FINE 
 
 AM 
 
 101 
 
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 1906 
 
 M 
 
CORNELL 
 
 UNIVERSITY 
 
 LIBRARY 
 
 FINE ARTS LIBRARY 
 
DESIGN FOR IegYPTIAN PORTAL OF THE 
 
 Saratoga Galleries of History and Art 
 
 [See 4th page of Cover] 
 
 MQLQiinPJOflQBiQJ 
 
 Franklin Webster Smith, Architect 
 
 Copyright 1906 by Franklin Webster Smith 
 

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CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRAU1[, 
 
 I 3 1924 101 884 579^ 
 
 In Promotion of General Intelligence. 
 
 A Proposition for Establishment at SaraWa Springs 
 
 GALLERtfS OF HISTORY AND ART: 
 
 Additional to the 
 
 PoMPEiAN House of Pansa: 
 
 Unequalled in Grandeur, Beauty, and Novelty, 
 While Educational and Entertaining- 
 
 "Education is the most essential interest of tlie State." 
 
 Wendell Phillips. 
 
 "For knowledges are as pyramids whereof History is the base." 
 
 Bacon, Advancement of Learning. 
 
 "The wish to know — the thirst which even by quenching is awaked." 
 
 Moore. 
 
 " I believe that the average intellectuality of Americans is on the 
 decline." 
 
 President Butler^ of Columbia University. 
 
 fi®°This opinion at first mention will meet dissent. Nevertheless, figures 
 and facts sustain it : 
 
 \, Withdrawals of books from the Washington Public Library have reached 
 83 per cent of Fiction. 
 
 2. The recent enormous development of SPORT. It covers two broadsides 
 of leading papers daily to fill popular demand. 
 
 3. The constant multiplication of popular entertainments : Theaters, 
 Athletic Contests, Circuses, etc., etc. 
 
 4. The Increase of Luxury. It "means Insanity, Degeneracy, and Decay; 
 "National Manhood being Sapped by Excesses of the People; Crowded Mad- 
 " houses due to Inability to Stand Prosperity." (See Addenda No. i, paper of 
 Dr. Charles G. Hill, physician in chief at Mt. Hope Retreat, Md., Washington 
 Times, July 21, 1906.) 
 

PROPOSED 
 SARATOdivGALLERIES OF HISTORY AND ArT 
 
 To be under exclusive ownership of the State of New York and administration 
 
 OF THE Regents of the University of the State of 
 New York, viz: 
 
 Chancellor : 
 
 Hon. Whitelaw Rcid, New Yoffc. 
 
 Daniel Beacli, Watkins. 
 
 Pliny T. SeVton, Palmyra. 
 
 T. Guilford S^MtH, Buffalo. 
 
 Albert Vander-detr, Albany. 
 
 William Nottinamm, Syracuse. 
 
 Charles A. Garynerj^New York City. 
 
 Charles S. Frar 
 
 Edward Lautepach, ftTew York City. 
 
 Eugfene Philbin, New York City. 
 
 Andrew S. Draper — State Commissioner of Education, Albany. 
 
 FIRST. — They are to add progressive facilities and stimulating material to 
 scholarship for all Universities, Colleges, Seminaries, Schools, and the people. 
 
 SECOND.— To attract all people to their 
 
 EXHIBITIONS AND EXPOSITIONS 
 
 by novel, fascinating and suggestive object lessons from antiquity — hu'ving no 
 counterparts in the tuorld. 
 
 At a glance of the eye they will startle, surprise and arouse admiration by 
 revelations from the past hitherto unseen or unimagined. They will waken 
 curiosity; the moving prompter to learning, by inquiry. 
 
 They will impel from superfluous riches and ample resources of States, 
 grand re-creations of stupendous wonders of Egypt, that dwarf works of the 
 modern world ; of the perfection in proportion of. parts and symmetry of forms 
 from the Art of Ancient Greece ; at whose feet have sat succeeding generations 
 in humble imitations; of the colossal constructions of 'Rome; (for instance the 
 Baths of Caracalla, just copied by architects for a Pennsylvania R. R. Station *) ; 
 of labyrinthine combinations of India in the Taj. Mahal and glories of color 
 from the Saracenic Alhambra. 
 
 a©" *See Sen. Doc. 209, 56th Cong,, ist session, part ii, p. 169. 445 pages, 
 272 illustrations; by F. W. Smith. 
 
