial on merits, 5 C. 429. 
 
 Motion in arrest of judgment overruled by sentence, 5 C. 
 445. 
 
 New trial awarded for error, where jury have power to de- 
 termine law and fact, 2 Gr. 66. 
 
 New trial not allowed when verdict is for defendant, 2 
 Gr. 66. 
 
 Power of court over verdicts in, 2 Gr. 66. 
 
 TRIAL LIST. 
 
 1. Publication of, 3 Gr. 66. 
 
 2. Not part op the record, 1 P. & W. 134. 
 
 3. Not to include case on argument list, 6 Barr 376. 
 
 4. Memoranda on, 1 P. & W. 133; 1 J. 399. 
 
 5. Not strictly observed in order, 3 W. & S. 182. 
 
 TROVER. 
 
 1. Is transitory, 7 W. 172. 
 
790 TKOVER. 
 
 TROVER — continued. 
 
 2. When it libs, 2 D. 81; 2 Y. 537 ; 5 B. 285 ; 5 S. & R. 
 
 509; 7 S. & R. 182; 10 S. & R. 114; 12 S. & R. 89, 
 272 ; 17 S. & R. 281 ; 1 R. 353 ; 4 R. 185 ; 2 W. 172, 
 175; SW. 277; 8 W. 283; 9 W. 172; 10 W. 454 ; 8 
 W. & S. 302 ; 8 Barr 294; 3 H. 509 ; 1 C. 155 ; 4 Wr. 
 250; 5 Wr. 42, 291, 357; 9 Wr. 121; 2 S. 370; 5 S. 
 172 ; 6 S. 115; 16 S. 329; 19 S. 403. 
 
 3. Waivek of trespass in, 2 S. & R. 358. 
 
 4. Barred by previous replevin and property bond, 18 
 
 S. 221. 
 
 5. Demand when and when not necessary, 7 S: 365 ; 8 S. 
 
 83. 
 
 6. Parties to. 
 
 PlaintiiFs, 7 S. & R. 182; 8 Barr 442; 5 H. 373; 7 C. 
 
 155 ; 8 Wr. 295 ; 2 S. 370 ; 16 S. 329. 
 Defendants, 4 R. 120 ; 4 W. 432 ; 9 W. 172 ; 5 H. 28 ; 
 
 16 S. 329. 
 
 7. Abatement by death of, 6 S. & R. 272. 
 
 8. Declaration in, 2 Y. 537 ; 13 S. & R. 99 ; 3 W. 333 ; 5 
 
 Barr 211 ; 4 Wr. 359 ; 19 S. 403. 
 
 9. Evidence for plaintiff. 
 
 Of ownership, 1 Y. 19 ; 2 Barr 318 ; 3 Barr 466 ; 10 H. 
 
 471; 3Wr. 521; 12 Wr. 437; 13 Wr. 73; 6 S. 
 
 115. 
 Of conversion, 6 S. & R. 300 ; 4 W. 418 ; 4 Wh. 508; 6 
 
 Wh. 577; 8 Barr 442.; 3 Wr. 521; 2 Gr. 393; 6 
 
 S. 454; 7 S. 365; 8 S. 70, 83. 
 Of value of articles sued for, 10 C. 451; 13 S. 77. 
 
 10. Evidence for defendant, 3 S. & R. 509 ; 2 R. 241 ; 5 
 
 W. 506; 6 Wh. 418; 5 W. & S. 556; 10 H. 471; 4 
 Wr. 501. 
 
 11. Title to land not inquired into, 3 S. & R. 509. 
 
 12. Competency of witnesses in, 10 W. 335 ; 2 W. & S. 
 
 230; 8 W. & S. 369 ; 3 Barr 451 ; 9 Barr 343 ; 9 Wr. 
 166. 
 
 13. Damages in, 1 D. 130 ; 6 S. & R. 300, 420, 430 ; 12 S. 
 
 & R. 89; 2 R. 241; 3 W. 333, 338; 4 W. 357, 418, 
 420; 5 Barr 211 ; IJ. 386 ; 4 H. 254 ; 5 H. 373; 10 
 H. 471; 2 C. 143; 7 0. 131; 9 C. 251; 11 0. 120; 5 
 Wr. 291, 357; 3 S. 26; 6 S. 454; 7 S. 247; 12 S. 232; 
 19 S. 403. 
 
 14. Award in, 1 D. 130. 
 
TROVEK— TRUSTEES. 791 
 
 TROYER— continued. 
 
 15. Verdict. 
 
 Errors cured by, 2 Y. 537 ; 5 Barr 211. 
 In trover for a pledge, 19 S. 403. 
 
 16. Appeal from justice in, 4 S. & R. 72. 
 
 17. Action not barred by prosecution for larceny, 5 Wr. 
 
 42. 
 
 18. Statute of Limitations on, suspended by criminal 
 
 PROSECUTION, 5 Wr. 42. 
 
 TRUSTEE EX MALEFICIO. 
 
 What acts constitute, 3 B. 305 ; 1 W. 163 ; 5 W. 452 ; 10 W. 
 319; 2 Wh. 245; 5 Wh. 280; 3 W. & S. 486; 5 W. & 
 S. 100, 427; 6 W. & S. 97, 301; 3 Barr 496; 5 Barr 
 39; 6 Barr 425; 2 J. 164; 1 H. 306; 8 H. 391, 395 ; 
 12 H. 109 ; 1 0. 278, 362; 10 C. 152: 8 Wr. 43; 1 Gr. 
 67; IS. 377; 5 S. 372; 13 S. 108; 16 S. 237, 242; 17 
 S. 49; 20 S. 15, 266. 
 
 Not -within prohibition in Stat. 29 Car. II., c. 3, sec. 7, 
 and Act of April 22, 1856, 2 Wr. 46 ; 5 S. 369 ; 
 14 S. 442. 
 
 TRUSTEES. 
 
 I. Deed of trust not void for want of, 4 Wr. 269; 11 
 
 Wr. 307. 
 
 II. When husband is for wife, 10 Wr. 342 ; 14 Wr. 368. 
 
 See Husband, V. 3. 
 
 III. When agent or attorney is for principal, 13 Wr. 
 410. See Agent, II. 2. 
 
 IV. Creation of. 
 
 By deed. See Trust Estate, I. 2. 
 
 By express provision in will, 2 Barr 212 ; 10 Barr 79. 
 
 By implication, 2 S. 258. 
 
 By appointment of Orphans' Court, 18 S. 248. 
 
 When executors are, 8 W. 236. See Executors, IV. 
 
 24. 
 Married women may be, 11 C. 373. 
 Substitution of, 3 P. & W. 428; 9 W. 252, 300; 3 C. 
 
 238. 
 Vacancies, how filled, 9 W. 252, 300 ; 3 Gr. 270. 
 Survivorship among, 3 W. & S. 45 ; 3 C. 238 ; 12 C. 
 
 204. 
 Descent of estate to, 1 B. 91 ; 9 W. 331 ; 3 W. & S. 459. 
 As to solvency of, 4 C. 430. 
 
792 TRUSTEES. 
 
 TRVSTE-ES— continued. 
 
 Dismissal of, 9 Barr 416. 
 
 Power of Orphans' Court over, 9 W. 20, 60, 331 ; 1 Wh. 
 
 96; 2 Wh. 119; 3 Wh. 174 ; 4 Wh. 179 ; 1 W. & S. 
 
 288, 289 ; 3 W. & S. 280 ; 4 W. & S. 435 ; 4 Barr 
 
 331, 334 ; 7 Barr 459 ; 8 Barr 29 ; 9 Barr 416 ; 2 J. 
 
 333 ; 7 H. 49 ; 8 H. 67 ; 12 C. 141 ; 2 Wr. 322; 8 
 
 Gr. 270 ; 18 S. 101, 248. 
 Power of Supreme Court over, 5 W. 493; 2 Wh. 329 ; 6 
 
 Wh. 392 ; 4 Barr 331 ; 9 Barr 416; 7 H. 9 ; 12 H. 
 
 483. 
 Power of Common Pleas over, 3 P. & W. 398 ; 1 Wh. 
 
 95 ; 3 Wh. 174 ; 4 Wh. 179 ; 3 W. & S. 280 ; 4 W. 
 
 & S. 492 ; 4 Barr 331 ; 9 Barr 416 ; 2 J. 333 ; 7 H. 
 
 49 ; 8 H. 67 ; 10 H. 164 ; 3 Gr. 270. 
 Presumption in favor of, 12 H. 154. 
 Death of, 3 Barr 93. 
 When joint tenant, 12 C. 204. 
 
 VI. Rights op. 
 
 1. Generally, 3 W. 408 ; 8 W. 19, 236 ; 10 S. 492. 
 
 2. As TO TRUST EUND, 8 W. 19 ; 4 Wr. 409; 5 Wr. 113. 
 
 3. To DEFEND IN SUIT AGAINST TRUST FUND, 9 Barr 
 
 316. 
 
 4. To TENDER, FOR USE OF CESTUI QUE TRUST, 16 S. & R. 42. 
 
 5. To TRANSFER PROPERTY TO CESTUI QUE TRUST AS AGAINST 
 
 CREDITORS, 7 W. 547 ; 2 H. 490 ; 5 H. 262. See 
 Cestui que trust. 
 
 6. To testify, 2 Y. 219; 6 B. 478; 7 Barr 467 ; 1 J. 163. 
 
 7. To interest, &c., on moneys advanced, 1 B. 136, 488 ; 
 
 2 Barr 62 ; 2 Gr. 381. 
 
 8. To compensation, 4 S. & R. 116 ; 3 W. 443; 4 W. 77, 
 
 267 ; 4 Wh. 389; 5 Wh. 228 ; 2 W. & S. 566 ; 2 Barr 
 62, 216 ; 5 Barr 414 ; 12 Barr 347 ; 2 H. 490, 537 ; 6 
 H. 303 ; 9 H. 335 ; 12 H. 175, 482 ; 11 C. 245 ; 2 Wr. 
 466, 525 ; 5 Wr. 45 ; 11 Wr. 356 ; 4 S. 60. 
 
 9. To LIEN, 8 H. 308. 
 
 10. To allowance for depreciated paper, 1 B. 488. 
 
 11. To allowance for costs, 8 H. 308. 
 
 12. To allowance for counsel fee, 12 H. 482. 
 
 13. To purchase trust property, 1 Y. 312; 3 B. 54; 4 
 
 B. 43 ; 5 W. 203 ; 2 Wh. 52 ; 6 W. & S. 18 ; 7 W. & 
 S. 401 ; 7 Barr 48 ; 9 Barr 280 ; 2 J. 71 ; 2 C. 54 ; 
 8 C. 315 ; 1 Gr. 272 ; 14 S. 332, 333. 
 
TKUSTEES., 793 
 
 TRUSTEES— conimMed 
 
 14. To ALLOWANCE FOR MONEYS PAID FOR TRUST ESTATE, 10 
 
 S. 423. 
 
 15. Subrogation, 5 Wr. 45. See Subrogation. 
 
 VII. Duties of. 
 
 1. Generally, 3 W. 408 ; 8 W. 236 ; 1 Wr. 68 ; 7 S. 
 
 91, 512; 10 S. 492. 
 
 2. As TO settlement with cestui que trust, 9 C. 351 ; 
 
 2 S. 498. 
 
 3. As to investment of trust funds, 5 B. 4, 43, 54 ; 7 
 
 S. & R. 230; 8 S. & R. 12 ; 5 W. 303 ; 7 W. 387, 
 412, 471 ; 8 W. 19; 4 W. & S. 426; 5 W. & S. 256 ; 
 
 6 W. & S. 18, 152, 402 ; 8 W. & S. 143; 2 Barr 463; 
 9 Barr 203, 279; 10 Barr 61; 1 H. 581, 636; 2 H. 
 631 ; 4 H. 499 ; 12 H. 180, 335, 487 ; 4 C. 475; 6 C. 
 536 ; 10 0. 100 ; 1 Wr. 68 ; 2 Wr. 466 ; 7 Wr. 431 ; 
 11 Wr. 356 ; 7 S. 247. 
 
 4. As to purchases, 7 S. & R. 280 ; 5 W. 303 ; 2 Wh. 
 
 53; 4 W. & S. 426; 6 W. &S. 18; 3 C. 165; 14 S. 
 293, 382, 333. 
 
 5. As to sale of trust estate, 13 S. & R. 304; 4 S. 
 
 60 ; 14 S. 293, 332, 333. 
 
 6. When a joint trustee, 8 W. & S. 405. 
 
 7. As to transfer of duty, 6 Barr 496 ; 3 C. 288 ; 6 
 
 Wr. 257. 
 
 8. As TO distribution of estate, 12 Wr. 204. 
 
 9. Termination op, 9 W. 410; 2 C. 227; 3 C. 75 ; 4 Wr. 
 
 409; 4 S. 245; 6 S. 228; 7 S. 353, 512; 10 S. 492; 
 14 S. 216; 15 S. 468; 18 S. 24; 20 S. 385. 
 
 10. When directed to convey after termination of 
 
 TRUST, 14 Wr. 143; 7 S. 513. 
 
 11. As TO notice to cestui que trust of suit or action, 
 
 20 S. 350. 
 
 VIII. Power and authority of. 
 
 1. Generally, 8 W. 19. 
 
 2. Limitation of in equity, 12 Wr. 204. 
 
 3. As to dry trust, 2 C. 227; 8 C. 75; 1 Wr. 31; 10 
 
 Wr. 392; 11 Wr. 113; 2 S. 266; 4 S. 245 ; 5 S. 70; 
 
 7 S. 236, 512, 524; 9 S. 393, 395; 10 S. 492; 14 S. 
 212, 218, 223 ; 20 S. 335, 501. 
 
 4. Of one of several, 5 S. & R. 523 ; 7 S. & R. 460 ; 8 
 
 W. & S. 222, 405. 
 
794 TRUSTEES. 
 
 TRUSTEES— continued. 
 
 5. To CONTINUE LIEN OF JUDGMENT, 7 Barr 255. 
 
 6. To ENCUMBER LAND OF CESTUI QUE TRUST, 6 Barr 296 
 
 2 Gr. 89. 
 
 7. Over legal estate held for married women, 1 Wh. 
 
 521. 
 
 8. To SUBMIT QUESTION OF BOUNDARY, 7 W. & S. 344. 
 
 9. To MAKE PARTITION UNDER WILL, 2 S. 154. 
 
 10. To CANCEL CONTRACT FOR SALE OF LAND, 12 H. 154. 
 
 11. As TO SALES, 10 Barr 265; 12 H. 154; 6 Wr. 257 ; 7 S. 
 
 213; 20 S. 446. 
 
 12. To CHARGE TRUST ESTATE WITH COVENANT FOR RENT, 7 
 
 Barr 287. 
 
 18. To BORROW MONEY FOR PAYMENT OF DEBTS, 2 Gr. 89. 
 
 14. To ACCEPT NOTICE, 2 B. 497. 
 
 15. To BRING SUIT, 3 Y. 570; 3 P. & W. 426 ; 2 W. & S. 
 
 418 ; 9 Barr 133. 
 
 16. To CONFESS JUDGMENT, 6 Barr 296. 
 
 17. Of surviving trustee, 3 W. & S. 45; 3 C. 238; 12 
 
 C. 204. 
 
 18. To change or modify trust, 9 H. 232 ; 11 H. 405 ; 
 
 12 H. 84. 
 
 19. To relinquish trust, 4 H. 140. 
 
 20. When directed to convey, after termination of. 
 
 14 Wr. 143 ; 7 S. 513. 
 
 21. Termination of, 9 W. 410 ; 2 0. 227 ; 3 C. 75; 4 Wr. 
 
 409 ; 4 S. 245; 6 S. 228 ; 7 S. 352, 512 ; 10 S. 492 ; 
 14 S. 216 ; 15 S. 468 ; 18 S. 24; 20 S. 335. 
 
 22. Payment to, proved by parol, 7 H. 194. 
 IX. Liability of. 
 
 1. Generally, 8 W. 19. 
 
 2. To give security, 9 Barr 416 ; 2 H. 360 ; 1 Wr. 60. 
 
 3. Of sureties of, 1 Wr. 60 ; 13 Wr. 167. 
 
 4. To CESTUI QUE TRUST. 
 
 For co-truatee, 10 Barr 149. 
 
 For investments, 7 S. & R. 48 ; '5 Wh. 117 ; 5 W. & S. 
 254 ; 3 Barr 319 ; 5 Barr 15, 383 ; 10 Barr 435 ; 6 
 H. 303, 306 ; 12 H. 154 ; 4 C. 480 ; 6 C. 536 ; 2 
 Wr. 466 ; 7 Wr. 431 ; 11 Wr. 359. 
 
 For profits, 1 S. & R. 241 ; 11 S. & R. 67 ; 12 S. & R. 
 
TRUSTEES. 795 
 
 TRJJSTE:KS— continued. 
 
 317 ; 1 P. & W. 214 ; 5 W. & S. 254 ; 8 W. & S. 
 
 244 ; 5 Ban- 383 ; 10 Barr 435 ; 2 0. 67 ; 3 C. 64 ; 
 
 12 C. 174 ; 4 Wr. 409 ; 14 S. 334 ; 15 S. 224. 
 For losses, 12 S. & R. 317 ; 1 P. & W. 214 ; 5 W. & 
 
 S. 254 ; 6 Barr 383. 
 For interest, 2 D. 182, 191 ; 13 S. & R. 309 ; 5 Barr 
 
 87; 12 H. 180, 335, 482 ; 2 Wr. 466, 525; 9 Wr. 
 
 394; 11 Wr. 356; 14 Wr. 189; 4 S. 60. 
 For misconduct, 1 H. 451; 12 H. 154, 233; 11 C. 
 
 245. 
 On compromise for cestui que trust, 4 W. & S. 501 ; 9 
 
 C. 351. 
 When acting under advice of counsel, 1 H. 234 ; 7 S. 
 
 91. 
 For unnecessary expenditures, 11 C. 245. 
 To bill for conveyance of trust property, 2 C. 227 ; 3 C. 
 
 75; 1 Wr. 31; 3 Wr. 88; 6 Wr. 339; 10 Wr. 334; 
 
 12 Wr. 351. 
 On purchase of trust property, 1 Y. 312; 3 B. 54 ; 4 B. 
 
 43 ; 5 W. 303 ; 2 Wh. 52 ; 6 W. & S. 18 ; 7 W. & 
 
 S. 152, 401 ; 7 Barr 48 ; 9 Barr 280 ; 2 J. 71 ; 2 C. 
 
 54; 8 0. 315 ; 1 Gr. 272 ; 15 S. 224, 235. 
 For breach of condition in bond, 3 Wr. 167. 
 To quo warranto, 15 S. & R. 127. 
 After fraudulent acquittance, 11 C. 245 ; 15 S. 224. 
 To removal by court, 9 Barr 416 ; 18 S. 101. 
 To forfeit commissions, 4 W, 77 ; 2 W. & S. 566 ; 5 
 
 Barr 413; 11 0. 245 ; 12 C. 174, 233. 
 To attachment on decree of court, 8 Wr. 247. 
 To action in name of cestui que trust, 13 S. & R. 434 ; 
 
 14 S. & R. 105; 3 P. & W. 398 ; 2 W. 95 ; 7 Barr 
 
 175; 1 H. 451; 3 S. 146. 
 For neglect of duty, 11 S. & R. 66. 
 Payment to, proved by parol, 7 H. 194. 
 For costs, 9 C. 85; 14 Wr. 189; 2 Gr. 381. 
 On accounts and settlements, 10 Barr 485 ; 9 C. 351. 
 
 5. To STRANGERS. 
 
 To be garnishee in attachment, 4 D. 279; 5 S. & R. 137 ; 
 
 12 C. 28 ; 10 Wr. 485. 
 To lien of judgment, 3 H. 460. 
 To heirs of grantor of trust property, 6 Wr. 132. 
 
 X. Acts and declarations of, when evidence, 4 S. & R. 
 
 317; 6 W. 487; 3 W. & S. 373; 2 Barr 386; 4 Barr 
 456; 4 H. 50, 140. 
 
 XI. Rescission of illegal contract by, 2 H. 540. 
 
796 TKUSTEES— TRUST ESTATES. 
 
 T'RJJSIEES— continued. 
 
 XII. Ejectment by heirs op, 3 Y. 570. 
 
 XIII. Abatement op suit, by death op, 3 Barr 98. 
 
 XIV. Vendee op. 
 
 Duty as to application of purchase-money, 2 Barr 360, 
 Liability of, 6 Wr. 257. 
 
 TRUST ESTATES. 
 
