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 THE GIFT OF 
 
 1891 
 
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VIA LATINA 
 
 EASY LATIN READER 
 
 WILLIAM C. COLLAR 
 
 Head-Master Roxbury Latin School 
 
 VOCABULARY 
 
 CLARENCE W. GLEASON 
 
 faster in Roxbury Latin School 
 
 Boston, U.S.A., and London 
 GINN & COMPANY, PUBLISHERS 
 
 1897 
 
Copyright, 1897, bv 
 WILLIAM C. COLLAR 
 
 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 The Latin problem, so far as it relates to secondary 
 schools, remains but partially solved. The beggarly 
 results of much study of Latin in preparation for college 
 are not denied, and cannot be, for they are patent. In 
 1896 nearly a third of the applicants for admission to 
 Harvard failed on the final examination in Latin, and in 
 1895 a little more than one-third. But it is very well 
 known that the pass mark on the entrance examination 
 is very low. It is said to be no more than forty per cent, 
 and there are indications that it is sometimes lower. If 
 one-third fail to obtain the lowest admissible mark, prob- 
 ably it would be safe to assume that another third do not 
 get higher than from forty^to sixty per cent, leaving only 
 a third of the entire number who are able to pass the 
 Harvard test in a creditable, or even satisfactory, manner. 
 One might appeal to the experience of teachers. How 
 many are there who do not find what seem reasonable 
 expectations and hopes disappointed ? How many who 
 do not often contemplate with amazement and mortifica- 
 tion the wretched fruit of honest study and sound instruc- 
 tion? It must be sorrowfully admitted that our boys and 
 girls do not learn to speak Latin, or to understand it, or 
 to write it, or even to read it. 
 
 ,What is the secret of this failure, disappointment, and 
 discontent ? I believe the answer is to be found in the 
 
iv PREFACE. 
 
 prevailing underestimate of tlie difficulty of learning 
 Latin. Latin was 'never an easy language, but it was 
 certainly easier for the generations that did not question 
 its educational value, than for this, that questions and 
 doubts everything. Not recognizing its inherent difficulty, 
 we commit two capital mistakes. We do not allow suffi- 
 cient time, and we do not, provide for an easy and gradual 
 progression. 
 
 Both these errors are glanced at in the report of the 
 Latin Conference to the "Committee of Ten" in 1892. 
 In recommending a lengthening of the Latin preparatory 
 course, the Conference says : "The aggregate of one 
 thousand or twelve hundred hours is much below the 
 average in the schools of England, France, and Germany. 
 The explanation of the undeniable fact that, in the coun- 
 tries just named, Latin has been more successfully 
 employed than with us as an instrument for training the 
 mind to habits of intellectual conscientiousness, patience, 
 discrimination, and thoroughness, — in a word, to habits 
 of clear and sound thinking, — doubtless lies partly in 
 the more liberal .allowance of time." 
 
 Touching the second error, the Conference deprecates 
 the immediate transition from a first-year book of forms 
 and simple constructions to the reading of a classic author 
 in Latin, and especially the absurdity of a plunge at 
 once into the Gallic War. It recommends the use of 
 easy reading to prepare the learner, by an enlarged 
 vocabulary and practice in translating Latin not beyond 
 his powers, for the severer task that confronts him when 
 he takes up Nepos, Caesar, or Ovid. 
 
 If these suggestions of the Conference were carefully 
 carried out, the study of Latin with us would be revolu- 
 
PREFACE. V 
 
 tionized. Why should it not be ? What could with more 
 certainty predetermine failure in any subject than to give 
 to it no more than two-thirds, or even half, the time 
 needed for its mastery ? How can we hope to do in four 
 or five years what foreign schools, taught by accomplished 
 scholars and trained teachers, need eight or nine years to 
 achieve ? If it is worth while to study Latin at all it must 
 have a larger allotment of time. How is this possible 
 with our present crowded programmes ? There is only 
 one way. Latin must be begun one, two, or even three 
 years earlier than is common in this country. Instead 
 of beginning at fourteen, the average age now, the study 
 should not be deferred beyond the eleventh or twelfth 
 year. 
 
 Here, I say, is our first capital error, but we aggravate 
 it by another, as has been already indicated. We do 
 not mount our Hill of Difficulty by a winding way and a 
 gentle incline. No, we strike a bee line for the top, 
 regardless of obstacles, over height and hollow, 
 
 " Thorough bush, thorough brier," 
 
 with the natural result of waste of time, weariness, dis- 
 gust, and defeat. 
 
 We rightly aim to teach our pupils to read, that is, to 
 understand, Latin, as well as to translate into pure Eng- 
 lish, because such are the means. for acquiring power 
 through the best training. Training in reading is train- 
 ing in insight; and insight is to be gained by the learner's 
 application of his powers to texts that are not too easy, 
 of which there is little danger in Latin, nor too stubborn 
 and complicated. It is a question of grading difficulties, 
 of suiting the task you set the pupil to his capacity at 
 
vi PREFACE. 
 
 successive stages. Just here lies the nodus of the problem 
 that must be worked out to a practical solution. If we 
 succeed, there will be a two-fold gain, — a more rapid 
 advance, and increased pleasure for the learner, not 
 because less effort will be required of him, but because 
 with the same eifort he will be carried forward so much 
 farther. 
 
 To find and prepare suitable reading to follow the first 
 half year or year in a Latin course is not easy. A read- 
 ing book for that stage should fulfill three conditions : it 
 should not be too hard, it should be interesting, and it 
 should lead by a gradual ascent to the level of one or 
 another of the classic authors usually taken first. Further- 
 more, it should be designed and used for rapid reading, 
 not for an;ilysis and parsing. It should accordingly be 
 annotated with a view to make the learner quick to 
 observe and compare different meanings of the same 
 word, and synonymous and contrasted words, to the end 
 that the first and greatest difficulty, that of the Latin 
 vocabulary, may be partially surmounted. Not that this 
 should be the sole purpose, but it should be put fitst. 
 
 Many teachers have found that The New Gradatim 
 fulfills all these conditions ; but for those who do not use 
 that book, as well as for those who do, but who are of 
 the opinion that additional ad interim reading is desirable, 
 this Reader has been prepared. 
 
 WM. C. COLLAR. 
 
 RoxBURY Latin School, 
 April 2, 1897. 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 PAGB 
 
 The Argonauts . i 
 
 Ulysses 17 
 
 The Seven Kings of Rome 33 
 
 Fables . . . ....'... 48 
 
 Gaius Julius Caesar 58 
 
 Alcibiades . 66 
 
 Notes . • ■ 77 
 
 Vocabulary m 
 
VIA LA TINA. 
 
 — «+an- 
 
 THE ARGONAUTS. 
 
 The celebrated voyage of the Argonauts was brought about 
 as follows, Pelias had expelled his brother ^son from his 
 kingdom in Thessaly, and had attempted to take the life of 
 fason, the son of yEson. fason, however, escaped, and grew 
 up to manhood in another country. At last he returned to 
 Thessaly, and Pelias, fearing that he might attempt to recover 
 the kingdom, sent him to fetch the Golden Fleece from Colchis, 
 supposing this to be an impossible feat, fason, with a band 
 of heroes, started in the ship Argo {called after Argus, its 
 builder), and after many adventures reached Colchis. Here 
 jEtes, king of Colchis, who was unwilling to give up the 
 Fleece, set fason to perform what seemed an impossible task, 
 namely, to plough a field with certain fire-breathing oxen, and 
 then to sow it with dragon's teeth. Medea, the daughter of 
 the king, however, assisted fason by her skill in magic, first 
 to perform the task appointed, and then to procure the Fleece. 
 Medea then fled with Jason, and, in order to delay the pur- 
 suit of her father, sacrificed her brother Absyrtus. After 
 reaching Thessaly, Medea caused the death of Pelias, and, 
 with her husband, was expelled from Thessaly. They 
 removed to Corinth, and here Medea, becoming jealous of 
 Glauce, daughter of Creon, caused her death by means of a 
 poisoned robe. After this, Medea was carried off in a char- 
 iot sent by the sun-god, and Jason was soon afterwards acci- 
 dentally killed. 
 
y/A 'LATINA. 
 
 I. The Wicked Dncle. 
 
 Erant olim in Thessalia duo fratres, quorum alter Aeson, 
 alter Pelias appellatus est. Horum Aeson primum reg- 
 num obtinuerat, at post paucos annos Pelias, regni cupi- 
 ditate adductus, non modo fratrem suum expulit, sed 
 5 etiam in animo habebat, lasonem, Aesonis filium, inter- 
 ficere. Quidam tamen ex amicis Aesonis, ubi sententiam 
 Peliae intellexerunt, puerum e tanto periculo eripere con- 
 stituerunt. Noctu igitur lasonem ex urbe abstulerunt et 
 cum posters die ad regem rediissent ei renuntiaverunt 
 lo puerum mortuum esse. Pelias, cum haec audivisset, etsi 
 re vera magnum gaudium percipiebat, speciem tamen 
 doloris praebuit et quae causa esset mortis quaesivit. Illi 
 tamen, cum bene intellegerent dolorem eius falsum esse, 
 nescio quam fabulam de morte pueri finxerunt. 
 
 2. A Careless Sboe-Strin?. 
 
 IS Post breve tempus Pelias, veritus ne regnum suum 
 tanta vi et fraude occupatum amitteret, amicum quondam 
 Delphos misit, qui 5raculum consuleret. lUe igitur quam 
 celerrime Delphos se contulit et quam ob causam venisset 
 demonstravit. Respondit oraculum nullum esse in prae- 
 
 20 sentia periculum ; monuit tamen Peliam ut, si quis veniret 
 calceum unum gerens, eum caveret. Post paucos annos 
 accidit ut Pelias magnum sacrificium facturus esset ; nun- 
 tios in omnis partis dimiserat et certum diem conveni- 
 endi dixerat. Die constitiito magnus numerus hominum 
 
 2S undique ex agris convenit ; inter alios autem venit ctiam 
 
 6 sententiam: consilium. 14 nescio c[uam : aliqiiam. 
 
 11 percipiebat: senlUbat. 18 quam ob causam : cur. 
 
 12 praebuit: osUnUit. 19 in praeseotia : nunc. 
 
THE ARGONAUTS. 3 
 
 lason, qui a puero apud Centaurum quendam vixerat. 
 Dum tamen iter facit, calceum alterum in transeundo 
 nescio quo flumine amisit. 
 
 3. The Golden Fleece. 
 
 lason igitur, cum calceum amissum nullo modo recipere 
 posset, altero pede nudo in regiam pervenit. Quem cum 5 
 vidisset Pelias^ subito timore adfectus est ; intellexit enim 
 hunc esse Hominem quem oraculum demonstravisset. 
 Hoc igitur iniit consilium. Rex erat quidam nomine 
 Aeetes, qui regnum Colchidis illo tempore obtinebat. 
 Huic commissum erat vellus illud aureum quod PhrTxus 10 
 olim ibi reliquerat. Constituit igitur Pelias lasoni nego- 
 tium dare ut hoc vellere potiretur ; cum enim res esset 
 magni periculi, sperabat eum in itinere periturum esse, 
 lasonem igitur ad se arcessivit et quid fieri vellet demon- 
 stravit. lason autem, etsi bene intellegebat rem esse 15 
 difficillimam, negotium libenter suscepit. 
 
 4. The Bnildlne of the Good Ship Areo. 
 
 Cum tamen Colchis multorum dierum iter ab e5 loco 
 abesset, nSluit lason solus proficisci. Dimisit igitur nun- 
 tios in omnis partis, qui causam itineris docerent et diem 
 certum conveniendi dicerent. Interea, postquam omnia 20 
 quae sunt usui ad armandas navis comportari iussit, 
 negotium dedit Argo cuidam, qui summam scientiam 
 rerum nauticarum habebat, ut navem aedificaret. In his 
 rebus circiter decem dies consumpti sunt ; Argus enim 
 
 2 alterum: iimim. 11 constituit: p. 2, 1. 7. 
 
 3 nescio quo: p. 2, 1. 14. 14 arcessivit: vocavit. 
 8 iniit : fecit. 15 etsi : p. 2, 1. 10. 
 
4 V/'A LA TINA. , 
 
 qui operi praeerat tantam diligentiam praebebat, ut ne 
 nocturnum quidem tempus ad laborem intermitteret. Ad 
 multitudinem hominum transportandam navis paulo erat 
 latior quart! quibus in nostro mari uti consuevimus et ad 
 5 vim tempestatum perferendam tota e robore facta est. 
 
 5. ' Tbe Anchor is Weighed. 
 
 Interea is dies appetebat quem lason per nuntios 
 edixerat et ex omnibus regionibus Graeciae multi, quos 
 aut rei novitas aut spes gldriae movebat, undique conve- 
 niebant. Tradunt autem in hoc numero fuisse Herculem, 
 
 10 Orpheum, citharoedum praeclarissimum, Theseum, Cas- 
 torem multosque alios, quorum nomina notissima sunt. 
 Ejc his lason, quos arbitratus est ad omnia subeunda 
 pericula paratissimos esse, eos ad numerum quinquaginta 
 delegit et socios sibi adiiinxit. Turn paucos dies commo- 
 
 15 ratus, ut ad omnis casijs subsidia compararet, navem 
 deduxit et tempestatem ad navigandum idoneam nactus 
 magno cum plausu omnium solvit. 
 
 6. A Fatal Mistake. 
 
 Haud multum post Argonautae, ita enim appellati sunt 
 qui in ista navi vehebantur, insulam quandam nomine 
 20 Cyzicum attigerunt et e navi egressi a rege illius regionis 
 hospitio except! sunt. Paucas horas ibi commorati ad 
 solis occasum rursus solverunt; at postquam pauca 
 millia passuum progressi sunt tanta tempestas subito 
 coorta est ut cursum tenere non possent et in eandem 
 
 I praebebat : p. 2, 1. 12. g tradunt : dicunt. 
 
 4 consMeylmus : solemus. 15 aubsiiia. : auxih'um. 
 
 6 a.^^eti\)a.t: appropinqudbat. 16 tempestatem : ^<?«/»j. 
 
THE ARGONAUTS. 5 
 
 partem insulae unde nuper profecti erant magiio cum 
 periculo deicerentur. Incolae tamen, cum nox esset 
 obscura, Argonautas non agnoscebant et navem inimicam 
 venisse arbitrati, arma rapuerunt et eos egredi prohibe- 
 bant. Acriter in litore pugnatum est et rex ipse, qui cum 5 
 aliis decucurrerat, ab Argonautis occisus est. Mox tamen, 
 cum iam dilucesceret, senserunt incolae se errare et arma 
 abiecerunt ; Argonautae autem, cum viderent regem occi- 
 sum esse, magnum dolorem perceperunt. 
 
 7. The Loss of Hylas. 
 
 Postridie eius diei lason, tempestatem satis idoneam 10 
 esse arbitratus, summa enim tranquillitas iam conseciita 
 erat, ancoras sustulit et pauca millia passuum progressus, 
 ante noctem Mysiam attigit. Ibi paucas horas in ancoris 
 exspectavit ; a nautis enim coghoverat aquae copiam 
 quam secum haberent iam deficere, quam ob causam 15 
 quidam ex Argonautis in terram egressi aquam quaere- 
 bant. Horum in numero erat Hylas quidam, puer forma 
 praestantissima, qui dum fontem quaerit a comitibus 
 paulum secesserat. Nymphae autem, quae fontem cole- 
 bant, cum iuvenem vidissent, ei persuadere conatae sunt 20 
 ut secum maneret ; et cum ille negaret se hoc factiirum 
 esse puerum vi abstulerunt. 
 
 Comites eius, postquam Hylam amissum esse sense- 
 runt, magno dolore adfecti, diii friistra quaerebant ; Her- 
 cules autem et Polyphemus, qui vestigia puerf longius 25 
 seciiti erant, ubi tandem ad litus redierunt, lasonem sol- 
 visse cognoverunt. 
 
 2 deicerentur: deferrentur. 19 colebant : incolebant. 
 
 9 perceperunt: p. 2, 1. 11. 22 abstulerunt: p. 2, 1. 8. 
 
 15 deficere: deesse. 26 solvisse: p. 4, 1. 17. 
 
6 V/A LATINA. 
 
 8. Dining Made DUflcnlt. 
 
 Post haec Argonautae ad Thraciam cursum tenuerunt 
 et postquam ad oppiduin Salmydessum navem appulerant 
 in terrain egress! sunt. Ibi cum ab incolis quaesissent 
 quis regnum eius regionis obtineret, certiores facti sunt 
 S Phineum quendam turn regem esse. Cognoverunt etiam 
 hunc caecum esse et diro quodam supplicio adfici, quod 
 olim se crudelissimum in filios suos praebuisset. Cuius 
 supplici hoc erat genus. Missa erant a love monstra 
 quaedam, specie horribili, quae capita virginum, corpora 
 lo volucrum habebant. Hae volucres, quae Harpyiae appel- 
 labantur, Phineo summam molestiam adferebant ; quo- 
 tiens enim ille accubuerat, veniebant et cibum appositum 
 statim auferebant. Quae cum ita essent, baud multum 
 afuit quin Phineus fame moreretur. 
 
 9. Tbe Harpies Beaten. 
 
 15 Res igitur in hoc loco erant, cum Argonautae navem 
 appulerunt. Phineus autem, simul atque audivit eos in 
 suos finis egressos esse, magno opere gavisus est. Sciebat 
 enim quantam opinionem virtijtis Argonautae haberent 
 nee dubitabat quin sibi auxihum ferrent. Nijntium igitur 
 
 20 ad navem misit, qui lasonem sociosque ad regiam vocaret. 
 Eo cum venissent, Phineus demonstravit quanto in peri- 
 culo suae res essent et promisit se magna praemia datii- 
 rum esse, si illi remedium repperissent. Argonautae 
 negotium libenter susceperunt et ubi hora venit cum rege 
 
 25 accubuerunt; at simul ac cena apposita est, Harpyiae 
 
 I cursum tenuerunt: p. 4, 1.24. 18 opinionem: fdmam. 
 
 7 praebuisset: p. ■!., 1. 12. 24 hora: tempus. 
 
 15 navem appulerunt : 1. 2. 25 accubuerunt: 1. 12. 
 
THE ARGONAUTS. 1 
 
 cenaculum intraverunt et cibum auferre c5nabantur. 
 Argonautae primum gladiis volucris petierunt ; cum 
 tamen viderent hoc nihil prodesse, Zetes et Calais, qui 
 alls instruct! sunt, in aera se sublevaverunt, ut desuper 
 impetum facerent. Quod cum sensissent Harpyiae, rei 5 
 novitate perterritae, statim aufugerunt neque postea um- 
 quam redierunt. 
 
 10. The Symplegades. 
 
 Hoc facto, Phineus, ut pro tanto beneficio meritas 
 gratias referret, lasoni demonstravit qua ratione Symple- 
 gades vitare posset. Symplegades autem duae erant 10 
 rupes ingenti magnitildine, quae a love positae erant eo 
 consilio, ne quis ad Colchida perveniret. Hae parvo 
 intervall5 in mari natabant et si quid in medium spatium 
 venerat incredibili celeritate concurrebant. Postquam 
 igitur a Phineo doctus est quid faciendum esset, lason 15 
 sublatis ancoris navem solvit et leni vento provectus mox 
 ad Symplegades appropinquavit ; tum in prora stans 
 columbam quam in manu tenebat emisit. Ilia recta via 
 per medium spatium volavit et priusquam rupes conflixe- 
 runt incolumis evasit cauda tantum amissa. Tum rupes 20 
 utrimque discesserunt ; antequam tamen rursus concur- 
 rerent, Argonautae, bene intellegentes omnem spem saliitis 
 in celeritate positam esse, summa vi remis contenderunt 
 et navem incolumem perduxerunt. Hoc facto, dis gratias 
 libenter egerunt, quorum auxilio e tanto periculo erepti 25 
 essent ; bene enim sciebant non sine auxilio deorum rem 
 ita feliciter evenisse. 
 
 16 sublatis ancoris: p. 5, 1. 12. 23 contenderunt: labdrSve- 
 
 1 7 appropinquavit : cf . p. 4, 1. 6. runt. 
 
 20 incolumis : salva. 24 gratias . . . egerunt : 1. 9- 
 
VIA LA TINA. 
 
 II. A Heavy Task. 
 
 Brevi intermisso spatio, Argonautae ad flumen Phasim 
 venerunt, quod in finibus Colch5rum erat. Ibi cum navem 
 appulissent et in terram egressi essent, statim ad regem 
 Aeetem se contulerunt et ab eo postulaverunt ut vellus 
 5 aureum sibi traderetur. Ille cum audivisset quam ob 
 causam Argonautae venissent, ira commotus est et diu 
 negabat se vellus traditurum esse. Tandem tamen, quod 
 sciebat lasonem non sine auxilio deorum hoc negotium 
 suscepisse, mutata sententia promisit se vellus traditurum, 
 
 JO si lason labores duos difficillimos prius ■perfecisset ; et 
 cum lason dixisset se ad omnia pericula subeunda para- 
 tum esse, quid fieri vellet ostendit. Primum iungendi 
 erant duo tauri specie horribili, qui flammas ex ore ede- 
 bant. Turn, his iunctis, ager quidam arandus erat et 
 
 • S dentes draconis serendi. Hisauditis lason, etsi rem esse 
 summi periculi intellegebat, tamen, ne hanc occasi5nem 
 rei bene gerendae amitteret, negotium suscepit. 
 
 12. Tbe Magic Ointment. 
 
 At Medea, regis filia, lasonem adamavit et ubi audivit 
 eum tantum periculum subitiirum esse rem aegre ferebat. 
 
 20 Intellegebat enim patrem suum hunc laborem proposuisse 
 eo ipso consilio, ut lason moreretur. Quae cum ita 
 essent, Medea, quae summam scientiam medicinae habe- 
 bat, hoc consilium iniit. Media nocte clam patre ex urbe 
 evasit et postquam in montis finitimos venit herbas 
 
 25 quasdam carpsit ; turn suco expresso unguentum paravit 
 
 2 navem appulissent: p. 6, 15 etsi: p. 2, 1. 10. 
 
 1- 15. 23 consilium iniit : p. 3,1.8. 
 
 9 sententia : consilio. 23 clam patre : Insciente paire. 
 
THE ARGONAUTS. 9 
 
 quod vi sua corpus aleret nervosque conflrmaret. Hoc 
 fstcto lasoni unguentum dedit, praecepit autem ut eo die 
 quo isti labores conficiendi essent corpus suum et arma 
 mane oblineret. Ias5n, etsi paene omnis magnitudine 
 et viribus corporis antecellebat, vita enim omnis in vena- s 
 tionibus atque in studiis rei militaris constiterat, censebat 
 tamen hoc consilium non neglegendum esse. 
 
 13. Sowing tlie Dragon's Teetb. 
 
 Ubi is dies venit quern rex ad arandum agrum edixerat, 
 Ias5n orta luce cum sociis ad locum constitutum se con- 
 tulit. Ibi stabulum ingens repperit in quo tauri inclusi lo 
 erant ; turn portis apertis tauros in lucem traxit et summa 
 cum difficultate iugum imposuit. At Aeetes, cum videret 
 tauros nihil contra lasonem valere, magno opere miratus 
 est ; nesciebat enim filiam suam auxilium ei dedisse. 
 Turn lason omnibus aspicientibus agrum arare coepit, 15 
 qua in re tant3.m diligentiam praebuit, ut ante meridiem 
 totum opus confecerit. Hoc facto, ad locum ubi rex 
 sedebat adiit et dentis draconis postulavit. Quos ubi 
 accepit, in agrum quem araverat magna cum diligentia 
 sparsit. Horum autem dentium natura erat talis ut in 20 
 eo loco ubi insiti essent viri armati miro quodam modo 
 gignerentur. 
 
 14. A strange Crop. 
 
 Nondum tamen lason totum opus confecerat ; impera- ' 
 verat enim ei Aeetes ut armatos viros, qui e dentibus 
 gignerentur, solus interficeret. Postquam igitur omnis 25 
 
 9 se contulit : p. i!, 1- 18. 20 sparsit: zi.msiti,\. zi. 
 
 16 praebuit: p. 4, 1- i- 21 msiti:cf.«««fl^f,p.8,l. 15. 
 
10 VIA LA TINA. 
 
 dentis In agrum sparsit, lason lassitudine exanimatus 
 quieti se tradidit, dutn viri isti gignerentur. Paucas 
 horas dormiebat ; sub vesperum tamen e somno subito 
 excitatus rem ita evenisse ut praedictuitn erat c6gn5vit ; 
 5 nam in omnibus agri partibus viri ingenti magnitudine 
 corporis, gladiis galeisque armati, mirum in modum e 
 terra oriebantur. Hoc cognito lason consilium quod 
 dederat Medea non omittendum esse putabat. Saxum 
 igitur ingens, ita enim praeceperat Medea, in medios viros 
 
 10 coniecit. Illi undique ad locum concurrerunt et cum 
 quisque sibi id saxum nescio cur habere vellet magna 
 controversia orta est. Mox strictis gladiis inter se piig- 
 nare coeperunt et cum hoc modo plurimi occisi assent 
 reliqui volneribus confecti a lasone nullo negotio inter- 
 
 JS fecti sunt. 
 
 15. FUght of Medea. 
 
 At rex Aeetes, ubi cognovit lasonem laborem proposi- 
 tum confecisse, ira graviter commotus est, intellegebat 
 enim id per dolum factum esse, nee dubitabat quin Medea 
 auxilium ei tulisset. Medea autem, cum intellegeret se 
 
 20 in magno fore periculo, si in regia mansisset, fuga salutem 
 petere constituit. Omnibus igitur ad fugam paratis media 
 nocte insciente patre cum fratre Absyrto evasit et, quam 
 celerrime ad locum ubi Argo subducta erat se contulit. 
 E6 cum venisset, ad pedes lasonis se proiecit et multis 
 
 25 cum lacrimis obsecravit eum, ne in tanto discrimine muli- 
 erem desereret, quae ei tantum profuisset. lUe, quod 
 
 I lassitudine : defafigatione. 22 insciente patre : p. 8, 1. 23. 
 
 4 evenisse : p. 7, 1. 27. 22 evasit : p. 8, 1. 24. 
 
 g praeceperat : p. 9, 1. i. 25 discrimine : periculo. 
 
THE ARGONAUTS. . 11 
 
 memoria tenebat se per eius auxilium e magn5 pericTjlo 
 evasisse, libenter earn excepit et postquam causam veui- 
 endi audivit hortatus est ne patris iram timeret. Pro- 
 misit autem se quam primum earn in navi sua avecturum. 
 
 16. Tbe Seizure of the Fleece. 
 
 Postridie eius diei lason cum sociis suis orta luce 5 
 navem deduxit et tempestatem idoneam nacti ad eum 
 locum remis contenderunt, quo in loco Medea vellus 
 celatum esse demonstravit. E5 cum venissent lason in 
 terram egressus est et sociis ad mare relictis qui praesidio 
 navi essent ipse cum Medea in silvas viam cepit. Pauca 10 
 millia passuum per silvam progressus vellus quod quaere-' 
 bat ex arbore suspensum vidit. Id tamen auferre res 
 erat summae difficultatis ; non modo enim locus ipse 
 egregie et natiira. et arte munitus erat, sed etiam draco 
 quidam specie terribili arborem custodiebat. At Medea, 15 
 quae, ut supra demonstravimus, medicinae summam scien- 
 tiam habuit, ramum quem ex arbore proxima deripuerat 
 vengno infecit. Hoc facto ad locum appropinquavit et 
 draconem, qui faucibus apertis adventum exspectabat, 
 veneno sparsit. Proinde, dum draco, somno oppressus 20 
 dormit, lason vellus aureum ex arbore deripuit et cum 
 Medea quam celerrime pedem rettulit. 
 
 17. Back to tlie Argo. 
 
 Dum tamen ea geruntur, Argonautae, qui ad mare 
 felicti erant, animo anxio reditum lasonis exspectabant ; 
 
 5 orta liice : p. 9, 1. 9. 20 proinde : igitur, p. 2, 1. 8. 
 
 7 remis contend. : p. 7,1. 23. 22 pedem rettulit : wirratoA?, 
 
 16 scientiam : p. 8, 1. 22. p. 2, 1. 18. 
 
12 VIA LATINA. 
 
 bene enim intellegebant id negotium summi esse periculi. 
 Postquam igitur ad occasum solis frustra exspectaverant, 
 de eius salQte desperare coeperunt nee dubitabant quin 
 aliqui casus accidisset. Quae cum ita essent, maturan- 
 5 dum sibi censuerunt, ut auxilium duci ferrent, et dum 
 proficisci parant lumen quoddam subito cSnspiciunt 
 mirum in modum inter silvas refulgens. Magno opere 
 mirati quae causa esset eius rei ad locum concurrunt. 
 Quo cum venissent, lasoni et Medeae advenientibus 
 lo occurrerunt et vellus aureum luminis eius causam esse 
 cognoverunt. Omni timore sublato, magno cum gaudio 
 ducem suum exceperunt et dis gratias libenter rettulerunt 
 quod res ita feliciter evenisset. 
 
 18. Fnrsned by tlie Angry Father. 
 
 His rebus gestis, omnes sine mora navem rursus c5n- 
 
 15 scenderunt et sublatis ancoris prima vigilia solverunt ; 
 
 neque enim satis tutum esse arbitrati sunt in eo loco 
 
 manere. At rex Aeetes, qui iam ante inimico in eos 
 
 fuerat animo, ubi cognovit filiam suam non modo ad 
 
 Argonautas se recepisse sed etiam ad vellus auferendum 
 
 20 auxilium tulisse, hoc dolore gravius exarsit. Navem 
 
 longam quam celerrime dediici iussit et militibus impo- 
 
 sitis fugientis inseciitus est. Argonautae, qui bene 
 
 sciebant rem in discrimine esse, summis viribus remls 
 
 contendebant. Cum tamen navis qua vehebantur ingenti 
 
 25 esset magnitiidine, non eadem celeritate qua Colchi pro- 
 
 5 censuerunt: putdverunt, 12 gratias rettulerunt: p. 7,1.9. 
 p. 10, 1. 8. 15 sublatis ancoris: p. 7, 1. 16. 
 
 7 magno opere: p. 6,1. 17. 19 se recepisse: se contulisse,^. 
 
 12 exceperunt: p. n, 1. 2. 2, 1. i8. 
 
THE ARGONAUTS. 13 
 
 gredi poterant. Quae cum ita essent, minimum afuit 
 quin a Colchis sequentibus caperentur neque enim lon- 
 gius intererat quam quo telum adici posset. At Medea, 
 cum vidisset quo in loc5 res essent, paene omni spe 
 deposita, infandum hoc consilium cepit. 5 
 
 19. A Fearful Expedient. 
 
 Erat in navi Argon autarum filius quidam regis Aeetae, 
 nSmine Absyrtus, quem, ut supra demonstravimus, Medea 
 ex urbe fugiens secum abduxerat. Hunc puerum Medea 
 constituit interficere eo consilio ut membris eius in mare 
 coniectis cursum Colchorum impediret ; pro cert5 enim lo 
 sciebat Aeetem, cum membra fill vidisset, n5n longius 
 prosecuturum esse, neque opinio eam fefellit ; omnia 
 enim ita evenerunt ut Medea speraverat. Aeetes, ubi 
 . primum membra vidit, ad ea conligenda navem statui 
 iussit ; dum tamen ea geruntur, Argonautae non inter- is 
 misso remigandi labore, mox, quod necesse fuit, e con- 
 spectQ hostium rem5ti sunt neque prius fugere destiterunt 
 quam ad iiiimen 'Eridanum pervenerunt. At Aeetes nihil 
 sibi profuturpm esse arbitratus, si^ longius progressus 
 esset, animo demisso domum revertit, ut fill corpus ad 20 
 sepultQram daret. 
 
 20. Tlie Bargrain wttli Fellas. 
 
 Tandem post multa pericula lason in eundem locum 
 pervenit unde olim profectus erat. Tum e navi egressus 
 
 I minimum afuit: p. 6, 1. 14. 15 intermisso : p. 4, 1. ^■ 
 
 5 consilium cepit: p. 3,1.8. 19 profuturum: p. 10,1.26. 
 
 7 supra : anted. 21 sepultiiram daret : sepe- 
 
 10 impediret: moraretur. liret. 
 
14 VIA LATINA. 
 
 ad regem Peliam, qui regnum adhuc obtinebat, statitn se 
 contulit et vellere aureo monstrato ab eo postulavit ut 
 regnum sibi traderetur ; Pelias enim pollicitus erat, si 
 lason vellus rettulisset, se regnum ei traditiirum. Post- 
 
 5 quam lason ostendit quid fieri vellet Pelias primum nihil 
 respondit, sed diii in eadem tristitia tacitus permansit ; 
 tandem ita lociitus est. " Vides me aetate iam esse con- 
 fectum neque dubium est quin dies supremus mihi adsit. 
 Liceat igitur mihi dum vivam hoc regnum obtinere ; tum, 
 
 10 postquam ego e vita discessero, tu in meum locum 
 venies." Hac oratione adductus lason respondit se id 
 factiirum quod ille rogasset. 
 
 21. BoUed Matton. 
 
 His rebus cog^nitis Medea rem aegre tulit et regni 
 cupiditate adducta constituit mortem regi per dolum 
 
 15 inferre. Hoc constitflto, ad filias regis venit atque ita 
 locuta est. " Videtis patrem vestrum aetate iam esse 
 confectum neque ad laborem regnandi perferendum satis 
 valere. Voltisne eum rursus iuvenem fieri ? " Tum filiae 
 regis his auditis ita responderunt. " Num hoc fieri potest ^ 
 
 20 Quis enim umquam e sene iuvenis factus est ? " At 
 Medea respondit, " Scitis me medicinae summam habere 
 
 . scientiam. Nunc igitur vobis demonstrabo qu5 modo 
 haec res fieri possit." His dictis, cum arietem aetate 
 iam confectum interfecisset, membra eius in vas aeneum 
 
 25 posuit et igni supposito aquae herbas quasdam infudit. 
 Tum, dum aqua efferveseeret, carmen magicum cantabat. 
 
 7 confectum: p. 10, 1. 14. 13 a&%xii-aS.\X:irdcommdtaest. 
 
 9 obtinere : habere, tenere. 22 scientiam : p. 8, 1. 22. 
 
THE ARGONAUTS.^ IS 
 
 Post breve tempus aries e vase exsiluit et viribus refectis 
 per agros currebat. 
 
 22. A Dangerous Experiment. 
 
 Dum filiae regis hoc miraculum stupentes intuentur, , 
 Medea ita locuta est. "Videtis quantum valeat medi- 
 cina. Vos igitur, si voltis patrem vestrum in adulescen- S 
 tiam reducere, id quod feci ipsae facietis. Vos patris 
 membra in vas conicite ; ego herbas magicas praebebo." 
 His auditis filiae regis consilium quod dederat Medea 
 non omittendum putaverunt. Patrem igitur Peliam neca- 
 verunt et membra eius in vas aeneum coniecerunt ; nihil lo 
 enim dubitabant quin hoc maxime ei profutiirum esset. 
 At res omnino aliter ev^nit ac speraverant, Medea enim 
 non easdem herbas dedit quibus ipsa Csa erat. Itaque, 
 postquani diu frustra exspectaverunt, patrem suum re vera 
 mortuum esse intellexerunt. His rebus gestis, Medea 15 
 sperabat se cum coniuge suo regnum accepturam esse ; 
 at cives, cum intellegerent quo modo Pelias periisset, 
 tantum scelus aegre tulerunt itaque lasone et Medea e 
 regno expulsis Acastum regem creaverunt. 
 
 23. A Fatal Gift. 
 
 Post haec lason et Medea e Thessalia expulsi ad urbem 20 
 Corinthum venerunt, cuius urbis Creon quidam regnum 
 turn obtinebat. Erat autem Creonti filia una, nomine 
 Glauce. Quam cum vidisset, lason constituit Medeam 
 uxorem suam repudiare eo consilio, ut Glailcen in matri- 
 
 3 intuentur : vident. 12 ac : quam. 
 
 5 adulescentiam: /aww^KfcOT. 18 aegre tulerunt : p. 14, 1. 13. 
 II profuturum: p. 13, 1. 19. 22 obtinebat: p. 14, 1. 9. 
 
16 V/A LATINA. 
 
 monium duceret. At Medea, ubi intellexit quae ille in 
 animo haberet, ira graviter commota, iure iurando confir- 
 mavit se tantam iniuriam ulturam. Hoc igitur consilium 
 cepit. Vestem paravit summa arte contextam et variis 
 S coloribus tinctam. Hanc diro quodam infecit veneno, 
 cuius vis talis erat ut si quis earn vestem induisset 
 corpus eius quasi igni urpretur. Hoc facto vestem ad 
 Glaucen misit : ilia autem nihil mali suspicans donum 
 libenter accepit et vestem novam more feminarum 
 10 statim induit. 
 
 24. Fllglit of Medea and Death of Jason. 
 
 Vix vestem induerat Glauce, cum dolorem gravem per 
 omnia membra sensit' et post paulum diro cruciatu adfecta 
 e vita excessit. His rebus gestis, Medea furore atque 
 amentia impulsa filios suos necavit. Turn magnum sibi 
 
 15 fore periculum arbitrata, si in Thessalia maneret, ex ea 
 regi5ne fugere constituit. Hoc constituto S5lem oravit 
 ut in tanto periculo auxilium sibi praeberet. Sol autem 
 his precibus commotus currum quendam misit, cui dra- 
 cones alis instructi iuncti erant. Medea n5n omittendam 
 
 20 tantam occasi5nem arbitrata currum conscendit itaque 
 per aera vecta incolumis ad urbem Athenas pervenit. 
 lason autem post breve tempus miro modo occisus est. 
 Ille enim, sive casu sive consilio deorum, sub umbra 
 navis suae, quae in litus subducta erat, olim dormiebat. 
 
 25 At navis, quae adhuc erecta steterat, in earn partem ubi 
 lason iacebat subito delapsa virum infelicem oppressit. 
 
 5 infecit veneno: p. 11, 1. 18. 20 occasionem: p. 8, 1. 16. 
 13 e vita excessit : mortua est. 21 vecta: p. 4, 1. 19. 
 16 oravit: ofaifcraOT/, p. 10, 1.25. 21 incolumis: p. 7, 1. 20. 
 
ULYSSES. 
 
 Ulysses, a celebrated Greek hero, took a prominent part in 
 the long siege of Troy. After the fall of the city, he set out 
 with his followers on his homeward voyage to Ithaca, an 
 island of which he was kingj but, being driven out of his 
 course by northerly winds, he was compelled to touch at the 
 country of the Lotus Eaters, who are supposed to have lived 
 on the north coast of Libya {Africa'). Some of his comrades 
 were so delighted with the lotus fruit that they wished to 
 remain in the country, but Ulysses compelled them to embark 
 again, and continued his voyage. He next came to the island 
 of Sicily, and fell into the hands of the giant Polyphemus, 
 one of the Cyclopes. After several of his comrades had been 
 killed by the monster, Ulysses made his escape by stratagem, 
 and next reached the country of the Winds. Here he received 
 the help of jEoIus, king of the winds, and, having set sail 
 again, arrived within sight of Ithaca j but, owing to the folly 
 of his companions, the winds became suddenly adverse, and 
 they were again driven back. They then touched at an island 
 occupied by Circe^ a powerful enchantress, who exercised her 
 charms on the companions of Ulysses, and turned them into 
 swine. By the help of the god Mercury, Ulysses himself not 
 only escaped this fate, but forced Circe to restore her victims 
 to human shape. After staying a year with Circe, Ulysses 
 again set out, and eventually reached his home. 
 
 25. Homeward Bound. 
 
 Urbem, Troiam a Graecis decern annos obsessam esse, 
 satis constat ; de hoc enim bello Homerus, maximus 
 poetarum Graecorum, Iliadem, opus notissimum, scripsit. 
 
 2 constat : cdgnitum est- 
 
18 V/A LATINA. 
 
 Troia tandem per insidias capta, Graeci longo bell5 fessi 
 domum redire maturaverunt. Omnibus igitur ad profec- 
 tionem paratis navis deduxerunt et tempestatem idoneam 
 nacti magno cum gaudio solverunt. Erat inter primes 
 S Graec5rum Ulixes quidam, vir summae virtutis ac pru- 
 dentiae, quem dicunt nonnulli dolum istum excogitasse 
 per quem Troiam captam esse constat. Hie regnum 
 insulae Itliacae obtinuerat et paulo antequam cum reliquis 
 Graecis ad bellum profectus est, cum puellam formSsissi- 
 10 mam, nomine Penelopen, in matrimonium duxisset. Nunc 
 igitur cum iam decem annos quasi in exsilio consiimpsis- 
 set, magna cupidine patriae et uxoris videndae ardebat. 
 
 26. Tbe Lotos Eaters. 
 
 Postquam tamen pauca millia passuum a litere Troiae 
 progress! sunt, tanta tempestas subito coorta est ut nialla 
 
 15 navium cursum tenere posset, sed aliae alias in partis 
 disicerentur. Navis autem qua ipse Ulixes vehebatur 
 vi tempestatis ad meridiem delata, decim5 die ad litus 
 Libyae appulsa est. Ancoris iactis, Ulixes constituit 
 nonnullos e sociis in terram exponere, qui aquam ad 
 
 20 navem referrent et qualis esset natiira eius regionis cog- 
 noscerent. Hi igitur e navi egressi imperata facere 
 parabant. Dum tamen fontem quaerunt, quibusdam ex 
 incolis obviam facti ab iis hospitio accept! sunt. Accidit 
 autem ut victus eorum hominum e miro quodam fructa 
 
 25 quem lotum appellabant paene omnin5 constaret. Quem 
 cum Graeci gustassent, patriae et sociorum statim obliti 
 
 2 maturaverunt: contende- 16 i^svxrtTAax : dlspergerentur. 
 
 runt, p. 12, 1. 24. 18 appulsa : admdta. 
 
 12 ardebat: p. 12,1. 20. 25 c5nstaret: cdnsisteret. 
 
ULYSSES. 19 
 
 confirmaverunt se semper in ea terra mansuros, ut dulci 
 ills cibo in aeternum vescerentur. 
 
 27. The Lotns 'Eaters — cmtiitued. 
 
 At Ulixes, cum ab hora septima ad vesperum exspec- 
 tasset, veritus ne socii sui in periculo versarentur, ' 
 nonnullos e reliquis misit, ut quae causa esset morae, 5 
 cognoscerent. Hi igitur in terram expositi, ad vicum 
 qui non longe afuit se contulerunt ; quo cum venissent, 
 socios suos quasi vin5 ebrios reppererunt. Turn ubi 
 causam veniendi docuerunt, iis persuadere conabantur ut 
 secum ad navem redirent. Illi tamen resistere ac manu 10 
 se defendere coeperunt, saepe clamitantes se numquam 
 ex 60 loco abitijros. Quae cum ita essent, nuntii re 
 infecta ad Ulixem redierunt. His rebus cognitis, Ulixes 
 ipse cum omnibus qui in navi relicti sunt ad locum venit ; 
 et socios suos friistra. hortatus ut sponte sua redirent, 15 
 manibus eorum post terga vinctis, invitos ad navem 
 reportavit. Turn ancoris sublatis quam celerrime e portu 
 solvit. 
 
 28. Tbe One-eyed Giant. 
 
 Postrldie eius diei postquam totam noctem remis con- 
 tenderant, ad terram ignotam navem appulerunt. Tum, 20 
 quod natiiram eius regionis ignorabat, ipse Ulixes cum 
 duodeciih e sociis in terram egressus locum explorare 
 constituit. Paulum a litore progress! ad antrum ingens 
 
 4 versarentur: essent. 17 quam celerrime: summS 
 
 6 expositi : egressi, p. 18, 1. 21 . celeritate. 
 
 17 ancoris sublatis: cf. opp., ig remis contenderant : p. iz, 
 
 p. 18, 1. 18. 1. 23. 
 
20 VIA LATIATA. 
 
 pervenerunt, quod habitari senserunt; eius enim intro- 
 itum arte et manibus munitum esse animadverterunt. 
 Mox, etsi intellegebant se non sine periculo id facturos, 
 antrum intraverunt, quod cum fecissent, magnam copiam 
 5 lactis invenerunt in vasis ingentibus conditam. Dum 
 tamen mirantur quis eam sedem incoleret, sonitum terri- 
 bilem audiverunt et oculis ad portam versis monstrum 
 horribile viderunt, humana quidem specie et figura sed 
 ingenti magnitudine corporis. Cum autem animadver- 
 10 tissent gigantem unum tantum oculum habere in media 
 fronte positum, intellexerunt hunc esse unum e Cyclopi- 
 bus, de quibus famam iam acceperant. 
 
 29. The Giant's Sapper. 
 
 Cyclopes autem pastSres erant quidam, qui insulam 
 Sicilian! et praecipue montem Aetnam incolebant ; ibi 
 
 IS enim Volcanus, praeses fabrorum et ignis repertor, ciiius 
 servi Cyclopes erant, officinam suam habebat. 
 
 Graeci igitur, simul ac monstrum viderunt, terrore 
 paene exanimati in interiorem partem speluncae refuge- 
 runt et se ibi celare conabantur. Polyphemus autem, ita 
 
 20 enim gigas appellatus est, pecora sua in speluncam egit ; 
 turn cum saxo ingenti portam obstruxisset, ignem in 
 medio antr5 accendit. Hoc facto, ocul5 omnia perlustra- 
 bat et cum sensisset homines in interi5re parte antri 
 celari, magna voce exclamavit. " Qui estis homines ? 
 
 25 Mercatores an latrones .' " Tum Ulixes respondit se 
 neque mercatores esse neque praedandi causa venisse : 
 
 S conditam : positam. 15 repertor : inventor. 
 
 13 acceperant : audlvcrant. 20 speluncam : antrum. 
 
 32 perlustrabat : perspiciibat. 
 
ULYSSES. 21 
 
 sed e Troia redeuntis vi tempestatum a recto cursu de- 
 pulsos esse ; oravit etiam ut sibi sine iniuria abire liceret. 
 Turn Polyphemus quaesivit ubi esset naviS qua vecti 
 essent ; Ulixes autem, cum bene intellegeret sibi maxime 
 praecavendum esse, respondit navem suam in rupis 5 
 coniectam et omnino perfractam esse. Polyphemus autem 
 sine ullo responso duo e sociis manu corripuit et mem- 
 bris eorum divolsis carnem devorare coepit. 
 
 30. no Way of Escape. 
 
 Dum haec geruntur, Graecorum animSs tantus terror 
 occiipavit ut ne vocem quidem edere possent, sed omni ib 
 spe salutis deposita mortem praesentem exspectarent. 
 At Polyphemus, postquam fames hac tarn horribili cena 
 depulsa est, humi prostratus somno se dedit. Quod cum 
 vidisset Ulixes, tantam occasionem rei bene gerendae 
 non omittendam arbitratus, in e5 erat ut pectus monstri 15 
 gladio transfigeret.* Cum tamen nihil temere agendum 
 existimaret, constituit explorare, antequam hoc faceret, 
 qua ratione ex antro evadere possent. At cum saxum 
 animadvertisset, qu5 Introitus obstructus erat, nihil 
 sibi profuturum intellexit si Polyphemum interfecisset. 20 
 Tanta enim erat eius saxi magnitudo ut ne a decem 
 quidem hominibus amoveri posset. Quae cum ita essent, 
 Ulixes hoc destitit conatu et ad socios rediit ; qui, cum 
 intellexissent quo in loco res essent, nulla spe salutis 
 oblata, de fortunis suis desperare coeperunt. Ille tamen, 25 
 
 1 depulsos: deldtds, p. 18, 7 coxriyviit : pre/iendit. 
 
 1. 17. 8 divolsis : divisis. 
 
 5 T^vsitcaMeniMxa.: cavenduth, 15 in eo erat nt: minimum m 
 
 p. z, 1. 21. d/uii quln, p. 13, 1. i. ▼ 
 
22 VIA LA TINA. 
 
 ne animos demitterent, vehementer hortatus est ; demon- 
 stravit se iam antea e multis et magnis periculis evasisse, 
 neque dubium esse quin in tanto discrimine dii auxilium 
 adlaturi essent. 
 
 31. A Flan for Veneeance. 
 
 S Orta luce Polyphemus iam e somno excitatus idem 
 quod hesterno die fecit ; correptis enim duobus e reliquis 
 viris, carnem eorum sine mora devoravit. Turn, cum 
 saxum atoovisset, ipse cum pecore su5 ex antro pro- 
 gressus est. Quod cum viderent Graeci, magnam in spem 
 
 lo venerunt se post paulum evasuros. Mox tamen ab hac 
 spe repulsl sunt ; nam Polyphemus, postquam omnes 
 oves exierunt, saxum in locum restituit. Reliqui omili 
 spe salutis deposita lamentis lacrimisque se dediderunt : 
 Ulixes ver5 qui, ut supra demonstravimus, vir magni 
 
 15 fuit consili, etsi bene intellegebat rem in discrimine esse, 
 nondum omnino desperabat. Tandem postquam diu toto 
 animo cogitavit, hoc cepit consilium. E lignis quae in 
 antro reposita sunt, palum magnum delegit, quem summa 
 cum diligentia praeacutum fecit ; turn postquam sociis quid 
 
 20 fieri vellet ostendit, reditum PolyphemI exspectabat. 
 
 32. A Glass too Mncli. 
 
 Sub vesperum Polyphemus ad antrum rediit et eodem 
 mods quo antea cenavit. Tum Ulixes utrem vini promp- 
 sit, quem forte, ut in talibus rebus accidere consuevit,' 
 secum attulerat, et postquam magnam crateram vino 
 
 I animos demitterent : ani- 7 sine mora : statim. 
 
 mos d'esponderent. 15 discrimine : periculo. 
 
 ^ 6 hesterno die : hen. 22 fltrem : pellem. 
 
 ^ 22 prompsit : protulit. 
 
ULYSSES. 23 
 
 replevit, gigantem ad bibendum provocavit. Polyphemus, 
 qui numquam antea vinum gustaverat, t5tam crateram 
 statim hausit ; quod cum fecisset, tantam voluptatem per- 
 cepit ut iterum et tertium crateram repleri iusserit. Tum 
 cum quaesivisset quo nomine Ulixes appellaretur, ille s 
 respondit se Neminem appellari. Quod cum audivisset, 
 Polyphemus ita locutus est : " Hanc tibi gratiam pro tanto 
 beneficio referam ; te ultimum omnium -devorabo." His 
 dictis cibo vinoque gravatus recubuit et post breve tem- 
 pus somno oppressus est. Tum UlixeS sociis convocatis, lo 
 " Habemus," inquit, " quam petiimus facultatem ; ne 
 , igitur tantam occasionem rei bene gerendae omittamus." 
 
 33. Noman. 
 
 His dictis ^ostquam extremum palum igni calefecit, 
 oculum Polyphemi dum dormit flagrante ligno transfodit ; 
 quo facto, omnes in diversas speluncae partis se abdide- 15 
 runt. At ille subito illo dolore, quod necesse fuit, e 
 somno excitatus, clamorem terribilem sustulit et dum per 
 speluncam errat, Ulixi manum inicere conabatur ; cum 
 tamen iam omnin5 caecus esset, nullo modo hoc efficere 
 potuit. Interea reliqui Cyclopes clamore audito undique 20 
 ad speluncam convenerunt et ad introitum adstantes quid 
 Polyphemus ageret quaesiverunt et quam ob causam 
 tantum clam5rem sustulisset. Ille respondit se graviter 
 volneratum esse et magno dolore adfici. Cum tamen 
 ceteri quaesivissent quis ei vim intulisset, respondit ille 25 
 Neminem id fecisse. Quibus auditis, iinus e CyclSpibus, 
 
 2 gustaverat: cf. p. 19,1.2. 14 transfodit: transftxit, p. 
 
 3 percepit: p. Si 1. 9- 21, 1. 16. 
 
 8 referam : reddam. ' 21 introitum : p. 21, 1. 19 ; 
 
 II facultatem: occasionem. aditum. 
 
24 VIA LATINA. 
 
 I 
 
 " At si nemo," inquit, " te volneravit, haud dubium est 
 quin consilio deorutn, quibus resistere nee possumus nee 
 volumus, h5c supplicio adficiaris." His dictis abierunt 
 Cyclopes eum in insaniam incidisse arbitrati. 
 
 34. Escape. 
 
 5 At Polyphemus, ubi socios suos abiisse sensit, furore 
 atque amentia impulsus Ulixem iterum quaerere coepit ; 
 tandem cum portam invenisset, saxum quo obstriicta erat 
 amovit,' ut pecus ad agros exiret. Turn ipse in introitii 
 sedit et ut quaeque ovis ad locum venerat tergum eius 
 
 10 manibus traictabat, ne viri inter ovis exire possent. Quod 
 cum animadvertisset Ulixes, h5c iniit consilium ; bene 
 enim intellexit omnem spem salijtis in dolo magis quam 
 in virtiite poni. Primum tres quas vidit pinguissimas ex 
 oyibus delegit. Quibus inter se viminibus conexis, unum 
 
 IS sociorum ventribus earum ita subiecit ut omnino lateret : 
 deinde ovis hominem secum ferentis ad portam egit. Id 
 accidit quod fore suspicatus erat. Polyphemus enim, 
 postquam manus tergis earum imposuit, ovis praeterire 
 passus est. Ulixes, ubi rem ita feliciter evenisse vidit, 
 
 20 omnis su5s socios ex ordine eodem modo emisit ; quo 
 facts, ipse Gltimus evasit. 
 
 35. Ont of Danger. 
 
 His rebus ita confectis, Ulixes cum sociis maxime 
 veritus ne Polyphemus fraudem sentiret, quam celerrime 
 ad litus contendit. Quo cum venissent, ab iis qui navi 
 
 6 amentia impulsus : p. 16,1.14. i5 lateret: celdretur, p. 20, 
 II iniit consilium: cepit con- 1. ig. 
 silium, p. 22, 1. 17. 23 fraudem: dolum, 1. 12. 
 
ULYSSES. 25 
 
 praesidi5 relicti erant, magna cum laetitia accepti sunt. 
 Hi enim, cum animis anxiis iam tres dies reditum eorum 
 in horas exspectavissent, eos in periculum grave incidisse, 
 id quod erat, suspicati, ipsi auxiliandl causa egredi para- 
 bant. Tum Ulixes n5n satis tutum esse arbitratus si in 5 
 eo loco maneret, quam celerrime proficisci constituit. 
 lussit igitur omnis navem conscendere et ancoris sublatis 
 paulum a lltore in altum provectus est. Tum magna 
 voce exclamavit, " Tu, Polypheme, qui iura hospiti 
 spernis, iustam et debitam poenam immanitatis tuae 10 
 solvisti." Hac voce audita Polyphemus ira vehementer 
 commotus ad mare se contulit et ubi intellexit navem 
 paul.um a litore remotam esse saxum ingens manti cor- 
 reptum in eam partem coniecit, unde vocem venire sensit. 
 Graeci autem, etsi minimum afuit quin submergerentur, 15 
 niillo accepts damno cursum tenuerunt. 
 
 36. Tlie Country of tbe Winds. 
 
 Pauca millia passuum ab eo loco progressus Ulixes 
 ad insulam quandam, nomine Aeoliam, navem appulit. 
 Haec patria erat Ventorum. 
 
 " Hie vasto rex Aeolus antro 20 
 
 Luctantes ventos tempestatesque sonoras 
 Imperio premit ac vinclis et carcere frenat." 
 
 Ibi rex ipse Graecos hospiti5 accepit atque iis persuasit 
 ut ad recuperandas viris paucos dies in ea regione 
 commorarentur. Septimo die cum socii e laboribus se 25^ 
 
 I laetitia: gaudio,'p. 12, 1. 11; ^^ luctantes: inter se pugnan- 
 
 opp. dolor e. tes -p 10 \ 12 
 
 10 immanitatis: crudelitaHs. \^ commorarentur: mane- 
 
 15 minimum afuit quin: p. 13, ^^^^^^ j g^ 
 1, I ; prope. 
 
26 VIA LA TINA. 
 
 recepissent, Ulixes, ne anni tempore a navigatione exclu- 
 deretur, sibi sine mora proficiscendum statuit. Turn 
 Aeolus, qui bene sciebat eum maxime cupidum esse patriae 
 videndae, Ulixi iam profecturo magnum dedit saccum e 
 5 corio confectum, in quo ventos omnis praeter unum 
 incluserat. Zephyrum tantum praeterraiserat, quod ilium 
 ventum ad Ithacam navigando idoneum esse sciebat. 
 Ulixes hoc donum libenter accepit et gratiis pro tanto 
 beneficio relatis saccum ad malum ligavit. Tum omnibus 
 10 ad profectionem paratis meridiano fere tempore e portu 
 solvit. 
 
 37. Tbe Wlnd-Bag. 
 
 Novem dies vent5 secundissimo cursum tenuerunt, 
 iamque in conspectum patriae suae venerant, cum Ulixes 
 lassitudine confectus, ipse enim manu sua gubernabat, 
 
 I s ad quietem capiendam recubuit. At socii, qui iamdudum 
 mirabantur quid in illo sacco inclusum esset, cum viderent 
 ducem somno oppressum esse, tantam occasionem non 
 omittendam arbitrati sunt, credebant enim aurum et 
 argentum ibi celarl. Itaque spe lucri adducti saccum 
 
 2o sine mora solverunt : quo facto, venti 
 
 " Velut agmine facto 
 Qua data porta ruunt et terras turbine perflant." 
 
 Extemplo tanta tempestas subito coorta est ut illi cursum 
 tenere non possent, sed in eandem partem unde erant 
 
 2 statuit: constituit, p. 21, 14 lassitudine: p. 10, 1. i. 
 
 1. 17. ig celari: latere, p. 24, 1. 15. 
 
 6 praetermiserat : omlserat, 19 lucri : pecuniae. 
 
 p. 23,1. 12. 21 velut: sicut. 
 
 8 gratiis . . . relatis: gratiis 22 data: aperta. 
 
 dctis, p. 7, 1. 24. 23 extemplo ; statim, p. 8, 1. 3. 
 
crZYSS£S. 27 
 
 profecti referrentur. Ulixes e somno excitatus, quo in 
 loco res esset, statim intellexit. Saccum solutum et 
 Ithacam post tergum relictam vidit. Turn vero maxima 
 indignatione exarsit sociosque obiurgabat, quod cupidi- 
 tate pecuniae adducti spem patriae videndae proiecissent. s 
 
 38. Drawing Lots. 
 
 Brevi intermisso spatio, Graeci insulae cuidam appro- 
 pinquaverunt quam Circe, filia Solis, incolebat. Ibi cum 
 navem appulisset, Ulixes in terram frumentandi causa 
 egrediendum esse statuit ; cognoverat enim frumentum 
 quod in navi haberent iam deficere. Sociis igitur ad se lo 
 convocatis, quo in loco res esset et quid fieri vellet 
 ostendit. Cum tamen omnes in memoria tenerent quam 
 crudeli morte occubuissent ii qui nuper in patriam Cyclo- 
 pum egressi essent, nemo repertus est qui hoc negStium 
 suscipere vellet. Quae cum ita essent, res ad controver- 15 
 siam deducta est. Tandem Ulixes consensu omnium 
 socios in duas partis divisit, quarum alteri Eurylochus, 
 vir summae virtiitis, alteri ipse praeesset. Tum hi duo 
 inter se sortiti sunt, uter in terram egrederetur. Hoc 
 facto, Eurylocho sorte evenit ut cum duobus et viginti zo 
 sociis rem susciperet. 
 
 39. Tlie House of tlie Encliaiitress. 
 
 His rebus ita constitiitis, ii qui sorte ducti erant in 
 interiorem partem insulae profecti sunt. Tantus tamen 
 timor animos eorum occupaverat ut nihil dubitarent quin 
 
 4 obiurgabat : culpdbat. 18 praeesset : dux esset. 
 
 10 deflcere: p. 5,1. \^,deesse. 20 evenit: accidit. 
 
 13 occubuissent : mortui es- 24 occupaverat : corripuerat, 
 
 sent. p. 21, 1. 7. 
 
28 VIA LATINA. 
 
 vaqxXX obviam irent. Vix quidem poterant ii qui in navi 
 relicti erant lacrimas tenere, credebant enim se socios 
 su5s numquam iterum visuros. Illi autem aliquantum 
 itineris progress! ad villain quandam pervenerunt, summa 
 S magnificentia aedificatam ; cuius ad ostium cum adiissent, 
 carmen dulcissimum audiverunt. Tanta autem fuit eius 
 vocis dulcedo ut nullo modo retineri possent quin ianuam 
 pulsarent. Hoc facto, ipsa Circe foras exiit et summa 
 cum benignitate omnis in hospitium invitavit. Eurylochus 
 
 lo insidias comparari suspicatus foris exspectare constituit, 
 at reliqui rei novitate adducti intraverunt. Convivium 
 magnificum invenerunt omnibus rebus instructum et iussu 
 dominae libentissime accubuerunt. At Circe vinum quod 
 servi apposuerunt medicaments quodam miscuerat, quod 
 
 15 cum illi bibissent, gravi sopore subito oppressi sunt. 
 
 40. Men chansred to Figs. 
 
 Tum Circe, quae artis magicae summam scientiam 
 habebat, bacul5 aureo quod gerebat capita eorum tetigit ; 
 quo facto omnes in porcos subito conversi sunt. Interea 
 Eurylochus ignarus quid in aedibus ageretur ad 5stium 
 
 20 sedebat ; postquam tamen ad solis occasum anxio animo 
 et sollicit5 exspectaverat, solus ad navem regredi consti- 
 tuit. E6 cum venisset, anxietate ac timore ita perturba- 
 tus fuit ut quae vidisset vix lucide narrare posset. At 
 Ulixes satis intellexit socios suos in periculo versari et 
 
 25 gladio correpto Eurylocho imperavit ut sine mora viam 
 ad istam domum monstraret. Ille tamen multis cum 
 
 5 ostium: introitum, -p. 21, 12 lasitactum. : pardtum. 
 
 1. 19- 15 sopore: somnd. 
 
 7 ianuam : portam. 21 regredi : redire, p. 2, 1. 9. 
 
 8 foras : i dovio. 24 versari : esse. 
 
ULYSSES. ,29 
 
 lacrimis Ulixem complexus obsecrare coepit, ne in tantum 
 periculum se committeret : Si quid gravius ei accidisset, 
 omnium salutem in summo discrimine futuram. Ulixes 
 autem respondit se neminem invitum secum adducturum ; 
 ei licere, si mallet, in navi manere; se ipsum sine tillo s 
 auxilio rem suscepturum. Hoc cum magna voce dixisset, 
 e navi desiluit et niillo sequente solus in viam se dedit. 
 
 41. Tbe Connter Charm. 
 
 Aliquantum itineris progressus ad villam magnificam 
 pervenit, quam cum ociilis perlustrasset, statim intrare 
 statuit, intellexit enim hanc esse eandem de qua Eury- i6 
 lochus mentionem fecisset. At cum in eo esset ut limen 
 transiret, subito obviam ei stetit adulescens forma pul- 
 cherrima, aureum baculum manu gerens. Hie Ulixem 
 iam domum intrantem manii corripuit et "Quo ruis.'"' 
 inquit, " Nonne scis hanc esse Circes domum? Hie 'S 
 inclusi sunt amici tui ex humana specie in porcos con- 
 versi. Num vis ipse in eandem calamitatem venire ? " 
 Ulixes simul ac vocem audivit deum Mercurium agnovit, . 
 nullis tamen precibus ab institiito consilio deterreri potuit. 
 Quod cum Mercurius sensisset, herbam quandam ei dedit, 20 
 quam contra carmina maxime valere dicebat. " Hanc 
 cape, " inquit, " et ubi Circe te baculo tetigerit, tu stricto 
 gladio impetum in earn vide ut facias." His dictis 
 
 Mercurius 
 
 " Mortales visus medio sermone reliquit, 25 
 
 Et procul in tenuem ex oculis evanuit auram." 
 
 1 Obsecrare: drare. „ j^^ ^ g^^^^ ^^ : p. 21, 1. 15. 
 
 2 gravius: tristius. ^^ ge^ns : ferens. 
 
 7 in viam se dedit: profec- ^g specie : /^r<r. 
 
 *"' "'• 23 vide : cUra. 
 
 8 aliquantum itineris: p. 28, 26 procul: &«^^. 
 
 1-3- 
 
30 VIA LATINA. 
 
 42. The Endiantress Foiled. 
 Brevi intermisso spatio, Ulixes ad omnia perlcula sub- 
 eunda paratus ostium pulsavit et foribus patefactis ab ipsa 
 Circe benigne exceptus est. Omnia eodem modo atque 
 antea facta sunt. Cenam magnifice instructam vidit- et 
 5 accumbere iussus est. Mox, ubi fames cibo depulsa est, 
 Circe poculum aureum vino repletum Ulixi dedit. Ille, 
 etsi suspicatus est venenum sibi paratum esse, poculum 
 exhausit. Quo facto, Circe postquam caput eius bacul5 
 tetigit, ea verba locuta est quibus socios eius antea in 
 
 •o porc5s converterat. Res tamen omnino aliter evenit 
 atque ilia speraverat. Tanta enim vis erat eius herbae 
 quam dederat Mercurius ut neque venenum neque verba 
 quidquam efficere possent. Ulixes autem, sicut iusserat 
 Mercurius, gladio stricto impetum in earn fecit et mortem 
 
 '5 minitabatur. Turn Circe, cum sensisset artem suam nihil 
 valere, multis cum lacrimis eum obsecrare coepit, ne 
 vitam adimeret. 
 
 43. Fie:s changed to Men. 
 
 Ulixes autem, ubi sen sit eam timore perterritam esse, 
 postulavit ut soci5s sine mora in humanam speciem redii- 
 
 20 ceret, certior enim factus erat a deo Mercuric eos in 
 porcos converses esse : nisi id factum esset, ostendit se 
 debitas poenas siimpturum. At Circe his rebus graviter 
 commota ad pedes eius se proiecit et multis cum lacrimis 
 iure iurando confirmavit se quae ille imperasset omnia 
 
 25 facturam. Tum porcos in atrium immitti iussit. Illi dato 
 
 1 spatio : tempore. 17 adimeret : privaret. 
 
 a ostium : idnuam, p. 28, 1. 7. 23 commota : perterrita. 
 
 3 atque: »;, as. 24 iiire iurando confirmavit: 
 
 7 venenum : p. 16, 1. 5. iuravit. 
 
VL YSSES. ' 31 
 
 signo inruerunt et cum ducem suum agnovissent, magn5 
 dolore adfecti sunt, quod nullo modo potuerunt eum de 
 rebus suis certiorem facere. Circe tameti unguento 
 quodam corpora eorum unxit ; quo facto omnes post breve 
 tempus in speciem humanam redditi sunt. Magn5 cum s 
 gaudio Ulixes amicos agnovit et nuntium ad litus misit, 
 qui reliquis Graecis socios receptos esse diceret. lUi 
 autem his rebus cognitis statim ad domum Circaeam se 
 contulerunt ; qu5 cum venissent, omnes universi laetitiae 
 se dediderunt, lo 
 
 44. Afloat Again. 
 
 Postridie eius diei Ulixes in animo habebat ex insula 
 quam pelerrime discedere. Circe tamen, cum haec cog- 
 novisset, ex odi5 ad am5rem conversa omnibus precibus 
 eum orare et obtestari coepit ut paucos dies apud se 
 moraretur et h5c tandem jmpetrato tanta beneficia in 15 
 eum contulit ut facile ei persuasum sit ut diutius maneret. 
 Postquam tamen totum annum api^d Circen consump- 
 serat, Ulixes magno desiderid patriae suae videndae motus 
 est. Sociis igitur ad se convocatis, quid in animo haberet 
 ostendit. Ubi tamen ad litus descendit, navem suam 20 
 tempestatibus ita adflictam invenit ut ad navigandum 
 paene iniitilis esset. Hac re cognita, omnia quae ad 
 navis reficiendas iisui sunt comparari iussit ; qua in re 
 tantam diligentiam omnes praebebant ut ante tertium 
 diem opus confecerint. At Circe, ubi vidit omnia ad 25 
 profectionem parata esse, rem aegre ferebat et Ulixem 
 vehementer obsecrabat ut eo consilio desisteret. Ille 
 
 2 AoVaw a-SitecXl swai: dolSrem 16 contulit: dedit. 
 perceperunt, p. 5, 1. 9. 23 Asui : p. 3, 1. 21. 
 
 3 rebus suis : calamitdte. a6 aegre ferebat : p. 8, 1. 19. 
 
32 VIA LA TINA. 
 
 tamen, ne anni tempore a navigatione excluderetur, matu- 
 randum sibi existimavit at tempestatem idoneam nactus 
 navem solvit. Multa quidem pericula Ulixi subeunda 
 erant antequam in patriam suam perveniret, quae tamen 
 S in hoc loco longum est perscribere. 
 
THE SEVEN KINGS OF ROME. 
 I. Romanl Imperl Exordlnm. 
 
 Proca, rex Albanorum, Numitorem et Amuliura filios 
 habuit. Numitori, qui natu maior erat, regnum reliquit ; 
 sed Amtilius pulso fratre regnavit et, ut eum subole priva- 
 ret, Rheam Silviam, eius filiam, Vestae sacerdotem fecit, 
 quae tamen R5mulum et Remuiji geminos edidit. Ea re 5 
 cognita Amulius ipsam in vincula coniecit, parvulos alveo 
 impositos abiecit in Tiberim, qui tunc forte super ripas 
 erat effusus ; sed relabente flumine eos aqua in sicco reli- 
 quit. Vastae turn in eis locis s5litudines erant. Lupa, 
 ut fama traditum est, ad vagitum accurrit, infantis lingua 10 
 lambit, ubera eorum ori admovit matremque se gessit. 
 