For nine months of the scholastic year the Halls will be devoted exclusively 
 to students; collectively from the vicinity and ffom widely roondaboot, by 
 Extensive Excorsional Arrangements with Railroad and Steamboat Companies. 
 
 For three mon;ths, Summer Holidays, the 
 
 Ma^" 
 
 SARATOGA GALLERIES 
 
 will be popular for young and old — in effective combinations of social, musical, 
 artistic, intellectual and scenic entertainments ; CONTINUOUS, DAILY AND 
 EVENINGS, IN CONVENTION HALL. 
 
 These occasions will be Schools for pleasurable, unanticipated learning — 
 without the drill of a school-room or memorising from study. 
 
 Comers hither will enjoy surprises of ancient -travel, as from "Walks in 
 Rome" or "Visits to Homes in Ancient Greece." 
 
 At intervals, upon special notice, they may join a Romari Dinner in the 
 Triclinicum of the Roman House; after an offering to the Gods at the Altar of 
 the Lalarium; all the guests living, breathing and moving in costumes of the 
 TIME OF CHRIST. 
 
 Thus, later when Egyptian, Assyrian and Mediaeval Halls shall be added, 
 scenes and incidents in their veritable, original environment may be precisely 
 revived to modern observation and reflection ; as never before since their respective 
 eras ; from the time of the Mummy, 3,000 years B. C. in dead attendance, brought 
 from Egypt to be present. 
 
 Other Descriptive Details will Follow in the Programme 
 
 FOR THE Galleries 
 
 that the reader may not imagine that he is hearing reported dreams of 
 a dreamer. He will find that these apparent visions of a poet * are not 
 only proven possibilities but were delightful actualities in Washington during 
 seven years, from 1899 to 1906; witness the attested presence thereat of scores 
 of thousands ; unanimous in testimony of their astonishment and delight. 
 
 * "A Dream Revealed!" "A Vision!" "St. John's Jerusalem" Interpreted! 
 
 When Directors of the Brooklyn Institute in session had the Prospectus for National 
 Galleries before them in 1892, they voted to invite its author to lecture upon it. He was 
 afterwards gratified by jesponsive attention of a large and intelligent audience. Explana- 
 tion of the proposed construction proved to be for the Board, "A Dream Revealed!" "A 
 Vision!" "St. John's Jerusalem" Interpreted! 
 
 After resolutions of endorsement Prof. Hpoper said to Mr. Smith, the lecturer : "I 
 have a good story for you." 
 
 "When our Directors invited you to come last year (declined as you went to Egypt), 
 one said. 'I want to hear the dreamer of this beautiful dream.' Another, 'We will hear 
 this poet recite his vision.' 
 
 A third, Rev. Dr. Braislin, said: 'That picture of National Galleries, is St. John's 
 Jerusalem let down from Heaven." 
 
 "Now," said Prof. Hooper, "you have in one hour shown us that that' wondrous pile 
 is composed of one story buildings, 500 feet long, of concrete, — the cheapest and best ma- 
 terial possible." 
 
 "Their grandeur in elevation is not at vast cost (like the Louvre — piled with flamboyant 
 Statuary) — hut is had for nothing; simply bj; terracing one story galleries on the slope of 
 a hill, as were palaces of Caesars on the Palatine." 
 
 "I shall be glad to write you — that the 'St. John's Jerusalem' is precisely adapted to 
 great capacity, immense architectural effect, all at nominal cost compared with stone or 
 marble." 
 
' -V.-A^ 
 
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 •*M 
 
 POMPEiAN House 
 
 AND Solarium (Roof Gardens), Saratoga Springs 
 
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 DIAGRAM OR FLOOR PLAN OF THE POHPEIA HOUSE. 
 