 I. Creation op. 
 
 1. By will, 3 D. 509 ; 6 B. 395 ; 12 S. & R. 317 ; 5 R. 
 
 140, 142 ; 1 W. 163 ; 6 W. 87 ; 8 W. 236 ; 9 W. 523 
 10 W. 327 ; 1 Wh. 514 ; 3 Wh. 287 ; 3 W. & S. 280 
 
 5 W. & S. 60 ; 2 Barr 212 ; 3 Barr 496 ; 4 Barr 228 
 8 Barr 508 ; 6 H. 183; 8 H. 268, 280 ; 2 C. 229; 4 
 C. 73; 2 Wr. 225; 4 Wr. 29; 13 Wr. 241, 494; 14 
 Wr. 518 ; 3 Gr. 306 ; 5 S. 70 ; 7 S. 236, 352, 504 ; 10 
 S. 344; 20 S. 335. See Wills. 
 
 2. By deed, 4 D. 76 ; 1 W. 218 ; 4 W. & S. 192 ; 6 S. 
 
 301. 
 
 3. By parol, 3 D. 506; 3 B. 300, 302, 587; 2 S. & R. 
 
 521 ; 4 S. & R. 494 ; 8 S. & R. 484, 492; 1 R. 408 ; 
 
 3 R. 437; 1 W. 163, 214; 2 W. 36, 323; 5 W. 27, 
 389 ; 10 W. 313 ; 3 W. & S. 373 ; 6 W. & S. 97 ; 9 
 W. & S. 62; 3 Barr 497; 4 Barr 353 ; 5 Barr 216; 
 
 6 Barr 393, 421; 9 Barr 342 ; 1 H. 451 : 2 H. 489; 
 
 4 H. 50; 6 H. 459; 8 0. 371; 9 C. 164; 1 Gr. 301; 
 3 Gr. 295; 5 S. 70; 8 S. 485; 14 S. 443; 16 S. 
 227; 18 S. 158; 19 S. 380. 
 
 4. By implication, 1 D. 139; 2 Y. 119 ; 2 B. 302, 387 ; 
 
 1 S. & R. 202 ; 2 S. & R 461, 521 ; 3 S. & R. 311, 
 521; IR. 408; 2R. 114; 2 W. 323; 5 W. 389 ; 6 
 W. 534; 7W. 390; 9 W. 36 ; 10 W. 313; 1 W. & 
 S. 372, 376 ; 4 W. & S. 149, 351 ; 1 Barr 405; 2 Barr 
 
 122, 463, 467; 3 Barr 228, 230; 6 Barr 29; 6 H. 
 
 123, 134; 3 C. 180; 4 C. 423; 6 C. 134; 9C.164; 
 1 Wr. 210 ; 3 Wr. 369 ; 4 Wr. 68 ; 12 Wr. 29 ; 2 Gr. 
 459; 1 S. 377 ; 2 S. 314; 6 S. 119 ; 10 S. 290 ; 11 
 S. 192; 16 S. 237; 18 S. 263; 19 S. 443. 
 
 5. By writing endorsed on deed, 8 H. 308. 
 
 6. Parol explanation op, 6 B. 478 ; 7 H. 194 ; 5 S. 374, 
 
 375; 17 S. 110. 
 
 II. Object op. 
 
 1. For cestui QUE TRUST FREE PROM creditors, 2 R. 33; 7 
 W. 547 ; 5 W. & S. 323, 330 ; 7 W. & S. 19 ; 5 Barr 
 
TKUST ESTATES. 797 
 
 TRUST ESTATES— continued. 
 
 289 ; 1 H. 491 ; 1 Wr. 37; 10 Wr. 485; 11 Wr. 113 ; 
 7 S. 236; 9 S. 395; 17 S. 473. 
 
 2. For feme sole in contemplation of marriage, 4 W. 
 
 &S. 95; 9W. 137; 5 Wh. 117 ; 1 Barr 113; 4 S. 
 93, 245 ; 14 S. 213, 214. 
 
 3. For use of married women, 1 R. 231 ; 1 Wh. 520 ; 4 
 
 Wh. 453: 5 Wh. 123; 2 H. 540; 8H. 299; 3 0.75; 
 
 9 0. 57; 3 Wr. 463 ; 10 Wr. 342, 490 ; 12 Wr. 351; 
 14 Wr. 368; 6 S. 300; 7 S. 511; 16 S. 477; 20 S. 
 501. 
 
 4. For life, with remainder to children or issue in 
 
 default of appointment, 10 S. 492; 14 S. 218. 
 
 5. In remainder, requires no particular estate, 17 S. 
 
 316. 
 Constructive notice of, 6 H. 157 ; 10 H. 202. 
 
 6. Application of Statute op Uses to, 9 H. 72 ; 3 C. 75. 
 
 7. FORPUBLICPURPOSES, 5W. 493; 4H. 140; 6 Wr. 132. 
 
 8. For co-heirs, 3 S. 460. 
 
 9. For religious societies, 6 B. 59 ; 17 S.* & R. 388; 1 
 
 W. 218. See Churches; Charitable Uses. 
 
 10. When void, 10 Barr 326; 4 H. 50; 1 C. 56; 6 Wr. 
 
 330; 7 Wr. 67; 20 S. 501. 
 
 11. For benefit of creditors, 3 Barr 132. See Assign- 
 
 ment for Creditors. 
 
 12. For parties sui juris, 7 W. 547; 5 W. & S. 323; 5 
 
 Barr 289. 
 
 13. For payment of interest for life, with remainder 
 
 OVER, 9 Wr. 178. 
 
 14. When operative, 1 B. 502 ; 5 R. 142 ; 2 C. 227 ; 4 
 
 C. 73 ; 9 C. 85 ; 10 Wr. 393 ; 11 Wr. 113. 
 
 15. As to duration, 8 W. 236 ; 9 W. 410 ; 2 C. 227 ; 3 
 
 C. 75; 4 Wr. 409; 4 S. 245; 6 S. 228: 7 S. 512; 
 
 10 S. 492; 14 S. 216; 15 S. 468; 18 S. 24; 20 S. 
 335. 
 
 16. Act, as to accumulation beyond twenty-one years, 
 
 construed, 12 C. 338. 
 
 17. Proof of, 1 D. 193; 3 B. 302, 304; 2 S. & R. 521, 
 
 526; 2W. 323; 9 W. 32; 3 W. & S. 314 ; 4 W. & 
 S. 149; 6 W. & S. 597; 3 Barr 228; 6 Barr 425; 1 
 H. 451 ; 3 H. 195 ; 6 H. 128, 134 ; 11 H. 268 ; 4 C. 
 71 ; 3 Wr. 369 ; 13 Wr. 155; 2 S. 314; 5 S. 374; 6 
 S. 119; 12 S. 123. 
 
798 TRUST ESTATES. 
 
 TRUST ESTATES— confmMfc^. 
 
 18. DispRovAL OF, 1 W. 110; 2 P. & W. 180; 3 C. 504; 
 
 2 Wr. 63; 11 S. 328, 341. 
 
 19. Destruction of by laches of cestui que trust, 4 
 
 Wr. 68. 
 
 20. When within Statute of Frauds, 3 B. 302; 2 S. & 
 
 R. 521; 8 S. &R. 492; 5 W. 27. 
 
 21. Revocation of, 10 H. 16 ; 11 C. 207 ; 4 Wr. 68 ; 6 
 
 Wr. 147. 
 
 22. Application of Statute of Limitations to, 2 Y. 260 ; 
 
 2S. &R. 521; 4 S. & R. 316; 14S. &R. 333; 16 
 S. & R. 379 ; 2 R. 302, 304; 6 H. 283 ; 6 C. 133 ; 
 5 Wr. 482; 2 S. 314, 492; 11 S. 452. 
 
 23. Reclamation of, 10 H. 16; 11 0. 207; 4 Wr. 68; 6 
 
 Wr. 147. 
 Extinguishment of, 6 H. 283; 7 S. 352. 
 
 24. Sustained in equity without trustee, 6 S. & R. 
 
 466; 6 Wh. 571; 4 W. & S. 95; 4 Barr 228 ; 8 Wr. 
 238; 11 S. 320, 325. 
 
 25. When liable to escheat, 14 S. 186, 198. 
 
 26. Descent of, 1 B. 91 ; 9 W. 331 ; 3 W. & S. 459. 
 
 27. Liability of, for debt op trustee, 5 S. & R. 323 ; 6 
 
 Barr 496; 8 Barr 327. 
 
 28. Curtesy estate in, 2 H. 361. 
 
 29. Dower in, 3 S. & R. 554. 
 
 30. Conveyance of. 
 
 To cestui que trust. See Cestui que trust. 
 
 What passes under, 14 S. & R. 333; 10 W. 456; 1 H. 
 
 636; 1 Wr. 315. 
 When a breach of trust, 6 Wr. 257; 9 S. 393; 10 S. 
 
 290. 
 Presumption in favor of, 4 W. 255. 
 Parol explanation of, 17 S. & R. 110. 
 Sale of for taxes, 1 C. 56. 
 Conversion of by trustee, 7 S. & R. 213; 6 Wr. 257. 
 
 31. When attachable, 4 D. 279. 
 
 32. Recovery of in ejectment. See Ejectment 14. 
 
 33. Preference as to, on distribution of insolvent es- 
 
 tate, 10 H. 16. 
 
 34. Jurisdiction of Supreme Court over, 5 W. 493 ; 2 
 
 Wh. 329; 6 Wh. 392; 4 Barr 331; 9 Barr 416; 10 
 H. 164; 12 H. 483. 
 
 35. Jurisdiction of Common Pleas over, 3 P. & W. 398; 
 
TKUST ESTATES— TURNPIKE COMPANY. 799 
 
 TRUST EST AT'ES— continued. 
 
 9 W. 331; 1 Wh. 96; 3 Wh. 174; 4 Wh. 179; 1 W. 
 & S. 287; 3 W. & S. 280; 4 W. & S. 492; 4 Barr 
 381 ; 9 Barr 416 ; 7 H. 49 ; 10 H. 164 ; 12 H. 483 ; 
 3 Gr. 270 ; 14 S. 441. 
 
 36. Jurisdiction of Orphans' Court over, 9 W. 20, 60, 
 331; 1 Wh. 96; 3 Wh. 174; 4 Wh. 179; 1 W. & S. 
 288, 289; 3 W. & S. 280; 4 W. & S. 435; 4 Barr 
 330, 339; 7 Barr 459; 8 Barr 29; 9 Barr 416, 417; 
 2 J. 333; 7H.49; 8 H. 67; 12 0. 141; 2 Wr. 322; 
 18 S. 248. 
 
 TRUSTS. 
 
 1. Defined and discussed, 4 Barr 456; 12 H. 432; 10 S. 
 
 492,495; 14 S. 211. 
 
 2. Active and passive or dry, discussed and distin- 
 
 guished, 2 C. 227; 3 C. 75; 1 Wr. 31; 10 Wr. 392; 
 11 Wr. 113; 2 S. 266; 4 S. 245; 5 S. 70 ; 7 S. 236, 
 512, 524; 9 S. 393, 395: 10 S. 492, 495, 496; 14 S. 
 212, 218, 223; 20 S. 335, 501. 
 
 3. Enforcement of, 1 W. 218 ; 3 W. & S. 373; 6 W. & S. 
 
 257, 329; 3 Barr 161 ; 7 Barr 175, 180; 9 Wr. 9; 13 
 Wr. 88; 2 S. 314; 5 S. 375; 9 S. 393-; 11 S. 52; 14 
 S. 441. 
 
 4. What acts are a breach of, 2 Barr 71 ; 6 Wr. 257 ; 9 
 
 S. 393; 10 S. 290. 
 
 5. Who may complain of breach of, 1 W. 133; 3 Wh. 174; 
 
 2 Barr 71. 
 
 6. Investment of trust funds, 3 Barr 319, 364. 
 
 7. Vendee not affected by, when secret. See Sale, X. 23. 
 
 8. Taxation of, 1 H. 451 ; 1 C. 56. 
 
 TURNPIKE COMPANY. 
 
 I. Rights of. 
 
 1. To make road, 3 D. 496. 
 
 2. As to tolls, 4 Y. 416 ; 2 B. 231; 2 P. & W. 263; 3 W. 
 
 126; 2 W. & S. 163, 548; 2 J. 361; 2 H. 162. 
 
 3. To collect subscj^iption, 3 P. & W. 71, 149. 
 
 4. To ERECT TOLL HOUSES, 6 W. & S. 379. 
 
 5. To SOIL COVERED BY ROAD, 3 W. 407 ; 5 W. 546. 
 
 II. Power and authority of. 
 
 1. To take land for use of road, 3 Y. 371 ; 6 B. 509 ; 
 
 1 S. & R. 511. 
 
 2. Not to be implied, 1 H. 555. 
 
800 TUENPIKE CO.— "UNDER AND SUBJECT TO." 
 
 TURNPIKE COMVAl!iY— continued. 
 
 3. Act of March 26, 1821, relative to, construed, 9 S. 
 
 &R. 59; 13 S. & R. 49. 
 
 4. Act of 1826, relative to, construed, 3 P. & W. 149. 
 
 III. Liability of. 
 
 1. For land taken, 1 Y. 367; 3 P. & W. 139; 8 H. 94; 
 
 10 H. 29. 
 
 2. For materials used, 3 Y. 362. 
 
 3. For not repairing road, 3 Y. 362 ; 2 B. 257 ; 9 Barr 
 
 20. 
 
 4. For converting property to other uses, 3 W. 407. 
 
 5. For erection of toll houses, 6 W. & S. 379. 
 
 6. To alteration of their charter, 5 S. 466. 
 
 IV. Subscription to, discussed, 2 P. & W. 466 ; 1 C. 156. 
 
 1. Action to recover, 3 P. & W. 71, 149. 
 
 2. Right of supervisor to subscribe for stock, 1 J. 62. 
 
 V. Petition for assessment of land damages, 3 P. & W. 
 
 139. 
 
 VI. Lien of judgment against, 7 H. 453. 
 
 VII. Act relative to Armstrong, Indiana and Cambria 
 Turnpike, construed, 2 P. & W. 184, 462. 
 
 UMPIRE. 
 
 Submission to in original contract, 1 W. & S. 301; 4 W. & S. 
 
 205, 405; 1 H. 90; 4 H. 496; 4 C. 211, 224; 7 C. 306; 
 
 9 C. 530 ; 1 S. 298 ; 6 S. 62 ; 8 S. 186, 266 ; 19 S. 489. 
 Duty of, 4 D. 233, 272 ; 2 J. 128 ; 1 S. 298. 
 Liability of, 1 S. 298. 
 
 UNAVOIDABLE ACCIDENT. 
 Definition of, 5 Wr. 378. 
 
 UNAVOIDABLE DANGERS OF NAVIGATION. 
 Definition of, 5 Wr. 378. 
 
 UNCLE. 
 
 Descent to, 3 Y. 480 ; 10 H. 291 ; 7 C. 289. 
 Descent to children of, 10 H. 291 ; 4 "Wr. 115. 
 Liability of for service of minor, 9 Barr 309. 
 
 UNCLE AND NIECE. 
 
 Validity of marriage between, 8 Wr. 309. 
 
 "UNDER AND SUBJECT TO." 
 
 Covenant implied from use of, 3 W. 60; 13 Wr. 13; 4 S. 132. 
 
UNITED STATES COURTS. 801 
 
 UNDERGROUND RIGHT OF WAY. 
 
 Right of under Acts of Assembly, 7 Wr. 495. 
 
 UNDUE INFLUENCE. 
 
 Proof of, 4 Wr. 474, 483; 5 Wr. 312; 7 Wr. 46. See Wills. 
 
 UNEXECUTED AGREEMENT. 
 
 Abaiidonment of, 3 Wr. 84. 
 
 UNFINISHED CHATTELS. 
 
 Sale of, for future delivery. See Sale, I. 25. 
 
 UNIMPROVED LANDS. 
 
 1. What are, 4 D. 292; 4 S. 498. 
 
 2. Act of 1752, relative to, construed, 2 Y. 486. 
 
 3. Act of 1784, relative to, construed, 2 Y. 148. 
 
 4. Act of 1814, relative to, construed, 4 S. & R. 401. 
 
 5. Estate in, created by will, 2 Y. 380. 
 
 6. Sale op, on execution, 2 Y. 454. 
 
 7. Possession follows legal title to, 9 W. 172, 175; 1 
 
 C. 492; 5 S. 172. 
 
 8. Transfer of to seated list, 6 W. 272; 7 W. & S. 249. 
 
 See Seated Land. 
 
 UNION CANAL COMPANY. 
 
 1. Assessment of damages against, 14 Wr. 268. 
 
 2. Action against stockholders, 5 R. 46. 
 
 3. Right of, to land taken for canal, 1 Wh. 410, 424. 
 
 4. To erect dams in Swatara Creek, 9 W. 229. 
 Salary of secretary of, 1 R. 181. 
 
 UNITED STATES BANK. See Bank of United States. 
 
 UNITED STATES BONDS. 
 
 Subject to collateral inheritance tax, 2 S. 181. 
 
 UNITED STATES COURTS. 
 
 1. Jurisdiction of. 
 
 In civil cases, 2 D. 396; 3 D. 404; 5 W. 141; 3 Gr. 418, 
 
 420, 464. 
 In crimnal cases, 1 D. 294; 4 D. 261, 420; 2 Y. 301; 
 
 14 Wr. 9. 
 
 2. Recognition of state courts in, 3 C. 479. 
 
 3. Process of, 3 D. 269, 320, 382, 384. See Circuit Court; 
 
 District Court; Supreme Court. 
 
 4. No common law offence, under, 2 D. 294; 4 D. 261; 2 
 
 Y. 301. 
 
 51 
 
802 UNITED STATES OF AMEKICA— UNSOUNDNESS. 
 
 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 
 
 1. a corporation in law, 1 d. 41. 
 
 2. Right of. 
 
 To enemies' property, 1 D. 71. 
 
 Over state governments, 3 S. & R. 179 ; 5 G. 22. 
 
 To preference in collection of debts, 4 Y. 251 ; 6 B. 266 ; 
 
 2 S. & R. 221. 
 
 To interest on claims, 6 B. 266. 
 
 To lien for tax on distilled spirits, 18 S. 204. 
 
 To appeal without security or costs, 17 S. & R. 348. 
 
 To legislate, over lands granted or purchased from states, 
 
 3 S. 482. 
 
 To regulate commerce, 15 S. 399. 
 
 Of eminent domain within state territory, 15 S. 399. 
 
 3. Liability of, for costs, 3 D. 301. See States of the 
 
 Union. 
 
 UNITED STATES OFFICERS. 
 Taxation. of. See Taxation 10. 
 
 UNITED STATES REYENUE BOND. 
 
 For oil in bond, 10 Wr. 286, 
 
 UNITED STATES REVENUE STAMPS. See Stamp. 
 
 UNITED STATES TAXES. 
 
 1. Settlement, not gained by payment of, 10 S. & R. 179. 
 
 2. Are a charge on debts, not on the debtor, 4 S. 350. 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 1. Taxation of, 8 Wr. 360. 
 
 2. Rights of trustees of, 1 Y. 495. 
 
 UNLIQUIDATED DAMAGES. 
 
 1. Not property under Act of 1856 relative to husband 
 
 AND WIFE, 8 "Wr. 170. 
 
 2. Not included in issue to ascertain balance due on 
 
 judgment, 11 Wr. 485. 
 
 3. When allowed as set-off, 4 W. & S. 292 ; 6 W. & S. 
 
 152, 155; 5 C. 192. See Damages; Set-off. 
 
 UNRECORDED DOCUMENTS. See Deed ; Mortgage. 
 
 UNSOUNDNESS. 
 
 1. Of chattel when a defence, 4 Y. 522; 6 B. 198; 10 
 
 C. 236. See Sale, L 10. 
 
 2. In insurance cases, definition of, 1 B. 592 ; 2 B. 394. 
 
UNSEATED LANDS. 803 
 
 UNSEATED LANDS. 
 
 1. Object of statutes relative to, 1 J. 349 ; 11 S. 410. 
 
 2. Notice given by statute, 8 C. 45. 
 
 3. Title to under Statute oe Limitations, 7 S. & R. 
 
 129; 4 W. & S. 181. 
 
 Abandonment of, 9 Wr. 121. 
 
 4. What lands ake unseated, 10 S. & R. 254 ; 13 S. & R. 
 
 151 ; 3 P. & W. 106 ; 1 W. 503 ; 2 W. 124, 421 ; 3 W. 
 260 ; 4 W. 351 ; 5 W. 382, 441 ; 6 W. 269, 272, 281 ; 7 
 W. 300, 390; 8 W. 548; 9 W. 105, 156; 1 W. & S. 
 324; 3 W. & S. 238; 4 W. & S. 338; 5 W. & S. 60, 
 359, 451 ; 7 W. & S. 248; 4 Barr 214 ; 6 Barr 210 ; 8 
 Barr 169; 2 H. 128, 404; 7 H. 292; 1 C, 377; 5 C. 
 106; 8 C. 325; 9 Wr. 121 ; 1 Gr. 73, 459; 4 S. 498; 6 
 S, 374. 
 
