HA ZOl €mM\l W^mmii^ ^xhm^ THE GIFT OF kziZoli nh^H- The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924032599726 DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE AND LABOR BUREAU OF THE CENSUS E. DANA DURAND, DIRECTOR THIRTEENTH CENSUS OF THE UNITED STATES TAKEN IN THE YEAR 1910 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS STATISTICS OF POPULATION, AGRICULTURE, MANUFACTURES, AND MINING ' FOR THE UNITED STATES, THE STATES, AND PRINCIPAL CITIES WITH SUPPLEMENT FOR NEW YORK CONTAINING STATISTICS FOR THE STATE COUNTIES, CITIES, AND OTHER DIVISIONS WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1913 ■a A.U807I ORGANIZATION OF THE BUREAU OF THE CENSUS DURING THE THIRTEENTH DECENNIAL CENSUS : I909-I9I2 DIRECTOR- E. DANA DURAND ASSISTANT DIRECTOR WILLIAM F. WILLOUGHBY : I909-I91I ROLAND P. FALKNER : : : : I9II-I9I2 •• CHIEF CLERK WILLIAM S. ROSSITER, 1909 : ALBERTUS H. BALDWIN, I909-I9I0 VOLER V. VILES, I910-I9II : WILLIAM A. HATHAWAY, I91I-I9I2 DIVISION OF POPULATION WILLIAM C. HUNT, Chief Statistician DIVISION OF AGRICULTURE LE GRAND POWERS, Chief Statistician JOHN LEE COULTER, Expert Special Agent on Agriculture RAY PALMER TEELE, Expert Special Agent on Irrigation division of manufactures WILLIAM M. STEUART, Chief Statisticla.n ISAAC A. HOURWICH, Expert Special Agent on Mining division of vital statistics CRESSY L. WILBUR, Chief Statistician division of revision and results JOSEPH A. HILL, Chief Statistician geographer CHARLES S. SLOANE Cornell University Library HA201 1910 .A21 Thirteenth census of the United States t 3 1924 032 599 726 olin Overs DATE DUE JiftSS nyj/ GAYLORD PRINTED IN U.S.A. CONTENTS. SUMMARY OF CHAPTERS. Page. iNTEODDCnON 15 POPULATION. 1. Number and Distribution of Inhabitants 21 2. Color or Race, Nativity, Parentage; Sex; Population 21 Years of Age and Over; Males of Militia Age 77 3. Age and Marital Condition 121 4. State of Birth of Nattvb Population 169 5. Population op Foreign Birth and Foreign Parentage, by Country of Origin 187 6. The Foreign-Born Population — Date of Immigration 215 7. School Attendance and Illiteracy 219 8. Dwellings and Families 259 AGRICULTURE. 9. Farms and Farm Property 265 10. Tenure, Mortgage Indebtedness, Color and Natlvity op Farmers, and Size of Farms 285 11. Live Stock on Farms and Elsewhere 309 12. Live Stock Products, and Domestic Animals Sold or Slaughtered on Farms 343 13. Farm Crops — Acreage, Production, and Value 359 14. Irrigation and Irrigated Crops 422 MANUFACTURES. 15. Statistics for States, Cities, and Industries 437 MINES AND QUARRIES. 16. Mines and Quarries 541 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS. INTRODUCTION. Scope and character of the report . Page. .. 13 Organization of the Thirteenth Decennial Census . POPULATION. Page. .. 15 Chapter 1.— NUMBER AND DISTRIBUTION OF INHABITANTS. Population of the United States and of states and territories. . 21 Area of enumeration in 1910 21 United States 21 Divisions and states 22 Rank according to population: 1790-1910 24 Apportionment of representation 26 Population for apportionment purposes: 1910 26 Number of members in the House of Representatives under each apportionment: 1789-1910 27 Area and density of population 28 Area 28 Population per square mile 28 Center of population 30 Population of counties 32 Urban and rural population 54 Proportion urban and rural 54 Increase in urban and rural population 55 Communities classified according to size 59 Proportion in the several classes of communities 59 Growth of the several classes of urban communities 60 Metropolitan districts 61 Population of individual cities 63 Page. Per cent of increase in total population, by states: 1900-1910. . 23 Population per square mile, by states: 1910 29 Centerof population at each census: 1790-1910 31 Per cent urban in total population, by states: 1910 54 Per cent of increase in urban population, by states: 1900- 1910 ,. 58 Per cent of increase in rural population, by states: 1900-1910. . 58 Chapter 2.-00L0R OR RACE, NATIVITY, PARENT- AGE; SEX; POPULATION 21 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER; MALES OF MILITIA AGE. Color or race, nativity, and parentage of the total population . . 77 United States as a whole 77 General summary: 1910 and 1900 77 White and negro population 78 Indian, Chinese, and Japanese population 79 Black and miilatto population 79 Native and foreign-bom population 80 White population by nativity and parentage 80 Divisions and states 81 Population by color or race, nativity, and parentage . . 81 White population by nativity and parentage 88 Increase by color or race, nativity, and parentage 89 (3) CONTENTS. Color or race, nativity, and parentage of the total population — Continued. Page. Urban and rural population 91 Principal cities 93 Classification by sex 97 United States as a whole 97 General summary: 1910 and 1900 97 Comparison with earlier censuses 97 Divisions and states 98 Urban and rural population 102 Principal cities .' 103 Population 21 years of age and over 106 All persons 21 years of age and over 106 General summary: 1910 106 Sex ratios, by divisions and states 106 Males 21 years of age and over 107 United States as a whole 107 Divisions and states 108 Urban and rural communities. . , 112 Principal cities 113 Citizenship of foreign-bom whites 116 Females 21 years of age and over 117 Males of militia age (18 to 44 years) 119 DIAGRAMS. Color or race, nativity, and parentage, by states: 1910 87 Color or race, nativity, and parentage, by divisions: 1910 and 1900 88 Color or race, nativity, and parentage, in urban and rural com- munities, by divisions: 1910 91 Color or race, nativity, and parentage in cities of 100,000 inhab- itants or more: 1910 94 Number of males to 100 females in urban and rural communi- ties, by divisions: 1910 102 Color or race, nativity, and parentage of males 21 years of age and over, by states: 1910 109 Color or race, nativity, and parentage of males 21 years of age and over in urban and rural communities, by divisions: 1910. 112 Percentage of negroes in the total population: 1910 84 Percentageof foreign-bom whites in the total population: 1910. 84 Percentage of native whites of foreign or mixed parentage in the total population: 1910 85 Percentage of foreign-born whites and native whites of foreign or mixed parentage combiaed in the total population: 1910.. 85 Ratio of males to females in the total population: 1910 98 Chaptbk 3.— age and MARITAL CONDITION. Age: United States as a whole 121 Classification by 5-year age periods: 1910 121 Classification by broader age periods: 1910 125 Comparison with previous censuses 127 Divisions and states 128 Geographic divisions 128 Urban and rural communities 129 Principal cities 130 Marital condition: United States as a whole 146 Age groups 147 Color or race, nativity, and parentage classes 148 Comparisons with previous censuses 151 Divisions and states 153 Total population, by divisions 153 Color or race, nativity, and parentage classes, by divi- sions 153 States 155 Urban and rural communities 155 Principal cities 155 diagrams. Page. Distribution by age periods of total population: 1910 121 Distribution by age periods of the principal classes of the population: 1910: Native white of native parentage 124 Native white of foreign or mixed parentage 124 Foreign-born white 124 Negro 124 Distribution by age periods of native white and negro and of foreign-born population: 1910 125 Distribution by age periods of total population, by divisions: 1910 128 Distribution by age periods of urban and rural population, by divisions: 1910 129 Marital condition of population : 1910 147 Marital condition of principal classes of the population, by age periods: 1910 151 Marital condition of the total population 15 years of age and over, by divisions: 1910 153 Chapter 4.— STATE OF BIRTH OF NATIVE POPULATION. General extent of migration of native population within the United States 169 Interdivisional migration 170 Division of birth in relation to division of residence 173 Migration of native white and native negro population 174 Migration to the several divisions from other divisions and from foreign countries 174 Migration to the several states from other states and from for- eign countries 175 Interstate migration , 176 State of birth in relation to state of residence 177 MAPS. Gain or loss in native population by interstate migration : 1910. 176 Percentage of population born in each state living in other states: 1910 17& Percentage of native population living in each state bom in other states: 1910 178 diagrams. Distribution of total population of each state, by place of birth: 1910 177 Distribution of natives of each state, by place of residence : 1910 . 177 Migration of native population from and to each state: 1910. . 186 Chapter 5;— POPULATION OF FOREIGN BIRTH AND FOREIGN PARENTAGE, BY COUNTRY OF ORIGIN. Definition of terms 187 Mother-tongue statistics 187 United States as a whole 188 Total foreign born, by coimtry of birth: 1910 and 1900 188 Comparison for censuses of 1860 to 1910 190 Immigration in relation to foreign-born population 190 Foreign bom, by sex 191 Foreign bom from Germany, Austria, Hungary, and Rus- sia, classified by mother tongue 192 Foreign white stock: 1900 and 1910 192 Divisions and states 195 Total foreign bom, by divisions 195 Foreign white stock, by divisions igg Foreign born and foreign white stock, by states 199 In urban and rural communities 199 In principal cities 200 diagrams. Foreign-born population, by principal countries of birth: 1910 and 1900 189 Per cent of the foreign-bom population bom in the principal countries: 1910 igg CONTENTS. PasB. Per cent of the foreign-bom population bom in the principal countries : 1900 189 Per cent of the foreign white stock, by principal countries of origin: 1910 192 Foreign white stock, by principal countries of origin : 1910 194 CHAFTEia 6.— FOREIGN-BORN POPULATION— DATE OF IMMIGRATION. United States as a whole 215 Divisions and states 216 Urban and rural communities 217 Principal cities. . . .' 218 Chapter 7.— SCHOOL ATTENDANCE AND ILLITERACY. School attendance 219 United States as a whole: 1909-10 219 Persons attending school: Classified by color orrace, nativity, and parentage. 219 Classified by sex 219 Classified by age groups 220 Percentage attending school: Classified by age groups 220 Classified by color or race, nativity, and parentage. 221 Classified by sex 222 Urban and rural population 222 Divisions and states: 1909-10 223 Number and percentage attending school , by age groups 223 Persons 6 to 20 years of age 223 Children 6 to 14 years of age 225 Persons 6 to 20 years of age, urban and rural 226 Principal cities: 1909-10 231 Comparative summary: 1910 and 1900 236 United States as a whole 236 Divisions and states 236 Page. Illiteracy 239 Population 10 years of age and over: United States as a whole 239 Number of illiterates 239 Percentage of illiteracy 239 Sex 240 Age groups 240 Urban and rural population 240 Divisions and states 242 Percentage of illiteracy 243 Sex 248 Urban and rural population 248 Principal cities 249 Children from 10 to 14 years of age 254 United States as a whole 254 Divisions and states 254 Males 21 years of age and over 255 United States as a whole 255 Divisions and states 255 Principal cities 255 Percentage of illiteracy in the population 10 years of age and over: 1910 246,247 Total population 246 Native whites of native parentage 246 Foreign-bom whites 247 Negroes 247 Chapter 8.— DWELLINGS AND FAMILIES. United States as a whole 259 Divisions and states 259 Urban and rural communities 260 Principal cities 260 AGRICULTURE. Chapter 9.— FARMS AND FARM PROPERTY. Page. United States as a whole: 1910 and 1900 265 Farms and farm land, by divisions and states: 1910 and 1900. . . 266 Geographic distribution of farms and farm land 266 Increases and decreases: 1900-1910 267 Percentage of land in farms and percentage improved 270 Average size of farms 271 Valueof farm property, by divisions and sta,tes: 1910 and 1900. 274 Geographic distribution of farm values .—.... 274 Increase in value of farm property 274 Average value of farm property per acre of land 278 Average value of farm property per farm ."T? 278 Farms and farm property: 1850 to 1910 281 United States as a whole 281 Geographic divisions 282 MAPS. Per cent land in farms forms of total land area, by counties: 1910 272 Per cent improved land in farms forms of total land area, by counties: 1910 273 Average value of land in farms per acre, by counties: 1910 275 Chapter 10.— TENURE, MORTGAGE INDEBTEDNESS, COLOR AND NATIVITY OF FARMERS, AND SIZE OP FARMS. Tenure of farms 285 United States as a whole: 1910 and 1900 285 Geographic divisions 286 Main tenure classes: 1910 and 1900 286 Number of farms for all tenure groups: 1910 and 1900. 288 States: 1910 and 1900 289 Page. Farm mortgages 292 Number of farms mortgaged 292 Amount of mortgage debt 293 Statistics by states 295 Color and nativity of farmers 296 Number of native white, foreign-bom white, and colored farmers, by tenure: 1910 296 Number of farmers, classified by color: 1910 and 1900 298 Country of birth of white farmers: 1910 298 Color and tenure of farmers in the South: 1910 and 1900 299 Farms, classified by size 303 United States as a whole: 1910 and 1900 303 Geographic divisions 303 States: 1910 and 1900 306 DIAGRAMS. Number of farms, classified by character of tenure of operator: 1910 289 Acreage of all land in farms, classified by character of tenure of operator: 1910 289 Number of farms operated by their owners, free and mortgaged: 1910 293 Number of farms, classified by color and nativity of operator: 1910 296 Chapter 11.— LIVE STOCK ON FARMS AND ELSEWHERE. All live stock on farms 309 Domestic animals on farms 310 Cattle on farms 313 United States as a whole 313 Divisions and states 314 6 CONTENTS. Page. Horses, mules, and asses and burros on farms 319 United States as a whole 319 Divisions and states 320 Swine on farms 327 United States as a whole 327 Divisions and states 327 Sheep and goats on farms 329 United States as a whole 329 Divisions and states 330 Poultry on farms 334 Bees on farms 337 Domestic animals not on farms 337 Dtmestic animals on farms and not on farms 342 MAPS. All cattle on farms — Number, by states: April 15, 1910 318 Dairy cows on farms — Number, by states: April 15, 1910 318 All horses, mules, and asses and burros on farms — Number, by states: April 15, 1910 326 All swine on farms — Number, by states: April 15, 1910 326 All sheep on farms — Number, by states: April 15, 1910 331 All fowls on farms — -Number, by states: April 15, 1910 335 Chaptbe 12.— live stock products, AND DOMESTIC ANIMALS SOLD OR SLAUGHTERED ON FARMS. Dairy products , '. 343 United States as a whole: 1909 and 1899 343 Divisions and states 344 Production of dairy products: M09 and 1899 344 Sales of dairy products: 1909 and 1899 346 Wool and mohair 350 United States as a whole: 1909 and 1899 350 . Divisions and states: 1909 and 1899 350 Mohair and goat hair: 1909 and 1899 351 Poultry and eggs 353 United States as a whole: 1909 and 1899 353 Divisions and states: 1909 and 1899 354 Honey and wax: 1909 and 1899 356 Domestic animals sold or slaughtered on farms 356 United States as a whole: 1909 356 Divisions and states: 1909 357 Chapteb 13.— farm CROPS— acreage, PRODUCTION, AND VALUE. Crops in general 359 United States as a whole 359 Acreage and value of all crops: 1909 and 1899 359 Relative importance of different crops: 1909 and 1899. 361 Relation of prices to increase in value: 1899 to 1909. . . 363 Increase of crop production and consumption: 1899 to 1909 364 Acreage of leading crops: 1879 to 1909 364 Divisions and states 364 Distribution of all crops, by divisions: 1909 and 1899. . 364 Relative importance of leading crops in the total pro- duction of each division, section, and state: 1909 365 Relative importance of the divisions and sections in the production of leading crops : 1909 368 Acreage and value of crops, by states: 1909 and 1899.. 369 Sale and purchase of feedable crops: 1909 371 Expenditures for labor and fertilizers on farms 372 Expenditures for labor: 1909 and 1899 372 Expenditures for fertilizers : 1909 and 1899 , . - - 374 The cereals 3^^ Com ^ 378 Wheat 380 Faee. The cereals — Continued. Oats 382 Barley 386 Rye 386 Buckwheat 386 Emmer and spelt - 387 Kafir com and milo maize 387 Rice 387 Other grains and seeds 392 Dry edible beans and dry peas 392 Peanuts 393 Flaxseed 393 Grass seed and flower and vegetable seeds 394 Minor seeds with acreage reports 395 Hay and forage 396 Vegetables 398 Potatoes 398 Sweet potatoes and yams 399 Other vegetables 401 Tobacco 402 Cotton and cotton seed 404 Sugar crops 406 Sugar cane and products 406 Sorghum cane and sirup, sugar beets, and maple sugar and sirup 407 Sundry minor crops 408 Broom com, hemp, hops, miscellaneous, and by-products . 408 Fruits and nuts 409 Small fruits 409 Orchard fruits 410 Apples 411 Peaches and nectarines . , 412 Pears 412 Plums and prunes 413 Cherries 413 Apricots r 414 Quinces 414 Grapes 414 Tropical and subtropical fruits 415 Oranges, lemons, pomeloes (grapefruit), other citrous fruits, figs, pineapples, and olives 415 Other tropical and subtropical fruits 416 All nuts 416 Almonds, pecans, and Persian or English walnuts 416 Flowers and plants, nursery products, and forest products 418 MAPS. All farm crops— Value, by states: 1909 371 Acreage, by states: 1909: All cereals 376 Com 384 Wheat 384 Oats 385 Hay and forage 385 Cotton 405 Fruits and nuts — Value, by states: 1909 417 DIAGRAMS. Land area, distribution: April 15, 1910 362 Crop acreage: 1909 362 Improved land, distribution: 1909 362 Improved land, distribution: 1899 362 Value of all crops, distribution by crops: 1909 362 Value of all crops, distribution by divisioriB: 1909 362 Value of all crops, distribution by crops, by divisions : 1909 . . 366 CONTENTS. Chapter 14— IRRIGATION AND IRRIGATED CROPS. Page. The arid region 422 Summary 422 Farms and acreage irrigated 423 Number of farms irrigated 423 Acreage irrigated 423 Acreage irrigated in 1909, acreage enterprises were capable of irrigating in 1910, and acreage included in projects. . . 424 Acreage irrigated, classified by source of water supply 425 Irrigation works 426 Number of enterprises and number and length of ditches. . 426 Reservoirs, wells, and pumping plants 426 Cost 427 Average cost per acre 427 Average cost per acre, by type of enterprise 428 Average cost per acre,' by size groups 428 Operation and maintenance 429 Crops 429 Average yields per acre 430 Average values per acre 430 Comparison with preceding census 431 Irrigation for rice growing 431 Louisiana, Texas, and Arkansas 432 Farms reporting 432 Acreage irrigated 432 MANUFACTURES. Chapter 15.— STATISTICS FOR STATES, CITIES, AND INDUSTRIES. Page. General surmnary 437 Continental United States and noncontiguous territory. . . 437 Explanation of terms 437 United States as a whole 438 Comparison for 1909, 1904, and 1899 438 Comparison with earlier censuses 439 Leading industries 440 States and geographic divisions 444 Fifty leading cities 448 Distribution according to size of communities ■^■. 449 Persons engaged in manufacturing industiies ■. 451 Definitions and explanations 451 United States as a whole 452 Occupational status by leading industries 453 Comparison with previous censuses as to occupational status 454 Sex and age distribution, by leading industries 454 Sex and age distribution, by states .' 456 Comparison with previous censuses as to sex and age 457 Comparison of sex and age distribution in selected indus- tries: 1909, 1904, and 1899 457 Divisions and states: 1909, 1904, and 1899 458 Wage earners employed, by months 459 Character of ownership : 461 Summary for United States 461 Proportion of business done by corporations in the prin- cipal industries: 1909 and 1904 461 Proportion of business done by corporations, by states: 1909 and 1904. 462 Size of establishments 464 Summary for United States 464 Relative importance of establishments producing products valued at $1,000,000 or over in the principal industries. 465 Relative importance of establishments producing products valued at $1,000,000 or over, by states 466 EstabUshments grouped by number of wage earners 468 Distribution of expenses 470 Leading industries 470 States 470 Engines and power 471 Summary for United States: 1909, 1904, and 1899 471 Leading industries 472 States 473 Supplementary data regarding important industries 475 Food and kindred products 475 Butt«r, cheese, and condensed milk 475 Canning and preserving 475 Flour-mill and gristmill products 476 Rice, cleaning and polishing 477 Supplementary data regarding important industries — Contd. Food and kindred products — Continued. Page. Slaughtering and meat packing 477 Sugar 478 Textiles 479 Carpets and rugs 480 Cordage and twine and jute and linen goods 481 Cotton goods, including cotton small wares 482 Felt goods 482 Hats, fur-felt and wool-felt 483 Hosiery and knit goods 483 Oilcloth and linoleum 484 Shoddy 485 Silk and silk goods 485 Woolen and worsted goods 486 Iron and steel 487 Blast furnaces 488 Steel works and rolling mills 488 Tin "plate and temeplate 491 Wire 492 Leather and its products 492 Leather 493 Boots and shoes 493 Gloves and mittens, leather 494 Chemicals and allied products 494 Chemicals 495 Coke 496 Dyestufts and extracts 496 Explosives ^97 Fertilizers 498 Gas, illuminating and heating 498 Glucose and starch 499 Cottonseed oil and cake 499 Oil, essential 500 Paint and varnish 500 Petroleum, refining 501 Salt 501 Soap 501 Sulphuric, nitric, and mixed acids 502 Turpentine and rosin 503 Clay, glass, and stone products 503 Brick and tile, and pottery, terra-cotta, and fire-clay products 503 Cement 503 Glass 504 Lime 504 Vehicles for land transportation 504 Automobiles 504 Bicycles and motorcycles, and parts 505 Carriages and wagons and materials 505 Cars and general shop construction and repairs by Bteam-railroad companies 505 8 CONTENTS. Supplementary data regarding important industries— Contd. Page. Vehicles for land transportation — Continued. Cars and general shop construction and repairs by- street-railroad companies 506 Cars, steam-railroad 506 Cars, street-railroad 507 Miscellaneous industries 507 Agricultural implements. 507 Electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies 507 Ice, manufactured 508 Lumber and timber products 508 Pianos and organs and materials 509 Paper and wood pulp 509 Phonographs and graphophones 510 Printing and publishing 511 Shipbuilding, including boat building 512 Laundries 513 Small custom sawmiUs and gristmills 513 GENERAL TABLES. Table 110. — Comparative summary for the United States, by specified industries: 1909, 1904, and 1899 514 Page. Table 111. — Comparative summary for the United States, by states: 1909, 1904, and 1899 525 Table 112. — Comparative summary for the 25 principal cities: 1909, 1904, and 1899 528 Table 113.— Cities of 10,000 inhabitants or over— Number of establishments, "average number of wage earners, value of products, and value added by manufacture: 1909, 1904. and 1899 529 Value of products of manufactiures: 1909.. , 444 DIAGEAMS. Value of products, by industries: 1909 and 1899 436 Per cent distribution of value of products, by industries: 1909 443 Per cent distribution of average number of wage earners, by industries: 1909 443 Value of products, by states: 1909 and 1899 446 Average number of wage earners, by states: 1909 and 1899 447 Value of products for principal cities: 1909 450 MINES AND QUARRIES. Chapter 16.— MINES AND QUARRIES. Page. General summary 541 Continental United States and noncontiguous territory 541 Producing and nonproducing mines 541 Geographic distribution of producing enterprises 542 Principal mining industries 544 General comparison for the United States: 1902-1909 544 Geographic distribution of the principal industries 546 Persons engaged in mining industries 548 Distribution by sex and age 548 Distribution by industrial status 548 Proprietors performing manual labor 549 Wage earners, by occupation 549 Contract work 550 Number of persons employed, by monthe 550 Prevailing hours of labor 551 Pag». Land tenure 552 Form of organization 552 Size of enterprises 553 Classification according to mmiber of wage earners 553 Classification according to value of products 555 Distribution of expenses 555 Engines and power 556 Quantity of minerals 556 DIAGRAMS. Value of products of mining industries: 1909 543 Value of products of mining industries: by states, 1902 and 1909; by divisions, 1909 (based on Tables 25 and 27) 543 Value of products, by industries: 1902 and 1909 (based on Tables 4 and 26) 545 Value of products of leading industries, by states: 1909 546 SUPPLEMENT FOR THE STATE OF NEW YORK. POPTJLATION. « Chapter 1.— NUMBER OF INHABITANTS. Pag*. Total population, increase, and distribution 568 ' Population of the state 568 Comparison of the rates of increase with those for the United States as a whole 568 Principal cities 568 Number and percentage of increase over preceding census for twenty-one of the principal cities 569 Counties ' 571 Density of population 571 Minor civil divisions 572 Urban and rural population compared 572 Rate of growth 573 PRINCIPAL tables. Table 1. — Population of minor civil divisions: 1910, 1900, and 1890. 576 Table 2.— Population of incorporated places: 1910, 1900, and 1890 589 Increase or decrease of population 574 Density of population 575 Chapter 2.— COMPOSITION AND CHARACTERISTICS OP THE POPULATION. Page. Color, nativity, and sex 593 State of birth 593 Foreign nationalities 593 Voting and militia ages 594^. Age . 594 School attendance and illiteracy 594 Marital condition 594 Dwellings and families '. 594 principal tables. Table I. — Composition and characteristics of the population for the state and for counties .' 608 Table II. — Composition and characteristics of the population for cities of 25,000 or more. •. 620 Table III. — Composition and characteristics of the population for places of 10,000 to 25,000 626 Table IV. — Composition and characteristics of the population for places of 2,500 to 10,000 629 Table V.— Composition and characteristics of the population for wards (or assembly districts) of cities of 50,000 or more. . 633 MAPS. Per cent of foreign-born white in total population: 1910 607 Per cent of native white of foreign or mixed parentage in total population: 1910 607 CONTENTS. 9 AGRICUXTTTBE . Chapter 3.— STATISTICS FOR THE STATE AND ITS COUNTIES. Page. Definitions 647 Total value of farm products 647 Farms and farm property 649 Progress during the decade 1900-1910 649 Population, number of farms, farm acreage: 1850 to 1910. . 650 Values of farm property: 1850 to 1910 650 Average acreage and values per farm: 1850 to 1910 651 Farm tenure: 1880 to 1910 651 Farm mortgages: 1890 to 1910 652 Farms by size groups: 1910 and 1900 653 Color and nativity of farmers: 1910 654 Domestic animals, poultry, and bees 654 Domestic animals on farms: 1910 654 Poultry on farms: 1910 and 1900 655 Bees on farms: 1910 and 1900 655 Domestic animals not on farms: 1910 655 Domestic animals on farms and not on farms: 1910 656 Live stock products 656 Dairy products: 1909 and 1899 656 Wool: 1909 and 1899 657 Goat hair and mohair: 1909 and 1899 657 Poultry products: 1909 and 1899 657 Honey and wax: 1909 657 Sale or slaughter of domestic animals on farms: 1909 and 1899 657 Crops 658 Summary: 1909 and 1899 658 General farm crops, minor grains and seeds, and sundry mmor crops: 1879 to 1909 659 Vegetables, flowers and plants, and nursery products: 1909 and 1899 660 Small fruits: 1909 and 1899 661 Orchard fruits, grapes, nuts, and tropical fruits: 1909 and 1899 661 Sugar crops: 1909 and 1899 662 Forest products: 1909 and 1899 662 Miscellaneous crops: 1909 662 Selected farm expenses and receipts 662 Farm expenses: 1909 and 1899 662 Receipts from sale »f feedable crops: 1909 662 PRINCIPAL TABLES. Table 1. — Farms and farm property^, by counties: April 15, 1910 .- '. 664 Table 2. — Number, acreage, and value of farms classified by tenure; color and nativity of farmers; and mortgage debt, by counties: April 15, 1910 670 Table 3. — Live stock products, and domestic animals sold or slaughtered on farms, by counties: 1909 670 Table 4, — Value of all crops and principal classes thereof, and acreage and production of principal crops, by coimties: 1909. 676 Table 5. — Selected farm expenses and receipts, by counties: 1909 , 676 Table 6. — Number and value of domestic animals not on farms, by counties: April 15, 1910 682 MAPS. Per cent of land area in farms 648 Average value of farm land per acre 648 MANXTF ACTTTBE S. Chapter 4.— STATISTICS FOR STATE, CITIES, AND INDUSTRIES. Definition of terms 685 Industries in general 687 General character of the state 687 Importance and growth of manufactures 687 Industries in general — Continued. page. Persons engaged in manufacturing industries 696 Wage earners employed, by months 698 Prevailing hours of labor 699 Location of establishments 701 Character of ownership 706 Size of establishment 708 Expenses 714 Engines and power 715 Fuel 716 Supplementary data regarding important industries 717 Printing and publishing 717 Textiles , 718 Hosiery and knit goods 718 Silk and silk goods 719 Carpets and rugs 720 Woolen, worsted, and felt goods, and wool hats 721 Cotton goods 722 Fur-felt hats 722 Slaughtering and meat packing 722 Lumber and timber products 728 Flour-mill and gristmill products 724 Paper and wood pulp 724 Boots and shoes 726 Butter, cheese, and condensed milk 726 Gas, illuminating and heating 727 Iron and steel, steel works and rolling mills 728 Iron and steel, blast furnaces 728 Chemicals 729 Musical instruments, pianos and organs and materials 729 Automobiles 730 Paint and varnish 731 Leather, tanned, curried, and finished 731 Soap 732 Canning and preserving 733 Agricultural implements 734 Gloves and mittens, leather 734 Carriages and wagons and materials 735 Shipbuilding, including boat building 735 Wire 736 Laundries 736 Custom sawmills and gristmills 737 PRINCIPAL tables. Table I: Comparative summary for 1909, 1904, and 1899 738 The state — All industries combined and selected industries. 738 Cities of 50,000 inhabitants or more — All industries combined and selected industries 744 Cities of 10,000 to 50,000 inhabitants— All industries combined 764 Table II: Detail statement for the state, by industries: 1909. . 766 Table III: Detail statement for cities 772 Cities of 50,000 inhabitants or more, by industries 772 Cities of 10,000 to 50,000 inhabitants— All industries combined 782 MINES AND QUABBEES. Chapter 5.— MINES AND QUARRIES. Definition of terms 785 Summary 786 Character of oi^anization 786 Size of enterprises 786 Persons employed in mining 786 Prevailing hours of labor 787 Engines and power 787 Comparison of mining industries: 1902-1909 787 Duplication between manufactures and mining 787 Detailed statistics for mining industries: 1909 788 LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE AND LABOR, BUKEAU OF THE CENSUS, WasMrigton, D. 0., December 21, 1912. Sm: I have the honor to transmit herewith the Abstract of the Thirteenth Decennial Census, with supplement for the state of New York. The volume is divided into two sections, the first relating to the United States as a whole, to the different states, and to the priacipal cities; and the second relating to the state of New York, its counties, cities, and other civil divisions. In condensed form the first section contains the principal statistics gathered at the decennial enumeration of 1910 on the subjects of population (except occupation statistics), agriculture, manufactures, and mining. In the second section of the volume the same subjects are treated with greater detail for the state of New York, and the material here presented embraces all of the census results to be published concerning that state, its counties, cities, and other civil divisions, except as to occupations. Other editions of the Abstract are being issued with supplements relating to the other states and to the District of Columbia, Alaska, Hawaii, and Porto Rico, respectively. The various editions are identical, so far as the first section is concerned. Respectfully, IKy\./^OJ ^ Hon. Charles Nagel, Secretary of Commerce and Labor. Director of the Census. (11) o ca HI > n o CM I o (12) INTRODUCTION. SCOPE AND CHABACTEB OF a?HE REPORT. The present volume gives a report in condensed form of the Thirteenth Decennial Census of the United States, taken in the year 1910. It covers the four principal branches — Population, Agriculture, Manufac- tures, and Mines and Quarries — and is complete as to aU the subjects comprised under these four branches, except the subject of occupations and one or two minor inquiries of the population schedule, the data for which have not yet been fully tabulated. Most of the results of the census for individual states and for the country as a whole have been pub- lished from time to time in the form of press notices and preliminary buUetins, but the present report is the first general publication covering all topics. Combination of condensed summary with detailed state presentation. — For a group of statistical inquiries cover- ing as many subjects as the decennial census of the United States, an exhaustive report giving results for the smaller geographic units, such as counties and minor civil divisions, needs for its presentation a series of bulky volumes. Such a report, however valuable in libraries and reference collections, is inconvenient for general use, because the main results of the census must be picked out from a mass of geographical detail, and at the same time a person who wishes complete statistics for his own state, county, or city is obliged to search through several volumes. The Bureau of the Census therefore has prepared the present volume, which assembles in one place all the general results of the census. It presents statistics regarding popula- tion, agriculture, manufactures, and mines and quar- ries for the United States as a whole and for indi- vidual states; and statistics regarding population and manufactures also for the principal cities. This volume includes a supplement for the state of New York and is intended for distribution in that state. The supplement contains all of the details pub- lished by the census for counties and other subdivisions of the state regarding population, agriculture, and man- ufactures. Statistics for the state as a whole cover the same subjects in somewhat greater detail, and also mining industries. Editions for distribution in other states will contain similar supplements relating to those states. The purpose of the report is thus to combiae in one volume so far as practicable the advantages of a con- densed treatment with those of an exhaustive treat- ment of the census results. Many persons desire gen- eral statistics for the United States as a whole, for the states as its primary subdivisions, and for the princi- pal cities of the country, but the interest of any one person in local details does not as a rule extend beyond the state in which he resides. The combination, there- fore, of a condensed census report and a state supple- ment will, it is believed, meet the needs of by far the majority of those who are interested in census results. Limitation of term " United States." — The area of enumeration of the Thirteenth Decennial Census in- cluded, besides the United States in the ordinary understanding of that term, Alaska, Hawaii, and Porto Kico. Other outlying possessions and depend- encies were not canvassed. The totals presented for the United States do not include Alaska, Hawaii, and Porto Rico, except when expressly stated. The exclu- sion of these outlying possessions from most of the tables and discussion rests on the obvious differences as respects population and social and economic condi- tions between these distant territories and continental United States. Grouping of states in geographic divisions. — Almost aU the facts presented in the tables and discussed in the text of this volume are given for each state as well as for the United States as a whole. Because, however, of the large number of states, and for other reasons, it is extremely difficult to exhibit the broad, geographical conditions regarding population and pro- duction by means of comparisons among individual states. In addition, therefore, to the presentation of statistics by states, this volume gives statistics for nine groups of states, which are designated as geo- graphic divisions. The states which constitute each division can be found in any of the general tables and can be seen at a glance on the accompanying map. This plan reduces the comparisons necessary to a general understanding of the geographic differences in conditions to a number which can be readUy grasped. The states within each of these divisions are for the most part fairly homogeneous in physical character- istics, as weU as in the characteristics of their popu- lation and their economic and social conditions, while on the other hand each division differs more or less sharply from most others in these respects. In forming these groups of states the lines have been based partly on physical and partly on historical con- ditions. These nine geographic divisions are some- times grouped in the text tables into three great sec- tions — the North, which includes the New England, Middle Atlantic, East North Central, and West North Central divisions; the South, which includes the South Atlantic, East South Central, and West South Central divisions; and the West, which includes the Mountain and Pacific divisions. (13) 14 INTRODUCTION. The grouping of the states in geographic divisions has facilitated a geographical rather than an alpha- betical order in the tables which present the results for individual states. The advantage of this geo- graphical order lies in the greater ease with which conditions in contiguous states can be compared. Statistics for urban avd rural communities. — Cities represent, in comparison with the remainder of the country, a distinct type of economic and industrial life. This fundamental distinction between the economic activities of urban and rural districts brings with it certain marked differences with respect to the composition and characteristics of the population. As the cities are very numerous, and as they contain often a large part of the total population of a state, these differences can not be readily perceived by comparing the statistics for individual cities with those for the states. For convenience of comparison, therefore, the more important statistics regarding the number, composition, and characteristics of the popu- lation have been presented separately for urban com- munities as a group and for rural communities as a group. In drawing this distinction all incorporated places (including New England towns) having a popu- lation of 2,500 inhabitants or more are considered as urban, and the remainder of the country as rural. A discussion of this classification is found in Chapter 1. Statistics concerning the urban -as distinguished from the rural communities are given in many of the tables by states, but the more detailed statistics as well as the text discussion regarding the differences between the two classes of communities are confined to the United States as a whole and the geographic divisions. A further analysis of the urban population is given in some of the tables by classifying the cities according to their size. This grouping of the cities would have little significance in the case of many indi- vidual states, because of the small number of larger cities, but is of much interest in the case of the geo- graphic divisions. In addition to statistics for urban communities as a class, figures are given throughout the chapters on population and manufactures for the more important cities individually. For the larger cities the tables generally give the same details as for the states. For smaller cities the statistics are presented in more con- densed form. Comparative and derivative figures. — Both in the general tables and in the text discussion an effort has been made to enhance the value of the statis- tics for the census of 1910 by the introduction of comparative figures for earher censuses, and by the presentation of important ratios, averages, and per- centages. The full significance of census data is brought out only by comparisons between different censuses and between different classes and communities for the same census, and comparisons based upon abso- lute numbers are usually much less instructive and less readily grasped than those based upon percent- ages and averages. Text discussion of tables. — The general aspects of the statistics presented in tabular form are briefly dis- cussed in the accompanying text. This explanatory text serves the purpose of calling attention to cer- tain important results of the census inquiry. It is not intended that this text shall present an exhaustive analysis of the statistics. In the main, therefore, the discussion is confined to the facts disclosed by the census concerning the United States as a whole and the geographic divisions, with only occasional reference to the figures for individual states or cities. "This general discussion, however, should serve as a guide in the interpretation of figures for such smaller geo- graphic units, and should likewise be useful in pre- venting erroneous conclusions which might occasion- ally be drawn from the consideration of an isolated table, without taking into account its relation to other census data. In the presentation of the results of the census by subjects, the text and tables relative to any subject have been treated as a unit, the tables being either inserted in the text or placed immediately after it. This represents a departure from the practice, followed in many census reports, of printing the general tables at the end of the volume and the text comment at the beginning, but it is beheved to effect a distinct gain for those who consult the volume to study a given subject. At the same time those who merely refer to it for some particular figure will readily find it with the aid of the table of contents and the index. Maps and diagrams have been employed in this vol- ume to present graphically some of the more important facts ascertained by the census enumeration, and have as far as possible, hke the tables, been printed in im- mediate connection with the discussion of the subject to which they relate. Index. — ^It win be recognized that the separate facts treated in this volume are so numerous that the prep- aration of a complete index both by subjects and by geographic units would be impracticable and of doubt- ful utility. The table of contents at the beginning of the volume wiU serve the needs of those who are interested in the broad general treatment of any of the topics included within the volume. To meet the needs of those who will use it mainly as a work of ready reference, an index has been prepared which, under each of the four main heads of the census — Population, Agriculture, Manufactures, and Mines and Quarries — gives an alphabetical list of the topics covered by the tables, and an indication of the classes of geographic units to which the figures given relate. Those who wish some items of information relative to some particular state or city can readily find it by looking up the index references for the class to which it belongs, either "states" or "cities," as the case may be. Missing Page Missing Page ABSTRACT OF THE THIRTEENTH CENSUS 1910 POPULATION AGRICULTURE MANUFACTURES MINES AND QUARRIES 72497°— 13- POPULATION Chapter 1.— NUMBER AND DISTRIBUTION OF INHABITANTS Chapter 2.— COLOR OR RACE, NATIVITY, PARENTAGE, AND SEX Chapter 3.— AGE AND MARITAL CONDITION Chapter 4.— STATE OF BIRTH OF NATIVE POPULATION Chapter 5.— POPULATION OF FOREIGN BIRTH AND FOREIGN PARENTAGE, BY COUNTRY OF.ORIGIN Chapter 6.— FOREIGN-BORN POPULATION— DATE OF IMMIGRATION Chapter 7.— SCHOOL ATTENDANCE AND ILLITERACY Chapter 8.— DWELLINGS AND FAMILIES (19) Chapter 1. NUMBER AND DISTEIBUTION OF INHABITANTS. Introdaction. — This chapter presents in condensed form the main results of the Thirteenth Census, which relate to the number of inhabitants, and their distribu- tion over the territory of the United States. The tables show the number of inhabitants enumer- ated in each state, county, and city or incorporated place of 2,500 inhabitants or more. For the states comparative figures are given back to the first census in 1790; for counties and cities the comparison is con- fined to 1910, 1900, and 1890. In connection with the population of states and cities considerable attention is given to the increase of the population, especially in the last decade. A table is also presented showing the population for apportion- ment purposes, which according to the Constitution excludes Indians who are not taxed. The chapter shows further the distribution of the population between urban and rural communities, together with the growth of population in urban and rural territory. It also further distinguishes the urban population by different classes of comnlunities grouped according to size. The importance of the suburbs of the larger cities is shown in the calculation of what are designated metropolitan districts, including the urban population residing within approximately 10 miles of the cities -having over 200,000 inhabitants. POPUIATION OF THE UNITED STATES AND OF STATES AND TEEEITOEIES. Area of enumeration in 1910. — The Thirteenth Census of the United States was taken by the Bureau of the Census as of April 15, 1910. The total area enumerated included the United States, the territories of Alaska and Hawaii, and Porto Eico. The enumera- tion also included persons stationed abroad in the military and naval service of the Government (in- cluding civilian employees, etc.), who were specially enumerated through the cooperation of the War and Navy Departments. Table 1 gives the total population for the area enumerated in 1910. The corresponding census figures for 1900 are also given for purposes of comparison. The rate of increase from 1900 to 1910 was 20.9 per cent for the total area of enumeration and 21 per cent for the United States. It should be noted that this table does not cover aU the outlying possessions of the United States. Including the population of the PhiHppines and other possessions, the population living under the American flag is approximately as follows: Population of the United States and posseBsions. 101, 100, 000 Enumerated at the census of 1910 93, 402, 151 Philippine Islands, 1903 7, 635, 426 Guam, estimated 9,000 Samoa, estimated 6, 100 Panama Canal Zone, estimated 50, 000 Table 1 AREA. 1910 1900 Tnfeil flTPii nf (■niimfiTatinTi 93, 402, 151 1 77, 256, 630 United States exclusive of outlying possessions 91, 972, 266 1, 429, 885 75, 994, 575 1,262,055 Outlying possessions enumerated Alaska 64, 356 191, 909 1, 118, 012 55, 608 63, 592 154, 001 2 953, 243 91,219 Porto Rico Persons in military and naval service stationed abroad 1 Includes 933,243 persons enumerated in Porto Eico in 1899. ' According to the census of Porto Rico taken in 1899 under the direction of the War Department. United States. — Unless otherwise expressly stated, the term "United States," wherever used, either in text or in tables throughout the abstract, means the United States exclusive of Alaska, Hawaii, Porto Rico, or any other outlying possessions. The term, in other words, is synonymous with the term "Con- tinental United States," which has sometimes been used in other census reports. On account of the wide difference in conditions as between the United States as thus defined and its outlying possessions, it has been deemed best in general not to include statis- tics for the latter in the same tables with statistics for the former. The population of the United States in 1910 was 91,972,266. This represents an increase duriag the past decade of 15,977,691, or 21 per cent, over the pop- ulation in 1900, which was 75,994,575. The rate of increase was slightly greater than from 1890 to 1900. (21) 22 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. The table foUowilig shows the population of the United States as enumerated at each census from 1790 to 1910, inclusive, together with the increase and per cent of increase during each decade, and also adjusted percentages of increase explaiaed in the paragraphs below : Table 2 CENSUS YEAR. Population of the United States. INCREASE OVEK PRECEDING CENSUS. Adjusted percentages of increase. Number. Per cent. 1910 91, 972, 266 75, 994, 575 62, 947, 714 50, 155, 783 38, 558, 371 31, 443, 321 23, 191, 876 17, 069, 453 12, 866, 020 9, 638, 453 7, 239, 881 5, 308, 483 3, 929, 214 15, 977, 691 13, 046, 861 12, 791, 931 11, 597, 412 7, 115, 050 8, 251, 445 6, 122, 423 4,203,433 3, 227, 567 2, 398, 572 1, 931, 398 1, 379, 269 21.0 20.7 25.5 30.1 22.6 35.6 35.9 32.7 33.5 33.1 36.4 35.1 21.0 20.7 24.9 26.0 26.6 35.6 35.9 32.7 33.5 33.1 36.4 35.1 1900 1890 1880 1870 1860 1850 1840 1830.. 1820 ■-. 1810 1800 1790 1 In considering the changes in population as reported by the census it is to be noted that Indians and other persons in Indian Territory and on Indian res- ervations were enumerated for the first time in 1890, so that the figures for that census are not strictly com- parable with those for 1880 and preceding censuses. To show correctly the rate of increase of population from 1880 to 1890 it is necessary to ehminate 325,464 Indians and other persons from the figures for 1890, which leaves a population of 62,622,250. This, figure shows an increase over 1880 of 12,466,467, or 24.9 per cent. The evidence is clear that there was a marked deficiency in the enumeration of the population in the Southern states in 1870, resulting in an understatement of the increase from 1860 to 1870 and an overstatement of the increase from 1870 to 1880. There is no means of ascertaining accurately the extent of the deficiency, but an approximate estimate of the true population in 1870 was made in the census report of 1890 (Popula- tion, Part I, pp. xi, xii, and xvi) by which the popu- lation in 1870 was placed at 39,818,449 instead of 38,558,371. Using this figure the increase of 1870 over 1860 would be 8,375,128, or 26.6 per cent, and the increase of 1880 over 1870, 10,337,334, or 26 per cent. Summarizing, it may be said that the population of the United States showed approximately an increase of one-third during each of the seven decades from 1790 to 1860; of one-fourth during each of the three decades from 1860 to 1890; and of one-fifth during each of the last two decades, 1890 to 1900 and 1900 to 1910. Divisions and states. — The population of the United States by divisions and states, with their rank ac- cording to population, at each Federal census from 1790 to 1910, inclusive, is shown in Table 5, on pages 24 and 25. This table shows, in addition to the popu- lation of the United States proper, that of Alaska, Hawaii, and Porto Rico, and the number of persons in the military and naval service stationed abroad. The following table shows the per cent of the total population of the United States in each geographic division at the censuses of 1910, 1900, 1890, and 1850, the latter being added as representing condi- tions shown by the first census taken after the last of the important accessions to the territory of the United States had taken place. Table 3 PER CENT OF TOTAL. 1910 1900 1S90 1850 United States 100.0 7.1 21.0 19.8 12.7 13.3 9.1 9.6 2.9 4.6 100.0 7.4 20.3 21.0 13.6 13.7 9.9 8.6 2.2 3.2 100.0 7.S 20.2 21.4 14.2 14.1 10.2 7.5 1.9 3.0 100.0 Now T^^nplftTirt 11 8 Middle Atlantic 25.4 West North Central 3 8 South Atlantic East South Central 14 5 West South Central. 4 1 The growth of the population of the United States by divisions and states in the last 20 years is shown in Table 4. The accompanying map shows the per cent of increase of the population in each of the states during the last decade, different rates of increase being indicated by differences in shading. The table and map show that there were 1 1 states in which population increased more than 50 per cent between 1900 and 1910, as follows: Washington, Okla- homa, Idaho, Nevada, North Dakota,' New Mexico, Ari- zona, Oregon, Cahfornia, Wyoming, andMontana. Four divisions — the Pacific, Mountain, West South Central, and Middle Atlantic — ^increased in each of the last two decades more rapidly than the country as a whole . With one exception (the West South Central) these divisions with a high rate of increase from 1890 to 1900 grew stiU faster from 1900 to 1910, and divisions with a rela- tively low rate of growth in the former decade grew still more slowly in the latter decade. NUMBER AND DISTRIBUTION OF INHABITANTS. INCREASE IN TOTAL POPULATION, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES: 1890-1910. 23 Table 4 inckease: 1 1900-1910 INCREASE:^ 1890-1900 DIVISION AND STATE. increase:! 1900-1910 increase: 1 1890-1900 Number. I'er cent. Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. tJjiited States 15,977,691 21.0 13,046,861 20.7 South Atlantic: 17,687 107,302 62,361 207,428 262,319 312,477 176,084 392,790 224,077 142,731 164,173 309,396 245,844 262,885 274,763 866,764 847,832 132,724 163,822 63,434 259,324 131,991 81,423 96,602 39,540 623,887 259,229 892,496 9.5 9.0 18.8 11.2 27.4 16.5 13.1 17.7 42.4 6.6 8.1 16.9 15.8 20.0 19.9 109.7 27.8 54.5 101.3 57.7 48.0 67.6 66.2 34.9 93.4 120.4 62.7 60.1 16,242 146,664 48,326 198,204 196,006 276,861 189,167 378,978 137,120 288,639 263,098 315,296 261,670 183,353 263,037 531,734 813,183 100,405 73,224 29,976 126,451 35,028 34,688 65,970 -5,020 160,871 96,832 271,655 •• 9.6 Geog-hapeqc divisions: 960,664 3,861,214 2,205,040 1,290,498 1,751,415 862, 144 2,252,244 968,860 1,775,612 17.2 25.0 14.2 12.6 16.8 11.4 34.5 57.3 73.6 891,268 2,748,458 2,607,276 1,415,311 1,585,658 1,118,603 1,791,307 460,722 628,368 19.0 21.6 18.6 15.8 17.9 17.4 37.8 38.0 28.0 Maryland . ' / 14.0 21.0 Middle Atlantic 12.0 West Virginia 26.7 West North Central North Carolina , . 17.1 16.4 20.6 West South Central . . . Florida- . 35.0 East South Central: Pacific . . 15.5 47,905 18,984 12,315 561,070 114,054 206,336 1,844,720 653,498 1,362,996 609,676 184,414 817,041 389,191 264,818 324,314 -7,082 186,670 257,910 182,318 125,914 220,454 6.9 4.6 3.6 20.0 26.6 22.7 25.4 34.7 21.6 14.7 7.3 16.9 16.1 12.8 18.5 -0.3 6.0 80.8 46.4 11.8 15.0 33,380 36,068 11,219 566,399 83,050 162, 162 1,265,720 438,736 1,044,002 485,216 324,058 996,198 327,092 376,712 441,111 319,666 427,480 128,163 52,970 3,644 42,387 5.0 9.3 3.4 •25.3 24.0 21.7 21.1 30.4 19.9 13.2 14.8 26.0 15.6 22.2 33.7 16.7 16.0 67.1 16.2 0.3 3.0 14.3 20.8 20.3 West South Central: 16.3 Louisiana 23.6 205.6 Middle Atlantic: Texas 36.4 Mountain: Montana New Jersey. 70.3 82.7 47.9 Ohio 30.6 Indiana. ..... New Mexico t 21.9 Illinois 39.3 Utah 31.3 Nevada -10.6 West Nohth Central: Pacific: Washington 45.0 30.2 California 22.4 North Dakota South Dakota . . Kansas . . ... lA minus sign {— ) denotes decrease. 2 Includes population of Indian Territory for 1890 and 1900. PER CENT OF INCEEASE IN TOTAL POPULATION, BY STATES: 1900-1910. INCREASE. Illll Less than 10 per cent. f^ 10 to 20 per cent. ^ 20 to 3D per cent. 1^ 30 to 50 per cent. lagl 50 per cent and over. The heavy lines (^) show geographiic divisions. 24 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES, AND OF SPECIFIED Table 5 DIVISIOK AND STATE. 1910 1900 1890' 1880 1870 I860 Population. Rank. ) Population. Rank. Population. Rank. Population. Rank. Population. Rank. Population. Rank. 1 United States, excluding outlying possessions Geogbaphic divisions: New England 91,972,268 76,991,676 62,917,714 60,165,783 38,658,371 81,413,321 ? 6,562,681 19,315,892 18,260,621 11,637,921 12,194,895 8,409,901 8,784,634 2,633,517 4,192,304 VII I II rv III VI V IX VIII 6,592,017 16,454,678 15,986,581 10,347,423 10,443,480 7,547,757 6,632,290 1,674,657 2,416,692 VII II I rv III V VI IX VIII 4,700,749 12,706,220 13,478,305 8,932,112 8,857,922 6,429,154 4,740,983 1,213,935 1,888,334 VII II I m rv V VI IX VIII 4,010,629 10,496,878 11,206,668 6,167,443 7,597,197 6,685,151 3,334,220 653,119 1,114,578 VI II I IV III V VII IX VIII 3,487,924 8,810,806 9,124,617 3,856,694 5,853,610 4,404,445 2,029,965 315,385 675, 125 VI II I V III IV VII IX VIII 3,135,283 7,458,985 6,926,884 2,169,832 5,364,703 4,020,991 1,747,667 174,923 444,063 V li Middle Atlantic I 4 East North Central Wes.t North Central South Atlantic n VI III 7 S Eaat South Central West South Central Mountain IV vn IX 10 Pacific 11 New .England: Maine 742,371 430,572 355,956 3,366,416 642,610 1,114,756 9,113,614 2,537,167 7,665,111 4,767,121 2,700,876 6,638,591 2,810,173 2,333,860 2,075,708 2,224,771 3,293,335 677,056 683,888 1,192,214 1,690,949 202,322 1,295,346 331,069 2,061,612 1,221,119 2,206,287 1,515,400 2,609,121 762,619 2,289,905 2,184,789 2,138,093 1,797,114 1,574,449 1,656,388 1,657,165 3,896,542 376,053 326,594 146,965 799,024 327,301 204,354 373,351 81,875 1,141,990 672,765 2,377,549 34 39 42 6 38 31 1 11 2 4 9 3 8 13 19 15 7 37 36 29 22 47 27 43 20 28 16 26 10 33 14 17 18 21 26 24 23 S 40 46 48 32 44 46 41 49 30 35 12 694,406 411,688 343,641 2,805,346 428,556 908,420 7,268,894 1,883,669 6,302,115 4,167,645 2,516,462 «, 821, 660 2,420,982 2,069,042 1,761,394 2,231,853 3,106,666 319,146 401,570 1,066,300 1,470,495 184,735 1,188,044 278,718 1,854,184 958,800 1,893,810 1,340,316 2,216,331 628,542 2,147,174 2,020,616 1,828,697 1,661,270 1,311,564 1,381,625 • 790,391 3,048,710 243,329 161,772 92,531 539,700 195,310 122,931 276,749 42,335 618,103 413,536 1,485,053 31 37 39 7 35 29 1 16 2 4 1 9 13 19 10 5 40 38 27 22 45 26 41 17 28 15 24 11 33 12 14 18 20 25 23 '30 6 43 46 48 32 44 47 42 49 34 36 21 661,086 376,630 332,422 2,238,947 346,606 746,258 6,003,174 1,444,933 5,268,113 3,672,329 2,192,404 3,826,352 2,093,890 1,693,330 1,310,283 1,912,297 2,679,185 190,983 348,600 1,062,666 1,428,108 168,493 1,042,390 230,392 1,655,980 762,794 1,617,949 1,151,149 1,837,353 391,422 1,858,635 1,767,618 1,513,401 1,289,600 1,128,211 1,118,588 • 258, 667 2,235,627 142,924 88,648 62,556 413,249 160,282 88,243 210,779 47,355 357,232 317,704 1,213,398 30 33 37 6 36 29 1 18 2 4 8 3 9 14 20 10 6 42 8 35 26 19 43 27 40 15 28 18 23 12 32 11 13 17 21 24 25 8 39 7 45 46 48 31 44 347 41 49 34 38 22 648,936 346,991 332,286 1,783,085 276,631 622,700 6,082,871 1,131,116 4,282,891 3,198,062 1,978,301 3,077,871 1,636,937 1,316,497 780,773 1,624,615 2,168,380 } « 135, 177 452,402 996,096 146,608 934,943 177,624 1,512,565 618,467 1,399,750 995,577 1,642,180 269,493 1,648,690 1,542,369 1,262,605 1,131,597 802,525 939,946 27 31 32 7 33 28 1 19 2 3 6 4 9 16 26 10 5 40 30 20 38 23 36 14 29 16 21 13 34 8 12 17 18 25 22 626,915 318,300 330,551 1,457,361 217,363 537,454 4,382,769 906,096 3,521,961 2,666,260 1,680,637 2,539,891 1,184,059 1,054,670 439,706 1,194,020 1,721,295 •14,181 122,993 364,399 125,015 780,894 131,700 1,225,163 442,014 1,071,361 705,606 1,184,109 187,748 1,321,011 1,268,620 996,992 827,922 484,471 726,915 23 31 30 7 32 25 1 17 2 3 6 4 13 16 28 11 5 46 36 29 35 20 34 10 27 14 22 12 33 8 9 16 18 26 21 628,279 326,073 316,098 1,231,066 174,620 460,147 3,880,735 672,035 2,906,215 2,339,511 1,350,428 1,711,961 749,113 775,881 172,023 674,913 1,182,012 '4,837 28,841 107,206 112,216 687,049 75,080 1,586,318 22 10 27 n Vermont 28 11 Massachusetts 7 1*1 29 10 Connecticut 24 17 MiDDLB Atlantic: NewYork 1 1R 21 2 East North Central: Ohio 3 **1 Indiana 6 4 16 24 Wisconsin 15 05 West Nokth Central: Minnesota 30 20 07 Missouri 8 28 North Dakota . . . 42 ?0 Nebraska 39 33 92 South Atlantic: 32 19 34 35 District of Columbia 35 6 36 37 Nortii Carolina. - 992,622 703, 708 1,057,286 140,424 1,155,684 1,109,801 964,201 791,305 435,450 708,002 12 18 ?0 Georgia 11 40 41 Florida .. . 31 East South Central: Kentucky 9 10 4^ Alabama 13 14 West Sotrra Central: 25 17 1,591,749 39,169 32,610 20,789 194,327 119,565 40,440 143,963 62,266 75,116 174,768 864,694 11 45 46 47 35 41 44 39 43 42 37 24 818,579 20,695 14,999 9,118 39,864 91,874 9,668 86,786 42,491 23,955 90,923 560,247 19 43 44 47 41 37 46 39 40 42 38 24 604,215 23 49 50 51 Mountain: 34,277 93,516 38 34 54 Utah 40,273 6,857 11,594 52,465 379,994 37 56 41 57 68 59 Pacific: 40 36 California 26 60 Outlying possessions enu- merated 1,429,886 1,262,065 122,012 33,426 61 62 63 64 Alaska 64,356 191,909 1,118,012 66,608 63,592 154,001 w 953, 243 91,219 32,052 » 89, 990 8 33,426 / 1 Includes population (325,464) of Indian Territory and Indian reservations specially enumerated in 1890, but not included in the general report on population J Includes persons (6,100 in 1840 and 5,318 In 1830) on public ships In the service oftheUnitedStates, not credited to any geographic division or state. 3 For 1890 the rank of South Dakota advances from 37 to 35 and that of Arizona from 48 to 47, when the population specially enumerated Is included; and that of Oklahoma advances from 46 to 39, when the population of Indian Territory and Indian reservations specially enumerated Is Included. * Population tor that part of Dakota territory taken to form North Dakota: 1880, 36,909; 1870, 2,405; and for that part taken to form South Dakota: 1880, 98,268; 1870, 11,776. » Dakota territory. « Includes populatioii of Indian Territory: 1900, 392,060; 1890, 180,182. NUMBER AND DISTRIBUTION OF INHABITANTS. OUTLYING POSSESSIONS, WITH RANK ACCORDING TO POPULATION: 1790-1910. 25 1860 1840 1880 1820 1810 1800 1590 Population. Rank. Population. Bank. Population. Hank. Population. Bank. Population. Bank. Population. Bank. Population. Bank. 1 23,191,876 : 17,069,463 312,866,020 9,638,463 7,239,881 6,308,483 3,929,214 2 3 4 2,728,116 5,898,735 4,523,260 880,335 4,679,090 3,363,271 940,261 72,927 105,891 V I III VII II IV VI IX VIII 2,234,822 4,526,260 2,924,728 426,814 3,925,299 2,675,445 449,985 V I III VII II IV VI 1,954,717 3,587,664- 1,470,018 140,456 3,645,752 1,815,969 246,127 Ill II V vn I IV VI 1,660,071 2,699,846 792,719 66,686 3,061,063 1,190,489 167,680 Ill II V VII I IV VI 1,471,973 2,014,702 272,324 19,783 2,674,891 708,690 77,618 Ill II V VII I IV VI 1,233,011 1,402,565 51,006 Ill II V 1,009,408 968,632 II m 6 7 2,286,494 335,407 I IV 1,851,806 109,368 I IV q in "* 11 12 13 14 16 16 17 18 19 20 21 583,169 317,976 314,120 994,514 147,545 370,792 3,097,394 489,556 2,311,786 1,980,329 988,416 861,470 397,654 305,391 6,077 192,214 682,044 16 22 23 6 28 21 1 19 2 3 7 11 20 24 36 27 13 601,793 284,674 291,948 737,699 108,830 309,978 2,428,921 373,306 1,724,033 1,619,467 686,866 476,183 212,267 30,945 13 22 21 8 24 20 1 18 2 3 10 14 23 30 399,465 269,328 280,652 610,408 97,199 297,675 1,918,608 320,823 1,348,233 937,903 343,031 157, 445 31,639 12 18 17 8 23 16 1 14 2 4 13 20 27 298,336 244,161 235,981 523,287 83,059 275,248 1,372,812 277,676 1,049,468 581,434 147,178 65,211 8,896 12 15 16 7 20 14 1 13 3 6 18 24 27 228,705 214,460 217,895 472,040 76,931 261,942 959,049 245,562 810,091 230,760 24,520 12,282 4,762 14 16 16 6 17 9 2 12 3 13 21 24 25 151,719 183,868 164,465 422,845 69,122 251,002 589,051 211,149 602,366 45,366 6,641 14 11 13 5 16 8 3 10 2 18 21 96,540 141,885 85,425 378,787 68,826 237,946 340,120 184,139 434,373 11 10 12 4 15 8 £ 9 2 23 24 ?5 ?fi 43,112 383,702 29 16 27 140,456 21 66,686 23 19,783 23 ■"R ?n 32 33 34 91,532 583,034 51,687 1,421,661 30 17 33 4 78,085 470,019 43,712 1,239,797 26 15 28 4 76,748 447,040 39,834 1,211,405 24 11 26 3 72, 749 407,350 33,039 1,066,366 22 10 25 2 72,674 380,546 24,023 974,600 19 8 22 1 64,273 341,548 14,093 880,200 17 7 19 1 59,096 319,728 16 6 36 ^6 747,610 1 37 38 39 40 869,039 668,507 906,185 87,445 982,405 1,002,717 771,623 606,526 209,897 617,762 10 14 9 31 8 5 12 15 26 18 753,419 594,398 691,392 54,477 779,828 829,210 690,756 375,651 97,674 362,411 7 11 9 27 6 6 12 17 25 19 737,987 681,185 616,823 34,730 687,917 681,904 309,527 136,621 30,388 215,739 6 9 10 26 6 7 16 22 28 19 638,829 502,741 340,989 4 8 11 555,500 416,115 252,433 4 6 11 478, 103 346,591 162, 686 4 6 12 393,751 249,073 82,548 3 7 13 41 42 43 44 45 564,317 422,823 127,901 75,448 14,273 153,407 6 9 19 21 26 17 406,511 261,727 7 10 220,955 106,602 9 15 73,677 35,691 14 17 40,352 1,062 76,556 20 26 18 8,850 20 47 48 212,692 25 60 5** 61,647 32 11,380 36 57 13,294 92,697 34 29 59 * 1 60 1 61 1 63 1 1 1 j i 1 r ' The territory ol Oklahoma in 1900 ranked 38 and Indian Territory 39. The rank for 1900 includes the population of Indian Territory with that of Oklahoma. ' Alaska was specially enumerated under the law, but the population was not Included in the general report on population in 1880. • According to the census taken as of Dee. 28, 1890, under the direction of the Hawaiian Government. 1" According to the census of Porto Eioo taken in 1899 under the direction of the War Department. 11 Persons in the military and naval service of the United States (including civilian employees, etc.) stationed abroad, not credited to any state or territory. 26 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. Apportionment of representation. — Table 6 giyes for 1910 the population of each state, exclusive of In- dians' not taxed, who, according to the Constitution, are not to be included in the population forming the basis of the apportionment of representatives among the several states. The population of Arizona and New Mexico is not included in the main table but is added as an appendix. These territories had not yet become states when the apportionment act of 1911 was passed, though provision for their representation was made in the act. Now that they hare been ad- mitted as states the total apportionment population of the states, exclusive of Indians not taxed, and not counting the District of Columbia, is 91,569,325. As the count of population is made primarily for the purpose of fixing the membership of the House of Representatives, under the provisions of section 2 of Article I of the Constitution, as modified by section 2 of Article XIV of the Amendments, a state- ment is given in Table 7 of the number of Representa- tives assigned to each of the states by the Constitution in 1789 and by the several apportionment acts from the formation of the Government to the present time. The dates of the apportionment acts and the ratio of population to each representative under said acts are also given on page 27. The membership of the House of Representatives was originally fixed at 65, under the provisions of section 2 of Article I of the Constitution. The apportionments of Representatives in Congress, under the first six censuses — 1790 to 1840, inclusive — were made by Congress, each by a separate act. The law for taking the census of 1850 (act of May 23, 1850, 9 Stat. L., 428), which was intended to be perraanent, presented a rule of apportionment, fixed the number of members of the House at 233, and directed the Secretary of the Interior thereafter to make the apportionment. The apportionment under the census of 1860 was also made under this law, but Congress, on March 4, 1862, fixed the total number of members at 24l, and the Secretary of the Interior apportioned the new quotas to the states. The apportionments from and after the census of 1870 were made by Congress, each by a separate act; hence it may be assumed that the power conferred on the Secretary of the Interior by the act of May 23, 1850, was repealed by implication. POPULATION FOR APPORTIONMENT PURPOSES: 1910. Table 6 Alabama Arkansas Calilomia Colorado Connecticut Delaware Florida Geoigia Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts.. Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey Total population: 1910 2,138,093 1,674,449 2,377,649 799,024 1,114,756 202,322 762,619 2,609,121 325,594 5,638,691 2,700,876 2,224,771 1,690,949 2,289,905 1,656,388 742,371 1,296,346 3,366,416 2,810,173 2,075,708 1,797,114 3,293,336 376,053 1,192,214 81,876, 430,672 2,637,167 Indians not taxed: 1910 2,154 1,332 9,715 1,682 Population basis of apportion- ment. 2,138,093 1,674,449 2,376,561 798,572 1,114,766 202,322 752,619 2,609,121 323,440 5,638,591 2,700,876 2,224,771 1,690,949 2,289,906 1,656,388 742,371 1,295,346 3,366,416 2,810,173 2,074,376 1,797,114 3,293,335 366,338 1,192,214 80,293 430,572 2,637,167 New York North Carolina. North Dakota.. Ohio Oklahoma Oregon PennsylTania... Ehode Island... South Carolina. South Dakota.. Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia.. Wisconsin Wyoming Total for 46 Arizona New Mexico Total, including Arizona and New Mexico District of Columbia Total for the United States Total population: 1910 9,113,614 2,206,287 677,066 4,767,121 1,657,165 672,765 7,665,111 542,610 1,515,400 2,184,789 3,896,642 373,351 355,956 2,061,612 1,141,990 1,221,119 2,333,860 146,965 91,109,642 204,364 327, 301 91,641,197 331,069 91,972,266 Indians not taxed: 1910 4,680 '2,653 8,212 1,487 1,856 1,007 1,307 37,425 24,129 10,318 71,872 Population basis of apportion- ment. 9,108,934 2,206,287 674,403 4,767,121 1,667,155 672,765 7,665,111 642,610 1,515,400 575,676 2,184,789 3,896,642 371,864 355,966 2,061,612 1,140,134 1,221,119 2,332,863 144,668 91,072,117 180,225 316.983 91,669,325 NUMBER AND DISTRIBUTION OF INHABITANTS. 27 NUMBER OF MEMBERS IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES UNDER EACH APPORTIONMENT: 1789-1910. '«•»'"« ' STATE. 