 In 1890 I built in Saratoga Springs a reconstruction of the 
 
 Roman House of Pansa in Pompeii 
 
 with utmost exactness of construction and ornamentation. For precision of 
 artistic details, illustrative of their richness and variety throughout the city as 
 exhumed, I arranged for the travel in my company to Pompeii of Monsieur Paul 
 Pascal, of Paris, an eminent artist, whose works have been sold in New York 
 by Messrs. Goupil & Co. for their reputation and merit; and his associate Mon- 
 sieur Bernard. They sketched colors remaining, on the spot. 
 
 Most superb publications in color of examples of paintings by Niccolini 
 and others were* imported. Also casts in bronze and plaster of objects found; 
 of friezes, etc., in relief. 
 
 It is useless to specify fartheir the painstaking and expense preliminary to 
 rebuilding the House of Pansa. 
 
 This "Only Roman Reconstruction in the World" 
 
 has since 1890, been famous as a perfect, large, sumptuous Roman Mansion 
 of the time of Pliny, who wrote of its destruction as an eye witness A. D. 79. 
 
 Stimulated by abounding encomium written, spoken and printed of scholars 
 and travellers — registered in number to more than 50,000, from Boston to San 
 Francisco, and Europe; in appreciation of the Pompeia as an instructive object 
 lesson of unequalled value, the undersigned was moved to multiplication of its 
 example. It was accomplished in the Halls of the Ancients, Washington, in 
 1897-98, in full size of the Egyptian, Assyrian, Roman and Saracenic, by finan- 
 cial cooperation of Mr. S. W. Woodward. 
 
 It was presumed that a general appreciation of such re-creations, impressive 
 of history, aft and architecture, would win patronage at least to cover their 
 expenses. 
 
 S 
 
Regretfully that anticipation was not realized. One reason is evident, 
 (beside the prevalent rage for vaudeville, etc., above mentioned), viz.: The 
 immense free exhibitions ati the Capital, scientific, historical; the Halls of 
 Congress and Library, museums, military posts, buildings associated with the 
 origin and development of our government; the hallowed shades of Mount 
 Vernon, etc., more than fill the time to be afforded by travellers. 
 
 In deficit of income my associate withdrew his support. Consequently since 
 1898 the undersigned has alone maintained the Halls, until February, 1906, at 
 cost of 3,000 dollars per annum. Then by default of bankrupt original owners 
 of the land, leased for the Halls for ten years; a foreclosure sale of the estate 
 suddenly hut fortunately, delivered the undersigned from the burden of the last 
 two years of the lease. 
 
 STATEMENT TWO. 
 
 Again, fortunately; the contents of the Halls, an accumulation from his out- 
 lay, study, modelling, etc., during 50 years, covering twenty-one visits to Europe, 
 and eight years residence abroad, remained his personal property. 
 
 They included the Panofamic Painting; of Rome in the time of Constantine — 
 50 ft. long by 7 ft. hig:h, and over 4,000 sq. ft. of canvas, decorated by Pascal and 
 others. 
 
 These Exhibits, unparalelled in the world in continuity of illustration * 
 represent expenditure by the undersigned of fully 50,000 dollars. 
 
 The aggregate of his outlay since 1851, in prosecution of his aims to ma- 
 terialize actually the handiwork of mankind in early ages, in aid of learning 
 of the past, its art, architecture and life, has been more than 100,000 dollars. 
 
 The two facts above stated have been in the mind of the writer in conjunc- 
 tion, since the removal of 67 large double team cart-loads of treasures from the 
 Halls of the Ancients to storage. 
 
 Hence the natural suggestion that the movable material be transferred to 
 ample accommodation, in annex to the Pompeia. 
 
 It seems like a prophetic, good spirit in attendance upon the undersigned 
 when in 1890 he found upon the land purchased for the Pompeia an admirable 
 Art Gallery, built years ago by an artist at cost of 4,000 dollars — and yet he should 
 add a large Gallery (140 ft.) for illustrations of History, Art and Architecture. 
 ^(See descriptive Hand Book of the House of Pansa) — Thus 3,000 sq. feet 
 
 * To explain — Museums of the old and new world, created by modern scholarship are 
 collections of things. In the language of late Professor Goode, of the Smithsonian Insti- 
 tution — they are houses full of specimens in glass cases" — None until the "Halls of the 
 Ancients" were Halls and Houses rebuilt from their ancient prototypes — and then filled 
 as in their own times with their respective utensils, furniture, ornaments, etc. 
 