 5. Effect of entry on, 1 W. 504 ; 6 W. 269 ; 5 W. & S. 451 ; 
 
 7 W. & S. 247 ; 4 Barr 216 ; 18 S. 279. 
 
 6. Assessment of taxes on, 3 Y. 4C>5 ; 13 S. & R. 360 ; 2 
 
 P. & W. 496; 2 W. 124, 421 ; 4 W. 35 ; 5 W. 287 ; 6 
 W. 272, 281; 7 W. 390; 1 W. & S. 166, 310, 313; 4 
 W. & S. 133, 269 ; 7 W. & S. 259 ; 8 Barr 169 ; 9 Barr 
 38,270; 6 H. 150; 7 H. '267, 499; 10 H. 368; 12 
 H. 338, 452, 462; 1 C. 381; 2 C. 432, 435; 3 C. 18 ; 
 13 Wr.440; 1 Gr. 73; 2 Gr. 370; 3 Gr. 216; 5 S. 169; 
 6 S. 488 ; 7 S. 18, 40 ; 15 S. 510 ; 16 S. 38, 229 ; 18 
 S. 260; 19 S. 128; 20 S. 32. 
 
 Duty of owner as to return for, 7 W. & S. 204 ; 6 S. 
 
 ■ 488; 16 S. 229. 
 Duty of owner as to payment of taxes on, 19 S. 436. 
 Variance in assessment, 10 S. & R. 260 ; 16 S. & R. 
 
 331 ; 9 Barr 38. 
 Not a personal charge, 10 S. & R. 254 ; 2 W. 124, 
 421; 6 W. 272, 281; 8 W. 551; 2 W. & S. 107; 
 7 W. & S. 391 ; 2 Barr 22; 3 Barr 105; 8 C. 54. 
 Effect of division of county on arrears of taxes, 6 W. 
 281; 9 W. & S. 80; 16 S. 229; 18 S. 260. 
 
 7. Payment of taxes on. 
 
 Presumption as to, 5 W. & S. 447; 8 H. 157; 9 Wr. 
 
 113. 
 Implication from, 6 W. 269, 325 ; 1 W. & S. 324 ; 8 H. 
 
 157 ; 1 C. 377 ; 11 S: 444. 
 Right of owner to work taxes, 5 C. 121. 
 When county is responsible for to township, 11 Wr. 162. 
 After sale, 7 Barr .67. 
 
804 UNSEATED LANDS. 
 
 UNSEATED LANDS— oontinued. 
 8. Sale of unseated land for taxes. 
 
 Act of March 13, 1815, relative to, construed, 7 S. & R. 
 
 260 ; 4 W. & S. 164, 269 ; 9 Wr. 118 ; 11 S. 410. 
 Act of 1842 relative to, construed, 2 Barr 22. 
 Act of 1804 relative to, construed, 2 P. & W. 162 ; 4 W, 
 
 & S. 164, 7 H. 305. 
 Act of 1814 relative to, construed, 4 S. & R. 401. 
 Act of 1846 relative to, construed, 2 H. 204. 
 Authority for sale, 4 S. & R. 401 ; 6 Barr 211 ; 8 Barr 
 
 169 ; 2 H. 404 ; 12 H. 145, 452 ; 2 Gr. 867 ; 6 S. 
 
 488; 7 S. 27. 
 Warrant for when evidence, 6 Barr 211. 
 Act curing defects in sale construed, 10 W. 208. 
 Unsettled points relative to discussed, 9 Wr. 118. 
 Notice of sale, 16 S. & R. 351. 
 By whom sold, 1 P. & W. 499 ; 8 C. 45. 
 Where sold, 6 W. 281. 
 How sold. 
 
 When tracts are distinct, 9 W. 319 ; 4 W. & S. 269 ; 3 
 
 C. 18; 8 C. 45. 
 In whose name, 13 Wr. 440. 
 Where land is held jointly, 10 W. 354. 
 Proof of, 11 0. 9. 
 Presumption in favor of, 7 H. 305. 
 When invalid, 10 S. & R. 239 ; 13 S. & R. 151 ; 10 W. 
 
 391 ; 2 W. & S. 107 ; 4 W. & S. 36, 133, 146 ; 5 W. 
 
 & S. 447, 540 ; 3 Barr 105 ; 8 Barr 169 ; 10 Barr 
 
 341 ; IJ. 341; 6 H. 151 ; 7 H. 305 ; 8 H. 157 ; 12 
 
 H. 453; 2 C. 432; 8 C. 45; 10 C. 157; 3 Gr. 216; 
 
 6 S. 374, 488; 12 S. 461; 18 S. 279. 
 EflFect of harmless irregularity in, 13 S. & R. 360 ; 9 W. 
 
 156 ; 10 W. 208 ; 4 W. & S. 269 ; 5 W. & S. 465 ; 
 
 5 H. 42. 
 When valid, 1 Y. 104 ; 2 Y. 100, 312, 330 ; 3 S. & R. 
 
 298; 8 S. & R. 344; 10 S. & R. 239; 13 S. & R. 
 
 360; 14 S. & R. 346; 2 P. & W. 496; 1 W. 477, 
 
 532 ; 6 W. 281 ; 9 W. 319 ; 1 W. & S. 166, 501 ; 3 
 
 W. & S. 238; 6 W. &S. 475; 7 W. & S. 259, 456; 
 
 8 Barr 169; 5 H. 426; 12 H. 338; 2 C. 482: 3 C. 
 
 166; 8 C. 62 ; 10 C. 157 ; 9 Wr. 113; 10 Wr. 62 ; 
 
 3 S. 122; 7 S. 13.. 
 Eifect of valid sale. 
 
 Where portion of land is outside the county, 12 S. 461 ; 
 
 16 S. 229. 
 On unpaid taxes, 7 H. 499; 10 H. 368. 
 
UNSEATED LANDS. 805 
 
 UNSEATED LA'SBS— continued. 
 
 On title of previous owner, 10 W. 412; 4 W. & S. 
 
 146; 6 W. & S. 609; 3 C. 154; 9 C. 98; 2 Gr. 
 
 89 ; 5 S. 186. 
 On liens, 5 W. 287; 5 W. & S. 447. 
 On ground-rent, 1 Barr 349. 
 
 9. Purchaser of. 
 
 Who may purchase, 2 W. 495 ; 1 J. 207. 
 Title of, 4 W. 363; 6 W. 251; 8 W. 365;, 9 W. 344; 
 10 W. 407, 412; 1 W. & S. 166, 501; 3 W. & S. 
 238; 4 W. & S. 251, 269; 5 W. & S. 188, 265, 
 423; 6 W. & S. 509; 7 W. & S. 386; 6 Barr 211; 
 2 H. 253; 2 C. 432; 3 0. 154; 9 C. 98; 9 Wr. 
 113; 10 Wr. 62; 4 S. 498; 5 S. 186. 
 Right of. 
 
 To recover in ejectment, 16 S. & R. 351; 17 S. & R. 
 350; 5 W. 287; 7 W. 390; 9 W. 341; 1 W. & 
 S. 501; 4 W.-& S. 137, 171; 7 W. & S. 386; 6 
 Barr 210, 211; 12 H. 145; 9 Wr. 121; 10 Wr. 
 62. 
 To object to irregular assessment, 7 S. & R. 386. 
 As to boundary, 4 Barr 192. 
 To defend as garnishee of mortgagee, 2 H. 205. 
 Against intruder, 9 W. 344; 1 W. & S. 501; 6 Barr 
 210 ■ 1 C 377 387 
 Liability of^ 14 S. & R. 349 ; 5 W. 348 ; 10 W. 391; 2 
 W. & S. 107, 240; 6 Barr 211; 10 Barr 347; 2 H. 
 239; 11 Wr. 532; 5 S. 186. 
 Duty of, 4 W. & S. 36; 10 Barr 346; 1 J. 351. 
 Waiver of title by, 10 H. 368. 
 Presumption in favor of, 3 S. & R. 298; 8 S. & R. 364 ; 
 
 7 W. 487; 3 W. & S. 515; 4 W. & S. 36, 167, 
 168. 
 
 10. Treasurer's deed for. 
 
 Necessity for, 9 0. 99; 11 S. 444. 
 
 Form of, 7 W. & S. 386. 
 
 After term of office has expired, 10 Barr 341 ; 1 J. 341 ; 
 
 8 0.49; 10 C. 157; 11 S. 444. 
 Effect of irregular execution of, 7 H. 499. 
 Loss, how supplied, 9 Barr 270; 5 C. 139, 319. 
 Admissibihty of in evidence, 1 W. 477; 9 Barr 270; 10 
 
 Barr 511. 
 Presumption in favor of, 7 W. & S. 386. 
 What possession follows, 4 W. & S. 36, 137. 
 Irregularity cured by, 10 W. 208. 
 
806 UNSEATED LANDS. 
 
 UNSEATED LA-NBS— continued. 
 
 Validity of against intruder, 9 W. 344 ; 1 W. & S. 501 ; 
 
 6Barr 210; 1 C. 381; 3 S. 131. 
 Purchase-money for. 
 
 Payment of, 9 W. 297 ; 10 C. 157. 
 Payment of costs and charges, 9 W. 297. 
 Mortgagee entitled to balance, 2 H. 204. 
 
 11. As TO SURPLUS BOND. 
 
 Necessity for, 12 H. 145 ; 17 S. 43. 
 
 Form of, 7 W. 472 ; 9 W. & S. 80. 
 
 Proof of existence of, 10 S. & R. 288 ; 1 W. 42 ; 2 W. 
 
 202 ; 5 W. 288 ; 6 W. 281 ; 8 W. 364 ; 1 W. & S. 
 
 328 ; 5 W. & S. 465. 
 Presumption as to execution of, 6 W. 281; 12 H. 145; 
 
 11 0. 9; 10 Wr. 62; 5 S. 90. 
 Effect of omission to file, 1 W. 42 ; 6 W. 451 ; 10 H. 
 
 219 ; 12 H. 145. 
 Admissibility of in evidence, 4 W. 363 ; 6 W. 451 ; 9 
 
 W. 156; 20 S. 32. 
 Lien of, 3 Barr 90. 
 Action on, 1 J. 483 ; 2 "Wr. 34, 40. 
 
 12. Purchase op by county commissioners. 
 
 As to their right to purchase, 12 H. 145 ; 8 C. 45. 
 Efi-ect of, 4 W. & S. 251; 12 H. 453; 3 C. 166; 8 C. 
 
 45. 
 Right of commissioners to compromise with owner, 4 Barr 
 
 27. 
 13. Right of owner. 
 
 As to redemption of, 3 S. & R. 298 ; 8 S. & R. 357 ; 1 
 
 P. & W. 54; 2 P. & W. 162, 503; 2 W. 436; 5 W. 
 
 389; 8 W. 162; 9 W. 298; 10 W. 407; 3 W. & S. 
 
 514; 4 W. & S. 30, 36, 299; 5 W. & S. 465, 540; 
 
 4 Barr 25; 9 Barr 71; 10 Barr 341, 511; 6 H. 
 
 134 ; 7 H. 267, 441 ; 9 H. 480 ; 10 H. 219 ; 1 C. 
 
 185; 3 C. 154, 166; 5 C. 319, 522; 8 C. 45 ; 11 
 
 C. 9; 2 Wr. 40; 13Wr. 440; 1 S. 377; 2 S. 315; 
 
 7 S. 40; 17 S. 43; 20 S. 220. 
 When to be redeemed, 2 P. & W. 162 ; 5 W. 389 ; 6 W. 
 . & S. 509; 10 Barr 341; 11 Wr. 359; 2 Gr. 88; 6 
 
 S. 374. 
 Proof of, 5 C. 319. 
 Effect of on lien for taxes, 11 C. 9. 
 ■ Effect of error of treasurer on right to redeem, 11 Wr. 
 
 359; 2 S. 315; 7 S. 40. 
 Right of owner to compromise with commissioners, 4 
 
 Barr 27. 
 
UNSEATED LANDS— USER. 807 
 
 UNSEATED LAliiDS— continued. 
 
 Claim for improvements, 3 W. 106 ; 5 W. 348 ; 6 W. 
 
 435 ; 2 W. & S. 107, 114, 240 ; 4 "W. & S. 36 ; 5 
 
 W. & S. 465 ; 2 Barr 22; 13 S. 206. 
 On neglect of purchaser, 4 Barr 18; 10 Barr 347 ; 2 H. 
 
 339. 
 On neglect of treasurer, 8 H. 157. 
 Limitation as to action by, 3 S. & R. 297, 298 ; 8 S. & 
 
 R. 357; 3 W. & S. 510; 4 W. & S. 36, 164 ; 5 W. 
 
 & S. 465 ; 9 Barr 71 ; 8 H. 25 ; 10 H. 219 ; 2 Gr. 
 
 88 ; 6 S. 374, 385 ; 7 S. 18 ; 17 S. 43 ; 20 S. 164. 
 
 UNTIL AFTER HARVEST. 
 Meaning of in will, 14 Wr. 253. 
 
 USAGE. See Custom. 
 
 "USE." 
 
 Under grant, distinguished from prescription, 9 C. 169. 
 Easement acquired by. See Easement. 
 
 USE AND OCCUPATION. 
 
 1. Action fob, 3 D. 504 ; 1 Y. 576, 578 ; 3 S. & R. 500 ; 10 
 
 S. & R. 251 ; 16 S. & R. 287 ; 1 Wh. 18 ; 2 Wh. 42 ; 6 
 Wh. 499 ; 4 H. 458 ; 5 H. 231 ; 12 H. 272. 
 
 2. Basis op action, 3 S. & R. 500 ; 4 H. 458 ; 5 H. 231 ; 12 
 
 H. 272 ; 3 C. 259 ; 12 Wr. 434 ; 9 S. 422 ; 14 S. 58 ; 18 
 S. 57. 
 
 3. Implied conteact to pay, 5 H. 231 ; 3 C. 259 ; 9 S. 
 
 422. 
 
 4. By sheriff's vendee, 14 S. 58. 
 
 5. Possession, when necessary to sustain action for, 10 
 
 S. & R. 251 ; 2 Wh. 42. 
 
 6. Evidence in, 1 Y. 576 ; 3 S. & R. 500 ; 1 Wh. 18 ; 9 S. 
 
 422 ; 18 S. 57. 
 
 7. What will bar recovery for, 16 S. & R. 287; 9 S. 
 
 422. 
 
 8. Liability of county for, 4 H. 458. 
 
 USE OF MILL DAM. 
 
 Covenant to repair implied from, 13 Wr. 234. See Dam. 
 
 " USE PLAINTIFF." See Equitable Plaintiff. 
 
 USER. 
 
 Right of way by. See Roads. 
 
808 USES— USURY. 
 
 USES. 
 Covenant to stand seised to. See Covenant. 
 
 USES, STATUTE OF. 
 Application of. 
 
 1. To DEED OF BAKGAIN AND SALE, 4 W. 447 ; 4 W. & S. 192. 
 
 2. To TRUST ESTATE, 9 H. 72 ; 3 C. 75. 
 
 USUAL. 
 
 Definition of, 1 S. 258. 
 
 USURY. 
 
 1. English Statutes op not in force here, 2 C. 271. 
 
 2. Acts of Assembly relative to, construed, 8 Wr. 32. 
 
 3. What constitutes, 1 D. 216 ; 2 D. 92 ; 4 Y. 220 ; 5 S. 
 
 & R. 51 ; 12 S. & R. 46; 13 S. & R. 218; 4 W. & S. 
 115, 449 ; 8 W. & S. 31 ; 7 Barr 45 ; 1 H. 117 ; 4 H. 
 269; 6 H. 457, 484; 2 C. 259, 271; 12 Wr. 130; 1 
 Gr. 446; 12 S. 481 ; 13 S. 109. 
 
 4. On bond, no defence to scire facias on judgment on, 
 
 15 S. & R. 135. 
 
 5. Effect of. 
 
 On bona fide holder of note, 4 Wh. 223 ; 12 S. 481. 
 
 On contract, 8 W. & S. 31 ; 12 S. 481. 
 
 On mortgage, 12 Wr. 130. 
 
 On endorser's liability, 12 H. 435. 
 
 On consecutive securities, 12 S. 481. 
 
 6. What loans are not legally usury, 1 D. 217 ; 2 D. 91 ; 
 
 4 Y. 220; 1 R. 201; 7 W. 126. 
 
 7. Penalty for, 2 D. 91, 92; 12 Wr. 130. 
 
 8. Recovery back in assumpsit 6 W. & S. 179; 11 C. 
 
 470 ; 12 Wr. 130 ; 13 S. 108. 
 
 9. Payment of usurious debt> effect of, 12 S. 481. 
 
 10. Interest recoverable on usurious paper, 9 C. 33. 
 
 11. Release of excess, effect of, 4 W. & S. 115; 12 Wr. 
 
 130. 
 
 12. Assumpsit to recover excess of interest, 12 Wr. 146 ; 
 
 13 S. 108. 
 
 18. Appropriation of usurious payments, 12 H. 215. 
 
 14. When excess over 6 per cent, allowed as set off, 16 
 
 S. 445. 
 
 15. Claim of by building association, 3 Wr. 137, 154, 156; 
 
 5 Wr. 478. 
 
USURY— VARIANCE. 809 
 
 USURY — continued. 
 
 16. Judgment including usurious interest not impeach- 
 
 able COLLATERALLY, 16 S. 440. 
 
 17. Right of creditor to assign prior liens on account 
 
 OF, 3 Wr. 361 ; 16 S. 440. 
 
 18. Qui tam action for, 6 H. 484. 
 
 UTTERING FORGED PAPER. See Forgery. 
 
 VACANT LANDS. 
 What are, 1 C. 49. 
 Title to, how acquired, 2 W. 384; 4 W. & S. 69. See Land 
 
 Warrant; Settlement. 
 Intrusion on, 6 S. & R. 21; 7 S. & R. 177, 191; 8 W. 69; 1 
 
 W. & S. 174; 4 Barr 29, 201; 2 C. 95; 7 H. 292; 10 
 
 H. 135. 
 
 VACANT OFFICES. 
 
 Right of governor to fill, 5 S. & R. 451; 4 Wh. 186. 
 
 VACATING LAND WARRANT. 
 
 1. Power of proprietaries relative to, 4 B. 180. 
 
 2. When necessary, 14 S. & R. 341; 1 W. 121; 9 S. 155. 
 
 3. When to be taken out, 4 Y. 569. 
 
 4. Presumption in favor of, 2 Y. 81. 
 
 5. Duty of holder of, 1 Barr 463. 
 
 6. When invalid, 4 Y. 329. 
 
 7. When evidence, 4 Y. 328. 
 
 8. Effect of, after improvement and settlement, 1 W. 
 
 121. 
 
 VAGRANTS. 
 
 1. Commitment op, 5 B. 516. 
 
 2. Liability of county for cost of committing, 12 C. 349. 
 
 VAGUE WARRANT. 
 
 1. Title under, 3 Y. 529; 1 P. & W. 74; 11 H. 271. 
 
 2. Abandonment of, 1 P. & W. 74. 
 
 VALUE DISTINGUISHED FROM PRICE, 4 H. 469. 
 VALUED POLICY. See Insurance Policy. 
 
 VARIANCE. 
 
 1. Between precipe and process, 4 D. 268. 
 
 2. Between scire facias and judgment, 9 W. & S. 189; 
 
 1 Y. 76. 
 
SIO VARIANCE— VENDITIONI EXPONAS. 
 
 Y ARl AN G^— continued. 
 
 3. Between writ and declaration, 4 S. & R. 271; 5 S. & 
 
 R. 35; 9 S. & R. 11, 78, 98; 13 S. & R. 17, 29; 14 S. 
 & R. 176. 
 
 4. Between judgment and execution, 4 D. 268. 
 
 5. Between allegation and proof, 1 D. 216; 2 D. 301; 2 
 
 Y. 74, 95, 107, 339, 444; 3 Y. 428, 579; 2 B. 76; 6 B. 
 121; 2 S. & R. 441; 3 S. & R. 202, 564; 5 S. & R. 35, 
 427, 514; 7 S. & R. 469, 505; 11 S. & R. 271; 15 S. & 
 R. 68; 16 S. & R. 150; 2 P. & W. 301; 4 W. 44; 5 W, 
 368 ; 8 W. 181 ; 1 Wh. 167, 269, 292 ; 2 Wh. 313 ; 3 Wh 
 138; 4 Wh. 113; 2 W. & S. 449; 7 Barr 383, 401, 473 
 8 Barr 122; 9 Barr 230, 407 ; 10 Barr 105 ; 1 J. 533 
 1 H. 331 ; 2 H. 315 ; 4 H. 160 ; 10 H. 455 ; 3 C. 112 
 8 Wr. 510. 
 
 6. Between narr. and replication, 2 W. 306. 
 
 7. In official bond, 1 W. & S. 261. 
 
 8. Between judgment and distringas, 1 Y. 505. 
 
 9. Must be substantial to be noticed, 9 S. & R. 63; 2 
 
 Wr. 81. 
 
 10. Remedy for, 1 D. 21 ; 4 D. 268 ; 2 B. 76 ; 4 S. & R. 271 ; 
 
 5S. &R. 514; 13 S. & R. 17. 
 