1910 1900 1890 1880 18701 1860 2 1850 = 1840 1830 1820 1810 1800 1790 1789 435 386 S 356 1 325 7 292 241 234 S 223 9 240 2 213 181 S 141 1 105 65 Assigned to new states after apportionment Alabama 10 51 7 11 4 5 1 4 12 2 27 13 11 8 11 8 4 6 16 13 10 8 16 2 6 1 2 12 61 43 10 3 22 8 3 36 3 7 3 10 18 2 2 10 5 6 11 1 9 9 8 8 6 7 7 6 3 n Arizona 7 8 3 5 1 3 11 1 25 13 11 8 11 7 4 6 14 12 9 8 16 1 6 1 2 10 6 7 2 4 1 2 11 1 22 13 11 8 11 6 4 6 13 12 7 7 15 1 6 1 2 8 5 6 1 4 1 2 10 •1 20 13 11- 7 11 6 4 6 12 11 6 7 14 U 3 1 2 7 4 4 n t 2 9 3 3 2 2 1 12 11 4 1 1 7 4 1 1 8 4 1 U 8 6 1 6 1 7 2 7 1 7 1 5 1 Florida Georgia 9 7 6 4 2 3 Idaho 19 13 9 3 10 6 5 6 11 9 3 6 13 14 11 6 1 9 5 5 5 10 6 2 5 9 9 11 2 7 10 12 3 7 I U 11 Indiana Kansas 10 4 6 6 11 4 12 5 7 10 4 7 6 10 3 13 3 8 8 12 U 12 3 7 9 13 ID U «7 9 13 6 2 Maryland.. 9 17 8 14 6 8 Minnesota Mississippi 4 S 2 2 1 1 11 Missouri Nebraska 1 1 3 7 U 3 6 Nevada 3 5 t 5 6 6 6 6 6 5 6 4 5 3 New Jersey 4 New York 37 10 2 21 <5 2 32 2 7 2 10 16 1 2 10 3 5 11 1 34 9 1 21 34 9 <1 21 33 8 31 7 33 8 34 9 40 13 34 13 27 13 17 12 10 10 6 5 OliiG. . . . . 20 19 21 21 19 14 6 n 2 30 2 7 2 10 13 »1 2 10 2 4 10 1 1 28 2 7 12 10 11 1 27 2 5 1 24 2 4 '1 25 2 6 1 7 28 2 9 26 2 9 23 2 9 18 2 8 13 2 6 8 Khode Island . 1 5 South Dakota T<=nTiPSRpp 10 6 8 4 10 2 11 12 13 9 6 3 11 Texas Utah . 2 10 <1 4 9 11 3 9 3 11 3 13 4 15 5 21 5 22 6 23 4 22 2 19 10 West Vfrginia 3 8 6 3 12 ' Membership originally fixed at 283, but increased by act ol May 30, 1872, to 292 (17 Stat. L., 192). 5 Membership increased from 233 to 241 by act of Mar. 4, 1862 (12 Stat. L.,353). 3 Membership increased from 233 to 234 by act of July 30, 1852 (10 Stat. L., 25). 1 Assigned after apportionment. 6 Included in apportionment act in antlcii>ation of becoming a state. B Included in the 20 members originally assigned to Massachusetts, but credited to Maine, after its admission as a state, Mar. 15, 1820 (3 Stat. L., 555). DATES or APPORTIONMENT ACTS AND RATIO OF POPULATION TO EACH REPRESENTATIVE. CENSUS. Date of apportionment act. Ratio. CENSUS. Date of apportionment act. Ratio. 1910 Aug. 8, 1911 (37 Stat. L., 13) 211,877 194,182 173,901 151,911 131,425 127,381 93,423 1840 June 25, 1842 (5 Stat. L., 491) 70,680 1900 Jan. 16, 1901 (31 Stat. L., 733) 1830 1820 1810 May 22, 1832 (4 Stat. L., 516) 47,700 1890 Feb. 7 1891 (26 Stat. L., 735) . . Mar. 7, 1822 (3 Stat. L., 651) 40,000 1880 Feb. 25, 1882 (22 Stat. L., 5) Dec. 21, 1811 (2 Stat. L., 669) 35,000 1870 Feb. 2 1872 (17 Stat. L., 28) 1800 Jan. 14, 1802 (2 Stat. L., 128) 33,000 1860 May 23, 1850 (9 Stat. L., 428-432) 1790 Apr. 14, 1792 (1 Stat.L., 253) 33,000 May 23 1860 (9 Stat. L., 428-432) Constitution, 1789 30,000 28 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. AREA AND DENSITY OF POPUIATIOK. Area.— At the First Census, in 1790, the United States comprised substantially the territory between the Atlantic Ocean and the Mississippi River except Florida, representing a gross area (land and water sur- face) of 892,135 square miles. The United States, with its outlying possessions, now comprises a gross area of 3,743,306 square miles, or more. than four times the area in 1790. The successive accessions of territory were as follows: Table 8 ACCESSION. Gross area In square miles. ACCESSION. Gross area in square miles. United States 3,026,789 Outlying possessions . Alaska, 1867 716,617 AreaofU.S. In 17901 892, 135 827, 987 68,666 13,435 389, 166 286,641 629,189 29,670 690,884 6,449 Louisiana Purchase, 1803 .. Florida, 1819 Philipnine Islands, 1899.... Porto Eico, 1899 Territory gained throng 3,435 210 Treaty witli Spain, 1819. Guam, 1899 Texas, 1845 Samoa, 1900 77 Oregon, 1846 Panama Canal Zone, 1904. . 436 Mexican Cession, 1848 Gadsden Purchase, 1853 ... ' Includes the drainage basin of the Red Elver of the North, not a part of any acquisition, but previously considered a part of the Louisiana Purchase. The area in 1910, by states, was as follows: Table 9 Eauk in gross area. AKEA IN SQUAEE MILES. Gross. Land. Water. 1 United States 3,026,789 265, 896 158,297 146,997 122, 634 113,956 110,690 103,948 97,914 96,699 84,990 84,682 83,888 82,158 77,615 77,520 70,837 70, 057 69,420 69, 127 59,266 58,666 57,980 56,666 66, 147 66,066 63,335 62,426 51,998 49, 204 48,606 46,865 45,126 42,627 42,022 41,040 40,598 36,354 33,040 30, 989 24, 170 12,327 9,564 9,341 8,266 8,224 4,965 2,370 1,248 70 2.973,890 262,398 155, 652 146,201 122,503 113,810 109,821 103, 658 97,694 95,607 82, 184 80,858 83,354 81,774 76,868 76,808 70, 183 69, 414 68,727 66,836 68,725 64,861 67,480 66,043 65,586 65,256 52,525 48,740 61,279 47,664 45,409 46,362 44,832 40,262 41,687 40,740 40,181 36, 046 29,896 30,495 24,022 9,941 9,124 9,031 8,039 7,514 4,820 1,965 1,067 60 62,899 Texas . . 1 2 3 4 6 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 16 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 46 46 47 48 49 3,498 2 645 California 796 New Mexico., 131 Arizona.... 146 869 Colorado 290 WynTniTip. . 320 1,092 2,806 Utah Minnesota • 3,824 534 TTanqn.'s 384 South Dakota.. 747 712 North. Dakota 664 643 693 Wajshington . . . 2,291 Georgia 540 3,805 Michigan, . , . . 500 Illinois 622 Iowa . 661 Wisconsin . 810 Arkansas 810 "NTnrt.h (>rnljna 3,686 719 New York 1,550 3,097 Mississippi 503 Pennsylvania . 294 2,365 Tennessee . . 335 Ohio 300 Kentucky 417 309 Maine.- 3,145 494 West Virginia . . 148 2,386 440 310 227 710 145 405 181 10 1 Does not Include the water surface of the oceans, the Gulf of Mexico, or the Great Lakes, lying within the jurisdiction of the United States. Population per square mile. — Table 10 shows, for the United States, the total population, land area in square miles, and population per square mile of land area, at each census since 1790. Table 10 CENSUS TEAE. Population of the United states. Land area in square miles. Popula- tion per square mile. 1910 91,972,266 76,994,576 62,947,714 60,156,783 38,568,371 31,443,321 23,191,876 17,069,463 12,866,020 9,638,463 7,239,881 5,308,483 3,929,214 2,973,890 2,974,159 2,973,965 2,973,966 2,973,965 2,973,965 2,944,337 1,753,688 1,753,688 1,763,688 1,685,865 867,980 867,980 30.9 1900 ' 25.6 1890 21.2 1880 16.9 1870.. 13.0 1860 10.6 1860 7.9 1840 9.7 1830 7.3 1820 5.5 1810 4.3 1800 6.1 1790 4.5 According to the census of 1910, there were in the United States, on the average, 30.9 inhabitants to each square nule of land area, or nearly seven times the number per square mile shown for the much smaUer area of 1790, and nearly three times the number shown for 1860. The decrease in the average number of inhabitants per square mile at the censuses of 1810 and 1850 was due in each case to large accessions of thinly populated territory during the preceding decade. The relative density of population of each state of the United States in 1910 is exhibited by the map on the opposite page, while Table 11 shows, for each geo- graphic division and state, the population and land area in 1910 and the population per square mile at each of the last three censuses. In the order of density of population the geographic divisions ranked as follows in 1910: Middle Atlantic, 193.2 inhabitants per square mile; New England, 105.7; East North Central, 74.3; East South Central, 46.8; South Atlantic, 45.3; West North Central, 22.8; West South Central, 20.4; Pacific, 13.2; Mountain, 3.1. Aside from the District of Columbia there were 10 states in which there was in 1910 a population per square mile of more than 100. These states, in the order of density of population, are as foUows : Rhode Island, Massachusetts, New Jersey, Connecticut, New York, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Ohio, Delaware, and Ilhnois. There were 16 states which had, on the average, less than 18 inhabitants to the square mile. Eight of these states are in the Mountain division (comprising its entire area), 3 in the Pacific division (comprising its entire area), 3 in the West North Central division, 1 in the West South Central division, and 1 in the South Atlantic division. Among the outlying possessions Alaska had an aver- age density of only 0.1 per square mUe; Hawaii, 29.8, about that of Arkansas; and Porto Rico, 325.5, or greater than that of any state of the United States except Rhode Island, Massachusetts, and New Jersey. AREA AND DENSITY. POPULATION PER SQUARE MILE, BY STATES: 1910. 29 POPULATION PER SQUARE MILE, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES: 1910, 1900, AND 1890. Table 1 1 DIVISION AND 3TATE. United States Geoqbafhic divisions: New England Middle Atlantic East North Central West North Central South Atlantic East South Central West South Central Mountain Pacific New England: Maine New Hampshire Vermont Massachusetts Ehode Island Connecticut Middle Atlantic: New York New Jersey Pennsylvania East Noeth Centeal: Ohio Indiana Illinois Michigan Wisconsin West Noeth Centeal: Minnesota Iowa Missouri North Dakota South Dakota Nebraska Population 1910 91,972,266 6,552,681 19,315,892 18,250,621 11,637,921 12,194,895 8,409,901 8,784,534 2,633,517 4,192,304 742,371 430,672 355,956 3,366,416 642,610 1,114,756 9,113,614 2,637,167 7,665,111 4,767,121 2,700,876 5,638,591 2,810,173 2,333,860 2,075,708 2,224,771 3,293,335 677,066 683,888 1,192,214 1,690,949 Land area in square miles: 1910 2,973,890 61,976 100,000 245,564 610,804 269,071 179,509 429,746 869,125 318,095 29,896 9,031 9,124 8,039 1,067 4,820 47,654 7,514 44,832 40,740 36,045 56,043 57,480 55,266 80,858 65,586 68,727 70,183 76,868 76,808 81,774 population pee square MILE. 1910 30.9 105.7 193.2 74.3 22.8 45.3 46.8 20.4 3.1 13.2 24.8 47.7 39.0 418.8 508.5 231.3 191.2 337.7 171.0 117.0 74.9 100.6 48.9 42.2 26.7 40.0 47.9 8.2 7.6 15.5 20.7 1900 1890 SS.6 90.2 164.6 65.2 20.3 38.8 42.0 15.2 1.9 7.6 23.2 45.6 37.7 349.0 401.6 188.5 152.5 250.7 140.6 102.1 70.1 86.1 42.1 37.4 21.7 40.2 46.2 4.6 5.2 13.9 18.0 21.2 75.8 127.1 54.9 17.6 32.9 36.8 11.0 1.4 5.9 22.1 41.7 36.4 ■ 278. 5 323.8 154.8 126.0 192.3 117.3 90.1 61.1 68.3 36.4 30.6 16.2 34.4 39.0 2.7 4.6 13.8 17.6 division and state. South Atlantic: Delaware Maryland District of Columbia. Virginia West Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Florida East South Centeal: Kentucky Tennessee Alabama Mississippi West South Central: Arkansas Louisiana Oklahoma* Texas Mountain: Montana Idaho Wyoming Colorado New Mexico Arizona Utah Nevada Pacific: Washington Oregon Calijfomla Population 1910 202,322 1,295,346 331,069 2,061,612 1,221,119 2,206,287 1,515,400 2,609,121 752,619 2,289,905 2,184,789 2,138,093 1,797,114 1,574,449 1,656,388 1,667,156 3,896,642 376,053 326,594 146,966 799,024 327,301 204,354 373,361 81,876 1,141,990 672,765 2,377,549 Land area In square miles: 1910 1,965 9,941 60 40,262 24,022 48,740 30,495 58,725 54,861 40,181 41,687 51,279 46,362 62,626 45,409 69,414 262,398 146,201 83,354 97,694 103,668 122,603 113,810 82,184 109,821 66,836 96,607 156,662 population pes square MILE. 1910 1900 103.0 130.3 5,517.8 61.2 50.8 45.3 49.7 44.4 13.7 57.0 52.4 41.7 38.8 30.0 36.5 23.9 14.8 2.6 3.9 1.5 7.7 2.7 1.8 4.5 0.7 17.1 7.0 15.3 94.0 119.6 4,645.3 46.1 39.9 38.9 44.0 37.7 9.6 53.4 48.5 35.7 33.5 25.0 30.4 11.4 11.6 1.7 1.9 0.9 5.2 1.6 1.1 3.4 0.4 7.8 4.3 9.5 1890 85.7 104.9 3,972.3 41.1 31.8 33.2 37.7 31.3 7.1 46.3 42.4 29.5 27.8 21.5 24.6 3.7 8.5 1.0 1.1 0.6 4.0 1.3 0.8 2.6 0.4 6.3 3.3 7.8 ' Includes Indim Territory for 1890 and 1900. 30 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. CENTER OF POPULATION. On the basis of the Thirteenth Census returns the center of population and the median point for the United States have been determined for April 15, 1910. In these calculations no account is taken of the territory and population of Alaska and of other outlying possessions. The center is often understood to be the point of in- tersection of a north and south line which divides the population equally, with an east and west line which likewise divides it equally. This point of intersection is, in a certain sense, a center of population; it is here, however, designated the median point to distinguish it from the point technically defined as the center. The character of these two points may be made clear through a physical analogy. The center of population may be said to represent the center of gravity of the population. If the surface of the United States be considered as a rigid plane without weight, capable of sustaim'ng the population distributed thereon, individuals, being assumed to be of equal weight, and each, therefore, to exert a pressure on any supporting pivotal point directly proportional to his distance from the point, the pivotal point on which the plane balances would, of course, be its center of gravity; and this is the point referred to by the term "center of population," as used in this chapter. In determining the median point distance is not taken into account, and the location of the units of popu- lation is considered only in relation to the intersecting median lines — as being north or south of the median parallel and east or west of the median meridian. Extensive changes in the geographic distribution of the population may take place without affecting the median point, whereas the center of population re- sponds to the sUghtest population change in any sec- tion of the country. At the Thirteenth Census the center of population was in the following position: Latitude 39° 10' 12" N. Longitude 86° 32' 20" W. This point is in southern Indiana, in the* western part of Bloomington city, Monroe County. During the last decade, 1900 to 1910, the center of population moved west 43' 26", approximately 39 miles, while its northward movement was only 36", or approximately seven-tenths of a mile. The westward movement from 1900 to 1910 was nearly three times as great as that from 1890 to 1900, but was less than that for any decade between 1840 and 1890. The closeness with which the center of population throughout its westward movement has clung to the thirty-ninth parallel of latitude 'is remarkable. The total westward movement since 1790 is 557 mUes. The following table and the map on the opposite page show the location of the center of population and its proximity to important towns at each suc- cessive Federal census, and its westward advance during each decade since 1790: TaDle 12 LOCATION. APPBOXIMATE LOCATION BT IMPOBTANT TO'WNS. MOVEMENT IN MILES DUBING PBECEDINQ DECADE. CENSUS TEAE. North latitude. West longitude. From point to point In direct line. Westward. Northward. Southward. 1790 ■ t" 39 39 39 39 38 39 38 39 39 39 39 39 39 16 16 11 5 57 2 59 12 4 11 9 10 30 6 30 42 54 .0 24 8 56 36 12 76 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 85 86 11 56 37 33 16 18 19 48 35 39 32 48 32 # 12 30 12 54 48 42 40 53 54 20 23 miles east of Baltimore, Md 1800 18 miles west of Baltimore, Md 40.6 36.9 50.5 40.4 55.0 54.8 80.6 44.1 58.1 48.6 14.6 39.0 40.6 36.5 50.1 39.4 54.8 54.7 80.6 42.1 57.4 47.7 14.4 38.9 5 1810 ,. 40 miles northwest by west of Washington, CO.. 16 miles north of Woodstock, Va 5 3 1820 6 7 1830 19 miles west-southwest of Moorefield, W. Va 16 miles south of Clarksburg, W. Va 9 1840 4.7 1850 23 miles southeast of Parkersburg, W. Va 20 miles south of Chillicothe, Ohio 3 5 1860 1.6 13.3 1870 48 miles east by north of Cincinnati, Ohio 8 miles west by south of Cincinnati, Ohio 20 miles east of Columbus, Ind 1880 9 1 1890 9.0 1900 6 miles southeast of Columbus, Ind 2.8 1910 In the city of Bloomington, Ind 0.8 In connection with the location of the center of population of the United States it is of interest to note also the position of what may be termed the center of area — that is, the point on which the sur- face of the United States would balance if it were a plane of uniform weight per unit of area. This point is located in northern Kansas, 10 miles north of Smith Center, the county seat of Smith County, approximate latitude 39° 55', longitude 98° 50', and is therefore about three-fourths of a degree (51 miles) north and 12^ degrees (657 miles) west of the center of popu- lation. This would be the center of population if the population were distributed evenly over the territory of the United States. In 1910 the median point was located at latitude 40° 6' 24" north and longitude 84° 59' 59" west, prac- tically the eighty-fifth meridian. Its location, there- fore, was 3i miles south of Winchester, Randolph County, Ind.; its westward movement during the dec- ade was 7.5 miles, its northward movement 2.3 miles. t Cu rn 1- 3 s 3 O Z o « 8 z u 0> O Siis o Z o 1- fs 1^ LiJ 1- o < Q UJ o 00 00 1 < ^ ■s 3 (31) 32 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. POPULATION OF COUNTIES. Tables 13 and 14 show the area and population in 1910 of each county or equivalent subdivision of the United States, Alaska, Hawaii, and Porto Rico; also the population in 1900 and 1890, except for such counties as were organized subsequent to these censuses. Notes immediately following the tables indicate changes in counties which affect the com- parability of the figures. ( Text continued on page 54.) AREA AND POPULATION OF COUNTIES AND EQUIVALENT SUBDIVISIONS IN THE UNITED STATES: 1910, 1900, AND 1890. [In computing the increase from 1890 to 1900 for certain counties the population of Indian reservations in 1900 has been deducted from the total population of the coxmty, in order to make that total cdmparable with the total for 1890, which does not include the population of Indian reservations.] [Per cent not shown where base is less than 100. A roinus sign (— ) denotes decrease.] OOtTNTT. AI.ABAMA. Autauga. Baldwin. Barbour.. Bibb Blount'.. Bullock... Butler Calhoun 2.. Chambers. Cherokee.. Chilton Choctaw.. Clarke Clays Cleburne". Coffee Colbert 2... Cosecuh... Coosa Covington. Crenshaw. . Cullman!.. Dale' Dallas Dekalb Elmore Escambia. Etowah... Fayette... Franklin 2. Geneva" Greene Hale Henry" Houston" Jackson Jefferson" Lamar Lauderdale... Lawrence"... Lee Limestone... Lowndes Macon Madison Marengo Marion Marshall Mobile Moiu'oe Montgomery. Morgan Perry Pickens Pike Randolph... Russell St. Clair Shelby Sumter Talladega".., Tallapoosa... Tuscaloosa... Walker" Washington. Wilcox Winston Land area in square miles: 1910 51,379 684 1,595 912 634 649 610 763 630 588 677 729 932 1,216 614 568 678 618 849 655 1,042 618 763 563 957 786 622 957 542 643 647 578 635 646 560 579 1,140 1,136 601 694 700 614 811 966 743 602 1,226 1,012 801 587 737 875 671 590 665 645 8«6 90S 755 763 1,346 777 1,087 896 630 POPULATION. 1910 2,138,093 20,038 18, 178 32,728 22,791 21,456 30,196 29,030 39, 115 36,056 23,187 18,483 30,987 21,006 13,385 26,119 24,802 21,433 16,634 32,124 23,313 28,321 21,608 53,401 28,261 28,245 18,889 39,109 16,248 19,369 26,230 22, 717 27,883 20,943 32, 414 32,918 226, 476 17, 487 30,936 21,984 32,867 26,880 31,894 26,049 47,041 39,923 17,496 28,553 80,854 27,165 82, 178 33,781 31,222 25,065 30,815 24,669 25,937 20,715 26,949 28,699 37,921 31,034 47,559 37,013 14,454 33,810 12,855 1900 1,828,697 >1,613,401 17,915 13,194 35,152 18,498 23,119 31,9*4 25, 761 34,874 32,554 21,096 16,522 18,136 27,790 17,099 13,206 20,972 22,341 17,514 16, 144 15,346 19,668 17,849 21, 189 54,667 23,668 26,099 11,320 27,361 14, 132 16,511 19,096 24, 182 31,011 36, 147 30,508 140,420 16,084 26,659 20, 124 31,826 22,387 36,651 23,126 43,702 38,316 14, 494 23,289 62, 740 23,666 72,047 28,820 31,783 24,402 29,172 21,647 27,083 19,425 23,684 32,710 35, 773 29,675 36,147 25,162 11, 134 35,631 9,554 1890 13,330 8,941 34,898 13,824 21,927 27,063 21,641 33,835 26,319 20,469 14,549 17,526 22,624 15,765 13,218 12,170 20,189 14,594 15,906 7,636 15,425 13,439 17,225 49,350 21,106 21,732 8,666 21,926 12,823 10,681 10,690 22,007 27,501 24,847 28,026 88,501 14, 187 23,739 20,725 28,694 21,201 31,550 18,439 38, 119 33,095 11,347 18,935 51,687 18,990 56,172 24,089 29,332 22, 470 24,423 17,219 24,093 17,363 20,886 29,574 29,346 25,460 30,362 16,078 7,935 30,816 6,552 PER CENT OP INCEEASE. 1900- 1910 16.9 11.9 37.8 -6.9 23.2 -7.2 -5.5 18.0 12.7 19.0 12.2 3.1 10.8 23.7 -4.1 3.1 40.3 1.9 11.5 22.8 1.4 24.5 11.0 22.4 3.0 109.3 18.5 68.7 2.0 -2.3 20.0 8.2 66.9 42.9 16.0 17.3 37.4 -6.1 -10.1 -42.1 7.9 61.3 8.7 16.5 9.2 3.3 20.1 -10.5 12.6 7.6 4.2 20.7 22.6 28.9 14.7 14.1 17.2 -1.8 2.7 6.6 13.9 -4.2 6.6 13.8 -12.3 6.0 4.6 31.6 47.1 29.8 -5.1 34 6 1890- 1900 20.8 34.4 47.6 0.7 33.8 5.4 13.6 3.5 22.8 8.6 -0.1 72.3 10.7 20.0 1.6 103.6 27.5 32.8 23.0 10.8 11.6 20.1 30.6 24.8 10.2 64.6 78.6 9.9 12.8 45.5 58.7 13.4 11.9 -2.9 10.9 5.6 13.0 26.4 14.6 15.8 27.7 23.0 21.6 246 28.3 19.6 8.4 8.6 19.4 25.7 12.4 11.9 13.4 10.6 21.9 16.6 19.1 56.5 40.3 16.6 45.8 1 State total Includes population (384) specially enumerated in 1890, not dis- tributed by counties. » For changes in boundaries, etc. , of counties, see page 53. » State total includes population (3,066) of San Carlos Indian Reservation, not returned by countlesin 1900; returned in 1910 in Gila and Graham Counties. ARIZONA. Apache"... Cochise Coconino" . GUa Graham... Maricopa Mohave Navajo" Pima" Pinal Santa Cruz". Yavapai" Yuma ARKANSAS. Arkansas., Ashley Baxter Benton.... Boone Bradley Calhoun Carroll Chicot Clark Clay" Cleburne. . . Cleveland.. Columbia ". Conway Craighead.. Crawford".. Crittenden. Cross Dallas Desha Drew Faulkner... Franklin".. Fulton Garland Grant Greene " Hempstead Hot Spring Howard" Independence., Izard Jackson , Jefferson , Johnson Lafayette" Lawrence Lee Lincoln Little River... Logan" Lonoke Madison Marion Miller Mississippi"... Monroe Montgomery.. Nevada Newton Ouachita Perry Phillips Pike Land area in square mUes; 1910 113,810 11,379 6,170 18,238 4,633 6,508 8,891 13, 390 10,300 9,505 5,380 1,229 8,160 62,625 1,000 940 586 876 '608 659 629 641 607 882 654 596 603 785 563 687 593 682 619 679 747 847 651 606 625 631 637 561 727 613 602 762 683 634 903 675 525 592 601 671 546 726 794 836 646 623 792 603 891 620 846 733 552 692 601 POPULATION. 1910 204,364 9,196 34, 691 8,130 16,348 23,999 34,488 3,773 11,471 22,818 9,045 6,766 16,096 7,733 1,571,449 16, 103 26,268 10,389 33,389 14,318 14,518 9,894 16,829 21,987 23,686 23,690 11,903 13,481 23,820 22,729 27,627 23,942 22,447 14,042 12,621 15,274 21,960 23,708 20, 638 12,193 27,271 9,425 23,862 28,285 15,022 16,898 24, 776 14,661 23,601 52,734 19,698 13,741 20,001 24,252 15,118 13,597 26,360 27,983 16,066 10,203 19,555 30, 468 19,907 12,455 19,344 10,ei2 21,774 9,402 33,535 12,565 1900 3122,931 8,297 9,261 5,614 4,973 14,162 20,457 3,426 8,829 14,689 7,779 4,646 13,799 4,145 1,311,664 2,671 4,128,211 12,973 19,734 9,298 31,511 16,396 9,651 8,639 18,848 14,628 21,289 16,886 9,628 11,620 22,077 19,772 19,505 21,270 14,529 11,061 11,618 11,511 19,451 20,780 17,395 12,917 18, 773 7,671 16,979 24,101 12,748 14,076 22,557 13,506 18,383 40,972 17,448 10,694 16,491 19,409 13,389 13,731 20,563 22,544 19,864 11,377 17,558 16,384 16,816 9,444 16,609 12, 538 20,892 7,294 26,561 10,301 1890 < 88,243 4,281 '6,938 2,021 5,670 10,986 1,444 12,673 4,251 11, 432 13,295 8,527 27, 716 16,816 7,972 7,267 17,588 11,419 20,997 12,200 7,884 11,362 19,893 19,459 12,025 21,714 13,940 7,693 9,296 10,324 17,352 18,342 19,934 10,984 15,328 7,786 12,908 22, 796 11,603 13,789 21,961 13,038 15,179 40,881 16,758 7,700 12,984 18,886 10,255 8,903 20,774 19,263 17,402 10,390 14,714 11,635 15,336 7,923 14,832 9,950 17,033 5,538 25,341 8,537 ' PER CENT OP INCREASE. 190O- 1910 66.2 10.8 273.9 47.4 228.7 69.5 68.6 10.1 29.9 55.3 16.3 48.9 15.9 20.0 24.1 28.0 11.7 5.6 -12.7 50.4 15.9 -10.7 51.3 11.3 49.1 23.6 16.0 7.9 15.0 41.6 12.6 54.5 27.1 9.6 32.7 12.9 14.1 18.6 -5.6 45.3 22.9 40.5 Y!^ 17.8 20.0 9.8 7.8 27.8 28.7 12.9 29.7 21.3 25.0 12.9 -LO 28.1 24.1 -19.2 -10.3 1890- 1900 39.3 6-31.i) 33.3 5 111.0 149.8 5 63.9 137.3 6 3.7 5 13.6 68.9 5 34.3 16.8 13.5 48.4 9.0 14.1 3.7 21.1 17.6 9.0 27.2 L4 30.2 22.1 2.3 11.0 l.« 62.2 -2.0 4.2 43.7 23.9 11.5 12.1 13.3 -12.7 17.6 22.5 -L5 31.5 5.7 9.9 2.1 2.7 3.6 21.1 0.2 4.1 37.6 27.0 2.8 30.6 64.2 -1.0 17.0 14.1 9.5 11.4 19.3 86.0 40.8 18.4 9.7 31.9 19.2 16.5 12.0 15.4 26.0 4.2 22.7 28.9 31.7 26.3 4.8 22.0 20.7 < state total includes population (28,623) of Indian reservations specially enu- merated in 1890, not distributed by counties. 5 See headnote to table. 5 State total Includes population (32) specially enumerated In 1890, not dis- tributed by counties. POPULATION OF COUNTIES. 33 AREA AND POPULATION OP COUNTIES AND EQUIVALENT SUBDIVISIONS IN THE UNITED STATES: 1910, 1900, AND 1890— Continued. [Per cent not shown where base U less than 100. Aminus3ign(—) denotes decrease.] Table 13— Con. COUNTY. AREAITSAS- Con. Poinsett Polk Pope Prairie PulasM Randolph... St. Francis. Saline Scott' Searcy , Sebastian'. Sevier' Sharp Stone Union Van Buren. . Washington. White Woodrafl YeU CALirOBiriA. Alameda.. Alpine Amador... Butte Calaveras. Colusa' Contra Costa. Del Norte.... Eldorado Fresno' Glenn' Humboldt. Imx)eriali.. Inyo Kom Kings' Lake Lassen Los Angeles. Madera' Marin Mariposa... Mendocino. Merced Modoc Mono Monterey. Napa Nevada... Orange Placer Plumas Riverside' . . Sacramento. San Benito.. San Bernardino'. SanBiego' San Francisco San Joaquin San Luis Obispo. San Mateo Santa Barbara... Santa Clara Santa Cruz Shasta Sierra Siskiyou Solano Sonoma Stanislaus Sutter , Tehama Trinity Tulare' Tuolumne Ventura Yolo Yuba Land area in square miles: 1910 721 846 828 676 747 664 628 775 970 673 631 672 609 611 1,048 730 959 1,037 677 956 155,652 732 776 601 1,722 1,027 1,140 714 1,024 1,763 5,950 1,259 3,634 4,089 10,019 8,003 1,159 1,278 4,531 4,067 2,112 1,463 3,453 1,995 3,030 3,330 783 974 795 1,395 2,594 7,240 983 1,392 20,157 4,221 43 1,448 3,334 447 2,740 1,328 436 3,858 923 6,256 822 1,577 1,450 2,893 3,166 4,856 2,190 1,878 1,014 639 POPULATION. 1910 12,791 17,216 24,527 13,853 86,751 18,987 22,548 16,657 14,302 14,825 52, 278 16,616 11,688 8,946 30,723 13,509 33,889 28,574 20,049 26,323 2,877,649 246,131 309 9,086 27,301 9,171 7,732 31,674 2,417 7,492 75,657 7,172 33,857 13,591 6,974 37,715 16,230 6,526 4,802 604,131 8,368 25,114 3,956 23,929 15,148 6,191 2,042 24,146 19,800 14,955 34,436 18,237 6,259 34,696 67,806 8,041 56,706 61,665 416,912 50,731 19,383 26,585 27,738 83,5.39 26,140 18,920 4,098 18,801 27,659 48,394 22,622 6,328 11,401 3,301 36,440 9,979 18,347 13,926 10,042 1900 7,025 18,362 21,715 11,875 63,179 17,156 17, 157 13, 122 13,183 11,988 36,935 16,339 12,199 8,100 22,495 11,220 34,256 24,864 16,304 22,760 1,485,063 130, 197 509 11,116 17, 117 11,200 7,364 18,046 2,408 8,986 37,862 5,150 27, 104 4,377 16,480 9,871 6,017 4,511 170,298 6,364 16,702 4,720 20,465 9,215 6,076 2,167 19,380 16,451 17,789 19,696 16,786 4,657 17,897 45,915 6,633 27,929 35,090 342,782 36,452 16,637 12,094 18,934 60,216 21, 512 17,318 4,017 16,962 24, 143 38,480 9,550 5,886 10,996 4,383 18,375 11,166 14,367 13,618 8,620 1890 4,272 9,283 19,458 11,374 47,329 14,486 13,543 11,311 12,635 9,664 33,200 10,072 10, 418 7,043 14,977 8,567 32,024 22,946 14,009 18,015 a,213,398 93,864 667 10,320 17,939 8,882 14,640 13,616 2,692 9,232 32,026 23,469 3,544 9,808 7,101 4,239 101,454 13,072 3,787 17,612 8,085 4,986 2,002 18,637 16,411 17,369 13,589 15,101 4,933 40,339 6,412 26,497- 34,987 298,997 28,629 16,072 10,087 16,754 48,005 19,270 12, 133 5,051 12, 163 20,946 32,721 10,040 6,469 9,916 3,719 24,674 10,071 12,684 9,636 PER CENT OF raCKEASE. 1900- 1910 82.1 -6.2 12.9 16.7 37.3 10.7 31.4 26.9 8.6 23.7 41.5 1.7 -4.2 10.4 36.6 20.4 -1.1 14.9 23.0 15.7 60.1 89.0 -39.3 -18.3 59.5 -18.1 5.0 75.6 0.4 -16.6 99.8 24.9 69.3 128.9 64.4 -8.2 6.6 196.0 31.6 69-9 -16.2 16.9 64.4 22.0 -5.8 24.6 20.4 -15.9 74.8 16.6 12.9 93.9 47.7 21.2 103.0 76.7 21.6 43.1 16.5 119.8 46.5 38.7 21.5 9.3 2.0 10.8 14.1 25.8 135.8 7.6 3.7 -24.7 92.9 -10.6 27.7 2.3 16.5 1890- 1900 64.4 97.7 11.6 4.4 33.6 18.4 26.7 16.0 4.3 24.0 U.3 62.2 17.1 15.0 60.2 31.0 7.0 8.4 16.4 26.3 22.4 38.7 -23.7 7.7 -4,6 26.1 -49.7 33.6 -7.1 -2.7 18.2 3 10.8 23.5 68.0 -15.3 6.4 67.9 20.1 24.6 3 12.8 14.0 1.8 8.2 4.0 0.2 2.4 44.9 4.5 -5.6 13.8 3.4 9.6 8-2.0 14.6 23.8 3.5 19.9 20.2 26.4 11.6 42.7 -20.6 39.6 15.3 17.6 -4.9 7.6 10.9 17.9 3-25.8 83.6 42.7 7.4 -10.5 ' For changes in boundaries, etc., ol counties, see j 2 State total includes population (5,268) of I enumerated in 1890, not distributed by counties. 72497°— 13 3 ge 63. iian reservations specially COLOBASO Adams' Arapahoe' Archuleta Baca Bent Boulder Chaflee' Cheyeime Clear Creek Conejos Costilla Custer Delta , Denver' Dolores Douglas Eagle El Paso' Elbert Fremont' Garfield Gilpin Grand Gunnison Hinsdale' Huerfano Jackson' Jefferson' Kiowa Kit Carson La Plata Lake Larimer' Las Animas Lincoln Logan Mesa Mineral' Montezuma Montrose Morgan Otero Ouray Park' Phillips Pitkin Prowers Pueblo Rio Blanco Rio Grande' Routt Saguache' San Juan San Miguel Sedgwick Summit Teller' Washington' Weld Yuma' CONNECTICirT Fairfleld Hartford Litehfleld Middlesex New Haven New Loudon Tolland Windham DELAWARE.... Kent Newcastle Sussex DIST.COLTTMBIA. District of Columbia Land area in square miles: 1910 103,658 1,262 842 1,220 2,552 1,524 764 1,083 1,777 390 1,393 1,771 747 1,201 58 1,043 845 1,620 2,121 1,867 1,557 3,107 132 1,866 3,179 971 1,600 1,632 838 1,798 2,169 1,851 371 2,629 4,809 2,570 1,822 3,163 866 2,051 2,264 1,286 2,067 519 2,212 1,019 1,630 2,433 3,223 6,967 3,133 453 1,288 531 647 2,521 4,022 2,367 4,820 631 729 925 369 659 404 600 1,965 617 435 913 POPULATION. 1910 799,024 10,263 3,302 2,516 5,043 30,330 7,622 3,687 5,001 11,285 5,498 1,947 13,688 213,381 642 3,192 2,985 43,321 6,331 18,181 10, 144 4,131 1,862 5,897 646 13,320 1,013 14,231 2,899 7,483 10,812 10,600 25,270 33,643 6,917 9,549 22,197 1,239 5,029 10,291 9,577 20,201 3,514 2,492 3,179 4,566 9,520 52,223 2,332 6,563 7,561 4,160 3,063 4,700 3,061 2,003 14,361 6,002 39, 177 8,499 1,114,766 245,322 250, 182 70,260 45,637 337,282 91,253 26,459 48,361 203,322 32,721 123, 188 46, 413 331,069 331, 009 1900 539,700 153,017 2,117 769 3,049 21,644 7,086 501 7,082 8,794 4,632 2,937 6,487 1,134 3,120 3,008 31,602 3,101 16,636 5,836 6,690 741 6,331 1,609 8,395 9,306 701 1,580 7,016 18,054 12,168 21,842 3,292 9,267 1,913 3,058 4,535 11,522 4,731 2,998 1,683 7,020 3,766 34,448 1,690 4,080 3,661 3,853 2,342 5,379 971 2,744 29,002 1,241 16, 808 1,729 908,420 184,203 195, 480 63,672 41,760 269, 163 82,768 24,623 46,861 184,735 32,762 109, 697 42,276 278,718 1890 < 413,249 132, 136 826 1,479 1,313 14,082 6,612 634 7,184 7,193 3,491 2,970 2,534 1,498 3,006 3,725 21,239 1,856 9,156 4,478 6,867 604 4,359 862 6,882 8,460 1,243 2,472 5,509 14,663 9,712 17,208 3,070 4,260 1,529 3,980 1,601 4,192 6,510 3,548 2,642 8,929 1,969 31,491 1,200 3,451 2,369 3,313 1,572 2,909 1,293 1,906 2,301 11,736 2,696 746,268 150,081 147, 180 63,642 39, 624 209,058 76,634 25,081 45,158 168,493 32,664 97,182 38,647 230,392 278,718 I 230,392 PER CENT OF INCREASE. 1900- 1910 48.0 -93.3 56.0 231.5 65.4 40.8 7.6 635.9 -29.4 28.3 18.7 -33.7 149.5 -43.4 2.3 -0.8 37.1 71.9 16.3 73.8 -38.3 151.3 10.6 58.7 52.9 313.6 373.6 54.1 -41.3 107.7 54.0 639.0 190.1 139.6 -35.2 64.6 126.9 193.1 75.3 -25.7 -16.9 100.8 -35.0 162.8 51.6 38.0 60.9 106.5 8.0 30.8 -12.6 215.2 -27.0 -50.5 383.6 133.1 391.6 33.2 28.0 10.3 25.3 10.3 7.9 3.2 -0.1 12.3 18.8 18.8 1890- 1900 30.6 16.8 3 144.2 -48.7 132.2 53.0 7.2 -6.2 -1.4 22.3 32.7 -1.1 116. S -24.3 3.S -19.2 48.8 67.1 70.8 30.3 14.0 22.7 22.3 86.7 22.0 10.1 -43.6 -36.1 3 18.5 23.1 26.3 26.9 34.4 7.2 117.5 3 63.4 13.9. 104.1 174.9 -27.3 -15.5 -40.1 -21.4 91.3 9.4 40.8 18.2 54.5 16.3 49.0 84.9 -24.9 44.0 -46.1 43.2 -33.4 21.7 22.7 32.8 18.9 6.7 28.8 8.0 -2.2 3.8 0.3 12.9 9.4 21.0 21.0 3 See headnote to table, page 32. * State total includes population (1,051) of Indian reservations specially enumerated in 1890, not distributed by counties. 34 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. AREA AND POPULATION OF COUNTIES AND EQUIVALENT SUBDIVISIONS IN THE UNITED STATES: 1910, 1900, AND 1890— Continued. [Per cent not shown where hase Is less than 100. A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease.] Table 13— Con. COTJNTT. rLORIDA. Alachua.. Bali^i Bradford. Brevard'. Calhoun . . Citrus Clay Columbia. Dadei DeSoto... Duval Escambia.. Franklin... Gadsden... Hamilton.. Hernando. . Hillsboro.. Holmes Jaclcson Jefferson.. Lafayette.. Lake Lee Leon Levy Liberty. . Madison.. Manatee.. Marion... Monroe.. Nassau Orange Osceola Palm Beach'. Pasco' Polki Putnam... St. John... St. Lucie'. Santa Bosa. Sumter Suwanee Taylor Volusia Wakulla Walton Washington. . GEORGIA . Appling'. Baker Baldwin. Banks... Bartow. - Ben Hill'. Berrien ' . . Bibb Brooks Bryan Bulloch'.. Burke' Butts Calhoun... Camden... Campbell. Carroll Catoosa- -- Charltpn . . Chatham.. Chattahoochee. Chattooga Cherokee Clarke' Clay Clayton'. Clinch.... Cobb Coflee'... Colquitt. Land area in square miles: 1910 61,861 1,262 587 639 1,025 1,192 620 617 792 2,733 3,754 786 657 641 640 528 497 1,329 458 965 585 1,244 1,047 4,031 715 1,143 719 1,337 1,647 1,100 630 1,250 1,773 3,048 767 1,907 752 966 1,395 1,546 .583 692 1,064 1,256 602 1,382 1,435 S8,72S 604 357 307 222 471 256 735 277 514 431 887 956 203 284 711 213 492 169 905 370 218 328 429 114 203 142 961 363 901 629 POPULATION. 1910 752,619 1900 34,305 4,806 14,090 4,717 7,465 6,731 6,116 17,689 11,933 14,200 75, 163 38,029 5,201 22,198 11,825 4,997 78,374 11,557 29,821 17,210 6,710 9,509 6,294 19,427 10,361 4,700 16,919 9,560 26,941 21,563 10,525 19, 107 5,507 6,577 7,502 24,148 13,096 13,208 4,076 14,897 6,696 18, 603 7,103 16,510 4,802 16,460 16, 403 2,609,121 12,318 7,973 18,364 11,244 26,388 11,863 22,772 66,646 23,832 6,702 26,464 27,268 13,624 11,334 7,690 10,874 30,865 7,184 4,722 79,690 5,686 13,608 16,661 23, 273 8,960 10, 453 8,424 28,397 21,963 19,789 628,542 32,245 4,516 10,296 6,168 s,iae 5,391 5,636 17,094 4,955 8,047 39,733 28,313 4,890 15,294 11,881 3,638 36,013 7,762 23,377 16,195 4,987 7,467 3,071 19,887 8,603 2,956 15, 446 4,663 24,403 18,006 9,654 11,374 3,444 12,472 11,641 9,165 10,293 6,187 14,654 3,999 10,003 5,149 9,346 10,164 2,216,331 12, 336 6,704 17, 768 10, 645 20,823 19,440 50,473 18,606 6,122 21, 377 30, 165 12,805 9,274 7,669 9,618 26,676 6,823 3,692 71,239 5,790 12,952 15,243 17,708 8,668 8,732 24, 664 16, 169 13,636 1890 391,422 22,934 3,333 7,616 3,401 1,681 2,394 5,164 12,877 861 4,944 26,800 20,188 3,308 11,894 8,607 2,476 14,941 4,336 17,644 16,757 3,686 8,034 1,414 17,762 6,586 1,452 14,316 2,895 20,796 18,786 8,294 12,684 3,133 4,249 7,905 11,186 8,712 7,961 6,363 10,624 2,122 8,467 3,117 4,816 6,426 1,837,363 8,676 6,144 14, 608 8,562 20,616 10,694 42, 370 13,979 5,520 13,712 28,501 10,665 8,438 6,178 9,115 22, 301 6,431 3,336 67,740 4,902 11,202 16,412 15,186 7,817 8,295 6,662 22,286 10,483 4,794 PER CENT OP INCREASE. 1900- 1910 12.1 6.4 6.4 36.9 -8.6 46.6 24.9 8.5 3.5 140.8 76.5 89.2 34.3 6.4 45.1 -0.6 37.4 117.6 48.9 27.6 6.3 34.5 27.3 104.9 -2.3 20.4 69.0 9.5 104.8 10.4 19.8 9.0 68.0 69.9 23.9 93.6 12.5 44.1 44.7 8.2 27.8 77.6 66.1 -6.7 76.1 61.5 17.7 -0.1 18.9 3.3 6.6 21.9 17.1 12.2 28.1 9.5 -9.6 6.4 22.2 0.3 14.2 16.1 23.4 31.5 11.9 -3.6 6.1 9.3 1890- 1900 3S.0 40.6 35.6 37.0 51.7 205.3 125.2 9.3 32.7 475.5 62.8 40.2 47.8 28.6 39.7 46.9 141.0 79.0 33.2 2.8 35.3 -7.1 117.2 12.0 30.6 103.6 7.9 61.1 17.3 -4.2 16.4 -9.6 42.5 57.8 4.1 5.2 29.3 15.4 38.3 88.5 18.1 65.2 94.1 58.0 20.6 42.2 9.1 21.6 23.2 1.0 81.8 19.1 33.1 10.9 65.9 5.8 21.2 9.9 24.1 4.4 19.2 7.2 7.7 23.4 18.1 15.6 -1.1 31.4 16.6 4.6 9.6 8.9 16.7 -3.6 31.3 15.1 10.7 35.8 64.2 45.1 184.4 GEOKGIA— Con. Columbia. Coweta... Crawford.. Crisjp' Dade Dawson Decatur'... Dekalb Dodge Dooly' Dougherty. Douglas Early Echols Effingham. Elbert Emanuel'.. Fannin Fayette Floyd Forsyth. . . Franklin'. Fulton'... GUmer Glascock.. Glynn Gordon... Grady... Greene Gwinnett. Habersham'. Hall Hancock Haralson Harris Hart Heard... Henry... Houston. Irwin ' . . . Jackson Jasper Jeff Davis'. Jefferson Jenkins' Johnson.. Jones Laurens.. Lee Liberty.. Lincoln... Lowndes. . Lumpkin. McDufBe . Mcintosh. Macon Madison Marlon Meriwether . Miller Milton Mitchell Monroe Montgomery ' Morgan Murray Mirscogee. . . Newton Oconee Oglethorpe' Paulding.. Pickens... Pierce Pike Polk Pulaski... Putnam... Quitman. . Rabun Randolph. Land area in square miles: 1910 360 470 319 277 186 216 823 272 431 397 342 208 524 362 448 361 935 401 234 502 247 279 183 440 170 375 444 416 491 290 437 530 284 501 261 268 324 585 378 433 321 300 720 342 292 377 806 326 936 280 287 470 369 284 360 496 263 145 548 584 591 390 342 235 262 172 604 324 231 605 307 317 463 361 144 377 412 POPULATION, 1910 12,328 28,800 8,310 16,423 4,139 4,686 29,045 27,881 20,127 20,564 16,035 8,953 18, 122 3,309 9,971 24,126 25,140 12,674 10,966 36,736 11,940 17,894 177,733 9,237 4,669 15,720 15,861 18,457 18,512 28,824 10,134 25,730 19,189 13,614 17,886 16,216 11,189 19,927 23,609 10,461 30, 169 16,652 6,060 21,379 11,520 12,897 13, 103 36,601 11, 679 12,924 8,714 24,436 6,444 10,326 6,442 16,016 16,861 9,147 25, 180 7,986 7,239 22, 114 20, 460 19,638 19,717 9,763 36,227 18,449 11,104 18,680 14,124 9,041 10,749 19, 496 20,203 22,835 13,876 4,594 6,562 18,841 1900 10,653 24,980 10,368 4,678 5,442 29,454 21,112 13,976 26,667 13, 679 8,745 14,828 3,209 8,334 19,729 21,279 11, 214 10, 114 33,113 11,550 17,700 117,363 10, 198 4,616 14,317 14,119 16,642 25,585 13,604 20,752 18,277 11,922 18,009 14,492 11,177 18,602 22,641 13,646 24,039 16,033 11,409 13,358 25,908 10,344 13,093 7,166 20,036 7,433 9,804 6,637 14,093 13,224 10,080 23,339 6,319 6,763 14, 767 20, 682 16,359 16,813 8,623 29,836 16, 734 8,602 17,881 12,969 8,641 8,100 18,761 17,856 18, 489 13,436 4,701 6,285 16,847 1890 11,281 22,364 9,315 6,707 6,612 19,949 17, 189 11,452 18,146 12,206 7,794 9,792 3,079 6,699 15, 376 14, 703 8,724 8,728 28,391 11,155 14,670 84,665 9,074 3,720 13,420 12,758 17,051 19,899 11,573 18,047 17,149 11, 316 16, 797 10,887 9,557 16,220 21,613 6,316 19, 176 13, 879 17,213 6,129 12,709 13,747 9,074 12,887 6,146 15,102 6,867 8,789 6,470 13,183 11,024 7,728 20,740 4,275 6,208 10, 906 19,137 9,248 16,041 8,461 27, 761 14,310 7,713 16,951 11,948 8,182 6,379 16,300 14,945 16,559 14,842 4,471 6,606 18,267 PER CENT OF INCREASE. 1900- 1910 15.7 15.3 -19.8 -9.6 -13.9 -1.4 32.1 44.0 -22.6 17.2 2.4 22.2 3.1 19.6 22.3 18,1 12.1 8.4 10,9 3.4 1.1 51.4 -9.4 3.4 11.9 12.7 -25.5 24.0 5,0 13,4 -0,7 11.9 0.1 7.1 4.3 -23.3 25.5 10.1 17.4 13.0 -1.9 37.0 12.9 -1.3 21.8 22.0 -26.8 5.3 '-1. 5 6.6 27.4 -9.3 7.9 26.4 7.0 49,8 -1,1 20.0 24.7 13.2 21.4 10.2 29.1 4.6 4.6 32.7 3.9 13.1 23.5 3.3 -2.3 -11.5 11.8 1890- 1900 -5.6 11.7 11.3 -19.8 -3.0 47.6 22,8 22,0 46.4 12.1 12,2 5L4 4.2 48.8 28.3 44.7 28.5 16.9 16.6 3.5 20.7 38.6 12.4 21.4 6.7 10.7 -3.0 28.6 17.5 16.0 . 6.6 5.1 7.2 33.1 17.0 14.7 4.8 116.0 25.4 8,3 6.8 86.1 6.1 88.6 14.0 1.6 16.4 32.7 8.2 11.5 1.0 20.0 30.4 12,5 47.8 8,9 35.4 8,1 76.9 -1.1 1.9 7.S 16.9 11.6 6.6 8.5 5.6 27,0 16,1 19,5 11,7 -9,5 6,1 12.1 10.3 ' For changes in boundaries, etc., of counties, see page 63. POPULATION OF COUNTIES. 35 AREA AND POPULATION OF COUNTIES AND EQUIVALENT SUBDIVISIONS IN THE UNITED STATES: 1910, 1900, AND 1890— Continued. [Per cent not shown where base is less than 100. A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease.] Table 13— Con. Land area in square miles: 1910 POPULATION. PEE CENT OF INCEEASE. COUNTY. Land area in square miles; 1910 POPULATION. PEE CENT OP INCEEASE. 1910 1900 1890 i9oe- 1910 1890- 1900 1910 1900 1890 1900- 1910 1890- 1900 GEORGIA— Con. 319 119 154 794 209 166 411 456 312 212 642 340 373 322 530 243 393 181 436 231 314 324 317 432 370 804 404 669 764 302 245 283 403 458 472 661 2 83,364 58,886 8,916 6,213 20,202 19,741 9,728 13,437 29,092 11,696 8,766 18,569 10,839 13,288 22,003 29,071 11,487 11,206 3,932 26,228 10,075 10,736 6,918 12,757 18,692 25,393 22,967 11,860 28,174 13,069 6,151 6,110 15j«34 13,486 23,441 10,078 19,147 325,594 53,735 7,615 5,499 19,262 17,619 45,194 6,813 6,443 14,424 13,117 9.6 18.6 -5.2 4.9 12.0 18.9 10.3 1.0 33.6 34.3 ILLINOIS— Con. 881 266 453 371 1,043 700 493 462 483 525 933 453 353 638 416 417 345 621 238 611 729 600 446 884 338 516 433 455 780 186 376 824 1,121 688 608 603 367 623 348 627 668 324 711 1,146 465 358 742 1,043 617 688 620 1,191 585 860 737 569 396 665 240 317 640 389 689 576 338 756 636 451 461 786 386 190 173 587 367 43,975 8,610 18,035 17,372 51,829 34,594 23, 517 18,661 22,832 34,517 2,405,233 26,281 14,281 33,457 18,906 19,691 33,432 27,336 10,049 20,065 28,075 17,096 25,943 49,649 14,628 22,363 24,162 18,227 30, 638 7,016 *9,724 41,736 35,543 35, 143 18,167 29,111 13,964 22,657 14,331 91,862 40,752 10,777 46,159 90,132 55,058 22,661 27,760 40,465 30,216 26,887 32,509 68,008 54, 186 60,686 89,847 35,094 15, 679 17,377 14,200 12,796 19,723 13,608 36,311 34,420 14,630 27,864 100,265 22,088 16,376 28,622 11,216 16,660 7,561 29,120 15,970 41,112 8,917 18,963 17, 222 47,622 32, 790 24,033 19,563 19,824 34,146 1,838,-736 19,240 16,124 31, 766 18,972 19,097 28,196 28,273 10,345 20,465 28,065 18, 359 19,676 46,201 15,836 23,402 24,136 20,197 32,216 7,448 10,836 40,049 38,014 33,871 20,160 28,133 14,612 24,533 15,667 78,792 37,154 11,467 43,612 87,776 34,604 16,623 29,894 42,035 28,680 28,412 29, 769 67,843 44, 003 42,256 64,694 30,446 16,370 17,491 13,110 14,336 20,946 13,847 30,836 36,006 16,224 29,129 88,608 19,830 17,706 31,595 13,585 14,554 4,746 28,001 16,391 35,014 7,652 18,320 16,963 42,159 30,531 21,899 16,772 17,411 30,093 1,191,922 17,283 15,443 27,066 17,011 17,669 22,551 26,787 9,444 19,358 23,367 17,035 17,138 43,110 14,935 23,791 21,024 17,800 31,907 7,234 9,876 33,338 35,167 27,809 18,188 22,690 14, 810 25,101 16,013 65,061 28,732 12,106 38, 752 80,798 24,235 14,693 26,187 38,456 26,489 27,467 26,114 63,036 38,083 40,380 61,536 24,341 13,653 16,067 11,313 13,120 18,545 12,948 30,003 32,636 14,481 28,710 70, 378 .17,529 17,062 31,000 14,016 11,365 4,730 25,049 15, 019 7.0 -3.4 -4.9 0.9 8.8 5.5 -2.1 -4.6 16.2 1.1 30.8 36.6 -11.4 5.4 -0.3 2.6 18.6 -3.3 -2.9 -2.0 %.. 31.9 7.2 -7.6 -4.4 0.1 -9.8 -4.9 -5.8 -10.3 4.2 -6.5 3.8 -9.9 3.5 -4.5 -7.6 -8.6 16.6 9.7 -6.0 6.8 2.7 59.6 37.1 -7.2 -3.7 6.4 -5.4 9.2 0.2 23.1 19.9 38.9 15.3 -4.2 -0.7 8.3 -10.7 -5.8 -2.4 14.5 -1.7 -3.9 -4.3 13.1 11.4 -7.5 -9.4 -17.4 7.6 59.3 4,0 -2.6 17.4 Rockdale. flalhnnn . , . 16.5 Schley Carroll 3.6 Cass .. 7.9 Spalding ChaTTipftlgTi . . 13.0 Christian 7.4 Stephensi 9.7 16.6 16,856 26,212 12,197 7,912 20,419 9,846 10,083 19,023 31,076 15,682 22,107 13,268 7,291 10,253 8,666 5,477 14,603 26,154 -16.3 11.0 -4.1 10.8 -9.1 10.1 31.8 15.7 -6.6 1.1 18.6 -8.0 8.6 99.2 13.6 84.1 31.2 18.8, Clay Sumter PHTitnn 13 9 Talbot Coles 13.6 Cook 54.3 Tattnall' 11.3 Taylor Cumberland Dekalb . 4.4 Telfair 17.3 Terrell Dewitt 11.5 Thomas ' 8.1 Tilt' Dupage..-. Edgar 25.0 5.6 Towns 4,' 748" 24,002 4,' 064" 20,723 "-i7."2' 9.3 """"ie."! 16.8 Edwards EflQngham 9.5 6.7 Turner! 20.1 7.8 8,716 8,481 13,670 15,661 20,942 13,761 11,463 28,227 9,449 6,618 5,912 14,609 11,097 20,806 11,440 18,664 161,772 8,195 7,749 12,188 13,282 17,467 8,811 10,957 25,237 7,466 5,695 6,151 12,916 7,980 18,081 10, 781 10,048 3 88,648 23.2 -18.4 -6.7 19.4 21.3 66.8 3.5 -0.2 38.3 -7.1 -13.6 9.8 21.5 12.3 -11.9 2.6 101.3 6.4 9.4 12.2 17.9 19.9 56.2 4.6 11.8 26.2 16.2 -3.9 12.3 39.1 16.4 6.1 85.7 82.7 Ford 14.8 Union .... Fulton... Gallatin.. ,... 7.2 6.0 \S^lker -1.8 Grundy 14.8 Hamilton 13.5 Hancock 1.0 Hardin 3.0 9.7 20.1 Webster Iroquois 8.1 White Jackson 21.8 Whitfield 10.8 24.5 -1.3 Jo Daviess -2.3 Tnh-nsnn 4.4 Kane 21.1 Kankakee . 29.3 IDAHO Kendall -5.3 12.5 8 6 Adai 1,136 3,179 942 4,116 6,120 3,469 3,129 1,283 2,611 4,689 2,665 6,006 11,012 2,043 1,128 4,867 3,283 3,844 2,655 7,888 2,579 1,888 2,871 S6,043 29,088 19,242 7,729 23,306 8,387 5,250 13,588 25,323 7,197 3,001 4,785 24,606 12,384 22,747 18,818 4,786 12,676 24,860 16,170 4,044 13,963 13,543 11, 101 6,638,691 11,659 11,702 7,051 10,447 4,900 4,174 8,368 161.6 64.4 9.6 123.1 71.2 25.8 38.1 """"i6."4 •-30.0 24.9 Knox T.a Sallfl Bannock^ Lake 42 4 6,057 13,576 Bingham 1 12.5 Blainei Lee 14 2 3,342 9.3 Logan 12.5 McDonough McHenry 3.4 7,497 3,951 2,049 2,286 12,821 9,121 10,216 13,451 3,446 1,784 13,748 8,933 3,804 11,960 237.8 82.2 46.5 109.3 91.9 35.8 132.7 39.9 38.9 610.5 80.8 69.8 6.3 16.8 ""■a.'-t —6.8 22.2 """m? n30.4 46.6 154.6 """382." 9 31.0 88.2 122.0 3,143 2,176 1,870 14.0 McLean 7.6 15.6 4.6 Ehnore 25.5 2,965 4,108 9,173 1,916 25.1 Kootenai^ Marshall 19.9 Latah 8.9 Massac 15.9 Menard 9.3 Mercer 2,847 6,819 2,021 5,382 12.9 Monroe 6.9 Montgomery Morgan 2.8 7.3 5.1 Shoshone * Ogle Twin Fallsi 1 5 Washington 6,882 4,821,660 3,836 ^3,826,362 61.3 16.9 79.4 26.0 Peoria 25.9 Perry .. 13.1 Piatt 3.8 TT.T.rwnTR Pike.. . 1.9 842 226 .388 293 297 64,688 22,741 17,076 15,481 10,397 67,058 19,384 16,078 15,791 11,657 61,888 16,563 14,550 12,203 11,951 -3.7 17.3 6.2 -2.0 -10.0 8.4 17.0 10.5 29.4 -3 3 -3.1 Pulaski 28.2 0.3 11.8 Brown Richland 9.1 ' For changes in boundaries, etc., of counties, see page 63. ' Includes land area (51 squslre miles) ot that part of Yellowstone National Park in Idaho. No population reported. ' State total includes population (4,163) of Indian reservations specially enumer- ated in 1890, not distributed by counties; also, population (6,798) of Alturas and Logan Counties, talcen to form Blaine and Lincom Counties in 1895. < See headnote to table, page 32. 6 State total includes population (1) specially enumerated in 1890, not credited to any county. ' Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. 36 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. AREA AND POPULATION OF COUNTIES AND EQUIVALENT SUBDIVISIONS IN THE UNITED STATES: 1910, 1900, AND 1890— Continued. [Per cent not shown where base is less than 100. A minus sign {- -) denotes decrease.] Table 13— Con. Land areata square miles: 1910 POPULATION. PER CENT OF INCREASE. COUNTY. Land area in square miles: 1910 POPULATION. PER CENT OF INCREASE. 1910 1900 1890 1900- 1910 1890- 1900 1910 1900 1890 1900- 1910 1890- 1900 ILLINOIS— Con. Rock Island 424 663 399 876 432 249 772 290 659 647 403 921 220 646 561 733 507 679 844 449 629 628 S6,04S 70,404 119,870 30,204 91,024 14,852 10,067 31,693 10,098 36,821 34,027 21,856 77,996 14,913 23,313 18,759 25,697 23,062 34,607 84,371 45,098 63,153 20,506 2,700,876 55,249 86,685 21,685 71,593 16,129 10,455 32,126 10,186 34,933 33,221 22,610 65,635 12,583 23,163 19,526 27,626 25,386 34,710 74,764 27,796 47,845 21,822 2,616,462 41,917 66,571 19,342 61,196 16,013 10,304 31,191 9,982 31,338 29,556 21,549 49,905 11.866 2i;281 19,262 23,806 25,005 30,864 62,007 22,226 39,938 21,429 2,192,404 27.4 38.3 39.3 27.1 -7.9 -3.7 -1.3 -0.9 5.4 2.4 -3.3 18.8 18.5 0.6 -3.9 -7.0 -9.2 -0.6 12.8 62.2 32.0 -6.0 7.8 31.8 30.2 12.1 17.0 0.7 1.5 3.0 2.0 11.5 12.4 4.9 31.5 6.0 8.8 1.4 16.0 1.5 12.5 20.6 25.1 19.8 1.8 14.8 IJN DIANA— Con. Newton 405 417 85 407 393 447 384 338 415 402 432 483 447 448 409 460 190 407 403 305 305 460 222 503 260 162 233 264 409 425 368 392 519 411 365 507 338 55,686 10,504 24,009 4,329 17,192 14,063 22,214 18,078 19,684 20,540 21,670 13,312 20,520 29,013 19,452 19,349 84,312 8,323 26,802 20,676 10,567 14,274 32,439 9,914 40,063 17,469 6,260 77,438 18,865 87,930 26,926 10,899 21,911 17,445 43,757 22,418 17,602 16,892 2,224,771 10,448 23,533 4,724 16,854 15,149 23,000 18,778 20,486 19, 175 22,333 14,033 21,478 28,653 19,881 20, 148 68,881 8,307 26,491 22,407 10,431 15,219 26,005 11,840 38,659 19,116 6,748 71,769 15,262 62,035 28,235 11,371 22,329 19,409 . 38,970 23,449 19,138 17,328 2,231,853 8,803 23,359 4,955 14,678 16,040 20,296 18,240 18,544 18,052 21,529 11,233 22,335 28,085 19,360 19,034 42,457 7,833 25,454 22,060 7,339 14,478 21,877 12,514 35,078 18,167 7,006 59,809 13, 154 60, 195 27,126 10,955 21,161 18,619 37,628 21,514 15,671 17,768 11,912,297 0.5 2.0 -8.4 2.0 -7.2 -3.4 -3.7 -3.9 7.1 -3.0 -5.1 -4.6 1.3 -2.2 -4.0 43.2 0.2 1.2 -7.7 1.3 -6.2 24.7 -16.3 3.6 -8.7 -7.2 7.9 23.7 41.7 -4.6 -4.2 -1.9 -10.1 12.3 -4.4 -8.0 -2.5 -0.8 18.7 St. Clair Noble 0.7 Saline Ohio -4.7 14.8 Schuyler Owen Parke 0.7 Scott 13.3 Shelby Perry 2.9 Stark Pike 10.5 Porter 6.2 Posey 3.7 Pulaski 24.9 Putnam -3.8 Wabash Eandolph 2.0 Kipley 2.7 Eush 5.9 Washington Wayne St. Joseph 38.7 White Scott 6.1 Whitpside Shelby 4.1 Spencer. 1.6 Will Starke 42.1 Williamson Steuben Winnebago Woodford 5.1 Sullivan 18.9 Switzerland -6.4 Tippecanoe . . 10.2 5.3 Union 337 661 407 408 168 427 324 377 416 375 361 408 303 433 313 378 370 392 427 462 216 148 395 394 367 486 423 543 399 307 486 408 397 297 386 618 562 376 364 383 322 510 641 387 492 695 466 460 397 441 339 381 416 501 406 21,840 93,386 24,813 12,688 15,820 24,673 7,975 17,970 36,368 30,260 32,535 26,674 12,057 27,747 21,396 18,793 25,054 61,414 19,843 49,008 14,415 30,293 20,439 15,335 16,879 30,137 61,426 36,873 27,026 19,030 20,232 20,840 29,758 33, 177 28,982 24,727 13,044 24,961 20,483 14,203 20,394 39,183 27,936 15 148 82,864 45,797 30,625 65,224 263,661 24,175 12,950 29,350 23,426 29,296 21,182 22,232 77,270 24,694 13,123 17,213 26,321 9,727 19,953 34,545 31,835 34,285 28,202 13,476 29,914 22,194 19,518 25,711 49,624 20,357 45,052 13,495 30, 118 21,446 16,388 17,453 30,099 64,693 28,530 29,914 19,189 21,702 21,292 25,088 28,675 28,901 26,633 14,292 26,818 22,913 15,757 20,223 32,746 29,109 15,284 37,892 38,386 25,729 70,470 197,227 25,119 14,711 28,344 20,873 29,388 20, 457 20,181 66,689 23,867 11,903 10,461 26,672 10,308 20,021 31,152 30,259 30,536 27,370 13,941 26,227 23,364 19,277 24,307 30, 131 20,253 39,201 12,630 29,458 19,558 18,366 16,746 24,920 31, 493 24,379 26,123 17,829 20,786 21,498 23,879 26, 186 27,644 24,139 11,185 23,478 24,607 .14,608 19,561 28,044 28,646 16,615 23,886 34,445 19,792 36,487 141, 166 23,818 13,973 25,823 17,673 28,026 18,643 -1.8 20.9 0.9 -3.3 -8.1 -6.3 -18.0 -9.9 5.3 -4.9 -5.1 -5.4 -10.5 -7.2 -3.6 -3.7 -2.6 3.6 -2.6 8.8 6.8 0.6 -4.7 -6.4 -3.3 0.1 -6.0 29.2 -9.7 -0.8 -6.8 -2.1 18.6 16.1 0.3 -7.2 -8.7 -6.9 -10.6 -9.9 0.8 19.7 -4.0 -0.9 118.7 19.3 19.0 -7.4 33.7 -3.8 -12.0 3.5 12.2 -0.3 3.6 10.2 15.9 3.0 10.2 64.5 ^0.9 -5.6 -0.3 10.9 5.2 12.3 3.0 -3.3 14.1 -5.0 1.3 5.8 64.7 0.5 14.9 6.8 2.2 9.7 -10.8 4.2 20.8 73.7 17.0 14.5 7.6 4.4 -1.0 6.1 9.1 4.6 10.3 27.8 14.2 -6.5 7.9 3.4 16.8 1.6 -2.1 58.6 11.4 30.0 93.1 39.7 5.6 5.3 9.8 18.1 4.9 9.7 -3.7 Allen Vanderburg 20.0 Bartholomew 15.9 Vigo 23.6 Blackford 4.1 Warren 3.8 5.6 Carroll Washington 4.2 Cass Wayne 3.6 Wells 9.0 Clay White 22.1 Whitley -2.5 IOWA Daviess 16.7 Adair Decatur 573 427 639 513 443 712 565 669 434 567 671 677 568 571 664 570 567 673 497 428 563 762 691 715 689 501 533 571 409 376 601 393 724 495 578 507 674 601 696 670 14,420 10,998 17,328 28,701 12,671 23,156 44,865 27,626 15,843 19,748 15,981 17, 119 17,090 20, 117 19,047 17,765 26,011 16,741 1 15,375 10,736 12,766 25,576 46,394 20,041 23,628 13,315 16,347 17,888 36,145 8,137 57,450 9,816 27,919 17,119 14,780 15,623 16,023 13,574 17,374 19,242 16,192 13,601 18,711 26,927 13,626 26,177 32,399 28,200 16,305 21,427 16,975 17,955 18,569 20,319 21,274 19,371 20,672 16,670 17,037 12,440 13,401 27,750 43,832 21,685 23,058 15,620 18, 115 19,185 35,989 7,995 56,403 9,936 29,845 17,754 14,996 18,546 17,820 13,757 18,729 19,514 14,534 12,292 17,907 18,961 12,412 24,178 24,219 23,772 14,630 18,997 13,548 15,463 13,107 18,828 19,645 18,253 14,864 15,659 15,019 11,332 9,309 26,733 41,199 18,894 20,479 15,258 15,643 17,349 35,324 4,328 49,848 4,274 23,141 15,424 12,871 16,842 15,797 13,215 17,380 15,319 -10.9 -19.1 -7.4 10.7 -7.0 -8.0 38.5 -2.0 -2.8 -7.8 -5.9 -4.7 -8.0 -1.0 -10.5 -8.3 21.0 1.0 -9.8 -13.7 -4.7 -7.8 3.6 -7.6 2.5 -14.8 -9.8 -6.8 0.4 1.8 1.9 -1.2 -6.6 -3.6 -1.4 -15.8 -10.1 -1.3 -7.2 -1.4 11.4 Dfilralh Adams 10.6 4.5 Appanoose 36.7 9.8 Fftvfittp Benton 4.1 Floyd Blackhawk 33.8 Boone 18.6 Bremer 11.4 Buchanan Buena Vista Butler 12.8 25.3 16.1 Calhoun 41.7 Carroll 7.9 Hancock Cass , Cedar 8.3 6.1 Cerro Gordo 39.1 5.8 Chickasaw 13.4 Clarke 9 8 Clay 44.0 Clayton 3.8 Clinton 6 4 14.8 Dallas 12 6 2 4 1,5.8 Des Moines 1 9 Dubuque 13 1 Fayette 29 Floyd 15.1 16.5 10 1 Mftrshall Franklin Martin Fremont 12.8 4.1 7.8 27.4 Grundy Montgomery Morgan Guthrie Hamilton 1 state total includes population (401) of Indian reservations specially enumerated in 1890, not distributed by counties. POPULATION OF COUNTIES. 37 AREA AND POPULATION OF COUNTIES AND EQUIVALENT SUBDIVISIONS IN THE UNITED STATES: 1910, 1900, AND 1890— Continued. [Per cent not shown where base is less than 100. A minus sign {— ) denotes decrease.] Table 13— C!on. COrNTY. IOWA— Con. Hancock. Hardin... Harrison. Henry..; Howard.. Humboldt. Ida Iowa Jackson Jasper Jefferson. Johnson.. Jones Keokuk.. Kossuth.. Lee Lirm Louisa... Lucas ' Lyon Madison.. Uahaska. Marian... Marshall. Mills Mitchell Monona Monroe Montgomery. Muscatine.... O'Brien Osceola Page Palo Alto.. Plymouth.. Pocahontas Polk Pottawattamie. , Poweshiek Ringgold Sac Scott... Shelby. Sioux.. Story.. Tama Taylor Union Van Buren.. Wapello Warren Washington.. Wayne Webster Wiimebago.. Winneshiek. . Woodbury... Worth Wright ^.. KANSAS. AUen Anderson. Atchison. . Barber Barton Bourbon Brown Butler Chase Chautauqua.. Cherokee. . Cheyenne. Clark Clay Cloud Land area in square iniles: 1910 570 691 427 431 430 583 632 730 431 610 669 578 973 611 709 396 432 682 663 56S 663 672 438 463 686 432 424 432 669 395 631 661 856 576 682 942 680 640 674 449 689 760 607 720 534 427 477 428 670 569 624 714 399 864 399 575 81,774 608 677 412 1,134 656 671 1,434 751 662 605 1,008 973 638 702 POPULATION. PEE CENT OP INCBEA3G. 1910 12,731 20,921 23, 162 18,640 12,920 12,182 11,296 18,409 21,268 27,034 15,951 25,914 19,050 21,160 21,971 36,702 60,720 12,856 13,462 14,624 16,621 29,860 22,995 30, 279 16, 811 13,436 16,633 25,429 16,604 29, 605 17,262 8,956 24,002 13, 845 23,129 14,808 110,438 66, 832 19, 589 12,904 16,555 60,000 16, 652 26,248 24,083 22,166 16,312 16,616 15,020 37,743 18,194 19,926 16, 184 34,629 11,914 21,729 67,616 9,950 17,951 1,690,919 1900 27,640 13,829 28,107 9,916 17,876 24,007 21,314 23,059 7,527 11,429 38, 162 4,248 4,093 16,261 18,388 13,752 22,794 25,697 20,022 14,512 12,667 12,327 19,544 23,615 26,976 17,437 24,817 21,954 24,979 22,720 39,719 55,392 13,516 16,126 13, 165 17, 710 34, 273 24,169 29,991 16,764 14,916 17,980 17,986 17,803 28,242 16,985 8,725 24,187 14, 354 22, 209 16,339 82,624 54,336 19,414 15,325 17,639 61,668 17, 932 23,337 23,169 24,686 18,784 19,928 17,364 36,426 20,376 20,718 17,491 31,767 12,726 23,731 64,610 10,887 18,227 1,470,495 19,507 13,938 28,606 6,694 13,784 24,712 22,369 23,363 8,246 11,804 42,694 2,640 1,701 16,833 18,071 1890 7,621 19,003 21,356 18,895 11, 182 9,836 10,705 18,270 22,771 24,943 15,184 23,082 20,233 23,862 13,120 37,715 45,303 11,873 14,563 8,680 15,977 28,805 23,058 25,842 14,548 13,299 14,515 13,666 15,848 24,604 13,060 5,574 21, 341 9,318 19,568 9,553 65,410 47,430 18,394 13,656 14,522 43, 164 17,611 18,370 18,127 21,651 16,384 16,900 16,263 30,426 18,269 18,468 16,670 21,582 7,326 22,528 56,632 9,247 12,067 n,428,108 13,509 14,203 26,768 7,973 13, 172 28,575 20,319 24,055 8,233 12,297 27,770 4,401 2,357 16,146 19,295 1900- 1910 -7.4 -8.2 -9.5 -6.9 -11.0 -8.4 -6.8 -10.0 0.2 -8.5 4.4 -13.2 -15.3 -3.3 -4.9 -16,5 11.1 -11.8 -12.9 -4 8 1.0 -5.7 -9.9 -7.6 41.4 -6.7 4.6 1.6 2.6 -0.8 -3.5 4.1 -3.5 33.7 2.8 0.9 -15.8 -6.1 16.4 -7.7 8.2 4.0 -9.9 -13.2 -16.6 -13.4 6.5 -10.7 -3.8 -7.6 9.0 -6.4 -8.4 23.8 -8.6 -1.5 IS.O 41.7 -0.8 -1.7 60.4 29.7 -2.9 -4.7 -1.3 -8.7 -3.2 -10.6 60.9 140.6 -3.7 1.8 1890- 1900 80.4 19.9 19.9 6.0 29.8 28.8 15.2 7.0 3.7 8.2 14.8 7.5 8.6 4.7 73.2 5.3 22.3 13.8 10.7 61.7 10.8 19.0 4.8 16.1 15.2 12.2 23.9 31.6 12.3 15.3 30.1 66.6 13.3 54.0 13.5 60.6 26.3 14.6 6.5 13.0 21.6 19.4 1.8 27.0 27.8 111.8 14.6 17.9 6.8 16.4 11.6 12.2 11.6 47.1 73.7 6.3 -1.8 17.7 51.2 3.0 44.4 -1.9 6.9 -17.3 4.6 -13.5 15.3 -2.9 0.2 -4.0 53.7 -40.0 -27.8 -1.9 -6.3 KANSAS— Con. Coffey Comanche.. Cowley Crawford... Decatur Dickinson.. Doniphan. . Douglas Edwards. . , Elk Ellis Ellsworth. . Finney ' ... Ford Franklin.. Geary Gove Graham.. Grant Gray Greeley Greenwood.. Hamilton... Harper Harvey Haskell Hodgeman. Jackson Jefferson Jewell Johnson... Kearny... Kingman. Kiowa Labette.. - Lane L^venworth.. Lincoln Liim Logan Lyon McPheraon.. Marion Marshall Meade Miami Mitchell Montgomery. Morris Morton Nemaha. Neosho.. Ness Norton... Osborne Ottawa Pawnee Phillips Pottawatomie. . Pratt Rawlins.. Reno Republic. Rice Riley... Rooks.. Rush... Russell. Saline. . . Scott Sedgwick. Seward... Shawnee. - Sheridan.. Land axeain square miles: 1910 644 788 1,133 605 838 378 469 611 662 901 724 1,276 1,082 686 390 1,080 897 678 857 776 1,168 984 799 540 677 868 675 543 900 863 867 723 643 715 440 721 613 1,082 846 90O 971 906 984 602 713 644 696 718 716 680 1,079 876 718 894 712 742 887 726 1,064 1,242 704 707 604 890 719 895 720 714 994 643 644 896 POPULATION. 1910 15,205 3,281 31,790 61,178 8,976 24,361 14,422 24,724 7,033 10,128 12,170 10,444 6,908 11,393 20,884 12,681 6,044 8,700 1,087 3,121 1,335 16,060 3,360 14,748 19,200 993 2,930 16,861 15,826 18,148 18,288 3,206 13,386 6,174 31,423 2,603 41,207 10,142 14,735 4,240 24,927 21,621 22,415 23,880 6,066 20,030 14,089 49,474 12,397 1,333 19,072 23,754 5,883 11,614 19,906 12,827 11,811 8,859 14,150 17, 622 11,156 6,380 37,853 17, 447 15,106 15,783 11,282 7,826 10,800 20,338 3,047 73,095 4,091 61,874 6,661 1900 16,643 1,619 30, 166 38,809 9,234 21,816 16,079 26,096 3,682 11,443 8,626 9,626 3,469 5,497 21,354 10,744 2,441 6,173 422 1,264 16, 196 1,426 10,310 17,591 467 2,032 17,117 17,533 19,420 18,104 1,107 10,663 2,365 27,387 1,563 40,940 9,886 16,689 1,962 26,074 21,421 20,676 24,355 1,581 21,641 14,647 29,039 11,967 304 20,376 19,264 4,636 •11,326 23,669 11,844 11,182 5,084 14,442 18,470 7,086 5,241 29,027 18,248 14,746 13,828 7,960 6,134 8,489 17,076 1,098 44,037 822 53,727 3,819 1890 15,866 2,549 34, 478 30,.286 8,414 22,273 13, 635 23,961 3,600 12,216 7,942 9,272 3,350 6,308 20,279 10,423 2,994 5,029 1,308 2,416 1,264 16,309 2,027 13,266 17,601 1,077 2,395 14,626 16,620 19,349 17,385 1,571 11,823 2,873 27,586 2,060 38,486 9,709 17,216 3,384 23,196 21,614 20,639 23,912 2,542 19,614 16,037 23,104 11,381 724 19,249 18,661 4,944 10,617 26,062 12,083 12,581 5,204 13,661 17,722 8,118 6,756 27,079 19,002 14,451 13,183 8,018 6,204 7,333 17,442 1,262 43,626 1,503 49, 172 3,733 PER CENT OP INCBEASE. 1900- 1910 -8.6 102.7 5.4 31.9 -2.8 11.7 -4.4 -1.6 91.0 -n.6 41.1 8.6 99.1 107.3 -2.2 18.0 147.6 68.2 157.6 146.9 170.8 -0.8 135.6 43.0 9.1 117.3 44.2 -1.6 -9.7 -6.5 1.0 189.6 25.5 161.1 14.7 66.5 0.7 2.6 -11.7 116.1 -0.6 0.6 8.4 -2.0 219.7 -7.4 -3.8 70.4 3.6 338.5 -6.4 23.4 29.7 2.6 -16.9 8.3 6.6 74.3 -2.0 -5.1 57.6 21.7 30.4 -4.4 2.4 14.1 41.7 27.6 27.2 19.1 177.5 66.0 397.7 15.2 48.0 1890- 1900 6.0 -36.6 -12.5 28.1 9.7 -2.1 111. 1 4.7 2.3 -6.3 8.6 3.8 3.6 3.6 6.3 3.1 -18.5 2.9 -67.7 -47.7 -61.0 -0.7 -29.6 -22.3 -0.1 -67.6 -16.2 110.1 5.5 0.4 4.1 -29.5 -9.8 -17.7 -0.7 -24.1 6.4 1.8 -3.1 -42.0 8.1 -0.9 07 1.9 -37. S 10. a -2.6 25.7 5.1 -58.0 5.9 3.7 -8.3 6.7 -5.6 -2.0 -n.i -2.3 5.7 4.2 -12.7 -22.4 7.2 -4.0 2.0 4.9 -0.7 17.9 15.8 -2.1 -13.0 0.9 -45.3 9.3 Z3 1 See headnote to table, page 32. " State total includes population (1,012) of Indian reservations specially enumerated in 1890, not distributed by counties; also population (881) of Garfield County, annexed to Finney County in 1893. ' For changes in boundaries, etc., of counties, see page 53. 38 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. AREA AND POPULATION OF COUNTIES AND EQUIVALENT SUBDIVISIONS IN THE UNITED STATES: 1910, 1900, AND 1890— Continued. [Per cent not shown where base is leas than 100. A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease.] Table 13— Con. COUNTY. KANSAS— Con. Sherman. Smith.... Stafford. . Stanton.. Stevens.. Sumner Thomas Trego Wabaunsee . Wallace Washington.. Wichita Wilson Woodson Wyandotte . . KENTUCKY. Adair Allen Anderson. Ballard... Barren Bath Bell Boone Bourbon. Boyd Ijand area in square miles: 1910 Boyle Bracken Breathitt Breckinridge. Bullitt Butler Caldwell.. Calloway- Campbell. Carlisle.... Carroll Carter Casey Christian.. Clark Clay Clinton Crittenden... Cumberland.. Daviess Edmonson. Elliott EstUli Eayette Fleming... Floyd..-. Franklin. Fulton.. - Gallatin.. Garrard. . Grant Graves... Grayson. Green Greenup. Hancock. Hardin... Harlan. . . Harrison. Hart Henderson. Henry Hickman... Hopkins... Jackson Jeflerson . . Jessamine.. Johnson Kenton... Knott 1,049 888 796 685 729 1,179 1,065 899 795 921 902 721 581 503 143 10,181 POPULATION. 1900 400 394 201 252 270 384 251 304 159 186 204 483 668 417 322 412 145 198 132 413 379 725 265 391 387 478 263 254 269 325 199 193 109 237 264 551 497 279 346 193 606 478 311 430 435 303 225 646 333 387 172 268 163 348 4,549 15,365 12, 510 1,034 2,453 30,654 5,455 5,398 12,721 2,769 20,229 2,006 19,810 9,450 100,068 2,289,905 3,341 16,384 9,829 327 620 25,631 4,112 2,722 12, 813 1,178 21, 963 1,197 15,621 10,022 73,227 2,147,174 16,503 14,882 10, 146 12, 690 25, 293 13,988 28,447 9,420 17,462 23,444 14,668 10,308 17,540 21,034 9,487 15,805 14,063 19,867 59,369 9,048 8,110 21,966 15,479 38,845 17,987 17, 789 8,153 13, 296 9,846 41,020 10,469 9,814 12,273 47,715 16,066 18, 623 21,135 14, 114 4,697 11,894 10,581 33,539 19,958 11,871 18,475 8,512 22,696 10,566 16, 873 18,173 29,352 13,716 11,750 34,291 10,734 262,920 12,613 17,482 70,355 10,791 1890 5,261 15,613 8,520 1,031 1,418 30,271 6,538 2,535 11, 720 2,468 22,894 1,827 15,286 9,021 54,407 1,868,635 PER CENT OF INCREASE. 1900- 1910 36.2 -6.2 27.3 216.2 295.6 19.6 32.7 98.3 -0.7 134.2 -7.9 67.6 26.8 -5.7 36.7 6.6 14,888 14,667 10,051 10, 761 23, 197 14,734 16, 701 11, 170 18,069 18,834 13,817 12,137 14,322 20,634 9,602 15,896 14,610 17, 633 54,223 10, 195 9,825 20,228 16,144 37, 962 16,694 15,364 7,871 15, 191 8,962 38,667 10,080 10,387 11,669 42,071 17,074 15,562 20,852 11,646 5,163 12,042 13,239 33,204 19,878 12,255 16, 432 8,914 22,937 9,838 18,670 18,390 13,721 13,692 10,610 8,390 21,490 12,813 10, 312 12,246 16, 976 14,033 12,948 12, 369 8,706 18, 976 8,291 13,956 13, 186 14,675 44,208 7,612 9,266 17,204 11,848 34. 118 15,434 12,447 7,047 13. 119 8,452 33,120 8,005 9,214 10,836 35,698 16,078 11,256 21,267 10,006 4,611 11,138 12,671 28,534 18,688 11,463 11,911 9,214 21,304 6,197 16,914 16,439 32,907 29,536 14,620 14,164 11,746 11,637 30,995 23,506 10,561 8,261 232,649 188,598 11,926 11,248 13,730 11,027 63,591 54,161 8,704 5,438 10.8 1.6 0.9 17.9 9.0 -5.1 81.2 -16.7 -3.4 24.5 6.2 -15.1 22.5 2.4 -1.2 -0.6 -3.1 12.7 9.5 -11.3 -17.5 8.6 2.2 2.3 7.7 15.8 3.6 -12.5 -5.6 5.2 13.4 -5.9 19.7 1.4 22.2 -9.0 -1.2 -20.1 1.0 0.4 -3.1 19.7 -4.5 -1.1 7.4 -9.1 -1.2 -10.8 -6.2 (') 10.6 1.6 13.1 5.8 27.3 10.6 24.0 1890- 1900 -36.5 4.9 16.4 -68.3 -56.3 -15.3 -25.7 7.4 9.3 -52.3 -4.1 -34.6 2.2 11.1 Ifi.S 8.5 7.0 -5.3 28.3 7.9 16.0 52.3 -8.8 6.4 34.2 6.7 -1.9 64.5 8.2 15.8 13.9 10.0 20.2 22.7 33.9 6.0 17.6 27.8 11.3 8.2 23.4 11.7 15.8 6.0 16.7 25.9 12.7 7.7 17.9 6.2 38.2 -2.0 15.4 12.0 8.1 4.5 16.4 6.4 6.9 29.6 -3.3 7.7 58.8 9.8 11.9 11.4 3.2 0.9 31.9 27.8 23.3 6.0 24.5 17.4 60.1 KENTTJOKY- Con. Euox Larue Laurel Lawrence Lee Leslie Letcher Lewis Lincoln Livingston. Logan Lyon McCracken. McLean Madison Marion. . . Marshall. Martin... Meade Menifee.. Mercer... Metcalfe.. Momoe... Montgomery. Morgan Muhlenberg.. Nelson Nicholas Ohio Oldham Owen Owsley Pendleton.. Perry Pike Powell 1 Pulaski Eobertson.. Rockcastle. Rowan Russell Scott Shelby Simpson. Spencer.. Taylor... Todd Trigg Trimble Union Warren Washington. . Wayne Webster... Whitley... Wolfe Woodford - Bossier.... Caddo Calcasieu.. Caldwell.. Cameron. Land area in square miles: 1910 LOUISIANAa.... Acadia Ascension Assumption.. Avoyelles Bienville Catahoulai Claiborne Concordia DeSoto East Baton Rouge . 356 288 447 422 199 ' 373 356 491 338 392 643 277 239 263 446 302 345 327 227 227 301 203 253 303 441 198 366 472 411 584 180 367 216 279 335 779 181 779 109 310 272 329 289 427 216 186 279 367 428 154 325 630 299 590 344 686 230 195 15,409 POPULATION. 647 291 484 847 863 880 3,650 631 1,501 718 778 714 872 465 1910 22,116 10,701 19,872 20,067 9,531 8,976 10,023 16,887 17,897 10,627 24,977 9,423 36,064 13,241 26,961 13,654 16,330 15,771 7,291 18,611 9,783 6,153 14,063 10,463 13, 663 12,868 16,259 28,598 16,830 10,601 27,642 7,248 14,248 7,979 11,985 11,256 31,679 . 6,268 35,986 4,121 14,473 9,438 10,861 16,966 18,041 11,460 7,567 11,961 16,488 14,539 6,512 19,886 30, 579 13,940 17,518 20,974 31,982 9,854 12,571 1,656,388 31,847 23,887 24,128 34,102 21,776 21,738 58,200 62,767 8,593 4,288 10,415 26,050 14,278 27,689 34,580 1900 17,372 10,764 17, 592 19, 612 7,988 6,753 9,172 17,868 17,069 11,364 25,994 9,319 28,733 12,448 25,607 12,006 16,290 13,692 6,780 20,446 10,533 6,818 14,426 9,988 13,053 12,834 12, 792 20,741 16,687 11,952 27,287 7,078 17,553 6,874 14,947 8,276 22,686 6,443 31,293 4,900 12,416 8,277 9,695 18,076 18,340 11,624 7,406 11,075 17,371 14,073 7,272 21,326 29,970 14, 182 14,892 20,097 25,016 8,764 13,134 1,381,626 23,483 24,142 21,620 29,701 17,588 24,153 44,499 30,428 6,917 3,962 16,361 23,029 13,559 26,063 31,153 1890 13,762 9,433 13, 747 17,702 6,206 3,964 6,920 14,803 15,962 9,474 23,812 7,628 21,051 9,887 24,348 9,196 16,648 11,287 4,209 20,773 9,484 4,666 16,034 9,871 10,989 12,367 11,249 17,955 16,417 10,764 22,946 6,754 17,676 6,975 16,346 6,331 17,378 4,698 25,731 4,684 9,841 6,129 8,136 16,546 16,621 10,878 6,760 9,363 16,814 13,902 7,140 18,229 30,158 13, 622 12,852 17, 196 17,590 7,180 12,380 < 1,118,588 PEE CENT OF INCEEA3E. 1900- 1910 13,231 19,545 19,629 25, 112 14,108 20,330 31,555 20,176 5,814 2,828 12,002 23,312 14,871 19, 860 26,922 27.3 -0.6 13.0 2.3' 19.3 32.9 15.8 -6.5 4.9 —6.4 -3.9 1.1 22.0 6.4 5.2 13.7 0.2 15.2 26.1 -9.0 -7.1 -9.8 -2.5 4.7 4.7 0.3 27.1 37.9 1.5 -11.3 1.3 2.4 -18.8 16.1 -19.8 1890- 1900 36.0 39.6 -2.7 16.0 -15.9 16.6 14.0 12.0 -6.2 -1.6 -1.4 2.2 8.0 -5.1 3.3 -10.5 -6.8 2.0 -1.7 17.6 4.4 27.9 12.6 -4..3 19.9 36.6 -1.1 11.6 14.8 23.8 -10.0 30.8 106.3 24.2 8.6 -36.3 8.8 5.3 10.5 11.0 14.1 28.0 10.8 28.7 70.4 32.5 20.7 6.9 19.8 9.2 22.2 36.5 25.9 5.2 4.1 21.3 37.3 -1.6 11.1 46.1 -4.0 1.2 18.8 3.8 13.7 16.5 1.0 11.0 18.9 4.8 -0.7 15.0 30.7 30.5 37.1 21.6 4.6 36.0 19.2 9.2 11.0 6.9 9.6 18.4 3.3 1.2 1.8 17.0 -0.6 4.1 16.9 16.9 42.2 22.1 6.1 23.5 77.5 23.5 10.1 18.3 24.7 18.8 41.0 50.8 19.0 39.7 36.2 -1.2 -8.8 1 For changes in boundaries, etc., of counties, see page 63. 2 Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. s Subdivisions are designated as parishes. < State total Includes population (1) specially entimerated In 1 to any parish. 20.2 0, not credited POPULATION OF COUNTIES. 39 AREA AND POPULATION OF COUNTIES AND EQUIVALENT SUBDIVISIONS IN THE UNITED STATES: 1910, 1900, AND 1890— Continued. [Per cent not shown where base is less than 100. A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease.] Table 13— Con. COXJNTT. LoinsiAirA- Con. East Carroll East Feliciana... FranlcUn Grant Iberia Iljerville.. Jackson... Jefferson.. La Salle'.. Lafayette. Lafourche. . Lincoln Livingston. Madison Morehouse.. Natchitoches. . . Orleans Ouachita Plaquemines. . . Pointe Coupee. Land area In square miles: 1910 Bapides Bed Elver.. Bichland Sabine St. Bernard . St. Charles St. Helena St. James St. John the Baptist St. Landry St. Martin St. Mary St. Tammany. , Tangipahoa Tensas Terrebonne.. Union Vermilion Vernon Washington., Webster West Baton Kouge. West Carroll West Feliciana Winn MAINE. Androscoggin. Aroostook Cumberland.. Franklin Hancock... Kennebec. Knox Lincoln Oxford Penobscot.. Piscataquis. Sagadahoc. . Somerset Waldo Washington. York MARYLAND. Allegany Anne Anmdel. Baltimore Baltimore city . Calvert 420 464 630 683 689 &84 578 425 640 279 991 472 662 650 831 1,289 200 642 1,005 576 1,370 400 565 1,020 616 295 420 254 231 1,646 625 632 906 790 632 1,756 918 1,213 1,367 665 609 214 366 352 29,89S POPULATION. 1910 459 6,453 853 1,789 1,622 879 361 457 1,980 3,258 3,770 250 3,633 724 2,528 9,941 443 432 650 30 218 319 447 377 464 576 11,637 20,055 11,989 15,958 31,262 30,954 13,818 18, 247 9,402 28,733 33,111 18,485 10,627 10,676 18,786 36, 465 339,075 25,830 12, 624 25,289 44,545 11,402 16,769 19,874 5,277 11,207 9,172 23,009 14,338 66,661 23,070 39,368 18,917 29, 160 17,060 28,320 20,461 26,390 17,384 18,886 19, 186 12,636 6,249 13,449 18,357 712,371 69,822 74,664 112,014 19,119 36,575 62,863 28,981 18,216 36,256 86,286 19,887 18, 574 36,301 23,383 42,905 68,526 1,295,346 62,411 39,653 122, 349 558,486 10,325 19,216 33,934 23,759 16,386 28,669 Caroline Carroll Cecil Charles Dorchester 1 For changes in boundaries, etc., of counties, see page 53. ' State total includes population (4) specially enumerated in 1890, not credited to any county. 1900 11,373 20,443 8,890 12,902 29,015 27,006 9,119 15,321 22,825 28,882 15,898 8,100 12,322 16,634 33,216 287, 104 20,947 13,039 25,777 39,578 11,548 11, 116 15,421 5,031 9,072 8,479 20,197 12,330 52,906 18,940 34, 146 13,335 17, 625 19,070 24,464 18,520 20,705 10,327 9,628 15, 125 10,286 3,685 15,994 9,648 694,466 54,242 60,744 100,689 18,444 37,241 59,117 30,406 19,669 32,238 76,246 16, 949 20,330 33,849 24,185 45,232 64,885 1,188,044 53,694 39,620 90,755 508,957 10,223 16,248 33,860 24,662 17,662 27,962 1890 12, 362 17,903 6,900 8,270 20,997 21,848 7,463 13,221 16,966 22,096 14,753 5,769 14, 136 16,786 25,836 242,039 17,985 12,641 19, 613 27,642 11,318 10,230 9,390 4,326 7,737 8,062 15, 715 11,369 40,260 14,884 22,416 10,160 12,665 16,647 20, 167 17,304 14,234 5,903 6,700 12, 466 8,363 S,748 16,062 7,082 661,086 49, 689 90,949 17,063 37,312 67,012 31,473 21,996 30,586 72,866 16, 134 19,452 32,627 27, 759 44,482 62,829 1,042,390 41,671 34,094 72,909 434, 439 9,860 13,903 32,376 25,851 15, 191 24,843 PEB CENT OF INCBEASE. 