 Cum lupa saepius ad parvulos veluti ad catulos rever- 
 teretur, Faustulus, pastor regius, re animadversa eos tulit 
 in casam et Accae Larentiae coniugi dedit educandos. 
 Adulti deinde hi inter pastores primo ludicris certamini- 15 
 bus vires auxere, deinde .venando saltfls peragrare et 
 latrones a rapina pecorum arcere coeperunt. Qua re 
 cum eis insidiati essent latrones, Remus captus est, 
 Romulus vi se defendit. Turn Faustulus necessitate 
 compulsus indicavit Romulo quis esset eorum avus, quae 20 
 mater. Romulus statim armatis pastoribus Albam pro- 
 peravit. 
 
 Interea Remum latrones ad Amiilium regem perduxe- 
 runt, eum accusantes quasi Numitoris agr5s infestare 
 
 3 subole : prdgenie. 17 arcere : prohiKre. 
 
 5 edidit : peperit. 21 statim : sine mord. 
 
 8 relabente: refluente. 24 infestare: vixdre. 
 
34 VIA LA TINA. 
 
 solitus esset ; itaque Remus a rege Nutnitori ad suppli- 
 cium traditus est ; at cum Numitor, adulescentis voltum 
 considerans, aetatem minimeque servilem indolem com- 
 pararet, haud procul erat quin nepotem agnosceret. Nam 
 5 Remus oris lineamentis erat matri simillimus aetasque 
 expositionis temporibus congruebat. Ea res dum Numi- 
 toris animum anxium tenet, repente Romulus supervenit, 
 fratrem liberat, interempto Amtilio avum Numitorem in 
 regnum restituit. 
 
 lo Deinde Romulus et Aemus urbem, in eisdem locis ubi 
 expositi ubique educati erant, condiderunt ; sed orta inter 
 eos contentione uter nomen novae urbi daret eamque 
 imperio regeret, auspicia decreverunt adhibere. Remus 
 prior sex voltures, Romulus postea duodecim vidit. Sic 
 
 15 Romulus, victor augurio, urbem Romam vocavit. Ad 
 novae urbis tutelam sufficere vallum videbatur. Ciiius 
 angustias inridens cum Remus saltu id traiecisset, eum 
 iratus Romulus interfecit his increpans verbis : " Sic 
 deinde, quicumque alius transiliet moenia mea." Ita 
 
 20 solus potitus est imperio Romulus. 
 
 • 
 2. Komidns, Romanomm Rez Fiimns. 
 
 753-715 (?) BC. 
 
 Romulus imaginem urbis magis quam urbem fecerat ; 
 
 incolae deerant. Erat in proximS lOcus ; hunc asylum 
 
 fecit. Et statim eo mira vis latronum pastorumque con- 
 
 fiigit. Cum vero ux5res ipse populusque non haberent, 
 
 25 legates circa vicinas gentis misit, qui societatem conu- 
 
 3 indolem : naturam. 13 adhibere : iltT. 
 
 4 haud : non. 16 tutelam : praesidium. 
 6 congruebat : conveniebat. 22 in proximo : prope. 
 
 8 interempto : interfecto. 23 vis : Humerus. 
 
THE SEVEN KINGS OF ROME. 35 
 
 • 
 
 biumque novo populO peterent. Nusquam benigne audita 
 legatio est ; ludibrium etiam additum : " Cur n5n feminis 
 quoque asylum aperuistis ? Id enim compar foret conu- 
 biuih.'' Romulus aegritudinem animi dissimulans lud5s 
 parat ; indici deinde finitimis spectaculum iubet. Multi 5 
 convenere studio etiam videndae novae urbis, maxime 
 Sabini cum liberis et coniugibus. Ubi spectaculi tempus 
 venit eoque conversae mentes cum oculis erant, turn signo 
 dato iuvenes R5mani discurrunt, virgines rapiunt. 
 
 Haec fuit statim causa belli. Sabini enim ob virgines 10 
 raptas bellum adversus Romanos sflmpserunt et, cum 
 Romae appropinquarent, Tarpeiam virginem nacti sunt, 
 quae aquam forte extra moenia petitum ierat. Huius 
 pater Romanae praeerat arci. Titus Tatius, Sabinorum 
 dux, Tarpeiae optionem muneris dedit, si exercitum suum 1 5 
 in Capitolium perduxisset. Ilia petiit quod Sabini in 
 sinistris manibus gererent, videlicet et anulos et armillas. 
 Quibus dolose promissis Tarpeia Sabin5s in arcem per- 
 diJxit, ubi Tatius scutis eam obrui iussit ; nam et ea in 
 laevis habuerant. Sic impia proditio celeri poena vindi- 20 
 cata est. 
 
 Deinde Romulus ad certamen processit et in eo 
 loco ubi nunc Romanum Forum est, piignam conseruit. 
 Prim5 impetu vir inter Romanos insignis, nomine Hos- 
 tilius, fortissime dimidans cecidit ; cuius interitu conster- 25 
 nati Rom^ni fugere coeperunt. lam Sabini clamitabant : 
 " Vicimus perfidos hospites, imbellis hostis. Nunc sciunt 
 . longe aliud esse virgines rapere, aliud piignare cum viris." 
 Tunc Romulus arma ad caelum toUens lovi aedem vovit, 
 
 II sumpserunt: susceperunt. 17 videlicet: id est. 
 
 15 muneris: dont. 23 conseruit: commisit. 
 
 17 sinistris: laevis. 25 interitii: morte. 
 
36 VIA LATINA. 
 
 et exercitus seu forte seu divinitus restitit. Itaque proe- 
 lium redintegratur ; sed raptae mulieres crinibus passis 
 ausae sunt se inter tela volantia inferre et hinc patres 
 hinc viros orantes, pacem conciliarunt. 
 5 Romulus foedere cum Tatio icto et Sabinos in urbem 
 recepit et regnum cum Tati5 sociavit. Verum non ita 
 multo post occiso Tatio ad Romulum potentatus omnis 
 recidit. Centum deinde ex senioribus elegit, qu5rum 
 consilio omnia ageret, quos senatores nominavit propter 
 
 10 senectutem. Tres equitum centurias constituit, populum 
 in triginta curias distribuit. His ita ordinatis cum ad 
 exercitum lustrandum contionem in campo ad Caprae 
 paludem haberet, subito coorta est tempestas cum magnS 
 fragore tonitribusque et R5mulus e conspectu ablatus est. 
 
 15 Ad deos transisse volgo creditus est ; cui rei fidem fecit 
 lulius Proculus, vir nobilis. Orta enim inter patres et 
 plebem seditione, in contionem processit iure iurando ad- 
 firmans visum a se Romulum augustiSre forma, eun- 
 demque praecipere ut seditionibus abstinerent et rem 
 
 20 militarem colerent ; futurum ut omnium gentium domi- 
 ni exsisterent. Aedes in colle Quirinali Romulo consti- 
 tuta, ipse pro deo cultus et Quirinus est appellatus. 
 
 3. llama Fomplllns, Romanonun Rex Secimdns. 
 
 715-673 (?) B.C. 
 
 Successit Romulo Numa Pompilius, vir incluta iustitia 
 et religione. Is Curibus, ex oppido Sablnorum, accitus 
 25 est. Qui cum Romam venisset, ut populum ferum re- 
 ligione mitigaret, sacra plurima instituit. Aram Vestae 
 
 1 seu . . . seu : vel . . . vel. 23 incluta : clarS. 
 
 8 recidit : ridiit. 24 accitus est : arcessitus est. 
 
.THE SEVEN KINGS OF ROME. 37 
 
 consecravit et ignem in ara perpetuo alendum virginibus 
 dedit. Flaminem lovis sacerdotem creavit eumque in- 
 signi veste et curuli sella adornavit. Dicitur quondam 
 ipsum lovem e caelo elicuisse. Hie ingentibus fulminibus 
 in urbem demissis descendit in nemus Aventlnum, ubi s 
 Numam docuit quibus sacris fulmina essent procuranda 
 et praeterea imperi certa pignora popul5 Romano datu- 
 rum se esse promisit. Numa laetus rem populo nuntiavit. 
 Postridie omnes ad aedis regias convenerunt silentesque 
 exspectabant quid futurum esset. Atque sole orto dela- lo 
 bitur e caelo scisso scutum, quod ancile appellavit Numa. 
 Id ne furto auferri posset, Mamurium fabrum undecim 
 scuta eadem forma fabricare iussit. Duodecim autem 
 Salios Martis sacerdotes legit, qui ancilia, secreta ilia im- 
 peri pignora, custodirent et Kalendis Martiis per urbem 15 
 canentes et rite saltantes ferrent. 
 
 Annum in duodecim mensis ad cursum liinae descrip- 
 sit ; nefastos fastosque dies fecit ; portas lano gemino 
 aedificavit, ut esset index pacis et belli ; nam apertus, 
 in armis esse civitatem, clausus, pacatos circa omnis 20 
 populos, significabat. 
 
 Leges quoque pliirimas et iitiles tulit Numa. Ut vero 
 maiorem institutis suis auctoritatem conciliaret, simulavit 
 sibi cum dea Egeria esse conloquia nocturna, eiusque 
 monitii se omnia quae ageret facere. Lucus erat, quem 25 
 medium fons perenni rigabat aqua ; eo saepe Numa sine 
 arbitris se inferebat, velut ad congressum deae : ita om- 
 nium animos ea pietate imbuit ut fides ac ius iurandum 
 non minus quam legum et poenarum metus civis con- 
 tineret. Bellum quidem nullum gessit, sed non minus 3° 
 
 4 elicuisse: ediixisse. 17 descripsit: divisit. 
 
 6 procuranda : Svertenda. 27 arbitris : testibiis. 
 
 II scisso: diviso. 27 velut: veiuti, p. 23i ^- 12. 
 
38 VIA LA TINA. 
 
 civitati profuit quam R5mulus. Morbo exstinctus in 
 laniculo monte sepultus est. Ita duo deinceps reges, ille 
 bello, hie paee, civitatem auxerunt. Romulus septem et 
 triginta regnavit annos, Numa tres et quadraginta. 
 
 4. Tnllos HostlUns, Romanomm Rex Tertlas. 
 
 673-641 (?) B.C. 
 
 5 Mortuo Numa Tullus Hostilius rex creatus est. Hie 
 non solum proximo regi dissimilis, sed ferocior etiam 
 Romulo fuit. Eo regnante bellum inter Albanos et 
 R6man5s exortum est. Ducibus Hostilio et Fufetio 
 placuit rem paucorum certamine finiri. Erant apud 
 
 10 Romanes trigemini fratres Horatii, tres apud Albanos 
 Curiatii. Cum eis agunt reges ut pro sua quisque patria 
 dimicent ferro. Foedus ictum est ea lege, ut unde vic- 
 toria ibi imperium esset. 
 
 Icto foedere trigemini arma capiunt et in medium 
 
 15 inter duas acies procedunt. Consederant utrimque duo 
 exercitiis. Datur signum infestisque armis terni iuvenes, 
 magnorum exercituum animos gerentes, concurrunt. Ut 
 primo concursii increpuere arma micantesque fulsere 
 gladii, horror ingens spectanti^ perstringit. Consertis 
 
 20 deinde manibus statim duo Romani alius super alium 
 exspirantes ceciderunt ; tres Albani volnerati. Ad ca- 
 sum Romanorum conclamavit gaudio exercitus Albanus. 
 Romanes iam spes tota deserebat. Unum Horatium 
 tres Curiatii circumsteterant. Forte is integer fuit ; sed 
 
 I exstinctus: mortuus. 17 gerentes: habentis. 
 
 6 ferocior : bellicosior. 17 ut : cum. 
 
 g certamine : pilgnd. 18 increpuere : resonSverunt. 
 
 12 \e%e: conditidne. ig -pezstnngit : corripit. 
 
 16 infestis : inimicis. 24 integer : involnerdtus. 
 
THE SEVEN KINGS OF ROME. 39 
 
 quia tribus impar erat, ut distraheret hostis, fugam capes- 
 sivit, singuloS per intervalla secuturos esse ratus. lam 
 aliquantum spati ex e5 loco ubi pugnatum est aufugerat, 
 cum respiciens videt unum e Curiatiis haud procul ab 
 sese abesse. In eum magno impetu redit et, dum Alba- s 
 nus exercitus inclamat Curiatiis ut opera ferant fratri, 
 iara Horatius eum occiderat. Alterum deinde, priusquam 
 tertius posset consequi, interfecit. 
 
 lam singuli supererant, sed nee spe nee viribus pares. 
 Alter erat intactus ferro et geminata victoria ferox ; lo 
 alter fessum volnere fessum cursu trahebat corpus. Nee 
 illud proelium fuit. Romanus exsultans male sustinen- 
 tem arma Ctiriatium conficit, iacentem spoliat. Romani 
 ovantes ac gratulantes Horatium accipiunt et domum 
 deducunt. Princeps ibat Horatius trium fratrum spolia 15 
 prae se gerens. Cui obvia fuit soror, quae desponsa 
 fuerat uni ex Curiatiis, visoque super umeros fratris palu- 
 damento sponsi, quod ipsa confecerat, flere et crinis sol- 
 vere coepit. Movet ferocis iuvenis animum comploratio 
 sororis in tanto gaudio piiblico ; itaque stricto gladio 20 
 transfigit puellam, simul earn verbis increpans : " Abi 
 hinc cum immaturo amore ad sponsum, oblita fratrum, 
 oblita patriae. Sic eat quaecumque Roman a lugebit 
 hostem." 
 
 Atrox id visum est facinus patribus plebique ; qua re 25 
 raptus est in ius Horatius, et apud iudices condemnatus. 
 lam accesserat lictor iniciebatque laqueum. Tum Hora- 
 tius ad populum provocavit. Interea patei Horati senex 
 proclamabat filiam suam iure caesam esse ; et iuvenem 
 
 2 ratus : existivians. ig comploratio : luctus. 
 
 12 male : vix. 21 increpans : culpans. 
 
 13 conficit : interficit. 26 ifls : indicium. 
 
40 VIA LA TINA. 
 
 amplexus spoliaque Curiatiorum ostentans orabat popu- 
 lum ne se, quern paulo ante cum egregia stirpe conspexis- 
 sent, orbum liberis faceret. Non tulit populus patris 
 lacrimas iuvenemque absolvit admiratione magis virtutis 
 5 quam iure causae. Ut tamen caedes manifesta expiaretur, 
 pater quibusdam sacrificiis peractis transmisit per viam 
 tigillum et filium capite adoperto velut sub iugum misit ; 
 quod tigillum sororium appellatum est. 
 
 Non diu pax Albana mansit ; nam Mettius Fufetius, 
 
 10 dux Albanorum, cum se invidiosum apud civis videret, 
 quod bellum uno paucorum certamine finisset, ut rem 
 corrigeret, Veientes Fidenatesque adversus Romanos 
 concitavit. Ipse a TuUo in auxilium arcessitus aciem 
 in collem subduxit, ut fortunam belli exspectaret et 
 
 15 sequeretur. Qua re Tullus intellecta magna v5ce ait 
 suo illud iussu Mettium facere, ut hostes a tergo cir- 
 cumvenirentur. Qu5 audito hostes territi et victi sunt. 
 Posters die Mettius cum ad gratulandum Tullo venisset, 
 iussu illius quadrigis religatus et in diversa distractus 
 
 20 est. Deinde Tullus Albam propter duels perfidiam diruit 
 et Albanos Romam transire iussit. 
 
 R5ma interim crevit Albae ruinis ; duplicatus est 
 civium numerus ; mons Caelius urbi additus et, quo 
 frequentius habitaretur, eam sedem Tullus regiae cepit 
 
 25 ibique deinde habitavit. Auctarum virium fiducia elatus 
 bellum Sabinis indixit : pestilentia insecuta est ; nulla 
 tamen ab armis quies dabatur. Credebat enim rex belli- 
 cosus salubriora militiae quam domi esse iuvenum cor- 
 
 2 stirpe : progenie. 10 invidiosum : imnsum- 
 
 6 peractis : perfectis. 20 diruit : delivit. 
 
 7 adoperto : tictd. 25 fiducia : fide. 
 
 9 mansit : diirdvit. 38 saliibriora : vatididra. 
 
THE SEVEN KINGS OF ROME. 41 
 
 pora, sed ipse quoque diuturno morbo est implicatus. 
 Tunc vero adeo fracti simul cum corpore sunt spiritus 
 illi feroces ut nulll rei .posthac nisi sacris operam daret. 
 Memorant Tullum fulmine ictum cum domo conflagrasse. 
 TuUus magna gloria belli regnavit annos duos et triginta. 
 
 5. Ancns Marclas, Romanornm Rex Qaartns. 
 
 641-616 (?) B.C. 
 
 TuUo mortu5 Ancum Marcium regem populus creavit. 
 Numae Pompili nepos Ancus Marcius erat, aequitate et 
 religione avo similis.. Tunc LatinT, cum quibus Tullo 
 regnante ictum foedus erat, sustulerant animos et incur- 
 sionem in agrum Romanum fecerunt. Ancus, priusquam 10 
 eis bellum indiceret, legatum misit, qui res repeteret, 
 eumque morem poster! acceperunt. Id autem hoc modo 
 fiebat. Legatus, ubi ad iinis eorum venit a quibus 
 res repetuntur, capite velato, "Audi, luppiter," inquit, 
 "audite, fines hiiius populi. Ego sum publicus niintius 15 
 populi Romani : verbis meis fides sit." Deinde peragit 
 postulata. Si non deduntur res quas exposcit, hastam 
 in finis hostium emittit bellumque ita indicit. Legatus 
 qui ea de re mittitur fetialis, ritusque belli indicendi ius 
 fetiale appellatur. 20 
 
 Legato ; Romano res repetenti superbe respohsum est 
 a Latinis : qua re bellum hoc modo eis indictijm est. 
 Ancus exercitu c5nscripto profectus Latinos fudit et 
 compluribus oppid^s deletis civis Romam traduxit. Cum 
 
 I implicatus: adjlldus. 16 peragit: cxplicat. 
 
 4 memorant : narrant. i-j exposcit : postulat. 
 
 g sustulerant : crexerant. 23 fudit : fugavit. 
 
 14 velato: a«^c/«/«, p. 4o> 1-7 • 24 deletis : </;>•«&. 
 
42 VIA LATINA. 
 
 autem in tanta hominum multitudine facinora clandes- 
 tina fierent, Ancus carcerem in media urbe ad terrorem 
 increscentis audaciae aedificavit. Idem nova moenia 
 urbl circumdedit, laniculum montem ponte sublicio in 
 5 Tiberi facto urbi coniunxit, in ore Tiberis Ostiam urbem 
 condidit. Pluribus aliis rebus intra paucos annos con- 
 fectis immatura morte praereptus obiit. 
 
 b. Laclas Tartnlnlns Fiiscns, Ramanomm Rex Qnlatns. 
 
 615-578 (?) B.C. 
 
 Anco regnante Lucius Tarquinius, Tarquiniis ex Etru- 
 riae urbe profectus, cum coniuge et fortunis omnibus 
 
 10 Romam commigravit. Additur haec fabula: advenienti 
 aquila pilleum sustulit et super carpentum, cui Tarquinius 
 insidebat, cum magno clangore volitans rursus capiti apte 
 reposuit ; inde sublimis abiit. Tanaquil coniunx, caeles- 
 tium prodigiorum perita, regnum ei portendi intellexit ; 
 
 15 itaque, virum complexa, excelsa et alta sperare eum iussit. 
 Has spes cogitationesque secum portantes urbem ingresSi 
 sunt, domicilioque ibi comparato Tarquinius pecunia et 
 industria dignitatem atque etiam Anci regis familiarita- 
 tem consecutus est ; a quo tfltor liberis relictus regnum 
 
 20 intercepit et ita administravit, quasi iure adeptus esset. 
 
 Tarquinius Priscus Latinos bello domuit ; Circum 
 
 Maximum aedificavit ; de Sabinis triumphavit ; murum 
 
 lapideum urbi circumdedit. Equitum centurias duplica- 
 
 vit, nomina miitare non potuit, deterritus, ut ferunt, Atti 
 
 25 Navi auctoritate. Attus enim, ea tempestate augur 
 
 7 immatura : praemdtiird. 20 intercepit : usurpdvit. 
 
 15 virum: coniugem. 20 adeptus: consecutus, \. 19. 
 
 15 excelsa: egregia,f.^o,\.2. 25 tempestate: tempore. 
 
THE SEVEN KINGS OF ROME. 43 
 
 inclutus, id fieri posse negabat,nisi aves addixissent ; iratus 
 rex in experimentum artis eum interrogavit fierine posset 
 quod ipse mente concepisset; Attus augurio acto fieri 
 posse respondit. "Atqui hoc," inquit rex, "agitabam, 
 num cotem illam secare novacula possem." " Potes 5 
 ergo," inquit augur, et rex secuisse dicitur. Tarquinius 
 f ilium tredecim annorum, quod in proelio hostem percus- 
 sisset, praetexta bullaque donavit ; unde haec ingenuorum 
 puerorum insignia esse coeperunt. 
 
 Supererant duo Anci filii, qui aegre ferentes se paterno 10 
 regno fraudatos esse regi insidias paraverunt. Ex pas- 
 toribus duos ferocissimos deligunt ad patrandum facinus. 
 Ei simulata rixa in vestibulo regiae tumultuantur. Quo- 
 rum clamor cum penitus in regiam pervenisset, vocati 
 ad regem pergunt. Primo uterque vociferari coepit et 15 
 certatim alter alteri obstrepere. Cum vero iussi essent 
 invicem dicere, unus ex compositS rem orditur ; dumque 
 intentus in eum se rex totus avertit, alter elatam secflrim 
 in eius caput deiedit, et relicto in volnere telo ambo foras 
 se proripiunt. 20 
 
 \ 
 
 1. Servlns Tnlllag, Romanonun Rez Sextos. 
 
 578-534 (?) B.C. 
 
 Post hunc Servius TuUius suscepit imperium genitus 
 ex nobili femina, captiva tamen et famula. Qui cum in 
 domo Tarquini Prisci educaretur, ferunt prodigium visu 
 eventflque mirabile accidisse. Flammae species pueri 
 dormientis caput amplexa est. Hoc visii Tanaquil sum- 25 
 
 I inclutus : p. 36, 1. 23. 7 percussisset : interficisstt. 
 
 I addixissent : secundaefuis- 22 famula : servd. 
 
 23 ferunt: dicunt. 
 
4+ VIA LA TIN A. 
 
 mam ei dignitatem portend! intellexit coniugique suasit 
 ut eum baud secus ac suos llberos educaret. Is post- 
 quam adolevit, et fortitudine et consilio insignis fuit. In 
 proelio quodam, in quo rex Tarquinius adversus Sabinos 
 
 5 conflixit, militibus segnius dimicantibus, raptum signum 
 in hostem misit. COius recipiendi gratia Roman! tam 
 acriter pugnaverunt ut et signum et victoriam referrent. 
 Qua re a Tarquinio gener adsumptus est ; et cum Tar- 
 quinius occisus esset, Tanaquil, Tarquini uxor, mortem 
 
 10 eius celavit populumque ex- superiore parte aedium ad- 
 locuta, ait regem grave quidem, sed non letale volnus 
 accepisse eumque petere ut interim, dum convalesceret, 
 Servio Tullio dicto audientes essent. Sic Servius Tullius 
 regnare coepit, sed recte imperium administravit. Sabi- 
 
 15 nossubegit; mentis tres, Quirinalem, Viminalem, Esquili- 
 num urbi adiunxit ; fossas circa murum duxit. Idem 
 censum ordinavit et populum in classis et centurias dis- 
 tribuit. 
 
 Servius Tullius aliquod urbi decus addere volebat. 
 
 20 lam turn inclutum erat Dianae Ephesiae fanum. Id com- 
 miiniter a civitatibus Asiae factum fama ferebat. Itaque 
 Latinorum populis suasit ut et ipsi fanum Dianae cum 
 populo Romano Romae in Aventin5 monte aedificarent. 
 Quo facto bos mirae magnitudinis cuidam Latino nata 
 
 25 dicitur et responsum somnio datum, eum populum sum- 
 mam imperi habiturum cuius civis bovem illam Dianae 
 immolasset. Latinus bovem ad fanum Dianae egit et 
 causam sacerdoti Romano exposuit. I He callidus dixit 
 
 2 secus: aliter. ii letale: mortiferum. 
 
 2 ac : quam. ig decus : orndmentum. 
 
 5 segnius : Igndvius. 25 responsum : ordcubim. 
 
 10 aedium : domiis. 27 immolasset : sacrificdsset. 
 
THE SEVEN KINGS OF ROME. 45 
 
 prius eum'vivo flumine manus abluere debere. Latinus 
 dum ad Tiberim descendit, sacerdos bovem immolavit. ^ 
 Ita imperium civibus sibique gloriam adquisivit. ' 
 
 Servius Tullius filiam alteram ferocem, mitetn alterarri 
 habens, cum Tarquini f ilios pari esse animo videret, fero- 5 
 cam miti, mitem feroci in matrimonium dedit,' rie duo 
 violenta ingenia matrimonio iungerentur. Sed mites seu 
 forte seu fraude perierunt ; ferocis morum similitiido 
 coniiinxit. Statim Tarquinius a Tullia incitatus advocato 
 senatfl regnum paternum repetere coepit. Qua re audita 10 
 Servius dum ad ciiri'am contendit, iussii Tarquini per 
 gfadiis delectus et ' domum refugiens interfectus est. 
 Tullia carpento vecta in Forum piroperavit et coniugetn e 
 ciiria evocatum prima regem saliitaivit; ciiius iiissii cum 
 e turba ac tumultu decessisset domumque irediret, viso 15 
 patris corpore mulionem cunctantem et frena inhibentem 
 super ipsum corpus carpentum agere iussit. Unde vicus 
 ille sceleratus dictus est. Servius Tullius regnavit ahnos 
 quattuor et quadraginta. 
 
 8. Taranlnlns Snperbns, Romanorniii Rex Septimus etUltimns. 
 
 534-510 (?) B.C. 
 
 Tarquinius Superbus regnum sceleste occiipavit. Ta- 20 
 men bello strenuus Latinos Sabinosque domuit. Urbem 
 Gabios in potestatem redegit fraude Sexti fili. Is cum 
 indigne ferret eam urbem a patre expiignari non posse, 
 ad Gabinos se contulit, patris saevitiam in se conquerens. 
 
 3 adquisivit : consecutus est, 16 inliibeatem : retinentem. 
 
 p. 42, 1. 19. 2Q sceleste: nefdrie. 
 
 5 pari: similT. 23 indigne: ai?^>-^, p. 43, 1. 10. 
 
 16 cunctantem : dubitantem. 24 saevitiam : crudelitdtem. 
 
46 VIA LATINA. 
 
 Benigne a Gabinis exceptus paulatim eorum benevolen- 
 tiam consequitur, fictis blanditiis ita eos adliciens ut apud 
 omnis plurimum posset et ad postremum dux belli eligere- 
 tur. Turn e suis unum ad patrem mittit sclscitatum quid- 
 S nam se facere vellet. Pater nuntio fill nihil respondit, 
 sed velut deliberabundus in hortum transiit ibique inam- 
 bulans sequente nuntio altissima papaverum capita baculo 
 decussit. Nuntius fessus exspectando rediit Gabios. 
 Sextus cognito silentio patris et facto intellexit quid vellet 
 
 10 pater. Primores civitatis interemit patrique urbem sine 
 ulla dimicatione tradidit. 
 
 Postea rex Ardeam urbem obsidebat. Ibi cum in 
 castris essent, Tarquinius Collatlnus, sorore regis natus, 
 forte cenabat apud Sextum Tarquinium cum iuvenibus 
 
 15 regils. Incidit de uxoribus mentio : cum suam unus 
 quisque laudaret, placuit experiri. Itaque citatis equis 
 Romam avolant ; regias nurus in convivio et luxu depre- 
 hendunt. Pergunt inde Collatiam; Lucretiam, CoUatini 
 uxorem, inter ancillas lanae deditam inveniunt. Ea ergo 
 
 20 ceteris praestare iudicatur. Paucis interiectis diebus 
 Sextus Collatiam rediit et Lucretiae vim attulit. Ilia 
 postero die advocatis patre et coniuge rem exposuit et se 
 cultro, quem sub veste abditum habebat, occidit. Con- 
 clamant vir paterque et in exitium regum coniurant. 
 
 25 Tarquinio Romam redeunti clausae sunt urbis portae et 
 exsilium indictum. 
 
 In antiquis annalibus memoriae haec sunt prodita. 
 Anus hospita atque incognita ad Tarquinium quondam 
 
 4 sciscitatum : rogStum. 17 deprehendunt : inveniunt. 
 
 10 primores : principes. 21 attulit : fecit, intulit. 
 
 11 dimicatione: certdmine. 24 ezitium : interiiunttp.^^, 
 15 incidit : accidit. 1. 25. 
 
THE SEVEN KINGS OF ROME. 47 
 
 Superbum regem adiit, novem libros ferens, qu5s esse 
 dicebat divina oracula : e5s se velle venum dare. Tar- 
 quinius pretium percontatus est : mulier nimium atque 
 immensum poposcit. Rex, quasi anus aetate desiperet, 
 derisit. Turn ilia foculum cum igni apponit et tres 5 
 libros ex novem deurit ; et, ecquid reliquos sex eodem 
 pretio emere vellet, regem interrogavit. Sed Tarquinius 
 id multo risit magis dixitque anum iam procul dubio deli- 
 rare. Mulier ibidem statim tres alios libros exussit ; 
 atque id ipsum denuo placide rogat, ut tres reliquos 10 
 eodem illo pretio emat. Tarquinius ore iam serio atque 
 attentiore animo fit; eam constantiam confidentiamque 
 non neglegendam intellegit ; libros tres reliquos mercatur 
 nihilo minore pretio quam quod erat petitum pro omnibus. 
 Sed eam mulierem tunc a Tarquinio digressam postea 15 
 nusquam loci visam constitit. Libri tres in sacrari5 con- 
 diti Sibyllinique appellati. Ad eos, quasi ad oraculum, 
 Quindecim viri adeunt, cum dii immortales publice con- 
 sulendi sunt. 
 
 3 percontatus: cf. p. 46, 1.4. 10 denuo: rursus,y.^z,\.\2. 
 
 4 desiperet : stulta esset. 1 1 ore : vo/tu. 
 
 8 delirare : itisSnam esse. 13 mercatur : emit. 
 
FABLES. 
 
 I. Haedas et Lnpns. 
 
 Haedus, stans in tect5 domus., lupo praetereunti male- 
 dixit. Cui lupus, "Non tu," inquit, "sed tectum mihi 
 maledicit." 
 
 Saepe locus et tempus homines timidos audacis reddit. 
 
 2. Grns et Favo. 
 
 S Pavo coram grue pennas suas explicans, " Quanta est," 
 
 in quit, " f ormositas mea et tua def ormitas ! " At grus e vo- 
 
 lans, " Et quanta est," inquit, " levitas mea et tua tarditas ! " 
 
 Monet haec fabula ne, ob aliquod bonum quod nobis 
 
 natura tribuit, alios contemnamus quibus natura alia et 
 
 10 fortasse maiora dedit. 
 
 3. Favo. 
 
 Pavo graviter conquerebatur apud lunonem, dominam 
 
 suam, quod vocis suavitas sibi negata esset, dum luscinia, 
 
 avis tam parum decora, cantu excellat. Cui liino, " Et 
 
 merits," inquit ; " n5n enim omnia bona in unum c5nferri 
 
 IS oportuit.'' 
 
 4. Capra et Lnpns, 
 Lupus capram in alta rupe stantem conspicatus, " Cur 
 non," inquit, "relinquis nuda ilia et sterilia loca, et hue 
 
 5 coram : /rJ. ii apud: coram, \. e,. 
 
 5 explicans : osientdns. 13 decora : pulchra. 
 
 6 formositas : pulchritiido. 14 conferri : tribiii, 1. 9; 
 g tribuit: dat. 16 conspicatus: videns. 
 
FABLES. 49 
 
 descendis in herbidos campos, qui tibi laetum pabulum 
 offerunt ? " Cui respondit capra, " Mihi non est in animd 
 dulcia tutis praeponere." 
 
 5. Canls et Boves. 
 
 Canis iacebat in praesaepi bovesque latrando a pa- 
 bulo arcebat. Cui Onus bourn, "Quanta ista," inquit, s 
 " invidia est, quod non pateris ut eo cibo vescamur 
 quem tu ipse capere nee velis nee possis ! " 
 
 Haec fabula invidiae indolem declarat. 
 
 6. Volpes et Leo. 
 
 Volpes, qude numquam leonem viderat, cum ei forte 
 occurrisset, ita est perterrita ut paene moreretur formi- lo 
 dine. Eundem c5nspicata iterum, timuit quidem, sed ne- 
 quaquam ut antea. Tertio illi obviam facta, ausa est 
 etiam propius accedere eumque adloqui. 
 
 7. Cancrl. 
 
 Cancer dicebat filio, " Mi fili, ne sic obliquis semper 
 gressibus incede, sed recta via perge." Cui ille, "Mi 'S 
 pater," respondit, " libenter tuis praeceptis obsequar, si 
 te prius idem facientem videro." 
 
 Docet haec fabula adulescentiam niilla re magis quam 
 exemplis mstrui. 
 
 I laetum : abunddns. 8 declarat : exponit. 
 
 3 tutis: sttlvTs. 10 formidine: timore. 
 
 3 praeponere : ntdlle. 15 perge ; prdgredere. 
 
 5 arcebat: prohibebat. 16 obsequar: farebd. 
 
 8 indolem : naturam- ig instrui : docin. 
 
50 VIA LA TINA. 
 
 8. Boves. 
 
 In eodem prat5 pascebantur tres boves in maxima Con- 
 cordia et sic ab omni ferarum incursione tuti erant. Sed 
 dissidid inter illos orto, singuli a feris petiti et laniati 
 sunt. 
 5 Fabula docet quantum boni sit in concordia. 
 
 9. Aslmis. 
 
 Asinus pelle leSnis indutus territabat homines et bes- 
 tias, tamquam leo esset. Sed forte, dum se celerius movet, 
 aures eminebant ; unde agnitus in pistrinum abductus 
 est, ubi poenas petulantiae dedit. 
 10 Haec fabula stolidos notat qui immeritis honoribus 
 superbiunt. 
 
 10. Mailer et Galllna. 
 
 Mulier quaedam habebat gallinam, quae ei cottidie 
 
 ovum pariebat aureum. Hinc suspicari coepit illam auri 
 
 massam intus celare et gallinam occidit. Sed nihil in ea 
 
 IS repperit nisi quod in aliis gallinis reperiri solet. Itaque 
 
 dum maioribus divitiis inhiat, etiam min5res perdidit. 
 
 II. Tnbicen. 
 
 Tubicen ab hostibus captus, " Ne me," inquit, " inter- 
 
 ficite ; nam inermis sum, neque quidquam habeo praeter 
 
 hanc tubam." At hostes, " Propter hoc ipsum," inquiunt, 
 
 20 " te interimemus, quod, cum ipse piignandJ sis imperitus, 
 
 alios ad piignam incitare soles." 
 
 2 incursione: impctu. 15 vSs\: praeter. 
 
 3 dissidio : dissensione, 16 inhiat : cupit. 
 
 7 tamquam: quasi. 20 interimemus : interficie- 
 
 9 petulantiae : impudentiae. inus. 
 
FABLES. 51 
 
 Fabula docet non solum maleficos esse puniendos, sed 
 etiam eos qui alios ad male faciendum inritent. 
 
 12. Volpes et Uva. 
 
 Volpes uvam in vite conspicata ad illam subsiliit om- 
 nium virium suarum contentione, si earn forte attingere 
 posset. Tandem defatigata inani labore discedens dixit, 5 
 " At nunc etiam acerbae sunt, nee eas in via repertas 
 tollerem." 
 
 Haec fabula docet multos ea contemnere quae se ad- 
 sequi posse desperent. 
 
 13. Mures, 
 
 Mures aliquando habuerunt consilium, quo modo a fele lo 
 caverent. Multis aliis propositis, omnibus placuit ut ei 
 tintinnabulum adnecteretur ; sic enim ipsos sonitu ad- 
 monitos eam fugere posse. Sed cum iam inter muris 
 quaereretur, qui feli tintinnabulum adnecteret, nemo re- 
 pertus est. 15 
 
 Fabula docet in suadend5 pliirimos esse audacis, sed 
 in ipso periculS timidos. 
 
 14. Lnpas et Cms. 
 
 In faucibus lupi os inhaeserat. Mercede igitur con- 
 diicit gruem qui illud extrahat. Hoc griis longitiidine 
 colli facile effecit. Cum autem mercedem postularet, 20 
 subridens lupus et dentibus infrendens, " Num tibi," 
 inquit, "parva merces videtur, quod caput inColume ex 
 lupi faucibus e:!^traxisti ? " 
 
 2 inritent : incitent. 10 aliquando : dlim. 
 
 5 inani : inutilt. 18 mercede : pretio. 
 
 8 adsequi : cdnsequi. 22 incolume : salvum. 
 
52 V/A LATINA. 
 
 15, Agrlcola et AnEnls. 
 
 Agricola anguem repperit frigore paene exstinctum. 
 Misericordia motus eum fovit sinu et subter alas recon- 
 didit. Mox anguis recreatus viris recepit et agricolae 
 pro beneficio letale volnus inflixit. 
 5 Haec fabula docet qualeip mercedem mali pro bene- 
 ficiis reddere soleant. 
 
 16, Aslnns et Eqnns. 
 
 Asinus equum beatum praedicabat, qui tam copiose 
 pasceretur, cum sibi post molestissimos labores tie paleae 
 quidem satis praeberetur. Forte autem bello exorto equus 
 lo in proelium agitur, et circumventus ab hostibus, post in- 
 credibilis labores tandem multis volneribus confossus, 
 conlabitur. Haec omnia asinus conspicatus, " O me stoli- 
 dum," inquit, " qui beatitiidinem ex praesentis temporis 
 fortuna aestimaverim ! " 
 
 I?. Agricola et FUU, 
 
 15 Agricola senex, cum mortem sibi appropinquare sen- 
 tiret, filios convocavit, quos, ut fieri solet, interdum discor- 
 dare noverat et fascem virgularum adferri iubet. Quibus 
 adlatis, filios hortatur ut hunc fascem frangerent. Quod 
 cum facere non possent, distribuit singulis virgas, iisque 
 
 20 celeriter fractis, docuit illos quam firma res esset concor- 
 dia quamque imbecilla discordia. 
 
 1 exstinctum: mortuum. g praeberetur: daritur. 
 
 2 recondidit : celSvit. 12 conlabitur : cadit. 
 
 4 letale : mortiferum. 15 senex : vetus. 
 
 5 mercedem : gratiam. 16 fieri : accidere. 
 
 7 beatum : felicem. 21 imbecilla : Tnjlrma. 
 
FABLES. 53 
 
 18. Equns et Asians. 
 
 Asinus onustus sarcinis equum rogavit ut aliqua parte 
 oneris se levaret, si se vivum videre vellet. Sed ille asini 
 preces repudiavit. Paulo post igitur asinus labore con- 
 sumptus in via corruit et efflavit animam. Turn agitator 
 omnis sarcinas quas asinus portaverat atque insuper 5 
 etiam pellem asino detractam in equum imposuit. Ibi 
 ille sero priorem superbiam deplorans, "O me miserum," 
 inquit, " qui parvulum onus in me recipere noluerim, cum 
 nunc cogar tantas sarcinas ferre una cum pelle comitis 
 mei, cuius preces tam superbe contempseram." 10 
 
 19. Mnlier et AncUlae. 
 
 Mulier vidua, quae texerido vitam sustentabat, solebat 
 ancillas suas de nocte excitare ad opus, cum primum galli 
 cantum audivisset. At ' illae diiiturno labore fatigatae 
 statuerunt gallum interficere. Quo facto, deteriore con- 
 dicione quam prius esse coeperunt. Nam domina de hora 15 
 noctis incerta nunc famulas saepe iam prima nocte exci- 
 tabat. 
 
 20. Senez et Mors. 
 
 Senex in silva ligna ceciderat iisque sublatis domum 
 redire coepit. Cum aliquantum viae progressus esset, et 
 onere et via defatigatus fascem deposuit et secum aetatis 20 
 et inopiae mala contemplatus mortem clara voce invo- 
 cavit, quae ipsum ab omnibus his malis liberaret. Turn 
 
 3 repudiavit: contempsit. 14 statuerunt : dicriverunt. 
 
 4 corruit : conldbitur. 14 deteriore : piidre. 
 6 ibi: tilth. 16 famulas: sertSs. 
 
 1 1 sustentabat : sustinibat. 20 aetatis : senectutis. 
 
54 VIA LA TINA. 
 
 mors senis precibus auditis subito adstitit et, quid vellet, 
 percontatur. At senex quern iam votorum suorum paeni- 
 tebat, "Nihil," inquit, " sed requiro, qui onus paululum 
 adlevet, dum ego rursus subeo." 
 
 21. Corvus et Volpes. 
 
 S Corvus alicunde caseum rapuerat et cum illo in altam 
 arborem subvolarat. Volpecula ilium caseum appetens 
 corvum blandis verbis adoritur ; cumque primum formam 
 eius pennarumque nitorem laudasset, " Pol," inquit, " te 
 avium regem esse dicerem, si cantus pulchritiidini tuae 
 lo responderet." Turn ille laudibus volpis inflatus etiam 
 canta se valere demonstrare voluit. Ita vero e rostro aper- 
 to caseus delapsus est, quern volpes adreptum devoravit. 
 Haec fabula docet vitandas esse adiilatorum voces, qui 
 blanditiis suis n5bis insidiantur. 
 
 22. Leo. 
 
 15 Societatem iunxerant leo, iuvenca, capra, ovis. Praeda 
 autem, quam ceperant, in quattuor partis aequalis divisa, 
 le5, " Prima," ait, " mea est ; debetur enim haec prae- 
 stantiae meae. ToUam et secundam, quam meretur r5bur 
 meum. Tertiam vindicat sibi egregius labor mens. 
 
 20 Quartam qui sibi adrogare voluerit, is sciat se habiturum 
 me inimicum sibi." Quid facerent imbecillae bestiae, 
 aut quae sibi leonem infestum habere vellet? 
 
 2 percontatur : interrogat. 8 nitorem : splendorem. 
 
 4 adlevet: tollat. 14 blanditiis: blandis verbis. 
 
 5 alicunde : ab aliqud loco. 20 adrogare : vindkdre. 
 
 6 appetens : cupiens. 21 imbecillae : infirmae. 
 
 7 adoritur : adloquitur. 22 infestum : inimicum. 
 
FABLES. 55 
 
 23. Mas et Rnsticns. 
 
 Mus a rustics in caricarum acervo deprehensus tarn 
 acr\ morsu eius digitos volneravit ut ille eum dimitteret 
 dicens, " Nihil, mehercule, tarn pusillum est, quod de salute 
 desperare debeat, modo se defendere et vim depulsare 
 velit." 5 
 
 24. Ranae et inppiter. 
 
 Ranae aliquando regem sibi a love petivisse dicuntur. 
 Quarum ille precibus exoratus trabem ingentem in lacum 
 deiecit. Ranae sonitu perterritae primum refugere, deinde 
 vero trabem in aqua natantem conspicatae magno cum 
 contemptu in £a consederunt aliumque sibi novis clamo- lo 
 ribus regem expetiverunt. Tum luppiter earum stultitiam 
 puniturus hydrum illis misit, a quo cum plurimae captae 
 perirent, sero eas stolidarum precum paenituit. 
 
 25. Flier Mendaz. 
 
 Puer ovis pascens crebro per lusum magnis clamoribus 
 opem rusticorum imploraverat, lupos gregem suum aggres- 1 5 
 SOS esse fingens. Saepe autem frustratus eos qui auxilium 
 laturi advenerant, tandem lupo re vera inruente, multis 
 cum lacrimis vicinos 5rare coepit ut sibi et gregi subve- 
 nirent. At illi eum pariter ut antea ludere existimanteg 
 preces eius et lacrimas neglexerunt, ita ut lupus libere ip 20 
 ovis grassaretur plurimasque earum dilaniaret. 
 
 3 pusillum : farvulum. 14 crebro : saepe. 
 
 6 petivisse : rogavisse. 16 fingens : simuldns. 
 
 7 exoratus : adductus. 16 frustratus : cum decepissei. 
 II expetiverunt: valde peti- 17 inruente: aggrediente. 
 
 verunt. 21 grassaretur 
 
S6 VIA LATIN A. 
 
 26. Rnstlcas et Canis Fidells. 
 
 Rusticus in agros exiit ad opus suum. Filiolum, qui 
 in cunis iacebat, reliquit cani fideli atque valid5 custo- 
 diendum. Adrepsit anguis immanis, qui puerulum ex- 
 stincturus erat. Sed custos fidelis corripit eum dentibus 
 5 acutis, et, dum eum necare studet, cunas simul evertit 
 super exstinctum anguem. Paulo post ex arvo rediit 
 agricola ; cum cunas eversas cruentumque canis rictum 
 videret, ira accenditur. Temere igitur custodem filioli 
 interfecit ligone, quem manibus tenebat. Sed ubi cunas 
 lo restituit, super anguem occisum repperit puerum vivum 
 et incolumem. Paenitentia facinoris sera fuit. 
 
 27. Cancer. 
 
 Mare cancer olim deseruit, in litore 
 Pascendi cupidus. Volpes hunc simul aspicit 
 leiuna, simul accurrit, et praedafn capit. 
 15 " Ne," dixit ille, " iiire plector, qui, salo 
 
 Cum fuerim natus, voluerim solo ingredi ! " 
 
 Suus Qnicuique praefinitus est locus, 
 Quem praeterire sine periclo non licet. 
 
 28. Cnlez et Tanrns. 
 
 In cornu tauri parvulus quondam culex 
 20 Consedit ; seque dixit, mole si sua 
 
 Eum gravaret, avolaturum ilico. 
 At ille, " Nee le considentem senseram." 
 
 12 olim : aliquando. 15 plector : pfcnior. 
 
 13 cupidus : avidus. 15 salo : marl. 
 
 21 ilico : ex temple. 
 
FABLES. 57 
 
 29. De yitlis Hominnm. 
 
 Peras imposuit luppiter nobis duas : 
 Propriis repletam vitiis post tergum dedit, 
 Alienis ante pectus suspendit gravem. 
 
 Hac re videre nostra mala non possumus ; 
 Alii simul delinquunt, censores sumus. 
 
 2 propriis: nostrls. 4 hac re: unde. 
 
 2 repletam : plenam. 5 delinquunt : peccant. 
 
GAIUS lULIUS CAESAR. 
 
 C. lulius Caesar, nobilissima genitus familia, annum 
 agens sextum et decimum patrem amisit. Corneliam, 
 Cinnae filiam, duxit uxorem ; cuius pater cum asset Sullae ' 
 inimicissimus, is Caesarem voluit compellere ut earn repu- 
 S diaret ; neque id potuit efficere. Qua re Caesar bonis 
 spoliatus cum etiam ad necem quaereretur, mutata veste 
 nocte urbe elapsus est et quamquam tunc quartanae 
 morb5 laborabat, prope per singulas noctis latebras com- 
 mutare cogebatur ; et comprehensus a Sullae liberto, ne 
 
 10 ad SuUam perduceretur, vix data pecunia evasit. Po- 
 stremo per propinquos et adfinis suos veniam impetravit. 
 Satis constat, SuUam, cum deprecantibus amicissimis et 
 ornatissimis viris aliquamdiu denegasset atque illi pertina- 
 citer contenderent, expugnatum tandem dixisse eum, 
 
 15 quem incolumem tanto opere cuperent, aliquando optima- 
 tium partibus, quas secum simul defendissent, exiti5 
 futurum ; nam Caesari multos Marios inesse. 
 
 Mortuo Sulla Rhodum secedere statuit, ut per otium 
 Apollonio Moloni, tunc clarissimo dicendi magistro, 
 
 20 operam daret. HQc dum traicit, a praedonibus captus est 
 mansitque apud e5s prope quadraginta dies. Per omne 
 autem illud spatium ita se gessit ut piratis pariter terror! 
 
 4 compellere: cdgere. g comprehensus: diprehemus. 
 
 6 necem: mortem. 13 denegasset: recusdvisset . 
 
 8 laborabat : adfllg'ehdtur. 14 expugnatum : vlctum. 
 15 incolumem : salvum. 
 
I GAIUS lULIUS CAESAR. 59 
 
 venerationique esset. Comites interim servosque ad ex- 
 pediendas pecunias quibus redimeretur dimisit. Viginti 
 talenta piratae postulaverant ; ille quinquaginta daturum 
 se spopondit. Quibus numeratis cum expositus esset in 
 litore, confestim Miletum, quae urbs proxime aberat, pro- 5 
 peravit ibique contracta classe, invectus in eum locum in 
 qu5 ipsi praedones erant, partem classis fugavit, partem 
 mersit, aliquot navis cepit piratasque in potestatem re- 
 dactos e5 supplicio, quod illis saepe minatus inter iocum 
 erat, adfecit crucique suffixit. , 10 
 
 Caesar quaestor factus in Hispaniam profectus est. 
 Quo profectus cum Alpis translret et ad conspectum 
 pauperis cuiusdam vici comites per iocum inter se dispu- 
 tarent, num illic etiam esset ambition! locus, serio dixit 
 Caesar, malle se ibi primum esse, quam Romae secundum. 15 
 Dominationis avidus a prima aetate regnum concupisce- 
 bat semperque in ore habebat hos Euripidis, Graeci poetae, 
 versiis : ^ 
 
 Nam si violandum est ius, regnandi gratia 
 
 Violandum est, alils rebus pietatem colas. 20 
 
 Cumque Gades, quod est Hispaniae oppidum, venisset, 
 animadversa apud Herculis templum magni Alexandri 
 imagine ingemuit et lacrimas fudit. Causam quaerentibus 
 amicis,- " Nonne," inquit, " idonea dolendi causa est quod 
 nihildum memorabile gesserim in ea aetate, qua iam Alex- 25 
 ander orbem terrarum subegerat ? " 
 
 Aedilis praeter Comitium ac Forum etiam Capitolium 
 ornavit porticibus. Venationes autem ludosque et cum 
 
 ■A expediendas : comparan- 5 confestim : sine mora. 
 
 das. 16 avidus : cupidus. 
 
 4 numeratis : salutls. ^ so pietatem : fds. ' 
 
60 VIA LAT/NA. 
 
 conlega M. Bibulo et separatim edidit. His autem rebus 
 patrimonium efEudit tantumque conflavit aes alienum ut 
 ipse diceret sibi opus esse miliens sestertium, ut haberet 
 nihil. 
 5 Consul deinde creatus cum M. Bibulo, societatem cum 
 Gnaeo Pompeio et Marco Crasso iunxit Caesar, ne quid 
 ageretur in re publica, quod displicuisset ulli ex tribus. 
 Deinde legem tulit ut ager Campanus plebi divideretur. 
 Cui legi Cum senatus repugnaret, rem ad populum detulit. 
 
 10 Bibulus conlega in Forum venit, ut legi obsisteret, se'd 
 tanta in eum commota est seditio ut in caput eius co- 
 phinus stercore plenus effunderetur fascesque ei frange- 
 rentur atque adeo ipse armis Foro expelleretur. Qua re 
 cum Bibulus per reliquum anni tempus domo abditus curia 
 
 15 abstineret, tinus ex eo tempore Caesar omnia in re pub- 
 lica ad arbitrium administrabat, ut nonnulli urbanorum, 
 si quid testandl gratia signarent, per iocum non, ut mos 
 erat, " consulibus Caesare et Bibulo " actum scriberent, 
 sed " liilio et Caesare, " unum consulem nomine et cog- 
 
 20 nomine pro duobus appellantes. 
 
 Functus consulatu Caesar Galliam provinciam acce- 
 pit. Gessit autem novem annis, quibus in imperio fuit, 
 haec fere: Galliam in provinciae formam redegit; Ger- 
 manos, qui trans Rhenum incolunt, primus Romanorum 
 
 25 ponte fabricate aggressus maximis adfecit cladibus. 
 Aggressus est Britannos, ignotos antea, superatisque 
 peciinias et obsides imperavit. Hie cum multa Roma- 
 norum militum insignia narrantur, turn illudegregium ipsius 
 
 1 e&i&ii: ex hibuit. 11 ae^iiio : tumultus. 
 
 2 conflavit: contrdxit. 15 iinus : solus. 
 
 9 repiignaret: resisteret. 16 arbitrium: voluntdlem. 
 
 9 detulit : rettulit. 16 urbanorum : facetdrum. 
 
GAIUS lULIUS CAESAR. 61 
 
 Caesaris, quod nutante in fugam exercitu, rapto fugientis 
 e manu scutOi in prlmam volit^ns aciem proelium resti- 
 tuit. Idem alio proelio legionis aquiliferum ineundae 
 fugae causa iam conversum faucibus comprehensum 
 in contrariam partem detraxit dextramque ad hostem 5 
 tendens, " Quorsum tu," inquit, " abis ? Illic sunt, cum 
 quibus dimicamus." Qua adhortatione omnium legio- 
 num trepidationem correxit vincique paratas vincere 
 ^ocuit. 
 
 Interfecto interea apud Parthos Crasso et defuncta 10 
 lulia, Caesaris f ilia, quae, nupta Pompeio, generi soce- . 
 rique concordiam tenebat, statim aemulatio erupit. Iam 
 pridem Pompeio suspectae Caesaris opes et Caesari 
 Pompeiana dignitas gravis, nee hie ferebat parem, nee 
 ille superiorem. Itaque cum Caesar in Gallia detineretur, 15 
 et, ne imperfects bello discederet, postulasset ut sibi 
 liceret quamvis absent! alterum consulatum petere, a 
 senatu suadentibus Pompei5 eiusque amicis negatum ei 
 est. Hanc iniuriam acceptam vindicaturus in Italiam 
 rediit et bellandum ratus cum exercitu Rubiconem flumen, 20 
 qui provinciae eius finis erat, transiit. Hoc ad flumen 
 paulum constitisse fertur ac reputans, quantum moliretur, 
 conversus ad proximos, " Etiam nunc," inquit, " regredi 
 possumus ; quod si ponticulum transierimus, omnia armjs 
 agenda erunt." Postremo autem, " lacta alea esto ! " 25 
 exclamans, exercitum traici iussit plurimisque urbibus 
 occupatis Brundisium contendit, quo Pompeius consu- 
 lesque confiigerant. 
 
 I . niitante : cedente. 20 ratus : exTstimans. 
 
 3 ineundae : incipiendae. 22 moliretur : susciperet. 
 
 6 quorsum : quo. 26 traici : trddficl. 
 
 xo defiincta : mortuS. 27 contendit : properavit. 
 
62 VIA LA TINA. 
 
 Qui cum inde in Epirum traiecissent, Caesar eos 
 secutus a Brundisio Dyrrhachium inter oppositas classis 
 gravissima hieme transmisit; copiisque quas subsequi 
 iusserat diutius cessantibus cum ad eas arcessendas fru- 
 5 stra misisset, mirae audaciae facinus edidit. Morae enim 
 impatiens castrls noctu egreditur, clam naviculam con- 
 scendit, obvoluto capita, ne agnosceretur, et quamquam 
 mare saeva tempestate intumescebat, in altum tamen pro- 
 tinus dirigi navigium iubet et gubernatore trepidante, 
 
 to "Quid times? " inquit, " Caesarem vehis ! " neque prius 
 gubernatorem cedere adversae tempestati passus est, 
 quam paene obrutus esset fluctibus. 
 
 Deinde Caesar in Epirum profectus Pompeium Phar- 
 salico proelio fiidit, et fugientem persecutus, ut occisum 
 
 1 5 cognovit, PtoIemae5 regi, Pompei interfect5ri, a quo sibi 
 quoque insidias tendi videret, bellum intulit ; quo victo 
 in Pontum transiit Pharnacemque, Mithridatis filium, re- 
 bellantem et multiplici successu praeferocem intra quln- 
 tum ab adventu diem, quattuor quibus in conspectum 
 
 20 venit horis una profligavit acie, more fulminis, quod iino 
 eodemque moments venit, percussit, abscessit. Nee vana 
 de se praedicatio est Caesaris, ante victum hostem esse 
 quam visum. Pontico postea triumphs trium verborum 
 praetulit titulum : " Veni, vidi, vici." Deinde Scipionem 
 
 25 et lubam, Numidiae regem, reliquias Pompeianarum par- 
 tium in Africa refoventis, devicit et omnium victor, re- 
 gressus in urbem omnibus qui contra se arma tulerant 
 ignovit et quinquiens triumphavit. 
 
 I traiecissent : trSnsussent. 8 altum : mare. 
 
 3 hieme : tempestate. 20 profligavit : superdvit. 
 
 5 edidit : fecit. 24 titulum : inscrlptionem. 
 
 7 ObvoliitS : adopertS. 26 refoventis : renavantls. 
 
GAIUS TULIUS CAESAR. 63 
 
 Bellis civilibus confectis, conversus iam ad ordinan- 
 dum rei publicae statum, fastos correxit annumque ad 
 cursum solis accommodavit, ut trecentorum sexaginta 
 quinque dierum esset et intercalario mense sublato Onus 
 dies qu&rto quoque anrio intercalaretur. lus laboriosis- s 
 sime ac severissime dixit. Repetundarum convictos etiam 
 ordine senatorio movit. Peregrinarum mercium portoria 
 instituit ; legem praecipue sumptuariam exercuit. De 
 ornanda instruendaque urbe, item de tuendo amplian-, 
 doque imperio plura ac maiora in dies destinabat ; impri- lo 
 mis ifls civile ad certum modum redigere atque ex 
 immensa legum copia optima quaeque et necessaria in 
 paucissimos conferre libros ; bibliothecas Graecas et Lati- 
 nas, . quas maximas posset, piiblicare, siccare Pomptinas 
 paludes ; viam mtinire a Mari Super5 per Appennini 15 
 dorsum ad Tiberim usque ; Da.c5s qui se in Pontum effu- 
 derant, coercere ; mox Parthis bellum inferre per Arme- 
 niam.- 
 
 Haec et alia agentem et meditantem mors praevenit. 
 Dictator enim in perpetuum creatus agere insolentius 20 
 coepit ; senatum ad \se venientem sedens excepit et 
 quendam ut adsurgeret monentem irato voltu respexit. 
 Cum Antonius, Caesaris in omnibus bellis comes et tunc 
 consulatiis conlega, capiti eius in sella aurea sedentis 
 pro rostris diadema, insigne regium, imposuisset, id ita 25 
 ab eo est repulsum ut non offensus videretur. Qua re 
 coniiiratum in eum est a sexaginta amplius viris, Cassio 
 et Brut5 ducibus, decretumque eum Tdibus Martiis in 
 senatii confodere. 
 
 I confectis : finitU. 9 tuendo : defendendo. 
 
 7 movit: sustuUt, p. 42, 1. 11. 13 munire : facere. 
 
 8 exercuit : exsecutus est. 28 decretum : cdnstitiltum. 
 
64 VIA LA TINA. 
 
 Plurima indicia futuri periculi obtulerant dii immor- 
 tales. Uxor Calpurnia, territa nocturno visu, ut Idibus 
 Martiis domi subsisteret orabat, et Spurinna haruspex 
 praedixerat ut proximos dies triginta quasi fatalis ca- 
 
 5 veret, quorum ultimus erat Tdus Martiae. Hoc igitur 
 die Caesar Spurinnae, " Ecquid scis," inquit, "Idus 
 Martias iam venisse ? " et is, " Ecquid scis, illas nondum 
 praeterisse ? " Atque cum Caesar eo die in senatum 
 venisset, adsidentem coniurati specie offici circumste- 
 
 10 terunt ilicoque unus, quasi aliquid rogaturus, propius ac- 
 cessit renuentlque ab utr5que umero togam apprehendit. 
 Deinde clamantem, " Ista quidem vis est," Casca, unus 
 e (ioniuratis, adversum volnerat paulum infra iugulum. 
 Caesar Cascae brachium adreptum graphio traiecit cona- 
 
 15 tusque prosilire alio volnere tardatus est. Dein ut ani- 
 madvertit undique se strictis pugionibus peti, toga caput 
 obvolvit et ita tribus et viginfi plagis confossus est. Cum 
 Marcum Brutum, quern fili loco habebat, in se inruentem 
 vidisset, dixisse fertur: "Tu quoque, mi fili ! " 
 
 2o Fuisse traditur excelsa statura, ore paul5 pleniore, 
 nigris vegetisque oculis, capite calvo ; quam calviti de- 
 formitatem, quod saepe obtrectatorum iocis obnoxia erat, 
 aegre ferebat. Ideo ex omnibus decretis sibi a senatu 
 populoque honoribus n5n alium aut recepit aut usurpavit 
 
 25 libentius quam ius laureae perpetuo gestandae. Vini 
 parcissimum eum fuisse ne inimici quidem negaverunt. 
 Verbum Catonis est, iinum ex omnibus Caesarem ad 
 evertendam rem pQblicam sobrium accessisse. Armorum 
 
 3 subsisteret : remaneret. 20 excelsa : alts. 
 
 10 ilico : refente. 21 vegetis : vividts. 
 
 11 renuenti : recusantl. 22 obtrectatorum: detiacti- 
 14 traiecit: confddit. rum. 
 
 17 obvolvit : t'exit. 25 perpetuo : semper. 
 
GAIUS JULIUS CAESAR. 6S 
 
 et equitandi peritissimus, laboris ultra fidem patiens ; in 
 agtnine nonnumquam equo, saepius pedibus anteibat, 
 capite detects, seu sol, seu imber erat. Longissimas vias 
 incredibili celeritate conficiebat, ut persaepe nuntios de 
 se praeveniret ; neque eum morabantur flumina, quae vel 
 nando vel innixus inflatis utribus traiciebat. 
 
 3 detects : nudo. 6 traiciebat : trdnsibat. 
 
ALCIBIADES. 
 
 45o(?)-404 B.C. 
 
 Alcibiades, Cliniae filius, Atheniensis. In hoc quid 
 natura efficere possit videtur experta. Constat enim inter 
 omnis qui de eo memoriae prodiderunt, nihil illo fuisse 
 excellentius vel in vitiis vel in virtutibus. Natus in 
 
 S amplissima civitate summo genere, omnium aetatis suae 
 multo formosissimus, ad omnis res aptus consilique 
 plenus, namque imperator fuit summus et mari at terra, 
 disertus ut in primis dicend5 valeret, quod tanta erat 
 commendatio 5ris atque orationis ut nemo ei posset resis- 
 
 10 tere ; dives ; cum tempus posceret, laboriosus, patiens ; 
 liberaUs, splendidus non minus in vita quam victfl ; adfa- 
 bilis, blandus, temporibus callidissime serviens : idem, 
 simul ac se remiserat neque causa suberat qua re animi 
 laborem perferret, luxuriosus, dissolutus, libidinosus, in- 
 
 iS temperans, reperiebatur, ut omnes admirarentur in iin5 
 homine tantam esse dissimilitiidinem tamque diversam 
 natOram. 
 
 Educatus est in domo Pericli (privignus enim eius 
 fuisse dicitur), eruditus a Socrate. Socerum habuit Hip- 
 
 20 ponicum, omnium Graeca Hngua loquentium ditissimum, 
 ut, si ipse fingere vellet, neque plura bona comminisci 
 
 2 constat inter omnis : om- 6 formosissimus : puUherri- 
 nis consentiunt. mus. 
 
 3 memoriae prodiderunt : 8 disertus : Hoquins. 
 scripsirunt. g oris : vocis. 
 
 4 excellentius : ddrius, ma- 13 se remiserat : si relaxd- 
 gis egregium. verat. 
 
 5 amplissima : splendidis- 21 comminisci : excogitire. 
 sitnd, p. 75, 1. 7. 
 
ALCIBIADES. 67 , 
 
 neque maiora posset consequi quam vel natura vel for- 
 tuna tribueret. 
 
 Bello PeloponnesiS htiius c5nsili6 atque auctoritate 
 Athenienses bellum Syracusanis indixerunt; ad quod 
 gerendum ipse dux delectus est, duo praeterea conlegae 5 
 dati, Nicias et Lamachus. Id cum appararetur, prius 
 quam classis exiret, accidit ut una nocte omnes hermae 
 qui in oppido erant Athenis deicerentur praeter unum, 
 qui ante ianuam erat Andocidi. Itaque ille postea Mer- 
 curius Andocidi vocitatus est. Hoc cum appareret non 10 
 sine magna multorum consensione esse factum, quae non 
 ad privatam, sed ad publicam rem pertineret, magnus mul- 
 titiidini timor est iniectus, ne qua repentina vis in civi- 
 tate exsisteret, quae libertatem opprimeret populi. Hoc 
 maxime convenire in Alcibiadem videbatur, quod et 15 
 potentior et maior quam privatus existimabatur : multos 
 enim liberalitate devinxerat, pluris etiam opera forensi 
 suos reddiderat. Qua re fiebat ut omnium oculos, quo- 
 tienscumque in piiblicum prodisset, ad se converteret 
 neque ei par quisquam in civitate poneretur. Itaque non 20 
 solum spem in eo habebant maximam, sed etiam timorem, 
 quod et obesse pliirimum et prddesse poterat. Asperge- 
 batur etiam infamia, quod in domo sua facere mysteria 
 dicebatur, quod nefas erat moire Atheniensium, idque non 
 ad religi5nem sed ad coniiirationem pertinere existima- 25 
 batur. 
 
 Hoc crimine in contione ab inimicis compellabatur. 
 Sed instabat tempus ad bellum proficiscendi. Id ille 
 
 10 vocitatus : nominStus. 20 poneretur : exlstimSritur.^ 
 
 10 appareret : videretur. 22 obesse : nocere. 
 
 I 14 exsisteret : oreretur. 27 compellabatur : accusibstur. 
 
 15 convenire : congruere. 28 instabat : aderat. 
 
6S VIA LATINA. 
 
 intuens neque ignorans civium suorum consuetudinem 
 postulabat, si quid de se agi vellent, potius de praesente 
 quaestio haberetur quam absens invidiae crimine accusa- 
 retur. Inimici vero eius quiescendum in praesenti, quia 
 5 noceri ei non posse intellegebant, et illud tempus exspec- 
 tandum decreverunt quo exisset, ut absentem aggrederen- 
 tur, itaque fecerunt. Nam postquam in Siciliam eum 
 pervenisse crediderunt, absentem quod sacra violasset, 
 reum fecerunt. Qua de re cum ei nuntius a magistratii 
 
 10 in Siciliam missus esset, ut domum ad causam dicendam 
 rediret, essetque in magna spe provinciae bene admini- 
 strandae, n5n parere noluit et in triremem quae ad 
 eum erat deportandum missa ascendit. Hac Thiirios in 
 Italiam pervectus, multa secum reputans de immoderata 
 
 IS civium suorum licentia crudelitateque erga nobilis, iitilis- 
 simum ratus impendentem evitare tempestatem, clam 
 se ab custodibus subduxit et inde primum Elidem, dein 
 Thebas venit. Postquam autem se capitis daranatum 
 bonis publicatis audivit, et (id quod iisu venerat) Eumol- 
 
 20 pidas sacerdotes a populo coactos ut se devoverent, 
 eiusque devotionis qu5 testatior esset memoria, exemplum 
 in pila lapidea incisum esse positum in publico, Lacedae- 
 monem demigravit. Ibi, ut ipse praedicare consuerat, 
 non adversus patriam sed inimicos suos bellum gessit, 
 
 25 quod iidem hostes essent civitati : nam cum intellegerent 
 se plurimum prodesse posse rei piiblicae, ex ea eiecisse 
 pliisque irae suae quam utilitati commiini paruisse. 
 
 I intuens : cogitdns. 16 ratus : exlstimdns. 
 
 a &.^: fieri. 17 dein: deinde,tum. 
 
 9 reum fecerunt : accusdve- ig iisii venerat : acciderat. 
 runt. 23 praedicare : confirmdre. 
 
 II provinciae: officT. 27 paruisse: serviisse, p. 66, 
 
 14 reputans : cogitdns. 1. 1 2. 
 
ALCIBIADES. 69 
 
 Itaque huius consilio Lacedaemonii cum Perse rege 
 amicitiam fecerunt, dein Deceleam in Attica munierunt 
 praesidioque ibi perpetuo posito in obsidione Athenas 
 tenuerunt. Eiusdem opera loniam a societate averte- 
 runt Atheniensium. Quo facto multo superiores bello 5, 
 esse coeperunt. 
 
 Neque vero his rebus tarn amici Alcibiadi sunt facti 
 quam timore ab eo alienati. Nam cum acerrimi viri 
 praestantem prudentiam in omnibus rebus cognoscerent, 
 pertimuerunt, ne caritate patriae ductus aliquando ab 10 
 ipsis descisceret et cum suis in gratiam rediret. Itaque' 
 tempus eius interficiendi quaerere instituerunt. Id Alci- 
 biades diutius celari non potuit ; erat enim ea sagaCitate 
 ut decipi non posset, praesertim cum animum attendisset 
 ad cavendum. Itaque ad Tissaphernem, praefectum 15 
 regis Darei, se contulit. Cuius cum in intimam amici- 
 tiam pervenisset et Atheniensium male gestis in Sicilia 
 rebus opes senescere, contra Lacedaemoniorum creScere 
 videret, initio cum Pisandro praetore, qui apud , Samum 
 exercitum habebat, per interniintios conloquitur et de re- 20 
 ditu suo facit mentionem. Erat enim eodem quo Alcibi- 
 ades sensij, populi potentiae non amicus et optimatium 
 fautor. Ab hoc destitiitus primum per Thrasybulum, 
 Lyci filium, ab exercitii recipitur praetorque fit apud 
 Samum ; post suffragante Theramene populi scito restifui- 25 
 tur parique absens imperi5 praeficitur simul cum Thrasy- 
 bi5lo et Theramene. Horum in imperio tanta commiitatio 
 
 3 perpetuo : continuo. 18 senescere : deficere. 
 
 g praestantem : excellentem, 22 sensu : mente. 
 
 66, 4. 22 optimatium : nobilium, p. 
 
 10 caritate : amore. 68, 1. 1 5. 
 
 11 descisceret: desereret. 25 suffragante : yaw«fe. 
 
 26 simul cum : iind cum. 
 