 11. Objection to, when to be made, 9 S. & R. 63 ; 10 W. 
 
 440. 
 In case, 3 Y. 428. 
 Waiver of, 2 B. 76. 
 
 VENDITIONI EXPONAS. 
 
 1. A PORTION OF FIERI FACIAS, 16 S. 216. 
 
 2. Necessity for, 4 Y. 212. 
 
 3. Effect of death of defendant on right to sue out, 5 
 
 B. 50; 9 Barr 305. 
 
 4. Invalid without inquisition to condemn, 3 P. & W. 
 
 475. See Inquest, V. 3. 
 
 5. Controlled by levy, ] R. 155. 
 
 6. Existence of, how proved, 2 Y. 456. 
 
 7. Not to be issued with fieri facias, 2 Gr. 107. 
 
 8. Amendment of, 1 D. 197; 3 W. 87; 2 Barr 335; 3 Barr 
 
 325. 
 
 9. Inadmissible after inquisition and extension, 2 Gr. 
 
 206. 
 10. Control of plaintiff over, 10 H. 303. 
 
VENDITIONI EXPONAS— VEEDICT. 811 
 
 VENDITIONI EXPO'S AS— continued. 
 
 11. As TO RETURN OF, 2 Wr. 49. 
 
 12. Effect of failure to issue against defaulting debtor 
 
 in elegit, 4 c. 169. 
 
 13. Testatum. 
 
 Acknowledgment of deed under, 8 H. 170. 
 
 14. Sale under. See Sheriff's Sale. 
 
 VENDUE. See Auction ; Public Sale. 
 
 VENDUE CRIER. 
 
 Right of, to purchase at sale, 12 Wr. 68. 
 
 VENIRE FACIAS. 
 
 1. Object of, 5 B. 51. 
 
 2. Award of, 4 Y. 517; 1 B. 238; 1 H. 273. 
 
 3. Practice as to in United States Court, 3 D. 414. 
 
 4. Refusal op on reversal in error, 1 B. 537, 538 ; 1 S. 
 
 & R. 309; 5 S. & R. 351; 8 S. & R. 134; 4 W. 51; 7 
 C. 106. 
 
 VENUE. 
 
 1. Change of, 8 W. 450; 1 W. & S. 315; 6 C. 517 ; 2 Gr. 
 
 438; 17 S. 153. 
 
 2. Want of, a reason for arrest of judgment, 2 Y. 1 ; 3 
 
 Gr. 155. 
 
 3. In railroad cases. See Railroads. 
 
 VERDICT. 
 I. In civil case. 
 
 1. Power of court to mould into form, 1 D. 46, 134 ; 2 
 
 D. 156, 161, 165, 212 ; 3 D. 184 ; 1 Y. 205, 441 ; 1 
 B. 502 ; 2 B. 514; 1 S. & R. 202 ; 2 S. & R. 537 ; 9 
 S. & R. 156 ; 11 S. & R. 202 ; 13 S. & R. 45 ; 7 W. 
 11, 38; 5 W. & S. 252; 1 Barr 238; 10 Barr 369; 1 
 H. 117 ; 10 H. 351 ; 11 H. 288 ; 1 Wr. 465; 9 Wr. 
 22 ; 12 Wr. 387, 445; 7 S. 439; 12 S. 45, 56, 129; 
 15 S. 310; 16 S. 322. 
 
 2. First given in dollars and cents in Pennsylvania, 2 
 
 D. 219. 
 
 3. Certainty required in, 10 S. & R. 153; 16 S. & R. 
 
 245-; 17 S. & R. 431; 5 W. 79; 4 Barr 196. 
 
 4. Must cover all matters in issue, 2 Y. 298; 2 B. 
 
 515; 1 S. & R. 202; 6 W. 373; 12 S. 457. 
 
812 VERDICT. , 
 
 Y'ERmCT— continued. 
 
 5. Surplusage in, 1 B. 502; 8 S. & R. 441; 1 W. 
 
 259. 
 
 6. When void, 2 R. 53 ; 12 S. 457. 
 
 7. Power of jury to amend, 4 S. & R. 260 ; 16 S. & R. 
 
 414; 4 W. 357 ; 7 W. 12, 38 ; 10 H. 185, 351 ; 11 H. 
 501 ; 7 C. 132. 
 
 8. General. 
 
 When there are several counts or issues, 11 H. 394; 2 
 
 Gr. 39; 9 S. 489. 
 When all defendants are not summoned, 2 C. 327. 
 Includes and settles all issues, 9 W. 567. 
 When counts in narr. are incongruous, 9 S. & R. 23 ; 5 
 
 Barr 60; 2 H. 352; 6 C. 75. 
 When some counts are bad, 9 S. & R. 294 ; 1 W. 489. 
 On common and special counts, 2 Wr. 128. 
 When there are several issues, 12 S. & R. 389. 
 
 9. Entry of judgment on proper count, 2 D. 229 ; 4 Y. 
 
 442 ; 1 S. & R. 202 ; 9 S. & R. 23; 6 H. 243 ; 4 C. 
 149. 
 
 10. Rendering of. 
 
 At residence of juror, 1 S. 387. 
 
 Not after adjournment, 3 Barr 379 ; 2 S. 199 ; 12 S. 
 
 177. 
 Not on Sunday, 3 W. 56. 
 
 11. Recording the only legal, 2 D. 347 ; 10 S. & R. 84 ; 
 
 16 S. & R. 415 ; 10 H. 351 ; 2 Wr. 138. 
 
 12. Special. See Special Verdict. 
 
 13. Pro forma, 1 Y. 413 ; 10 H. 120, 185 ; 9 Wr. 222. 
 
 14. Conditional, 1 D. 364 ; 5 S. & R. 167, 323 ; 7 S. & 
 
 R. 147; 8 S. & R. 418; 2 R. 326; 2 P. & W. 50, 
 
 159, 287; 4 W. 287; 6 W. 207; 7 W. 323; 9 W. 
 
 496 ; 3 W. & S. 390 ; 4 W. & S. 27, 137, 412 ; 8 W. 
 
 & S. 172 ; 2 Barr 289, 295 ; 3 Barr 161, 171; 5 Barr 
 
 112; IJ. 35; 1 H. 191; 2 H. 342; 7H.183; 11 H. 
 
 421; 12 H. 28, 76, 135; 1 C. 399; 5 C. 216; 7 C. 
 
 58; 8 C. 205, 307: 1 Wr. 312; 2 Wr. 69; 3 Wr. 
 
 513; 4 Wr. 341, 479, 492; 6 Wr. 165; 10 Wr. 96, 
 
 508; 11 Wr. 353; 1 Gr. 448; 3 S. 161; 9 S. 433; 
 
 12 S. 132; 17 S. 39; 20 S. 64. 
 Judgment on, 4 Wr. 479 ; 1 S. 225; 12 S. 182. 
 Waiver of forfeiture under, 1 S. 225. 
 Right of plaintiff when title required under cannot be 
 made, 10 Wr. 96 ; 20 S. 64. 
 
VERDICT. 813 
 
 YERDIGT— continued. 
 
 Powers of court to enlarge time named in, 9 W. & S. 82; 
 2 S. 161. 
 
 15. On collateral issues, 4 Y. 441. 
 
 16. Sealing of, 2 D. 347 ; 2 Wr. 138 ; 1 S. 387. 
 
 17. May exceed claim in naek., 1 W. 428. 
 
 18. Interest on, 6 0. 340 ; 1 Wr. 465. 
 
 19. Conclusiveness of, 4 Y. 13 ; 2 S. & R. 84; 6 W. 349, 
 
 373; 17 S. 153. 
 
 20. Impeachment of. 
 
 When and for what set aside, 1 D. 82 ; 4 D. 108, 114 ; 
 
 1 Y. 372 ; 2 Y. 164, 514, 522, 523, 527 ; 4 Y. 437, 
 
 467, 477 ; 2 B. 129, 455 ; 4 B. 150 ; 5 B. 26; 1 S. 
 
 & R. 327 ; 16 S. & R. 416 ; 10 W. 90 ; 1 H. 90 ; 
 
 16 S. 322. 
 Motion for, when made, 4 Y. 384. 
 
 21. Errors and omissions cured by, 1 D. 462; 3 D. 
 
 368, 408 ; 4 D. 108, 354, 438; 4 Y. 180, 420, 423 ; 2 
 Y. 537; 2 S. & R. 300, 219; 3 S. & R. 260; 5 S. & 
 R. 358, 391; 4 S. & R. 271; 7 S. & R. 309; 8 S. & 
 R. 441 ; 9 S. & R. 16, 156, 434 ; 10 S. & R. 155 ; 11 
 S. & R. 27, 98 ; 13 S. & R. 29; 14 S. & R. 399; 15 
 S. & R. 61 ; 16 S. & R. 371 ; 17 S. & R. 116, 250, 
 424; 2 R. 280; 5 R. 124; 1 W. 23, 428; 7 W. 
 237, 323; 8 W. 25, 300; 10 W. 265; 4 Wh. 498; 6 
 Wh. 547; 5 W. & S. 535: 5 Barr 18; 7 Barr 241; 
 2 H. 510, 516; 3 H. 21; 5 H. 248; 6 H. 243; 12 H. 
 401; 5 C. 441; 7 C. 470; 10 C. 324; 4 S. 9. 
 What not cured by, 4 W. 287; 5 W. & S. 252, 438; 4 
 
 Barr 138; 5 Barr 204; 2 H. 69; 10 H. 94; 3 C. 
 
 263. 
 
 22. Record of, when evidence, 1 D. 120, 419; 3 Y. 130; 
 
 2B. 70, 72; 5 B. 97; 6 B. 430 ; 4 S. & R. 246; 16 
 S. & R. 287; 4 R. 273; 9 W. & S. 9; 2 Barr 31, 210, 
 202; 5 Barr 49; 7 Barr 415; 9 Barr 345. 
 
 23. Right of plaintiff to remit on motion for new 
 
 TRIAL, 2 Wr. 237; 3 Wr. 307. 
 
 24. Judgment, non obstante when improper, 12 Wr. 291 ; 
 
 4 S. 373. 
 II. In criminal cases. 
 
 1. Guilty "in manner and form," &c., effect op, 9 
 
 Wr. 392. 
 
 2. Power of jury to fix grades of murder in, 12 Wr. 
 
 396. 
 
814 VESSEL— VOID DEVISE. 
 
 VESSEL. 
 
 Sale of, 3 D. 491; 4 D. 384; 1 Y. 3; 2 Y. 420. 
 
 VESTED. 
 
 I. Lesact. See Legacy. 
 
 II. Remainders. 
 
 1. Definition of, 1 Wr. 105, 482; OWr. 398. 
 
 2. Creation of by will, 1 Y. 132, 411; 1 S. & R. 374; 
 
 3 S. & R. 470; 15 S. & R. 192; 17 S. & R. 61, 441; 
 7 W. & S. 279; 2 Barr 69; 5 Rarr 503; 11 H. 31, 
 381; 2 C. 215; 4 0. 89; 5 C. 118; 6 C. 175; 7 C. 
 94; 1 Wr. 23, 105, 373, 482; 9 Wr. 398; 1 S. 504; 
 
 4 S. 245; 11 S. 114. See Wills. 
 
 III. Estates. 
 
 Preferred in construing will, 11 H. 9, 381, 388; 6 C. 
 175; 1 S. 504; 11 S. 111. 
 
 IV. Rights. 
 
 In public roads. 
 
 Power of legislature to divest, 4 C. 199. 
 
 VIEW. 
 
 Jury of. See RoADS ; Railroads. 
 
 VIGILANTIBUS BT NON DORMIENTIBUS, &c. 
 Application of maxim, 1 Y. 290 ; 5 S. 67. 
 
 VINE STREET, PHILADELPHIA. 
 
 Grant of, construed, 4 H. 79. 
 
 VIRGINIA. 
 
 1. Expatriation laws of, 3 D. 133, 169. 
 
 2. Basis of compact with, 2 P. & W. 49. 
 
 3. Value of sterling money in, 3 D. 368. 
 
 4. Certificate of title by, 1 Y. 516 ; 2 Y. 445 ; 2 P. & W. 
 . 49. 
 
 5. British debts in, 2 D. 199, 285. 
 
 6. Improvement rights on waste lands, 2 P. & W. 49. 
 
 VOID ACTS, 3 S. &-R. 139; 2 W. 13. 
 
 VOID AND VOIDABLE. 
 
 Distinguished, 8 Wr. 9. 
 
 VOID CONTRACT. 
 
 Ratification of. See Contract. 
 
 VOID DEVISE. See Devise. 
 
VOID JUDGMENT— WAGES. 815 
 
 VOID JUDGMENT. 
 
 Power of auditor over. See Auditor. 
 
 VOID WRITS. See Process. 
 VOIRE DIRE. See Witnesses. 
 
 VOLUNTARY CONVEYANCE. See Fraudulent Convey- 
 ance. 
 
 VOUNTARY PAYMENTS, 1 D. 148; 6 S. & R. 369; 10 S. 
 
 6 R. 219; 3 P. & W. 170, 172; 3 Wh. 415; 2 Barr 80, 237; 
 
 7 H. 181; 11 H. 415; 1 C. 112. 
 
 VOLUNTARY SERVICES, 5 W. & S. 357; 1 C. 75; 2 C. 
 384; 5 C. 184; 7 C. 418. See Service. 
 
 VOLUNTARY SURETY. 
 
 Rights and liability of, 9 Barr 21. 
 
 VOLUNTEERS IN MILITARY SERVICE. 
 
 1. Right oj? to vote, 5 Wr. 403, 429. 
 
 2. Stay of process against, 8 W. 313, 322. 
 
 VOTE. 
 
 In legislature, when evidence, 1 D. 9. 
 
 WAGER. 
 
 1. When not enforced, 6 Wh. 176; 1 H. 601; 5 S. 294. 
 
 2. Recovery of. from stakeholder, IS. & R. 36; 16 S. 
 
 & R. 147; 3 P. & W. 468, 494; 7 W. 343; 3 W. & S. 
 405; 6 W. & S. 243; 2 H. 19; 6 H. 329; 3 S. 138. 
 Notice not to pay over, effect of, 2 W. & S. 59. 
 
 3. Recovery of, from winning party, 1 R. 458; 6 Wh. 
 
 176; 6 W. & S. 485. 
 
 4. Recovery of money lent to be wagered on election, 2 
 
 H. 18; 1 C. 131; 3 S. 138. 
 
 5. Validity of note or check given for, 6 Wh. 176 ; 1 H. 
 
 601. 
 
 WAGERING POLICY OF INSURANCE, 3 Y. 438. See 
 
 Insurance Policy. 
 
 WAGES. See Services. 
 
 1. Definition of, 9 C. 241. 
 
 2. Of laborer. 
 
 Preference as to payment of, 5 C. 328; 2 Wr. 164; 10 
 
 Wr. 57. 
 Exemption from execution, 13 Wr. 147, 387; 5 Barr 
 
 115; 5 C. 264; 9 C. 241; 12 C. 342. 
 
816 WAGES— WAIVER. 
 
 WAGES — continued. 
 
 3. Of bar keeper, 3 S. & R. 351. 
 
 4. Of miners, 5 C. 328; 9 0. 241. 
 
 5. Of mariner. See Mariner. 
 
 6. Of servants. 
 
 Preference as to payment of, 3 S. & R. 357; 17 S. & R. 
 
 292; 9 0. 395. 
 Exemption from attachment, 5 Barr 115; 5 C. 264; 9 
 
 C. 241; 12 C. 342; 12 Wr. 147, 387. 
 When not recoverable in law, 3 W. 263. 
 Liability of contractor's principal for, 2 J. 236; 5 C. 
 
 328. 
 
 7. Implied contract for, between relatives. See As- 
 
 sumpsit. 
 
 WAGONER. 
 
 1. When a common carrier, 1 W. & S. 285. 
 
 2. CoMTETENCY AS WITNESS, 3 Barr 13. 
 
 3. Entitled to mechanic's lien, 2 Wr. 151. 
 
 WAIVER. 
 
 1. Of personal rights generally, 7 W. 43 ; 5 W. & S. 476 ; 
 
 3 Barr 178; 5 0. 320; 10 S. 471. 
 
 2. Of trial by jury, 7 C. 311. 
 
 3. By plea. See. Pleas. 
 
 4. Of irregularity in judicial proceedings, 1 R. 171 ; 8 
 
 W. 280; 6 W. & S. 604; 7 W. & S. 125; 5 Barr 168, 
 204; 8H. 433; 12 Wr. 86, 161. 
 
 5. Op technical objections, 10 S. & R. 375; 17 S. & R. 
 
 116; 2 P. & W. 82; 6 W. 516; 4 Barr 29; 11 C. 416. 
 
 6. Of forfeiture. See Forfeiture. 
 
 7. Op performance of contract. See Contract. 
 
 8. Op lien, 3 Wr. 342. 
 
 9. Of exemption law. See Exemption, I. 6, II. 8. 
 
 10. In Orphans' Court sale. See Orphans' Court. 
 
 11. Of inquisition to condemn land. See Inquest, V. 2. 
 
 12. By Commonwealth of condition broken by corpora- 
 
 tion, 11 S. 265. 
 
 13. Of right of action. See Action. 
 
 14. Of torts. See Tort. 
 
 15. Op condition. See Covenant; Insurance. 
 
 16. By implication, 1 C. 64. 
 
 17. When a question of fact, 6 Wr. 206. 
 
"WANT— WARRANTEE OP LAND. 817, 
 
 WANT. 
 
 I. Op consideration. 
 
 1. When a defence, 2 W. 46 ; 7 W. 130, 207 ; 3 W. & S. 260, 
 410 ; 4 Wh. 249 ; 3 W. & S. 260, 400 ; 1 Barr 86 ; 10 
 Barr 170 ; 4 H. 260 ; 10 C. 138 ; 1 Wr. 368 ; 4 Wr. 
 467; 7 Wr. 207; 12 S. 23; 19 S. 225. See Con- 
 
 TKACT 14. 
 
 II. Of probable cause. See Malicious Prosecution. 
 
 WAR. 
 
 When it exists, 4 D. 37, 43. 
 
 WARDEN. 
 
 Competency to prove contents of journal, 1 S. 332. 
 
 WAREHOUSE. 
 
 Of railroad company not for public use, 12 S. 218. 
 
 WAREHOUSEMEN. 
 
 1. Liability of, 1 W. & S. 222: 9 Barr 149; 6 C. 247. 
 
 2. When carrier is liable as an, 9 Barr 114; 1 C. 338;. 
 
 6 G. 247; 9 S. 32.' 
 
 WARRANT. 
 
 I. Of attorney. 
 
 1. To confess judgment. See Judgment. 
 
 2. Effect of agreement not to enter up, 6 S. & R. 
 
 168 ; 9 S. & R. 187 ; 7 W. & S. 406 ; 7Barr 117 ; 1 J. 
 233; 3 H. 117; 10 H. 359-; 4 0. 179; 10 C. 365; 10 
 Wr. 144. 
 
 3. Validity of after death of principal, 2 Wr. 480. 
 
 II. Of arrest. 
 
 1. Object of, 8 Gr. 406, 418. 
 
 2. Form of, 3 Y. 478; 3 B. 38 ; 6 B. 123. 
 
 3. Practice under Act of 1842, 3 Wr. 302. 
 
 III. To collect taxes, 3 R. 95. See Tax Collector. 
 
 WARRANTEE OF LAND. 
 
 1. Entry by under Act of 1792, 5 W. 391. ' ' 
 
 2. Assent to survey, when presumed, 1 C. 240. 
 
 3. Joint, when not tenants in common, 14 S. & R. 864. 
 
 4. Duty of. 
 
 As to survey and return, 1 P. & W. 74, 454 ; 1 W. 46 ; 
 
 4 W. 138; 5 W. & S. 168; 6 Barr 21 ; 11 H. 271; 
 
 12 H. 277. 
 As to improvement and possession, 2 P. & W. 397; 1 W. 
 
 & S. 173; 11 H. 271; 12 H. 277. 
 52 
 
818 WAKKANTEE OF LAND— "WARKANTY. 
 
 WARRANTEE OF LAT^J)— continued. 
 
 Election by as between two warrants, 2 C. 122. 
 As to title after eviction, 5 W. 323. 
 Presumption as to performance of, 3 S. 428. 
 
 5. Abandonment by, 5 W. 465; 2 C. 122 ; 3 S. 427. 
 
 6. Trust between warrantee and one who has paid the 
 
 PURCHASE-MONEY, 6 H. 288 ; 6 C. 133 ; 12 Wr. 187 ; 8 
 S. 266. See Land Warrant. 
 
 WARRANTOR. 
 
 1. Duty of. 
 
 As to defence of title on notice, 15 S. & R. 45. 
 
 2. Right of. 
 
 To reconveyance after eviction, 5 W. 323. 
 
 To notice of ejectment v. vendee, 3 W. & S. 407. 
 
 3. Effect of verdict against warrantee, 5 W. 323. 
 
 WARRANTY. 
 