 Of this the Pompeia was and is the only example in existence. 
 
 The originality in system of the undersigned was first demonstrated in i888-i8go, when 
 were painted in Paris for him by Pascal and others 12 paintings, so large as to fill the Art 
 Gallery of the Pompeia, 50 ft. x 25 ft. They were on exhibition. there in 1890. Then pur- 
 chased by the United States for its Government Exhibition at Chicago World's Fair. 
 
 Again, continuity of illustration is displayed in the large paintings (6 ft. by 8 ft.) 
 of the "Story of Pompeii," by Pascal and Zurcher, other Egyptian and Assyrian of like 
 size; one 12 ft. in height of the Cyclopean Portal of the Egyptian Hall, and hundreds of 
 rare and beautiful framed engravings from the Halls in Washington, now in transit to 
 Saratoga. 
 
 I. Vesuvius before the great eruption, and Pompeii with an ancient Galley, copied 
 from a picture in Herculaneum. 2. Vesuvius during eruption. 
 
 3. The Forum in Pompeii as exhumed, after photographs by Pascal in December, 1889, 
 upon the spot. 
 
 4. A sacrifice before the Temple of Jupiter. A copy of Prof. Fishetti's Restoration in 
 Pompeii "Past and Present." 
 
 The Latin Professor of a New York University said, on his first visit to the Pompea in 
 1892 : "I have here in five minutes a clearer idea of a Roman House than from books and 
 study -of any life." 
 
of floor and 4,000 square feet of wall surface, await the loaded freight cars 
 from Washington for the V ^ 
 
 SARATOGA GAli^fRIES 
 
 e^ompei 
 
 as a fitting outfit to forecast anlargement of the /Pompeia. 
 
 The writer believes that this anticipation will be realized. That the oppor- 
 
 ART GALLERY ANNEX TO THE POMPEIAN HOUSE OF PANSA AT SARATOGA SPRINGS, N. Y. 
 
 Photo therein of the series ot paintings (12) historically exhibiting on canvas the 
 "Story of Columbus." 
 They were bought by the United States Government for the World's Fair at Chicago. Thence they 
 passed to ownership of The Field Columbian Museum. 
 
 tunity in waiting will be improved ; that the grand and beautiful House of Pansa 
 will be perpetuated as the original 
 
 Nucleus of an Educational Institution to be created and exploited 
 
 by the Emph;/ State of Ne^\^ork. for a fresh inspiration to 
 
 Acquisition oiKnowledge: /^ 
 
 to be repeated at central foci of population throughout the territory of the 
 Republic. . 
 
 The Saratoga Galleries can be most readily and economically established. 
 The Pompeia with present accessories will splendidly complete the Roman 
 Galleries. 
 
 Then must follow a temporary group in Washington (planned in mind of 
 the undersigned) that will typify reahzation of the National Design, (pp. 14-1^). 
 
 Chicago, St. Louis, Denver, iSan Francisco and Atlanta I predict will in 
 future repeat the Galleries, more or less grandly ; but sufficiently to rally Bduca- 
 tional Excursions as proposed and agitated by the undersigned since 1900. 
 
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The proposed additional reconstructions can be made at a minimum of cost 
 that can never be duplicated. 
 
 BECAUSE — FIRST. Of a gfift ready towafd purchase of the Pompeian 
 House, Aft Gallery and contents, and the movable objects above generally 
 described, but of which a full catalogfue is prepared, of one-half the cost of said 
 properties, viz.: 55,000.00. 60,000 dollars and 50,000, i. e. nO,000 dollars. 
 
 BECAUSE — SECOND. Of the experience of the undersigned in CON- 
 CRETE Construction;* begun by him as a pioneer therein in St. Augus- 
 tine, Florida, 1880-1890. Works famous as 
 
 RESTORATION OF THE TEMPLE OF JUPITER, POMPEII, WITH SACRIFICE 
 
 A copy, 6 ft. X 9 ft., is in the Pompeia, Saratoga Springs 
 
 1. Examplars are The Moorish Villa Zorayda. 
 
 2. The Hotel Ponce de Leon upon plans and under direction (as to 
 concrete) of the undersigned, and 
 
 3. The Hotel Casa Monica: Designed and built by the undersigned. 
 
 Concrete is now the accepted prospective material for nearly all construction 
 of the future. 
 