70 V/A LATINA. 
 
 rerum facta est ut Lacedaemonii, qui paulo ante victores 
 viguerant, perterriti pacem peterent. Victi enim erant 
 quinque proeliis terrestribus, tribus navalibus, in quibus 
 ducentas navis triremis amiserant, quae captae in hos- 
 
 S tium venerant potestatem. Alcibiades simul cum conlegis 
 receperat loniam, Hellespontum, multas praeterea urbis 
 Graecas, quae in ora sitae sunt Thraciae, quarum expug- 
 narant compluris, in his Byzantium, neque minus multas 
 consilio ad amicitiam adiunxerant, quod in captos clemen- 
 
 10 tia fuerant usi. Ita praeda onusti locupletato exercitu 
 maximis rebus gestis Athenas venerunt. 
 
 His cum obviam universa civitas in Piraeum descendis- 
 set, tanta fuit omnium exspectatio visendi Alcibiadis ut 
 ad eius triremem volgus conflueret proinde ac si solus ad- 
 
 '5 venisset. Sic enim popul5 erat persuasum et adversas 
 superiores et praesentis secundas res accidisse eius opera. 
 Itaque et Siciliam amissam et Lacedaemoniorum victorias 
 culpae suae tribuebant, quod talem virum e civitate ex- 
 pulissent. Neque id sine causa arbitrari videbantur. 
 
 20 Nam postquam exercitui praeesse coeperat, neque terra 
 neque maii hostes pares esse potuerant. Hie ut e navi 
 egressus est, quamquam Theramenes et Thrasybulus 
 iisdem rebus praefuerant simulque venerant in Piraeum, 
 tamen unum omnes ilium prosequebantur, et (id quod 
 
 *S numquam antea iisli venerat nisi Olympiae victoribus), 
 coronis laureis taeniisque volgo donabatur. lUe lacri- 
 mans talem benevolentiam civium suorum accipiebat, 
 reminiscens pristini temporis acerbitatem. Postquam in 
 
 2 viguerant : floruerant. 14 volgus : multitudo. 
 
 7 sitae : positae. 20 praeesse : imperire. 
 
 9 in: (r>yJ, p. 68, 1. 1 5. 24 iinum: solum. 
 
 13 visendi : videndt. 28 pristini : superioris. 
 
ALCIBIADES. 71 
 
 astu venit, contione advocata sic verba fecit ut nemo tarn 
 ferus fuerit quin eius casul inlacrimarit inimicumque iis 
 se ostenderit quorum opera patria pulsus fuerat, proinde 
 ac si alius populus, non ille ipse qui turn flebat, eum sac- 
 rilegi damnasset. Restituta ergo huic sunt piiblice bona, s 
 iidemque illi Eumolpidae sacerdotes rursus resacrare sunt 
 coacti qui eum devoverant, pilaeque illae in quibus de- 
 v5ti5 fuerat scripta in mare praecipitatae. 
 
 Haec Alcibiadi laetitia non nimis fuit diuturna. Nam 
 cum ei omnes essent honores decreti totaque res piiblica lo 
 domi bellique tradita, ut iinius arbitrio gereretur, et ipse 
 postulasset ut duo sibi conlegae darentur, Thrasybulus et 
 Adimantus, neque id negatum esset, classe in Asiam pro- 
 fectus, quod apud Cymen minus ex sententia rem gesserat, 
 in invidiam recidit. 'Nihil enim eum non efficere posse .15 
 diicebant. Ex quo fiebat ut omnia minus prospere gesta 
 culpae tribuerent, cum aut eum neglegenter aut malitiose 
 fecisse loquerentur ; sicut turn accidit : nam cprruptum 
 a rege capere Cymen noluisse arguebant. Itaque huic 
 maxime putamus malo fuisse nimiam opinionem ingeni zo 
 atque virtutis : timebatur enim non minus quam dilige- 
 batur, ne secunda fortuna magnisque opibus elatus tyran- 
 nidem concupisceret. Quibus rebus factum est ut absenti 
 magistratum abrogarent et alium in eius locum substi- 
 tuerent. Id ille ut audivit, domum reverti noluit et se 25 
 Pactyen contulit ibiqile tria castella commiiniit, Ornos, 
 Bizanthen, Neontichos, manuque conlecta primus Graecae 
 civitatis in Thraciam introiit, gloriosius existimans bar- 
 
 1 astu : urbem. 16 ducebant : exTstimdbant. 
 
 2 ferus : crudelis. 17 malitiose : dolose. 
 
 5 publice : populi iussu. ig arguebant : accusahant. 
 
 6 xesSLCxaxe: devotione solvere. 21 diligebatur: amdbdtur. 
 15 invidiam: odium. 23 concupisceret : /^/t^/'^A 
 
72 VIA LA TINA. 
 
 barorum praeda locupletari quam Graiorum. Qua ex re 
 creverat cum fatna turn opibus magnamque amicitiam sibi 
 cum quibusdam regibus Thraciae pepererat. 
 
 Neque tamen a caritate patriae potuit recedere. Nam 
 
 5 cum apud Aegos flumen Philocles, praetor Atheniensium, 
 classem constituisset suam neque longe abesset Lysan- 
 der, praetor Lacedaemoniorum, qui in eo erat occupatus 
 ut bellum quam diutissime duceret, quod ipsis pecunia 
 a rege suppeditabatur, contra Atheniensibus exhaustis 
 
 lo praeter arma et navis nihil erat super, Alcibiades ad ex- 
 ercitum venit Atheniensium ibique praesente volgo agere 
 coepit : si vellent, se coacturum Lysandrum dimicare aut 
 pacem petere spopondit ; Lacedaemonios e5 nolle classe 
 confligere, quod pedestribus copiis plus quam navibus 
 
 15 valerent; sibi autem esse facile Seuthem, regem Thra- 
 cum, addiicere ut eum terra depelleret; quo facto neces- 
 sario aut classe conflictiirum aut bellum cdmpositiirum. 
 Id etsi vere dictum Philocles animadvertebat, tamen 
 postulata facere noluit, quod sentiebat se Alcibiade re- 
 
 20 cepto nullius momenti apud exercitum futiirum et, si quid 
 secundi evenisset, niillam in ea re suam partem fore, con- 
 tra ea, si quid adversi accidisset, se unum eius delicti 
 futurum reum. Ab hoc discedens Alcibiades, " Quoniam," 
 intuit, "victoriae patriae repiignas, illud moneo, ne iuxta 
 
 25 hostem castra habeas nautica ; periculum est enim, ne 
 immpdestia mllitum vestrSrum ocfcasio detur Lysandro 
 vestri opprimendi exercitiis." Neque ea res ilium fefellit. 
 
 3 pepererat: consecutus erat. 18 animadvertebat: intelle- 
 
 9 suppeditabatur: praebebd- gibat. 
 tur. 20 momenti : auctoritdtis. 
 
 10 erat super : erat relictum. 24 iuxta : prope. 
 
 11 yo\%b: militibus. 26 immodestia: licentid. 
 
ALCIBIADES. 73 
 
 Nam Lysander, cum per speculatores comperisset volgum 
 Atheniensium in terram praedatum exisse navisque paene 
 inanis relictas, tempus rei gerendae non dimisit eoque 
 impetu belfum totum delevit. 
 
 At Alcibiades, victis Atheniensibus non satis tuta 5 
 eadem loca sibi arbitrans, penitus in Thraciam se supra 
 Propontidem abdidit, sperans ibi facilliifie suam fortunam 
 occuli posse. Falso. Nam Thraces, postquam eum cum 
 magna pecunia venisse senserunt, insidias fecerunt eaque 
 quae apportarat, abstulerunt, ipsum capere non potuerunt. 10 
 Ille cernens nullum locum sibi tutum in Graecia propter 
 potentiam Lacedaemoniorum ad Pharnabazum in Asiam 
 transiit : quern quidem adeo sua cepit humanitate ut eum 
 nemo in amicitia antecederet. Namque ei Grynium de- 
 derat, in Phrygia castrum, ex quo quinquagena talenta 15 
 vectigalis capiebat. Qua fortuna Alcibiades non erat 
 contentus neque Athenas victas Lacedaemoniis servire 
 poterat pati. Itaque ad patriam liberandam omni fere- 
 batur c5gitatione. Sed videbat id sine rege Perse non 
 posse fieri, ideoque eum amicum sibi cupiebat adiungi 20 
 neque dubitabat facile se consecuturum, si modo eius con- 
 veniundi habuisset potestatem. Nam Cyrum fratrem ei 
 bellum clam parare Lacedaemoniis adiuvantibus sciebat : 
 id si aperuisset, magnam se initiirum gratiam videbat. 
 
 Hoc cum moliretur peteretque a Pharnabazo ut ad re- 25 
 gem mitteretur, eodepi tempore Critias ceterique tyranni 
 Atheniensium certos homines ad Lysandrum in Asiam 
 
 I comperisset : cSgnmisset. i8 pati : perferre, p. 66, 1. 14. 
 
 4 delevit: confecit, finlvit. 21 conseciituruin : /f?/^c/ar«OT. 
 
 8 occuli: «/(f?-f, p. 69, 1. 13. 22 potestatem: occdsidnem. 
 
 13 tH^W. ad se trdxit. 25 moliretur: appardret.^.dj, 
 
 13 humanitate : comitate. 1. 6. 
 
74 VIA LA TINA. 
 
 miserant, qui eum certiorem facerent, nisi Alcibiadem sus- 
 tulisset, nihil earum rerum fore ratum quas ipse Athenis 
 constituisset : quare, si suas res gestas manere vellet, ilium 
 persequeretur. His Laco rebus commotus statuit accQ- 
 
 S ratius sibi agendum cum Pharnabazo. Huic ergo renun- 
 tiat quae regi cum Lacedaemoniis essent, nisi Alcibiadem 
 vivum aut mortuum sibi tradidisset. Non tulit hunc 
 satrapes et violare clementiam quam regis opes minui 
 maluit. Itaque misit Susamithren et Bagaeum ad Alci- 
 
 lo biadem interficiendum, cum ille esset in Phrygia iterque 
 ad regem compararet. Missi clam vicinitati in qua turn 
 Alcibiades erat dant negotium ut eum interficiant. Illi 
 cum ferro aggredi non auderent, noctu ligna contulerunt 
 circa casam in qua quiescebat eamque succenderunt, ut 
 
 15 incendio conficerent quem manii superari posse diffide- 
 bant. Ille autem ut sonitii flammae est excitatus, etsi 
 gladius ei erat subductus, familiaris sui subalare telum 
 eripuit. Namque erat cum eo quidam ex Arcadia hospes, 
 qui numquam discedere voluerat. Hunc sequi se iubet 
 
 20 et id quod in praesentia vestimentorum fuit adripit. His 
 in ignem coniectis flammae vim transiit. Quem ut bar- 
 bari incendium effiigisse viderunt, telis eminus missis 
 interfecerunt caputque eius ad Pharnabazum rettulerunt. 
 At mulier quae cum eo vivere consuerat muliebri sua 
 
 25 veste contectum aedifici incendio mortuum cremavit, 
 quod ad vivum interimendum erat comparatum. Sic 
 Alcibiades annos circiter quadraginta natus diem obiit 
 supremum. 
 
 1 sustulisset : interficisset. 15 conficerent : interficerent. 
 
 2 toiersAum: permansurum. 26 interimendum: interfici- 
 4 accuratius : dJUgentius. endum. 
 
 14 succenderunt : incenderunt. 28 supremum : ultimum. 
 
ALCIBIADES. 7S 
 
 Hunc infamatum a plerisque tres gravissimi historic! 
 summis laudibus extulerunt : Thucydides, qui eiusdem 
 aetatis fuit, Theopompus, post aliquanto natus, et Ti- 
 maeus : qui quidem duo inaledicentissimi nescio quo 
 .modo in ill5 Qno laudando consentiunt. Namque ea quae s 
 supra scripsimus de eo praedicarunt atque hoc amplius : 
 cum Athenis splendidissima civitate natus esset, omnis 
 splendore ac dignitate superasse vitae ; postquam inde 
 expulsus Thebas venerit, adeo studiis eorum inservisse ut 
 nemo cum labore corporisque viribus posset aequiperare lo 
 (omnes enim Boeotii magis firmitati corporis quam ingeni 
 aciimini inserviunt) ; eundem apud Lacedaemonios, quo- 
 rum mdribus summa virtus in patientia ponebatur, sic 
 diiritiae se dedisse ut parsimonia victiis atque cultiis 
 omnis Lacedaemonios vinceret; venisse a,d Persas, apud 15 
 quos summa laus esset fortiter venari, luxuriose vivere ; 
 horum sic imitatum consuetiidinem ut illi ipsi eum in his 
 maxime admirarentur. Quibus rebus effecisse ut, apud 
 quoscumque esset, princeps poneretur habereturque caris- 
 
 simus. 20 
 
 f 
 
 3 aetatis : temporis. 12 inserviunt : se dant. 
 
 10 aequiperare : par esse. 14 victus : cibi. 
 
 11 ingeni : a««/wr. ig poneretur: existimdretur. 
 
NOTES, 
 
 The grammatical references are to Allen and Greenough's Graramar, to Harkness' (H), 
 and to the " First Latin Book " by Collar and Daniell (F). 
 
 THE ARGONAUTS. 
 Page 
 
 2 I Thessalia : find Thessaly on a map of Greece, in the northern 
 part. 
 
 2 appellattis est : understood with the first alter ; so often a 
 
 verb belonging to two clauses will be found expressed in the 
 second only. We usually express the verb in the first only, 
 as here, 
 primum : here an adverb, not an adjective with regnum. 
 
 3 obtinuerat ; this verb usually means iold, or possess. It is 
 
 not the common Latin word for obtain. 
 
 6 quidam ... ex amicis = quidam amicorum : e or ex with the 
 
 ablative is often used thus in place of the partitive geriitive. 
 
 7 constituerunt : compare in anim5 habebat, 1. 5. 
 
 g'cum: when; but the words cum . . . rediissent can be well 
 rendered returning, instead of when they had returned. 
 
 10 cum . . . audivisset: hearing of this. See preceding note. 
 
 11 speciem . . . praebuit: made a show of grief . What literally ? 
 
 12 esset : was, not might be. Observe, as you read, how often the 
 
 subjunctive must be rendered by the indicative. 
 
 13 cum: though. 
 
 14 Iiesci5 quam fabulam : some story or other. 
 
 15 veritus : fearing, not having feared. 290, b ; H. 550, note I. 
 
 16 occupatum : agrees with regnum ; translate by a clause. F. 353, 
 
 6, and c (2). Remember that the English uses the perfect' 
 partitiple much less than the Latin. 
 
 17 Delphos : look for it in the central part of northern Greece. 
 
78 NOTES: THE ARGONAUTS. 
 
 Page 
 
 2 17 qui consuleret : translate by the infinitive. 317; H. 497, I; 
 
 F. 432, I, and 433. 
 
 18 quam . . . venisset: see asset, 1. 12, and note. 
 
 23 conveniendi : for assembling. Do not tliink tliat tlie genitive 
 must always be translated of. 
 
 3 4 dum facit . . . amisit : while he was making the journey, he 
 
 lost. This is a common construction, dum with a present 
 followed by a Jjerfect or other past tense. In such cases 
 translate the present by a past tense, as here. 
 alterum: unum was not used because one of two is meant. 
 
 4 cum : since. 
 
 5 altero : it would be a natural but amusing mistake to render 
 
 altero here the other. See 1. 2 above, and note, 
 quern : does not refer to pede. 
 g obtinebat : see obtinuerat, p. 2, 1. 3, and note. 
 
 10 illud : that famous. 102, b; H. 450, 4; F. 100, d. 
 
 11 negotium . . . potlretur : to commission Jason to get. What 
 
 literally ? 
 
 12 res : the undertaking. 
 
 14 igitur : remember the common position of this word by seeing 
 it three times in this paragraph, 
 vellet: see esset, p. 2, 1. 12, and note. 
 
 19 qui . . . docerent : see qui consuleret, p. 2, 1. 17, and note. 
 
 20 conveniendi : see p. 2, 1. 23, and note. 
 
 21 Usui : useful. What literally ? 
 
 22 negotium . . . aedificaret: see negotium . . . potiretur, 1. 11, 
 
 and note. 
 
 4 4 quibus . . . uti : 249 ; H. 421, I ; F. 361. 
 
 5 tota : agrees with navis ; why not with robore ? Translate 
 
 wholly. 
 12 quos . . . eos: whom he thought . . . (hose he chose ; chose those 
 whom he thought. 
 
 14 socios : as comrades, in apposition with eos. 
 
 17 solvit : supply navem ; literally, loosed the ship. 
 
 18 baud multum post: compare post breve tempus, p. 2, 1. 15. 
 
 5 4 arbitrati : see veritus, p. 2, 1. 1 5, and note. 
 
 5 piignatum est : they fought. What literally? 
 
 15 iam deficere : was now beginning to fail. 
 
NOTES: THE ARGONAUTS. 79 
 
 Page 
 
 5 17 forma praestantissima : 251 ; H. 419, II. 
 
 18 dum quaerit . . . secesserat : see dum facit . . . amisit, p. 3, 
 
 1. 2, and note. 
 21 negaret . . . esse : refused to do it. What literally? 
 24 dolore adfecti : compare timore adfectus est, p. 3, 1. 6. 
 
 6 4^C[uis . . . obtineret : on obtineo, see note on p. 2, 1. 3 ; and on 
 
 the translation of the subjunctive, p. 2, 1. 12, and note. 
 7 cuius . . . genus : -whose punishment was of this' sort. What 
 
 literally ? cuius supplici may be " of which punishment." 
 9 specie horribili : seeformapraestantissima, p. 5, 1. 17, andnote. 
 
 13 quae . . . essent : since this was the state of things. What 
 literally ? 
 baud . . . moreretur : it was not much distant but that Phineus 
 should die of hunger; in English, Phineus was near dyingof 
 hunger. 
 
 18 quantam . . . haberent : an indirect question, like esset, p. 2, 
 1. 12 ; quam venisset, p. 2, 1. 18 ; quid vellet, p. 3, 1. 14 ; quis 
 obtineret, p. 6, 1. 4 ; quanto . . . essent, 1. 21. 
 
 23 SI repperissent : if they should find, not should have found. 
 The pluperfect subjunctive represents a future perfect of direct 
 discourse. Such a future perfect is commonly translated by 
 the present, and when changed to a pluperfect subjunctive, 
 by the auxiliary should or would, instead of should have, etc. 
 
 7 5 quod cum : translate cum first and quod as the object of sensis- 
 
 sent. Cf. quem cum, p. 3, 1. 5. How is the relative at the 
 beginning of a sentence usually translated? 180, y. 
 
 11 ingenti magnitudine : see specie horribili, p. 6, 1. 9, and note, 
 eo conslllo : explained by the following words. 
 
 12 ne quis: 105, d; H. 455, i. 
 
 15 doctus est : the subject is lason. 
 
 16 navem solvit : see p. 4, 11. 17 and 22. 
 
 8 I brevi spatio : compare post breve tempns, p. 2, 1. 15. 
 
 7 negabat . . . esse: see negaret . . . esse, p. 5,]. 21, and note. 
 9 traditiirum : notice the omission of esse, as often in compound 
 
 forms of the infinitive. 
 10 perfecisset : riot should have performed. See repperissent, p. 6, 
 
 1. 23, and note. * 
 
 12 ostendit : the subject is Aeetes. 
 
80 NOTES: THE ARGONAUTS. 
 
 Page 
 S 15 serendi : what is to be supplied ? 
 
 21 eo ips5 consilio : with this very purpose. Compare eo ConsUio, 
 p. 7, 1. 1 1, and note, 
 quae . . . essent : the same phrase, p. 6, 1. 13, where see note. 
 9 I quod . . . aleret: of such a kind as to nourish. 319,2; H. 
 500, I; F. 432, 3, b, and 433. quod alebat would mean, which 
 nourished. , 
 
 13 nihil . . . valere; could not withstand. What literally ? 
 15 omnibus aspicientibus = in omnium conspectu. 
 
 10 I sparsit: had scattered ; the perfect tense is very commonly used 
 
 after postquam, ubi, and ut (all translated when), but most 
 often it is to be rendered as a pluperfect. 
 4 rem evenisse : depends on c5gnovit. 
 
 ita . . . ut : just as. 
 10 cum: since, with vellet. 
 
 20 si . . . mansisset: if she should remain. Compare si per- 
 fecisset, p. 8, 1. 10, and note. 
 
 11 4 avectiiTum: esse omitted. Compare traditiirum, p. 8, 1. 9, and 
 
 note. 
 9 qui . . . essent: to s^rve. What literally? Compare qui 
 consuleret, p. 2, 1. 17, and note. 
 praesidio navi : as a guard for the ?hip. 233, a ; H. 390. 
 20 dum . . . dormit : compare dum facit, p. 3, 1. ^, and note. 
 So dum . . . geruntur, below, 1. 23. 
 
 12 4 quae . . . essent: see the same phrase, p. 6, 1. 13, and note; 
 
 also p. 8, 1. 21. 
 maturandum sibi : that they ought to hasten. 232 ; H. 388 ; 
 
 F. 465 and 466. 
 17 inimico . . . a.nim^: unfriendly towards them. 251; H. 419, II. 
 20 hoc dolore : with anger at this. 
 
 13 I minimum . . . caperentur : it was a very little way off but 
 
 that they should be captured ; in English, they were within a 
 
 very little of being captured. Compare note on p. 6, 1. 13. 
 2 longius . . . posset : it was not longer between than whither 
 
 u. javelin could be thrown ; in Englisl), the interval was not 
 
 greater than a javelin-cast. 
 4 loco : not place. 
 9 eo consilio : compare p. 7, 1. 11, and note. 
 
NOTES: ULYSSES. 81 
 
 Pagb 
 
 13 13 ita . . . ut : compare p. 10, 1. 4, and note. 
 
 ubi primum : compare, in the same sense, simul atque, p. 6, 
 1. 16. 
 17 prius . . . quam : until. When priusquam is thus divided, 
 translate the two parts with the last verb. 
 
 14 I Obtinebat : see p. i,\. 3, and note. 
 
 4 traditurum : what is to be supplied ? See p. 8, 1. 9, and note. 
 9 liceat . . . vivam : let me, therefore, as long as I live. 
 10 discessero : when I shall have departed, would be clumsy 
 English. 
 
 12 rogasset : for rogavisset. 
 
 13 aegre tulit : where has aegre ferebat occurred ? 
 
 16 aetate . . . confectum.: where has this phrase o(y;urred .' 
 
 17 neqiie : do not translate nor. 
 
 19 Ms auditis = his rebus auditis. 
 
 15 5 vos Ksubject erf facietis, and emphasized by ipsae in the next 
 
 line. 
 
 13 quibus: with iisa erat. 249; H. 421, 1; F. 361. 
 
 14 postquam . . . ezpectavenint: see postquam sparsit, p. 10, 
 
 1. I, and note. 
 
 23 cum vidisset, lason constituit : mark the difference between 
 
 the Latin order and the English. We say, when Jason saw 
 (had seen), he determined ; the Latin puts the subject in the 
 second clause and leaves it to be understood with the first. 
 Compare doctus est . . . lason solvit, p. 7, 1. 1 5- 
 
 24 eo consilio, ut : find two previous instances. 
 
 16 3 ultiiram : what is to be supplied .' Find a similar instance. 
 13 e vita excessit : find e vita discessero. 
 
 26 delapsa . . . oppressit: careened and crushed. F. 353,7, 
 
 and c (3). 
 
 ULYSSES. 
 
 18 I Tr5ia . . . capta : when at last Troy was taken by stratagem. 
 F. 388, and l. 
 2 omnibus . . . paratis : when all was ready ; omnibus is neuter. 
 4 solverunt : find a sentence in which navem is expressed as ob- 
 ject. What is the meaning of loosed the ship .' 
 
82 NOTES: ULYSSES. 
 
 Page 
 
 18 5 priidentiae : the first meaning is foresight. What is the com- 
 
 position ? 
 12 patriae . . . videndae : to see his country and his wife. 
 
 14 progress! sunt : i.e., Ulysses and his companions. 
 
 15 aliae . . . partis : some in one way and some another. What 
 
 literally? 
 18 ancoris iactis: see the expression for the opposite, p. 7, 1. 16. 
 ig qui . . . referrent : a purpose clause. See qui consuleret, 
 
 p. 2, 1. 17, and note. 
 20 at : connects referrent and cognoscerent. 
 
 quails . . . reglonls : what the character of that country was. 
 
 Compare quae causa esset, p. 2, 1. 12, and note. 
 22 quibusdam . . . f acti : having met certain of the inhabitants. 
 
 What is the case of quibusdam ? 228, b. 
 
 25 quern : refers to f riictii. 
 
 26 gnstassent : for gustavlssent. Compare rogasset, p. 14, 1. 12, 
 
 and note. 
 
 19 I mansiiros : find other examples of esse omitted. 
 
 3 cum . . . exspectasset : after waiting. Do not think that a 
 
 temporal clause with cum must always be translated in one 
 way. Find other forms like exspectasset. 
 
 4 veritus : is this to be translated having feared? See p. 2, 1. 15, 
 
 and note. 
 
 5 nonniillos e reliquis = nonnullos rellquorum. Compare qui- 
 
 busdam ex Incolis, p. 18, 1. 22. 
 12 re infecta : without accomplishing their object. 
 
 16 invitos : the opposite of sponte sua in the preceding line. 
 
 20 5 dum mirantur : is this to be translated, while they wonder ? 
 
 Find other examples of dum and the present followed by the 
 perfect or imperfect. 
 8 humana specie, etc. : ablative descriptive of monstrum. 251 ; 
 H. 419, II. 
 
 21 4 sibi . . . praecavendum esse : that he ought to be very guarded. 
 
 What literally .' 232 ; H. 388 ; F. 465, 3, and 466. 
 12 hac tam horribili: do not translate, this so horrible, which is 
 
 not English, but so horrible a. 
 15 arbitratus: to be translated having thought? See veritus, 
 
 p. 19, 1. 4, and note. 
 
NOTES: ULYSSES. 83 
 
 Page 
 
 22 15 in eo erat ut : he was on the.point of. 
 
 19 nihil sibi profuturum : that it would be of no use to them. 
 
 20 si interfecisset : is this to be rendered, if he shonld have killed? 
 
 Find other examples that have been commented on. 
 24 loco : see p. 13, 1. 4, and note. 
 
 23 4 tertium : a third time. 
 
 11 quam petiimus facultatem = facultatem quam petiimus. 
 ne . . . omittamus : let us not lose. 
 
 13 extremum palum =: extremam pali partem. 
 
 16 quod necesse fuit : necessarily. Literally, « thing which was 
 
 necessary. The reference is to what follows. See p. 13, 1. 16. 
 
 17 dum . . . errat : groping his way. What literally? See p.i 20, 
 
 1. 5, and note. 
 
 24 7 obstriicta erat : the subject is to be drawn from porta, 
 g ut . . . venerat : the mood shows that ut means when. 
 
 12 omnem spem . . . poni : that all hope of safety depended on cun- 
 
 ning rather than courage. 
 
 18 postquam imposuit : is this to be translated, when he placed? 
 
 See postquam sparsit, p. 10, 1. 1, and note. 
 24 navi praesidio : see p. 11, 1. 9, and note. 
 
 25 3 in horas : hourly. 
 
 4 id quod erat : as was really true. 
 
 15 etsi . . . submergerentur : although they came near being 
 drowned. What literally } Find this idiom in two preceding 
 passages and the notes on them. 
 
 20 hie : an adverb, here. 
 
 vasto antro = vasto in antro. 
 
 26 2 sibi proflciscendum : that he must set out. 
 
 4 iam profectiiro : as he was just going to set out. 
 
 6 Zephyrum : what would have been the effect if Aeolus had put 
 Zephyrus in with the other winds ? What if Zephyrus alone 
 had been put into the sack ? What if none had been shut up ? 
 
 g omnibus . . . paratis: see p. 18, 1. 2, and note. 
 
 14 lassitiidine confectus : compare aetate confectus, p. 14, 1. 17. 
 
 For a different meaning of confectus, see p. 24, 1. 22. 
 
 21 velut agmine facto : as if with battle line formed. 
 
 22 qua data porta = qua data est porta : where the gate was 
 
 opened. 
 
84 NOTES: THE SEVEN KINGS OF ROME. 
 
 Page 
 
 27 I quo in loco res esset : what the state of affairs wa4. What 
 literally ? Find two previous instances of loco thus used. 
 g egrediendum esse : that they ought to disembark. 
 17 alter! : depends on praeesset to be supplied from the next line. 
 19 uter : why not quis ? What is the exact meaning of uter ? 
 
 29 2 si quid gravius ei accldisset : if any misfortune should befall him 
 
 (Ulysses) ; literally, tf anything heavier. See note on p. 7, 1. 1 2. 
 5 ei licere : that he might, that is, Eurylochus. 
 
 7 in viam se dedit : set out. 
 
 8 aliquantum itineris : where before ? 
 
 14 iam intrantem : as he was in the act of entering. 
 
 17 vis : from volo. 
 
 22 tetigerit : it would be clumsy English to translate shall have 
 
 touched. ' 
 26 tennem: with auram; such a straddle of the adjective and 
 
 noun is extremely common. 
 
 30 13 quidquam : anything whatever ; aliquid, anything. Quidquam 
 
 is used after a negative ; here after neque. 
 24 se . . . factiiram : take the words in this order : se factiiram 
 omnia quae ille imperasset. 
 imperasset : should command. Point out other examples of 
 such contracted forms. 
 
 31 2 de rebus suis : about what had happened to them. 
 
 7 qui . . . diceret : not, who said. What kind of a relative clause ? 
 
 Point out other instances. 
 16 ei persuasum sit : he was persuaded ; literally, it was persuaded 
 to him. 
 
 32 3 subeunda erant : had to be braved. 
 
 4 quae : object of perscribere in the next line. 
 
 5 longum est : it would be tedious. 
 
 ROMANI IMPERI EXORDIUM. 
 
 33 I Albanorum: find on the map Alba Longa, a short distance 
 
 southeast of Rome. 
 2 Numitori : what is the effect of putting it first ? Observe that, 
 as Numitori is followed by a clause enclosed by commas, it 
 must belong in construction with regnum reliquit. 
 
NOTES: THE SEVEN KINGS OF ROME. 85 
 
 Page 
 
 33 2 natu maior : greater by birth = the elder. 
 
 3 pulso fratre regnavit : drove out his brother and reigned. 
 
 4 Vestae : a goddess worshiped in every house as the guardian 
 
 of the home, and also publicly as the guardian of the 
 city. 
 
 5 ea re cognita Amulius : when Amulius learned of this. 
 
 6 ipsam : herself, i.e., the mother. 
 
 alveo impositos abiecit : he put into a tub and cast. F. 353, 7, 
 and c (3). 
 
 7 forte : as it chanced. 
 
 1 1 libera . . . admovit : applied her teats to their mouths. 
 ]natrenil[ue se gessit : and acted as a mother. 
 
 12 cum : since ; in this sense followed by the subjunctive. 
 
 13 re animadversa : noticing the circumstance. Observe now how 
 
 the ablative absolute has been translated in lines 3, 5, and 
 here. Avoid rendering it literally. 
 
 14 educandos : agrees with eos, to be brought up. 
 
 15 adulti deinde hi: afterwards, when they /had grown up. 
 
 16 auxere : for the more common form auxerunt. 
 
 17 a rapina pecorum : from seizing their flocks. 
 
 qua re cum : when on this account. Expect to find the imper- 
 fect and pluperfect tenses in the subjunctive in narration 
 after cum, but render the subjunctive as if it were indicative. 
 
 20 quis asset: an' indirect question. Often the subjunctive in an 
 
 indirect question must be translated as if it were indicative. 
 eorum: their, i.e., of Romulus and Remus. 
 
 21 mater : supply asset. 
 
 armatis pastoribus . . . properavit : imitate the manner of 
 
 translating pulso fratra regnavit, 1. 3, and note. 
 Albam : see note on Albanorum, 1. 1. 
 24 Numitoris agros : from this it appears that Numitor, after be- 
 ing dethroned, had turned husbandman. 
 
 34 I Numitori : do not mistake for an ablative. 
 
 supplicium : mark the derivation and primary meaning. 
 
 2 cum . . . compararet : when Numitor came to compare. The 
 
 looks of the youth made Numitor think of Remus, whom, we 
 
 are to suppose, he had not seen since his babyhood ; his age 
 
 corresponded, and he had the manly bearing (minime ser- 
 
86 NOTES: THE SEVEN KINGS OF ROME. 
 
 Page 
 
 34 vilem indolem) that the fond grandfather imagined Remus 
 
 would have. 
 
 4 haud procul erat quin : he was not far from ; literally, it was 
 
 not far off but that he. 
 
 5 oris lineamentis : in his features ; literally, in respect to the 
 
 lines of his face. 
 
 6 ea res dum : begin with dum. 
 
 7 anxium teoet : was troubling. 
 
 supervenit . . . liberat . . . restituit : the present for increased 
 vividness, just as in English. 
 
 8 interempto Amulio : see noteonarmatis pastoribus, p. 33, 1. 21. 
 
 11 orta . . . contentione : imitate the manner of translating ea re 
 
 cognita, p. 33, 1. 5, note. 
 
 12 uter : why not quis ? 
 
 13 auspicia : study the word carefully in the vocabulary. From 
 
 very early times men sought to know the will of the gods by 
 observing the flight of the larger lone-flying birds, as the 
 eagle, vulture, hawk. 
 
 16 ciiius . . . cum : when Remus, ridiculing its slenderness. The 
 natural place for cum, as for the relative, is first in the 
 sentence ; but cum has to give up the first place to the rela- 
 ■ tive, when both are used. 
 
 18 sic deinde : supply pereat ; so hereafter may he perish. 
 
 ROMULUS, ROMANORUM REX PRIMUS. 
 
 22 in proximo : near by, that is, between the two summits of the 
 Capitoline Hill. The foundation of Rome was on the Pala- 
 tine Hill. See the relative positions of the Palatine and 
 Capitoline on the map of Rome, 
 asylum: appositive to hunc (liicum). We have borrowed the 
 word but changed its application. It meant a sacred place to 
 which fugitives from revenge or justice could flee, and be 
 protected by the sanctity of the place. The Jews had "cities 
 of refuge." See Numbers xxxv. 13-15. 
 
 24 uxores : object of haberent, made emphatic by its position, 
 ipse : Romulus. See ipsam, p. 33, 1. 6, and note. 
 
 25 qui . . . peterent : to ask for. 317, 2 ; H. 497, I ; F. 433. 
 
NOTES: THE SEVEN KINGS OF ROME. 87 
 
 Pagb 
 
 34 25 conubium : the right of intermarriage was made the subject of 
 
 treaty between different tribes. 
 
 35 2 additum : what is to be supplied ? 
 
 4 aegiitiidinem animi : mortification. 
 
 5 indici . . . iubet : orders notice of the show to be proclaimed. 
 spectaculum : subject accusative of indici. 
 
 6 convenere : compare auxere, p. 33, 1. 16, and note. 
 
 studio . . . urbis : from eagerness to see the new city as well 
 
 (as the games), 
 videndae novae urbis = videndi novam urbem. 
 
 7 Sabini : see on the map of Italy where the Sabines dwejt. 
 
 8 eo : ad spectaculum. 
 
 9 discurrunt . . . rapiunt : on the tense, compare supervenit and 
 
 liberat, p. 34, 1. 7, and note. 
 13 petltum : supine to express purpose, 302 and R ; H. 546 ; F. 476. 
 
 huius: huius virginis. 
 15 si . . . perdiizisset : if she would lead, not had led. 
 18 quibus dolose promissTs : translate by a clause denoting time. 
 25 cuius interitu : by his fall. Notice that a relative word at the 
 
 beginning of a sentence must commonly be translated by a 
 
 demonstrative or personal pronoun. How did you translate 
 
 quibus, 1. 18 ? 
 consternati : translate as a verb coupled with coeperunt by et. 
 
 Compare impositos abiecit, p. 33, 1. 6, and note. 
 28 longe aliud . . . aliud, one thing . . . quite another. We put the 
 
 emphasis on the second aliud, the Romans on the first. 
 
 36 2 crinibus passis : they had let down their hair as a sign of grief. 
 
 4 concilianint = conciliaverunt. 
 
 5 et : best omitted in translating. The Latin uses et . . . et much 
 
 oftener than we do both ■ ■ . and. A good way to translate is 
 to suppress the first et and render the second by and also. 
 
 6 non . . . post : not very long afterwards. 
 
 7 OCCiso Tatio : do not translate, Tatius having been killed, but, 
 
 Tatius was killed and, as on p. 33, 1. 3. 
 
 8 quorum consilio : in orier that by their advice. Compare qui 
 
 . . . peterent, p. 34, 1. 25, and note ; also ciiius interitii, p. 35, 
 1. 25, and note. 
 II cum: while. 
 
88 NOTES: THE SEVEN KINGS OF ROME. 
 
 Pacb 
 
 36 1 1 ad : for the purpose of. 
 
 12 in camp5 : in a plain which came to be called Campus Martius. 
 It lay outside the ancient city. See map of Rome. It is now 
 covered with buildings. 
 15 cui fecit: to which thing fulius Proculus made belief; in English, 
 
 a thing which fulius Proculus caused to be believed. 
 18 visum : supply esse and take Romulum as subject-accusative. 
 Note the emphasis on visum from its position, actually seen. 
 eundem : and that he. 
 forma: 251 and a; H. 419, II. 
 
 20 futunim (esse) : dependent on adfirmans, that it would come 
 
 to pass. 
 
 21 constituta . . . cultus : what is to be supplied? 
 
 NUMA POMPILIUS, ROMANORUM REX SECUNDUS. 
 
 23 vir . . . religione : for the ablative compare forma, p. 36, 1. 18, 
 
 and note. 
 
 24 Curibus, ex oppido : from Cures, u town. See its position 
 
 northeast of Rome. 
 
 25 qui cum : on the translation of qui, see note on p, 35, 1. 25. On 
 
 the position of cum see ciiius . . . cum, p. 34, 1. 16, and note, 
 nt . . . mitigaret : does not express the purpose of venisset, 
 but of the clause sacra plurima instituit. Nothing is com- 
 moner than for an ut-<:lause to precede the principal. 
 
 37 I ignem . . . alendum: like eos . . . educandos in construction, 
 
 P- 33. 1- '4- 
 
 perpetuo : do not render perpetually, but constantly ; another 
 example, like asylum, of a word changing its meaning in 
 passing from one language to another. Be on your guard as 
 to words identical, or nearly identical, in form m Latin and 
 English. 
 3 adornavit : not here adorned ; see preceding note. 
 
 dicitur : the subject remains the same, i.e., Numa. 
 
 7 et : connects docuit and promisit. 
 
 8 se : subject-accusative of datiinim esse. 
 
 10 delabitur : on the tense, see supervenit and liberal, p. 34, 1. 7, 
 and note. 
 
NOTES: THE SEVEN KINGS OF ROME. 89 
 
 Page 
 
 37 14 qui . . . custodirent: to guard. Find two preceding examples 
 
 of this construction. 
 
 15 Kalendis Martiis: as the year began with March and the 
 
 Calends of March were the first day of the month, this was 
 New Year's Day. 
 
 18 portas : there were two, one at each end of an arched passage- 
 way. 
 lano gemino: Janus was represented with two faces turned in 
 opposite directions, looking to the past and the future. From 
 him January was named. He was the god of all beginnings, 
 the guardian of gates, doors, entrances, and passages. 
 
 ig esset: namely, Janus. 
 
 apertus : in sense referring to portas, grammatically to lano, 
 here identified with the passage-way. 
 
 20 clausus : this did not happen after Numa till the end of the 
 first Punic War, B.C. 241, a period supposed to be about 400 
 years. 
 
 23 maiorem . . . auctoritatem : such inclusions of words and 
 
 phrases between an adjective and a noun are very common; 
 attention to this will often help you to see the sense more 
 quickly. 
 
 24 eius monitii : by her advice. 
 
 25 se, etc. : the order is se facere omnia, 
 quern medium: the middle of which. ^ 
 
 26 perenni ligabat aqua : observe the order, and see note on 1. 23, 
 
 above. 
 
 27 inferebat : what is the force of the tense ? 
 
 30 quidem: do not translate 'indeed' a poor word. 
 
 38 I exstinctus: see note on consternati, p. 35, 1. 25. 
 
 2 lanlculo: see its position across\the Tiber on the map of Rome. 
 
 TULLUS HOSTILIUS, ROMANORUM REX TERTIUS. 
 
 8 ducibus . . . placuit : the Latin way of saying the leaders re- 
 solved ; a common idiom. 
 
 11 pro . . . patria : in the English order, quisque pro sua patria.. 
 
 12 ea lege : on these terms ; points to the following clause. 
 
 16 terni: how do terni and tres differ.' 
 
90 NOTES: THE SEVEN KINGS OF ROME. 
 
 Page 
 
 38 i8 increpuere : on the form of the perfect, see note on auxere, 
 
 p. 33, 1. 1 6. First they hurled their spears, which clashed 
 
 against the shields. 
 arma : subject, 
 micantes . . . gladil : on the order, compare perenni rigabat 
 
 aqua, p. 37, 1. 26, and note on p. 37, 1. 23. 
 
 20 alius super alium : better alter super alterum. Why? 
 
 21 volnerati: est and sunt are often to be supplied. Compare 
 
 additum, p. 35, 1. 2, and note. 
 23 deserebat : how does the force of the imperfect here differ from 
 that of inferebat, p. 37, 1. 27 ? 
 
 39 2 ratus : not, having thought. 290, b; H. 550, note i. 
 3 ubi pugnatum est : where the fight took place. 
 
 S dum . . . inclamat : translate Inclamat as an imperfect. 
 
 Compare dum . . . tenet, p. 34, 1. 6, and note. 
 9 lam: the two meanings of this word are perfectly illustrated in 
 1. 2 (already) and here (at last). The word does not mean 
 simply now, like nunc, 
 singuli : one on each side. 
 supererant : not from supero, but from supersum. 
 
 11 fessum, etc.: in English order, trahebat corpus fessum. 
 
 12 male sustinentem arma : who was hardly able to bear his arms. 
 
 Justify this translation. 
 
 13 conficit : regularly means make an end of; the con, therefore, 
 
 means completely. 
 iacentem spoliat : strips him of his arms as he lies prostrate. 
 The Latin expresses it in two words. 
 
 16 cui . . . soror : him his sister met. 
 
 17 viso : translate as if it were videns. 
 
 iS crinis solvere : compare crinibus passis, p. 36, 1. 2, and note, 
 ig movet: mark the emphasis on the verb by its unusual 
 
 position. 
 21 increpans : mark the very different sense of this word on p. 38, 
 
 1. 18. 
 23 SIC eat : thus perish ; eat is present subjunctive of eo. 
 
 quaecumque Romana = omnis Romana quae. 
 25 atr5x: to feel the force of the order, translate as the words 
 
 stand : awful seemed the deed to patricians and plebeians. 
 
NOTES: THE SEVEN KINGS OF ROME. 91 
 
 Page , 
 
 39 ay lictor . . . laqueum : not to hang him, but to bind him to a 
 
 stake preparatory to scourging and beheading. One function, 
 then, of the lictors was to execute judgment; another was to 
 precede high magistrates in public, serving as policemen, but 
 instead of a club they carried on their shoulder a bundle of 
 rods bound up with an axe. The king had twelve lictors. 
 a8 ad populum provocavit : not for pity, but to reverse the sen- 
 tence, which the people had a right to do. 
 
 40 3 orbum liberis faceret : make him childless. What literally ? 
 
 non tulit : could not bear. 
 8 tigillum sororium : the " Sister's Beamy 
 II ut . . . corrigeret : expresses the purpose of concitavit; see 
 ut . . . mitigaret, p. 36, 1. 25, and note. 
 
 15 qua re Tullus intellecta : Tullus, understanding his purpose. 
 
 What literally ? 
 
 16 suo . . . facere: in English order, Mettium facere illud suo 
 
 iiissu ; but the Latin order throws emphasis upon suo, which 
 is the important word. Notice in suo illud iussu the fondness 
 of the Latin for thrusting a word between an adjective and a 
 noun, as already remarked. ' See perenni rigabat aqua, p. 37, 
 1. 26, and note. This is an extreme case. 
 
 ig in diversa : asunder. 
 
 22 minis : from the downfall ; primary meaning of ruina. 
 
 28 militiae quam domi: 258, ^,d; H. 426, 2. 
 
 41 2 fracti . . . sunt : the subject is spiritus. 
 
 ANGUS MARCIUS, ROMANORUM REX ^UARTUS. 
 
 7 aequitate et religione : injustice and piety, ablative of respect. 
 II qui . . . repeteret : see qui peterent, p. 34, 1. 25, and note. 
 14 capite Velato : the Romans often covered the head in prayer 
 and sacrifice. Mr. D'Ooge quotes from Conington's transla- 
 tion of Vergil, Aen. III., 405-407. 
 
 " Ere yet you light your altars, spread 
 A purple covering o'er your head. 
 Lest, sudden bursting on your sight. 
 Some hostile presence mar the rite." 
 
92 NOTES: THE SEVEN KINGS OF ROME. 
 
 Page 
 
 41 i6 verbis meis fides sit : let my words be heeded ; what literally ? 
 21 repetenti : dative of the present participle agreeing with legato. 
 
 Translate who demanded restitution (res) . 
 24 cum: since. On the mood following see p. 33, 1. 12, and 
 note. 
 43 2 in media urbe : in the middle of the city. Compare quern 
 medium, p. 37, 1. 25. 
 ad terrorem: to overawe ;, aA denoting purpose, as often. See 
 ad, p. 36, 1. II, and note. 
 
 3 Idem : he likewise. 
 
 4 laniculum montem: the hill Janiculum. See its position on 
 
 the map of Rome. 
 
 LUCIUS TARQUINIUS PRISCUS, ROMANORUM 
 REX QUINTUS. 
 
 8 Tarquinils . . . urbe : like Curibus, ex oppido, p. 36, 1. 24, and 
 note. For the position of Tarquinii, northwest of Rome, in 
 Etruria, see map of Italy. 
 
 10 advenienti : present participle; supply ei; as he was coining, an 
 eagle bore off his cap ; literally, yir him. 
 
 13 sublimis: on high. Compare laetus, joyfully, p. 37, 1. 8; also 
 silentes, in silence, p. 37, 1. 9. So often a Latin adjective is 
 best translated by an adverb or an adverbial phrase. 
 
 15 excelsa et alta: an exalted and noble destiny. The adjectives 
 are in the neuter plural without any noun understood, but 
 we are compelled in translation to add a noun. 
 
 19 a quo . . . intercepit : and when left by him guardian to his 
 
 children, he (Tarquinius) usurped the throne. 
 
 20 ita : best omitted in translation. 
 
 adeptus asset : what is the object to be supplied .? 
 43 I addixissent : should be favorable, not had been. See si . . . per- 
 diixisset, p. 35, 1. 15, and note. 
 2 in experlmentum : to make trial; in used to denote purpose, 
 like ad, p. 36,1. 11. 
 fierlne posset : whether that could be done. 
 4 atqui : Professor Rolfe happily translates, " Oh, but." 
 
NOTES: THE SEVEN KINGS OF ROME. 93 
 
 Page 
 
 43 8 praetexta : an adjective, with toga understood and meaning 
 
 bordered toga. For an illustration of the toga praetexta, see 
 " First Latin Book," p. 191. The praetexta had a broad pur- 
 ple border. The next sentence implies that before this inci- 
 dent boys had been differently dressed. 
 
 bulla : a round golden ornament, hung about the neck. 
 
 ingenuorum : emphatic, for similar ornaments, but made of 
 leather, were worn by children who were not born free. 
 
 13 Simula ta rlxa : pretending to quarrel. What literally? 
 quorum clamor cum : on the translation of the relative, see note 
 
 on p. 35, 1. 25 ; on the position of cum, see p. 34, 1. 16, andnote. 
 
 14 vocati : on the way of translating, see consternati, p. 35, 1. 25, 
 
 and note. 
 
 15 at certatim . . . obstrepere : and to cry out against each other 
 
 vehemently. What literally ? 
 
 17 dum . . . avertit : dum is regularly followed by the present 
 
 tense, though the time of the act belongs to the past. Several 
 examples have already occurred. Notice dum avertit, deiecit. 
 Render avertit as if it were avertebat ; while the king was 
 turning away wholly attentive to him. 
 
 18 elatam . . . deiecit : another example of the participle best 
 
 rendered by a verb and coupled by et to the following verb ; 
 raised his axe and brought it down upon his head. What 
 literally ? 
 
 SERVIUS TULLIUS, ROMANORUM REX SEXTUS. 
 
 22 nobili: of noble birth, the usual meaning ; not noble as we com- 
 
 monly use the word. See note on perpetuo, p. 37, 1. i. 
 qui cum : while he. See note on quorum, etc., 1. 13. 
 
 23 visii eventuque : in appearance and result. The ablatives are 
 
 like aequitate et religione, p. 41, 1. 7. 
 23 summam ei dignitatem : do not be confused by words thrust 
 in between an adjective and a noun. See suo illud iiissu, 
 p.i 40, 1. 16, and note. 
 
 44 I ei . . . portend! : compare p. 42, 1. 14. 
 
 5 militibus . . . dimicantibus : as the soldiers fought with too 
 little spirit. 
 
94 NOTES: THE SEVEN KINGS OF ROME. 
 
 Page 
 
 44 5 signum: see illustrations on p. 105 of the "First Latin Book.'' 
 II grave quidem: serious, it is true.' See p. 37, 1. 30, and note. 
 
 13 dicto audientes essent : be obedient to. 
 
 15 montis : not mountains, but low hills. 
 
 16 idem : see p. 42, 1. 3, and note. 
 
 21 factum . . . ferebat : tradition said had been built. What 
 
 literally ? With factum supply esse. 
 
 22 et ipsi : they too. 
 cum : in common with. 
 
 24 nata : supply esse. It is extremely common to find esse omitted 
 in the compound forms of the infinitive, both active and pas- 
 sive. Compare factum, for factum esse, 1. 21 ; also, imme- 
 diately following, datum, for datum esse : habiturum, for 
 habiturum esse. 
 
 27 immolasset: see si . . . perdiizisset, p. 35, 1. 15, and note. 
 
 45 13 COniugem . . . salutavit : called her husband out of the senate, 
 
 and was the first to greet him as king. F. 353, 7 and 3 (c). 
 
 14 cuius iiissu : at his order. 
 
 16 cunctantem : when he hesitated. 
 
 TARQUINIUS SUPERBUS, ROMANORUM REX SEPTIMUS 
 ET ULTIMUS. 
 
 h 
 
 22 Gabios : see its position nearly east of Rome. 
 4G 3 pliirimum posset : could very much ; had great influence. 
 
 "And they (the French) can well on horseback." — Ham. IV., 7, 1. 83. 
 
 4 sciscitatum: see petitum, p. 35, 1. 13, and note. 
 8 fessus exspectando : tired of waiting. 
 
 12 Ardeam : see its position south of Rome. 
 
 13 sorore . . . natus: son of the king's sister. 244; H. 415, II. 
 
 15 cum . . . laudaret : since each one praised his own wife. 
 
 16 placuit: they resolved. What literally? See note on p. 38, 1. 8. 
 
 18 Collatiam : see its position a little way from Rome to the east. 
 
 19 lanae deditam : literally, given up to wool; busily spinning. 
 
 24 in exitium: for the ruin; in denoting purpose. Compare in 
 experimentum, p. 43, 1. 2, and note. 
 
NOTES: FABLES. 95 
 
 Pagb 
 
 47 -^ eos : object of venum dare. 
 
 se velle : that she wished, dependent on dicebat. 
 
 3 atque immensum : and in fact an excessive price. 
 
 7 et legem interrogavit : translate before the clause beginning 
 
 ecquid. 
 
 10 id ipsum : explained by the following clause. 
 
 15 sad . . . constitit : but it is certain that that woman, after 
 
 going away then from Tarquin, was not seen anywhere. 
 
 16 nusquam loci: 216, 4; H^ 397, 4. 
 visam : what is to be supplied ? 
 
 18 piiblice : noi publicly. See note on perpetuo, p. 37, 1. i. 
 
 FABLES. 
 
 48 I praetereunti : present participle from praetereo. 141 ; H. 295; 
 
 F. p. 237. 
 
 2 inquit : always placed after one or more of the words quoted. 
 
 4 locus et tempus : thought of as one thing and hence followed 
 
 by the singular, reddit. 
 
 8 ne . . . contemnamus : not to despise. 
 bonum : an adjective used as a noun, advantage. 
 
 g alia et fortasse maiora : supply bona. 
 
 11 conquerebatur : do not confound queror, complain, with 
 
 quaero, seek. 
 
 12 negata esset : had been denied to her (as she said). The in- 
 
 dicative would have meant had (in fact) been denied to her. 
 321; H. 516. 
 14 bona : the subject-accusative of conferri. See also note on 
 bonum, 1. 8. 
 
 49 2 mihi . . . animo : to me it is not in mind ; in English, I do not 
 
 intend. 
 
 3 dulcia tutis : both adjectives in the neuter plural used as nouns. 
 
 In English we have to say sweet things to safe things ; that is, 
 what is pleasant to what is safe. 
 
 5 arcebat : why is the imperfect used here and in the preceding 
 
 line, rather than the perfect ? 
 ista : that {of yours), \oi c ; F, 304,/ 
 
 6 quod : in that. 
 
96 NOTES: FABLES. 
 
 Page 
 
 45) 6 pateris : second person singular from patior. 
 9 ei : supply leoni ; translate one. 
 
 11 conspicata : when she had seen. 
 quidem : it is true, or, to be sure. 
 
 12 tertid illi obviam facta: on meeting him a third time. 
 ausa : perfect participle feminine from audeo. 
 
 14 ne . . . incede : very well for a crab, but he should have said 
 
 ne . . . incedas. 
 
 13 recta via : not by the right road, but in a straight line. 
 
 16 respondit : placed like inquit. See note on inquit, p. 48, 1. j.. 
 18 adulescentiam : subject-accusative of instrui. 
 
 50 I pascebantur : do not translate /*■</, but used to feed. 
 
 5 quantum boni : what great advantage. 
 
 7 dum . . . movet : see note on dura avertit, p. 43, 1. 17. 
 celerius: too quickly. The comparative must sometimes be 
 
 rendered too, quite, or rather. 
 
 12 ei : for her. 
 
 13 ovum pariebat aureum : notice the order. 
 
 illam = illam gallinam and is subject-accusative of celare. 
 
 15 repperit: the present would be repetit. 
 
 16 quod = id quod, dum . . . inhiat : see note on dum movet, 1. 7. 
 minores : supply the Latin noun in the prope^form. 
 
 17 ne . . . interflcite: better, ne interflciatis. See ne incede, 
 
 p. 49, 1. 14, and note. 
 
 18 quidquam: why not aliquid? quidquam means aziy//;;;?^ «/«//, 
 
 and is used after negatives. 
 
 19 propter hoc ipsum : for this very reason. 
 
 20 cum : though. 
 
 51 3 conspicata : translate by the present participle. Compare con- 
 
 spicata, p. 49, 1. II. 
 4 si : to see if. 
 
 6 acerbae : as if uvae had been used. 
 
 eas . . . repertas : them founds if I had found them. 
 
 8 quae se: quae the object of adsequi, se subject-accusative of 
 
 posse. 
 1 1 multis aliis propositis : after many other proposals had been made. 
 omnibu ; placuit : all resolved, or, it was unanimously resolved. 
 What literally.' 
 
NOTES: FABLES. 97 
 
 Fagb 
 
 51 12 ipsos : the subject-accusative of posse. 
 
 13 earn: felem. 
 
 14 quaereretur :- the question was raised. The verb is used imper- 
 
 sonally. 
 
 18 conducit : the present used for the perfect. What is the effect .' 
 
 Give an example in English. 
 
 19 qui . . . extrahat: to pull it out. 317,2; H. ^97, I ; F. 432, 
 
 I and 433. 
 21 subridens: how different from ridens? 
 
 52 I repperit : see note on repperit, p. 50, 1. 1 5. 
 
 3 agricolae : on the farmer, depends on inflixit. 
 5 mail : baU men, or the bad. 
 
 7 praedicabat : v/hat is the force of the imperfect .' 
 
 qui . . . pasceretur: because (as he, the ass, said) he fed; 
 pascebatur wrould mean, he (in fact) fed. Compare negata 
 esset, p. 48, 1. 12, and note. 
 
 8 cum : while, or whereas. 
 
 paleae : depends on satis, straw enough. 
 10 agitur: compare conducit, p. 51, 1. 18, and note. So conla- 
 bitur, 1. 12, below. 
 
 12 me stolidum : Oh, fool that I wqs I 
 
 13 qui . . . aestimaverim : because I judged, or to have judged. 
 
 320, e ; H. 517 ; F. 432, 4 and c. 
 
 15 sibi : may be omitted in translation. 
 
 16 ut fieri solet: as usually happens. What literally ? 
 
 18 quod cum, etc. : on the translation of the relative at the begin- 
 ning of a sentence, see 180, yi H. 453. 
 
 20 esset : translate is ; the imperfect is required in Latin on 
 
 account of the past tense docuit. 
 
 53 2 vivum : about equal to vivere. 
 
 8 qui . . . noluerim : compare qui aestimaverim, p. 52, 1. 13, and 
 note. 
 
 14 deteriore condicione : in a worse state. 
 
 What is the moral of this fable .' 
 
 ig aliquantum viae : some distance. What literally ? 
 
 et . . . et : both ■ . ■ and. 
 SO et secum . . . contemplatus : and pondering on. What literally.? 
 
98 NOTES: FABLES. 
 
 Pace 
 
 63 20 aetatis . . . mala: the evils of old age and want. 
 
 22 quae . . . liberaret : to free him ; compare qui extrahat, 
 p. 51, 1. 19,, and note, 
 ipsum = se, that is, senem. 
 54 2 quern . . . paenitebat : whom it repented ; in English, who 
 repented. What kind of a verb is paenitet ? 
 3 nihil : supply volo. 
 qui : some one to. 
 
 What is the moral of this fable ? 
 
 6 subvolarat : a shortened form for subvolaverat. 
 
 1 1 se valere : that he excelled. 
 
 12 adreptum devoravit : caught up and devoured. 292, R. ; F. 353, 
 
 7 and c (3). 
 IS praeda . . . divisa : when the booty had been divided. 
 
 20 qui . . . voluerit, is sciat : let him know who shall be disposed. 
 se habiturum : supply esse. 
 
 21 facerent: were to do. Mark the force of the subjunctive. 
 65 3 quod : that it. 
 
 7 quarum . . . precibus : by their prayers. 
 
 8 refugere : for the more usual refiigerunt. 
 
 12 piinitiirus : in order to punish. 
 
 a quo cum : and when by it. What literally ? 
 
 13 eas . . . paenituit : compare quern paenitebat, p. 54, 1. 2, and 
 
 note. 
 
 What is the moral of this fable ? 
 
 15 lupos, etc. : order, fingens lupos aggiessos esse suum gregem. 
 17 laturi: future participle of fero. 
 
 19 eum pariter ut antea, etc. : thinking he was fooling just as 
 before ; eum is subject-accusative of liidere. 
 56 2 cani: dative of agent with custodiendum. Translate left for 
 his dog to guard. What literally ? 
 5 dum . . . stttdet : compare dum movet, p. 50, 1. 7, and note. 
 8 accenditur : compare conducit, p. 51, 1. 18, and note. 
 10 restituit : had replaced. After ubi, ut, and postquam, all mean- 
 ing when, the perfect indicative is commonly used, but it is 
 often best rendered by the pluperfect. 
 
NOTES: GAIUS JULIUS CAESAR. 99 
 
 Page 
 
 56 lo occisum: which had been killed. F. 353, 6. and ^ (2). Compare 
 
 adreptum devoravit, p. 54, 1. 1 2, and note. 
 II sera: too late. Compare sero, p. 55. 1. 13. 
 13 simul . . . simul : no sooner sees him . . . than. 
 15 qui . . . voixi&cita: for having wished, though I was born. 
 17 suus : with locus. 
 
 20 se : subject-accusative of avolatiinim (esse). 
 22 te considentemt that you were sitting there. 
 
 57 I duas : with peras. 
 
 2 repletam : alteram peram repletam. 
 
 3 allenis, etc. : (alteram peram) gravem alienis (vitiis). 
 
 4 hac re : for this reason. 
 
 5 simul =: simul ac, as soon as. 
 
 GAIUS lULIUS CAESAR. 
 
 58 I nobilissima . . . familia : mark the fondness of the Latin for 
 thrusting some word or words between an adjective and the 
 noun with which it agrees. 
 
 3 diixit uzorem : took to wife. What Uterally ? 
 ciiius pater cum : since her father. 
 
 4 is : Sulla. 
 
 5 neque : do not translate nor ; say but . . . not. 
 
 qua re . . . cum: when Caesar, robbed of his prof erty on this 
 account. 
 
 8 prope per singulas : almost every. 
 
 9 ne . . . evasit : by giving a bribe he barely escaped being led to 
 
 Sulla. What literally ? 
 12 SuUam . . . expiignatum dizisse : that Sulla at length yielded 
 
 and said. 
 cum . . . contenderent : when he had refused and they continued 
 
 to press their point persistently. 
 14 eum : refers to Caesar and is the subject-accusative of futurum 
 
 (esse), 1. 17. That he whom they so earnestly wished (to be) 
 
 spared would sometime be the *ruin of the aristocratic party 
 
 which they (the interceders) had defended in company with 
 
 him (Sulla). 
 
100 NOTES: GAIUS lULIUS CAESAR. 
 
 Page 
 
 OS ig clarissimo . . . magistro : compare nobilissima . . . familia, 
 1. I, and note. 
 
 59 2 quibus = ut eis pecuniis. 
 
 3 daturum se : se the subject-accusative of daturum (esse). 
 
 4 quibus : supply talentis. 
 
 expositus asset : the subject of this verb and of all the following 
 except aberant and erant is Caesar. In translating, it vfould 
 be well to break this long period into three; end the first 
 with properavit, omit que of ibique, make another period at 
 cepit, then continue, Thus he got the pirates into his power and. 
 8 piratas : object of adfecit and suffixit. 
 
 10 cntcique : que is explanatory, that is. 
 
 12 quo profectus : on his way thither. What literally? 
 
 20 colas : you ought to practice. 
 
 23 causam . . . amicis : to his friends, on their asking the reason. 
 
 27 aedilis : when he was aedile. See the derivation of the word. 
 
 28 venationes : one of the shows in the amphitheatre was the 
 
 hunting of wild beasts. 
 
 60 I his . . . rebus: in this way ; because as aedile he bore the 
 
 enormous expense of these shows. 
 3 miliens sestertium : an abbreviated expression, centena milia 
 
 being omitted. Thus fully expressed, it would be miliens 
 
 centena milia sestertium ; equal to between 14,000,000 and 
 
 $5,000,000. 
 ut haberet nihil : to make him worth just nothing. He joked 
 
 about his debts because he counted on paying them, as he 
 
 afterwards did, through the plunder that he would get from 
 
 public office. 
 7 in re publica : in public affairs. 
 
 1 1 tanta . . . seditio : compare nobilissima . . . familia, 
 
 p. 58, 1. I, and note. 
 
 17 si . . . signarent': whenever they signed any document as 
 
 witnesses. What literally.' 
 
 18 actum (esse) : like our "given" in the sense of drawn up or 
 
 executed. 
 
 19 Klio et Caesare : the Romans were very witty and very fond of 
 
 jokes; consulibus was often omitted, and the year indicated 
 only by the names of the consuls. 
 
NOTES: GAIUS lULIUS CAESAR. 101 
 
 Pagb 
 
 60 19 nomine et cognomine : observe the praenomen and its abbre- 
 
 viation at the beginning of this Life. 
 
 22 gessit: mark the emphatic position; his achievements more- 
 over. 
 
 24 primus : he was the iirst one of Roman commanders to build a 
 bridge over the Rhine and attack the Germans in their own 
 country. 
 
 z6 superatisque : defeated them and ; superatis (Britannis) is 
 dative vfith imperavit. 
 
 27 cum . . . turn : suppress cum in translation and render tum, 
 and especially, 
 
 61 1 quod: I mean that. 
 
 3 aquiliferum . . . comprehensum : the standard-bearer, who^ 
 had already turned to flee, he seized by the throat and. Make 
 a word-for-word rendering without regard to the English, to 
 see if the translation given can be justified. , 
 
 8 vincique . . . docuit : the to be conquered ready {legions) to 
 conquer he taught. What in English? ' 
 
 10 interfecto . . . Crasso : compare nobilissima . . . familia, 
 
 p. 58, 1. I, and note. 
 
 1 1 generi socerique : between son-in-law and father-in-law. 
 
 13 Pompeio suspectae (sunt) : 232, a ; H. 388, i. 
 
 14 gravis : annoying ; predicate adjective with erat understood. 
 
 16 ne . . . discederet : that he might not have to come away. 
 
 17 a ... ei est : his request was refused by the senate through the 
 
 advice of Pomfey and his friends. What literally ? 
 20 Rubiconem : look for this small stream northeast of Rorpe. 
 27 Biundisium : look for it in southeastern Italy. 
 
 62 I Epirum : look for it on the eastern coast of the Adriatic. 
 2 Dyrrachium : look for it nearly opposite Brundisium. 
 
 10 prius . . . quam : translate with the last clause. 
 
 14 ut . . . cognovit : when he learned that he had been killed. 
 
 17 Pontum : see on a map of Asia Minor. 
 
 ig quattuor . . . horis: within four hours from the time when he 
 
 came in sight of him. 
 22 ante . . . quam : that the eitemy was vanquished before he 
 
 was seen. Compare prius . . . quam, 1. 10, and note. 
 27 omnibus : limits ignovit. 
 
102 NOTES: ALCIBIADES. 
 
 Pace 
 
 63 5 quoque: from quisque, each. 
 
 6 convictos : supply eos ; those who were convicted. 
 12 optima quaeque: all the best. 93, c; H. 458, i. 
 ig agentem et meditantem : agree with eum (Caesarem) under- 
 stood, which is the object of praevenit. 
 
 22 quendam, etc. ; order, quendam monentem (eum) ut adsur- 
 
 geret irato voltu respexit. 
 27 coniiiratum . . . est : impersonal, a conspiracy was formed. 
 sezaginta'amplius = amplius sezaginta. 
 
 64 2 ut, etc.: order, orabat ut subsisteret. 
 
 9 adsidentem : that is, eum (C.) adsidentem, following circum- 
 steterunt. 
 
 11 renuenti: supply ei. One, to him {C) re/using, seizes the toga = 
 
 on Caesar's refusal, one seizes his toga. 
 
 12 clamantem: agrees with Caesarem understood, object of toI- 
 
 nerat. 
 ista : that {that you are doing). 
 
 13 adversum: in front, an adjective agreeing with Caesarem 
 
 understood. 
 
 14 adreptum . . . traiecit: seized and stabbed. F. 353, f (3). 
 17 obvolvit: 
 
 "... then burst his mighty heart ; 
 
 And, in his mantle muffling up his face. 
 
 Even at the base of Pompey's statua 
 
 Which all the while ran blood, great Caesar fell." 
 
 23 omnibus, etc.: order, omnibus honoribus decretis sibi a 
 
 senatii populoque. 
 27 iinum: alone. 
 
 ALCIBIADES. 
 
 66 I In h5c . . . experta : translate in this order : natura videtur 
 experta (esse) in hoc (homine) quid possit efflcere. 
 
 3 nihil . . . fuisse = neminem fuisse, depends on constat, it is 
 
 admitted. 
 illo : i.e., Alcibiade. 
 
 4 natus : what form of sum is to be supplied ? 
 
 5 summo genere: of a very noble family. 244, a; H. 415, II. 
 
NOTES: ALCIBIADES. 103 
 
 Page 
 
 66 6 consili : the English word that most resembles a Latin word is 
 
 very often not the one to choose in translation. Here counsel 
 would not be the right word ; say resources, or ability. Com- 
 pare ezcellentius in 1. 4, which means, not more excellent, but 
 more conspicuous. The clauses that follow, through resistere, 
 illustrate the statement that he wasfitfedfor all activities and 
 full of resources. 
 
 7 summus : not to be translated as in 1. 5, but most able. 
 
 8 diseitus : i.e., et tam disertus. 
 
 ut . . . valeret : literally, that he was strong among the foremost 
 in speaking. Improve on this translation. 
 10 cum : whenever. 
 
 12 serviens : adapting himself. 
 
 idem : at the same time, literally, the same man. 
 ig eniditus : study its composition. 
 21 vellet : had wished. 
 
 67 I posset: could have. 
 
 2 tribueret : translate as if it were tribuebat, which Nepos might 
 
 have written. 
 
 3 hiiius consilio : through his advice. 
 
 6 id cum appararetur: while preparations were making for this 
 
 war. What literally ? 
 
 7 hermae : these were square pillars ending at the top in a carved 
 
 head of Hermes (Mercury). They were set up in the streets 
 at the entrances to houses. 
 g ille: i.e., herma. 
 
 10 hoc cum : begin with cum, as in the case of id cum, 1. 6 ; hoc 
 
 is the subjective-accusative of factum esse. Since it appeared 
 that this was not done. 
 appareret: do not confound appareo, appear, with apparo, 
 make ready, 1. 6. 
 
 11 quae . . . ad pertineret : since it concerned. 
 
 13 ne qua . . . vis: that some sedition. 
 
 17 opera forensi : aid in law suits. What literally ? 
 
 18 oculos : object of converteret, he turned. 
 
 19 prodisset : pluperfect subjunctive of prodeo. 
 
 20 par : predicate adjective with poneretur, was thought. 
 
 21 in eo : i.e., Alcibiades ; compare in hoc, p. 66, 1. i. 
 
104 NOTES: ALCIBIADES. 
 
 Pacb 
 
 67 22 plurimum : to be taken with both infinitives. 
 
 24 dicebatur : he was said ; not it was said, which would require 
 eum to be expressed as the subject-accusative of facere. 
 more : according to the feelings, or in the eyes of. 
 id : facere mysteria. 
 