1900- 1910 2.3 -1.9 34.9 23.7 7.7 14.6 51.5 19.1 25.9 14.6 16.3 31.2 -13.4 12.9 18.1 23.3 -3.9 -1.9 12.6 -1.3 41.9 28.9 4.9 23.5 8.2 13.9 16.3 26.0 21.8 15.3 41.9 65.4 -10.6 16.8 10.4 27.5 68.3 96.2 26.8 22.9 69.6 -16.9 90.3 10.3 22.9 11.2 3.7 -4.6 6.3 -4.7 -7.4 12.5 11.9 17.3 -8.6 7.2 -3.3 -5.1 5.6 9.0 16.2 -0.2 318 9.7 1.0 18.3 0.2 -3.7 -7.2 2.5 1890- 1900 -8.0 14.2 28.8 66.0 38.2 23.6 22.4 16.9 43.0 30.7 7.8 40.4 -12.8 -0.9 28.6 18.6 16.6 4.0 31.4 43.2 2.0 8.7 64.2 16.3 17.3 5.2 28.5 8.5 31.4 27.3 52.3 31.3 39.3 14.6 21.3 7.0 46.6 74.9 43.7 21.3 23.0 -1.7 6.2 36.2 6.0 10.8 22.6 10.7 8.2 -0.2 3.7 -3.4 -10.6 5.4 4.6 6.1 4.5 3.7 -12.9 1.7 3.3 14.0 29.2 16.2 24.5 17.2 3.7 16.9 4.6 -4.6 16 3 12.6 MARYLAND Con. Frederick Garrett Harford Howard Kent Montgomery Prince Georges. - Queen Annes... St. Marys Somerset Talbot Washington Wicomico Worcester MASSACEUSETTS Barnstable. Berkshire. . Bristol Dukes Franldin Hampden'.. Hampshire'. Middlesex'.. Nantucket. . Norfolk'... Plymouth. Suflolk'.... Worcester.. MICHIGAN. Alcona.. Alger... Allegan. Alpena.. Antrim. Arenac. Baraga. Barry.. Bay Benzie. Berrien.. Branch,. Calhoun.. Charlevoix ' . Cheboygan. Chippewa.. Clare Clinton Crawford Delta Dicldnsoni. Eaton Emmet' Genesee Gladwin Gogebic Grand Traverse. Gratiot Hillsdale Houghton.. Huron Ingham Ionia Iosco Iron' Isabella Jackson Kalamazoo.. Kalkaska... Kent Keweenaw'. Lake Lapeer Leelanau'... Land area in square miles: 1910 663 685 442 250 282 521 482 365 371 331 268 459 371 495 8,039 667 107 497 697 636 586 832 51 410 675 61 1,556 57,480 920 833 584 475 374 • 917 656 443 314 569 497 693 493 411 725 1,573 582 571 675 776 671 •486 655 519 1,133 467 679 697 1,019 854 563 579 570 1,200 672 707 662 573 860 554 579 666 338 POPULATION. 1910 62,673 20,105 27,965 16, 106 16,957 32,089 36,147 16,839 17,030 26,455 19,620 49,617 26,815 21,841 3,366,416 27,542 105,259 318,573 4,504 436, 477 43,600 231,369 63,327 669, 915 2,962 187,506 144,337 731,388 399,657 8,810,173 6,703 7,675 39,819 19,966 15,692 9,640 6,127 22,633 68,238 10,638 63,622 25,606 66,638 20,624 19,157 17,872 24, 472 9,240 23,129 3,934 30, 108 20,624 30,499 18,561 64,565 8,413 23,333 23,784 28,820 29, 673 88,098 34, 758 63, 310 33,550 9,753 15, 164 23, 029 53,426 60,427 8,097 169, 145 7,156 4,939 26,033 10,608 61,920 17,701 28,269 16,715 18,786 30,451 29,898 18,364 17,182 25,923 20,342 45,133 22,852 20,865 2,805,346 27,826 96,667 252,029 4,561 367,030 41,209 176, 603 68,820 566, 696 3,006 161,539 113, 986 611, 417 346, 958 2,420,982 6,691 6,868 38,812 18,254 16,568 9,821 4,320 22,514 62,378 9,686 49, 166 27,811 49,315 20,876 13, 966 16,616 21,338 8,360 25, 136 2,943 23,881 17,890 31,668 16,931 41,804 6,664 16,738 20,479 29,889 29,865 66,063 34,162 39,818 34,329 10,246 8,990 22,784 48,222 44,310 7,133 129, 714 3,217 4,957 27,641 10,666 49,512 14, 213 28,993 16,269 17,471 27,186 26,080 18,461 15,819 24, 156 19,736 39, 782 19,930 19,747 ^2,238,947 1890 29, 172 81, 108 186,466 4,369 299, 995 38,610 135,713 51,859 431, 167 3,268 118, 960 92,700 484,780 280,787 32,093,890 6,409 1,238 38, 961 15,681 10,413 5,683 3,036 23,783 66, 412 5,237 41,285 26,791 43,501 20,953 9,686 11,986 12,019 7,568 26, 609 2,962 16,330 32,094 8,756 39,430 4,208 13, 166 13,355 28,668 30,660 35,389 28,545 37,666 32,801 15,224 4,432 18,784 45,031 39,273 5,160 109,922 2,894 6,505 29,213 7,944 PEE CENT OP INCEEASE. 1900- 1910 1.6 13.6 -1.1 -3.6 -9.7 5.4 20.9 -8.3 -0.9 2.1 -3.5 9.9 17.3 4.7 20.0 1890- 1900 -1.0 10.0 26.4 -1.2 22.3 5.8 31.8 7.7 18.4 -1.5 23.7 26.6 19.6 15.2 16.1 0.2 30.8 2.6 9.4 -5.3 -1.8 41.8 0.5 9.4 9.1 i -7.9 i 14.8 I -1.2 I 37.3 i 4.9 24.5 -2.5 2.7 7.5 12.0 14.6 -0.6 8.6 7.3 3.1 13.5 14.7 5.7 2S.3 -4.6 18.0 35.2 4.4 19.0 6.7 29.4 13.4 31.2 -8.0 27.4 23.0 26.1 23.6 1S.6 572 374.0 -0.4 17.2 59.1 72.8 42.3 -6.3 10.6 84.9 19.1 3.8 13.4 -0.4 44.1 15.2 29.5 14.7 77.6 10.5 10.6 -8.0 -6.2 33.7 -0.6 26.1 65.8 14.7 -3.7 -1.3 16.5 81.9 54.4 6.0 28.2 56.0 39.4 27.1 16.1 63.3 -3.6 4.3 -0.6 -2.6 33.4 86.7 1.7 19.7 33.9 6.7 —2.3 4.7 -4.8 -32.7 68.7 102.8 1.1 21.3 10.8 7.1 36.4 12.8 13.6 38.2 22.7 18.0 122.4 11.2 -0.4 -23.8 -5.8 -5.4 0.5 32.9 8 state total includes population (1) specially enumerated In 1890, not credited to any county; also, population (996) of Manltou and Isle Royai Counties, annexed to Charlevots, Leelanau, and Keweenaw Counties In 1896 and 1897. 40 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. AREA AND POPULATION OF COUNTIES AND EQUIVALENT SUBDIVISIONS IN THE UNITED STATES: 1910, 1900, AND 1890— Continued. [Per cent not shown where base is less than 100. A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease.] Table 13— Con. COUNTY. MICHIGAN- Con. Lenawee Livingston Luce Mackinac Macomb Manistee Marquette 1.. Mason Mecosta Menomineei. Midland Missaukee Monroe Montcalm Montmorency. Muskegon . Newaygo... Oakland... Oceana Ogemaw... Ontonagon. , Osceola Oscoda Otsego Ottawa Presque Isle.. Koscommon.. Saginaw St. Clair St. Joseph Sanilac Schoolcraft. . Shiawassee. . Tuscola Van Buren.. Washtenaw. Wayne Wexford HimTESOTA. Aitkin Anoka Becker Beltrami'. Benton... Big Stone... Blue Earth. Brown Carlton Carver Cliippewa. . . Cliisago Clay Qearwateri. Cook Cottonwood. . Crow Wingi. Dalcota Dodge Douglas. . . Faribault. Fiiimore.. Freeborn.. Goodhue.. Grant Hennepin.. Houston . . . Hubbard 1. Isanti Itascai Jackson Kanabec... Kandiyohi . Kittson' . . . Land area in square mUes: 1910 743 568 920 1,044 472 562 1,870 494 671 1,056 529 682 673 724 561 504 851 886 543 1,333 577 676 678 538 828 710 503 976 1,207 S57 827 617 704 620 677 80,868 1,830 459 1,349 3,822 405 491 762 612 867 376 2,104 591 427 1,043 1,019 1,498 640 1,057 599 440 735 767 653 565 570 958 442 2,730 702 S34 801 1,111 POPULATION. 1910 47,907 17,736 4,004 9,249 32, 606 26,688 46,739 21,832 19, 466 25,648 14,005 10,606 32,917 32,069 3,755 40,577 19,220 49,576 18, 379 8,907 8,650 17,889 2,027 6,552 45,301 11,249 2,274 89,290 52,341 25,499 33, 930 8,681 33,246 34,913 33,185 44,714 531,591 20,769 2,075,708 10,371 12,493 18,840 19,337 11,615 9,367 29,337 20, 134 17,559 17,455 11,620 13,458 13,537 19,640 6,870 1,336 12,651 10,861 25,171 12,094 17,669 19.949 25,680 22,282 31,637 9,114 333,480 14,297 9,831 12,615 17,208 14,491 6,461 18,969 9,669 1900 48,406 19,604 2,983 7,703 33,244 27,856 41,239 18,885 20, 693 27,046 14,439 9,308 32,754 32,754 3,234 37,036 17,673 44,792 16,644 7,765 6,197 17,859 1,468 6,175 39, 667 1,787 81,222 65,228 23,889 35,055 7,889 33, 866 35,890 33,274 47,761 348,793 16,845 21,751,394 6,743 11,313 14,375 11,030 9,912 8,731 32,263 19,787 10,017 17,544 7,777 12,499 13,248 17,942 810 12,069 14,250 21,733 13,340 17,964 22,055 28,238 21,838 31, 137 8,935 228,340 15,400 6, .578 11,675 4,573 14,793 4,614 18,416 7,889 1890 48,448 20,858 2,455 7,830 31,813 24,230 39,521 16,385 19, 697 33, 639 10,657 5,048 32,337 32,637 1,487 40,013 20, 476 41,246 15,698 5,683 3,756 14, 630 1,904 4,272 35,358 4,687 2,033 82,273 52,105 25,356 32,589 5,818 30,952 32,508 30,541 42,210 257, 114 11,278 91,310,283 2,462 9,884 9,401 312 6,284 6,722 29,210 15,817 5,272 16,532 1,247 8,555 10,369 11,517 7,412 8,852 20,240 10,864 14, 606 16,708 25,966 17,962 28,806 6,875 185,294 14,663 1,412 7,607 743 8,924 1,679 13,997 5,387 PEE CENT OF INCREASE. 1900- 1910 -1.0 —9.8 34.2 20.1 -1.9 -4.2 13.3 15.6 -5.9 -5.2 -3.0 13.9 0.5 -2.1 16.1 10.7 10.4 14.7 39.6 0.2 38.1 6.1 14.2 27.5 27.3 9.9 -5.2 6.7 -3.2 10.0 -1.8 -2.7 -0.3 -6.4 62.4 23.3 18.6 53.8 10.4 31.1 75.3 17.2 7.3 -9.1 18 75.3 -0.5 49.4 7.7 2.2 9.5 64.9 4.8 18.3 16.8 -9.3 -16 -9.5 -9.1 2.0 1.6 2.0 46.0 -7.2 49.5 8.1 276.3 -2.0 40.0 3.0 22.6 1890- 1000 -0.1 -5.7 21.5 -1.6 4.5 15.0 4.3 15.3 5.1 -19.6 35.5 84.4 1.3 0.4 117.5 —7.4 —13.7 8.6 6.0 39.1 65.0 22.1 —22.9 44.5 12.2 88.2 -12.1 —1.3 8.0 —5.8 7.6 35.6 9.4 10.4 8.9 13.2 35.7 49.4 88.7 173.9 14.5 52.9 « 2, 960. 3 57.7 62.6 10.5 25.1 '83.0 6.1 <332.7 46.1 27.9 55.8 61.0 7.4 K.8 23.0 32.0 8.7 216 8.1 30.0 23.2 5.1 365.9 63.5 •425.0 65.8 192.2 31.6 46.4 UIKKESOTA- Con. Koochiching! Lao qui Parle Lake Le Sueur Lincoln Lyon McLeod Malinomeni Marshall Martin Meeker Mille Lacs Morrison Mower Murray Nicollet Noblfe Norman' Olmsted Otter Tail Pennington' Pine Pipestone Polk' Pope Ramsey Red Lake' Redwood Renville Rice Rock Roseau' St. Louis Scott Sherburne Sibiey Steams Steele Stevens Swift Todd Traverse Wabasha Wadena Waseca Washington Watonwan Wilkin Winona Wright Yellow Medicine MISSISSIPPI. Adams.. Alcorn . . Amite. . Attala.. Benton. Bolivar Calhoun . . . Carroll Chickasaw. Choctaw... Claiborne. Clarke Clay CoELhoma. Copiah Covington' DeSoto.... Forrest ' . . . Franklin... George' — Land area in square miles: 1910 3,141 790 2,099 466 S35 708 496 572 1,788 719 621 683 1,143 711 704 443 722 860 666 607 1,413 469 1,979 693 161 432 881 978 495 492 1,670 6,803 448 585 1,362 431 564 741 957 541 638 431 397 434 745 637 691 749 46,362 426 386 714 715 879 579 624 501 414 489 675 408 530 769 410 475 462 647 475 POPULATION. 1910 6,431 15,435 8,011 18,609 9,874 15,722 18, 691 3,249 16,338 17,518 17,022 10,705 24,053 22,640 11,755 14,125 15,210 13,446 22,497 46,036 9,376 15,878 9,553 36, 001 12,746 223,675 6,564 18,425 23,123 25,911 10,222 11,338 163,274 14,888 16,540 47,733 16,146 8,293 12,949 23,407 8,049 18,554 8,652 13,466 26,013 11,382 9,063 33,398 28,082 15,406 1,797,114 25,265 18,159 22,954 28,851 10,245 48,905 17,726 23,139 22,846 14,357 17,403 21,630 20,203 34,217 35,914 16,909 23,130 20,722 16,193 6,599 1900 14,289 4,654 20,234 8,966 14,591 19,595 16,698 16,936 17,753 8,066 22,891 22,335 11,911 14,774 14,932 15,046 23, 119 45,375 11,546 9,204 35,429 12,677 170,554 12,195 17,261 23,693 26,080 9,668 6,994 82,932 15,147 7,281 16,862 44,464 16,624 8,721 13,603 32,214 7,573 18,924 7,921 14,760 27,808 11,496 35,686 29,157 14,602 1,551,270 30,111 14,987 20, 708 26,248 10,510 35,427 16,512 22,116 19,892 13,036 20,787 17, 741 19,663 26,293 34,395 13,076 24,761 13,678 1890 10,382 1,299 19,057 9,501 17,026 9,130 9,403 15,456 2,845 13,325 18,019 6,692 13,382 7,958 10,618 19,806 34,232 4,052 5,132 30,192 10,032 139,796 9,386 17,099 23,968 6,817 44,862 13,831 5,908 15, 199 34,844 13,232 5,251 10,161 12,930 4,516 16,972 4,053 13,313 25,992 7,746 4,346 33,797 24,164 9,854 1,289,600 26,031 13,115 18,198 22,213 10,585 29,980 14,688 18,773 19,891 10,847 14,516 15,826 18,607 18,342 30,233 8,299 24,183 10,424 PEE CENT OP INCKEASE. 1900- 1910 8.0 72.1 -8.0 10.1 7.8 -4.6 4.1 3.4 -4.1 32.7 S.l 1.4 -1.3 -4.4 1.9 -10.6 -2.7 1.5 37.5 3.1 1.6 1.3 31.1 -46.2 6.7 -2.4 -0.6 6.7 62.1 96.9 -1.7 11.7 -7.8 7.4 -2.3 -4.9 -4.1 5.4 6.3 -2.0 9.2 -8.8 -6.5 -1.0 12.2 -6.4 -3.7 5. .5 15.8 -16.1 21.2 10.8 9.9 -2.5 38.0 7.4 4.6 14.9 10.1 -16.3 21.9 3.3 30.1 4.4 29.3 -6.5 11.1 1890- 1900 37.6 258.3 6.2 57.5 53.6 16.1 71.9 80.1 14.9 183.5 71.8 24.0 78.0 10.4 87.6 41.7 16.7 32.6 184.9 80.5 17.3 25.4 22.0 38.6 8.8 41.8 <82.9 9.5 23.2 10.9 27.8 24.9 66.1 32.9 71.8 67.7 11.5 95.4 10.9 7.0 48.4 85.9 5.6 20.7 48.2 20.3 15.7 14.3 13.8 18.2 -0.7 18.2 12.4 17.8 20.2 43.2 12.1 6.1 43.3 13.8 57.6 2.3 31.2 1 For changes in boundaries, etc., of counties, see page 53. ^. _ 2 State total includes population (3,488 in 1900) of white Earth Indian Reser- vation not returned by counties in 1900; returned in 1910 in Becker, Clearwater, and Mahnomen Counties. 3 State total includes population (8,457) of Indian reservations specially enu- merated in 1890, not distributed by counties. * See headnote to table, page 32. <• Less than one-tenth oil per cent. POPULATION OF COUNTIES. 41 AREA AND POPULATION OF COUNTIES AND EQUIVALENT SUBDIVISIONS IN THE UNITED STATES: 1910, 1900, AND 1890— Continued. [Per cent not shown where base is less than 100. A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease.] Table 13— Con. COXJNTY. Land area in square miles: 1910 POPULATION. 1910 1900 1890 PER CENT OF INCKEASE. 1900- 1910 1890- 1900 Land area in square miles: 1910 POPULATION. 1910 1900 1890 PEE CENT OF mCEEASE. 1900- 1910 1890- 1900 UISSISSIFPI- Con. Greenei Grenada Hancocki Harrison Hinds Holmes Issaquena. . Itawamba. Jackson 1... Jasper JeSerson Jefferson Davis ' . Jones Kemper Lafayette Lamari Lauderdale. Lawrence'.. Leake Lee Leflore... Lincoln.., Lowndes.. Madison.. Marion 1.. Marshall Monroe Montgomery. Neshoba Newton Noxubee Oktibbeha... Fanola Pearl Elver 1. PeiTy 1 Pike Pontotoc, Prentiss.. Quitman., Rankin.., Scott Sharkey... Simpson... Smith Sunflower. . Tallahatchie. Tate Tippah Tishomingo.. Tunica Union Warren ■Washington. Wayne Webster Wilkinson.. Winston... Yalobusha. Yazoo MISSOURI. Adair Andrew.. Atchison. Audrain.. Barry Barton Bates Benton... Bollinger. Boone Buchanan Butler Caldwell.. Callaway.. Camden... 710 442 469 1,013 858 834 406 S29 710 667 607 404 696 752 664 495 700 418 576 448 672 678 499 725 624 561 568 682 457 696 797 644 707 494 409 395 791 597 444 576 626 690 400 446 428 418 412 572 877 812 416 667 597 490 1,038 68,727 671 428 528 686 784 596 870 745 609 6,050 15,727 11,207 34,658 63,726 10,660 14,626 15,451 18,498 18,221 12,860 29,886 20,348 21,883 11,741 46,919 13,080 18,298 28,894 36,290 28,697 30,703 33,505 16,699 26,796 36,178 17,706 17,980 23,085 28,603 19,676 31,274 10,693 7,686 37,272 19,688 16,931 11,593 23,944 16,723 15,694 17,201 16,603 28,787 29,078 19,714 14,631 13,067 18,646 18,997 37,488 48,933 14,709 14,853 18,076 17,139 21,519 46,672 3,293,335 22,700 15,282 13,604 21,687 23,869 16, 747 25,869 14, 881 14,676 30,633 6,796 14,112 11,886 21,002 62,677 36,828 10,400 13,644 16,613 15,394 21,292 17,846 20,492 22,110 38,150 16, 103 17,360 21,966 23,834 21,652 29,096 32,493 13,501 27,674 31,216 16,536 12,726 19,708 30,846 20,183 29,027 6,697 14,682 27,646 18,274 15,788 5,435 20,955 14,316 12, 178 12,800 13,066 16,084 19,600 20,618 12,983 10,124 16,479 16,522 40,912 49,216 12,639 13,619 21,463 14,124 19,742 43,948 3,106,665 21,728 17,332 16,501 21,160 25,632 18,253 30, 141 16,666 14,660 28,642 3,906 14,974 8,318 12,481 39,279 30,970 12,318 11,708 11,261 14,786 18,947 -11.0 11.4 -6.7 66.0 21.2 6.1 1.6 7.3 -6.4 20.2 -14.4 8,333 17,961 20,663 67.5 -0.7 -1.0 29,661 12,318 14,803 20,040 16,869 17,912 27,047 27,321 9,632 26,043 30,730 14,469 11,146 16,626 27,338 17,694 26,977 2,967 6,494 21,203 14,940 13,679 3,286 17,922 11,740 8,382 10,138 10,635 9,384 14,361 19,253 12,961 9,302 12,168 15,606 33,164 40,414 9,817 12,060 17,692 12,089 16,629 36,394 2 2,679,185 17,417 16,000 16,633 22,074 22, 943 18,504 32,223 14,973 13,121 26,043 408 93,020 " 121,838 70,100 699 20,624 16,769 10,164 433 14,605 16,666 15,152 24,400 25,984 25,131 687 11,582 13,113 10,040 • For changes in boundaries, etc., of counties, see page 53. 23.0 -13.4 6.4 31.6 62.3 32.7 5.6 3.1 15.6 -3.2 12.7 7.1 41.3 17.1 -7.6 -2.5 7.7 68.2 -47.7 35.3 7.7 7.2 113.3 14.3 16.8 28.9 34.4 27.2 79,0 48.4 -4.4 12.7 291 13.2 15.0 -8.4 -0.6 17.3 9.1 -15.7 21.3 9.0 6.2 e.o 4.6 -11.8 -17.6 2.5 -6.5 -14.2 -10.1 -0.5 6.6 -23.7 23.0 -12.3 -6.1 -11.7 74.0 -5.8 42.9 68.3 33.9 18.9 -16.6 15.7 46.8 4.1 12.4 114.2 14.1 7.6 28.6 22.6 17.3 41.3 20.3 7.6 18.9 41.6 1.6 14.4 14.2 18.6 12.8 14.1 7.6 126.5 126.1 29.9 22.3 16.4 66.4 16.9 21.9 46.3 26.3 22.8 71.4 36.5 7.1 0.2 8.8 35.6 6.9 23.4 21.8 27.7 12.9 21.9 16.8 18.7 20.8 16.0 24.8 8.3 6.2 -4.1 11.3 -1.4 -6.5 10.6 11.7 10.0 73.8 66.0 9.9 3.4 30.6 MISSOURI- Con. Cape Girardeau. Carroll Carter Cedar. Chariton.. Christian.. Clark Clay Clinton . . . Cole Cooper Crawford.. Dade Dallas Daviess.. Dekalb... Dent Douglas.. Dunklin. Franklin... Gasconade. Gentry Greene Grundy Harrison. Henry... Hickory.. Holt Howard.. Howell... Iron Jaclraon.. Jasper Jefferson. Johnson... Knox Laclede... Lafayette.. Lawrence - Lewis Lincoln Linn Livingston. McDonald . . Macon. .. Madison. Maries. .. Marion . . Mercer... Miller Mississippi... Moniteau Monroe Montgomery. Morgan New Madrid . Newton Nodaway Oregon Ozark. . . . Pemiscot. Perry Pettis Phelps.. Pike.... Platte... Polk.... Pulaski. Putnam... Balls Randolph. Bay Reynolds. . 680 703 606 721 768 553 498 402 423 389 658 747 601 543 664 425 746 804 530 879 614 490 667 721 744 407 446 468 916 663 610 635 681 831 514 763 612 609 504 607 626 631 527 499 620 436 453 593 413 410 666 514 614 652 622 871 778 693 746 456 462 685 670 663 416 641 542 517 481 491 665 828 27,621 23,098 5,504 22,973 16,080 23,603 15,832 12,811 20, 302 16,297 21,967 20,311 13, 576 18, 613 13, 181 17,605 12,531 13,245 16, 664 30,328 29,830 12, 847 16,820 63,831 16, 744 20,466 27,242 8,741 14,539 15,663 21,065 8,603 283,522 89, 673 27, 878 26,297 12,403 17,363 30, 164 26,583 16,514 17,033 26,253 19,453 13,539 30,868 11,273 10,088 30,672 12,335 16,717 14,667 14,375 18, .304 15,604 12,863 19,488 27,136 28,833 14,681 14,283 11,926 19,559 14,898 33,913 15,796 22,656 14,429 21,661 11,438 14,308 12,913 26,182 21,461 9,692 24,315 26, 466 6,706 23,636 16,923 26,826 16,939 15,383 18,903 17,363 20,678 22,632 12,959 18,126 13,903 21,325 14,418 12,986 16,802 21, 706 30,681 12,298 20,654 62, 713 17,832 24,398 28,064 9,986 17,083 18,337 21,834 8,716 196,193 84,018 26,712 27, 843 13,479 16,523 31,679 31,662 16, 724 18,352 26,603 22,302 13, 574 33,018 9,976 9,616 26,331 14,706 15, 187 11,837 15,931 19,716 16, 671 12,176 11,280 27,001 32,938 13,906 14,096 12,146 12, 115 15, 134 32,438 14, 194 26,744 16, 193 23,256 10,394 16,688 12,287 24,442 24,805 8,161 22,060 26,742 4,669 23,301 16,620 26,264 14,017 16,126 19,856 17,138 17,281 22,707 11,961 17, 526 12,647 20,466 14,639 12,149 14,111 15,085 28,066 11,706 19,018 48,616 17, 876 21,033 28,236 9,453 15, 469 17,371 18,618 9,119 160,510 60, .500 22,484 28,132 13,501 14, 701 30,184 26,228 15,9.36 18.346 24,121 20,668 11,283 30, 676 9,268 8,600 26,233 14,681 14, 162 10, 134 15,630 20,790 16,850 12,311 9,317 22,108 30,914 10,467 13,080 9,796 6,976 13,237 31, 161 12,636 26,321 16,248 20,339 9,387 16,366 12, 294 24,893 24,216 6,803 13.6 -12.7 -17.9 -2.8 -6.0 -12.4 -6.6 -16.7 7.4 -11.9 6.7 -9.9 4.8 -13.9 -5.2 -17.4 -13.1 2.0 -0.8 39.7 -2.5 4.6 -18.2 21.1 -6.1 -16.1 -2.9 -12.5 -14.9 -14.6 -3.5 -1.8 45.3 6.7 8.4 -5.6 -8.0 5.1 -4.8 -16.0 -7.2 -7.2 -LO -12.8 -0.3 -6.6 13.0 4.9 16.1 -16.1 10.1 23.0 -9.8 -7.2 -5.8 6.7 72.8 0.6 -12.6 6.6 1.3 -1.8 61.4 -1.6 4.5 11.3 -12.4 -10.9 -7.3 10.0 -14.3 5.1 7.1 -13.6 17.6 10.2 2.8 43.9 1.4 8.3 2.2 20.8 1.7 -4.8 1.3 19.1 -0.8 8.3 3.4 4.2 -0.8 6.9 19.1 43.9 9.0 6.1 8.1 8.4 -0.2 10.0 -0.6 6.6 10.4 5.6 17.3 -4.4 21.6 66.4 14.4 -1.0 -0.2 12.4 6.0 20.7 6.0 6.7 7.9 20.3 8.0 7.6 11.8 0.4 0.9 7.2 16.8 1.9 -5.2 -1.7 -1.1 21.1 22.1 6.5 32.9 7.8 24.0 102.8 14.3 4.1 12.3 -2.2 -0.3 14.3 10.7 8.6 -0.1 -1.8 2.4 20.0 ' State total includes population (1) specially enumerated in 1890, not credited to any county. ' Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. 42 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. AREA AND POPULATION OF COUNTIES AND EQUIVALENT SUBDIVISIONS IN THE UNITED STATES: 1910, 1900, AND 1890— Continued. [Per cent not shown where base is less than 100. A minus sign (- ) denotes decrease.] Table 13— Con. T,and aiea in square miles: 1910 POPULATION. PER CENT OP INCBEASE. COUNTY. Land area in square miles: 1910 POPULATION. PEB CENT OF INCBEASE. 1910 1900 1890 1900- 1910 1890- 1900 1910 1900 1890 1900- 1910 1890- 1900 MISSOTJB.I- Con. Kipley 627 636 706 468 487 61 481 754 309 439 419 992 509 815 610 649 655 1,159 839 410 741 776 585 265 677 1146,201 13,099 24,696 16,412 35,738 82,417 687,029 10,607 29,448 9,062 11,869 22,372 11,443 14,864 27,807 11,559 18,698 9,134 21,458 28,827 9,123 13,378 15,181 17,377 8,007 18,315 376,053 13,186 24,474 17,907 24,061 50,040 676,238 10,359 33,703 10,840 13,232 13,092 11,247 16,167 24,669 9,892 20,282 10,127 22,192 31,619 9,919 14,263 16,309 16,640 9,832 17,519 2 243,329 8,612 22,977 16,747 17,347 36,307 461,770 9,883 33,762 11,249 12,674 11,228 8,898 15,642 17,327 7,090 19,000 7,973 19,406 31,505 9,913 13,153 11,927 16, 177 8,738 14,484 3 142,924 -0.7 0.9 -8.3 48.6 64.7 19.4 2.4 -12.6 -16.4 -10.3 70.9 1.7 -8.1 12.7 16.9 -8.3 -9.8 -3.3 -8.8 -8.0 -6.2 -0.8 4.4 -18.6 4.5 S4.5 64.9 6.5 6.9 38.6 37.8 27.3 4.8 -0.2 -3.6 4.4 16.6 26.4 3.4 42.4 39.5 6.7 27.0 14.4 0.4 0.1 8.4 28.4 0.6 12.5 21.0 70.3 MEBRASEA— Con. Dakota* 253 1,402 986 439 472 531 331 927 576 578 975 721 862 1,662 575 464 726 571 528 538 574 722 724 2,393 722 561 678 374 516 1,068 775 958 1,114 853 2,536 573 576 1,674 576 463 1,417 446 389 679 606 431 886 638 577 673 430 720 646 1,004 573 240 756 723 674 2,469 573 2,055 431 678 716 387 570 380 460 578 578 575 109,821 6,564 8,264 16,961 1,786 11,477 22,145 168,646 4,098 14,674 10,303 8,572 12,083 30,325 3,538 3,417 4,933 1,097 8,047 20,361 13,459 9,578 3,011 5,415 15,545 981 10,783 16,852 10,187 9,106 3,692 3,462 1,942 18,358 73,793 15,684 1,521 2,188 2,470 19, 101 10,379 4,584 8,926 13,095 13,019 19,323 10,582 2,570 10,451 10,122 19,006 10,521 11,066 17,448 3,627 17,866 9,274 21,179 8,355 15,895 7,328 8,278 6,699 7,542 14,775 1,191 8,704 9,480 12,738 10,397 12,008 2,292 18,721 81,876 6,286 6,215 12,214 2,630 10,536 22,298 140,690 2,434 16,087 9,455 8,781 12,373 30,051 5,386 9,722 10,129 2,893 8,084 19,260 168,008 4,012 16,022 7,693 8,497 9,840 36,344 4.4 32.8 30.7 -32.1 8.9 -0.7 19.9 68.4 -2.7 9.0 -2.4 -2.3 0.9 16.7 -36.1 St Clair Dawson 20.6 St. Francois Deuel' -9.1 Dixon 30.3 St. Louis city Ste. Genevieve Dodge 15.8 -11.0 Dundy -39.3 FillTTinrft -5.8 Franklin 22.9 3.3 Scott 25.7 Shannon -17.3 Shelby Stoddard Oarfipld 2,127 5,301 763 5,691 17,206 13,330 9,370 2,708 4,409 12,224 432 10,343 16,196 11,197 9,866 1,951 3,076 758 14,343 64,835 11,416 960 1,305 517 16,976 9,265 1,659 4,816 458 4,869 16,513 14,096 8,158 3,953 5,799 13,672 426 9,430 14,850 10,333 9,061 2,566 3,920 959 8,582 76,395 10,441 1,378 1,662 401 13,669 8,768 • 60.6 -6.9 43.8 41.4 18.3 1.0 2.2 11.2 22.8 27.2 127.1 4.3 10.9 -9.0 -7.7 89.2 12.2 166.2 28.0 13.8 37.4 58.4 67.7 377.8 12.5 12.1 28.2 Stone 10.1 Sullivan 66.6 16.9 Texas Hall 4.2 -5.4 Harlan Washington Hayes. . . . -31.5 Hitchcock -24.0 Holt —10.6 Worth Hooker 1.4 Wright Howard... 9.7 2.3 MONTANA .Tnhnsnn 8.4 Kearney 8.9 4,719 1,194 2,438 3,384 15,972 13,166 13,231 749 9,078 6,070 2,513 1,637 1,660 3,465 3,530 4,581 3,766 4,243 2,675 2,559 2,447 9,663 2,859 698 2,918 7,581 13,615 6,729 76,808 6,446 3,491 13,962 28,833 17,191 14,123 12,726 12,988 17,385 18,785 14,079 2,942 5,601 21,853 3,638 7,229 4,190 23,696 10,731 5,904 11,666 7,985 3,713 56,848 4,029 9,546 13,630 22,944 1 1,192,214 6,615 2,641 7,533 25,777 10,966 7,891 2,443 17,393 6,937 9,375 9,553 4,328 5,330 19, 171 4,655 14.8 32.2 85.3 11.9 56.8 79.0 420.9 -26.3 150.6 100.4 47.4 -32.0 5.1 14.0 20.6 "■i94.'4 6 103. 6 S21.3 18.8 14.8 97.4 62.9 '"-ii.'s 0.1 Keith -23.7 Broadwater* -21.5 Carbon* -21.0 Cascade^ 8,765 4,741 6,308 2,056 16,165 3,514 67.1 Chouteau* -15.1 9.3 Custer * Dawson* -30.3 Deer Lodge* -21.5 28.9 Plathead* 24.2 6,246 Merrick 5.7 Gallatin 6,026 19,146 Nance 8,222 14,962 12,414 22,288 11,770 1,702 10,772 8,446 17,747 10,542 9,604 19,614 2,809 18,262 9,080 22,085 2,552 15,690 6,033 6,650 2,055 6,959 14,326 628 6,517 7,339 13,086 9,862 11,619 1,362 18,205 42,335 5,773 12,930 11,417 25,403 10,340 4,364 9,869 4,864 15,437 10,817 8,837 17,574 , 3,083 20,097 6,875 21,677 1,888 16,140 8,687 6,399 2,452 4,619 12,738 617 3,176 7,092 11,869 6,169 11,210 1,683 17,279 8 47,368 8.6 -12.4 4.9 -13.3 -10.1 51.0 -3.0 19.9 7.1 -0.2 16.1 -11.0 29.1 -2.1 2.1 -4.1 227.4 1.3 21.5 26.4 172.5 8.4 3.1 89.6 33.6 29.2 -2.7 6.4 3.3 68.3 2.8 93.4 42.4 Nemaha 15.6 Nuckolls 8.7 7,695 2,526 13,964 7,341 4,692 4,749 14,427 6,881 -6.1 66.9 69.0 46.2 64.0 -46.8 6-18.0 6.7 Otoe —12.3 Madison 13.8 Perkins -61.0 Park* Phelps , Pierce 9.1 Powell* 73.6 7,822 49.1 Platte Ravalli * Polk Rosebud * —2.5 Sanders* Redwlllow 47,635 3,086 6,080 4,356 6,212 1,066,300 23,744 19.3 30.6 87.9 213.0 269.3 11.8 100.6 ""ms 0.3 11.6 Bock -8.9 Sweet Grass* Saline -9.2 Teton * Yellowstone* 2,065 « 1,062,856 Saunders 2.4 35.2 Seward -2.8 -30.6 Sherman Adams 665 872 742 711 692 1,076 535 1,235 945 475 583 538 736 899 5,979 1,194 579 405 577 2,588 20,900 14,003 1,444 1,672 13,146 6,131 8,826 6,083 21,907 12,726 16,403 19,786 16,191 3,613 10,414 4,551 15,729 11,610 13,782 25,668 18,840 11,344 1,114 603 11,689 6,572 7,332 3,470 20,264 13,040 15,703 21,330 12,467 2,659 6,541 6,670 15,735 11,211 14,584 19,768 24,303 10,399 2,435 1,146 8,683 5,494 695 4,359 22,162 11,069 15,464 24,080 7,028 4,807 6,428 5,693 16,310 10,453 12,265 21,677 10.9 23.4 29.6 177.3 12.6 10.0 20.4 75.3 8.2 -2.4 -1.9 -7.2 21.8 41.2 59.2 -18.3 ^l6 -6.5 29.9 -22.5 9.1 -54.3 -47.4 34.6 1.4 956.0 -20.4 -8.6 17.8 1.6 -11.4 77.4 -46.8 1.8 -2.2 -3.6 7.3 18.9 -8.9 Sioux -16.2 Stanton 50.7 5^j__ Thayer 21 5 Thurston 106.2 Boyd* VaDey 3.5 Washington 69.9 Webster 3.6 Butler Wheeler -19.1 York 5.4 Cedar NEVADA Churchill Chase Cherry -10.6 5,050 8,045 733 17,059 7,432 2,811 3,321 1,895 8,133 9,369 830 703 238.7 18.1 Clay Clark' 1,534 5,688 1,972 1,651 4,794 2,148 23.6 43.0 376.1 -1.1 Elko '9.5 Custer Esmeralda 5-26.4 ■ Includes land area (181 square miles) of that part of Yellowstone National Park In Montana. No population reported. 3 State total includes population (2,660) of Crow Indian Reservation, not re- turned by counties in 1900; returned in 1910 m Rosebud and Yellowstone Counties. ' State total includes population (10,766) of Indian reservations specially enu- merated in 1890, not distributed by counties. ' For changes in boundaries, etc., of counties, see page 53. 6 See headnote to table, page 32. » State total Includes population (3,746) of Indian reservations specially enu- merated in 1890, not distributed by counties; also population (91) of Arthur County, annexed to McPherson County t>etween 1890 and 1900. ' A decrease of less than one-tenth of 1 per'cent. 8 State total Includes population (1,594) of Indian reservations specially enu- merated In 1890, not distributed by counties. POPULATION OF COUNTIES. 43 AREA AND POPULATION OF COUNTIES AND EQUIVALENT SUBDIVISIONS IN THE UNITED STATES: 1910, 1900, AND 1890— Continued. [Per cent not shown where base Is less than 100. A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease.] Table 13— Con. COUNTY. NEVADA- Con. Eureka Humboldt Lander Lincoln ' Lyon Nye Ormsby Storey Washoe White Pine IT. HAUPSHniE Belknap . Carroll... Cheshire. Coos Grafton. . Hillsborough- Merrimack Bockingham.. Strafford Sullivan NEW JERSEY. Atlantic Bergen Burlington' . Camden Cape May Cumberland.. Essex Gloucester... Hudson Hunterdon.. Mercer , Middlesex... Monmouth. . Morris... Ocean 1 . Passaic.. Salem. . . Somerset. . Sussex Union Warren . . HEW MEXICO.. Bernalillo 1 . Chaves' Collax' Curry 1 Dona Ana > . Eddyi Grant! Guadalupe < Lincoln' ... Luna' McKlnley' Mora' Otero' .... Quay! Elo Arriba' . Eoosevelt' .. San Juan' ... San Miguel ' . Sandoval' ... Santa Fe' ... Siena Socorro' Taos Torrance ' . . . Union' Valencia' ... Land area in square iniles: 1910 4,157 1.5,857 5,721 10,511 1,509 18,294 166 251 6,251 8,795 9,031 397 955 728 1,798 1,729 932 691 379 527 7,614 569 237 815 222 265 500 127 332 43 437 226 312 479 476 637 196 343 305 529 103 362 12S,S03 1,214 9,408 3,798 1,406 3,821 6,923 7,428 3,987 4,779 2,976 5,506 2,571 6,689 2,905 5,871 2,265 6,476 4,798 3,871 1,973 3,118 15,070 2,252 3,369 i 6,370 5,659 POPTJLATION. 1910 1,830 6,825 1,786 3,489 3,568 7,613 3,415 3,045 17, 434 7,441 430,672 21,309 16,316 30,659 30,753 41,652 126,072 63,335 62,188 38,951 19, 337 3,637,167 71,894 138,002 66,665 142,029 19,745 55,153 512,886 37,368 537,231 33,569 125,657 114,426 94,734 74,704 21,318 216,902 26,999 33,820 26,781 140, 197 43, 187 327,301 23, 606 16,850 16, 460 11,443 12,893 12,400 14,813 10,927 7,822 3,913 12,963 12,611 7,069 14,912 16,624 12,064 8,504 22,930 8,579 14,770 3,636 14,761 12,008 10,119 11,404 13,320 1900 1,954 4,463 1,534 3,284 2,268 1,140 2,893 3,673 9,141 1,961 4U,S88 19,526 16,895 31,321 29,468 40,844 112, 640 52, 430 51, 118 39,337 18,009 1,883,669 46,402 78,441 58,241 107,643 13,201 51,193 359,053 31,905 386,048 34,507 95,365 79,762 82,057 65, 166 19,747 165,202 26,530 32,948 24,134 99,353 37,781 1890 3,275 3,434 2,266 2,466 1,987 1,290 4,883 8,806 6,437 1,721 376,630 20,321 18,124 29,579 23,211 37,217 93, 247 49, 435 49, 650 38,442 17,304 1,444,9 28,836 47,226 58,528 87,687 11,268 46,438 266,098 28,649 276,126 35,365 79,978 61,764 69,128 64,101 16,974 106,046 26, 151 28,311 22,259 72,467 36,553 196,310 neo, 28, 630 4,773 10, 150 10, 187 3,229 12,883 6,429 4,963 10,304 4,791 13, 777 4,828 22,053 14,658 3,158 12,195 10,889 4,628 13,895 7,974 '9,'i9i' 9,657 10, 618 11,534 1,890 24,204 13,562 3,630 9,595 9,868 13,876 PEE CENT OF INCREASE. 1900- 1910 52.9 16.4 6.2 57.3 559.0 18.0 -17.1 90.7 279.4 4.6 9.1 -3.4 -2.1 4.4 2.0 11.9 1.7 2.1 -1.0 7.4 34.7 64.9 75.9 14.3 31.9 49.6 7.7 42.8 17.1 39.2 -2.7 31.8 43.5 16.4 14.7 8.0 39.1 6.8 17.8 11.0 41.1 14.3 -17.6 253.0 62.2 26.6 284.0 15.0 101.3 57.9 22.4 47.6 20.7 76.1 4.0 0.8 12.0 21.0 151.9 -4.1 1890- 1900 -40.3 30.0 -32.3 2 27.6 14.1 -11.6 -40.8 -68.3 23L1 13.9 9.3 -3.9 -6.8 5.9 27.0 9.7 20.8 6.1 3.0 2.3 4.1 30.4 60.9 66.1 -0.5 22.8 17.2 12.7 40.2 11.4 40.3 -2.4 19.2 29.2 18.7 20.4 23.6 47.7 1.6 16.4 8.4 37.1 3.4 21.9 2 33.4 27.3 io.'s -30.1 2 63 -8.9 8.1 -13.0 27.1 0.1 ' For changes in boundaries, etc., of counties, see page 53. 2 See headnote to table, page 32. " State total includes poptuation (6,689) of Indian reservations specially enu- merated in 1890, not distributed by counties. NEW YORK . Albany Allegany Broome Cattaraugus. . Cayuga Chautauqua.. Chemung Chenango Clinton Columbia Cortland. . Delaware.. Dutchess.. Erie Essex Franklin- . Fulton Genesee. . . Greene Hamilton. Herkimer.. Jefferson Kings Lewis Livingston. Madison Monroe Montgomery. Nassau' New York ' . . Niagara Oneida Onondaga.. Ontario Orange Orleans.. Oswego. . Otsego... Putnam. Queens' Rensselaer Richmond Rockland St. Lawrence.. Saratoga Schenectady. Schoharie Schuyler Seneca Steuben. . Suffolk... Sullivan. Tioga Toinpkins Ulster Warren Washington.. Wayne Westchester' . Wyoming Yates N. CAROLINA. Alamance.. Alexander. Alleghany.. Anson Ashe Land area in square iniles: 1910 47,664 527 1,047 705 1,343 703 1,069 407 894 1,049 644 603 1,449 806 1,034 1,836 1,678 616 496 643 1,700 1,459 1,274 70 1,270 631 650 663 522 1,250 781 649 834 396 966 1,009 233 105 183 2,701 823 206 642 336 336 1,401 924 1.002 520 476 1,140 879 837 699 448 601 343 48,740 234 656 427 840 703 1,004 790 639 POPULATION. 1910 9,113,614 173, 666 41, 412 78,809 65,919 67,106 106,126 54,662 35,575 48,230 43,658 29,249 45,676 87,661 528,985 33,458 45,717 44,634 37,616 30,214 4,373 56,356 80,382 1,634,361 24,849 38,037 39,289 283,212 57,567 83,930 2,762,522 92,036 154,157 200,298 62,286 116,001 32,000 71,664 47,216 14,665 284,041 122,276 85,969 46,873 89,005 61,917 88,235 23,855 14,004 26,972 83,362 98,138 33,808 25,624 33,647 91,769 32,223 47,778 50,179 283,055 31,880 18,642 2,206,287 1900 7,268,894 28,712 11,692 7,745 25,465 19,074 30,877 23,039 18,006 14,432 49,798 165,571 41,501 69, 149 65,643 66,234 88,314 54, 063 36,568 47,430 43,211 27,676 46,413 81,670 433,686 30,707 42,853 42,842 34,661 31,478 61,049 76,748 1,166,582 27,427 37,069 40,546 217,854 47,488 55,448 2,050,600 74,961 132,800 168,736 49,605 103,859 30,164 70,881 48,939 13,787 152,999 121,697 67,021 38,298 89,083 61,089 46,852 26,854 15,811 28,114 82,822 77,682 32,306 27,951 33,830 88,422 29,943 45,624 184,267 30,413 20,318 1,893,810 1890 <6,003,174 Beaufort Bertie Bladen Brunswick Buncombe 1 State total includes population (6,321) of Indian reservations specially enu- merated in 1890, not distributed by counties. 8 State total includes population (2) specially enumerated in 1890 not credited to any county. 25,665 10,960 7,769 21,870 19,581 26,404 20,538 17,677 12,657 44,288 164,555 43,240 62,973 60,866 65,302 76,202 48,266 37, 776 46,437 46, 172 28,667 46,496 77,879 322,981 33,052 38,110 37,650 33,265 31,598 4,762 45,608 68,806 838,547 29,806 37,801 42,892 189,586 45,699 PEE CENT OF INCEEASE. 1900- 1910 28.4 1,515,301 62,491 122,922 146,247 48,463 97,869 30,803 71,883 60,861 14,849 128,059 124, 511 51,693 35,162 85,048 67,663 29,797 29,164 16,711 28,227 81,473 62,491 31,031 29,935 32,923 87,062 27,866 46,690 49,729 146,772 31,193 21,001 ^,617,949 18,271 9,430 6,623 20,027 15,628 21,072 19,176 16,763 10,900 35,266 4.9 -0.2 14.0 0.4 1.3 19.0 1.1 -2.7 1.7 1.0 6.1 -1.8 7.3 22.0 9.0 6.7 3.9 8.8 -4.0 -1L6 10.4 4.7 40.1 -9.4 2.6 -3.1 30.0 21.2 6L4 34.7 22.8 16.1 18.7 5.4 11.7 6.1 1.1 -3.6 6.4 85.6 0.5 28.3 22.4 -0.1 1.4 88.3 -11.2 -n.4 -4.1 0.7 23.9 4.6 -0.5 3.8 7.6 4.7 3.1 53.6 4.8 -8.2 16.5 11.9 5.8 -0.2 16.4 -2.6 16.9 12.2 1.9 14.0 12.4 1890- 1900 21.1 0.6 -4.0 9.8 24.6 1.4 2 17.4 12.0 -3.2 2.1 -6.4 -3.8 2.0 4.9 2 33.9 -7.1 2 9.2 13.8 22.9 -0.4 3.9 11.9 11.5 39.1 -8.0 -2.0 -5.6 14.9 3.9 35.3 219.4 8.0 2 15.0 2.4 6.1 -2.1 -1.4 -3.8 -7.2 19.5 -2.3 29.7 8.9 4.7 5.9 57.2 -7.9 -5.4 -0.4 1.7 24.1 4.1 -6.6 2.8 L6 7.5 -0.1 -2.1 25.5 -2.5 -3.3 17.1 40.5 16.2 18.9 9.2 25.3 25.3 7.1 5.5 16.1 26.6 44 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. AREA AND POPULATION OP COUNTIES AND EQUIVALENT SUBDIVISIONS IN THE UNITED STATES: 1910, 1900, AND 1890— Continued. [Per cent not shown where base is less than 100. A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease.] Table 13— Con. COUNTY. Land areata square miles: 1910 POPULATION. PEB CENT or INCEEASE. COUNTY. Land area in square miles: 1910 POPULATION. PEB CENT OP INCEEASE. 1910 1900 1890 1900- 1910 1890- 1900 1910 1900 1890 1900- 1910 1890- 1900 N. CAROiaWA— Con. Burke 634 390 612 220 573 402 408 696 454 165 220 488 933 660 1,013 292 377 669 258 783 291 509 376 468 371 369 298 603 252 691 676 695 546 368 341 617 588 494 694 417 261 397 299 443 513 436 438 697 371 498 639 686 216 604 743 390 360 223 816 262 391 627 261 803 621 1,061 579 489 644 922 21,408 26,240 20,679 5,640 13,776 14,858 27,918 22,636 14,136 11,303 3,909 29,494 28,020 26,594 36,284 7,693 4,841 29,404 13,394 26,442 35,276 32,010 47,311 24,692 37,063 10,455 4,749 25,102 13,083 60,497 37,646 22,174 21,020 16,262 15,436 8,840 34,315 12,998 41,401 8,721 11,376 22,769 17,132 13,638 12,191 20,132 17,797 67,031 17,246 14,967 17,010 33,727 32,037 22,323 14,125 15,064 9,966 16,693 15.471 11,064 17,356 36,340 7,640 29,491 19,673 51,946 36,442 37.621 28,385 29,982 17,699 22,466 16,694 6,474 11,811 15,028 22,133 23,912 11,860 10,258 4,532 26,078 21,274 24,160 29,249 6,629 4,757 23,403 12,116 22,406 26,233 26,691 36,261 26, 116 27,903 10,413 4,343 23,263 12,038 39,074 30,793 16,988 16,222 14,104 14,294 9,278 29,064 11,853 32,250 8,226 14,939 18,142 12,298 5,667 10,825 16,028 18,689 25,413 9,976 9,167 4,197 20,394 17,856 20,533 27,321 6,747 3,768 21,702 11,621 18,690 18,041 24,113 28,434 21,090 17,764 10,252 3,313 24,484 10,039 28,052 28,908 13,700 13,346 12,689 13,861 8,903 25,462 9,512 27,239 7,403 21.0 16.9 31.1 3.0 16.6 -1.1 26.1 -5.3 19.2 10.2 -13.7 17.6 31.7 6.9 20.6 17.8 1.8 26.6 10.6 13.6 34.5 20.4 34.2 -1.7 32.8 0.4 9.3 7.9 8.7 64.8 22.3 38.7 29.6 16.3 8.0 -4.7 18.1 9.7 28.4 6.0 18.6 23.8 27.6 -3.4 9.1 -6.2 18.4 -6.9 18.9 11.9 8.0 23.0 19.1 17.7 7.1 -3.2 26.2 7.8 4.3 19.9 45.4 10.3 24.0 19.1 67.1 1.6 31.1 -5.0 19.9 39.3 6.5 16.7 21,5 12.0 3.2 4.2 14,1 24.6 18.4 11.1 N. CAEOLINA— Con. 349 416 480 520 553 379 390 566 279 845 425 327 342 615 735 384 324 298 70,183 15,-363 19,909 20.151 29,705 10,403 7,191 6,319 33,277 19, 425 63,229 20,266 11,062 13,566 36,698 30,282 28,269 15,428 12,072 677,056 12,563 15,220 19,866 25,. 515 8,401 6,620 4,980 27, 166 16,684 64,626 19,161 10,608 13,417 31,356 26,872 23,696 14,083 11,464 319,116 22.4 30.8 1.4 16.4 23.8 86 4.8 22.5 16.4 16.7 6.8 43 1.0 13.8 12.7 19.8 9.6 6.3 80.8 Cabarrus Stanly 12,136 17,199 19,281 6, .577 5,881 4,225 21,269 17,581 49,207 19,360 10,200 10,611 26,100 22,676 18,644 13,790 9,490 2190,983 25.4 CaldweU 15.5 CaiTKien , , ^3 Carteret. . . : 27.7 Caswell Transylvania 126 Catawba 17.9 Chatham • 27.7 Cherokee —6.1 Chowan Wake 11.0 Clay -1.1 Cleveland 40 Columbus 26.4 20.1 Cumberland Wilkes 18.5 Currituck Wilson 26.6 Dare Yadkin 2.1 Davidson 20.8 Davie N. DAKOTA.... 67.1 997 1,610 1,364 3,404 1,681 1,164 1,113 1,651 1,763 1,494 1,142 1,270 2,084 651 1,663 644 1,433 717 1,132 1,386 1,147 997 1,888 1,003 2,847 2,306 1,110 4,742 1,914 981 720 1,117 1,055 1,205 860 899 1,437 918 865 996 1,356 717 2,282 1,037 866 1,282 2,064 1,293 2,138 6,407 18,066 12,681 10,186 17,295 4,668 9,064 13,087 33,936 15,659 9,839 6,016 6,302 4,800 9,796 5,313 27,888 6,274 6,567 6,962 10,724 6,168 17,627 7,261 6,720 14,496 4,747 26,289 8,491 10,140 3,577 14,749 9,740 16,199 10,345 7,840 19,669 9,558 9,202 8,103 12,504 7,616 18,189 8,963 12,545 19, 491 25,281 11,814 14,234 Barnes 13,159 8,320 975 7,632 7,045 2,460 170 2,893 6 37.3 52.4 944.7 129.6 86.8 3186.7 Gaston Billingsi 473.5 Bottineau 1.. . . 160.4 Gates 6,081 28,625 12,580 6,061 ' 4,247 19,613 6,471 5,673 116.2 18.6 24.5 62.3 43.2 Guilford Cass 46.9 Cavalier... 94.4 Halifax Dickey 8.S Divide!. 169 1,377 1,971 1,210 18,357 2,817 Hertford Eddy 3,330 4,349 3,770 24,459 4,744 44.1 126.2 40.9 14.0 32.3 141.8 KTTTmnns 120.6 Foster Iredell 211.6 Jackson Grand Forks 33.2 68.4 Kidder.. . . 1,754 6,048 1,625 5,263 4,818 1,211 3,187 697 1,684 3,248 3 860 428 65,239 239.9 77.3 279.6 235.6 60.5 44.8 Leei Damoure 18,639 16,498 12,567 12,104 20,644 16,383 55,268 .15,221 14,197 23,622 25,478 25,785 21,160 11,940 14,690 8,046 33,660 13,381 10,091 16,68.') .30,889 7,004 28,232 16,866 40,371 33,163 .31,066 25,101 26,380 14,879 12,686 10,939 10,102 17,805 16,221 42,673 12,807 11,239 20,479 20,707 24,026 21,242 10,303 14,948 7,146 10,748 12,. 514 9,293 15,151 26,619 5,902 25,195 23,948 31,483 26,363 24,123 18,770 26,096 22.2 10.5 7.7 0.7 -2.5 15.7 21.3 13.3 5.4 -28.0 32.4 24.2 6.6 18.3 2.6 23.9 22.2 16 6 9.6 4.0 17.6 9.1 45 24.1 2&7 9.9 20.8 13.1 13.7 25.3 23.1 14.9 19.8 16.9 1.1 29.6 18.8 26.3 16.3 23.0 7.3 -0.4 15.9 -1.7 12.6 27.1 6.9 &6 10.1 21.0 18 7 12.1 -33.8 28.2 30.8 28.8 3.3.7 5.1 89.8 172.2 MeHenry i 231.6 Mcintosh 48.3 4,791 1,778 no, 277 202.6 167.0 146.1 Martin '341.6 Mecklenburg Mitohell Mercer i . 8306.1 Morton "64.0 Montgomery Nelson . . 7,316 990 17,869 4,765 9,198 6,919 4,293 464 14,334 905 4,418 5,393 38.6 261.3 -17.5 104.4 65.2 49.5 70.4 Moore». ..,.. Oliver Nash 113.4 New Hanover Northampton 24.7 Piercei 426.5 Ramsey 108.2 28.3 Renville ^ 17,387 7,995 6,039 i6,75i 2,427 5,076 13.1 19.6 52.4 61.7 Rolette 8130:8 Sargent 19.0 Person. . Stark' 7,621 6,888 9,143 6,491 13,107 20,288 7,961 8,310 1,630 2,304 3,777 6,266 1,450 10,217 16,687 1,681 1,212 64.1 29.3 98.9 38.1 -4.3 -3.9 217.6 42.2 830.3 Pitt 230.8 Polk Steele 55.9 73.6 Towner 347.7 Traill 28.3 Walsh EooMnghara 22.3 Ward' 373.6 Wells 585.6 Sampson Williamsi 1 For changes in houndaries, etc., of counties, see page 53. 2 State total includes population (8,264) of Indian reservations specially enu- Uierated in 1890, not distributed by counties; population (876) of Buford and Flan- nery Counties, taken to form part of Williams County between 1890 and 1900; and population (563) of Church, Garfield, Stevens, and Wallace Counties, and old Het- tinger, MountralUe, Renville, Sheridan, and Williams Counties, annexed to Botti- neau, McLean, McHenry, Pierce, Ward, Stark, and Mercer Counties between 1890 and 1900. ' See headnote to table, page 32. < Includes population (2,208) of part of Standing Rock Indian Reservation, not returned by counties in 1900. ' Includes population (511) of Fort Yates and Standing Rock Indian Agency. POPULATION OF COUNTIES. 45 AREA AND POPULATION OF COUNTIES AND EQUIVALENT SUBDIVISIONS IN THE UNITED STATES: 1910, 1900, AND 1890— Continued. > [Per cent not shown where base is less than 100. A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease.] ■Table 13— Con. COUKTY. Land area in square miles; 1910 POPULATION. PEE CENT OF INCEEA3E. COUNTY. Land area in square miles; 1910 POPULATION. PEK CENT OF INCKEASE. 1910 1900 1890 1900- 1910 1890- 1900 1910 1900 1890 1900- 1910 1890- 1900 OHIO 40,740 4,767,121 4,1S7,S46 13,672,329 14.7 13.2 OHIO— Con. 669 451 497 342 497 427 409 435 412 460 408 448 455 402 403 664 399 270 413 399 490 428 521 416 482 503 668 413 623 560 413 566 408 633 555 446 406 412 413 630 657 411 612 403 55,590 30,084 76,037 192,728 19,902 116,151 33,971 23,598 25,594 27,636 45,047 24,244 163,763 16,097 16,815 57,488 18,601 22,360 22,730 36,396 26,158 16,723 30,307 23,834 29,972 47,667 40,069 35,171 48,463 42,421 24,663 122,987 108,253 52,766 57,035 21,871 29,119 13,096 24,497 45,422 38,058 25,198 46,330 20,760 47,070 30,420 54,857 153,559 20,590 70,134 28,678 21,958 28,620 28,021 43,105 27,031 130, 146 17,905 17,879 53,185 19,466 22,213 27,528 31,841 27,016 18,172 29,246 23,713 32,526 44,289 40,940 34,311 40,981 41,163 24,625 94,747 71,715 46,591 53,751 22,342 30,394 15,330 25,584 48,245 37,870 24,953 51,556 21,126 43,279 27,386 40,295 102,296 20,057 56,979 24,727 21,742 29,813 27,220 39,754 25,175 100,852 19,143 18,120 51,210 20,753 21,974 25,932 31,151 26,959 17,482 27,868 23,421 30,188 38,072 39,454 30,617 35,377 40,869 24,707 84,170 54,089 42,373 46,618 22,860 29,671 16,045 25,468 42,380 39,005 24,897 44,392 21,722 18.1 -1.1 38.6 25.5 -3.3 66.6 18.6 7.5 -10.6 -L7 4.5 -10.3 25.8 -10.1 -6.0 8.1 -4.4 0.7 -17.4 11.2 -3.2 -13.5 3.6 0.6 -7.8 7.6 -2.1 2,5 18.3 3.1 0.2 29.8 60.9 13.3 6.1 -2.1 -4.2 -14.6 -4.2 -6.9 0.5 1.0 -10.1 -1.7 Adams 546 406 421 723 487 397 630 481 452 387 421 407 465 411 534 558 409 463 586 405 446 256 495 413 517 405 449 416 415 518 407 535 473 401 414 549 411 418 494 404 407 613 241 443 24,755 66,580 22,975 59,547 47,798 31,246 76,856 24,832 70,271 15,761 26,351 66,435 29,551 23,680 76,619 30,121 34,036 637,426 42,933 24,498 27,182 38,327 39,201 21,744 221,567 23,914 25,746 14,670 29,733 42,716 460,732 37,860 30,407 19,076 25,119 28,711 23,650 17,909 34,206 30,791 65,423 30,181 22 927 26,328 47,976 21,184 51,448 38,730 31,192 60,875 28,237 56,870 16,811 26,642 58,939 31,610 24,202 68,690 29,337 33,916 439,120 42,532 26,387 26,401 37,650 34,269 21,726 164,460 22,801 27,918 14,744 31,613 34,425 409,479 41,993 31,187 20,486 27,282 30,982 24,398 19,511 32,330 34,248 44,367 27,768 21,680 39,534 26,093 40,644 22,223 43,655 35,194 28,100 57,413 29,899 48,597 17,566 26,980 52,277 33,553 24,240 59,029 26,705 31,927 309,970 42,961 25,769 27,189 35,462 33,939 22,309 124,087 22,023 27,005 13,489 29,820 28,645 374,573 42,663 28,939 20,830 25,080 29,048 22.658 21,139 31,949 28,408 39,415 27,600 18,235 39,556 -6.0 17.9 8.5 16.7 23.4 0.2 26.3 -12.1 23,6 -6.2 -1.1 12,7 -6.5 -2.2 n.7 2,7 4 45.2 0.9 -7.2 3,0 1.8 14.4 0.1 34.7 4.9 -7.8 -0 5 -5.9 24.1 12.6 -9.8 -2.6 -6.9 -7.9 -7.3 -3.1 -8.2 6.8 -10.1 47.5 8.7 5.8 -0.1 0.9 18.0 -4.7 17.9 10.0 11.0 6.0 -5.6 17.0 -4.3 ■ -1.3 12.7 -5.8 -0 2 16.2 9.9 6.2 41.7 -1.0 2.4 -2,9 6.2 0.9 -2.6 32.6 3.5 3.4 9.3 6.0 20.2 9.3 -1.3 7.8 -1.7 8.8 6.7 7.7 -7.7 1.2 20.6 12.5 0.6 18.9 -0.1 8.8 Allen 11.1 Ashland . 36.1 Ashtabula 60.1 AtheHiS. 2.7 Auglaize 25.3 Belmont Marion 16.0 Brown 1 Butler Meigs —4.0 Carroll 2.9 ■Champaign Min-Tni 8.4 Clark... r 7.4 'Clermont Montgomery 29 Clinton —6.5 ■Columbiana. . Morrow -1.3 ■Coshocton 3.9 •Crawford Noble —6.2 ■Cuyahoga 1.1 Darke 6.2 Defiance Perry 2.2 Delaware Pickaway 0.2 Erie Pike 3.9 Fairfield 4.9 Fayette 1.2 Franklin Putnam 1 7.7 JFulton Richland t 16.3 •Gallia Ross 3.8 12.1 ■Greene Scioto. . 15.8 0.7 -Hamilton Shelby... -0.3 Hancock Stark... 12.6 Hardin 32,6 Trumbull. 10.0 Henry Tuscarawas 15.3 Highland —2.3 TTop.ViTig. , Van "Wert.. 2.4 TT(>Ittip,s Vinton —4.6 0.5 -Jackson . Washington 13.8 -2.9 K-DOX . Williams 0.2 Lake Wood 16.1 1 39,488 Wyandot —2.7 Land areair squar< miles 1910 POPULA^nON. PER C INCI ENT or I EASE. COUNTY. Land areah squar miles 1910 POPULATION. 1 PEE CENT OF INCEEASE. 1910 1907 1900 1890 1907- 1910 1900- 1910 1910 1907 1900 1890 1907- 1910 190fr- 1910 OKLAHOMA. 69,414 584 867 997 1,813 917 931 928 1,377 891 831 791 790 1,849 554 525 1,726 757 962 998 794 989 1,657,159 21,414,177 '790,391 •268,657 17.2 109.7 OKLAHOMA —Con. Grants Greers 994 644 548 1,033 615 855 778 767 658 934 890 1,179 736 1,614 959 739 496 562 1,897 661 937 419 676 424 814 18,760 16,449 11,328 8,189 18,875 24,040 23,737 17,430 16,734 26,999 18,826 27, 526 11,321 29,127 34,779 31,740 10,236 15,659 20,681 20,961 15,248 11,619 13,596 12,744 52,743 17,638 23,624 17,273 17,922 6.4 -30.4 Adairo 10,535 18,138 13,808 13,631 19,699 17,900 29,854 36,686 23,501 25,358 16,778 21,862 4,553 18,843 15,817 41, 489 17,404 26,223 23,231 11,469 14,132 9,115 16,070 12,113 13,364 17,768 17,227 27,865 30,241 20,110 26,402 14,274 17,340 5,927 18,460 15,585 31,738 14,955 18,365 18,478 9,876 13,329 13,978 28,300 22,787 23,420 . 15.6 12.9 . 14.0 2.0 10.9 4.3 7.1 18.0 16.9 -4.0 17.5 26.1 -23.2 2.1 1.5 30.7 16.4 42.8 25.7 16.1 6.0 10.0 16.8 16.5 29.4 "'346."8 68.5 '"47.'i is. 6 ""89.'4 60.2 "'49.'7 8.6 Alfalfas 5,338 -8.2 Harmon' Harper' Haskell' Hughes' Jackson' JeiFerson' Johnston' Kay' 3, 051 2,674 8,089 16,865 19,945 17,087 13,439 18,672 24,757 18,010 22,247 9,340 24,678 37,293 30,711 11,134 12,888 13, 198 17,975 14,307 13,144 11,064 11,948 37,467 1.2 11.9 20.5 38.9 29.7 -10.4 9.1 4.5 23.7 21.2 18.0 -6.7 3.4 -8.1 21-5 56.7 16.6 6,6 -n.6 22,9 6,7 40 8 Blaine 5 10,658 Bryans 15,981 7,158 22,630 18,501 19.8 Kingfisher Kiowa' Latimer ' Le Flore' Lincoln' Logan 8,332 L8 16,388 6,606 27,007 26,563 28.8 12,770 19.5 Love' ■Cre^s McClain' McCurtain'... Mcintosh' Major' Marshall' Mayes' Murray' Muskogee' 12,264 Delaware' Deweys Ellis^ 8,819 Garfield' Garvin* •Gradys 1,061 33,050 821 26,545 1.024 30,309 22,076 ' state total includes population (13) specially enumerated in 1890, not distrib- mted by counties. » Special census of Oklahoma and Indian Territory, taken as of July 1, 1907, by order of the President. ' State total includes population (13,873) of Kaw, Kiowa, Comanche and Apache, Osage, and Wichita Indian Reservations; population (2,173) of Day <}auaty, part taken to form part of Ellis County in 1907 and part annexed to Roger Mills County since 1900; and population (392,060) of Indian Territory, not returned by counties in 1900. ' State total includes .population (16,641) of that part of Oklahoma, and popu- lation (180,182) of Indian Territory, specially enumerated in 1890, not distributed by counties. ' For changes in boundaries, etc., of counties, see page 53. 46 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. AREA AND POPULATION OF COUNTIES AND EQUIVALENT SUBDIVISIONS IN THE UNITED STATES: 1910, 1900, AND 1890— Continued. [Per cent not shown where base is less than 100. A minus sign (—) deuotesdecrease.il Table 13— Con. OKLAHOUA— Con. Noblei Nowatai Okfuskee 1 Oklahoma Okmulgee' — Osage' Ottawa' Pawnee' Payne' Pittsburg' Pontotoc' Pottawatomie' Pushmataha ' . Land area in square miles: 1910 734 686 623 717 679 2,277 477 584 678 1,370 728 793 1,430 POPULATION. 1910 14,945 14,228 19, 905 85,232 21, 115 20, 101 15, 713 17,332 23,735 47,660 24,331 43,595 10, 118 1907 14, 198 10, 453 15,696 56,849 14,362 15,332 12,827 17,112 22,022 37,677 23,057 43,272 8,295 1900 14,016 25, 915 12,366 20,909 26,412 1890 11,742 7,216 PER CENT OP INCEEASE. 1907- 1900- 1910 1910 5.3 6.6 36.1 28.2 52.6 228.9 47.0 31.1 22.5 1.3 40.2 7.8 13.5 26.5 5.6 0.7 65.1 22.0 OKLAHOMA— Con. Roger Mills' ... Rogers' Seminole' Sequoyah' , Stephens' Texas' Tillman' Tulsa' Wagoner' Washington' ... Washita' Woods' Woodwara ' Land area in square mUes: 1910 1,135 730 633 693 897 2,065 733 665 546 425 1,006 1,255 1,233 POPULATION. 1910 12,861 17,736 19,964 25,005 22,252 14,249 18,650 34,995 22,086 17,484 25,034 17,567 16, 692 1907 13,239 15,486 14,687 22,499 20,148 16,448 12,869 21,693 19,629 12,813 22,007 15, 517 14, 595 1900 6,190 15,001 34,976 7,469 1890 PER CENT OB' INCEEASE. 1907- 1910 -2.9 14.5 35.9 11.1 10.4 -13.4 44.9 61.3 13.1 36.6 13.8 13.2 13.7 1900- 1910 6a9 -49.8 122.1 OBEGON. Baker' Benton' C^kamas.. Clatsop mbla.^. CoIumD Coos Crook'... Curry Douglas. . Gilliam'. Grant' Harney Hood River'. Jackson Josephine Elamath. Lake Lane Lincoln'. Linn , Malheur Marion Morrow Multnomah. Polk Sherman'... Tillamook'., Umatilla Union' Wallowa'... Wasco' Washington.. Wheeler' Yamhill PENNSYLVANIA. Adams Allegheny.. Armstrong. Beaver Bedford. . . . Blair Bradford. Bucks Butler... Cambria., Cameron. Carbon.. . Center... Chester... Land area in square miles: 1910 95,607 3,060 688 1,864 821 662 1,628 7,778 1,498 4,922 1,201 4,520 9,933 543 2,836 1,751 5,999 7,920 4,612 1,008 2,243 9,883 1,194 2,025 461 709 1,125 3,173 2,087 3,145 2,343 731 1,704 714 44,832 628 725 653 429 1,026 634 1,145 608 790 717 392 406 1,146 777 POPULATION. 1910 072,766 18,076 10,663 29,931 16,106 10,580 17,959 9,315 2,044 19,674 3,701 6,607 4,059 8,016 25,756 9,667 8,654 4,668 33,783 5,587 22,662 8,601 39,780 4,357 226,261 13,469 4,242 6,266 20,309 16, 191 8,364 16,336 21,522 2,484 18,285 7,665,111 34,319 1,018,463 67,880 78,363 38,879 183,222 108,858 54,526 76,530 72,689 166, 131 7,644 62,846 43,424 109,213 1900 413,536 16,697 6,706 19,668 12,766 6,237 10,324 3,964 1,868 14,665 3,201 5,948 2,598 1890 13,698 7,517 3,970 2,847 19,604 3,576 18,603 4,203 27,713 4,151 103,167 9,923 3,477 4,471 18,049 16,070 6,638 13,199 14,467 2,443 13,420 6,302,115 34,496 775,058 52,651 66,432 39,468 169,616 86,099 59,403 71,190 66,952 104,837 7,048 44,510 42,894 95,695 6,.764 8,650 16,233 10,016 5,191 8,874 3,244 1,709 11,864 3,600 6,080 2,569 11,455 4,878 2,444 2,604 16,198 16,266 2,601 22,934 4,206 74,884 7,858 1,792 2,932 13,381 12,044 3,661 9,183 11,972 10,692 < 6,268,113 33,486 551, 959 46,747 50,077 38,644 137,327 70,866 59,233 70,615 55,339 66,375 7,238 38,624 43,269 89,377 PER CENT OF INCREASE. 1900- 1910 62.7 16.9 59.0 62.3 26.2 74.0 135.0 9.4 35.1 16.6 -6.7 56.2 88.0 27.3 116.5 63.6 72.3 56.3 21.8 104.6 43.5 5.0 119.3 36.7 22.0 40.1 12.5 0.8 51.0 23.8 48.8 1.7 36.3 21.6 -0.6 31.4 29.2 38.8 -1.5 14.8 27.9 -8.2 7.6 27.6 58.5 8.5 18.7 1.2 14.1 1890- 1900 30.2 130.6 -22.5 29.0 27.4 20.2 16.3 85.1 9.3 22.8 -11.1 17.1 1.6 19.6 64.1 316.0 9.3 29.0 14.4 61.6 20.8 -1.3 37.8 324.3 94.0 52.5 824.4 33.4 51.3 8 40.7 20.8 823.2 19.9 3.0 40.4 12.4 12.7 2.1 16.2 20.1 0.3 0.8 2.9 57.9 -2.6 15.2 -0.9 7.1 ■ For changes in boundaries, etc., of counties, see page 53. 2 State total includes population (3,937) of Indian reservations specially enu- merated in 1890, not distributed by counties. 3 See headnote to table, page 32. PENNSYLVANIA —Con. Clarion Clearfield Clinton Columbia Crawford Cumberland. Dauphin Delaware Elk Erie Fayette.. Forest Franklin. Fulton... Greene... Huntingdon.. Indiana Jefferson Juniata Lackawarma. Lancaster. Lawrence. Lebanon.. Lehigh Luzerne... Lycoming.. M!cKean... Mercer Mifflin Monroe Montgomery Montour Northampton Northumberland. , Perry Philadelphia. Pike Potter SchuylkUl.... Snyder Somerset Sullivan Susquehanna. Tioga Union Venango Warren Washington.. Wayne Westmoreland. Wyoming York Land area in square miles: 1910 601 1,142 878 479 1,038 528 '521 186 806 781 796 423 761 402 574 918 829 666 392 451 941 360 360 344 1,220 987 700 484 130 372 454 664 133 644 1,071 777 311 1,034 468 824 1,142 306 661 902 862 739 1,039 397 903 POPtTLATION. 1910 36,638 93, 768 31,545 48,467 61,666 64,479 136, 152 117, 906 35,871 115,617 167,449 9,435 69,775 9,703 38,304 66,210 63,090 15,013 259,670 167,029 70,032 69,565 118,832 343,186 80,813 47,868 77,699 27,785 22,941 169,590 14,868 127, 667 111,420 24,136 1,549,008 8,033 29,729 207,894 16,800 67,717 11,293 37,746 42,829 16,249 66,369 39, 673 143,680 29,236 231,304 16,509 136,405 1900 34,283 80,614 29,197 39,896 63,643 60,344 114,443 94,762 32,903 98, 473 110,412 11,039 64,902 9,924 28,281 34,660 42,656 59,113 16,054 193,831 169,241 57,042 53,827 93,893 267, 121 75,663 61,343 57,387 23,160 21, 161 138, 995 16, 526 99,687 90,911 26,263 1,293,697 8,766 30, 621 172, 927 17,304 49,461 12,134 40,043 49,086 17,692 49, 648 38,946 92,181 30,171 160,176 17, 152 116,413 1890 36,802 69,565 28,686 36,832 65,324 47,271 96,977 74,683 22,239 86,074 80,006 8,482 61,433 10, 137 28,935 36,751 42,175 44,005 16, 666 142,088 149,095 37,517 48, 131 76,631 201,203 70,679 46,863 55,744 19,996 20,111 123,290 15, 645 84,220 74, 698 26,276 1,046,964 9,412 22, 778 154, 163 17,651 37,317 11,620 40,093 62,313 17,820 46,640 37,585 71,165 31,010 112,819 15,891 PER CENT OF INCEEASE. 1900- 1910 I I 6.9 16.3 8.0 21.5 -3.3 8.2 19.0 24.4 9.0 17.3 51.7 -14.5 8.9 -2.2 2.1 10.5 66.6 6.7 -6.5 33.9 4.9 22.8 10.7 26.6 33.6 6.8 -6.8 35.4 20.0 8.4 22.0 -4.2 28.1 22.6 -8.1 19.7 -8.4 -2.9 20.2 -2.9 36.9 -6.9 -6.7 -12.7 -7.6 13.6 L6 56.9 -3.1 44.4 -9.6 17.2 189fr- 1900 -6.8 15.9 l.S 8.3 -2.6 6.5 18.0 26.9 48.0 14.4 38.0 30.1 6.7 -2.1 -2.3 -3.1 0.9 34.3 -3.6 36.4 6.8 62.0 11.8 22.5 27.8 7.2 9.6 2.9 15.8 6.2 12.7 -0.8 18.4 21.7 (6) ' 23.6 -6.9 34.4 12.2 -2.0 32.6 4.4 -0.1 -6.2 -1.3 6.4 8 3.4 29.6 -2.7 42.0 7.9 17.0 < State total includes population (99) of Indian reservations specially enumerated in 1890, not distributed by counties. t A decrease of less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. POPULATION OF COUNTIES. 47 AREA AND POPULATION OP COUNTIES AND EQUIVALENT SUBDIVISIONS IN THE UNITED STATES : 1910, 1900, AND 1890— Continued. [Per cent not shown where base Is less than 100. A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease.] Table 13— C!on. COTJNTY. EHODE ISLAND Bristol Kent Newport Providence.., Washington., S. CAHOLINA... Abbeville ' . Aiken Anderson . . Bamberg ' . Barnwell'.. Land area in square iniles: 1910 Beaufort Berkeley i Calhoun' Charleston'^. Cherokee' Chester Chesterfield. Clarendon. . . Colleton'.... Darlington'. Dillon' Dorchester'. Edgefield'.. Fairfield Florence'... Georgetown. Greenville.. - Greenwood'. Hampton Horry Kershaw'... Lancaster... Laurens Lee' Lexington' . Marion' Marlboro Newberry'.. Oconee Orangeburg' Pickens Richland Saluda' Spartanburg' Sumter ' Union' Williamsburg ' York' SOUTH DAKOTA Armstrong.. Aurora Beadle Beimett' Bonhomme. Brookings. . Brown Brule Buffalo Butte' Campbell Charles Mix. Clark Clay Codington... Corson' , Custer... Davison. Day Deuel Dewey... 1,067 24 174 114 430 325 30,495 678 1,100 758 371 890 920 1,238 391 685 373 692 S37 717 1,333 605 471 613 700 792 607 828 761 508 958 1,158 673 515 690 407 833 529 519 601 650 1,131 529 611 435 765 574 492 1,006 651 76,868 POPULATION. 1910 648,610 17, 602 36,378 39,335 424,353 24,942 1,516,400 1,419 719 1,250 1,291 573 791 1,750 837 479 2,289 774 1,134 974 403 701 2,526 1,673 432 1,061 632 1,907 34,804 41,849 69, 568 18,544 34,209 30,365 23,487 16,634 88,594 26,179 29,425 26,301 32, 188 35,390 36,027 22,615 17,891 28,281 29,442 35,671 22,270 68,377 34,225 26,126 26,995 27,094 26, 650 41,560 25,318 32,040 20,596 31,189 34,586 27,337 55,893 2,5,422 65,143 20,943 83,465 38,472 29,911 37,626 47,718 683,888 1900 428,666 13,144 29,976 32,699 328,683 24,154 1,340,316 33, 400 39,032 65,728 17,296 35,604 35, 495 30,454 88,006 21,369 28,616 20,401 28,184 33,462 32,388 647 6,143 16,776 <96 11,061 14, 178 26,867 6,461 1,589 4,993 6,244 14,899 10,901 8,711 14,092 2,929 4,458 11,625 14,372 7,768 1,145 16,294 25,478 29,425 28,474 22,846 53,490 28,343 23,738 23,364 24, 696 24, 311 37,382 1890 346,606 11,428 26,764 28,562 255,123 23,649 1,161,149 46,854 31,822 43, 696 44,613 34,119 56,428 69,903 26,660 18,468 23,233 40,293 29,134 49,259 28,699 25,027 20,857 44,310 27,264 35,181 27,639 30,182 23,634 69,663 19,375 46,689 18,966 65,660 51,237 25,601 31,686 41,684 2 401,670 . 4, Oil 8,081 10,379 12,661 16,286 6,401 1,790 2,907 4,527 8,498 6,942 9,316 8,770 2,728 7,483 12,254 6,656 («) 20,644 19,256 22,361 20,761 31,610 PEE CENT OF INCREASE. 1900- 1910 26.6 33.9 21.4 20.7 29.1 3.3 13.1 4.2 7.2 24.8 7.2 -3.6 -14.6 -22.9 0.7 22.6 2.8 28.9 14.2 6.8 11.2 9.8 11.0 0.1 25.3 -2.5 27.8 20.8 6.8 16.5 9.7 9.6 11.1 22,181 29,976 23,600 26,434 18,687 49,393 16,389 36,821 66,386 43,605 25,363 27,777 38,831 3 348,600 34 5,046 9,057 10,132 16,856 6,737 993 1,037 3,510 4,178 6,728 7,609 7,037 4,891 6,449 9,168 4,574 17.5 -41.5 12.8 14.6 16.7 -6.3 31.2 21.0 10.4 27.3 -24.9 17.3 18.8 14.6 4S.4 63.2 96.2 6.6 12.9 69.2 19.4 -11.2 71.8 15.8 75.3 67.0 -6.5 60.7 63.4 66.4 17.3 16.7 1890- 1900 24.0 15.0 12.0 14.2 28.8 2.1 -28.7 22.7 27.5 4.0 -45.1 7.3 10.5 21.3 -17.0 11.2 -48.3 2.9 13.8 9.5 20.7 16.6 21.3 10.4 17.1 18.3 22.9 17.4 17.6 14.2 26.5 20.8 18.2 23.8 18.4 17.6 0.5 14.1 7.3 16.2 -20.5 -15.7 14.6 24.0 -19.8 -32.8 180.3 29.0 103.4 3.2 24.1 24.6 -44.2 37.3 33.7 45.5 ' For changes In boundaries, etc., of counties, see page 53. » State total includes population (9,216) of Cheyenne River and Rosebud In- dian Reservations and part of Standing Rock Indian Reservation, not returned by counties in 1900. » State total includes population (19,792) specially enumerated in 1890, not distributed by counties; also population (1,351) of Choteau, Ewing, Hardmg, Martin, Delano, Scobey, Jackson, Ziebach, Nowiin, Pratt, Presho, and old Todd Counties, annexed to Butte, Meade, Stanley, Ljrman, Gregory, and Pennington Counties between 1890 and 1900. < Exclusive of population of part in Pino ^idge Indian Reservation, not re- turned by counties. SOUTH DAKOTA —Con. Douglas Edmunds Fall River Faulk Grant Gregory' HamlLQ Hand Hanson Harding' Hughes Hutchinson. Hyde Jerauld Kingsbury.. Lake , Lawrence. Lincoln... Lyman'.., McCook. . . McPherson. Marshall Meade' Mellette'... Miner Minnehaha. Moody Pennington ' Perkins' Potter Roberts Sanborn, . Schnasse . Shannon. Spink Stanley'., Sterling.. Sully... Todd'.. Tripp'.. Turner. Union'. Walworth.. Washington Yankton Pine Ridge Indian Reservation' TENNESSEE. Anderson - Bedford... Benton Bledsoe... Blount Bradley. . . Campbell. Cannon... Carroll Carter Cheatham.. Chester Claiborne. . Clay Cocke Coffee Crockett Cumberland. Davidson Decatur Dekalb Diclison Dyer Fayette Fentress Land area in square miles: 1910 435 1,158 1,756 1,018 691 1,032 620 1,426 432 2,682 759 817 866 631 814 562 797 674 2,625 573 1,167 889 3,491 1,228 668 815 527 2,792 2,914 898 1,111 576 836 964 1,611 4,166 249 1,068 1,279 1,629 617 462 742 1,146 1,157 523 41,687 337 514 456 391 571 336 464 268 619 353 314 313 468 264 427 443 267 655 611 288 311 649 500 618 486 POPULATION. 6,400 7,664 7,763 6,716 10,303 13,061 7,475 7,870 6,237 4,228 6,271 12,319 3,307 6,120 12,560 10,711 19, 694 12,712 10,848 9,589 6,791 8,021 12,640 1,700 7,661 29,631 12,453 11,348 4,466 14,897 6,607 292 15,981 14,975 252 2,462 2,164 8,323 13,840 10,676 6,488 13, 136 6,607 2,184,789 17, 717 22,667 12,462 6,329 20,809 16,336 27,387 10,826 23,971 19,838 10,540 9,090 23,504 9,009 19,399 15,625 16,076 9,327 149, 478 10,093 16, 434 19,955 27, 721 30,257 7,446 1900 5,012 4,916 3,541 3,647 9,103 2,211 5,945 4,525 4,947 3,684 11,897 1,492 2,798 9,137 17,897 12,161 2,632 8,689 6,327 5,942 4,907 5,864 23,926 8,326 6,610 2,988 12,216 4,464 («) (') 9,487 1,341 (=) 1,715 13, 175 11,153 3.839 r^ 12,649 6,827 17,634 23,846 11,888 6,626 19,206 16.769 17,317 12,121 24,250 16,688 10,112 9,896 20,696 8,421 19, 153 15,574 15,867 8,311 122, 815 10, 439 16, 460 18, 835 23,776 29,701 6,106 1890 4,600 4,399 4,478 4,062 6,814 295 4,625 6,546 4,267 6,044 10,469 1,860 3,606 8,662 7,608 11, 673 9,143 233 6,448 5,940 4,544 4,640 5,165 21,879 5,941 6,640 2,910 1,997 4,610 10,581 1,028 96 2,412 10,256 9,130 2.153 m 40 10, 444 15, 128 24, 739 11,230 6,134 17,689 13,607 13, 486 12,197 23,630 13,389 8,845 9,069 15, 103 7,260 16,623 13,827 16,146 5,376 108,174 8,995 15,650 13, 645 19,878 28, 878 5,226 PEE CENT OP INCBEASE. 1900- 1910 27.7 65.7 119.2 89.3 13.2 490.7 25.7 73.9 26.1 70.2 3.5 121.6 83.0 27.3 17.2 10.0 4.5 312.2 10.4 7.3 35.0 167.6 30.6 23.8 4.4 122.0 49.5 21.9 48.0 68.5 1,016.7 43.6 6.0 -4.3 3.8 -3.2 8.1 0.5 -4.9 4.7 -4.5 8.3 3.7 68.2 -10.7 -1.2 18.9 4.2 -8.1 13.6 7.0 1.3 0.3 1.3 12.2 21.7 -3.3 -6.2 7.1 16.6 1.9 21.9 1890- 1900 9.0 11.8 -20.9 -12.7 33.6 649.5 28.6 -30.9 15.9 -27.0 13.6 -19.8 -22.4 15.2 21.7 63.3 33.0 ■■807.7 34.8 6.5 30.8 5.8 13.5 9.4 40.1 -14.2 2.7 511.7 -10.3 30.4 -28.9 28.6 22.2 78.3 'iV.i 14.3 16.6 -3.6 5.9 8.0 9.2 15.8 28.4 -0.6 2.6 24.6 14.3 9.1 37.0 16.0 15.9 12.6 4.8 54.6 13.5 16.1 5.2 36.6 19.6 2.8 16.8 ' See headnote to table, page 32. 6 Not returned separately. ' For 1910 comprises the unorganized counties of Shannon and Washington, and parts of Bennett and Washabaugh, for which the population was not returned separately. 8 Total land area within the lunits of Pine Ridge Indian_Reservationj 4,374 square miles, ( abaugh Counties, nd area within the limits of Pine Kldge Indian Reservation, 4,374 , comprising Shannon, Washington, and parts of Bennett and Wash- ities, mcluded under the respective counties. 48 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. AREA AND POPULATION OF COUNTIES AND EQUIVALENT SUBDIVISIONS IN ^THE UNITED STATES: 1910, 1900, AND 1890— Continued. [Per cent not shown where base Is less than 100. A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease.) Table 13— Con. COUKTT. TEKNESSEE- Con. Franklin Gibson Giles Grainger Greene Grundy Hamblen.. Hamilton.. Hancock... Hardeman. Hardin Hawkins... Haywood.. Henderson. Henry Hickman 1... Houston Humphreys. Jackson James JefEerson Johnson Knox Lake Lauderdale'. Lawrence. Lewis' Lincoln... Loudon... McMinn . . . McNairy. Macon... Madison.. Marion. . . Marshall. Maury Meigs Monroe Montgomery. Moore Morgan.. Obion... Overton. Perry'. .- Pickett.. Polk Putnajn... Rhea Roane Robertson. Rutherford. Scott Sequatchie. . Sevier Shelby Smith Stewart.. Sullivan.. Sumner.. Tipton Trousdale. Unicoi Union Van Buren... Warren Washington., Wayne' Weakley White Williamson . Wilson TEXAS. Anderson.. Andrews ' . Angelina. . . Aransas Archer Land area in square miles; 1910 575 633 628 307 613 375 158 409 228 697 582 482 608 536 570 197 461 301 165 312 294 604 122 456 611 286 587 219 432 688 286 652 504 378 682 199 673 516 141 529 552 446 487 162 432 404 365 388 455 614 550 264 587 801 296 449 436 558 442 106 201 235 423 325 749 580 363 586 613 262,398 938 1,665 940 240 872 POPULATION. 1910 1900 1890 20,491 41,630 32,629 13,888 31,083 8,322 13,650 89,267 10,778 23,011 17,521 23,687 25,910 17,030 25,434 16,527 6,224 13,908 15,036 5,210 17,765 13, 191 94,187 8,704 21, 106 17,569 6,033 26,908 13,612 21,046 16,356 14,559 39,367 18,820 16,872 40,456 6,131 20,716 33,672 4,800 11,458 29,946 15,854 8,815 5,087 14,116 20,023 15,410 22,860 26,466 33,199 12,947 4,202 22,296 191,439 18,548 14,860 28,120 25,621 29,459 5,874 7,201 11,414 2,784 16,634 28,968 12,062 31, 929 16,420 24,213 25,394 3,896,542 29,650 975 17, 705 2,106 6,625 20,392 39,408 33,035 .15,512 30,596 7,802 12,728 61,695 11, 147 22,976 19,246 24,267 25,189 18, 117 24,208 16, 367 6,476 13,398 15,039 6,407 18,590 10,589 74,302 7,368 21, 971 15,402 4,455 26,304 10,838 19,163 17,760 12,881 36,333 17, 281 18,763 42,703 7,491 18,685 36,017 5,706 9,587 28,286 13,353 8,800 5,366 11,357 16,890 14,318 22,738 25,029 33,543 11,077 3,326 22,021 163,657 19,026 15,224 24,935 26,072 29,273 6,004 6,851 12,894 3,126 16,410 22,604 12,936 32,546 14,157 26,429 27,078 3,048,710 28,015 87 13,481 1,716 2,508 PEE CENT or INCEEASE. 190O- 1910 18,929 36,859 34,957 13, 196 26,614 6,345 11,418 53,482 10,342 21,029 17, 698 22,246 23,558 16,336 21,070 14,499 6,390 11,720 13, 325 4,903 16,478 8,858 59,557 5,304 18,756 12,286 2,555 27,382 9,273 17,890 15,510 10,878 30,497 15,411 18, 906 38,112 6,930 15,329 29,697 5,975 7,639 27,273 12,039 7,785 4,736 8,361 13,683 12,647 17, 418 20,078 35,097 9,794 3,027 18, 761 112,740 18,404 12, 193 20, 879 23,668 24,271 5,850 4,619 11,459 2,863 14, 413 20,364 11,471 28,955 12,348 26,321 27,148 2,235,627 20,923 24 6,306 1,824 2,101 0.5 6.6 -1.2 -10.5 1.6 6.7 7.2 44.7 -3.3 0.2 -9.0 8.7 -2.8 9.1 2.9 6.9 -6.0 10.9 5.1 14.9 LO -3.9 3.8 P) -3.6 -4.5 24.6 26.8 18.1 -3.9 14.1 35.4 -L5 25.6 -7.9 13.0 8.3 8.9 -10.1 -5.3 -18.2 11.6 -6.5 -15.9 19.5 5.9 18.7 0.2 -5.2 24.3 18.6 7.6 0.5 L7 -1.0 16.9 26.3 1.2 24.7 -2.5 -2.4 12.8 -1.7 0.6 -2.2 23.1 -11.5 -10.9 0.8 28.2 -6.8 -1.9 8.9 -8.4 -6.2 27.8 ~5^ 1890- 1900 31.3 22.7 160.2 7.7 9.9 -5.5 17.6 15.0 23.0 11.5 15.4 7.8 9.3 12.9 20.1 .14.3 12.9 10.3 12.8 19.5 24.8 38.9 17.1 25.4 74.4 -3.9 16.9 7.1 14.5 18.4 19.1 12.1 -0.8 12.0 8.1 21.2 21.3 -4.5 25.5 3.7 10.9 13.0 13.3 35.8 23.4 13.2 30.5 24.7 -4.4 13.1 9.9 17.4 36.2 3.4 24.9 19.4 10.2 20.6 2.6 26.7 12.5 9.2 13.9 11.1 12.8 12.4 14.7 0.4 -0.3 113.8 -5.9 19.4 TEXAS— Con. Armstrong. Atascosa... Austin Bailey Bandera... Bastrop. Baylor.. Bee Bell Bexar Blanco. . . Borden.. Bosque.. Bowie.. . Brazoria. Brazos Brewster'. Briscoe Brown Burleson. . Burnet... Caldwell. Calhoun.. Callahan. Cameron . Camp.. Carson. Castro Chambers. , Cherokee. , Childress. . Clay Cochran.. Coke Coleman ColUn Collingsworth. Colorado Comal Comanche.. Concho Cooke Coryell Cottle Crane Crockett. Crosby. . . Dallam. . Dallas.... Dawson' ... De Witt . . . . Deaf Smith. Delta Denton Dickens. . Dimmit. . Donley... Duval Eastland. Ector Edwards. , El Paso... Ellis Erath Falls Fannin Fayette Fisher Floyd Foard' Fort Bend. Franklin... Freestone. . Frio Gaines' Galveston. Garza ' . . . Gillespie.. Glasscock. Land area in square miles; 1910 903 1,358 728 1,030 983 867 880 856 1,083 1,263 750 895 975 873 1,340 597 6,935 903 956 684 974 611 563 854 2,434 207 893 961 896 618 1,049 733 1,168 869 931 1,290 972 559 948 918 902 1,085 1,012 878 3,215 870 1,532 859 903 879 1,549 261 952 881 1,360 906 1,825 925 892 2,352 9; 331 975 1,083 745 838 968 885 1,011 612 792 1,124 1,540 896 870 1,109 POPULATION. 1910 2,682 10,004 17,699 312 4,921 26,344 8,411 12,090 49, 186 119,676 4,311 1,386 19,013 34,827 13,299 18,919 5,220 2,162 22,935 18,687 10,755 24,237 3,635 12,973 27,158 9,551 2,127 27,587 1,850 4,234 29,038 9,538 17,043 65 6,412 22,618 49,021 5,224 18,897 8,434 27,186 6,654 26,603 21, 703 4,396 331 1,296 1,765 4,001 135,748 2,320 23,501 3,942 14,566 31,268 3,092 3,460 5,284 8,964 23,421 1,178 3,768 52, 599 63,629 32,095 35,649 44,801 29,796 12,596 4,638 5,726 18,168 9,331 20,557 8,895 1,265 44,479 1,995 9,447 1,143 1900 1,205 7,143 20,676 4 5,332 26,845 3,052 7,720 45,536 69, 422 4,703 776 17,390 26, 676 14,861 18,859 2,356 1,253 16,019 18, 367 10,528 21,765 2.396 8,768 16,095 9,146 469 22,841 400 3,046 25,154 2,138 9,231 25 3,430 10,077 50,087 1,233 22,203 7,008 23,009 1,427 27,494 21,308 1,002 51 1,591 788 146 82,726 S7 21,311 843 15,249 28,318 1,161 1,106 2,756 8,483 17,971 381 3,108 24,886 50,059 29,966 33, 342 51,793 36, 542 3,708 2,020 1,568 16,638 8,674 18,910 4,200 55 44,116 185 8,229 286 1890 944 6,459 17,869 3,795 20,736 2,595 3,720 33,377 49,266 4,649 222 14,224 20,267 11,506 16,650 710 11,421 13,001 10, 747 15, 769 815 6,457 14,424 6,624 356 22,554 9 2,241 22,975 1,175 7,503 PEE CENT OP INCEEASE. 1900- 1910 122.6 40.1 -14.4 -7.7 -5.6 175.6 56.6 8.0 72.4 -8.3 78.6 9.3 30.6 -10.5 0.3 121.6 72.6 43.2 L7 2.2 11.4 51.8 48.0 68.7 4.4 353.5 20.8 362.5 39.0 15.4 346.1 84.6 2,059 6,112 36, 736 357 19, 512 15; 608 1,065 24,696 16,873 240 15 194 346 112 67,042 29 14, 307 179 9,117 21,289 295 1,049 1,056 7,598 10,373 224 1,970 15,678 31,774 21,594 20,706 38,709 31,481 2,996 124.5 -2.1 323.7 -14.9 20.3 18.2 366.3 -3.2 1.9 338.7 1890- 1900 -18.6 124.0 2,640.4 64.1 10,586 6,481 15,987 3,112 31,476 14 7,056 10.3 367.6 -4.5 10.4 168.6 212.8 9L7 6.7 30.3 209.2 21.2 111.4 7.1 7.1 6.9 -13.5 -18.5 239.7 129.6 265.2 9.9 7.6 8.7 111.8 0.8 978.4 14.8 299.7 27.6 10.6 15.8 40.5 29.5 17.6 107.5 36.4 40.9 1.2 249.5 22.3 31.6 29.2 13.3 231.8 40.3 41.3 -2.0 38.0 193.9 60.7 11.6 38.1 31.7 L3 35.9 9.5 82.0 23.0 66.6 64.9 36.3 245.4 • 13.8 9.5 47.4 34.0 11.3 26.3 317.5 720.1 127.7 30.4 23.4 49.0 370.9 67.3 33.0 290.2 6.4 161.0 11.6 73.2 70.1 67.8 58.7 57.5 38.8 61.0 33.8 16.1 23.8 281.9 66.2 33.8 18.3 35.0 40.2 16.6 37.6 I For changes in boundaries, etc., of counties, see page 63. » A decrease of less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. 3 State total includes population C4) specially enumerated in 1890, not credited to any county; also population (3,067) of Buohel, Foley, and Encinal CouutieSi annexed to Brewster and Webb Counties between J890 and 1900. POPULATION OF COUNTIES. 49 AREA AND POPULATION OF COUNTIES AND EQUIVALENT SUBDIVISIONS IN THE UNITED STATES: 1910, 1900, AND 1890— Continued. [Per cent not sliown where base Is less than 100. A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease.] Table 13— Con. COUNTY. TEXAS— Con. GoUad... Qonzales. Gray ' . . . Grayson . . Grimes Guadalupe. Hale Hall Hamilton.. Hanslord . . . Hardeman ' . Hardin Harris Harrison Hartley Haskell.... Hays Hemphill.. Henderson. Hidalgo . Hill...... Hoolcley . Hood Hopkins . Houston Howard Hunt Hutchinson'. Irion Jack Jackson Jasper Jeff Davis.. Jefferson... Johnson... Jones Eames Kaufman. Kendall... Kent Kerr Kimble.... King Kinney Knox' La Salle.... Lamar Lamb ' I^ampasas. . Lavaca Lee Leon Liberty Limestone. Lipscomb.. Live Oak.. Llano Loving Lubbock. . . Lynn > McCulloch. McLennan. McMullen.. Madison... Marion Martin Mason Matagorda. Maverick.. Medina.. Menard.. Midland. MUam... Mills MltcheU Montague Montgomery. Moore Morris Land area in square miles: 1910 799 1,020 899 942 312 812 703 1,036 901 833 761 862 1,654 872 1,607 923 623 873 946 2,276 966 867 405 813 1,231 891 893 879 962 893 978 2,263 920 740 922 692 834 875 1,197 1,301 867 1,312 1,561 945 1,022 740 950 562 1,101 1,160 974 1,116 971 753 868 864 1,073 1,049 1,302 495 391 904 969 1,136 1,251 1,353 914 887 959 885 929 1,017 921 259 POPULATION. 1910 1900 9,909 8,310 28,055 28,882 3,405 480 65,996 63,661 14,140 12,343 21,205 26, 106 24,913 21,385 7,566 1,680 8,279 1,670 15,315 13,520 935 167 11,213 3,634 12,947 5,049 116, 693 63,786 37,243 31,878 1,298 377 16,249 2,637 16, 618 14,142 3,170 815 20,131 19,970 13,728 6,837 46,760 41,355 137 44 10,008 9,146 31,038 27,950 29,564 25,452 8,881 2,528 48,116 47,295 892 303 1,283 848 11,817 10,224 6,471 6,094 14,000 7,138 1,678 1,160 38,182 14,239 34,460 33,819 24,299 7,063 14,942 8,681 36,323 33,376 4,517 4,103 2,655 899 5,505 4,980 3,261 2,503 810 490 3,401 2,447 9,625 2,322 4,747 2,303 46,544 48,627 640 31 9,532 8,625 26,418 28,121 13, 132 14, 595 16,583 18,072 10,686 8,102 34,621 32,573 2,634 790 3,442 2,268 6,520 7,301 249 33 3,624 293 1,713 17 13,405 3,960 73,250 59,772 1,091 1,024 10,318 10,432 10,472 10,764 1,549 332 5,683 6,573 13,694 6,097 5,151 4,066 13,416 7,783 2,707 2,011 3,464 1,741 36,780 39,666 9,694 7,851 8,966 2,855 25,123 24,800 15,679 17,067 661 209 10,439 8,220 1890 5,910 18,016 203 53,211 9,402 21,312 15,217 721 703 9,313 3,904 3,966 37,249 26, 721 252 1,665 11,352 519 12,285 27,683 7,614 20,572 19,360 1,210 31,885 58 870 9,740 3,281 6,592 1,394 •6,867 22,313 3,797 3,637 21,698 3,826 324 4,462 2,243 173 3,781 1,134 2,139 37,302 4 7,684 21,887 11,962 13,841 4,230 21,678 632 2,055 6,772 3 33 24 3,217 39,204 1,038 8,612 10,862 264 5,180 3,985 ' 3,698 6,730 1,215 1,033 24,773 5,493 2,069 18,863 11,765 15 6,580 PEE CENT OP INCBEASE. 