 Its cost is proven to be one-half that of ordinary brick work per cubic yard, 
 and one-twentieth in moulded forms, of like forms in hand-cut natural stones. 
 
 * Facts as to Concrete. In 1880 F. W. Smith, with an eminent mason from Boston, 
 cast the first walls of Concrete, solid, in molds, in St. Augustine, Florida, around the 
 base of the Villa Zorayda. That villa was the inspiration to Mr. Henry M. Flagler to own 
 a Grand Hotel in Florida. He solicited F. W. Smith to buy the land and build it for 
 him, advancing the capital and giving F. W. S. one-fourth interest. Interesting details of 
 the resultant development of Florida are not here appropriate. The writer hopes to tell 
 the story yet, before he is 100 years old of the development of concrete from 1880 to 1906, 
 
 During 10 years, 1880-1890, for the constructions of F. W. Smith and Mr. Flagler, 
 100,000 barrels of Portland Cement were imported from Germany, at a cost of $2.80 in St. 
 Augustine. In 1890 American manufacturers began with 350,000 barrels. In 1905 the 
 product was 24,000,000 barrels. At present the price is about $1.60. 
 
 The imperishable concrete columns of the Peristylium (see Frontispiece) cost cast 
 15.00 dollars each. In cut granite, perishable, .they would have cost 300.00 dollars. 
 
BECAUSE— THIRDLY. The designs, working drawings, are all at hand ; 
 perfected at great cost of repeated travel to Egypt, Greece, Italy and Spain ; the 
 scenes of Ancient history and art. 
 
 BECAUSE — The personal design and construction of the Halls of the An- 
 cients by Franklin Webster Smith (the writer) has made him ready for their easy 
 and rapid repetition, with improvements. In practical experience for the ivork 
 he is alone. 
 
 He can command the same artizans, except lamentably the superb artistic 
 facility of Monsieur Paul Pascal, the chief artist of the Pompeia and the Halls 
 of the Ancients. He died in Washington in 1905. 
 
 Plans are in mind for additional constructions adjacent to the Pompeia with 
 the Egyptian Portal designed for the Halls in Washington of two full size col- 
 umns of Karnak, the largest ever reared by man — 70 (seventy) feet high, 12 
 (twelve) feet in diameter. 100 men can stand on the area of the capital. 
 The design is herewith: 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR PROGRAMME OF THE SUMMER 
 EXHIBIT OF THE SArXtOGA GALLERIES 
 
 1 . That an appeal be issued to all interested in Diffusion of Sound Knowl- 
 edge and to Residents of Saratoga Springs for their cooperation; financial and 
 personal. 
 
 2. To Directors of Railroad Co.'s, Trolley Lines and Steamboat Companies 
 for Excursional Rates of Travel. 
 
 3. That a Board jointly with Residents of Saratoga Springs, appoint a 
 Committee of Arrangements to devise and publish an Order of Bntertaininents, 
 DAILY, in the Pompeian House from its opening ; in agreement with its proprie- 
 tor; and also. 
 
 Other entertainments: frequentlv as practicable, appropriate to the aims 
 above set forth, in the CONVENTION HALL, such as 
 
 Free Lectures under direction of the Society for University Extension. 
 Free Lectures may be available upon popular and instructive topics. 
 
 Especially, Lectures setting forth interesting facts, scenes, constructions, 
 etc., of the Ancients that left powerful examples or influences toward the ad- 
 vancement of mankind. 
 
 Receptions in Convention Hall of Educators, Scholars, Authors and Pub- 
 lishers to hear essays, after the example of Ancient Greece and to mingle for 
 social acquaintance. 
 
 These assemblies would establish Saraftofea ^Springs as an 
 
 Annual Rendezvous of Scholarship and as an 
 Intellectual Center. 
 