 27 hoc crimine : nearly equal to hac causa, on this ground. 
 
 28 tempus, etc. -. order, tempus proficiscendi ad bellum. 
 
 68 I neque ignorans : and not unacquainted with. 
 
 2 si . . .vellent: if they wished any action taken. What literally ? 
 
 Don't forget that quid after si is anything. Here quid is the 
 subject-accusative of agi. 
 de praesente = de se praesente, about him while he was present. 
 
 3 haberetur : as if ut had followed postulabat. 
 
 invidiae crimine : a charge springing from hatred. What 
 literally ? 
 
 4 quiescendum ^ quiescendum esse sibi and to be taken with 
 
 decreverunt, 1. 6, they decided that it was best to keep, quiet. 
 
 5 noceii . . . posse : that he could not be injured. What literally ]■ 
 
 On noceri ei, see 230 ; H. 465, i. 
 ezspectandum : what Latin words are to be mentally supplied ? 
 
 6 quo exisset : when he should have gone away ; more idiomati- 
 
 cally, till he should go away. 
 8 quod . . . violasset : because, as they charged, he had profaned. 
 321 ; B. 286, I. 
 II essetqu?: the conjunction connects esset with missus esset. 
 In translation drop que and translate as if cum were repeated 
 in the sense of although. 
 prSvinciae : mark this use of provincia in its original sense. 
 
 18 se . . . publicatis : that he had been condemned to death and his 
 
 property confiscated. What literally? 
 
 19 id quod usii venerat : as had actually been done. What literally ? 
 iisii : for iisui, to use, realization. 
 
 21 eius : not his, but a demonstrative with devotionis, which 
 depends on exemplum. 
 exemplum . . . publico : this clause is connected by que in 1. 21. 
 to sacerdotes coactos (esse), and so is part of the object of 
 audivit. , 
 
 24 inimicos : how different from hostis 7 
 
NOTES: ALCIBIABES. 105 
 
 Page 
 
 68 25 intellegerent : the subject is inimici. 
 
 26 se : Alcibiades. 
 
 plurimum prodesse : compare p. 67, I. 22. 
 
 eiecisse : that they (his enemies) had expelled him (Alcibiades). 
 
 What Latin words must therefore be supplied as subject and 
 
 object of eiecisse ? 
 
 27 paruisse : " had been guided by." What literally? 
 
 69 s luo facto : in this way. What literally ? 
 7 neque : but — not. 
 
 his rebus : in consequence of this. 
 sunt facti: the subject is the same as of coeperunt. 
 9 priidentiam : that is, of Alcibiades. 
 10 aliquando : at some time, emphatic. 
 
 12 tempus . . . interficiendi : compare tempus proflciscendi, p. 67, 
 
 1. 28. Here tempus means chance. 
 id : accusative limiting celari. Alcibiades could not very long 
 be kept in the dark about this. 239, d; H. 374, 2, N. ,1. 
 
 13 ea = tall, such. 
 
 17 pervenisset et : et connects pervenisset and videret. 
 
 male . . . crescere : that in cotisequsnce of the bad management of 
 
 Athenian interests in Sicily, t/teir resources were waning, while, 
 
 on the contrary, those of the Lacedaemonians were increasing. 
 
 Give a word-for-word rendering. 
 21 eodem . . . sensii £ order, eodem sensii quo ; quo, as. 
 26 parique . . . praeflcitur : in his absence is invested with equal 
 
 authority. The word simul is unnecessary. 
 
 70 8 neque . . . multas : and as many. 
 
 12 his . . . obviam: to meet these (commanders). 
 
 15 sic . . . persuasum : for thus it was persuaded to the people ; in 
 English, the people believed this, namely that. Y0I the construc- 
 tion compare noceri posse, p. 68, 1. 5, and note. The particle sic 
 points forward to the words following et (both), through opera. 
 
 17 et Siciliam . . . victorias : both Sicily to have been lost, amissam 
 
 (^&&^ and the victories. What in English ? Had the Athenians 
 ever ruled Sicily ? 
 
 18 suae : their own, that is, the Athenians' . 
 
 expulissent: they had, as they said, banished. Compare quod 
 violasset, p, 68, 1. 8, note and grammatical reference. 
 
106 NOTES: ALCIBIADES. 
 
 Page 
 
 70 21 hie ut: when he. 
 
 23 Piraeum: what and where? See a map. 
 
 25 usu venerat : acciderat. See p. 68, 1. 19, and note. 
 
 26 taeniis : " the streamers of the bow that tied the ends of an 
 
 honorary crown.'' > 
 
 volgo : adverb. 
 
 71 2 quin . . . inlacrimarit : as not to weep over. 
 
 4 ille ipse : that very one. 
 
 5 piiblice : see note on consili, p. 66, 1. 6. 
 
 6 resacrare : to take off the curse ; notice the negative force of 
 
 re- ; what does it usually mean ? 
 8 praecipitatae : what form of sum is to be supplied? 
 10 cum : though ; repeat it in thought with postulasset and nega- 
 tum asset. 
 
 14 quod . . . gesserat : gives the reason of the following clause. 
 
 15 reccidit : what is the meaning of re- here ? Cf. 1. 6, above, 
 nihil . . . non : translate everything. 
 
 16 ex quo fiebat : the result of this was. What literally ? 
 omnia minus prospere gesta : all failures. But what literally? 
 
 17 culpae : culpae eius. 
 
 18 corruptum : supply eum as subject-accusative of noluisse. 
 20 opinionem : i.e., that others had. 
 
 22 elatus : F. 353, c (3). 
 
 23 quibus rebus factum est = ex quo fiebat above, 1. 16. 
 absent! : supply ei, Alcibiades. 
 
 27 primus : was the first one to. 
 
 28 glSriosius . . . Graiorum: order, ezistimans locupletari {fo 
 
 enrich himself) praeda barbarorum (esse) gloriosius quam 
 (praeda) Graiorum. 
 73 4 neque tamen : and yet — not. 
 
 7 qui . . . duceret : who was bent on this, namely, to protract the 
 
 war as long as possible. 
 
 8 ipsis : Lacedaemoniis. 
 
 9 contra : while on the other hand. 
 
 Atheniensibus : dative dependent on erat super = erat relictum. 
 13 Lacedaemoni5s : saying that the Lacedaemonians. 
 
 eo : for this reason, explained by the clause beginning quod. 
 15 sibi : i.e., Alcibiades. 
 
NOTES: ALCIBIADES. 107 
 
 Page 
 
 72 1 6 eum: Lysandrum. 
 
 quo facto : if this were done. 
 17 conflicturum (esse) : what must be supplied as the subject- 
 accusative of this and the following infinitive ? 
 
 19 Alcibiade recepto : compare quo facto, 1. 16, and note. 
 
 20 si quid secundi : if anything of favorable = if any success. 
 
 21 contra ea : the same as contra, above, 1. 9. 
 
 22 se . . . reum: he alone would be charged with this failure; 
 
 literally, he alone would be the defendant of this failure. 
 24 illud moneo, ne, etc. : I give you this warning, not to, etc. 
 27 vestri . . . exercitiis : exercitus depends on occasio. F. 474, b. 
 
 73 I volgum : the common soldiers, subject-accusative of exlsse. 
 3 relictas : supply esse. 
 
 tempus rei gerendae : a chance for striking a blow. What 
 literally ? 
 5 victis Atheniensibus : now that the Athenians were vanquished. 
 7 suam fortiinam: his concerns, i.e., he and his fortunes. 
 13 humanitate : read again note on consili, p. 66, 1. 6. 
 
 eum : Alcibiades. 
 15 quinquagena: 2'.,?., annually. How so.' 
 
 17 Athenas, etc.: nor Athens vanquished to the Lacedaemonians to 
 
 be subject was he able to endure. What in English .' 
 
 18 omni ferebatur cogitatiOne : he bent all his thoughts. But what 
 
 literally ? 
 
 20 eum : subject-accusative of adiungi. The reference is to rege 
 
 Perse in the preceding line. 
 
 21 consecutiirum : fix the meaning of this common word in mem- 
 
 ory. See p. 67, 1. I. 
 eius conveniundi : of meeting Mm. F. 474, i. 
 
 22 habuisset : not had had, but should have. How can such a 
 
 translation of the pluperfect subjunctive be justified? How 
 can you tell when the pluperfect Siubjunctive is to be trans- 
 lated should and not had? In a future condition in direct 
 discourse, the Latin often uses the future perfect ; we very 
 seldom. We usually employ the present. Thus, in Latin, id 
 conseciitus ero, si habuero potestatem, I shall gain it, if I 
 HAVE a chance. Such a future perfect (habuero) becomes a 
 pluperfect subjunctive (habuisset) in indirect discourse, but 
 
108 NOTES: ALCIBIADES. 
 
 Pagh 
 
 73 the same difference of idiom holds. As we translated have, 
 instead of shall have, we translate should have, in place of 
 should have had. To tell whether a pluperfect subjunctive 
 represents a future perfect, think what form a speaker's 
 words would take in direct discourse. 
 
 nam . . . sciebat : attack this sentence by taking the words 
 as they stand. For that Cyrus, his brother, for (against) him 
 war secretly to be preparing, the Lacedaemonians aiding, he 
 knew. Then translate. 
 
 24 si aperuisset : study again note on habuisset, 1. 22, and make 
 the application here. 
 
 27 certos ; see note on consili, p. 66, 1. 6. 
 
 74 I qui = ut ii. 
 
 sustulisset : see again note on habuisset, p. 73, 1. 22, and make 
 the application here. • 
 
 2 fore = futurum esse. 
 
 3 constituisset : he had established ; constituisset represents con- 
 
 stituisti of direct discourse, 
 suas res gestas : his things done, what he had done. 
 
 4 Laco : Lysander. 
 
 acciiratius sibi agendum : that he must deal more decidedly. 
 
 5 renuntiat : gives notice that he will break off. 
 
 6 quae . . . essent : the relations existing between the Lacedae- 
 
 monians and the king. What literally .'' 
 
 7 tradidisset : read again note on habuisset, p. 74, 1. 22, and make 
 
 the application here. 
 non tulit hunc : did not hold out against him. Some texts have 
 hoc ; then the meaning of tulit would be could not bear. 
 
 8 minui : present passive infinitive. 
 
 1 1 missi : the persons who were sent. 
 
 vicinitati : depends on dant negotium, and means his, Alci- 
 biades', neighbors. We sometimes use neighborhood for 
 neighbors, as here vicinitas for vicini. 
 
 12 illi cum : since they. 
 
 17 ei: see absenti, p. 71, 1. 23, and note. 
 
 subalare : sub, under and ala, arm-pit. The adjective suggests 
 the notion short or small, like our prefix hand. Roberts 
 compares pocket, as in pocket-knife. 
 
^rOTES: ALClBlAhES. 109 
 
 PaG3 
 
 74 20 id . . . vestimentSrum : such garments as were at hand. On 
 
 quod . . . ve^timentorum, see 216, «, 3; H. 397, 3. 
 22 eminus : examine its composition. Compare its opposite com- 
 minus, hand to hand. 
 
 25 contectum . . . mortuum : (eum) mortuum contectum, covered 
 
 his dead body and. 292, R. ; F. 353, 7 and c. 
 
 26 interitnendum : probably Nepos meant for burning him alive, 
 
 but he says for killing him alive. 
 
 27 natus : at the age of. He was about forty-six. 
 diem obiit supremum : mark the order. 
 
 75 I infamatum : though ill spoken of. 
 4 qui quidem duo : the two latter. 
 
 nescio qu6 = aliquo m.oio," strange to say " (Roberts). 
 8 superasse: supply eum as subject-accusative, as with several 
 
 following infinitives. 
 g studiis eorum inservlsse : devoted himself to their pursuits. 
 
 12 quorum moribus: according , to whose ideas; in whose view. 
 
 Compare more Atheniensium, p. 67, 1. 24. 
 
 13 in patientia : see note on consili, p. 66, 1. 6. Mark the deri- 
 
 vation of the word. The Lacedaemonians prided themselves 
 as much on endurance of pain without making any sign of 
 suffering as did the North American Indians. Here patientia 
 refers rather to endurance of privation and hardship than of 
 seeming insensibility to pain. . 
 
 18 quibus rebus efiecisse ut : heiice ; literally, by which means he 
 brought it about that. 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 Words Ijaving no references to page and line do not occur in tlie text, but only 
 as synonyms at the foot of the page. 
 
 a (ab), prep. w. abl., from, away 
 
 from, 3. I,. 17; 6. 3, etc.; by, 
 
 4. 20; 3. 6, 14, etc. 
 abdo, 3, didi, ditus, ftit from ; 
 
 hide, conceal, 23. 15; 46. 23; 
 
 60. 14, etc. 
 abduco, 3, duxl, ductus, lead 
 
 away; take away, carry off, 13. 
 
 8; 50.8. 
 abeo, Ire, il, iturus, go from. ; go 
 
 away, depart, ig. 12; 21. 2; 
 
 24. 3, etc. ; fly off, 42. 13. 
 abicio, 3, iecl, iectus [iacio, 
 
 throid], throw from ; cast, 
 
 throw, fling, hurl, '3%.'] ; throw 
 
 ox put down, lay aside, 5. 8. 
 abluo, 3, lui, liitus, wash away ; 
 
 wash, bathe, 45. i. 
 abrogo, 1, annul ; depose from, 
 
 remove from, 71. 24. 
 abscedo, 3, cessi, cessus, give 
 
 way ; retire, withdraw, depart, 
 
 62. 21. 
 absens, entis, adj. [p. of absum], 
 
 absent, away from home, 61. 
 
 17 ; 68. 3, 6, etc. 
 absolvo, 3, solvi, solutus, loose 
 from ; release, set free, dis- 
 charge, acquit, 40. 4. 
 abstineo, 2, tinui, (tentus) 
 
 [teiieo], keep back ; keep oneself 
 from, refrain, abstain, 36. 19; 
 60. 15. 
 
 abstuli. See aufero. 
 
 absutn, esse, afui, afuturus, be 
 from ; be away, be distant, z- 
 18 ; 19. 7 ; 39. 5, etc. ; be 
 away or absent ; haud multum 
 (minimum) afuit quin, came 
 very near, 6. 14; 13. i; 25. 
 
 15- 
 
 Absyrtus, 1, m., brother of Medea, 
 10. 22. 
 
 abundans, antis, adj. [p. of abun- 
 do, overflow"], overflowing ; rich, 
 plentiful, abundant, 
 
 ac. See atque. 
 
 Acastus, i, M., son of Felias, 
 king of the Colchi, 15. 19. 
 
 Acca, ae, F., Acca Larentia, wife 
 of Faustulus, 33. 14. 
 
 accedo, 3, cessI, cessiirus, go to ; 
 draw near, approach, 39. 27 ; 
 49. 13; 64. 10; undertake, at- 
 tempt, 64. 28. Cf. appropin- 
 quo, 7. 17, and adeo, 9. 18. 
 
 accendo, 3, cendi, census, set on 
 fire ; kindle, light, make (fire), 
 20. 22 ; inflame, 56. 8. 
 
 accido, 3, cidJ, — [cado],/a// to ; 
 
112 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 be/all, happen, come to pass, 2. 
 22; 12. 4; 18. 23, etc. Cf. 
 evenio, 7. 27. 
 
 accio, 4, civi, citus, call ; sum- 
 mon, send for, invite, 36. 24. 
 Cf. arcesso, 3. 14. 
 
 accipio, 3, cepi, ceptus [capi5], 
 take to one ; receive, welcome, 
 g. 19; 15. 16; 16. g, etc.; in- 
 herit, 41. 12 ; suffer, sustain, 
 61. 19. 
 
 accommodo, 1, fit ; arrange, ad- 
 just, 63. 3. 
 
 accumbo, 3, cubul, cubitum, lay 
 oneself down ; recline at table, 
 6. 12, 25; 28. 13, etc. Cf. 
 Eng. "fall to." 
 
 accurate, adv. [accuratus, care- 
 fully wrought^ exactly, pre- 
 cisely, decidedly, "ji,. 4. 
 
 accurro, 3, currl or cucurri, cur- 
 sus, rtm to ; hasten to, runup 
 to, 33. 10; 56. 14. 
 
 accuso, I [causa], call to account ; 
 make complaint against, accuse, 
 charge, w. ace. and gen., 33. 24. 
 
 acer, cris, ere, adj., sharp ; keen, 
 55. 2; ardent, eager, zealoiis, 
 6g. 8. 
 
 acerbltas, atis, f. [acerbus], bitter- 
 ness, harshness, 70. 28. 
 
 acerbus, a, urn, adj., harsh; 
 bitter, unripe, 51. 6. 
 
 acervus, 1, m., mass of similar 
 objects ; heap, pile, 55. I. 
 
 acies, ei, f., edge; battle array, 
 army, line, 38. 15; 40. 13; 61. 
 2, etc. ; battle, 62. 20. 
 
 acrlter, adv. [acer], sharply; 
 fiercely, furiously, eagerly, 5. 
 
 5 i 44- 7- 
 acumen, inis, n. [acuo], point; 
 
 sharpness, keenness, acuteness, 
 
 75- 12- 
 acutus, a, um, adj. [p. of acuo, 
 
 sharpen^, sharpened ; sharp, 
 
 pointed, 56. 5. 
 ad, prep. w. ace, to ; to, up to, 
 
 toward, at, 2. 9; 7. 12, etc.; 
 
 to, for, 3. 21 ; 4. 2, 4, etc. ; at, 
 
 before, 10. 24; 30. 23 ; up to, 
 
 until, 12. 2; ig. 3; 28. 20; 
 
 near, 6. 2 ; according to, 37. 
 
 17; 60. 16; 63. J.. 
 adamo, i, feel love for ; fall in 
 
 love with, 8. 18. 
 addico, 3, dixT, dictus, say yes to ; 
 
 be propitious, favor, consent, 
 
 43- I- 
 
 addo, 3, didi, ditus, put to ; add, 
 join, 35. 2; 40. 23; 44. 19; 
 tell in addition, 42. 10. 
 
 adduce, 3, duxi, ductus, lead to; 
 lead or take to (a place), con- 
 duct, 2g. 4 ; lead, prompt, in- 
 duce, influence, 2. 4; 14. 11, 
 14, etc. 
 
 adeo, ire, ii, itus, go to, approach, 
 draw near, g. 18; 28. 5; 47. 
 I, etc. Cf. accedo, 39. 27. 
 
 adeo, adv., to this; to such an 
 extent, so far, so, 41. 2; 60. 
 13; 73- 13. etc. 
 
 adfabilis, e, adj. [adfor, address'], 
 to be addressed ; approachable, 
 courteous, kind, 66. II. 
 
 adfero, ferre, tuli, latus, bear to ; 
 bring there, 22. 24; 52. 17, 18; 
 bear, bring, give, 22. 4; bring 
 upon, cause to, \v. ace. and dat., 
 6. II ; w. vim and dat., do vio- 
 lence to, assault, 46. 21. 
 
 adficio, 3, feci, fectus [facio], do 
 to; move, afflict, oppress, over- 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 113 
 
 whelm, 3. 6; 5. 24; 16. 12, 
 
 etc. ; punish, treat, 6. 6 ; 59. 
 
 10. 
 adfinis, e, adj., bordering on ; 
 
 as noun, m. and F., connection 
 
 by marriage, 58. 11. 
 adfirmo, i, strengthen ; maintain, 
 
 assert, 36. 17. 
 adfllgo, 3, flixT, flictus, dash at ; 
 
 damage, shatter, injure, 31. 
 
 zi. 
 adhibeo, 2, ul, itus [habeo], hold 
 
 toward; call to aid, employ, 
 
 use, hold, 34. 13. 
 adhortatio, onis, f. [adhortor, 
 
 encourage^ encouragement, ex- 
 hortation, 61. 7. 
 adhuc, adv., to this point ; till 
 
 then, 16. 25 ; yet, still, 14. i. 
 adicio, 3, ieci, iectus [iaci5], 
 
 throw to ; throw, cast, 13. 3. 
 Adimantus, I, m., an Athenian 
 
 general, 71. 13. 
 adimo, 3, emi, emptus [emo], 
 
 take to one ; take away, deprive, 
 
 30. 17. 
 adipiscor, 3, adeptus, reach for ; 
 
 obtain, acquire, get, attain, 42. 
 
 20. 
 aditus, us, M. [adeo], going to ; 
 
 approach, entrance. 
 adiungo, 3, iunxl, iunctus, fasten 
 
 to; join with, annex, add to, 
 
 w. ace. and dat. or ad, 4. 14 ; 
 
 44. 16; 70. 9, etc. 
 adiuvo, I, ill VI, iutus, help, assist, 
 
 aid, support, 73. 23. 
 adlatiirus. See adfero. 
 adlevo, i, lift to one; lift up, 
 
 raise, 54. 4. 
 adlicio, 3, lexl, Iectus, allure, 
 
 win over, persuade, 46. ^. 
 
 adloquor, 3, cutus, speak to ; ad- 
 dress, exhort, 44. 10 ; 49. 13. 
 administro, i, manage, direct, 
 
 execute, rule, 42. 20; 44. 14; 
 
 60. 16, etc. 
 admlratio, onis, f. [admirer], 
 
 admiration, wonder, 40. 4. 
 admiror, i, regard with wonder ; 
 
 wonder, be astonished, 66. 15; 
 
 admire, 75. 18. 
 admoneo, 2, ul, itus, bring to 
 
 mind ; warn, 51. 12. 
 adtnoreo, 2, m5vi, motus, move 
 
 to; apply, offer, 33. 11. 
 adnecto, 3, nexul, nexus, tie to, 
 
 fasten on, attach, 51. 12, 14. 
 adolesco, 3, olevl, ultus, grow; 
 
 grow up, mature, 33. 1 5 ; 44. 3. 
 adoperio, 4, erul, ertus, cover, 
 
 veil, 40. 7. 
 adorior, 4, ortus, arise against; 
 
 approach, address, accost, attack, 
 
 54- 7- 
 adorno, i, decorate; provide, 
 
 furnish, fit out, equip, 37. 3. 
 adquiro, 3, quisivl, quIsTtus 
 
 [quaero], get in addition ; gain, 
 
 win, get besides, 45. 3. 
 adiepo, 3, repsJ, — , creep to, steal 
 
 up, 56. 3. 
 adripio, 3, ripu!, reptus [rapio], 
 
 snatch up, seize upon, 54. I2 ; 
 
 64. 14; 74. 20. 
 adrogo, l, ask to one; claitn, 
 
 appropriate, 54. 20. 
 adsequor, 3, seciitus, follow to; 
 
 reach, gain, attain, 51. 8. 
 adsido, 3, sedT, — ,take n seat, 
 
 sit down, sit, 64. 9. 
 adst = ast. 
 adsiim, esse, fui, futurus, be at; be 
 
 at hand, come, 14. 8, 
 
114 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 adsumo, 3, sumpsi, sumptus, 
 take to ; take, choose^ 44. 8. 
 
 adsUTgo, 3, surrexi, surrectus, 
 rise to ; stand, rise, 63. 22. 
 
 adulator, oris, M., flatterer, 54. 
 
 13- 
 adulescens, entis, adj. [p. of 
 adolesco], growing ; as noun, 
 M., youth, young man, 29. 12 ; 
 
 34. 2. 
 
 adulescentia, ae, f. [adulescens], 
 growing ; youth, 15. 5 ; 49. 
 18. 
 
 adulti. See adolesco. 
 
 adyenio, 4, veni, ventiis, come to ; 
 come near, arrive, reach, 12. 9 ; 
 42. 10; 55. 17, etc. 
 
 adventus, us, u.,a coming to; com- 
 ing, approach, arrival, 11. 19; 
 62. 19. 
 
 adversus, o., um, adj. [p. of ad- 
 verts, turn to], turned toward ; 
 violent, 62. 11 ; unfavorable, 
 72. 22; w. res, misfortune, 
 calamity, 70. 15. 
 
 adversus, prep. w. ace. [adverto, 
 turn to], turned towards ; in 
 front, 64. 13; against, upon, 
 
 35. 11; 40. 12; 44. 4, etc. 
 advoco, 1, call to one ; call to- 
 gether, convoke, summon, 45. 9; 
 46. 22; 71. I. Cf. arcesso, 3. 
 14. 
 
 aediflcium, 1, n. [aedific5], build- 
 ing, structure, 74. 25. 
 
 aedifico, i [aedis], erect a build- 
 ing ; build, erect, construct, 3. 
 23; 28. 5; 37. 19, etc. 
 
 aedilis, is, m. [aedis], aedile, 
 commissioner of buildings and 
 public works, 59. 27. 
 
 aedis (aedes), is, f., dwelling of 
 
 the gods; temple, 35. 29; 36. 
 
 21 ; pi. house, dwelling, palace, 
 
 28. 19 ; 37. 9; 44. 10. Cf. 
 
 templum ; domus, aediflcium. 
 Aeetes, ae, M., a mythical king of 
 
 Colchis, 3. 9. 
 Aegos-flumen, inis, n., Goat River 
 
 (Aegospotami), a river and town 
 
 in the Thracian Chersonese, 
 
 72- S- 
 aegre, adv. [aeger, ill], pain- 
 fully; w. fero, feel distress, 
 
 bear ill, take to heart, be angry, 
 
 8. 19; 14. 13; 15. 18, etc. 
 aegritiido, inis, f. [aeger, ilt], 
 
 sickness; w. animi, gi'ief, 
 
 chagrin, irritation, 35. 4. 
 aemulatio, onis, f. [aemulor, 
 
 rival], rivalry, competition, 61. 
 
 12. 
 aeneus, a, um, adj. [aes], of 
 
 copper, bronze, 14. 24; 15. 10. 
 Aeolia, ae, p., an island near 
 
 Sicily, 25. 18. 
 Aeolus, I, M., the king of the 
 
 winds, 25. 20. 
 aequalis, e, adj. [aequo, make 
 
 equal], equal, like, 54. 16. 
 aequipero, i [aequus, equal], 
 
 compare; come up to, equal, 
 
 rival, 75. 10. 
 aequitas, atis, f. [aequus, i;^»a/], 
 
 evenness ; fairness, moderation, 
 
 justice, 41. 7. 
 aer, aeris, M., air, sky, 7. 4 ; 16. 
 
 21. 
 aes, aeris, n., crude metal, copper ; 
 
 aes alienum, another^s money, 
 
 i.e., debt, 60. 2. 
 Aeson, onis, M., Jason's father, 
 
 I. I. 
 aestimo, i, determine the value 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 lis 
 
 of; value, esteem, rate, weigh, 
 52. 14. 
 
 aetas, atis, f. [for aevitas], 
 period of life, 59. 16; age, years, 
 14. 7, 16, 23, etc.; old age, 47. 
 4; 53- 20; /««^, 75. 3. 
 
 aeternus, a, um, adj. [for aevi- 
 temus], of an age; in aeter- 
 rwyca, forever, ig. 2. 
 
 Aetna, ae, f., Mt. Aetna in Sicily, 
 20. 14. 
 
 Africa, ae, f., 62. 26. 
 
 afui. See absum. 
 
 ager, agri, m., productive land ; 
 field, plain, land, country, terri- 
 tory, a. 25; 8. 14; 9. 8, etc. 
 Cf. arvum, finis. 
 
 aggredior, 3, gressus [gradior, 
 go\ go to ; fall upon, assail, 
 attack, 55. 15; 60. 25, 26, etc. 
 
 agito, 1, set in violent motion; 
 'consider, ponder, meditate on, 
 
 43- 4,- _ 
 agitator, oris, m. [agito], driver, 
 
 53- 4- 
 
 agmen, inis, N. [ago], thingdriven; 
 line, army, 26. 21 ; in agmine, 
 on the march, 65. 2. 
 
 agnosco, 3, novT, nitus, recognize, 
 identify, make out, 5. 3; 29. 
 18 ; 31. 1, etc. 
 
 ago, 3, egl, actus, put in motion ; 
 drive, 20. 20; 24. 16; 44. 27, 
 etc. ; do, perform, carry on, 21. 
 16; 28. 19; 36. 9, etc.; treat, 
 arrange, ^S. 11; negotiate, 72. 
 II; 74. 5; act, 63. 20; take, 
 make, hold, 43. 3 ; gratias ago, 
 give thanks, 7. 25 ; spend, live, 
 pass, annum agens sextum et 
 decimum, in his sixteenth year, 
 58.2. 
 
 agricola, ae, m. [ager, colo, cttlti- 
 
 vate\,cultivator of lands ; farmer, 
 
 rustic, 52. I, 3, 15, etc. 
 aio, defective verb [for agio], say, 
 
 speak, cry, 40. 15 ; 44.. 11. 
 ala, ae, f., driving thing ; wing, 
 
 7. 4 ; 16. 19 ; armpit, arm, 52. 
 
 2. 
 Alba, ae, f.. Alba Longa, the 
 
 mother city of Rome, 33. 21. 
 Albanus, a, um, adj. [Alba], of 
 
 Alba, Alban, 39. 5; as noun, 
 
 M. pi., the people of Alba, Al- 
 bans, 33. i. 
 Alcibiades, is, m., a celebrated 
 
 Athenian general, 66. i. 
 alea, ae, f., game with dice ; die, 
 
 chance, hazard, 61. 25. 
 Alexander, dri, m., Alexander 
 
 the Great, king of Macedon 
 ■[b. c. 356-323], 59. 22. 
 alicunde, adv. [aliquis, unde], from 
 
 some source, from- somewhere, 
 
 54- S- 
 alieno, i [alienus], make strange ; 
 
 pass. w. abl., have aversion for, 
 
 shrink from, be estranged from, 
 
 69. 8. 
 alienus, a, um, adj. [aliug], of 
 
 another ; another's, other 
 
 people's, 57. 3; aes alienum, 
 
 another's money, i.e., debt, 60. 2. 
 aliquamdiu or aliquam diii, 
 
 somewhat long; awhile, for 
 
 some time, 58. 13. 
 aliquando, adv., at some time or 
 
 other, 58. 15; 6g. 10; once 
 
 upon a time, at one time, once, 
 
 51. 10; 55. 6. 
 aliquantO) adv., by some little, 
 
 somewhat, rather, 75. 3. 
 aliquantum, 1, n. [aliquantus. 
 
116 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 some], some, a little, w. partit. 
 gen., 28. 3 ; 2g. 8 ; 39. 3, etc. 
 
 aliqui, qua, quod, indef. adj., 
 some, any, 12. 4; 44. 19; 48. 
 8, etc. 
 
 aliquis, qua, quid, indef. pron., 
 some one, any one, something. 
 
 aliquot, indef. num. adj., indecl., 
 some, several, a/ew, 59. 8. 
 
 aliter, adv., in another manner ; 
 followed by ac or atque, other- 
 wise than, in a different way 
 from, 15. 12; 30. 10. 
 
 alius, a, ud, gen.ius, pronom.adj., 
 another, other, else, 2. 25; 4. 
 II; 5. 6; 34. 19; 48. 9:57. 5, 
 etc.; alius . . . alius, one . . . an- 
 other, 35. 28 ; 38. 20; aliae alias 
 in partis, some in one direction, 
 others in another, 18. 15. 
 
 alo, 3, ul, altus or alitus, feed ; 
 sustain, maintain, keep up, 37. 
 I ; strengthen, harden, 9. i. 
 
 Alpes, ium, F., the Alps moun- 
 tains, 59. 12. 
 
 alter, era, erum, gen. ius, pro- 
 nom. adj., one of two, 3. 2, 5; 
 a second, 39. 7 ; 61. 17; alter 
 . . . alter, one . . ..the other, 2. 
 I, 2; 27. 17, 18; 39. 10, 1 1, etc. 
 
 altus, a, um, adj., grown; high, 
 elevated, lofty, 42. 15 ; 48. 16; 
 54. 5; as noun, N., sea, deep, 
 25. 8; 62. 8; superl. altissi- 
 mus, 46. 7. 
 
 alveus, I, M. [alvus, belly'], hol- 
 low ; tub, trough, 33. 6. 
 
 ambitio, onis, f. \a.mh\o], going 
 about; ambition, desire for 
 honor, 59. 14. 
 
 ambo, ae, 6, adj., both, the two, 
 43- 19- 
 
 amentia, ae, f. [amens, out of 
 one's senses], madness, frenzy, 
 16. 14; 24. 6. 
 
 amicitia, ae, f. {jxrcAcns], friend- 
 ship, alliance, league, 69. 2, 16 ; 
 70. 9, etc. 
 
 amicus, a, um, adj., loving, 
 friendly, favorable, 69. 7 ; 
 superl., 58. 12. 
 
 amicus, i, m. [amicus], loved one ; 
 friend, 2. 6, 16; 26. 19, etc. 
 
 amitto, 3, misi, missus, send 
 away ; let slip, lose, be bereft of, 
 2. 16; 3. 3, 4, etc. 
 
 amo, I, love; like, be fond of. 
 
 amor, oris, M., loving ; love, es- 
 teem, passion, 31. 13 ; 39. 22. 
 
 amoveo, 2, movi, motus, move 
 away; take away, remove, 
 withdraw, 21. 22 ; 22. 8; 24. 8. 
 
 amplector, 3, exus [plecto, twist], 
 twist around ; embrace, 40. I ; 
 surround, play about, 43. 25. 
 
 amplio, I [amplus], widen; in- 
 crease, enlarge, 63. 9. 
 
 amplissimus, a, um, adj., superl. 
 of amplus, of large extent; 
 noble, distinguished, glorious, 
 66. 5. 
 
 amplius, indecl. [n. comp. of 
 amplus], more; as ^Av.,more, 
 further, in addition, besides, 73. 
 6 ; w. numerals, more than, 63. 
 
 27- 
 Amiilius, i, m., son of Frocas and 
 
 brother of Numitor, 33. i. 
 an, conj., in indir. question, 
 
 whether, if; or, 20. 25. 
 ancile, is, n., curved thing; 
 
 sacred shield, shield, 37. 11, 
 
 14. 
 ancilla, ae, f., dim. [ancula, 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 117 
 
 attendant'], handmaid, maid- 
 servant, ^6. ig; 53. 12. 
 
 ancora, ae, f., anchor, 5. 12; 7. 
 16; 12. 15, etc. ; in ancoris, at 
 anchor, 5. 13. 
 
 Ancus, !, M., Ancus Martins, 
 fourth king of Rome, 41. 6. 
 
 Andocides, is, m., an Athenian 
 orator, 67. 9. 
 
 anguis, is, m. and f., serpent, 
 snake, 52. i, 3; 56. 3, etc. 
 
 angustiae, arum, f. [angustus, 
 narrow], narrowness, small- 
 ness, 34. 17. 
 
 anima, ae, f., air, breath ; life, 
 spirit; w. efflo, give up the ghost, 
 die, S3. 4. 
 
 animadverts, 3, ti, sus, direct 
 the mind ; observe, notice, per- 
 ceive, see, 20. 2, 9 ; 21. 19, etc. 
 
 animus, i, M., the rational soul 
 (cf. anima, physical life) ; 
 mind, heart, n. 24 ; 21. 9; 22. 
 17, etc. ; heart, sympathy, feel- 
 ings, spirit, 12. 18 ; 13. 20; 38. 
 17, etc.; courage, 22. I ; nature, 
 disposition, 45. 5; in animo 
 esse or habere, have a purpose, 
 intend, 2. 5; 16. 2; 31. ii, etc. 
 
 annalis, is, m. [annus], record of 
 events, chronicles, 46. 27. 
 
 annus, I, m., that which goes 
 round ; year, 2. 3, 21; 17. I, 
 etc. 
 
 ante, adv., before ; of time, before, 
 previously, 40. 2 ; 70. i ; 12. 17 ; 
 as prep. w. ace, before, in front 
 of^^l-Z\ 67. 9; of time, 5. 13; 
 9. 16, etc. 
 
 antea, adv., before, formerly, pre- 
 viously, 22. 2, 22 ; 23. 2, etc. 
 
 antecedo, 3, cessi, — ,go before; 
 
 surpass, excel, 73. 14. Cf. 
 
 antecello, 9. 5. 
 antecello, 3, — , — ,be prominent; 
 
 excel, surpass, be superior (to), 
 
 w. ace, 9. 5. Cf. antecedo, 73. 
 
 14. 
 ante-eo, ire, Ivi or il, — , go be- 
 fore ; march before, go ahead, 
 
 65. 2. 
 antequam, or ante quam, adv., 
 
 sooner than, before, 7. 21 ; 18. 
 
 8 ; 21. 17, etc. 
 antiquus, a, um, adj., ancient, 
 
 former, of old times, 46. 27. 
 Antonius, 5, m., Marcus Antonius, 
 
 a distinguished Roman, 63. 23. 
 antrum, 1, N., cavern, cave, 19. 
 
 23; 20. 4, 22, etc. 
 anulus, I, M., dim. [anus, ring], 
 
 little ring; finger ring, ring, 
 
 35- 17- 
 anus, lis, F., old woman, sibyl, 46. 
 
 28 ; 47. 4, 8. 
 anxietas, atis, f. [anxius], solici- 
 tude, anxiety, 28. 22. 
 anxius, a, um, adj., choked; 
 
 troubled, solicitous, anxious, 1 1 . 
 
 24 ; 25. 2 ; 28. 20, etc. 
 aperio, 4, ui, pertus, uncover, open, 
 
 unclose; disclose, unfold, 73. 
 
 24 ; open, found, establish, 35. 
 
 3; p. apertus, opened, open, g. 
 
 11; II. 19; 37. 19; 54. II. 
 Apollonius, i, m., an orator at 
 
 Rhodes in the time of Caesar, 
 
 58. 19. 
 appare5, 2, ui, itiirus, appear ; be 
 
 clear, plain, or evident, 67. 10. 
 apparo, l, prepare, make ready, 
 
 67. 6. 
 appello, 3, pull, pulsus, drive to, 
 
 18. 18 ; w. navem, \bring in. 
 
118 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 put in, land, 6. 2, i6; S. 3; 
 19. 20, etc. 
 
 appello, I, address; call, name, 
 term, i. 2 ; 4. 18 ; 6. 10, etc. 
 
 Apenninus, I, m., mountain sum- 
 mit ; the Apennines, 63. 15. 
 
 appeto, 3, Jvi and ii, Itus, seek for ; 
 intr., be at hand, draw near, 
 approach, 4. 6 ; long for, desire, 
 54. 6. 
 
 appono, 3, posul, positus, /«/ ^0 ; 
 set before, serve to, w. dat., 6. 
 12, 25; 28. 14, etc. 
 
 apporto, I, carry to ; bring along, 
 bring, 73. 10. 
 
 apprehendo, 3, di, ensus, seize; 
 take hold of, seize, grasp, 64. 1 1 . 
 
 appropinquo, i, come near to; 
 draw near, approach, w. dat., 
 and ad, 7. 17; 11. 18; 27. 6, 
 etc. Cf. accedo and adeo. 
 
 appuli. See appello. 
 
 apte, adv. [aptusjiyfi*^; rightly, 
 properly, 42. \i. 
 
 aptus, a, um, adj., fitted; suited, 
 ready, adapted, 66. 6. 
 
 apud, prep. w. ace, with ; with, 
 among, on the side of 3. i ; 38. 
 9, 10, etc. ; among, in the eyes 
 of, 40. 10 ; 72. 20; in the pres- 
 ence of, before, 39. 26 ; 48. 1 1 ; 
 at the house of, 31. 14, 17 ; 46. 
 14, etc. ; at, near, 59. 22 ; 6g. 
 19, 24, etc. 
 
 aqua, ae, F., water, waters, 
 stream, 5. 14, 16 ; 14. 25, etc. 
 
 aquila, ae, f., eagle, 42. 11. 
 
 aquillfer, eri, m. [aquila; fero, 
 bear"], eagle-bearer, standard- 
 bearer, 61, 3. 
 
 ara, ae, f., raised place ; altar, 
 36. 26 ; 37. I. 
 
 arbiter, tri, m., he who is present ; 
 
 witness, hearer, 37. 27. 
 arbitrium, 5, n. [arbiter], judg- 
 ment ; authority, will, pleasure, 
 
 60. 16; 71. II. 
 arbitror, i [arbiter], testify; be 
 
 of an opinion, believe, consider,. 
 
 think, 4. 12; 5. 4; 12. 16, etc. 
 arbor, oris, f., thing grown ; tree, 
 
 II. 12, 15, 17, etc. 
 Arcadia, ae, f., a state of central 
 
 Peloponnesus, 74. 18. 
 aiceo, 2, ui, — , shiit in ; keep off, 
 
 hinder, 33. 17 ; 49. 5. 
 arcesso, 3, IvI, Itus, causative 
 
 [accedo], cause to come; sum- 
 mon, send for, call, 3. 14; 40. 
 
 13 ; 62. 4. Cf. accio, 36. 24, 
 
 and advoco, 45. 9. 
 Ardea, ae, f., heron; chief city 
 
 of the Rutuli, 46. 12. 
 ardeo, 2, si, s\is, be on fire ; burn, 
 
 18. 12. Cf. the trans, accendo, 
 
 20. 22. 
 argentum, J, N., shining thing; 
 
 silver, 26. 19. 
 Argo, lis, ace. Argo, f., Jason's 
 
 ship, 10. 23. 
 Argonautae, arum, m. [nauta], 
 
 Argonauts, crewr of the Argo, 
 
 4. 18. 
 argiio, 3, uI, iitus, make clear; 
 
 declare, prove, charge, 71. 19. 
 Argus, I, M., the builder of the 
 
 Argo, 3. 22. 
 aries, ietis, m., ram, 14. 23 ; 15. i. 
 arma, orum, n., things fitted (to 
 
 any purpose) ; arms, weapons, 
 
 armor, 5. 4, 7 ; 9. 3, etc. ; 
 
 arms, fighting, 40. 27. 
 Armenia, ae, f., a country of 
 
 Asia Minor, 63. 17. 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 119 
 
 armilla, ae, f. [armus, shoulder], 
 
 bracelet, armlet, 35. 17. 
 armo, i [arma], furnish with 
 
 weafons ; equip, ^ arm, rouse to 
 
 arms, 3. 21 ; 9. 21, 24, etc. 
 aro, i, plough, till, 8. 14; g. 8, 
 
 15, etc. 
 ars, artis, F., skill in joining ; 
 
 art, skill, cunning, 11. 14; 16. 
 
 4 ; 20. 2, etc. 
 arvum, I, n. [n. of arvus, 
 
 ploughed], that has been 
 
 ploughed; field, 56. 6; pi., 
 
 fields, lands. Cf. ager. 
 arx, arcis, F., enclosing thing; 
 
 citadel, stronghold, 35. 14, 18. 
 ascendo, 3, d!, scensus [ad, 
 
 scando, climb], climb upon; 
 
 go on board, embark, 68. 13. 
 Asia, ae, p., Asia Minor, 44, 
 
 21. 
 asinus, I, m., ass, 50. 6 ; 52. 7, 
 
 12, etc. 
 aspergo, 3, ersi, ersus [ad, spargo, 
 
 scatter], stain, taint, cover, 67. 
 
 22. 
 aspicio, 3, exi, ectus, look at; 
 
 look on, behold, espy, see, 9.15; 
 
 56. 13. 
 asto, I , itl, — , stand at, take po- 
 sition near, 23, 21 j beat hand, 
 
 54- '■ 
 astii, N., indecl., city, 71. i. Cf. 
 
 urbs. 
 asylum, 1, n., place of refuge, 
 
 asylum, sanctuary, 34. 22 ; 35. 
 
 3- 
 
 at, conj., but (introducing a con- 
 trast with what precedes), 2. 
 3; 4. 22; 6. 25, etc. 
 
 Athenae, arum, f., Athens, in 
 Attica, 16. 21. 
 
 Atheniensis, e, adj. [Athenae], 
 Athenian, 66. i. 
 
 atque or ac, conj., and, also, g. 
 6; 14. 15; 16. 13, etc.; than, 
 IS- 12; 30. II ; .44. 2 ; as, 30. 
 3 ; 70. 14; 71. 4 ; w. simul, as 
 soon as, 6. 16, 25; 20. 17, etc. 
 
 atqui, conj., but yet, however, 
 
 43- 4- 
 
 atrium, T, N., room which con- 
 tains the hearth ; main hall, 
 chief room, 30. 25. 
 
 atrox, ocis, adj. [ater, black], 
 disagreeable to behold; cruel, 
 savage, barbarous, 39. 25. 
 
 attendo, 3, tendi, tentus, stretch 
 toward ; w. zxivcavLxa, give atten- 
 tion, consider, give heed, 6g. 14. 
 
 attentus, a, um, adj. [p. of 
 attendo], attentive, intent, 47. 
 12. 
 
 Attica, ae, F., a state of eastern 
 Greece, 6g. 2. 
 
 attingo, 3, tigl,, tactus [tango, 
 touch], touch upon; arrive at, 
 reach, 4. 20; 5. 13; 51. 4. 
 
 attuli. See adfero. 
 
 Attus, 1, M., Attus Navius, a 
 soothsayer in the reign of Tar- 
 quinius Priscus, 42. 24. 
 
 auctoritas, atis, f. [auctor, pro- 
 ducer], production; influence, 
 weight, authority , power, 37. 23; 
 42. 25; 67. 3. 
 
 auctus. See augeo. 
 
 audacia, ae, f. [audax], boldness, 
 daring, audacity, insolence, 42, 
 
 3; 62 -S- 
 audax, acis, adj., daring ; bold, 
 
 rash, presumptuous, 48. 4 ; 51. 
 
 16. 
 aude5, 2, ausus sum, dare, vert- 
 
120 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 ture, have the boldness, 36. 3 ; 
 
 49. 12 ; 74. 13. 
 
 audio, 4, hear, 2. 10 ; 6. 16 ; 8. 
 5, etc. ; listen to, regard, receive, 
 35. I ; w. dicto, foil, by dat., 
 obey, 44. 13. 
 
 aufero, ferre, abstuli, ablatus, 
 bear away ; take away, remove, 
 snatch, 2. 8 ; 5. 22 ; 6. 13 ; etc. ; 
 ^3s,%., disappear, 36. 14; 37. 12. 
 
 aufugio, 3, fugl, — , flee away ; 
 flee, run, 7. 6 ; 39. 3. 
 
 augeo, -^i auxi, auctus, cause to 
 grow; enlarge, increase, build 
 up, add to, 33. 16; 38. 3; 40. 25. 
 
 augur, uris, m. and F. [avis], ob- 
 server of birds ; diviner, sooth- 
 sayer, augur, 42. 25; 43. 6. 
 
 augurium, i, n. [augur], obser- 
 vance of omens from birds ; 
 divination, augury, 34. 15 ; 
 
 43. 3- 
 
 augustior, ius, gen. oris, adj., 
 comp. of augustus, a, um, in- 
 creased ; (more) majestic, noble, 
 venerable, 36. 18. 
 
 aura, ae, F., air, 29. 26. 
 
 aureus, a, um, adj. [aurum], of 
 gold, golden, 3. 10; 8. S; 11. 
 21, etc. 
 
 auris, is, f., hearing thing ; ear, 
 
 50. 8. 
 
 aurum, I, ii.,gold, 26. 18; 50. 13. 
 
 auspicium, I, n. [auspex, one who 
 
 divines by the flight of birds'], 
 
 examination of birds; augury, 
 
 auspices, 34. 13. 
 aut, conj., or, 54. 22; 72. 12; 
 
 74. 7, etc. ; aut . . . aut, either 
 
 ...»/-, 4. 8 ; 64. 24; 71. 17, 
 
 etc. 
 autem, conj. (postpos.), but, on 
 
 the other hand, now, moreover, 
 
 2. 25; 4. 9, etc. ; however, 3. 
 
 15; 5. 8, 19, etc. 
 auxerurit and auxere. See 
 
 augeo. 
 auzilior, i [auxilium], give help, 
 
 aid, assist, succor, 23. 4. 
 auxilium, I, n., increasing ; help, 
 
 aid, assistance, 6. 19 ; 7. 25, 
 
 26, etc. 
 aveho, 3, vexi, vectus, carry off, 
 
 take away, 1 1 . 4. 
 Aventinus, a, um, adj., of Mt.. 
 
 Aventine, one of the seven hills 
 
 of Rome, 37. 5. 
 averts, 3, ti, sus, turn from, 
 
 cause to withdraw, 69. 4 ; turn 
 
 aside, ward off; w. se, be offon^'s 
 
 guard, 43. 18. 
 avidus, a, um, adj., longing, 
 
 greedy, eager, 59. 16. 
 avis, is, F., bird, 48. 13 ; 54. 9 ; 
 
 hence sign, omen, 43. i. 
 avolo, I, avi, aturus, fly away; 
 
 hasten off, hurry, 46. 17 ; 56. 
 
 21. 
 avus, i, M., grandfather, 33. 20 ; 
 
 34. 8 ; 41. 8. 
 
 baculum, i, n., walking-stick, Bagaeus, i, m., brother of Pharna- 
 staff, cane, 28. 17; 29. 13, 22, bazus, 74. 9. 
 etc. barbarus, a, um, adj., of strange 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 121 
 
 speech ; as noun, m., barbarian, 
 foreigner, 71. 28 ; 74. 21. 
 
 beatitudo, inis, f. [beatus], hap- 
 piness, 52. 13. 
 
 beatus, a, um, adj. [p. of beo, 
 make happy\, made happy; 
 happy, fortunate, 52. 7. 
 
 bellicosus, a, um, adj. ['bellum], 
 full of war ; given to fighting, 
 warlike, valiant, 40. 27. 
 
 bello, I [bellum], wage war, 
 carry on war, war, 61. 20. 
 
 bellum, 1, N. [for duellum], con- 
 test between two; war, 17. 2; 
 18. 1, 9, etc.; loc. belli, in the 
 field, abroad, 71. 11. 
 
 bene, adv. [bonus], well, 2. 13; 
 3. (5; 7. 22, etc. 
 
 beneficium,i,N.[bene, facio],w^//- 
 doing ; kindness, service, bless- 
 ing, 7. 8 ; 23. 8 ; 26. g, etc.- 
 
 benevolentia, ae, f. [benevolens, 
 well-wishingl, favor, friend- 
 ship, 46. I ; 70. 27. 
 
 benigne, adv. [benlgnus, kind^, in 
 
 . a kindly manner ; courteously, 
 kindly, with friendliness, 30. 
 3 ; 35. I ; 46. I. 
 
 benignitas, atis, f. [benign us, 
 kinil\, kindness, friendliness, 
 courtesy, 28. 9. 
 
 bestia, ae, f., beast, animal, 50. 
 6; 54.21. 
 
 bibliotheca, ae, F., library, collec- 
 tion of books, 63. 13. 
 
 bibo, 3, bibi, — , drink, swallow, 
 23. I ; 28. 15. 
 
 Bibulus, i, M., Marcus Bibulus, 
 
 Caesar's colleague in the con- 
 sulship, 60. I. 
 
 Bizanthe, es, f., a town and for- 
 tress on the Chersonesus, 71. 
 27. 
 
 blanditia, ae, f. [blandus], « 
 caressing; flattery, 54. 14; 
 pleasantry, 46. z. 
 
 blandus, a, um, adj., of smooth 
 tongue; flattering, agreeable, 
 54. 7 ; 66. 12. 
 
 Boeotii, orum, m., the people of 
 Boeotia in Greece, Boeotians, 
 75- "■ 
 
 bonus, a, um,good; as noun, n., 
 good thing or quality, good, 48. 
 8, 14; 50. 5, etc., property, 58. 
 5; 68. 19; 71. 5. 
 
 bos, bovis, F., cow; pi., cattle, 44. 
 24, 26, 27, etc. 
 
 bracchium (brachium), T, vt., fore- 
 arm, lower arm, arm, 64. 14. 
 
 brevis, e, adj., short, small, little, 
 2. 15; 8. I ; 15. I, etc. 
 
 Britannij orum, m., people of 
 Britain ; Britons, British, 60. 
 26. 
 
 Brundisium, 1, n., a seaport in 
 southeastern Italy, 61. 27. 
 
 Brutus, 5, M., Marcus Brutus, a 
 friend of Caesar but a con- 
 spirator against him, 63. 28. 
 
 bulla, ae, f., medal, amulet 
 (worn by boys of free birth), 
 43. 8. 
 
 Byzantium, I, n., a Thracian city 
 on the Bosporus, 70. 8. 
 
122 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 C., abbreviation forGaius (Caius). 
 cado, 3, cecidi, casurus, fail 
 
 down ; fail, fall dead, be slain, 
 
 35- 2S; 38. 21. 
 caecus, a, um, adj., blind, 6. 6; 
 
 23. 19. 
 caedes, is, v., a cutting; slaughter, 
 
 murder, 40. 5. 
 caedo, 3, cecidi, caesus, cut ; cut, 
 
 chop, 53. 18 ; kill, slay, 39. 29. 
 caelestis, e, adj. [caelum], of 
 
 heaven ; of the skies, heavenly, 
 
 divine, 42. 13. 
 Caelius, i, m., Mt. Caelius, one 
 
 of the liills of Rome, 40. 23. 
 caelum, i, n. [for cavilum], hol- 
 low thing; heavens, sky, 35. 
 
 29! 37- 4. "■ 
 Caesar, aris, m., Caius Julius 
 
 Caesar [B.C. 100-44], 58. i. 
 Caius, i, M., Caius or Caius. See 
 
 Caesar. 
 Calais, only nom., an Argonaut, 
 
 son of the North Wind, 7. 3. 
 calamitas, atis, F., loss ; injury, 
 
 disaster, misfortune, zg. 17. 
 
 Cf. casus, 12. 4. 
 calceus, i, m., covering ; shoe, 2. 
 
 21; 3. i, 4. 
 calefacio, 3, feci, factus, make 
 
 warm ; heat, make hot, 23. 13. 
 callidissime, adv., superl. of 
 
 callide [callidus], most skil- 
 fully, shrewdly, craftily, 66. 12. 
 callidus, d, um, adj. [called, 
 
 know by exfierience'], practiced ; 
 
 shrewd, cunning, crafty, 44. 28. 
 Calpurnia, ae, f., wife of Caesar 
 
 at the time of his death, 64. 2. 
 
 calvitium, T, n. [calvus], bald- 
 ness, 64. 21. 
 
 calvus, a, um, adj., hairless; 
 bald, 64. 21. 
 
 Campanus, a, um, adj., of Cam- 
 punia, Campanian, 60. 8. 
 
 campus, i, M., digged place ; field, 
 plain, 36. 12 ; 49. i. Cf. ager. 
 
 cancer, cri, M., crab, sea-crab, 49. 
 14; 56. 12. 
 
 canis, is, m. and f., dog, hound, 
 49. 4 ; 56. 2, 7. 
 
 cano, 3, cecini, • — , utter musical 
 sounds ; sing, chant, 37. 16. 
 
 canto, I [cano], sing, chant, 14. 
 26. 
 
 cantus, us, m., singing, song, 48. 
 1-3; 54- 5. II ; crowing, 53. 13. 
 
 capesso, 3, ivi (it), Iturus [capio], 
 seize eagerly ; w. fugam, take to 
 flight, begin to run, 39. i. 
 
 capio, 3, cepi, captus, take ; take, 
 get, receive, have, 26. 15 ; 29. 
 22 ; 49. 7, etc. ; take prisoner, 
 seize, capture, 13. 2; 18. 1,7, 
 etc. ; choose, 40. 24 ; take up, 
 seize, 38. 14; take, form, con- 
 ceive, make, 13. 5; 16. 4 ; 22. 
 17 ; gain over, win, 73. 13 ; 
 viam capio, tnake way, go, 11. 
 10. 
 
 Capitolium, i, n., Capitol, the 
 citadel of Rome, 35. i6; 59. 27. 
 
 capra, ae, f., she-goat, 48. 16; 
 49. 2 ; 54. 15; Caprae palus. 
 Goafs Marsh, 36. 12. 
 
 captiva, ae, f. [captivus, taken 
 prisoner'], captured woman; 
 female captive, 43. 22. 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 123 
 
 captus, 1, M. [p. of capio], one 
 taken ; captive, prisoner, 70. g. 
 
 caput, itis, N., head, 6. 9; 28. 17 ; 
 30. 8, etc. ; gen. w. damno, to 
 death, 68. 18. 
 
 career, eris, m., prison, jail, 25. 
 22 ; 42. 2. 
 
 carica, ae, f. [Caria], Carianfig, 
 dried fig, 55. i. 
 
 carissimus, a, um, adj., superl. 
 of carus, dear; dearest, most 
 beloved, 75. 19. 
 
 caritas, atis, f. [cams, dear^, 
 affection, love, 69. 10 ; 72. 4. 
 Cf. amor, 31. 13. 
 
 carmen, inis, n., singing ; song, 
 chant, 14. 26 ; 28. 6 ; charm, 
 incantation, 29. 21. Cf. can- 
 tus, 48. 13. 
 
 caro, carnis, v., flesh, 21. 8 ; 22. 7. 
 
 carpentum, T, n., covered chariot, 
 carriage, 42. 11 ; 45. 13, 17. 
 
 carpo, 3, psi, ptus, pick ; pluck, 
 cull, gather, 8. 25. 
 
 Casca, ae, m., one of the con- 
 spirators against Caesar, 64. 
 12. 
 
 casa, ae, F., sheltering thing; 
 small house, hut, cabin, 33. 14 ; 
 74. 14. 
 
 Caseus, i, m., cheese, 54. 5, 6, 12. 
 
 Cassius, i, m., one of the con- 
 spirators against Caesar, .63. 
 27. 
 
 castellum, I, n. [castruin], castle ; 
 fort, fortress, stronghold, 71. 26. 
 
 Castor, oris, M., son of Tyndarus 
 and Leda; twin brother of 
 Pollux, 4. 10. 
 
 castruin, 1, n., fortified place ; 
 castle, fortress, 73. 15; com- 
 monly pi., castra, orum, mili- 
 
 tary camp, camp, 46. 13; 62. 
 
 6; 72. 25. 
 casus, iis, M., a falling ; chance, 
 
 happening, emergency, 4. 15; 
 
 casfl, by chance, 16. 23 ; mis- 
 fortune, calamity, disaster, iz. 
 
 4; 38. 21; 71. 2. Cf. calami- 
 
 tas. 
 Cato, onis, M., Marcus Porcius 
 
 Cato, an enemy of Caesar, 64. 
 
 27. 
 catulus, 1, M., dim. [catus, cat^, 
 
 small cat ; whelp, young, 33. 12. 
 Cauda, ae, f., tail, 7. 20. 
 causa, ae, f., cause, motive, 
 
 reason, 2. 12, 18; 3. 19, etc. ; 
 
 cause, case, story, 40. 5 ; 44. 28 ; 
 
 68. 10 ; causa as prep. w. gen., 
 
 on account of, for the purpose 
 
 of, 20. 26; 25. 4; 27. 8, etc. 
 caveo, 2, cavi, cautus, be on one's 
 
 guard; beware of, guard 
 
 against, w. ace, 2. 21 ; 51. 11 ; 
 
 64. 4, etc. 
 cedo, 3, cessi, cessus, go from ; 
 
 withdraw, give way, leave the 
 
 helm, 62. II. 
 celer, eris, ere, adj., urged on; 
 
 swift, speedy, quick, prompt, 
 
 35- 2o- 
 
 celeritas, atis, f. [celer], swift- 
 ness, qtcickness, speed, 7. 14, 23 ; 
 12. 25, etc. 
 
 celeriter, adv. [celer], quickly, 
 speedily, in haste, promptly, 52. 
 20 ; compar. celerius, rather 
 quickly, 50. 7 ; quam celerrime, 
 as quickly as possible, j,. 18 ; 
 10. 23; II. 22, etc. 
 
 celo, i, hide from ; keep secret, 
 cover, conceal, 11. 8; 20. 19, 
 24, etc. 
 
124 
 
 VOCABULARY 
 
 cena, ae, F., principal meal; 
 dinner, 6. 25; 21. 12 ; 30. 4. 
 
 cenaculum, I, n. [cena], dining- 
 room, usually in upper story, 
 7. I. 
 
 ceno, I [cena], dine, take dinner, 
 22. 22 ; 46. 14. 
 
 censeo, 2, ul, nsus, estimate; be 
 of opinion, think, decide, 9. 6; 
 12. 5. 
 
 censor, oris, M., title of a Roman 
 magistrate who exercised gen- 
 eral control over public morals ; 
 critic, severe judge of morals, 
 
 57- 5- 
 
 census, us, m. [censeo], register- 
 ing by censors ; list of citizens, 
 census, 44. 17. 
 
 Centaurus, i, m.. Centaur, a fabu- 
 lous creature, half man, half 
 horse, 3. i. 
 
 centum, num. adj., indecl., one 
 hundred, 36. 8. 
 
 centuria, ae, f. [centum], division 
 of a hundred ; century, 36. 10 ; 
 42. 23; 44. 17. 
 
 cerno, 3, crevi, certus, separate ; 
 perceive, understand, decide, 
 
 73- "• 
 
 certamen, inis, n. [certo, con- 
 ten (r\, decisive contest; contest, 
 competition, match, %j,. 15; 40. 
 1 1 ; struggle, battle, 35. 22 ; 
 38. 9. 
 
 certatlm, adv. [certo, contend^, 
 striving with one another ; in 
 rivalry, vigorously, earnestly, 
 eagerly, 43. 16. 
 
 certus, a, um, adj. [p. of cerno], 
 separated ; certain, definite, un- 
 mistakable, 37.7; certain, par- 
 ticular, 73. 27 ; fixed, 2. 23 ; 
 
 3. 20; 63. II ; pr5 certo, cer- 
 tainly, 13. 10 ; certiorem facio, 
 inform, 6. 4; 30. 20; 31. 3, 
 etc. 
 
 cesso, I, freq. [cedo], cease ; de- 
 lay, 62. 4. 
 
 ceterus, a, um, adj.; the other; 
 pi., the others, the rest, 23. 25 ; 
 46. 20 ; 73. 26. 
 
 cibus, 1, u.,food, nourishment, 6. 
 12 ; 7. I ; 19. 2, etc. 
 
 Cinna, ae, m., father of Cornelia, 
 Caesar's wife, 58. 3. 
 
 circa, prep. w. ace, about, among, 
 through, 34. 25; about, round, 
 44. 16 ; 74. 14 ; as adv., round 
 about, in the vicinity, 37. 20. 
 
 Circaeus, a, um, adj., of Circe, 
 Circe's, 31. 8. 
 
 Circe, ae or es, F., an enchan- 
 tress, daughter of the Sun, 
 27. 7. 
 
 circiter, adv. [circus], about, not 
 far from, 3. 24; 74. 27. 
 
 circumdo, i, dedl, datus, place 
 round ; surround, build round, 
 encircle, enclose, 42. 4, 23. 
 
 circurasisto, 3, steti or stiti, — , 
 take a stand around; stand 
 around, surround, jfi. 24; 64.9. 
 
 circumvenio, 4, veni, ventus, 
 come around; surround, en- 
 compass, 40. 16; 52. 10. 
 
 Circus, T, M., circular line ; race- 
 course, especially the Circus 
 Maximus (an oval track be- 
 tween the Palatine and Aven- 
 tine hills, with room for 100,000 
 spectators), 42. 21-. 
 
 citharoedus, I, m., one who sings 
 to the accompaniment of the 
 cithara or lute, harpist, 4. 10. 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 125 
 
 Cito, I, freq. [cieo, stir\, put into 
 quick motion; urge, spur on, 
 46. 16. 
 
 Civilis, e, adj. [civis], of citizens ; 
 popular, civil, 63. i, 11. 
 
 civis, is, M. and F., dweller ; citi- 
 zen, fellow-citizen, 15. 17 ; 37. 
 29 ; 40. 10, etc. 
 
 ciyitas, atis, f. [civis], condition 
 of a citizen ; community, state, 
 37. 20; 38. I, 3, etc. 
 
 clades, is, f., destruction, loss, de- 
 feat, 60. 25. 
 
 clam, adv. and prep.: as adv., 
 secretly, 62. 6 ; 68. 16; 73. 23, 
 etc.; as prep. w. abl., without 
 the knowledge of, unknown to, 
 8. 23. 
 
 clamito, i, freq. [clamo], cry 
 aloud; bawl, shout, ig. 11; 
 _35- 26. 
 
 clamo, I, call, cry out, shout, 64. 
 12. 
 
 clamor, oris, m., calling; shout- 
 ing, shouts, noise, shriek, cry, 
 23. 17, 20, 23, etc. 
 
 clandestinus, a, um, adj. [clam], 
 secret, hidden, 42. I. 
 
 clangor, oris, M., calling ; noise, 
 sound, 42. 12. 
 
 clarus, a, um, adj., clear, loud, 
 53. 21 ; distinguished, famous, 
 eminent ; superl., 58. 19. 
 
 classis, is, f., calling; class 
 (great division of people ac- 
 cording to property), 44. 17; 
 fleet, 59. 6, 7; 62. 2, etc. 
 
 claudo, 3, sT, sus, shut; close, 
 , shut, 37. 20 ; 46. 25. 
 
 dementia, ae, f. [clemens, mild'\, 
 mildness, moderation, mercy, 
 kindness, 70. 9 ; 74. 8. 
 
 Clinias, ae, m., father of Alci- 
 biades, 66. i. 
 
 coactus. See cogo. 
 
 (coepio), 3, coepi, coeptus [for 
 coapio], lay hold of; make a 
 beginning, begin, commence, 9. 
 15; 10. 13 ; 12. 3, etc. 
 
 coerceo, 2, cul, citus [arce5], en- 
 close together; keep back, re- 
 strain, check,. 6S' 17- 
 
 COgitatio, onis, F. [cogito], think- 
 ing ; thought, resolution, project, 
 plan, 42. 16; 73. 19. Cf. 
 consilium. 
 
 cogito, I [agito], consider thor- 
 oughly ; ponder, weigh, reflect 
 upon, 22, 17. 
 
 cognomen, inis, N., surname, 
 second name, 60. 19. 
 
 cognoscS, 3, gnovi, gnitus, become 
 acquainted with; learn, ascer- 
 tain, find out, know, g. 14, 27 ; 
 6. 5, etc. 
 
 cogo, 3, egl, actus [ago], drive 
 together; drive, urge, compel, 
 force, 53. 9; 58. 9; 68. 20, etc. 
 Cf. compello, 33. 20. 
 
 Colchl, orum, M., inhabitants of 
 Colchis, Colchians, 8. 2. 
 
 Colchis, idis, F.,,a district east of 
 the Black Sea, 3. 9. 
 
 CoUatia, ae, f., a SaMne town 
 near Rome, 46. 18. 
 
 CoUatinus, a, um, adj., of Col- 
 latia. See Tarquinius, 46. 13. 
 
 COllis, is, M., elevation ; hill, 
 mount, 36. 21 ; 40. 14. 
 
 collum, 1, N., neck, 51. 20. 
 
 COlo, 3, uT, cultus, till ; cultivate, 
 devote oneself to, follow, practice, 
 36. 20 ; 59. 20 ; worship, 36. 
 22 ; dwell in, inhabit, 5. 19. 
 
126 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 color, oris, M., color, hue, tint, 
 
 i6. 5. 
 columba, ae, f., dove, 7. i8. 
 comes, itis, m. and F., one who 
 
 goes with ; companion, friend, 
 
 associate, attendant, 5. 18, 23; 
 
 53- 9. etc. 
 comitas, atis, f. [comis, cour- 
 
 teous'\, courtesy, kindness, 
 
 gentleness, 59. i. 
 Comitium, i, n., a coming together; 
 
 place for the assembly of the 
 
 Romans when voting by curiae, 
 
 59. 27. 
 commendatio, onis, f. [com- 
 
 mendd, commit^ entrusting; 
 
 excellence, worth, attraction, 
 
 66. 9. 
 commigro, i, entirely remove; 
 
 remove {to), enter, 42. to. 
 commimscor, 3, mentus, devise, 
 
 invent, contrive, 66. 21. 
 committo, 3, misi, missus, bring 
 
 together; consign, deliver, en- 
 trust, 3. 10; 29. ^. 
 commoror, i, delay, linger, wait, 
 
 4. 14, 21 ; 25. 25. 
 commoveo, 2, movi, motus, put 
 
 in violent motion ; move, excite, 
 
 disturb, provoke, 8. 6; 10. 17; 
 
 16. 2, etc. ; alarm, 30. 23 ; 74. 
 
 4 ; move, induce, influence, lead, 
 
 16. 18. 
 commiinio, ^, fortify on all sides, 
 
 intrench, barricade, 71. 26. 
 communis, e, adj., common, gen- 
 eral, public, 68. 27. 
 commiiniter, adv. [communis], 
 
 in common, jointly, together, 
 
 44. 20. 
 commiitatio, onis, f. [commute], 
 
 entire change, alteration, 69. 27. 
 
 commuto, i, wholly change; 
 
 chatige entirely, 58. 8. 
 COmpar, paris, adj., like; equal, 
 
 suitable, on equal terms, 35, 
 
 3- 
 
 COmparo, i, make ready, provide, 
 prepare, 1^. 15; 31. 23; 74. II, 
 etc.; establish, make, 42. 17 ; 
 plot, contrive, devise, 28. 10. 
 
 comparo, i [compar], bring to- 
 gether as equal ; compare, 34. 3. 
 
 compello, 3, pull, pulsus, drive 
 together; drive, force, cojistrain, 
 compel, 33. 20 ; 58. 4. Cf. 
 cogo, 53. 9. 
 
 compello, I, accost ; accuse, ar- 
 raign, 67. 27. 
 
 comperio, 4, per!, pertus, obtain 
 knowledge of; find out, ascer- 
 tain, 73. I. 
 