 1. Distinguished from representation, 2 B. 371 ; 7 S. & 
 
 R. 480 ; 3 R. 23, 47 ; 9 W. 55 ; 8 H. 448 ; 12 Wr. 867. 
 
 2. Distinguished from description. 2 B. 331 ; 3 R. 23 ; 
 
 10 Barr 320 ; 7 H. 375 ; 10 Wr. 268 ; 13 Wr. 36, 507. 
 
 3. Effect op in will, 20 S. 244. 
 
 4. Effect op on operative words of instrument, 1 S. 
 
 126. 
 
 5. What assertions amount to, 2 B. 363 ; 9 W. 55, 121 ; 
 
 10 Barr 320. 
 
 6. Definition of express warranty, 9 W. 55. 
 
 7. On sale of chattels, 9 W. 55 ; 1 W. & S. 513 ; 6 H. 
 
 203; 8 H. 106, 236, 422 ; 1 Wr. 147. See Sales, I. 
 
 8. On sale by sample, 3 R. 23, 168; 10 Barr 320; 7 H. 
 
 875 ; 2 Wr. 396. See Sales. 
 
 9. Implied, 3 Y. 260 ; 1 S. & R. 42 ; 10 Barr 320 ; 3 H. 
 
 316 ; 6 H. 206 ; 8 H. 448 ; 10 C. 2B6 ; 1 Wr. 147, 187 ; 
 3 Wr. 88. 
 
 10. Of title. 
 
 Implied in partition. See Partition. 
 Implied in exchange. See Exchange. 
 In deed must be created by deed, 20 S. 244. 
 General and special discussed, 1 Wr. 318: 11 Wr. 73. 
 Effect of general warranty, 4 D. 443 ; 12 H. 128. 
 When unnecessary, 2 II. 308. 
 Runs with the land, 11 S. 328. See Covenant 18. 
 Presumption arising from acceptance of land with cove- 
 nant of, 2 P. & W. 19. 
 
WARRANTY— WASTE. 819 
 
 W Ann AlfTY— continued. 
 
 Duty of vendor as to, 5 W. 368; 12 H. 123; 10 Wr. 
 229. 
 
 Right of vendee under, 12 H. 128. 
 
 By married woman, 5 W. 406 ; 7 S. 426. 
 
 Not broken by entry of Commonwealth, 9 W. 152; 2 J, 
 75; 7 C. 37. 
 
 When not implied, 1 Wr. 818. 
 
 Not broken without eviction, 20 S. 245. See Covenant 
 19 ; Eviction 1. 
 
 When binding on executors, 3 C. 257, 288. 
 
 Vendee entitled only to special warranty, 11 Wr. 73. 
 
 Retention of purchase-money for breach of, 10 Wr. 229, 
 350 ; 12 Wr. 107 ; 14 Wr. 513. See Purchase- 
 money 18. 
 
 Against liens and encumbrances. See Covenant 18. 
 
 Waiver of, 2 S. & R. 11. 
 
 Estoppel by, 7 Barr 111. See Estoppel 6. 
 
 Compliance with, 8 S. & R. 268; 9 S. & R. 212. 
 
 Collateral. See Collateral Warranty. 
 
 11. Action for breach of, 3 R. 23 ; 9 W. 55; 10 W. 107 ; 3 
 
 W. & S. 407; 2 C. 277; 20 S. 248. See Covenant 19. 
 Evidence in, 3 W. 306; 6 H. 203; 8 S. 480. 
 
 12. Breach of used as set off against purchase-money, 5 
 
 B. 355; 1 S. &R. 477; 3 S. &R. 388; 12S. &R. 275; 
 
 6 H. 130; 7 H. 375; 8 H. 448; 10 C. 236; 1 Wr. 148;, 
 1 S. 259. See Purchase-money 18. 
 
 13. Damages for breach of, 8 H. 422; 1 Wr. 150. 
 
 WARREN AND FRANKLIN RAILROAD COMPANY. 
 Power of to build road under Acts of 1861, 1862, 1863, 1864, 
 4 S. 28. 
 
 WASHINGTON COLLEGE. 
 
 Union of with Jefferson discussed, 13 S. 436. 
 
 WASHINGTON, GENERAL GEORGE. 
 
 Letter of discharge to Philadelphia Troop of Light Horse. 
 Ownership of settled in equity, 18 S. 16. 
 
 WASTE. 
 
 1. What constitutes, 2 D. 211, 212; 2 Y. 261; 12 S. & 
 
 R. 272; 4 W. 460; 1 H. 438; 5 H. 281 ; 7 H. 323; 12 
 H. 162; 5 C. 382; 8 Wr. 264; 9 Wr. 445; 6 S. 119 
 
 7 S. 83; 12 S. 252; 19 S. 474. 
 
 2. Who liable for, 4 W. 460 ; 6 W. & S. 169; 12 H. 162 ; 
 
 7 C. 44; 5 Wr. 357 ; 9 Wr. 445 ; 6 S. 119 ; 12 S. 252. 
 
 3. Where cognisable, 2 W. 295; 5 C. 382. 
 
820 WASTE— WATERCOUESE. 
 
 Vif ASHE— continued. 
 
 4. Action for, 6 W. & S. 169 ; 12 H. 162 ; 8 Wr. 170. See 
 Estrepement; Injunction. 
 
 By cestui que trust before acquiring title, 2 Gr. 334. 
 Defence to action for, 6 W. & S. 169. 
 
 WASTE WATEE. 
 
 In streets, duty of corporation as to, 10 Barr 93. 
 
 WATER. 
 
 1. Grant of, construed, 5 S. 165 ; 15 S. 444. 
 
 2. Drainage of between adjoineks, 2 W. 327 ; 8 W. & S. 
 
 40 ; 6 Barr 32 ; 9 Barr 74; 12 H. 2 ; 2 C. 407, 417 ; 11 
 Wr. 154. 
 
 WATER COMPANY. 
 
 1. Application op Mechanics' Lien Law to, 10 S. 27. 
 
 2. Liability of, for diverting watercourse, 3 W. & S. 
 
 460; 15 S. 288. 
 
 3. Manner of assessing damages against, 15 S. 288. 
 
 4. When damages to be paid, 15 S. 288. 
 
 WATERCOURSE. 
 
 1. Shore on bank of, defined, 2 H. 171. 
 
 2. When a boundary in survey. See Survey. 
 
 3. Proper use of. 7 Barr 363, 368, 473; 12 H. 298; 2 C. 
 
 407, 417; 15 S. 444. 
 
 4. Corruption of, 3 R. 256; 4 S. 40, 164; 7 S. 142; 11 S. 
 
 302. 
 
 5. Overflowing land along, 4 D. 147 ; 1 R. 218 ; 2 R. 
 
 83; 4 W. & S. 362; 10 Barr 93 ; 1 C. 519, 528; 6 Wr. 
 58; 5 S. 419. 
 
 6. Diverting, 8 Barr 13; 12 H. 298; 13 S. 475; 14 S. 19, 
 
 93, 387. 
 
 7. Obstructing flow of, 4 D. 147 ; 8 C. 398 ; 6 Wr. 58. 
 
 8. Rights of riparian owners to, generally. See Ripa- 
 
 rian Owners. 
 
 9. Dams in. See Dams. 
 
 10. Action for injury to. See Case. 
 
 Declaration, 8 Barr 14 ; 9 H. 288 ; 5 C. 59. 
 
 Evidence, 1 R. 218 ; 2 R. 83 ; 2 C. 342 ; 5 C. 59 ; 7 S. 
 
 142. 
 Verdict, 4 D. 147 ; 8 Barr 13. 
 Damages, 4 D. 147; 1 R. 218 ; 2 R. 83 ; 4 W. & S. 362; 
 
 8 Barr 13. 
 
"WATERCOURSE— WATER POWER. 821 
 
 WATERCOURSE— cow^mMetZ. 
 
 11. Rights and liabilities of party authorized to im- 
 
 prove NAVIGATION OF, 13 Wr. 424 ; 15 S. 243, 254. 
 
 12. Subterranean watercourse, 1 C. 528 ; 5 C. 59 ; 9 
 
 Wr. 514. 
 
 WATER FRONTAGE. 
 
 How ascertained, 13 S. 224. 
 
 WATER MARK. 
 
 1. On navigable rivers, 2 Wh. 508; 4 C. 206; 7 C. 87, 43; 
 
 6 Wr. 147, 219; 9 Wr. 61; 10 S. 339. 
 
 2. Location of, 13 S. 66; 20 S. 138. 
 
 3. Right of Commonwealth to land between high and 
 
 LOW, IP. & W. 482; 10 S. 339. 
 
 WATER PIPES. 
 
 Municipal claim for, in Philadelphia, 8 C. 387; 15 S. 160. 
 
 WATER POWER. 
 
 1. Grant of, 1 Y. 92 ; 5 S. & R. 107 ; 10 S. & R. 63 ; 3 
 
 R. 76 ; 9 W. 516 ; 5 Wh. 584 ; 6 Wh. 208 ; 7 Barr 473 ; 
 3 H. 296; 11 H. 106 ; 12 H. 298; 1 C. 528; 7 Wr. 267 ; 
 13 Wr. 234. 
 
 2. Grant of by legislature, what passes by, 7 Barr 348. 
 
 3. Proof of, 1 Y. 92 ; 10 S. & R. 63; 3 R. 84; 2 W. 4G6. 
 
 4. From canal, contract for construed, 2 Wh. 476; 5 C. 
 
 170. 
 
 5. Prescriptive right to, 10 S. & R. 383 ; 2 W. 466 ; 9 
 
 Wr. 61. 
 
 6. Right by prior appropriation, 3 R. 84. 
 
 7. Caveat emptor, application of maxim to purchaser of, 
 
 5 W. 308. 
 
 8. License to use. 
 
 By parol, 4 W. 317. 
 
 When irrevocable, 14 S. & R 267 ; 4 Barr 358. 
 
 9. Misuse of, 5 W. 102 ; 2 Wh. 383 ; 5 Wh. 584 ; 3 H. 
 
 296; 6 H. 498; 1 0. 519; 6 Wr. 58; 13 Wr. 424. 
 
 10. Extent of, how measured, 1 C. 519. 
 
 11. Covenant to furnish, construed, 9 W. 516. 
 
 12. Rights of riparian owners to, 3 R. 84; 2 W. 327; 8 
 
 W. & S. 40; 6 Barr 32; 9 Barr 74; 2 J. 248; 11 H. 
 106; 6 Wr. 219; 9 Wr. 61; 19 S. 93. 
 
 13. Rights of joint owners op, 4 Barr 358 ; 3 H. 296; 5 H. 
 
 497; 6 H. 498; 8 C. 395; 6 Wr. 58; 13 Wr. 424; 19 
 S. 98. 
 
822 WATER-POWER— WHARVES. 
 
 WATER-POWER— cowfowMed 
 
 14. Rule for regulation op as to mills, 10 S. & R. 63; 3 
 
 R. 84, 96, 256; 2 W. 327; 5 W. 102; 7 W. 162 ; 6 
 Barr 32; 7 Barr 440 ; 9 Barr 32; 2 J. 248; 3 H. 296 ; 
 
 5 H. 173, 497; 6 H. 498; 5 C. 99; 6 Wr. 58; 13 Wr. 
 424 ; 19 S. 93. 
 
 15. Extinguishment op right to by nonusbr, 19 S. 93. 
 
 16. Injunction in case op, 1 Wr. 100; 5 C. 170; 4 S. 164; 
 
 6S. 188; 14 S. 387. 
 
 17. Liability for injury to, 4 W. & S. 85 ; 6 W. & S. 114 ; 
 
 6 Wh. 109; 4 H. 192; 12 C. 194; 1 Wr. 479; 10 Wr. 
 521; 14 Wr. 268; 11 S. 302; 14 S. 387. 
 
 18. Instrumental measurement op, 9 Wr. 61. 
 
 WATER WAY. 
 
 Area of, under act authorizing erection of bridges, 6 Wr. 219. 
 
 WAY. See Roads. 
 
 WAY-GOING CROP. See Crops; Landlord; Sheriff's 
 
 Vendee; Tenant. 
 
 WEAVER'S LOOM. 
 
 Exempt from distress, 2 Wh. 25. 
 
 WBLLSBOROUGH AND TIOGA PLANK COMPANY. 
 
 Liability of, after sale of property, 7 S. 418. 
 
 VfEIGHTS AND MEASURES IN PENNSYLVANIA, 1 C. 
 114; 5 C. 27. 
 
 WEST BRANCH CANAL. 
 Stock of, taxable, 11 Wr. 106. 
 
 WESTMORELAND COUNTY. 
 
 Overseers of poor in, 8 C. 178. 
 
 WHARFINGER. 
 
 Definition of, 8 C. 111. 
 
 1. Right op, to sell goods for wharfage, 6 Wr. 173. 
 
 2. Liability of, 8 C. 111. 
 
 WHARF RATES. 
 
 Action to recover, 12 Wr. 118. 
 
 WHARVES. 
 
 1. In Philadelphia, 8 S. & R. 50 ; 7 Barr 185 ; 5 H. 104. 
 
 2. Decision of port wardens as to, 6 C. 510. 
 
 3. Right op riparian owner to erect, 7 Barr 185. 
 
WHARVES— WIDOW. 823 
 
 WRARVES— continued. 
 
 4. Duty op ownee op, 10 H. 54. 
 
 5. Liability op owner op, 10 H. 54. 
 
 " WHEN." 
 
 Meaning of, in will, 2 W. & S. 227. 
 
 "WHENEVER." 
 
 Meaning of, in will, 1 D. 175; 5 W. 433; 11 H. 31. 
 
 "WHEN LAWFULLY REQUIRED." 
 Meaning of, 4 W. 265. 
 
 "WHEN PAID." 
 
 Meaning of, 15 S. & R. 114 ; 16 S. & R. 302. 
 
 WHISKEY INSURRECTION. 
 
 Indictment for engaging in, 2 D. 345, 357. 
 
 WHITE DEER IMPROVEMENT COMPANY. 
 
 Charter of, construed, 17 S. 415. 
 
 WIDOW. 
 
 I. Legal definition op, 1 S. 438. 
 
 II. Rights of. 
 
 As to personal estate of husband. 
 
 1. To administer, 4 W. 38; 4 H. 110; 2 Wr. 246; 4 S. 
 
 175; 7 S. 356. 
 
 2. To nominate administrator, 4 H. 110; 7 S. 356. 
 
 3. On bequest to continue during widowhood, 6 W! 88; 
 
 7 W. 15, 185, 203; 2 Ban- 301; 8 Barr 38; 10 Barr 
 423 ; 10 Wr. 527 ; 2 S. 149. 
 
 4. To ELECT OR REFUSE UNDER WILL, 2 Y. 302, 389; 1 H. 
 
 518; 5 H. 449; 14 Wr. 394; 2 S. 137; 19 S. 194. 
 See Election 1. 
 
 5. To prove gift, donatio causa mortis, 3 B. 360. 
 5. To interest on legacy, 2 Barr 221. 
 
 7. To ARREARS OP INTEREST, 10 S. 354. 
 
 8. To CLAIM MONEY RECEIVED BY HUSBAND, 3 Wh. 48; 12 
 
 C. 410; 7 C. 396; 2 Wr. 279; 4 Wr. 74, 94; 2 S. 
 195, 412. See Married Women, I. 
 
 9. To BENEFIT OP EXEMPTION Law. See Exemption, I. 
 
 10. To be reimbursed out of husband's real estate por 
 
 DEBTS PAID BY, 2 S. 135. 
 
 11. To DAMAGES FOR DEATH OP HUSBAND, 4 Wr. 95; 11 
 
 Wr. 244; 1 S. 315, 475; 2 S. 282, 366. See Inn- 
 keeper, II. 2; Railroad Companies, IX. 3. 
 
824 WIDOW. 
 
 WID (yW— continued. 
 
 12. To REMAINS OP DECEASED HUSBAND, 6 Wr. 296. 
 
 13. To CONTEST WILL OF HUSBAND, 5 C. 298. 
 
 14. By SURVIVORSHIP. See Married Women. 
 As to real estate of deceased husband. 
 
 1. To occupy manor house, 5 Wh. 208, 222. 
 
 2. Nature of interest in, under intestate laws, 1 Y. 
 
 392; 12 S. & R. 9, 11; 17 S. & R. 390; 2 P. & W. 
 355; 3 W. & S. 456 ; 3 Barr 60; 7 H. 24; 11 H. 163; 
 
 2 0. 465; 11 C. 189; 4 Wr. 177; 14 Wr. 375, 394; 
 15 S. 442. 
 
 3. To LIFE interest as against heirs and lesatehs, 5 
 
 S. & R. 536; 17 S. & R. 171; 7 W. 112, 316; 2 Wh. 
 419; 3 W. & S. 437; 7 W. & S. 251; 3 Barr 60; 7 
 Barr 114; 8 Barr 201; 9 H. 86; 2 Gr. 88; 16 S. 274. 
 
 4. To dower. See Dower. 
 
 6. To DISTRAIN FOR ANNUAL INTEREST, 1 W. 420; 1 W. & 
 
 S. 400; SWr. 220. 
 
 6. To INTEREST ON INTEREST DUE, 17 S. & R. 390; 2 W. 
 
 200. 
 
 7. Where land was held jointly with husband. See 
 
 Entirety ; Husband and Wife. 
 
 8. To rescind husband's contract for purchase of 
 
 LAND, 13 Wr. 467. 
 
 9. To notice of intention to charge husband's real 
 
 estate with debt, 8 W. 124; 11 H. 215; 12 C. 14. 
 • See Heirs, XI. 21. 
 
 10. To recover her thirds in ejectment, 2 W. 113. 
 
 11. Under will of husband generally, 5 C. 306; 2 Wr. 
 
 430; 12 Wr. 26. 
 
 12. Under will where maintenance is charged on 
 
 LAND, 3 R. 48; 2 P. & W. 71; 7 W. 380; 9 W. 19; 
 
 3 W. & S. 299; 12 H. 78; 5 C. 306; 1 Wr. 300; 4 
 Wr. 132; 8 Wr. 220; 11 Wr. 437; 1 Gr. 204; 14 S. 
 474. 
 
 13. To consent to sale op land in which she has a life 
 
 ESTATE, 1 H. 333; 3 C. 62. 
 
 14. To abandon land held by settlement and improve- 
 
 ment, 3 Y. 200, 269, 270, 409. 
 
 15. To conveyance op estate given in trust during 
 
 coverture, 3 Wh. 62 ; 4 Wh. 126 ; 8 H. 299 ; 3 C. 75 ; 
 8 Wr. 279; 14 Wr. 143; 6 S. 228; 7 S. 352; 10 S. 
 492; 14 S. 216. /See Trusts. 
 
WIDOW. 825 
 
 WIDOW — continued. 
 
 16. to defend in ejectment by heirs, 15 s. 481. 
 
 17. as survivor to land of husband acquired by par- 
 
 tition under will, 5 0. 306. 
 
 18. Where rights of, are to be enforced, 6 S. & R. 536 ; 
 
 7 W. 113; 5 Wh. 208; 3 Barr 60; 1 H. 215; 16 S. 
 274. 
 
 19. How affected by sheriff's sale of land charged for 
 
 HER benefit, 1 W. 259, 420 ; 4 W. 397 ; 7 W. 316 ; 
 
 8 W. 296 ; 1 W. & S. 235, 239 ; 1 Barr 92 ; 5 Barr 
 418, 420 ; 8 Barr 473 ; 1 H. 121 ; 7 H. 24, 34 ; 15 S. 
 307. 
 
 20. How AFFECTED BY OrPHANS' CoURT SALE, 1 W. & S" 
 
 160 ; 3 Barr 377. 
 
 21. Possession of land by, enures to her children, 2 W. 
 
 & S. 27 ; 2 Gr. 88. 
 
 Duty of. 
 
 As to election under will, 2 Y. 289. See Election, I. 
 
 III. Power of. 
 
 1. To mortgage property under power in will, 10 H. 
 
 74. 
 
 2. As TO equitable estate of husband, 8 S. & R. 381. 
 
 3. Over vested interests created by husband, 4 Wh. 
 
 22. 
 
 4. Over improvement right of husband, 3 Y. 202, 269, 
 
 270, 402; 1 P. & W. 450; 6 H. 471. 
 
 IV. Liability of. 
 
 1. To TAXATION, 2 W. 170. 
 
 2. To GIVE SECURITY TO EXECUTOR ON BEQUEST OF PER- 
 
 SONAL PROPERTY, 7 W. 15, 203 ; 12 Wr. 26. 
 