 They would promote from evidence of their benefits, Educational Excur- 
 sions to the Pompeia (and later it is hoped to the Group of Ancient Halls com- 
 
 II 
 
pleted) of students and pupils in companies to enjoy the sights and hear expo- 
 sitions of their contents. 
 
 Publications of Lectures, etc., may be a source of income toward support 
 of the Halls ; when by eminent Speakers, Authors or Legislators, upon topics of 
 great immediate interest. 
 
 Thus contributed brain-work would be perpetuated in usefulness. 
 
 To initiate and demonstrate the practicability and promise of the proposed 
 advance upon educational appliances hitherto, the undersigned will arrange 
 thorough Expositions of the Pompeia and Art Galleries from July to September 
 2§th, viz. : 
 
 Exposition Talks in round circulation through the buildings three times 
 daily, A. M., P. M. and evenings, under leadership of ability and experience in 
 such fields. The price of admission will be reduced from that heretofore (50 
 cents) to 25 cents. For excursional companies an extra deduction. 
 
 Also, there will be given 
 
 An Explanatory Lectore open the Panorama of Ancient Rome, twice daily 
 in the Art Gallery. 
 
 Courses of Lectures on kindred historical subjects, probably six in number 
 wo a week, are in arrang;ement. 
 
 The undersigned (as far as strength at four-score-years may admit) will fol- 
 low in descriptive comments upon the other varied material, Egyptian, Assyrian, 
 Greek and Saracenic, brought from Washington, that will fill the Long Gallery 
 (140 ft.) and the Art Gallery. 
 
 Another attraction may be utilized from Loan Exhibitions in Convention 
 Hall, gratituitous, from wealthy owners for Public Benefit of Artistic, Historical 
 and curios treasures. 
 
 The above sketch of beneficent measures in line with the great purposes and 
 responsibilities of the 
 
 UNIVERSITVDF the STATE OF NEW YORK 
 
 [tW^ 
 
 Forecasts immense results to follow under leadership of the Empire State of the 
 46 in the American Republic. It foreshadows also its powerful influence and 
 example toward the 
 
 DESIGN FOR NATIONAL GALLERIES OF HISTORY AND 
 Art IN WASHINGTON 
 
 The model of which 40 ft. by 20 ft. has had unanimous admiration. See Addenda. 
 
 It will be re-arranged for the Saratoga Gali^eries, as the only one in exist- 
 ence, displaying the characteristics of varied ancient architecture. 
 
 With evidence of its worth to the nation again set forth, the Power of the 
 Regents will be invoked toward its realization with other fitting improvements 
 of the Capital by The National Society for Aggrandisement of Washington. 
 
 Frankun Webster Smith. 
 Washington, June 17, 1906. 
 
TO RECIPIENTS OF THIS BOOKLET 
 
 9^ GREETING, in order: 
 
 First.— Those who have recorded their presence in the POMPEIAN HOUSE 
 or PanSA, at Saratoga Springs— about tOO,000 in number-since its open- 
 ing with eclat in 1890. 
 
 Second.— Those numbering about 50,000, who have in like manner left an auto- 
 graphic evidence of their edification and entertainment from their visits to 
 The Halls or the Ancients, in Washington, during 8 years— 
 from J 898 to J 906. 
 
 Third.— To Presidents, Faculties, Professors, and Teachers of Universities, Col- 
 leges, Seminaries, Public and Private Schools, especially those who have 
 repeatedly resorted to the Pompeia and the Halls with students in large 
 numbers for strictly educational profit and pleasure. 
 
 Very many from these high duties and with such lofty purposes have 
 gathered from States near and adjacent to the Capital, and many also from 
 distant points. 
 
 The Normal School of the Sixth District of the State of Pennsylvania, 
 ' the High School of Atlanta, Georgia,iand the Centenary Seminary of Cleve- 
 land, Tennessee, ' for six years in succession — from 1 898 — made excursional 
 journeys to Washington, with study of the Halls as an objective purpose first 
 in order. Note the voluntary testimonial of Dr. Welsh, the Principal, and 
 the Faculty of the Pennsylvania Normal School, appended. 
 