1900- 1910 19.2 -2.9 609.4 3.7 14.6 -18.8 16.5 360.4 396.7 13.3 459.9 208.6 166.4 81.4 16.8 244.3 516.2 9.7 289.0 0.8 100.8 13.1 9.4 11.0 16.2 251.3 1.7 194.4 51.3 16.6 6.2 96.1 46.9 168.2 1.9 244.5 72.1 6.8 10.1 195.3 10.5 30.3 66.3 39.0 314.6 106.1 -4.3 10.6 -6.1 -10.0 -8.2 31.9 6.3 233.4 61.8 -10.7 1,136.9 238.6 22.5 6.5 -1.1 -2.6 366.6 2.0 123.0 26.7 72.4 34.6 99.0 -7.3 23.5 213.7 1.3 -8.1 168.4 27.0 1890- 1900 40.6 60.3 136.5 19.6 31.3 22.6 40.6 133.0 137.6 46.2 25.6 -6.9 27.6 71.2 19.3 49.6 68.4 24.6 67.0 62.6 4.6 49.9 20.1 36.9 31.5 108.9 48.3 -2.5 5.0 85.7 27.6 -17.6 143.1 51.6 85.8 138.7 54.5 7.2 177.6 11.6 11.6 183.2 -35.3 104.8 7.7 30.4 13.7 28.5 22.1 30.6 91.5 50.3 25.0 10.4 7.8 23.1 62.6 -1.3 22.6 -1.0 25.8 7.6 63.0 10.0 36.8 65.5 68.5 60.1 42.9 38.7 31.5 45.1 24.9 TEXAS— Con. Motley Nacogdoches . Navarro Newton Nolan Nueces Ochiltree . . Oldham.... Orange Palo Pinto. Panola... Parker... Parmer i . Polk. Potter... Presidio. Rahis Kandall. . Reagan'. Red River. Reeves Refugio Roberts Robertson.. Rockwall Runnels Busk Sabine San Augustine. San Jacinto.. San Patricio. San Saba Schleicher'... Scurry Shackelford. Shelby Sherman Smith Somervell. . . Starr Stephens. . Sterling'.. Stonewall., Sutton Swisher. Tarrant. Taylor.. Terrell'. Terry'.., Throckmorton. Titus Tom Green' Travis Trinity Tyler Upshur Upton'...., Uvalde Val Verde.. Van Zaudt. Victoria Walker Waller Ward Washington. Webb' Wharton Wheeler Wichita Wilbarger. . . Williamson. Wilson Winkler' ... Wise Wood Yoakum ' . Young Zapata Zavalla Land area in square miles: 1910 1,030 1,059 1,060 889 880 2,276 891 1,543 363 968 842 876 902 4,134 1,217 934 3,812 267 937 1,071 1,039 2,781 740 882 872 149 1,083 983 589 622 676 1,116 1,387 887 947 833 935 920 184 2,675 926 948 862 1,621 903 908 2,635 870 879 398 1,454 1,004 716 908 600 1,196 1,589 3,083 831 890 791 519 827 628 3,219 1,112 896 604 1,129 813 844 863 657 879 875 1,288 1,348 POPULATION. 1910 2,396 27,406 47,070 10,850 11,999 21,955 1,602 812 9,528 19,506 20,424 26,331 1,565 2,071 17,469 12,424 5,218 6,787 3,312 392 28,664 4,392 2,814 950 27,464 8,072 20,868 26,946 8,582 11,264 9,542 7,307 11,245 1,893 10,924 4,201 26,423 1,376 41,746 3,931 13,151 7,980 1,493 5,320 1,569 4,012 108,672 26,293 1,430 1,474 4,663 16,422 17,882 56,620 12,768 10,260 19,960 601 11,233 8,613 25,651 14,990 16,061 12,138 2,389 25,561 22,603 21,123 5,258 16,094 12,000 42,228 17,066 442 26,460 23,417 602 13,667 3,809 1,889 1900 1,267 24,663 43,374 7,282 2,611 10,439 267 349 6,905 12,291 21,404 26,823 34 2,360 14,447 1,820 3,673 6,127 1,847 1,641 620 31,480 8,631 6,379 26,099 6,394 8,434 10,277 2,372 7,569 515 4,168 2,461 20,462 104 37,370 3,498 11,469 6,466 1,127 2,183 1,727 1,227 52,376 10,499 1,750 12,292 6,804 47,386 10,976 11,899 16,266 48 4,647 5,263 25,481 13,678 16,813 14,246 1,451 32,931 21,851 16,942 636 5,806 5,769 38,072 13,961 60 27,116 21,048 26 6,640 4,760 792 1890 139 15,984 26,373 4,660 1,573 8,093 198 270 4,770 8,320 14,328 21,682 7 1,326 10,332 849 21,452 1,247 1,239 326 26,606 6,972 3,193 18,559 4,969 6,688 7,360 1,312 6,641 166 1,416 2,012 14,365 34 28,324 3,419 10,749 4,926 1,024 658 100 41,142 6,957 21 902 8,190 5,152 36,322 7,648 10,877 12,695 52 3,804 2,874 16,225 8,737 12,874 10,888 77 29,161 14,842 7,584 778 4,831 7,092 25,909 10,655 18 24,134 13,932 4 5,049 3,662 1,097 PEB CENT OP INCBEASE. 1900- 1910 90.6 11.1 8.6 49.0 359.6 110.3 500.0 132.7 61.4 58.7 -4.6 2.0 -12.2 20.8 582.6 42.1 10.8 -4.4 137.8 71.5 63.2 -12.8 -6.4 287.8 3.2 34.2 33.6 -7.2 208.1 48.6 267.6 162.7 70.7 29.2 1,223.1 11.7 12.4 14.7 23.4 32.6 143.7 -9.1 227.0 107.3 160.4 160.7 33.6 162.8 17.4 16.3 -13.9 22.7 141.7 63.7 0.7 9.6 1.6 -14.8 64.6 -22.4 3.0 24.7 726.7 177.2 108.4 10.9 22.2 -2.6 11.3 108.8 -20.0 138.6 1890- 1900 804.3 54.3 64.5 66.6 66.0 29.0 34.8 29.3 23.8 47.7 49.4 19.1 114.4 116.3 66.7 416.0 39.3 48.1 32.4 90.2 18.8 42.8 68.5 40.6 28.7 26.1 39.6 80.8 14.0 232.3 193.9 22.3 42.4 31.9 2.3 6.7 31.3 113.2 162.5 1,127.0 27.3 50.9 94.0 60.1 32.1 30.5 43.5 9.4 28.1 22.2 83.1 67.0 56.6 22.8 30.8 12.9 47.2 123.4 -18.3 20.2 -18.8 46.9 31.0 12.1 61.1 29.6 33.6 -27.8 72497°— 13- I For changes In boundaries, etc., of counties, see page 53. 50 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. AREA AND POPULATION OF COUNTIES AND EQUIVALENT SUBDIVISIONS IN THE UNITED STATES: 1910, 1900, AND 1890— Continued. [Per cent not shown where base is less than 100. A minos sign (— ) denotes decrease.] Table 13— Con. COUNTY. UTAH. Bearer Boxelder.. Cache Carbon 2... Davis Emery 2.. Garflelda. Granda... Iron Juab Kane^... Millard.. Morgan. Piute 2.. Eich Salt Late. San Juan.. Sanpete^. . Sevier2 Summit.. Tooele. . . Uinta Utahs.... Wasatch Washington.. Wayne' Weber VEBMOITT. Addison Bennington. Caledonia'-. Chittenden.. Essex FraxLklin... Grand Isle. Lamoille... Orange Orleans Kutland Washington'.. Windlwn..... Windsor VSHGISIA. Accomac Albemarle Alexandria Alexandria city. Allegliany' Amelia Amherst Appomattox. Augusta' Bath Bedford Bland Botetourt... Bristol city . BronswicK. . Land area in square miles: 1910 82,184 Bachanan Buckinguam .... Buena Vista city '.. Campbell' Caroline Carroll Charles City Charlotte..; Charlottesville city. . Chesterfield 2,660 5,444 1,164 1,487 275 4,453 5,234 3,692 3,256 3,410 4,215 6,604 626 763 1,027 756 7,761 1,564 1,978 1,862 6,849 5,235 2,034 4,354 2,465 2,475 541 9,131 756 661 618 543 638 POPULATION. 1910 373,351 4,717 13,894 23,062 8,624 10,191 6,750 3,660 1,595 3,933 10,702 1,652 6,118 2,467 1,734 1,883 131,426 2,377 16,704 9,775 8,200 7,924 7,050 37,942 8,920 5,123 1,749 35,179 3S6,9SS 1900 276,749 3,613 10,009 18, 139 6,004 7,996 4,657 3,400 1,149 3,546 10,082 1,811 5,678 2,045 1,954 1,946 77,725 1,023 16,313 8,451 7,361 6,468 32,466 4,736 4,612 1,907 25,239 343,641 1800 1 210,779 3,340 7,642 15,609 6,751 5,076 2,457 541 2,683 5,682 1,685 4,033 1,780 2,842 1,527 58,467 365 13,146 6,199 7,733 3,700 2,762 23,768 4,009 '22,'723 PEE CENT OF INCREASE. 1900- 1910 1890- 1900 34.9 27.1 72.3 27.5 44.9 7.8 38.8 10.9 6.1 7.7 20.6 -11.3 -3.2 69.1 132.4 2.4 16.7 -13.1 7.6 9.2 16.9 88.3 11.1 -8.3 39.4 3.6 31.3 31.0 17.0 18.4 38.4 112.4 32.2 80.8 7.5 40.8 14.9 -31.2 27.4 33.0 n36.4 24.1 36.3 22.1 98.9 3 80.7 36.6 3 27.0 15.0 11.1 Clifton" Forge city'.. Craig Culpeper CumbBrla.nd iState total includespopulatlon (2,874) of Indian reservations specially enumer- atpd in 1890, not distributed by counties. _ a For changes in boundaries, etc, of counties, see page 53. » See headnote to table, page 32. VIRGINIA— Con. Danville city '. . Diclsensou Dinwiddle EUzabeth City. Fairfax Fauquier.. Floyd Fluvanna. Franklin.. Frederick Fredericksburg city. Giles Gloucester Goochland Grayson Greene Greensville. Halifax Hanover.... Henrico' Henry , Highland Isle of Wight.. James City.. King and Queen. King George King Wilham Lancaster Lee Loudoun Louisa Lunenburg Lynchburg city '. . . Madison Mathews Mecklenburg. , Middlesex Montgomery'. Nansemond . . Land area in square miles: 1910 Nelson New Kent Newport News city s Norfolk' Norfolk city' Northampton Northumberland. . . . Nottoway. Orange Page Patrick Petersburg city.. Pittsylvania' Portsmouth city'... Powhatan.. Prince Edward. Prince George. . . Prince William. Princess Xnne.. Pulaski Radford city' Rappahannock. . Ricmnond Richmond city ' . Roanoke' Roanoke city'. Rockbridge'... Rockingham... Russell Scott Shenandoah... Smyth Southampton. Spotsylvania . Stafford 325 518 54 268 417 668 376 285 434 1 369 223 287 425 165 307 814 512 444 422 314 164 320 180 263 130 446 519 516 430 6 324 94 669 146 473 191 2 404 7 205 310 359 322 485 3 1,012 3 273 356 294 346 279 333 5 274 204 11 300 5 613 876 510 436 604 412 274 POPULATION. 1910 19,020 9,199 16,442 21,225 9,105 20, 536 22,626 14,092 8,323 12,787 6,874 11,623 12,477 9,237 19, 856 6,937 11,890 40,044 17,200 23,437 18, 469 5,317 14,929 6,338 9,676 6,378 8,647 9,752 23,840 21,167 16,578 12,780 29,494 10,056 8,922 28,956 8,852 17,268 26,886 16,821 4,682 20,206 62,744 67,462 16,672 10,777 13,462 13,486 14,147 17,195 24,127 50,709 33,190 6,099 14,266 7,848 12,026 11,626 17,246 4,202 8,044 7,416 127,628 19,623 34, 874 21,171 34,903 23,474 23,814 20,942 20,326 26,302 9,935 8,070 1900 16,520 7,747 15,374 19,460 9,701 18,580 23,374 15,388 9,060 26,963 13,239 6,068 10,793 12,832 9,519 16,863 6,214 9,768 37, 197 17,618 30,062 19,266 6,647 13, 102 5,732 9,265 6,918 8,380 8,949 19,866 21, 948 16, 617 11, 706 18,891 10,216 8,239 26,551 8,220 15,852 23,078 16,075 4,866 19,635 60,780 46,624 13,770 9,846 12,366 12,571 13,794 15,403 21,810 46,894 17,427 6,824 15,046 7,762 11,112 11,192 14,609 3,344 8,843 7,088 85,060 16,837 21, 496 21,799 33, 527 18,031 22,694 20,263 17,121 22,848 9,239 8,097 1890 10,305 6,077 13,515 16,168 10,047 16, 656 22,590 14, 405 9,608 24,986 12,684 4,628 9,090 11,663 9,968 14,394 6,622 8,230 34,424 17,402 22,006 18,208 5,352 11,313 5,643 6,641 9,605 7,191 18,216 23,274 16,997 11,372 19,709 10,225 7,684 26,359 7,468 17,742 19,692 16,336 5,511 PEE CENT OF INCEEASE. 28,899 34,871 10,313 7,885 11,582 12,814 13,092 14,147 22,680 49,636 13,268 6,791 14,694 7,872 9,805 9,510 12,790 8,678 7,146 81,388 13,942 16,159 23,082 31,299 16,126 21,694 19,671 13,360 20,078 9,705 7,362 1900- 1910 16.1 18.7 0.4 9.1 -6.1 10.5 -3.6 -8.4 -8.0 2.0 -3.4 15.9 7.7 -2.8 -3.0 17.8 11.6 21.8 7.7 -2.4 -22.0 -4.2 -5.8 13.9 10.6 3.4 -7.8 2.0 9.0 20.1 -3.6 0.4 9.2 66.1 -1.6 8.3 9.1 7.7 8.9 16.5 4.6 -3.8 2.9 3.9 44.7 21.1 9.5 8.9 7.3 2.6 11.6 10.6 8.1 90.5 -10.6 -5.2 1.2 8.2 3.0 18.1 26.7 -9.0 4.6 50.1 23.9 62.2 -2.9 4.1 30.2 4.9 3.4 18.7 15.1 7.5 -0.3 18W- 1900 80.3 62.6 13.8 20.4 -3.4 11.6 3.6 6.8 -4.8 3.9 4.4 11.9 18.7 10.1 -4.4 17.1 10.6 18.6 8.1 1.2 36.6 5.8 5.6 15.8 1.6 -4.2 4.2 -12.8 24.4 9.0 -5.7 -2.8 2.9 -4.2 -0.1 8.6 4.7 10.2 -10.7 17.2 4.8 -11.7 75.7 33.7 33.5 24.9 6.8 -L9 5.4 8.9 -3.8 -5.5 31.3 0.5 2.4 -1.5 13.3 17.7 14.2 1.9 -«.8 4.5 13.6 33.0 -6.5 7.1 1L8 4.6 3.0 28.2 13.8 -4.8 10.0 I State totalinoludespopulation (9,715 In 1900 and 9,246 in 1890) of Manchester city, made independent of Chesterfield County in 1874, armexed to Richmond city, April 15, 1910. POPULATION OF COUNTIES. 51 AREA AND POPULATION OF COUNTIES AND EQUIVALENT SUBDIVISIONS IN THE UNITED STATES: 1910, 1900, AND 1890— CoHtinued. [Per cent not shown where base is less than 100. A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease.] Table 13— Con. COTTNTY. VIRGINIA— Ck)n. Staunton cityi Surry Sussex Tazewell Warren Warwick 1 Washington ... Westmoreland. Winchester city. Wise Wythe York WASHINGTON.. Adams. . . Asotin... Benton i . Chehalis. Chelan 1.. Clallam... Clarke Columbia. Cowlitz — Douglas'.. Ferry'... Franklin. Garfield.. Grant'... Island Jefferson... King Kitsap Kittitas'.. KUckitat'. Lewis Lincoln Mason Okanogan' Paciflc Pierce San Juan... Skagit Skamania... Snohomish. . Spokane Stevens ' Thurston Wahkiakum. Walla Walla. Whatcom Whitman Yakima' WEST VIRGINIA. Barbour.. Berkeley. Boone Braxton.. Brooke.... CabeU Galhotm Clay Doddridge. Fayette Gilmer Grant Greenbrier.. Hampshire.. Hancock Land area In square miles: 1910 3 278 615 831 216 67 602 252 1 420 479 136 66,836 1,912 606 1,671 1,927 2,900 1,726 634 858 1,153 1,787 2,220 1,206 694 2,720 208 1,747 2,111 371 2,329 1,825 2,369 2,302 930 5,221 1,701 178 1,774 1,685 2,064 1,766 3,866 709 267 1,265 2,082 2,108 6,059 24,022 32S 506 517 261 286 332 317 667 331 461 998 64S 574 416 461 211 860 POPULATION. 1910 10,604 9,715 13,664 24,946 6,041 32,830 9,313 6,864 34,162 20,372 7,757 1,141,990 10.920 6,831 7,937 36, 690 16, 104 6,765 26, 115 7,042 12,661 9,227 4,800 6,153 4,199 8,698 4,704 8,337 284,638 17,647 18,661 10, 180 32,127 17,639 5,166 12,887 12,632 120,812 3,603 29,241 2,887 69,209 139, 404 25,297 17,681 3,285 31,931 49, 611 33,280 41,709 1,221,119 15,868 21,999 10,331 23,023 11,098 46,685 11,258 10,233 12,672 51,903 11,379 7,838 24,833 11,694 10,465 9,163 48,381 20, 966 16,889 81, 457 1900 7,289 8,469 12,082 23,384 8,837 4,888 28,996 9,243 6,161 19,663 20,437 7,482 518,103 4,840 3,366 16, 124 3,931 5,603 13,419 7,128 7,877 4,926 4,562 486 3,918 1,870 6,712 110,053 6,767 9,704 6,407 15,157 11, %9 3,810 4,689 5,983 55,515 2,928 14,272 1,688 23,950 57,642 10,643 9,927 2,819 18,680 24, 116 25,360 13, 462 968,800 Hardy Harrison Jackson Jefferson Eanawha 1 For changes in boundaries, etc., of coxinties, see page 53. ' State total includes population (7,842) oJ Indian reservations specially enu- merated in 1890, not distributed by counties. ' See headnote to table, page 32. 14,198 19,469 8,194 18,904 7,219 29,252 10,266 8,248 13,689 31,987 11.762 7,275 20,683 11,806 6,693 8,449 27,690 22,987 15,935 64,696 1890 6,975 8,256 11,100 19,899 8,280 6,680 26,118 5,196 9,346 18,019 7,696 2367,232 2,098 1,680 9,249 2,771 11,709 6,709 6,917 3,161 3,897 "'"i,'787' 8,368 63,989 4,624 8,777 6,167 11, 499 9,312 2,826 1,467 4,368 60,940 2,072 8,747 774 8,514 37,487 4,341 9,675 2,626 12,224 18,691 19,109 4,429 762,794 12,702 18,702 6,885 13,928 6,660 23,695 8.155 4,669 12,183 20, 542 9.746 6,802 18,034 11,419 6,414 7,567 21,919 19,021 16,563 42,756 PEB CENT OF INCEEA3E. 1900- 1910 45.6 14.7 13.1 6.7 -2.8 23.6 13.2 0.8 13.6 73.8 -0.3 3.7 120.4 125.6 73.2 135.3 284.2 20.6 94.6 -1.2 69.5 87.3 5.2 960.3 7.2 151.6 46.0 isae 160.8 91.3 5a9 112.0 46.5 36.3 174.8 109.5 117.6 23.1 104.9 71.0 147.2 142.3 139.9 77.1 16.5 70.9 106.3 31.2 209.8 27.4 11.7 13.0 26.1 21.8 53.7 69.6 9.7 24.1 -7.4 62.3 -a 3 7.7 20.1 -0.9 66.4 &5 74.7 -8 8 -0.3 48.9 1890- 1900 4.5 2.6 8.8 17.6 6.7 -26.6 11.0 10.0 -0.7 110.3 13.4 -1.6 46.0 130.7 113.0 »61.4 »87.2 14.6 6.2 33.1 55.8 -30.2 0.5 46 s-32 2 '71.8 '43.3 10.6 24.0 31.8 28.5 34.8 '170.3 37.3 9.0 41.3 '60.0 118.1 '175.8 53.6 '129.3 26 11.6 62.8 '27.8 32.7 '163.8 11.8 4.1 19.0 35.7 8.4 24 26.9 77.0 12.4 56.7 20.7 7.0 14.7 3.4 4.3 11.7 26.3 20.9 2.6 27.9 WEST VIRGINIA —Con. Lewis Lincoln Logan' McDowell Marion Marshall. Mason — Mercer... Mineral.. Mingo'... Monongalia. Monroe Morgan Nicholas Ohio Pendleton... Pleasants... Pocahontas. Preston Putnam Raleigh Eandolph.. Ritchie Roane Summers.. Taylor.. Tucker.. Tyler. . . Upshur. Wayne.. Webster... Wetzel Wirt Wood Wyoming. WISCONSIN . Adams Ashland'. Barron Bayfield.. Brown Buffalo..., Burnett Calumet... Chippewa', Clark Columbia. Crawford.. Dane Dodge Door Douglas Dunn Eau Claire Florence Fond du Lac. Forest ' Grant Green Green Lake. Iowa Iron ' Jackson . . Jefferson . Juneau... Kenosha. Kewaunee. La Crosse.. Lafayette.. Langlade.. Lincoln Land area in square miles: 1910 393 418 438 633 315 310 476 419 349 416 368 457 233 680 107 699 132 904 650 336 697 1,036 453 522 369 175 405 260 361 617 583 367 218 364 502 66,266 684 1,082 885 1,503 529 687 860 324 1,039 1,218 778 579 1,202 897 469 1,337 869 638 497 726 1,400 1,169 693 360 781 792 990 562 802 282 337 481 642 875 902 602 1,554 1,416 467 236 POPULATION. 1910 18,281 20,491 14,476 47,866 42,794 32,388 23,019 38,371 10,674 19,431 24,334 13,065 7,848 17,699 67,672 9,349 8,074 14, 740 26,341 18,587 25,633 26,028 17,875 21,643 18,420 12,436 17,670 18,901 19.852 16,265 16,564 18,675 16,211 16,629 24,081 14,978 13,433 18,252 14,696 23,619 9,680 23,855 9,047 38,001 10,392 8,862 22,880 10,284 34,452 8,380 2,333,860 8,604 21,965 29,114 15,987 54,098 16,006 9,026 16,701 32, 103 30,074 31,129 16,288 77,435 47,436 18,711 47,422 25, 260 32, 721 3,381 51, 610 6,782 39,007 21, 641 16, 491 22,497 8,306 17,075 34,306 19,669 32, 929 16,784 43,996 20, 075 17,062 19,064 44,978 65,054 33,812 10,741 433, 187 Manitowoc Marathon Marinette Marquette Milwaukee * State total includes population (6,460) of Indian reservations specially enu- merated in 1890, not distributed by counties. * Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. 1900 16,980 16,434 6,956 18,747 32,430 26,444 24,142 23,023 12, 883 11,359 19,049 13,130 7,294 11,403 48,024 9,167 9,346 8,672 22,727 17,330 2,069,042 9,141 • 20,176 23,677 14,392 46,359 16,765 7,478 17,078 33,037 26,848 31,121 17,286 69, 435 46, 631 17,683 36,335 26,043 31,692 3,197 47,589 1,396 38,881 22,719 16,797 23,114 6,616 17,466 34, 789 20,629 21, 707 17,212 42,997 20, 959 12,653 16,269 42,261 43,256 30,822 10, 509 330, 017 1890 15, 896 11,246 11,101 7,300 20,721 20,735 22,863 16,002 12,085 16, 705 12,429 6,744 9,309 41,567 8,711 7,639 6,814 20,355 14,342 9,597 11,633 16,621 15,303 13,117 12,147 6,459 11,962 12,714 18,652 4,783 16,841 9,411 28,612 6,247 < 1,693,830 6,889 20,063 15,416 7,390 39,164 15,997 4,393 16,639 26, 143 17,708 28,360 15,987 59, 678 44,984 15,682 13,468 22, 664 30,673 2,604 44,088 1,012 36, 651 22,732 16, 163 22,117 15, 797 33,630 17, 121 16,681 16,163 38,801 20,265 9,465 12,008 37,831 30,369 20, 304 9,676 236, 101 PEE CENT OF INCEEASE. 1900- 1910 7.7 32.8 108.1 155.3 32.0 22.5 -4.7 66.7 29.4 71.1 27.7 -0.6 7.6 66.2 19.9 2.0 -13.6 72.0 16.9 7.3 106.1 47.3 -6.4 &5 ia2 10.5 39.0 -11.2 13.2 2.0 9.2 43 -12.0 10.3 24 12.8 -6.9 8.9 23.0 11.1 16.7 -45 20.7 -2.2 -2.8 16.3 (») -5.8 11.5 1.7 6.4 30.5 0.9 3.2 5.8 8.4 386.8 0.3 -47 -1.9 -2.7 26.5 -2.2 -1.4 -5.1 51.7 -2.5 2.3 -4 2 35.9 17.2 6.4 27.3 9.7 2.2 31.3 1890- 190O 6,8 37.2 -37.3 1.^6. 8 66.6 27.5 6.6 43.9 6.6 21.3 5.6 8.2 22.5 15.6 5.2 24 25.8 11.7 20.8 29.6 51.9 13.7 29.7 240 23.3 loao 52.6 16.6 26.6 85.3 36.9 9.3 20.4 341 32.7 '—2.6 63.6 '89.4 '16.6 48 70.2 2.6 31.4 46.0 9.8 8.1 16.5 3.7 12.1 169.8 10.5 3.3 22.8 7.9 37.9 6.1 -0.1 42 4 5 10.6 3.8 20.5 39.3 6.6 10.8 3.4 32.6 35.5 11.7 42.4 51.8 8.6 39.8 52 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. AREA AND POPULATION OP COUNTIES ANB EQUIVALENT SUBDIVISIONS IN THE UNITED STATES: 1910, 1900, AND 1890— Continued. [Per cent not sliown wliere base Is leas than 100. A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease.] Table 13— Con. COUNTY. WISCONSIN Con. Monroe Oconto Oneida! Outagamie Ozaukee Pepin Pierce Pott Portage Price Racine Richland Rock Rusk» St. Croix Sauk Sawyer Shawano Sheboygan Taylor Trempealeau Vernon Vilas2 Land area in square miles: 1910 937 1,118 901 646 233 236 563 935 812 1,279 324 590 716 925 735 842 1,320 1,158 521 991 748 821 833 POPULATION. 1910 28,881 25,657 11,433 49,102 17,123 7,577 22,079 21,367 30, 945 13,795 57,424 18,809 55,538 11,160 25,910 32,869 6,227 31,884 54,888 13,641 22,928 28,116 6,019 28,103 20,874 8,875 46,247 16,363 7,905 23,943 17,801 29,483 9,106 45,644 19,483 51,203 26,830 33,006 3,593 27,475 50,345 11,262 23,114 28, .351 4,929 1890 23,211 15,009 5,010 38,690 14, 943 6,932 20,385 12,968 24,798 5,258 36,268 19, 121 43,220 23, 139 30,575 1,977 19,236 42,489 6,731 18,920 25,111 PER CENT OF INCREASE. 1900- 1910 2.8 22.9 28.8 6.2 4.6 -4.1 -7.8 20.0 5.0 51.5 25.8 -3.5 8.5 -0.4 73.3 16.0 9.0 21.1 -0.8 -0.8 22.1 1890- 1900 21.1 137.5 77.1 116.9 9.5 14.0 17.5 37.3 18.9 73.2 25.9 1.9 18.5 16.0 8.0 137.6 134.4 18.5 67.3 22.2 12.9 WISCONSIIT- Con. Walworth Washburn Washington Waukesha Waupaca Waushara Winnebago Wood WYOMING... Albany Bighorn' Carbona Converse Crook2 Fremont' Johnson' Laramie Natrona' Park' Sheridan Sweetwater Uinta Weston' Yellowstone Nat.Pk.* Land area in square miles: 1910 560 835 431 549 759 646 459 809 97,591 4,401 6,768 8,029 6,740 6,441 12,659 4,175 6,992 5,353 6,420 2,575 10,500 11,044 4,593 2,904 POPULATION. 1910 29,614 8,196 23,784 37,100 32,782 18,886 62,116 30,583 145,965 11,574 8.886 li;282 6,294 6,492 11,822 3,463 26, 127 4,766 4,909 16,324 11,575 16,982 4,960 519 1900 29,2.59 5,521 23,589 35,229 31,615 15,972 58,226 25,865 92,531 13,084 4,328 9,589 3,337 3,137 5,357 2,361 20,181 1,785 5,122 8,455 12,223 3,203 1890 27,860 2,926 22,751 33,270 26,794 13,607 50,097 18, 127 1 62,555 6,857 2,738 2,338 2,463 2,357 16,777 1,094 1,972 4,941 7,414 2,422 467 PER CENT OF INCREASE. 190O- 1910 1.2 48.5 0.8 5.3 3.7 18.2 6.7 18.2 67.7 -11.5 105.3 17.7 88.6 106.9 120.7 46.3 29.5 167.0 218.7 54.9 40.7 1890- 1900 S.0 88.7 3.7 5.9 18.0 18.2 16.2 42.7 47.9 47.6 39.8 21.9 34.2 137.9 0.2 20.3 63.3 159.7 71.1 64.9 32.2 -21.0 1 See headnote to table, page 32. 1 Geographically located within the limits ot Wyoming, Idaho, and Montana; ' For changes in bound^ies, etc., of counties, see page 53. total population returned in Wyoming. ' State total includes population (1,850) of Indian reserratlons specially enumerated in 1890, not distributed by counties. AREA AND POPULATION OF SUBDIVISIONS OF ALASKA IN 1910, HAWAII IN 1910, 1900, AND 1890, AND PORTO RICO IN 1910 AND 1899. [A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease.] Table 14 RECORDER'S DISTRICT. 1910 RECORDER'S DISTRICT. 1910 RECORDER'S DISTRICT. 1910 ALASKA ' (area ta sq. miles, 590,884) . . 64,356 ALASKA— Continued. 20,078 ALASKA— Continued. 15,216 16,711 Chandalar district 5,854 3,620 2,210 1,980 1,652 12,351 1,083 .4,502 677 553 623 1,692 2,448 19 103 210 1,303 4,816 368 Ketchikan district Bristol Bay district Sitka district Cook Inlet district Eagle district 543 Skagway district Copper Center district ... FairhanlfS riistrint 7,675 868 Wrangell district. Second Judicial District Kayak district Hot Springs district.. . . 372 68 3,924 686 543 308 2,201 11,711 2,262 1,007 293 1,127 2,U5 Kodlak district Council City district Kuskokwim district (part of) Kuskokwim district (pMt of) 491 [For total, see judicial district 2.] [For total, see jud&ial district 2".] Kuskoijwim district (part of) . Prince William Sound district Ntdato district. T 785 T^Aalior Kuakokimnt district injudi- Unga Peninsula district Ophir district 562 Otterdistriot Noat^-Kobiik district Rampart district 370 St. ifichael district (part of) 1,128 St. Lawrence Island district [For total, see juaicial (Ustrict 2.] Tanana district St. Michael district (part ot) Total for St. Michael district injudi- 430 1 The poimlation of Alaska in 1900 was 63,592 and in 1890, 32,052; from 1900 to 1910 the increase was 764, or 1.2 per cent; from 1890 to 1900 it was 31,540, or 98.4 per cent. Table 14— Continued. COUNTT, Land area in square miles: 1910 POPULATION. PER CENT OF INCREASE. 1910 1900 1890 190O- 1910 1890- 1900 HAWAHi • 6,449 191,909 164,001 '89,990 24.6 71.1 TTawaII 1 4,015 600 11 641 1,182 65,382 82,028 785 23,952 29,762 46,843 58,504 1,177 20,734 26,743 26,754 31,194 18.2 40.2 -33.3 15.6 11.3 76 1 87.5 11,859 "20,183 74.8 32.6 jfguJ 1 1 County organization went Into effect in 1905; comparison (or 1890 and 1900 made froinpopulatlon of Island groups. • Figures derived from the census taken as of Dec. 28, 1890, under the direction of the Hawaiian Government. > Includes population, not returned separately, of territory taken to form Kalawao County in 1906. POPULATION OF COUNTIES. 53 AREA AND POPULATION OF SUBDIVISIONS OF ALASKA IN 1910, HAWAII IN 1910, 1900, AND 1890, AND PORTO EICO IN 1910 AND 1899— Continued. [A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease.] Table 14— Continued. MUOTCIPAL DISTRICT. POPULATION. Percent of increase: 1899- 1910 MUNICIPAL DISTKICT. POPULATION. Per cent of increase: 1899- 1910 MUNICIPAL DISTKICT. POPULATION. Percent of Increase: 1910 1899 1910 1899 1910 1899 1899- 1910 POKTO EICO (area, sq. miles, 3,435) .... 1,118,013 953,243 17.8 PORTO EICO— Con. Culebra i 1,316 4,885 21,135 17,379 10,354 11,139 10,630 26,678 16,852 29,157 11,692 11,071 22,660 10,046 13,317 17,240 7,158 7,106 42,429 13, 640 12,446 14,365 8,876 704 3,804 16,782 12,749 9,640 8,700 10,449 22,916 14,888 27,896 8,429 8,789 20,883 11,279 12,522 13,989 8,312 6,221 38,915 12, 410 11,309 10,873 8,101 86.8 284 25.9 36.3 8.5 28.0 1.7 16.4 13.2 4.6 38.7 26.0 8.5 -10 9 6.3 2a2 -13.9 14 2 9.0 9.9 10.1 32.1 9.6 POETO EICO- Gon. Patlllas 14,448 11,991 63,444 8,152 7,275 13,948 18,880 11,523 11,403 22,143 48,716 14,278 18,904 6,959 9,127 6,254 6,345 41,054 8,134 12,831 10,425 17,338 31,504 11,163 12,129 65,477 7,432 6,641 12,365 13, 760 10,560 5,731 20,246 32,048 13,433 16,412 4,858 7,908 4,030 5,683 43,860 6,107 10,305 2 5,938 13,905 27, 119 29 4 16,954 11,687 21,419 8,292 10,815 14,407 42,429 6,940 11,644 10,503 15,028 29,986 19,562 27,160 11,342 15,327 17,711 18,398 10,595 17,129 11,170 12,978 19,484 10,581 17,830 7,977 8,596 13,311 36,910 4,867 9,357 8,103 14,845 19,940 16,154 19,857 10,887 11,965 14,442 18.115 7,552 15,144 8.249 11,508 -lao 9.5 20.1 3.9 25.8 8.2 15.0 42.6 24.4 29.6 1.2 50.4 21.1 36.8 4.2 2ai 22.6 1.6 40.3 13.1 35.4 12.8 -1.1 Aguada .. Fajardo Ponce 14.4 Aguadllla rrnfl.yn.Tna Quebradillas 9.7 9.5 Aibonito Eio Grande 12.8 Hatillo . . . Eio Piedras 37.2 Sabana Grande Salinas 9.1 99.0 9.4 Barranqultas ,Tnn(>.OR San Juan 62.0 6.3 Bayamon Lares San Sebastian 15.2 43.2 Caguas Loiza Toa Alta 15.4 Manatl Toa Baja 55.2 TrujUlo Alto 11.6 -6.4 Ciales Mavaeruez i Vega Alta 33.2 Cidra... Moca .. 24.5 Vieques ' 75.6 247 Corozal . Yauco 16.2 ' For changes in boundaries, etc., of municipalities, see note below. ' Excludes population (704) of the island of Culebra, organized as Municipality of Culebra since 1899. NOTES EEGAEDIITG CHANGES IN COTJNTT BOnNSARIES. Alabama — 1900-1910: Organized, Houston; gain in area, Cullman; loss in area, Blount, Dale, Geneva, Henry: both gain and loss, Calhoun, Cleburne. 1890-1900: Gain in area, Clay, Franklin, Walker; loss in area, Jefferson, Lawrence, Talladega; both gain and loss, Colbert. Antuaifi.— 1890-1900: Organized, Coconino, Navajo, Santa Cruz; loss in area, Apache, Pima, Yavapai. Arkansas— ISOO-iSlO; Gain in area, Lafayette, I/Ogan, Mississippi, Sebastian; loss in area, Columbia, Scott. 1890-1900: Gain in area. Clay, Crawford, Sevier; loss In area, Franlslin, Greene, Howard. CALVfotiNiK— 1000-1910: Organized, Imperial; gain in area, Kings; loss in area, Fresno, San Diego. 1890-1900: Organized, Glenn, Kings, Madera, Eiverside; loss in area, Colusa, Fresno, San Bernardmo, San Diego, Tulare. Colorado — 1900-1910: Organized, Adams, Denver, Jackson; gain in area. Park, Washington, Yuma; loss in area, Arapahoe, Denver, Jefferson, Larimer; both gain and loss, Adams. 1890-1900: Organized, Mineral, Teller; loss in area, Chaffee, El Paso, Hinsdale, Rio Grande, Saguache; both gain and loss, Fremont. Florida- J900-i910.- Organized, Pahu Beach, St. Lucie; loss in area, Brevard, Dade. 1890-1900: Gain in area, Polk; loss in area, Pasco. Georgia— iSOO-fS/ft- Organized, Ben Hill, Crisp, Grady, Jeff Davis, Jenkins, Stephens, Tift, Toombs, Turner; ^in in area, Clarke, Fulton; loss in area, Appling, Berrien, Bulloch, Burke, Clayton, Coffee, Decatur, Dooly, Emanuel, Franklin, Habersham, Irwin, Montgomery, Oglethorpe, Screven, Tattnall, Thomas, Wilcox, Worth. Idaho— i900-19f0.' Organized, Boimer, Twin Falls; gain in area, Fremont, Nez Perce; loss in area, Bingham, Cassia, Kootenai, Shoshone. 1890-1900: Organized, Baimock, Blaine, Canyon, Fremont, Lincoln; loss in area, Ada, Bingham, Lemhi. KANSiS— 1890-1900: Gain in area, Finney. Kentucky— 1890-J900.- Gain in area, Powell; loss in area, Estill. Louisiana — 1900-1910: Organized, La Salle; less in area, Catahoula. Massachusetts- i900-1910.' Gain in area, Hampden, Norfolk; loss in area, Hampshire; both gain and loss, Middlesex, Suffolk. Michigan — 1890-1900: Organized, Dickinson; gain in area, Emmet, Keweenaw, Leelanau; loss in area, Marquette, Menominee; both gain and loss, Charlevoix, Iron. Minnesota— JSOO-iSfO.- Organized, Clearwater, Koochiching, Mahnomen, Pen- nington; loss in area, Beltrami, Itasca, Norman, Red Lake. 1890-1900: Organized, Eed Lake, Roseau; gain in area. Crow Wing, Hubbard; loss in area, Cass, Kittson, Polk. Mississippi— ISOO-JSIO.- Organized, Forrest, George, Jefferson Davis, Lamar; loss in area, Covington, Greene, Hancock, Jackson, Lawrence, Marion, Perry; both gain and loss, Pearl Elver. 1890-1900: Organized, Pearl Eiver; loss m area, Hancock, Marion. Montana— 1900-19/0.- Organized, Lincoln, Powell, Eosebud, Sanders; loss in area, Custer, Flathead, Missoula, Silver Bow; both gain and loss. Deer Lodge. 1890-1900: Orgamzed, Broadwater, Carbon, Flathead, Granite, Eavalli, Sweet Grass, Teton, Valley; gain in area. Cascade, Flathead, Lewis and Clark; loss in area, Chouteau, Dawson, Deer Lodge, Jefferson, Meagher, Missoula, Park, Yellowstone. Nebraska — 1900-1910: Organized, Garden, Morrill; gain in area, Dakota; loss in area, Cheyenne, Deuel. 1890-1900: Orgamzed, Boyd; gain in area, McPherson. Nevada— 1900-1910.- Organized, Clark; loss in area, Lincoln. NSiW Jersey- 1S90-1900.- Gain in area. Ocean; loss in area, Burlington. New Mexico— 1900-1910.- Organized,Curry,Guadalupe, LunaJiIcKinley, Quay, Eoosevelt, Sandoval, Torrance; loss in area, Bernalillo, Chaves, Dona Ana, Grant, Guadalupe (old), Lincoln, Quay, Eoosevelt, San Juan, San Miguel, Santa Fe, Socorro, TJnion, Valencia; both gam and loss, Eio Arriba. 1890-1900: Organized, Chaves, Eddy, Guadalupe (old) , Otero, Union; gain in area, Bernalillo; loss in area, Colfax, Dona Ana, Lincohi, Mora, San Miguel, Santa Fe, Socorro. New York— 1890-1900.- Organized, Nassau; gain in area. New York; loss in area. Queens, Westchester. North Carolina— 1900-1910.- Organized, Lee, Scotland; loss in area, Chatham, Moore, Eichmond. North Dakota— 1900-1910.- Organized, Adams, Bowman, Burke, Divide, Dunn, Hettipgcr, McKenzie, Mountrail, Renville, Sheridan; loss in area, Billings, McLean, Mercer, Stark, Ward, Williams. 1890-1900: Organized, Williams; gahi in area, Bill- ings, Bottineau, McHenry, McLean, Mercer, Pierce, Stark, Ward; loss in area, Dunn, Hettinger, Eenville, Sheridan, Williams. Oklahoma — Most of the counties were organized in 1907. Among the few existing in 1890 there was no change till after 1900. There has been no later change in Cleveland, Kingfisher, Logan, and Oklahoma, but since 1900 Canadian has gained in area, Beaver and Payne have lost, while Greer has had both gains and losses. The counties organized between 1890 and 1900 were formed from Indian reserva- tions. Ofthesecounties the following remain unchanged: Dewey, Garfield, Grant, Lincolru and Pottawatomie; there has been a gain in area in Blaine, Custer, Kay, Noble, Pawnee, and Washita, and both gains and losses in Roger Mills, Woods, and Woodward. For coinparison of the special enumeration of 1907 with that of 1910 it may be noted that Harmon was organized in 1909; there was a loss of area In Beckham and both gain and loss la Greer. Oregon — 1900-1910: Organized, Hood River; gain in area. Baker; loss in area. Union, Wasco. 1890-1900: Organized, Lincoln, Wheeler; gain in area, Sherman, Wallowa; loss in area, Benton, Crook, Gilliam, Grant, Tillamook, Union, Wasco. South Carolina — 1900-1910: Organized, Calhoun, Dillon, Lee; gain in area, Florence, Newberry; loss in area, Berkeley, Darlington, Kershaw, Lexingfun, Marion, Sumter, Williamsburg; both gain and loss, Orangeburg. 1890-1900: Organ- ized, Bamberg, Cherokee, Dorchester, Greenwood, Saluda: gain in area, Charleston, Florence; loss in area, Abbeville, Barnwell, Berkeley, Colleton, Darlington, Edge- field, Spartanburg, Union, York. South Dakota— 1900-1910.- Organized, Coison, Harding, Perkins, Tripp; loss in area, Butte, Union; formed, Bennett, Mellette, Todd. 1890-1900: Gain m area, Butte, Gregory, Lyman, Meade, Pennington, Stanley. Tennessee— 1900-1910.- Gain in area. Perry; loss in area, Lauderdale, Wayne. 1890-1900: Gain in area, Lewis; loss in area, Hickman, Wayne. Texas — 1900-1910: Organized, Andrews, Dawson, Gaines, Garza, Gray, Hutchin- son, Lamb, Lynn, Parmer, Reagan, Schleicher, Terrell, Terry, Upton, Winkler, Yoakum; loss in area, Pecos, Tom Green. 1890-1900: Organized, Foard, Sterling; gain in area, Brewster, Webb; loss in area, Hardeman, Knox, Tom Green. Vtis— 1900-1910: Gain in area, Sevier; loss in area, Piute. 1890-1900: Orgamzed, Carbon, Grand, Wayne; gain in area, Garfield, Utah; loss in area, Emery, Kane, Piute, Sanpete. Vermont — 1890-1900: Gain in area, Caledonia; loss in area, Washington. Virginia— 1900-1910.- Organized and made independent of county, CUfton Forge city; gain in area, Danville city, Lyrichburg city, Norfolk city, Portsmouth city, Richmond city, Staunton city; loss in area, Alleghany, Augusta, Campbell, Hen- rico, Manchester city, Norfolk, Pittsylvania. 1890-1900: Organized and made inde- pendent of county, Buena Vista city, Newport News city, Radford city; gain in area, Danville city, Portsmouth city, Roanoke city; loss In area, Montgomery, Norlolk, Pittsylvania, Roanoke, Eockbridge, Warwick. Washington— 1900-1910.- Organized, Benton, Grant; loss in area, Donglas, Klickitat, Yakima. 1890-1900: Orgamzed, Chelan, Ferry; loss in area, Kittitas, Okanogan, Stevens. West Virginia — 1890-1900: Organized, Mingo; loss in area, Logan. Wisconsin— 1900-1910.- Organized, Eusk; gain in area, Oneida; loss in area, Chippewa, Forest; both gain and loss, Vilas. 1890-1900: Organized, Iron, Vilas; loss in area, Ashland, Forest; both gain and loss, Oneida. Wyoming — 1900-1910: Organized, Park; loss in area. Bighorn. 1890-1900: Organ- ized, Bighorn, Natrona, Weston; loss in area, Carbon, Crook, Fremont, Johnson. Porto Rico — 1899-1910: MunicipaUty organized, Culebra; gain in area, Humacao, Mayaguez; loss in area, Vieques. 54 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. URBAN AND RURAL POPULATION. The Census Bureau classifies as urban population that residing in cities and other incorporated places of 2,500 inhabitants or more, including New England towns of that population. In most sections of the country all or practically all densely populated areas of this size are set off from rural territory and incor- porated as municipahties (variously known as cities, towns, villages, boroughs, etc.). In New England, however, this is often not the case. Many of the towns consist in part of distinctly rural territory and in part of densely populated areas which are not incorporated separately and for which it is impossible to make sepa- rate population returns. For this reason it has been necessary in the New England states to include with the urban population residing in incorporated cities the population also of all towns having 2,500 inhabit- ants or more. The urban areas in New England, as classified by the census, therefore, include some popu- lation which, in other sections of the United States, would be segregated as rural. Urban population being thus defined^ the remain- der of the country is classed as rural, consisting (except in New England) of all unincorporated terri- tory and of incorporated places of less than 2,500 inhabitants. The comparisons of the urban and rural population in 1910 with that at earlier enumerations may be made either with respect to the varying proportions of the two classes at successive enumerations or with respect to the increase between enumerations. In order to contrast the proportion of the total population living in urban or rural territory at the census of 1910 with the proportion urban or rural at the preceding census, it is necessary to classify the territory according to the conditions as they existed at each census. In this comparison a place having less than 2,500 inhabit- ants in 1900 and over 2,500 in 1910 is classed with the rural territory for 1900 and with the urban for 1910. On the other hand, in order to present fairly the contrast between urban and rural communities, as regards their rate of growth, it is necessary to con- sider the changes in population which have occurred from one decennial census to another in exactly the same territory. PEE CENT URBAN IN TOTAL POPULATION, BY STATES: 1910. Proportion urban and rural. — The proportion of the total population living in urban and in rural territory at the censuses of 1910, 1900, 1890, and 1880, respec- tively, for the United States as a whole, is shown in Table 15, on the opposite page. This table shows a steady and rapid increase in the proportion of urban population. While the in- crease in the percentage of urban population from 1900 to 1910 was appreciably greater than from 1890 to 1900, it was not so great as from 1880 to 1890. URBAN AND RURAL POPULATION. 55 Table 15 CLASS. POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES. 1910 1900 1890 1880 Total, number . . . Urban 91,972,266 42,623,383 49,348,883 100.0 46.3 53.7 76,994,678 30,797,185 45,lS7,390 100.0 40.5 59.5 63,947,714 22,720,223 40,227,491 100.0 36.1 63.9 60,166,783 14,772,438 36,383,345 100.0 29.5 70.5 Rural Total, per cent. . . Urban Eural The map on page 54 shows the percentage of urban population in 1910 for each of the states. Table 18 (p. 56) shows, by divisions and states, urban and rural population, and the per cent urban and rural, at the censuses of 1910, 1900, and 1890, re- spectively. As shown by this table, the proportions of the total population living in urban and rural ter- ritory vary greatly in different sections of the country. In the New England division more than four-fifths of the population in 1910 lived in urban territory, as defined by the Census Bureau. Were it possible to de- termine the urban population in this division on the same basis as for the rest of the country, the proportion would probably be somewhat less than three-fourths. Urban population constituted more than seven-tenths of the total in the Middle Atlantic division and more than one-half in the East North Central and Pacific divisions. The lowest proportion of urban population is found in the South — 25.4 per cent in the South Atlantic division, 18.7 in the East South Central, and 22.3 in the "West South Central. In the North (comprising the first four geographic divisions) the urban population numbered 32,669,705, and the rural 23,087,410, the per cent urban being 58.6. In the South (comprising the next three divi- sions) the urban population was 6,623,838, and the ru- ral 22,765,492, the proportion urban being 22.5 per cent. In the West (comprising the last two divisions), with 3,229,840 urban and 3,495,981 rural, the per- centage urban was 48.8. In each of the nine geographic divisions the pro- portion of the population living in urban communities was larger in 1910 than in 1900, and larger in 1900 than in 1890. The proportion increased with excep- tional rapidity from 1900 to 1910 in the Pacific division, where cities have shown a remarkable growth. The per cent distribution of the total, urban, and rural population, respectively, of the United States in 1910 among the geographic divisions is as follows: Table 16 United States New England Middle Atlantic East North Central. . West North Central.. South Atlantic East South Central. . . West South Central.. Mountain Paoiflo PEK CENT OF TOTAL. Total. Urban. Eural. 100.0 7.1 21.0 19.8 12.7 13.3 9.1 9.6 2.9 4.6 100.0 12.8 32.2 22.6 9.1 7.3 3.7 4.6 2.2 6.6 lOO.O 2.2 11.3 17.5 16.7 18.4 13.9 13 8 3 4 3.7 Increase in urban and rural population. — In order to compare the rate of growth in urban and rural com- munities, it is necessary in each case, as previously explained, to consider the changes in population which have occurred in the same territory froA one decennial census to another. For this purpose communities are classed as urban or rural according to their population in 1910, and the population of the places as thus clas- sified is then determined for 1900 for purposes of comparison. The increase from 1900 to 1910 in urban and rural population on this basis is shown, for the United States, in the following table : Table 17 POPULATION IN INCREASE : 1900-1910 1910 1900 Number. Per cent. Total population 91,972,288 42,623,383 49, 348, 883 76,994,675 31,609,645 44,384,930 16,977,691 11.013,738 4,963,953 21.0 Urban territory in 1910 34.8 11.2 The rate of increase for the population of urban areas was over three times that for the population living in rural territory. Of the total increase in the population of the United States during the past decade (15,977,691), seven-tenths was in urban territory and only three- tenths in rural territory. Table 19 (p. 57) shows, by divisions and states, the aggregate population in 1910 and 1900 of the territory which is classed as urban and rural in 1910, and the increase or decrease during the decade. (See also maps on page 58.) The largest percentages of increase in urban popu- lation between 1900 and 1910 were reported for the Pacific, West South Central, and Mountain divisions, in the order named, these percentages being 101.8, 68.5, and 64.7, respectively. These same divisions also showed higher rates of increase in rural population than any of the others, though the increase in rural population was much less rapid than that in urban population, being for these divisions 46.4, 27.1, and 53.4 per cent, respectively. The New England di- vision, on the other hand, showed the smallest percent- age of increase in urban population, namely, 21.5 per cent. For this division there was a shght de- crease in rural population during the last decade. The five other geographic divisions differed little from one another in the percentages of increase in urban population, the rates ranging from 28.2 per cent for the West North Central division to 33.1 per cent for the Middle Atlantic division. They showed greater contrasts in the growth of rural population. In the South Atlantic division the increase in rural popula- tion was 12.3 per cent; in the Middle Atlantic, West North Central, and East South Central divisions it was between 5 and 10 per cent, and in the East North Central division there was a slight decrease in rural population. 56 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. URBAN AND RURAL POPULATION. BY DIVISIONS AND STATES: 1910, 1900, AND 1890. Table 18 DZVISION AND STATE. 1910 Urban population. ■ Rural population. 1900 Urban population. Rural population. 1890 Urban population. Rural population. 1910 Perot, urban. Per ct. rural. 1900 Perot, urban. Per ct. rural. 1890 Per ct. urban. Per ct. rural. TTnited States GEOGBAPmc divisions: New England Middle Atl^tio East North Central. . West Nortli Central . South Atlantic East South Central . . West South Central. Mountain Pacific New England: Maine New Hampshire Vermont Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut MmDLB Atlantic: New York New Jersey Pennsylvania East Nobth CEntkal: Ohio Indiana Illinois Michigan Wisconsin West North Centkal: Minnesota Iowa Missouri North Dakota South Dakota Nebraska Kansas South Atlantic: Delaware Maryland District of Columbia. . Virginia West Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Florida East South Central: Kentucky Tennessee Alabama Mississippi WEST South Central: Arkansas Louisiana Oklahoma" Texas Mountain: Montana Idaho Wyoming Colorado New Mexico Arizona Utah Nevada Pacific: Washington Oregon Call/omla 12,623,383 5,465,345 13,723,373 9,617,271 3,873,716 3,092,153 1,574,229 1,957,456 947,511 2,382,329 381,443 265,099 168,943 3,125,367 524,654 7,185,494 1,907,210 4,630,669 2,665,143 1,143,835 3,476,929 1,327,044 1,004,320 850,294 680,054 1,398,817 63,236 76,673 310,852 493,790 97,085 658,192 331,069 476,529 228,242 318,474 224,832 538,650 219,080 555,442 441,045 370,431 207,311 202,681 496,516 320, 165 938,104 133,420 69,898 43,221 404,840 46,571 63,260 172,934 13,367 605,530 307,060 1,469,739 49,348,883 1,097,336 5,592,519 8,633,350 7,764,205 9,102,742 6,836,672 6,827,078 1,686,006 1,809,975 30,797,185 4,470,179 10,075,883 7,219,976 2,946,644 2,232,632 1,131,056 1,057,197 541,363 1,122,366 46,197,390 1,121,838 5,378,795 8,765,606 7,400,879 8,210,848 6,416,701 5,475,093 1,133,294 1,294,336 22,720,223 3,661,763 7,333,772 5,097,181 2,308,819 1,728,019 817,308 715,999 366,627 801,735 175,473 187,013 241,049 17,956 114,917 1,928,120 629,957 3,034,442 2,101,978 1,567,041 2,161,662 1,483,129 1,329,640 1,225,414 1,644,717 1,894,518 613,820 607,215 881,362 1,197,159 105,237 637, 154 1,686,083 992,877 1,887,813 1,290,568 2,070,471 1,734,463 1,743,744 1,767,662 1,689,803 1,371,768 1,159,872 1,337,000 2,968,438 242,633 255,696 102,744 394,184 280,730 141,094 200,417 68,508 536,460 365,705 907,810 337,390 226,269 139,180 2,567,098 407,647 792,595 5,298,111 1,329,162 3,448,610 .1,998,382 862,689 2,616,368 952,323 790,213 598,100 572,386 1,128,104 23,413 40,936 262,702 330,903 86,717 591,206 278,718 340,067 125,465 186,790 171,256 346,382 107,031 467,'668 326,639 216,714 120,035 111,733 366,288 68,417 520,769 84,554 10,003 26,657 260,651 27,381 19,496 105,427 7,195 211,477 133,180 777,699 367,076 186,319 204,461 238,248 20,909 115,825 1,970,783 564,607 2,863,605 2, 159, 163 1,653,773 2,205,182 1,468,669 1,278,829 1,153,294 1,659,467 1,978,661 296,733 360,634 813,598 1,139,592 99,018 1,514,117 833,335 1,707,020 1,169,060 1,869,949 421,611 1,679,606 1,693,977 1,611,983 1,431,235 1,199,831 1,016,337 731,974 2,527,951 158,775 151,769 65,874 279,049 167,929 103,436 171,322 35,140 280,356 707,354 298,604 192,479 117,063 2,003,854 326,602 623,161 3,899,737 876,638 2,567,397 1,604,390 690,039 1,710,172 730,294 562,286 443,049 406,764 866,966 10,643 28,665 291,641 272,201 71,067 495,702 230,392 282,721 81,365 116,769 116, 183 267,472 77,358 356,713 238,394 152,236 73,159 283,846 9,484 349,611 38,787 21,484 186,906 9,970 8,302 76,165 16,024 127, 178 86,093 689,464 40,227,491 1,138,986 5,372,448 8,381,124 6,623,293 7,129,903 6,611,846 4,024,984 868,308 1,086,599 362,482 184,061 216,369 236,093 18,904 123,097 2,103,437 568,295 2,700,716 2,167,939 1,602,365 2, 116, 180 1,363,596 1,131,044 867,234 1,506,533 1,822,219 180,340 320,045 771,015 1,165,907 97,426 546,688 1,373,259 681,429 1,602,190 1,034,966 1,579,881 314,064 1,501,922 1,529,124 1,361,166 1,219,634 1,066,062 834,743 249, 173 1,886,016 104, 137 88,648 41,071 227,344 150,312 79,941 136,624 31,331 230,054 232,611 623,934 46.3 71.0 52.7 33.3 25.4 18.7 22.3 36.0 56.8 51.4 59.2 47.5 92.8 96.7 89.7 78.8 75.2 60.4 56.9 42.4 61.7 47.2 43.0 41.0 30.6 42.5 11.0 13.1 26.1 29.2 48. 50.8 100.0 23.1 18.7 14.4 14.8 20.6 29.1 24.3 20.2 17.3 11.5 12.9 30.0 19.3 24.1 36.5 21.5 29.6 50.7 14.2 31.0 46.3 16.3 53.0 45.6 61.8 63.7 16.7 29.0 47.3 66.7 74.6 81.3 77.7 64.0 43.2 69.6 63.! 79.9 65.2 45.2 28.5 21.4 16.0 16.2 32.3 46.4 48.6 40.8 62.5 ■ 7.2 3.3 10.3 21.2 24.8 39.6 44.1 67.6 38.3 62.8 67.0 59.0 69.4 57.5 89.0 86.9 73.9 70.8 52.0 49.2 76.9 81.3 85.6 85.2 79.4 70.9 76.7 79.8 82.7 88.5 87.1 70.0 80.7 76.9 64.5 78.5 70.4 49.3 86.8 69.0 63.7 83-7 47.0 64.4 38.2 48.6 56.0 40.5 91.5 96.1 87.2 72.9 70.6 54.7 48.1 34.3 54.3 39.3 38.2 34.1 25.6 36.3 7.3 10.2 23.7 22.5 46.4 49.8 100.0 18.3 13.1 9.9 12.8 16.6 20.3 21.8 16.2 11.9 7.7 8.5 26.5 7.4 17.1 34.7 6.2 28.8 48.3 14.0 15.9 38.1 17.0 40.8 32.2 62.4 20.1 34.8 54.8 71.6 78.6 85.0 83.8 67.7 53.6 51.4 45.0 59.5 8.5 4.9 12.8 27.1 29.4 45.3 51.9 65.7 45.7 60.7 61.8 65.9 74.4 63.7 92.7 89.8 76.3 77.5 53.6 50.2 81.7 86.9 90.1 87.2 84.4 79.7 78.2 83.8 88.1 92.3 91.5 73.6 92.6 82.9 65.3 93.8 71.2 61.7 86.0 84.1 61.9 83.0 69.2 67.8 47.6 75.8 67.7 37.8 26.8 19.6 12.7 16.1 29.3 42.5 46.2 61.1 35.2 89.5 94.5 83.5 65.0 60.7 48.6 41.0 26.9 44.7 34.9 33.2 33.8 21.2 32.0 5.6 8.2 27.4 19.1 42.2 47.6 100.0 17.1 10.7 7.2 10.1 14.0 19.8 19.2 13.5 10.1 5.4 6.5 25.4 3.7 15.6 27.1 34.3 46.0 6.2 9.4 35.7 33. S 35.6 26.8 48.6 24.3 42.3 62.2 74.2 80. S 87.3 I 84.9 70.7 57.5 54.8 48.9 64.8 10. S 5.5 16. G 35.0 39.3 51.4 59.0 73.1 55.3 65.1 66.8 66.2 78.8 68.0 94.4 91.8 72.6 80.9 S7.8 52.4 82.9 89.3 92. S 89.9 86.0 80.2 80.8 86.5 89.9 94.6 93.5 74.6 96.3 84.4 72.9 loao 66.7 55.0 93.8 90.8 64.3 66.2 64.4 73.2 ei.« 1 tnclndes population of Indian Territory for 1890 and 1900. URBAN AND RURAL POPULATION. 57 INCREASE IN POPULATION OP URBAN AND RURAL TERRITORY, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES: 1900-1910. Table 19 TEEEITOEY UBBAN IK 1910. TEEBITOET EUEAL IN 1910. DIViaOlT AND STATE. Population in— Increase: 1900-1910 Population in— Increase: '1900-1910 1910 1900 Number. Per cent. 1910 1900 Number. Per cent. tTnlted States 12,628,383 31,609,846 11,013,738 34.8 49,348,883 44,884,930 4,963,953 11.2 Geogbaphic divisions: 6,466,345 13,723,373 9,617,271 3,873,716 3,092,163 1,574,229 1,957,456 947,511 2,382,329 4,489,531 10,307,717 7,348,011 3,022,664 2,337,717 1,186,290 1,161,736 575,332 1,180,647 965,814 3,415,656 2,269,260 861,052 754,436 387,939 796,720 372,179 1,201,682 21.5 33.1 30.9 28.2 32.3 32.7 68.6 64.7 101.8 1,097,336 5,592,519 8,633,350 7,764,205 9,102,742 6,835,672 6,827,078 1,686,006 1,809,975 1,102,486 5,146,961 8,637,570 7,324,759 8,105,763 6,361,352 5,370,669 1,099,325 1,236,045 -5, 150 445,658 -4,220 439,446 996,979 474,320 1,456,409 686,681 673,930 -0.6 Middle Atlantic 8.7 East North Central . . m West North Central 6.0 South Atlantic 12.3 East South Central. 7.5 27.1 53.4 46.4 New England: Mftin«.... 381,443 255,099 168,943 3,125,367 524,654 999,839 7,185,494 1,907,210 4,630,669 2,665,143 1,143,835 3,476,929 1,327,044 1,004,320 850,294 680,064 1,398,817 63,236 76,673 310,852 493,790 97,085 658,192 331,069 476,529 228,242 318,474 224,832 638,660 219,080 555,442 441,045 370,431 207,311 202,681 496,616 320,166 938,104 133,420 69,898 • 43,221 404,840 46,571 63,260 172,934 13,367 605,630 307,060 1,469,739 339,564 226,007 148,406 2,569,494 411,679 794,381 5,352,283 1,363,663 3,691,781 2,027,462 876,294 2,666,333 966,826 811,096 613,595 567,267 1,143,431 33,362 47,945 261,853 355,211 85,717 693,133 278,718 354,861 137,464 208,215 177,270 376,052 126,287 483,233 335,722 237,670 129,665 131,719 380,997 89,148 559,872 89,476 22,107 33,526 269,662 26,484 21,409 108,168 4,600 227,614 142,840 810,193 41,879 29,092 20,537 555,873 112,975 206,458 1,833,211 543,557 1,038,888 637,681 267,541 810,696 360,218 193,224 236,699 112,787 256,386 29,874 28,728 48,999 138,679 11,368 65,059 52,351 121,668 90,778 110,259 47,562 162,598 92,793 72,209 105,323 132,761 77,646 70,962 115,519 231,007 378,232 43,944 47,791 9,695 135,178 20,087 41,851 64,766 8,867 377,916 164,220 659,546 12.3 12.9 13.8 21.6 27.4 26.9 34.3 39.9 28.9 31.5 30.6 30.4 37.3 23.8 38.6 19.9 22.3 89.5 59.9 18.7 39.0 13.3 11.0 18.8 34.3 66.0 53.0 26.8 43.2 73.5 14.9 31.4 55.9, 59.9 53.9 30.3 269.1 67.6 49.1 216.2 28.9 50.1 75.8 195.5 59.9 197.0 166.0 115.0 81.4 360,928 175,473 187,013 241,049 17,956 114,917 1,928,120 629,957 3,034,442 2,101,978 1,557,041 2,161,662 1,483,129 1,329,540 1,225,414 1,544,717 1,894,618 513,820 507,215 881,362 1,197,159 105,237 637,154 354,902 185,581 195,235 235,852 16,877 114,039 1,916,611 520,016 2,710,334 2,130,083 1,640,168 2,155,217 1,454,156 1,257,946 1,137,799 1,664,586 1,963,234 285,784 353,625 804,447 1,116,284- 99,018 694,911 6,026 -10,108 -8,222 6,197 1,079 878 11,509 109,941 324,108 -28,105 -83,127 6,445 28,973 71,594 87,615 -119,869 -68,716 228,038 163,590 76,915 81,875 6,219 42,243 1.7 -5.4 Vermont -4.2 2.2 6.4 r,nT|nP.r!t.ifiTit , 0.8 Middle Atlantic: New York 0.6 New Jersey 21.1 12.0 East North Central: Ohio -1.3 Indiana -5.1 Illinois 0.3 Miphjgan 2.0 6.7 West North Central: MinnARntn. 7.7 -7.2 Missouri -3.5 North Dakota 79.8 South Dakota 43.4 9.6 "KftTlSfliS 7.3 SoTTTH Atlantic: Delaware 6.3 7.1 1,685,083 992,877 1,887,813 1,290,568 2,070,471 533,539 1,734,463 1,743,744 1,767,662 1,689,803 1,371,768 1,159,872 1,337,000 2,958,438 242,633 256,696 102,744 394,184 280,730 141,094 200,417 68,508 536,460 365,705 907,810 1,499,323 821,336 1,685,595 1,163,046 1,840,279 402,255 1,663,941 1,684,779 1,691,027 1,421,606 1,179,960 1,000,628 701,243 2,488,838 153,863 139,665 59,005 270,038 168,826 101,522 168,681 37,835 290,489 270,696 674,860 85,760 m,541 202,218 127,522 230,192 131,284 70,522 68,965 176,635 168,198 191,808 159,244 635,757 469,600 88,780 116,031 43,739 124,146 111,904 39,672 31,836 30,673 246,971 95,009 232,960 6.7 West Virginia . 20.9 North Carolina . . 12.0 11.0 Georgia 12.5 32.6 East South Central: 4.2 3.5 Alabama... 11.1 Mississippi 11.8 West South Central: Arkansas . 16.3 16.9 Oklahoma^ . 90.7 18.9 Mountain: Montana 57.7 Idaho 83.1 74.1 Colorado . 46.0 66.3 39.0 18.9 81.1 84.7 35.1 34.5 I A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease. 2 A decrease of less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. • Includes population of Indian Territory for 1900. 58 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. PER CENT OF INCREASE IN URBAN POPULATION, BY STATES: 1900-1910. PER CENT OF INCREASE IN RURAL POPULATION, BY STATES: 1900-1910. COMMUNITIES CLASSIFIED BY SIZE. 59 There was in every state between 1900 and 1910 an increase in urban population, but in six states — namely, New Hampshire, Vermont, Ohio, Indiana, Iowa, and Missouri — there was a decrease in rural population. In all but two states — Montana and Wyomiug — the urban population increased faster than the rural population, and generally at a much more rapid rate. The decrease or slow increase in the rural population throughout large areas is in no sense due to lack of agricultural prosperity. On the contrary, in almost all such areas there has been a remarkable increase in the value of farm property. The maps on the opposite page show the rates of increase or decrease in urban and in rural population since 1900 for each state. COMMUNITIES CIASSIFIED ACCOEDIITG TO SIZE. Proportion in the several classes of commanities. — In addition to classifying the population according to the broad grouping into urban and rural, a further analysis may be made on the basis of a more detailed size classification. The following table shows, for the United States, the number of places constituting each of the specified classes of cities at the censuses of 1910, 1900, and 1890, the combined population of each group, and the percentage which each group represents of the total population of the country. Table SO CLASS OF PLACES. Total population of the United States . Utban territory Places of 1,000,000 inhabitants or more... Places of 600,000 to 1,000,000 Inhabitants. Places of 250,000 to 600,000 Inhabitants. . . Places of 100,000 to 250,000 inhabitants.. . Places of 60,000 to 100,000 inhabitants Places of 25,000 to 50,000 inhabitants Places of 10,000 to 26,000 inhabitants Places of 5,000 to 10,000 inhabitants Places of 2,500 to 5,000 inhabitants Soral territory Incorporated places of less than 2,500 inhabitants, other rural territory 1910 Number of places. Population. 91,972,260 1 2,402 3 5 11 31 69 120 372 629 1,172 11,784 12,623,383 8,501,174 3,010,667 3,949,839 4,840,458 4,178,915 4,062,763 6,609,208 4,364,703 4,105,656 19,348,883 8, 118, 825 41,230,068 Number of places. 1 1,891 3 3 283 476 1,892 Population. 76, 994, 675 30,797,183 6,429,474 1,645,087 2,861,296 3,272,490 2,760,477 2,785,667 4,409,900 3,278,618 3,354,276 16,197,390 6,247,645 38,949,745 1890 Number of places. » 1,807 3 1 7 17 30 67 232 359 791 6,466 Population. 62,947,714 22,720,223 3,662,115 806,343 2, 447, 608 2,781,894 2,027,569 2,298,765 3,487,139 2,493,594 2,713,196 10,227,191 4,719,835 35,507,656 PEE CENT OF TOTAL POPULATION. 1910 16.3 9.2 3.3 4.3 5.3 4.3 4.4 6.1 4.7 4.3 63.7 8.8 44.8 1900 10.6 8.3 2.2 3.8 4.3 3.6 3.7 5.8 4.3 4.4 69.6 8.2 51.3 1890 100. 36.1 5.8 1.3 3.9 4.4 3.2 3.7 5.5 4.0 4.3 63.9 7.5 56.1 ' The total number of cities of certain classes for the United States as a whole, and for certain geograplilo divisions, is less than the sum of the numbers shown for the individual states of the country or of the division, tor the reason that three cities each lie in two adjomlng states, namely, Bristol (Vlreinla-Tennessee), Texarfcana f Arkansas-Texas), and Union City (Indiana-Ohio), and are therefore counted twice. Moreover, one of these cities — Bristol — lies in two different geographic divisions (South Atlantic and East South Central). Each of these cities consists of two incorporated municipalities, but each Is, from the statistical standpoint, one city, and should be classed according to Its total population. In each case that part of the population lying in each state, whatever its number, is credited to the group of cities to which, according to the total population, the city belongs. According to total population, Bristol fell in 1910 in the class of cities of 10,000-25,000; In 1900 and In 1890, In the class 3,000-10,000; Texarkana fell in 1910 and 1900 in the class of 10,000-25,000, and in 1890 in the class 5,000-10,000; and Union City fell at each census from 1890 to 1910 In the class of 2,500-5,000. In addition to the 46.3 per cent of the total popu- lation which in 1910 resided in communities classed by the Census Bureau as urban, 8.8 per cent resided in incorporated places of less than 2,500 inhabitants, making in aU 55.1 per cent residing under conditions more ot less urban in character. Nearly one-tenth (9.2 per cent) of the total popu- lation in 1910 resided in the three cities (New York, Chicago, and Philadelphia) which had more than 1,000,000 inhabitants each. If 100,000 inhabitants be taken as the dividing line between large and medium-sized cities, it is seen that 22.1 per cent of the population resided in such large cities. Of the total population, 8.9 per cent resided in cities of medium size, ranging from 25,000 to 100,000 inhab- itants, while the small urban communities of from 2,500 to 25,000 inhabitants contained 15.3 per cent. Comparing the percentages for the three censuses, it is seen that each of the several groups of communi- ties classed as urban comprised a larger percentage of the population of the country in 1910 than in 1900, and that, with two exceptions, each class in 1900 com- prised a larger percentage of the total population than in 1890. The population of each class of cities in the several divisions in 1910 is shown in Table 22 from which the percentages in Table 21 are derived. Very great differ- ences appear among the several geographic divisions with respect to the distribution of the urban popula- tion among communities of different sizes. Table 31 PEE CENT OF POPULATION IN 1910 LTVINQ IN— DIVISION. Cities of— Rural 100,000 or more. 23,000 to 100,000. 10,000 to 25,000. 3,000 to 10,000. 2,500 to 5,000. dis- tricts. United States 22.1 24.5 4-1.5 26.1 13.5 9.6 7.1 3.9 8.1 34.2 9.0 26.0 10.9 8.5 6.9 5.8 3.4 7.2 8.8 6.4 6.1 14.3 7.0 7.6 3.9 3.6 2.6 4.0 5.5 7.3 4.7 11.3 4.5 6.0 4.3 3.3 2.7 2.6 6.6 3.2 4.6 8.2 4.1 4.5 4.7 3.0 2.8 4.5 7.0 5.7 63.7 16.7 Middle Atlantic 29.0 East North Central West North Central 47.3 68.7 South Atlantic 74.6 East South Central 81.3 West South Central 77.7 Mountain . 64.0 43.2 60 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. Table 22 amES HAVING m 1910 a population or— DIVISION. 100,000 or more. 25,000 to 100,000. 10,000 to 25,000. 6,000 to 10,000. 2,600 to 6,000. BUBAL DISTEICTS— POPULATION. Number of places. Aggregate population. Number of places. Aggregate population. Number of places. Aggregate population. Number of places. Aggregate population. Number of places. Aggregate population. trnlted States 60 8 11 10 5 4 4 1 1 6 20,302,138 1,606,984 8,599,877 4,761,966 1,675,658 1,172,021 598,082 339,075 213,381 1,435,094 179 34 44 38 17 16 7 12 6 6 8,241,678 1,637,987 2,110,782 1,553,809 801,931 712,387 289,286 636,814 230,995 267,688 1872 61 91 88 33 27 15 27 12 19 6,609,208 936.563 1,349,807 1,396,143 465,439 444,714 220,364 354,582 144,593 307,013 629 106 130 154 71 68 33 33 25 19 4,364,703 738,450 875, 771 1,086,197 498,769 397,081 229,933 229,386 174,020 135,096 1 1,172 153 223 232 166 106 67 117 54 65 4,106,656 635,371 787,136 819,166 641,919 365,960 236,566 397,599 184,522 237,438 49,348,888 1,097,336. Middle Atlantic 6,692,619 East North Central 8,633,360' West North Central 7,764,206 9,102,742 East South Central 6,836,672 West South Central 6,827,078 Mountain ... 1,686,006 1,809,976 1 See footnote to table on page 69. Growth o{ the several classes of urban commnnities. — In comparing the growth of the several classes of urban conununities from 1900 to 1910, each commu- nity is grouped, for both censuses, according to its population in 1910, so as to avoid the disturbing effect of the passage of communities from one group to another. The population shown for 1900 represents, so far as it could be ascertained, the population within the boundaries of the communities as constituted in 1910. The comparison for the United States as a whole is presented in Table 23. With one exception, there was in 1910 no very great difference in the rates of growth of the several classes of urban communities. There are two groups in which the increase in popu- lation between 1900 and 1910 was somewhat more than 40 per cent, namely, cities of from 100,000 to 250,000 inhabitants and those of from 50,000 to 100,000. For all but one of the other groups the in- crease was between 30 and 40 per cent. The remain- ing group — that comprising five cities having in 1910 from 500,000 to 1,000,000 inhabitants— showed an increase during the decade of barely 20 per cent. Table 23 CLASS OF PLACES. Num- ber of places in 1910. AGGBEGATE POPULATION IN— incbease: 1900-1910 1910 1900 Number. Per cent. TTnlted States.... 91,972,266 78,994,676 15,977,691 21.0 Territory urban In 1910 . 12,402 42,623,383 31,609,645 11,013,738 34.8 Places of— 1,000,000 or more 600,000 to 1,000,000... 260,000 to 600,000 100,000 to 260,000 60,000 to 100,000 25,000 to 50,000 10,000 to 25,000 5,000to 10,000 2,500 to 6,000 3 5 11 31 59 120 372 629 1,172 8,601,174 3,010,667 3,949,839 4,840,468 4,178,916 4,062,763 6,609,208 4,364,703 4,106,666 49,348,883 6,429,474 2,501,226 2,932,040 3,421,849 2,948,511 3,028,007 4,153,442 3,194,278 3,000,818 44,384,930 2,071,700 509,441 1,017,799 1,418,609 1,230,404 1,034,756 1,456,766 1,170,426 • 1,104,838 4,963,963 32.2 20.4 34.7 41.6 41.7 34.2 36.0 36.6 36.8 11.2 > See footnote to table on page 59. Table 24 presents a comparison of the increase, between 1900 and 1910, in the population of different classes of urban communities and of rural territory in each of the nine geographic divisions of the United States; The number of classes of urban communities shown in Table 24 has been reduced to three by con- soHdating some of the minor groups shown in the table immediately preceding. Table 24 CITIES OP 100,000 OB MOBE IN 1910. CITIES OF 25,000 TO 100,000 IN 1910. crnES OP 2,500 to 26,000 in 1910. TEEBITOEY BUBAL IN 1910. DinaiGN. Num- Aggregate population. Per cent of in- crease. Num- ber. Aggregate'population. Per cent of in- crease. Num- ber. Aggregate population. Per cent of in- crease. Population. . Per cent ber. 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 of in- crease.! United States.... New England Middle Atlantic East North Central.. West North Central. South Atlantic East South Central.. West South Central . Mountain . . 60 8 11 10 5 4 4 1 1 6 20,302,138 1,606,984 8,699,877 4,761,966 1,676,668 1,172,021 698,082 339,076 213,381 1,435,094 16,284,689 1,325,661 6,675,912 3, 600, 614 1,208,321 974, 643 444,444 287, 104 140,472 727,428 32.8 21.2 30.8 32.3 30.4 20.3 34.6 18.1 61.9 97.3 179 34 44 38 17 16 7 12 5 6 8,241,678 1,637,987 2,110,782 1,663,809 801,931 712,387 289,285 636,814 230,995 267,688 6,976,518 1,269,941 1,674,958 1,127,923 640,620 516,427 237,257 331,409 149,556 128,627 37.9 29.0 34.0 37.8 25.2 37.9 21.9 92.2 54.6 108.3 22,173 320 444 474 260 190 115 177 91 103 14,079,667 2,210,374 3,012,714 3,301,496 1,496,127 1,207,745 686,862 981,567 503,136 679,647 10,348,538 1,893,939 2,166,847 2,619,474 1,173,823 846,647 504,589 543,223 285,304 324,692 36.1 16.7 39.7 26.0 27.5 42.7 36.1 80.7 76.4 109.3 49,348,883 1,097,336 6,592,819 8,633,360 7,764,206 9,102,742 6,835,672 6,827,078 1,686,006 1,809,976 44,384,930 1,102,486 6,146,961 8,637,670 7,324,759 8,106,763 6,361,352 6,370,669 1,099,326 1,236,046 11.2 -0.6 8.7 <1.o 12.3 7.S 27.1 63.4 46.4 1 A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease. » See footnote to table on page I 3 A decrease ol less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. POPULATION OF METROPOLITAN DISTRICTS. 61 METEOPOIITAN DISTEICTS. In its general tables dealing with the population of cities, the Bureau of the Census must necessarily deal with political units, or, in other words, with the popula- tion contained within the municipal boundaries of each city. It is a familiar fact that, in some cases, the municipal boundaries give only an inadequate idea of the population grouped about one urban center. In the case of many cities there are suburban districts with a dense population outside the city limits, which, in a certain sense, are as truly a part of the city as the districts which are under the municipal government. It seems desirable, therefore, to show the magnitude of each of the principal population centers taken as a whole. Statistics have been compiled for each city in the United States with a population of 200,000 inhabit- ants or more, which, in addition to the population within the city limits, show the population in adjoining communities which may be considered as intimately associated with the urban center. Such districts are designated as "metropolitan districts." In laying out such metropolitan districts the popu- lation is first determined for all civil divisions (that is, cities, towns, boroughs, townships, precincts, etc.) lo- cated within 10 miles of the city boundaries. Divisions which lie partly within and partly without the 10-mile limit are included if either one-half of their total popu- lation or one-half of their total area comes within that limit. State boundaries are disregarded, so that in some cases the metropolitan district lies partly in two states. From the territory lying within the limits thus determined there have been deducted all divisions which have a population of less than about 150 or 200 inhabitants per square nule. Where the density of population is less, the division may be considered as rural rather than urban in character, and as not prop- erly a part of the metropolitan district. There are a few exceptions to this rule where a minor civil division has been included within the metropoUtan district, even though it had a lower density than that just stated, because that division was completely or almost surrounded by other civil divisions having a density which would require them to be included. The exception in such cases seems justified in order to avoid undue irregularity in the shape of the districts, or gaps lying whoUy within their area. Since a strict application of the rules for determining the metropolitan district of Boston would give an area almost identical with the area of the "industrial dis- trict" of Boston, as laid out in a previous censua bulletin (1909), the latter area is for convenience of comparison considered as the metropolitan district. The same is true of New York City, except that Nas- sau County, which was not included in the industrial district, has been added to the metropolitan district. In the case of the oth.er industrial districts shown in the bulletin mentioned, the areas were so different from the metropolitan districts, as determined by the application of the rule here described, that no attempt was made to secure conformity. Table 25 on the next page shows for 1910 and 1900 the population of 25 metropolitan districts as defined by the Census Bureau, distinguishing the population lying within the city proper from that outside the city. The cities are arranged in the order of the aggregate population of the metropolitan district. It win be noted that two cities of more than 200,000 inhabitants — Newark and Jersey City — do not appear in the table, for the reason that they are included within the metropolitan district of New York. The importance of the suburbs of great cities is con- spicuously indicated by the combined statistics for the 25 metropoHtan districts, which appear at the begin- ning of the table. The combined population of the metropoUtan districts in 1910 was 22,088,331, of which 1 7,099,904 represents the population of the central cities and 4,988,427 that of the suburban areas, the latter being equal to nearly 30 per cent of the population of the cities proper. The figure of 17,099,904 rep- resents the population of 28 cities, since there are three metropolitan districts in each of which there are two cities of such large population that both are treated as the central cities 'of the district, namely, Minne- apoHs and St. Paul; Kansas City, Kans., and Kansas City, Mo. ; and San Francisco and Oakland. The table shows further that. the population of the metropohtan districts lying outside of the central cities increased between 1900 and 1910 somewhat more rapidly than that within their boundaries, the increase for the suburban districts being 43 per cent and for the cities proper 33.2 per cent. The table emphasizes the well-known fact that the cities of the country have quite a different rank when their suburbs are taken into account from that which they hold when only the population within the city boundaries proper is considered. 62 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. POPULATION OF METROPOLITAN DISTRICTS : 1910 AND 1900. Table 35 Total for 25 metTopoUtan districts In central cities (28 cities) Outside central cities NEW YOKE. Metropolitan district In city proper Outside CHICAGO. Metropolitan district In city proper Outside PHILADELPHIA. Metropolitan district In city proper Outside BOSTON. Metropolitan district In city proper Outside PITT3BUBQH. Metropolitan district In city proper Outside ST. LOUIS. Metropolltarudistrict In city proper Outside SAN rRANCISCO-OAKLAND. Metropolitan district Incityproper(San Francisco) In city proper ( Oakland) Outside BALTIMOBE. Metropolitan district In city proper Outside CLEVELAND. Metropolitan district In city proper Outside CINCINNATI. Metropolitan district In city proper Outside MDOTEAPOLIS-ST. PAUL. Metropolitan district In city proper (Miimeapolis). In city proper (St. Paul) Outside DETBOIT. Metropolitan district In city proper Outside CITIES OP 200,000 INHABITANTS OR MOBE. Area in acres: 1910 4,717,638.2 1,185,795.8 3,531,736.4 616,927.6 183,555.0 433,372.6 409,086. 