 3. To BE JOINED WITH HEIRS IN ACTION OF PARTITION, 7 
 
 W. 205. 
 
 4. On SALE OF husband's LAND AT SUIT OF CREDITORS, 1 
 
 W. 259; 7 W. 316; 8 W. 296; 1 Barr 92; 1 H. 
 121. 
 
 5. On sale OF heir's interest, 1 W. 259; 3 W. 396; 7 
 
 W. 316 ; 1 Barr 92. 
 
 6. On acceptance of devise, 1 Barr 338 ; 2 J. 31, 38. 
 
 7. To CONDITIONS IN RESTRAINT OF MARRIAGE, 6 W. 88 ; 3 
 
 Wh. 585 ; 10 Barr 75, 350 ; 2 J. 197 ; 11 0. 100. 
 
 8. To FORFEIT ESTATE HELD AS, 5 W. 306. 
 
 V. Funeral expenses of, 3 R. 300. 
 
826 WIDOW— WILLS. 
 
 WID (^N— continued. 
 
 VI. Competency of as witness. See Witness. 
 
 VII. Right to withhold confidential communication, 4 
 Barr 364. 
 
 VIII. Admissions by, 1 Y. 590; 7 S. & R. 7. 
 
 IX. Proof of marriage by, 7 Barr 315. 
 
 X. Not included in bequest to "nearest relation," 1 
 
 Barr 506. 
 
 XI. Recovery of money charged on land for life of, 4 
 Wr. 132; 8 Wr. 220. 
 
 WIDOWHOOD. 
 
 1. Devise during, construed, 6 W. 213; 7 W. 15, 125, 
 
 203 ; 10 W. 348 ; 2 C. 477. 
 
 2. Bequest during, with remainder over, 6 W. 213 ; 7 
 
 W. 15, 135, 203 ; 2 Barr 301 ; 8 Barr 38 ; 10 Barr 423. 
 10 Wr. 527; 2 S. 149. See Conditions 4 ; Widow, II. 
 3; Wills, XVI. 21. 
 
 WILLIAMS, HENRY W. 
 
 -Appointed judge of Supreme Court, 9 S. 232. 
 
 WILLS. 
 
 L Definition of, 3 Y. 324, 389; 4 S. & R. 544 ; 3 R. 115 ; 
 
 2 W. & S. 145; 6 W. & S. 431 ; 2 H. 489; 6 C. 225 ; 2 
 
 S. 338; 6 S. 170. 
 II. Making of will. 
 
 1. Disability from coverture, 2 D. 199, 204; 4 D. 115 
 
 1 Y. 221, 225 ; 10 S. & R. 445 ; 5 W. 399; 2 Wh. 11 
 6 Wh. 571, 577 ; 1 Barr 111 ; 2 Barr 21 ; 7 Barr 411 
 
 8 H. 205; 2 C. 202; 8 Wr. 466 ; 11 S. 401. 
 
 2. Disability from physical causes, 8 S. & R. 573; 10 
 
 W. 153; 8 Wh. 385; 6 W. & S. 184; 5 Barr 441; 1 
 J. 489 ; 1 H. 396, 400 ; 5 H. 60 ; 2 C. 211 ; 5 C. 232 ; 
 
 2 Gr. 289 ; 4 S. 285. 
 
 3. Disability from mental causes. 
 
 4. General reputation as to sanity, 18 S. 342. 
 
 5. Presumption as to sanity, 1 Y. 249 ; 5 Barr 441 ; 11 
 
 H. 375; 2 C. 211; 5 C. 298; 2 Wr. 138; 10 Wr. 502; 
 4 S. 285 ; 15 S. 368. 
 
 6. Sanity a question for the jury, 8 S. & R. 573 ; 9 
 
 Barr 151 ; 8 H. 475 ; 5 C. 298 ; 4 S. 216. 
 
 7. Who may testify as to, 7 S. & R. 90 ; 11 S. & R. 141 ; 
 
 9 Barr 151; 2 J. 27 ; 11 H. 117 ; 4 Wr. 199, 478; 7 
 Wr. 46; 4 S. 216; 11 S. 401; 15 S. 347; 18 S. 342. 
 
WILLS. 827 
 
 WILL S — continued. 
 
 8. Onus of proving absence op sanity, 2 Wr. 291 ; 4 S. 
 
 285. 
 
 9. Onus of proving lucid intervals, 9 Barr 151 ; 1 Gr. 
 
 249. 
 
 10. Mental capacity requisite for, 1 Y. 108; 8 S. & R. 
 
 573 ; 10 S. & R. 84, 573 ; 9 Barr 54 ; 8 H. 475 ; 9 H. 
 69 ; 5 0. 298. 303 ; 9 C. 469 ; B Wr. 191 ; 7 Wr. 46; 
 10 Wr. 502; 1 Gr. 249; 4 S. 216; 15 S. 347, 368, 
 369; 18 S. 842. 
 
 11. Disability from influence or duress, 3 S. & R. 54, 
 
 266; 7 S. & R. 90 ; 2 W. 165 ; 8 H. 329 ; 9 H. 67 ; 
 12 H. 342; 2 C. 404; 10 C. 365; 4 Wr. 474, 478, 
 483; 5 Wr. 312; 7 Wr. 46. 
 
 III. As TO form of will. 
 
 1. Meaning op word " item " in, 4 R. 71 ; 10 H. 261. 
 
 2. Must complete intention of testator, 6 W. 353 ; 2 
 
 W. & S. 145 ; 9 Barr 54. 
 
 3. As TO description of property transferred, 4 R. 
 
 339; 8 W. 432; 4 W. & S. 437; 8 H. 55 ; 2 C. 131. 
 
 4. As TO description op legatee or devisee, 6 W. 192 
 
 6 W. & S. 218, 537 ; 7 Wr. 102. 
 
 5. Where memoranda are referred to in, 1 S. & R. 
 
 256 ; 4 S. & R. 544 ; 1 W. 442 ; 6 W. & S. 431. ' 
 
 6. When written on disconnected sheets of paper, 6 
 
 W. 353 ; 5 Barr 441 ; 10 Barr 98 ; 3 H. 281. 
 • 7. When in form op letter op attorney, 6 0. 225. 
 
 8. When in form of deed, 2 D. 202; 2 H. 489; 1 S. 
 
 119, 125. 
 
 9. When in form op letter, 8 Y. 324. 
 
 10. When in form op agreement, 2 S. 338. 
 
 11. When in form of obligation with direction to pay, 
 
 3 Y. 389 ; 5 B. 490 ; 4 S. & R. 544. 
 
 12. As TO erasures and interlineations in, 3 H. 281. 
 
 13. Parol evidence of mistake in, 5 S. 242, 409. See 
 
 post 49. 
 
 14. Revenue stamp on, 10 Wr. 502. 
 
 IV. Execution of will. 
 
 1. By signature of testator, 10 W. 153 ; 6 Barr 409 ; 
 
 1 H. 396; 8S. 239; 9 S. 493. 
 
 2. Presumption arising from, 5 W. 480 ; 1 W. & S. 396 ; 
 
 2 0. 211, 404; 5 0. 221 ; 11 S. 401. 
 
 3. Governed by law in force at time of execution, 1 
 
828 WILLS. 
 
 WILLS — continued. 
 
 B. 356; 5 W. 399, 400; 6 W. 356; 5 W. & S. 198; 
 7 S. 209. 
 
 4. Act of 1705 relative to, oonsteued, 2 D. 257 ; 1 Y. 
 
 87. 
 
 5. Act of 1833 relative to, construed, 5 Wh. 385 ; 6 
 
 Barr 409. 
 
 6. Act of 1848 relative to, construed, 1 J. 494, 498 ; 
 
 1 H. 396, 400; 11 H. 507. 
 
 7. Act op 1855 relative to, construed, 7 S. 209. 
 
 8. As TO presence op husband at time of, 11 S. 401. 
 
 9. As TO necessity for seal of testator, 1 D. 94 ; 1 W. 
 
 442; 2 0. 211. 
 
 10. Validity of on Sunday, 5 S. 183. 
 
 11. By affixing mark of testator, 8 W. & S. 21 ; 5 Barr 
 
 21, 441 ; IJ. 490; 5 H. 159, 205 ; 12 H. 507 ; 5 
 221; 9 S. 493; US. 196. 
 
 12. By another at request of testator, 8 S. & R. 573 
 
 10 W. 153 ; 5 Wh. 385 ; 6 W. & S. 184 ; 5 Barr 441 
 
 1 J. 489; 1 H. 396, 400; 5 H. 60; 2 C. 211; 5 C 
 232 ; 2 Gr. 289 ; 4 S. 285. 
 
 13. When execution is a question of law, 6 S. & R. 489 
 
 6 C. 218. 
 
 14. To PASS PERSONAL ESTATE, 1 B. 356 ; 2 C. 211. 
 
 15. To PASS REAL ESTATE, 6 S. & R. 452 ; 1 J. 489. 
 
 16. When executed in another state, 7 W. 565; 12 H. 
 
 502, 507 ; 11 Wr. 12. 
 
 17. Presumption in favor of execution of, 2 Gr. 288 ; 11 
 
 S. 401. 
 
 18. Validity of unexecuted, 1 Y. 87 ; 3 R. 15 ; 8 W. & 
 
 S. 21; 2 C. 219; 3 0. 485; 7 C. 246. 
 
 19. Competency of witnesses to prove, 1 B. 444 ; 5 H. 
 
 54, 60 ; 11 S. 401. See Feigned Issue. 
 
 20. Proved by handwriting of witnesses, 4 Y. 345 ; 1 S. 
 
 & R. 256 ; 6 Barr 403 ; 9 Barr 151 ; 1 J. 498; 5 H. 
 60;2 C. 211; 6 C. 218; 7 C. 92. 
 
 21. By subscribing witnesses, 1 W. & S. 306 ; 6 H. 340 ; 
 
 2 Wr. 138 ; 14 Wr. 354, 360; 4 S. 290 ; 6 S. 370 ; 9 
 S. 493 ; 18 S. 342. 
 
 22. By declarations of parties, 4 S. & R. 203 ; 5 R. 235 ; 
 
 1 Wh. 227 ; 2 W. & S. 450 ; 6 W. & S. 431. 
 
 23. Where memory op subscribing witness is defective, 
 
 6 C. 218 ; 14 Wr. 354 ; 4 S. 285. 
 
WILLS. 829 
 
 WILLS — continued. 
 
 24. Witnesses need not be subscribing, 1 D. 94 ; 1 W. 
 
 442, 458; 5 W. 399; 10 Barr 100; 9 S. 493; 11 S. 
 401. 
 
 25. Need not know contents of will, 1 H. 896 ; 2 C. 404; 
 
 6 C. 218; 7 Wr. 73; 11 S. 401. 
 
 26. Need not hear the testator call the instrument 
 
 " A will," 1 W. & S. 396 ; 11 S. 401. 
 
 27. Number of witnesses necessary, 1 D. 94, 287 ; 2 Y. 
 
 170 ; 3 Y. 511 ; 4 Y. 413 ; 6 S. & R. 47 ; 11 S. & K. 
 82; 16 S. & R. 88; 5 W. 399, 401; 8 W. & S. 21 ; 
 
 1 J. 489; 1 H. 90, 396; 5 H. 60; 2 0. 211; 6 C. 
 218. 
 
 28. May testify as to mental and physical ability of 
 
 testator, 9 Barr 151 ; 2 J. 27 ; 2 Gr. 289 ; 11 S. 
 401. 
 
 V. When operative, 2 W. & S. 145; 3 H. 471; 11 C. 393. 
 
 VI. Revocation of. 
 
 1. General rule as to, 4 S. & R. 294; 8 S. & R. 573; 
 
 2 W. & S. 455; 1 J. 430 ; 7 C. 246. 
 
 2. By cancellation, 2 D. 266, 286; 2 Y. 170; 2 B. 110; 
 
 4 S. & R. 29; 8 W. & S. 21, 275; 10 Barr 82; 7 0. 
 25; 5 S. 424; 8 S. 238. 
 
 3. By erasures and alterations, 5 S. 424 ; 8 S. 238. 
 
 4. By second will avith or without clause of revoca- 
 
 tion, 2 D. 268, 287 ; 1 S. & R. 256 ; 2 Barr 888; 19 
 S. 177 ; 20 S. 244. 
 
 5. By parol, 2 Y. 170; 6 W. 522; 2 W. & S. 455; 1 C. 
 
 453. 
 
 6. By parol republication of previous will, 2 B. 406, 
 
 414, 415; 2 Wh. 102, 103; 8 Barr 498; 10 H. 416, 
 418 ; 2 C. 203, 209. 
 
 7. By marriage, 3 B. 498; 8 H. 205; 2 0. 202, 209; 10 
 
 C. 483 ; 11 Wr. 144. 
 
 8. By birth of issue, 3 B. 498 ; 5 S. & R. 38; 1 Wh. 
 
 212 ; 3 Wh. 208 ; 10 C. 483; 3 Wr. 115; 11 Wr. 144, 
 153; 18 S. 827. 
 
 9. By implication, 11 S. & R. 141 ; 6 W. 522; 2 W. & S. 
 
 145; 2 Barr 388 ; 2 H. 149; 4 C. 23. 
 10. By conveyance of property named in will, 1 Wh. 
 246; 2 Wh. 103; 4 Barr 88; IJ. 430; 2 H. 451; 7 
 0.25. 
 
830 WILLS. 
 
 WILLS — continued. 
 
 VII. Revival or republication of. 
 
 1. By destruction of later will, 2 D. 268 ; 8 W. & S. 
 
 275. 
 
 2. By cancellation of later will, 2 D. 268; 2 Y. 170 ; 
 
 10 Barr 82. 
 
 3. Proof of, 4 S. & R. 294 ; 2 Wh. 102. 
 
 4. By parol, 2 B. 406, 414, 415 ; 2 Wh. 102 ; 8 Barr 498 ; 
 
 10 H. 416, 418; 2 C. 203, 209 ; 1 Gr. 75. ' 
 
 5. By codicil to later will, 3 H. 281 ; 12 Wr. 501. 
 
 6. Effect of on share of residuary devisee, 2 S. 326. 
 
 VIII. Destruction of by fraud or mistake, 4 S. &R. 205; 
 8 W. & S. 275. 
 
 IX. Ratification of imperfect, 10 W. 153. 
 
 X. Probate of. 
 
 1. A judicial act, 12 H. 330; 7 H. 85; 18 S. 482. 
 
 2. When inadmissible, 2 W. & S. 145. 
 
 3. Before whom, 1 Y. 87; 4 Y. 413. 
 
 4. Where, 12 H. 502. 
 
 5. Effect of, 1 Y. 87; 3 B. 498; 4 S. & R. 193; 5 S. & 
 
 R. 212; 6 S. & R. 223; 5 R. 80; 2 Wh. 280; 1 W. & 
 S. 398: 5 Barr 21; 6 Barr 409, 435; 8 Barr 417; 9 
 Barr 234 ; 7 H. 485 ; 8 H. 291 ; 2 C. 211 ; 8 Wr. 179 ; 
 10 Wr. 502; 3 S. 382; 18 S. 482. 
 
 6. Evidence of, 5 S. & R. 212; 9 Barr 234; 12 H. 330. 
 
 7. Decree not to be reversed collaterally, 12 H. 
 
 330. 
 
 8. May be disregarded in ejectment, 6 Barr 435. 
 
 9. Conclusiveness of after five years, 4 Wr. 339: 8 
 
 Wr. 180; 1 S. 384; 3 S. 382; 18 S. 482, 485. 
 
 10. Admissibility of in evidence, 2 R. 177. 
 
 11. Limitation as to time of contesting, 3 S. 382. 
 
 XI. Issue to try. See Feigned Issue. 
 
 XII. Extinguishment of debt by, 4 D. 123; 3 S. & R. 
 54; 6 W. 42. 
 
 XIII. Effect of on adverse rights of executor, 7 W. 
 382. 
 
 XIV. Poaver of devisee or legatee over, 8 W. 195. 
 
 XV. Admissibility of in evidence, 1 Y. 87; 6 B. 435; 3 
 S. & R. 169; 5 R. 80; 3 P. & W. 333; 7 W. 565; 
 1 Wh. 227; 6 Barr 435; 7 II. 485. 
 
WILLS. 831 
 
 WILLS — continued. 
 XVI. Mode of construing. 
 
 1. General rules as to, 1 B. 336 ; 4 R. 440 ; 4 W. 130 ; 5 
 
 W. 400; 6W. 114; 5 W. & S. 198; 6Barr 37; 2 J. 36, 
 58; 1 H. 151; 11 II. 9, 31, 38, 39; 2 Gr. 28; 3 Gr. 
 169; 2 S. 263; 8 S. 424; 9 S. 74; 10 S. 141, 220; 12 
 S. 129 ; 20 S. 147. 
 
 2. Must be construed as an entirety, 2 S. 263; 3 S. 
 
 106. 
 
 3. Authority of decided will cases, 2 Y. 385 ; 3 Y. 
 
 224, 236 ; 2 Barr 260. 
 
 4. Situation of deceased, his family, wealth, &c., 
 
 considered in construing will, 18 S. 478. 
 
 5. How AFFECTED BY LAW OF TESTATOR'S DOMICILE, 18 S. 
 
 191. 
 
 6. Preference as to vested interests and first takers, 
 
 11 H. 9, 381, 383, 388; 6 C. 175 ; 2 Gr. 28 ; 3 S. 79. 
 
 7. Jurisdiction of court over, 6 Barr 37; 2 J. 298: 3 
 
 C. 58; 11 S. 46. 
 
 8. When domicile is out of the state, 12 H. 502. 
 
 9. As TO INTENTION OP TESTATOR, 1 D. 99, 177, 226, 244; 
 
 2 D. 70, 71, 244 ; 4 D. App. xxi. ; 1 Y. 45, 319, 342, 
 618 ; 2 Y. 60, 65, 385 ; 3 Y. 34, 187, 225, 231, 238 ; 
 4 Y. 526; 3 B. 149; 8 S. & R. 268; 1 R. 386 ; 2 R. 
 33; 5 W. 9, 268; 6 W. 80, 109, 218; 3 Wh. 162; 4 
 Wh. 442 ; 6 Wh. 244 ; 7 W. & S. 279; 1 Barr 339 ; 
 2 Barr 388 ; 4 Barr 437 ; 5 Barr 21 ; 3 H. 471 ; 6 H. 
 323, 324; 4 Wr. 18, 168; 3 Gr. 140, 210; 2 S. 219, 
 257 ; 10 S. 220, 261, 489, 492 ; 14 S. 15 ; 15 S. 389 ; 
 17 S. 320, 463. 
 
 10. As TO PARTICULAR AND GENERAL INTENT, 14 S. 9, 15. 
 
 11. As TO LANGUAGE OF TESTATOR, 1 D. 33, 114 ; 1 Y. 342, 
 
 413, 439, 518 ; 2 Y. 64, 202 ; 3 Y. 187, 231 ; 2 S. 
 & R. 62 ; 13 S. & R. 207 ; 14 S. & R. 42 ; 1 Wh. 
 437 ; 6 Barr 97 ; 11 C. 157 ; 10 S. 261 ; 16 S. 251 ; 
 20 S. 269. 
 
 12. When language is ambiguous and uncertain, 1 D. 
 
 286; 2 D. 70, 80, 266; 1 Y. 432, 437; 2 Y. 64, 286, 
 525; 3 Y. 34; 4 S. & R. 203; 5 S. & R. 39; 7 S. & 
 R. Ill ; 1 R. 108 ; 1 P. & W. 126 ; 1 W. 163; 3 W. 
 385; 4 W. 443; 3 Wh. 162, 216; 4 Wh. 391; 6 Wh. 
 99; 2 W. & S. 460, 456; 7 W. & S. 284; 2 Barr 388, 
 428 ; 3 Barr 461 ; 11 H. 296 ; 12 H. 197 ; 1 C. 466 ; 3 
 G. 55; 4 C. 40, 69; 6 C. 180; 5 S. 409; 8 S. 424. 
 
832 WILLS 
 
 WILLS — continued. 
 
 13. When clauses are inconsistent, 2 Y. 525; 9 W. 351; 
 
 3 Wh. 162; 10 Barr 213; 1 C. 460; 4 C. 95; 5 C. 
 234; 11 C. 393; 2 Wr. 314; 4 Wr. 34; 2 S. 167; 3 
 S. 106; 10 S. 261. 
 
 14. When words used, or omitted, change manifest 
 
 intention, 3 s. 74. 
 
 15. When words oe desire or recommendation are 
 
 USED, 2 Barr 129, 212; 8 H. 268; 2 Gr. 320; 2 S. 
 219; 10 S. 344; 16 S. 400; 20 S. 153. 
 
 16. As TO recitals in, 3 W. 449; 5 C. 221. 
 
 17. As TO CONDITIONS IN, 10 S. & R. 182; 13 S. & R. 172; 
 
 10 W. 179, 327, 348 ; 10 Barr 77. 
 
 18. As TO RESERVATIONS IN, 9 W. 63 ; 9 Barr 26 ; 2 J. 147. 
 
 19. Where controversy as to will is prohibited, 9 Wr. 
 
 228; 10 S. 491. 
 
 20. When building has been prohibited on devised 
 
 LAND, 8 C. 434; 13 Wr. 289. 
 