 Fourth. — To Officers and Members of the Legislative, Executive, and Judicial 
 Departments of the Government of the U. S. and of the 46 States in the 
 Federal Union ; to National and State Boards of Education and all in charge 
 of the Educational Interests of the Republic. 
 
 Lastly. — To all people of reflective intelligence, with patriotic zeal for the 
 welfare of the nation and perpetuity of its institutions by PROMOTION OF 
 Knowledge, the Most Essential Interest of the State. 
 
 The undersigned, in behalf of said paramount considerations, appeals 
 hereby to all said recipients and others informed of this publication to show their 
 identity with the useful classes cited by aid in widespread circulation of this Book- 
 let through purchase, circulation, and recommendation thereof, as provided at its 
 close, p. )5. 
 
 Most respectfully and earnestly submitted, 
 
 FRANKLIN WEBSTER SMITH. 
 Washington, July 41U 1906. 
 
ADDENDA 
 
 Design for National Galleries of History and Art 
 IN Washington 
 
 Franklin Webster Smith, Architect 
 
 Remarks of Mr. Hoar in the Senate 
 
 [From the Congressional Record, 56th Congress, ist Session. Monday, February 12, 1900.] 
 NATIONAL GALLERIES OF HISTORY AND ART. 
 
 Mr. Hoar. I present the petition of Franklin 'W, Smith, of Boston, Mass., praying for an appro- 
 priation of land for a site for National Galleries of History and Art, and for aid in the establishment 
 thereof. 
 
 I ask unanimoas consent to make a statement in regard to this petition. The petitioner is a busi- 
 ness man of great distinction and success, who for many years has devoted his life to the promotion of 
 National Galleries of Art which shall represent and reproduce the architecture, both public or orna- 
 mental and domestic, of the ancient nations, especially Greece and Rome, but also the Oriental cities. 
 He has devoted his whole time to a study of that subject and has become an eminent authority. He 
 has made a large collection of books and prints, and has, with the financial co-operation of Mr. S. 
 Walter Woodward, of Washington, on New York Avenue, in this city, built and adorned some Halls 
 showing great beauty and in full si^e Roman, Egyptian, Assyrian, and Saracenic architecture. 
 
 What the petitioner desires is to have the site of the old observatory appropriated by the United 
 States, and some land in the neighborhood, where he will place his own collection and devote himself 
 entirely, if he may be permitted, to advancing that work. It will become, at a very moderate cost, a 
 great ornament to the capital of the nation, and it will have an educational power, he thinks, more 
 potent than many lectureships or professorships. 
 
 I ask unanimous consent that this petition, which is very brief, comprising a page or two, and the 
 Designs and Prospectus which accompany it, may be printed as a document, for the use of the Senate. 
 I understand that there are some plates, but he has all the plates prepared, so that will be no cost to the 
 Government. 
 
 The printing was ordered — 5,000 'copies. 445 pps,— 272 Illustrations, Senators 
 Allison and Buckley lately wrote to applicants for it: "li is impossible to obtain a. copy," 
 
 An edition, revised and improved, is in preparation. F. W. S. 
 
 13 
 
Moorish Court of Model for National Galleries 
 
 Saracenic Architecture, Court of Ivions, Alhambra, Mosque at Cairo, Gates of Toledo, etc., etc. 
 
 The Design, p. 13, shows simple and durable ranges of galleries of one story 
 with basement, terraced upon a hillside, viz., Egyptian, Assyrian, Greek, Roman, 
 Byzantine, Mediaeval, Saracenic and East Indian; American galleries for the 
 history and portraiture of the United States; the group surmounted by a Par- 
 thenonic Temple, to contain a Hall of Presidents and Patriots, such as stands 
 on a hill-top of the Danube. 
 