 COmplector, 3, plexus, fold to- 
 gether ; embrace, enfold, 29. 
 l; 42. 15. 
 
 comploratio, onis, r. [comploro, 
 bewail], lamentation, loud cry- 
 ing, wailing, 39. 19. 
 
 compliires, a or ia, more together ; 
 not a few, several, « number, 
 many, 41. 24; 70. 8. 
 
 compono, 3, posuT, positus, bring 
 together ; quiet, settle, bring to 
 an end, lay aside, 72. 17. 
 
 comports, i , bring together ; col- 
 lect, gather together, 3. 21. 
 Cf. conligS, 13. 14. 
 
 compositus, a, um, adj. [p. of 
 compono], well-placed ; ex 
 composite, by agreement, by a 
 preconcerted plan, 43. 17. 
 
 comprehendo, 3, di, ensus, bind 
 together ; catch, seize, take 
 prisoner, 58. 9 ; 61. 4. 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 127 
 
 conatus, us, m. [conor], attempt, 
 enterprise, undertaking, 21. 23. 
 
 concilio, i [concilium, meeting^, 
 procure by consultation ; bring 
 about, acquire, obtain, win, 36, 
 4; 37- 23- 
 
 concipio, 3, cepi, ceptus [capio], 
 take together ; think of, con- 
 ceive, 43. 3. 
 
 concito, I, freq. [concio, j-^«>- »/], 
 put in quick motion ; rouse, 
 impel, stir up, goad on, 40. 13. 
 
 COnclamo, ij cry out together; 
 cry aloud, shout, 38. 22 ; 46. 
 
 23- 
 Concordia, ae, f. [concors, of the 
 
 same mind\, agreeing together ; 
 
 harmony, agreement, 50. i, 5 ; 
 
 52. 20, etc. 
 concupisco, 3, ivi, Ttus, inch. 
 
 [cupio], long for, be very desir- 
 ous of, aspire to, 59. 16; 71. 23. 
 concurro, 3, rior cucurri, cursus, 
 
 run together, dash together, 7. 
 
 14,21; 10. 10; rush together 
 
 in battle, join battle, fight, 38. 
 
 17; hurry, hasten, iz. 8. 
 concursus, iis, m. [concurro], 
 
 running together; onset, en^ 
 
 counter, shock, 38. 18. 
 condemno, i [damno], condemn 
 
 entirely ; find guilty, condemn 
 
 to death, doom, 39. 26. 
 condicio, onis, f., agreement, 
 
 terms ; condition, situation, cir- 
 cumstance, 53, 14. 
 condo, 3, didi, ditus, put together ; 
 
 build, establish, found, 34. 1 1 ; 
 
 42. 6 ; put away, lay up, store, 
 
 20. 5j 47. 16. 
 conduco, 3, duxT, ductus, draw 
 her; induce, lead, jr. i8. 
 
 conecto, 3, — , nexus, bind to- 
 gether, join, tie, 24. 14. 
 
 confero, ferre, tull, latus, bring 
 together; gather, collect, pile, 
 heap, 63. 13; 74. 13; w. se, 
 betake oneself, go, 2. 18; 8. 
 4; 9- 9> etc.; bestow, confer, 
 31. 16 ; 48. 14. 
 
 confestim, adv., immediately, 
 without delay, at once, 59. 5. 
 
 conficio, 3, feci, fectus [facio], 
 make completely; accomplish, 
 do, g. 3, 17, 23 ; 10. 17, etc. ; 
 make, work, 26. 5 ; 39. 18 ; 
 bring to an end, 63. i ; weaken, 
 exhaust, overcome, 10. 14 ; 14. 
 7, 17, etc. ; finish, kill, 39. 13 ; 
 
 74- 15- 
 
 confidentia, ae, f. [confidens, 
 trusting^ confidence, boldness, 
 assurance, 47. 12. 
 
 confirms, 1, make firm ; make 
 steady, 9. i ; affirm, assert, 16. 
 2 ; 19. I ; 30. 24. 
 
 conflagro, i, burn completely; 
 burn, burn up, be destroyed by 
 fire, 41. 4. 
 
 confligo, 3, flixi, flictus, strike to- 
 gether ; strike, dash together, 
 7. 19 ; contend, fight, beat war, 
 
 _44- 5; 72- 14. 17- 
 conflo, 1, blmv up; bring about, 
 
 produce, cause, incur, 60. i. 
 C0nflu5, 3, fluxl, — ,flow together; 
 
 flock together, assemble, be 
 
 gathered, 70. 14. 
 confodio, 3, fodi, fossus, dig up ; 
 
 transfix, stab, pierce, 52. 1 1 ; 
 
 63. 29; 64. 17. 
 confugio, 3, fugl, — , flee, take 
 
 refuge, run for protection, 34. 
 
 23; 61. 28. 
 
12S 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 congressus, us, m., coming to- 
 gether ; meeting, conference, in- 
 terview, 37. 27. 
 
 COngruo, 3, ui, — , come together; 
 agree, coincide, correspond, 
 34. 6. 
 
 conicio, 3, ieci, iectus [iacioj, 
 throw together; throw, hurl, 
 cast, 10. 10; 13. 10; 15. 7, etc. 
 
 coniungo, 3, iunxi, iunctus, 
 fasten together; join, unite, 
 connect, w. ace. and dat., 42. 5 ; 
 
 45- 9- 
 
 coniunx, ugis, m. and F., one 
 joined with another ; husband, 
 15. 16; 44. i; 45. 13, etc.; 
 wife, 33. 14; 35. 7; 42. 9, etc. 
 Cf. vir ; uxor. 
 
 coniuratio, onis, F. [coniurS], 
 uniting in oath; conspiracy, 
 plot, 67. 25. 
 
 coniuratus, a, um, adj. [p. of 
 coniuro], bound together with 
 an oath; as noun, M. pi., con- 
 spirators, 64. 9, 13. 
 
 coniiiro, i , swear together ; con- 
 spire, plot, pledge oneself, 46. 
 24; 63. 27. 
 
 conlabor, 3, lapsus,/?// together ; 
 sink, fall, 52. 1 2. 
 
 conlega (collega), ae, ^i., partner 
 in office, colleague,- associate, 60. 
 1, 10 ; 63. 24, etc. 
 
 conligo, 3, legi, Iectus [lego, 
 gather^ gather together; get 
 together, pick up, collect, 13. 14; 
 71. 27. Cf. comporto, 3. 21. 
 
 conloquium, i, n. [conloquor], 
 talking with ; conference, con- 
 versation, 37. 24. 
 
 conloquor, 3, cutus, talk, confer, 
 parley, 69. 20, 
 
 Conor, 1 , undertake ; seek, try, 
 attempt, 5. 20; 7. i ; 19. 9, etc. 
 
 conqueror, 3, questus, lament, 
 deplore, complain (of), accuse, 
 45. 24; 48. II. 
 
 conscendo, 3, ndl, ensus 
 [scando], climb together; 
 mount, 16. 20 ; go on board, 
 embark on, 12. 14 ; 25. 7 j 62. 6. 
 
 conscribo, 3, ipsi, iptus, write to- 
 gether ; enlist, enroll, levy, 
 raise, 41. 23. 
 
 consecro, i [sacro, make sacred'], 
 consecrate, ■ dedicate, devote, 
 
 37- I- 
 
 consecutus. See consequor. 
 
 consensio, onis, f. [consentiS], 
 agreeing together ; combination, 
 plot, conspiracy, 67. 11. 
 
 consensus, us, m. [c5nsenli6], 
 agreement; abl. w. omnium, 
 ^ by common consent, unani- 
 mously, 27. 16. 
 
 consentio, 4, sensi, sensus, agree 
 together ; agree, accord, unite, 
 
 75- 5- 
 
 consequor, 3, %e.zvX\\s,, follow up ; 
 overtake, catch tip, reach, 39. 8 ; 
 follow, succeed, 5. 11 ; attain, 
 acquire, get, 42. 19; 46. 2 ; 67. 
 1, etc. 
 
 consero, 3, uT, sertus, bind to- 
 gether ; join, begin, fight, 35. 
 23 ; w. manus, fight hand to 
 hand, come to close quarters, 
 38. 20. 
 
 considero, i, look at closely, re- 
 .gard attentively, examine, 34. 3. 
 
 consido, 3, sedi, sessus, sit down 
 together ; take a position, station 
 oneself, form, 38. 15; 55. 10; 
 56. 20, etc. 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 129 
 
 consilium, i, n., deliberation ; 
 counsel, advice, lo. 7 ; 36. g j 
 design, purpose, 7. 12; 8. 21; 
 plan, scheme, 3. 8 ; 8. 23 ; g. 
 7; 13- 5> etc.; will, intention, 
 16. 23 ; 24. 2 ; sagacity, wis- 
 dom, foresight, ability, 22. 15; 
 44. 3 ; 66. 6, etc. Cf. cogitatio. 
 
 consisto, 3, stiti, stitus, stand to- 
 gether ; stand still, halt, stop, 
 hold, 61. 22. 
 
 conspectus, iis, m., seeing; sight, 
 view, 13. 16; 26. 13; 36. 13, 
 etc. 
 
 couspicio, 3, spexi, spectus, look 
 at attentively ; see, perceive, 12. 
 ,6; 40. 2. 
 
 conspicor, i, get sight of, descry, 
 espy,' see, 48. 16; 49. 11; 51. 
 3. etc. 
 
 constantia, ae, f. [constans, 
 standing together^ firmness; 
 perseverance, steadiness, faith- 
 fulness, 47. 12. 
 
 consterno, i, confound, terrify, 
 alarm ; pf . p., panic-stricken, 
 35- 25. 
 
 constituo, 3, ui, utus, put to- 
 gether ; set up, place, station, 
 72. 6 ; establish, make, consti- 
 tute, 36. 10; rear, build, found, 
 dedicate, 36. 21 ; 74. 3 ; ar- 
 range, determine on, appoinf, 
 fix, 2. 24; g. 9; 27. 22, etc.; 
 determine, decide, resolve, z. 7 ; 
 3. II ; 10. 21, etc. 
 
 consto, I, stiti, staturus, stand 
 with ; consist of, g. 6 ; 18. 25 ; 
 constat, impers., it is agreed 
 or known, 17. 2 ; 18. 7 ; 47. 
 16, etc. 
 
 consuesco, 3, suevi, suetus, accus- 
 
 tom ; usually in perfect system, 
 be accustomed, be wont, 4. 4 ; 
 22. 23; 68. 23, etc. 
 
 consuetudo, inis, F., custom, habit, 
 usage, 68. i ; 75. 17. jCf. mos. 
 
 consul, ulis, M., consul, highest 
 magistrate of the Roman 
 people, 60. 5, 18, 19, etc. 
 
 consulatus, us, m. [consul], office 
 of consul, consulship, consulate, 
 60. 21 ; 61. 17; 63. 24. 
 
 consulo, 3, uT, Itus, consider; 
 consult, inquire of, seek counsel, 
 
 2. 17; 47. 18. 
 
 consumo, 3, psi, ptus, take to- 
 gether ; spend, pass, consume, 
 
 3. 24; 18. II ; 31. 17; exhaust, 
 overcome, 53. 3. 
 
 contego, 3, texi, tectus, cover up, 
 
 conceal, 74, 25. 
 contemno, 3, temps!, temptus, 
 
 value little, disdain, despise, 48. 
 
 9i 51-8; 53- 10. 
 contemplor, i, gaze at; think 
 
 over, consider, reflect on, 53. 21. 
 
 Cf. cogito, 22. 17. 
 contemptus, iis, m., despising; 
 
 contempt, scorn, 55. 10. 
 contendo, 3, di, tus, strive; 
 
 strive, exert oneself, 7. 23 ; 12. 
 
 24; ig. 19, etc. ; hasten, hurry, 
 
 II. 7; 24. 24; 45. II, etc.; 
 
 ask, solicit, entreat, 58. 14. 
 contentio, onis, F., straining to- 
 gether ; straining, exertion, 51. 
 
 4 ; dispute, quarrel, controversy, 
 
 34. 12. Cf. controversia, 10. 12. 
 contentus, a, um, adj. [p. of con- 
 
 tineo], content, satisfied, pleased, 
 
 73. 17- 
 contezo, 3, uT, tus, weave, make, 
 16. 4. 
 
130 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 contineo, 2, ui, tentus [teneo], 
 hold together; hold in check, 
 restrain, 37. 29. 
 
 continuus, a, um, adj., holding 
 together ; continuous, successive, 
 in succession. 
 
 contio, onis, F. [for conventio], 
 coming together; meeting, as- 
 sembly, 36. 12, 17; 67. 27, etc. 
 
 contra, adv. and prep., in opposi- 
 tion; on the other hand, while, 
 6g. 18 ; 72. 9, 21 ; as prep. w. 
 ace, against, 9. 13; 29. 21; 
 62. 27. 
 
 contraho, 3, axl, actus, draw to- 
 gether ; contract, assemble, col- 
 lect, get together, 59. 6. 
 
 contrarius, a, um, adj. [contra], 
 lying over against; opposite, 
 contrary, 6l. $. 
 
 controversia, ae, f. [contro- 
 versus, disputed^ dispute, 
 quarrel, contention, 10. 1 2 ; 
 27. 15. Cf. contentiS, 34. 12. 
 
 contuli. See confers. 
 
 conubium, i, n., wedding together; 
 marriage, alliance by marriage, 
 34-25; 35- 3- 
 
 COnralescd, 3, ui, — , inch., grow 
 wholly well; recover, regain 
 health, 44. 12. 
 
 convenio, 4, veni, ventus, come 
 together ; assemble, gather, flock 
 together, 2. 23, 25 ; 3. 20, etc. ; 
 meet, 73. 21 ; agree, accord, be 
 suited (to), 67. 15. Cf. con- 
 gruo, 34. 6. 
 
 converts, 3, ti, sus, turn com- 
 pletely ; turn, direct, fix, draw, 
 33. 8; 61. 4, 23, etc. ; change, 
 transform, 28. 18 ; 29. 16; 30. 
 10, etc.; pass., turn oneself, 63. i. 
 
 convinco, 3, vici, victus, over- 
 come ; convict, expose, 63. 6. 
 convivium, I, n., living together ; 
 
 feast, banquet, 28. II ; 46. 17. 
 COnvOCO, I, call together, summon, 
 
 assemble, 23. 10; 27. II ; 31. 
 
 19, etc. 
 coorior, 4, ortus, come forth ; 
 
 arise, appear, break, burst, 4. 
 
 24 ; 18. 14 ; 26. 23, etc. 
 cophinus, i, m., basket, 60. 1 1. 
 copia, ae, f. [ops], abundance; 
 
 supply, amount, 5. 14 ; 20. 4; 
 
 pi., forces, troops, 62. 3; 72. 
 
 14 ; number, 63. 12. 
 copiose, adv. [copiosus, plenti- 
 ful~\, in great abundance, 52. y. 
 coram, adv. and prep. [6s], before 
 
 the face; as prep. vv. abl., before, 
 
 in the presence of, 48. 5. 
 Corinthus, T, f., Corinth, 15. 21. 
 corium, 1, n., ski7i, hide, leather, 
 
 26. 5. 
 Cornelia, ae, F., wife of Julius 
 
 Caesar and daughter of L. 
 
 Cornelius Cinna, 58. ^. 
 cornii, us, n., horn, 56. 19. 
 corona, ae, f., garland, wreath, 
 
 70. 26. 
 corpus, oris, N., thing formed ; 
 
 body, form, 6. 9 ; g. J, 3, etc. ; 
 
 dead body, corpse, 45. 16. 
 corrlgo, 3, rexl, rectus [rego], 
 
 make straight; set right, amend, 
 
 make up for, 40. 12; 61. 8; 
 
 63. 2. 
 corripio, 3, uT, reptus [rapio], 
 
 seize, snatch up, grasp, 21. 7 ; 
 
 22. 6 ; 25. 13, etc. 
 corrumpo, 3, rupi, ruptus, destroy; 
 
 bribe, buy over, corrupt, 71. 
 
 18. 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 131 
 
 COrruo, 3, m, — , fall together ; 
 
 fall, sink down, 53. 4. 
 corvus, I, M., raven, 54. 5, 7. 
 cos, c5tis, F., flint-stone, whet- 
 stone, 43. 5. 
 COttidie, adv. [quot, dies], daily, 
 
 every day, 50. 1 2. 
 Crassus, i, m., Marcus Crassus, 
 
 a contemporary of Caesar, 
 
 60. 6. 
 cratera, ae, f., mixing-bowl ; 
 
 wine or punch-bowl, bowl, 22. 
 
 24 ; 23. 2, 4. 
 Crebro, adv. [creber, frequent'], 
 
 repeatedly, frequently, often, 
 
 many times, 55. 14. 
 credo, 3, didl, ditus, put faith in ; 
 
 believe, stippose, hold true, 26. 
 
 18 ; 28. 2 ; 36. 15, etc. 
 cremo, i, burn, consume with 
 
 fire, 74. 25. 
 creo, I, bring forth ; cause to be, 
 
 choose, make, select, 15. ig; 37. 
 
 2 ; 38. 5, etc. 
 Creon, ontis, m., king of Corinth, 
 
 IS- 21. 
 cresco, 3, evi, etus, come into 
 
 being'; be enlarged, increase, 
 
 grow, 40. 22 ; 69. 18 ; 72. 2. 
 crimen, inis, "s. , judgment ; crime, 
 
 fault, offence, 67. 27. 
 crinis, is, m., hair, locks, tresses,- 
 
 36. 2; 39. 18. 
 Critias, ae (i), M., one of the 
 
 Thirty Tyrants at Athens, 
 
 73. 26. 
 cruciatns, us, m. [crucio, put to 
 
 the rack], torture, torment, 16. 
 
 12. 
 crudelis, e, adj. [crfldus, bloody'], 
 
 cruel, fierce, pitiless, barbarous, 
 
 painful, 27. 13 i super!., 6. 7. 
 
 criidelitas, atis, F. [crudelis], 
 
 cruelty, harshness, severity, 
 
 68. 15. 
 cruentus, a, um, adj ., spotted with 
 
 blood ; stained, marked, 56. 7. 
 crux, crucis, f., gallows, cross, 
 
 59. 10. 
 culex, icis, u.,gnat, midge, 56. 19. 
 culpa, ae, F., fault, error, blame, 
 
 neglect, 70. 18 ; 71. 17. 
 culpo, I [culpa], blame, censure, 
 
 reproach. 
 CUlter, tri, M., that which cuts ; 
 
 knife, razor, 46. 23. 
 cultus, us, M., care ; way of life, 
 
 personal life, 75. 14. 
 cum, prep. w. abl., with, together 
 
 with, attended by, 4. 17; 5. 
 
 1, 5, etc. 
 cum, conj., when, while, after, 
 
 since, although, ■^. 9, 10, 13, 
 
 etc. ; cum primum, as soon as, 
 
 53. 12 ; 54. 7; cum . . . turn, 
 
 not only . . . but also, 72. 2. 
 cunae, arum, F., cradle, 56. 2, 5, 
 
 7, etc. 
 cunctor, 1, delay, linger, hesitate. 
 
 Cf. moror. 
 cupiditas, atis, F. [cupidus], 
 
 longing; desire, ambition, eager- 
 ness, 2. 3 ; 14. 14; 27. 4. 
 cupido, inis, F., desire, wish, 
 
 longing, 18. 12. 
 cupidus, a, um, adj., longing, 
 
 desirous, eager, anxious, 26. 3 ; 
 
 56. 13. 
 cupio, 3, ivJ, itus, long for; desire, 
 
 wish, 58. 15; 73. 20. 
 cur, interrog. adv. [cm rei], why? 
 
 10. II ; 35. 2; 48. 16. 
 Cures, ium, f., ancient capital of 
 
 the Sabines, 36. 24. 
 
132 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 curia, ae, f., court, ward, curia, 
 , 36. 1 1 i senate-house, 45. 1 1, 14 ; 
 
 60. 14. 
 CurJatius, 1, m., one of the 
 
 Curiatii, 38. 11. 
 euro, I [cura, care^ care for, take 
 
 care. 
 curro, 3, cucurri, cursus, move 
 
 quickly; run, rush, hasten, 
 
 15- 2- 
 currus, us, m., a running; chariot, 
 
 car, 16. 18, 20. 
 cursus, us, M., running, 39. II; 
 
 course (of a ship),^. 24; 6. i ; 
 
 18. 15, etc.; passage, movement, 
 
 course, 13. 10; 37. 17; 63. 
 
 3- 
 
 curulis, e, adj., w. sella, curule- 
 chair, official seat, 37. 3. 
 
 custodio, 4 [custos], watch ; pro- 
 tect, watch aver, guard, preserve, 
 II. I5j 37. 15; 56. ^. 
 
 custos, odis, M. and F., guard ; 
 watchman, watcher, gtiardian, 
 guard, 56. 4, 8 ; 68. 17, etc. 
 
 Cyclops, opis, M. [Grk., round 
 eye'], one of the fabulous' giants 
 on the coast of Italy, 20. 11. 
 
 Cyme, es, f., a city of Aetolia, 
 71. 14. 
 
 Cyrus, I, M., brother of the Per- 
 sian king Artaxerxes, 73. 22. 
 
 Cyzicus, i, F., a city in Mysia, 
 4. 20. 
 
 Daci, orum, M., Dacians, a war- 
 like tribe in modern upper 
 Hungary, 63. 16. 
 
 damno, i [damnum], adjudge 
 guilty; sentence, doom, con- 
 demn, 68. 18; 71. 5. 
 
 damnum, i, N., damage, hurt, 
 harm, injury, 25. 16. 
 
 Dareius, i, m., king of Persia, 
 6g. 16. 
 
 de, prep. w. abl., about, concern- 
 ing, for, z. 14; 12. 3 ; 20. 12, 
 etc. ; over, 42. 22. 
 
 dea, ae, p., goddess ; nymph, 37. 
 24, 27. 
 
 debeo, 2, ul, itus [for dehibeo 
 (habeo)], withhold, owe; w. 
 infin., ought, must, should, 45. 
 ' ; 55- 4; pass, be due, 54. 17. 
 
 debitus, a, um, adj. [p. of debeo], 
 owed ; due, appropriate, be- 
 coming, 25. 10 ; 30. 22. 
 
 decedo, 3, cessi, cessus, go away: ., 
 withdraw, depart, go away, 
 
 4S- >5- 
 
 Decelea, ae, f., a town in northern 
 Attica, 6g. 2. 
 
 decern, num. adj., indecl., ten, 3. 
 24 ; 17. I ; 18. II, etc. 
 
 decerno, 3, crevi, cretus, decide, 
 determine, 34. 13 ; 68. 6 ; vote, 
 decree, 63. 28 ; 64. 23 ; 71. 10. 
 
 decimus, a, um, adj. [decern], 
 tenth, 18. 17 ; sextus et deci- 
 mus, sixteenth, 58. 2. 
 
 decipio, 3, cepi, ceptus [capio], 
 take off one's guard ; deceive, 
 entrap, ensnare, catch, 69. 14. 
 
 declaro, i, disclose; set forth, 
 make manifest, prove, show, 
 49. 8. 
 
 decorus, a, um, adj. [decor, come- 
 liness'], becoming; beautiful, 
 handsome, adorned, 48. 13. 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 133 
 
 decretus. See decerno. 
 decurro, 3, cucurri or curri, cur- 
 
 sus, run or hasten down, rush 
 
 to the shore, 5, 6. 
 decus, oris, N., grace ; splendor, 
 
 ornament, adornment, 44. 19. 
 decutio, 3, cussi, cussus [quatio], 
 
 shake off; strike off, 46. 8. 
 dedo, 3, didi, ditus, give from ; 
 
 give up, resign, surrender, yield, 
 
 22. 13; 31. 10; 41.^7, etc. 
 deduce, 3, duxi, ductus, take or 
 
 carry down, bring, 27. 16 ; con- 
 duct, escort, accompany, 39. 15 ; 
 
 launch, ^. id ; 11. 6; 12.21, etc. 
 defatigatio, onis, f. [defatlgo], 
 
 a wearying; weariness, fatigue, 
 
 exhaustion. 
 defatlgo, i; weary out ; exhaust, 
 
 tire, 51. 5 ; 53. 20. 
 defendo, 3, ndl, ensus, ward off; 
 
 protect, defend, 19. II ; 33. 19; 
 
 55. 4, etc. 
 defero, ferre, tull, latus, bring 
 
 away ; drive off, carry, force, 
 
 18. 17 ; refer, bring before, 
 
 60. 9. 
 deficio, 3, feci, fectus [facio], 
 
 make from ; intr., be wanting, 
 
 fail, run out, 5. 15 ; 27. 10. 
 deformitas, atis, f. [deformis, 
 
 misshapen^ blemish, deformity, 
 
 64. 21 ; ugliness, hideousness, 
 
 48. 6. 
 defunctus, a, um, adj. (p. of 
 
 defungor, have done with), 
 
 dead, 61. 10. 
 deicio, 3, iecl, iectus [iacio], 
 
 throw down; bring down, let 
 
 fall, 43. 19 ; throw down, push 
 
 down, 45'. 12; 55. 8; 67. 8; 
 
 cast, drive, force, 5. ^. 
 
 dein, adv. = deinde, 64. 15; 68. 
 
 17 ; 69. 2. 
 deinceps, adv. one after another, 
 
 in turn, 38. 2. 
 deinde, adv., from here; then, 
 
 afterwards, next, 24. 16; 33. 
 
 15, 16, etc. ; from that time on, 
 
 thereafter, 40. 25 ; hereafter, 
 
 34. 19. Cf. turn, 
 delabor, 3, lapsus, glide down ; 
 
 fall, descend, 16. 26; 37. ip ; 
 
 54- 12- 
 
 deleo, 2, evi, etus, erase ; destroy, 
 overthrow, 41 . 24 ; bring to an 
 end, finish, 73. 4. 
 
 deliberabundus, a, um, adj. [de- 
 libero, ponder^ pondering, 
 reflecting, in a " brown study" 
 46. 6. 
 
 deliro, i, — , — [dellrus, silly^, 
 be crazy, dote, rave, 47. 8. 
 
 delictum, i, n., failing; fault, 
 offence, crime, 72. 22. Cf. 
 culpa, 70. 18. 
 
 deligo, 3, legl, Iectus [lego], 
 choose from ; pick out, select, 
 choose, 4. 14 ; 22. 18; 24. 14, etc. 
 
 delinquo, 3, llqui, lictus, fail ; 
 do wrong, transgress, sin, 57. 5. 
 
 Delphi, orum, M., a Phooian city, . 
 famous for its oracle, 2. 17. 
 
 demigro, 1, go off, depart, emi- 
 grate, 68. 23. 
 
 demitto, 3, misl, missus, send 
 down, let fall, hurl, 37. 5 ; lose, 
 22. I ; pf. p. demJssus, down- 
 cast, dejected, low, 13. 20. 
 
 demonstro, i, point out; show, 
 indicate, tell, prove, 2. 19 ; 3. 
 7, 14, etc. 
 
 denego, i, reject, refuse, deny, 
 58. 13. 
 
134 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 dens, dentis, m., tooth, 8. 15; g. 
 
 18, 20, etc. 
 denuo, adv. [de novo], once more, 
 
 a second time, again, 47. 10. 
 
 Cf. iterum. 
 depell5, 3, puli, pulsus, drive out, 
 
 drive from, 72. 16; remove, 
 
 banish, satisfy, appease, 21. 13 ; 
 
 30. S ; turn aside, divert, 21. i. 
 deploro, i, weep bitterly, bewail, 
 
 lament, 53. 7. 
 depono, 3, posul, positus, put 
 
 down or away, lay aside, 53. 20 ; 
 
 give up, 13. 5 ; 21. II ; appease, 
 
 21. 13. 
 deporto, i, carry off, bring home, 
 
 68. 13. 
 depreCOT, i, avert by prayer; 
 
 pray, intercede, plead, 58. 12. 
 deprehendo, 3, di, ensus, take 
 
 away; surprise, come upon, 
 
 discover, 46. 17 ; 55. i. 
 depulso, I, — , — , freq., thrust 
 
 away ; keep off, repel, 55. 4. 
 derideo, 2,"rlsl, risus, laugh at ; 
 
 scoff at, mock, 47. 5. 
 deripio, 3, ul, reptus [rapio], tear 
 
 from OT away, snatch, ji. 17,21. 
 descendo, 3, di, ensus [scando, 
 
 climb'], climb down ; comedown, 
 
 go down, 31. 20; 45. 2; 49. 
 
 I, etc.; descend, alight, yj. ^. 
 descisc5, 3, ivi, itus, withdraw, 
 
 desert, be unfaithful, 69. 11. 
 describo, 3, psi, ptus, write off ; 
 
 portion off, allot, assign, divide, 
 
 37- 17- 
 
 desero, 3, m, TtviS, unbind ; leave, 
 forsake, desert, 10. 26; 38. 23; 
 56. 12. 
 
 desiderium, 1, n., [desidero] long- 
 ing, wish, desire, 31. 18. 
 
 desidero, i, greatly desire, long 
 
 for. Cf. cupi5, 58. 15. 
 desillo, 4, ilui, ultus [salio,], leap 
 
 down, jump overboard, 29. 7. 
 desipio, 3, — , — [sapio], be void 
 
 of understanding, be silly, act 
 
 foolishly, 47. 4. 
 desisto, 3, stiti, stilus, stay from ; 
 
 leave off, cease, stop, give up, 13. 
 
 17 ; 21. 23; 31. 27. 
 despero, i, be hopeless ; have no 
 
 hope, despair of, give up, 12. 3; 
 
 21. 25 ; 22. 16; 51. 9. 
 despondeo, 2, di, onsus, promise 
 
 to give ; promise in marriage, 
 
 betroth, 39. 16 ; w. animSs, be 
 
 despondent. 
 destino, i , make fast ; fix upon, 
 
 design, -resolve, 63. 10. 
 destituo, 3, ui, utus [statuo], set 
 
 down ; forsake, abandon, desert, 
 
 disappoint, 69. 23. 
 desum, esse, fui, be from; be 
 
 wanting, fail, 34. 22. 
 desuper, adv., from- above, from 
 
 overhead, 7. 4. 
 detego, 3, exi, ectus, uncover, ex- 
 pose, bare, 65. 3. 
 deterior, ius, gen. ioris [de], lower; 
 
 worse, poorer, harder, 53. 14. 
 deterred, 2, ui, \\.\is, frighten off ; 
 
 discourage, prevent, deter, 29. 
 
 19; 42. 24. 
 detineo, 2, ui, tentus [teneo], 
 
 hold off; detain, keep a prisoner, 
 
 61. 15. 
 detractor, oris, M., disparager. 
 detraho, 3, axi, actus, draw off; 
 
 take or throw off, remove, 53. 
 
 6 ; 61. 5.^ 
 deiiro, 3, ussi, ustUs, burn up, 
 
 destroy, 47. 6. 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 135 
 
 deus, 1, M., god, deity, 7. 24, 26 ; 
 
 8. 8, etc. 
 devincio, 4, nxl, nctus, bind fast; 
 
 lay under obligation, attach to 
 
 oneself, 67. 17. 
 devinco, 3, vici, victus, conquer 
 
 completely, overcome, subdue, 
 
 62. 26. 
 
 devoro, i, swallow eagerly ; gulp 
 down, devour, consume, 21. 8j 
 22. 7 ; 23. 8, etc. 
 
 devotio, onis, f. [devoveo], curs- 
 ing, outlawry, 68. 21 ; 71. 7. 
 
 devoveo, 2, vovi, -votwstvowaway; 
 curse, execrate, 68. 20; 71. 7. 
 
 dextera or dextra, ae, f. [dexter, 
 right, sc. nanus], right hand, 
 61. s- 
 
 diadema, atis, n., royal head- 
 dress, crown, 63. 25. 
 
 Diana, ae, F. [for Divana], shin- 
 ing one ; goddess Diana, 44. 20. 
 
 dico, 3, dixi, dictus, say, 14. 23 ; 
 declare, tell, assert, 8. 11; 
 18. 6, etc. ; call, name, 45. 
 18 ; name, appoint, 2. 24 ; 3. 
 20; plead, 68. 10; dicendl, 
 speaking, oratory, 58. 19 ; pro- 
 nounce (jtidgment), 63. 6. 
 
 dictator, oris, M. [dicto, dictate'], 
 dictator, a Roman magistrate 
 with unlimited power, chosen 
 in great emergencies, 63. 20. 
 
 dictum, 1, N. [dico], something 
 said ; command, order, words, 
 
 44- 13- 
 dies, iei, m., light; day, 2. 9, 23, 
 24, etc., in dies, day by day, 
 
 63. 10. 
 
 difficilis, e, adj. [facilis], not easy; 
 hard, dif/icult, perilous, 3. i6j 
 8. 10. 
 
 difBcultas, atis, F. [difficilis], 
 difficulty, trouble, q. 12; 11. 13. 
 
 difiido, 3, fisus sum, distrust; 
 despair, have no hope, 74. 1 5. 
 
 digitus, i, u., finger, 55. 2. 
 
 dignitas, atis, F. [dignus], worthi- 
 ness; rank, authority, distinc- 
 tion, honor, 42. 18; 44. I ; 61. 
 14 ; magnificence, splendor, 
 75- 8. 
 
 digredior, 3, gressus, go apart ; 
 go away, depart, 47. 15. 
 
 dilanio, i, tear to pieces, strip off, 
 55- 21. 
 
 diligentia, ae, f. [diligens, indus- 
 trious], attentiveness ; care, in- 
 dustry, diligence, application, 4. 
 I ; 9. 16, 19, etc. 
 
 diligo, 3, lexi, lectus [lego], j;«^/f 
 out ; esteem, love, 71. 21. 
 
 diliicesco, 3, luxl, — , inch, [dflu- 
 ceo, shine forth"], grow light, 
 dawn, 5. 7. 
 
 dimicatio, onis, f. \&xms.o\, fight- 
 ing, struggle, fight, 46. I J. 
 
 dimico, i, contend, fight, 35. 25 ; 
 38. 12; 44. 5, etc. 
 
 dimitto, 3, misi, missus, send 
 different ways ; send out, de- 
 spatch, 2. 23 53. 18 ; 59. 2 ; 
 let go, drop, 55. 2 ; renounce, 
 divorce, neglect, 73. 3. 
 
 dirigo, 3, exi, ectus [rego], lay 
 straight; direct, aim, steer, 
 drive, 62. 9. 
 
 diruo, 3, ui, utus, tear apart.; 
 overthrow, demolish, destroy, 
 40. 20. 
 
 dirus, a, um, adj., ill-omened; 
 fearful, dreadful, violent, 6. 6 ; 
 16. 5, 12. 
 
 discedo, 3, cessi, cessus,^^ apart; 
 
136 
 
 VOCABl/LARV. 
 
 depart, go away, leave, 31. 12 ; 
 51. 5; 61. 16, etc. ; e vita, die, 
 14. 10; separate, open, 7. 21. 
 
 discordia, ae, F. [discors, inhar- 
 monious], disunion, dissension, 
 discord, 52. 21. 
 
 discordo, i, — , — [discors, in- 
 harmonious], be at variance, 
 quarrel, 52. 16. 
 
 discrimen, inis, n., that which de- 
 cides ; peril, risk, danger, 10. 
 25 ; 12. 23 ; 22. 3, etc. 
 
 discurro, 3, ri and cucurri, cur- 
 sus, run different ways, run 
 hither and thither, run about, 
 
 35- 9- 
 disertus, a, um, adj. [p. of dis- 
 
 sero, examine^, tested ; skilful, 
 
 clever, fluent, 66. 8. 
 disicio, 3, iecl, iectus [iaciS], 
 
 throw about; scatter, disperse, 
 
 18. 16. 
 dispergo, 3, si, sus [spargo], 
 
 scatter, disperse. 
 displice5, 2, ul, itus [places], 
 
 displease, be unsatisfactory, 
 
 60. 7. 
 dispute, i, weigh apart ; argue, 
 
 discuss, have a dispute, 59. 13. 
 dissensio, onis, f. [dissentio, 
 
 differ], difference; disagree- 
 ment, quarrel. 
 dissidium, I, n., sitting apart ; 
 
 dissension, dispute, quarrel, 
 
 50. 3- 
 dissimilis, e, adj. [similis], not 
 
 like ; unlike, different, 38. 5. 
 dissimilitudo, inis, F. [dissimilis], 
 
 unlikeness, difference, 66. 16. 
 dissimulo, i , represent as unlike; 
 
 conceal, keep secret, hide, re- 
 press, 35. 4. 
 
 dissoliitus, a, um, adj. [p. of dis- 
 solve, loosen], loosened ; care- 
 less, free, dissolute, 66. 14. 
 
 distraho, 3, axl, actus, drag 
 apart ; draw away, separate, 
 divide, 39. i ; drag, pull 
 asunder, tear apart, 40. 19. 
 
 distlibuo, 3, ul, iitus, assign 
 apart ; assign, divide, distribute, 
 36. II; 44. 17; 52. 19. 
 
 ditissimus, a, um, adj., superl. of 
 dis, ditis, wealthy, rich, 66. 20. 
 
 diii, a.dv., by day ; a long time, 
 long, 5. 24 ; 8. 6 ; 14. 6, etc. ; 
 diiitius, 31. :6 ; 62. 4 ; 69. 13; 
 diiitissime, 72. 8. 
 
 diuturnus, a, um, adj. [diii], long, 
 of long duration, lasting, linger- 
 ing, 41. I ; 53. 13 ; 71. 9. 
 
 divello, 3, vein, volsusor vulsus, 
 teiir apart, 21. 8. 
 
 diversus, a, um, adj. [p. of 
 diverto, turn different ways], 
 opposite, different, contrary, 23. 
 15; 40. 19 ; 66. 16. 
 
 dives, Itis, adj., wealthy, rich, 
 66. 10. 
 
 divide, 3, visi, visus, divide, 
 separate, 27. 17; 54. 16; 
 divide (among), distribute, 60. 
 8. 
 
 divinitus, adv. [divlnus], from 
 heaven ; by divine influence, 
 miraculously, 36. i. 
 
 divinus, a, um, adj. [divus, ^^li/], 
 of a god, divine, 47. 2. 
 
 divitiae, arum, f. [dives], riches, 
 treasures, wealth, 50. 16. 
 
 do, dare, dedl, datus, hand over ; 
 give over, give, commit, consign, 
 g. 2, 14; 10. 8, etc.; give up, 
 resign, 21. 13; bestow, 6. 22; 
 
VOCABULARY. 137 
 
 34. 12 ; 45. 6; grant, allow, 35. dormio, 4, sleep, slumber, 10. 3; 
 15; offer, 30.6; pay, 50. 9; 11. 21; 16. 24, etc. 
 
 propose, 15. 8; w. negotium, dorsum, T, N., back; slope, ridge, 
 
 charge, assign, entrust, 3. 12, 63. 16. 
 
 22 ; 74. 12 ; w. se, rush, plunge, draco, onis, M., serpent, dragon, 
 
 29. 7; w. venum, j^//, 47. 2. 8. 15; 9. 18; 11. 14, etc. 
 
 doceo, 2, ul, ctus, cause to know ; dubito, i [dubium], go to and 
 
 instruct, teach, show, tell, 3. 19; fro; doubt, question, 6. 19; 10. 
 
 7.15; ig. 9, etc. 18; 12. 3, etc. 
 
 doleo, 2, Ul, SXvxns, feel pain ; be dubius, a, um, adj., moving two 
 
 grieved, lament, feel sorry, ways; doubtful, uncertain, 14. 
 
 59. 24. 8 ; 22. 3 ; 24. I ; procul dubio, 
 
 dolor, oris, M., pain, 16. 11 ; 23. without doubt, 47. 8. 
 
 16, 24 ; grief, sorrow, 2. 12, 13 ; ducenti, ae, a, num. adj., two hun- 
 
 5. 9, etc.; chagrin, anger, 12. 20. dred, 70. 4.- 
 
 dolose, adv. [dolSsus, crafty^ duco, 3, duxi, ductus, lead ; lead, 
 
 craftily, cunningly, deceitfully,. induce, t^. 10; draw {by lot), 
 
 35. 18. 27. 22; extend, protract, 72. 8; 
 dolus, T, M., device; fzaud, extend, construct, make, ^i^. \(i; 
 
 trickery, cunning, 10. 18; 14. take, (as wife), 58. 3; w. in 
 
 14 ; 18. 6, etc. matrimonium, wed, marry, 16. 
 
 domicilium, 1, N., habitation; \; 18.10; think, "ji. id. 
 
 home, dwelling-place, 42. 17. dulcedo, inis, F. [dulcis], sweet- 
 
 domina, ae, f. [dominus], mis- ness ; charm, zS. y. 
 
 tress, 28. 13; 48. II; 53. 15. dulcis, e, adj., sweet; agreeable, 
 
 dominatio, onis, f. [dominor, pleasant, delightful, 19. i ; 49. 
 
 rule'], rule, dominion, p07ver, 3 ; superl. dulcissimus, 28. 6. 
 
 control, 59. 16. dum, conj., while, whilst, until, 
 
 dominus, T, m., master; ruler, 3. 2; 5. 18; 10. 2, etc.; as 
 
 lord, master, 36. 20. long as (w. subj.), 14. 9, 26. 
 
 domo, I, ui, itus, tame ; subdue, duo, ae, o, num. adj., two, 2. i ; 
 
 vanquish, overcome, /[2. 21; 7. lO ; 8. 10, etc. 
 
 45. 21. duodecim, num. adj., indecl., 
 
 domils, us, F., something built; twelve, 19. 22; 34. 14; 37. 13, 
 
 house, home, 13. 20; 18. 2; 28. etc. 
 
 26, etc.; A(yna,at home,^^. 2%; duplico, i [duplex, double], 
 
 64.3; 71. II. double; enlarge, increase, 40. 
 
 d5lio, I [donum], give as u 22; 42. 23. 
 
 present; bestow, give, confer, duritia, ae, F. [durus], /iO»-(/«^/j; 
 
 w. abl. and ace, 43. 8; 70.26. hardship, rigorous life, fru- 
 
 donum, i, N., thing given ; gift, gality, 75. 14. 
 
 present, 16. 8 ; 26. 8. diiro, i [durus], last, endure. 
 
138 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 dux, ducis, M., one who leads ; Dyrrachium, 5, N., a town on the 
 leader, commander, general, \i.. coast of Illyricum, now Kpi- 
 5, 12; 38. 8, etc. damnus, 62. 2. 
 
 E 
 
 E, prep. w. abl. See ex. 
 
 ebrius, a, um, adj., full ; drunk, 
 intoxicated, 19. 8. 
 
 ecquid, interrog. adv., whether, if 
 at all, 47. 6 ; 64. 6, 7. 
 
 edico, 3, XI, dictus, speak forth ; 
 proclaim, decree, announce, 
 make known, 4. 7 ; 9. 8. 
 
 ed5, 3, didT, ditus, give out ; give 
 out, breathe forth, 8. 13; utter, 
 21. 10; bring forth, give birth 
 to, bear, 33. 5 ; perfortn, perpe- 
 trate, 62. 5 ; bring about, pro- 
 duce, hold, 60. I. , 
 
 educo, 1 , bring up, rear, educate, 
 33. 14; 34. 11; 43. 23, etc. 
 
 educo, 3, xi, ductus, lead out, 
 lead forth. 
 
 eSero, ferre, extull, elatus, bear 
 out ; raise, lift, 43. 18 ; extol, 
 75. 2 ; puff up, elate, make 
 proud, 40. 25 ; 71. 22. 
 
 effervesce, 3, ferbui, — , boil up, 
 boil over, 14. 26. 
 
 efficio, 3, feci, fectus [facio], 
 make out; bring about, effect, 
 accomplish, 23. 19 ; 30. 13 ; 
 51. 20, etc. 
 
 efflo, I , blow out; breathe out, 53.4. 
 
 eSugio, 3, fugi, — , flee away ; 
 escape from, escape, avoid, 74. 
 22. 
 
 effundo, 3, fudl, ixisrxs, pour forth; 
 pour out, empty, 60. 12; 63. 16; 
 waste, spend, squander, 60. 2 ; 
 rise {above), overflow, 33. 8. 
 
 Egetia, ae, f., a nymph, 37. 24. 
 ego, mei, personal pron., /, 14. 
 
 7, 8, 9, etc. 
 egredior, 3, gressus [gradior],^fl 
 
 out, depart, 62. 6; disembark, 
 
 land, 4. 20 ; 5. 4, 16, etc. 
 egregie, adv. [egregius], excel- 
 lently, splendidly, very well, 
 
 II. 14. 
 egregius, a, um, adj. [grex], out 
 
 of the flock; excellent, noble, 
 
 glorious, 40. 2 ; surpassing, 54. 
 
 Ig; unusual, remarkable, 60. 
 
 28'. 
 eicio, 3, ieci, iectus [iacio], cast 
 
 out ; banish, drive away, exile, 
 
 68. 26. 
 elabor, 3, lapsus, slip away, get 
 
 off, escape, 58. 7. Cf. effugio. 
 elatus, p. of eftero, 71. 22. 
 elicio, 3, ul, — , draw out; call 
 
 down, evoke, bring down, 37. 4. 
 eligo, 3, legl, Iectus [lego], //»<:* 
 
 out; pick out; choose, select, 
 _ 36. 8 ; 46. 3. 
 
 Elis, idis, F., a state in the west- 
 ern part of the Peloponnesus, 
 
 68. 17. 
 eloquens, entis, adj. [p. of elo- 
 
 quor], eloquent. 
 emineo, 2, ui, — , stand out, pro- 
 ject, show oneself, 50. 8. 
 eminus, adv. [ex, manus], out of 
 
 reach ; from a distance, 74. 
 
 22. 
 emitto, 3, mlsl, missus, send 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 139 
 
 from; cast, hurl, 41. \% ; let 
 
 go, send out, 7. 18 ; 24. 20. 
 emo, 3, emi, emptus, buy, pur- 
 chase, 47. 7, II. 
 enim, conj. [nam], usually after 
 
 the first word in Its clause, for, 
 
 ill fact, you see,%. 6, 12, 24, etc. 
 e5, ire, ivi or iT, iturus, go, set out, 
 
 pass, walk, march, 28. i ; 35. 
 
 13 ; 39- IS; go, perish, die, 39. 
 
 23- 
 e5, adv. [is], to this; to that 
 
 place, thither, 6. 21 ; 10. 24; 
 
 II. 8, etc. 
 Ephesius, 2L,wca,3A\.,of Ephesus, 
 
 in Ionia, of the Ephesians, 44. 
 
 20. 
 Epirus, i, r., a province in the 
 
 north of Greece, 62. i. 
 eques, itis, M. [equus], horseman, 
 
 knight, 36. 10; 42. 23. 
 equito, I [eques], ride, practice 
 
 horsemanship, 65. i. 
 equus, I, M., swift thing ; horse, 
 
 steed, 46. 16; 52. 7, 9, etc. 
 erectus, a, um, adj. [p. of erigo], 
 
 upright, erect, 16. 25. 
 erga, prep. w. ace, towards, in 
 
 relation to, 68. 15. 
 ergo, adv., exactly ; then, there- 
 upon, 43. 6; accordingly, there- 
 _fore, 46. 19; 71. s; 74. 5. 
 Eridanus, i, m., Greek name for 
 
 the Po River, 13. 18. 
 eiigo, 3, erexi, erectus [rego], 
 
 raise up ; lift, set up, erect. 
 eripio, 3, ul, reptus [rapio], 
 
 snatch from, 74. 18 ; snatch, 
 
 rescue, save, 2.7; 7. 25. 
 erro, i, wander ; wander, go back 
 
 and forth, 23. 18; be in error, 
 
 mistake, be wrong, 5.7. 
 
 erudio, 4 [rudis, rough'], educate, 
 instruct, teach, polish, 66. 19. 
 
 erumpo, 3, riipl, ruptus, cause to 
 break forth ; burst forth, rush 
 out, 61. 12. 
 
 Esquilinus, i, m., Esquiline hill, 
 largest of the seven hills of 
 Rome, 44. 15. 
 
 et, conj., and, 2. 8, 12, 16, etc. ; 
 too, also, 2. 25 ; 35. 19 ; et . . . 
 et, both . . . and, 35. 17 ; 66. 7. 
 
 etiam, and also; even, besides, 
 too, 6. 5 ; 21. 2 ; 35. 2, etc. ; 
 non modo . . . sed etiam, not 
 only . . . but also', z. 5 ; 11. 14; 
 12. ig. 
 
 Etriiria, ae, f., a province of 
 Italy, 42. 8. 
 
 etsi, conj;, and if; though, al- 
 though, -i. 10; 3. 15; 8. 15, 
 etc. 
 
 Eumolpidae, arum, m., descend- 
 ants of Eumolpus, son of Nep- 
 tune ; Athenian priests who 
 had charge of the Elusinian 
 mysteries, 68. 19. 
 
 EuripideSj'is, m., a famous Greek 
 poet [B.C. 480-406], 59. 17. 
 
 Eurylochus, i, m., one of 
 Ulysses' men, 27. 17. 
 
 evado, 3, si, sus, go out ; come 
 forth, get away, escape, 7. 20 ; 
 8. 24 ; 10. 22, etc. Cf. effugio, 
 74. 22. 
 
 evanesco, 3, nul, — , inch., vanish 
 OT fade away, disappear, 29. 26. 
 
 evenio, 4, veni, ventus, come out; 
 happen, take place, occur, suc- 
 ceed, result, end, 7. 27 ; 10. 4 ; 
 12. 13, etc.; sorte evenit, the 
 lot fell to, etc., 27. 20. 
 
 eventus, vis, m., a coming out; 
 
140 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 issitCy consequence^ result, end, 
 
 43- 24- 
 
 everto, 3, tl, sus, turn from ; 
 overturn, 56. 5, 7 ; overthro^u, 
 destroy, ruin, abolish, 64. 28. 
 
 evito, I, shun, avoid, 68. 1 6. 
 
 evOCO, 1, call out ; call forth, 
 sumtnon, 45. 14. 
 
 evolo, i,fly out ; fly off or away, 
 48. 6. 
 
 ex or (only before consonants) e, 
 prep. w. abl., out of ; from, 
 away from, out from, from 
 among, of, 2. 7, 8, 25, etc. ; ex 
 ordine, in succession, 24. 20 ; 
 according to, 71. 14. 
 
 exanimo, i [exanimus, lifeless^ 
 put out of breath ; tire, weaken, 
 exhaust, 10. i ; 20. 18. 
 
 ezardesco, 3, arsi, arsus, inch., 
 blaze out ; be inflamed, be pro- 
 voked, rage, 12. 20; 27. 4. 
 
 ezcedo, 3, cessl, cessus, go out, 
 depart ; e vita, die, perish, 16. 
 13. Cf. discedo, 14. 10. 
 
 excellentior, ius, adj., compar. of 
 excellens, entis [p. of excello], 
 eminent ; surpassing, superior, 
 extraordinary, 66. 4. 
 
 excello, 3, — , celsus, be eminent; 
 be superior, surpass, excel, 48. 
 
 excelsus, a, um, adj. [p. of ex- 
 celI5], elevated; high, lofty, 
 noble, 42. 15; 64. 20. Cf. al- 
 ius, 42. 15. 
 
 excipio, 3, cepi, ceptus [capio], 
 take out; receive, welcome, 4. 
 21 ; II. 2; 12. 12, etc. 
 
 excitS, I, freq. \&yi€\o, call out\ 
 wake, rouse, 10. 4 ; 22. 5 ; 23. 
 17, etc. 
 
 exclamo, i , call or cry out, shout, 
 
 exclaim, zo. 24; 25. 9; 61. 
 
 26. 
 excludo, 3, si, sus [claudo], shut 
 
 out; cut off, prevent, hinder, 
 
 26. I ; 32. I. 
 excogito, I, think out, contrive, 
 
 devise, 18. 6. 
 exemplum, 1, n., specimen ; ex- 
 ample, pattern, model, 49, 19 ; 
 
 copy, 68. 21. 
 exeo, Ire, ii, itus, go out ; go away, 
 
 depart, 22. 12; 24. 8, 10, etc.; 
 
 come out, issue, 28. 8 ; 73. 2. 
 exerceo, 2, ui, itus [arceo], drive; 
 
 practice, carry into effect, 63. 8. 
 exercitus, us, m., trained body ; 
 
 army, force, band, 35. 15; 36. 
 
 I, 12, etc. 
 exhaurio, 4, hausT, stus, draw 
 
 out ; empty, drink up, 30. 8 ; 
 
 use up, exhaust, 72. 9. 
 exhibeo, 2, ul, itus [habeo], hold 
 
 forth ; produce, show, give. 
 existimo, i [aestimo, valuel, 
 
 think, judge, cojtsider, 21. 17 ; 
 
 32. 2; 55. 19, etc. 
 exitium, 1, N.,agoingout ; destruc- 
 tion, ruin, overthrow, 46. 24 j 
 
 58. 16. 
 exorior, 4, ortus, come forth ; 
 
 arise, begin, break out, 38. 8 ; 
 
 exor5, t, pray out ; move, prevail 
 upon, persuade, induce, 55. 7. 
 
 expedio, 4 [pes], extricate ; pro- 
 cure, get, 59. I. 
 
 expello, 3, pull, pulsus, drive out; 
 thrust out, banish, expel, 2. 4 j 
 15. 19, 20, etc. 
 
 experimentum, 1, n. [experior], 
 trial ; proof, test, 43. 2. 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 141 
 
 expenor, 4, pertus, try, prove, 
 test, make a test, 46. 16; 66. 2. 
 
 expeto, 3, Ivi, Itus, seek out; de- 
 mand, ask, 55. II. 
 
 expio, 1, atone by sacred means; 
 make amends for, atone for, ex- 
 piate, 40. 5. 
 
 explico, I, avT and ul, atus and 
 itus, unfold ; display, spread 
 out, 48. 5. 
 
 exploro, 1, cause to flow forth ; 
 examine, investigate, spy out, 19. 
 22; 21. 17. 
 
 expono, 3, posuT, positus, set 
 forth ; leave to die, expose, set 
 forth, explain, tell, 44. 28 ; 46. 
 22 ; in lltore, in terram, set 
 ashore, land, 18. 19; ig. 6; 
 
 59- 4- 
 
 exposed, 3, poposci, — , ask from; 
 demand, claim, 41. 17. 
 
 expositio, onis, F. [expono], a set- 
 ting forth ; being exposed, ex- 
 posing, exposure, 34. 6. 
 
 exprimo, 3, press!, pressus 
 [premo], press out, squeeze out, 
 extract, 8. 25. 
 
 expugno I, fight out; take by 
 assault, take, capture, 45. 23 ; 
 70. 7 ; overcome, 58. 14. 
 
 expuli. See expello. 
 
 exsequor, 3, secutus, follow 
 after ; carry out, enforce. 
 
 exsilio, 4, ui, — [salio, leapl, 
 spring out ; leap forth, dart out, 
 15- I- 
 
 exslliumf i, N. [exsul], banish- 
 ment, exile, 18. II ; 46. 26. 
 
 exsisto, 3, stiti, — , step out; 
 come forth, become, be, 36. 21 ; 
 happen, be, 67. 14. 
 
 exspectatio, 5nis, f. [exspecto], 
 awaiting ; eagerness, longing, 
 desire, 70. 13. Cf. cupiditas, 
 2. 3. 
 
 exspecto, I, look out for, watch, 
 wait to see, 37. 10 ; 40. 14 j 
 wait, wait for, await, 5. 14 ; 
 II. 19, 24, etc. 
 
 exspiro, 1, breathe out; breathe 
 one's last, expire, 38. 21. 
 
 exstinctus, a, um, adj. [p. of ex- 
 stinguo], dead, 52. i ; 56. 6. 
 
 exstinguo, 3, nxi, nctus, put out ; 
 deprive of life, 56. 3 ; pass., 
 die, 38. I. 
 
 exsulto, 1, avi, — , freq. [exsiliS], 
 spring vigorously ; exult, re- 
 joice, 39. 12. 
 
 extempio, adv. [tempus], immedi- 
 ately, forthwith, at once, 26. 23. 
 
 extra, prep. w. ace. [ex], on the 
 outside ; outside of, without, be- 
 yond, 35. 13. 
 
 extrah5, 3, axi, actus, draw or 
 pull out, remo^ie, 51. 19, 23. 
 
 extremus, a, um, adj. [exter, on 
 the outside^ superl., outmost, 
 the end of, 23. 13. 
 
 extuli. See effero. 
 
 exiird, 3, ussi, ustus, burn up, de- 
 stroy, 47. 9. 
 
 faber, bri, m., workman ; artisan, fabrico, i [fabrica, workshop\ 
 carpenter, smith, 20. 1 5 ; 37. work ; construct, forge, make, 
 12. 37- 13; 6o- 25. 
 
142 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 fabula, ae, F., speakiWg ; story, 
 tale, 2. 14; 42. 10; fable, 48. 
 8 ; 49. 8, i8, etc. 
 
 facetus, a, um, adj., Jine, polite, 
 witty, humorous. Jocose. 
 
 facile, adv. [facilis], with ease; 
 easily, readily, without effort, 
 51. 20; 73. 21; superl. facil- 
 lime, 73. 7. 
 
 facilis, e, adj., easy to do, easy, 
 72. 15. 
 
 facinus, oris, n., deed ; act, deed, 
 action, 39. 25 ; 56. 11 ; 62. 5 ; 
 evil deed, crime, 42. i ; 43. 
 12. 
 
 facio, 3, feci, factus, make, cause 
 to be, 3. 2 ; 7. 5, 8, etc.; do, 
 5. 21; 7. 15, 24, etc.; make, 
 build, 4. 5 ; 34- 2' ! 42- 5 ! 
 form, 6g. 2 ; 73. 9 ; perform, 
 2. 22 ; 18. 21 ; 67. 23 ; appoint, 
 37. 18; cause, give, 36. 15; 
 certiorem, inform, 6. 4 ; 30. 20; 
 31. 3, etc. ; verba, speak, 71. i. 
 
 factum, 1, N. [facio], thing done ; 
 deed, act, action, 46. 9. Cf. faci- 
 nus, 39. 25. 
 
 facultas, atis, f. [facilis], capa- 
 bility ; chance, opportunity, 
 23. II. 
 
 fallo, 3, fefellT, falsus, trip ; 
 cheat, deceive, fail, disappoint, 
 13. 12; 72. 27. 
 
 falso, adv. [falsus], untruly; 
 falsely, erroneously, 73. 8. 
 
 falsus, a, um, adj. [p. of fallo], 
 deceived; feigned, pretended, 
 false, -.i. 13. 
 
 fama, ae, f., that which people 
 say ; report, rumor, tradition, 
 20. 12; 33. 10; 44. 21 ; fame, 
 renown, 72. 2. 
 
 fames, is, f., that which devours ; 
 hunger, starvation, want, 21. 
 12; 30. 5; fame morior, starve 
 to death, 6. 14. 
 
 familia, ae, f. [famulus, slave], 
 slaves of a household ; so house- 
 hold, family, race, 58. i. 
 
 faoiiliaris, e, adj. [familia], of a 
 household ; as noun, u., friend, 
 companion, 74. 17. 
 
 familiaritas, atis, f. [familiaris], 
 familiar intercourse, intimacy, 
 intimate acquaintance, 42. 18. 
 
 famula, ae, f. [famulus, slave], 
 serving woman, maidservant, 
 slave, 43. 22; 53. 16. 
 
 fanum, 1, n. [for], thing spoken ; 
 shrine, sanctuary, temple, 44. 
 20, 22, 27. 
 
 fas (only nom. and ace. sing.), N., 
 divine law ; right, justice. 
 
 fascis, is, M., bundle, parcel, 52. 
 I7> 18; 53. 20; pi., fasces, 
 rods-and-axe, symbol of power 
 over life and death, 60. 12. 
 
 fastus, a, um, adj. [fas], accord- 
 ing to divine law ; dies, day on 
 which the praetor's court was 
 open, secular day, 37. 18 ; 63. i. 
 
 fatalis, e, adj. [fatum, fate], of 
 fate ; dangerous, deadly, 64. 4. 
 
 fatigo, I [ago], weary, tire, 
 fatigue, 53. 13. 
 
 fauces, ium, v., throat, 51. 18, 23; 
 6x. 4; Jaws, II. 19. 
 
 Faustulus, i, M.,thelierdsman of 
 Amulius, 33. 13. 
 
 fautor, oris, m., favorer, promoter, 
 patron, 69. 23. 
 
 fefellit. See fallo. 
 
 feles, is, f., cat, 51. 10, 14. 
 
 feliciter, adv. [fellx], abundantly; 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 143 
 
 happily, fortunately, favorably, 
 
 7. 27 ; 12. 13 ; 24. 19. 
 feliz, Icis, adj., fruitful ; happy, 
 
 fortunate. 
 femina, ae, f., she who bears ; 
 
 ■woman, female, 16. 9 ; 35. 2 ; 
 
 43. 22. 
 fera, ae, f. [ferus], wild animal, 
 
 beast, 50. 2, 3. 
 fere, adv., closely ; almost, nearly, 
 
 26. 10; 60. 23. 
 fero, ferre, tuli, latus, bear, carry, 
 
 take, render, 6. 19 ; 10. 19; 12. 
 
 5, etc. ; bear, drive, 73. 18 ; en- 
 
 dure,^o. 3 ; 61. 14; 74. T,pro- 
 
 pose,pass, make, 37. 22 ; 60. 8 ; 
 
 say, tell, 42. 24; 43. 23; 44. 
 
 21, etc.; aegre or iiidigne, take 
 
 ill, be displeased at, 8. 19 ; 
 
 14. 13 ; 15. 18, etc. 
 ferox, ocis, adj., fierce, savage, 
 
 bold, warlike, 39. 10, 19; 41. 
 
 3, etc.; comp. ferocior, 38.6; 
 
 superl. ferocissimus, 43. 12. 
 ferrum, 1, N., iron ; sword, blade, 
 
 38. 12 ; 39. 10 ; 74. 13. 
 ferus, a, um, adj., wild, savage, 
 
 untamed, ^'i. 25; hard-hearted, 
 
 cruel, 71. 2, 
 fessus, a, um, adj., wearied, 
 fatigued, worn out, weak, ex- 
 hausted, 18. I; 39. II; 46. 
 
 8. 
 fetialis, e, adj., speaking; fetial, 
 
 diplomatic, 41. 19, zo. 
 fictus, a., um, adj. [p. of fingo], 
 
 made ; feigned, false, pretended, 
 
 46. z. 
 fidelis, e, adj. [fides], of trust ; 
 
 faithful, trusty, 56. 2, 4. 
 Fidenates, iura, m., the people of 
 
 Fidenae, in Latium, 40. iz. 
 
 fides, gen. fide (rare), trust ; be- 
 lief, cred^tce, credit, trust, 36. 
 15; 41. l6; 65. I ; pledge, 
 word of honor, 37. 28. 
 
 fiducia, ae, f. [fidus, faithful], 
 trusting ; confidence, reliance, 
 trust, 40. 25. 
 
 fieri. See fid. 
 
 figiira, ae, f., form, figure, ap- 
 pearance, 20. 8. 
 
 filia, ae, f., daughter, 8. 18; 9. 
 14 ; 12. 18, etc. 
 
 filiolus, !, M., dim. [filius], little 
 son, 56. I, 8. 
 
 filius, i, M., son, 2. 5 ; 6. 7 ; 13. 
 6, etc. 
 
 fingo, 3, finxl, fictus, touch ; 
 make up, invent, pretend, 2.14; 
 55. 16; 66. 21. 
 
 finio, 4 [finis], limit ; end, decide, 
 38. 9; 40. It. 
 
 finis, is, M., separating thing, 
 boundary, 61. 21 ; borders, so 
 pi., country, land, 6. 17 ; 8. 2 ; 
 41. 15, etc. 
 
 finitimus, a, um, adj. [finis], 
 bordering upon; neighboring, 
 near by, 8. 24 ; as noun, M. pi., 
 neighboring tribes, neighbors, 
 
 35- 5- 
 fio, fieri, factus sum, be made, 69. 
 
 24; be done, 3. 14; 14. 23; 22. 
 
 20, etc. ; become, 14. 18, 20; 
 
 result, happen, 67. 18 ; 71. 16; 
 
 obviam, meet, fall in with, 18. 
 • 23 ; 49. 12. 
 firmitas, atis, f. [firmus], 
 
 strength, vigor, endurance, 
 
 75- "• 
 firmus, a, um, adj., firm, strong, 
 
 powerful, 52. 20. 
 flagrans, antis, adj. [p.offlagrS, 
 
144 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 Jlame], blazing ; burning, glow- 
 ing, 23. 14. ( 
 
 flamen, inis, M., one whojights a 
 sacrificial fire ; special priest, 
 flamen, 37. 2. 
 
 flamma, ae, f., blazing ; flame, 
 fire, 8. 13; 43. 24; 74. 16, etc. 
 
 fleo, 2, evi, etus, flow ; weep, 
 lament, shed tears, 39. 18; 71. 4. 
 
 ffloreo, 2, ul, — [flos, flower'], 
 bloom ; flourish, prosper, be dis- 
 tinguished. 
 
 fluctus, us, M., flowing; tide, 
 wave, billow, 62. 12. 
 
 flumen, inis, N., that which flows; 
 stream, river, 3. 3 ; 8. i ; 13. 
 18, etc. 
 
 foculus, T, M. [focus, fireplace], 
 sacrificial hearth ; fire pan, 
 brazier, 47. 5. 
 
 foedus, eiis, n., a trusting; com- 
 pact, treaty, league, 36. 5 ; 38. 
 12, 14, etc. 
 
 fons, fontis, M., spring, fountain, 
 5. 18, 19 ; 18. 22, etc. 
 
 foras, adv., to the doors ; out 
 through the doors, out of doors, 
 out, 28. 8 ; 43. 19. 
 
 fore, foret. See sum. 
 
 forensis, c, adj. [forum], of the 
 forum; public, legal, 67. 17. 
 
 foris, is, F., door ; pi., folding 
 doors, double door, 30. 2. 
 
 foris, adv., out at the doors ; out 
 of doors, outside, without, 28. 
 10. Cf. foras. 
 
 forma, ae, f., form, figure, ap- 
 pearance, 29. 12 ; 36. 18 ■,form, 
 shape, 37. 13; 60. 23; beauty, 
 
 5- 17; 54- 7- 
 formido, inis, f., fearfulness ; 
 fear, dread, terror, 49. 10. 
 
 formositas, atis, f. [formosus], 
 beauty, 48. 5. Cf. forma, 5. 
 
 17- 
 
 formosus, a, um, adj. [forma], 
 fiUl of beauty ; beautiful, hand- 
 some (superl.), 18. 9 ; 66. 6. 
 
 fortasse, adv., perhaps, probably, 
 possibly, 48. 10. 
 
 forte, adv. [abl. of fors, chance], 
 by a chance ; by chance, as it 
 happened, accidentally, 22. 23 ; 
 33- 7; 35- 13. etc. 
 
 fortiter, adv. [fortis, brave], 
 strongly ; bravely, valiantly, 
 manfully, 75. l6 ; superl. for- 
 tissime, 35. 25. 
 
 fortitude, inis, f. [fortis, brave], 
 braveness ; manliness, courage, 
 bravery, 44. 3. 
 
 fortiina, ae, F. [fors, chance], 
 that which belongs to chance; 
 fortune, fate, chance, 21. 25; 
 
 40. 14 ; 52. 14, etc.; pi., prop- 
 erty, fortune, 42. 9. 
 
 Forum, I, n., open space ; public 
 square. Forum, the open space 
 between the Capitoline and 
 Palatine hills, surrounded by • 
 porticoes and shops, 35. 23 ; 
 45- 13; 59- 27, etc. 
 
 fossa, ae, F. [fossus, p. of fodio, 
 dig], thing dug ; ditch, trench, 
 44. 16. 
 
 foveo, i, f5vi, fotus, warm, keep 
 warm, 52. 2 ; assist, support, 
 favor. 
 
 fragor, oris, M., 3 breaking ; crash, 
 crashing, noise, din, 36. 14. 
 
 frango, 3, fregi, fractus, break in 
 pieces, break, 52. 18, 20 ; 60. 12 ; 
 shatter, break down, weaken, 
 
 41. 2, 
 
VOCABULARY. 145 
 
 frater, tris, m., brother, .j. i, 4; frustror, i [tiusirii'], deceive, dis- 
 
 10. 22, etc. appoint, trick, 55. 16. 
 
 fraudo, i [fraus], cheat, defraud, Fufetius, I, M., Mettius Fufetius, 
 
 rob, 43. II. leader of the Albans, 38. 8. 
 .fraus, audis, F., cheating; deceit, tM%3u,3£,'B.,a fleeing; flight, run- 
 trickery, crime, 2. 16 ; 24. 23 j ning away, 10. 20, 21 ; 39. 1 , 
 
 45. 8, etc. etc. 
 
 freno, i \i'[^mxai\, furnish with fugio, 3, fugi, — , flee, fly, tike 
 
 a bridle ; curb, check, restrain, flight, run away, 12. 22 ; 13. 
 
 , 25. 22. 8, 17, etc. 
 
 frenum, 1, N., holding thing; fugo, I [fuga], cause to flee ; 
 
 bridle, curb, bit, pi., reins, put to flight, rout, t,q. 1 . 
 
 45- 16. fulgeo, 2, f ulsi, — , flash ; gleam, 
 
 frequentius, adv., comp. of fre- glisten, shine, 38. 18. 
 
 quenter [frequens, repeated\,^ fulmen, inis, a., flashing thing; 
 
 often ; in greater numbers, by lightning, thunderbolt, 37. 4, 
 
 many, 40. 24. h; 41. 4, etc. 
 
 frigus, oris, N., cold, frost, 52. i. fundo, 3, fudj, i\is\is, pour ; shed, 
 
 frons, frontis, F., forehead, brow, let fall, 59. 23 ; scatter, rout, 
 
 20. II. overcome, defeat, 41. 23; 62. 
 
 fructus, us, M., <2» enjoying ; prod- 1 4. 
 
 uct, fruit, 18. 24. fungor, 3, functus, busy one- 
 
 frumentor, 1 [frumentum], get self ; perform, discharge, 60. 21. 
 
 corn; forage, 2^.?:. furor, oris, M. \i\xxo,' rage^, rag- 
 
 frjimentum, 1, n., corn, grain, ing ; rage, fury, passion, 16. 
 
 27- 9- , ' 13 ; 24- 5- 
 
 frustra, adv., in error ; without furto, adv. [abl. of furtum], by 
 
 effect, in vain, to no purpose, 5. stealth, secretly, 37. 12. 
 
 24; 12. 2 J 15. 14, etc. fnturus, a, um [fut. p. of sum], 
 
 future, destined, coming, 64. i. 
 