 21. As to CLAUSE IN RESTRAINT OF MARRIAGE, 6 W. 88 ; 7 
 
 W. 15, 135, 203 ; 10 W. 348 ; 2 W. & S. 142; 4 W. 
 & S. 300 ; 2 Barr 301. See Widow, II. 3. 
 
 22. As TO direction for payment of DEBTS, 11 Wr. 378. 
 
 23. When portion op testator's property is not disposed 
 
 OF, 1 W. 466; 8 W. & S. 348; 7 C. 346; 11 C. 393. 
 
 24. As to after-acquired property, 4 R. 323 ; 1 Wh. 
 
 490 ; 5 W. & S. 198 ; 10 H. 416 ; 4 Wr. 217. 
 
 25. Where testator has an estate with power of dis- 
 
 posal, 6 H.-251. 
 
 26. Where devisees are to hold jointly, 2 D. 189, 191, 
 
 244; 1 Y. 189; 2 Y. 54, 70, 572; 10 S. & R. 1S2 ; 10 
 W. 444; 11 0. 339. ^S'ee Devise. 
 
 27. Where there is a limitation over in case of death 
 
 OF FIRST TAKER, 2 Y. 205; 3 S. & R. 451; 12 S. & 
 R. 112; 13 S. & R. 65; 15 S. & R. 148; 17 S. & R. 
 295; 2 R. 168: 5 R. 231; 5 W. 191; 1 W. & S. 205; 
 5 W. & S. 517; 7 W. & S. 279; 2 Barr 69; 5 Barr 
 503; 8 Barr 38; 9 Barr 375; 1 H. 153; 3 H. 83; 4 
 H. 340; 11 H. 381; 1 Wr. 23, 105, 373; 4 AVr. 18; 
 13 Wr. Ill; 2 Gr. 28; 2 S. 268, 274; 4 S. 97; 11 S. 
 117; 17 S. 119, 125. See Devise. 
 
 28. Where real and personal property are blended, 
 
 2 B. 525; 11 S. & R. 103; 13 S. & R. 348, 386. 
 
 29. Where profit or income is given, 4 R. 450; 4 W. 
 
WILLS. 833 
 
 WILLS — continued. 
 
 130; 6 W. 14; 1 W. & S. 207; 9 Wr. 365; 1 Gr. 235; 
 3 S. 106, 107; 9 S. 70. &e Income. 
 
 30. When legacies aee payable ax different times, 6 
 
 H. 473 ; 11 S. 46. See Legacies. 
 
 31. When legacy or devise depends on death or mar- 
 
 riage OF WIDOW, 5 H. 23. See ante 21 ; Widow, II, 
 
 32. When land is to be divided under, 10 S. & R. 176. 
 
 33. When devise or legacy is in trust, 2 Barr 129 ; 10 
 
 Barr 220; 12 C. 329. See Trust Estates. 
 
 34. When for widow for life, 1 D. 417; 1 Y. 424; 2 
 
 Y. 302, 389, 437; 3 Y. 79; 5 B. 565; 6 W. 67, 213; 
 7 W. 15, 135, 203; 2 Gr. 320. See ante 27. 
 
 35. When for married women during coverture, 10 S. 
 
 & R. 208; 9 C. 85. See Devise ; Married Women. 
 
 36. When to husband and wife jointly, 9 W. 349. 
 
 37. To widow in fee, effect of, 2 Wr. 430. 
 
 38. When given for maintenance of legatee, 1 D. 417 ; 
 
 1 Y. 424; 2 Y. 302, 389, 437 ; 3 Y. 79 ; 5 B. 565; 6 
 W. 67, 213; 7 W. 15, 135, 203; 9 0. 85; 2 Gr. 320; 
 17 S. 463. 
 
 39. When distribution is to a. class at a certain time, 
 
 2 R. 27; 1 C. 244; 3 C. 55; 11 C. 323; 4 Wr. 18; 
 2 S. 173, 272, 326. 
 
 40. When for a particular family, 5 Barr 385. 
 
 41. When to creditor for amount of debt, 4 D. 123 ; 3 S. & 
 
 R. 54 ; 10 W. 54 ; 6 Barr 13 ; 2 S. 195 ; 12 S. 189, 191. 
 
 42. For distribution per capita, 8.S. & R. 46 ; 2 Wh. 
 
 444; 5 Barr 458; 3 0. 55; 2 Wr. 430; 4 Wr. Ill, 
 115, 587; 3 Gr. 210, 212; 2 S. 269; 10 S. 380. 
 
 43. For distribution per stirpes, 5 Barr 264; 4 0. 487; 2 
 
 Wr. 430; 4 Wr. Ill, 115, 387; 3 Gr. 210; 2 S. 269; 
 
 10 S. 381, 383. 
 
 44. When direction is given to invest, 2 R. 133. 
 
 45. Where sale is directed, 2 D. 223, 291 ; 1 Y. 423 ; 1 
 
 B. 546; 9 S. &R. 424; 5 C. 265. 
 
 46. As to previous advancements, 6 W. 254; 10 W. 54; 
 
 4 Wh. 130 ; 6 W. & S. 203 ; 10 Barr 426 ; 3 H. 214 ; 
 
 11 H.^ 433 ; 2 Wr. 122. See Advancement. 
 
 47. As to posthumous children, 2 R. 274; 5 Barr 503. 
 
 48. When legatee or devisee is not in existence, 3 Wh. 
 
 476 ; 6 Wh. 99. 
 
 53 
 
834 WILLS. 
 
 WILLS — continued. 
 
 49. Explanation of, by external testimony, 2 D. 70, 
 
 80; 1 Y. 432, 437; 2 Y. 54, 385; 3 Y. 34; 1 S. & R. 
 11, 256; 4 S. & R. 203, 544; 1 W. 442; 3 W. 241, 
 385; 6 W. 345; 2 W. & S. 450, 455; 2 Barr 388; 3 
 Barr 496; 5 Barr 21 ; 2 J. 136, 144; 5 H. 479; 8 H. 
 55, 478; 11 H. 391; 12 H. 197; 1 C. 460; 6 C. 425; 
 5 S. 242, 409; 20 S. 269. 
 
 50. As TO USE OF TECHNICAL WORDS AND PHRASES IN, 1 D. 
 
 47 ; 1 Y. 332 ; 10 S. & R. 429 ; 3 R. 59 ; 1 H. 151 ; 
 4 H. 512 ; 9 H. 343 ; 5 Wr. 288 ; 3 Gr. 306 ; 14 S. 9, 
 15; 20 S. 335,405. 
 
 51. Technical words and phrases in, construed. 
 Absolutely, 14 S. & R. 268. 
 
 According to law, 11 H. 317. 
 
 Advances, 20 S. 410. 
 
 All my estate, 2 Y. 181 ; 6 B. 94. 
 
 All my real and personal estate, 6 Barr 98. 
 
 All I have, 7 C. 25. 
 
 All his heirs and his wife's heirs, 5 Barr 458. 
 
 Any earthly property, 1 R. 408. 
 
 Any part remaining, 2 S. 219. ' 
 
 As may be then living, 4 S. 245. 
 
 Bank stock, 1 Wh. 361. 
 
 Barn, 4 R. 339. ' 
 
 Benefit of all my real estate, 4 Y. 23. 
 
 Bequeath, 5 C. 314. 
 
 Brothers and sisters or their children or heirs at law, 7 
 
 C. 292. 
 Capital, 11 Wr. 84. 
 Chattels, 2 W. 61. 
 Children, 13 S. & R. 65 ; 17 S. & R. 292; 4 W. 82 ; 6 
 
 W. 105; 10 W. 179; 2 Wh. 376; 2 W. & S. 
 
 418 ; 5 Barr 265, 465 ; 10 Barr 360 ; 9 H. 310 ; 4 
 
 C. 467 ; 7 C. 94 ; 1 Wr. 18 ; 4 Wr. 29 ; 13 Wr. 213 ; 
 
 8S. 414; 20 S. 335. 
 Choses in action, 2 W. 61. 
 
 Debts brought in in due and lawful time, 7 Wr. 278. 
 Dying without issue. See Dying 1. 
 Due or to become due, 2 Wh. 45. 
 Efi"ects, 2 W. 61. 
 Equally to be divided, 8 S. & R. 46 ; 5 Barr 458 ; 3 Gr. 
 
 210, 212 ; 2 S. 373. 
 Estate, 3 Y. 187 ; 6 W. 21. 
 Estate, real and personal, 6 Barr 97 ; 2 Gr. 461. 
 Exclusive, 4 Barr 376. 
 
WILLS. 835 
 
 WILLS — continued. 
 
 Exclusive of, 4 Barr 376. 
 
 For want of children or lawful issue, 11 S. 111. 
 
 Furniture, 10 S. 220. 
 
 First heir male, 1 D. 4. 
 
 Goods and movables, 2 D. 142 ; 1 Y. 101, 175 ; 2 W. 61. 
 
 Grandchildren, 4 W. 82 ; 2 Wh. 376 ; 9 H. 310 ; 4 Wr. 
 231 ; 13 Wr. 213 ; 3 S. 74. 
 
 Heirs, 2 Y. 408, 411, 525, 585, 586, 587 ; 3 Y. 237 ; 1 
 B. 346, 370 ; 3 B. 374 ; 12 S. & R. 112 ; 17 S. & 
 R. 110 ; 5 R. 9 ; 2 Wh. 382 ; 7 W. & S. 288 ; 3 
 Barr 304 ; 5 Barr 266 ; 8 Barr 498 ; 1 H. 344 ; 3 
 H. 83: 9 H. 343; 2 C. 217; 3 0. 55; 4 0. 40, 59, 
 89; 5 Wr. 288; 7 Wr. 187; 9 Wr. 201; 13 Wr. 
 333; 14 Wr. 311; 11 S. Ill; 14 S. 16, 17. 
 
 Heirs and relatives, 4 C. 51. 
 
 Heirs legal and natural, 6 H. 478. 
 
 Heirs and representatives, 2 0. 217. 
 
 Heirs male, 3 Y. 147. 
 
 Heirs or next of kin, 11 S. 111. 
 
 Heirs of the body, 2 Y. 411. 
 
 House, 4 R. 339; 4 Barr 93. 
 
 House furniture, 10 S. 220. 
 
 Income, 3 R. 480 ; 4 R. 440, 450 ; 4 W. 130 ; 6 W. 19 ; 
 6 Wh. 78 ; 8 Wr. 345 ; 11 Wr. 376 ; 13 Wr. 333 ; 
 3 S. 79; 9 S. 70,73; 11 S. 478; 14 S. 261, 268, 
 274. 
 
 In case, 9 S. 70 ; 10 S. 141. 
 
 In trust for, 10 S. 344. See Trusts. 
 
 Issue, 1 D. 48 ; 1 Y. 340 ; 2 Y. 58. 559, 586 ; 13 S. & R. 
 365 ; 14 S. & R. 41 ; 3 Wh. 217 ; 6 H. 72 ; 1 Wr. 
 31 ; 7 Wr. 187 ; 9 Wr. 178. 
 
 Item, 4 R. 71 ; 10 H. 261. 
 
 Land property, 6 H. 23. 
 
 Lawful heirs, 19 S. 190. 
 
 Lawful heirs, their heirs and assigns for ever, 11 S. 73. 
 
 Lawful issue, 2 S. 113. 
 
 Leave to be divided, 1 H. 259. 
 
 Leaving no issue of his body, 1 Wr. 31. 
 
 Leaving lawful issue surviving, 7 S. 384. 
 
 Legatees above named, 17 S. & R. 61. 
 
 Legal heirs, 7 W. & S. 284 ; 12 H. 168 ; 7 Wr. 187. 
 
 Legal issue, 7 Wr. 187. 
 
 Legal representatives, 8 H. 349. See Legal Rbpkbsbn- 
 
 TATIVES. 
 
 Money, 1 Gr. 158. 
 
 Money due or to become due, 2 Wh. 45. 
 
836 WILLS— WITHOUT DEFALCATION. 
 
 WILL S — continued. 
 
 Nearest relative, 1 Barr 506. 
 
 Nephews and nieces of every description, 2 Y. 198. 
 
 Next of kin, 3 Barr 307 : 6 H. 77 ; 3 C. 55 ; 4 C. 23 ; 4 Wr. 
 
 115 ; 9 Wr. 430 ; 10 Wr. 369 ; 11 S. Ill ; 15 S. 419. 
 Offspring, 12 C. 117. 
 Own use, 6 S. & R. 466 ; 10 Barr 423. 
 Or their heirs, 12 S. & R. 112 ; 1 W. & S. 205 ; 5 W. & 
 
 S. 517 ; 3 H. 83 ; 11 H. 31 ; 11 S. 50. 
 " Or " and "and," 1 Y. 41. 319, 411 ; 3 Y. 421 ; 3 S. 
 
 & R. 487. 
 Part, 3 Wr. 287. 
 Paid over, 2 S. 268. 
 
 Personal property, 12 H. 20 ; 12 Wr. 26. 
 Property, 6 S. & R. 452. 
 Reasonable time, 9 S. 313. 
 Relations, 11 S. & R. 104. 
 Residue of my estate, 2 B. 20 ; 6 B. 97 ; 8 S. & R. 289 ; 
 
 12 S. & R. 56; 6 H. 24; 7 H. 87, 513. 
 Rest and residue, 2 D. 131 ; 12 H. 502. 
 Right heir, 14 Wr. 128, 143 ; 11 S. 114, 116, 117. 
 Share, 3 Barr 447. 
 
 Shall happen to die without issue, 10 S. 141. 
 Sole and separate use, 6 S. & R. 466 ; 3 R. 203 ; 4 R. 
 
 66 ; 1 Wh. 22. 
 Separate use of wife, 1 Y. 432; 6 S. & R. 466; 3 R. 
 
 203; 4R. 66; 4 Wh. 397. 
 Survivors, 2 Barr 428. 
 Surviving children, 1 Wr. 373. 
 Surplus, 2 Barr 125 ; 8 H. 268. 
 Them, 9 W. 369. 
 The part of, 3 Wr. 237. 
 Then, 8 H. 353; 4 S. 245. 
 Then and present, 5 B. 611 ; 4 R. 363 ; 6 W. 106 ; 11 
 
 S. Ill, 116. 
 Then living or alive, 8 H. 353. 
 Until after first harvest, 14 Wr. 253. 
 Worldly goods of all sorts and kinds, 6 Wh. 236, 244. 
 Woodland, 2 Y. 380 ; 1 S. & R. 169 ; 2 C. 131. 
 When, 2 W. & S. 227. 
 When and at, 5 Barr 503. 
 Whenever, 1 D. 176 ; 5 W. 433 ; 11 H. 31. 
 Whole interest in personal property, 9 Wr. 365. 
 
 WITHHOLDING TESTIMONY. 
 
 Inference from, 14 S. 121. 
 
 WITHOUT DEFALCATION. 
 
 Meaning and effect of, 2 P. & W. 245. 
 
WITHOUT RECOURSE— WITNESSES. 837 
 
 WITHOUT RECOURSE. 
 
 Effect of endorsement on note, 8 W. & S. 352; 2 Barr 200, 
 355; 8 Barr 468 ; 2 H. 14 ; 10 Wr. 140. 
 
 WITNESSES. 
 
 I. Attendance of. See Attachment ; Subpcena. 
 
 II. Credibility of. 
 
 A question for the jury, 1 Y. 108 ; 4 S. & R. 503 ; 8 W. 
 99; 4 W. 380; 6 W. 507; 6 Barr 179; 9 H. 315. 
 
 III. Competency. 
 
 1. When to be decided, 16 S. 481. 
 
 2. Act of 1869 relative to construed, 16 S. 304, 305, 
 
 306; 17 S. 68. 
 
 3. A question for the court, 3 B. 103, 539 ; 2 H. 197; 
 
 16 S. 481. 
 
 Of accountants, 15 S. 298. 
 
 Of administrators, 6 B. 16; 3 S. & R. 300; 7 S. & R. 
 116, 166; 1 Barr 452; 8 Barr 64; 3 Gr. 17. 
 
 Of agents, 1 D. 224, 439; 2 D. 241 ; 1 Y. 24, 134; 2 Y. 
 38, 89; 3 Y. 101; 1 S. & R. 197; 4 S. & R. 494 
 8 S. & R. 124; 10 S. & R. 251; 14 S. & R. 178 
 8 W. 185; 8 W. 524; 8 Wh. 424; 6 W. & S. 357 
 3 Barr 13; 5 Barr 51; 3 H. 248; 6 C. 145; 12 
 Wr. 286; 13 Wr. 187; 14 Wr. 381. 
 
 Of arbitrator, 9 Barr 254. 
 
 Of assignors, 2 B. 154; 3 B. 806; 6 S. & R. 300; 9 S. 
 
 6 R. 20, 244; 12 S. & R. 100; 14 S. & R. 405; 5 
 Wh. 452; 5 W. & S. 509; 6 Barr 121; 7 H. 176; 
 
 7 Wr. 520; 12 Wr. 894; 2 S. 317. 
 
 Of assignee, 3 R. 335; 8 W. 39; 9 Barr 112; 9 H. 443; 
 
 1 0. 428; 4 C. 434; 12 C. 498; 5 Wr. 45. 
 Of attorney, 1 Y. 23 ; 1 S. & R. 32; 1 P. & W. 444; 3 
 
 Wh. 33; 4 H. 43; 10 Wr. 294; 2 S. 247. 
 Of auctioneer, 3 S. & R. 20. 
 Of bailor, 3 Barr 451 ; 1 J. 264. 
 Of bankrupt, 2 D. 194; 4 Y. 119. 
 Of bank stockholder, 14 S. & R. 405; 3 W. 374. 
 Of broker, 2 D. 200. 
 Of cestui que trust, 5 W. 80, 423, 493. 
 Of church members, 5 H. 205. 
 Of constable, 16 S. & R. 115. 
 Of co-defendant in trespass, 3 Barr 360 ; 8 C. 364. 
 Of co-heir, 7 S. & R. 192. 
 Of co-obligor, 4 Barr 199. 
 Of co-trespasser, 11 C. 351. 
 Of contractor, 7 Barr 394. 
 
838 WITNESSES. 
 
 WITNESSES— continued. 
 
 Of county commissioner, 9 S. 196. 
 
 Of corporator, 1 Y. 480; 4 Wh. 12. 
 
 Of convict, 17 S. 386. 
 
 Of creditors, 2 D. 50; 2 Y. 129, 166; 3 Y. 172, 196; 
 
 2 S. & R. 119; 3 S. & R. 423; 14 S. & R. 178; 
 
 15 S. 298. 
 Of debtor in contest between lien creditors, 2 S. 353. 
 Of devisee, 16 S. & R. 315 ; 5 Barr 287. 
 Of deputy sheriff, 1 W. & S. 227. 
 Of distributees, 10 Barr 509. 
 Drawer of bill or note, 2 Y. 17; 1 R. 196 ; 9 S. & R. 
 
 229 ; 6 W. 498 ; 9 W. 144 ; 2 Wh. 50 ; 3 W. & S. 
 
 677; 3 Barr 56; 7 Barr 528; 11 C. 153; 6 Wr. 
 
 476. 
 Endorsee, 8 R. 407 ; 5 Wh. 572. 
 Endorser, 1 D. 272 ; 2 D. 194 ; 2 Y. 1 ; 9 S. & R. 229 ; 
 
 12 S. & R. 42; 5 W.-442; 9 W. 179; 2 Wh. 152; 
 
 5 Wh. 338; 1 W. & S. 101; 5 W. & S. 514; 7 W. 
 
 6 S. 80; 1 H. 641; 6 H. 166; 7 H. 273; 8 H. 
 469; 9 H. 237; 10 H. 492; 2 C. 511; 5 0. 504; 
 1 Wr. 494; 10 Wr. 504. 
 
 Executor, 2 Y. 129, 256; 3 Y. 157; 1 B. 444; 5 S. & 
 
 R. 370; 11 S. & R. 208; 15 S. & R. 235; 2 Wh. 
 
 383; 5 W. & S. 400; 2 Barr 483; 2 S. 393. 
 Of parties bound by estoppel, 2 D. 194, 299 ; 4 D. 436 ; 
 
 1 Y. 92, 202; 2 Y. 72, 89; 8 Y. 172, 515; 2 B. 
 
 165; 1 S. & R. 102; 4 S. & R. 397; 6 S. & R. 
 
 113; 4R. 311. 
 Factors, 1 Y. 23 ; 2 Y. 38; 4 S. & R. 494. 
 Feme covert, 1 Gr. 123 ; 3 Gr. 17. 
 Former owners, 2 H. 59. 
 Fraudulent judgment debtor, 1 W. 308. 
 Grantor, 7 H. 194; 1 Wr. 247. 
 Guardian, 2 D. 196; 1 Y. 202 ; 10 S. 441. 
 Guarantor, 3 Wh. 600. 
 