 Its elevation will be a counterpart to that of the Capitol — the one, an expres- 
 sion of the highest constitutional wisdom, the other of its resultant intellectual 
 development of a nation. In recognition of demands of modern educational 
 systems for object teaching, materializing to apprehension structures hitherto only 
 described by words or shown by pictures — the galleries enclose small parks, for 
 reproduced constructions of the above historic types — dwellings of ancient na- 
 tions, and other structiires, civil and religious, in whole, in part, or by model, 
 precisely as now illustrated by the Pompeian House at Saratoga. It is proposed 
 the Galleries be filled with paintings, in orderly, chronological succession for the 
 history of nations whose architecture is shown on their walls, similar to illustrated 
 histories of Bavaria in the National Museum in Munich. Side Corridors to be 
 filled with casts and models — architectural, artistic and historical — supplying 
 abundant material for elucidation in study. It is proposed to build the galleries 
 of fine Portland cement sand concrete, precisely the material already tested in 
 the great hotel in St. Augustine, Cordova, and the Pompeia * at Saratoga Springs. 
 The cheapness of concrete construction as less than that of ordinary brick work 
 has been proven by the constructions above named. For this material most 
 favorable conditions exist, the sand and gravel being on the hillside adjacent to 
 the old Naval Observatory upon the Potomac, the most desirable site. 
 
 It is a gratification to quote a letter of Mr. Paul J. PeU, Architect of the Congressional Library, 
 offering gratuitously his advisory counsel in preparation of plans of the Galleries, as follows, vi?.: 
 
 Washington, July 5, t898. 
 
 Mr. Franklin W. Smith, 
 
 My Dear Sir. Your design for National Galleries and Courts commands my admiration for 
 its comprehensiveness, its system of arrangement, and its evident practical value for stimulating the 
 education of the American people. 
 
 While the combination is of surpassing splendor, its simplicity and the moderate elevation of its 
 parts can insure its construction at a cost less than that of several structures in the United States. 
 
 It is a pleasure to offer to you my gratuitous services as advisory architect in the preparation of th 
 new plans you propose, and which are an improvement upon your first arrangement of the Courts 
 
 Yours very truly, 
 (From Sen. Doc. 209.) (Signed) PAUL J. Pelz. 
 
 See gift of Mr. James Renwick, Architect, on p. 2 of Insert, from Sen. Doc. 209. 
 
 14 
 
THE 
 
 GREAT COLUMNS 
 
 OF KARNAK 
 
 WERE THE LARGEST INTERIOR SUPPORT- 
 ING SHAFTS RAISED BY MAN: 70 FT. HIGH 
 (INCLUDING THE CUBE UNDER ARCHI- 
 TRAVE); 11 FT., 10 IN., DIAMETER; JCO MEN 
 CAN STAND ON THE CAPITALS. 
 
 It is intended to reconstruct them of imperishable Sand-Cement ^ 
 Concrete, first demonstrated for like architectural illustration by 
 F. W. Smith in 
 
 THE PERISTYLIUM OF THE POMPEIA, 
 
 Saratoga Springs, in 1890. (See plate on cover and foot-note herein, 
 page 11.) 
 
 Concrete Construction 
 
 My prediction iu 1890, published widely in the first Prospectus for National 
 Galleries of Concrete, as the coming material, both basic and ornamental, is now 
 recognized in fulfilment. 
 
 "When in the light of what has been done during the last five years in the 
 cement business, we recall the fact that these statements (quoted) were made in 
 1890, we must conclude that Franklin W. Smith, in his appreciation of the 
 possibilities of cement construction, was far in advance of the men of his times."' 
 (Booklet of the Peninsular Cement Co., of Jackson, Mich.) 
 
 From Architecture and Building, August 29, i8gi . 
 
 "It is no high-sounding concatenation of fortuitous phrases, but a working 
 plan (for iSTational Galleries) which Mr. Smith has prepai-ed. 
 
 "His practical wisdom, as well as his sensible economy, is well shown by 
 his selection of the material for the structure he proposes. Instead of costly 
 marble or granites, he proposes to use Eoman concrete, such as stood, in Roman 
 buildings, the strain of twenty centuries, and which is just one-fourth as expen- 
 sive as other materials. This concrete, made of sand and Roman cement, 
 Mr. Smith has personally demonstrated in building the Casa Monica and Villa 
 Zorayda at St. Augustine, and the Pompeian at Saratoga. It is peculiarly 
 adapted to such structures as he has in view, since it can be so readily and 
 cheaply molded into a great variety of forms." 
 
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