7 118,433.1 290,653.6 437,732.6 83,340.0 354,392.6 335,904 7 26,289.0 309,615.7 405,880.1 26,610.7 379,369.4 197,993.4 39,276.3 158,717.1 289,380.8 29,760.0 29,248.0 230,372.8 184,669.8 19,290.2 165,369.6 103,173.6 29,208.8 73,964.8 111,771.7 31,893.3 79,878.4 94,539.0 32,069.0 33,390.0 29,080.0 96,553.8 26,102.6 70,451.2 Population. 1910 22,088,331 17,099,904 4,988,427 6,474,568 4,766,883 1,707,685 2,446,921 2,185,283 261,638 1,972,342 1,549,008 423,334 1,520,470 670,685 849,886 1,042,865 533,905 608,950 828,733 687,029 141,704 686,873 416,912 150,174 119,787 668,715 668,485 100,230 613,270 560,663 62,607 563,804 363,691 200,213 526,256 301,408 214,744 10,104 600,982 465,766 35,216 1900 16,322,800 12,833,201 3,489,599 4,607,804 3,437,202 1,170,602 1,837,987 1,-698, 576 139,412 1,623,149 1,293,697 329,452 1,249,604 660,892 688,612 792,968 451,512 341,466 649,711 575,238 74,473 473,073 342,782 66,960 63,331 677,670 608,957 68,713 420,020 381,768 38,252 495,979 325.902 170,077 202,718 163,066 6,226 318,967 286,704 Per cent of In- crease: 1900- 1910 35.3 33.2 43.0 40.5 38.7 45.9 33.1 28.7 87.7 21.5 19.7 28.5 21.7 19.6 23.4 31.6 18.2 49.1 27.6 19.4 90.3 45.2 21.6 124.3 89.1 14.0 9.7 45.9 46.0 46.9 37.6 13.7 11.6 17.7 41.5 48.7 31.7 62.3 67.1 63.0 6.9 BUTPALO. Metropolitan district In city proper Outside LOS ANGELES. Metropolitan district In city proper Outside MILWAUKEE. Metropolitan district In city proper Outside PEOVIDENCE. Metropolitan district In city proper Outside WASHINGTON. Metropolitan district In city proper Outside NEW ORLEANS. Metropolitan district In city proper Outside -J KANSAS CTTT (MO. AND KANS.). Metropolitan district In city proper (Kans . City , Mo.). Incltyproper(Kans.Clty,Kans.) Outside LOUISVILLE. Metropolitan district In city proper O utside EOCHESTEE. Metropolitan district In city proper Outside SEATTLE. Metropolitan district In city proper Outside INDIANAPOLIS. Metiopoli tan district In city proper Outside DENVEE. Metropolitan district In city proper Outside PORTLAND, OREQ. Metropolitan district In city proper Outside CITIES OF 200,000 INHABITANTS OR MORE. Area In acres: 1910 132,413.4 24,791.0 107, 622. 4 262,826.8 63,480.0 189,346.8 112,339.4 14,585.8 97,763.6 126,469.4 11,352.2 115, 117. 2 190,389.2 38,408.4 151,980.8 137,760.0 125,440.0 12,320.0 62,030.6 37,443.0 10,940.0 13,647.6 141,504.9 13,229.7 128,276.2 119,606.7 12,876.3 106,630.4 41,151.6 35,750.0 5,401.6 27,860.4 21,130.4 6,720.0 46,148.0 37,028.0 9,120.0 43,638.2 30,976.0 12,663.2 Population. 1910 488,661 423,715 64,948 438,226 319, 198 119,028 427,175 373,857 53,318 395,972 224,326 171,646 367,869 331,069 36,800 348,109 339,075 9,034 340,446 248,381 82,331 9,734 286,158 223,928 62, aO 248,512 218,149 30,363 239,269 237,194 2,075 237,783 233,650 4,133 219,314 213,381 6,933 215,048 207,214 7,834 1900 394,031 352,387 41,644 123,062 102,479 324,963 285,315 39, 648 306,110 176,597 130,513 306,684 278,718 294,615 287,104 7,611 228,236 163,762 61,418 13,065 269,866 204,731 65,126 186,409 162,608 22,801 80,886 80,671 214 173,632 169,164 4,468 135,809 133,859 1,950 91,668 90,426 1,242 Per cent of in- crease:' 1900- 1910 24.0 20.2 66.0 256.1 211.5 478.3 31.5 31.0 34.5 29.4 27.8 31.5 20.3 18.8 36.6 18.2 18.1 20.3 49.2 51.7 60.1 -25.5 10.1 9.4 12. » 34.0 34.2 33.2 195.8 194.0 36. » 38.1 -7.5 61. & 59.4 204.3 134. S 129.2 530.8 ' A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease. Note.— The following statement gives the name and population of each munic- ipality ot 6,000 Inhabitants or more falling within each metropolitan district, except the central city itself. New York disfricf.— New York: Yonkers city, 79,803; Mount Vernon city, 30,919; New Roohellecity, 28,867; Mamaroneck village, 5,699. New Jersey: Newark city,347,469; Jersey City, 267,779; Paterson city, 125,600; Elizabeth city, 73,409; Hoboken city, 70,324; Bayonne city, 65,545; Passaic city, 64,773; West Hobo- ken town, 35,403; East Orange city, 34,371; Perth Amboy city, 32,121; Orange city, 29,030; Montolair town, 21,550; Union town, 21^023; Kearny town, 18,659; Bloomfield town, 16,070; Harrison town, 14,498; Hackensack town, 14,050; West New York town, 13,500; Irvington town, 11,877; Englewood city, 9,924; Hahway city, 9,337; Rutherford borough, 7,045; South Orange village, 6,014; Nutley town, 6,009; Roosevelt borough, 6,786; Guttenberg town, 6,647. Chicago district.— ininols: Evanston city, 24,978; Oak Park village, 19,444; Cicero town, 14,557; Chicago Heights city, 14,525; Blue Island village, 8,043; May- wood village, 8,033; fiarveycity,7,227; Forest Park village, 6,594; Berwyn city, 6,841; La Orange village, 6,282. Indiana: Hammond city, 20,925; East Chicago city, 19,098; Gary city, 16,802; Whiting city, 6,687. , _, , ,. ,. Philidelphia distficf.— Pennsylvania: Chester city, 38,537; Norristown borough, 27,875; Bristol borough, 9,256; Conshohocken borough, 7,480; Darby borough, 6,305. New Jersey: Camden city, 94,538; Gloucester city, 9,462; Burlington Bos^om'^'isfrirt!— Cambridge city, 104,839; Lynn city, 89,336; Somerville city, 77,230; Maiden city, 44,404; Salem city, 43,697; Newton city, 39,806; Everett city, 33,484; Quinoy city, 32,642; Chelsea city, 32,462; Waltham city, 27,834; Brook- line town, 27,792; Medford city, 23,160; Revere town, 18,219; Peabody town, 15,721; Melrisecity, 16,715: Hyde Park town, 15,.507) Woburn city, 16,308; Framingham town, 12,948; Weymouth town, 12,896; Watertown town, 12,875; Wakefleld town? 11,404; Ariington town, 11,187; Winthrop town, 10,132; Na- tick town, 9,8f'6; Winchester town, 9.309; Dedham town, 9,284; Bramtree town, 8,066; Saugus town, 8,047; Norwood town, 8,014; Milton town, 7,924; Marblehead town, 7,338; Stoneham town, 7, 090; Swampsoott town, 6, 204; Bel- mont town, 5,542; Wellesley town, 5,413; Needham town, 6,026.- PittaburgTi disMci.— MoKeesport city, 42,694; Braddook borough, 19,357; WIlMns- burg borough, 18,924; Homestead borough, 18,713; Duquesne borough, 15,727; McKees Rocks borough, 14,702; North Braddook borough, 11,824; Carnegie borough, 10,009; Sharpsburg borough, 8,153; Jeanette borough, 8,077; Millvalo borough, 7,861; New Kensington borough, 7,707; Tarentum borough, 7,414; Swissvale borough, 7,381; Bellevue borough, 6,323; WUmerding borough, 6,133; Carrick borough, 6,117; Rankin borough, 6,042; Etna borough, 5,©0; Knoxville borough, 5,651; St. Clair borough, 6,640; East Pittsburgh Dorough, 5,615; Glassport Dorough, 5,540; Coraopolis borough, 5,252; Mimhall borough, 6,185. St. Louis dterice.— Missouri: Wellston city, 7,312; Webster Groves city, 7,080. Illinois: East St. Louis city, 68,547; Granite city, 9,903; Madison vlllag6,'5,046. San Francisco-Oakland disfrici. — Berkeley city, 40,434; Alameda city, 23,383; Richmond city, 6,802; San Rafael city, 5,934. Cleveland district. — Lakewood city, 15,181; East Cleveland city, 9,179; Newburgh city, 5,813. Cincinnati district.— OUo: Norwood city, 16,186; Madisonville city, 5,193; St. Bernard city, 5,002. Kentucky: Covhigton city, 63,270; Newport city, 30309; Dayton city, 6,979; Bellevue city, 6,683. Detroit district.— Wyandotte city, 8,287. Buffalo district. — Lackawanna city, 14,549; North Tonawanda city, 11,955; Tona- wanda city, 8,290. Loa Angelesdistrict.—Passidena,olty,30,291; Long Beach city, 17,809; Santa Monica city, 7,847; Alhambra city, 6,021. Milwaukee district.— yVest Allis city, 6,646; South Milwaukee city, 6,092. Providence dfcfric*.— Pawtucket city, 61,622; Warwick town, 26,629; Central Falls city, 22,754; Cranston city, 21,107; East Providence town, 15,808; Cumber- land town, 10,107; Lincoln town, 9,826: Johnston town, 6,935; North Provi- dence town, 6,407. Washington disfrfc*.— Alexandria city (Va.), 15,329. Kansas City (Mo. and Kans.) district. — Rosedale city (Kans.), 6,960. Louisville disfrici.— Indiana: New Albany city, 20,629; JeflersonvlUe city, 10,412. POPULATION OF CITIES. 63 POPULATION OF INDIVIDUAI CITIES. The statistics of population for individual citiefs and other incorporated places having, in 1910, 2,500 inhabitants or more are given in this section. Table 27 shows the population of cities having, in 1910, 25,000 inhabitants or more as reported at the censuses of 1910, 1900, and 1890, with the per cent of increase from 1900 to 1910 and from 1890 to 1900. Table 28 (pp. 65 to 75) shows the population of incor- porated places and New England towns having, in 1910, 2,500 inhabitants or more, alphabetically arranged by- states, as reported at the last three Federal censuses, namely, those of 1910, 1900, and 1890. In using the figures given in these tables, it should be remembered that, in some instances, the growth of a city or other incorporated place may have been due in part to annexation of suburban territory. Except in the cases of New York City, Pittsburgh, and a few other similar consolidations mentioned in footnotes to these tables, no allowance has been made for such annexations. Of the 225 cities of 25,000 inhabitants or more for which comparative figures for the two decades are given, 153 showed a greater absolute increase in the decade 1900 to 1910 than in the preceding decade, and 114 of these showed also a higher percentage of increase. As regards rates of increase from 1900 to 1910, the cities having at least 25,000 inhabitants are distrib- uted as shown in the following table: Table 26 KATE OF INCREASE: 1900-1910 Total Over 100 percent. 70 to 100 per cent. 60 to 70 per cent... 30 to 50 per cent... 20 to 30 per cent... 10 to 20 per cent... Under 10 jwr cent. Decrease United States. 229 22 17 29 54 47 42 15 3 Northern states. 167 4 9 22 46 39 36 Southern States- Western states. IS 9 1 4 2 2 POPULATION OF CITIES HAVING, IN 1910, 25,000 INHABITANTS OR MORE, WITH PER CENT OF INCREASE: 1890-1910. Table 27 Alabajna Birmingham. Mobile Montgomery. Little Rock. Callfomla Berkeley Los Angeles... Oakland Pasadena Sacramento... San Diego San Francisco. San Jose Coloiado Colorado Springs. Denver Fueblo Connecticut Bridgeport ' Hartlords Merldentown Meriden city . New Britain" New Haven* Norwich town Stamford town Stamford city - Waterburys Delaware Wilmington District of Columbia WasUngton ' Florida Tackaonville. Tampa Georgia Atlanta... Augusta. . . Macon Savannah. POPCLATIO>f. 1910 132,685 51,521 38, 136 45,941 40,434 319,198 150, 174 30,291 44,696 39,578 416,912 28,946 29,078 213,381 44,395 102, 98, 32, S7, 43, 133 28, 28, SS. 73, 87,411 331,069 57,699 37, 782 154,839 41,040 40,665 65,064 1900 38,415 38,469 30,346 38,307 13,214 102,479 66,960 9,117 29,^2 17,700 342,782 21,500 21,085 133,859 28,157 70,996 79,850 28,695 ei,B96 25,998 108,027 24,637 18,839 IS, 997 45,869 278,718 28,429 15,839 89,872 39,441 23,272 54,244 1890 26, 178 31,076 21,883 25,874 6,101 50,395 48,682 4,882 26,386 16,159 298,997 18,060 11,140 106,713 24,558 53,230 25,423 el,662 16,519 81,298 23,048 15,700 28,646 61,431 230,392 17,201 5,532 * A minus sign ( — ) denotes decrease. 65,533 33,300 22,746 43,189 2 Town and city now coextensive. PEE CENT OP INCEEASE.l 1900- 1910 245.4 33.9 25.7 19.9 206.0 211.5 124.3 232.2 52.6 123.6 2L6 34.6 37.9 59.4 57.7 43.7 23.9 11.7 H.i 68. 9 23.7 14.5 53.1 B7.1 59.5 14.3 18.8 103.0 138.5 72.3 4.1 74.7 19.9 1890- 1900 46.7 23.8 38.7 48.1 159.0 103.4 37.5 86.7 11.0 9.5 14.6 19.0 25.4 14.7 45.3 50.0 12.9 IS. 2 67.4 32.9 6.9 20.0 60.1 24.5 65.3 186.3 37.1 18.4 2.3 26.6 Illinois Aurora Bloomington... Chicago Danville Decatur East St. Louis. . Elgin Johet Peoria Quincy 1 . RocMord Springfield Indiana EvansviUe... Fort Wayne. Indianapolis. . South Bend.. Terre Haute.. Iowa Cedar Rapids.. Clinton Council BluHs. Davenport Des Moines Dubuque Sioux City Waterloo Kansas City. Topeka Wichita Kentucky Covington. Lexington. Louisville.. Newport... Louisiana New Orleans. Slireveport . . . Maine Lewiston. Portland. Maryland Baltimore. POPULATION. 1910 29,807 25,768 2,185,283 27,871 31,140 58,647 25,976 34,670 66,950 36,587 45,401 61,678 69,647 63,933 233,650 53,684 58,157 32,811 25,677 29,292 43,028 86,368 38,494 47,828 26,693 82,331 43,684 52,450 53,270 35,099 223,928 30,309 339,076 28,016 26,247 58,671 658,485 1900 24,147 23,286 1,698,675 16,354 20,754 29,655 22,433 29,353 66,100 36,252 31,051 34, 159 59,007 46, 115 169, 164 36,999 36,673 25,656 22,698 25,802 35,254 62, 139 36,297 33,111 12,580 51,418 33,608 24,671 42,938 26,369 204,731 28,301 287, 104 16,013 23,761 60, 145 508,957 1890 19,688 20,484 ,099,860 11,491 16,841 15, 169 17,823 23,264 41,024 31,494 23,584 24,963 60,756 36,393 105,436 21,819 30,217 18,020 13,619 21,474 26,872 60,093 30,311 37,806 6,674 38,316 31,007 23,853 37,371 21,567 161, 129 24,918 242,039 11,979 21,701 36,425 434,439 PER CENT OF INCEEASE.l 1900- 1910 23.4 10.7 28.7 7(i.4 50.0 97.4 15.8 18.1 19.3 0.9 46.2 51.3 18.0 41.7 38.1 49.1 68.6 27.9 12.7 13.6 22.1 39.0 6.1 44.4 112.2 60.1 30.0 112.6 24.1 33.1 9.4 7.1 18.1 75.0 10.! 16.! 9.7 1890- 1900 22.6 13.7 54.4 42.3 23.2 95.5 25.9 26.2 36.7 15.1 31.7 36.8 16.3 27.5 60.4 66.0 21.4 42.4 66.7 20.2 31.2 24.0 19.7 -12.4 88.5 34.2 8.4 3.4 14.9 22.3 27.1 13.6 18.6 33.7 9.5 37.7 17.2 3 Population is for the District of Columbia, with which the city is coextensive. 64 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. POPULATION OF CITIES HAVING, IN 1910, 25,000 INHABITANTS OR MORE, WITH PER CENT OF INCREASE: 1890-1910— Continued . Table a7»-Continued. CITY. Massachusetts Boston Brockton Brookline town . Cambridge Chelsea Chicopee Everett Fall River Fitohburg HaArerhill Holyoke Lawrence Lowell Lynn Maiden New Bedlord... Newton Pittafleld Quinoy Salem SomerviUe Springfield Taunton Waltham Worcester Ulchlgan Battle Creek Bay City Detroit FUnt Grand Bapids Jackson Kalamazoo Lansing Saginaw Ulnnesota Duluth Minneapolis St. Paul MlsBoml JopUn Kansas City. St. Joseph... St. Louis Springfield.. Montana Butte. Nebiaska Lincoln Omaha South Omaha Hew Hampshire Manchester Nashua New Jersey Atlantic City Bayonne Camden East Orange Elizabeth Hoboken Jersey City Newark Orange Passaic Paterson Perth Amboy Trenton West Hoboken town . New York Albany Amsterdam Auburn Binghamton Buffalo Elmira Jamestown Kingston Mount Vernon New Eochelie New York' : Manhattan Borough Bronx Borough Brooklyn Borough... Queens Borough Richmond Borough POPULATION. 1910 670,585 56,878 27,792 104,839 32,452 25,401 33,484 119,295 37,826 44,115 57, 730 85,892 106,294 89,336 44,404 96,652 39,806 32, 121 32,642 43,697 77,236 88,926 34,269 27,834 145,986 25,267 45, 166 465, 766 38,550 112,571 31,433 39,437 31,229 50,510 78,466 301,408 214, 744 32,073 248,381 77,403 687,029 35,201 39,165 43,973 124,096 26,259 70,063 26,005 46, 150 65,545 94,538 34,371 73,409 70,324 267, 779 347,469 29,630 54,773 126,600 32, 121 96,815 35,403 100,253 31,267 34,668 48,443 423,716 37,176 31,297 25,908 30,919 28,867 4,766,883 l,SSl,S4$ 4S0,9S0 l,6Si,351 m,04t SS,969 1900 560,892 40,063 19,935 91,886 34,072 19, 167 24,336 104,863 31,531 37, 175 45,712 62,659 94,969 68,513 33,664 62,442 33,587 21,766 23,899 35,956 61,643 62,059 31,036 23,481 118,421 18,663 27,628 285,704 13,103 87,565 25, 180 24,404 16,485 42,346 62,969 202, 718 163,065 26,023 163, 752 102,979 575,238 23,267 40,169 102,565 26,001 66,987 23,898 27,838 32, 722 75,936 21,506 62, 130 59,364 206,433 246,070 24,141 27,777 105,171 17,699 73,307 23,094 1S90 94, 20, 30, 39, 352, 36, 22, 24, 21, 14, 3,437, 1,860, 100, 1, 166, ISBt 67, 448,477 27,294 12, 103 70,028 27,909 14,050 11,068 74,398 22,037 27,412 36,637 44,654 77,696 55,727 23,031 40,733 24,379 17,281 16,723 30,801 40,152 44,179 26,448 18,707 84,665 13, 197 27,839 206,876 9,803 60,278 20,798 17,853 13, 102 46,322 33, 115 164,738 133, 156 9,943 132,716 52,324 451, 770 21,860 10,723 55,154 140,452 8,062 44,126 19,311 13,065 19,033 58,313 PEK CENT OP raCEEASE.l 1900- 1910 37,764- 43,648 163,003 181,830 18,844 13,028 78,347 9,512 57,458 94,923 17,336 25,858 36,005 255, 664 30,893 16,038 21,261 10,830 9,057 607,414 44',«18 88, SOS 838, S47 87,050 SI, 693 19.6 42.0 39.4 14.1 -4.8 32.5 37.6 13.8 20.0 18.7 26.3 37.3 11.9 30.4 3L9 54.8 18.5 47.6 36.6 21.5 25.3 43.3 10.4 18.5 23.3 36.1 63.6 63.0 194.2 28.6 24.8 61.6 89.4 19.3 1890- 1900 25.1 46.8 64.7 31.2 22.1 36.4 119.9 40.9 43.1 36.6 28.3 40.1 22.2 22.9 46.2 53.3 37.8 26.0 42.9 16.7 53.6 40.5 22.0 25.5 39.9 40.7 -0.8 38.8 33.7 45.3 21.1 36.7 26.8 -8.6 48.1 60.0 48.7 23.1 31.7 22.5 23.2 16L7 51.7 23.4 -24.8 96.8 19.4 27.3 61.3 6.5 28.5 184.2 9.6 -27.2 21. n -27.0 1.0 222.6 22.9 29.1 8.8 23.8 66.8 113.2 69.7 71.9 24.5 30.2 ,59.8 40.8 38.0 18.6 36.0 29.7 26.6 41.2 35.3 22.7 28.1 97.2 113.2 19.4 34.2 81.5 86.1 .32.1 27.6 53.3 6.5 -0.8 49.4 20.7 14.2 17.4 22.2 13.3 20.2 37.8 4.2 15.5 36.7 42.7 5.6 15.4 45.7 96.0 96,1 62.5 .38.7 37.1 ge.o gs.4 114.9 126. 6 40.1 39.1 86.6 76. S S8.3 S9.7 New York— Con. Newburdi Niagara Falls.. Poughkeepsie.. Rochester Schenectady... Syracuse Troy Utica Watertown Yonkers North Carolina Charlotte Wilmington. Ohio Akron Canton Cincinnati Cleveland Columbus Dayton EamUton Lima Lorain Newark Springfield... Toledo Youngstown., ZanesvUIe Oklahoma Muskogee Oklahoma City. ' Oregon Portland. Pennsylvania Allentown •-.. Altoona Chester Easton Erie Harrisbiu'g Hazleton Johnstown Lancaster McKeesport Newcastle Norristown borough. . Philadelphia Pittsburgh Reading Scranton Shenandoah borough. Wilkes-Barre Williamsport York Rhode Island Newport Pawtucket Providence Warwick town. Woonsocket South Carolina Charleston., Columbia. . , Tennessee Chattanooga., Knoxville Memphis Nashville Texas Austin Dallas El Paso Fort Worth.., Galveston — Houston San Antonio., Waco POPULATION. 1910 27,805 30, 445 27,936 218, 149 72,826 137,249 76,813 74, 419 26,730 79,803 34,014 25,748 69,067 50,217 363,691 560, 663 181,511 116, 677 36,279 30, 508 28,883 26, 404 46,921 168,497 79,066 28, 026 25,278 64, 205 207,214 51,913 52, 127 38,537 28,623 66, 525 64,186 25, 452 65, 482 47, 227 42,694 36,280 27,875 ,549,008 633,905 96, 071 129,867 26, 774 67,105 '31,860 44,750 27,149 61,622 224, 326 26, 629 38, 126 58,833 26,319 1900 24,943 19, 467 24,029 162,608 31,682 108,374 60, 651 56,383 21,696 47,931 18,091 20,976 42,728 30,667 326,902 381,768 125, 560 85,333 23,914 21,723 16,028 18, 157 38,253 131,822 44,885 23; 538 4,254 10, 037 90,426 35,416 38,973 33,988 25,238 52,733 60,167 14,230 35,936 41,459 34,227 28,339 22, 266 1,293,697 2 461, 512 78,961 102, 026 20, 321 51,721 28,757 33,708 22,441 39, 231 176, 697 21,316 28,204 55,807 21,108 1890 44, 604 '36, 346 131,106 110,361 29,860 92, 104 39,279 73,312 36,981 78,800 96, 614 26,425 30,164 32, 637 102,320 80,865 23,087 133,896 19,902 88, 143 60,958 44,007 14, 725 32,033 11,557 20,066 27, 601 26,189 296,908 261, 353 88,150 61,220 17,666 15,981 4,863 14, 270 31,895 81,434 33,220 21,009 4,151 46,385 25,228 30, 337 20,226 14,481 40,634 39,385 11,872 21,806 32, Oil 20,741 11,600 19,791 1,046,964 "343,904 58,661 75,215 16, 944 37, 718 27, 132 20, 793 19, 467 27, 633 132,146 17,761 20,830 54,956 16,353 29,100 22,535 64, 496 76,168 PEE CENT OF INCREASE. 1 1900- 1910 \ 22,268 42,638 16,906 26,688 37,789 44,633 53,321 20,686 14, 675 38,067 10, 338 23,076 29,084 27,557 37,673 14,446 11.5 56.5 16.3 34.2 129.9 26.6 26.6 32.0 23.2 66.5 88.0 22.7 61.6 63.7 11.6 46.9 44.6 36.6 47.5 40.4 80.2 39.9 22.7 27.8 76.2 19.1 494.2 639.7 129.2 1890- 1900 8.0 8.2 21.4 59.2 23.0 -0.5 28.1 47.3 56.6 4.6 54.8 17.1 9.8 46.1 42.4 39.4 36.1 35.9 229.6 27.2 19.9 61.9 35.1 12.0 46.6 40.4 33.8 28.5 13.4 68.0 13.0 74.3 26.2 29.8 27.9 27.4 78.9 19.9 .54.4 64.8 13.9 29.5 24.7 65.0 28,0 144.3 25,2 12.5 19.7 23.6 IS. 2 ( 31.3 21.7 34.6 27.3 36.6 26.8 27.5 29,7 37.1 10.8 6.0 32.8 62.1 21.0 15.3 31.6 42.0 27.8 32.9 24.9 20.0 35.2 35.4 5.4 1.6 24.7 37.5 47.9 3.6 11.4 44.8 28.1 68.6 36.5 6.2 ,34.2 52.7 116.0 12.0 146.9 53.9 174.7 15.7 -2.1 29.9 76.6 62.0 81.2 41.5 27.7 43.2 lA minus sign (-)denotes decrease. « Population of New York and its boroughs as now constituted. » Includes population of Allegheny: 1900, 129,896; 1890, 105,287. POPULATION OF CITIES. 65 POPULATION OF CITIES HAVING, IN 1910, 25,000 INHABITANTS OR MORE, WITH PER CENT OF INCREASE: 1890-1910— Continued. Table 27— Continued. CITY. Utah Ogden Sdt Lake City Virginia Lynchburg Norfolk Portsmouth Eichmond Boanoke Washington Seattle Spokane Taooma POPULATION. 1910 25,580 92,777 29,494 67,462 33,190 127,628 34,874 237,194 104,402 83,743 1900 16,313 53,531 18,891 46, 624 17,427 85,050 21,495 80,671 36,848 37,714 1890 14,889 44,843 19,709 34,871 13,268 81,388 16, 159 42,837 19,922 36,006 PEK CENT OP mCEEASE.l 1900- 1910 56.8 73.3 66.1 44.7 90.5 60.1 62.2 194.0 183.3 122.0 1890- 1900 19.4 -4, 33, 31, 4, West Virginia Huntington Wheeling , Wisconsin Green Bay , La Crosse , Madison Milwaukee Oshkosh Racine , Sheboygan Superior POPULATION. 1910 31,161 41,641 25, 236 30,417 25, 531 373,867 33,062 38,002 26,398 40,384 1900 11,923 38,878 18,684 28,896 19,164 285,315 28,284 29,102 22,962 31,091 1890 25, 13, 204, 22, 21, 16, 11, PER CENT OP INCREASE.) 1900- 1910 161.4 7.1 35.1 5.3 33.2 31.0 16.9 30.6 15.0 29.9 1890- 1900 18.0 12.6 106.0 15.2 42.7 39.5 23.9 38.5 40.4 159.6 1 A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease. POPULATION OF PLACES HAVING, IN 1910, 2,500 INHABITANTS OR MORE: 1910, 1900, AND 1890. [This table includes all incorporated places having 2,500 inliabitants or more in 1910, so far as they have been returned by the census enumerators separate from the townships, precincts, districts, etc., of which they form a part. It also includes all towns in New England which had a population of 2,500 or more in 1910.] Table 2S crry, town, tillage, OR BOROUGH. Alabama Alabama City town.. Anniston city Attalla town Bessemer city Birmingham city Decatur city.. Dothan city . . Eufaula city. . Florence city. Oadsdencity. Girardcity Greenville city. . . Huntsville town. Jasper town Lanetttown Mobile city Montgomery city . . New Decatur city. Opelikacity PhenixCity Selmacity Sheffield city.. Talladega city. Troy city Tuscaloosa city Tuscumbia city Tiiskegee town Union Springs town. Arizona Bisbeecity Clifton city... Douglas city... Globe city Nogales town. , Phoenix city. Prescottcity.. Tucson city... Yuma town.. Arkansas Argentacity Arkadelphia city . Batesville city Blythevilletown. Camden city Conway city El Dorado city Eureka Springs city. . Fay ettevule city Fordyceclty 1910 4,313 12,794 2,513 10,864 132,685 4,228 7,016 4,259 6,689 10,657 4,214 3,377 7,611 2,509 3,820 51,521 38,136 6,118 4,734 4,555 13,649 4,865 5,864 4,961 8,407 3,324 2,803 4,055 9,019 4,874 6,437 7,083 3,514 11,134 6,092 13, 193 2,914 11,138 2,745 3,399 3,849 3,995 2,794 4,202 3,228 4,471 2,794 1900 2,276 9,695 1,692 6,358 38,416 3,114 3,275 4,532 6,478 4,282 3,840 3,162 8,068 1,661 2,909 38,469 30,346 4,437 4,246 4,163 8,713 3,333 5,056 4,097 6,094 2,348 2,170 2,634 1,761 5,644 3,669 7,631 2,739 2,327 302 2,840 2,003 1,009 3,572 4,061 1,710 1890 1,264 4,544 26,178 2,765 247 4,394 6,012 2,901 2,806 7,996 780 777 31,076 21,883 3,565 3,703 3,700 7,622 2,731 2,063 3,449 4,215 2,491 1,803 2,049 1,194 3,152 1,759 5,160 2,456 2,160 2,571 1,207 455 3,706 2,942 CITY, TOWN, vulage, OR BOROUGH. Arkansas — Con, Fort Smith city.. Helena city Hope city Hot Springs city.. Jonesboro city Little Rock city. Malvern town... Mariannacity Meoa town Newport town... Paragouldcity.... Pine Bluff city... Fresco tt town Rogers town Russellvillecity.. Stuttgart city Texarkana city '., Van Buren city... CalUomia Alameda city Alhambracity... Anaheim town.. Bakersfieldcity., Berkeley city Chicocity CoaUnga city Coltoncity Corona city Emeryville town. Eureka city Fresno city Glendalecity Grass Valley city . Hanlordcity Hayward town... Lodicity Long Beach city.. Los Angeles city.. MarysviUecity... Merced city Mill Valley town. Modesto city Monrovia city Monterey city Napa city Nevada City Oakland city Ocean Park city. Ontario city 1910 23,975 8,772 3,639 14,434 7,123 45,941 2,778 4,810 3,953 3,657 5,248 16, 102 2,706 2,820 2,936 2,740 5,655 3,878 23,383 6,021 2,628 12,727 40,434 3,760 4,199 3,980 3,540 2,613 11,845 24,892 2,746 4,520 4,829 2,746 2,697 17,809 319, 198 6,430 3,102 2,661 4,034 3,676 4,923 5,791 2,689 160, 174 3,119 4,274 1900 11,587 5,550 1,644 9,973 4,508 38,307 1,582 1,707 3,423 2,866 3,324 11,496 2,005 2,158 1,832 1,268 4,914 2,573 1,456 4,836 13,214 2,640 1,286 1,434 1,016 7,327 12,470 4,719 2,929 1,965 2,252 102,479 3,497 1,969 2,024 1,206 1,748 4,036 3,250 66,960 722 1890 11,311 5,189 1,937 8,086 2,065 25,874 1,520 1,126 1,571 1,666 ' 9,952 1,287 1,265 1,321 1,165 3,528 2,291 11,165 1,273 2,626 5,101 1,315 ""'228 4,858 10,818 942 1,419 564 50,395 3,991 2,009 2,402 907 1,662 4,395 2,524 48,682 683 CITY, TOWN, VILLAGE, OB BOROUGH. CalUomla— Con. Orange city Orovillecity... Oxnard city... Palo Alto city. Pasadena city. Petalumacity.. Pomona city . . . Portervillecity. Red Bluff city.. Redding city . , . Redlands city Redondo Beach city. , Richmond city.. Riverside city Rosevillecity , Sacramento city Salinas city San Bernardino city. San Diego city San Francisco city... San Jose city San Leandro city San Luis Obispo city. San Mateo city San Rafael city Santa Ana city Santa Barbara city. Santa Clara town. , . Santa Cruz city Santa Monica city, . Santa Rosa city South Pasadena city.. Stockton city Tulare city Vallejo city Ventura city Visaliacity WatsonviUecity.. Whittier city Woodland city... Colorado Alamosa town Boulder city Canon City Colorado City Colorado Springs city. 1910 2,920 3,859 2,555 4,486 30,291 6,880 10,207 2,696 3,530 3,572 10,449 2,935 6,802 16,212 2,608 44,696 3,736 12,779 39,578 416,912 28,946 3,471 5,157 4,384 5,934 f 8,429 11,659 4,348 11,146 7,847 7,817 4,649 23,253 2,758 11,340 2,945 4,550 4,446 4,550 3,187 3,013 9,539 5,162 4,333 29,078 1900 1,216 1,658 9,117 3,871 5,526 2,750 2,946 4,797 865 7,973 29,282 3,304 6,150 17,700 342,782 21,500 2,263 3,021 1,832 3,879 4,933 6,587 3,650 6,659 3,067 6,673 1,001 17,506 2,216 7,965 2,470 3,085 3,528 1,590 2,886 1,141 6,150 3,776 2,914 21,085 1890 " 1 Joint population of Texarkana city ,Miller County, Ark., and Texarkana city, Bowie County, Tex,: 1910, 15,445; 1900, 10,170; 1890, 6,380. 72497°— 13 5 3,692 3,634 2,608 1,821 1,904 603 26,386 2,339 4,012 16,159 298,997 18,060 '2,' 995 "'"3," 290 3,628 5,864 2,891 6,596 1,580 5,220 623 14,424 2,697 6,343 2,320 2,885 2,149 585 3,069 973 3,330 2,826 1,788 11,140 66 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. POPULATION OF PLACES HAVING, IN 1910, 2,500 INHABITANTS OR MORE: 1910, 1900, AND 1890— Continued. [This table includes all incorporated places having 2,500 inhabitants or more in 1910, so far as they have been returned by the census enumerators separate from the townships, precincts, districts, etc., of which they form a part. It also includes all towns in New England which had a population of 2,500 or more in 1910.] Xable 88— Con. CITY, TOWN, VILLAGE, OE BOBOUQH. Colorado— Con. Cripple Creek city Denver city Durango city Englewood city Florence city Fort Collins city Fort Morgan city Grand Junction city . . Greeley city La Junta city Lamar town Lcadvllle city Longmont city Lovelaud city Monte Vista town Montrose city Pueblo city Rocky Ford city SaUda city Sterling city Trinidad city Victor city Comiecticut Ansonia city Berlin town Bethel town i . . . Bethel borough Branford town Branford horough . . . Bridgeport city Bristol town Bristol borough Canton town Danbury town Danbury city Danielson borough (se( Killingly town). Darientown Derby city East Hartford town. . East Windsor town... Enfleldtown Essex town Fair&eld town Farmington town Glastonbury town Greenwich town Oreenwich borov^h. . Griswold town JewettCity borough. Grotontown Guilford town Hamden town Hartford city Huntington town SheUon borough Jewett City borough (see Griswold town). Killingly town Danielson borough . . , Litchfield town Manchester town Meriden town Meriien city Middletown town Midiletown city Milford town Montville town Naugatuck borough. . New Britain city New Canaan town New Haven city New London city New Milford town Newtown town Norwalk town Norwalk city , South Norwalk city. . . Norwich town , Norwichcity 1910 6,206 213,381 4,686 2,983 2,712 8,210 2,800 7,754 8,179 4,154 2,977 7,508 4,256 3,651 2,544 3,254 44,395 3,230 4,425 3,044 10,204 3,162 15, 152 3,728 3,792 SMi 6,047 g,660 102,054 13,502 9,127 2,732 23,502 10,134. 3,946 8,991 8,138 3,362 9,719 2,745 6,134 3,478 4,796 16,463 S,886 4,233 s,oes 6,495 3,001 5,850 98,915 0,545 4,m 6,564 2,934 3,005 13,641 32,066 20,749 11, SH 4,366 2,804 12,722 43,916 3,667 133,605 19,659 6,010 3,012 24,211 6,964 8,968 28,219 10,367 1900 10,147 133,859 3,317 3,728 3,053 634 3,503 3,023 2,513 987 12,455 2,201 1,091 556 1,217 28,157 2,018 3,722 998 5,345 4,986 12,681 3,448 3,327 B,mi 5,706 S,47S 70,996 9,643 6,268 2,678 19,474 16,637 3,116 7,930 6,406 3,158 6,699 2,530 4,489 3,331 4,260 12, 172 s,4m 3,490 2,214 5,962 2,785 4,626 79,860 5,572 B,8Sr 6,835 2,823 3,214 10,601 28,695 24,296 17,486 9,689 3,783 2,395 10,541 25,998 2,968 108,027 17,548 4,804 3,276 19,932 6,12B 6,691 24,637 t7,2St ' 1890 106,713 2,726 2,011 488 2,030 2,395 1,439 566 10,384 1,543 780 1,330 24,558 468 2,586 540 5,523 2,600 3,401 2,336 4,460 48,866 7,382 2,500 19,473 16,662 2,276 4,455 2,890 7,199 2,035 3,868 3,179 3,457 10,131 3,113 1,934 6,539 2,780 3,882 53,230 4,006 1,962 7,027 3,304 8,222 26,423 21,662 16,205 $,013 3,811 2,344 15,519 2,701 81,298 13,757 3,917 3,639 17,747 23,048 16,166 CITY, TOWN, VILLAGE, OB BOBOUGH. Connecticut— Con. Orange town West Haven borough. Plainfleld town Plainville town Plymouth town Portland town Putnam town Putnam city Ridgefield town Rockville city (see Ver- non town). Salisbury town Seymour town Shelton borough (sea Huntington town). Simsbury town Southington town Southington borough. South Norwalk city (see Norwalk town). Sprague town Stafford town Stafford Springs bor- ough Stamford town Stamford city Stonington town Stratford town Suffield town Thomaston town Thompson town Torrington town Tomngton borough. Vernon town Rockville city Wallingford town Wallingford borough. Waterbury city Waterford town Watertown town West Hartford town. . . West Haven borough (see Orange town). Westporttown Wethersfleld town Willimantic city (see Windham town). Winchester town Winsted borough Windham town Willimantic city Windsor town Windsor Locks town. . Winsted borough (see Winchester town). Delaware Dover town Milford town New Castle city.. Wilmington city.. District of Columbia Washington city ■ Florida Apalachicola city. Bartow town Daytouacity De Land city Fernandinacity.. Gainesville city... Jacksonville city. . Key West city Lake City Lakeland town. . . Live Oak city Miami city. .. Ooalacity Orlando city.. Palatkacity.. 1910 11,272 8,643 6,719 2,882 5,021 3,425 7,280 6,637 3,118 3,522 4,786 2,637 6,616 3,714 2,651 5,233 3,069 28,836 26,138 9,154 6,712 3,841 3,533 4,804 16,840 16,483 9,087 7,977 11,155 73,141 3,097 3,850 4,808 4,259 3,148 8,679 7,764 12,604 11,230 4,178 3,715 3,720 2,603 3,361 87,411 3,065 2,662 3,082 2,812 3,482 6,183 57,699 19,945 5,032 3,719 3,450 1,659 6,471 1,681 4,370 3,380 3,894 2,481 3,779 3,301 1 Coextensive with District ol Colombia. 1900 , 6,995 6,247 4,821 2,189 2,828 3,856 7,348 6,667 2,626 3,489 3,541 2,094 5,890 3,411 1,339 4,297 2,460 18,839 16,997 8,540 3,657 3,521 3,300 6,442 12,453 8,360 8,483 7,287 9,001 e,7S7 45,859 2,904 3,100 3,186 4,017 2,637 7,763 e,S04 10,137 8,937 3,614 3,062 3,329 2,500 3,380 76,508 278,718 3,077 1,983 1,690 1,449 3,245 3,633 28,429 17,114 4,013 1,180 1890 4,637 4,582 1,993 2,147 4,687 6,512 "2,'235 3,420 3,300 1,874 5,501 1,106 4,535 2,363 15,700 7,184 2,608 3,169 3,278 6,680 6,048 4,283 8,808 7,772 6,684 4,230 28,646 2,661 2,323 1,930 3,715 2,271 6,183 4,84B 10,032 S,64S 2,954 2,758 3,061 2,565 4,010 61,431 230,392 2,727 1,386 771 1,113 2,803 2,790 17,201 18,080 2,020 552 687 2,904 2,856 3,039 CITT, TOWN, VILLAGE, OB BOBOUGH. Florida— Con. Pensacola city Quincycity St. Augustine city. - St. Petersburg town Sanfordcity Tallahassee city Tampa city West Tampa city. . . Georgia Albany city /Imericus city Athens city Atlanta city Augusta city Bainbridge city Barnesville city Brunswick city Carrollton town Cartersville city Cedartown town Columbus city Cordele city Covington city Cuthbert town Daltoncity Dawson city Douglas city Dublin city East Point town Elberton city Fitzgerald city Fort Valley town... Gainesville city Griffin city Hawkinsville city . . . La Grange city Macon city Marietta city Milledgeville city Monroe city Moultrie town Newnan city Quitman city Rome city Sandersville city Savannah city Statesboro city Summerville town . . Thomasville town. . Toccoatown Valdosta city Washington city Waycross city Waynesboro town . . Idaho Boise city Caldwell city Coeur d' Alene city . . Idaho Fails city Lewiston city Moscow city Nampacity Pocatello city Sandpoint city . Twin Falls city Wallace city Weisercity Illinois Alton city Anna city Aurora city Averyville village . . Bataviacity Beardstown city Belleville city Belvidere city Benton city Berwyncity , 1910 3,204 6,494 4,127 3,570 5,018 37,782 8,258 8,190 8,063 14,913 154,839 41,040 4,217 3,068 10, 182 3,297 4,067 3,551 20,554 5,883 2,697 3,210 6,324 3,827 3,550 6,796 3,682 6,483 6,795 2,697 6,925 7,478 3,420 5,587 40,665 5,949 4,385 3,029 3,349 5,548 3,915 12,099 2,641 65,064 2,529 4,361 6,727 3,120 7,666 3,065 14,485 2,729 17,358 3,543 7,291 4,827 6,043 3,670 4,205 9,110 2,993 5,258 3,000 2,600 17,628 2,809 29,807 2,668 4,436 6,107 21,122 7,253 2,676 5,841 1900 17,747 847 4,272 1,675 1,450 2,981 15,839 2,356 4,606 7,674 10,246 89,872 39,441 2,641 3,036 9,081 1,998 3,135 2,823 17,614 3,473 2,062 2,641 4,315 2,926 617 2,987 1,316 3,834 1,817 2,022 4,382 6,857 2,103 4,274 23,272 4,446 4,219 1,846 2,221 3,654 2,281 7,291 2,023 54,244 1,197 3,245 5,322 2,176 5,613 3,300 5,919 2,030 6,957 997 608 1,262 2,425 2,484 799 4,046 2,265 1,364 14,210 2,618 24,147 1,573 3,871 4,827 17,484 6,937 1,341 1890 11,750 681 4,742 273 2,016 2,934 5,532 4,008 6,398 8,639 65,633 33,300 1,668 1,839 8,469 1,461 3,171 1,625 17,303 1,578 1,823 2,328 3,046 2,284 738 1,572 1,752 3,202 4,503 1,765 3,090 22,746 3,384 3,322 983 2,869 1,868 6,9S7 1,760 43,189 425 5,514 1,120 2,854 2,631 3,364 1,711 2,311 779 491 849 ■347 878 901 10,294 2,295 19,688 3,543 4,226 15,361 3,867 POPULATION OF CITIES. 67 POPULATION OF PLACES HAVING, IN 1910, 2,500 INHABITANTS OR MORE: 1910, 1900, AND 1890— Continued. (This table Includes all Incorporated places having 2,600 Inhabitants or more in 1910, so far as they have been retvimed by the census enumerators separate from the townships, precincts, districts, etc., of which they form a part. It also includes all towns in New England which had a population of 2,500 or more in 1910.] Table 28— Con. CITY, TOWN, VILLAGE, OK BOEOUQH. Illinois— C!on. Bloomington city.. . Blue Island village. Bridgeport city Bushnellcity Cairo city Canton city Carbondale city . Carllnvillecity.. Carmicity Carterville city. . Centralia cits; Champaign city. Charleston city.. Chester city Chicago city Chicago Heights city. . Cicero town Clinton city Coaiaty CollinsviUe city Danville city Decatur city Dekalb city Dixon city Downers Grove village Duquoincity East Moline city East St. Louis city. . Edwardsvillecity.. EfSnghamcity Eldorado city.. Elgin city Evanstondty. Fairburyoity.. Flora city Forest Park village. Freeporteity Galena city Galesburg city Geneseocity Granite city Greenville city.. Harrisburg city. Harvard city Harvey city Havana city Herrincity Highland city Highland Park city.. HJUsborocity Hoopestoncity... Jacksonville city. Jerseyville city. . . Johnston city JoUet city Kankakee city Kewaneecity La Grange village. La Salle city Lake Forest city.. Lawrenceville city. Lincoln city Litchfield city Lockportcity Macomb city Madison village.. Marion city Marseilles city... Marshall city Mattoon city — Maywood village Melrose Park village. Mendotadty Metropolis city Moline city. 1910 2B,768 8,043 2,703 2,619 14,548 10,453 6,411 3,616 2,833 2,971 9,680 12,421 6,884 2,747 !, 186, 283 14, 625 14,667 6,165 2,667 7,478 27,871 31,140 8,102 7,216 2,601 5,464 2,665 68,547 5,014 3,898 3,366 26,976 24,978 2,605 2,704 6,694 17,667 4,835 22,089 3,199 9,903 3,178 5,309 3,008 7,227 3,526 6,861 2,67S 4,209 3,424 4,698 15,326 4,113 3,248 34,670 13,986 9,307 5,282 11,637 3,349 3,235 10,892 5,971 2,655 6,774 5,046 7,093 3,291 2,569 11,456 4,806 3,806 4,666 24,199 1900 23,286 6,114 487 2,490 12,566 6,664 3,318 3,602 2,939 1,749 6,721 9,098 5,488 2,832 1, 698, 575 6,100 16,310 4,462 2,607 4,021 16,354 20,754 6,904 7,917 2,103 4,363 29,666 4,167 3,774 1,445 22,433 19,269 2,187 2,311 4,086 13,258 6,005 18,607 3,356 3,122 2,504 2,202 2,602 6,395 3,268 1,569 1,970 2,806 1,937 15,078 3,617 787 29,353 13,595 8,382 3,969 10,446 2,215 1,300 8,962 5,918 2,659 5,375 1,979 2,610 2.659 2,077 9,622 4,532 2,692 3,736 4,069 17,248 1890 20,484 3,329 474 2,314 10,324 6,604 2,382 3,293 2,786 4,763 5,839 4,136 2,708 1,099,850 10,204 2,698 1,672 3,498 11, 491 16,841 2,579 5,161 960 4,052 15, 169 3,561 3,260 17,823 2,324 1,696 10,189 5,636 15,264 3,182 1,868 1,723 1,967 2,625 1,857 2,163 1,911 12, 935 3,207 23,264 9,025 4,569 2,314 9,855 1,203 865 6,725 5,811 2,449 4,052 1,338 2,210 1,900 6,833 3,542 3,673 12,000 CITY, TOWN, VILLAOE, OE BOBOUGH. Illinois— Con. Monmouth city Morgan Park village. Morris city Mound City Mount Carmel city . . Mount Olive village . . Mount Vernon city . . . Murphysboro city Naperville city Normal town North Chicago city. . Oak Park village. . . Olney city Ottawa city Panacity Paris city... Paxtoncity. Pekincity. - Peoria city . . Peru city Petersburg city Pinckney vllle city . Pontiaccity Portland city Princeton city Quincy city Robinson city Bochelle city Rock Falls city. . Rock Island city . Rockfordcity... St. Charles city. Salem city Sandwich city. . Savanna city Shelbyville city . . . Sparta city Spring Valley city. Springfield city Staunton city Sterling city Streatorcity Sullivan city Sycamore city... Taylorvillecity. Upper Alton city. Urbanacity Vandahacity Venice city Virdencity Waukegan city WestHammond village Westville village Wheaton city White Hall city Wilmette village.. Winnetka village. Woodstock city. . . ZionCity Indiana Alexandria city. . Anderson city... Angola city Attica city Auburn city Aurora city Bedford city Bioknelltown Bloomington city. . Blufl ton city Boon ville city Brazil city Clarksville town. . . Clinton city Columbia City 1910 9,128 3,694 4,563 2,837 6,934 3,601 8,007 7,485 3,449 4,024 3,306 19,444 6,011 • 9,536 6,065 7,664 2,912 9,897 66,960 7,984 2,687 2,722 6,090 3,194 4,131 36, 587 3,863 2,732 2,667 24,335 45,401 4,046 2,669 2,657 3,691 3,590 3,081 7,035 51,678 5,048 7,467 14,263 2,621 3,926 5,446 2,918 8,246 2,974 3,718 4,000 16, 069 4,948 2,607 3,423 2,854 4,943 3,168 4,331 4,789 5,096 22,4-6 2,610 3,335 3,919 4,410 8,716 2,794 8,838 4,987 3,934 9,340 2,743 6,229 3,448 1900 7,460 2,329 4,273 2,705 4,311 2,936 5,216 6,463 2,629 3,795 1,150 4,260 10,6fe 6,630 6,106 3,036 8,420 56,100 6,863 2,807 2,367 4,266 4,023 36,262 1,683 2,073 2,176 19,493 31,061 2,675 1,642 2,620 3,326 3,646 2,941 6,214 34,169 2,786 6,309 14,079 2,399 3,663 4,248 2,373 5,728 2,665 2,460 2,280 9,426 2,936 1,606 2,345 2,300 1,833 2,602 7,221 20,178 2,141 3,005 3,396 3,645 6,116 6,460 4,479 2,849 7,786 2,370 2,918 2,975 1890 6,936 1,027 3,663 3,376 1,986 3,233 3,880 2,216 3,469 3,831 9,985 6,077 4,996 2,187 6,347 41,024 6,650 2,342 1,298 2,784 3,396 31, 494 1,387 1,780 1,900 13,634 23,684 1,690 1,493 2,616 3,097 3,162 1,979 3,837 24,963 2,209 5,824 11,414 1,468 2,987 2,829 1,803 3,511 2,144 932 1,610 4,916 1,622 1,961 1,468 1,079 1,683 715 10,741 1,840 2,320 2,415 3,929 3,351 4,018 3,589 1,881 6,905 1,692 1,365 3,027 CITY, TOWN, VILLAGE, OE BOKOUGH. Indiana — Con. dblumbus city Conners ville city Crawfords ville city. Crown Point town.. Decatur city Dunkirk city East Chicago city. . Elkhart city Elwoodcity E vansville city Fairmount town.. Fort Wayne city . Frankfort city Franklin city Garrett city Gary city Gas City Goshen city Greencastle city . Greenfield city... Greensburgcity.. Hammond city. . . Hartford City Himtington city. . Indianapolis city . Jason ville town Jeflersonvtlle city. . Kendall ville city. . Kokomocity Lafayette city Laporte City Lawrenceburg city . Lebanon city Linton city Logansport city Madison city Marion city Martinsville city. . Michigan City Mishawaka city . . . Mitchell city Montpelier city Mount Vernon city . Munciecity New Albany city . . . New Castle city Noblesville city North Vernon city.. Peru city Plymouth city Portland city... Princeton city.. Richmond city. Rochester city. . Rocltportcity.. Rush ville city Seymour city Shelbyville city... South Bend city.. Sullivan city Tell City Terre Haute city. Tiptxm city Union City i Valparaiso city . . . Vineennes city Wabash city Warsaw city Washington city. . West Lafayette town West Terre Haute town Whiting city Winchester city ; . . . lova Albiacity Algonacity Ames city Anamosacity.. Atlantic city... 1910 8,813 7,738 9,371 2,626 4,471 3,031 19,098 19,282 11,028 69,647 2,506 63,933 8,634 4,602 4,149 16,802 3,224 8,514 3,790 4,448 5,420 20,926 6,187 10,272 233,650 3,295 10,412 4,981 17,010 20,081 10,626 3,930 5,474 6,906 19, 060 6,934 19,369 4,629 19, 027 11,886 3,438 2,786 6,663 24,005 20,629 9,446 5,073 2,915 10,910 3,838 5,130 6,448 22,324 8,364 2,736 4,926 6,306 9,600 53,684 4,115 3,369 58,157 4,076 3,209 6,987 14,895 8,687 4,430 7,854 3,867 3,083 6,687 4,266 4,969 2,908 4,223 2,983 4,660 1900 8,130 6,836 6,649 2,336 4,142 3,187 3,411 16,184 12,950 59,007 3,205 46, 116 7,100 4,005 3,910 3,622 7,810 3,661 4,489 5,034 12,376 5,912 9,491 169, 164 .10,774 3,354 10,609 18,116 7,113 4,326 4,466 3,071 16,204 7,835 17,337 4,038 14,860 6,660 1,772 3,405 6,132 20,942 20,628 3,406 4,792 2,823 8,463 3,666 4,798 6,041 18,226 3,421 4,541 6,445 7,169 35,999 3,118 2,680 36,673 3,764 2,716 6,280 10,249 8,618 3,987 8,661 2,302 661 3,983 3,705 2,889 2,911 2,422 2,891 6,046 1890 6,719 4,643 6,089 1,907 3,142 1,024 1,266 11,360 2,284 60,756 1,462 36,393 6,919 3,781 2,767 145 6,033 4,390 3,100 3,596 5,428 2,287 7,328 106,436 10,666 2,960 8,261 16,243 7,126 4,284 3,682 968 13,328 8,769 2,680 10,776 3,371 1,583 808 4,706 11,345 21,069 2,697 3,054 2,012 7,028 2,723 3,725 3,076 16,608 2,467 2,314 3,475 6,337 6,461 21,819 2,222 2,094 30,217 2,697 2,681 5,090 8,853 5,105 3,674 6,064 1,242 1,408 3,014 2,369 2,068 1,276 2,078 4,361 1 Joint population of Union City, Randolph County, Ind., and Union City village, Darke County, Ohio: 1910, 4,804; 1900, 3,998; 1890, 3,974. 68 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. POPULATION OF PLACES HAVING, IN 1910, 2,500 INHABITANTS OR MORE: 1910, 1900, AND 1890— Continued. [This table inoludes all inoorporated places having 2,500 Inhabitants or more in 1910, so far as they have been returned by the census enumerators separate fram the townships, preoiacts, districts, etc. , of which they lorm a part. It also includes all towns in New England which had a population ol 2,500 or more i n 1910.] Table 28— Con. CITT, TOWN, VILLAGE, OB BOROUGH. Iowa— Con. Belle Plaine city Boone city Burlington city Carroll city Cedar Falls city Cedar Rapids city . . . Centervillecity Chariton city Charles City , Cherokee city Clarinda city Clinton city Colfax city Council Bluffs city. . Crescocity CrestoncJty Davenport city DecorA city Denison city Des Moines city Dubuque city Eagle Grove city Bstherville city Fairfield city Fort Dodge city Fort Madison city . . Glenwood city Grinnellcity Hampton city Harlan city Independence city. . Indianolacity Iowa City Iowa Falls city Eeolnikcity Enoxville city Le Mars city Manehestercity Maq^uoketa city Marion city Marshalltowncity . . Mason City Missouri Valley city . Mount Pleasant city Muscatine city Mystic town Newton city Oelweincity Oskaloosa city Ottumwacity Fella city Perry city Red Oak city Sheldon city Shenandoah city Sioux City Spencer city Valley Junction city, Vinton city Washington city Waterloo city Waverly city Webster City Wintersetcity Kansas Abilene city Anthony city Arkansas City Atchison city Beloiteity Caneycitjf Chanute city Cherryvale city Clay Center city Coffey ville city Columbus city Concordia city Council Grove city.. Dodge city Eldorado city Emporia city Fort Scott city Fredoniacity Frontenac city Galena city 1910 3,121 10,347 24,324 3,546 5,012 32,811 6,936 3,794 5,892 4,884 3,832 26,577 2,624 29, 292 2,668 6,924 43,028 3,592 3,133 38,494 3,387 3,404 4,970 15, 543 8,900 4,062 5,036 2,617 2,570 3,517 3,283 10,091 2,797 14,008 3,190 4,167 2,758 3,570 4,400 13,374 11,230 3,187 3,874 16, 178 2,663 4,616 6,028 9,406 22, 012 3,021 4,630 4,830 2,941 4,976 47,828 3,006 2,573 3,336 4,380 26, 693 3,295 6,298 2,818 4,118 2,609 7,508 16,429 3,082 3,597 9,272 4,304 3,438 12,687 3,064 4,415 2,646 3,214 3,129 9,068 10, 463 3,040 3,396 6,096 1900 8,880 23,201 2,882 5,319 25,656 5,256 3,989 4,227 3,865 3,276 22,698 2,053 25,802 2,806 7,752 35,254 3,246 2,771 62, 139 36,297 3,657 3,237 4,689 12, 162 9,278 3,040 3,860 2,727 2,422 3,656 3,261 7,987 2,840 14,641 3,131 4,146 2,887 3,777 4,102 11,544 6,746 4,010 4,109 14,073 1,768 3,682 5,142 9,212 18,197 2,623 3,986 4,355 2,282 3,573 33, 111 3,095 1,700 3,499 4,266 12,880 3,177 4,613 3,039 3,607 1,179 6,140 15,722 2,359 887 4,208 3,472 3,069 4,953 2,310 3,401 2,2G5 1,942 3,466 8,223 10,322 1,650 1,806 10,155 1890 2,626 6,520 22,565 2,448 3,459 18,020 3,668 3,122 2,802 3,441 3,262 13, 619 957 21,474 2,018 7,200 26, 872 2,801 1,782 50,093 30,311 1,881 1,475 3,391 4,871 7,901 1.890 31332 2,067 1,765 3,163 2,254 7,016 1,796 14, 101 2,632 4,036 2,344 3,077 3,094 8,914 4,007 2,797 3,997 11,454 876 2,564 830 6,558 14,001 2,408 2,880 3,321 1,478 2,440 37,806 1,813 2,865 3,235 6,674 2,346 2,829 2,281 3,547 1,806 8,347 13, 963 2,455 542 2,826 2,104 2,802 2,282 2,160 3,184 2,211 1,763 3,339 7,551 11,946 1,515 600 2,496 CITY, TOWN, VILLAGE, OB BOEOITGH. Kansas — Con. Garden city Great Bend city Herington city Hiawatha city Holtoncity Hortonoity Humboldt city Hutchinson city Independence city . . . Ida city Junction city KansEks City Kingman city Lamed city Lawrence city Leavenworth city. . . McPherson city Manhattan city Neodesha city Newton city Olathecity Osawatomie city Ottawa city Paolacity Parsons city Pittsburg city Pratt city Rosedale city Salinacity Topeka city Wellington city Wichita city Winfleldcity Kentucky Ashland city Bellevue city Bowling Green city.. Catlettsburg city Central City town . . . Corbin town Covington city C3mthiana city Danville city Dayton city, Earlington city Frankfort city Franklin city Fulton town Georgetown town Harrodsburg city Henderson city Hiclanan town Hopkinsville city Lebanon city Lexington city Louisville city Ludlow town Madisonville city Mayfleldcity Maysville city Miadlesboro city Morganfleld city Mount Sterling city.. Newport city Nioholasville city O wensboro city Padueah city Paris city Princeton town Richmond city Russellville city Shelbyville city Somerset city Winchester city Louisiana Abbeville town Alexandria city Baton Rouge city Covington town Crowley city Donaldsonville town Franklin town Hammond town Houma town Jennings town 1910 3,171 4,622 3,273 2,974 2,842 3,600 2,548 16,364 10,480 9,032 5,598 82,331 2,570 2,911 12,374 19,363 3,546 5,722 2,872 7,862 3,272 4,046 7,650 3,207 12,463 14,766 3,302 5,960 43,684 7,034 52,460 6,700 6,683 9,173 3,520 2,545 2,589 53,270 3,603 6,420 6,979 3,931 10,465 3,063 2,575 4,633 3,147 11,462 2,736 9,419 3,077 35,099 223,928 4,163 4,966 6,916 6,141 7,306 2,726 3,932 30,309 2,935 16,011 22,760 6,869 3,015 6,340 3,111 3,412 4,491 7,156 2,907 11,213 14,897 2,601 5,099 4,090 3,857 2,942 5,024 3,925 1900 1,590 2,470 1,607 2,829 3,082 3,398 1,402 9,379 4,851 5,791 4,695 61,418 1,785 1,583 10,862 20,735 2,996 3,438 1,772 6,208 3,451 4,191 6,934 3,144 7,682 10, 112 1,213 3,270 6,074 33,608 4,245 24,671 5,654 6,800 6,332 8,226 3,081 1,348 1,544 42,938 3,257 4,285 6,104 3,012 9,487 2,166 2,860 3,823 2,876 10,272 1,589 7,280 3,043 26,369 204,731 3,334 3,628 4,081 6,423 4,162 2,046 3,561 28,301 2,393 13, 189 19,446 4,603 2,656 4,653 2,691 3,016 3,384 5,964 1,536 5,648 11,269 1,205 4,214 4,105 2,692 1,511 3,212 1,539 1890 1,490 2,450 1,353 2,486 2,727 3,316 1,361 8,682 3,127 1,706 4,502 38,316 2,390 1,861 9,997 19,768 3,172 3,004 1,528 6,606 3,294 2,662 6,248 2,943 6,736 1,418 2,276 6,149 31,007 4,391 23,863 5,184 4,195 3,163 7,803 1,374 1,144 37,371 3,016 3,766 4,264 1,748 7,892 2,324 1,818 3,230 8,835 1,652 6,833 2,816 21,567 161, 129 2,469 2,212 2,909 5,358 3,271 1,094 3,629 24, 918 2,167 9,837 12, 797 4,218 1,867 5,073 2,253 2,679 2,625 4,519 637 2,861 10, 478 976 420 3,121 2,127 692 1,280 412 CITY, TOWN, VILLAGE, OE BOEOUGH. Louisiana- Con. Kentwood town. . . Lafayette town Lake Charles city.. Minden town Monroe city Morgan City Natchitoches town. New Iberia city New Orleans city. . Opelousas town Patterson town Plaquemine town.. Ruston town Shreveport city. . . Thlbodaux town. Winnfield town... Ualne Auburn city. . Augusta city. Bangor city... Bath city Bellaetcity... Biddeford city Brewer city Bridgton town Brunswick town Brunswick village. Calais city Camden town Caribou town Chelsea town Dexter town East Livermore town. Eastport city Eden town Ellsworth city Fairfield town Fairfield village, Farmington town.. Fort Fairfield town.. Fort Kent town Gardiner city Gorham town Hallowell city Houlton town Jay town Kennebunk town.. Kittery town Lewistoncity Lisbon town Lubectown Madison town MUlinocket town. Milo town Norway town... Old Town city.. Orono town Paris town Pittsfieldtown. Portland city Presque Isle town. . Preaque Isle village. Rockland city Rirmford town Rumford Falls village Sacocity Sanlord town Skowhegan town South Berwick town. South Portland city. . Van Buren town 1910 Waldoborotown.. Waterviile oity . . . Westbrook city . . . Winslow town York town Maryland Annapolis city Baltimore oity Brunswick town... Cambridge town. . . Chestertown town. 3,609 6,392 11,449 3,002 10,209 6,477 2,632 7,499 339,075 4,623 2,998 4,955 3,377 28,015 3,824 2,925 15,064 13,211 24,803 9,396 4,618 17,079 5,667 2,660 6,621 l,W 6,116 3,016 6,377 3,216 3,630 2,641 4,961 4,441 3,549 4,435 2,801 3,210 4,381 3,710 5,311 2,822 2,864 6,846 2,987 3,099 3,533 26,247 4,116 3,363 3,379 3,368 2,566 3,002 6,317 3,555 3,436 2,891 58,671 5,179 «,9S« 8,174 6,777 6,683 9,049 5,341 2,935 7,471 3,065 2,656 11,458 8,281 2,709 2,802 8,609 558,485 3,721 6,407 2,735 1900 1,313 3,314 6,680 1,661 5,428 2,332 2,388 6,glS 287, 104 2,961 3,590 1,324 16,013 3,253 12,951 11,683 21,850 10,477 4,615 16,145 4,835 2,868 6,806 S,S10 7,655 2,825 4,758 3,092 2,941 2,129 5,311 4,379 4,297 3,878 3,288 4,181 2,528 5,501 2,540 2,714 4,686 2,758 3,228 2,872 23,761 3,603 3,005 2,764 1,150 2,902 5,763 3,257 3,225 2,891 50,145 3,804 1,218 8,150 3,770 S,B9B 6,122 6,078 5,180 3,188 6,287 1,878 3,145 9,477 7,283 2,277 2,668 8,525 508,967 2,471 5,747 3,008 1890 2,106 3,442 1,293 3,256 2,291 1,820 3,447 242,039 1,572 3,222 767 11,979 2,078 11,250 10,527 19,103 8,723 5,294 14,443 4,193 2,605 6,012 7,290 4,621 4,087 2,356 2,732 1,S06 4,908 1,946 4,804 3,510 S,1S0 3,207 3,526 1,826 5,491 2,888 3,181 4,015" 1,541 3,172 2,864 21,701 3,120 2,069 1,815 1,029 2,665 5,312 2,790 3,156 2,503 36,425 3,046 l,S6i 8,174 6,075 4,201 5,068 3,434 1,168 3,505 7,107 6,632 1,814 2,444 7,604 434,439 4,192 2,632 POPULATION OF CITIES. 69 POPULATION OF PLACES HAVING, IN 1910, 2,500 INHABITANTS OR MORE: 1910, 1900, AND 1890— Continued. [This table Includes all.lnoorporated places having 2,500 Inhabitants or more in 1910, so far as they have been returned by the census enumerators separate from the townships, precincts, districts, etc., of which they form a part. It also includes all towns in New England which had a population of 2,600 or more in 1910.] Table 28-Ck)n. OITY, TOWN, VILLAGE, OB BOROUGH. Maryland— Con. Oiisfieldtown Cumberland city . Eastontown Frederick city Frostburg town. . . Hagerstown city Havre de Grace city . Salisbury town Westeroport town. . . Westminster city Massachusetts Abingtontown.. Adams town Agawamtown... Amesbury town . Amherst town. . . Andover town Arlington town Atholtown Attleborough town . Ayertown Barnstable town. Barretown Belmont town Beverly city Billerica town Blackstone town... Boston city Braintree town Bridgewater town. • Brockton city Brookline town. . . Cambridge city... Canton town Chelmsford town. Chelsea city Chlcopeeoity.. Clinton town.. Cohasset town. Concord town., Daltontown... 1910 Danverstown Dartmouth town. Dedham town Dracuttown Dudley town East Bridgewater town Easthampton town. . Eastontown Everettcity Fairhaven town Fall River city Falmouth town Fltchburg city Foxborough town Framingham town Franklin town Oardner town Gloucester city Grafton town Great Barrington town Greenfield town. Hardwlcktown.. Haverhill city... Hingham town.. Holbrooktown.. HoUistontown... Holyokecity Hudson town Hyde Park town. Ipswich town Lawrence city Lee town Leicester town Lenox town Leominster town . Lexington town . . LowMl city Ludlow town Lynn city Maiden city 3,468 21,839 3,083 10, 411 6,028 16,607 4,212 6,690 2,702 3,296 5,455 13,026 3,501 9,894 5,112 7,301 11,187 8,536 16,215 2,797 4,676 2,957 6,642 18, 650 2,789 5,648 670, 585 8,066 7,688 56,878 27,792 104,839 4,797 6,010 32, 452 25,401 13,076 2,686 6,421 3,568 9,407 4,378 9,284 3,461 4,267 8,524 5,139 33,484 5, '22 119,296 3,M4 37,826 3,863 12,948 5,641 14,699 24,398 6,706 5,926 10,427 3,624 44,115 4,965 2,816 2,711 57,730 6,743 15,507 5,777 85,892 4,106 3,237 3,060 17,680 4,918 106,294 4,948 89,336 44,404 1900 3,165 17,128 3,074 9,296 5,274 13,591 3,423 4,277 1,998 3,199 4,489 11,134 2,536 9,473 5,028 6,813 8,603 7«061 11,335 2,446 4,364 2,069 3,929 13,884 2,775 6,721 660,892 6,981 5,806 40,063 19,935 91,886 4,584 3,984 34,072 19,167 13,667 2,759 5,662 3,014 8,542 3,669 7,457 3,253 :,553 3,026 5,603 4,837 24,336 3,667 104,863 3,500 31,531 3,266 11,302 6,017 10,813 26,121 4,869 6,854 7,927 3,203 37,175 5,059 2,229 45,712 5,464 13,244 4,668 62,659 3,696 3,416 2,942 12,392 3,831 94,969 3,536 68,513 33,664 1890 1,565 12,729 2,939 8,193 3,804 10,118 3,244 2,905 1,626 2,903 4,260 9,213 2,362 9,798 4,612 6,142 5,629 6,319 7,677 2,148 4,023 2,239 2,098 10,821 2,380 6,138 448, 477 4,848 4,249 27,294 12,103 70,028 4,638 2,896 27,909 14,060 10,424 2,448 4,427 2,885 7,454 3,122 7,123 1,996 3,944 2,911 4,395 4,493 11,068 2,919 74,398 2,567 22,037 2,933 9,239 4,831 8,424 24,651 5,002 4,612 5,262 2,922 27, 412 4,564 2,474 2,619 36,637 4,670 10,193 4,439 44,654 3,785 3,120 2,889 7,269 3,197 77,696 1,939 65,727 23,031 CITY, TOWN, VILLAGE, OB BOEOUGH. Massachusetts — Con. Manchester town Mansfield town Marblehead town Marlborough city Maynard town Medfleld town Medfordcity Medway town Melrose city Methuen town Middleborough town. . Milford town. Millbury town Milton town Monson town Montague town Nantucket town Natiektown Needham town New Bedford city Newburyport city Newton city North Adams city North Andover town . , North Attleborough town North Brookfield town. Northampton city Northbridge town Norton town Norwood town Orange town Oxford town Palmer town Peabody town Pepperell town Pittsfield city Plymouth town Provincetown town... Quincycity Randolph town Reading town Revere town Rockland town Rockport town Salem city Saugustown Somerset town Somervllle city Southbridge town South Hadley town... Spencer town Springfield city Stoneham town Stoughton town Sutton town Swampscott town Taunton city Templeton town Tewksbury town Uxbridge town Wakefield town Walpole town Waltham city Ware town Wareham to\/n Warren town Watertown town Webster town Wellesley town West Springfield town Westborough town Westfield town Westford town Westport town Weymouth town Whitman town Williamstown town . . . Winchendon town Winchester town Winthrop town Wobum city Worcester city 1910 2,673 5,183 7,338 14,579 6,390 3,466 23,160 2,696 16,716 11,448 8,214 13,055 4,740 7,924 4,768 2,962 9,866 6,026 96,652 14,949 39,806 22,019 6,629 9,662 3,075 19, 431 8,807 2,544 8,014 6,282 3,361 8,610 16,721 2,953 32, 121 12,141 4,369 32,642 4,301 5,818 18,219 6,928 4,211 43,697 8,047 2,798 77,236 12,592 4,894 6,740 88,926 7,090 6,316 3,078 6,204 34,259 3,766 3,750 4,671 11,404 4,892 27,834 8,774 4,102 4,188 12,875 11,509 5,413 9,224 6,446 16,044 2,851 2,928 12,896 7,292 3,708 5,678 9,309 10,132 16,308 146,986 1900 2,522 4,006 7,582 13,609 3,142 2,926 18,244 2,761 12,962 7,512 6,885 11,376 4,460 6,578 3,402 6,150 3,006 9,488 4,016 62,442 14, 478 33, 687 24,200 4,243 7,263 4,587 18,643 7,036 1,826 5,480 5,620 2,677 7,801 11,523 3,701 21,766 9,592 4,247 23,899 3,993 4,969 10,395 5,327 4,592 36,956 5,084 2,241 61,643 10,025 4,526 7,627 62,059 6,197 5,442 3,328 4,648 31,036 3,489 3,683 3,699 9,290 3,572 23,481 8,263 3,432 4,417 9,706 8,804 6,072 7,105 5,400 12,310 2,624 2,890 11,324 6,155 6,013 5,001 7,248 6,058 14,254 118,421 1890 1,789 3,432 8,202 13,806 2,700 1,493 11,079 2,986 8,519 4,814 6,065 8,780 4,428 4,278 3,650 3,268 9,118 3,036 40, 733 13,947 24,379 16,074 3,742 6,727 3,871 14,990 4,603 1,785 3,733 4,568 2,616 6,620 10, 158 3,127 17,281 7,314 4,642 16,723 3,946 4,088 5,668 6,213 4,087 30,801 3,673 2,106 40,152 7,656 4,261 8,747 44, 179 6,155 4,852 3,180 3,198 26,448 2,999 2,515 3,408 2,604 18,707 7,329 3,461 4,681 7,073 7,031 3,600 5,077 5,196 9,806 2,250 2,599 10,866 4,441 4,221 4,390 4,861 2,726 13,499 84,655 CITT, TOWN, VILLAGE, OB BOKOTTGH. Michigan Adrian city , Albion city Allegan city Alma city .^ Alpena city Ann Arbor city Battle Creek city Bay City Belding city Benton Harbor city Bessemer city Big Rapids city Boyne city Cadillac city , Charlotte city Cheboygan city Coldwater city Crystal Falls city Detroit city Dowagiac city East Jordan village Escanaba city Fliutcity Gladstone city Grand Haven city Grand Ledge city Grand Rapids city Greenville city Hamtramck village Hancock city Hastings city Highland Park village Hillsdale city Holland city Houghton village Ionia city Iron Mountain city Ironwood city Ishpeming city Jackson city Kalamazoo city Lansing city Lapeer city Laurium village Ludington city Manistee city Manistlque city Marine City Marquette city Marshall city Menominee city Midland city Monroe city , Mount Clemens city. . . Mount Pleasant city. . . Munising village Muskegon city , Negaunee city Nilescity , Norway city Onaway city Otsego village Owosso city Petoskey city Pontiaccity Port Huron city Red Jacket village River Rouge village. . . Saginaw city , St. Clair city St. Johns city St. Joseph city Sault Ste. Marie city. . , South Haven city Sturgiscity , Three Rivers city Traverse City Wyandotte city Ypsilanti city 1910 10,763 6,833 3,419 2,757 12,706 14,817 25,267 45,166 4,119 9,186 4,683 4,519 6,218 8,376 4,886 6,859 5,945 3,775 465,766 6,088 2,616 13, 194 38,550 4,211 6,856 2,893 112,571 4,046 3,559 8,981 4,383 4,120 6,001 10,490 5,113 5,030 9,216 12,821 12,448 31,433 39,437 31,229 3,946 8,637 9,132 12,381 4,722 3,7'0 11,503 4,236 10,507 2,627 6,893 7,707 3,972 2,962 24,062 8,460 6,156 4,974 2,702 2,812 9,639 4,778 14,532 18,863 4,211 4,103 60, 310 2,633 3,154 6,936 12,615 3,577 3,636 5,072 12,116 8,287 6,230 1900 9,654 4,619 2,667 2,047 11,802 14,569 18,563 27,628 3,282 6,662 3,911 4,686 912 5,997 4,092 6,489 6,216 3,231 286,704 4,161 1,205 9,549 13,103 3,380 4,743 2,161 87*565 3,381 4,060 3,172 427 4,161 7,790 3,369 5,209 9,242 9,705 13,265 25,180 24,404 16,485 3,297 6,643 7,166 14,260 4,126 3,829 10,058 4,370 12,818 2,363 5,043 6,676 3,662 2,014 20,818 6,935 4,287 4,170 1,204 2,073 8,696 5,286 9,769 19,158 4,668 1,748 42,346 2,543 3,388 5,155 10,538 4,009 2,465 3,650 9,407 6,183 7,378 1890 8,756 3,763 2,669 1,656 11,283 9,431 13,197 27,839 3,692 2,566 5,303 450 4,461 3,867 6,236 5,247 205,876 2,806 731 6,808 9,803 1,337 5,023 1,606 60,278 3,056 1,772 2,972 3,916 3,946 2,062 4,482 8,699 7,746 11,197 20,798 17,863 13,102 2,763 1,159 7,617 12,812 2,940 3,?«« 9,033 3, *8 10,630 2,277 6,268 4,748 2,701 22,702 6,078 4,197 1,626 6,664 2,872 6,200 13,543 3,073 46,322 2,353 3,127 3,733 5,760 1,924 2,489 3,131 4,353 3,817 6,129 70 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. POPULATION OF PLACES HAVING, IN 1910, 2,500 INHABITANTS OR MORE: 1910, 1900, AND 1890— Continued. JThis table includes all Incorporated places having 2,500 inhabitants or more in 1910, so far as they have been returned by the census enumerators separate Irom the townships, precincts, districts, etc., of which they form a part. It also includes all towns in New England which had a population of 2,500 or more In 1910.] Table 28— Con. ■CITY, TOWN, TILLAGE, 0|l BOROUGH. 1910 1900 1890 CITT, TOWN, VILLAGE, OB BOBOUQH. 1910 1900 1890 CITY, TOWN, VILLAGE, OE BOROUGH. 1910 1900 1890 Minnesota Albert Lea city. . Alexandria city. Anoka city Austin city Bemidjicity Brainerd city Chisholm village-. Cloquetcity Crookston city Detroit city Duluthcity East Grand Forks city, Ely city E veleth city Fairmont city Faribault city Fergus Falls city. Hastings city Hibbing village- . - Lake City Little Falls city.. Luvemecity Mankato city Melrose city Minneapohscity., Montevideo city.. Moorbead citj^. . . New Ulm city Northfieldcity... Owatonnacity... Red Wing city... Richfield village. Rochester city St. Cloud city St. Paul city St. Peter city South St. Paul city. . - Staples city Stillwater city Thief River Falls city . Two Harbors city. Virginia city Wabasha city Waseca city West MinneapoUs vil- lage West St. Paul city-.. - Willmarcity Winona city Uississippl Aberdeen city ^ay St. Louis city.. Biloxicity Brookhaven city . . . Canton city Clarksdalecity, Collins city Columbus city Corinth city Greenville city Greenwood city Grenada city GuUportcity Hattiesburg city . . . Tackson city Laurel city McComb city Meridian city Moss Point city Natchez city Okolonacity Pascagoula city — Starkville city Tupelo city Vicksburg city Water Valley city-. West Point city... Winona city Yazoo city Missouil Aurora city, Boonvilleoity... Brookfleldcity.. Butler city Cameron city — 6,192 3,001 3,972 6,960 5,099 8,526 7,684 7,031 7,559 2,807 78,466 2,633 3,572 7,036 2,958 9,001 6,887 3,983 8,832 3,142 6,078 2,540 10,365 2,691 301,408 3,056 4,840 5,648 3,265 5,658 9,048 2,673 7,844 10,600 214,744 4,176 4,510 2,558 10, 198 3,714 4,990 10,473 2,622 3,064 3,022 2,660 4,135 18,583 3,708 3,388 8,049 5,293 3,929 4,079 2,581 8,988 6,020 9,610 5,836 2,814 6,386 11, 733 21, 262 8,465 6,237 23,285 3,054 11,791 2,584 3,379 2,698 3,881 20,814 4,275 4,864 2,512 6,796 4,148 4,252 6,749 2,894 2,980 4,600 2,681 3,769 , 6,474 2,183 7,524 3,072 5,359 52,969 2,077 3,717 2,752 3,040 7,868 6,072 3,811 2,481 2,744 6,774 2,223 10,699 1,768 202,718 2,146 3,730 5,403 3,210 5,661 7,525 6,843 8,663 163,065 4,302 2,322 1,504 12,318 1,819 3,278 2,962 2,528 3,103 1,648 1,830 3,409 19,714 3,434 2,872 5,467 2,678 3,404 1,773 6,484 3,661 7^642 3,026 2,568 1,060 4,175 7,816 3,193 4,477 14,050 12,210 2,177 708 1,986 2,118 14,834 3,813 3,193 2,455 4,944 6,191 4,377 6,484 3,158 2,979 3,305 2,118 4,252 3,901 5,703 2,630 3,467 33,115 795 901 1,205 6,520 3,772 3,706 2,128 2,364 1,466 8,838 780 164,738 1,437 2,088 3,741 2,659 3,849 6,294 5,321 7,686 133,156 3,671 2,242 685 11,260 191 2,487 2,482 1,596 1,825 18,208 3,449 1,974 3,234 2,142 2,131 781 4,559 2,111 6,668 1,065 2,416 1,172 6,920 2,383 10,624 10,101 2,099 1,726 1,477 13,373 2,832 2,762 1,648 3,286 3,482 4,141 4,647 2,812 2,917 Ulssouii — Con. Cape Girardeau city.. Carrollton city Carterville city Carthage city Caruthersville city Charleston city - Chillicothecity- Clintoncity Columbia city. . De Soto city Eldorado Springs city. Excelsior Springs city. Farmington city Fayette city Festuscity Flat River city Frederioktown city. Fulton city Hannibal city Higginsville city Independence city.. JeflersonCity Joplln city Kansas City Kennett city Kirksvllle city.. Kirkwood city.. Lexington city. Liberty city Louisiana city. . Macon city Maplewood city. Marcellnecity..- Marshallcity Maryvilleclty... Mexico city... Moberly city.. MonettB city.. Neosho city... Nevada city. - Poplar Blufl city. Rich Hill city Richmond city... St. Charles city... St. Joseph city St. Louis city.. Sedaliacity.... Sikestoncity.. Slater city Springfield city Trenton city Warrensburg city.. Washington city... Webb City Webster Groves city. Wellston city West Plains city Montana Anaconda city... - Billings city Bozeman city Butte city Deer Lodge city.. Great Falls city... Havre town Helena city Kalispel city Lewistown city... Livingston city. . . Miles City Missoula city Red Lodge city... Nebraska Alliance city Auburn city Aurora city Beatrice city Benson city Blair city Chadroncity Columbus city.... Fairburycity Falls City 8,475 3,452 4,539 9,483 3,655 3,144 6,265 4,992 9,662 4,721 2,603 3,900 2,613 2,586 2,556 5,112 2,632 6,228 18,341 2,628 9,859 11,860 32,073 248,381 3,033 6,347 4,171 5,242 2,980 4,454 3,584 4,976 3,920 4,869 4,762 5,939 10,923 4,177 3,661 7,176 6,916 2,765 3,664 9,437 77,403 687,029 17, 822 3,327 3,238 35,201 5,656 4,689 3,670 11,817 7,080 7,312 2,914 10, 134 10,031 5,107 39,165 2,570 13,948 3,624 12,515 5,549 2,992 5,359 4,697 12,869 4,860 3,105 2,729 2,630 9,366 3,170 2,684 2,687 5,014 5,294 3,255 4,815 3,854 4,446 9,416 2,315 1,893 6,905 5,061 5,651 5,611 2,137 1,881 1,778 2,717 1,256 1,677 4,883 12,780 2,791 6,974 9,664 26,023 163,752 1,509 5,966 2,825 4,190 2,407 5,131 4,068 2,638 5,086 4,577 5,099 8,012 3,115 2,725 7,461 4,321 4,053 3,478 7,982 102,979 576,238 15,231 1,077 2,502 23,267 5,396 4,724 3,015 9,201 1,895 2,902 9,453 3,221 3,419 30,470 1,324 14,930 1,033 10,770 2,526 1,096 2,778 1,938 4,366 2,152 2,536 2,664 1,921 7,875 510 2,970 1,665 3,522 3,140 3,022 4,297 3,878 2,884 7,981 230 1,381 5,717 4,737 4,000 3,960 1,643 2,034 1,394 2,247 1,335 917 4,314 12,857 2,342 6,380 6,742 9,943 132,716 302 3,510 1,777 4,537 2,558 6,090 3,371 1,977 4,297 4,037 4,789 8,215 1,699 2,198 7,262 2,187 4,008 2,895 6,161 52,324 451,770 14,068 636 2,400 21,850 5,039 4,706 2,725 5,043 1,783 2,091 3,975 836 2,143 10,723 1,463 3,979 "i3,"834 2,850 956 3,426 624 1,537 1,862 13,836 2,069 1,867 3,134 2,630 2,102 Nebraska— Con. Fremont city Grand Island city. , Hastings city Havelock village. . , Holdregecity Kearney city... Lincoln city McCook city Nebraska City.. Norfolk city North Platte city. Omaha city Plattsmouth city . . South Omaha city. . Unlver.sity Place village Wymorecity York city Nevada Reno city... Sparks city'. New Hampshire Berlin city Claremonttown. Concord city Conway town . . . Derry town Dover city Exeter town Farmington town.. Franklin city Goflstown town . . . Haverhill town.. Keenecity Laconia city Lancaster town.. Lebanon town Littleton town Littleton village . Manchester city. . . Milfordtown Nashua city Newmarket town.. Newport town Pembroke town. . . Portsmouth city.. . Rochester city Soiuersworth city., Walpoletown New Jersey Asbuiy Park city.. Atlantic City Bayonne city Bloomfleld town... Boonton town Bordentown city Botmdbrook borough Brldgeton city Burlington city Camden city Carlstadt borough Cliflside Park borough. Colllngswood borough. Dover town East Newark borough. East Orange city East Rutherford bor- ough Edgewater borough. . . Elizabeth city Englewood city Flemington village Fort Lee borough Freehold town Garfield borough Glen Ridge borough. . . Gloucester city Guttenberg town HackensacK town Hackettstown town. . . Haddonfield borough . Haledon borough Hammonton town Harrison town Hawthorne borough . . Hoboken city 8,718 10,326 9,338 2,680 3,030 6,202 43,973 3,765 6,488 6,025 4,793 124,096 4,287 26,269 3,200 2,613 6,235 10,867 2,500 11,780 7,529 21,497 3,413 5,123 13,247 4,897 2,621 6,132 2,579 10,068 10,183 3,054 5,718 4,069 S,0S9 70,063 3,939 26,005 3,348 3,765 3,062 11,269 8,868 6,704 2,668 10,150 46, 150 55,545 15,070 4,930 4,250 3,970 14,209 8,336 94,538 3,807 3,394 4,795 7,468 3,163 34,371 4,275 2,655 73,409 9,924 2,693 4,472 3,233 10,213 3,260 9,462 5,647 14,060 2,715 4,142 2,660 5,088 14, 498 3,400 70,324 7,241 7,564 7,188 1,480 3,007 5,634 40,169 2,445 7,380 3,883 3,640 102,555 4,964 26,001 1,130 2,626 5,132 4,500 6,498 19,632 3,164 3,583 13,207 4,922 2,266 5,846 2,528 3,414 9,166 S,042 3,190 4,965 4,066 66,987 3,739 23,898 2,892 3,126 3,183 10,637 8,466 7,023 2,693 4,148 27,838 32,722 9,668 3,901 4,110 2,622 13,913 7,392 75,935 2,574- 968 1,633 5,938 2,500 21,506 2,640 1,006 52, 130 6,253 2,145 2,934 3,604 1,960 6,840 3,825 9,443 2,474 2,776 3,481 10, 596 2,096 59,364 6,747 7,536 13,584 2,601 8,074 65, 154 2,346 11,941 3,038 3,055 140,452 8,392 8,062 571 2,420 3,405 3,563 3,729 5,565 17,004 2,331 2,604 12,790 4,284 3,064 4,085 1,981 2,545 7,446 6,1« 3,373 3,763 3,365 44,126 3,014 19,311 2,742 2,623 3,172 9,827 7,396 6,207 2,163 13,055 19,033 4,232 1,462 11,424 7,264 58,313 1,549 539 37,764 1,977 2,932 1,028 6,564 1,947 6,004 2,417 2,502 3,833 8,338 43,64S POPULATION OF CITIES. 