 Heirs, 1 P. & W. 412; 10 Wr. 186; 19 S. 21. 
 Husband and wife, 6 B. 483; 6 H. 368; 9 Wr. 406; 10 
 
 Wr. 186; 4 S. 110; 14 S. 425; 16 S. 243, 269; 
 
 19 S. 153. 
 Infamous persons, 2 Y. 334 ; 3 Y. 429, 575; 12 S. & R. 
 
 328 ; 2 Wh. 453 ; 3 W. & S. 842 ; 9 C. 468, 464 ; 
 
 1 Gr. 331, 832, 388, 834 ; 17 S. 386. 
 Insolvent debtor, 6 Barr 398. 
 Intemperate persons, 15 S. & R. 2B5 ; 2 Barr 89. 
 Juror, 10 Wr. 521. 
 Joint trespassers, 1 H. 408. 
 
WITNESSES. 839 
 
 WITNESSES— confrnwecZ. 
 
 Joint obligors, 3 Wh. 589. 
 
 Legatees, 2 D. 95; 4 Y. 299; 1 R. 433; 7 W. 510; 4 
 
 Barr 309, 364 ; 9 H. 296 ; 6 Wr. 432. 
 Lessee, 4 S. 9. 
 Lessor, 9 H. 266. 
 Married women, 1 D. 28, 68 ; 1 Y. 156 ; 2 Y. 115 ; 6 
 
 B. 283, 500; 16 S. & R. 214; 6 W. 404; 2 H. 
 14; 6H. 506; 10 Wr. 186. 
 
 Mortgagor, 9 W. 462; 8 Barr 471; 9 Barr 400; 6 H. 
 
 215; 7H. 510. 
 Mortgagee, 2 R. 279. 
 Nominal plaintiff, 3 Wh. 337; 9 C. 113, 114; 5 Wr. 92, 
 
 113. 
 Obligor in bond, 3 Barr 82; 8 H. 284; 2 Gr. 27. 
 Obligee, 3 S. & R. 246; 9 S. & R. 137, 379; 1 W. & S. 
 
 147 ; 3 Barr 154. 
 Parties to negotiable paper. See Bills and Notes. 
 Partners. 1 Y. 144; 2 Y. 154, 185; 3 Y. 560 ; 14 S. & 
 
 R. 31 ; 17 S. & R. 453 ; 2 P. & W. 138 ; 2 W. 347 ; 
 
 5 W. 496 ; 9 W. 516; 1 Wh. 392; 2 W. & S. 172; 
 
 8 W. & S. 63; 6 Barr 82; 10 Barr 164; 11 H. 24, 
 155; 5 Wr. 92; 7 Wr. 99; 13 S. 335. 
 
 Parties to action, 2 D. 72, 115, 172; 1 Y. 15, 34, 134; 
 
 2 Y. 17, 63, 324, 389, 444 ; 6 B. 316 ; 2 S. & R. 
 80; 3 S. & R. 402, 564; 5 S. & R. 401; 6 S. & 
 R. 34, 418; 8 S. & R. 328; 9 S. & R. 244; 10 S. 
 
 6 R. 75; 11 S. & R. 208; 12 S. & R. 177; 3 
 W. 248, 364; 5 W. 80, 179; 6 W. 48, 207 ; 7 
 W. 43; 5 Wh. 446, 589; 3 W. & S. 329, 395, 413; 
 
 5 W. & S. 333, 435 ; 6 W. & S. 139 ; 1 Barr 344, 
 364, 435, 439 ; 2 Barr 17 ; 3 Barr 360 ; 5 Barr 
 473; 6 Barr 322, 325; 9 Barr 112; 1 J. 221; 1 
 
 C. 384; 8 0. 364; 12 C. 198, 305; 5 Wr. 92; 8 
 Wr. 253; 9 Wr. 67, 166; 12 Wr. 118, 387; 14 
 Wr. 230, 275, 281, 441, 461. 
 
 Parties in interest, 1 D. 62 ; 1 Y. 23, 367 ; 2 Y. 89, 185, 
 200; 3 Y. 196 ; 4 Y. 429 ; 4 B. 80; 2 S. & R. 358; 
 
 3 S. & R. 300, 402 ; 7 S. & R. 116 ; 8 S. & R, 573 ; 
 
 9 S. & R. 20, 80 ; 10 S. & R. 140, 188, 269 ; 11 S. 
 
 6 R. 179, 333; 15 S. & R. 221 ; 16 S. & R. 193; 3 R. 
 407, 411, 469; 4 R. 311; 2 P. & W. 222; 3 P. & 
 W. 177 ; 2 W. 265 ; 3 W. 419, 456 ; 4 W. 9, 253; 5 
 W. 55, 418, 442 ; 8 W. 39, 227 ; 9 W. 183 ; 2 Wh. 
 154 ; 3 Wh. 370 ; 5 Wh. 447, 458 ; 6 Wh. 169, 435 ; 1 
 W. & S. 227 : 3 W. & S. 45, 118 ; 4 W. & S. 171, 
 282; 5 W. & S. 28; 6 W. & S. 139; 7 W. & S. 89, 
 
840 WITNESSES. 
 
 WITNE SSES—coniinued. 
 
 162 ; 2 Barr 89 ; 3 Barr 179 ; 4 Barr 112, 142 ; 5 
 Barr 61; 6 Barr 294, 325; 1 J. 535; 1 H. 491 ; 4 
 H. 226; 5 H. 209; 6 H. 165, 203; 7 H. 176, 321, 
 355, 449; 8 H. 303, 425, 484; 9 H. 44, 296; 11 
 H. 76, 167, 199, 250, 321; 1 C. 288, 384, 428; 2 
 C. 58, 467 ; 5 C. 404 ; 6 C. 49, 451 ; 1 Wr. 247, 
 327, 494; 5 Wr. 92, 113; 6 Wr. 173, 432; 7 Wr. 
 99, 520; 11 Wr. 118; 2 S. 393; 13 S. 338. 
 
 When interest is doubtful, 3 R. 411; 6 Barr 82; 4 H. 
 226; 7 H. 335, 441. 
 
 When interest is balanced, 1 Y. 27 ; 2 Y. 120 ; 4 Y. 
 299 ; 3 S. & R. 130 ; 4 S. & R. 222 ; 4 W. 15 ; 7 
 W. & S. 366 ; 6 H. 165 ; 9 H. 491 ; 1 C. 428. 
 
 When interest is indirect or contingent, 2 B. 154 ; 16 S.' 
 & R. 193 ; 2 W. & S. 190 ; 4 W. & S. 282; 6 W. & 
 S. 357; 7 W. & S. 102. 
 
 When called to testify against his interest, 3 S. & R. 
 407; 6 W. & S. 138; 8 W. & S. 63; 4 Barr 134; 
 5 Barr 473; 9 Barr 112. 
 
 Passengers, 2 W. & S. 230; 8 W. & S. 369. 
 
 Payee of note, 5 Wh. 338 ; 2 0. 511 ; 6 C. 299. 
 
 Pilot, 2 J. 81. 
 
 Prosecutor, 1 D. 110 ; 2 D. 239, 240 ; 1 Y. 367, 401 ; 2 
 Y. 1, 114 ; 3 Y. 65. 
 
 Principal v. agent or surety, 10 S. & R. 442 ; 2 J. 383. 
 
 Referees 1 Y. 77. 
 
 Religious belief, effect of on, 4 Wh. 349 ; 2 W. & S. 262; 
 2 C. 274. 
 
 Road viewer, 10 Wr. 521. 
 
 Servants, 5 W. & S. 28 ; 13 Wr. 187. 
 
 Shipmaster, 1 D. 7 ; 2 Y. 93; 3 Y. 445 ; 6 Wh. 435 ; 5 
 W. & S. 28. 
 
 Special bail, 3 W. 456. 
 
 Stockholder, 5 S. & R. 318 ; 10 S. & R. 269 ; 14 S. & 
 R. 405; 3 W. 374; 4 W. & S. 393. 
 
 Sheriff's vendee, 1 W. & S. 321. 
 
 Sub-contractor, 12 H. 507. 
 
 Sheriff, 10 Wr. 294. 
 
 Subscribing witnesses. See Subscribing Witnesses. 
 
 Surety, 14 S. & R. 134 ; 16 S. & R. 269 ; 3 W. & S. 
 355 ; 8 Barr 460. 
 
 Supercargo, 3 Wh. 568. 
 
 Taxable inhabitant, 12 S. & R. 110, 297 ; 6 W. & S. 46. 
 
 Tenant, 17 S. & R. 86 ; 10 Barr 376; 4 C. 181; 11 G. 
 83. 
 
WITNESSES. 841 
 
 WITNESSES— cow^mwec^. 
 
 Tenants in common, 16 S. & R. 193 ; 10 W. 135 ; 5 Wh. 
 
 448. 
 Terre tenant, 7 W. & S. 394 : 8 W. & S. 16. 
 Trustee, 2 Y. 219 ; 6 B. 16. 478, 481 ; 9 S. & R. 434 ; 
 
 4 Wh. 12 ; 6 W. & S. 174 ; 7 Barr 467 ; 1 J. 168 ; 
 
 6 S. 243; 13 S. 156. 
 Vendor, 4 D. 436 ; 1 Y. 26, 295; 2 Y. 119, 219 ; 3 Y. 
 
 427 ; 2 B. 95, 108; 6 B. 500 ; 1 S. & R. 415 ; 3 S. 
 
 & R. 311 ; 4 S. & R. 494 ; 6 S. & R. 71 ; 10 S. & 
 
 R. 84; 2 R. 316; 4 W. 363; 9 W. 161; 8 W. & S. 
 
 486, 526; 4 W. & S. 127; 7 W. & S. 366; 5 Barr 
 
 820; 6 Wr. 178; 11 Wr. 118. 
 Vendee, 3 W. 94; 9 Barr 343; 8 Wr. 431; 2 S. 308. 
 Widow, 3 B. 366; 10 S. & R. 282; 4 Barr 864; 5 Wr. 
 
 306, 316; 14 Wr. 261; 4 S. 110; 9 S. 289. 
 Wife, 14 S. 325. 
 
 4. Proof of interest, 8 S. & R. 444; 13 S. & R. 128; 8 
 
 R. 407; 6 W. 112; 7 H. 235, 321; 6 C. 451; 2 S. 
 247, 353. 
 
 5. When objection to be made. 4 D. 151; 2 Y. 89; 8 S. 
 
 & R. 336. 
 
 6. How OBJECTION TO BE MADE, 2 B. 497; 4 B. 198; 4 
 
 Barr 134 ; 9 H. 466- 
 
 7. Effect of calling interested witness, 7 W. 89 ; 4 
 
 W. & S. 171; 7 W. & S. 75; 2 S. 210; 7 S. 404. 
 IV. Removal of incompetent. 
 
 1. By payment of costs, 8 B. 306; 7 S. & R. 116; 8 S. 
 
 & R. 178; 9 S. & R. 244; 17 S. & R. 178; 3 W. 
 248. 
 
 2. By release, 1 D. 272, 276; 1 Y. 28; 2 Y. 93, 119, 
 
 168, 219, 324; 4 Y. 341, 843; 6 B. 16; 3 S. & R. 
 311; 5 S. & R. 298, 818, 450; 8 S. & R. 425; 14 S. 
 & R. 51; 3 W. 230; 4 W. 308; 5 W. 80, 496; 7 W. 
 292; 9 W. 161, 188; 3 Wh. 60; 6 Wh. 435; 1 W. & 
 S. 147; 2 W. & S. 172; 5 W. & S. 28; 1 Barr 47, 
 435; 2 Barr 459; 3 Barr 860; 5 Barr 320; 6 Barr 
 121, 294, 322; 7 Barr 315; 8 Barr 45; 9 Barr 113, 
 836; 10 Barr 509; 2 J. 81; 1 H. 160; 2 H. 118; 3 
 H. 250; 7 H. 223; 9 H. 296; 9 C. 151; 12 C. 293; 
 2 Wr. 98; 5 Wr. 92, 256; 6 Wr. 432; 10 Wr. 186; 
 13 Wr. 186; 1 Gr. 829; 2 Gr. 202; 2 S. 293; 8 S. 
 80; 11 S. 328; 14 S. 29. 
 
 3. Not by his own oath, 4 S. & R. 298; 2 H. 890; 5 
 
 H. 108; 9 H. 443; 2 C. 58. 
 
842 WITxNTESSES. 
 
 WIT-NESS-RS— continued. 
 
 4. By Act of Apkil 15, 1869, 16 S. 304, 305, 306 ; 17 
 
 S. 68; 19 S. 154; 20 S. 183. 
 
 5. By transfer of chose in action, 5 W. & S. 509; 6 
 
 W. & S. 236, 555; 7 W. & S. 144, 317; 8 W. & S. 
 272; 1 Barr 173; 2 Barr 46, 425; 3 Barr 375; 4 
 Barr 364; 5 Barr 21, 395; 5 H. 101; 7 H. 176, 192; 
 9 H. 466; 1 C. 288; 11 C. 451; 1 Gr. 329, 348; 2 
 Gr. 301 ; 2 S. 310. 
 
 6. Power op to disqualify himself, 2 Y. 129; 4 S. & 
 
 R. 222; 2 0. 467. 
 
 7. When oompblled to testify, 7 S. & R. 192. 
 
 V. Bias of witness, 2 Y. 121 ; 16 S. & R. 193. 
 
 VI. Fees of, 1 B. 46; 15 S. & R. 21; 6 W. 331, 336; 1 
 
 Wh. 275, 276 ; 7 W. & S. 175; 3 Barr 267. 
 
 VII. Privilege from arrest, 4 D. 320,, 329, 387; 9 S. & 
 
 R. 147. 
 
 VIII. Examination of. 
 
 1. As to voir dire, 1 D. 278 ; 8 S. & R. 444; 2 C. 384. 
 
 2. As to number, 3 Y. 658 ; 1 B. 46. 
 
 3. As TO ORDER OF EXAMINATION, 3 S. & R. 311 ; 3 Wh. 
 
 370; 5H. 144; 2 S. 531; 13 S. 30. 
 
 4. Where witness is unwilling, 6 W. & S. 285. 
 
 5. As -TO LEADING QUESTION, ' 3 B. 130; 6 B. 483; 5 H. 
 
 144. 
 
 6. Effect of calling opposite party, 8 Wr. 88; 2 S. 
 
 210; 6 S. 234; 7 S. 404; 14 S. 29. 
 
 7. As TO re-examination, 5 B. 490; 3 Wh. 129; 9 H. 
 
 495; 13 S. 30. 
 
 8. As TO cross-examination, 16 S. & R. 72, 75; 4 W. 
 
 61; 6 W. 375; 8 W. 486; 9 W. 237 ; 3 Wh. 166, 
 374; 6 Wh. 677; 2 W. & S. 505; 4 W. & S. 362, 
 667 ; 5 W. & S. 266 ; 8 W. & S. 172; 2 Barr 32 ; 6 
 H. 144, 340; 9 H. 496; 1 C. 424; 6 C. 461; 7 C. 
 65; 7 Wr. 404; 14 Wr. 319; 2 S. 531; 12 S. 451; 
 15 S. 59. 
 As to refreshing memory of, 4 S. & R. 499 ; 12 S. & R. 
 
 328; IW. 243; 3 Barr 414; 7 Wr. 350; 3 Gr. 
 
 187; 2 8. 308. 
 
 9. As TO irrelevant matters, 11 S. & R. 149. 337 ; 6 R. 
 
 114; 4 W. 61; 3 Wh. 154; 2 H. 302; 8 C. Ill ; 16 
 S. 69. 
 
 10. Must testify of own knowledge, 7 S. & R. 90 ; 1 W. 
 
WITNESSES— WOODLAND. 843 
 
 WITNESSES— eowimwei. 
 
 & S. 245 ; 4 Wr. 205 ; 6 Wr. 114 ; 1 S. 332 ; 9 S. 
 
 78. 
 
 11. Where memory of, is defective, 7 S. 398. 
 
 12. May state substance of former testimony, 10 S. & 
 
 E. 14 ; 11 S. & R. 149, 337 ; 17 S. & R. 322 ; 4 Wr. 
 199. 
 
 13. As to criminating answers, 8 H. 354. 
 
 14. As to contents of writings, 1 W. & S. 446 ; 3 W. & 
 
 S. 291; 4 W. & S. 426; 7 W. & S. 32 ; 9 Barr 172. 
 
 15. As to' conversations with parties, 11 S. & R. 280; 3 
 
 W. & S. 137 ; 5 Wr. 13 ; 7 Wr. 191 ; 12 S. 451. 
 
 16. As TO opinion. See Experts ; Opinion of Witnesses. 
 
 17. As TO IMPRESSIONS, 4 S. & R. 329 ; 1 Wh. 392 ; 2 Wr. 
 
 56. 
 
 18. Contradiction of, 1 D. 3; 2 S. & R. 236; 8 S. & R. 
 
 317; 10 S. & R. 282; 11 S. & R. 198; 12 S. k R. 
 281; 13 S. k R. 129 ; 3 R. 407 ; 5 R. 91 ; 1 P. & W. 
 32; 4 W. 51 ; 5 W. 102 ; 7 W. 39 : 8 W. 44 ; 5 Wh. 
 288 ; 4 W. & S. 557 ; 7 W. & S. 391 ; 9 W. & S. 54 ; 
 2 Barr 32 ; 3 Barr 221 ; 6 Barr 425 ; 9 Barr 151 ; 2 
 J. 101 ; 4 H. 226 ; 9 H. 274 ; 6 C. 451 ; 7 C. 65, 75, 
 96, 489 ; 5 Wr. 102, 110 ; 7 Wr. 9 ; 10 Wr. 55 ; 3 Gr. 
 178; 3 S. 490; 5 S. 468; 11 S. 183, 184; 20 S. 460. 
 
 19. As TO discrediting parties' own witness, '7 W. 39 ; 8 
 
 W. 447; 6 W. & S. 285; 9 H. 274; 3 S. 491. 
 
 20. Confronting of, 1 S. 332, 387. 
 
 21. Error in rejection of, cured by re-examination, 6 
 
 W. k S. 122; 1 Gr. 329. 
 
 22. Testimony of, not to be used afterwards as admis- 
 
 sion against, 7 S. 360; 20 S. 31. 
 
 WOOD CORDER. 
 
 Rights and duties of, 8 S. & R. 50. 
 
 WOODEN BUILDINGS. See Municipal Corporations 7. 
 
 WOODLAND. 
 
 1. Devise of, construed, 2 Y. 380; 1 S. & R. 169; 2 C. 131. 
 
 2. Title to, by possession, 6 H. 377; 7 H. 406; 8 H. 163. 
 
 3. Right of tenant in doaver in, 3 Y. 261. 
 
 4. Passes with farm to which it belongs, 2 R. 14. 
 
 5. Road through, by user, 11 H. 501; 4 0. 202. 
 
 6. Possession of. 
 
 When sufficient, 9 C. 331; 1 Wr. 116; 3 S. 313. 
 
844 WORK— YOUGHIOGENY RIVER. 
 
 WORK. 
 
 1. Compensation for, depends on place where it is 
 
 DONE, 16 S. & R. 126. 
 
 2. For others creates no title to product, 5 S. 438. 
 
 3. Damages in action on contract for. See Services. 
 
 WORKMANLIKE MANNER. 
 
 Defined, 5 S. 349. 
 
 WORLDLY GOODS OP ALL SORTS AND KINDS. 
 Meaning of in will, 6 Wh. 236, 244. 
 
 WRECK. 
 
 What is in law, 2 D. 122. 
 
 WRITING. 
 
 1. ProxMise when to be in, 7 C. 252, 265 ; 2 Wr. 302 ; 4 
 
 Wr. 107 ; 8 Wr. 107 ; 9 Wr. 30, 186, 345, 350, 464 ; 12 
 Wr. 113, 286, 411; 14 Wr. 39, 85. See Fraud, 
 Statute of. 
 
 2. Interpretation op. See Court. 
 
 W^RITS. 
 
 1. Precedence as to, 1 D. 22. 
 
 2. Void, 1 D. 79 ; 3 Gr. 230. 
 
 3. Voidable, 3 S. & R. 139. 
 
 4. Existence of, how proved, 2 Y. 457. 
 
 5. Unsigned by proper officer, 1 S. & R. 92. 
 
 6. Erroneous directions in, 1 S. & R. 92. 
 
 7. Service of, 3 Y. 258 ; 1 B. 77 ; 2 Wr. 300 ; 8 Wr. 213, 
 
 322,422; 11 Wr. 127. 
 
 8. Return op, 1 D. 79 ; 3 Y. 18 ; 4 Y. 192 ; 4 B. 496 ; 3 Gr. 
 
 236. 
 
 9. Taxation of, 11 Wr. 363. 
 
 10. Power of court over, 2 Wr. 34 ; 3 Gr. 236. 
 
 YEATES, JASPER. 
 Appointed judge, 1 Y. 1. 
 
 YEOMAN. 
 
 Definition of, 2 D. 92; 1 P. & W. 93. 
 
 YOUGHIOGENY RIVER. 
 
 Act relative to dams in, 6 W. 449. 
 
 the end. 
 
0''. 
 
 %