 G 
 
 Gabii, orum, m., an ancient city Gallia, ae, f., the province of 
 
 of Latium, 45. 22. Gaul, now France, 60. 21. 
 
 Gabini, orum, m., people of Gabii, gallina, ae, F. [gallus], hen, fowl, 
 
 Gabines, 45. 24. 50. 12, 14, 15. 
 
 Gades, ium, f., a Phoenician gallus, 1, m., cock, 53. 12, 14. 
 
 colony in Spain, 59. 21. gaudeo, 2, gavisus sum, rejoice, 
 
 galea ae, f., covering ; helmet, be glad, be pleased, 6. 17. 
 
 JO. 6. %,3XiA.\XiXa,l,T^., inward joy ; joy. 
 
146 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 rejoicing, gladness, delight, 2. 
 
 II ; 12. II ; 18. 4, etc. 
 geminatus, a, um, adj. [p. of 
 
 gemino, double], doubled ; two- 
 fold, double, 39. 10. 
 gemicus, a., um, adj., boi-n to- 
 gether ; double, two-faced, 37. 
 
 18 ; as noun, M. pi., twin sons, 
 
 twins, 33. 5. 
 gener, eri, m., daughter's husband, 
 
 son-in-law, 44. 8 ; 61. II. 
 genitus. See gigno. 
 gens, gentis, F., race; nation, 
 
 people, tribe, 34. 25 ; 36. 20. 
 genus, eris, N., birth, family, 66. 
 
 5 ; kind, manner, method, style, 
 
 form, 6. 8. 
 Germani, orum, m., Germans, 
 
 60. 23. 
 gero, 3, gessi, gestus, bear ; bear, 
 
 carry, wield, have, 28. 17 ; 29. 
 
 '3 ; 38. 17-, etc. ; wear, 2. 21 ; 
 
 35. 17 ; wage, carry on, 37. 30 ; 
 
 68. 24 ; do, accomplish, pass., be 
 done, go on, take place, 1 1 . 23 ; 
 12. 14; 13. 15, etc. ; manage, 
 
 69. 17 ; 71. II, 14, etc. ; w. se, 
 conduct oneself, act, behave, 
 play piirt (of), 33. 11 ; 58. 22 ; 
 rem bene gero, strike a success- 
 ful blow, 8. 17; 21. 14; 23. 
 
 12. etc. ; res gestae, deeds, 
 achievements, 74. 3. 
 
 gesto, I, freq. [gero], bear con- 
 tinually ; wear, 64. 25. 
 
 gigas, antis, m., giant, 20. id, 20; 
 23. I. 
 
 gigno, 3, genuT, genitus, produce; 
 pass., spring up, arise, 9. 22, 
 25 ; 10. 2 ; genitus, w. ex, 
 descended from, son of, ^3. 21 ; 
 58. I. 
 
 gladius, I, M., sword, 7. 2 ; 10. 6, 
 
 12, etc. 
 Glauce, es or ae, F., daughter of 
 
 Creon, king of Corintli, 15. 23. 
 gloria, ae, y., glory, fame, renown, 
 
 4. 8; 41. 5; 45. 3. 
 glori5sior, ius, adj., comp. of 
 
 gloriosus \^ox\i^, full of glory ; 
 
 glorious, brilliant, to be proud of, 
 
 71. 28. 
 Gnaeus. -See Pompeius, 60. 6. 
 gradus, iis, m., step, stair, 45. 12. 
 Graecia, ae, p., Greece, 4. 7. 
 Graecus, a, um, adj., of Greece, 
 
 Greek, 63. 13; as noun, M. pi., 
 
 Greeks, 17. i. 
 Grains, a, um, adj., of the Greeks; 
 
 as noun, M. pi., Greeks, 72. i. 
 graphium, i, n., writing-style, 
 
 64. 14. 
 grassor, i, intens. [gradior, step\ 
 
 advance, make an attack, 55. 
 
 21. 
 gratia, ae, f. [gratus, pleasing'], 
 
 that which gives pleasure; 
 
 favor, esteem., 69. 1 1 ; 73. 24 ; 
 
 gratitude, thanks, 7. g, 24 ; 12. 
 
 12, etc.; abl. as prep. w. gen., 
 
 on account of, for the sake of, 
 
 for, 44. 6; 59. 19; 60. 17. 
 gratulor, i \%'c%\M:i\,manifest joy; 
 
 rejoice, exult, 39. 14 ; rejoice 
 
 with, congratulate, 40. 18. 
 gravis, c, adj., heavy, 57. 3; 
 
 weighty, important, 75. i ; 
 
 annoying, 61. 14; serious, 
 
 painful, dangerous, 16. 11 ; 25. 
 
 3 ; 29. 2, etc. ; heavy,' deep, 28. 
 
 15 ; severe, 62. 3. 
 graviter, adv. [gravis], heavily ; 
 
 severely, seriously, dangerously, 
 
 23. 23 ; bitterly, 48. 1 1 ; deeply. 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 147 
 
 violently, 10. 17; 12. 20; 16. grus, grids, M. and F., crane, ^i. 
 
 2, etc. 5, 6; 51. 19. 
 
 gravo, I [gravis], make heavy; Grynium, I, N., a town and fort 
 
 burden, oppress, 56. 21 ; over- in Phrygia, 73. 14. 
 
 come, 23. 9. gubernator, oris, m. [guberno], 
 
 gressus, us, M., stepping ; step, steersman, helmsman, pilot, 62. 
 
 49. 15. 9, II. 
 
 grex, gis, m., flock,, herd, 55. gubern5, i, Jtor,^27i»;, 26. 14. 
 
 iSi 18. gusto, I [gustus, tasting], take a 
 
 little of, taste, 18. 26; 23. 2. 
 
 H 
 
 habe5, 2, ui, itus, grasp ; have, 
 possess, own, 3. 23 ; 5. 15 ; 6. 
 
 10, etc. ; have, carry, wear, 35. 
 20 ; 46. 23 ; hold, call, 36. 13; 
 regard, consider, 64. 18 ; 75. 
 19; carry on, hold, 68. 3; in 
 animo, intend, 2. 5 ; 16. 2 f 31. 
 
 11, etc. 
 
 habito, I, freq. [Iiabe5], keep 
 possession of; have as a house, 
 dwell, live, live in, inhabit, 20. 
 i; 40. 24, 25. 
 
 haedus, 1, m., young goat, kid, 
 48. I. 
 
 Harpyiae, arum, f., Harpies, 
 loathsome birds with maidens' 
 faces, 6. 10. 
 
 haruspex, icis, m., interpreter of 
 the entrails of victims ; sooth- 
 sayer, 64. 3. 
 
 hasta, ae, f., spear, javelin, 41. 
 
 17- 
 
 baud, adv., not, not at all, 4. 18 ; 
 6. 13; 24. I, etc. 
 
 haurio, 4, si, stus, draw up ; 
 drain, drink up, 23. 3. 
 
 Hellesponttts, 1, m., the Helles- 
 pont, modern strait of Darda- 
 "helles, 70. 6. 
 
 herba, ae, F., springing vegetation; 
 
 herb, plant, 8. 24; 14. 25 ; 15. 
 
 7, etc. 
 berbidus, a, urn, adj. [herba], 
 
 full of grass ; grassy, 49. 1. 
 Hercules, is, m., son of Jupiter 
 
 and Alcmena ; god of strength, 
 
 4-9- 
 hermae, arum, f., hermae, pillars 
 
 bearing heads of Hermes, 
 
 67. 7. 
 hesternus, a, um, adj., of yester- 
 day; VI. Aits, yesterday, the day 
 
 previous, 22. 6. 
 hie, adv., here, 25. 20 ; 29. 15. 
 hie, haec, hoc, demonst. pron., 
 
 this, the latter, he, she, etc., 2. 
 
 2, 10; 3. 7, etc. 
 hiems, emis, f., winter, cold, 
 
 62. 3. 
 hinc, aAv.,from this place ; from 
 
 here, hence, 39. 22 ; hinc . . . 
 
 hinc, on this side . . . on the 
 
 other, 36. 3, 4 ; hence, so, 50. 13. 
 Hipponicus, i, m., father-in-law of 
 
 Socrates, 66. 19. 
 Hispania, ae, f., the Roman 
 
 province of Spain, 59. 1 1. 
 historicus, a, um, adj., of history; 
 
148 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 as noun, M., writer of history, 
 
 historian, 75. i. 
 Homenis, 1, m., the poet Homer 
 
 [about B.C. 900], 17. 2. 
 homo, inis, m. and F., human 
 
 being; man, 2. 24 ; 3. 7 ; 4. 
 
 3. etc- 
 
 honos or honor, oris, m., that 
 which profits; honor, distinc- 
 tion, office, duty, 50. 10 ; 64. 
 24 ; 71. lo. 
 
 hora, ae, f., hour; time, hour, 
 
 4. 21 ; 5. 13 J 6. 24, etc.; in 
 h5ras, every hour, 25. 3. 
 
 Horatius, i, m., one of the 
 
 Horatii, 38. 10. 
 horribilis, e, adj. [horreo, 
 
 shudder\ to be shuddered at ; 
 
 terrible, fearful, dreadful, 6. 
 
 9; 8. 13 ; 20. 8, etc. 
 horror, oris, M., shaking; fear, 
 
 dread, terror, 38. 19. 
 hortor, 1, urge, bid, 11. 3; 19. 
 
 15 ; 22. I, etc. 
 hortus, i, M., garden, 46. 6.. 
 hospes, itis, M., entertainer; 
 
 host, 35, 27 ; guest, stranger, 
 
 25. 9 J guestfriend, 74. 18. 
 hospitium, i, n. [hospes], that 
 
 pertaining to a guest; enter- 
 tainment, welcome, hospitality, 
 4. 21 ; 18. 23 ; 25. 23, etc. 
 
 (hospitus), a, (urn), adj., only 
 F. sing., hospitable; strange, 
 foreign, 46. 28. 
 
 Hostilius, I, M. See TuUus, 
 38. S- . 
 
 Hostilius, I, M., a famous Roman 
 who fell in the war with the 
 Sabines, 35. 24. 
 
 hostis, is, M. and f., enemy, foe, 
 13- 17; 35- 27; 39- I. etc. 
 
 hue, adv., to this place, hither, 
 48. 17 ; 58. 20. 
 
 hiimanitas, atis, f. [humanus], 
 human nature ; kindness, polite- 
 ness, refinement, elegance, 
 
 73- 13- 
 
 hiimanus, a, um, adj. [homo], 
 of man ; human, man's, 20. 8 j 
 29. 16; 30. 18, etc. 
 
 humi, adv. [loc. of humus], on 
 the ground, 21. 13. 
 
 hydras, i, m., water-serpent, 
 snake, 53. 12. 
 
 Hylas, ae, m., one of the Argo- 
 nauts, 5. 17. 
 
 iaceo, 2, ui, — , tie, 16. 26 ; 49. 
 4 ; 56. 2 ; lie dead, be prostrate, 
 
 39- 13- 
 iacio, 3, ieci, iactus, throw ; cast, 
 
 throw, let fall, let go, 18. 18 ; 
 
 61. 25. 
 iam, adv., at this moment ; at 
 
 once, straightway, 35. 26 ; now, 
 
 already, 5. 7, 15; 14. 7, etc. ; 
 
 soon, at length, at last, 5. 11; 
 
 22. 5; already, even, 12. 17; 
 
 22. 2; 44. 20, etc. 
 iamdiidum, adv. [iam, diu, dum], 
 
 now a long time ; for a long 
 
 time, long, 26. 15. 
 laniculum, !, n., of f anus; one 
 
 of the hills of Rome, Mt. fani- 
 
 culum, 38. 2. 
 ianua, ae, f., door, gate, entrance, 
 
 28. 7 ; 67. 9. 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 149 
 
 lanus, i, Vi,, Janus, an old Italian 
 
 god, 37. 18. 
 lason, onis, m., Jason, son of 
 
 Aeson, 2. 5. 
 ibi, adv., in thiit place, there, 3. 
 
 II ; 4. 21; s. 13. etc- 
 ibidem, adv., [ibi+dem] in the 
 
 same place, on the spot, 47. 9. 
 (ico), 3, ici, ictus, strike, smite, 
 
 41. 4 ; w. foedus, make a treaty, 
 
 enter into a compact, 36. 5 j 38. 
 
 12, 14, etc. 
 idem, eadem, idem, pron., that or 
 
 the very person or thing ; same, 
 
 that same, and he, etc., 4. 24 ; 
 
 12. 25 ; 13. 22, etc. 
 ideo, adv., for that reason, on 
 
 that account, therefore, 64. 23 ; 
 
 73- 20- 
 
 idoneus, <t, um, adj. fit, suitable, 
 proper, 4. 16 ; 5. 10 ; 11. 6, etc. 
 
 Idas, uum, r.. Ides, middle of the 
 month (the 13th day, but the 
 15th in March, May, July, 
 October), 63, 28. 
 
 ieiunus, a, um, adj., fasting; 
 hungry, 56. 14. 
 
 igitur, con]., therefore, thereupon, 
 accordingly, consequently, 2. 8, 
 17; 3. 4, etc. Cf. ideo, 64. 23. 
 
 ignarus, a, um, adj. [gnarus, 
 knowing'], not knowing, igno- 
 rant of, 28. 19. 
 
 ignaye, adv. [ignavus, sluggish], 
 slothfully, without spirit, 
 
 ignis, is, in., fire, 14. 25 j 16. 7; 
 20. 1 5, etc. 
 
 ignoro, i, not know; be unac- 
 quainted, be ignorant, ig. 21 ; 
 68. I. 
 
 ignosco, 3, novi, n5tus, pardon, 
 forgive, overlook, 62. 28. 
 
 ignotus, a, um, adj., unknown, 
 
 strange, unfamiliar, ig. 20 ; 
 
 60. 26. 
 Ilias, ados, f., the Iliad, a Greek 
 
 epic poem, 17. 3. 
 ilico, adv. [for inloco], in that 
 
 very place, suddenly, on the 
 
 spot, 56. 21 ; 64. 10. 
 ille, a, ud, lus, dem. pron., that 
 
 yonder, that, the former, he, -j,. 
 
 12, 17 ; 3- 9. etc. 
 illic, adv. [ille], in that place, 
 
 there, sg. 14; 61. 6. 
 imago, inis, f., imitation; empty 
 
 form, semblance, likeness, 34, 
 
 21 ; statue, sg. 23. 
 imbecillus, a, um, adj., weak, 
 
 feeble, 52. 21 ; 54. 2i. 
 imbellis, e, adj. [bellum], ««- 
 
 warlike, cowardly, 35. 27. 
 imber, bris, m., rain, heavy rain, 
 
 storm, 65. 3. 
 imbuo, 3, ul, iitus, cause to drink 
 
 in ; fill, infect, imbue, 37. 28. 
 imitor, 1, freq., imitate, copy 
 
 after, 75. 17. 
 immanis, e, adj., monstrous, 
 
 enormous, huge, 56. 3. 
 immanitas, atis, f. [immanis], 
 
 savageness, cruelty, barbarism, 
 
 25. 10. 
 immaturus, a, um, adj., not ripe; 
 
 unseasonable, untimely, 39. 22 ; 
 
 42. 7. 
 immensus, a, um, adj., immeasur- 
 able, vast, very great, excessive, 
 
 47. 4; 63. 12. 
 immeritus, a, um, adj., undeserv- 
 ing ; undeserved, unmerited, 
 
 50. 10. 
 immitto, 3, misi, missus, send in; 
 
 let in, admit, drive in, 30. 25. 
 
ISO 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 immoderatus, a, um, adj., bound- 
 less ; unrestrained, excessive, 
 68. 14. 
 
 immodestia, ae, f. [immodestus, 
 unrestrained] , insubordination, 
 lawlessness, 72. 26. 
 
 iminol5, 1, sprinkle with sacri- 
 ficial meal ; offer up, sacrifice, 
 44. 27 ; 45. 2. 
 
 immortalis, e, adj., undying, im- 
 mortal, 47. 18 ; 64. I. 
 
 impar, paris, adj., not equal ; not 
 a match for ; unable to cope 
 with, 39. I. 
 
 impatiens, entis, adj., that can- 
 not bear ; intolerant, not bear- 
 ing, impatient, 62. 6. 
 
 impedio, 4, entangle the feet ; 
 hinder, retard, delay, 13. 10. 
 
 impello, 3, pull, pulsus, strike 
 against, move, impel, induce, 
 lead, 16. 14 ; 24. 6. 
 
 impendeo, z, — , — , hang over ; 
 threaten, be near or at hand, 
 68. 16. 
 
 imperator, oris, m. [imperS], he 
 who commands ; commander, 
 leader, chief, 66. 7. 
 
 imperatum, T, n. [p. of impero], 
 that which is ordered; com- 
 mand, order, 18. 21. 
 
 imperfectus, a, um, adj , un- 
 finished, not ended, 61. 16. 
 
 imperitus, a, um, adj., inex- 
 perienced; unskilled, 50. 20. 
 
 impeiium, 1, n. [imperS] empire, 
 63. 10 ; command, authority, 
 power, sway, 34. 13, 20 ; 37. 7, 
 etc. 
 
 imper5, i [paro], command,' 
 order, bid, g. 23 ; 28. 25 ; 30. 
 24 J demand, levy, raise, 60. 27. 
 
 impetro, i [patro, gain], gain 
 one's end; obtain, procure, get, 
 31. 15; 58. II. 
 
 impetus, us, m., attack, charge, 
 onset, 7. s; 29. 23; 30. 14, 
 etc. ; violence, fury, 39. 5. 
 
 impitts, a, um, adj., not reverent ; 
 wicked, foul, unnatural, un- 
 patriotic, 35. 20. 
 
 implies, I , avi or ui, atus or itus, 
 fold in; seize, attack, disable, 
 41. I. 
 
 imploTO, I, ifivoke with tears; 
 beg, entreat, beseech, 55. 1 5. 
 
 impono, 3, posui, positus, place 
 ox put upon, 9. 12; 24. 18; 
 53. 6, etc. ; place, put, or lay 
 
 »'«. 33- 7 ; 57- I ; pl<i<:' on- 
 board, man, 12. 21. 
 
 imprimis or in primis, adv., 
 among the first; chiefly, es- 
 pecially, principally, 63. 10. 
 
 impudentia, ae, f. [impudetis, 
 shameless], shamelessness, im- 
 pudence. 
 
 in, prep., in : w. ace, into, upon, 
 to, for, 2. 23; 3. 5, 19, etc.; 
 according to, after, 10. 6; 12. 
 7 ; toward, 6. 7 ; 12. 17 ; in 
 aeternum, forever, 19. 2 ; w. 
 abl., in, on, among, 2. i, 5; 
 3, 2. etc.; at, 2. 19; 5. 13; 
 amid, at a time of, 39. 20 j in 
 proximo, near by, in the vicin- 
 ity, 34. 22. 
 
 inambulo, i, — , — , walk up and 
 down, pass to and fro, 46. 6. 
 
 inanis, e, adj., empty, deserted, 
 73. 3 ; fruitless, useless, vain, 
 unprofitable, 51. 5. 
 
 incedo, 3, cessi, csssus, fall upon; 
 advance, march, move, 49. 15. 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 151 
 
 incendium, i, N., a burning ; fire, 
 
 flames, conflagration, 74. 15, 
 
 22, 25. 
 incendo, 3, dl, ensus, set on fire ; 
 
 kindle, light, make (a fire). 
 incertus, a, um, adj., not fixed ; 
 
 not certain, undecided, doubtful, 
 
 53- 16. 
 incido, 3, dl, — [cado], /all into, 
 
 24. 4 ; 25. 3 ; happen to be, be 
 
 made-by chance, 46. 15. 
 incido, 3, di, sus [caedo, cut'l, 
 
 cut into ; cut upon, carve, 68. 
 
 22. ■ 
 incipio, 3, cepi, ceptus [capio], 
 
 take hold, take in hand, begin. 
 incit5, I, set in rapid motion; 
 
 spur on, incite, drive, 45. 9 J 
 
 50. 21. 
 inclamo, 1, call on; shout to, 
 
 call,upon, 39. 6. 
 include, 3, si, sus [claudo], shut 
 
 in ; enclose, confine, keep, 9. 
 
 10 ; 26. 6, 16, etc. 
 inclutus, a, um, adj , celebrated, 
 
 renowtied, famous, 36. 23 ; 43. 
 
 I ; 44. 20. 
 incognitus, a, um, adj., not ex- 
 amined ; not known, unknown, 
 
 46. 28. 
 incola, ae, m., one who dwells in 
 
 a place ; inhabitant, citizen, 5. 
 
 2, 7 ; 6. 3, etc. 
 incolo, 3, ui, — , be at home, live, 
 
 60. 24 ; dwell in, inhabit, w. 
 
 ace, 20. 6, 14 ; 27. 7. 
 incolumis, e, adj., unimpaired ; 
 
 unharmed, safe, sound, 7. 20, 
 
 24; 16. 21, etc. 
 incredibilis, e, adj., not to be be- 
 lieved ; incredible, extraordi- 
 nary, 7. 14; 52. 10 ; 65. 4. 
 
 increpo, i, ui, itus, crash, re- 
 sound, 38. iB; upbraid, rebuke, 
 chide, reprove, 34. i8 ; 39. 21. 
 
 incresco, 3, evi, — , grow upon ; 
 increase, grow, rise, 42. 3. 
 
 incursio, onis, f., running into ; 
 hostile inroad, invasion, 41. 9 ; 
 50. 2. 
 
 inde, 2Av.,from there, thence, 62. 
 I ; 68. 17 ; 75. 8 ; after that, 
 then, thereupon, 42. 13 ; 46. 
 18, etc. 
 
 index, icis, m. and f., one who 
 points out ; sign, mark, 37. 19. 
 
 indicium, J, n., notice ; evidence, 
 sign, proof, indication, 64. i. 
 
 indico, i [index], point out ; de- 
 clare, inform, disclose, make 
 known, reveal, 33. 20. 
 
 indico, 3, xl, dictus, declare pub- 
 licly, ann&unce, proclaim, de- 
 clare, 35. 5; 40. 26; 41. II, 
 etc. 
 
 indignatiS, onis, f. [indignor, 
 deem unworthy^ displeasure, 
 anger, 27. 4. 
 
 indigne, adv. , [indlgnus, un- 
 worthy'], unworthily ; w. fero, 
 take ill, be angry, 45. 23. 
 
 indoles, is, f., inborn quality; 
 nature, character, disposition, 
 34. 3 ; 49. 8. 
 
 induo, 3, uT, utus, put on, 16. 6, 
 10, it;, clothe, dress, wrap, 
 50. 6. 
 
 industria, ae, f. [industrius, 
 active], activity ; diligence, ac- 
 tivity, zeal, 42. 18. 
 
 ineo, Tre, iv5 and ii, itus, go into ; 
 enter upon, form, devise, 3.8; 
 8. 23; begin, 61. 3; acquire, 
 obtain, 73. 24. 
 
1S2 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 inermis, e, adj. [arma], unarmed, 
 defenceless, 50. 18. 
 
 infamia, ae, f. [Infamis, of ill 
 repute^ ill fame, bad repute, 
 disgrace, reproach, 67. 23. 
 
 infamo, i [infamis, of ill repute^ 
 bring into ill repute ; dishonor, 
 brand, 75. 1. 
 
 infandus, a, um, adj., not to be 
 spoken; unheard of , unnatural, 
 shocking, awful, 13. 5. 
 
 infans, fantis, adj., that cannot 
 speak; as noun, M. and f., 
 little child, infant, babe, 33. 10. 
 
 infectus, a, um, adj. [f actus], 
 not done ; unaccomplished, un- 
 done, 19. 13. 
 
 infelix, icis, adj., not fruitful ; 
 unlucky, unfortunate, illfated, 
 16. 26. 
 
 infero, ferre, tuli, latus, bear in ; 
 bring upon, w. ace. and dat., 
 14. IS; 23. 25; 62. i5, etc.; 
 w. se, .betake oneself, repair, 
 go into, 37. 27 ; present or ex- 
 pose oneself, advance, 36. 3. 
 
 infests, i, — , — [infestus], 
 threaten ; molest, trouble, in- 
 fest, 33. 24. 
 
 infestus, a, um, adj. [p. of 
 infendo], striking; hostile, 
 threatening, 38. 16 ; 54. 22. 
 
 inficio, 3, feci, fectus [facio], 
 make or put in; dip, plunge, 
 II. 18; soak, imbue, 16. 5. 
 
 infirmus, a, um, adj., not strong; 
 weak, feeble. 
 
 inflatus, a, um, adj. [p. of inflo, 
 
 blonxi intol, swelled up ; inflated, 
 
 filed with air, 65. 6 ; elated, 
 
 - puffed up, made proud, 54. 
 
 10. 
 
 infligo, 3, IxJ, ictus, dash upon; 
 give to, inflict upon, 52. 4. 
 
 infra, adv. [for infera, sc. parte], 
 on the under side ; below, be- 
 neath, 64. 13. 
 
 (Infrendo), 3, — , — , strike 
 upon ; only pres. part., gnash, 
 grind together, 51. 21. 
 
 infundo, 3, fudi, fusus, pour in, 
 throw in, 14. 25. 
 
 ingemo, 3, ui, — , groan, mourn, 
 lament, sigh, 59. 23. 
 
 ingenium, i, n., that which is 
 born in ; nature, temperament, 
 disposition,^^. 7; 75. 11; tal- 
 ent, cleverness, ability, 71. 20. 
 Cf. indoles. 
 
 ingens, entis, adj ., not of its kind, 
 unnatural ; huge, mighty, ter- 
 rible, 7. II ; 9. 10; 10. 5, etc. 
 
 ingenuus, a, um, adj., born in, 
 native; free-born, of free 
 parents, 43, 8. 
 
 ingredior, 3, gressus [gradior], 
 go into, enter, 42. 16 ; 56. 16. 
 
 inhaereo, 2, si, sus, cling upon ; 
 stick fast, become wedged in, 51. 
 18. 
 
 inhibeo, 2, ui, itus [habeo], hold 
 in ; restrain, hold back, draw 
 in, 45. 16. 
 
 inhio, I, stand open, gape; be 
 eager for, long for, desire, 
 50. 16. 
 
 inicio, 3, iecl, iectus [iacio], 
 throw in ; cast upon, inspire, 
 occasion, cause, 67. 13 ; throw 
 over, put on, apply, 39. 27 ; w. 
 manus and dat., lay hands on, 
 seize, 23. iS. 
 
 inimicus, a, um, adj. [amicus], 
 not friendly ; hostile, un- 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 153 
 
 friendly, 5. 3 ; superl., 58. 4 ; 
 as noun, M., enemy, foe, 12. 17 ; 
 54. 21 ; 64. 26, etc. 
 
 initium, I, N., agoing into; begin- 
 ning ; abl. as adv., in the be- 
 ginning, at first, 6g. 19. 
 
 iniuria, ae, f. [iiiiurius, unlaw- 
 ful^, injustice ; wrong, outrage, 
 injury, 16. 3; 21. 2; /;«r<', 
 harm, 61. ig. 
 
 inlacrimo, i [lacrima], io«?/ a/- 
 on ; sorrow for, bewail, lament, 
 71. 2. 
 
 innitor, 3, nlxus, lean upon ; 
 support oneself on, 65. 6. 
 
 inopia, ae, f. [inops, without re- 
 sources'\, want; want, need, 
 poverty, 53. 21. 
 
 inquam, defect, verb, say, 23. 
 II ; 24. I ; 2g. 15, etc. 
 
 inrldeo, 2, rlsi, rlsus, laugh at; 
 mock, ridicule, make fun of, 
 
 34^17- 
 
 inrito, i, incite, stimulate, insti- 
 gate, stir up, 51. 2. 
 
 inruo, 3, rui, — ,rush in, press 
 in, enter eagerly, 31. .1; rush 
 upon, attack, 55. 17 ; 64. 18. 
 
 insania, ae, f. [Insanus], ztn- 
 soundness of mind, insanity, 
 madness, 24. 4. 
 
 insanus, a, um, adj., of unsound 
 mind, insane, mad. 
 
 insciens, entis, adj., not knowing, 
 unaware ; patre, without his 
 father'' s knowledge, 10. 22. 
 
 insequor, 3, secutus, follow up- 
 on ; follow, come after, 40. 26 ; 
 ■pursue, start in pursuit, 12. 
 22. 
 
 insero, 3, sevi, situs, plant in; 
 implant, plant, sow, 9. 21. 
 
 inservio, 4, — , itus, be service- 
 able ; devote oneself, 75. 9, 12. 
 
 insideo, 2, sedl, — [sede5], sit 
 upon, occupy, 42. 12. 
 
 insidiae, arum, p., a lying in am- 
 bush ; plot, scheme, trick, 28. 
 10; 43. II ; 62. 16, etc.; treach- 
 ery, 18. I. 
 
 insidior, i [insidiae], lie in am- 
 bush ; lie in wait for, waylay, 
 33- 18; 54. 14. 
 
 insigne, is, n. {Insignis], mark, 
 "Sn< 43- 9 ; 63. 25. 
 
 insignis, e, adj., distinguished by 
 a mark ; famous, noted, emi- 
 nent, prominent, conspicuous, 
 35. 24 ; 37. 2 ; 44. 3 ; N. as 
 noun, remarkable deed, exploit, 
 60. 28. 
 
 insolentius, adv., comp. of inso- 
 lenter [insolens, excessive^ 
 immoderately ; rather inso- 
 lently, haughtily, 63. 20. 
 
 instituo, 3, ul, utus [statuo], put 
 in place ; institute, establish, or- 
 ganize, 36. 26; 63. 8; determine 
 on, decide, resolve, 29. ig; 69. 12. 
 
 institUtum, I, n. [p. of Instituo], 
 thing established ; institution, 
 law, custom, 37. 23. 
 
 insto, I, stiti, staturus, stand up- 
 on; approach, press upon, 
 be at hand, 67. 28. 
 
 instruo, 3, iixi, iictus, build in; 
 build up, fit out, 63. ^-f prepare, 
 furnish, provide, equip, 7. 4 ; 
 16. 19; 28. 12, etc.; teach, 
 inform, instruct, 49. ig. 
 
 insula, ae, F., island, isle, 4. 19 ; 
 5. I ; 18. 8, etc. 
 
 instttn, inesse, infuT, be in or upon; 
 be contained in, be in, 58. 17. 
 
154 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 insuper, adv., above; over and 
 above, in addition, besides, 53. 5. 
 
 intactus, a, um, adj., not touched ; 
 untouched, uninjured, un- 
 harmed, 39. 10. 
 
 integer, gra, grum, adj., un- 
 touched ; unhurt, univounded, 
 sound, 38. 24. 
 
 intellego, 3, exi, ectus, come to 
 know ; perceive, find out, learn, 
 know, 2. 7, 13 ; 3. 6, etc. 
 
 intemperans, antis, adj., without 
 self-control, unrestrained, ex- 
 travagant, 66. 14. 
 
 intentus, a, um, adj. [p. of in- 
 tendo], held upon ; attentive, 
 intent, with attention fixed, 
 43- 18. 
 
 inter, prep. w. ace, in the midst 
 of, between, 34. 1 1 ; 36. i5 ; 38. 
 7, etc. ; in, among, in the num- 
 ber or society of, 2. 25 ; 12. 7 ; 
 18. 4, etc. ; inter se, together, 
 with one another, 10. 12 ; 24. 
 14 ; 27. 19, etc. 
 
 Intercalarius, a, um, adj. [inter- 
 calaris, to be inserted], for in-, 
 sertion, intercalary, 63. 4. 
 
 intercalo, i, proclaim an inser- 
 tion in the calendar, insert, 
 
 63- 5- 
 
 intercipiS, 3, cepi, ceptus, seize 
 in passing ; take away, snatch, 
 usurp, 42. 20. 
 
 interdum, adv., sometimes, occa- 
 sionally, now and then, 52. 16. 
 
 interea, adv., among these; in 
 the meantime, meanwhile, 3. 
 20 ; 4. 6 ; 23. 20, etc. 
 
 interfector, 5ris, m. [interficio], 
 one who kills; slayer, mur- 
 derer, 62. 15. 
 
 interficio, 3, feci, fectus [facio], 
 make beiweeii ; put out of the 
 way, destroy, kill, slay, 2. 5 ; 
 g. 25 ; 10. 14, etc. 
 
 intericio, 3, ieci, iectus [iacio], 
 throw between ; pass., interpose, 
 pass, go by, elapse, 46. 20. 
 
 interim, adv., between this; 
 meanwhile, in the meantime, 
 40. 22; 44. 12; 5g. I. 
 
 interimo, 3, emi, emptus [emo], 
 take from the midst ; destroy, 
 kill, slay, 34. 8; 46. 10; 50. 
 20, etc. 
 
 interior, ius, adj., comp. [inter], 
 inner, interior, 20. 18, 23 ; 
 27. 23. _ 
 
 interitus, us, m., « going between ; 
 overthrow, fate, death, 35. 25. 
 
 intermitto, 3, mIsT, missus, let go 
 in the midst ; leave ofi', suspend, 
 interrupt, 4. 2 ; 13. 15; pass., 
 elapse, intervene, 8. i ; 27.6; 
 30. 1. 
 
 interniintius, i, m., go-between; 
 mediator, messenger, 69. 20. 
 
 interrogo, l, ask, inquire, ques- 
 tion, 43. 2 ; 47. 7. 
 
 intersum, esse, fui, be between, 
 intervene, 13. 3. * 
 
 intervallum, i, n., space between 
 palisades ; space between, dis- 
 tance apart, interval, 7. 13 ; 
 39. 2. 
 
 intimus, a, um, adj., super]., 2«- 
 most; intimate, close, near, 
 6g. 16. 
 
 intra, prep. w. ace. [in], in the 
 inner part ; within, inside, 42, 
 6; 62. 18. 
 
 intro, I, go into, enter, 7. i ; 20. 
 4 ; 28. II, etc. 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 ISS 
 
 introeo, ire, ivl and ii, — , go in, 
 enter, 71. 28. 
 
 introitus, us, m., a going in ; en- 
 trance, 20. i; 21. 19; 23. 21, 
 etc. 
 
 intueor, 2, itus, look upon, gaze 
 at, behold, 15. 3; consider, re- 
 gard, 68. I. 
 
 intupiesco, 3, mui, — , swell up ; 
 rise, become angry, rage, 62. 8. 
 
 intus, adv., within, inside, 50. xi,. 
 
 inutilis, e, adj., useless, unser- 
 viceable, 31. 22. 
 
 inveho, 3, vexT, vectus, carry in ; 
 pass., ride into, be borne into, 
 enter, 59. 6. 
 
 invenio, 4, venl, ventus, come ojt; 
 come upon, find, discover, 20. 
 5; 24. 7; 28. 12; 46. 19, etc. 
 
 inventor, oris, M., contriver, dis- 
 coverer. 
 
 invicem, adv., by turns, in turn, 
 one after another, 43. 17. 
 
 inridia, ae, f. [invidus, envious"], 
 envy ; grudging, jealousy, 
 meanness, 49. 6, 8 ; 68. 3 ; dis- 
 repute, disfavor, 71. 15. 
 
 invidiosus, a, um, adj. [invidia], 
 full of envy ; an object of hatred, 
 hated, odious, 40. 10. 
 
 invisus, a, um, adj. [p. of in vi- 
 deo, hate], hated, hateful, de- 
 tested. • 
 
 invito, I [for invocito], keep 
 calling upon ; invite, urge to 
 enter, 28. 9. 
 
 invitus, a, um, adj., against the 
 will; unwilling, with reluc- 
 tance, 19. l6; 29. 4. 
 
 invOCO, I , call upon, invoke, 53.21. 
 
 involneratus, a, um, adj., un- 
 wounded. 
 
 iocus, T, M. (pi. also ioca, it.), jest, 
 joke, 59. 9, 13; 60. 17, etc. 
 
 I5nia, ae, f., the middle part 
 of the western coast of Asia 
 Minor, 69. 4. 
 
 ipse, a, um, intens. dem. pron., 
 that or this very; self, himself, 
 herself, very, very same, etc., 
 5. 5; 8. 21; II. 10, etc. 
 
 ira, ae, f., anger, wrath, 8. 6; 10^ 
 17; II. 3, etc. 
 
 iratus, a, um [p." of irascor, 3, 
 iratus, be angry], angered, en- 
 raged, furious, 34. 18 ; 43. I ; 
 63. 22. 
 
 is, ea, id, dem. pron., that, this, 
 he, she, etc., 2. 9, 13, 21, etc.; 
 in e5 ut, on the point «/^, 21. 15; 
 29. II. 
 
 iste, a, ud, dem. pron., referring 
 to that which is at hand or to 
 the person addressed, that, that 
 of yours, 4. 19; g. 3; 10. 2, 
 etc. 
 
 ita, adv., in this manner ; in this 
 wise, se, thus, 4. 18 ; 6. 13 ; 7. 
 
 27, etc.; non ita multo post, 
 not very long afterward, 36. 6. 
 
 Italia, ae, f., Italy, 61. 19. 
 
 itaq^ue, conj., and so, and thus, 
 accordingly, 15. 13; 34. j. 
 
 item, adv., likewise, also, as well, 
 63.9. 
 
 iter, itineris, N., u going ; way, 
 march, journey, voyage, 3. 2, 
 13, 17, etc.; aliquantum itineris, 
 a little way, 28. 4; 29. 8. 
 
 iterum, adv., again, a second 
 time, once more, 23. 4; 24. 6; 
 
 28. 3, etc. 
 
 Ithaca, ae, f., an island in the 
 Ionian Sea, 18. 8. 
 
1S6 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 luba, ae, m., king of Numidia, 
 62. 25. 
 
 iubeS, 2, iussi, iussus, order, give 
 orders, command, bid, 3. 21 ; 12. 
 21 ; 13. 15, etc. 
 
 iudex, icis, m. and f. \yas\,judge, 
 juror, 39. 26. 
 
 iudicium, I, n. lyaAeTi], judgment, 
 trial, decision. 
 
 iudico, I [iudex], be a judge; judge, 
 decide, declare, 46. 20. 
 
 iugulum, T, N., dim. [iugum], col- 
 lar bone ; throat, neck, 64. 13. 
 
 iugum, i, li. , joining thing ; yoke, 
 9. 12; of spears, 40. 7. 
 
 lulia, ae, f., Caesar's daughter 
 and wife of Pompey, 61. 11. 
 
 lulius, i, M. See Caesar, Pro- 
 culus. 
 
 iungo, 3, iunxi, iunctus, fasten ; 
 join, unite, bind, 45. 7 ; form, 
 54. 15; 60. 6; yoke, 8. 12, 14; 
 16. 19. 
 
 luno, onis, F., daughter of Sat- 
 urn, and sister and wife of 
 Jupiter, 48. II, i> 
 
 luppiter, lovis, m., heaven ; Ju- 
 piter, king of the gods, 6. 8; 
 7. 1 1 ; 35. 29, etc. 
 
 iiiro, I [ius], swear, make oath. 
 ius, iuris, N., that which binds 
 
 (morally) ; right, privilege, 25. 
 
 9; 64. 2^; justice, right, 40. 5; 
 
 59. 19; 63. 5; law, 41. 19; 63. 
 
 1 1 ; law court, trial, 39. 26 ; abl. 
 
 as adv., with justice, justly, 
 
 rightly, 39. 29; 42. 20; 56. 15. 
 ius iurandum (iusiurandum), iuris 
 
 iurandi, N., oath to be sworn ; 
 
 oath, 16. 2; 30. 24; 36. 17, 
 
 etc. 
 (iussus, us), M., only abl. sing., 
 
 order, command, 28. 12; 40. 16, 
 
 19, etc. 
 iHstitia, ae, f. \^\\i,\ms'\, justness ; 
 
 uprightness, justice, 36. 23. 
 iiistus, a, urn, adj. [ius], accord- 
 ing to right ; just, right, proper, 
 
 25. 10. 
 iuvenca, ae, F. [iuvencus, bul- 
 
 loek], young cow, heifer, 54. 15. 
 iuvenis, e, zA].,young, 14. 18, 20; 
 
 as noun, H., young man, youth, 
 
 warrior, 5. 20; 35. 9; 38. 16, 
 
 ete. 
 iuventiis, utis, f. [iuvenis], j/c«//5. 
 iiixta, adv., near to, hard by, close 
 
 to, 72. 24. 
 
 K 
 
 Kalendae, arum, f.. Calends, the 
 first day of the month, 37. 1 5. 
 
 Cf. the Nones, the fifth, and the 
 fdes, the thirteenth. 
 
 labor, oris, m., work, labor, task, laboriosus, a, um, adj. [labor], 
 
 effort, exertion, 4. 2; 8. 10, 20, full of labor ; industrious, tire- 
 
 etc. less, 66. 10. 
 
 laboriose, adv. [laboriosus], with laboro, i [labor], labor; suffer, 
 
 fatigue ; with an effort, with be afflicted, 58. 8. 
 
 painstaking, 63. 5. lac, lactis, N., milk, 20. 5. 
 
VOCABULARY. 157 
 
 Lacedaemon, onis, f., Sparta, 68. Larentia, ae, f. See Acca. 
 
 22- Latinus, a, um, adj., of Latium ; 
 
 Lacedaemonii, orum, m., Spar- Latin, 63. 13; M. pi. as noun, 
 
 tans, Lacedaemonians, 69. i. Latins, 41. 8. 
 
 LaCO, onis, M., » Laconian, Spar- latro, i, bark,yelp, 49. 4. 
 
 tan, 74. 4. latro, onis, M.; hired soldier ; 
 
 lacrima, ae, F., tear, 10. 25; 22. robber, brigand, bandit, 20. 25 ; 
 
 13; 28. 2, etc. 33. 17, 18, etc. 
 
 laciimo, i [lacrima], shed tears, latnrus. See fero. 
 
 weep, 70. 26. latus, a, um, adj., i^-oaaT, a//fl!>/ 
 
 lacus, us, M., opening ; lake, pond, comp. latior, 4. 4. 
 
 5S- 7- laudo, i [laus],/rfflwc, honor, ex- 
 
 laetitia, ae, f. \\.a&tVi'i\, gladtiess ; tol, 46. 16; 54. 8; 75. 5. 
 
 joy, exultafion, rejoicing, 25. I ; laurea, ae, F. [laureus], laurel 
 
 31. 9; 71. 9. tree ; laurel wreath, 64. 25. 
 
 laetus, a, um, diiy, feeling joy ; laureus, a, um, adj. [laurus, lau- 
 
 glad, delighted, pleased, with rel-tree'],of laurel, 0/ bay leaves, 
 
 joy, 37. 8; pleasant, grateful, laurel, 70. 26. 
 
 rzV,^, abundant, 49. i. laus, laudis, F., praise, flattery, 
 
 laeva, ae, f. [laevus, on the left], 54. 10 ; 75. 2 ; title to praise, 
 
 left hand (sc. manus), 35. 20. merit, 75. 16. 
 
 Iramaclius, i, m., an Athenian legatio, onis, F. [lego], office of 
 
 general, 67. 6. embassador ; embassy, legation, 
 
 lambo, 3, bl, — , lick, lap, 33. 11. 35. 2. 
 
 lamenta, orum, n., wailing, weep- legatus, 1, m. [p. of lego], one 
 
 ing, lamentation, 22. 13. sent on a commission ; embas- 
 
 Isina., a.e, v., wool, spinning, 46. ig. sador, envoy, 34. 25; 41. 11, 
 
 lani5, i [lanius, butcher], tear in 13, etc. 
 
 pieces, rend, mangle, 50. 3. legio, onis, F., legion, a body of 
 
 lapideus, a, um, adj. [lapis, soldiers containing ten cohorts 
 
 stone], of stone, stone, 42. 23; of foot-soldiers and 300 cav- 
 
 68. 22. airy, in all between 4200 and 
 
 laqueus, I, m., loop ; noose, rope, 6000 men, 61. 3. 
 
 39. 27. lego, 3, legl,lectus, 3?^«^/(y^/14if>-; 
 
 lassitudo, inis, f. [lassus, faint], choose, select, appoint, 37. 14. 
 
 faintness ; weariness, fatigue, lenis, e, adj., smooth; gentle, 
 
 10. i; 26. 14. light, soft, 7. 16. 
 
 latebra, ae, f., hiding-place, cov- leo, onis, M., lion, 49. 9 ; 50. 6, 
 
 ert, retreat, 58. 8. 7> etc. 
 
 lateo, 2, ui, — ,lurk; be hidden letalis, e, adj. [letum, death], 
 
 ,or concealed, be out of sight, deadly ; fatal, mortal, 44. 11; 
 
 escape notice, 24. 15. 52. 4. 
 
158 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 levitas, atis, f. [levis, light'], 
 lightness, quickness, nimbleuess, 
 48. 7. 
 
 levo, I [levis, light], lift up; 
 lighten, relieve, ease, 53. 2. 
 
 lex, legis, f., that -which is fixed ; 
 rule, law, 37. 22, 29; 60. 8, 
 etc. ; terms, condition, stipula- 
 tion, 38. 12. 
 
 liber, bri, m., inner bark of a tree ; 
 book, roll, 47. I, 6, 9, etc. 
 
 libenter, adv. [libens, willing], 
 willingly ; gladly, with pleasure, 
 3. 16; 6. 24; 7. 25, etc.; comp. 
 libentius, 64. 25; superl. liben- 
 tissime, 28. 13. 
 
 Uberalis,' e, adj. [liber, free], of 
 freedom ; generous, liberal, 
 courteous, gracious, 66. 11. 
 
 liberalitas, atis, f. [Uberalis], 
 frankness ; generosity, liberal- 
 ity, 67. 17. 
 
 libera, adv. [liber, free], freely, 
 without hindrance, 55. 20. 
 
 liberi, orum, m. [liber, free], 
 children of free parents ; chil- 
 dren, 3S. 7 ; 4.0- 3- 
 
 libero, i [liber, free], make free, 
 set free, deliver, liberate, 34. 8 ; 
 53- 22; 73. 18. 
 
 libertas, atis, f. \!S!o^t, free], free, 
 dom, liberty, 67. 14. 
 
 libertus, i, m. [liber, free], one set 
 free ; freedman, 58. 9. 
 
 libidinosus, a, um, adj. [liblda; 
 pleasure], full of desire ; licen- 
 tious, sensual, fond of pleasure, 
 66. 14. 
 
 Libya, ae, f., 18. 18. 
 
 licentia, ae, f. [licens, p. of licet], 
 freedom ; lawlessness, license, 
 lack of restraint, 68. 15. 
 
 licet, 2, uit, itum est, impers., it 
 is lawful ; it is permitted or 
 allowed, one may, 14. 9; 21. 2; 
 29. 5, etc. 
 
 lictor, oris, m., lictor, an officer 
 attending upon a magistrate, 
 39- 27. 
 
 lignum, i, n., that which is gath- 
 ered ; wood, woodwork, piece of 
 wood, 22. 17; 23. 14; 53. 18. 
 etc. 
 
 ligo, I, tie ; bind, fasten, 26. 9. 
 
 ligo, onis, M., mattock, hoe, 56. 9. 
 
 limen, inis, n., crosspiece ; thresh- 
 old, 29. II. 
 
 lineamentum, i, n. [llnea, line], 
 line, feature, lineament, 34. 5. 
 
 lingua, ae, F., tongue, 33. 10; 
 language, 66. 20. 
 
 litus, oris, N., that covered by the 
 sea; shore, beach, 5. 5, 26; 16. 
 24, etc. 
 
 locupleto, I [locuples, rich in 
 lands], make rich, enrich, 70. 
 10; 72. 1. 
 
 locus, i, M., place, spot, region, 3. 
 17 ; 9. 9, 17, etc. ; place, room, 
 chance, 59. Xi,; position, place, 
 48.4; 64. 18; 71. 24; condi- 
 tion, situation, 6. 15; 13. 4; 
 21. 24, etc. 
 
 lociitus. See loquor. 
 
 longe, adv. [longus], a long way 
 off; widely, greatly, by far, far, 
 19- 7! 35- 28; 72. 6; comp. 
 longius, farther, rather far, to 
 some distance, 5. 25; 13. 2, 11, 
 etc. 
 
 longitiido, inis, f. [longus], 
 length, 51. 19. 
 
 longus, a, um, adj.,/««^, extended, 
 18. I ; tedious, 32.5; navis, ship 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 159 
 
 of war, 12. 21 ; superl. longissi- 
 
 mus, 65. 3. 
 loquor, 3, cutus, speak, talk, say, 
 
 14. 7, 16; 15. 4, etc. 
 lotus, i, F., lotus, 18. 25. 
 lucide, adv. [lucidus, full of 
 
 lighf], clearly^ distinctly, 28. 
 
 23- 
 Lucius, i, M. See Tarquinius, 
 
 42. 8. 
 Lucretia, ae, f., wife of Tar- 
 quinius Collatinus, 46. 18. 
 lucrum, T, N., gain; riches, 
 
 •wealth, 26. 19. 
 luctor, 1, wrestle; strive, struggle, 
 
 contend, 25. 21. 
 luctus, us, M., sorrow, mourning, 
 
 grief. 
 lucus, i,M., shining place; sacred 
 
 grove, grove, 34. 22; 37. 25. 
 ludibrium, I, n. [ludus], thing 
 
 causing mockery ; taunt. Jest, 
 
 scoff, ridicule, 35. 2. 
 (liidicet), era, crum, adj. [ludus], 
 
 belonging to play ; done in 
 
 sport, sportive, 33. T5. 
 ISdo, 3, SI, sus, play ; deceive, 
 
 trick, 55. 19. 
 liidus, i, M., play; pi., public 
 
 games, sports, spectacle, shows, 
 
 35. 4 ; 59. 28. 
 lugeo, 2, luxi, luctus, mourn. 
 
 lament, bewail, grieve for, 39, 
 
 _23- 
 lumen, inis, N., that which shines; 
 
 rays, light, 12. 6, 10. 
 lijna, ae, f. shining one ; moon, 
 
 37- 17- 
 lupa, ae, f. [lupus], she-wolf, 
 
 33- 9. 12- 
 lupus, I, M., wolf, 48. I, 2, 16, etc. 
 luscinia, ae, f., nightingale, 
 
 48. r2. 
 lustro, I [liistrum, sacrifice for 
 
 purificationi, review, examine, 
 
 36. 12. 
 
 lusus, VlS, m. \\viAo\, playing; for 
 sport, in fun, 55. 14. 
 
 lux, lucis, f., that which shines ; 
 light, daylight, 9. ir ; luce 
 orta, at sunrise, at daybreak, g. 
 9; II. 5; 22. 5. ^ ^ 
 
 luxuriose, adv. [luxuriosus], 
 luxuriously, voluptuously, 75. 
 r6. 
 
 liixuriosus, a, um, adj. [luxuria, 
 extravagance^ extravagant, 
 luxurious, 66. 14. 
 
 luxus, us, M., excess ; luxury, en- 
 joyment, pleasure, 46. 17. 
 
 Lycus, I, M., father of Thrasy- 
 bulus, 6g. 24. 
 
 Lysander, dri, m., a Spartan gen- 
 eral, 72. 6. 
 
 M 
 
 M., abbreviation for Marcus, 
 magicus, a, um, adj., of magic, 
 
 magical, 14. 26 ; 15. 7 ; z8. 16. 
 magis, adv., comp., more, rather, 
 
 24. 12 ; 34. 21 ; 40. 4, etc. 
 magister, tri, m., master ; teacher, 
 
 exponent, 58. 19. 
 
 magistratus, iis, m. [magister], 
 office of master ; office, 71. 24 ; 
 body of magistrates, administra- 
 tion, 68. 9. 
 
 magnifice, adv. [magnificus], 
 nobly ; grandly, richly, sumptu- 
 ously, splendidly, 30. 4. 
 
160 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 magnificentia, ae, f. [magnifi- 
 cxxsl, loftiness ; splendor, gran- 
 deur, elegance, 28. 5. 
 
 magnificus, a, um, adj. [magnus], 
 made great; splendid, fine, 
 sumptuous, grand, 28. 12; 29. 
 8. 
 
 magnitudo, inis, f. [magnus], 
 greatness ; size, proportions, 7. 
 II ; 9. 4 ; 10. 5, etc. 
 
 magnopere or magno opere, adv., 
 very much, greatly, exceed- 
 ingly, heartily. 
 
 magnus, a, um, adj., increased; 
 great, large, mighty, a. ii, 22, 
 
 24, etc. ; loud, heavy, 20. 24 ; 
 
 25. 8; 29. 6, etc. 
 
 maior, ius, adj., comp. of mag- 
 nus; greater, 33. 2; 37. 23; 
 
 50. 1 6, etc. 
 
 male, adv. [malus], badly, 
 wickedly, 51. 2 ; scarcely, with 
 difficulty, 39. 12; unsuccess- 
 fully, 69. 17. 
 
 maledicentissimus, a, um, adj., 
 superl. of maledicus [male- 
 dlc5], abusive, slanderous, 
 
 75- 4- 
 maledico, 3, xi, dictus, speak ill 
 of; abuse, revile, rail at, 48. 
 
 1.3- 
 maleflcus, a, um, adj. [male], 
 evil-doing; wicked, vicious, 
 
 51. I- 
 
 malitiose, adv. [malitiosus, full 
 of wickedness^ wickedly, kna- 
 vishly, 71. 17. 
 
 malo, malle, malui, — [magis, 
 V0I5], wish rather ; choose, 
 prefer, 2g. 5; 59- 'Si 74- 9- 
 
 malus, a, um, adj., bad, evil ; as 
 no\u\,ln.,evil, 16. 8; 53. 21, 22, 
 
 etc.; as noun, M. pi., the bad, 
 
 52- S- 
 malus, I, M., upright pole ; mast, 
 
 26. 9. 
 Mamurius, I, m., Numa's smith, 
 
 37- 12- 
 mane, adv. [mane, morning'], in 
 
 the morning, early in the morn- 
 ing, 9. 4. 
 maneo, 2, mansi, mansus, stay ; 
 
 abide, stay, remain, 5. 21; 10. 
 
 20; 12. 17, etc.; last, endure, 
 
 continue, 40. 9 ; 74. 3. * 
 manifestus, a, um, adj. [manus], 
 
 struck with the hand ; evident, 
 
 plain, apparent, 40. 5. 
 manus, us, f., measuring thing ; 
 
 hand, 7. 18; ig. 10, 16, etc.; 
 
 band, force, IT. 27 ; w. conserS, 
 
 engage hand to hand, 38. 20. 
 Marcius, I, m. See Ancus, 41. 6. 
 Marcus, i, m. See Bibnlus, 60. 
 
 i; Brutus, 64. 18; Crassus, 
 
 60. 6. 
 mare, is, n., sea, 4. 4; 7. 13, 
 
 etc. ; mare superum, Adriatic 
 
 Sea, 63. 15. 
 Marius, i, m., Caius Marius [b.c. 
 
 157-86], leader of the popular 
 
 party at Rome, 58. 17. 
 Hars, Martis, M., god of war, 
 
 37- H- 
 Martins, a, um, of Mars ; hence 
 
 of the month of March, 37. 1 5. 
 massa, ae, F., kneaded dough; 
 
 hence mass, lump, 50. 14. 
 mater, tris, f., she that bears ; 
 
 mother, 33. 11, 21. 
 matrimonium, I, n. [mater], 
 
 marriage, wedlock, 13. 24 ; 18. 
 
 10 ; 45. 6, etc. 
 matiiro, i [maturus, ripe"], make 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 161 
 
 ripen; make haste, hurry, 
 hasten, 12, 4 ; 18. 2; 32. r. 
 
 mazime, adv. [maxinius], in the 
 highest degree ; especially, par- 
 ticularly, principally, 15. II; 
 21. 4; 24. 22, etc. 
 
 maximus, a, urn, adj., superl. of 
 magnus ; greatest, very great, 
 17. 2 ; 27. 3; 42. 22, etc. 
 
 Medea, ae, f., daughter of Aeetes, 
 king of Colchis, 8. 18. 
 
 medicamentum, I, n. [medico, 
 drug\ drug, potion, 28. 14. 
 
 medicina, ae, f. [medicus], heal- 
 ing art ; medicine, 8. 22 ; 11. 
 15 ; 14. 21, etc. 
 
 meditOr, 1, reflect; plan, devise, 
 63. 19. 
 
 medius, a, um, adj., in the middle, 
 in the midjt of, 7. 13, 19; lo. 
 9, etc. ; media nox, midnight, 
 8. 23 ; 10. 31 ; as noun, N., 
 space between, middle, 38. 14; 
 
 mehercule, interj. [Hercules], by 
 Hercules ; indeed, assuredly, 
 
 55- 3- 
 
 membrum, J, n., small part; 
 limb, member, 13. 9, 11, 14, etc. 
 
 memorabilis, e, adj. [memoro], 
 that may be told; worthy of 
 remembrance, remarkable, not- 
 able, 5g. 25. ' 
 
 memoria, ae, f. [memor, mind- 
 ful'\, remembrance, memory, 46. 
 27; 66. 3; 68. 21; w. tenpo, 
 remember, bear in mind, 1 1 . i ; 
 27. 12. 
 
 memoro, i [memor, mindful^ 
 bring to remembrance ; recount, 
 relate, tell, 41. 4. 
 
 mendax, acis, adj., given to lying, 
 untruthful, lying, (p. 55). 
 
 mens, mentis, F., thinking; mind, 
 43. 3 ; attention, notice, 35. 8. 
 
 mensls, is, m., month, 37. 17 ; 
 63. 4. 
 
 mentio, onis, F., calling to mind ; 
 mention, allusion, 29. 1 1 ; 46. 
 15; eg. 21. 
 
 mercator, oris, m. [mercor], 
 trader, merchant, 20. 25, 26. 
 
 merces, edis, p., price ; fee, re- 
 ward, offer of a reward, 51. 18, 
 20; return, reward, 51. 22; 
 
 52. S- 
 
 mercor, i [merx], trade; buy, 
 purchase, 47. 13. 
 
 MercuriHS, i, m. [merx, goods'], 
 god of trades, Mercury, 29. 18. 
 
 mereor, 2, itus, deserve, be en- 
 titled to, 54. 18. 
 
 mergo, 3, si, sus, dip ; sink, dis- 
 able, 59. 8. 
 
 meridianus, a, um, adj. [merl- 
 dies], of midday, of noon,. 26. 
 10. 
 
 meridies, ace. em, m. [for medl- 
 dies, medius], midday, noon, 9. 
 16; south, 18. 17. 
 
 merito, adv. [abl. of meritum, 
 desert], according to desert ; de- 
 servedly, justly, 48. 14. 
 
 meritus, a, um, adj. [p. of me- 
 reor], deserving; due,fit, proper, 
 right, 7. 8. 
 
 merx, cis, F., goods, wares, com- 
 modities, 63. 7. 
 
 Mettius, i, M., M. Fufetius, leader 
 of the Albans, 40. 9. 
 
 metus, us, yi.,fear, dread, 37. 29. 
 
 meus, a, um, adj., of me; my, 
 mine, 14. 10; 34. 19; 41. 16, 
 etc. 
 
 micans, antis, adj. [p. of mico, 
 
162 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 move quickly to and fro\ twink- 
 ling ; glittering, flashing,gUam- 
 
 ing^ 38. 19- 
 
 miles, itis, m., one of many ; sol- 
 dier, man, 12. 21 ; 44. 5 ; 60. 
 28, etc. 
 
 Miletus, 1, F., a noted port of 
 Ionia, sg. S- 
 
 miliens, adv. [mille], u thousand 
 times, 60. 3. 
 
 militaris, e, adj. [miles], 0/ a 
 soldier ; of war, military, mar- 
 tial, 9. 6 ; 36. 20. 
 
 militia, ae, F. [miles], military 
 service ; militiae, in the field, 
 at war, 40. 28. , 
 
 mille, pi. milia, num. adj., one 
 thousand,^. 23; 5. 12; 11. 11, 
 etc. 
 
 minime, adv., superl. of parum, 
 least of all, very little, by no 
 means, 34. 3. 
 
 minimus, a, um, adj., superl., 
 least, smallest ; minimum afuit 
 quin, came very near, 13. I ; 
 2S. IS- 
 
 minitor, i, freq.[minor], threaten, 
 menace, 30. 15. 
 
 minor, i \ymx\ZA\,project; threaten, 
 menace, 59. 9. 
 
 minor, us, adj. comp. of parvus, 
 less, smaller, 47. 14; 50. 16. 
 
 minuo, 3, ui, utus, make small ; 
 lessen, diminish, reduce, weaken, 
 74.8. 
 
 minus, adv. comp. of parvum, 
 less, 37. 29, 30; 66. II, etc.; 
 neque minus multas, and as 
 many, 70. 8. 
 
 mirabilis, e, adj. [miror], to be 
 wondered at ; wonderful, singu- 
 lar, strange, 43. 24. Cf. mirus. 
 
 miraculum, i, n. [mlror], marvel- 
 lous thing; marvel, wonder, 
 
 15- 3- 
 
 miror, i [mIrus], wonder, marvel, 
 be astonished or amazed, 9.13; 
 12. 8; 20. 6, etc. 
 
 mirus, a, um, adj., wonderful, 
 marvellous, extraordinary, 9. 
 21; 10. 6; 12. 7, etc. Cf. mira- 
 bilis. 
 
 misceo, 2, ul, mixtus, mix, min- 
 gle, prepare, 28. 14. 
 
 miser, era, erum, adj., wretched ; 
 unfortunate, miserable, poor, 
 
 53- 7- 
 
 misericordia, ae, f. [misericors, 
 tender-hearted^, pity, compas- 
 sion, kindness, 52. 2. 
 
 Uithridates, is, m., king of Pon- 
 tus, 62. 17. 
 
 mitigo, I [mitis], make soft; 
 soften, subdue, refine, 36. 26. 
 
 mitis, e, adj., soft ; gentle, kind, 
 mild, 45. 4, 6, 7. 
 
 mitto, 3, misi, missus, cause to 
 go ; hurl, throw, 74. 22 ; send, 
 send off, despatch, 2. 17 ; 6. 8, 
 20, etc. 
 
 modo, adv. [abl. of modus], by a 
 measure ; only, merely, simply, 
 73. 21 ; non modo . . . sed 
 etiam, not only . . . but also, 2. 
 4; II. 13; 12. 18; as conj., «/ 
 only, provided that, 55. 4. 
 
 modus, 1, M., measure; limit, 
 bounds, 63. 1 1 ; way, manner, 
 method, 3. 4; 9. 21 ; 10. 6, etc. 
 
 moenia, ium, n., defensive walls ; 
 rampartSycity walls, 34. 19; 35. 
 
 13; 42- 3- 
 moles, is, f., shapeless mass; 
 weight, mass, 56. 20. 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 163 
 
 molestia, ae, f. [molestus], 
 trouble ; annoyance, vexation, 
 distress, 6. ii. 
 
 molestus, a, um, adj. [moles, 
 mass^, troublesome, irksome, 
 52. 8. 
 
 molior, 4 [moles], make exertion ; 
 labor at, struggle to accomplish, 
 be busy about, 73. 25; under- 
 take, attempt, 61. 22. Cf. conor, 
 5- 20. 
 
 Molo, onis, M., Apollonius Molo, 
 a famous rhetorician in the 
 time of Caesar, 58. 19. 
 
 momentum, 1, n., movement; 
 weight, importatice, influence, 
 72. 20; moment, instant, 62. 21. 
 
 moneo, 2, ui, itus, make to think ; 
 remind, advise, warn, 2. 20; 
 48. 8; 63. 22. 
 
 monitus, us, m. [moneo] , remind- 
 ing ; advice, counsel, 37. 25. 
 
 mons, montis, M., projecting; 
 mountain, mount, 8. 24 ; 20. 14 ; 
 38. 2, etc. 
 
 monstro, i [monstrum], point 
 out; show, display, point to, 14. 
 2; 28. 26. 
 
 monstrum, 1, n., that which 
 warns ; monster, pest, fiend, 6. 
 8 ; 20. 7, 17, etc. 
 
 mora, ae, F., delay; hesitation, 
 stopping, delay, 12. 14; 19. 5; 
 22. 7, etc. 
 
 morbus, i, m., sickness, disease, 
 41. I ; 58. 8; morbo extingui, 
 die a natural death, 38. I. 
 
 morior, 3, mortuus, die, expire, 
 2. 10; 8. 21 ; 38. S, etc.; fame, 
 starve to death, 6. 14. 
 
 moror, i [mora], wait; delay, 
 retard, hinder, 31. 15; 65. J. 
 
 mors, rtis, F., end, death, 2. 12, 
 
 14; 14. 14, etc. 
 morsus, us, m. [mordeo, bite^ 
 
 biting, bite, 55. 2. 
 mortalis, e, adj. [mors], subject to 
 
 death; mortal, human, of men, 
 
 29. 25. 
 mortiferus, a, um, adj. [mors], 
 
 death-bearing ; fatal, deadly. 
 mortuus, a, um, adj. [p. of mo- 
 rior], oVa^/, 2. 10; 15. 15; 74. 
 
 7, etc. 
 mos, moris, M., will; custom, 
 
 practice, habit, 41. 12; 45. 8; 
 
 60. 17, etc.; way, manner, 16. 
 
 9; 62. 20. 
 moveo, 2, movl, motus, move, 50. 
 
 7 ; stir, inspire, 4. 8 ; 31. 18 ; 
 
 52. 2 ; rouse to anger, arouse, 
 
 provoke, 39. 19; remove, expel, 
 
 degrade, 63. 7. 
 mox, adv., soon, at length, pres- 
 ently, afterwards, g, 6; 7. i6j 
 
 10. \2, etc. 
 mulier, eris, f., she who grinds ; 
 
 woman, 10.25; 36. 2 ; 47. 3, etc. 
 muliebris, e, adj. [mulier], «/■ a 
 
 woman, woman' s, feminine, 74. 
 
 24. 
 mulio, onis, M., wule-keeper ; 
 
 muleteer, driver, 45. 16. 
 multiplex, icis, adj. [multus], 
 
 with many folds ; repeated, fre- 
 quent, 62. 18. 
 multitudo, inis, F. [multus], many 
 
 together; large number, host, 
 
 throng, crowd; 4. 3 ; 42. i; 
 
 67. 12. 
 multo, adv. [multus], by much; 
 
 much, far, very, 47. 8; 66. 6; 
 
 69. 5 ; non ita multo post, not 
 
 very long after, 36. 6. 
 
164 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 multum, adv. [multus], much ; 
 
 great deal, greatly, much, long, 
 
 4. 18; 6. 13. 
 multus, a, um, adj., much; pi., 
 
 many, a great number, 3. 17 j 
 
 4. 7, II, etc. 
 munlo, 4 [moenia], wall ; build, 
 
 63. 15 ; fortify, protect, defend, 
 
 II. 14; 20. 2; 6g. 2. 
 munus, eris, n., service ; offering, 
 
 present, gift, 35. 15. 
 murus, I, M., enclosing thing; 
 
 wall, city wall, 42. 22; 44. 
 16. 
 mus, muris, M. and F., mouse, 
 
 51- 10. 13; 55- I- 
 
 muto, 1, freq. [moveo], keep mov- 
 ing, change, alter, 8. 9; 42. 24; 
 58.6. 
 
 Mysia, ae, f., a state of Asia 
 Minor, 5. 13. 
 
 mysterium, I, n., secret service ; 
 sacred rite, divine mystery, 67. 
 23- 
 
 N 
 
 nactus. See nanciscor. 
 
 nam, covi\.,for,you know, 34. 4; 
 35- '9; 37- i9i etc. Cf. enim, 
 3.6. 
 
 namque, conj., connecting closely 
 with what precedes;/or, and in 
 fact, 66. 7 ; 73. 14, 18, etc. 
 
 nanciscor, 3, nactus or nanctus, 
 get, obtain, 4. 16; II. 6; 18. 4, 
 etc. ; encounter, fall in with, 
 meet, 35. 12. 
 
 narro, i [gnarus, known'\, make 
 known; tell, relate, recount, i.Z, 
 23; 60. 28. 
 
 nascor, 3, natus, be born, be pro- 
 duced, 44. 24; 56. 16; 66. 4, 
 etc. ; p. natus, born, i.e. old, 74. 
 27; son of iyi. abl.), 46. 13. 
 
 nato, I, freq. [no, swim'], swim 
 about, float, 55. 9. 
 
 natiira, ae, f., birth ; quality, na- 
 ture, character, g. 20; IX. 14; 
 18. 20, etc. 
 
 (natus, us), M., only abl. sing., 
 being born ; birth, age, years ; 
 maior natu, elder, older, 33. z. 
 
 nauta, ae, M. [for navita, navis], 
 
 sailor, seaman, 5. 14. 
 nauticus, a, um, adj. [navis], of 
 
 ships ; ship-, naval, nautical, 3. 
 
 23 ; 72. 25. 
 navalis, e, adj. [navis], of ships ; 
 
 naval, sea-, 70. 3. 
 navicula, ae, f. [navis], small 
 
 vessel ; boat, skiff, 62. 6. 
 navigatio, onis, p. [navigo], sail- 
 ing, navigation, voyage, 26. I ; 
 
 32. I. 
 navigium, i, n. [navis], vessel, 
 
 ship, boat, 62. 9. 
 navigo, i [navis], make a ship 
 
 go; sail, navigate, 4. 16; 26. 
 
 7; 31- 21. 
 navis, is, f., ship, vessel, 3. 21, 
 
 23 ; 4. 3, etc. ; n. longa, ship 
 
 of war, 12. 20. 
 Navius, i, m. See Attus, 42. 25. 
 ne, adv. and conj., not, 10. 25 ; 
 
 II. 3; with quidem, tiot even, 
 
 4. I ; 21. 10, 21, etc.; that, 2. 
 
 15; that not, 7. 12; 8. 16, 
 
 etc. 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 165 
 
 -ne, interrog. part., whether, 14. 
 18; 43. 2. 
 
 ne, interj., truly, really, 56. 15. 
 
 nec or neque, conj., and not, but 
 not, 6. 19; 7. 6; 10. 18, etc.; 
 nec . . . nec, neither . . . nor<, 
 20. 26; 24. 2; 30. 12, etc. 
 
 necessario, adv. [necessarius], 
 unavoidably, inevitably, 72. 16. 
 
 necessarius, a, um, adj. [necesse, 
 unavoidable^ , indispensable, 
 needful, requisite, 63. 12. 
 