71 POPULATION OP PLACES HAVING, IN 1910, 2,500 INHABITANTS OR MORE: 1910, 1900, AND 1890— Continued. |Thls table Includes all incorporated places having 2,500 inhabitants or more in 1910, so far as they have been returned by the census enumerators separate from the townsliips, precincts, distriots, etc., of which they form a part. It also includes all towns in New England which had a population of 2,600 or more in 1910.] Table aS— Con. aTY, TOWN, VILLAGE, OR BOROUGH. New Jeriey— Con. Irvlngtontown Jersey City Kearny town Keyport borough . . Lam Dert ville ofty . Little Ferry borough. . Lodi borough Lon^ Branch city Madison borough Millvilleoity Montclair town Morristown town New Brunswick city . . Newark city Newton town North Plauifleld bor- ough Nutley town Orange city Passaic city Paterson city Perth Amboy city . . Phillipsburg town . . Plainfleld city Pleasantville borough. . Princeton borough . . Prospect Park borough Rahway city Rarltan town Red Bank borough RidgBWOOd village Roosevelt borough Roselle borough Roselle Park borough . Rutherford borough. . Salem city Secaucus borough.' Somerville borough . . . South Amboy city — South Orange village. . South River borough. . Summit city Tenafly borough . . . Trenton city Union town Vineland borough.. Wallington borough. . . Washington borough. . West Hoboken town , . WestNewYork town . West Orange town Westfield town Wharton borough Woodbury city ITew Uexico Albuquerque city Clovis city Las Cruces town Las Vegas city (East Las Vegas P.O.) Las Vegas town Raton city Roswellcity Santa Fe city SUverCity Tuoumcari city New York Albany city Albion village Amltyville village Amsterdam city Auburn city Babylon village Baldwinsville village.. Ballston Spa village. . . Batavla village Bath village Binghamton city Brockport village Buffalo city Canandaigua village . . Canastota village 1910 11,877 267,779 18,689 3,564 4,657 2,541 4,138 13,298 4,658 12,451 21,560 12,607 23,388 347, 469 4,467 6,117 6,009 29,630 54,773 125,600 32,121 13,903 20,560 4,390 6,136 2,719 9,337 3,672 7,398 5,416 5,786 2,725 3,138 7,045 6,614 4,740 6,060 7,007 6,014 4,772 7,600 2,756 96,815 21,023 6,282 3,448 3,567 35,403 13,560 10,980 6,420 2,983 4,642 11,020 3,255 3,836 3,765 3,179 4,639 6,172 5,072 3,217 2,526 100,253 5,016 2,517 31,267 34,668 2,600 3,099 4,138 11,613 3,884 48,443 3,679 423,715 7,217 3,247 1900 5,255 206,433 10,896 3,413 4,637 1,240 1,917 8,872 3,754 10,583 13,962 11,267 20,006 246,070 4,376 6,009 24,141 27,777 105, 171 17,699 10,052 15,369 2,182 3,899 7,936 3,244 5,428 2,685 4,411 5,811 1,626 4,843 6,349 4,608 2,792 5,302 1,746 73,307 15,187 4,370 1,812 3,680 23,094 6,267 2,069 4,087 6,238 3,562 2,767 3,540 2,049 5,603 2,735 94,151 4,477 2,038 20,929 30,345 2,157 2,992 3,923 9,180 4,994 39, 647 3,398 352,387 6,151 3,030 1890 163,003 3,411 4,142 781 998 7,231 2,469 10,002 8,156 18,603 181,830 3,003 18,844 13,028 78,347 9,512 8,644 11,267- 3,422 7,106 2,566 4,146 1,047 996 2,293 5,516 3,861 4,330 3,106 1,796 1,046 57,458 10,643 3,822 2,831 3,911 3,785 2,312 2,385 1,256 343 6,185 2,102 94,923 4)586 2,293 17,336 25,858 3,040 3,527 7,221 3,261 35,005 3,742 255,664 5,868 2,774 aiT, TOWN, VILLAGE, OB BOROUGH. New York— Con. Canton village... Carthage village . Catskill village... Clyde village Cohoescity Cold Springs village . Coming city Cornwall village Cortland city Dansville village Depew village Dobbs Ferry village Dolgeville village Dunkirk city East Aurora village East Syracuse village.. Ellenville village Elmira city Elmira Heights village Falrport village Fishkill Landing vil- lage Fort Edward village. . Fort Plain village Frankfort village Fredonia village Freeport village.. Fulton city Geneva city Glens Falls city.. Gloversville city. Goshen village Gouvemeur village. . . Granville village Green Island village.. . Greenport village Hastings-upon-Hudson village Haverstraw village Hempstead village.. Herkimer village. . . Homer village Hoosick Falls village . . . Homellcity Hudson city Hudson Falls village Ilion villa.ge Ithaca city Jamestown city Johnstown city Kingston city Lackawanna city . . Lancaster village . . Leroy village Lestershire village. Little Falls city Lockportcity Lowville village Lyons village Malone village Mamaroneck village. Massena village Matteawan village Mechanicville village . Medina village Middletown ci ty Mount Kisco village. . Mount Morris village . Mount Vernon city New RocheUe city New York City2 Manhattan Borough. Bronx Borough Brooklyn Borough. . . . Richmond Borough. . . Queens Borough Newark village Newburrti city Niagara Falls city North Tarrytown vll- S'orthTonawanda city. Norwich village 1910 2,701 3,563 5,296 2,695 24,709 2,549 13,730 2,658 11,504 3,938 3,921 3,455 2,685 17,221 2,781 3,274 3,114 37)176 2,732 3,112 3,902 3,762 2,762 3,303 6,286 4,836 10,480 12,446 15,243 20,642 3,081 4,128 3,920 4,737 4,552 5,669 4,964 7,620 2,696 5,532 13,617 11,417 5,189 6,688 14,802 31,297 10,447 25,908 14,649 4,364 3,771 3,775 12,273 17,970 2,940 4,460 6,467 6,699 2,951 6,727 6,634 6,'683 15,313 2,802 2,782 30,919 28,867 4,766,883 $,3S1,64B 4^0,980 t,6S4,SSl 85,969 6,227 27,806 30,445 5,421 11,955 7,422 1900 2,757 2,895 5,484 2,507 23,910 2,067 11,061 1,966 9,014 3,633 3,379 2,888 1,915 11,616 2,366 2,609 2,879 36,672 1,763 2,489 3,673 3,521 2,444 2,664 4,127 2,612 18,206 10,433 12,613 18,349 3,689 2,700 4,770 2,366 2,002 5,935 3,582 5,565 2,381 5,671 11,918 9,628 4,473 5,138 13, 136 22,892 10,130 24,635 3,760 3,144 3,111 10,381 16,681 2,362 4,300 5,935 2,032 5,807 4,696 4,716 14,522 1,346 2,410 21,228 14,720 3,437,202 1,850,093 S00,5O7 l,m,582 67, om 152,999 4,578 24,943 19,457 4,241 9,069 5,766 1890 2,278 4,920 2,638 22,509 8,550 760 8,590 3,758 2,083 9,416 1,582 2,231 2,881 30,893 2,552 3,617 2,864 2,291 3,399 16,036 7,567 9,609 13,864 2,907 3,458 1,466 5,070 4,831 7,014 10,996 9,970 2,895 4,067 11,079 16,038 7,768 21,261 1,692 2,743 8,783 16,038 2,511 4,475 4,986 1,049 4,278 2,679 4,492 11,977 1,095 2,286 10,830 9,057 2,507,414 l,Ul,m6 88,908 838,647 51,693 87,050 3,698 23,087 3,179 4,793 5,212 arr, town, village, OE BOROtTGH. New York— Con. Nyack village .Ogdensburgcity.. Oleandty Oneida city Oneontacity Ossining village... Oswego city Owego village Patcnogue village-. Peekskili village. . - Peim Yan village. . . Perry village Plattsburg city Port Chester village Port Jervls city Potsdam village Poughkeepsie city Rensselaer city Rochester city Rockvllle Center vil- Rome city Rye village Sag Harbor village St. Johnsville village... Salamanca village Saranac Lake village . Saratoga Springs vil- Saugertles vjllage. Schenectady city . Scotia village Seneca Falls village.. - Sidney village Silver Creek village. . . Solvay village Southampton village. Suflem village Syracuse city >.. Tarrytown village. Tonawanda city. . . Troy city Tuckahoe vUlage Tupper Lake viUage.. Uticacity Walden village Walton village Wapplngers Falls vil- lage Warsaw village Wateriord village Waterloo village Watertown city Watervliet city. . . Watkins village. . , Waverly village. . Wells ville village. Westfield village White Plains village.. Whitehall village Yonkerscity North Carolina Ashevillecity... Belhaven town . . Burlington city.. Charlotte city... Concord city Durham city Edenton town Elizabeth City town.. Fayetteville town Gastonla town Goldsboro city Graham town Greensboro city Green viUe town Henderson town Hendersonville town. Hickory town High Point city Kinstontown Lenoir town 1910 4,619 16,933 14,743 8,317 9,491 11,480 23,368 4,633 3,824 15,245 4,697 4,388 11,138 12,809 9,564 4,036 27,936 10,711 218, 149 3,667 20,497 3,964 3,408 2,536 5,792 4,983 12,693 3,929 72,828 2,967 6,588 2,507 2,612 5,139 2,509 2,663 137,249 5,600 8,290 76,813 2,722 3,067 74,419 4,004 3,103 3,195 3,206 3,245 3,931 26,730 15,074 2,817 4,855 4,382 2,985 15,949 4,917 79,803 18, 762 2,863 4,808 34,014 8,716 18,241 2,789 8,412 7,045 5,759 6,107 2,504 15,895 4,101 4,503 2,818 3,716 9,525 6,995 3,364 1900 4,275 12,633 9,462 6,364 7,147 7,939 22,199 5,039 2,926 10,368 4,650 2,763 8,434 7,440 9,385 3,843 24,029 7,466 162,608 1,884 15,343 1,969 1,873 4,251 2,594 12,409 3,697 31,682 6,519 2,331 1,944 3,493 2,289 1,619 108,374 4,770 7,421 60,651 56,383 3,147 2,811 3,504 3,048 3,146 4,256 21,696 14,321 2,943 4,465 3,556 2,430 7,899 4,377 47,931 14,694 383 3,692 18,091 7,910 6,679 3,046 6,348 4,670 4,610 5,877 2,052 10,j)35 2,565 3,746 1,917 2,535 4,163 4,106 1,296 1890 4,111 11,662 7,358 6,083 6,272 9,352 21,842 9,676 4,254 1,528 7,010 6,274 9,327 3,961 22,206 7,301 133,896 14,991 i,263 3,692 768 11,975 4,237 19,902 6,116 1,368 1,678 663 88,143 3,662 7,145 60,956 44,007 2,132 2,299 3,718 3,120 4,350 14,725 12,967 2,604 4,123 3,435 1,983 4,042 4,434 32,033 10,235 1,716 11,557 4,339 6,485 2,205 3,251 4,222 1,033 4,017 991 3,317 1,937 4,191 1,216 2,023 1,726 673 ilndudespopulationof Oswego Falls village: 1900,2,925: 1890,1,821. ' Population of New York and its boroughs as now constituted. 72 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. POPULATION OF PLACES HAVING, IN 1910, 2,500 INHABITANTS OR MORE: 1910, 1900, AND 1890— Continued. [This table Includes all incorporated places having 2,600 inhabitants or more in 1910, so far as they have been returned by the census enumerators separate Irom the townships, precincts, districts, etc., ol which they form a part. It also includes all towns in New England which had, a population of 2,500 or more m 1910.] Table 28— Con. CITY, TOWN, VILLAGE, OR BOKOUGH. North Carolina— Con. Lexington town . . . Monroe city Mooresville town. . Morganton town. . . Mount Airy town.. Newbem city Oxford town Raleigh city Reidsville town Eocky Mount town.. Salem town Salisbury city.. Shelby town... States ville city. Tarboro town.. Thomasville town. Washington city. . . Wilmington dty... Wilson town Winston city North Dakota. Bismarck city Devils Lake city... Dickinson city Fargo city Grand Forks city.. Jamestown city.. Mandanclty Minotcity Valley City WiUistondty... Ohio Akron city Alliance city... - Ashland city... Ashtabula city. Athens city Barberton city Bamesville village. . Bellairecity Bellefontaine city... Bellevuecity Beiea village Bowling Green city.. Bridgeport village . . . Bryan village Bucyruscity Byesville village. . Cambridge city. . . Canal Dover dty. Canton city Carthage village.. Celina village Chicago Junction vil- lage Chillieothe city , Cindnnati dty Circleville dty Cleveland city Cleveland Hdghts vil- lage Clyde village Columbus dty Conneaut dty Coshocton city. Crestline village Crooks vllle village . . Cuyahoga Falls village. Dayton city Defiance city Delaware city Delphos city Dennison village East Cleveland city.. East Liverpool city.. East Palestine village.. East Youngstowu vil lage Eaton village Ehnwood Place village 1910 4,163 4,082 3,400 2,712 3,844 9,961 3,018 19,218 4,828 8,051 5,533 7,153 3,127 4,599 4,129 3,877 6,211 25,748 6,717 17,167 5,443 5,157 3,678 14,331 12,478 4,358 3,873 6,188 4,606 3,124 69,067 15,083 6,796 18,266 5,463 9,410 4,233 .12,946 8,238 5,209 2,609 5,222 3,974 3,641 8,122 3,166 11,327 6,621 50,217 3,618 3,493 2,950 14,608 363,591 6,744 660,663 2,956 2,816 181,511 8,319 3,807 3,028 4,020 116,577 7,327 9,076 6,038 4,008 9,179 20,387 3,537 4,972 3,187 3,423 1900 1,234 2,427 1,633 1,938 2,680 9,090 ,2,059 13,643 3,262 2,937 3,642 6,277 1,874 3,141 2,499 751 4,842 20,976 3,525 10,008 3,319 1,729 2,076 9,689 7,652 2,863 1,658 1,277 2,446 763 42,728 8,974 4,087 12,949 3,066 4,354 3,721 9,912 6,649 4,101 2,510 6,067 3,963 3,131 6,560 1,267 8,241 5,422 30,667 2,559 2,815 2,348 12,976 325,902 6,991 381,768 2,616 126,660 7,133 6,473 3,282 835 3,186 86,333 7,579 7,940 4,517 3,763 2,757 16,486 2,493 1890 3,165 2,532 1,440 1,866 886 1,557 1,768 7,843 2,907 12,678 2,909 816 2,711 4,418 1,394 2,318 1,924 590 3,546 20,056 2,126 8,018 2,186 846 897 6,664 4,979 2,296 1,328 675 1,089 295 27,601 7,607 3,666 8,338 2,620 ,207 4,246 3,052 2,633 3,467 3,068 6,974 4,361 3,470 26,189 2,257 2,702 1,299 11,288 296,908 6,656 261,363 2,327 88,150 3,241 3,672 2,911 2,614 61,220 7,694 8,224 4,616 2,925 CITY, TOWN, VILLAGE, OK BOROUGH. 10,956 1,816 Ohio— Con. Elyriacity Findlaycity Fostoriaeity Franklin village. Fremont city Gallon city Galllpoliscity Girard village Glouster village... Greenfield village.. Greenville city.... Hamilton city Hartwell village.. Hillsboro village.. Irontoncity Jackson city ... Kent village Kenton city Lakewoodcity. Lancaster city.. Lebanon village.. Leetonia village. . Lima city Lisbon village Lockland village.. Logan village lyondon village... Lorain city Madison vllle city . Mansfield dty Marietta city Marlon city Martins Ferry city., Marysville village... Massillondty Medina village Miamisburg village Middleport village Middletown city Mingo Junction village, Montpelier village Mount Vernon city Napoleon village Nelsonville city New Comerstown vil- New Iicxington village. New Philadelphia city. Newark city Newburgh city Nilesoity North Baltimore vil- lage Norwalkclty Norwood dty Oberlin village Orrville village 2,934 PainesvlUe city Piquaeity Pomerny village Port Clinton \illage... Portsmouth city Eavenna city Eeading village Eockport village St. Bernard dty St. Marys dty Salem city Sandusky city Shelby village Sidney city Springfield city Steuben ville city Struthers village Tiffin city Toledo city Toronto village 1910 Troy city Uhrichsville village . . . Upper Sandusky vil- lage Urbana dty Van Wertdty 14,825 14,868 9,697 2,659 9,939 7,214 5,560 3,736 2,627 4,228 6,237 35,279 2,823 4,296 13,147 5,468 4,488 7,186 15,181 13,093 2,698 2,665 30,608 3,084 4,850 3,530 28,883 5,193 20,768 12,923 18,232 9,133 3,676 13,879 2,734 4,271 3,194 13,152 4,049 2,759 9,087 4,007 6,082 2,943 2,569 8,512 25,404 5,813 8,361 2,603 7,858 16,185 4,366 3,101 6,501 13,388 4,023 3,007 23,481 5,310 3,985 3,179 5,002 5,732 8,943 19,989 4,903 6,607 46,921 22,391 3,370 11,894 168,497 4,271 6,122 4,761 3,779 7,739 7,187 1900 17, 7, 5,601 23,914 1,833 4,635 11,868 4,672 4,641 6,852 3,366 8,991 2,867 2,744 21,723 3,330 2,695 3,480 3,511 16,028 3,140 17,640 13,348 11,862 7,760 3,048 11,944 2,232 3,941 2,799 9,216 2,964 1,869 6,633 3,639 6,421 2,659 1,701 6,213 18,157 6,909 7,488 3,661 7,074 6,480 4,082 1,901 5,024 12,172 4,639 2,450 17,870 4,003 3,076 2,038 3,384 5,359 1890 5, ^^; 2, 7, 611 653 070 729 141 i,326 :,498 2,460 5,473 17,666 1,607 3,620 10,939 4,320 3,601 6,657 7,666 3,060 2,828 15,981 2,278 2,474 3,119 3,313 4,863 2,214 13,473 8,273 8,327 6,260 2,810 10,092 2,073 2,962 3,211 7,681 1,866 1,293 6,027 2,764 4,558 1,261 1,470 4,456 14,270 4,289 2,867 7,195 4,376 1,765 4,755 9,090 4,726 2,049 12,394 3,417 CITY, TOWN, VILLAGE, OE BOEOUGH. 1,779 3,000 7,682 19,664 4,686 6,688 38,253 5,780 18,471 1,977 4,860 31,895 14,349 13,394 10,989 131,822 3,526 10,801 81,434 2,536 5,881 4,582 4,494 3,842 3,356 6,808 6,422 3,672 6,610 6,612 Ohio— Con. • Wadsworth village Wapakoneta city Warren city Washington Court House city Wauseon village Wellston city Wellsville city Wilmington village. . . Woodsfleld village Woosteroity Xeniacity Youngstown dty. Zanesville city Oklahoma > Ada city Altus dty Alva city Anadarkooity.. Ardmorecity... Bartlesvillecity. Blackwelloity... Chickasha city . . . Claremore city. . . Clinton city Coalgatecity. Durant city . . El Reno city. Elk City Enidclfy Frederick city... Guthrie city Hartshomecity. Hobartcity Hugo city Kingfisher city. Krebscity Lawtoncity McAlestercity.. Mangum city. . . Miami city Muskogee city Norman city Nowata city Oklahoma City... Okmulgee dty Pauls Valley city. Pawhuska city Perry city Poncacity , Purcellcity Sapulpacity Shawnee city Stillwater city.. Sulphur city Tahlequah city. Tulsacity Vinitacity Wagoner city Waurika city Woodward city.. Oregon Albany city.. Ashland city.. Astoria city... Baker City... Corvalllscity. Eugene city , Grants Pass city Klamath Fallstown. La Grande city Marshfleld town Medford city Oregon City Pendleton city Portland city Eoseburg city St. Johns-city Salem city The Dalles city 1910 3,073 5,349 11,081 7,277 2,650 6,875 7,769 4,491 2,502 6,136 8,706 79,066 28,026 4,349 4,821 3,688 3,439 8,618 6,181 3,266 10,320 2,866 2,781 3,256 5,330 7,872 3,166 13,799 3,027 11,654 2,963 3,845 4,682 2,638 2,884 7,788 12,964 3,667 2,907 25,278 3,724 3,672 64,205 4,176 2,689 2,776 3,133 2,521 2,740 8,283 12,474 3,444 3,684 2,891 18,182 4,082 4,018 2,928 2,696 4,275 5,020 9,599 6,742 4,662 9,009 3,897 2,758 4,843 2,980 8,840 4,287 4,460 207,214 4,738 4,872 14,094 4,880 1900 1,764 3,915 8,529 5,761 2,148 8,045 6,148 3,613 1,801 6,063 8,696 44,885 23,538 3,267 1,927 2,800 2,190 8,759 4,215 2,644 7,862 2,064 1,278 2,921 4,510 5,370 2,195 10,087 2,036 11,652 2,435 3,136 2,676 2,214 1,6«8 5,562 8,144 2,672 1,893 14,418 3,040 2,223 32,462 2,322, 2,157 2,408 2,881 2,629 2,563 4,269 10,966 2,677 2,936 1,916 7,298 3,157 2,950 696 2,018 3,149 2,634 8,381 6,663 1,819 3,236 2,290 447 2,991 1,391 1,791 3,494 4,406 90,426 1,690 4,268 3,542 1890 1,574 3,616 6,973 5,742 2,060 4,377 5,247 3,079 1,031 5,901 7,301 33,220 21,009 1,499 '5,'68i 3,209 855 2,614 2,969 3,444 10,006 2,352 2,301 4,125 1,527 4,254 2,225 498 10,037 1,467 3,351 2,628 2,277 891 3,462 2,431 1,198 1,482 1,390 2,339 2,372 3,079 1,784 6,184 2,604 1,627 1,432 364 2,583 1,461 967 3,062 2,506 46,386 1,472 3,0 > Figures for census of 1910, special census of 1907, and census of 1900 used. POPULATION OF CITIES. 73 POPULATION OF PLACES BAVING, IN 1910, 2,500 INHABITANTS OR MORE: 1910, 1900, AND 1890— Continued. [This table includes all Incorporated places having 2,580 Inhabitants or more in 1910, so far as they have been returned by the census enumerators separate from the townships, precincts, districts, etc. , of which they form a part. It also includes all towns in New England which had a population of 2,600 or more in 1910.] Table 28— Con. aiY, TOWN, VIILAQE, OR BOBOnQH. 1910 1900 1890 aiT, TOWN, VILLAGE, OE BOBOtTGH. 1910 1900 1890 CITY, TOWN, VTLLAQE, OE BOEOUGH. 1910 1900 1890 Pennsylvania Allentown city 51,913 52,127 2,649 5,205 3,006 7,194 6,856 6,601 2,692 3,796 2,941 4,317 4,634 5,369 3,536 3,456 12,191 4,145 6,323 5,367 12,837 2,930 3,572 5,346 7,413 3,134 19,367 14,644 3,860 9,256 3,003 20,728 3,891 17,040 10, 303 10,009 6,117 6,260 11,800 9,615 38,537 3,326 2,612 6,861 3,156 5,154 11,084 11,454 12,846 7,480 2,670 5,262 5,991 3,100 4,583 2,549 7,517 6,305 2,964 9,331 8,174 4,»46 3,326 3,304 12,623 17,616 15,727 7,487 5,046 3,548 5,615 3,330 28,623 2,596 8,407 2,587 3,902 3,501 2,916 3,192 35,416 38,973 1,884 26,228 30,337 1,073 Pennsylvania— Con. Erie city . . . 66,525 6,830 3,637 4,850 6,749 3,118 9,767 3,060 6,197 4,027 3,504 4,030 5,401 4,396 5,540 9,058 13,012 5,909 3,674 7,057 64,186 25,452 3,734 18,713 2,945 6,861 6,749 2,886 8,077 2,968 3,168 6,381 4,334 65,482 5,285 6,626 6,449 4,311 5,651 47,227 8,321 3,661 4,066 9,288 8,777 19,240 3,624 5,316 3,081 8,166 7,T72 6,426 2,943 3,389 2,543 14,702 42,694 15,936 3,952 3,662 12,780 4,469 3,662 3,741 6,374 7,861 7,460 3,159 7,240 3,376 11,775 7,598 3,964 17,632 4,241 5,812 3,338 6,186 18,877 3,978 62,733 5,384 1,948 2,870 4,279 2,594 7,317 1,783 5,254 2,416 2,769 3,496 4,373 3,666 40,634 3,767 790 Pennsylvania— Con. New Brighton borough New Castle city New Kensington bor- 8,329 36,280 7,707 2,612 27,875 11,824 2,672 8,729 3,517 3,436 15,657 11,324 8,606 2,622 2,578 4,338 3,907 3,967 2,779 1,549,008 3,685 10,743 4,975 633,906 16,267 16,996 2,678 2,964 16,699 20,236 3,801 6,042 96,071 4,621 3,189 5,408 5,903 3,073 5,640 6,465 6,346 6,426 4,747 6,456 129,867 4,479 19,588 16,270 8,163 3,634 25,774 3,457 4,454 2,613 19,973 3,943 4,592 10, 190 3,734 2,700 2,880 14,246 4,379 4,209 13,770 3,478 7,381 5,396 9,462 7,414 9,060 6,133 8,533 4,281 4,995 6,820 28,339 4,665 1,326 22,266 6,535 2,068 6,616 11,600 Altoona city Etna borough Ambler borough Ambridge borough Exeter borough. Ford City borough. . . . Forest City borough . . . Frackvllle borough. . . . Franklin rify Apollo borough 2,924 5,396 6,438 4,046 1,231 3,749 2,300 2,130 3,487 4,106 1,482 2,348 10,064 4,216 3,416 3,916 110,758 2,264 3,386 3,915 6,170 2,166 4,032 7,346 3,192 2,319 2,620 6,221 704 1,730 New Philadelp'hia bor- 662 Arehbald borough Nomstown borough . . . North Braddock bor- 19,791 Ashley borough Aspinwall borough Atnens borough Freedom borough Freeland borough Galeton borough GaUitzin borough Gettysburg borough .. . Gilberton borough Girardville borough . . . Glassport borough Greater Punxsutaw- ney borough 3,274 1,679 804 3,031 2,609 North East borough. . . Northampton borough. Northumberland bor- 1,638 2,392 3,221 3,687 3,684 Austin borough A valon borough Avoca borough Bangor borough Bamesboro borough 2,748 2,323 13,264 5,630 6,180 1,788 1,791 2,529 2,661 2,784 1,803 1,293,697 3,266 9,196 2,601 s 451,612 12,666 13,649 2,168 816 13,696 16,710 3,014 3,775 78,961 4,082 3,436 3,616 4,688 2,607 2,744 Oakmont borou^ Oil City 1,678 10,932 3|946 1,418 2,701 •9,621 2,261 3,126 2,452 4,635 2 6,746 6,508 4,814 1,599 5,302 50,167 14,230 2,998 12,564 2,864 6,063 4,142 2,452 5,865 2,091 2,667 3,070 3,894 35,936 1,709 5,296 3,846 3,902 3,511 41,459 4,888 2,764 2,630 2 4,194 4,202 3,674 1,160 3,746 39,385 11,872 2,976 7,911 2,816 5,729 1,963 2,428 3,296 1,609 2,660 1,863 Old Forge borough Olyphant borough Parkesburg borough. . . Parnassus borough Parsons borough Patton borough Pen Argyl borough Perkasie borough Philadelphia city Philipsburg borough. . . Phoenixvifle borough . . Pitcaim borough Pittsburgh city Pittston citv Beaver borough Beaver FaDs borough.. 4,083 1,514 Bellefonte borough Bellevue borough Berwick borough Greensbure borough. . . Green ville borough Grove City borough. . . Hanover borough Harrisburg city 516 2,412 Bethlehem borough. . . . Birdsboro borough 2,108 458 1,046,964 Blakeley borough Bloomsburg town Hollidaysburg borough Homestead borough . . . Honesdale borough Huntingdon borough . . Indiana borough Irwin borough 3,246 8,514 Braddock borough Bradford city 15,654 15,029 3,097 7,104 2,472 10,853 2,714 13,536 9,626 7,330 8,561 10,514 2,661 6,663 2,478 8,734 2,113 10,833 7,620 « 343,904 10 302 Bridgeport borough. . . . Bristol borough BrookviUe borough Plymouth borough Port Carbon borough. . Portage borough Pottstown borough Pottsvllle borough Quakertown borough . . Kankin borough Reading city Jeannette borough Jermyn borough Jersey Shore borough. . Johnsonburg borough . Johnstown city Juniata borough T^fini^ hnrongh '. , 9,344 1,976 Butler borough Canonsburg borough. . . Carbondale city Carlisle borough is, 286 14,117 21,805 2,169 Carnegie borough CarriCK borough 2,944 2,381 3,095 1,723 32,011 4,004 1,868 68,661 4,154 2,789 1,903 Renovo borough Reynoldsville borough. Ridgway borough Rochester borough Royersford borough . . . St. Clair borough < St. Clair borough ' St. Marys borough Sayre borough Catasauqua borough. . . Chambersburg borough Charleroi borough 3,963 8,864 5,930 33,988 3,704 7,863 Kingston borough Kjttanning borough . . Knoxville borough 20,226 Chester citv Lansford borough Lansdale borough Larksville borough Latrobe borough Lebanon city 1,815 Clairton borough Clarion borough Clearfield borough Clifton Heights borough 2,004 6,081 2,330 2,164 2,248 1,820 4,638 4,295 6,243 3,654 4,261 102,026 3,568 18,202 8,916 6,842 2,970 20,321 3,228 3,773 1,834 13,241 1,806 2,635 3,680 1,745 4,614 17,628 2,459 4,629 3,467 4,461 7,210 3,817 2,762 2,122 2,475 6,362 34,227 13,504 4,029 2,300 10,291 3,841 3,075 3,024 5,608 6,736 6,175 2,224 4,815 2,008 2,197 5,173 1,227 13, 179 2,295 4,745 1,086 3,689 14,664 1,921 2,959 3,248 3,273 7,358 2,398 2,450 Coaldale borough Schuylkill Haven bor- Coatesville borough — Columbia borough Connellsville borough. . Conshohocken borough Coplay borough Coraopolls borough 5,721 12,316 7,160 5,762 1,581 2,565 5,369 3,217 1,927 1,937 8,042 3,429 2,347 4,948 3,680 10,699 6,629 5,470 880 962 5,677 1,630 3 088 Leechburg borough Lehighton borough Lewisburg borough Lewistown borough. . . Lock Haven city Luzerne borough Lykena borough McAdoo borough McDonald borough McKees Eocks borough McKeesport city Mahanoy City borough. Mauch Chunk borough Mayfield borough Meadvllle city Scottdale borough Scranton city. 2,693 75,215 2,776 14,403 7,469 4,898 2,330 Sewickley borough Shamokin borough Sharon borough Sharpsburg borough. . . Sharpsville borough . . . Shenandoah borough . . Shlppensburg borough. Slatington borough Somerset borough South Bethlehem bor- ough Coudersport borough . . Crafton borough Curwensville borough . Danville borough Darby borough Derry borough Dickson City borough. . Donora borough Dorranceton borough. . 1,664 7,998 2,972 1,968 3,110 1,698 16,944 2,188 2,716 1,713 10 302 20,741 11,286 4,101 1,695 9,520 3,691 2,736 1,847 6,080 3,809 6,317 2,075 3,504 1,494 South Brownsville bor- 2,211 2,133 3,034 9,376 12,583 9,036 586 1,920 2,519 6,149 ,8,315 1,030 1,295 Downmgtown borough Doylestowri^borough . . Dubois borough Dunmore borough Duquesne borough Duryea borough East Conemaugh bor- Mechanicsburg bor- Soutn Fork borough. . . South Sharon borough. South Williamsport Media borough Meyersdale borough. . . Middletown borough. . Millvale borough Milton borough Miners Mills borough. . Minersville borough. . . Monaca borough Monessen borough Monongahela City Moosic borough Mount Carmel borough Mount Oliver borough. Mount Pleasant bor- 3,328 1,616 2,566 12,086 3,450 2,986 9,810 3,813 1,716 2,264 7,267 6,472 4,216 2,204 8,244 4,663 3,262 2,900 Spangler borough Spring City borough. . . Steelton borough Stroudsburg borough . . Summit Hill borough. . Sunbury borough Susquehanna borough. Swissvale borough Swoyersville borough. . Tamaqua borough Tarentum borough Taylor borough Throop borough Titus vine city 2,175 3,458 2,883 2,648 25,238 1,139 5,165 1,473 2,243 1,468 2,463 2,451 1,168 2,772 1,797 9,250 East Mauch Chunk 2,419 2,816 East Pittsburgh bor- 5,930 East Stroudsburg bor- 1,819 14,48i. 616 3,284 1,218 4,096 3,872 8,254 Edgewood borough Edwardsville borough. Elizabethtown borough Ellwood City borough. Emaus borough Emporium borough. . . Ephrata borough .. 3,652 810 Mount Union borough. Munhall borough Nanticoke borough — Nazareth barou{£ 883 2,147 8,073 4,169 12, 116 2,304 10,044 1,318 Towanda borough Turtle Creek borough . . > Includes populaticn of West Bethlehem borough: 1900, 3,465; 1890, 2,759. > Includes population of Clayville borough: 1900, 2,371; 1890, 1,402. • Includes population of Allegheny city: 1900, 129,806; 1890,105,287. * Allegheny County- ' SchuyUdll County. 74 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. POPULATION OF PLACES HAVING, IN 1910, 2,500 INHABITANTS OR MORE: 1910, 1900, AND 189a-Contmued. (TUs table includes all incorporated places having 2,500 Inhabitants or more in 1910, so far as they have been returned by the census enumerators separate from the townships, precincts, districts, etc., of which they form a part. It also includes all towns in New England which had a population of 2,500 or more in 1910.1 Table 38— Con. CITY, TOWN, VILLAGE, OB BOBOUGH. Pennsylvania — Con. Tyrone borough Union City borough Uniontown borough. . . Vandergrift borough . Vandergrift Heights borough Verona borough Warren borough Washington borough. . Waynesboro borough. . Waynesburg borough. . Weatherly borough. . . Wellsboro borough West B erwick borough , West Chester borough . West Hazleton borough West Homestead bor- ough West Newton borough. West Pittston borough. Wlolcboro borough Wilkes-Barre city. Wilkinsburg borough- . Williamsport city Williamstown borough Wilmerding borough . . Windber borough Winton borough Wyoming borough Yorlc city Bhode Island Bristol town Burrillville town. , Central Falls city. Coventry town Cranston city , 1910 Cumberland town East Greenwich town. East Providence town, Johnston town Lincolh town 7,176 3,684 13,344 3,876 2,849 11,080 18,778 7,199 3,645 2,501 3,183 6,512 11,767 4,715 3,009 2,880 2,775 67, 105 18,924 31,860 2,904 6,133 8.013 5,280 3,010 44,760 8,665 7,878 22,754 5,848 21, 107 10, 107 3,420 15,808 6,935 9,826 27, 149 4,048 5,407 2,699 51,622 2,681 224,326 3,493 2,739 5,176 4,032 6,586 26,629 8,696 38,126 4,469 3,911 9,664 2,646 3,669 68,833 2,873 4,764 3,272 26,319 3,789 2,983 7,057 4,767 5,530 15,741 6,614 4,818 3,844 5,028 Orangeburg city 5,906 Eocli: Hill city 7,216 Spartanburg city 17,617 Sumteroity 8,109 Uniontown ' 6,623 1900 Newport city North Kingstown town North Providence town North Smithfleld town. Pawtucket city Portsmouth town. . Providence city Scituate town Smithfleld town South Kingstown town Tiverton town Warren town Warwick town . . . Westerly town... Woonsocket city. South Carolina Abbeville city Aiken city Anderson city Bennettsville town Camden city Charleston city. Cheraw town... Chester city Clinton town , . . Columbia city.. Darlington town.. Easley town Florence city Gaffineytown Georgetown city. . Greenville city... Greenwood town. I/aurens town Marion town Newberry town. . 5,847 3,104 7,344 2,076 1,910 1,904 8,043 7,670 5,396 2,544 2,471 2,964 9,624 2,516 2,467 5,846 51,721 11,886 28,757 2,934 4,179 3,425 1,909 33,708 6,901 6,317 18, 167 5,279 13,343 8,925 2,775 12, 138 4,305 8,937 22,441 4,194 3,016 2,422 39,231 2,105 175,597 3,361 2,107 4,972 2,977 5,108 21,316 7,541 28,204 3,766 3,414 6,498 1,929 2,441 56,807 1,161 4,076 1,869 21, 108 3,028 903 4,647 3,937 4,138 11,860 4,824 4,029 1,831 4,607 4,455 5,485 11,395 6,673 6,400 1890 4,706 2,261 6,359 1,477 4,332 7,063 3,811 2,101 2,961 2,961 8,028 931 2,286 3,906 37,718 4,662 27,132 2,324 419 1,797 1,794 20,793 5,478 5,492 6,068 8,099 8,090 3,127 8,422 9,778 20,365 19,467 4,193 2,084 3,173 27,633 1,949 132, 146 3,174 2,500 4,823 2,837 4,489 17,761 6,813 20,830 1,696 2,362 3,018 978 3,533 64, 955 976 2,703 1,021 15,353 421 3,395 1,631 2,896 8,607 1,326 2,246 1,640 3,020 2,964 2,744 5,544 3,865 1,609 CITY, TOWN, VILLAGE, OB BOROUGH. South Dakota Aberdeen city. . Brookings city.. Dead wood city. Huron city Lead city Madison city. Mitchell city.. Pierre city Rapid City ... KedfLeldcity Sioux Falls city. Watertown city. Yankton city Tennessee Bristol towni Brownsville city. . Chattanooga city, Clarksville city. . . Cleveland city Columbia city Covington town. . . DyeiBburg city Fayetteville town. Franklin town Harriman city Humboldt town Jackson city Johnson City town. Knoxville city La FoUette city... Lebanon town Lenoir City town. Memphis city Morristown town. Murfreesboro city.. Nashville city Paris city Park Cily town ... Pulaski town Rockwood town.. Shelbyville town. TuUahoma town.. Union City town. Texas Abilene city Amarillo city. . . Austin city Balllngercity... Bay City town. Beaumont city. . Beevillecity Beltoncity Big Spring city. Bonham city Bowie city Brady city Brenham city Brownsville city Brownwood city Bryan city Calvert town Cameron city Childress city Cleburne city Coleman city Comanche town Commerce city Corpus Christ! city . . . Corsicana city Crockett town Cuero town Dalhart city Dallas cit;y Denisoncity Denton city Dublin city Eagle Pass town El Paso city Enniscity Fort Worth city Gainesville city Galveston city Georgetown city Gonzales city 1910 1900 10,753 2,971 3,653 6,791 8,392 3,137 6,615 3,666 3,864 3,060 14,094 7,010 3,787 7,148 2,882 44,604 8,648 6,549 6,754 2,990 4,149 3,439 2,924 3,061 3,446 15, 779 8,602 36,346 2,816 3,669 3,392 131,105 4,007 4,679 110,364 3,881 5,126 2,928 3,660 2,869 3,049 4,389 9,204 9,967 29,860 3,536 3,156 20,640 3,269 4,164 4,102 4,844 2,874 2,669 4,718 10,617 6,967 4,132 2,579 3,263 3,818 10,364 3,046 2,756 2,818 8,222 9,749 3,947 3,109 2,580 92,104 13,632 4,732 2,551 3,636 39,279 5,669 73,312 7,624 36,981 3,096 3,139 1890 4,087 2,346 3,498 2,793 6,210 3,182 1,518 2,366 3,038 2,581 2,550 4,065 2,306 1,342 1,736 2,217 3,235 2,128 1,015 10,266 3,362 4,126 796 10,177 2,672 3,670 6,271 2,645 30,154 9,431 3,858 3,324 2,616 29,100 7,924' 2,863 6,052 2,787 3,647 2,708 2,180 5,370 1,067 2,009 2,410 2,260 3,442 2,866 14,611 4,645 32,637 716 1,837 10,039 4,161 22,535 366 1,956 1,883 102,320 2,973 64,495 1,999 3,999 80,865 2,018 3,739 76,168 1,917 2,838 2,274 2,899 2,236 2,684 3,407 2,305 1,823 2,439 3,441 3,411 1,442 22,258 1,128 3,194 482 14,676 9,427 3,296 3,700 3,000 6,042 3,361 2,600 1,486 5,968 6,305 3,965 5,209 6,134 2,176 3,589 3,322 3,341 692 7,493 2,979 2,632 1,608 3,278 1,362 2,070 1,800 4,703 9,313 906 1,226 810 4,387 6,285 2,612 3,422 1,445 2,442 42,638 11,807 38,067 10,968 4,187 2,370 2,658 2,025 15,906 4,919 10,338 2,171 26,688 7,874 37,789 2,790 4,297 23,076 6,594 29,084 2,447 1,641 CITY, TOWN, VILLAGE, OE BOBOUGH. Texas— Con. Greenville city Hillsboro city Houston city Houston Heights town Jackson ville city Jefferson city... Laredo city Lookharttown. Longyiewcity.. Lulkintown..;. McKinneycity. Marlinci^y....- Marshallcity... Mart town Mexiatown Mineral Wells city Mount Pleasant city.. Nacogdoches city Navasota town New Braunfels city.. . Orange city Palestine city Paris city Plainview town . . Port Arthur city.. Quanah city San Angelo city San Antonio city San Marcos town Seguin town Sherman city Smith ville city Snyder town Stamford city Stephenville city Sulphur Springs city . . Sweetwater town Taylor city Teague city Temple city Terrell city Texarkana city s Tyler city Uvalde town Vernon town Victoria city Waco city Waxahachie town Weatherford city Wichita Falls city Yoakum town Utah American Fork city.. Bingham town Brigham city Eureka city LehiCity Logan city Murray city Nephicity . OgdenCity Park city Prove city Eichfleld city Salt Lake City Spanish Fork city. Springville city Tooele city Vermont Barrecity Barre town Barton town Bennington town Bennington village. Brandon town Brattleboro town Srattleboro village . Burlington city Colchester town WiTiooski village Derby town Essex town Fair Haven town Fair Haven village. . Hardwick town 1910 1 Joint population ' Joint population 8,850 6,116 78,800 6,984 2,876 2,515 14,855 2,946 6,166 2,749 4,714 3,878 11,452 2,939 2,694 3,950 3,137 3,369 3,284 3,165 5,527 10,482 11,269 2,829 7,663 3,127 10,321 96,614 4,071 3,116 12,412 3,167 2,514 3,902 2,561 6,151 4,176 5,314 3,288 10,993 7,060 9,790 10,400 3,998 3,195 3,673 26,425 6,205 6,074 8,200 4,657 2,797 2,881 3,686 3,416 2,964 7,522 4,057 2,759 25,580 3,439 8,926 2,659 92,777 3,464 3,366 2,763 10,734 4,194 3,346 8,698 6,211 2,712 7,641 6,617 20,468 6,450 4,520 3,639 2,714 3,095 l,BBl 3,201 1900 6,346 44,633 800 1,568 2,850 13,429 2,306 3,591 1,527 4,342 3,092 7,855 2,393 2,048 1,827 3,857 2,097 3,836 8,297 9,358 900 1,661 "53,'32i' 2,292 2,421 10,243 2,677 1,902 3,635 670 4,211 7,065 6,330 5,256 8,069 1,889 1,993 4,010 20,686 4,215 4,786 2,480 2,732 2,859 3,085 2,719 6,451 of Bristol town, Sullivan County, Tenn., and Bristol city, Va.: 1910, of Texarkana city. Miller County, Ark., and Texarkana city, Bowie 2,208 16,313 3,759 6,185 1,969 53,631 2,735 3,422 1,200 8,448 3,346 2,790 8,033 6,656 2,759 6,640 «,«97 18,640 5,352 S,78S 3,274 2,203 2,999 B,m 2,466 1890 4,330 2,541 27,557 970 3,072 11,319 1,233 2,034 2,058 7,207 1,674 577 1,138 2,997 1,608 3,173 5,838 8,254 1,477 '"37,'673 2,335 1,716 7,335 616 3,038 614 2,584 4,047 2,988 2,852 6,908 1,266 2,867 3,046 14,445 3,076 3,369 1,987 1,745 2,139 1,733 4,565 2,034 14,889 2,850 5,169 1,531 44, U3 2,214 2,849 4,146 2,666 2,217 6,391 s,9n 3,310 6,862 14,590 5,143 S,6B9 2,900 2,013 2,791 , 13,395; 1900, 9,850; 1890, 6,226. County, Tex.: 1910, 15,445; 1900, 10,170; 1890, 6,J 1,647 POPULATION OF CITIES. 75 POPULATION OF PLACES HAVING, IN 1910, 2,500 INHABITANTS OR MORE: 1910, 1900, AND 1890— Continued. (This table Includes all Incorporated places having 2,500 Inhabitants or more In 1910, so tar as they have been returned by the census enumerators separate from the townships, preolncts, districts, etc., ol which they form a part. It also Includes all towns in New England which had a population of 2,500 or more in 1910.] Table 28— Con. CITY, TOWN, VILLAGE, OB BOROUGH. Vermont — Con. Hartford town Lyndon town Mlddlebury town. Mont^elier city Momstown town . . Newport town Newport village . Northneld town . . , Poultney town Proctor town Proctor milage . . Bandolph iowa Richford town Bocldngham town Bellows Falls village. Butland city St. Albans city St. Johnsbury town St. Johwlmry village . Springfield town Springfield village. . Swanton town Waterbury town West Butland town. Woodstock town Vixglula Alexandria city Bedford City town. . . Big Stone Gap town. Bristol city ' Buena Vista city Charlottesville city . . Clifton Forge city Covington town Danvflle city Fannville town Fredericlisburg city . Hampton city Harrisonburg town . . Lexington town Lynchburg city Marion town Martinsville town . . Newport News city. Norfolk city Petersburg city Portsmouth city . Pulaski town Badfordcity Bichmond city . . . Eoanokecity Salem town South Boston town. Staunton city Suffolk town Williamsburg city . Winchester city . . . Wytheville town , . Washlngi:on Aberdeen city Anacortes city Bellingham city «. , Bremerton city CentraUa city 1910 4,179 3,204 2,848 7,856 2,652 3,684 3,226 3,644 2,871 2,768 3,191 2,907 6,207 i,88S 13,646 6,381 8,098 6,69$ 4,784 SiBm 3,628 3,273 3,427 2,545 16,329 2,608 2,590 6,247 3,245 6,765 5,748 4,234 19,020 2,971 5,874 5,605 4,879 2,931 29,494 2,727 3,368 20,205 67,4.52 24,127 33,190 4,807 4,202 127,628 34,874 3,849 3,516 10,604 7,008 2,714 5,864 3,054 13,660 4,168 24,298 2,993 7,311 1900 3,817 2,956 3,045 6,266 2,583 3,113 1,874 2,855 3,108 2,136 2,01S 3,141 2,421 5,809 l,SS7 6,239 7,010 s,eee 3,432 2,00 3,745 2,810 2,914 2,557 14,628 2,416 1,617 4,579 2,388 6,449 2 3,579 2,950 16,620 2,471 6,068 2,764 3,521 3,203 18,891 2,046 2,384 19,635 46,624 21,810 17,427 2,813 3,344 85,050 21,495 3,412 1,851 7,289 3,827 2,044 5,161 3,003 3,747 1,476 11,062 1,600 .1890 3,740 2,619 2,793 4,160 2,411 3,047 1,7*0 2,628 3,031 1,768 3,232 2,196 4,579 i,09Z 6,567 S,8B7 2,881 1,512 3,231 2,232 3,680 2,545 14,339 2,897 2,902 1,044 5,591 1,792 704 10,305 2,404 4,628 2,613 2,792 3,059 19,709 1,651 34,871 22,680 13,268 2,112 2,060 81,388 16,169 3,279 1,789 6,976 3,354 1,831 5,196 2,570 1,638 1,131 8,135 CITY, TOWN, VILLAGE, OB BOBOUGH. Washington— Con. ChehaUscity CleElumcity Colfax city Ellensburg city Everett city Hillyard city Hoquiamcity North Yakima city. . Olympia city Port Townsend city. Pullman city Puyallupcity Benton town Eoslyn town Seattle city Snohomish city South Bend city Spokane city Tacoma city Vancouver city Walla Walla city.... Wenatchee city West Virginia Benwood city Bluefieldcity Charles Town Charleston city Chester city Clarksburg city Davis town Elkinscity Fairmont city Grafton city Hintoncity Huntington city Keyser town McMechen city Mannington city Martinsburg city Morgantown city Moundsville city Parkersburg city Princeton city Bichwood town Sisters ville city Wellsburg city Wheeling city WUliamson city Wisconsin Antigocity Appieton city Ashland city Baraboocity Beaver Dam city Beloitcity Berlin city Burlington city Chippewa Falls city . Columbus city Cudahy city De Perecity Eau Claire city Edgerton city Fond du Lac city . . . 1910 4,507 2,749 2,783 4,209 24,814 3,276 8,171 14,082 6,996 4,181 2,602 4,644 2,740 3,126 237,194 3,244 3,023 104,402 83,743 9,300 19,364 4,060 4,976 11,188 2,662 22,996 3,184 9,201 2,615 5,260 9,711 7,563 3,656 31,161 3,705 2,921 2,672 10,698 9,150 8,918 17,842 3,027 3,061 2,684 4,189 41,641 3,661 7,196 16,773 11,594 6,324 6,758 16,125 4,636 3,212 8,893 2,523 3,691 4,477 18,310 2,613 18,797 1900 2,121 1,737 7,838 2,608 3,154 3,863 3,443 1,308 1,884 80,671 2,101 711 36,848 37,714 3,126 10,049 451 4,511 4,644 2,392 11,099 4,050 2,391 2,016 6,656 6,650 3,763 11,923 2,536 1,465 1,681 7,564 1,895 5,362 11,703 ■ 2,979 2,588 38,878 5,145 15,086 13,074 6,761 5,128 10,436 4,489 2,526 8,094 2,349 1,366 4,038 17,517 2,192 15, 110 1890 1,309 1,649 2,768 1,302 1,535 4,698 4,558 1,732 'i,'484 42,837 1,993 19,922 36,006 3,546 4,709 2,934 1,775 2,287 6,742 3,008 918 737 1,023 3,159 2,670 10,108 2,166 427 7,226 1,011 2,688 469 2,235 34,522 4,424 11,869 9,956 4,605 4,222 6,315 4,149 2,043 8,670 1,977 3,626 17,416 1,595 12,024 CITY, TOWN, VILLAGE, OB BOBOUGH. Wisconsin — Con. Fort Atldnson city . . . Grand Bapids city Green Bay city Hartford city Hudson city Janesvillecity Jefferson city Kaukauna city Kenosha city La Crosse city Lake Geneva city Madison city Manitowoc city Marinette city Marshfield city Menasha city Menomonie city Merrill city Milwaukee city Mineral Point city Monroe city Neenah city New London city Oconomowoc city Oconto city Oshkosh city Piatteville city Plymouth city Port Washington city Portage city Prairie du Chien city. Bacine city Reedsburg city Bhinelander city Bice Lake city Eicliland Center city. Riponcity Shawano city Sheboygan city South Milwaukee city Sparta city Stanley city Stevens Point city Stoughton city Sturgeon Bay city Superior city Tomahcity Tomahawk city Two Rivers city Washburn city Watertown city Waukesha city Waupaca city Waupun city Wausau city Wauwatosa city West AlUs city Whitewater city Wyoming Casper town Cheyenne city Evanston town Laramie city Bawlins city Bock Springs city Sheridan city 1910 3,877 6,621 25,236 2,982 2,810 13,894 2,682 4,717 21,371 30,417 3,079 26,531 13,027 14,610 5,783 6,081 6,036 8,689 373,867 2,925 4,410 5,734 3,383 3,054 5,629 33,062 4,452 3,094 3,792 5,440 3,149 38,002 2,615 5,637 3,968 2,662 3,739 2,923 26,398 6,092 3,973 2,676 8,692 4,761 4,262 40,384 3,419 2,907 4,850 3,830 8,829 8,740 2,789 3,362 16,560 3,346 6,646 3,224 2,639 11,320 2,683 8,237 4,266 5,778 1900 3,043 4,493 18,684 1,632 3,259 13,185 2,584 5,115 11,606 28,895 2,585 19,164 11,786 16, 195 5,240 6,589 5,655 8,537 285,315 2,991 3,927 6,964 2,742 2,880 6,646 28,284 3,340 2,257 3,010 5,459 3,232 29,102 2,225 4,998 3,002 2,321 3,818 1,863 22,962 3,392 3,555 2,387 9,524 3,431 3,372 31,091 2,840 2,291 3,784 8,437 7,419 2,912 3,186 12,354 2,842 3,405 14,087 2,110 8,207 2,317 4,363 1,559 1890 2,283 1,702 9,069 1,296 10,836 2,287 4,667 6,632 25,090 2,297 13,426 7,710 11,523 3,450 4,581 5,491 6,809 204^468 2,694 3,768 5,083 2,060 2,729 5,219 22,836 2,740 1,603 1,659 6,143 3,131 21,014 1,737 2,658 2,130 1,819 3,358 1,505 16,359 2,795 7,896 2,470 2,195 11,983 2,199 1,816 2,870 8,755 6,321 2,127 2,757 9,253 544 11,690 1,995 6,388 2,235 3,406 281 1 Joint population of Bristol town, Sullivan County, Term., and Bristol city, Va.: 1910, 13,396; 1900, 9,850; 1890, 6,226. 2 Includes population (367) of West Clifton Forge town. » Fairhaven and New Whatcom cities consolidated under the name of BeiUngham city in 1903. ■.;irfi':> ']' ' ><>!''/■ S ' »'1( »»i'r . Chapter 2. COLOE OR EAOB, NATIVITY, PARENTAGE, AND SEX. Introduction.— This chapter, dealing with the com- positiou of the population, gives in condensed form statistics relative to color or race, nativity, parentage, and sex, as returned at the Thirteenth Decennial Census, taken as of April 15, 1910, with comparative figures for prior censuses. Alaska, Hawaii, Porto Rico, and other outlying possessions are not included. The classification by color or race distinguishes six groups, namely, white, negro, Indian, Chinese, Japanese, and "All other" (consisting principally of Hindus and Koreans) . On account of their compara- tively small number, the four last-named groups are combined in some of the tables. The white population is divided into four groups: (1) Native, native parentage — that is, having both parents born in the United States; (2) native, foreign parentage— having both parents born in foreign countries; (3) native, mixed parentage — having one parent native and the other foreign born; (4) foreign born. In many of the tables native whites of foreign parentage and of mixed parentage are combined. This double classification by color or race, and by nativity and parentage, results in five principal classes of the population — the native whites of native parentage, the native whites of foreign or mixed parentage, the foreign-bom whites, the negroes, and all others. The last named group is frequently omit- ted from the tables, as it is neither numerous nor important. Following in each case this classification according to color or race, nativity, and parentage, statistics are presented in the first section of this chapter for the total population; in the second section for the total population distinguished by sex; in the third section for the population 21 years of age and over, also dis- tinguished by sex; and in the fourth section for the male population of mihtia age (18 to 44 years, inclu- sive). In connection with the population 21 years of age and over, much greater detail is given regarding males than regarding females, and statistics are also presented relative to the naturahzation of the foreign- born white males. TOTAI POPULATION BY COLOR OR RACE, NATIVITY, AND PARENTAGE. UNITED STATES AS A WHOLE. General summary : 1910 and 1900. — ^Table 1 shows the number of persons of each color or race at the last two censuses, the total number of native and foreign-born inhabitants, and the number of whites distributed according to nativity and parentage. Table 1 CLASS OF Porm-ATioK. Total popnlatloa White Negro otter colored races Indian Chinese Japanese Another Total native Total foreign bom. Total white Native Native parentage. . Foreign parentage. Mixed parentage. . . Foreign born 91,973,266 81,731,967 9,827,763 412,646 266,683 71,531 72,167 3,175 78,456,380 13,615,886 81,731,967 68,386,412 49,488,676 12,916,311 6,981,626 13,346,545 75,994,575 66,809,196 8,833,994 351,386 237, 196 89,863 24,326 65,653,299 10,341,276 66,809,196 66,695,379 40,949,362 10,632,280 6,013,737 10,213,817 inckease:' 1900-1910 Number. 15,977,691 14,922,761 993, 769 61,161 28,487 -18,332 47, 831 3,175 12,803,081 3,174,610 11,922,761 11,791,033 8,639,213 2,284,031 967,789 3,131,728 Per cent. 21.0 22.3 11.2 17.4 12.0 -20.4 196.6 19.6 30.7 22.3 20.8 20.9 21.6 19.3 30.7 PER CENT OF TOTAL POPULATION. 1910 100.0 88.9 10.7 0.4 0.3 0„1 0.1 85.3 14.7 88.9 74.4 53.8 14 6.5 14.5 1900 100.0 87.9 11.6 0.5 0.3 0.1 m 86.4 13.6 87.9 74.5 53.9 14.0 6.6 13.4 1 A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease. 3 i^ess than one-tenth of 1 per cent. Of the. population of the United States in 1910, 81,731,957, or 88.9 per cent, were whites; 9,827,763, or 10.7 per cent, were negroes; and 412,546, or four- tenths of 1 per cent, were other colored races. Of the total population, 78,456,380, or 85.3 per cent, were native and 13,515,886, or 14.7 per cent, foreign born, the latter consisting chiefly of whites. The native white population numbered 68,386,412, and constituted 83.7 per cent of the white population and 74.4 per cent of the total population of the country. The 13,345,545 foreign-bom whites constituted 16.3 per cent of the white population and 14.5 per cent of the total population. Native whites of native parentage in 1910 numbered 49,488,575, constituting 60.5 per cent of the white population and 53.8 per cent of the total poptdation. Native whites of foreign parentage formed 15.8 per cent of the white population and those of mixed parentage 7.3 per cent, the corresponding percent- ages based on the total population being 14 and 6.5, respectively. Of the total increase of 15,977,691 in the popiilation of the country between 1900 and 1910, the whites con- tributed 14,922,761, the negroes 993,769, and other races 61,161. The increase in the native population was 12,803,081, and that in the foreign born, 3,174,610, or about one-fifth of the total increase. The percentage of increase for the whites, 22.3, was a little less than twice as high as that for the negroes, 11.2. This difference is partly due, however, to the direct or indirect effect of immigration upon the increase of the white population. The native white (77) 78 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. population increased 20.8 per cent and the foreign- bom white 30.7 per cent. There was very little dififer- ence in the rates of increase for the three parentage groups of the native white population. By reason of these differences in the rates of in- crease of the several classes of population there was some change between 1900 and 1910 in the relative importance of the dififerent groups. Whites consti- tuted 88.9 per cent of the total population in 1910, as compared with 87.9 per cent in 1900. Native whites, however, constituted a slightly smaller pro- portion of the total in the later year than in the earlier, while foreign-bom whites formed 14.5 per cent of the total in 1910, as compared with 13.4 per cent 10 years before. It should be borne in mind that the increase in the white groups, from one census to another, represents more than the natural growth by excess of births over deaths. The increase of negroes and Indians, since their number is only slightly affected by immigration or emigration, is essentially a natural increase. The increase in the several white groups, however, is mate- rially affected, directly or indirectly, by immigration, which greatly exceeds emigration. The total niimber of whites is swelled directly by immigration; the niunber of native whites by the children bom of immigrants after their arrival in this country; and the number of native whites of native parentage by the children of the native whites of foreign or mixed parentage. Additions to the number of native whites of foreign parentage, of course, consist wholly of the children of the foreign bom, while the additions to the native whites of mixed parentage are the children of inter- marriages between the foreign bom and the native. It is possible, however, to estimate approximately the natural increase of the white population by sub- tracting from the total white population enumerated in 1910 the number of foreign-born whites who had immigrated to the country after 1900. The remainder, when compared with the white population enumerated in 1900, may be accepted as indicating approximately the growth in the white population apart from immi- gration, or, in other words, the natural increase of the white population between 1900 and 1910. The num- ber of foreign-born whites enumerated in 1910 who had arrived in this country subsequently to January 1, 1901, was almost exactly 6,000,000. Subtracting this from the total white population enumerated in 1910 the remainder is about 76,730,000, which, as compared with the white population in 1900, 66,809,196, repre- sents a difference of about 9,920,000, or 14.8 per cent. 1 To be strictly accurate one should subtract the number of children enumerated in 1910 who were bom in this country of the immigrants who came in after 1900; this number, however, is un- known, and is at least partially offset by the number of surviving white persons (also unmown) enumerated in 1900 who emigrated from the United States before April 15, 1910, and the surviving children bom of such emigrants. Moreover, one should deduct the survivors (number unknown) of the immigrants who arrived in this country between June 1, 1900, the date of the Twelfth Census, and January 1, 1901. This may somewhat exceed the natural increase, however, because certain minor factors have not been taken into account in this computation;* it is probable that the true rate of natural increase for the aggregate white population was not far from 14 per cent, and that this percentage may be fairly compared with the rate of increase in the negro population, 11.2 per cent. White and negro population. — The number of whites . and negroes in the total population of the United States at each census from 1790 to 1910 is given in Table 2. Tables NVUBEB. PEK CENT OF TOTAL. CENSUS TEAB. Total population. White. Negro. Indian, Chinese, Japanese, and all other. White. Negro. Ind., Chi., Jap., and all other. 1910 1900 1890 1880 18701.... WO 2... 1860 1860 91,972,266 75,994,575 62,947,714 60,155,783 38,568,371 S9,818,U9 31,443,321 23,191,876 17,069,453 12,866,020 9,638,453 7,239,881 5,308,483 3,929,214 81,731,957 66,809,196 65,101,268 43,402,970 33,689,377 si,SS7,S92 26,922,637 19,553,068 14,195,806 10,637,378 7,866,797 5,862,073 4,306,446 3,172,006 9,827,763 8,833,994 7,488,676 6,580,793 4,880,009 B,S9B,17B 4,441,830 3,638,808 2,873,648 2,328,642 1,771,656 1,377,808 1,002,037 757,208 412,546 351,386 357,780 172,020 88,985 88,985 78,954 88.9 87.9 87.5 86.5 87.1 se.z 85.6 84.3 83.2 81.9 81.6 81.0 81.1 80.7 10.7 11.6 11.9 13.1 12.7 IS.B 14.1 15.7 16.8 18.1 18.4 19.0 18.9 19.3 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.8 0.3 1840 1830 1820 1810 . 1800 1790 1 As enumerated. > Estimated corrected figures. See explanation In text. The census of 1860 was the first at which Indians were distinguished from the other classes. Not, how- ever, untU the census of 1890 was any enumeration made of the Indians on reservations or "living in tribal relations," so that statistics for the group in which they are included in the table are not com- parable further back than 1890. The distinction of white and colored is the only one which has been carried through all the 13 censuses. There is some doubt whether the small number of taxed Indians were counted with the white or with the colored prior to 1860. The proportion of whites in the total population, which was approximately four-fifths in 1790, has in- creased at each succeeding census, except for an insig- nificant decrease in 1810 as compared with 1800. The apparently lower percentage in 1880, as com- pared with 1870, is undoubtedly erroneous, being due to the faulty census of 1870, which is known to have been generally deficient in the Southern states. The number of omissions in these states in 1870 is estimated to have been 747,915 whites and 512,163 negroes, aggregating 1,260,078. (See Reports of the Eleventh Census, Population, Part I, pp. xi, xii, and xvi.) Assuming these estimates to be correct, the white population in 1870 represented 86.2 per cent of the total and the negro 13.5. During the first 40 years of the period covered by the table, the proportions of whites and negroes did not change materially, although the total population more than trebled. Thereafter the proportion of COLOR OR RACE, NATIVITY, AND PARENTAGE. 79 whites increased more rapidly — ^from 81.9 per cent in 1830 to 88.9 per cent in 1910. Table 3 gives the decennial increase, both absolute and relative, in the white and ia the negro popula- tion for each decade from 1790 to 1910. Table 3 INCREASE. PEB CENT OP INCREASE. Total. White. Negro. Total. WMte. Ne- gro. 1900-1910 15,977,691 13,046,861 ■12,466,467 11,697,412 10,SS7,SS4 8,375,118 7,116,050 8,261,445 6,122,423 4,203,433 3,227,567 2,398,672 1,931,398 1,379,269 14,922,761 11,707,938 ■ 11,680,920 9,813,593 9,065,678 7,414,755 6,666,840 7,369,469 6,357,263 3,668,427 2,670,581 2,004,724 1,656,627 1,134,440 993,769 1,345,318 ■889,247 1,700,784 1,188, en 950,34$ 438,179 803,022 765,160 645,006 656,986 393,848 376,771 244,829 21.0 20.7 24.9 30.1 rn.o 116.6 22.6 36.6 36.9 32.7 33.6 33.1 36.4 36.1 22.3 21.2 26.7 29.2 S6.4 i7.S 24.8 37.7 37.7 34.7 33.9 34.2 36.1 35.8 11.2 1890-1900.. 18 1880-1890 13.6 1870-1880 34.9 1870-1880' 11. 1860-1870^. il.S 1860-1870 9.9 1850-1860 .. 22.1 1840-1860 26.6 1830-1840 . 23.4 1820-1830 31.4 1810-1820... 28.6 1800-1810 37.6 1790-1800 32.3 ■ Exclusive of .326,464 persons (among whom were 117,368 whites and 18,636 negroes) specially enumerated in 1890 in Indian Territory and on Indian reservations. 2 Estimated corrected increase. The addition to the total white population in the decade 1900-1910 was considerably greater than during any other decade and indeed exceeded the total white population of the country in 1840. The in- crease in the negro population, however, was less than that from 1890 to 1900 and was much less than that from 1870 to 1880 as based on the returns. If, however, the irregularity in the increase for the decades 1860-1870 and 1870-1880, due to the defective enumeration of the population in 1870, be corrected to correspond with the estimated population of 1870, the increase of negroes from 1870 to 1880 becomes less marked, although still greater than that from 1900. to 1910. Assuming the estimates for 1870 to be approxi- mately correct, each decade since 1790 has shown for the white population an absolute gain larger than that for the decade immediately preceding, and the per- centage of increase for the white population has ex- ceeded that for the negro population in every decade smce 1790 except 1800-1810. In the 50 years 1860- 1910 the white population increased 203.6 per cent and the negro population 121.3 per cent. A comparison of the decennial rates of increase in the white population from 1790 to 1910 reveals three clearly defined periods. From 1790 to 1860 the rate was high and remarkably uniform, varying httle from 35 per cent. Then it fell off abruptly and for three decades, from 1860 to 1890 (accepting the esti- mated figures for 1870), was close to 27 per cent. The third period dates from 1890, the percentage of increase being 21.2 from 1890 to 1900 and 22.3 from 1900 to 1910. With respect to the rate of increase of the negroes, three similar periods also appear, the second, however, begummg in 1830 and the third in 1880. According to the returns the rate from 1880 to 1890 was very much lower than even the estimated rate from 1870 to 1880, and the rate from 1890 to 1900 was much higher than during either the preceding or the succeeding decade. Such abrupt changes in the growth of a class of the population which is not affected by immigra- tion seem very improbable and almost force the con- clusion that the enumeration of negroes in 1890 was deficient. Indian, Chinese, and Japanese population. — In Table 4 are shown the numbers of Indians, Chinese, and Japanese at each census from 1860 to 1910. Table 4 CENSUS tear. Indian. Chinese. Japanese. 1910. . 266,683 237,196 248,263 66,407 25,731 44,021 71,631 89,863 107,488 106,466 63,199 34,933 72, 157 1900 24,326 1890 2,039 1880 148 1870 55 I860 Indians in Indian Territory and on Indian reserva- tions are not included in the totals for 1860, 1870, and 1880, but are included m the totals for 1890, 1900, and 1910. Since 1890 the Indian population has increased slightly, although a slight decrease is indicated for the decade 1890-1900; the Chinese population de- creased, while the Japanese increased rapidly during each of the two decades and in 1910 slightly outnum- bered the Chinese. There were also enumerated in 1910 other nonwhite races, consisting, for the greater part, of Hindus and Koreans, to the number of 3,175. Black and mulatto population. — Table 5 gives a classification of the negro population as black or mu- latto for the several censuses at which this distinction has been made. Table 5 CENSUS TEAK.' NEGRO POPULATION. PEE CENT OF TOTAL. Total. Black. Mulatto. Black. Mulatto. 1910 9,827,763 2 7,488,676 4,880,009 4,441,830 3,638,808 7,777,077 6,337,980 4,296,960 3,853,467 3,233,067 2,050,686 1,132,060 584,049 688, .363 405,761 79.1 84.8 88.0 86.8 88.8 20.9 1890 15.2 1870 12.0 1860 1.3.2 1860 11.2 ■ No data for 1880 or 1900. a Includes 18,636 'negroes enumerated in Indian Territory, not distinguished as black or mulatto. No data are available for 1880 or 1900. Of the 9,827,763 negroes enumerated in 1910, 7,777,077 were returned as black and 2,050,686 as mulatto. In 1850 the percentage of mulattoes was 11.2. It had advanced but httle in 1870, being only 12 per cent, but since 1870 the proportion of mulattoes in the total negro population appears to have increased very mate- rially, reaching 15.2 per cent in 1890 and 20.9 per cent in 1910. Considerable uncertainty necessarily attaches to this classification, however, since the accuracy of the distinction made depends largely upon the judgment and care of the enumerators. Moreover, the fact that the definition of the term "mulatto" adopted at differ- ent censuses has not been entirely uniform may affect the comparabihty of the figures in some degree. In 1870, as in 1910, however, the term was applied to aU 80 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. persons having any perceptible trace of negro blood, excepting, of course, negroes of pure blood. Native and foreign-born population. — The aggregate population at each census from 1850 to 1910 is classified as native or foreign born in Table 6. Table 6 POPULATION. PER CENT OF TOTAL. Total. Native. Foreign bom. Native. Foreign bom. 1910 91,972,266 75,994,675 62,947,714 50,155,783 38,668,371 31,443,321 23,191,876 78,456,380 66,653,299 53,698,164 43,475,840 32,991,142 27,304,624 20,947,274 13,515,886 10,341,276 9,249,660 6,679,943 5, .567, 229 4,138,697 2,244,602 85.3 86.4 85.3 86.7 85.6 86.8 90.3 14.7 1900 13.6 1S90 14.7 1880 13.3 1870 14.4 1860 13.2 1850 9.7 The proportions of the native and foreign born have not changed greatly since 1860. The deficiency in the census of 1870 affected the native population much more than the foreign born, so that the proportions for that year are slightly misleading. It is certain, how- ever, that for the native population the rate of increase has fallen off in each of the last three decades. For the foreign born the rate has fluctuated more or less directly with the volume of immigration. The decen- nial increases from 1850 to 1910 are shown in Table 7. Table 7 INCREASE. PER CENT OF INCREASE. DECADE. Total. Native. Foreign bom. Total. Native. For- eign bom. 1900-1910 1890-1900 1880-1890 1870-1880 1860-1870 1860-1860 15,977,691 13,046,861 112,466,467 11,597,412 7,116,050 8,251,446 12,803,081 11,965,145 19,896,863 10,484,698 5,686,618 6,357,360 3,174,610 1,091,716 12,669,604 1,112,714 1,428,532 1,894,095 21.0 20.7 24.9 30.1 22.6 35.6 19.5 22.3 22.8 31.8 20.8 30.3 30.7 11.8 38.6 20.0 34.5 84.4 I Exclusive of population specially enumerated in 1890. Table 8 shows, for 1910, the number of each color or race who were native and foreign bom, respectively, with the percentage which persons of each color or race foirmed of the total foreign bom. Table 8 POPULATION. Total. Native. Foreign bom. COLOE OR RACE. Number. Per cent of total. Per centol total for- eign bom. Total population. White 91,972,266 81,731,957 9,827,763 265,683 71,631 72, 167 3,175 78,466,380 68,386,412 9,787,424 262,930 14,935 4,602 177 13,615,886 13,346,545 40,339 2,753 56,596 67,665 2,998 14.7 16.3 0.4 1.0 79.1 93.8 94.4 100.0 98.7 Negro 0.3 0) CMnpsf 0.4 0.5 All other (') 1 Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. The distinction of native or foreign birth is significant for the white population only. The proportion of for- eign born among the negroes and Indians is quite unim- portant; and while more than three-fourths of the members of the other nonwhite'races enumerated are of foreign birth, the distinction has little significance. In the subsequent consideration of the population of the United States the distinction between native and foreign born is generally noted only in the case of the white population. White population by nativity and parentage. — ^Table 9 classifies the total white population at each census from 1850 to 1910 as native or foreign born, and the native white population at each census from 1870 to 1910 by parentage. Statistics as to parentage are not available for any census prior to that of 1870. The decennial increases are also given in the table for all decades for which figures are available. Table 9 Total white. NATIVE wmTE. CENSUS YEAR OR DECADE. Total. Native parentage. Foreign or mixed parentage. Foreign- bom white. Total. Foreign. Mixed. 1910 81,731,967 66,809,196 65,101,258 43,402,970 33,689,377 26,922,637 19,553,068 68,386,412 66,695,379 46,979,391 36,843,291 28,095,665 22,826,784 17,312,533 49,488,576 40,949,362 34,475,716 128,668,424 122,771,397 18,897,837 15,646,017 11,503,676 18,274,867 15,324,268 12,916,311 10,632,280 8,085,019 16,363,769 14,167,098 5,981,526 5,013,737 3,418,666 11,911,098 11,157,170 13,346,646 10,213,817 1890 9,121,867 1380 6,659,679 5,493,712 4, 0961 753 1850 2,240,635 Increase: lQno-19in 14,922,761 11,707,938 2 11,580,920 9,813,593 6,666,840 7,369,469 22.3 21.2 26.7 29.2 24.8 37.7 11,791,033 10,615,988 2 9,018,732 8,747,626 5,269,881 6,513,251 20.8 23.1 24.5 31.1 23.1 31.8 8,539.213 6,473,646 2 5,789,924 5,797,027 3,261,820 4,142,342 3,228,808 2,960,699 2,284,031 2,547,261 1,721,260 2,196,671 967,789 1,695,081 1,607,558 753,928 3,131,728 1,091,950 2,562,188 1ft7ft-18Sn 1,065,967 1,396,969 1,856,218 Per cent of increase: 20.9 18.8 20.3 25.5 20.8 36.0 39.0 55.4 21.6 31.6 27.0 52.7 19.3 46.7 78.9 65.2 30.7 laqft-ionn 12. e 39.1 1ft7n-18fiO 19.4 34.1 82. S 1 Partly estimated. • Exclusive of wlilte population specially enumerated in 1890. The native white population increased 20.8 per cent in the decade 1900-1910; in the preceding decade, 1890-1900, the increase was 23.1 per cent. For the native whites of native parentage, however, the rate of increase was higher from 1900 to 1910 than in the preceding decade, being 20.9 per cent as COLOR OR RACE, NATIVITY, AND PARENTAGE. 81 compared with 18.8. For the native whites of foreign parentage, on the other hand, the rate from 1900 to 1910 was lower, and there was a decline even more marked in the percentage of increase for the native whites of mixed parentage — from 46.7 per cent in the earlier decade to 19.3 ih the later. It should be remembered, however, that these percentages do not represent the rates of "natural" increase for the several classes compared, for the reason, already noted, that the births among the native population of foreign parentage are contributions to the growth of the native population of native parentage, and the native whites of foreign parentage are similarly dependent for their increase upon the birth rate among the foreign-bom whites. These variations in the rates of increase are affected by preceding varia- tions in the number of immigrants and in their age distribution, sex distribution, and other characteris- tics, but the effects are very difficult to trace. A further presentation for each of the nativity and parentage classes of the white population is given in Table 10, which shows the proportion which they formed of the white population and of the total population of the country, respectively, at each census from 1850 to 1910. Table lo Total wliite. NATIVE -WHITE. CENSUS YEAK. Total. Native parent- age. Foreign or mixed parentage. For- eign- born Total. For- eign. Mixed. PEE CENT OF TOTAL WHITE POPULATION. 1910. ... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 83.7 84.7 83.4 84.9 83.6 84.8 88.5 60.5 61.3 62.6 65.8 67.8 23.1 23.4 20.9 19.1 15.9 15.8 15.9 14.7 14.7 12.4 7.3 7.5 6.2 4.4 3.4 16.3 1900 15.3 1890 16.6 1880 15.1 1870 16.4 1860 15.2 11.6 PEK CENT OF TOTAL POPULATION. 1910 88.9 87.9 87.5 86.5 87.1 85.6 84.3 74.4 74.5 73.0 73.5 72.9 72.6 74.6 53.8 63.9 54.8 57.0 59.1 20.6 20.6 18.3 16.5 13.8 14.0 14.0 12.8 12.7 10.8 6.5 6.6 5.4 3.8 3.0 14.5 1900 13.4 1890 14.5 1880 . . 13.1 1870 14.2 1860 13.0 1850 9.7 Of the total white population in 1910, approximately five-sixths (83.7 per cent) were native and about one- sixth (16.3 per cent) foreign born. The proportion of foreign born in the white population increased from 11.5 per cent in 1850 to 15.2 per cent in 1860, and to 16.4 per cent in 1870 (doubtless slightly exag- gerated by the deficiency in enumeration in the South, where most of the population is native). Since 1870 it has slightly decreased and slightly increased in alternate decades. The proportion of persons of native parentage among the whites has decreased during each of the four decades covered by the figures, falling off from 67.8 per cent of the total in 1870 to 60.5 per cent in 1910. 72497°— 13 6 Those of foreign and of mixed parentage, taken together, constituted a larger proportion of the white population at each succeeding census from 1870 to 1900, but the proportion in 1910 (23.1 per cent) was a trifle lower than in 1900. DIVISIONS AND STATES. Population by color or race, nativity, and parentage. — The population of the divisions and states in 1910 and 1900 is classified in Table 12 by color or race, and in Table 13 by nativity and parentage. The general geographic distribution of the principal race, nativity, and parentage classes of the population in 1910 is indicated in Table 11. Table 11 PER CENT DISTRIBUTION BY GEOGRAPfflO DIVISIONS: 1910 Total lation. White. Negro. SECTION AND DIVISION. Total. Native. For- eign horn. Ind., Chi., Jap and aU other. Native parent- age. For- eign or mixed parent- age. TTnlted States 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 ThelTortta 60.6 7.1 21.0 19.8 12.7 32.0 13.3 9.1 9.6 7.4 2.9 4.0 66.9 7.9 23.1 21.9 13.9 25.1 9.0 7.0 8.2 8.0 3.1 4.9 65.3 5.3 17.1 19.7 13.2 37.6 14.8 11.0 11.7 7.2 3.0 4.3 84.6 10.9 29.6 27.0 17.0 6.7 2.3 1.1 3.2 8.8 3.3 5.6 84.8 13.6 36.2 23.0 12.1 5.4 2.2 0.7 2,6 9.7 3.3 6.5 W.i 0.7 4.3 3.1 2.6 89.0 41.8 27.0 20.2 0.5 0.2 0.3 21.6 1.4 Middle Atlantic 4.3 East North Central West North Central 5.4 10.6 22.4 2.6 East South Central West South Central The West 0.7 19.1 66.0 22.2 Pacific 33.8 Of the total white population in 1910, about two- thirds (54,640,209, or 66.9 per cent) were in the four northern divisions, and of the negro population, ap- proximately nine-tenths (8,749,427, or 89 per cent) were in the three southern divisions. The Chinese and the Japanese were mainly in the states of the Pacific coast and Kocky Mountains; and the Indians mainly on scattered reservations, and in states lying west of the Mississippi, more than one-fourth (74,825, or 28.2 per cent) being in Oklahoma. Of the 13,345,545 foreign-born whites in 1910, ap- proximately five-sixths (11,321,016, or 84.8 per cent) were in the four northern divisions; and practically the same proportion (15,967,158, or 84.5 per cent) of the 18,897,837 native whites of foreign or mixed parentage were in these same divisions. Of the total foreign- born white population, 36.2 per cent were in the Middle Atlantic division, a percentage which considerably ex- ceeds the corresponding figure for 1900 (32.3 per cent). The native whites of native parentage were widely dis- tributed, 27,352,035, or 55.3 per cent, of this class in 1910 being in the four northern divisions, 18,561,146, or 37.5 per cent, in the three southern divisions, and 3,575,394, or 7.2 per cent, in the two western divisions. 82 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. COLOR OR RACE, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES: 1910 AND 1900. Table IZ POPULATION BY COLOB OB BACE. DrViaiON AND STATE. Total. WMte. Negro. Indian. Chinese. Japanese. ^ other! 