 Decease, adj., only nom. and ace., 
 tinavoidable, inevitable, neces- 
 sary, 13. 16; 23. 16. 
 
 necessitas, atis, f. [necesseji 
 being inevitable ; need, necessity, 
 
 33- 19- 
 
 neco, I, kill, slay, put to death, 
 15. 9 ; 16. 14; 56. 5. Cf. in- 
 terficio. 
 
 uefarie, adv. [nefarius, impiousi, 
 impiously, abominably. 
 
 nefas, indecl., n., something con- 
 trary to divine law ; crime, sin, 
 wrong, 67. 24. 
 
 nefastus, a, um, adj. [nefas], 
 contrary to divine law ; w. dies, 
 day on wliich public assemblies 
 must not sit, so holy day, holi- 
 
 neglegenter, adv. [neglegens, 
 heedless^ heedlessly, carelessly, 
 negligently, 71. 17. 
 
 neglego, 3, exi, ectus [nec, lego], 
 disregard, not heed, slight, pass 
 
 i>y> 9- 7 ; 47- 13; 55- 20. 
 
 nego, I, say no ; deny, say . . . 
 not, 5. 21 ; 43. I ; 64. 26 ; deny, 
 refuse, 8. 7 ; 48. 12 ; 61. 18. 
 
 negotlum, i, n. [nec, otium], ab- 
 sence from ease ; business, em- 
 
 ployment, task, 3. 16; 6. 24; 
 
 8. 8, etc. ; trouble, effort, 10. 
 
 14 ; w. dare, charge, commission, 
 
 etc., 3. II, 22; 74. 12. 
 nemo, — , dat. nemini [ne homo], 
 
 no man ; no one, nobody, 24. I ; 
 
 27. 14; 29. 4. 
 nemus, oris, n., feeding thing; 
 
 wood, forest, grove, 37. 5. 
 Neontichos, i, n., a fortress in 
 
 Thrace, 71. 27. 
 nepos, Otis, m., child's son; 
 
 grandson, 34. 4; 41. 7. 
 nequaquam, adv., in no wise, by 
 
 no means, 49. 11. 
 neque. See nec. 
 nervus, i, m., sinew, muscle, nerve, 
 
 strength, g. 1. 
 nescio, 4, ivi, — , not know, be 
 
 unaware, 9. 14; 10. 11; w. 
 
 quis as indef. pron., / know 
 
 not who, some, a certain, 2. 14 ; 
 
 3. 3; vir. quSmodo, 7^«oi(/ not 
 
 how, somehow, 75. 4. 
 nex, necis, f., death, execution, 
 
 58. 6. 
 Nicias, ae, M., an Athenian gen- 
 eral, 67. 6. 
 niger, gra, grum, adj., black, 64. 
 
 21. 
 nihil, indecl., n., not u- trifle; 
 
 nothing, 14. 5; 21. 16; 30. 
 
 15, etc. ; w. partit. gen., no, 16. 
 
 8 ; as adv., in no respect, not at 
 
 all, 7- 3 ; 9- 13 ; I3. 18, etc. 
 nihildum, indecl., n., nothing as 
 
 yet, 59. 25. 
 nihilum, 1, n., not a shred; 
 
 nothing, 47. 14. 
 nimis, adv., beyond measure, too 
 
 much; w. neg., not very, not 
 
 especially, 71. 9. 
 
166 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 nimius, a, um, adj., beyond meas- 
 ure ; too great, too much, 47. 
 3 ; 71- 20. 
 
 nisi, conj. [ne, si], if not ; un- 
 less, except, 30. 21 ; 41. 3; 43. 
 I, etc. 
 
 nitor, oris, M., brightness ; lustre, 
 sheen, 54. 8. 
 
 no, I, avi, — , swim, 65. 6. Cf. 
 nato, 55. 9. 
 
 nobilis, e, adj., to be known ; 
 well-born, noble, 43. 22 ; superl. 
 nobilissimus, 58. i ; well-known, 
 celebrated, renowned, 36. 16; 
 as noun, M., noble, man of rank, 
 68. 15. 
 
 noceo, 2, ul, iturus, do harm, in- 
 jure, 68. 5. 
 
 noctu, adv. [nox], by night, in 
 the night, 2. 8 ; 62. 6 ; 74. 13. 
 
 nocturnus, a, um, adj. [nox], of 
 night ; by night, nightly, 4. 2; 
 37. 24; 64. 2. 
 
 nolo, nolle, nolui, — [ne, volo], 
 wish . . . not ; not wish, be un- 
 willing, 3. l"8 ; 53. 8 ; 68. 12, 
 etc. 
 
 nomen, inis, n., means of know- 
 ing ; name, 3. 8 ; 4. 11, 19, 
 etc. 
 
 nomino, i \i\ovasxC\, call by name; 
 call by the name of, term, call, 
 36. 9- 
 
 non, adv. [for old noenura, ne 
 and oenum (unum)], not, 2. 4; 
 4. 24 ; 5. 3, etc. 
 
 ndndum, a.&v.,not yet, 9. 23; 22. 
 i6; 64. 7. 
 
 nonne, interrog. adv., in direct 
 questions expecting an affirma- 
 tive answer, not? 29. 15; 59. 
 24. 
 
 nonntillus, a, um, adj., not none ; 
 some, several, 18. 6, 19; ig. 5, 
 etc. 
 
 nonnumquam, adv., not never; 
 sometimes, at times, 65. 2. 
 
 nosco, 3, novT, nStus, get knowl- 
 edge of; come to know, learn, 
 52. 17. 
 
 noster, tra, trum, adj. [nos], our, 
 4.4- 
 
 noto, I [nota, mark'\, mark, 
 single out, censure, 50. lo. 
 
 notus, a, um, adj. [p. of n5sc5], 
 known ; well-known, familiar, 
 superl. nStissimus, 4. 11; 17. 
 
 3- 
 
 novacula, ae, f. [novo, make new], 
 sharp knife, razor, 43. 5. 
 
 novem, num. adj., nine, 26. 12 j 
 47. 1, 6, etc. 
 
 novitas, atis, f. [novus], new- 
 ness ; novelty, strangeness, 4, 
 8 ; 7. 6 ; 28. 11. 
 
 novus, a, um, adj., new, young, 
 16. 9; 34. 12, 16, etc.; re- 
 newed, new, fresh, 55. 10. 
 
 nox, noctis, F., night, 5. 2, 13; 8. 
 23, etc. 
 
 nubo, 3, psT, ptus, veil oneself; 
 marry, wed, 61. 11. 
 
 niidus, a, um, adj., ashamed; 
 
 , bare, naked, 3. 5 ; barren, 48. 
 17- 
 
 nuUus, a, um, adj. [uUus], not 
 any; none, no, 2. 19; 3. 4; 
 10. 14, etc. ; as abl. of nemo, 
 29. 7. 
 
 num, adv., interrog. partic, 
 whether (expecting negative 
 answer), 14. 19; 29. 17 ; 43. 
 5, etc. 
 
 Numa, ae, m., Numa Pompilius, 
 
VOCABULARY 
 
 167 
 
 the second king of Rome, 
 
 36. 23. 
 numero, i [numerus], count; 
 
 count out, pay over, pay, 59. 4. 
 numeius, 1, m., distributing thing; 
 
 number, 2. 24 ; 4. 9, 13, etc. 
 Numidia, ae, f., a country of 
 
 northern Africa (in modern 
 
 Algiers), 62. 25. 
 Numitor, oris, M., son of Procas 
 
 and grandfather of Romulus, 
 
 33- 1- 
 numquam, adv. [ne, umquam], 
 
 not ever ; at no time, never, ig. 
 
 II ; 23. 2; 28. 3, etc. 
 nunc, adv. [num], now, at the 
 
 present time, 14. 22; 18. 10; 
 
 35. 23, etc. 
 
 niintid, i [nuntius], announce, 
 
 declare, report, make known, 
 _37. 8. 
 nuntius, 1, m., bringer of news ; 
 
 messenger, herald, i.. 22 ; 3. 
 
 18 ; 4. 6, etc. ; news, tidings, 
 
 65. 4. 
 niiper, adv., newly ; recently, not 
 
 long before, just, 5. i ; 27. 13. 
 nurus, lis, F., daughter-in-law, 
 
 young matron, 46. 17. 
 nusquam, adv. [ne, usquam], not 
 
 anywhere ; nowhere, in no 
 
 place, 35. I ; 47. 16. 
 nuto, I, freq [nuo, nod^ nod ; 
 
 waver, falter, 9i. i. 
 nympha, ae, f., bride, nymph, 
 
 S- 19- 
 
 0, interj. of address, 01 Oh! 
 
 52. 12. 
 Ob, prep. w. ace, towards, on 
 
 account of, because of, for, 2.18; 
 
 S. 15; 8. 5, etc. 
 Obeo, Tre, IvI, (ir) itus, ^» to meet ; 
 
 w. diem supremum, die, perish, 
 
 74. 27 ; 42. 7. 
 Obiurgo, I, chide, blame, rebuke, 
 
 reprove, 27. 4. 
 Oblatus. See offero. 
 Oblino, 3, levi, litus, daub upon ; 
 
 smear aver, anoint, 9. 4. 
 obliquus, a, um, adj., sidelong, 
 
 slanting, sidewise, 49. 14. 
 Oblitus, a, um, adj. [p. of oblTvis- 
 
 cor], having forgotten; for- 
 getful, unmindful, regardless, 
 
 18. 26 ; 39. 22, 23. 
 obnoxius, a, um, adj., liable ; ex- 
 posed, subject, 64. 22. 
 
 Obruo, 3, ui, utus, rush against ; 
 overwhelm, cover over, crush, 
 hide, bury, 35. 19 ; 62. 12. 
 
 obscurus, a, um, adj., covered 
 over ; dark, black, 5. 3. 
 
 obsecro, i [sacro, consecrate'], be- 
 seech; implore, entreat, pray, 
 beg, 10. 25 ; 29. I ; 30. 16, etc. 
 Cf. obtestor, 31. 14. 
 
 obsequor, 3, cutus, follow, com- 
 ply fS^^^ifVi "^^yi w- <^^t'' 49- '6- 
 
 Obses, idis, m. and f., hostage, 
 pledge, 60. 27. 
 
 Obsideo, 2, sedT, sessus [sedeo], 
 sit before; besiege, beset, lay 
 siege to, 17. i ; 46. 12. 
 
 obsidio, onis, f., siege, blockade, 
 69. 3. 
 
 Obsisto, 3, stiti, stitus, stand in 
 the way; oppose, resist, with- 
 stand, 60. 10. 
 
168 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 Obstrepo, 3, ui, • — , make a noise 
 against; clamor at, shout 
 against, outbawl, 43. 16. 
 
 ObstlUO, 3, struxi, structus, build 
 against ; block up, bar, barri- 
 cade, 20. 21 ; 21. 19 ; 24. 7. 
 
 Obsum, esse, fui, — , be against ; 
 injure, harm, 67. 22. 
 
 Obtestor, i, call as a witness; 
 entreat, implore, beseech, ^i. 14. 
 Cf. obsecro, 10. 25. 
 
 obtineo, 2, uI, tentus [teneo], 
 hold against; hold, occupy, 
 maintain, obtain, 2. 3 ; 3. 9 ; 
 6. 4, etc. 
 
 obtrectator, 6«s, m. [obtrecto, 
 detract from~\ ; slanderer, dis- 
 parager, traducer, 64. 22. 
 
 obtuli. See ofiero. 
 
 Obviam, adv., in the way ; before, 
 in face of, 29. 1 2 ; w. fi5, fall 
 in with, meet, 18. 23; 49. 12; 
 w. e5, etc., go to meet, 28. I ; 
 70. 12. 
 
 obvius, a, um, adj. [via], in the 
 way, meeting, w. dat. ; w. esse, 
 meet, 39. i5. 
 
 Obvolvo, 3, VI, volutus, wrap 
 round, muffle, cover, 62. 7 ; 64. 
 
 17- 
 OCCasio, onis, f., opportunity, 
 
 chance, favorable moment, 8. 
 
 16; 16. 20; 21. 14, etc. 
 occasus, Ss, M., a falling ; going 
 
 down, setting, 4. 22; 12. 2; 
 
 38. 20. 
 occido, 3, cidi, cisus [caedo], cut 
 
 down ; put to death, kill, 5. 6, 
 
 8; 10. 13, etc. 
 OCCUlo, 3, ul, Itus, cover, hide, 
 
 conceal, 73. 8. 
 OCCUmbo, 3, cubuT, cubitus, fall 
 
 in death ; die, perish, 27. 13, 
 
 Cf. morior, 2. 10. 
 OCCupo, I, take into possession; 
 
 obtain possession, seize, acquire, 
 
 occupy,.!,. 16; 21. 10; 27. 24, 
 
 etc.; engage, busy, employ, 72. 7. 
 QCCUrro, 3, rl, rsus, run against; 
 
 meet, come upon, 12. 10; 49. 10. 
 
 Cf. obviam fieri, 49. 12. 
 OCuIus, 1, M., sharp thing ; eye, 20. 
 
 7, 10, 22, etc. 
 odium, 1, N., hatred, aversion, en- 
 mity, 31. 13. 
 ofEendo, 3, di, fensus, strike 
 
 against ; displease, vex, offend, 
 
 63. 26. 
 ofiero, ferre, obtulT, oblatus, 
 
 bring before; present, offer, 
 
 21. 25; 49. 2 ; 64. I. 
 offlcina, ae, f. [for opificlna, from 
 
 opifex, workmaii\, workshop, 
 
 laboratory, 20. 16. 
 officium,!, N. [for opificium, opus], 
 
 service, office ; courtesy, atten- 
 tion, honor, 64. 9. 
 olim, 2.d\. , at that time ; once upon 
 
 a time, once, formerly, 2. i ; 3. 
 
 u ; 6. 7, etc. 
 Olympia, ae, f., a town in Elis 
 
 where national games were 
 
 held, 70. 25. 
 omitto, 3, misi, missus, let go; 
 
 pass by, disregard, neglect, 10. 
 
 8 ; 15. 9; i5. 19, etc. 
 omnino, adv. [omnis], altogether, 
 
 wholly, entirely, 15. 12; 18. 25; 
 
 21. 6, etc. 
 omnis, e, adj., all, the whole, 2. 
 
 23; 3- 19; 4. 7, etc.; as noun, 
 
 M. pi., all, everybody, 4. 17 ; 9, 
 
 15, 25; N. pi., everything, 3. 
 
 20. 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 169 
 
 onus, eris, n., load, burden, 53. 2, 
 8, 20, etc. 
 
 onustus, a, um, adj. [onus], /«a(/i?(/, 
 laden, freighted, 53. i ; 70. 10. 
 
 opera, ae, f. [opus], aid, help, 
 assistance, 67. 17 ; 6g. 4; ^^^r- 
 Hon, effort, 70. 16 ; 71. 3 ; w. 
 dare and dat, give attention, 
 bestow care, busy or exert o«^- 
 j-^{^ (about), 41. 3; 58. 20. 
 
 opinio, onis, f. [opinor, suppose"], 
 supposition ; idea, belief, expec- 
 tation, 13. 12; reputation, re- 
 nown, name, 6. iS; 71. 20. 
 
 oportet, 2, uit, — , impers., it is nec- 
 essary, is proper, ought, 48. 1 5. 
 
 oppidum, T, \i.,town, 6. 2; 36. 24; 
 41. 24, etc. 
 
 oppositus, a, um, adj. [p. of op- 
 pono], placed against ; opposed, 
 opposing, stationed against, 62. 2. 
 
 oppressus. See opprimo. 
 
 opprimo, 3, pressi, pressus, press 
 against; weigh down, over- 
 come, overpower, 11. 20; 23. 
 10; 26. 17, etc. ; crush to death, 
 16. 26 ; ruin, destroy, 67. 14 ; 
 72. 27. 
 
 (ops), opis, F., no nom. or dat. 
 sing., aid, help, assistance, 39. 
 6 ; S5- 'Si power, might, influ- 
 ence, wealth, 6i. 13 ; 69. 18 ; 
 71. 22, etc. 
 
 optimas, atis, adj. toptimus], of 
 the best ; as noun, M., adherent 
 of the nobility, aristocrat, pa- 
 trician, 58. 15; 69. 22. 
 
 optimus, a, um, adj., superl. of 
 bonus; best, excellent, 63. 12. 
 
 optio, onis, F. [opto, choose], 
 choosing; choice, liberty to choose 
 (w. gen.), 35. 15. 
 
 opus, eris, N., work, labor, task, 
 4. I ; 9. 17, 23, etc.; work, 
 book, 17. 3 ; want, need, 60. 3; 
 magno opere (magnopere), 
 greatly, exceedingly, heartily, 
 6. 17; 9- 13; 12. 7. 
 
 ora, ae, F., extremity ; shore, 
 coast, 70. 7. 
 
 oraculum, 1, n. [or5], divine an- 
 nouncement; response, oracle, 
 2- 17. "9 ; 3- 7. etc. 
 
 oratio, onis, f. [5r5], speaking ; 
 speech, words, appeal, 14. fi ; 
 style, speech, 66. 9. 
 
 orbis, is, m., ring; terrarum, 
 earth, world, universe, 59. 26. 
 
 orbus, a, um, adj., deprived, be- 
 reft, robbed, 40. 3. 
 
 ordiho, l \pxAo\, order ; arrange, 
 adjust, regulate, 36. 1 1 ; 63. i ; 
 ordain, first make, ^^. 17. 
 
 ordior, 4, orsus, begin a' web ; 
 hence, begin, commence, 43. 17. 
 
 ordo, inis, m., ro^; rank, 63. 7 ; 
 ex ordlne, in succession, one 
 after another, ^4. 20. 
 
 orior, 4, ortu$, sHr oneself; 
 rise, arise, begin, 34. 11 ; 36. 
 16; 50. 3; spring forth, rise, 
 10. 7, 12 ; sole orto, orta luce, 
 at sunrise, 9. 9 ; n. 5 ; 22. 5> etc. 
 
 ornamentum, I, n. [orn5], equip- 
 ment; decoration, adornment, 
 ornament. 
 
 ornatissimus, a, um, adj., superl. 
 of ornatus, fitted out ; distin- 
 guished, excellent, eminent, 58. 
 
 Orni, orum, m., a fortress in 
 
 Thrace, 71. 26. 
 orno, I, fit out ; adorn, decorate, 
 
 beautify, 59. 28 ; 63. 9. 
 
170 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 oro, I [6s], use the mouth, speak ; 
 
 beg, implore, entreat, plead, i6. 
 
 i6 ; 21. 2 ; 31. 14, etc. Cf. 
 
 obtestor, 31. 14. 
 Orpheus, T, m., son of Onagrus 
 
 and Calliope, 4. 10. 
 OS, oris, N., mouth, lips, 8. 13; 
 
 33. II ; sg. 17; of a river, 42. 
 
 5 ; face, countenance, features, 
 
 34- S ; 47- " ; 64. 20 ; lips, 
 
 hence speech, elocution, 66. 9. 
 OS, ossis, N., bone, 51. 18. 
 Ostendd, 3, di, tus, stretch before ; 
 
 show, indicate, make known, 
 
 tell, 8. 12 ; 14. 5 ; 22. 20, etc. 
 ostento, 1, freq. [ostendd], pre- 
 
 sent to view ; point to, hold up, 
 _ 40. .. 
 Ostia, ae, f., a city founded by 
 
 Ancus Marcius at the mouth 
 
 of the Tiber, 42. 5. 
 5stiuin, i, N. [6s], door, entrance, 
 
 28. s, igj 30. 2. 
 otium, 1, N., leisure, vacant time, 
 
 freedom from care ; vi. per, at 
 
 one's ease, 58. 18. 
 ovans, antis, adj. [p. of ovo, re- 
 joice], rejoicing, exulting, tri- 
 umphant, 39. 14. 
 Ovis, is, F., sheep, 22. 12 ; 24. g, 
 
 10, etc. 
 ovum, 1, TH.,egg,^o. 13. 
 
 pabulum, I, 's^., food ; fodder, pas- 
 turage, 49. I, 4. 
 paco, I [pax], make peaceful ; 
 
 subdue, bring to peace, 37. 20. 
 Pactye, es, f, a fortress in 
 
 Thrace, on the Propontis, 71. 
 
 26. 
 paene, adv., nearly, almost, g. 4; 
 
 13. 4; 18. 25, etc. 
 paenitentia, ae, f. [paeniteo], 
 
 repentance, 56. II. 
 paeniteo, 2, ui, — ,make sorry; 
 
 impers., it repents, grieves, 54. 
 
 2 ; 55- 13- 
 palea, ae, r., chaff, 52. 8. 
 paludamentum, 1, n., (military) 
 
 cloak, mantle, 39. 17. 
 palus, 1, M., stake, bar, post, 22. 
 
 18; 23. 13. 
 paliis, udis, f., swamp, marsh, 
 
 63. 1 5 ; Caprae, Goat's-marsk, 
 
 36. 13. 
 pando, 3, di, passus, spread out ; 
 
 passus as adj ., outspread ; fly- 
 ing, streaming, dishevelled, 36. 
 
 2. 
 papaver, eris, u., poppy ; capita, 
 
 poppy-heads, 46. 7. 
 par, paris, adj., equal, matched, 
 
 39.9; 61.14; 67. 20, etc.; like, 
 
 similar, 45. 5. 
 paratus, a, um, adj. [p. of paro], 
 
 prepared ; ready, fitted, 8. 11; 
 
 superl., 4. 13. 
 parcissimus, a, um, adj., superl. 
 
 of fixz\i&, frugal, sparing, mod- 
 erate, 64. 26. 
 pareo, 2, ul, — , appear ; yield to, 
 
 68. 27 ; carry out orders, obey, 
 
 68. 12. 
 pario, 3, peperi, partus, bring 
 
 forth; produce, (ovum) lay, 50. 
 
 13; gain, obtain, acquire, 72. 3. 
 
 Cf. consequor, 42. 19. 
 pariter, adv. [par], equally, 58. 
 
 22 ; in like manner, just, 55. 19. 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 171 
 
 paro, 1, make or get ready, pre- 
 pare, lo. 21; 12. 6; i8. 3, etc.; 
 make, i6. 4 ; 8. 25 ; contrive, 
 arrange, provide, 35- 5 ; 43. 11. 
 
 pars, partis, Y.,that which is cut ; 
 part, portion, share, 10. 5 ; 20. 
 18, 23, etc. ; part, direction, 2. 
 23; 3- 19; 5- ii etc.; plur., 
 party, 58. 16; 62. 25. 
 
 parsimonia, ae, f. [parco], fru- 
 gality, thrift, 75. 14. 
 
 Parthi, orura, m., a people of 
 Scythia, 61. 10. 
 
 parum, adv., too little; little 
 enough, little, 48. 13. 
 
 parvulus, a, um, adj., dim. [par- 
 vus], very small ; as noun, M., 
 little one, babe, 33. 6, 12 ; 53. 8, 
 etc. 
 
 parvus, a, um, adj., small, little, 
 slight, 7. 12 ; 51. 22. 
 
 pasco, 3, pavi, pastus, cause to 
 eat ; feed, drive to pasture, at- 
 tend, 55. 14; ^zs,^., feed, graze, 
 50. i; 52.8; 56. 13. 
 
 passus, a, um, adj., see pando. 
 
 passes, lis, M., step, pace ; miUe 
 passuum, mile, 4. 23; 5. 12; 
 II. II, etc. 
 
 pastor, oris, m., one that feeds ; 
 herdsman, shepherd, ^o. 13; 33. 
 13, 15, etc. 
 
 patefacio, 3, feci, factus [pateo, 
 facio], make stand open ; throw 
 or lay open, open, 30. 2. 
 
 pater, tris, m., he who feeds ; 
 father, sire, 8. 20, 23 ; 10. 22, 
 etc. ; Tp\., fathers, patricians, 36. 
 16; 39. 25. 
 
 patetnus, a, um, adj. [pater], of 
 a father; father's, ancestral, 
 hereditary, 43. 10 ; 4^. 10. 
 
 patiens, ends, adj. [p. of patior], 
 bearing ; enduring, patient, tol- 
 erant, 6s. i; 66. 10. 
 
 patientia, ae, f. [patiens], yz/a/n'ifj' 
 of enduring ; patience, endur- 
 ance, 75. 13. 
 
 patior, 3, passus, bear ; suffer, 
 endure, allow, permit, 24. 19 ; 
 49. 6; 62. II, etc. 
 
 patria, ae, F. [patrius, father's, 
 sc. terra], fatherland ; native 
 land, country, ^i. 12, 26; 25. 
 19, etc. 
 
 patrimonium, 1, n. [pater], in- 
 heritance from a father ; estate, 
 inheritance, 60. 2. 
 
 patro, i, bring to pass ; carry out, 
 execute, perform, 43. 12. Cf. 
 perficio, 8. 10. 
 
 paucus, a, um, &^].,few, 2. 3, 21; 
 4. 14, etc. ; as noun, M. pi., 
 few, afew, ■i'S.,<); 40. ii. 
 
 paulatim, adv. [paulum],>i/ little 
 and little ; by degrees, gradu- 
 ally, 46. I. 
 
 paulo, adv. [abl. n. of paulus], 
 by a little; a little, shortly, 
 4. 3; i8. 8; 40. 2, etc. 
 
 paululum, adv. [paululus, very 
 little'], a little, a very little, 54. 3. 
 
 paulum, adv. [paulus, little'], a 
 little, somewhat, 5. 19; 16. 12; 
 19. 23, etc. 
 
 pauper, eris, adj., not wealthy; 
 poor, small, 59. 13. 
 
 pavo, onis, M., peacock, 48. 5, 
 II. 
 
 pax, pacis, F., binding thing; 
 peace, reconciliation, harmony, 
 36. 4.; 37. 19; 38. 3, etc. 
 
 pecco, I, miss, mistake, trans- 
 gress, offend, sin. 
 
172 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 pectus, oris, N., fastened thiiig ; 
 
 breast, bosom, 21. 15 ; 57. 3- 
 pecunia, ae, f. [pecus], property ; 
 
 money, wealth, ^\. funds, 27. 5i 
 
 42. 17; 58. 10, etc. 
 pecus, oris, N., thing fastened up ; 
 
 flock, cattle, 20. 20 ; 22. 8 ; 24. 
 
 8, etc. 
 pedester, tris, tre, adj. [pes], on 
 
 foot ; w. copiae, infantry, land 
 
 forces, 72.. 14. 
 peior, ius, adj., ,comp. of malus, 
 
 worse. 
 Pelias, ae, m., a mytliical king of 
 
 Thessaly, 2. 2. 
 pellis, is, F., skin, hide, 50. 6; 
 
 53- 6, 9. 
 pello, 3, pepuli, pulsus, drive ; 
 
 drive out, banish, 33. 3; 71. 
 
 3- 
 
 Peloponnesius, a, ura, adj., of 
 the Peloponnesus, Peloponne- 
 sian, 67. 3. 
 
 Penelope, es, f., wife of Ulysses, 
 18. 10. 
 
 penitus, a.A\.,from within ; with- 
 in, completely, far within, 73. 
 6; pervenio, penetrate, 43. 14. 
 
 penna, ae, F., feather, plume, 48. 
 5 ; 54- 8. 
 
 per, prep. w. ace, through, 
 throughout, 11. 11; 15. 2; 16. 
 II, etc.; across, over, down 
 over, 7. 19; 16. 21 ; 45. 11 ; 
 by, at, 39. 2 ; 58. 18 ; by means 
 of, ^. 6 ; 10. 18; II. I, etc. 
 
 pera, ae, f., bag, wallet, 57. i. 
 
 perago, 3, egi, actus, drive 
 through ; go through with, 
 carry out, perform, 40. 6 ; go 
 over, set forth, relate, 41. 16. 
 Cf. perficio, 8. 10. 
 
 peragro, i [ager], wander 
 through the fields; wander 
 through, travel, pass through, 
 
 33- '6. 
 percipio, 3, cepi, ceptus [capio], 
 take wholly ; assume, feel, 2. 
 
 11; 5-9; 23- 3- 
 
 percontor, i [contus, polel, 
 search with a pole; question, 
 inquire, ask, 47. 3 ; 54. 2. Cf. 
 interrogo. 
 
 percutio, 3, cussi, cussus [qua- 
 tio], strike through ; strike, 62. 
 21 ; slay, kill, 43. 7. Cf. oc- 
 cldo, 5. 6. 
 
 perdo, 3, didi, ditus, make away 
 with ; lose, throw away, 50. 16. 
 
 perduco, 3, xl, ductus, bring or 
 lead through, 7. 24 ; lead, bring, 
 conduct, guide, 33. 23; 35. i6, 
 18, etc. 
 
 peregrinus, a, um, adj. [peregre 
 (per, ago), abroad\, from 
 foreign farts, foreign, 63. 7. 
 
 perennis, e, adj. [annus], through 
 the year ; never failing, un- 
 ceasing, ever flowing, 37. 26. 
 
 pereo, ire, il, itiirus, go through ; 
 disappear, perish, die, 3. 13; 
 15- '7 i 45- 8, etc. Cf. morior, 
 2. 10. 
 
 perfero, ferre, tuli, latus, bear 
 through ; bear, withstand, en- 
 dure, 4. 5; 14. 17 ; 66. 14. 
 
 perficio, 3, feci, fectus [facio], 
 do thoroughly ; perform, exe- 
 cute, do successfully, 8. 10. 
 
 perfidia, ae, f. [perfidus], faith- 
 lessness, treachery, 40. 20. 
 
 perfldus, a, um, adj., promise- 
 breaking; faithless, dishonest, 
 treacherous, 35. 27. 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 173 
 
 perflo, I, — , — , blow through or 
 over, 26. 22. 
 
 perfringo, 3, fregl, fractus 
 [frango], break through; break 
 in pieces, shatter, completely 
 wreck, 21. 6. 
 
 pergo, 3, rexi, rectus [reg5], 
 make quite straight, go, go on, 
 proceed, hasten, 43. 15 ; 46. 18 ; 
 49. 15. 
 
 Pericles, is, m., a celebrated 
 Athenian statesman and gen- 
 eral, 66. 18. 
 
 periculum (periclum), i, n., 
 means of trying ; risk, peril, 
 danger, 2. 7, 20 ; 3. 13, etc. 
 
 peritus, a, um, adj., experienced, 
 skilled, expert, ^%. 14; superl., 
 65. I. 
 
 perliistro, i, go over ; wander all 
 through, view all over, examine 
 carefully, 20. 22 ; 29. 9. 
 
 permaneo, -z, mansi, mansurus, 
 remain through ; continue, re- 
 main, persist, 14. 6. 
 
 perpetuo, adv. [perpetuus], con- 
 stantly, without ceasing, forever, 
 37. I ; 64. 25. 
 
 perpetuus, a., um, adj., continu- 
 ous ; permanent, 6g. 3 ; in per- 
 petuum, for all time, for life, 
 63. 20. 
 
 persaepe, adv., very often, 65. 4. 
 
 perscribo, 3, psl, ptus, write in 
 full ; write at length, describe 
 fully, 32. 5. 
 
 persequor, 3, cutus, follow per- 
 severingly, chase, follow tip, 
 62. 14 ; 74. 4. 
 
 Perses, ae, m,, Persian, 75. 15; 
 w. rex, for rex Persarum, 69. i. 
 
 perspicio, 3, spexi, spectus, look 
 through; examine, inspect. 
 
 perstringo, 3, inxi, ictus, bind 
 through; seize, affect deeply, 
 move, 38. 19. 
 
 persuadeo, 2, suasT, suasus, 
 thoroughly convince ; induce, 
 prevail upon, 5. 20; ig. 9; 23. 
 23, etc. 
 
 perterreo, 2, — , itus, frighten 
 thoroughly ; frighten, terrify, 
 7. 6 ; 30. 18 ; 49. lo, etc. 
 
 pertimesco, 3, tiraul, — , inch., be 
 frightened, be alarmed, fear 
 greatly, 69. 10. 
 
 pertinaciter, adv. [pertinax, per- 
 severing'], obstinately, persist- 
 ently, 58. 13. 
 
 pertineo, 2, ui, — [teneo], stretch 
 out; belong, relate, concern, 
 
 67. 12, 25. 
 
 perturbo, i, confuse thoroughly ; 
 
 disturb, discompose, 28. 22. 
 perveho, 3, vexl, vectus, bear 
 
 through; pass., reach, arrive, 
 
 68. 14. 
 
 pervenio, 4, veni, ventus, come 
 
 through ; reach, come, 3. 5; 7. 
 
 12; 13. 18, etc.; w. penitus, 
 
 penetrate, 43. 14. 
 pes, pedis, M., going thing ; foot, 
 
 3. 5 ; 10. 24; 30. 23, etc. ; re- 
 
 fero, retreat, 11. 22. 
 pestilentia, ae, f. [pestilens, un- 
 
 healthy], plague, pestilence, 40. 
 
 26. 
 peto, 3, ivi (ii), itus, fall upon ; 
 
 seek, make for, attack, 7. 2 ; 50. 
 
 3; 64. 16; try to gain, strive 
 
 for, solicit, 23. 11 ; 35. i ; 61. 
 
 17, etc. ; get, obtain, seek, 10. 
 
 21; 35- 13; "-^^^1 i^gt request, 
 
 12. 44; 55. 6 ; 70. 2; ask, claim 
 
 as reward, ^^. 16; 47. 14. 
 petulantia, ae, f. [petulans, for- 
 
m 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 ivard'\,freakishness, impudence, 
 
 50. 9. 
 Pharnabazus, I, m., governor of 
 
 northwestern Asia Minor, 73. 
 
 12. 
 Pharnaces, is, m., king of Pon- 
 
 tus, a province south of the 
 
 Black Sea, 62. 17. 
 Pharsalicus, a, um, adj., of or at 
 
 Pharsalus, a. town in Thessaly, 
 
 where, in B.C. 48, Julius Caesar 
 
 defeated Pompeius, 62. 13. 
 Phasis, idis, M., a river flowing 
 
 into the Black Sea, 8. i. 
 Philocles, 1, M., an Athenian gen- 
 eral, 72. 5. 
 Phineus, ei, m., a blind king of 
 
 Thrace, 6. 5. 
 Phrixus, 1, M., son of Athamas, 
 
 3. 10. 
 Phrygia, ae, f., a country of Asia 
 
 Minor, 73. 15. 
 pietas, atis, F. [pius, dutiful], 
 
 dutiful conduct ; religiousness, 
 
 devotion, piety, 37. 28 ; justice, 
 
 right, 5g. 20. 
 pignus, oris and eris, N., pledge, 
 
 token, assurance, 37. 7, 15. 
 pila, ae, F., pillar, column, 68. 
 
 22; 71. 7. 
 pilleus, i, M. (pilleum, T, n.), 
 
 skull-cap, cap, 42. 11. 
 pinguissimus, a, um, adj., superl. 
 
 of pinguis, e^,fat, heavy, 24. 13. 
 Piraeus, T, m., the port of Athens, 
 
 70. 12. 
 pirata, ae, m., sea-robber, pirate, 
 
 58. 22; 59. 3,8. 
 Pisander, dri, m., an Athenian 
 
 general, 69. 19. 
 pistrinum, T, n. [pislor, miller], 
 
 corn-mill, mill, 50. 8. 
 
 placeo, 2, uT or itus sum, itus, 
 please, be pleasing, suit, w. dat., 
 impers., (they) decide, determine, 
 agree, 38; 9; 46. 16; 51. n. 
 
 placide, adv. [placidus, calm], 
 gently, calmly, quietly, 47. 10. 
 
 plaga, ae, f., blow, thrust, wound, 
 64. 17- 
 
 plausus, lis, M. [plaudo, clap the 
 hands], clapping, applause, 
 cheering, 4. 17. 
 
 plebs, bis, f., common people, 
 plebeians, people, 36. 17 ; 39. 25 ; 
 60. 8. ■ 
 
 (plecto), 3, — , — . only pass., 
 be punished, suffer, 56. 1 5. 
 
 plenus, a, um, adj., full, filled, 
 60. 12 ; 64. 20 ;_66. 7. 
 
 plenisque, raque, rumque, adj., 
 the greater part; pi., about all, 
 the greater part, 75. i. 
 
 pliirimum, adv. [plurimus], very 
 much, 67. 22 ; 68. 26; w. pos- 
 sum, have great power or in- 
 fluence, be of chief importance, 
 46. 3. 
 
 pliirimus, a, um, adj., superl. of 
 multus ; most, very many, 
 numerous, 10. 13; 36. 26; 37. 
 22, etc. 
 
 pliis, ris, adj., comp. of multus ; 
 fuller ; more, many, 42. 6 ; 
 63. 10; 66. 21, etc.; as adv., 
 68. 27; 72. 14. 
 
 poculum,!, N., vessel ; cup, vessel, 
 30- 6, 7. 
 
 poena, ae, f., compensation; 
 penalty, punishment, 25. 10; 
 30. 22 ; 35. 20, etc. 
 
 poeta, ae, m., poet, 17. 3 ; 59. 17. 
 
 pol, interj. [Pollux], by Pollux! 
 truly! indeed! 54. 8. 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 17S 
 
 poUiceor, 2, itus [pro-liceor], hold 
 forth ; promise, bargain, engage, 
 14. 3. Cf. promitto, 6. 22. 
 
 Polyphemus, I, m., a Cyclops, 5. 
 25. 
 
 Fompeianus, a, um, adj., of Pom- 
 pey, Potnpey's, 61. 14. 
 
 Pompeius, i, m., Gnaeus Pompey, 
 a Roman general, Caesar's 
 friend and ally, afterwards his 
 rival, 60. 6. 
 
 Pompilius, i, m. See Numa, 36. 
 
 23- 
 Pomptlnus, a, um, adj. [Pontius, 
 
 u Roman namel, Pomptine or 
 
 Pontine; palus, the large 
 
 marshy region in Italy, exposed 
 
 to the inundation of the Amase- 
 
 nus and Ufens, 63. 14. 
 pono, 3, posul, ^osAxxs,, put down ; 
 
 set in position, set up, place, fix, 
 
 7. II ; 14. 25; 20. II, etc.; 
 
 regard, consider, 67. 20 ; 75. 
 
 '3' 19 ; pass., lie, rest, depend 
 
 or consist in, 7. 23 ; 24. 1 3. 
 pons, pontis, M., bridge, 42. 4 ; 
 
 60. 25. 
 ponticulum, i, n., dim. [pons], 
 
 little bridge, 61. 24. 
 Ponticlis, a, um, adj., relating to 
 
 the Pontus, 62. 23. 
 PontuS, I, M., the region about 
 
 the Black Sea (Pontus), 62. 17. 
 
 popultis, I, M., the many ; nation, 
 
 people, citizens, 34. 24 ; 35. i ; 
 
 36. 10, etc. 
 
 porous, 1, M., tame swine ; hog, 
 
 pig, 28. 18; 29. 16; 30. 21, etc. 
 
 porta, ae, F., thing passed through ; 
 
 passage, exit, 26. 22 ;gate, door, 
 
 o. II ; 20. 7, 21, etc. 
 portends, 3, di, tus, stretch forth j 
 
 foretell, predict, destine, 42. 14; 
 44. 1. 
 
 porticus, iis, F. [porta], covered 
 walk between columns ; colon- 
 nade, gallery, 59. 28. 
 
 porto, I, freq., bear, carry, take, 
 42. 16; 53. 5. 
 
 portorium, i, n., tax, duty, tariff, 
 63.7. 
 
 poitus, us, M., harbor, port, 19. 
 17; 26. 10. 
 
 posco, 3, poposci, — , ask ur- 
 gently; beg, request, demand, 
 require, 47. 4 ; 66. 10. 
 
 possum, posse, potul, — [potis, 
 able'l, be able, have power, can, 
 3. S; 4. 24; 7. 10, etc.; pluri- 
 mum, have great influence, be of 
 chief importance, 46. 3. 
 
 post, adv., behind; afterwards, 
 after, later, ^. 18; 16. 12; 36. 
 7, etc.; prep. w. ace, after, fol- 
 lowing, 2. 3, 15, 21, etc.; be- 
 hind, 19. 16; 27. 3. 
 
 postea, adv., after these; after- 
 wards, then, 7. 6 ; 34. 14 ; 46. 
 12, etc. 
 
 (posterus), adj. [post], coming 
 after ; following, next, z. 9; 40. 
 18; 46. 22; pi., M.., descendants, 
 41. 12. 
 
 posthac, adv., after this ; here- 
 after, henceforth, in future, 
 
 41. 3- 
 postquam, conj., after that ; after 
 
 (w. indie), 3. 20; 4. 22 ; 5. 23, 
 
 etc. 
 postremo, adv. [postremus], at 
 
 last, finally, 58. 10; 61. 25. 
 postremus, a, um, adj., superl. 
 
 of posterus ; last ; w. ad, sc. 
 
 tempus, at last, finally, 46. 3. 
 
176 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 postridie, adv. [for postero die], 
 on the day after, next day, 5. 
 10; II. 5; 19. 19, etc. 
 
 postulatum, i, n. [postulo], de- 
 mand, claim, request, 41. 17 ; 
 72. 19. 
 
 pogtulo, 1, ask, demand, request, 
 desire, 8. 4 ; 9. 18; 14. 2, etc. 
 
 potentatus, us, m. [potens, able'], 
 ability ; power, rule, dominion, 
 
 36. 7- 
 potentia, ae, f. [potens, able'], 
 might ; political power, influ- 
 ence, authority, sovereignty, 69. 
 22; 73. 12. Cf. imperium, 34. 
 
 13- 
 potentior, ius, adj., comp. of 
 
 potens [p. of possum], able; 
 
 mighty, strong, 67. 16. 
 potestas, atis, f. [potis, abW], 
 
 ability; power, control, rule, 
 
 45- 22; 59. 8; 70. SJ chance, 
 
 opportunity, 73. 22. 
 potior, 4, become master of ; get 
 
 possession of, obtain, acquire, 
 
 w. abl., 3. 12; 34. 20. 
 potius, adv., comp. [potis, able], 
 
 rather, more, 68. 2. 
 prae, prep. w. abl., before, in front 
 
 of, 39. 16. 
 praeacutus, a, um, aAy, sharp in 
 
 front ; sharpened at the end, 
 
 pointed, 22. 19. 
 praebeo, 2, ul, itus [habeo], hold 
 
 before; offer, furnish, give, 
 
 show, 2. 12 ; 4. I ; 6. 7, etc. 
 praecaveo, z, cavl, cautus, take 
 
 care or heed, be on one's guard, 
 
 beware, 21. 5. 
 praeceptum, I, n. [p. of prae- 
 
 cipi5], rule, precept, direction, 
 
 order, 49. 16. 
 
 praecipi5, 3, cepi, ceptus [capio], 
 take beforehand; advise, ad- 
 monish, instruct, charge, bid, 
 order, 9. 2 ; 10. g; 36. 19. 
 
 praecipito, i [praeceps, head- 
 long'], throw headlong, hurl 
 down, cast, 71. 8. 
 
 praecipue, adv.[praecipuus, taken 
 before others'], chiefly, princi- 
 pally, more than anything else, 
 20. 14; 63. 8. 
 
 praeclarissimus, a, um, adj., su- 
 perl.of praeclarus; very famous, 
 distinguished, noted, 4. 10. 
 
 praeda, ae, y., property taken in 
 war; booty, prey, victim, 54. 
 IS; 56. 14; 70. 10, etc. 
 
 praedicatio, onis, f. [praedico], 
 public proclamation ; vaunting, 
 boast, 62. 22. 
 
 praedico, i, make known by proc- 
 lamation ; declare, pronounce, 
 assert, 52. 7 ; 68. 23 ; 75. 6. 
 
 praedico, 3, x!, dictus, say before ; 
 predict, tell beforehand, foretell, 
 10. 4; 64- 4- 
 
 praedo, onis, m. [praeda], one 
 who makes booty; robber, pirate, 
 58. 20 ; 59. 7. 
 
 praedor, i [praeda], make booty; 
 rob, plunder, 20. 26; 73. 2. 
 
 praefectus, 1, m. [p. of praeficis], 
 commander, governor, satrap, 
 69. 15. 
 
 praef ero, ferre, tuli, latus, bear in 
 front; carry in procession, dis- 
 play, 62. 24. 
 
 praeferox, ocis, adj., very vio- 
 lent; haughty, insolent, 62. 18. 
 
 praelicio, 3, feci, fectus, place in 
 front ; place in command, put 
 at the head, 6g, 26. 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 ni 
 
 praefinio, 4, determine before- 
 hand ; ordain, prescribe, 56. 17. 
 
 praematurus, a, um, adj., too 
 early, untimely, premature. 
 
 praemium, 1, n. taking before; 
 favor, reward, recompense, 6. 
 22. 
 
 praepono, 3, posui, positus,//a« 
 in front ; put before, prefer to, 
 w. ace. and dat., 49. 3. 
 
 praeripio, 3, ul, reptus [rapio], 
 snatch before; seize, carry off, 
 snatch away, 42. 7. 
 
 praesaepe, is, n. [saepes, fenced 
 enclosure ; stall, crib, manger, 
 49. 4. 
 
 praesens, entis, adj. [p. of prae- 
 sum], at hand ; present, 52. 13; 
 68. 2 ; 70, 16, etc. ; instant, 
 immediate, 21. 11; in prae- 
 sentI,yo?' the present, 68. 4. 
 
 praesentia, ae, f. [praesens], 
 presence ; w. in, at or for the 
 time, at present, 2. 19 ; 74. 20. 
 
 praesertim, adv., especially, par- 
 ticularly, 69. 14. 
 
 praeses, idis, m. and f., protector, 
 guardian, 20. 15. 
 
 praesidium, I, n. [praeses], pro- 
 tection ; guard, match, 11. 9 ; 
 25. I ; garrison, 69. 3. 
 
 praestans, antis, adj. [p. of prae- 
 sto], standing before (all oth- 
 ers) ; distinguished, remarkable, 
 ■wonderful, very great, 69. 9J 
 superl., 5. 18. 
 
 praestantia, ae, f. [praestans], 
 preeminence, superiority, ex- 
 cellence, 54. 17. 
 
 praesto, i, iti, itus, stand before ; 
 be superior, excel, surpass, w. 
 dat., 46. 20. 
 
 praesum, esse, f uI, be before ; be 
 at the head of, command, have 
 charge of, w. dat. 4. i ; 27. 18; 
 35. 14, etc. 
 
 praeter, prep. w. ace, besides, ex- 
 cept, 26. 5; 50. 18; 59. 27, 
 etc. 
 
 praeterea, adv., besides these ; in 
 addition, beyond this, moreover, 
 
 yi- 7 ; 67- s ; 7°- 6. 
 
 praetereo, ire, ii, itus, go beyond, 
 
 56. 18; go by, pass by, 24. 18; 
 
 48. I ; 64. 8. 
 praetermitto, 3, misi, missus, let 
 
 go by ; let go, pass by, neglect, 
 
 disregard, 26. 6. 
 praetexta, ae, f. [praetextus, bor- 
 dered], bordered toga; toga with 
 
 a purple border (sign of power), 
 
 43.8. 
 praetor, oris, m., leader ; general, 
 
 69. 19, 24; 72. 5, etc. 
 praevenio, 4, veni, ventus, come 
 
 before; arrive before, precede, 
 
 anticipate, 63. 19; 65. 5. 
 pratum, 1, n., meadow, pasture, 
 
 50. I. 
 prehendo, 3, dl, ensus, lay hold 
 
 of; grasp, seize, snatcht 
 premo, 3, essi, essus,/>-«l; check, 
 
 curb, restrain, 25. 22. 
 pretium, i, 'S.,price, value, money, 
 
 47- 3.7, ". etc. 
 (prex, precis), F., a praying; 
 
 prayer, entreaty, 16. 18 ; 29. 
 
 19; 31. 13, etc. 
 pridem, adv., long ago, long since, 
 
 61. 13. 
 primo, adv. [primus], in the first ; 
 
 at first, first, at the beginning, 
 
 33- 15; 43- IS- 
 (primoris, e), adj. [primus] ,/rj^; 
 
178 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 as noun, M. pi., chiefs, leading 
 
 men, nobles, 46. 10. 
 primum, adv. [primus],y?rj/; in 
 
 the first place, at first, 2. 2; 7. 
 
 2; 8. 12, etc.; cum (ubi) pri- 
 mum, as soon as, 13. 14; 53. 
 
 12; 54. 7 ; quam primum, as 
 
 soon as possible, 1 1 . 4. 
 primus, a, urn, adj., superl., the 
 
 first, first, 12. 15; 35. 24; 38. 
 
 18, etc.; earliest, 59. l6; ^.4/^, 
 
 foremost, 18. 4; 59. 15; 66. 8; 
 
 first part of, 53. 16. 
 princeps, cipis [primus, capi5], 
 
 taking first place ; first in the 
 
 procession, at the head, foremost, 
 
 chief 39. IS; 75. 19. 
 prior, ius, adj., comp., former ; 
 
 first, 34. 14 ; 53. 7. 
 Priscus, 1, M. See Xarquinius, 
 
 42. 21. 
 pristinus, a, um, adj. [for prius- 
 
 Wnxxs], former, early, previous, 
 
 70. 28, 
 prius, adv., comp. [prior], before; 
 first, 8. 10; 45. i; 49. 17; 
 formerly, before, 53. 15. 
 priusquam or prius quam, adv., 
 
 sooner than, before, 7. 19 ; 13. 
 
 17 ; 39- 7. etc- 
 
 privatus, a, um, adj. [p. of privo], 
 apart from the state ; as private 
 citizen, b"}. i5 ; w. res, per- 
 sonal property, private life, 
 67. 12. 
 
 privignus, i, m., stepson, 66. 18. 
 
 privo, I, rob, deprive, bereave, w. 
 abl., 33. 3. 
 
 pro, prep. w. abl., before, in front 
 of, 63. 25 ; instead of, 60. 20 ; 
 in behalf of, for, 38. 1 1 ; for, 
 the same as, as, 36. 22 ; pro 
 
 certo, beyond a doubt, 13. 10 ; 
 in return for, 7. 8; 23. 7; 
 26. 8, etc. 
 Froca, ae, m., a king of Alba, 
 
 33- "• 
 proced5, 3, cessi, . — , go before ; 
 
 advance, move forward, go 
 
 forth, 35. 22; 36. 17; 38. 15, 
 
 etc. 
 proclamo, i , call out ; cry loudly, 
 
 shout, proclaim, 39. 29. 
 procul, adv., driven forward; 
 
 far, far off, at a distance, a 
 
 great way, 29. 26 ; 34. 4 ; 
 
 39. 4; procul dubio, without 
 
 doubt, 47. 8. 
 Proculus, i, M., a Roman knight, 
 
 36. 16. 
 procure, l, take care of ; avert, 
 
 ward off , 37. 6. 
 prodeo, ire, ii, itus, go forth ; go 
 
 out, appear, 67. 19. 
 prodigium, I, n , prophetic sign ; 
 
 omen, sign, portent, 42. 14; 
 
 43- 23- 
 
 proditio, onis, f., « betraying; 
 treachery, treason, 35. 20. 
 
 prodo, 3, didi, ditus, put forth ; 
 hand down, w. memoriae, re- 
 port, record, 46. 27 ; 66. 3. 
 
 proelium, i, n., battle, combat, 
 contest, 36. i; 39. 12 ; 43. 
 7, etc. 
 
 profectio, onis, f., agoing away ; 
 departure, setting out, 18. 2; 
 26. 10; 31. 26. 
 
 profero, ferre, tuli, latus, bring 
 forth ; bring forward, produce. 
 
 proficlscor, 3, fectus [proficio, 
 advance^ begin to advance one- 
 self; set out, take the field, 
 start, 3. l8j g. i ; 12. 6, etc.; 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 119 
 
 set out, go away, depart, 25. 
 
 6; 67. 28; go, 27. 23; 59. 
 
 II. 
 proUigo, I, strike to the ground ; 
 
 completely crush,_ overthrow, 
 
 overcome, 62. 20. 
 progenies, ace. em., f., descent, 
 
 descendants, race, family. 
 progredior, 3, gressus [gradior], 
 
 go forward ; advance, proceed, 
 
 go on, 4. 23; 5. 12; II. 
 
 II, etc. 
 prohibeo, 2, u!, itus [habeo], hold 
 
 before; prevent, keep from, 
 
 hinder, 5. 4. 
 proicio, 3, ieci, iectus [iacio], 
 
 throw forth; throw away, let 
 
 go, give up, 27. 5 ; w. se, throw 
 
 oneself, fall prostrate, 10. 24 ; 
 
 30. 23. 
 proinde, adv., henceforward ; ac- 
 cordingly, therefore, then, 11. 
 
 20; in like manner, equally, 
 fust, even, 70. 14 ; 71. 3. 
 promitto, 3, misi, missus, let go ; 
 
 engage, promise, assure, 6. 22; 
 
 8. 9 ; II. 3, etc. Cf. polli- 
 
 ceor, 14. 3. 
 promo, 3, mpsi, mptus [emo], 
 
 take out ; bring forth, produce, 
 
 22. 22. 
 prope, adv., nearly, almost, about, 
 
 58. 8, 21 ; comp. propius, 
 
 nearer, 49. 13 ; 64. 10. 
 propero, i [properus, quick"], 
 
 hasten, hurry, proceed with 
 
 haste, 33. 21; 45. 13; 59. 5- 
 
 Cf. maturo. 
 propinquus, a, um, adj. [prope], 
 
 near; as noun, M., relative, 
 
 kinsman, 58. 11. 
 propono, 3, posul, positus, put 
 
 forth, propose, offer, suggest, 
 conceive, 8. 20 ; 10. 16 ; 51. 11. 
 
 Propontis, idis, F., the Propontis, 
 or Sea of Marmoi'a, 73. 7. 
 
 proprius, a, um, adj., not common 
 with others ; own, special, pri- 
 vate, 57. 2. 
 
 propter, prep. w. ace. [prope], 
 near ; on account of, by reason 
 of, because of 36. 9; 40. 20; 
 50. 19, etc. 
 
 prora, ae, v., prow, bow, 7. 17. 
 
 proripio, 3, ul, reptus [rapio], 
 seize forth ; w. se, rtish, burst 
 forth, 43. 20. 
 
 prosequor, 3, cutus, follow on ; 
 follow up, pursue, cotitiiiue, go 
 on, 13. 12 ; 70. 24. 
 
 prosilio, 4, Ul, — [salio, leap"], 
 leap forward, springup, 64. 15. 
 
 prospere, adv. [prosperus, accord- 
 ing to hopel, hopefully ; favor- 
 ably, fortunately, prosperously, 
 71. 16. 
 
 prostratus, a, um, adj. [p. of pro- 
 stern o, strew before'], cast down, 
 throw to the ground, 21. 13. 
 
 prosum, desse, ful, be for ; do 
 good, benefit, serve, 7. 3 ; 10. 
 26 ; 13. 19, etc. 
 
 protendo, 3, — , tus, stretch forth, 
 reach out, extend. 
 
 pr5tinus, adv., before oneself ; at 
 once, immediately, 62. 8. 
 
 protuli. See profero. 
 
 proveho, 3, vexl, vectus, carry 
 forward ; pass., advance, pro- 
 ceed, progress, 7. 16; 25. 8. 
 
 provincia, ae, f., office, duty, 
 charge, 68. 1 1 ; province, state, 
 60. 21, 23; 61. 21. 
 
 provoco, I, call forth ; challenge. 
 
180 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 invite, ^^, i ; appeal, call upon, 
 
 39- 28- 
 prozime, adv., superl. [proxi- 
 
 mus], nearest, very near, 59. 5. 
 prozimus, a, um, adj., superl. 
 
 [prope], nearest, next, 11. 17 j 
 
 61. 23; 64. 4; last, previous, 
 38. 6 ; in proximo, near at 
 hand, near by, 34. 22. 
 
 priidentia, ae, F. [prudens, for 
 prSvidens, foreseeing], sagacity, 
 sense, intelligence, discretion, 
 18. 5 ; 69. 9. 
 
 Ptolemaeus, I, m., a king of 
 Egypt in tiie time of Caesar, 
 
 62. 15. 
 
 piiblice, adv. [publicus], on ac- 
 count of the people, 47. iZ; at 
 the public expense, 71. 5. 
 
 publico, 1 [publicus], open to the 
 public, 63. 14 ; take for public 
 use, confiscate, 68. 19. 
 
 publicus, a, um, adj. [populus], 
 of the people ; public, general, 
 common, 39. 20 ; 67. 12 ; niin- 
 tius, state messenger, 41. 15; 
 res publica, state, republic, 60. 
 7> 'Si 63- 2, etc.; in publico, 
 in a public place, 68. 22 ; in 
 piiblicum, in public, 67. 19. 
 
 puella, ae, F., dim. [puer],y^/«a/^ 
 child; girl, maiden, 18. 9; 
 39. 21. 
 
 puer, eri, m., male child ; boy, 
 lad, 2. 7, JO, 14, etc.; a puero, 
 from boyhood, 3. i. 
 
 puenilus, i, M., dim. [puer], 
 little boy, 56. 3. 
 
 pugio, onis, M., short dagger, 
 dirk, poniard, 64. 1 6. 
 
 piigna, ae, f., hand to hand fight; 
 battle, combat, 35. 23; 50. 21. 
 
 piigno, 1 [pugna],7f^.4/, do battle, 
 contend, 5. 5; 10. 12; 35. 28, 
 etc. 
 
 pulcher, chra, chrum, adj., beau- 
 tiful, fair, handsome, 29. 1 2. 
 
 pulchritudo, inis, f. [pulcher], 
 beauty, 54. 9. 
 
 puls5, I, freq. [pello], keep strik- 
 ing; knock at, 28. 8 ; 30. 2. 
 
 piinio, 4 [poena, punishment], 
 correct ; punish, chastise, 51. i ; 
 
 55- 12- 
 
 pusillus, a, um, adj., dim. [pusus, 
 boy], very little, small, insignifi- 
 cant, 55. 3. 
 
 puts, I [putus, pure], clean; 
 clear up; think, consider, be- 
 lieve, 10. 8 ; 15. 9 ; 71. 20. 
 
 qua, adv. [abl. f. of qui], on 
 
 which side; by which way, 
 
 where, 26. 22. 
 quadraginta, num. adj., indecl. 
 
 [quattuor], forty, 38. 4 ; 45. 
 
 19; 58. 21, etc. 
 quadrigae, arum, f. [quattuor, 
 
 for quadriugae], team of four, 
 
 four horses, 40. 19. 
 
 quaero, 3, sivi, situs, seek ; hunt 
 for, search for, 5. 16, 18, 24, 
 etc. ; ask, inquire, 2. 12 ; 6. 3 ; 
 21. 3, etc. 
 
 quaesti5, onis, f., a questioning ; 
 investigation, inquiry, examina- 
 tion, 68. 3. 
 
 quaestor, oris, M. [for quaesitor], 
 quastor, a Roman officer 
 
VOCABULARY 
 
 181 
 
 (originally a deputy of the con- 
 sul to investigate and try capi- 
 tal crimes) who had charge of 
 the public money, 59. 11. 
 
 quails, e, pron., interrog., how 
 constituted ? of what sort, what, 
 18. 20; 52. 5. 
 
 qtiam, adv. [qui], in what man- 
 ner ; how, 27. 12 ; 52. 20, 21 ; 
 after comps., than, 4. 4; 24. 
 12 ; 34. 21 ; w. superls., as . . . 
 as possible, 2. 17 ; 10. 22 ; 11. 
 4, etc. 
 
 quamquam, conj., though, al- 
 though, notwithstanding that, 
 58. 7 ; 62. 7 ; 70. 22. 
 
 quamvis, conj., as you will ; al- 
 though, albeit, 61. 17. 
 
 quantum, adv. [quantus], as 
 much as ; how far, to what ex- 
 tent, how, 15. 4; 61. 22. 
 
 quantus, a, um, pronom. adj., 
 correl. vir. tantus, of what size ; 
 how great, 6. 18, 21; 48. 5, etc.; 
 as noun, N., how much, 50. 5. 
 
 qua re, or quare, adv., by which 
 thing; wherefore, therefore, 
 whereby, then, 39. 25; 41. 22 ; 
 
 44. 8, etc. 
 
 quartanus, a, um, adj. [quartus], 
 of the fourth ; as noun, F. (so. 
 t^x\s, fever), an ague occurring 
 every fourth day, quartan ague, 
 58. 7- 
 
 quartus, a, um, adj. [quattuor], 
 fourth, 54. 20 ; 63. 5. 
 
 quasi, adv., as if, just as if 16. 
 7 ; 18. II ; ig. 8, etc. 
 
 quattuor, num. adj., indecl.,/o»n 
 
 45. 19; 54. 16; 62. 19. 
 
 -que, conj., enclitic, and, 4. 11 ; 
 6. 20 ; 10. 6, etc. 
 
 qui, quae, quod, interrog. adj., 
 which ? what? 2. 12 ; 3. i, etc. 
 
 qui, quae, quod, rel. pron., who, 
 which, what, 2. i, 17 ; 3. 5, etc. 
 
 quia, conj., because, since, 39. i ; 
 68. 4. 
 
 quicumque, quaecumque, quod- 
 cumque, rel. pron. [qui], who- 
 ever, whosoever, whichsoever, 34. 
 '9; 39- 23; 75. 19. 
 
 quidam, quaedum, quoddam and 
 (as substantive) quiddam, indef. 
 pron., certain, some, 2. 6, 16; 
 3. I, etc. 
 
 quidem, adv., certainly, indeed, 
 to be sure, however, 20. 8 ; 28. 
 I i 37- 3°> etc. ; ne . . . quidem, 
 enclosing an emphatic word, not 
 . . . even, 4. 2 ; 21. 10, 22, etc. 
 
 quies, etis, y., a lying still ; rest, 
 freedom, 10. 2; 26. 15 ; 40. 27. 
 
 quiesco, 3, evi, etus [quies], rest, 
 sleep, 74. 14; be inactive, do 
 nothing, remain quiet, 68. 4. 
 
 quin, conj. [qui, ne], by which 
 not ; but that, from, 6. 14, 19 ; 
 10. 18, etc. 
 
 quindecim, num. adj., indecl., 
 fifteen, 47. 18. 
 
 quinquageni, ae, a, num. adj. 
 [quTnquaginta], fifty each; 
 fifty each year, 73. 15. 
 
 quinquaginta, num. adj., indecl., 
 
 fifty, A- 13; 59- 3- 
 quinque, num. adj., indecl., five, 
 
 63- 4 ; 70. 3- 
 quinquiens, adv. [quinque], y^z/^ 
 
 times, 62. 28. 
 quintus, a, um, adj. [quinque], 
 
 fifth, 62. 18. 
 Quirinalis, e, adj., of ox belonging 
 
 to Quirinus, Qtiirinal, 36. 21, 
 
182 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 Quirinus, i, m., a name of Romu- 
 lus, 36. 22. 
 
 quis, quae, quid, interrog. pron., 
 who? which? what? 2. 18; 
 3. 14; 5. 15, etc.; as indef. 
 pron. w. si or ne, anybody, any- 
 thing, 2. 20; 7. 12, 13, etc.; 
 w. nescio, / know not what, 
 i.e., some, 2. 14 ; 3. 3. 
 
 quisnam, quaenam, quidnam, 
 interrog. adj., who then? what 
 fray? 46. 4. 
 
 quisquam, — , quicquam, indef. 
 pron., as noun, M., any one 
 whatever, anybody no matter 
 who, 67. 20 ; N., anythingwhat- 
 ever, 30. 13; 50. 18. 
 
 quisque, quaeque, quidque, and 
 quodque, whoever it be ; each, 
 every, 10. II ; 24. 9; 38. II, 
 etc. 
 
 quo, to the place to which, whither, 
 12- 9; >3- 3; 19-7; 29- 14. 
 
 etc. ; at which, 68. 6 ; as rel. 
 adv. = ut eo, in order that, etc., 
 
 40. 23. 
 
 quod, conj. [qui], because, since, 
 
 6. 6 ; 8. 7 ; 10. 26, etc. 
 quo modo, adv., in what manner 
 
 ox way? how? 14. 22; 51. 10. 
 quondam, adv., at some time ; at 
 
 one time, once, formerly, 37. 3 ; 
 
 46. 28; 56. 19. Cf. olim. 
 quoniam, adv., since now ; since 
 
 then, since, seeing that, 72. 23. 
 quoque, conj., after an emphatic 
 
 word, also, too, 35. 3 ; 37. 22; 
 
 41. I, etc. 
 
 quorsum, adv. [quo versus], to 
 
 what place, whither, 61. 6. 
 quotiens, adv. \i:^\ioi, how many'], 
 
 how often ; as often as, as many 
 
 times as, 6. 11. 
 quotienscumque, adv. [quotiens], 
 
 how often soever ; as often as, 
 
 67. 18. 
 
 R 
 
 ramus, 1, m., growing thing; 
 branch, bough, II. 17. 
 
 rana, ae, v., frog, 55. 6, 8. 
 
 rapina, ae, l'., a robbing ; robbery, 
 plundering, pillage, 33. 17. 
 
 rapio, 3, pui, ptus, seize and carry 
 off by force, drag away, snatch, 
 snatch up, 5. 4; 35. 9, II, etc. 
 
 ratio, onis, F., a reckoning ; man- 
 ner, way, plan, 7. 9; 21. 18. 
 
 ratus, a, um, adj. [p. of reor], 
 reckoned; fixed, settled, sure, 
 certain, 74. 2. 
 
 rebello, I, wage war again; re- 
 volt, rebel, 62. 17. 
 
 recedo, 3, cessi, cessus, go back ; 
 
 w. abl., give up, renounce, 72. 
 
 4- 
 recido, 3, cidi, casiirus [cado], 
 
 fall back ; fall again, 71. 15; 
 
 be handed over, revert, 36. 8. 
 recipio, 3, cepi, ceptus [capio], 
 
 take again ; regain, recover, 
 
 get back, 3. 4 ; 26. Ij 31. 7, 
 
 etc. ; take in, admit, receive, 36. 
 
 6 ; 53. 8 ; w. se, betake oneself, 
 
 withdraw, go, 12. 19. 
 recondo, 3, didi, ditus, put up 
 
 again; conceal, hide, shelter, 
 
 52. 2. 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 183 
 
 recreo, i , make again ; revive, 
 
 refresh, restore, 52. 3. 
 recte, adv. [rectus], in a straight 
 
 line ; well, properly, excellently, 
 
 44. 14. 
 rectus, a, uin, adj. [p. of rego], 
 
 kept straight ; in a straight line, 
 
 straight, direct, 7. 18 ; 21. i ; 
 
 49- IS- 
 
 Tecumb5, 3, cubui, — , lie down 
 again ; lie down, sink down, 
 23. 9; 26. 15. 
 
 recupero, i, take again; regain, 
 recover, be restored to, 25. 24. 
 
 recuse, i [causa], make an objec- 
 tion against; decline, refuse, 
 reject, 67. 18. 
 
 redactus. See redigo. 
 
 reddo, 3, didi, ditus, give back ; 
 bring again, return, restore, 31. 
 5 ; cause to appear, make, ren- 
 der, 48. 4 ; 52. 6. 
 
 redeo, ire, ii, itus, go again ; go 
 back, return, 2. 9:5. 26; 7. 
 7, etc. ; turn, turn back, 39. 5. 
 
 redigo, 3, egl, actus [ago], drive 
 back ; reduce, compel, force, 
 bring, 45. 22 ; 59. 8 ; 60. 23. 
 
 rediissem. See redeo. 
 
 redimo, 3, emi, emptus [emo], 
 take back; beg off, release, ran- 
 som, rescue, 59. 2. 
 
 redintegro, i, make whole again; 
 rene70, begin afresh, take up 
 again, 36. 2. 
 
 reditus, us, M., a going back ; re- 
 turning, return, 11. 24; 22. 
 20; 25. 2, etc. 
 
 reduco, 3, xi, ductus, lead back ; 
 bring back, restore, return, 15. 
 6; 30. 19. 
 refero, ferre, rettull, latus, bring 
 
 back ; bear back, carry, 18. 20; 
 27. I ; 74. 23 ; return, repay, 
 give ; w. gratiam, make return, 
 requite, show gratitude, 7. 9; 
 12. 12; 23. 8, etc.; regain, re- 
 cover, get again, 14. 4 ; 44. 7 ; 
 w. pedetn, retrace one's steps, go 
 back, withdraw, retreat, 11. 22. 
 
 reficio, 3, feci, fectus [faciS], 
 make again ; restore, renew, re- 
 pair, regain, recover, 15. i ; 31. 
 23-^ 
 
 refluo, 3, — , — , flow back ; flow 
 off, overflow. 
 
 refoveo, 2, fovi, — , warm again; 
 restore, revive, 62. 26. 
 
 refugio, 3, fugl, — , flee back ; 
 turn back, flee for refuge, 20. 
 18; 45. 12; 55.8. 
 
 ref ulgeo, 2, si, — , flash back ; 
 shine, gleam, glisten, 12. 7. 
 
 regia, ae, f. [regius, sc. domus], 
 royal abode, palace, 3. 5 ; 6. 20 ; 
 10. 20, etc. 
 
 regis, onis, F., directing ; part, 
 district, region, land, 4. 7, 20; 
 6. 4; 16. 16, etc. 
 
 regius, a, um, adj. [rex], of the 
 king ; royal, of the king, king's, 
 
 33- '3! 37- 9; 46- 15. etc. 
 regno, i Iregnum], have pojver ; 
 
 be king, rule, reign, govern, 14. 
 
 17; 33- 3; 38. 4. etc. 
 regnum, I, n., power, government, ' 
 
 kingdom, throne, 2. 2, 3, 15, 
 
 etc. 
 rego, 3, rexi, rectus, rule, govern, 
 
 34- 13- 
 
 regredior, 3, gressus [gradior], 
 go back ; turn back, return, 28. 
 21; 61. 23; 62. 26. Cf. redeo, 
 2. 9. 
 