1>10 1900 1910 19M 181« i9g« 1910 1960 i»ie 1»«0 1910 1900 1910 TJnlted States 91,972,26S 75,994,575 81,731,967 «(,809,196 9,827,763 8,833,994 265,683 237,198 71,631 89,8(3 72,157 21,326 3,176 Qeoobaphic divisions: Now Hnsland 6,552,681 19,315,892 18,250,621 11,637,921 12,194,895 8,409,901 8,784J534 2,633,517 4,192,304 5,592,017 15,454,678 15,985,581 10,347,423 10,443,480 7,647,757 6,632,290 1,674,657 2,416,692 6,480,514 18,880,452 17,927,622 11,361,621 8,071,603 5,754,320 6,721,491 2,520,455 4,023,873 6,527,026 15,110,862 15,710,053 10,065,817 6,706,058 6,044,847 4,771,065 1,679,855 2,293,613 66,306 417,870 300,836 242,662 4,112,488 2,652,513 1,984,426 21,467 29,195 59,099 325,921 267,842 237,909 3,729,017 2,499,886 1,694,066 16,590 14,664 2,076 7,717 18,255 41,406 9,054 2,612 76,767 75,338 32,458 1,600 6,959 15,027 42,339 6,585 2,690 65,574 66,155 30,367 3,499 8,189 3,415 1,195 1,582 414 1,303 5,614 46,320 4,203 10,490 2,633 1,135 1,791 427 1,655 7,950 69,779 272 1,643 482 1,060 156 26 428 10,447 57,703 89 446 126 223 29 7 39 5,107 18,269 11 Middle Atlantic 21 Sast North Central 11 37 South Atlantic 12 10 119 196 Pacific 2,755 New England: jigine 742,371 430,572 355,956 3,366,416 542,610 1,114,756 9,113,614 2,537,167 7,665,111 4,767,121 2,700,876 5,638,591 2,810,173 2,333,860 2,075,708 2,224,771 3,293,335 577,056 583,888 1,192,214 1,690,949 202,322 1,295,346 331,069 2,061,612 1,221,119 2,206,287 1,515,400 2,609,121 752,619 2,289,905 2,184,789 2,138,093 1,797,114 1,574,449 1,656,388 1,657,155 3,896,542 376,053 325,694 145,965 799,024 327,301 204,354 373,351 81,876 1,141,990 672,765 2,377,549 694,466 411,588 343,641 2,805,346 428,556 908,420 7,268,894 1,883,669 6,302,115 4,157,545 2,516,462 4,821,650 2,420,982 2,069,042 1,751,394 2,231,853 3,106,665 319, 146 401,570 1,066,300 1,470,495 184,735 1,188,044 278,718 1,854,184 958,800 1,893,810 1,340,316 2,216,331 528,542 2,147,174 2,020,616 1,828,697 1,551,270 1,311,564 1,381,625 790,391 3,048,710 243, 329 161,772 92,531 539,700 195,310 122,931 276,749 42,335 618,103 413,536 1,485,063 739,996 429,906 354,298 3,324,926 632,492 1,098,897 8,966,845 2,445,894 7,467,713 4,654,897 2,639,961 5,526,962 2,785,247 2,320,555 2,059,227 2,209,191 3,134,932 569,855 563,771 1,180,293 1,634,352 171,102 1,062,639 236,128 1,389,809 1,156,817 1,500,511 679,161 1,431,802 443,634 2,027,951 1,711,432 1,228,832 786,111 1,131,026 941,086 1,444,631 3,204,848 360,580 319,221 140,318 783,415 304,694 171,468 366,583 74,276 1,109,111 655,090 2,259,672 692,226 410,791 342,771 2,769,764 419,060 892,424 7,156,881 1,812,317 6,141,664 4,060,204 2,458,502 4,734,873 2,398,563 2,057,911 1,737,036 2,218,667 2,944,843 311,712 380,714 1,056,626 1,416,319 163,977 952, 424 191,532 1,192,855 915,233 1,263,603 567,807 1,181,294 297,333 1,862,309 1,640,186 1,001,152 C41,200 944,580 729,612 670,204 2,426,669 226,283 164,496 89,051 529,046 180,207 92,903 272,465 35,405 496,304 394,582 1,402,727 1,363 564 1,621 38,055 9,629 15,174 134,191 89,760 193,919 111,452 60,3^ 109,049 17,115 2,900 7,084 14,973 167,452 617 817 7,689 64,030 31,181 232,250 94,446 671,096 64,173 697,843 835,843 1,176,987 308,669 261,666 473,088 908,282 1,009,487 442,891 713,874 137,612 690,049 1,834 651 2,235 11,453 1,628 2,009 1,144 613 6,068 1,492 21,646 1,319 662 826 31,974 9,092 15,226 99,232 69,844 156,845 96,901 57,5J5 85,078 15,816 2,542 4,959 12,693 161,234 286 465 6,269 62,003 30,697 235,064 88,702 660,722 43,499 624,469 782,321 1,034,813 230,730 284,706 480,243 827,307 907,630 366,856 650,804 55,684 620,722 1,523 293 940 8,570 1,610 1,848 672 134 2,514 1,105 11,045 892 34 26 688 284 152 6,046 168 1,503 127 279 188 7,519 10,142 9,053 471 313 6,486 19,137 3,502 2,444 5 55 68 539 36 7,851 331 95 74 234 216 909 1,253 460 780 ■ 74,825 782 10,745 3,488 1,486 1,482 20,573 29,201 3,123 5,240 10,997 5,090 16,371 798 22 5 587 35 153 5,257 63 1,639 42 243 16 6,354 8,372 9,182 382 130 6,968 20,225 3,322 2,130 9 3 22 354 12 5,687 121 19 358 102 108 177 2,203 66 593 64,445 470 11,343 4,226 1,686 1,437 13,144 26,480 2,623 5,216 10,039 4,961 15,377 108 67 8 2,582 272 462 5,266 1,139 1,784 569 276 2,103 241 226 275 97 635 39 121 112 16 30 378 369 154 90 80 57 233 191 52 43 62 257 62 507 139 595 1,285 859 246 373 248 1,305 371 927 2,709 7,363 36,218 119 112 39 2,968 366 59» 7,170 1,393 1,927 371 207 1,503 240 212 166 104 449 32 166 180 39 61 544 455 243 56 51 67 204 120 57 75 58 237 62 599 58 836 1,739 1,467 461 699 341 1,419 672 1,352 3,629 10,397 45,753 13 1 3 151 33 71 1,247 20S 190 76 38 285 49 34 67 36 99 59 42 590 107 4 24 47 14 3 2 8 4 60 12 8 4 2 9 31 48 340 1,585 1,363 1,596 2,300 258 371 2,110 864 12,929 3,«8 41,356 4 1 53 13 18 354 52 40 27 5 80 9 5 51 7 9 148 1 3 4 1 9 7 10 11 Middle Atlantic; New York 19 2 East North Central: Oliio 2 Illinois 1 2 3 West North Central: 2 3 1 28 South Atlantic: 11 1 1 1 East South Central: 4 3 17 2 1 1 West South Central: 1 110 Texas 13 2,441 1,291 393 48 8 281 417 228 6,617 2,501 10,151 8 Mountain: 24 Idaho 12 84 1 Utah 20 55 Pacific: 186 312 California 2,257 I Includes population of Indian Territory for 1900. COLOR OR RACE, NATIVITY, AND PARENTAGE. NATIVITY AND PARENTAGE, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES: 1910 AND 1900. 83 Table 13 DIViaiON AND STATE. Tnited States... GEOQBAPmc divisions: New England Middle Atlantic East North Central. West North Central. South Atlantic East South Central. West Soath Central Mountain Pacific 78,456,380 New England: Maine New Hampshire Vermont Massachusetts Bhode Island Connecticut Middle Atlantic: New York New Jersey Pennsylvania East North Central: Ohio Indiana Illinois Michigan Wisconsin West North Central: Minnesota Iowa Missouri North Dakota South Dakota Nebraska Kansas South Atlantic: Delaware Maryland District of Columbia. Virginia West Virginia North Carolina South Carolma Georgia Florida East South Central: Kentucky Tennessee Alabama Mississippi West South Central: Arkaasas Louisiana Oklahoma! ' Texas Mountain: Montana Idaho , Wyoming Colorado New Mexico Arizona Utah Nevada PAcmc: Washington Oregon Caliifoma TOTAL POPULATION BY NATIVIIT. Native. 1910 1900 4,727,571 14,464,719 15,176,855 10,021,226 11,894,901 8,322,076 8,432,342 2, 180, 195 3,236,495 631,809 333,905 306,036 2,307,171 363,469 785,182 6,366,603 1,876,379 6,222,737 4,168,747 2,541,213 4,433,277 2,212,623 1,820,995 1,632,113 1,951,006 3,063,556 420,402 483,098 1,015,652 1,565,499 184,830 1,190,402 306, 167 2,034,655 1,163,901 2,200,195 1,609,221 2,593,644 711,986 2,249,743 2,166,182 2,118,807 1,787,344 1,567,403 603,622 1,616,713 3,664,604 281,340 283,016 116, 945 669,437 304, 155 165,689 307,529 62,184 885,749 559,629 1,791,117 65,653,299 4,146,780 12,137,119 13,360,356 8,814,176 10,227,450 7, 457, 189 6,265,203 1,372,688 1,872,340 601,136 323,481 298,894 1,959,022 294,037 670,210 5,368,469 1,461,786 6,316,865 3,698,811 2,374,341 3,854,803 1,879,329 1,563,071 1,246,076 1,926,933 2, 890, 206,055 313, 062 ,888,963 1,343,810 170,926 [,094,110 258,599 1,834,723 936,349 1,889,318 1,334,788 2,203,928 504,710 2,096,925 2,002,870 814, 105 1,643,289 1,297,275 1,328,722 769,853 2,869,353 176,262 137, 168 75, 116 448,545 181,685 98,698 222, 972 32,242 406,739 347,788 1,117,813 Foreign bom. 1910 1900 13,515,886 1,826,110 4,851,173 3,073,766 1,616,695 299,994 87,825 362, 192 453,322 955,809 110,562 96,667 49,921 1,069,245 179,141 329,674 2,748,011 660,788 1,442,374 598,374 159, 663 1,206,314 597,650 512, 866 543,595 273,765 229, 779 156, 654 100,790 176,662 135,460 17,492 104,944 24,902 27,057 67,218 6,092 6,179 15,477 40,633 40,162 18,607 19,286 9,770 17,046 52, 766 40,442 241,938 94,713 42,578 29,020 129,587 23,146 48,765 66,822 19, 691 256,241 113,136 686,432 10,341,276 1,445,237 3,317,559 2,625,226 1,533,248 216,030 90,568 267,087 301,969 544,352 93,330 88,107 44,747 846,324 134,519 238,210 1,900,425 431,884 985,250 458,734 142, 121 966,747 641, 663 516,971 505,318 305,920 216,379 113,091 88,508 177,347 126,686 13,810 93,934 20,119 19,461 22,451 4,492 5,528 12,403 23,832 60,249 17,746 14,592 7,981 14,289 52,903 20,538 179,357 67,067 24,604 17,416 91,155 13,625 24,233 53,777 10,093 111,364 65,748 367,240 "WHITE POPULATION BY NATIVITY AND PARENTAGE. Native. Total. 1910 68,386,412 4,666,128 14,064,273 14,860,402 9,738,390 7,781,048 5,667,469 6,372,732 2,083,546 3, 162, 425 629,862 333,348 304,437 2,273,876 354,467 770, 138 6,237,573 1,787,706 6,028,994 4,057,662 2,480,639 4,324,402 2,189,723 1,807,986 1,516,217 1,935,707 2,906,036 413, 697 463,143 1,004,428 1,499,162 163,682 958,466 211,777 1,363,181 1,099,745 1,494,569 673,107 1,416,730 409,792 1,987,898 1,692,973 1,209,876 776,722 1,114,117 889,304 1,404,447 2,964,864 278,794 113,200 656,564 281,940 124,644 303, 190 56,277 867,914 652,089 1,742,422 1900 56,695,379 4,090,164 11,808,746 13,089,756 8,634,712 6,497,176 4,955,166 4,607,065 1,291,494 1,821,122 599,291 322,830 298,077 1,929,650 286,278 655,028 6,267,358 1,382,267 5,159,121 3,602,304 2,316,641 3,770,238 1,868,367 1,542,206 1,232,101 1, 912, 885 2,729,068 199, 122 292,385 879,409 1,289,742 140,248 869,280 172,012 1,173,787 892,864 1,259,209 652,436 1,169,273 278,076 1,812,176 1,622,600. 986,814 633,575 930,394 677,759 649,814 2,249,088 163,910 132,605 72,469 438, 571 166,946 70,508 219,661 26,824 394,179 340,721 1,086,222 Native parentage. 1910 49,488,576 40,949,362 2,613,419 8,462,961 9,751,968 6,523,687 7,341,205 6,452,492 5,767,449 1,466,624 2,108,770 494,907 230,231 229,382 1,103,429 159,821 395,649 3,230,325 1,009,909 4,222,727 3,033,259 2,130,088 2,600,556 1,224,841 763,226 676,081 1,303,626 2,387,835 162,461 245,652 642,076 1,207,067 127,809 766,627 166,711 1,325,238 1,042,107 1,485,718 661,970 1,391,058 373,967 1,863,194 1,654,606 1,177,459 757,233 1,077,609 776,687 1,310,403 2,602,950 162,127 203,599 80,696 475,136 255,609 82,468 171,663 35,326 585,386 416,851 1,106,633 1900 2,511,110 7,406,579 8,488,016 5,660,903 6,107,314 4,725,774 4,028,944 865, 101 1,165,621 493,082 242,614 225,381 1,032,264 144,986 372,783 2,861,513 826,973 3,729,093 2,651,440 1,952,194 2,271,765 1,026,714 686,903 426,780 1,261,068 2,204,874 65, 811 136, 191 553,524 1,013,655 118,029 680,049 134,073 1,141,213 843,981 1,250,811 540,766 1,144,360 254,032 1,673,413 1,481,636 956,668 614,067 897,668 669,962 601,562 1,959,762 92,937 89,851 47,982 311,335 149,029 44,830 104,026 15, 111 265,068 256,125 644,428 Foreign parentage. Mixed parentage. 1910 12,916,311 10,632,280 1,460,565 4,113,076 3,460,016 2,102,703 274,451 123,915 364,032 370,009 657,545 1900 1,117,093 3,143,021 3,110,784 1,933,117 233, 871 131,048 285,781 266,255 411, 310 73,465 67,601 39,507 846, 820 144,270 288,912 2,241,837 576,011 1,295,228 671,275 211,008 1,232,166 611,319 724,268 667,460 396,541 312,027 180,064 143, 046 234, 670 169,906 17,666 130,321 26,522 21,613 35,407 3,886 5,769 13,232 20,145 76,523 20,572 17,667 9,153 18,387 68,389 49,877 227,379 68,606 40,075 19,751 114,747 14,410 26,117 73,983 12,320 174,846 79,336 403,364 68,306 63,282 38,239 660,694 104,087 212,486 1,761,868 402,893 978,260 612,518 216,785 1,070,211 533,547 678,723 597,800 419, 123 319, 110 102, 680 110, 915 221,983 161,506 14,767 119,188 22,449 17,099 26,838 3,321 5,936 12,006 12,267 21,281 15,186 8,345 15,199 63,317 24,683 182,582 46,246 23,373 15,450 79,692 9,677 15,466 69,204 7,147 79,422 49, 068 282,830 1»10 1900 6,981,626 6,013,737 592, 1,478, 1,668, 1,112, 165, 91, 241, 246, 396, 61,500 36,616 36,648 323, 627 60,376 86,677 766,411 201,786 511,039 353, 118 139,543 491, 692 353, 563 320, 503 273, 676 236,640 206, 174 71,182 74,446 127,683 122, 199 8,307 61,517 18,544 16,330 22,231 4,965 5,378 12,440 15,680 48,181 17,795 14,750 10,336 18,221 44,328 44,167 134,535 38,203 36,120 12,753 66,681 11,921 16,059 67,644 8,631 107,683 55,902 232,525 461,951 ,259,146 ,490,966 940, 692 155,990 98,343 192,330 170, 138 244, 191 47,903 26,934 34,457 246,692 36,205 69,760 663,977 163,401 461,768 338,346 148, 662 428,262 298, 106 277,580 208,521 232,694 205,084 30, 631 45,279 103,902 114,581 7,462 60,043 15,490 15,475 22,035 5,077 5,734 12,907 11,777 52,527 19,683 14,970 11,163 17,627 44,480 23,679 106,744 24,727 19,381 9,037 47,644 8,240 10,212 46,431 4,566 49,689 35,538 158,964 Foreign bom. 1910 1900 13,345,646 10,213,817 1,814,386 4, 826, 179 3,067,220 1,613,231 290,555 86,857 348,759 436,910 861,448 110, 133 96,568 49,861 1,061,060 178,025 328,769 2,729,272 658,188 1,438,719 597,245 159,322 1,202,660 595, 624 512, 669 543,010 273,484 228,896 156, 158 100,628 175,866 135, 190 17,420 104,174 24,351 26,628 57,072 6,942 6,054 15,072 33,842 40,053 18,459 18,956 16,909 51,782 40,084 239,984 91,644 40,427 27,118 126,851 22,654 46,824 63,393 17,999 241,197 103,001 617,250 1,436,872 3,302,116 2,620,297 1,531,105 208,883 89,682 264,010 288,361 472,491 92,935 87,961 44,694 840, 114 133,772 237,396 1,889,523 430,050 982, 543 457, 900 141,861 984,035 540, 196 515,706 504,936 305,782 215,776 112,590 88,329 177, 117 126,677 13,729 93,144 19,520 19,068 22,379 4,394 6,371 12,021 19,257 50,133 17,586 14,338 7,625 14,186 51,853 20,390 177, 581 62,373 21,890 16,682 90,475 13,261 22,395 62,804 8,681 102,126 63,861 316,505 ' Includes population of Indian Territory for 1900. 84 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. PERCENTAGE OP NEGROES IN THE TOTAL POPULATION: 1910. PERCENTAGE OF FOREIGN-BORN WHITES IN THE TOTAL POPULATION: 1910. COLOR OR RACE, NATIVITY, AND PARENTAGE. 85 PERCENTAGE OF NATIVE WHITES OF FOREIGN OR MIXED PARENTAGE IN THE TOTAL POPULATION: 1910. PERCENTAGE OF FOREIGN-BORN WHITES AND NATIVE WHITES OP FOREIGN OR MIXED PARENTAGE COMBINED IN THE TOTAL POPULATION: 1910. I I Less than 5 per cent."' DID S to 10 per cent. ^ 10 to 15 per cent. ^ 15 to 25 per cent. fXl 25 to 35 per cent. BIl 35 to 50 per cent. IM! 50 per cent and over. The heavy lines (■— ) show geographic dmsions. 86 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. COLOR OR RACE, NATIVITY, AND PARENTAGE— PER CENT DISTRIBUTION, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES: 1910 AND 1900. Table 14 DIVISION AND STATE. United States Geogeaphio divisions: New England Middle Atlantic East North Central. . . West North Central. . South Atlantic East South Central . . . .West South Central.. MountBin Pacific New England: Maine New Hampshire Vermont Massachusetts Bhode Island Connecticut Middle Atlantic: New York New Jersey Pennsylvania East Nokth Centeal: Ohio Indiana Illinois Michigan Wisconsui West Noeth Centeal: Minnesota Iowa Missouri North Dakota South Dakota Nebraska Kansas South Atlantic: Delaware Maryland District of Columbia. . Virginia West Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Florida East South Centeal: Kentucky Tennessee Alabama Miaaissippi West South Centeal: Arkansas Louisiana Oklahoma! Texas Mountain: Montana Idaho Wy Dining Colorado New Mexico Arizona Utah Nevada PAcmc: Washington Oregon California pee cent of total population. White. 1910 97.7 98.2 97.6 60.2 68.4 76.6 96.7 96.0 99.7 99.8 99.5 98.8 98.1 98.6 98.4 96.4 97.4 97.6 97.7 98.0 99.1 99.2 99.3 95.2 98.8 96.6 99.0 96.7 84.6 82.0 71.3 67.4 94.7 68.0 44.8 S4.9 58.9 88.6 78.3 67.6 43.7 71.8 56.8 87.2 82.2 95.9 98.0 96.1 98.0 93.1 83.9 98.2 90.7 97.1 97.4 95.0 1900 87.9 97.8 98.3 97.3 64.2 66.8 73.0 94.3 94.9 99.7 99.8 99.7 98.7 97.8 98.2 98.4 96.2 97.5 97.7 97.7 98.2 99.1 99.5 99.2 99.4 94.8 97.7 94.8 99.1 96.3 83.4 80.2 68.7 64.3 96.5 66.7 41.6 63.3 66.3 86.7 76.2 54.7 41.3 72.0 52.8 84.8 79.6 93.0 95.6 96.2 98.0 92.3 75.6 98.5 83.6 95.8 95.4 94.6 Negro. 1910 10.7 1.0 2.2 1.6 2.1 33.7 31.5 22.6 0.8 0.7 0.2 0.1 0.5 1.1 1.8 1.4 1.5 3.6 2.6 2.3 2.2 1.9 0.6 0.1 0.3 0.7 4.8 0.1 0.1 6 3.2 15.4 17.9 28.6 32.6 5.3 31.6 56.2 46.1 41.0 11.4 21.7 42.6 66.2 28.1 43.1 8.3 17.7 0.6 0.2 1.6 1.4 0.5 1.0 0.3 0.6 0.5 0.2 0.9 1900 11.6 1.1 2.1 1.6 2.3 35.7 33.1 25.9 0.9 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.2 1.1 2.1 1.7 1.4 3.7 2.5 2.3 2.3 1.8 7 1 0.3 6 5.2 1 1 0.6 3.5 16.6 19.8 31.1 35.6 4.5 33.0 68.4 46.7 43.7 13.3 23.8 45.2 58.5 28.0 47.1 7.0 20.4 0.6 0.2 1.0 1.6 0.8 1.5 0.2 0.3 0.6 0.3 0.7 Indian, Chi- nese, Japa- nese, and all other. 1910 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.1 0) 0.9 3.6 3.3 0.1 « (') 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 (') 0) (') w 0.3 0.4 5 C) C) 1.1 3.3 0.4 0.2 (') « 0.1 m (') 0.4 (') 0) (') (') o (') 0.1 (') 0.1 4.6 W 3.6 1.8 2.3 0.5 6.4 15.1 1.5 8.7 2.3 2.4 4.0 1900 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.1 W 1.0 4.7 4.5 0.1 (') (■) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 « (1) (') 0.3 0.4 0.6 W (') 2.2 5.1 0.3 0.1 (') « 0.2 w 0.3 (') (') 0.1 P) « 0.2 O 0.1 8.2 (') 6.4 4.3 2.7 0.4 6.9 22.9 1.3 16.1 3.7 4.3 4.8 Native white. Total. 1910 74.4 71.2 72.8 81.4 83.7 63.8 67.4 72.5 79.1 75.4 84.8 77.4 86.5 67.6 65.3 69.1 68.4 70.5 78.7 86.1 91.8 76.7 77.9 77.6 73.0 87.0 88.2 71.7 79.3 84.2 88.7 76.0 74.0 64.0 66.1 90.1 67.7 44.4 54.3 54.4 86.8 77.5 56.6 43.2 70.8 63.7 84.8 76.1 71.5 85.6 77.6 82.2 86.1 61.0 81.2 68.7 76.0 82.1 73.3 1900 74.6 73.1 76.4 81.9 82.5 62.2 65.7 69.0 77.1 75.4 86.3 78.4 86.7 72.1 72.6 73.4 81.9 86.6 92.1 78.2 76.8 74.5 70.3 86.7 87.8 62.4 72.8 82.5 87.7 75.9 72.3 61.7 63.3 93.1 66.5 41.2 52.8 52.6 84.4 75.4 54.0 40.8 70.9 49.1 82.2 73.8 67.4 82.0 78.3 81.3 85.5 67.4 79.4 63.4 76.1 82.4 73.1 Native parentage. 1910 63.8 39.9 43.8 53.4 66.1 60.2 64.8 65.7 55.7 60.3 66.7 53.5 64.4 32.8 29.5 35.5 35.4 39.8 55.1 63.6 78.9 46.1 43.6 32.7 27.7 58.6 72.5 28.2 42.1 53.9 71.4 63.2 59.2 50.4 64.3 85.3 67.3 43.7 53.3 49.7 81.4 75.7 55.1 42.1 68.4 46.9 79.1 66.8 43.1 62.5 56.3 59.6 78.1 40.4 46.0 43.1 Foreign or mixed par. 1900 53.9 44.9 47.9 53.1 64.7 68.6 62.6 617 61.1 48.2 71.0 68.9 66.6 39.2 43.8 59.2 63.8 77.6 47.1 42.4 28.3 24.3 66.5 71.0 20 6 33.9 51.9 68.9 63.9 57.2 48.1 61.5 88.0 66.0 40.3 51.6 48.1 77.9 73.3 52.3 39.6 68.4 41.3 76.1 64.3 38.2 65.6 51.9 57.7 76.3 36.5 37.6 35.7 1910 20.6 31.3 28.9 28.0 27.6 3.6 2.6 6.9 23.4 25.1 51.3 51.2 62.0 61.9 46.5 I 43.4 18.2 23.9 21.1 34.8 35.9 33.6 33.0 30.7 23.6 21.6 13.0 30 6 34.3 44.8 46.3 28.4 15.7 43.5 37.2 30 4 17.3 12.8 14.8 13.6 1.8 4.7 0.4 .0.7 1.0 4.8 5.4 1.8 1.6 1.1 2.3 6.8 5.7 28.4 23.1 22.3 22.7 8.0 20.6 35.2 25.6 24.7 20.1 26.7 1900 20.6 28.2 28.5 28.8 27.8 3.7 3.0 7.3 26.1 27.1 15.3 19.5 21.2 32.0 32.7 31.1 33.2 29.5 22.7 22.9 14.5 31.1 34.4 46.2 46.0 29.2 16.9 41.8 38.9 30.6 18.8 12.0 15.1 13.6 1.8 5.1 0.4 0.9 1.1 4.5 6.5 2.0 1.6 1.3 2.6 7.8 6.1 9.5 29.2 26.4 26.5 23.6 9.2 20.9 41.8 27.7 24.9 20.5 29.7 Foreign-bom white. 1910 14.5 1900 13.4 27.7 25.0 16.8 13.9 2.4 1.0 4.0 16.6 20.6 14.8 22.4 14.0 31.2 32.8 29.5 29.9 25.9 18.8 12.6 5.9 21.3 21.2 22.0 26.2 12.3 7.0 27.1 17.2 14.8 8.0 8.6 8.0 7.4 1.3 4.7 0.3 0.4 0.6 4.5 1.7 0.8 0.9 0.5 1.1 3.1 2.4 24.4 12.4 18.6 15.9 6.9 22.9 17.0 22.0 21.1 16.3 21.8 26.7 21.4 16.4 14.8 2.0 1.2 4.0 17.2 19.6 13.4 21.4 13.0 29.9 31.2 26.1 26.0 22.8 15.6 11.0 6.6 20 22.3 24.9 28.8 13.7 6.9 36.3 22.0 16.6 8.6 7.4 7.8 7.0 1.0 2.3 0.2 0.4 0.5 3.6 2.3 0.9 0.8 0.5 1.1 3.8 2.6 5.8 25.6 13.5 17.9 16.8 6.8 18.2 19.1 20.3 19.7 13.0 21.3 Total native (all races). 1910 85.3 72.1 74.9 83.2 86.1 97.5 99.0 96.0 82.8 77.2 85.1 77.5 86.0 68.6 67.0 70.4 74.0 812 87.4 94.1 78.6 78.7 78.0 73.8 87.7 93.0 72.9 82.7 85.2 92.0 91.4 91.9 92.5 98.7 95.3 99.7 99.6 99.4 94.6 98.2 99.1 99.1 99.5 98.9 96.8 97.6 93.8 74.8 86.9 80.1 83.8 92.9 76.1 82.4 75.9 77.6 83.2 75.3 1900 74.2 78.5 83.6 85.2 97.9 98.8 95.9 82.0 77.5 86.6 78.6 87.0 69.8 68.6 73.8 73.9 77.1 844 89.0 94.4 79.9 77.6 75.1 71.1 86.3 93.0 64.6 78.0 83.4 9L4 92.6 92.1 92.8 99.0 97.7 99.8 99.6 99.4 95.5 97.7 99.1 99.2 99.5 98.9 96.2 97.4 94.1 72.4 84.8 81.2 83.1 93.0 80.3 80.6 76.2 78.5 84.1 75.3 Total foreign bom (all races). 1910 14.7 27.9 25.1 16.8 13.9 2.6 1.0 4.0 17.2 22.8 14.9 22.5 14.0 31.6 33.0 29.6 30 2 26.0 18.8 12.6 6.9 21.4 21.3 22.0 26.2 12.3 7.0 27.1 17.3 14.8 3.0 8.6 8.1 7.5 1.3 4.7 0.3 0.4 0.6 5.4 1.8 0.9 0.9 0.5 1.1 3.2 2.4 6.2 25.2 13.1 19.9 16.2 7.1 23.9 17.6 24.1 22.4 16.8 24.7 1900 13.6 25.8 21.5 16.4 14.8 2.1 1.2 4.1 18.0 22.5 13.4 21.4 13.0 30.2 31.4 26.2 26.1 22.9 15.6 11.0 5.6 20.1 22.4 24.9 2S.9 13.7 7.0 36.4 22.0 16.6 8.6 7.S 7.9 7.2 1.0 2.3 0.2 0.4 0.6 4.5 2.3 0.9 0.8 0.5 1.1 3.8 2.6 5.9 27.6 15.2 18.8 16.9 7.0 19.7 19.4 23.8 21.5 15.9 24.7 1 Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. "Includes Indian Territory for 1900. COLOR OR RACE, NATIVITY, AND PARENTAGE. 87 The distribution by color or race, nativity, and parentage of the population of each division and state in 1910 and 1900 is shown by percentages in Table 14. The figures for 1910 may be more readily grasped by means of the acqpmpanying diagram and the four maps on pages 84 and 85. COLOE OR RACE, NATIVITY, AND PARENTAGE: 1910. PER CENT U MASS, 93 N. J. y////A^////A(//////)^/y/y,^^m:^ ^^ El- PA. vy//M/////Ay////^^/////Xy////X'/, ^zxt'za.m "zzazA < OHJO o: b INO. MINN. < IOWA q: t.5 MO. (Obi uu N. OAK. y/////j^////A ^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ KANS. |S.DAK. ^^^^^^^^^S^^S ^^^^^^^^^^2 V//M/////X'////A/////P////A^/////X'//M ^^^^^ DEL. MD. D. C. VA. W. VA. N. 0. S. C. GA. FLA. v////)i//////!(/////y/////(/////x/////yi{ /i!^ ^^^^^^^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^z 5 ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^ ■^ZZZZ.'Z^Zl ^^^^^^^^^^^ 7^^777,V7777yyP777?:WW. 7m7y ^^^^^^ V/////X'////A/// //A'/////M'////y^mz. ^^^^a y/////](/////A{/////A^/////yy/////^/////y/////^'////7> %-" "''■ 3" MISS. V/'////X'/////A'/////A'//////Xm v/////iy/////(//////)(//////Y/////\'/////M'///m ^^^^^^ ujO J TEX. V/////A^/////X'/////X//////)l/////A'77777 ;>. MONT. IDAHO WYO. COLO. N. MEX. ARIZ. UTAH NEV. v////, Y/y//^ Y/Z/A W/Y/ ^4M w^ WSJS4 ii^A /'/'/' 'W/M '^Z////, y///// '////// v////^ y/A//A '4mi ifrMSf ■^mft ffA 7////^ '////// '//////, y/////. '////// 'AAJm tii^m »m^ ///; '/■• '/////A '//////^ y/////y '/////A '//////, '/////// ////// V////y v////,, Ma W/S& WJ ///. ■ i W///, y//////. '/////A W//A VAm wm>. wm ^^^ fffi 77Ji ^^ '//utef. VMM 'jfAKa ti!eos». «««tf mmf •:*!*5!*;v* '••y ••• < WASH. yAAAAA^f^ AAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA OREO. ^^^^^^^^^^^^ "•■■ - VAAA/A}^/m//m/////m NATrVE WHITE -NATIVE PARENTAGE |l^^^^ FOREIQN-BORN ^ NATIVE WHITE - FOREIGN OR MIXED PARENTAGE NEGRO AND ALL OTHER Table 15, derived from Table 14, presents percent- ages for 1910 for each division and for each of the three great geographic sections, the North, the South, and the West. Table 15 PER CENT OF TOTAL POPULATION: 1910 White. Negro. Ind., Chi., Jap., and all other. Native white. Native parent- age. Foreign or mixed parent- age. For- eign- bom white. United States . . 88.9 10.7 0.4 53.8 20.6 14 5 The ITorth 98.0 98.9 97.7 98.2 97.6 69.9 66.2 68.4 76.5 95.9 95.7 96.0 1.8 1.0 2.2 1.6 2.1 29.8 33.7 31.5 22.6 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.3 0.1 ^0^9 3.4 3.5 3.3 49.1 39.9 43.8 63.4 66.1 63.2 60.2 64.8 65.7 62.4 55.7 60.3 28.6 31.3 28.9 28.0 27.6 4.3 3.6 2.6 6.9 24.5 23.4 25.1 20 3 27.7 Middle Atlantic 26.0 East North Central 16.8 West North Central The South 13.9 2.5 South Atlantic 2.4 East South Central 1.0 West South Central The West 4.0 19.0 16.6 Pacific 20.5 • Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. In 1910 whites constituted 98 per cent of the total population in the North, 95.9 per cent in the West, and 69.9 per cent in the South. The nonwhite popu- lation in the North and in the South consists chiefly of negroes, but in the West it consists chiefly of Indians, Chinese, and Japanese. Among the nine geographic divisions the proportion of whites in 1910 was highest in New England (98.9 per cent) and lowest in the South Atlantic division (66.2 per cent); among the individual states it was highest in New Hampshire (99.8 per cent) and lowest in Mississippi and South Caroliaa, the only states where whites constituted less than one-half of the population. Native whites of native parentage constituted in 1910 approximately one-half of the total population of the North (49.1 per cent) and of the West (52.4 percent), but in the South they constituted a little over five- eighths (63.2 per cent) of the total. Native whites of foreign or mixed parentage formed 28.6 per cent of the total population in the North, 24.5 per cent in the West, and only 4.3 per cent in the South. Foreign- born whites constituted a much larger proportion in the North (20.3 per cent) and in the West (19 per cent) than in the South (2.5 per cent). Consideriag the nine geographic divisions, the pro- portion of native whites of native parentage in the total population was highest ia the West South Central division (65.7 per cent), but was approximately the same in the East South Central (64.8 per cent); it was lowest in New England (39.9 per cent). On the other hand, the proportion of native whites of foreign or mixed parentage was highest in New England (31.3 per cent) and lowest in the East South Central division (2.6 per cent). These same two divisions, likewise, ranked highest and lowest, respectively, in the proportion of foreign-born whites (27.7 per cent and 1 per cent of their total population, respectively). Table 14 also shows the composition of the popula- tion of each division and state in 1910 in comparison 88 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. with that in 1900. For the nine geographic divisions the changes which have taken place are shown in the accompanying diagram. COLOR OR RACE, NATIVITY, AND PARENTAGE: 1910 AND 1900. O 10 20 PER CENT 40 60 eo TO UNITED STATES NEW ENGLAND MID. ATLANTIC E. NO. CENTRAL W. NO. CENTRAL SO. ATLANTIC E. SO. CENTRAL W. SO. CENTRAL MOUNTAIN 1910 leoo m y/// m yyyy W m m myj q m m yyy yyyy yyy/ "m WiVi n m yyy yyy/ ^^ w^ m JBLZaZA WA m yy/A y/y/ m m m ^ITiflX^ 1 '///. V//y yyy yyy/ M m m ^ M m y/A yyy yyy m m m W ^T^lTSri m y///^ '//// y//y yyy m m> m WJ/A m y/// yyy/. yyyy yyy/ ^ ^ m ^^ 'm y/// yyy/ yyy) yyyy m ^ m m'/A 'm m 'M yyy/ yyy/ m m m WiTM '///, ■m y//A yyyy y/y/ yyy/ ^^■■■■■i y///. ^ m m m m ^JH^aiB^Hi j [ 1 I y///. y//// yyy. ^/// m 'yyyy '^alKKHI^M ■M yyy/. yyy/. yyyy W/ yyy/ ^^S^^KM _U_J y/A y/yy. y/y yyyy y/y/ yyyy yy^ efM m m yyy/ yyy/ yyy/ yyy/ ^ m ■^■i J m m yyyy yyyy yyyy y/^ m m y/ ^M m m yyy/, m M, m m^ m 77, ^5 ^ Y//, yy/y yyy yyy/ 'M m Wd Y/ £M m yyy/, m M W. m m m ?z nm 1910 1900 ______^_^_^_^^^^^_^_^^_^^^^^ NATIVE WHITE - NATIVE PARENTAQE [^Q FOBEION-BORN WHITE NATIVE WHITE - FOREIGN OR MIXED PARENTAGE ^^| NEGRO AND ALL OTHER Comparing the percentages for 1910 with those for 1900, as shown in Table 14, it appears that whites formed a larger proportion of the total population in 1910 than in 1^00 in each geographic division except the Middle Atlantic and the East North Central, in both of which the change in the other direction was insignificant. In every Southern state except West Virgiaia and Arkansas the proportion of whites was appreciably higher in 1910 than in 1900. Of the total population of the United States, 53.8 per cent were native whites of native parentage in 1910 and 53.9 per cent in 1900. But while the per- centage remaiaed practically unchanged for the coun- try as a whole, it decreased in every New England and Middle Atlantic state and also in Ohio, Illinois, Delaware, and West Virginia. On the other hand, the native whites of foreign or mixed parentage constituted a greater proportion of the population m 1910 than in 1900 in most of the states of the New England and Middle Atlantic divisions, whUe the proportion declined or remained imchanged in every state outside of these two divisions except North Dakota, Delaware, and Florida. The foreign-born whites formed a larger proportion of the population in 1910 than in 1900 m the New England, Middle Atlantic, East North Central, South Atlantic, and Pacific divisions, but a smaller proportion in the West North Central, East South Central, and Moimtain divisions. The slight changes in the small percentages of foreign-bom whites in the southern divisions, how- ever, are not especially significant. The increase in the proportion of foreign-bom whites was most marked in the Middle Atlantic division (from 21.4 per cent in 1900 to 25 per cent in 1910). The proportion was, however, even somewhat higher in New Eng- land, although the change between 1900 and 1910 (from 25.7 to 27.7 per cent) was less. The increase in the proportion of foreign-born whites was greatest in Arizona (from 18.2 per cent in 1900 to 22.9 in 1910), New York (from 26 per cent to 29.9 per cent), Connecticut (from 26.1 to 29.5), Pennsylvania (from 15.6 to 18.8), and New Jersey (from 22.8 to 25.9). In Table 14 are given also the percentages native and foreign born in the aggregate popidation. As already stated, practically all negroes and Indians are native, while most of the Chinese and Japanese are foreign bom. Except, however, in the South and in some Western states the colored elements in the popu- lation are not of sufficient importance to make the percentages for the total native and total foreign-bom population differ materially from the percentages for the native white and foreign-bom white. These differ- ences are easily interpreted if the geographic distribu- tion of the colored elements is kept in mind. Broadly speaking, the percentage of foreign bom has increased in the East and the far West but declined or remained practically stationary in the central and southern portions of the United States. White population by nativity and parentage. — Table 16 shows for each division and state in 1910 and 1900 the percentage of the total white population repre- sented by each nativity or parentage group. Naturally in those sections of the coimtry where the popidation is almost all white the difference between the percentage which any class of the white popula- tion forms of the total population and the percentage which it forms of the white population is inappreciable. In the South, however, the difference is very marked. In the South Atlantic division the native whites of native parentage in 1910 constituted 60.2 per cent of the total population, but 91 per cent of the white popu- lation. In the East South Central division the per- centages were 64.8 and 94.8, respectively; in the West South Central, 65.7 and 85.8. Of the white population of North Carolina in 1910, 99 per cent were natives of native parentage, the corresponding . percentage in COLOR OR RACE, NATIVITY, AND PARENTAGE. 89 South Carolina being 97.5; in Georgia, 97.2; in Ten- nessee, 96.7; iQ Mississippi, 96.3; in Alabama, 95.8; in Virginia, 95.4; and in Arkansas, 95.3. Table 16 DIVISION AND STATE. TTnlted States. Geogsafhic divisions: New England IMiddle Atlantic East North Central.. West North Central. South Atlantic East South Central. . West South Central. Mountain Pacific New England: Maine New Hampshire Vermont Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut Middle Atlantic: New Yorlc New Jersey Pennsylvania East Nobth Central: Ohio Indiana Illinois Michigan Wisconsin West North Central: Minnesota Iowa Missouri North Dakota South Dakota Nebraska South Atlantic: Delaware Maryland District of Columbia. , Virginia West Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Florida East Sodth Central: Kentucky , Tennessee Alabama Mississippi West South Central: Arkansas Louisiana OklEihomai Texas Mountain: Montana Idaho Wyoming Colorado New Mexico Arizona Utah Nevada Pacific: Washington Oregon California PER CENT OP total WHITE POPULATION. Native. Total. 1910 83.7 72.0 74.4 82.9 85.8 96.4 98.6 94.8 82.7 78.6 86.1 77.5 86.9 68.4 66.6 70.1 73.1 80.7 87.2 94.0 78.2 78.6 77.9 73.6 87.6 ,92.7 72.6 82.2 85.1 91.7 89.8 90.2 89.7 98.1 95.1 99.6 99.1 98.9 92.4 98.0 98.9 98.5 98.8 98.6 94.6 97.2 92.6 74.6 87.3 80.7 83.8 92.6 72.7 82.7 76.8 78.3 84.3 77.1 1900 84.7 74.0 78.1 83.3 84.8 96.9 98.2 94.6 81.7 79.4 86.6 78.6 87.0 69.7 68.1 73.4 73.6 76.3 84.0 88.7 94.2 79.6 77.5 74.9 70.9 86.2 92.7 63.9 76.8 83.2 91.1 91.1 90.2 89.8 98.4 97.6 99.7 99.0 99.0 93.6 97.3 98.6 92.9 97.0 92.7 72.4 85.8 81.4 82.9 92.6 75.9 80.6 75.8 79.4 86.3 77.4 Native parentage. 1910 60.6 40.3 44.8 54.4 57.5 91.0 94.8 85.8 58,2 62.4 66.9 63.6 64.7 33.2 30.0 36.0 36.0 41.3 66.6 65.2 80.7 47.1 44.0 32.9 27.9 69.0 76.2 28.6 43.6 64.4 73.9 74.7 72.1 70.6 95.4 90.1 99.0 97.5 97.2 84.3 91.9 96.7 95.8 96.3 95.3 82.6 90.7 81.2 46.0 63.8 67.5 60.6 83.9 48.1 46.8 47.6 52.8 63.6 49.0 1900 61.3 46.4 49.0 64.0 66.2 91.1 93.7 84.4 64.1 50.8 71.2 69.1 66.8 37.3 34.6 41.8 46.6 60.7 65.3 79.4 48.0 42.8 28.6 24.6 66.8 74.9 21.1 36.8 62.4 71.6 76.7 71.4 70.0 95.7 92.2 99.0 96.9 96.9 85.4 89.9 96.2 96.6 96.8 96.0 78.1 89.8 41.1 68.2 53.9 68.8 82.7 48.3 38.2 42.7 63.4 64.9 45.9 Foreign or mixed parentage. 1910 31.7 29.6 28.5 28.3 5.4 3.7 9.0 24.6 26.2 18.2 24.0 21.2 35.2 36.6 34.1 33.6 31.8 24.2 22.0 13.3 31.2 34.6 46.0 46.7 28.6 16.6 44.1 38.6 30.7 17.9 16.1 18.1 19.1 2.7 6.0 0.6 1.6 1.8 8.1 6.1 2.2 2.6 2.5 3.2 12.0 6.5 11.3 29.6 23.6 23.2 23.2 8.6 24.6 35.9 28.2 25.6 20.6 28.1 1900 28.6 29.1 29.3 28.6 5.8 4.6 10.0 27.6 28.6 16.3 19.6 21.2 32.4 33.5 31.6 33.8 30.7 23.3 23.4 14.8 31.6 34.7 46.6 46.4 29.4 17.8 42.8 41.0 30.8 19.6 14.4 18.8 19.8 2.7 6.3 0.7 2.1 2.1 8.1 7.6 2.7 3.0 3.0 3.5 14.8 7.2 11.9 31.4 27.7 27.6 24.1 9.9 27.6 42.4 33.1 26.0 21.4 31.6 Foreign horn. 1910 16.3 28.0 26.6 17.1 14.2 3.6 1.5 5.2 17.3 21.4 14.9 22.5 14.1 31.6 33.4 29.9 30.4 26.9 19.3 12.8 6.0 21.8 21.4 22.1 26.4 12.4 7.3 27.4 17.8 14.9 8.3 10.2 9.8 10.3 1.9 4.9 0.4 ao 1,1 7.6 2.0 1.1 1.5 1.2 1.6 6.5 2.8 7.5 25.4 12.7 19.3 16.2 7.4 27.3 17.3 24.2 21.7 15.7 22.9 1900 15.3 26.0 21.9 16.7 15.2 3.1 1.8 6.6 18.3 20.6 13.4 21.4 13.0 30.3 31.9 26.6 26.4 23.7 16.0 11.3 6,8 20.4 22.6 25.1 29.1 13.8 7.3 36.1 23.2 16.8 8.9 9.8 10.2 1.6 2.4 0.3 1.0 1.0 6.5 2.7 1.1 1.4 1.2 1.6 7.1 3.0 7.3 27.6 14.2 18.6 17.1 7.4 24.1 19.4 24.2 20.6 13.7 22.6 1 Includes Indian Territory for 1900. In both the New England and the Middle Atlantic divisions the native whites of native parentage con- stituted less than half the whole number of white persons in 1910. In Minnesota only 27.9 per cent, or hardly more than one-fourth, of the total white popu- lation were natives of native parentage. The percent- age was almost as low in North Dakota, where it was 28.5; in Wisconsin it was 32.9. Other low percentages were found in the East. In Rhode Island 30 per cent of the white population were natives of native parent- age; in Massachusetts, 33.2 per cent; in Connecticut, and also in New York, 36 per cent. These are all the states in which less than two-fifths of the white poptda- tion were natives of native parentage. There are also nine other states where the native whites of native par- entage formed less than half the white population. In several states the native whites of native parentage were exceeded in number by those of foreign or mixed parentage. This was the case in Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Wisconsin, Minnesota, and North Dakota. Increase by color or race, nativity, and parentage. — The absolute and relative increase during the decade 1900-1910 is shown by divisions and states for the principal color or race, nativity, and parentage ele- ments in Table 17. The statistics in this table are particularly useful in that they show the relative increase of the several elements within a single division or state. Differ- ences among divisions or states with reference to the rate of increase for any given class may result merely from the general differences in the rate at which the population as a whole is increasing. In considering these statistics it should be borne in mind that the increase in any given class by no means represents exactly the natural growth by excess of births over deaths. Aside from the factors which have already been mentioned as contributing to the growth of the several elements, particularly the white elements, in the country as a whole (see page 78), the growth in individual states and divisions is largely affected by interstate and inter-divisional migration. Between 1900 and 1910 the white population increased more rapidly than the negro in each of the three southern divisions, where negroes are most numerous, and also in the New England, West North Central, and Mountain divisions. In the Middle Atlantic, East North Central, and Pacific divisions, however, the negroes increased the more rapidly, but in the Pacific division there are stUi very few negroes. In the South as a whole the white population increased from 16,521,970 to 20,547,420, or 24.4 per cent, while the negroes increased from 7,922,969 to 8,749,427, or 10.4 per cent. Migration of whites to the South and of negroes to the North accounts in part for this dif- ference. Many of the individual states in the north- ern and western divisions present conditions as to the relative growth of the white and negro population dif- fering from those shown by the divisions in which the states are located. In the South, however, the only states where the negroes increased faster than the whites were Arkansas, Oklahoma, and West Virginia. 90 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. INCREASE BY COLOR OR RACE, NATIVITY, AND PARENTAGE, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES: 1900-1910. [Per cent not shown where base is less than lOO. A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease.) Table 17 DIVISION AND STATE. United States Geographic divisions: New England Middle Atlantic East North Central. . West North Central. South Atlantic East South Central . . West South Central. Mountain Pacific New England: Maine New Hampshire Vermont Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut Middle Atlantic: New York New Jersey Pennsylvania East Nokth Centkal: Ohio Indiana Illinois Michigan Wisconsin West North Central: Minnesota Iowa Missouri North Dakota South Dakota Nebraska South Atlantic: Delaware Maryland District of Columbia. Virginia West Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Florida East South Central: Kentucky Tennessee Alabama Mississippi West South Central: Arkansas Louisiana Oklahoma^ Texas Mountain: Montana Idaho Wyoming Colorado New Mexico Arizona Utah Nevada Pacific: Washington Oregon Number. 15,977,691 960,664 3,861,214 2,26S,040 1,290,498 1,751,415 862, 144 *, 252, 244 958,860 1,775,612 California.. 47,905 18,984 12,315 561,070 114,054 206,336 1,844,720 653,498 1,362,996 609,576 184,414 817,041 389,191 264,818 324,314 -7; 186,670 257,910 182,318 125,914 220,454 17,587 107,302 52,351 207,428 262,319 312,477 175,084 392,790 224,077 142,731 164, 173 309,396 245,844 282,885 274, 763 866,764 847,832 132,724 163,822 63,434 259,324 131,991 81,423 96, 602 39, 640 Per cent. 21.0 17.2 26.0 14.2 12.5 16.8 11.4 34.6 57.3 73.5 Number. 14,922,761 623, 887 259,229 6.9 4.6 3.6 20.0 26.6 22.7 25.4 34.7 21.6 14.7 7.3 16.9 16.1 12.8 18.5 -0.3 6.0 80.8 45.4 11.8 16.0 9.5 9.0 18.8 11.2 27.4 16.6 13.1 17.7 42.4 6.6 8.1 16.9 15. S 20.0 19.9 109.7 27.8 64.6 101.3 67.7 48.0 67.6 66.2 34 9 93.4 892, 496 60. 1 120.4 62.7 953,488 3,769,590 2,217,569 1,285,804 1,366,545 709,479 1,960,426 940,600 1,730,260 Per cent. 17.3 24. 14.1 12.8 20.4 14.1 40.9 59.5 75.4 47,769 19,115 11,527 555,162 113,442 206,473 1,809,964 633,577 1,3 594,693 181,459 792,089 386,684 262,644 322,191 -9,476 190,089 258,143 183,067 123,767 218,033 17, 125 110,215 44,596 196,964 241,584 236,908 121, 354 250,508 146,301 165,642 171,246 227,680 144,911 186,446 211, 474 774,327 778, 179 134,297 164,726 51, 267 264,369 124,387 78,666 94, 118 38,871 6.9 4.7 3.4 20.0 27.1 23.1 26.3 35.0 21.6 14.6 7.4 16.7 16.1 12.8 18.5 -0.4 6.6 82.8 48.1 11.7 15.4 11.1 U.6 23.3 16.5 26.4 18.7 21.8 21.2 49.2 8.9 11.1 22.7 22.6 19.7 29.0 115.5 32.1 59.3 106.6 Num- ber. 993,769 7,207 91,949 42,994 4,753 383,471 152,627 290,360 6,877 14,631 Per cent. U.2 INDIAN, CHINESE, JAPANESE, AND ALL OTHER. Num- Per ber. cent. 61,161 12.2 28.2 16.7 2.0 10.3 6.1 17.1 37.7 99.1 612,807 260,508 856,945 57 48.1 69.0 84.6 34.5 109.8 123.5 66.0 61.1 44 -98 795 6,081 437 -62 34,959 19,916 37,074 14,551 2,815 23,971 1,299 368 2,126 2,280 -3,782 331 352 1,420 2,027 484 -2,814 7,744 10,374 20,674 73,374 63,522 142, 174 77,939 -23,050 -7, 156 80,975 101,857 76,035 63,070 81,928 69,327 -31 -325 4,477 -59 2,399 38 11,458 12,383 30,821 17.4 3.3 -14.8 96.2 19.0 4.8 -0.3 35.2 28.5 15.0 4.9 28.2 8.2 14.1 42.9 18.0 -2.3 115.7 75.7 22.7 1.6 -1.2 8.9 1.6 47.5 11.7 6.8 13.7 33. -8.1 -1.5 9.8 11.2 20.7 9.7 147.1 11.2 311 368 1,296 2,883 18 161 472 379 3,544 387 10,600 92 -33 -7 -173 175 -85 6 -127 332 140 981 1,208 1,816 -2 114 363 -564 -1,091 727 394 11 100 61 2,195 208 108 -163 139 82 741 -924 404 219 10,509 326 -0.5 -1.8 25.3 -0.1 28.5 1.3 17.1 15.6 28.4 10.0 -24.4 20.4 122.2 137.8 33.6 1.1 8.7 70.2 282.8 141.0 35.0 96.0 -1,884 -1,262 872 2,072 7,586 2,697 2,012 290 7,636 -1,66« 24,951 -4.8 42.3 -11.0 -1.6 0.3 -3.6 76.5 30. 61.4 18.3 21.1 (') 23.1 61.7 -7.9 -6.4 20.7 18.1 NATIVE WHITE. Total. Number. ^^[ 11,791,033 -17.8 2.3 16.5 38.3 110.6 48.2 -34.0 87.4 43.9 311.3 -37.9 315. 18.1 16.3 24.7 675,974 2,246,527 1,770,646 1,203,678 1,283,873 712,304 1,865,677 792,051 1,341, -12.1 -18.1 34.3 99.4 56.2 9.6 66.7 4.3 39.1 -9.3 36.0 30,671 10,618 6,360 344,226 69,189 115,110 970,215 406,439 869,873 465,348 163,998 554,164 331,366 265,780 284,116 22,822 176,968 214,675 170,758 125,019 209,420 13,434 99,186 39,765 189,394 206,891 235,360 120, 671 247, 457 131,716 175,722 170, 373 223,062 143, 147 183,723 211,545 754, 633 716,776 105,026 146, 189 40,731 217. 993 114. 994 54, 136 83,529 29,453 473,736 211,368 666,200 14.1 19.0 13.5 14.1 19.8 14.4 41.4 61.3 73.7 2.1 17.8 24.3 17.6 18.4 12.6 7.1 14.7 17.8 17.2 23.1 1.2 6.6 107.8 58.4 14.2 16.2 11.6 23.1 16.1 23.2 18.7 21.8 21.2 47.4 9.7 11.2 22.6 22.6 19.7 31.2 116.1 31.8 64.1 110.2 56.2 49.7 68.9 76.8 38.0 109.8 120.2 62.0 60.4 Native Number. 8,639,213 102,309 1,056,382 1,263,952 862,784 1,233,891 726,718 1,738,505 611,623 943,149 1,825 -12,383 4,001 71,165 14,836 22,866 378,812 183,936 493,634 381,819 177,894 328,790 198,127 177,322 149,301 42,468 182,961 96,650 109,461 88,551 193,402 9,780 86,678 32,638 184,025 198, 126 234,907 121,204 246,698 119,935 189,781 172,970 220, 801 143, 166 179,841 206, 625 708,851 643,188 69, 190 113,748 32,714 163, 801 106,680 37,638 67,637 20,215 Per 20.9 4.1 14.3 14.9 15.2 20.2 15.4 43.2 71.6 80.9 Foreign or mlxea par. Nimiber. 3,251,820 Per cent. 20. 320,318 120.8 160, 726 462, 10 0.4 -5.1 1.8 6.9 10.2 6.1 13.3 22.3 13.2 14.4 9.1 14.5 19.2 30.3 36.1 3.4 8.3 146.9 80.4 16.0 19.1 12.7 24.3 16.1 23.6 18.8 22.4 21.6 47.2 11.3 11.7 23.1 23.3 20.0 36.3 117.8 32.8 74.4 126.6 68.2 52.6 71.6 84.0 65.0 133.8 473,665 1,189,145 506,694 340,894 49,982 -14,414 127,172 180,528 398,154 28,746 22,901 2,369 273,061 64,354 92,244 691,403 221,603 376,239 73,629 -13,896 225,374 133,229 88,458 134,815 -19,636 -6,993 117,925 61,297 36,468 16,018 3,654 12,607 7,127 5,369 8,766 463 -533 769 11,781 -14,069 -2,697 2,261 -19 4,920 46,782 72,588 35,836 32,441 8,017 64, 192 8,414 16,498 16, 892 9,238 153,417 50,642 194,095 30.0 27.0 11.0 11.9 12.8 -6.3 26.6 41.4 60.7 27.1 28.5 3.2 30.4 38.7 32.7 24.5 39.8 26.3 7.7 -3.8 15.0 16.0 9.2 16.7 -3.0 -1.1 88.6 39.2 11.2 5.8 16.4 7.0 ia8 16.5 17.9 6.4 -4.6 3.0 49.0 -10.1 -6.3 7.6 -0.1 11.9 4.6 94.9 25.1 50.5 75.9 32.7 42.6 47.0 64.2 13.7 78.9 118.8 S9.9 43.9 rOREIGN-BOKN WHITE. Number. 3,131,728 377,614 1,524,063 446,923 82,126 81,672 -2,826 84,749 148,549 388,957 17,198 8,597 6,167 210,936 44,263 91,363 839,749 228,138 466,176 139,346 17,461 237,925 55,328 -3,136 38,076 -32,298 13,121 43,568 12,299 -1,262 8,613 3,691 11,030 4,831 7,560 34,693 1,548 683 3,051 14,685 -10,080 873 4,618 1,764 2,723 -71 19,694 62,403 29,271 18,537 10,536 36,376 9,393 24,429 10,589 9,418 139,072 49,140 200,745 1 Decrease of less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. Per cent. 30.7 26.3 46.2 17.1 6.4 39.1 -3.2 32.1 51.5 82.3 18.5 9.8 11.6 25.1 33.1 38. S 44.4 63.0 46.4 30.4 12.3 24.7 10.2 -0.6 7.5 -10.6 6.1 38.7 13.9 -0.7 6.8 26.9 11.8 24.7 39.6 165.0 36.2 12.7 25.4 75.7 -20.1 6.0 32.2 23.1 19.2 -0.1 96.6 35.1 46.9 847 63.5 40.2 70.8 109.1 20.1 109.8 136.2 91.2 £3.4 ' Includes population of Indian Territory for 1900. COLOR OR RACE, NATIVITY, AND PARENTAGE. 91 The white population increased during the decade 1900-1910 in every state except Iowa, and there were ■only six states — Kentucky, Indiana, Maine, Missouri, New Hampshire, and Vermont — in which the increase was less than 10 per cent. The negro population ■decreased in Maryland, Kentucky, Tennessee, and Missouri, as well as in two New England states. Among the Southern states with a considerable negro popu- lation the highest relative increase was in Oklahoma, 147.1 per cent, as compared with 115.5 per cent for the whites. West Virginia, Florida, and Arkansas showed high percentages of increase for the negroes, while Louisiana, Alabama, Mississippi, Texas, North Carolina, and Georgia, all with a large negro population, showed percentages of increase ranging from 9.7 to 13.7, or -about the same as that for the country as a whole. During the decade 1900-1910 the foreign-bom white population increased by a greater percentage than the native white in the New England, Middle Atlantic, East North Central, South Atlantic, and Pacific divisions. The opposite was the case in the four other divisions; an actual decrease of foreign-bom whites occurred in the East South Central division. In the Middle Atlantic division the foreign-bom whites increased 46.2 per cent, as compared with 19 per cent for the native whites. Of the total increase in the foreign-bom whites in the country as a whole <3,131,728), nearly one-half (1,624,063) was in the Middle Atlantic division and most of the remainder in the East North Central, Pacific, and New England ''xxyvy. y/y//, yA//A AAAA yAAAA yyy^ Wi^ gg^ wz y. •^yyyy/ Myy yyAyA '^'^ iM* ftWS «^ 777 7m 1 '^issifiafaiisemsi^m:^^ m'y /■•• ryy. /••, aanissssa wmmm. 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Ayyyy yyyyy AyyAy yyAAA yyyyy im^ 'mA wy^ v^k Myy yyyyy /yyyyy yyyM UMi ma m^ ^^^ vy/ yyk yy/yy yyyyA Ayyyy yyyyy. yyyyy yyyyytf ^■■B^mlH^ MA^ yyyyyy m», AM yAM iMA 737 /yA ^A'ZEk y/yyA yyM. TAm yyA^ WA, Am, W/ fAA4 "zxiiM, AMy, yyyyy AAyA AAAA AAAA «^ m». TZl^Z^ ^ AAAAy yyyM ■^m ^^, 'ms} w/. fyy ^!2Z| : : ,•, , ,1 AAAA WF/. Am^m ^m MS ssss^ NATIVE WHITE - NATIVE PARENTAOE |^££() f OREIQN-BOSN WHITE NATIVE WHITE -FOREIGN OR MIXED PARENTAGE nUHj NEGRO AND ALL OTHER The proportion of foreign-born whites was low in all! of the southern cities. Among the northern cities it ^as lowest in Indianapolis (8.5 per cent) and Columbus (9 per cent). In many of the 50 cities the proportion of native whites of foreign or mixed parentage was nearly the same as the proportion of foreign-born whites. The native whites of foreign or mixed parentage were relatively most numerous in Milwaukee (48.8 per cent) and Fall Eiver (43.7 per cent). During the decade 1900-1910 the foreign-born white- population ia New York City advanced from 1,260,918 to 1,927,703, an increase of 666,785, while native whites of native parentage inceased only 183,841. In 1910 only 19.3 per cent of the city's population, consisted of native whites of native parentage. Of the total population of the United States approxi- mately one-twentieth is domiciled in New York City,- of the native whites of native parentage, one-fiftieth; of the native whites of foreign or mixed parentage, one- tenth; and of the foreign-born whites, one-seventh. Among the larger cities the proportion of negroes in 1910 was highest in Memphis (40 per cent), followed by Bumingham (39.4), Eichmond (36.6), Atlanta (33.5), Nashville (33.1), Washington (28.5), New Orleans, (26.3), Louisville (18.1), and Baltimore (15.2). In no other city of over 100,000 inhabitants did the negro- element amount to one-tenth of the population. Table 20 gives statistics for the 179 cities having from 25,000 to 100,000 inhabitants in 1910. Among them there are only 41 in which the native whites of native parentage exceeded three-fifths of the total population in 1910. None of these are in the New" England states, and only one is in New York. Cities in which as many as three-fourths of the total population in 1910 were native whites of native- parentage are Huntington, W. Va. (87.6 per cent); Joplin, Mo. (86.6 per cent); York, Pa. (86 per cent); Springfield, Mo. (81.5 per cent); Reading, Pa. (77.8- per cent); Wichita, Kans. (77.7 per cent); Harris- burg, Pa. (77.2 per cent); Lima, Ohio (76.9 per cent); Lancaster, Pa. (75.4 percent); and Newark, Ohio (75.1 per cent). There are 45 cities of this class where the proportion of native whites of native parentage was less than one- third. The percentage was very low in Lawrence, Mass. (13.6), Passaic, N. J. (13.8), and Woonsocket, R. I. (15). Among the 179 cities considered there are 27 in which the foreign-born whites exceeded one-third of the total population. A majority of these cities (14) are in the New England states, 9 are in the Middle- Atlantic division, and only 4 (Duluth, Mian.; Lorain,. Ohio; El Paso, Tex.; and Superior, Wis.) are in other divisions. The maximum percentage of foreign-born whites was found in Passaic, N. J., where they formed more than one-half of the population in 1910 (52 per cent). COLOR OR RACE, NATIVITY, AND PARENTAGE. 95 COLOB OR RACE, NATIVITY, AND PARENTAGE IN CITIES OP 100,000 INHABITANTS OR MORE: 1910 AND 1900. Table 19 AIbany,N,Y Atlanta, Ga Baltimore, Md Birmingham, Ala Boston, Mass Bridgeport, Conn Buflalo,N.Y Cambridge, Mass Chicago, 111 Cincinnati, Ohio Cleveland, Ohio Columbus, Ohio Dayton, Ohio Denver, Colo Detroit, Mich Fall Eiver, Mass Grand Eapids, Mich. . . Indianapolis, Ind Jersey City, N. J Kansas City, Mo Los Angeles, Cal Louisville, Ky Lowell, Mass Memphis, Tenn Milwaukee, Wis Minneapolis, Minn Nashville, Tenn New Haven, Conn New Orleans, La New York, N. Y Manhattan Borough Bronx Borough Brooklyn Borough. . Queens Borough Sichmond Borough . , Newark.N. J Oakland, Cal Omaha, Nebr Paterson, N.J Philadelphia, Pa Pittsburgh, Pa. ' Portland, Oreg Providence, R.I Richmond, Va Rochester, N. Y St. Louis, Mo St. Paul, Minn San Francisco, Cal Scranton, Pa Seattle, Wash Spokane, Wash Syracuse, N. Y Toledo, Ohio Washington, D.C Worcester, Mass Total population: 1910 100,253 154,839 568,485 132,685 670,585 102,054 423, 715 104, 839 2,185,283 363, 591 660,663 181,611 116,677 213, 381 466,766 119,295 112,571 233,650 267, 779 248,381 319, 198 223, 928 106,294 131, 105 373,857 301,408 110, 364 133,605 339,075 4,766,883 g,SSl,6Ji2 410,980 i,es4,sei B8i,041 81,969 347, 469 150, 174 124, 096 125,600 1,549,008 533,905 207,214 224, 326 127,628 218, 149 687, 029 214, 744 416, 912 129, 867 237, 194 104, 402 137,249 168, 497 331, 069 145, 986 NATIVE WHITE. Native parentage. 1910 44,473 91,987 261,474 66,312 167,870 27,156 119,692 25, 615 445, 139 164,937 132,314 116, 846 72,301 106, 946 116, lOfi 16,858 40, 777 160, 593 74, 861 153, 717 169, 967 113, 543 20, 703 69, 985 78, 823 96, 186 63,687 37, 726 147, 473 921,318 S44,SS1 9B, S69 S75, 648 80,807 S8,BiS 94, 737 65, 198 62, 917 28, 392 684,008 176,089 104, 163 59,966 69, 130 74,526 61, 594 115,359 38,746 105, 784 64,574 68,408 75, 147 166, 711 41,421 1900 38,431 47,146 236,053 17,186 146, 193 21,885 90,860 25,220 364,379 113, 700 87,740 75,036 48, 332 66, 810 61,309 14,300 29,634 97, 772 67, 197 94,377 64,060 88,449 20, 828 36,566 48,598 61,269 40,620 36,385 103, 186 737, 477 Sle,S07 60, ess S10,601 41,668 ««, 778 71,652 24,790 42,752 23,897 621,911 147,296 38, 170 84,423 43,860 62,478 189, 249 42,454 83,568 27, 299 38, 810 18, 756 43,817 52, 222 134,073 37,261 Foreign or mixed parentage. 1910 36,533 6,464 134,870 8,357 257, 104 37,314 183, 673 39, 794 912, 701 132,190 223,908 36,678 25,659 61,186 188,266 52,125 42, 767 41,420 109,101 45,633 74,766 62, 411 41,942 12, 138 182, 530 116,648 7,151 49, 434 74,244 1,820,141 818, S08 18S, 146 663,683 110,969 SS,S36 132,350 49, 936 39, 595 50, 179 496,786 191,483 61,009 82,354 7,664 83,687 246,946 93, 398 153, 781 55,431 61, 134 27, 277 46,912 59,383 46,066 64,751 1900 36, 842 4,486 125, 225 2,885 206,937 25,693 165, 716 32, 731 727,341 139,817 163,570 30,007 23,567 37,837 124,215 40,197 33,460 38,359 87,162 33,426 26,105 55,744 33,031 10,755 146,886 78, 861 7,174 37,999 76,191 1,371,503 713,947 86,4SB 48e, 668 6S,96S S4,604 96,606 23, 775 32,828 41,296 414,093 168,832 24, 710 60, 775 6,104 68, 798 239,170 71,662 137,656 45,229 19,349 39, 787 50,128 37, 939 42, 417 FOBEION-BOBN WHITE. 1910 18,165 4,410 77, 043 6,700 240,722 36, 180 118,444 34,606 781,217 56,792 196,703 16,286 13,847 38,941 166,665 50,874 28,335 19, 767 77,697 26,327 60,584 17, 436 43,457 6,467 111,456 85,938 2,993 42,784 27,686 1, 927, 703 1,104,019 148,935 671,366 79, lie U,e78 110,656 36, 822 27,068 46,398 382,678 140,436 43. 780 76, 303 4,085 58,993 126, 706 66,624 130,874 35, 112 60,836 21,220 30. 781 32,037 24,351 48, 492 1900 17,689 2,458 67, 940 1,761 194,963 22,197 104, 010 29, 924 686,420 67,887 124, 364 12,292 10,024 24, %2 96,061 49,961 23,858 17,070 68,161 18,287 17,917 21,397 40,915 6,069 88, 948 60,983 3,002 30,654 29,669 1,260,918 782, 714 61, ms 363, 760 44,616 18,681 71,050 16,223 23,429 38,666 293,669 114,845 17, 734 65,310 2,834 40, 718 110, %6 46, 748 104,264 28, 959 18,656 7,462 23, 705 27, 729 19,620 37, 628 1910 1,037 61,902 84, 749 52,306 13,564 1,332 1,773 4,707 44,103 19,639 8,448 12,739 4,842 5,426 5,741 356 665 21,816 5,960 23,566 7,599 40,522 133 52,441 2,592 36,623 3,661 89,262 91,709 60,634 4,117 «, 708 3,198 1,152 9,476 3,055 4,426 1,539 84,459 26, 623 1,045 5,316 46,733 879 43,960 3,144 1,642 567 2,296 723 1,124 1,877 94, 446 1,241 1900 1,178 35, 727 79,258 16,575 11, 691 1,149 1,698 3,888 30,160 14,482 6,988 8,201 3,387 3,923 4,111 324 604 15,931 3,704 17,567 2,131 39,139 136 49,910 862 1,548 30, 044 2,887 77, 714 60,666 36,246 2,370 18,367 2,611 1,072 6,694 1,026 3,443 1,182 62,613 20,355 775 4,817 32,230 601 35,616 2,263 1,664 521 406 376 1,034 1,710 86, 702 1,104 Indian, Chinese, Japa- nese, and all other: 1910 45 76 349 11 1,326 72 133 115 2,123 33 63 28 884 99 27 64 160 133 6,292 16 144 10 100 410 6,012 4,4SO 213 1,166 152 61 262 5,163 90 92 1,178 274 7,217 387 16 66 681 84 15,256 12 7,145 24 63 495 81 PER CENT OP TOTAL POPULATION: 1910 Native white. Native parent- 44.4 59.4 46.8 50.0 23.5 26.6 28.2 24.4 20.4 42.6 23.6 64.4 62.0 60.1 24.7 13.3 36.2 64.6 28.0 61.9 53.2 60.7 19.6 45.8 21.1 31.9 67.7 28.2 43.5 19.3 14.8 SI. 5 23.0 28.4 32.9 27.3 36.8 42.6 22.6 37.7 33.0 50.3 26.7 54.2 34.2 39.3 28.7 27.7 29.8 44.6 52.3 42.6 44.6 50.4 28.4 For. or mixed par. 36.4 4.2 24.1 6.3 38.3 36.6 43.3 38.0 41.8 36.4 39.9 19.6 21.9 28.7 40.4 43.7 38.0 17.7 40.7 18.4 23.4 23.4 39.6 9.3 48.8 38.7 6.5 37.0 21.9 38.2 35.1 4S.0 40.6 4i.6 37.5 38.1 33.3 31.9 40.0 32.1 35.9 24.6 36.7 6.0 38.4 35.9 43.5 36.9 42.7 26.8 26.1 34.2 36.2 13.6 37.6 For- eign- bom white. 18.1 2.8 13.8 4.3 36.9 35.6 28.0 33.0 35.7 16.6 34.9 9.0 11.9 18.2 33.6 42.6 25.2 8.5 29.0 10.2 19.0 7.8 40.9 4.9 29.8 28.5 2.7 32.0 8.2 40.4 47-4 34.6 36.0 27.9 28.2 31.8 24.5 21.8 36.1 24.7 26.3 21.1 34.0 3.2 27.0 18.3 26.3 31.4 27.0 26.6 20.3 22.4 19.0 7.4 33.2 Negro. 1.0 33.5 15.2 39.4 2.0 1.3 e.4 4.5 2.0 5.4 1.5 7.0 4.2 2.5 1.2 «.3 0.« 9.3 2.2 9.5 2.4 18.1 9.1 40.0 0.9 33.1 2.7 26.3 1.9 2.6 1.0 \:i 1.3 2.7 2.0 3.6 1.2 6.5 4.8 0.6 2.4 36.6 0.4 6.4 1.6 0.4 0.4 1.0 0.7 0.8 1.1 28.6 0.9 1 Includes population of Allegheny for 1900. COLOR OR RACE, NATIVITY, AND PARENTAGE IN CITIES HAVING FROM 25,000 TO 100,000 INHABITANTS: 1910. Table 20 NATIVE WHITE. FOEEIGN- BOEN NEGEO. Ind., NATIVE WHITE. rOKEIGN- BOEN NEGKO. Ind., Total Native Foreign or WHITE. Jap., and all other. Total Native Foreign or Chi., CITY. popu- lation. parentage. mixed par. CITY. latKin. parentage. mixed par. Jap and Num- Per Num- Per Num- Per Num- Per Nnm- Per NnTn- Per Num- Per Num- Per all other. ber. cent. ber. cent. ber. cent. ber. cent. ber. cent. ber. cent. ber. cent. ber. cent. Alabama Connectlcat Mobile 51,521 38,136 20,944 16,708 40.7 43.8 6,585 1,390 10.8 3.6 2,208 704 4.3 1.8 22,763 19,322 44.2 50.7 21 12 Hartford Meriden town . . . 98,915 32,066 31,011 8,704 31.4 27.1 34,824 13,827 35.2 43.1 31,243 9,390 31.6 29.3 1,748 133 1.8 n 4 92 Montgomery 12 Meriden city . . . 27,266 7,S72 2'7.0 11,713 43. U 8,036 P.9.6 133 6 12 Little Rock 45,941 24,810 54.0 4,602 10.0 1,973 4.3 14,539 31.6 17 New Britain Norwich town... 43,916 28,219 8,756 8,780 19.9 31.1 17,037 10,380 38.8 36.8 18,016 8,405 41.0 29 8 94 627 0.2 2.2 16 27 California Stamford town . . 28,836 10,064 34.9 9,830 ;«.n 8,872 30,8 343 1.2 27 Berkeley 40,434 19,479 4S.2 11,863 29.3 7,663 18.9 247 0.6 1,192 Stamford city . . 26, 138 8,099 32.2 8,612 34.3 8,069 32.1 332 1.3 26 Pasadena 30,291 19,026 62.8 6,867 19.4 4,297 14.2 744 2.6 357 Waterbury 73,141 18,238 24.9 28,590 39.1 25,498 34.9 lib 1.1 40 Sacramento 44,696 19,821 44.3 12,999 29.1 8,885 19.9 486 1.1 2,505 Delaware Wilmington San Diego San Jose 39,578 28,946 22,550 13,174 67.0 46.6 8,549 9,061 21.6 31.3 7,366 5,817 18.6 20.1 697 182 1.5 0.6 616 712 87,411 44,937 61.4 19,694 22.5 13,678 16.6 9,081 10.4 21 Coloiado Florida Colorado Springs 29,078 19,605 67.4 6,360 18.4 2,981 10.3 1,107 3.8 35 Jacksonville 57,699 22,628 39.2 3,213 6.6 2,488 4.3 29,293 .W 8 77 Pueblo 44,395 24,684 66.4 9,773 22.0 8,331 18.8 1,498 3.4 209 Tampa 37,782 12,037 31.9 6,857 18.1 9,896 26.2 8,951 23.7 41 96 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. COLOR OR RACE, NATIVITY, AND PARENTAGE IN CITIES HAVING FROM 25,000 TO 100,000 INHABITANTS: 1910— Con. TaWeSO— Con. Georgia Augusta Macou Savaunah nUnols Aurora Bloomington... Danville Decatur East St. Louis. . Elgin Joliet Peoria Quincy Rockford Springfield Indiana Evansville Fort Wayne South Bend Terre Haute Iowa Cedar Kapids... Clinton Council Bluffs.. Davenport Des Moines Dubuque Sioux City Waterloo Kansas ElansasCity Topeka Wichita Eentacky Covington Lexington Newport Louisiana Shreveport Maine Lewiston Portland Massachusetts Brockton Brookline town. Chelsea Chicopee Everett Fitchburg Haverhill Holyoke Lawrence Lynn Maiden New Bedford... Newton Pittsfleld Quincy Salem Somerville Springfield. Tan raunton Waltham Michigan Battle Creek Bay City Flint Jackaon Kalamazoo Lansing Saginaw Minnesota Dnluth Missouri Joplin 3t. Joseph Springfield Montana Butte Nebraska Lincoln South Omaha. . . ITew Hampshire Manchester : Nashua New Jersey Atlantic City Bayonne Camden East Orange Elizabeth Hoboken Orange Passaic Perth Amboy . . . Total popu- lation. 41,040 40,665 65,064 29,807 25,768 27,871 31,140 58,547 25,976 34,670 66,950 36,587 45,401 51,678 69,647 63,933 53,684 58,157 32,811 25,577 29,292 43,028 86,368 38,494 47,828 26,693 82,331 43,684 52,450 53,270 35,099 30,309 28,015 26,247 58,571 56,878 27,792 32,452 26,401 33,484 37, 8K 44,116 67,730 85,892 89,336 44,404 96,652 39,306 32,121 32,642 43,897 77,236 88,928 34,259 27,834 25,267 45,166 38,550 31,433 39,437 31,229 50,510 78,466 32,073 77,403 35,201 39,165 43,973 26,259 70,063 26,005 46, 150 55,645 94,638 34, 371 73,409 70,324 29,630 64, 773 32,121 NATIVE WHITE, Native parentage. Num- Per ber. cent, 19,861 20,723 22,634 12,232 14,642 19,521 22,566 30,447 10,346 9,753 36,615 19,103 15,395 27,944 41,945 36,722 22,880 42,586 17,434 11,361 16,909 17,702 53,785 15,462 22,405 17,594 48,021 27,800 40,738 31,079 21,084 15,632 11,564 8,180 31.2 31,121 53.1 48.4 51.0 34.8 41.0 56.8 70.0 72.5 52.0 39.8 28.1 54.7 52.2 33.9 54.1 60.2 57.4 42.6 73.2 53.1 44.4 57.7 41. 62. 40.2 46.8 65.9 58.3 63.6 77.7 58.3 60.1 61.2 41.3 23,008 11,616 6,969 4,626 11,048 9,745 19,472 9,141 11,699 33,180 14,618 18,738 16,282 13,778 9,289 13,504 29,573 35,732 11,930 10,313 17,504 12,681 21, 18, 474 21,354 19, 497 17,267 15, 493 27,767 60,316 28,704 11,143 26,021 8,499 16,119 8,554 22,410 11,301 49,581 18,253 20,298 13,463 8,341 7,636 6,096 40.5 41.8 21.6 18.2 33.0 25.8 44.1 15.8 13.6 37.1 32.9 19.4 40.9 42.9 28.5 30.9 38.3 40.2 34.8 37.1 69.3 28.1 55.2 68.8 54.1 62.4 34.2 19.7 65.0 81.6 28.6 59.2 32.4 23.0 32.9 48.6 20.3 52.4 53.1 27.7 19.1 28.2 13, 16.9 Foreign or mixed par. Num- Per ber. cent. 1, 1,099 5,818 10,577 6,904 4,874 6,366 12,799 9,787 13,967 19,936 12,234 15,973 13,856 16,970 19,414 16,726 9,164 9,841 8,903 7,677 16,649 19,234 16,840 43.7 14,659 6,368 14,631 7,183 6,383 16,346 2,056 10,803 1,633 4.6 2.7 8.9 36.5 26.8 17.5 17.2 21.9 37.7 40.3 29.8 33.4 36.2 26.8 24.4 30.4 31.2 15.8 30.0 34.8 26.2 38.7 22.3 0.6 17.8 16.4 12.2 28.8 5.9 35.6 8,592 32.7 9,418 15,054 25.7 12,078 17,882 7,687 11,460 10,726 12,017 14,415 13,061 26,286 32,553 27,994 15,8i9 32,336 11,830 11,243 12, 404 16, 463 26,632 28,656 12, 246 9,747 4,664 21,292 10,213 8,285 10,628 21,226 31,856 2,586 14,699 3,386 10,001 9,028 24,197 8,474 7,421 23,123 23,128 8,506 27,808 29,030 10, 719 18,209 12,662 FOBEIGN- BORN WHITE. Num- Per ber. cent. 3,332 6,702 3,407 1,998 2,422 9,400 6,661 10,441 8,810 3,641 13,828 6,900 4,462 6.4 7,204 11.3 2.2 1.7 5.1 22.5 13.2 7.2 7.8 16.1 21.8 30.1 13.2 10.0 30.6 13.4 13,420 3,796 5,321 4,880 4,268 8,101 10,396 6,089 10,452 2,706 10,344 4,153 2,855 3,933 936 3,406 1,004 31.4 27.3 35.3 42.2 35.9 38.1 29.6 43.8 37.9 31.3 35.7 33.6 29.7 35.0 38.0 37.7 34.6 32.2 35 35.0 18.1 47.1 26.5 26.4 26.7 23.7 42.0 40.6 8.1 19.0 9.6 37.3 22.7 34.4 34.5 32.6 16.1 41.6 24.6 24, 37.9 41.3 36.2 33.2 39.1 15,425 8,345 13,748 10,036 9,607 13,611 11,153 23,238 41,319 27,344 13,430 42,625 11,191 6,744 10,8''6 13,639 20,761 22,999 9,779 7,— 2,616 11,027 6,662 4,307 6,857 3,973 11,701 30,652 914 8,113 1,126 12,880 7,200 7,834 8,957 6,400 20,622 16,682 5,677 23,894 27,668 8,069 28,467 14,288 25.0 6.6 16.2 19.1 14.6 18.8 12.0 16.8 21.9 10.1 12.6 9.5 5.4 7.4 2.7 11.2 35.9 20.6 27.1 30.0 42.4 39.5 28.7 36.0 25.3 40.3 48.1 30.6 30.2 44.1 28.1 21.0 33.3 31.0 26.9 25.9 28.6 27.6 10.4 24.4 17.3 13.7 17.4 12.7 23.2 39.1 2.8 10.5 3.2 32.9 16.4 29.8 42.4 34.4 13.9 36.9 16.6 16.6 32.6 39.3 27.2 52.0 44.5 Num- ber. Per cent. 18,344 18,150 33,246 1,466 776 6,882 171 497 1, 1,596 197 2,961 6,266 572 604 2,593 213 432 320 569 2.930 96 305 24 9,286 4,638 2,457 2,899 11,011 569 44.7 44.6 6L1 1.0 3.1 5.3 2.6 10.0 0.7 1.4 2.3 4.4 0.4 5.7 9.0 0.9 1.1 4.5 0.6 1.7 1.1 1.3 3.4 0.2 0.6 0.1 11.3 10.4 4.7 5.4 31.4 1.9 13,896 49.6 47 273 531 221 242 7 795 42 397 45 266 700 486 2,885 467 320 45 163 217 1,475 297 62 575 160 397 354 686 364 313 410 801 4,249 1, " 240 733 717 9,834 661 6,076 1,907 1,381 120 2,479 535 166 0.2 0.5 0.9 0.8 0.7 (') 2.4 0.1 0.9 0.1 0.3 0.8 1.1 3.0 1.2 1.0 0.1 0.4 0.3 1.7 0.9 0.2 2.3 0.4 1.0 1.1 1.7 1.1 0.6 0.5 2.5 6.5 5.7 0.6 1.7 2.7 0.1 0.1 21.3 1.0 6.4 5.5 1 0.2 8.4 1.0 0.6 Ind., Chi., Jap and all other. 4 21 55 18 2 1 118 7 24 7 7 1 49 10 17 13 12 18 32 24 33 6 17 13 32 20 66 118 21 68 36 36 29 38 63 64 7 29 26 10 296 18 181 19 S 85 38 71 28 28 43 22 26 11 New Jersey-Con Trenton West Hoboken town New York Amsterdam Auburn Btnghamton Elmira Jamestown Kingston Mount Vernon... New Rochelle. . . Newburrti Niagara Falls. . . . Pougtikeepsie Schenectady Troy Utica Watertown Yonkers North Carolina Charlotte Wilmington Ohio Akron Canton Hamilton Lima Lorain Newark Springfield Youngstown Zanesville Oklahoma Total popu- lation. Oklahoma City. . Pennsylvania Ailentown Altoona Chester Easton Erie Harrisburg Hazleton Johnstown Lancaster McKeesport Newcastle Norristown bor. . Reading Shenandoah bor. WUkes-Barre Williamsport York..... Rhode Island Newport Pawtucltet Warwick town. . Woonsocket South Carolina Charleston Columbia Tennessee Chattanooga Knoxville Texas Austin Dallas El Paso Fort Worth Galveston Houston San Antonio Waco Utah Ogden Salt Lake City... Vlrelnla Lynchburg Norfolk Portsmouth Roanoke Washington Tacoma West Virginia Huntington Wheeling Wisconsin Green Bay Lacrosse Madison Oshkosh Racine Sheboygan Superior 96,816 35,403 31,267 34,668 48,443 37, 176 31,297 25,908 30,919 28,867 27,806 30,445 27,936 72,826 76,813 74,419 26,730 76,803 34,014 25,748 69,067 50,217 35,279 30,508 28,883 25,404 46,921 79,066 28,026 25,278 64,205 51,913 62, 127 38,537 28,523 66,525 64,186 25,462 66,482 47,227 42,694 36,280 27,875 96,071 25,774 67, 105 31,860 44,750 27, 149 51,622 26,629 38,125 58,833 26,319 44,604 36,346 29,860 92,104 39,279 73,312 36,981 78,800 96,614 26,425 25,580 92,777 29,494 67,452 33,190 34,874 83,743 31,161 41,641 25,236 30,417 25,631 33,062 38,002 26,398 40,384 NATIVE WHITE. Native parentage. Num- Per ber. cent. 38,679 6,668 10,537 15, 791 30,490 21, 721 10,520 14, 778 11,433 8,666 14,092 7,721 15,278 31,538 32,224 26,869 13,126 21,640 21,208 12,417 37,793 29,470 21,866 23,466 8,455 19,090 30,677 25,595 20,885 15,190 47,880 38,368 37,740 17,793 20,371 25,740 49,576 8,449 26,237 35,610 14, 731 18,626 17,206 74,714 4,511 24,423 23,003 38,469 9,850 12,627 7,671 5,711 20,458 13,655 23,035 26,300 15,887 59, 746 15,099 50,139 12,643 37, 181 44,629 16,739 11,610 38,162 18,743 34,471 18,203 25,089 36,481 27,311 22,385 8,978 10,163 10,857 9,960 8,814 5,354 10,367 Foreign or mixodpar. Num. ber. 40.0 18.8 33.7 45.5 62.9 58.4 33.6 57.0 37.0 29.7 50.7 25.4 64.7 43.3 42.0 34.8 49.1 27.1 62.4 48.2 54.7 58.7 62.0 76.9 29.3 75.1 66.2 32.4 74.6 60.1 74.6 73.9 72.4 46.2 71.4 38.7 77.2 33.2 47.3 75.4 34.5 61.3 61.7 77.8 17.6 36.4 72.2 86.0 36, 24.5 28.4 15.0 34.8 51.9 61.6 72.4 63.2 64.9 38.4 68.4 34.2 47.2 46.2 63.3 45.4 41.1 63.5 51.1 54.8 71.9 43.6 87.6 53.8 36.6 33.4 42.5 30.1 23.2 20.3 25.7 Per cent. 14,943 9,981 10,717 9,916 9,672 10,064 7,107 10,539 9,843 8,276 10,385 7,419 22,324 28,491 26,882 7,254 29,960 679 766 17,370 11,798 9,371 4,446 9,122 3,914 8,243 26,664 4,145 1,409 6,399 7,172 8,713 9,258 4,740 25,494 5,926 10," 13,467 7,602 14,523 8,491 5,632 11,750 10,798 25,926 5,667 3,459 9,406 20,767 9,866 16,846 4,902 671 2,293 l,r- 4,038 9,0'8 8,239 5,612 10,088 11,333 23,765 2,287 8,866 34,284 830 4,318 2,242 l,i— 23,877 1,184 12,630 12,089 14,152 10,269 15,682 16,661 12,367 15,912 42.2 31.9 30.9 20.6 26.0 32.1 27.4 34.1 34.1 29.8 34.1 26.6 30.7 37.1 36.1 27.1 37.6 1.7 3.0 26, 23.6 26.6 14.6 31.6 15.4 17.6 33.7 14.8 6.6 10.0 13.8 16.7 24.0 16.6 38.3 9.2 43.1 24.3 16.1 34.0 23.4 20.2 12.2 41.9 38.6 17.5 7.7 34.6 40.2 37.0 41.6 8.3 2.5 5.1 4.5 13.6 9.9 21.0 7.7 27.3 14.4 24.6 8.7 34.7 37.0 2.8 6.4 6.8 3.1 28.5 3.8 30.3 47.9 46.5 40.2 47.1 43.6 46.8 39.4 FOREIGN- BORN WHITE. Num- Per ber. cent. 26,3l0 13,713 10,624 7,620 7, 5,259 10, 612 3,391 8,029 8,677 4,823 12,064 4,534 18,631 15,432 21,308 6,268 26,690 472 444 13,241 8,648 3,309 1,614 10,929 2,047 3,156 24,860 1,602 537 3,214 6,234 5,212 6,673 3,122 14,943 4,134 6,994 15,316 3,203 12,631 8,620 4,016 8,812 10,452 16,078 2,332 1,589 6,256 17,966 9,010 16,639 2,404 446 1,332 783 2,441 6,219 14,248 4,209 6,164 6,318 17,407 1,307 4,464 19,035 450 3,564 1,115 770 21,463 514 5,418 4,066 6,043 4,174 7,406 12,509 8,667 13,772 27.2 38.7 34.0 22.0 15.3 14.1 33.9 13.1 26.0 30.1 17.3 39.6 16.2 25.6 20.1 28.6 23.4 33.3 Num- ber. 2,581 56 118 527 635 513 108 630 896 1,754 604 Per cent. Ind., Chi., Jap., and all other. 1.4 1.7 19.2 17.2 9.4 5.3 37.8 8.1 6.7 31.4 5.7 2.1 5.0 12.0 10.0 17.3 10.9 22.6 6.4 23.6 27.6 6.8 29.6 23.8 14.4 9.2 40.6 24.0 7.3 3.6 23.0 34.8 33.8 43.4 4.1 1.7 3.0 2.2 8.2 5.7 36.3 5.7 16.7 8.0 18.0 4.9 17.4 20.5 1.5 5.3 3.4 2.2 25.6 1.6 13.0 16.1 19.9 16.3 22.4 32.9 32.8 34.1 274 651 357 76 1,549 11,752 12,107 657 291 725 978 375 346 4, 1,936 1,384 7,831 6,646 134 453 4,795 284 340 4,535 19 442 803 799 629 1,016 787 8 673 967 1,231 1,600 234 173 20 31,056 11,546 17,942 7,638 7,478 18,024 1,462 13,280 8,036 23,929 10,716 6,067 203 737 25,039 11,617 7,924 778 2,140 1,201 143 98 112 9 182 2.7 0.2 0.4 1.5 1.3 1.4 0.3 2.4 3.9 6.1 2.2 0.9 2.5 0.4 0.8 0.5 0.3 1.9 34.6 47.0 LO 0.6 2.1 3.2 1, 1.4 10.5 2.4 4.9 31.0 10.2 0.3 0.9 12.4 1.0 0.5 7.1 0.1 0.8 1.7 1.9 1.5 3.6 0.8 (') LO 3.0 2.8 5.9 0.5 0.6 0.1 52.8 43.9 40.2 21.0 25.0 19.6 3.7 18.1 21.7 30.4 11.1 23.0 0.8 0.8 32.1 37.1 35.0 22.7 0.9 6.9 2.9 0.2 0.2 0.6 0.3 0.3 (•) D.S 36 33 7 13 13 11 3 2 22 27 10 9 6 6 64 3 14 6 10 2 7 12 21 10 311 166 18 6 3 15 8 10 15 7 8 . S 5 1 37 13 1 2 2 16 37 241 72 50 39 97 25 448 569 13 5 1,144 68 88 16 6 1 151 I Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. CLASSIFICATION OF POPULATION BY SEX. 97 CIASSIFICATIOIT OF THE POPULATION BY SEX. UNITED STATES AS A WHOLE. General summary: 1910 and 1900. — Table 21 gives for the United States the sex distribution of the total population and of each of the principal color or race, nativity, and parentage classes in 1910 and 1900. Table 21 CLASS OF POPULATION. Total populatton. White Negro ptEer colored races: Indian Chinese Japanese All other Total white Native Native parentage. . Foreign parentage. Mixed parentage. . Foreign Dorn 1910 Male. 47,332,277 42,178,245 4,885,881 135, 133 66,856 63,070 3,092 42,178,245 34, 654, 457 26,229,218 6,456,793 2,968,446 7,523,788 Female. 44,639,989 39,553,712 4,941,1 130,650 4,675 9,087 83 39,653,712 33,731,956 24,259,357 6,459,518 3,013,080 5,821,757 Males to 100 fe- males. 106.0 106.6 98.9 103.6 1,430.1 694.1 (') 106.6 102.7 104.0 100.0 98.6 129.2 1900 Male. 38,816,448 34,201,736 4,386,647 119,484 86,341 23,341 34,201,735 28,686,450 20,849,847 6,341,350 2,496,263 6, 616, 285 Female. 37,178,127 32,607,461 4,447,447 117,712 4,622 32,607,461 27,908,929 20,099,516 5,290,930 2,518,484 4,698,632 Males to 100 fe- males. 