184 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 relabor, 3, lapsus, slide back; 
 flow back, recede, fall, 33. 8. 
 
 lelazo, I, stretch out ; relax. 
 
 religio, onis, F., that which binds; 
 sense of right, devoutness, piety, 
 36. 24; 41. 8; religious obser- 
 vance, 36. 25 ; 67. 25. 
 
 Teligo, I, bind back ; fasten, bind 
 fast, 40. 19. 
 
 relinquo, 3, llqul, lictus, leave be- 
 hind, abandon, leave, 3. II ; II. 
 g, 24, etc. ; bequeath, 33. 2. 
 
 reliquiae, arum, f., what is left ; 
 remainder, remnant, rest, 62. 
 
 25- 
 
 reliquus, ii, um, adj., left; as 
 noun, M. pi., the rest, those re- 
 maining, 10. 14; 18.8; ig. 5, 
 etc. 
 
 remaneo, 2, mansi, — , stay be- 
 hind, remain. 
 
 remedium, 1, n., that which re- 
 stores health; cure, antidote, 
 remedy, 6. 23. 
 
 remigo, i, — , — [remex, oars- 
 mari\, ply the oar, ro%u, 13. 
 16. 
 
 reminlscor, 3, — , recall to mind, 
 recollect, remember, 70. 28. 
 
 remitto, 3, misl, missus, let go 
 back ; allow oneself rest, relax, 
 66. 13. 
 
 removes, .i, movi, mStus, move 
 back; pass., withdraw, pass, 
 disappear, 13. 17 ; 25. 13. 
 
 Remus, i, m., twin brother of 
 Romulus, 33. 5. 
 
 remus, I, m., oar, 7. 23; 11. 7; 
 12. 23, etc. 
 
 renuntio, i, bring back word ; 
 report, declare, announce, 2. 9 ; 
 74. 5- 
 
 renuo, 3, ui, — , nod back; shake 
 the head, refuse, reject, decline, 
 64. II. 
 
 reor, x, ratus, reckon ; think, be- 
 lieve, judge, 39. 2 ; 61. 20 ; 68. 
 16. 
 
 repello, 3, reppull, pulsus, drive 
 back ; reject, refuse, 63. 26 ; 
 drive away, cast down, deprive, 
 22. II. 
 
 repente, adv. [repens, sudden'], 
 suddenly, unexpectedly, on a 
 sudden, 34. 7. 
 
 repentinus, a, um, adj. [repens, 
 sudden], sudden, unlooked for, 
 unexpected, 67. 13. 
 
 reperio, 4, repperl, repertus, _/?«</ 
 again; find, discover, devise, 
 6. 23; 9. 10 ; 19. 8, etc. 
 
 repertor, oris, m. [reperio], dis- 
 coverer, inventor, 20. 1 5. 
 
 repeto, 3, Ivi, itus, seek again; 
 demand again, 45. 10 ; w. res, 
 demand restitution, require 
 satisfaction, 41. 11, 14, 21. 
 
 repetundae, arum, F. [p. of re- 
 peto], sc. pecuniae, money to be 
 recovered by suit, hence, extor- 
 tion, 63. 6. 
 
 repleo, 2, evi, etus, fill again ; 
 fill up, fill to the brim, 23. I, 4; 
 30. 6, etc. 
 
 repono, 3, posui, positus, put 
 again ; put away, replace, re- 
 store, 42. 13; put away, store, 
 keep, 22. 18. 
 
 reports, l, bring or carry back, 
 19. 17. 
 
 TepudiS, I [repudium, putting 
 away], cast off, separate from, 
 put away, 15. 24; 58. 4; re- 
 ject, scorn, 53. 3. 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 185 
 
 repugUO, 1, fight back; object to, 
 
 oppose, refuse, 60. 9 ; 72. 24. 
 reputo, I, count over; reflect, 
 
 think over, ponder on, meditate, 
 
 61. 22 ; 68. 14. 
 require, 3, sivi, situs [quaero], 
 
 seek again ; look after, search 
 
 for, 54. 3. 
 res, re!, f., that thought or spoken 
 
 of; thing, fact, occurrence, 
 
 event, matter, 3. 12, 15, 23, etc. j 
 
 circumstances, condition, life, 
 
 6. 22 ; 70. 16 ; res militaris, 
 
 art of war, g. 6 j 36. 19; as 
 
 adv., re vera, in very truth, in 
 
 reality, really, 7,. 11; 15. 14; 
 
 55. 17 ; undertaking, ig. 12; 
 
 res gesta, deed, achievementi 
 
 74. 3; res publica, republic, 
 
 state, 60. 7, 15; 63. 2. See 
 
 also restitu5, gero. 
 resacro, 1, — ,■ — , reconsecrate, 
 
 release from a curse, 71. 6. 
 resisto, 3, stiti, — , stand back ; 
 
 make opposition, resist, oppose, 
 
 ig. 10 ; 24. 2 ; 66. 9. 
 resono, 1, avi, — , sound again ; 
 
 resound, reecho. 
 respicio, 3, exi, ectus, look again; 
 
 look back, look behind, 3g. 4 ; 
 
 look at or upon, regard, 63. 22. 
 respondeo, 2, dl, sponsus, answer, 
 
 reply, make answer, 2. 19 j 14. 
 
 6, II, etc.; correspond to, be 
 
 equal to, equal, 54. 10. 
 responsum, T, n. [p. of respon- 
 
 de5], that which is answered ; 
 
 response, reply, 21. 7; oracle, 
 
 44. 25. 
 respublica. See res publica. 
 restituo, 3, uT, utus [statuo], set 
 
 up again ; reestablish, rein- 
 
 state, restore, replace, revive, 
 22. 12; 34. 9 ; 56. 10, etc. 
 
 resto, I, stiti, — , stand again; 
 stand one's ground, stand firm, 
 not yield, 36. i. 
 
 retineo, 2, ul, tentus [teneo], 
 hold back; restrain, keep, pre- 
 vent, 28. 7. 
 
 rettuli. See refero. 
 
 reus, a, um, adj. [res], concerned 
 in a thing; at fault, guilty, to 
 blame, 72. 23 ; w. facio, prose- 
 cute, arraign, accuse, 68. 9. 
 
 revera or re vera. See res. 
 
 reverter, 3, sus, pf. usually re- 
 verti, turn back; come back, 
 return, 13. 20; 33. 12; 71. 
 
 25- 
 rex, regis, m., ruler, king, 2. 9 ; 
 
 3. 8 ; 4. 20, etc. 
 Rhea, ae, f., Rhea Silvia, mother 
 
 of Romulus and Remus, 33. 4. 
 Rhenus, T, m.. River Rhine, 60. 
 
 24. 
 Rhodos, i, F., an island oH the 
 
 southwest coast of Asia Minor, 
 
 58. 18. 
 rictus, iis, m., aperture of the 
 
 mouth; mouth, gaping jaws, 
 
 56- 7- 
 
 rideo, 2, sT, sus, laugh, 47. 8. 
 
 rigo, I, guide; flow through, 
 water, 37. 26. 
 
 ripa, ae, f., bank, shore, 33. 7. 
 
 rite, adv. [ritus], according to re- 
 ligious usage ; solemnly, with 
 proper ceremonies, according to 
 their custom, 37. 16. 
 
 ritus, us, u.,form of religious ob- 
 servance ; rite, 41. 19. 
 
 rixa, ae, v., a tearing apart; dis- 
 pute, quarrel, brawl, 43. 13. 
 
186 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 robur, oris, N., hard wood, oak, 4. 
 
 5; strength, power, 54. 18. 
 rOgO, I, ask, request, beg, 14. 12 ; 
 
 47- 10 i 53- ■> s'c. Cf. peto, 
 
 12. 44. 
 Roma, ae, F., Rome, 34. 15. 
 Romanus, a, um, adj. [R5ma], of 
 
 Rome, Roman, 35. 9 ; as noun, 
 
 M., 35. II. 
 Romulus, I, M. [Roma], the 
 
 founder and first king of Rome, 
 
 33- 5- 
 rostrum, i, n. [rodo, gnaw\ beak, 
 
 bill, 54. II ; pi.. Rostra, the 
 
 platform for speakers in the 
 
 Roman Forum, 63. 25. 
 Rubico, onis, m., Rubicon, a small 
 
 stream which formed the bound- 
 
 ary between Italy and Cisalpine 
 Gaul, 61. 20. 
 
 ruina, ae, f., a rushing down ; de- 
 struction, downfall, ruin ; pi., 
 ruins, 40. 22. 
 
 ruo, 3, ui, iitus and uitus, fall 
 with violence ; rush forth, 26. 
 22 ; 29. 14. 
 
 rapes, is, f., breaking thing ; cliff, 
 crag, 7. II, 19, 20, etc. 
 
 nirsus,adv. [revorsus=reversus], 
 turned back ; back again, once 
 more, again, 4. 22 ; 7. 21 ; 12. 
 14; 42. 12, etc. 
 
 rusticus, a, um, adj. [rus, coun- 
 tr3i\, of the country, as noun, 
 M., countryman, rustic, peasant, 
 
 55- 1. «s; se. I- 
 
 Sabini, orum, m., Sabines, a 
 
 people of central Italy, 35. 7. 
 saccus, i, M., bag, sack, 26. 4, 9, 
 
 16, etc. 
 sacer, era, crum, adj., dedicated ; 
 
 sacred ; as noun, N. pi., sacred 
 
 rites, 36. 26; 37. 6 J 41. 3, 
 
 etc. 
 sacerdos, otis, m. and f. [sacer], 
 
 one given to sacred things; 
 
 priest, 37. 2, 14 ; 44. 28, etc. ; 
 
 priestess, 33. 4. 
 sacrarium, i, n. [sacrum], deposi- 
 tory of holy things ; shrine, 
 
 47. 16. 
 saciiflcium, i, n. [sacrificus, 
 
 sacrificial], sacrifice, offering, 
 
 2. 22 ; 40. 6. 
 sacrifico, i, make a sacrifice; 
 
 offer sacrifice, sacrifice. 
 sacrilegium, i, n. [sacrilegus. 
 
 stealing sacred things'], violation 
 
 of sacred things, profanation, 
 
 71. 4. 
 saepe, adv., often, freqtiently, 
 
 oftentimes, 19. 11 ; 37. 26; 48. 
 
 4, etc. 
 saepius, adv., comp. of saepe, 
 
 more often, 65. 2 ; again and 
 
 again, repeatedly, 33. 12. 
 saevitia, ae, f. [saevus], cruelty, 
 
 harshness, severity, 45. 24. 
 saevus, a, um, adj., raging; 
 
 fierce, furious, savage, 62. 8. 
 sagacitas, atis, f. [sagax, of quick 
 
 perception], keenness; shrezud- 
 
 ness, acuteness, 69. 13. 
 Salii, orum, m., Roman priests, 
 
 dedicated to the service of 
 
 Mars, 37. 14. 
 Salmydessus, i, f., a town of 
 
 Thrace, 6. 2. 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 187 
 
 salto, t, freq. [salio, leap], leap 
 about; dance, 37. 16. 
 
 (saltus, us), M., only ace. and abl., 
 a leaping ; leap, bound, 34. 17. 
 
 saltus, us, M., forest pastures ; 
 woodland pastures, woodland, 
 glade, 33. 16. 
 
 salubris, e, adj. [salus], health- 
 giving; healthy, sound, well, 
 comp., 40. 28. 
 
 (salum, i), N., only ace. and abl. 
 sing., open sea, deep, 56. 1 5. 
 
 salus, utis, F. [salvus], sound- 
 ness ; health, welfare, safety, 
 7. 22 ; 10. 20 ; 12. 3, etc. 
 
 saluto, I [salus], wish health ; 
 greet, hail, salute, 45. 14. 
 
 salvus, a, um, adj., in good 
 health ; safe, sound, unharmed. 
 
 Samos, T, F., an island near Ephe- 
 sus, 6g. 19. 
 
 sarcina, ae, f., package, bundle, 
 load, pack, 53. I, 5, 9. 
 
 satis, adv., enough, sufficiently, 
 fully, 5. 10; 12. 16; 14. 17, 
 etc. 
 
 satrapes, is, M., governor of a 
 Persian province, viceroy, sat- 
 rap, 74. 8. 
 
 saxum, J, N., large, rough stone ; 
 stone, broken rock, 10. 8, 1 1 ; 
 20. 21, etc. 
 
 sceleratus, a, um, adj. [p. of 
 scelero, pollute'], polluted ; ac- 
 cursed, impious, wicked, 45. 18. 
 
 sceleste, adv. [scelestus, wicked], 
 wickedly, impiously, in an in- 
 famous manner, 45. 20. 
 
 scelus, eris, N., wicked deed, crime, 
 wickedness, 15. 1 8. 
 
 scientla, ae, f. [seiens, p. of scio], 
 knowing; knowledge, experi- 
 
 ence, skill, 3. 22; 8. 22,; II. 16. 
 etc. 
 
 scio, 4, know, understand, per- 
 ceive, 6. 17; 7. 26 ; 8. 8, etc. 
 
 Scipio, onis, m., a Komdn noble, 
 friendly to Pompey, 6i. 24. 
 
 sciscitor, i, freq. [sclscor, inch, 
 of scio], inform oneself ; seek to 
 know, ask, enquire, 46. 4. 
 
 scissus, a, um, adj. [p. of scindo], 
 cut; rent, cleft, parted, opened, 
 37- "■ 
 
 scitum, i, N. [p. of sclsco, decree], 
 ordinance, decree, resolution, 
 vote, 6g. 25. 
 
 scribo, 3, psi, ptus, scratch; 
 write, 17. 3; 60. 18; 75. 6; 
 inscribe, carve, 71. 8. 
 
 scutum, 1, N., covering; shield, 
 buckler, 35. 19 ; 37. 11, 13, etc. 
 
 secedo, 3, cessi, cessus, go by 
 oneself; go apart Or away, 
 draw off, wander, stray, 5. 19 ; 
 58. 18. 
 
 seco, I, ul, ctus, cut ; cut in two, 
 cut through, divide, 43. 5, 6. 
 
 secretus, a, um, adj. [p. of secer- 
 ns, put asunder], mysterious, 
 secret, 37. 14. 
 
 secundus, a, um, adj. [sequor], 
 following ; second, 54. 18 ; 59. 
 1 5 ; successful, favorable, pro- 
 pitious, fair, 26. 12 ; 71. 22 ; 
 72. 21 ; w. KS, prosperity, 70. 16. 
 
 securis, is, f., that which cuts ; 
 axe, hatchet, 43. 18. 
 
 secus, adv., otherwise ; w. neg., 
 not otherwise ; w. ac, just the 
 same as, equally with, 44. ^. 
 
 sed, conj., but, however, 2. 4; 11. 
 14; 12. 19, etc. 
 
 sedeo, z, sedl, sessum, sit ; take 
 
188 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 place, sit, g. i8 ; 24. 9 ; 28. 20, 
 etc.; remain seated, 63. 2r. 
 
 sedes, is, f., a sitting; seat, place, 
 spot, dwelling, 20. 6; 40. 24. 
 
 seditio, onis, f., a going apart; 
 discord, quarrel, strife, dis- 
 agreement, 36. 17, 19; 60. II. 
 
 segniter, adv. [segnis, slow\, 
 slowly ; lazily, withoitt spirit, 
 44. s. 
 
 sella, ae, f., seat ; chair, throne, 
 official seat, 37. 3 ; 63. 24. 
 
 semper, adv., ever, always, con- 
 tinually^ ig. i; 4g. 14; sg. 17. 
 
 senator, oris, m., member of the 
 senate ; councillor, senator, 
 36. 9. 
 
 senatorius, a, um, adj. [senator], 
 of a senator, senatorial, 63. 7. 
 
 senatus, us, m., council of the 
 elders, senate, 45. 10; 60. 9; 61. 
 18, etc. 
 
 senectQs, utis, f. [senex], old age, 
 extreme age, 36. 10. 
 
 senesco, 3, senui, — , inch, [seneo, 
 be old'\,grow old ; lose strength, 
 grow weak, decline, fig. 18. 
 
 senex, senis, adj., old ; 52. 15; as 
 noun, M., old man, aged man, 
 14. 20; 3g. 28; 53. 18, etc. 
 
 senior, ius, adj., comp. of senex, 
 old ; elder, 36. 8. 
 
 sensus, us, m., a perceiving ; feel- 
 ing, way of thinking, opiniok, 
 view, fig. 22. 
 
 sententia, ae, f., way of thinking, 
 mind, 8. 9; intention, purpose, 
 desire, wish, j.. 6j 71. 14. 
 
 sentio, 4, senst, sensus, perceive 
 by the senses ; feel, ifi. 12 ; see, 
 perceive, realize, notice, 5. 7, 23; 
 7. 5, etc. 
 
 separatim, adv. [separatus, sep- 
 arated], apart, separately, 60. i. 
 
 sepelio, 4, IvI, (il) pultus, bury, 
 inter, 38. 2. 
 
 septem, num. adj., indecl., seven, 
 
 38. 3- 
 Septimus, a, um, adj. [septem], 
 
 seventh, ig. 3 ; 25. 25. 
 sepultura, ae, f. [sepelio], burial, 
 
 13. 21. 
 sepultus. See sepelio. 
 sequor, 3, ciitus, come after ; fol- 
 low, give chase, pursue, 5. 26; 
 
 13. 2 ; 29. 7, etc. 
 serio, adv. [serius], in earnest, 
 
 seriously, 5g. 14. 
 serius, a, um, adj. [for severius], 
 
 grave, earnest, serious, 47. 11. 
 sermo, onis, m., continued speech ; 
 
 conversation, talk, discourse, 2g. 
 
 25. 
 sero, 3, sevi, satus, plant, sow, 8. 
 
 'S- 
 sero, adv. [serus], late, too late, 
 
 53- 7 ; 55- 13- 
 serus, a, um, adj., late, too. late, 
 
 56. II. 
 
 serva, ae, f. [servus], female 
 
 slave ; maidservant, maid. 
 servilis, e, adj. [servus], of a 
 
 slave ; slavish, servile, 34. 3. 
 servio, 4 [servus], be a servant ; 
 
 serve, be subject to, be enslaved 
 
 to, fifi. 12 ; 73. 17. 
 servo, I, make safe; watch,guard, 
 
 keep, preserve, save. 
 Servius, I, m., Servius Tullius, 
 
 the sixth king of Rome, 43. 21. 
 servus, 5, m. [servus, serving"], 
 
 slavish person; serving man, 
 
 servant, slave, 20. 16 ; 28. 14 ; 
 
 59. I- 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 189 
 
 sestertius, a, um, num. adj. [for 
 
 semis-tertius], two and a half ; 
 
 as noum, m. [sc. nummus], 
 
 sesterce, a coin worth nearly 
 
 five cents, 60. 3. 
 seu. See sive. 
 Seuthes, is, m., a king of Thrace, 
 
 72.1 5. 
 severe, adv. [severus, serious^ 
 
 rigidly, austerely, strictly, su- 
 
 perl., 63. 6. 
 sex, num. adj., indecl., six, 34. 
 
 14 ; 47- 6- 
 sexaginta, num. adj., indecl., 
 
 sixty, 63. 3, 27. 
 sextus, a, um, adj. [sex], sixth ; 
 
 sextus et decimus, sixteenth, 
 
 58. 2. 
 Sextus, T, M., Sextus Tarquinius, 
 
 son of Tarquinius Superbus, 
 
 45. 22. 
 si, conj., if, in case, 2. 20 ; 6. 23 ; 
 
 7. 13, etc. ; to see if, 51. 4. 
 Sibyllinus, a, um, adj. [Sibylla, 
 
 prophetess^ of a Sibyl, Sibyl- 
 line, 47. 17. 
 sic, adv., in this way ; so, thus, 
 • 34- 18 ; 35- 20 ; 39. 23, etc. 
 sicco, I [siccus], mahe dry; dry 
 
 up, drain, 63. 14. 
 siccus, a, um, zA\.,dry; as noun, 
 
 N., dry land, dry place, 33. 8. 
 Sicilia, ae, f., Sicily, 2q. 14. 
 sicut or sicuti, so as ; Just as, as, 
 
 30. 13; 71. 18. 
 significo, I [sTgnum, facio], ma/te 
 signs; indicate, show, mean, 
 signify, 37. 21. 
 signo, I [signum], set a mark 
 upon ; mark, seal, affix a seal, 
 sign, 60. 17. 
 signum, i, n., mark, sign, signal, 
 
 31. I i 35. 8 ; 38. 16 ; standard, 
 44- 5. 7- 
 
 silens, entis, adj. [p. of sileo, be 
 still], still ; in silence, speech- 
 less, quiet, 37. 9. 
 
 silentium, i, n. [silens], a being 
 still ; silence, stillness, 46. 9. 
 
 silva, ae, v., forest, wood, 11. 10, 
 II ; 12. 7, etc. 
 
 Silvia, ae, f.* See Rhea, 33. 4. 
 
 similis, e, ad]., of a corresponding 
 nature ; like, resembling, 41. 8; 
 superl. simillimus, 34. 5. 
 
 similitudo, inis, f. [similis], like- 
 ness; similarity, likeness, 45. 8. 
 
 simul, adv., at the same time, 39. 
 21; 41. 2 ; 56. 5, etc.; w. atque 
 or ac, as soon a^, 6. 16, 25; 20. 
 17, etc.; alone, as if with atque, 
 as soon as, 57. 5 ; w. cum, in 
 connection with, 58. 16; 69. 26; 
 70. 5 ; simul . . . simul, at the 
 same time . . . and, no sooner 
 . . . than, 56. 13, 14. 
 
 simulo, I [similis], make like; 
 pretend, feign, represent, 37. 23; 
 
 43- 13- 
 sine, prep. w. abl., jaithout, unat- 
 tended by, 7. 26; 8. 8; 12. 14, etc. 
 singuli, ae, a, adj., one at a time, 
 
 separately, 39. 2 ; 50. 3 ; 52. 19 ; 
 
 one on each side, 39. 9 ; per 
 
 singulas noctis, each successive 
 
 night, 58. 8. 
 sinister, tra, trum, adj., left, on 
 
 the left; as noun, F. (sc. ma- 
 
 nus), left hand, 35. 17. 
 sinus, us, M., curve, fold ; fold of 
 
 the toga about the breast, bosom, 
 
 52. 2. 
 situs, a. um, adj. [p. of sino, set\, 
 
 placed ; situated, 70. 7. 
 
190 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 sive or seu, conj., or if; sive . . . 
 SI ve, or seu . . . seu, whether . . . 
 or, i6. 23 ; 36. I ; 45. 7, 8, etc. 
 
 sobrius, a, urn, adj. [se, without, 
 ebrius, full'\, not drunk, sober, 
 64. 28. 
 
 socer, eri, m., father-in-law, 61. 
 II ; 66. 19. 
 
 societas, atis, f. [socius], fellow- 
 ship ; league, alliance, 34. 25; 
 54. 15; 60. S. etc. 
 
 socio, I [socius], join together ; 
 hold in common, share, 36. 6. 
 
 socius, 1, M., one who shares; 
 companion, fellow, associate, 
 frienfl, 4. 14; 6. 20; 9. 9, etc. 
 
 Socrates, is, M.i a celebrated 
 Athenian philosopher, 66. 19. 
 
 s51, solis, M., sun, 4. 22 ; 12. 2 ; 
 28. 20, etc. 
 
 soleo, 2, solitus sum, sit down to 
 a thing ; use, be wont, be accus- 
 tomed, 34. I ; 50. 15, 21, etc. 
 
 solitiido, inis, f. [solus], being 
 alone ; lonely place, desert, wil- 
 derness, 33. 9. 
 
 soUicitus, a, um, adj., thoroughly 
 mvued ; troubled, afflicted, dis- 
 turbed, restless, 28. 21. 
 
 solum, i, N., lowest part ; ground, 
 land, 56. 16. 
 
 solum, adv. [solus], alone, only, 
 38.6; 51. I; 67. 21. 
 
 solus, a, um, adj., alone, only, 
 3. 18; 28. 21 ; 34. 20, etc.; 
 without assistance, g. 25. 
 
 S0lv5, 3, VI, utus, loosen ; unbind, 
 untie, undo, let down, 26. 20 ; 
 27. 2 ; 39. 18 ; leave land, set 
 sail, weigh anchor, depart, 4. 
 17, 22 ; 5. 26 ; 7. i5, etc.; /ay, 
 give, 25. II. 
 
 somnium, i, n. [somnus], dream, 
 
 44. 25. 
 somnus, i, m., sleep, slumber, 10. 
 
 3; II. 20; 21. 13, etc. 
 sonitus, us, M., noise, sound, 20. 
 
 6 ; SI- 12 ; 55. 8 ; crackling, 
 
 74. 16. 
 sonorus, a, um, adj. [sonor, noise'], 
 
 noisy, loud, resounding, 25. 21. 
 sopor, 5ris, M., deep sleep, slum- 
 ber, 28. 15. 
 soror, oris, F., sister, 39. 16, 20 ; 
 
 46. 13. 
 sororius, a, um, adj. [soror], of 
 
 a sister, sister's, 40. 8. 
 sors, rtis, f., lot, drawing of lot, 
 
 decision, 27. 22 ; sorte evenit, 
 
 the lot fell to, 27. 20. 
 sortior, 4 [sors], cast lots, draw 
 
 lots, 27. 19. 
 spargO, 3, SI, sus, throw about ; 
 
 strew, scatter, sprinkle, 9. 20; 
 
 10. I ; II. 20. 
 spatium, 1, n., space, interval, dis- 
 tance, 7. 13, 19; 39. 3; of time, 
 
 8. I ; 27. 6; 30. i, etc. 
 species, — , ace. em, abl. e, sight ; 
 
 appearance, likeness, form, 
 
 looks, 2. II ; 6. 9 ; 8. 13, etc.; 
 
 pretence, 64. 9. 
 spectaculum, i, n. [specto], 
 
 means of seeing ; public show, 
 
 spectacle, exhibition, 35. 5, 7. 
 specto, I, freq., look at ; behold, 
 
 look on, see, 38. 19. 
 speculator, oris, m. [speculor, 
 
 spy out], looker-out ; spy, scout, 
 
 73- I- 
 
 spelunca, ae, f., cave, cavern, den, 
 20. 18, 20; 23. 15, etc. 
 
 spernS, 3, sprevi, spretus, separ- 
 ate ; despise, scorn, reject, 25. 10. 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 191 
 
 spero, I [spes], hope, look for, ex- 
 pect, 3. 13; 13. 13; 15. 12, etc. 
 
 spes, spel, F., hope, 4.8; 7.22; 
 13. 4, etc. 
 
 splritus, us, M., a breathing; 
 spirit, spirits, pride, haughti- 
 ness, 41. 2. 
 
 splendidus, a, um, 2iSy, bright; 
 magnificent, showy, fine, hand- 
 some, 66. II ; superl., 75. 7. 
 
 splendor, oris, m., brightness; 
 splendor, magnificence, sumptu- 
 ousness, 75. 8. 
 
 spolio, I [spolium], strip ; strip, 
 despoil, rob, plunder, 39. 13; 
 58. 6. 
 
 spolium, I, N., skin; pi., arvis 
 stripped from an enemy ; booty, 
 spoil, 39. 15 ; 40. I. 
 
 spondeo, 2, spopondi, sponsus, 
 promise sacredly; give assur- 
 ance, pledge oneself, 59. 4 ; 
 
 72- '3- 
 
 (spons, spontis), f., free will ; 
 only abl. sing. (w. sua), of one's 
 own accord, willingly, volun- 
 tarily, 19. 15. 
 
 sponsus, 1, M. [p. of spondeo], 
 one promised ; betrothed, lover, 
 39. 18, 22. 
 
 spopondi. See spondeo. 
 
 Spurinna, ae, m., a soothsayer in 
 the time of Caesar, 64. 3. 
 
 stabulum, I, N., standing-place, 
 stall, enclosure, g. 10. 
 
 statim, adv., at once, immediately, 
 straightway, 6. 13 ; 7. 6; 8. 3 ; 
 etc. 
 
 status, 3, ui, atus [status, stand- 
 ing'\, cause to stand; stop, halt, 
 13. 14; decide, conclude, deter- 
 mine, 26. 2 ; 27. 9 ; 29. 10, etc. 
 
 statiira, ae, f., standing ; height, 
 size, stature, 64. 20. 
 
 status, us, M., position ; state, 
 condition, 63. 2. 
 
 stercus, i, m., dung, filth, 60. 12. 
 
 sterilis, e, adj., unfruitful, barren, 
 unproductive, 48. 17. 
 
 stirps, pis, f., trunk (of plants) ; 
 progeny , family, children, 40. 2. 
 
 sto, I, steti, status, stand ; take 
 position, stand still, stop, 7.17; 
 16. 25 ; 29. 12, etc. 
 
 stolidus, a, um, adj., dull, rude, 
 uncultivated, coarse', 50, 10 ; 
 52. 12; 55. 13. 
 
 strenuus, a, um, adj., brisk; ac- 
 tive, vigorous, able, 45. 21. 
 
 stringo, 3, nxi, ictus, draw tight; 
 draw, unsheathe, 10. 1 2 ; 29. 
 22 ; 30. 14, etc. 
 
 studeo, 2, ul, — , give attention ; 
 strive, apply oneself, 56. J. 
 
 studium, T, N., application ; de- 
 sire, eagerness, 35. 6 ; pi., pur- 
 suits, study, practice, 9. 6 ; 75. 9. 
 
 stultitia, ae, f. [stultus]* folly, 
 simplicity, foolishness, 55. 11. 
 
 stultus, a, um, adj., foolish, 
 simple, stupid. 
 
 stupens, entis, adj. [p. of fetupeo, 
 be stunned^, astounded, dmazed, 
 struck with astonishment^ I5- 3- 
 
 suadeo, 2, si, sus, advise, recom- 
 mend, induce, persuade, 44. 1, 
 22; 51. 16, etc. 
 suavitas, atis, f. [suavis, sweet], 
 sweetness, pleasantness, agree- 
 ableness, 48. 12. 
 sub, prep. : w. ace, under, beneath, 
 40. 7 ; towards, about, 10. 3 ; 
 22. 21 ; w. abl., under, 16. 23 ; 
 46. 23. 
 
192 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 subalaris, e, adj. [ala], under the 
 arm ; carried under the arm, 
 
 74- '7- 
 
 subdued, 3, xi, ductus, draw from 
 beneath ; lead away, lead 
 secretly, 40. nfdrawuf, beach, 
 10. 23 ; 16. 24 ; take away, re- 
 move, 74. 17; w. reflex, pron., 
 withdraw, steal away, 68. 17. 
 
 subeo, Ire, ii, itus, go under ; 
 undergo, submit to, sustain, en- 
 dure, 4. 12 J 8. II, 19, etc.; 
 take on one's shoulders, 54. 4. 
 
 subeundus,' p. of subeo. 
 
 subicio, 3, ieci, iectus [iacia], 
 throw under; place under, 
 
 24. 15. 
 
 subigo, 3, egi, actus [ag5], drive 
 under i put down, overcome, 
 conquer, subdue, 44. 15; 59. 
 26. 
 
 subito, adv. [subitus], coming on 
 suddenly ; of a sudden, sud- 
 denly, 4. 23 ; 10. 3 J 12. 6, etc. 
 
 subitus, a, um, adj., that comes 
 unexpectedly ; sudden, 3. 6. 
 
 sublatus. See toUo. 
 
 sublevo, I, lift from beneath; 
 raise, lift, support, 7. 4. 
 
 sublicius, a, um, adj. [sublica, 
 pile^, of piles ; pons, the Pile 
 Bridge (across the Tiber), 42. 4. 
 
 sublimis, e, adj., uplifted ; into 
 the air, aloft, on high, 42. 13. 
 
 SUbmeigO, 3, si, sus, dip under ; 
 sink, overwhelm, submerge, 
 
 25. 15. 
 
 suboles, is, r., shoot ; offspring, 
 progeny, children, 33. 3. Cf. 
 stirps, 40. 2. 
 
 sublideo, i., si, — , laugh slightly; 
 smile, 51. 21. 
 
 subsequor, 3, ciitus, follow up; 
 follow on, come after, 62. 3. 
 
 subsidium, i, n., that sitting 
 aside; reserve, help, w. com- 
 paro, make provision, provide, 
 4. 15. 
 
 subsilio, 4, uT, — , leap up, 51. 3. 
 
 subsisto, 3', stiti, — , take a stand; 
 remain, stay, 64. 3. 
 
 substituo, 3, ui, utus [statuo], 
 place under ; put in place of, 
 place instead, ji. 24. 
 
 subsum, esse, — , be under ; be 
 at hand, be near, 66. 13. 
 
 subter, prep. w. ace, underneath, 
 below, under, 52. 2. 
 
 subvenio, 4, veni, ventus, come 
 up ; come to help, aid, assist, 
 succor, 55. 18. 
 
 subvolo, I, — , — ,ffy up, 5^, 6. 
 
 succedo, 3, cessi, cessus, go be- 
 low ; follow, succeed, 36. 23. 
 
 succendo, 3, ndi, census, kindle be- 
 neath ; set on fire, fire, 74. 14. 
 
 successus, (us), M. [succedo], 
 coming up; success, goodness, 
 62. 18. 
 
 siicus, i, M., juice, sap, 8. 25. 
 
 sufficio, 3, feci, fectus [facio], 
 make or put under ; be adequate 
 or enough, suffice, 34. 16. 
 
 sufiigo, 3, — , fixus, fasten be- 
 neath, attach; crucibus, cru- 
 cify, 59. 10. 
 
 suffragor, 1, — , vote for, support, 
 favor, 69. 25. 
 
 sui, gen., reflex, pron., himself, 
 herself, itself, etc., 2. 18 ; 3. 
 14; 4- 14. etc. 
 
 Sulla, ae, m., L. Cornelius Sulla, 
 [B.C. 138-78], Roman Dictator 
 58- 3- 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 193 
 
 sum, esse, fui, futurus, be, 2. i, 
 J 2, 13, etc. 
 
 summus, a, um, adj., superl. 
 [for supimus, superus], highest, 
 greatest, supreme, very great or 
 high, 3. 22 ; 6. II ; 8. l6, etc.; 
 excellent, 66. 5 ; deepest, 5. 1 1 ; 
 summa vi, with might and 
 main, 7. 23 ; summis viribus, 
 with all one's strength, 12. 23; 
 as noun, F. (sc. res), highest 
 place, leadership, supremacy, 
 44. 25. 
 
 sumo, 3, mpsT, mptus [for subi- 
 mo], take up ; undertake, enter 
 upon, begin, 35. 11 ; inflict, 
 30. 22. 
 
 sumptuarius, a, um, adj. 
 [sumptus, expense^ of expense, 
 sumptuary, 63. 8. 
 
 super, adv., above, 33. 7 ; 39. 17 ; 
 w. sum, be left, remain, 72. 10. 
 
 super, prep. w. ace, over, above, 
 upon, on, 38. 20 ; 39. 17 ; 42. 
 II, etc. 
 
 superbe, adv. [superbus], arro- 
 gantly, proudly, haughtily, 41. . 
 21 ; 53. 10. 
 
 superbia, ae, f. [superbus], 
 proudness ; haughtiness, arro- 
 gance, insolence, 53. 7. 
 
 superbio, 4, — , — [superbus], 
 be haughty ; plume oneself, take 
 pride, 50. 11. 
 
 superbus, a, um, adj., haughty. 
 
 Superbus. See Tarquinius. 
 
 superior, ius, adj., comp. of 
 supSrus, high ; upper, higher, 
 44. 10; superior, stronger, 61. 
 'S; 69. S ; former, jo. 16. 
 
 supero, I [super'], be above ; out- 
 do, surpass, be superior to, 75. 
 
 8 ; get the better of, overwhelm, 
 60. 26; 74. 15. 
 
 supersum, esse, fui, be over ; sur- 
 vive, be left, remain, 39. g; 
 43- 10. 
 
 superus, a, um, adj. [super], 
 upper ; Mare Superum, upper 
 sea, i.e., the Adriatic, 63. 15. 
 
 supervenio, 4, veni, ventus, come 
 in addition ; come upon the 
 scene, appear, arrive, 34. 7. 
 
 suppedito, I, freq. [pes], give in 
 abttndance, furnish bountifully, 
 supply freely, 72. 9. 
 
 supplicium, T, n., (supplex, suppli- 
 ant), a kneeling down ; punish- 
 ment, penalty, 6. 6, 8; 24. 3, etc. 
 
 suppono, 3,posui, positus,/»/fe- 
 low; place under, apply, 14. 25. 
 
 supra, adv. [for supera parte], 
 on the upper side ; above, before, 
 beyond, 11. 16; 13. 7; 22. 14, 
 etc. 
 
 supremus, a, um, adj., superl. of 
 superus, high ; highest ; last, 
 latest, supreme, 14. 8; 74. 28. 
 
 Susamithres, ae, m., a Persian 
 noble, 74. 9. 
 
 suscipio, 3, cepi, ceptus [capis], 
 take under ; take upon oneself, 
 undertake, begin, 3. 16; 6. 24; 
 8. 9, etc. 
 
 suspends, 3, di, pensus, hang up ; 
 hang, suspend, 11. 12; 57. 3. 
 
 suspicio, 3, spexi, spectus, look 
 up ; look at secretly, mistrust, 
 suspect, 61. 13. 
 
 suspicor, \, mistrust, suspect, 16. 
 8 ; 24. 17 ; 25. 4, etc. 
 
 sustento, i, freq. [sustineo], hold 
 up ; support, sustain, 53. 11. 
 
 sustineo, 2, ui, tentus [teneo]. 
 
194 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 hold under; support, sustain, 
 bear the weight of, 39. 12. 
 
 sustuli. See toUo. 
 
 suus, a, um, poss. adj. [sui], of 
 him, her, etc., 2. 4, 15; 6. 7, 
 etc. ; as noun, M., his men, his 
 friends, 46. 4 ; 6g. 11. 
 
 Symplegades, um, f., dashing 
 together ; the Symplegades, 
 dangerous rocks on the Euxine 
 Pontus, 7. 9. 
 
 Syracusani, orum, m., Syracu- 
 sans, the people of Syracuse in 
 Sicily, 67. 4. 
 
 tacitus, a, um, adj. [p. of taceo, 
 
 be silent^, without speaking, 
 
 meditating, silent, 14. 6. 
 taenia, ae, F., band, ribbon, fillet, 
 
 70. 26. 
 talentum, I, n., talent (about 
 
 $1200), 59. 3; 73. 15. 
 talis, e, adj., of such a hind, such, 
 
 g. 20; 16. 6; 22. 23, etc. 
 tarn, adv., in such a degree ; so 
 
 nttich, so very, so, 21. 12 j 44. 
 
 6 ; 52. 7, etc. 
 tamen, adv., notwithstanding, 
 
 nevertheless, however, yet, for 
 
 all that, 2. 6, ir, 13, etc. 
 tamquam, adv., as much as ; as 
 
 if, just as if, 50. 7. 
 Tanaqull, His, f., wife of Tar- 
 
 quinius Priscus, 42. 13. 
 tandem, adv. [tam], at length, at 
 
 last, finally, 5. 26 ; 8. 7 j 13. 
 
 22, etc. 
 
 tango, 3, tetigi, tactus, touch, 
 
 strike, 28. 17 ; 29. 22 j 30. 9. 
 tanto opere, adv., so earnestly, so 
 
 much, so greatly, 58. 15. 
 tantum, adv. [tantus], so much, 
 
 10. 26 ; only, merely, 7. 20 ; 
 
 20. 10 ; 26. 6. 
 tantus, a, um, adj., of such size ; 
 
 so great, such, i,. 7,16: 4. :, 
 
 23, etc. 
 
 tarditas, atis [tardus, 5low\, 
 slowness, heaviness, 48. 7. 
 
 tardo, I [tardus, slow'], make 
 slow, check, stay, prevent, 64. 
 
 IS- 
 Xarpeia, ae, f., a Roman girl 
 
 who betrayed the citadel to the 
 
 Sabines, 35. I2. 
 Tarquinii, drum, m., a. town in 
 
 Etruria, 42, 8. 
 Tarquinius, i, m., an early 
 
 Roman name ; Priscus, 42. 8 ; 
 
 Superbus, 45. 20; Sextus, 46. 
 
 14; Collatinus, t,t. 13. 
 Tatius, I, M., Titus Tatius, leader 
 
 of the Sabines against the 
 
 Romans, 35. 14. 
 taunis, I, M., bull, 8. 13 ; 9. 10, 
 
 II, etc. 
 tectum, i, n., covering thing; 
 
 roof, top, 48. I, 2. 
 tego, 3, texi, tectus, cover ; cover 
 
 over, conceal. 
 telum, 1, N., shaft; dart, spear, 
 
 javelin, weapon, 13. 3 ; 36. 3; 
 
 43. 19, etc. 
 temere, adv., by chance; rashly, 
 
 thoughtlessly, indiscreetly, 21 . 
 
 16; 56.8. 
 tempestas, atis, F. [tempus], 
 
 portion of time ; time, period, 
 
 42. 25; weather, 4. 16; 5. 10 ; 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 195 
 
 II. 6, etc.; storm, tempest, 4. 5, 
 
 23 ; 18. 14, etc. 
 templum, 1, N., open place for ob- 
 servation ; temple, shrine, 59. 
 
 22. 
 tempus, oris, N., section; time, 
 
 hour, season, moment, 2. 15; 
 
 3. 9 ; 4. 2, etc.; opportunity, 
 
 chance, 66. 12; 69. 12; pi., 
 
 time, season, date, 34. 6 ; occa- 
 sion, 66. 10. 
 tends, 3, tetendt, tentus or ten- 
 
 sus, stretch, hold out, 61. 6; 
 
 spread, lay, 62. 16. 
 tene5, 2, ul, — , hold ; keep, hold, 
 
 7. iS ; 34. 7 ; 56. 9, etc.; keep 
 
 to, hold, follow, 4. 24 ; 6. I ; 
 
 18. 1 5, etc. ; hold back, restraitt, 
 
 28. 2 ; memoria, remember, 11. 
 
 I ; 27. 12. 
 tenuis, e, adj., drawn out ; thin, 
 
 light, 29. 26. 
 tergum, i, n., back, ig. 16; 24. 
 
 9, 18, etc.; a tergo, in the rear, 
 
 40. 16. 
 terni, ae, a, distrib. adj. [ter, 
 
 thrice^ three each ; three on a 
 
 side, 38. 16. 
 terra, ae, F., dry thing ; ground, 
 
 land, country, 5. 16; 6. 3 ; 8. 
 
 3. etc. 
 terreo, 2, uI, itus, alarm, frighten, 
 
 strike with terror, 40. 17 ; 
 
 64. 2. 
 
 terrestris, e, adj. [terra], of the 
 
 earth ; on land, land-, 70. 3. 
 terribilis, e, ^6.].,frightftd, dread, 
 
 terrible, 11. 15 ; 20. 6 ; 23. 17, 
 
 etc. 
 territo, i, — , — , freq. [terreo], 
 
 put in terror ; frighten, alarm, 
 
 terrify, 50. 6. 
 
 terror, oris, u., frightening ; ter- 
 ror, alarm, 20. 17 ; 21. 9 ; 42. 
 2, etc. 
 
 tertio, adv. [tertius],/tf>- the third 
 time, 49. 12. 
 
 tertium, adv. [tertius], for the 
 third time, 23. 4. 
 
 tertius, a, urn, num. adj. [ter, 
 thricel, third, 31. 24; 39. 8; 
 54. 19, etc. 
 
 testatior, ius, adj., comp. of tes- 
 tatus [p. of testor], manifest, 
 evident, published, 68. 2i. 
 
 testis, is, M. and F., witness. 
 
 testor, I \\.&sfi\&\, cause to testify ; 
 bear witness, attest, 60. 17. 
 
 texo, 3, xui, xtus, weave, 53. 
 II. 
 
 Thebae, arum, f., the greatest 
 city of Boeotia, 68. 18. 
 
 Theopompus, T, m., a Greek his- 
 torian of Chios, 75. 3. 
 
 Xheramenes, is, m., an Athenian 
 general, 6g. 25. 
 
 Theseus, ei, m., a mythical king 
 of Athens, 4. 10. 
 
 Thessalia, ae, f., a country in the 
 northeastern part of Greece, 
 2. I. 
 
 Thracia, ae, f., a country, north- 
 east of Greece, 6. i. 
 
 Tbrax, acis, adj., Thracian, 72. 
 
 IS- 
 Thrasybulus, 1, m., a famous 
 
 Athenian general, 69. 23. 
 Thucydides, is, m., a celebrated 
 
 Greek historian [B.C. 472-403], 
 
 75- 2- _ 
 Thurii, orum, M., a city of Lu- 
 
 cania, in Italy, 68. 13. 
 Tiberis, is, m., the river Tiber, 
 
 33- 7- 
 
196 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 tigillum, i, N., dim. [tignum, tim- 
 
 ber\ small beam, bar, 40. 7, 8. 
 
 Timaeus, i, m., a Greek historian, 
 
 75- 3- 
 timeo, 2, ui, — , fear, be afraid, 
 
 dread, 11. 3; 49. 11; 62. 10, 
 
 etc. 
 timidus, a, um, adj., prone to 
 
 fear; fearful, afraid, faint- 
 hearted, 48. 4; 51. 17. 
 timor, oris, M., fearing ; fear, 
 
 dread, alarm, 3. 6 ; 12. 11 ; 27. 
 
 24, etc. 
 tingo, 3, nxl, inctus, wet; dye, 
 
 color, tinge, 16. 5. 
 tintinnabulum, i, n. [tintinno, 
 
 «;/f], means of ringing ; bell, 
 
 51. 12, 14. 
 Tissaphernes, is, m., a Persian, 
 
 satrap of Lydia and Caria, fig. 
 
 titulus, T, M., superscription ; in- 
 scription, placard, notice, 62. 
 24. 
 
 Titus, i, M., see Tatius, 35. 14. 
 
 toga, ae, f., covering ; cloak, toga, 
 64. II, 16. 
 
 toI15, 3, sustull, sublatus, lift, 
 raise, 35. 29; 53. 18; carry 
 away, bear aloft, 42. 1 1 ; «/ up, 
 raise, 23. 17, 23; pick up, 51. 
 7; of anchors, weigh, 5. 12; 
 7. 16; 12. 15, etc.; w. animos, 
 raise one's spirits, become em- 
 boldened, 41.9; take away, make 
 away with, remove, 12. 11 ; 54. 
 18; 63.4; 74. I. 
 
 tonitnis, iis, m. [ton5, thunder'], 
 thundering, thunder, 36. 14. 
 
 totus, a, um, adj., swollen ; entire, 
 the whole, all, 4. 5 ; 9. 17, 23, 
 etc. 
 
 trabs, trabis, f., beam, timber, 55. 
 
 7.9- 
 
 tracto, I, freq. [traho], keep draw- 
 ing, feel of, handle, 24. 10. 
 
 trado, 3, didi, ditus, hand over, 
 surrender, deliver, 8. 5 ; 7. 9, 
 etc. ; entrust, give over, 71. 11; 
 give up, abandon, 10. 2 ; hand 
 down, 33. 10; 64. 20; relate, re- 
 count, tell, 4. g; 33. 10. 
 
 tradiico, 3, xl, ductus, lead across; 
 take, transfer, remove, 41. 24. 
 
 traho, 3, axT, actus, draw, drag 
 along, 39. 1 1 ; drag, lead by 
 force, 9. II. 
 
 traicio, 3, iecT, iectus [lacis], 
 throw across ; cross, pass over, 
 go over, 34. 17; 58. 20 ; 61. 26, 
 etc. ; thrust through, pierce, 
 stab, 64. 14. 
 
 tranquillitas, atis, f. [tranquil- 
 lus], calmness ; stillness, calm, 
 quiet, 5. II. 
 
 trans, prep. w. ace, across, be- 
 yond, on the other sid( of, 60. 
 24. 
 
 transeo. Ire, it, itus, go across, 
 cross, 3. 2 ; 29. 12 ; 40. 21 ; 59. 
 12, etc.; go over to, gp to, 46. 
 6 ; pass over, ascend, 36. 1 5 ; 
 pass through, 74. 21. 
 
 transfigo, 3, xT, xui), pierce 
 through ; transfix, stab to the 
 heart, 21. 16; 39. 21. Cf. 
 transfodio. 
 
 transfodio, 3, f odi, fossus, pierce 
 through; stab, run through, 
 transfix, 23. 14. 
 
 transilio, 4, ui, — , leap across, 
 jump over, 34. 19. 
 
 transmitto, 3, misl, missus, send 
 across, place or erect across, 40. 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 197 
 
 6 ; go across, cross over, 62. 3. 
 Cf. transeo. 
 
 trassporto, 1, carry over; carry, 
 convey, transport, 4. 3. 
 
 trecenti) ae, a, num. adj. [tres, 
 centum], three hundred, 63. 3. 
 
 tredecim, num. adj.,indecl. [tres, 
 decern], thirteen, 43. 7. 
 
 trepidatio, onis, F.,[trepid6], con- 
 fused hurry ; alarm, agitation, 
 consternation, 61. 8. 
 
 trepido, i [trepidus, restless'\, 
 hurry -with alarm ; be agitated, 
 tremble, be afraid, 62. 9. 
 
 tres, tria, num. 2iA\.,three, 24. 13; 
 25. 2; 36. 10, etc. 
 
 tribuo, 3, ui, utus [tribus, third 
 pdrt, division^, assign, bestow, 
 confer, give, 48. 9 ; 67. 2 ; 70. 
 18; 71. 17. 
 
 trigeminus, a, um, adj., born 
 three at a birth ; pi. M., triplet 
 brothers, triplets, 38. 10, 14. 
 
 triginta, num. adj., indecl., thirty, 
 36. II ; 38. 4; 41. 5, etc. 
 
 triremis, e, adj. [ter, thrice, re- 
 mus], with three banks of oars, 
 70. 4 ; as noun, F. (sc. navis), 
 trireme, 68. 12 ; 70. 14. 
 
 triste, adv. [tristis], sadly, seri- 
 ously, unfortunately. 
 
 tristia, ae, f. [tristis, sad^ sad- 
 ness, grief, melancholy, gloom, 
 14. 6. 
 
 triumphs, i [triumphus], cele- 
 brate a victory, triumph, 42. 
 22 ; 62. 28. 
 
 triumphus, 1, m., celebration of a 
 victory by a public entrance into 
 Rome; triumphal procession, 
 triumph, 62. 23. 
 
 Troia, ae, F., Troy, 17. i. 
 
 tu, tui, pron. of second person, 
 thou, you, 23. 7 ; 24. 1, etc. 
 
 tuba, ae, F., trumpet, war-trumpet, 
 50. 19. 
 
 tubicen, clnls, m. [tuba, cano], 
 trumpeter, 50. 17. 
 
 tueor, 2, \.xi\\x5, look at ; maintain 
 guard, defend, protect, 63. 9. 
 
 tuli. See faro. 
 
 Tullia, ae, f., daughter of Ser- 
 vius Tullius, 45. 9. 
 
 XuUius, I, M., see Servius, 43. 
 21. 
 
 TuUus, I, M., Tullus Hostilius, 
 third king of Rome, 38. 5. 
 
 turn, adv., then, at that time, in 
 those days, 4. 14; 6. 5 ; 7. 17, 
 etc. ; cum . . . tum, not only . . . 
 but also, 72. 2. 
 
 tumultuor,'! [tumultus], make a 
 disturbance, be noisy, 43. 13. 
 
 tumultus, us, M., swelling ; up- 
 roar, confusion, commotion, 45. 
 
 15- 
 
 tunc, adv. [tum], at that very 
 time ; at that time, then, 33. 7 ; 
 35. 29; 41. 2, etc. 
 
 turba, ae, f., a crowding ; com- 
 motion, disturbance, 45. 15. 
 
 turbd, inis, m. [turba], that which 
 whirls ; whirlwind, hurricane, 
 26. 22. 
 
 tutela, ae, F., watching; protec- 
 tion, defence, 34. 16. 
 
 tiitOT, oris, M., watcher; guardian, 
 tutor, 42. 19. 
 
 tutus, a, um, adj. [p. of tueor, 
 watch^ guarded; safe, secure, 
 12. 16; 25. S; 49- 3> etc. 
 
 tuus, it, um, adj. [tu], thy, thine, 
 your, 25. 10 ; 29. 16 ; 48. 6, 
 etc. 
 
198 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 tyrannis, idis, f., sway of a ty- 
 rant ; despotic power, absolute 
 control, 71. 22. 
 
 tyrannus, i, m., monarch ; despot, 
 tyrant, one of the " Thirty" 
 73. 26. 
 
 u 
 
 uber, eris, N., udder, breast, teats, 
 
 33- i>- 
 ubi, adv., in which place ; where, 
 
 9. 17, 21 ; 10. 23, etc.; when, 
 
 2. 6; 5. 26; 6. 24, etc. 
 ulciscor, 3, ultus, avenge oneself 
 
 on, take vengeance on, punish, 
 _ 16. 3- 
 
 Ulixes, 1 ot ei, m., Ulysses, 18.. 5. 
 ullus, a, urn, adj. [for unulus, 
 
 unus], any one, any, 21. 7 j 46. 
 
 II; 60. 7. 
 ultimus, a, um, adj., superl., last, 
 
 latest, 23. 8; 24. 21 ; 64. 5. 
 ultra, prep. w. ace, on the other 
 
 side; beyond, past, 65. i. 
 umbra, ae, f., shade, shadow, 16. 
 
 23- 
 
 umerus, I, m., upper arm, shoul- 
 der, 39. 17; 64. II. 
 
 umquam, adv., at any time, ever 
 (usu. w. neg.), 7. 6 ; 14. 20. 
 
 una, adv. [unus], in the same 
 place; at the same time, together, 
 
 53- 9- 
 unde, adv., from which place ; 
 
 from which, whence, hence, 5. 
 
 I ; 13- 23; 25. 14, etc.; where, 
 
 to the side on which, 38. 12. 
 undecim, num. adj., indecl. [unus, 
 
 decern], eleven, 37. 12. 
 undique, adv. [unde], from all 
 
 parts, 2. 25 ; 4. 8; 10. 10, etc.; 
 
 all around, everywhere, on all 
 
 sides, 64. 16. 
 
 unguentum, 1, n. [unguo], oint- 
 ment, salve, 8. 25 ; g. 2 ; 31. 3. 
 
 unguo, 3, unxl, unctus, smear, 
 rub, anoint, 31. 4. 
 
 universus, a, um, adj. [unus, 
 versus], all together, all, every- 
 body, 31. 9 ; 70. 12. 
 
 unus, <t, um, adj., one, 2. 21 ; 15. 
 22 ; 20. 10, etc.; alone, 64. 27; 
 
 75- S- 
 
 unusquisque or unus quisque, 
 uniuscuiusque, ^xon.,every sin- 
 gle one, each one, 56, 17. 
 
 urbanus, a, um, adj. [urbs], of 
 the city, cultivated; witty, face- 
 tious, humorous, 60. 16. 
 
 urbs, urbis, f., walled town, city, 
 
 2. 8 ; 8. 23 ; 13. 8, etc. 
 
 uro, 3, ussi, ustus, burn, consume, 
 
 16. 7. 
 usque, adv., all the way ; even, 
 
 as far as, 63. 16. 
 usurpo, I [usus], seize for use ; 
 
 make use of, adopt, enjoy, 64. 
 
 24. ^ 
 usus, us, M., use, service, value ; 
 
 pred. dat. w. sum, be of use, 3. 
 
 21 ; 31. 23; usu venio, come to 
 
 pass, really happen, 68. 19; 
 
 70. 25. 
 ut (uti), conj. w. subj., that, in 
 
 order that, so that, 2. 20, 22 ; 
 
 3. 1 2, etc. ; w. indie, as, when, 
 10. 4; II. 16; 13. 7, etc. 
 
 liter, utris, M., bag of hide, leather 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 199 
 
 bagt 65. 6 ; leather bottle, skin 
 (of wine), 22. 22. 
 
 liter, tra, trum, interrog. pron., 
 which of two? which? 27. 19; 
 34. 12. 
 
 uterque, utraque, utrumque, 
 pron., one and the other ; each, 
 both, 43. 15; 64. II. 
 
 utilis, e, adj. [utor], of use; use- 
 ful, suitable, beneficial, good, 37. 
 22; superl., most expedient, ad- 
 visable, wise, 68. 1 5. 
 
 tttilitas, atis, f. [utilis], use ; ad- 
 vantage, profit, benefit, welfare, 
 68. 27. 
 
 iitor, 3, iisus, use, employ, make 
 use of, 4.4; 15. 13; 70. 10. 
 
 utrimque, adv. [uterque], on 
 both sides, one on each side, 7. 
 
 _ 21,; 38. IS- 
 
 iiva, ae, y., grape, cluster of grapes, 
 
 51.3- 
 uxor, oris, F., wife, 15. 24; 18. 
 12; 34. 24, etc. 
 
 vagitus (us), M. [vagio, cry\, cry- 
 ing, screaming, cries, 33. 10. 
 
 valde, adv. [for valide], strongly ; 
 very much, exceedingly. 
 
 valeo, 2, ui, itiirus, be strong, 14. 
 18 ; 54. 11; 66. 8, etc. ; have 
 power, avail, succeed, g. 13 ; 
 15. 4; ag. 21, etc. 
 
 validus, a, um, adj., strong, 
 sound, stout, 56. 2. 
 
 vallum, 1, N. [vallus, palisadel, 
 line of palisades ; wall, ram- 
 part, 34. 16. 
 
 vanus, a, um, adj., containing 
 nothing; empty, idle, ground- 
 less, 62. 21. 
 
 varius, a, um, adj., of different 
 colors ; different, diverse, vari- 
 ous, 16. 4. 
 
 vas, vasis, N., pi. vasa, orum, 
 vessel, dish, ittensil, 14. 24; is. 
 I, 7, etc. 
 
 vastus, a, um, adj., hollow, 
 empty; vast, boundless, im- 
 mense, 25. 20 I 33. 9. 
 
 vectigal, alis, n., payment to the 
 
 state; revenue, tax, tribute, 
 73. 16. 
 
 vegetus, it, um, adj., enlivened ; 
 bright, animated, spirited, ac- 
 tive, 64. 21. 
 
 vehementer, adv. [vehemens, 
 eager\ strongly, vigorously, 
 roughly, 25. 1 1 ; 31. 27 ; eagerly, 
 earnestly, 22. i. 
 
 vehO| 3, vexi, vectus, foar, 62. 
 10; pass., be borne, ride, drive, 
 16. 21; 45. 13; sail, 4. 19; 
 12. 24; 18. 16, etc. 
 
 Veientes, ium, m., the people of 
 Veii, in Etruria, 40. 12. 
 
 vel, conj. [old imper. of vol5], 
 choose ; or ; veL. . . vel, either 
 . . . or, 6s. S, 6; 66. 4; 67. i. 
 
 vellet. See volo. 
 
 vellus, eris, N., wool ; pelt, fleece, 
 3, 10, 12 ; 8. 4, etc. 
 
 velo, I [velum veil], veil, cover,' 
 41. 14. 
 
 velut or veluti, adv., in a com- 
 parison, as if, just as, 26. 21 ; 
 33-12; 37. 27, etc. 
 
200 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 venatio, onis, f. [venor], hunting, 
 
 chase, g. 5 ; 59. 28. 
 venenum, 1, n., poison, magic 
 
 drug, II. 18, 20 ; ig. 5, etc. 
 veneratio, onis, F. [veneror, 
 
 reverence], profound respect, 
 
 reverence, 59. i. 
 venia, ae, f., desire ; forgiveness, 
 
 pardon, 58. 11. 
 venio, 4, veni, ventus, come, 
 
 arrive, 2. 18, 20, 25, etc. See 
 
 also usus. 
 venor, i, hunt, 33. 16 ; 75. 16. 
 venter, tris, m., belly, 24. ij. 
 ventus, i, m., wind, 7. 16; 25. 
 
 21 ; 26. 5, etc. 
 venum, i, n., usually ace, that 
 
 which is for sale, sale ; w. do, 
 
 sell, 47. 2. 
 verbum, i, n., that which is 
 
 spoken; word, 30. 9, 12; 34. 
 
 18, etc. ; saying, 64. 27 ; w. 
 
 faci5, speak, 71. i. 
 vere, adv. [verus], according to 
 
 truth ; truly, rightly, 72. 18. 
 vereor, 2, itus, respect ; fear, be 
 
 afraid, 2. 15 ; 19. 4; 24. 23. 
 vero, adv. [verus], in truth, in- 
 deed, however, but, 22. 14 ; 27. 
 
 3; 34. 24, etc. 
 verso, I, freq. [vert5], turn often; 
 
 pass., be engaged, be, 19. 4 ; 
 
 28. 24. 
 versus, us, m., line, row; line, 
 
 verse, 59. 18. 
 verto, 3, tl, sus, turn ; turn back, 
 
 direct, 20. 7. 
 verum, adv. [verus], truly; but 
 
 in truth, but, 36. 6. 
 verus, a, um, adj., true ; re vera, 
 
 in very truth, in fact, actually, 
 
 2. n; 15. 14; 55- i?- 
 
 vescor, 3, — , use as food, feed 
 upon, eat, enjoy ; w. abl., 19, 2 ; 
 49. 6. 
 
 vesper, eri or eris, m., evening 
 star; evening, 10. 3; 19. 3 j 
 22. 21. 
 
 Vesta, ae, f., daughter of Saturn 
 and Ops, goddess of flocks and 
 of the household, 33. 4. 
 
 vester, tra, trum, poss. adj., 
 your, 14. 16; 15. 5; 72. 26, 
 etc. 
 
 vestibulum, I, n., enclosed space 
 before a house ; entrance court, 
 vestibule, 43. 13. 
 
 vestigium, I, n., bottom, of the 
 foot; trail, track, step, foot- 
 print, 5. 25. 
 
 vestimentura, I, n. [vestis], cloth- 
 ing, garment, 74. 20. 
 
 vestis, is, f., covering (for the 
 body) ; clothing, vesture, robe, 
 16. 4, 6, 7, etc. 
 
 vetus, eris, adj., old, aged. 
 
 via, ae, f., way, road, street, 28. 
 25; 40. 6; 51. 6, eXc; path, 
 line, 7. 18; 49. 15; way, dis- 
 tance, 53. 19 ; w. capiS, make 
 way, go, II. 10 ; journey, voy- 
 age, march, 29. 7; 53-19; 
 65- 3- 
 
 vicinitas, atis, f. [viclnus], near- 
 ness ; neighborhood, vicinity, 
 region, 74. 11. 
 
 viclnus, a, um, adj. [vtcus], 
 of the tteighborhood ; neighbor- 
 ing, near, 34. 25 ; as noun, M., 
 neighbor, 55. 18. 
 
 victor, oris, m., he who conquers; 
 victor, conqueror, 34. 15; 62. 
 26 ; 70. I, etc. 
 
 victoria, ae, f., conquering; vie- 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 201 
 
 tory, triumph, 38. 12 ; 39. 10; 
 
 44. 7, etc. 
 
 vlctus, us, M., sustenance, nourish- 
 ment, food, 18. 24 ; manner of 
 living, private life, 66. 11 ; 
 
 7S- 14- 
 vicus, 1, M., row of dwellings ; 
 quarter, district, part of a city, 
 
 45. 17 ; village, hamlet, 19. 6; 
 
 59- 13- 
 videlicet, adv. [videre licet], one 
 
 may see; to wit, of course, 
 
 namely, 35. 17. 
 video, 2, vidl, visus, see, perceive, 
 
 look at, behold, 3. 6; g. 8, 20, 
 
 etc. ; pass., seem, appear, 34. 
 
 16; 39. 25; 63. 26, etc. 
 viduus, a, um, adj., bereft, de. 
 
 prived of; w. mulier, widow, 
 
 53- "• 
 vigeo, 2, ui, — ■ be lively; be 
 
 strong, thrive, flourish, be 
 
 honored, 70. 2. 
 vigilia, ae, f. [vigil, awake'\, 
 
 a watching ; watch, guard, 12. 
 
 IS- 
 vigintl, num. adj., indecl., twenty, 
 
 27. 20; 59. 2 ; 64. 17. 
 villa, ae, F., country house, villa, 
 
 farm, 28. 4 ; 29. 8. 
 vimen, inis, N., pliant twig; 
 
 withe, osier, 24. 14. 
 Viminalis, e, adj. [vimen], of 
 
 osiers; Viminal Hill (in 
 
 Rome), 44. 15. 
 vincio, 4, nxl, nctus, tie ; bind, 
 
 fetter, 19. 16. 
 vinclum. See vinculum, 
 vinco, 3, vJci, victus, conqtier, 
 
 overcome, defeat, vanquish, 35. 
 
 27; 40. 17; 61. 8, etc. ; sur- 
 pass, outdo, 73. 15. 
 
 vinculum or vinclum, I, n. [vin- 
 cio], binding thing ; p\., fetters, 
 chains, so prison, 25. 22 ; 
 33- 6. 
 
 vindico, i [vindex, defender'], 
 claim as one's own, demand, 
 appropriate, 54. 19; avenge, re- 
 quite, punish, overtake, 35. 20 ; 
 61. 19. 
 
 vinum, i, n., wine, 19. 8; 22. 22, 
 24, etc. 
 
 violentus, a, um, adj. [vis], full 
 of force ; impetuous, violent, 
 fierce, 45. 7. 
 
 violo, I [vis], treat lOith violence ; 
 abuse, outrage, 59. 19, 20 ; 74. 
 8 ; dishonor, pollute, insult, 
 68. 8. 
 
 vir, i, M., male person; man, 
 hero, 9. 21, 24; 10. z, etc.; 
 husband, 36. 4; 42. 15; 46. 
 24. 
 
 virga, ae, f., slender green 
 branch; rod, stick, 52. 19. 
 
 virgO, inis, f., young girl, virgin, 
 maiden, 6. 9; 35. 9, 10, etc. 
 
 virgula, ae, f., dim. [virga], little 
 twig, small rod, 52. 17. 
 
 virtus, utis, f. [vir], manhood ; 
 strength, valor, courage, bra- 
 very, 6. 18 ; 18. 5; 24. 13, etc.; 
 virtue, good quality, 66. 4. 
 
 vis, (vis), F., strength, power, 
 powers, might, 9. 1, 5; 15. 
 I ; 16. 6, etc. ; force, strength, 
 violence, 2. 16; 4. S; 5- 22, 
 etc. ; quantity, number, crowd, 
 34. 23 ; attack, outbreak, 67. 
 13 ; w. summa or summis, 
 with might and main, with 
 all one's might, 7. 23 ; 12. 
 
 23- 
 
202 VOCABULARY. 
 
 vis. See volo. crowd ; generally, commonly, 
 
 viso, 3, si, sus, freq. [video], look 36. 15; 70. 26. 
 
 at attentively ; see, view, behold, volgus, 1, N., mass, multitude, 
 
 ■JO. 13. people, crowd, 70. 14; 7a. 11 ; 
 
 visus, us, M. [video], a looking; 73. 1. 
 
 sight, vision, 29. 25; 43. 25; volito, i, freq. [volo], keep fly- 
 
 64. 2; appearance, seeming, ing ; fly about, flutter, \i. \2 ; 
 
 43. 23. hasten, 61. 2. 
 
 vita, ae, F., /«/(?, g. 5; 14. 10; volnero, i [volnus], wound, in- 
 
 16. \:i,eXQ..; public life, 66. 11 j jure, hurt, 23. 24; 24. I; 38. 
 
 75. 8. 21, etc. 
 
 vitis, is, F., »/«!?, grapevine, volnus, eris, N., wound, injury, 
 
 51. 3. hurt, 10. 14; 39. 11; 43. 19, 
 
 vitium, 1, N., fault, failing, de- etc. 
 
 feet, vice, 57. 2 ; 66. 4. VOlo, velle, volut, — , be willing; 
 
 vito, 1, shun, avoid, 54. 13; will, wish, determine, 3. 14; 
 
 seek to escape, avoid, escape, 8. 12; 10. 11, Qtc. 
 
 7. 10. volo, I, avi, aturus, fly, speed, 7. 
 
 vividus, a., urn, adj., full of life, 19 ; 36. 3. 
 
 animated. volpecula, ae, F., dim. [volpes], 
 
 vivo, 3, vixi, — , be alive, 14. 9 ; little fox, 54. 6. 
 
 live, dwell, reside, 3. i ; 74. 24; volpes, is, F., fox, 49. 9 ; 51. 3 J 
 
 75. 16. 54. 10, etc. ? 
 
 vivus, a, um, adj., o/jW, living, voltur, uris, M., vulture, 34. 
 
 53. 2; 56. lo; 74. 7, etc.; of 14. 
 
 water, running, 45. i. voltus, us, M., expression of the 
 
 vix, adv., with effort; hardly, face ; features, looks, mien, ■i^. 
 
 scarcely, barely, 16. 11; 28. I, 2; countenance, face, eyes, 63. 
 
 23, etc. 22. 
 
 vociferS, i, — , atus [vox], cry volucer, cris, ere, adj., winged; 
 
 out, cry aloud, shout, bawl, 43. as noun, F. (sc. avis), flying 
 
 15. . creature, bird, 6. 10; 7. 2. 
 
 voclto, I, freq. [voc5], be wont to voluntas, atis, F. [v6l5], will, 
 
 call, call habitually, name, 67. wishes. 
 
 10. voluptas, atis, F., satisfaction, en- 
 
 VOCO, I, speak ; call, name, call joyment, pleasure, 23. 3. 
 
 by the name of, 34. 15; call, vos, pi. of tu, you, 14. 22 ; 15. 
 
 summon, 6. 20 ; 43. 14. 5, 6. 
 
 Volcanus, i, m., Vulcan, god of votum, 1, N. [p. of vove5], 
 
 fire, 20. 15. promise to a god ; wish, prayer, 
 
 volgo, adv. [volgus], among the 54. 2. 
 
VOCABULARY. 203 
 
 VOveo, 2, vovi, votus, vow, out; voice, word, 20. 24; 21. 
 
 fledge, promise, 35. 29. 10 ; 25. 9, etc. 
 
 vox, vocis, F., that which calls 
 
 Zephyrus, i, m., Zephyr, a gentle Zetes, ae, m., an Argonaut, son 
 west wind, 26. 6. of the North Wind, 7. 3. 
 
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