104.4 104.9 98.6 101.5 1,887.2 2,369.6 104.9 102.8 103.7 101.0 99.1 117.4 ' Ratio not shown, the number of females being less than 100. There were in the United States in 1910, 47,332,277 males and 44,639,989 females, or 106 males to each 100 females. In most European coimtries females outnumber males, the number of males to 100 females, according to recent censuses, being 93.7 in England and Wales, 96.7 ia France, 97.4 in the German Empire, 97 in Switzerland, 99 in Italy, 96.5 in Austria, 99.1 in Hungary, and 98.9 in Russia. The excess of males in the United States is partly due to extensive immigration, a much larger propor- tion of the inamigrants being males than females. In the native white population of the United States, however, there is also an excess of males over females. The number of males in this class in 1910 was 34,654,457 and the number of females 33,731,955, the ratio being 102.7 males to each 100 females. Considerable differences in sex distribution appear among the several classes of population in the United States. There is a great excess of males in the Chinese and Japanese population, and among the foreign- born whites in 1910 there were 129.2 males to 100 females. The variations in sex distribution among the several native groups — the jnegroes, the Indians (these two classes being practically all native), and the three parentage groups of native whites — are not easily explained. They inay in some degree reflect variations in the ratio between male and female births combined with differences in the death rates, particularly of young children, in the respective groups. Among the native whites of native parentage in 1910 there were 104 males to 100 females, but among those of foreign parentage there was an almost exact equality of the sexes. Among native whites of mixed parentage the females outnumbered the males, 72497°— 13 7 and this was also the case among the negroes, the ratio for the negroes being 98.9 males to 100 females. Among the Indians the males were in the majority. Males increased more rapidly than females in the United States from 1900 to 1910. The former in- creased from 38,816,448 to 47,332,277, an increase of 8,515,829, or 21.9 percent; the latter from 37,178,127 to 44,639,989, an increase of 7,461,862, or 20.1 per cent. There were 106 males to 100 females in 1910 as compared with 104.4 in 1900. The increas- ing predominance of males among immigrants largely accounts for this difference in the rate of increase of the two sexes. Little change occurred in the sex ratio for the native population, but among the foreign- bom whites the ratio increased from 117.4 males to 100 females in 1900 to 129.2 in 1910. Comparison with earlier censuses. — ^Table 22 shows, for each census from 1820 to 1910, the number of males and females in the total population, and the ratio of males to females for the total population, and for the whites and negroes separately; and also, for each census from 1850 to 1910, the ratio for the native whites and the foreign-bom whites. - Table ZZ ■■ - ■ ■ " ■ -. POPULATION. MALES TO 100 FEMALES. CENSUS YEAB. Male. Female. Total popu- lation. White. Ne- Total. Native. Foreign bom. gro. 1910 47,332,277 38,816,448 32,237,101 25,518,820 19,493,566 16,086,204 11,837,060 8,688,532 6,632,489 4,896,605 44,639,989 37, 178, 127 -^30, 710, 613 24,636,963 19,064,806 15,358,117 11,354,216 8,380,921 6,333,631 4,741,848 106.0 104.4 105.0 103.6 102.2 104.7 104.3 103.7 103.1 103.3 106.6 104.9 105.4 104.0 102.8 105.3 105.2 104.5 103.8 103.2 102.7 102.8 102.9 102.1 10O.6 103.7 103.1 129.2 117.4 118.7 115.9 116.3 116.1 123.8 98.9 1900 98.6 1890 99. S 1880 97.8 1870 96.2 1860 . ... 99.6 1850 99.1 1810 99.6 1830 100.3 1820 103.4 The' sex ratio of the total population, while it has not varied greatly since 1820, reveals a tendency to an increasing preponderance of males, largely accounted for, no doubt, by increasing immigration. The rather marked decline in the ratio of males to females revealed by the census of 1870 probably reflects the effects of the Civil War. The decline between 1890 and 1900 is attributable to the check to immigration consequent upon the financial crisis of 1893. On the other hand, the enormous immigration between 1900 and 1910 resulted In a relative excess of males in 1910 greater than recorded by any previous census. The excess of males over females has, at every census since 1830, been confined to the whites, there being a slight excess of females over males in the negro population. The sex of the negro population was not reported prior . to 1820. For the whites the number of males to 100 females in 1790 was 103.8, and both in 1800 and 1810 it was 104. There has been little variation in the ratio of males to females in the native white population since 1880, 98 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. but the ratio in 1870—100.6 males to 100 females- was appreciably lower than at the subsequent cen- suses. Among foreign-bom whites the ratio of males to females was higher in 1910 than at any of the preceding censuses for which figures are available. DIVISIONS AND STATES. The population of each geographic division for the principal color or race, nativity, and parentage dements, in 1910 and 1900, is classified by sex in Table 23. Similar data for each state are given in Tables 25 and 26 on subsequent pages, except that the 1900 figures are given only for the aggregate and for the foreign-bom white population, the latter being the only large class in which there has been a material change in sex distribution since 1900. The accompanying map shows graphically the dif- ferences among the states in the ratio of males to females in the total population for 1910. RATIO OF MALES TO FEMALES IN THE TOTAL POPULATION: 1910. The preponderance of males in the aggregate popu- lation in 1910 was most marked in the Pacific and Mountain divisions, with ratios, respectively, of 129.5 and 127.9 males to 100 females. The proportion of males was lowest in New England, where there was a slight excess of females over males, and in the South Atlantic and East South Central divisions. Except in the East South Central division, where the ratio of males to females was the same in 1900 as in 1910, and in the Mountain division, where it decreased sHghtly (from 128 to 127.9), the proportion of males in each division was greater in 1910 than in 1900. The proportion of males increased in every state east of the Mississippi except in Kentucky and Tennessee, where the changes were insignificant. West of the Mississippi the pro- portion increased in 9 states, decreased in 12 states, and remained unchanged in 1 state. The sex distribution of the total population in any state is more or less affected by immi gration from for- eign countries and by migratory movements from or to other states. The ratio of males to females among the native whites of native parentage is considerably affected by interstate migration. In general, men are ■ more apt to migrate than women. As in the case of the aggregate population, the excess of males among native whites of native parentage was greatest in the Mountain and Pacific divisions, which have grown rapidly through migration from farther east, the ratios in 1910 being, respectively, 119.8 and 117.4 males to 100 females. In two of the eastern divisions, the New England and Middle Atlantic, there was an excess of females over males in this class. The number of males to 100 females in 1910 in the District of Columbia was lower than in any of the states. Among the states it was lowest in Massachusetts (95.2) and highest in Nevada (161.3), Wyoming (151.8), Montana (139.6), and Arizona (135). In every division, and in every state except Mas- sachusetts, Virginia, Arkansas, Oklahoma, and New Mexico, the proportion of males among the native whites of foreign or mixed parentage was lower than it was among the native whites of native parentage. In CLASSIFICATION OF POPULATION BY SEX. 99 each of the five divisions east of the Mississippi the males in the former class were outnumbered by the females. The lowest ratio shown for any division was that for the East South Central, 94.5 males to 100 females. Table 23 DIVISION AND CLASS OF POPULATION. TTKITED STATES. Total Native white Native parentage . . Foreign or mixed par. Foreign-bom wliite. . Negro New England Total Native wMte Native parentage Foreign or roixed par. Foreign-bom wliite Negro Middle Atlantic Total Native white Native parentage Foreign or mixed par. Foreign-born white Negro East ITortJi Central Total Native white Native parentage Foreign or mixed par. Foreign-born white Negro West ITortli Central Total Native white Native parentage Foreign or mixed par. Foreign-bom white Negro South Atlantic Total Native white Native parentage Foreign or mixed par. Foreign-bom white Negro East South Central Total Native white Native parentage Foreigri or mixed par Foreign-bom white Negro West South Central ISIO Male. Total Native white Native parentage Foreign or mixed par Foreign-bom white Negro Uountatn Total Native white Native parentage Foreign or mixed par Foreign-bom white Negro Pacific Total Native white Native parentage Foreign or mixed par. Foreign-bom white Negro 47,332,277 34,664,457 26,229,218 9,428,239 7,623,788 4,886,881 Female. Males to 100 fe- males. 44,«39,9I9 33,731,966 24,269,367 9,472,598 5,821,767 4,941,882 3,2(6,114 2,299,269 1,293,890 1,006,379 928,337 32,783 9,813,266 6,964,766 4,208,191 2,746,664 2,641,593 203,466 9,392,839 7,482,146 4,945,647 2,536,599 1,741,015 166,431 6,092,865 4,999,117 3,365,367 1,633,760 944,767 126,864 6,134,606 3,925,706 3,708,417 217,289 172,872 2,029,r" 4,246,169 2,877,060 2,772,692 104,468 60,542 1,315,792 4,644,905 3,307,346 2,997,129 310,216 202,742 994,026 1,478,018 1,126,126 799,330 326,79b 286,022 11,766 2,366,906 1,682,933 1,138,765 644,168 655,898 15,946 106.0 102.7 104.0 99.5 129.2 98.9 3,287,567 2,366,859 1,319,529 1,047,330 886,040 33,623 9,502,626 7,099,'618 4,264,770 2,844,748 2,184,586 214,404 8,857,782 7,378,256 4,806,421 2,571,836 1,326,206 144,405 5,645,866 4,739,273 3,168,330 1,680,943 668,464 116,798 6,060,290 3,855,342 3,632,788 222,664 117,683 2,082,680 4,164,732 2,790,409 2,679,900 110,609 36,316 1,336,721 4,240,029 3,065,387 2,770,320 296,067 146,017 990,401 1,166,499 957,419 667,294 290,125 160,888 9,701 1,826,398 1,479,492 970,005 509,487 306,660 13,249 99.3 97.1 98.1 96.0 104.8 97.8 103.3 98.0 96.6 120.9 106.0 101.4 102.9 98.6 131.3 108.3 109. 106.8 106.6 103.3 141.3 107.8 101.2 101.8 102.1 97.6 146.9 97.5 101.9 103.1 103.5 94.5 139.2 98.4 107.2 107.9 108.2 105.1 138.8 100.4 127.9 117.6 119.8 112.6 189.6 121.3 129.5 113.8 117.4 106.8 181.9 120.4 1900 Male. Female. Males to 100 fe- males. 38,(16,448 28,686,460 20,849,847 7,836,603 6,615,285 4,386,647 37,178,127 27,908,92a 20,099,615 7,809,414 4,698,632 4,447,447 2,763,796 2,020,861 1,243,718 777, 143 709,260 28,579 7,761,081 5,858,471 3,687,384 2,m,087 1,728,492 159, ni 8,177,308 6,612,063 4,311,913 2,300,160 1,420,384 134,446 6,412,014 4,401,385 2,933,804 1,467,581 866,986 121,272 6,222,596 3,266,609 3,073,951 192,668 115,360 1,836,626 3,809,666 2,514,132 2,400,720 113,412 50,706 1,243,082 3,372,266 2,339,976 2,095,999 243,976 151,333 846,797 940,038 704,462 471,222 233,230 179,990 9,104 1,367,694 968,602 631,136 337,366 292,776 8,032 2,828,221 2,069,293 1,267,392 801,901 727,612 30,520 7,693,697 5,960,276 3,719,196 2,231,080 1,673,624 166,210 7,808,273 6,477,693 4, 176, 103 2,301,590 1,199,913 123,397 4,936, 4,133,327 2,727,099 1,406,228 664,120 116,637 6,220,888 3,230,566 3,033,363 197,203 93,523 1,893,492 3,738,691 2,441,033 2,325,054 116,979 38,976 1,266,804 3,160,034 2,167,080 1,932,946 234,136 112,677 847,260 734,619 587,042 383,879 203,163 108,371 6,486 1,068,998 862,620 534,485 318, 135 179,716 6,632 104.4 102.8 103.7 100.3 117.4 97.7 97.7 98.1 96.9 97.5 100.9 98.5 99.1 97.3 109.8 96.1 104.7 102.1 103.3 99.9 118.4 109.0 109.7 106.5 107.6 104.4 130.5 104.0 100.0 101.1 101.3 97.7 123.3 96.9 101.9 103.0 103.3 97.8 130.1 106.7 108.0 108.4 104.2 134.3 99.9 128.0 120.0 122.8 114.8 166.1 140.4 128.2 113.6 118.1 106.0 162.9 121.1 In the foreign-bom white population the number of males to 100 females in 1910 was highest m the Moun- tain division (189.6), almost as high in the Pacific divi- sion (181.9), and lowest in New England (104.8). In the other divisions it ranged from 120.9 in the Middle Atlantic to 146.9 in the South Atlantic. The highest state ratios were for Nevada (331.4 to 100), Wyoming (287.2), West Virginia (261.8), Montana (238.4), Idaho (227.5), and Oregon (209.9); the lowest was that for Massachusetts (99.5). In every division, and in every state except Virginia, Alabama, Mississippi, and Ar- kansas, the proportion of males among foreign-bom whites was greater in 1910 than it was in 1900. The negro population in 1910 showed an excess of females in the South Atlantic and East South Central divisions, the two divisions where negroes are most numerous, but a slight excess of males appeared in the West South Central division. Among the other divisions females were in excess in the New England and Middle Atlantic divisions only, the excess of males in the other four divisions being doubtless due to a pre- ponderance of males among negroes migrating from the South. The sex distribution of the Indian, the Chinese, and the Japanese population in 1910 is shown in Table 24 for the United States and for the states in which these elements are relatively numerous. Table 24 tTnlted States Oklahoma Arizona New Mexico South Dakota California Washington Montana Wisconsin Minnesota Michigan Morth Carolina North Dakota New York Nevada Oregon Nebraska Idaho Utah Kansas All other states TTnlted States California Oregon New York Washington Massachusetts Uiaois Pennsylvania Arizona Montana New Jersey All other states TTnlted States California Washington Oregon Colorado Utah Montana Wyoming Idaho New York All other states Male. Female. Males to 100 females. 136,133 130,660 37,690 37, 135 16,056 14,145 10,420 10,163 9,540 9,697 8,366 8,015 5,487 5,510 6,384 5,361 5,231 4,911 4,678 4,475 3,968 3,661 3,964 3,887 3,224 3,262 3,075 2,971 2,633 2,607 2,634 2,556 1,777 1,725 1,767 1,721 1,673 1,450 1,394 1,050 7,382 6,468 103.5 10L5 106.4 102.6 99.4 104.3 99.6 100.4 106.6 102.3 11L7 162.0 98.8 103.5 101.0 99.1 103.0 102.7 116.4 132.8 114.1 66, 856 33,003 7,043 5,065 2,519 2,518 2,030 1,749 1,242 1,227 1,089 9,371 4,676 3,246 320 201 190 64 73 35 63 58 50 376 1,430.1 1,017.0 2,200.9 2,519.9 1,325.8 2,492.3 63,070 9,087 35,116 6,240 11,241 1,688 3,124 294 2,192 108 2,021 89 1,559 26 1,549 47 1,293 70 1,080 167 3.895 358 1 Hatio not shown, the number of females being less than 100. 100 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. MALES AND FEMALES, BY STATES: 1910. Table S5 DIVISION AND STATE. TJalted States. New England: Maine New Hampshire Vermont Massacliusetts Rh»de Island Conueotiout Middle Atlantic: New York New Jersey Pennsylvania East North Centbal: Ohio Indiana Illinois Michigan Wisconsin West Noeth Central: Minnesota Iowa Missouri North Dakota South Dakota Nebraska Kansas SotTTH Atlantic: Delaware Maryland District of Columbia. . Virginia West Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Florida East South Centeal: Kentuclcy Tennessee Alabama Mississippi West South Centeal:- Arkansas Louisiana Oklahoma^ Texas Mountain: Montana Idaho Wyoming Colorado New Mexico Arizona Utah Nevada Pacific: Washington Oregon California total population. 1910 Male. 47,332,277 Female. 44,639,989 377,052 216,290 182,568 1,655,248 270,314 563,642 4,684,597 1, 286, 463 3,942,206 2,434,758 1,383,296 2,911,674 1,464,534 1,208,578 1,108,511 1,148,171 1,687,813 317, 554 317, 112 627,782 885,912 103,435 644,225 158, 050 1,035,348 644,044 1,098,476 751,842 1,306,019 394, 166 1, 161, 709 1,103,491 1,074,209 905, 760 810,028 835,275 881,678 2,017,626 226,872 185, 546 91,670 430, 697 175,246 118,674 196,863 52,551 668,663 384,265 1,322,978 Males to 100 le- 106.0 365,319 214, 282 173,388 1, 711, 168 272,296 551,114 4, 529, of? 1,250,704 3,722,905 2,332,363 1,317,681 2,726,917 1,356,639 1,125,282 967, 197 1, 076, 600 1,605,622 259, 502 266,776 664,432 805,037 98,887 661, 121 173,019 1,026,264 677, 075 1,107,811 763, 568 1,304,102 368,463 1, 128, 196 1,081,298 1,063,884 891,364 764,423 821, 113 775,677 1,878,916 149,181 140,048 54,296 368,327 162,056 86, 780 176,488 29,324 483,327 288,600 1,054,571 1900 Male. 38,816,448 103.2 100.9 106.3 98.7 99.3 102.3 101.2 102.9 105.9 104.4 105.0 106.8 107.3 107.4 114.6 106.6 106. 122.4 118.9 111.2 110.0 104.6 98.9 91.3 100.9 111.6 99.2 98.6 100.1 110.0 103.0 102. 101.0 101.6 106.0 101.7 113.7 107.4 162.1 132.5 168.8 116.9 116.3 138.2 111.6 179.2 136.3 133.2 126.5 37,178,127 Female. 350,905 206,379 176, 138 1,367,474 210,516 464,294 3,614,780 941, 760 3,204,541 2,102,666 1,286,404 2, 472, 782 1,248,905 1,067,562 932, 490 1, 156, 849 1,696,710 177, 493 216, 164 664, 692 768, 716 94,158 689,275 132,004 926,897 499,242 938,677 664,895 1, 103, 201 275,246 1,090,227 1,021,224 916, 764 781,451 875,312 694, 733 423,311 1,578,900 149,842 93,367 68,184 296,332 104,228 71, 795 141, 687 25,603 304, 178 232,986 820,631 343,471 206,209 168,603 1,437,872 21S,040 464,126 3,654,114 941,909 3,097,674 2,054,890 1,231,058 2,348,768 1,172,077 1,001,480 to 100 fe- males. 104.4 818,904 1,075,004 1,510,955 141,663 185, 406 601,708 701,779 90,577 698,769 146,714 928,287 469, 568 966,133 675,421 1, 113, 130 253,296 1,056,947 999,392 91i;933 769,819 636,252 686,892 387,080 1,469,810 93,487 68,406 34,347 244,368 91,082 51, 138 135,062 16, 732 213,925 180,651 864,522 102.2 99.6 W3.9 96.1 98.5 100.0 100.0 103.5 102.3 104.4 106.3 106.6 106.6 113.9 107.6 105.6 125.3 116.6 112.6 109.5 104.0 98.4 90.0 99.7 108.8 42,178,245 white: 1910 Mate. 39,553,712 108.7 103.1 102.2 100. s! 101.5 106.1 101.1 115.3 107.4 160.3 136.5 189.4 120.9 114.4 140.4 104.9 163.0 142.2 129.0 123.5 375,768 215,918 181,372 1,633,487 266,242 555,821 4,511,327 1,241,482 3,843,539 2,378,082 1,351,792 2,852,388 1,441,281 1,201,620 1,099,425 1,139,821 1,806,566 313,861 306,962 621,042 858,437 87,387 629,072 116,001 704,363 607,326 754,852 343,544 724,488 232,546 1,030,033 869,622 626,891 Female. Males to 100 fe- males. 106.6 364,229 213,988 172,926 1,891,439 287,260 543,076 4,456,518 1,204,412 3,824,174 2,278,815 1,288, 2,674,676 1,343,966 1,118,936 NEGEO: 1910 Male. 4,885,881 688,420 480,460 771,770 1,671,437 1,069,570 1,628,376 256,004 256, 819 559,251 777,915 83,715 633,567 121, 127 685,446 649,491 745,659 336,617 707,314 211,089 997,918 841,810 602,941 384,065 544,606 460,826 672, 761 1,633,411 217,620 181,237 87,497 421,471 163,442 100,871 192, 118 47,892 836,498 370,345 1,232,990 142,980 137,984 52,821 381, 944 141, 152 70,597 174,465 26,384 473,615 284,745 1,026,682 100.9 104.9 96. 99.2 102. 101.3 103.1 106.1 104.3 104.9 106.6 107.2 107.4 114.6 106.5 106.1 122.8 119.6 111.0 110.1 104.4 99.2 94.9 102.8 110.5 101.2 102.4 102.4 110.2 103.2 103.3 103. 104.7 107.7 104.3 114.7 109.0 162.2 131.3 166.6 116.4 115.8 142.9 110.1 181.5 134.2 130.1 120.1 Female. 4,941,882 700 238 1,173 18, 748 4,646 7, 64,034 43,602 95,830 57,995 31,044 66,909 9,007 1,476 4,183 8,120 80,489 381 468 4,259 27,964 16,011 114,749 42,615 330,642 36,607 339, 581 408,078 580,263 161,362 131,492 233,710 447, 794 602, 796 223,323 363,824 71,937 344,941 1,058 . 398 1,544 5,867 891 1,054 263 3,736 907 11,303 276 448 19,307 4, 7,945 70, 157 46,158 53,457 29,276 52, 140 8,108 1,424 Males to 100 fe- males. 98.9 268,151 105.6 104.3 261.8 97. 95.1 91.0 91.3 94.6 97.7 108.5 106.0 109.1 111.1 103.7 6,863 76,963 236 349 3,430 26,066 15, 170 117,601 61,831 340, 654 27,568 358, 282 427, 765 696, 724 147,307 130, 164 239,378 460,488 606,691 219,668 360,050 65,875 345, 108 776 253 691 6,586 737 956 453 260 2,322 686 10,342 INDIAN, CHINESE, JAP-4JraSE, AND ALL other: 1910 Male. 144,396 586 84 23 3,013 427 692 9,238 1,379 2,837 681 459 2,379 4,248 5,482 Fe- male. 427 18 14 422 162 3,342 134 642 91 136 201 3,666 4,923 Males to 100 fe- males. 185.7 2,901 144.2 4,903 4,494 118.5 104.6 181.4 134.1 124.2 107. 105.6 97.7 82.2 97.1 132.8 94.8 95.4 97.2 109.6 101.0 97.8 97.2 101.7 98.3 109.5 100.0 136.3 167.3 223 106.0 120. 110.4 152.6 105.2 180.9 166.0 109 430 768 3,322 9,692 2,481 1,611 37 404 434 443 111 4,043 220 268 184 169 624 177 183 3,262 9,608 1,751 1,066 137.2 (') (1) 714.0 263.6 (') 276.4 1,029.1 441.9 (') 337.5 1,183.6 119.1 111.4 109.1 242.9 419.7 101.8 100.9 141.7 143.1 991 37,871 1,248 8,194 3,911 2,629 3,389 10, 912 18,649 4,054 4,396 19, 431 13, 013 78,685 2 63 61 284 18 3,890 176 64 87 114 110 466 608 249 437 37, 141 397 5,445 1,811 783 797 10, 167 14,228 1,570 2, 7,390 3,170 17,647 (') (») 0) 167.8 103.9 125.0 (') (') 161.4 144.5 115.2 113.7 226.8 102.0 314.4 150.5 216.0 335.8 421.5 107.3 117.0 258.2 163.4 262.9 410.5 448.4 1 Ratio not shown, the number of females being less than 100. ■^Includes population of Indian Territory for 1900. CLASSIFICATION OF POPULATION BY SEX. WHITE MALES AND FEMALES, BY STATES: 1910. 101 Table 26 DIVISION AHB STATE. TTnited States. New England: Maine New Hampshire. . Vermont Massachusetts Bhode Island Connecticut MiDDLi: Atlantic: New York New Jersey , Pennsylvania East North Central: Ohio Indiana Illinois Michigan Wisconsin West Noeth Central: Minnesota Iowa Missouri North Dakota. . South Dakota.. Nebraska South Atlantic: Delaware Maryland Dist. of Columbia. Virginia West Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Florida East South Central: Kentucky Tennessee Alabama Mississippi West South Central Arkansas Louisiana Oklahoma^ Texas Mountain: Montana Idaho Wyoming Colorado New Mexico Arizona Utah Nevada Pacific: Washington Oregon California NATIVE white: 1910 Total. Male. 34,654,457 317,798 165, 250 153,450 1,109,369 174,659 378,763 3,078,904 884,946 2,990,906 2,029,941 1,254,609 2, 178, 791 1,107,624 911, 181 778,944 982, 192 1, 474, 700 221, 221 247,256 519,461 775,343 77,463 474,765 102,084 687,636 566,027 751, 107 339,825 714,970 211,840 1,008,422 858,475 614,065 396,098 576,813 450,817 746, 100 1,634,616 153,060 153, 166 67,382 343,397 148,610 70,285 156, 172 34,066 474, 775 300,686 907,573 Female. 33,731,966 312,064 168,098 160,987 1,164,617 179,808 391,386 3,158,669 902,760 3,038,039 2,027,711 1,226,030 2,146,611 1,082,099 896,805 737,273 963,615 1,431,336 192,476 216, 887 484, 967 723,819 76,219 483,710 109,603 676, 546 633,718 743, 462 333,282 701, 760 197,962 979,476 834,498 695,811 380,624 638,304 438,487 658,347 1,430,249 115,876 125,639 45,818 313, 167 133,330 54, 369 147,018 22, 212 393, 139 261,504 834,849 Males to 100 fe- males. 101.8 98.3 101.6 96.3 97.1 96.8 97.5 98.0 98.4 100.1 102.3 101.6 102.4 101.6 106.7 103.0 103.0 114.9 114.5 107.1 107.1 101.6 98.1 93.1 101.8 106.1 101.0 102.0 101.9 107.0 103.0 102.9 103 104.1 107.0 102.8 113.3 107.3 132.1 121.9 147.1 109.7 111.5 129.3 106. 153.4 120.8 119.5 108.7 Native parentage. Male. 25,229,218 249,738 114,628 116,227 538,094 79,736 195,468 1,606,624 502, 171 2,099, 1,527,978 1,079,947 1,324,922 626,032 387,668 301,562 663,909 1,218,666 89, 162 133,071 334, 144 624,963 64, 680 381,396 80,607 667,946 636,985 746,715 334,338 702, 049 193, 802 948,864 839,497 697, 894 386,337 656,409 396,356 696,556 1,348,808 94,467 112,310 48,652 250,989 134, 628 47,370 89,205 21,809 324,335 228, 772 685,668 Female. 24,269,357 245, 169 115,603 113. 165 665, 335 80,086 200,181 1,623,701 607, 738 2,123,331 1,606,281 1,050,141 1,275,633 699,809 376,667 273,529 639,617 1,169,269 73,299 112,681 307.931 582,104 63,129 386, 232 86, 204 667,292 606, 122 739,003 327,632 689,009 180. 166 914,330 815, 109 679, 665 370,896 621, 100 380,231 614, 847 1,254,142 67,660 91,289 32,044 224,147 121,081 35,098 82,468 13,617 261,061 188, 079 520,876 Males to 100 fe- males. 104.0 101.9 99.2 102.7 95.2 99.6 97.6 101.5 102.8 103.9 104.2 103.2 110.2 103.8 104.2 121.6 118.2 108.5 107.4 102.6 99.0 93.4 101.6 106.3 101.0 102.0 101.9 107.6 103.8 103.0 103.2 104.2 106.8 104.2 113.1 107.6 139.6 123.0 161.8 112.0 lll.l 136.0 108.2 161.3 124.2 121.6 112.4 Foreign or mixed parentage. Male. 9,425,239 68,060 50,622 37,223 571,266 94,924 183,285 1,472,280 382, 776 891,509 501,963 174,662 863,869 482,692 623,513 477,392 318,283 256,134 132,059 114,186 185,317 150,390 12,783 93,360 21,577 19, 689 29,042 4,392 6,487 12,921 18,038 69,568 18,978 16, 171 9,761 19,404 54,461 60,644 186,807 58,593 40,846 18, 730 92,408 14,082 22,916 66,967 12, 266 150,440 71,813 321,915 Female. 9,472,698 66,895 52,405 37,832 599, 182 99,722 191,204 1,534,968 396,022 914, 758 622,430 175,889 869,978 482,290 621,248 463,744 313,898 262,067 119,177 103,306 177,036 141,716 13,090 98,478 23,489 18,264 28,696 4,469 6,660 12, 761 17, 787 66,146 19,389 16,246 9,728 17,204 58,266 43,500 176, 107 48,216 34,350 13, 774 89,020 12,249 19,261 64,560 8,695 132,088 63,426 313, 974 Males to 100 fe- males. 98.4 95.3 96.2 96.9 96.9 96.9 97.5 96.1 99.3 98.1 100.1 100.4 102.9 101.4 97.7 110.8 110.5 104.7 106.1 97.7 94.8 91.9 107.9 101.6 98.6 97.1 101.3 101.4 91.4 97.9 99.6 100.3 112.8 93.6 116.2 105.6 121.6 118.9 136.0 103.8 116.0 119.0 103.7 141.0 113.9 113.2 102.6 POEEIGN-BORN WHITE. 1910 Male. 7 683,788 57,968 50,668 27,922 624,128 90,683 177,068 1,432,423 356,536 862,634 346, 141 97,183 673,596 333,657 290,439 320,481 167,429 131, 856 92,630 59,696 101,581 81,094 9,924 64,317 12,917 16,728 41,299 3,746 3,719 9,618 20,706 21,611 11,147 11,826 5,968 10,607 29,643 25,670 136,822 64,560 28,082 20,115 78,074 14,832 30,586 36,946 13,827 160, 721 69,760 326, 417 Female. 6,821,757 52, 165 45,890 21,939 528,922 87,442 151,691 1,296,849 301,652 686,086 ■ 251,104 62, 139 628,966 261,867 222,130 222,629 116,056 97,040 63,628 40,932 74,284 64,096 7,496 49,867 11,434 9,900 15,773 2,197 2,335 5,654 13,137 18,442 7,312 7,130 3,431 6,302 22, 139 14,414 103, 162 27,084 12,345 7,003 48,777 7,822 16,238 27,447 4,172 80,476 33,241 191, 833 Males to 100 fe- males. 129.2 111.1 110.4 127.3 99.5 103.6 116.7 110.6 118.2 145.5 137.8 156.4 127.3 127.4 130, 144.0 135.7 136.9 146.8 145.8 136.7 149.9 132.4 108.9 113.0 169.0 261.8 170.6 159.3 171.4 167.6 117.2 162.4 166.9 173.7 168.3 133.9 178.1 132.6 238.4 227.6 287.2 160.1 189.6 188.4 131.0 331.4 199.7 209.9 169.6 1900 M:de. 6,616,286 47,976 44,387 24,608 404,001 65,571 122,817 953,786 223,116 551,591 246,664 78,487 517,648 295, 192 282,393 287,473 170,883 119, 566 66, 145 60,967 99, 712 72,240 7,630 47, 005 10,213 12,034 14,164 2,712 3,159 7,283 11,260 26,440 10,291 8,949 5,026 8,911 28,834 12, 678 100. 910 43,209 14,625 11,586 66,422 8,270 14,189 26,728 6,061 67,078 33,886 191, 812 Female. 4,698,632 44,969 43,674 20,186 436,113 68,201 114,679 935,738 206,934 430,952 211,236 63,374 446,987 246,004 233,312 217,462 134,899 96,210 46,445 37,362 77,405 54,337 6,199 46, 139 9,307 7,034 8,216 1,' 2,212 4,738 7,997 23,693 7,295 6,389 5,276 23,019 7,712 76,671 19,164 7,365 4,! 35,053 4,991 8,206 26,076 2,620 36, 047 19, 976 124,693 to 100 fe- 117.4 106.7 101.9 121.4 92.6 96.1 107.2 101.9 107.8 128.0 116. S 123.8 116.8 120.5 121.0 132.2 126.7 124.3 142.4 136.4 128.8 132.9 121.5 101.9 109.7 171.1 172.4 161.2 142.8 163.7 140.8 111.6 141.1 166.1 193.4 168.9 125.3 164.4 131.6 225.5 197.2 231.9 168.1 166.7 172.9 102.6 240.5 191.4 169.6 163.8 > Includes population of Indian Territory for 1900. 102 ABSTRACT OF THE OENSUS-r^POPULATION. TIIIBAN AND RXTRAL POPULATION. Table 27 gives the ratio of males to females in the total population and the principal color or race, nativity, and parentage classes in urban and in rural communi- ties, respectively, for the country as a whole and for each division separately. Table 28 shows the corre- sponding classification by sex. The accompanying dia- gram shows graphically the ratios for each geographic division. MALES TO 100 FEMALES IN URBAN AND RURAL COMMUNITIES: 1910. UNlTf D STATES NEW ENGLAND MJDOUE ATLANTIC. EAST NORTH CENTRAL WEST NORTH CENTRAL c so 40 e NUMBER ao ICO 130 I40 URBAN 1 ^ B ' ■ 1 ■ n ■ ■ ■ H H H ■ RlffiAL ^ M M ^ ^^^___^J p^ ■^ % ^%p{<< ■^<^!px}%^ y/M^/A'yMMA'/A/MMMA SOUTH ATLANTIC EAST SOOTH central. WEST SOUTH central RURAL URBAN ■ ■ V/.V, ■ ■ ■ ■ Si 1 _ _ 1 RURAL ym i i ^ ■ mountain PACIFIQ Of the aggregate urban population of the United States m 1910, 21,496,181 were males and 21,127,202 females, the number of males to 100 females being 101.7. Of the aggregate rural population, 25,836,096 were males and 23,512,787 females, the number of males to 100 females being 109.9. In each class of the population the proportion of males increased between 1900 and 1910— in the urban, from 98.7 to 101,7 males to 100 females, and in the rural, from 108.5 to 109.9. In every division also the proportion of males, both in the urban and in the rural population, increased between 1900 and 1910; and in every division, as in the country as a whole, the proportion of males in rural communities was greater than in urban. In the rural population of each division the males outnumbered the females, but in the urban popu- lation of three divisions — the New England, South Atlantic, and East South Central — the females out- numbered the males. The fact that females form a larger proportion of the , population in urban than in rural communities through- out the United States exists despite the fact that the foreign-bom whites— a class in which, as previously noted, males are greatly in the majority — are largely concentrated in cities. The higher proportion of females in the cities is generally attributed, at least in part, to the fact that the city as compared with the country affords more opportunities for women to find employment. Differ- ences in birth and death rates also probably affect it. Table 37 MALES TO 100 FEMALES. DIVISION AND CLASS OF Total population. Native white: 1910 Foreign- bom wbite: 1910 1910 1900 Native parent- age. Foreign or mixed parent- age. Negro: 1910 TlBlted states "Urban 106.0 101.7 109.9 104.4 •8.7 108.6 104.0 99.3 106.7 99.6 94.6 109.6 129.2 118.9 161.1 98.9 90.8 102.1 Nf,W Fw«t.awt> 99.3 97.8 107.4 10S.3 100.6 110.1 106.0 103.2 109.3 109.9 104.6 112.7 101.2 94.1 103.8 101.9 94.5 103.7 107.2 10L2 109.0 127.9 113.3 137.0 120.6 120.2 143.0 97.7 95.7 106.1 100.9 98.0 106.6 104.7 99.7 109.1 109.7 102.8 112. S 100.0 91.6 102.5 101.9 94.0 103.4 106.7 96.6 108.8 128.0 111.7 136.6 m.2 118.0 137.9 98.1 96.6 104.6 98.9 96.1 102.5 102.9 99.3 106.6 106.6 102.5 108.4 102.1 96.0 103.9 lOt.g 97.9 104. g 108.2 104.2 109.2 119.8 HO. 3 124.9 117.4 111.2 134.9 96.0 95.2 104.6 96.6 94.9 104.8 98.6 93.4 107.9 103.8 93.2 109.0 97.6 93.1 109.8 04.5 88.5 110.1 106.1 96.1 112.1 112.6 99.6 123.2 106.8 99.2 120.4 104.8 103.1 128.1 120.9 114.0 165.9 131.3 127.7 140.7 141.3 134.8 146.7 146.9 121.1 219.3 139.2 133.2 179.8 138.8 124.9 148.8 189.6 141.0 233.7 181.9 16S.8 236. G 97.8 96.2 131.8 94.9 90.8 114.8 108.3 104.6 121.4 107.8 104.1 116.8 97.6 86.0 101. e 98.4 87.9 101.1 100.4 90.6 108.3 121.3 106.2 177.1 120^4 110.3 190.1 Urban '.. MiDDUs Atlantic Eoral .... East North Central... Urban Rural West North Central.. Urban Kural . . East South Central... Urban Rural West South Central... Rural Mountain Rural Pacific ■ Rural CLASSIFICATION OF POPULATION BY SEX. MALES AND FEMALES IN URBAN AND RURAL COMMUNITIES, BY DIVISIONS: 1910. 103 Table S8 total population. NATIVE white: 1910 FOEEIGN-BOBN DIVISION AND CLASS OF COMMUNITY. 1910 1900 Native parentage. Foreign or mixed parentage. WHITE: 1910 1910 Male. Female. Male. Female. Male. Female. Male. Female. Male. Female. Male. Female. TTnited States 47,332,277 21,496,181 25,836,096 44,639,989 21,127,202 23,612,787 38,816,448 15,298,189 23,618,269 37,178,127 16,498,996 21,679,131 25,229,218 8,893,653 16,335,666 24,259,357 8,956,091 15,303,266 9,426,239 6,001,484 3,423,755 9,472,598 6,345,416 3,127,182 7,623,788 5,234,642 2,289,146 5,821,757 4,400,727 1,421,030 4,885,881 1,279,484 3,606,397 4,941,882 1,409,745 3,632,137 Rural 3,266,114 2,696,799 568,315 9,813,266 6,882,682 2,930,684 9,392,839 4,886,039 4,607,800 6,092,855 1,979,084 4,113,771 6,134,605 1,499,281 4,635,324 4,245,169 764,684 3,480,485 4,644,505 984,724 3,659,781 1,478,018 503,331 974,687 2,365,906 1, 300, 657 1,065,249 3,287,567 2,768,646 529,021 9,602,626 6,840,791 2,661,836 8,867,782 4,732,232 4,125,650 5,545,066 1,894,632 3,650,434 6,060,290 1,692,872 4,467,418 4,164,732 809,545 3,356,187 4,240,029 972,732 3,267,297 1,156,499 444, 180 711,319 1,826,398 1,081,672 744,726 2,763,796 2,186,301 577,495_ 7,761,081 4,986,332 2,774,749 8,177,308 3,604,539 4,572,769 6,412,014 1,493,490 3,918,624 5,222,595 1,067,304 4,166,291 3,809,666 648,048 3,261,618 3,372,256 619,087 2,853,169 940,038 285,668 654,370 1,357,694 607,420 750,274 2,828,221 2,283,878 544,343 7,693,697 6,089,561 2,604,046 7,808,273 3,615,436 4,192,837 4,936,409 1,453,064 3,482,365 6,220,885 1,166,328 4,065,667 3,738,091 583,008 3,165,083 3,160,034 538, 110 2,621,924 734,619 255, 695 478,924 1,058,968 514,936 644,062 1,293,890 902,295 391,696 4,208,191 2,312,444 1,895,747 4,946,647 2,000,500 2,946,047 3,365,357 1,004,257 2,361,100 3,708,417 821,025 2,887,392 2,772,692 423,791 2,348,801 2,997,129 682,979 2, 414, 160 799,330 257,949 541,381 1,138,765 588,313 860,462 1,319,629 945, 189 374,340 4,254,770 2,406,019 1,848,761 4,806,421 2,014,169 2,792,252 3,158,330 980,070 2,178,260 3,632,788 864,794 2,777,994 2,679,900 433,035 2,246,865 2,770,320 669,667 2,210,663 667,294 233,880 433,414 970,006 529,278 440,727 1,005,379 909,877 96,502 2,746,564 2,242,400 604, 164 2,636,699 1,634,665 1,002,034 1,633,760 526,789 1,107,971 217,289 151,125 66, 164 104,468 70,406 34,002 310,216 115, 166 195,061 326,796 129,305 197,491 644, 168 322,862 221, 316 1,047,330 956,016 91,314 2,844,748 2,363,581 481, 167 2,671,835 1,643,127 928,708 1,680,943 664,280 1,016,663 222,664 162,290 60,264 110,609 79,576 30,933 296,067 121, 124 173,943 290,125 129,826 160, 299 609,487 325,696 183,891 928,337 850,960 77,387 2,641,593 2,156,963 484, 630 1,741,015 1,227,819 613,196 944,767 362,667 682, 100 172,872 105,016 67,856 50,542 31,978 18,664 202,742 75,964 126,778 286,022 101, 420 184,602 556,898 321,865 234,033 886,049 826, 040 60,409 2,184,586 1,892,514 292,072 1,326,206 961,472 364,733 668,464 269,029 399,436 117,683 86,740 30,943 36,316 26, 964- 10,361 146,017 60,844 85,173 150,888 71,911 78,977 305,660 206,623 98,927 32,783 29,696 3,087 203,466 161,463 42,013 156,431 117,883 38,648 125,864 83,809 42,055 2,029,808 420,619 1,609,189 1,315,792 238,203 1,077,689 994,025 207, 124 786,901 11,766 7,918 3,848 15,946 12,779 3,167 33,523 Urban 31, 181 Rural 2,342 Minni.TT. ATrA-NTTTf! 214,404 Urban 177, 793 Rural 36,611 East Noeth Centbai. TTrhan 144,405 112,659 Rural 31,746 West Noeth Centeal. . . Urban 116,798 80,492 Rural 36,306 POTT^TT ATT-ATi^Trn 2,082,680 488,901 Rural 1, 693, 779 East South Centeal Urban 1,336,721 270,894 1,066,827 990,401 228,714 West South Central Urban 761,687 9,701 Urban 7,528 Rural . 2,173 Pacific. . 13,249 Urban 11,583 Rural 1,666 The proportion of males is lower in urban than in rural communities not only for the total population, but also for each of the principal color or race, nativity, and parentage groups. Thus in 19 10 in thenative white population of native parentage there were 99.3 males to 100 females in urban communities as compared with 106.7 in rural. For the native whites of foreign or mixed parentage the ratios were, respectively, 94.6 to 100 for urban and 109.5 to 100 for rural communities. A still greater disparity appeared in the case of the foreign-bom whites, there being 118.9 males to 100 females (itself a high ratio) in this class in urban com- munities and 161.1 in rural communities. Fornegroes the corresponding ratios were 90.8 and 102.1 to 100. Especially striking are the very high ratios of males to females among the foreign-bom whites in the rural population of the South Atlantic, Mountain, and Pa- cific divisions. The total number of foreign-bom whites in the rural districts of these divisions, how- ever, is comparatively small. In the three southern divisions, where negroes are the most numerous, there was only a sUght excess of males among the negroes in the rural population. The ratio of males to females among negroes in the urban communities of the South, however, was par- ticularly low, ranging in 1910 from 86 males to 100 females in the South Atlantic division to 90.6 in the West South Central. PRINCIPAL CITIES. Table 29 classifies by sex the total population and the principal color or race, nativity, and parentage classes in each of the 50 principal cities in 1910, and Table 31 shows the corresponding ratios of males to females. The total number of persons of each sex in cities of 25,000 to 100,000 inhabitants is shown in Table 30. In 28 of the 50 cities of over 100,000 inhabitants the males outnumbered the females in 1910. In 39 of the cities the proportion of males was greater in 1910 than it was in 1900, and in 11 it was less. The number of males to 100 females in 1910 was greatest in Seattle (136.2) and only slightly less in Portland, Oreg. (134.5). Nashville showed the smallest propor- tion of males, or 89.6 males to 100 females. Of the eight cities of 500,000 inhabitants or more, Baltimore had the lowest number of males to 100 females (92.4) in 1910 and Cleveland the highest (106.6). The population of New York City was almost evenly divided by sex; in Philadelphia the females outnumbered the males; and in Chicago the males outnumbered the females. Among the negro population in 1910 the females outnumbered the males in 28 of the cities, the pro- portion of males being very low in the southern cities generally. 104 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. MALES AND FEMALES IN THE POPULATION OP CITIES OP 100,000 INHABITANTS OR MORE: 1910. Table 29 TOTAL POPULATION. 1910 Male. Female. 1900 Male. Temale. NATIVE "WHITE: 1910 Native parentage. Male. Female. Foreign or mixed Male. Female. FOEEIGN-BOBN "WHITE; 1910 Male. Female. NEGEO: 1910 Male. Female. Albany N.Y Atlanta, Ga Baltimore, Md Birmingham, Ala Boston, Mass Bridgeport, Conn Buffalo, N.Y Cambridge, Mass Chicago, 111 Cincinnati, Ohio Cleveland, Ohio Columbus, Ohio Dayton, Ohio Denver, Colo Detroit, Mich Fall River, Mass Grand Rapids, Mich Indianapolis, Ind Jersey City, N. J Kansas City, Mo Los AngeleS; Cal Louisville^ Ky Lo"well, Mass Memphis, Tenn Milwaukee, Wis Minneapolis. Minn Nashville, Tenn New Haven, Conn New Orleans, La NewYork, N. Y Manhattan Borough. Bronx Borough j Brooklyn Borough... Queens Borough Richmond Borough. . Newark, N.J Oakland, Cal Omaha, Nebr Paterson, N. J Philadelphia, Pa Pittsburgh, Pal Portland, Oreg Providence, R. I Richmond, Va Rochester, N. Y St. hows, Mo St. Paul, Minn Ban Francisco, Cal Scranton, Pa Seattle, Wash Spokane, Wash Syracuse, N. Y Toledo, Ohio Washington, D. C Worcester, Mass 48,270 74,601 268,195 67,268 329,703 52,649 212, 602 60, 161 1,125,764 177,611 91,452 68,848 107,395 240,364 57,627 66,539 116,069 137,457 126,414 162, 669 108,648 61,625 66,270 189,488 157,346 52,156 66,696 163,239 2,382,482 1,166,669 217, m 809, 791 144,205 44,707 173,389 78,222 64,802 62,439 760,463 273,589 118,868 110,288 60,906 108,352 346,068 111,809 236, 901 65, 591 136,773 57,513 68,806 84,691 158,060 73,424 51,983 80,338 290,290 65,417 340,882 49,505 211,213 64,678 1,059,619 186,080 271,401 90,059 67,729 105,986 225,412 61,668 57,032 117, 681 130,322 121,967 156,529 115,380 54,769 64,836 184,369 144,063 58, 209 66,910 176,836 2,384,401 1,164,883 218,860 824,560 139,836 41,262 ,174,080 71,952 59,294 63,161 788,646 260,316 88,346 114,038 66, 723 109, 797 340,961 102,935 180,011 64, 276 100, 421 46,889 68,443 83,806 173,019 72, 562 45,031 41,377 243,280 19,626 274,922 36,381 174,931 44,477 863,408 167,140 192,616 63,301 42,142 66,692 139,242 50,260 42,470 83,523 104,027 82,729 60,619 99,531 44,949 52,284 140,536 103,122 38,356 53,842 136,068 1,705,705 918,259 101, 756 573, 733 77,647 34,410 121,027 32,921 54,093 51,889 634,486 232,313 63,128 85,072 39,936 77,520 288,197 84,405 184,866 51,216 "51,521 21,167 52,538 65,604 132,004 69,082 49,120 48,495 266,677 18,789 286,970 35,615 177,456 47,409 835,167 168,762 189, 152 62,269 43, 191 67,267 146,462 64,603 46,095 85,641 102,406 81,023 61,960 106,200 60,020 60,036 144,779 99,696 42,609 54,185 151,036 1,731,497 931,834 98, 761 592,843 76,452 32,811 125,043 34,039 48,462 53,282 659,212 219, 199 37,298 90,525 45,114 86,088 287,041 78,660 167,916 60,810 29,150 15,681 55,836 66, 218 146,714 59,339 21,462 45,482 125,702 34,008 77,368 13,723 59,915 12,047 226, 666 76,659 66,668 68,339 36,129 53,529 59,063 7,637 19,960 74,209 37,937 77,861 84,881 55,678 9,767 31,210 39,021 60,676 31,064 18,358 72,869 456, 111 171,437 4B,4S1 183,324 40,4SO 14,489 46,420 27,692 27,678 13,776 87,602 57, 696 28,933 33,429 36, 779 134,860 32,522 64,627 19,051 59,007 29,226 28,958 37,392 80,607 20,206 23,011 46,505 135,772 32,304 80,602 13,433 69,777 13,668 218,473 78,278 65,646 68,507 36,172 53, 416 56,043 8,221 20,817 76,384 36,924 76,856 85,086 57! 865 10,936 28,776 45,610 32,633 19,368 74,614 465, 207 172,914 46, 138 192,224 40,177 13, 764 48,317 27,606 25,339 14, 617 299,318 88,487 46,567 31,033 35,701 37, 746 "134,986 29,072 50,832 19,694 46,777 26,348 29,450 37, 756 86,204 21,216 17,242 3,080 64,478 4,206 126,648 18,202 88,765 19,370 446,584 61,706 109,419 16,899 12,045 29,635 91,905 25,346 19,967 19,675 63,892 22,132 35,446 24,388 20, 208 5,9(B 87,348 56,026 3,287 23,991 34,423 890, 781 401,434 90,631 322,697 59,854 16,265 64, 146 23,904 19,683 24,401 241,243 93,363 26,132 39,727 3,703 118, 245 45,782 77,307 26,565 31, 178 13,939 22,259 28,822 21,577 19,291 3,384 70,392 4,161 130,466 19,112 94,918 20,424 466,117 70,484 114,489 18,679 13,614 31, 660 96,360 26,780* 22,800 21,745 65,209 23,601 39,310 28,023 21,734 6,235 96,182 60,622 3,864 26,443 39,821 929,360 416,774 94,516 340,986 61,115 15,970 68,204 26,032 19,912 25,778 255,642 98, 130 24,877 42,627 3,961 43,823 128,701 47, 616 76, 474 28,866 29,956 13,338 24,663 30,661 23,489 28,125 9,031 2,649 88,636 3,381 117,786 19,906 62,796 16,412 427, 860 29,216 108,673 9,374 8,173 20,895 86,332 24,391 16,240 11,334 42,456 14,426 33,275 8,868 21,434 3,863 62, 679 49,017 1,577 22,541 14, 634 987,952 661, 681 77,948 292, 614 4£,S36 13,373 68,114 20,854 15,081 23,468 193,994 79,024 27,724 38,768 2,287 31,241 70,297 31, 532 80,995 19,661 39,078 13,404 16,993 17,491 12,917 25,948 9,134 1,761 38,407 2,319 122,936 16,275 55,648 18,196 363,357 27,676 87,130 6,911 6,674 18,046 70,233 26,483 13,095 8,433 36,241 10,901 27,309 8,668 22,023 2,614 48,877 36,921 1,416 20,243 13,052 939, 761 542,338 70,987 278,74^ 36,779 10,906 52,541 15,968 11,987 21,930 188,584 61,412 16,056 37,636 1,798 27,752 66,409 24,992 49,879 16, 451 21,767 7,816 13,788 14,546 11,434 22,544 497 23,219 39,054 25, 662 6,664 657 933 2,227 22,686 9,905 4,341 6,784 2,476 2,652 2,985 174 347 10,803 3,020 11,885 3,682 19,602 62 25,269 478 1,499 16,229 1,711 40,946 42,143 28,024 1,911 10,245 1,U0 623 4,477 1,614 2,379 710 39,431 13, 361 608 2,677 21,472 424 22,168 1,904 1,025 306 1,394 391 679 937 42,616 670 540 28,683 46,695 26,643 6,900 675 840 2,480 21,418 9,734 4,107 5,955 2,367 2,774 2,756 181 318 11, 013 2,940 11,681 3,917 20,920 71 27,182 502 1,093 20,294 1,850 48,316 49,666 32, 610 2,206 12,463 1,768 1,441 2,047 829 46,028 12,272 437 2,739 26,261 465 21,792 1,240 617 262 332 545 940 51,831 671 ' Includes population of Allegheny for 1900. MALES AND PEMALES IN THE POPULATION OP CITIES HAVING PROM 25,000 TO 100,000 INHABITANTS: 1910. Table 30 Male. Female. Males to 100 females. Male. Female. Males to 100 females. Alabama Mobile Montgomery Arkansas Little Rock California Berkeley Pasadena Sacramento San Diego San Jose Colorado Colorado Springe Pueblo 24,317 17,805 23,035 19,618 13,684 25,332 20,726 14,399 14,042 24,855 27,204 20,331 22,908 16,036 19,540 89.4 87.6 100.6 20,916 93.3 16,607 82.4 19,364 130.8 18,852 109.9 14,647 99.0 93.4 127.2 Connecticut Hartford Meriden town Meridencity New Britain Norwich to"vm Stamford town Stamford city Waterbury Delaweire Wilmington Florida Jackson"ville Tampa 49,211 16,143 11,717 23,212 13,567 14,527 12,638 38,018 43,938 29,340 19,654 49,704 15,923 13,648 20,704 14,662 14,309 12,600 36,123 43,473 28,359 18,228 99.0 101.4 101.2 112.1 92.6 101.5 101.1 108.2 101.1 103.5 107.3 CLASSIFICATION OF POPULATION BY SEX. MALES AND FEMALES IN CITIES HAVING FROM 25,000 TO 100,000 INHABITANTS: 1910— Continued. 105 Table 30— Contd. Male. Female. Males to 100 females. Male. Female. Males to 100 temales. Augusta. . . Macon Savannah. Georgia Aurora'. Bloomington.. Danville Decatur East St. Louis. Elgin Jollet Peoria Quincy EocUord Springfield Illinois Evansville... Fort Wayne. South Bend., Terre Haute. Indiana Cedar Rapids.. Clinton Council Blufls. Davenport Des Moines — Dubuque Sioux City Waterloo Iowa Kansas City . Topeka Wichita Kansas Covington. Lexington. Newport.. Kentucky Shreveport. Louisiana Lewiston. Portland . Maine Uassachusetts Brockton Brookline town.. Chelsea Chicopee Everett Fitchburg Haverhill. Holyoke Lawrence Lynn MTalden New Bedford.-.. Newton Pittsaeld Quincy Salem Somerville Springfield Taunton Waltham Battle Creek.. Bay City Flmt Jackson Kalamazoo... Lansing Saginaw Michigan Minnesota Duluth. Missouri Toplin St. Joseph.. Springfield . Butte.. Lincoln South Omaha. Montana Ifebraska Manchester. Nashua I^ew Hampshire Atlantic City - Bayonne Camden East Orange. . Elizabeth Hoboken Orange Passaic New Jersey 19,237 19,513 31,081 15,118 12,321 13,721 15,443 32,363 12,290 18,417 34,362 17,879 23,302 26,488 34,429 31,433 27,631 29,287 16,300 13,067 15,154 21,530 43,135 18,977 25,718 13,776 42,773 21,710 26,628 16,829 14,674 13,760 12,529 27,956 11,038 16,709 12,736 16,313 18,764 •21,607 27,671 42,858 44,585 20,927 47,731 17,801 16,130 16,464 21,291 36,628 43,221 16,722 12,949 12,374 22,505 21,779 15,864 19,197 16,801 24,850 44,866 16,231 39,665 17, 401 22,314 21,870 14,661 34,148 13,016 22,997 29,527 47,396 16,287 37,971 36,675 14, 466 26,549 21,803 21,162 33,983 14,689 13, 447 14,150 15,697 26,184 13,686 33,600 15,842 37,738 17,800 16,851 22,103 11,698 35,916 12,989 23,163 26,018 47, 142 19,084 35,438 33,649 15,164 28,224 88.2 92.3 91.5 102.9 91.6 97.0 98.4 123.6 16,253 113.3 32,688 105.4 18,708 95.6 22,099 105.4 26,190 97.3 35,218 97.8 32,500 96.7 26,063 106.1 28,870 101.4 16,611 98.7 12,610 104.5 14,138 107.2 21,498 100.1 43,233 99.8 19,517 97.2 22,110 116.3 12,918 106.6 39,658 108.1 21,974 98.8 25,486 105.8 27,642 92.7 18,270 92.1 15,636 93.9 14,255 96.6 13,718 91.3 30,616 91.3 28,585 99.0 16,754 65.9 15,743 106.1 12,666 100.6 17,171 96.0 19,062 98.4 22,608 96.0 30,059 92.1 43,034 99.6 44,751 99.6 23,477 89.1 48,921 97.6 ■22,005 80.9 15,991 100.9 16,188 101.6 22,406 95.0 40,608 90.2 45,705 94.6 17,637 96.4 14,885 87.0 12,893 96.0 22,661 99.3 16,771 129.9 15,679 101.8 20,240 94.8 14,428 116.4 26,660 96.8 133.6 102.6 105.1 97.8 132.4 98.9 124.5 95.1 100.2 113.5 100.5 80.1 107.1 109.0 96.4 94.1 New Jersey — Continued. Perth Amboy Trenton W est Hoboken town Amsterdam Auburn Bingnamton Elmira Jamestown Kingston Mount Vernon.. NewRochelle.. Newburgh Niagara Falls. . . Poughkeepsie... Schenectady Troy Utica Watertown Yonkers Now York Charlotte Wilmington . North Carolina Akron Canton Hamilton Lima Lorain Newark Springfield . . . Youngstown.. Zanesville Oklahoma Muskogee Oklahoma City Fennsylvaiila Allentown Altoona Chester Easton Brie Harrisburg Hazleton Johnstown Lancaster McKeesport New Castle Norristown borough Reading Shenandoah borough Wilkes-Barre Williamsport York Newport Pawtucket Warwick town. Woonsocket Bhode Island Charleston.. Columbia... South Carolina Chattanooga. . Knoxville Tennessee Austin Dallas El Paso Fort Worth.. Galveston Houston San Antonio.. Waco Texas Utah Ogden Salt Lake City Virginia Lynchburg » Norfolk Portsmouth Roanoke Tacoma. Washington Huntington . Wheeling West Virginia Green Bay. La Crosse.. - Madison Oshkosh Racine Sheboygan . Superior 17,369 60,231 17,658 15,279 17,687 23, 105 18,663 16,660 12, 250 14,844 14,686 13,435 16,086 13,378 38,821 36,387 36,367 13,066 40,103 16,275 12,282 36,604 26,110 17,825 15,213 16,261 12,988 23,838 43,649 13,560 13,398 35,742 25,098 26,134 19,768 13,823 33,515 31, 183 12, 696 30, 940 22,098 22, 610 19, 134 13,268 47,576 14,386 33,859 14,932 21,869 14,784 25,351 13,182 18,732 27,334 12,616 22,429 17,621 14,390 46,499 19,726 39, 007 19,386 40,126 47,866 12,861 13,334 47,683 13,775 32,867 17,609 17, 614 47,488 16,020 20,683 12,253 14, 649 12,283 16, 196 20,031 13,711 23,416. 14,762 46,684 17,746 15,988 17,081 25,338 18,623 15,647 13,658 16,075 14, 181 14, 370 14,359 14,568 34,006 41,426 38,052 13,664 39,700 17,739 13,466 32,463 24, 107 17, 454 16,296 12,622 12,416 23,083 35,417 14,476 11,880 28,463 26,815 26,993 18,769 14,700 33,010 33,003 12,757 24,642 26,129 20, 184 17, 146 14, 617 48,496 11,389 33,246 16,928 22,881 12,365 26,271 13, 447 19,393 31,499 13,703 22,175 18,726 15,470 46,606 19,653 34,305 17,596 38,674 48,749 13,564 12,246 46, 194 15,719 34,586 16,681 17,360 36,255 16,141 21,058 12,983 16,768 13,248 16,866 17, 971 12,687 16, 969 117.6 107.8 99.5 95.6 103.0 91.2 99.6 100.0 89.7 92.3 103.6 93.5 112.0 91.9 114.2 86.4 96.6 96.6 101.0 91.7 91.2 112.8 108.3 102.1 99.6 128.8 104.6 103.3 123.2 93.6 112.8 126.6 100.5 105.3 94.0 101.5 94.5 99.5 126.1 87.9 111.6 111.6 90.7 98.1 126.3 101.8 88.2 95.6 119.6 96.5 98.0 96.6 92.1 101.1 94.1 93.0 102.0 100.9 113.7 110.2 103.8 98.2 94.8 108.9 105.3 87.6 95.0 113.0 100.9 105.8 97.7 94.4 92.9 92.7 96.0 111.5 108.1 138.0 106 ' ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. MALES TO 100 FEMALES IN THE POPULATION OF CITIES OF 100,000 INHABITANTS OR MORE: 1910. Table 31 TOTAL POPULATION. NATITE WHITE: 1910 Foreign- bom white: 1910 Negro: 1910 CITY. TOTAL POPULATION. NATIVE white: 1910 Foreign- born white: 1910 aiT. 1910 1900 Native parent- age. Foreign or mixed parent- age. 1910 1900 Native parent- age. Foreign or mixed parent- age. Negro: 1910 Albany N Y 92.9 92.7 92.4 102.8 96.7 106.1 100.6 91.7 106.3 95.4 106.6 101.6 101.9 101.3 106.6 93.4 97.4 98.7 105.5 103.6 103.9 94.1 94.1 102.2 102.8 109.2 89.6 91.7 85.3 91.6 104.5 96.1 99.3 98.6 93.8 103.4 93.1 101.8 101.7 97.6 99.0 95.1 92.0 94.2 97.5 101.6 102.1 97.2 94.6 89.9 104.5 97.1 ,103.5 90.2 93.3 97.8 92.6 105.3 96.1 102.2 100.2 88.8 103.8 97.9 101.6 99.7 99.9 100.2 105.4 92.9 95.9 97.2 102.7 102.6 99.8 96.2 89.3 108.6 98.0 111.4 95.2 89.4 91.0 91.6 101.3 97.1 95.2 93.5 94.8 95.8 87.5 95.6 90.5 89.1 93.3 95.4 94.6 87.6 90.5 97.6 94.2 90.2 87.0 93.0 94.7 91.8 92.6 85.1 98.9 150.4 100.6 146.8 95.8 122.3 112.8 90.2 121.1 105.9 124.6 135.6 144.0 115.8 122.9 92.1 116.4 134.4 120.5 132.3 121.8 103.6 97.3 147.4 128.0 132.8 111.4 92.0 81.0 85.6 96.3 96.6 97.3 111.1 89.8 105.9 101.8 105.7 113.9 104.6 96. S 108.3 96.1 109.1 98.1 102.7 101.7 94.0 93.7 92.9 95.2 137.1 80.0 New Haven, Conn 99.7 92.8 99.9 100.$ 101. S 98. S lOS.l 108. S 99.6 108.7 109.3 98.9 96.4 105.1 134.6 96.7 91.3 98.7 101.5 108.6 131.6 102.0 136.2 122.7 100.6 101.1 91.3 101.2 99.4 90.1 98.5 98. B 103.0 96.8 102.8 105. B 96.8 96.7 111.6 97.4 96.2 106.0 142.4 94.0 88.6 91.1 100.4 107.3 117.1 100.8 176.7 135.0 94.1 99.1 90.0 99.6 94.8 97.6 98.0 99.1 100.6 91.4 100.6 105.3 96.1 99.9 108.8 94.2 95.1 99.0 123.7 93.2 93.6 97.4 99.9 111.9 126.9 96.7 126.1 115.3 98.3 99.0 93.4 95.2 94.3 86.4 95.8 98. S 95.9 94.6 97.9 101.8 94.1 91.8 98.8 94,7 94.4 95.1 105.0 93.2 93.5 91.0 91.9 96.1 101.1 92.0 104.1 104.5 90.3 .94.3 91.9 94.7 111.4 112.1 105.1 103. a 109.8 105.0 115.1 m.6 110.6 130.6 12s. 8 107.0 102.9 128.7 172.7 103.3 127.2 112.6 126.9 126.2 162.4 127.2 179.6 171.6 123.2 120.2 113.0 116.1 92.5 Atlanta, Ga 84.7 •Rjiltimnrn^ Md NewYork,N.Y Boston, Mass . Manhattan Borough Bronx Borough..:.. Brooklyn Borough Queens Borough 86. IB 86. e 82.2 Buffalo, N.'Y Richmond Borough Newark.N.J 83.1 Ctiieago, 111 .... 89.6 112.0 Oakland, Cal... . Omaha, Ncbr 116.2 Paterson, N. J 85.6 Philadelphia, Pa Denver, Colo 108.8 Detroit, Mich 139.1 Providence, R. I 94.1 Fall River, Mass 85.0 Grand Rapids, Mich 93.2 Jersey City, iST. J 101.7 Kansas City, Mo Rt. Paul, Minn 153.5 San Francisco, Cal 166.1 Los Angeles, Cal Scran ton. Pa 116.4 TyOuisTille, Ky Seattle, Wash 154.5 Lowell Mass Spokane, Wash 117.8 Syracuse, N. Y 106.2 Toledo, Ohio. . 99.7 Washington, D. C 82.2 Nashviflp Tenn Worcester, Mass 84.9 1 Batio not shown, the number of females being less than 100. 2 Includes population of Allegheny for 1900. POPULATION 21 YEARS OF AGE AND OVEE. ALL PEBSONS 21 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER. General summary ; 1910. — Persons 21 years of age and over have certain special legal rights with reference to property, the elective franchise, and other matters. This class of the population is further significant from the social and economic standpoint, in that it includes the great majority of breadwinners and also the great majority of married men and women. From the po- litical standpoint particular interest attaches to sta- tistics regarding males 21 years of age and over, although in several states women of that age also now have the right to vote at all elections. For the United States, exclusive of Alaska, Hawaii, Porto Rico, and other outlying possessions, the total population 21 years of age and over in 1910 was 51,554,905, representing 56.1 per cent of the total population of all ages. This total includes 26,999,151 males and 24,555,754 females, the number of males being 10 per cent greater than the number of females. Table 32, show- ing the number of each sex in 1910 for each of the principal classes of population, discloses an excess of males in each specified class except that made up of native whites of foreign or mixed parentage. Of a total excess of males amounting to 2,443,397, the foreign-born whites contributed 1,639,709. As regards color or race, nativity, and parentage, the composition of the female population 21 years of age and over differs from that of the male in having smaller percentages of foreign-born whites, Chinese, and Japanese, and larger percentages of the other race and nativity classes, these differences being attributable mainly to the fact, previously noted, that immigrants include many more males than females. Thus 20.4 per cent of the. adult female population in 1910 were foreign-bom whites, as compared with 24.6 per cent of the male, while 69.4 per cent of the former and 65.6 per cent of the latter were native whites and 9.9 and 9.1 per cent, respectively, were negroes. Table 32 CLASS OP POPULATION. Total Native white — Native parentage Native white — Foreign or mixed parentage Foroign-bom white Negro - Indian Chinese, Japanese, and all other. MALES 21 TEAR3 OE AGE AND OVER. Number. 2e, 999, 151 13,211,731 4,498,966 6,646,817 2,458,873 62,967 119, 797 Percent of total. 100.0 48.9 16.7 24.6 9.1 0.2 0.4 FEMALES 21 YEAE3 OP AGE AND OVEK. Number. Percent of total. 24,565,754 12,484,481 4,567,647 5,007,108 2,427,742 60,169 8,607 100.0 60.8 18.6 20.4 9.9 0.2 (') Males to 100 fe- males. 110.0 105. a 98.5 132.7 101.3 104.7 1,391.9 ■ Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. Sex ratios, by divisions and states. — Table 33 gives, for 1910 and 1900, the total number of each sex, and also the number of males to 100 females, in the popu- lation 21 years of age and over, by geographic divi- sions and states. Considered by geographic divisions, the number of men to 100 women in 1910 ranged from 98.8 in New England — the only division in which women outnum- bered men — to 144.9 in the Pacific division and 148.6 MALES 21 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER. 107 in the MountaiQ division. The ratios for the divisions last named -were exceptionally high, the highest ratio elsewhere being 1 16.2 to 100 for the West North Central division. Table 33 population 21 TEARS OF AOE AND OVER. 1910 1900 Male. Female. Males to 100 fe- males. Male. Female. Males to 100 fe- males. United States 26,999,161 24,656,761 110.0 21,134,299 19,647,708 107.6 GKOQBAPmo divisions: New England 2,0i9,096 6,920,501 5,604,500 3,493,637 3,071,428 2,096,186 2,261,366 913,558 1,618,879 2,043,998 5,608,188 8,133,680 3,006,774 3,007,118 •2,037,064 1,987,760 614,736 1, 117, 436 98.8 105.6 109.2 116.2 102.1 102.9 113.8 148.6 144.9 1,707,055 4, 557, 812 4,624,078 2,921,551 2,496,785 1,794,415 1,584,099 563,499 884,105 1,762,289 4,466,941 4,294,362 2,601,239 2,499,998 1,762,742 1,397,960 372, 124 601,053 96 9 Middle Atlantic East North Central. . . . West Nortli Central . . . South Atlantic East South Central.... West South Central . . . MmiTit*vin 102.1 107.7 U6.-8 99.9 102.4 113.3 161.4 Pacific 147.1 New ENGLiND: Maine 235,727 136,668 113,506 1,021,669 163,834 347,692 2,836,773 774,702 2,309,026 1,484,265 822,434 1,743,182 870, 876 683,743 642,669 663, 672 973,062 173,890 178, 189 363, 626 508,529 61,887 367,908 103,761 623,532 338,349 606, 134 335,046 620,616 214, 195 603,454 552,668 513, 111 426,953 395,824 414, 919 447,266 1,003,367 155, 017 110,863 63,201 271, 648 94,637 74, 051 104, 115 40,026 441,294 257,188 920,397 225,736 135,372 106,883 1,074,485 166,391 335, 131 2,757,621 736, 659 2,114,008 1,398,341 770,658 1,567,491 786,033 611, 157 512,411 603,644 896, 152 122,406 134, 187 298,040 438,934 58,442 373,819 116, 148 518,473 284,969 519,476 343,958 613,149 178,686 679,756 642,408 601,959 412, 941 351,994 396,364 366, 194 884,218 81,741 69,818 28,840 213,425 73,162 43,891 85,729 18,140 277,727 168,323 671,386 104.4 101.0 106.2 95.1 98.5 103.7 102.9 106.2 109.2 106.1 106.7 111.2 110.8 111.9 125.4 109.9 108.6 142.1 132.8 118.7 115.9 105.9 98.4 89.3 101.0 118.7 97.4 97.4 101.2 119.9 104.1 101.9 102.2 103.4 112.5 104.9 125.6 113.5 189.6 158.8 219.1 127.3 129.4 168.7 121.4 220.7 158.9 152.8 137.1 217,663 130,987 108,356 843,465 127, 144 280,340 2,184,965 555,608 1,817,239 1,212,223 720,206 1,401,456 719,478 670, 715 606,794 636,298 856,684 95,217 112, 681 301,091 413,786 54,018 321,903 83,823 447,815 247,970 417,578 283,325 500,752 139, 601 643,996 487,380 413,862 349, 177 313,836 326,943 206,552 737,768 101,931 53,932 37,898 185,708 55,067 44,081 67,172 17,710 196,572 144,446 544,087 211,960 131,475 103,819 902,534 133,314 279,187 2,193,675 548,692 1,723,674 1,176,167 677,572 1,280,144 650, 671 610,908 403,320 565,263 780, 687 63,357 86,507 245, 078 857,027 51,286 328,631 94,464 452,543 218,894 438, 694 292,667 504,381 118,648 620,921 477,892 414,313 339,616 278,642 318,009 158,543 642,866 48,648 31,316 16,613 136,462 43,304 25, 197 61,212 9,472 111,043 96,062 394,948 102.7 New Hampshire Vermont 99.6 104.4 93.6 96.4 100.4 Middle Atlantic: New York 99.6 New Jersey . 101.3 Pf^Tisyivania 105.4 East North Centkal: Ohio 103.2 TnrlfftTirt. . . 106.3 niinnis 109.5 Michigan . 110.6 Wisconsin 111.7 West North Central: MiTiTifls'ita 125.7 Iowa 112.4 109.7 North Dalcota , South Dakota 150.3 130.3 122.9 115.9 South Atlantic: Delaware 105.3 98.0 Disteict of Columbia... Virginia. 88.7 99.0 West Virginia 113.3 North Carolina South Carolina Georgia . 96.8 99.3 Florida East South Central: K"ontnr,Vy 104.4 Alabama 102.8 West South Central: 112.7 102.5 130.3 114.8 Louisiana Texas Mountain: Montana 210.0 Idaho 172.2 Wyoming 228.1 136.1 Nsw Mexico '- 127.2 Utah 109.7 Nevada Pactpic: 176.1 161.9 137.8 I Includes population of Indian Territory for 1900. Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Maryland, North Car- oliaa, and South CaroHna were the only states in 1910 in which women outnumbered men. The District of Columbia, however, showed a larger proportion of women than any of the states. There were two states, Nevada and Wyoming, in which men outnumbered women by more than 2 to 1 and five other states in which there were more than 150 men to every 100 women. These states are aU in the Mountain and Pacific divisions. In a majority of the states, ,as indicated by the sex ratios, as well as in the United States as a whole, the number of men increased between 1900 and 1910 faster than the number of women. For the United States the number of men to every 100 women increased from 107.6 in 1900 to 110 in 1910. The states in which the ratio increased include all those east of the Missis- sippi River except Kentucky and Tennessee, but only six states west of that river. MALES 21 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER. United States as a whole. — Table 34 shows, for 1910 and 1900, the number of males 21 years of age and over by color or race, nativity, and parentage groups, in comparison with the corresponding groups of the ' total population. Table 34 MALES 21 TEARS OF AGE AND OVER. CLASS OP population. TOTAL population. Number. Per cent of total population. 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 Total 91,972,266 81,731,957 9,827,763 265, 683 71,531 72, 157 3,176 68,386,412 49, 488, .576 12,916,311 6,981,526 13,345,545 75,994,575 66,809,196 8,833,994 237, 196 89,863 24,326 26,999,161 24, .357, 5 14 2,458,873 62,967 60,421 66, 638 2,738 17,710,697 13,211,731 3,216,082 1,283,884 6,646,817 21,134,299 18, 918, 697 2,060,302 57,077 81,018 17,205 29.4 29.8 25.0 23.7 84.6 78.6 86.2 26.9 26.7 24.9 21.5 49.8 27.8 White 28.3 Negro 23.3 24.1 Chinese 90.2 70.7 AU other Native white Native parentage Foreign par Mixed parentage Foreign-Dom white 56,596,379 40,949,362 10,632,280 6,013,737 10,213,817 14,014,427 10,569,743 2,535,761 908,933 4,904,270 24.8 25.8 23.8 18.1 48.0 In 1910 there were in the United States 26,999,151 men 21 years of age and over, constituting 29.4 per cent of the total population, as compared with 21,134,299, constituting 27.8 per cent of the popu- lation, in 1900. Men of 21 and over formed 67 per cent of the total male population in 1910 and 54.4 per cent in 1900. It should not be assumed that these statistics show the number of men having the right to vote. Aside from the fact that the totals given include unnatural- ized persons of foreign birth, there are in some of the states restrictions, chiefly based on property and edu- cation, which further limit the number of men 21 years of age and over who can vote. In 1910 men of 21 and over constituted 29.8 per cent of the white population, as compared with 25 per cent of the negro. This difference is mainly due to the fact that many of the whites are foreign bom, and the foreign bom consist more largely of adults and of males than the natives. Nearly one-half (49.8 per cent) of the foreign-born white population in 1910 consisted of men 21 years of age and over, while of the native white population hardly more than one- fourth (25.9 per cent) were men of that age. 108 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. In each of the color or race, nativity, and parentage groups shown in Table 34 (except the relatively unim- portant groups of Indians and Chinese) males of 21 and over constituted a larger proportion of the popula- tion in 1910 than in 1900. In the case of the foreign- born whites this change indicates a larger proportion of males among the immigrants than formerly. In the other classes it reflects a change in the age distribution of the population, the exact nature and cause of which can only be determined by a detailed study of the age statistics. Table 35 shows the number of males 21 years of age and over in specified classes of the population in 1910 and 1900, with the citizenship of foreign-born whites, and the increase dujing the decade. Table 35 MALES 21 TEARS OF AGE AND OVER. CLASS or POPXn,ATION AKD CITIZENSHIP. 1910 1990 Increase:! 1900-1910 Per cent of total. Number. Per cent. 1910 1900 Total 26,999,151 24,357,614 2,458,873 62, 967 60,421 56,638 2,738 17,710,697 13,211,731 3,215,082 1,283,884 6,646,817 3, 034, 117 670,772 2,266,535 775, 393 21,134,299 18,918,897 2,060,302 57,077 81,018 17,205 6,884,862 6,438,817 398,671 6,890 -20,597 39,433 2,738 3,696,270 2,641,988 679,331 374,951 1,742,547 188,644 158,874 1,351,618 43,411 27.8 28.7 19.3 10.3 -25.4 229.2 26.4 25.0 26.8 41.3 35.6 6.6 38.8 147.7 6.9 100.0 90.2 9.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 (?) 66.6 48.9 11.9 4.8 24.6 11.2 2.1 8.4 2.9 ioo.o White 89.6 Negro 9.7 0.3 0.4 0.1 Another Native- white Native parentage. . Foreign parentage. Mised parentage . . Foreign-bom white.. Naturalized Having first papers Alien. 14,014,427 10,669,743 2,535,751 908,933 4,904,270 2,845,473 411,898 914,917 731,982 66.3 60.0 12.0 4.3 23.2 13.5 1.9 4.3 Citizenship not re- ported 3.5 1 A minus sign ( — ) denotes decrease. 2 Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. The number of males 21 and over increased 5,864,852, or 27.8 per cent, between 1900 and 1910. This is a much higher rate of increase than that in the total population, which was 21 per cent. Chiefly on account of the marked predominance of adult males among the foreign-born whites, the distribution of the total number of men of 21 and over among the several color or race, nativity, and parentage groups, as shown in the above table, differs considerably from the distribution of the total population among those groups, as shown in a preceding table (Table 1). Practically one-fourth (24.6 per cent) of the male population 21 years of age and over in 1910 were foreign-born whites, as compared with 14.5 per cent of the total population. Native whites of native parentage constituted 48.9 per cent of the total adult male population and 53.8 per cent of the total population. The corresponding percentages for native whites of foreign or mixed parentage were 16.7 and 20.5, respectively. The percentage of negroes in the male population of 2 1 and over was 9. 1 , as compared with 10.7 in the total population. The proportion of foreign-born whites in the whole number of males 21 years of age and over was higher in 1910 than in 1900, while that of the two principal native white groups and of aU colored races except the Japanese was lower. Of the 6,646,817 foreign-bom whites in 1910, 3,034,117, or 45.6 per cent, were returned as natural- ized; in 1900 the percentage naturalized was 68. The naturahzed foreign-born whites in 1910 constituted 11.2 per cent of the total male population 21 years of age and over. Those reported as aliens in 1910 numbered 2,266,535, or considerably more than twice the number so reported in 1900. It is probable that most of the considerable number of foreign-bom whites whose condition as to citizenship was not re- ported were also aliens. The increase in the propor- tion of ahens reflects the fact *hat a larger proportion of the foreign-bom whites in 1910 were recent arrivals than was the case in 1900. Divisions and states. — Statistics regarding males 21 years of age and over, by divisions and states, are pre- sented in Table 36 on a subsequent page. The relative importance of the principal color or race, nativity, and parentage classes in the adult male population is graphically shown in the diagram on the opposite page. Marked differences appear among the divisions and states with respect to the proportion which naen of 21 and over form of the total population. These differ- ences are due to differences in the ratio of males to females (compare Tables 23, 25, and 26) or to differ- ences in the age distribution of the population, or to both causes combined. States which receive large accessions to their population, either from foreign countries or from other parts of the United States, have in general a materially larger proportion of men of 21 and over in their population than the other states. Among the geographic divisions, the Pacific and the Mountain diAdsions showed the highest proportions in 1910 (38.6 per cent and 34.7 per cent, respectively). Very little difference appears among the four northern divisions, in each of which the proportion was prac- ticaUy three-tenths, while in each of the three divisions of the South the proportion was about one-fourth. In every division, and in fact in every state except New Hampshire, Montana, and Colorado, the proportion of males 21 years of age and over was higher in 1910 than in 1900. In the three southern divisions, where there are comparatively few foreign bom, the distribution of males 21 years of age and over among the several color or race, nativity, and parentage groups is not ma- terially different from the corresponding distribution of the total population. (Compare percentages in the last ten columns of Table 36 with percentages in Table 14.) In the North and West, however, chiefly because MALES 21 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER. 109 of the high proportion of adult males among the foreign- born whites, the distribution of the men of 21 and over among the several classes differs materially from the distribution of the total population. ,In the New England and Middle Atlantic divisions native whites of native parentage constituted in 1910 not more than two-fifths of the men of 21 and over and only slightly exceeded the foreign-bom whites in num- ber. Nearly three-fifths of the total number of men 21 years of age and over in these two divisions were either bofn abroad or had one or both parents born abroad. In the East North Central, West North Cen- tral, Mountain, and Pacific divisions, also, less than half the males of 21 and over were native whites of native parentage. In Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New York, Wis- consin, Minnesota, North Dakota, and Utah less than one-third of the men of 21 and over in 1910 were native whites of native parentage. In each of the states just named except Utah, and also in Connecti- cut, New Jersey, Illinois,. Michigan, Montana, Arizona, and Washington, more than one-third of the total number were foreign-born whites, the proportion in fact exceeding two-fifths in 7' out of the 13 states. Taking the United States as a whole, the percentage of foreign-born whites in the total male population 21 years of age and over increased from 23.2 in 1900 to 24.6 in 1910. This, however, was the net result of diverse changes in different parts of the coimtry, the changes in some sections being much more pronounced. In all the New England and Middle Atlantic states there was an increase, and in most cases a marked in- crease, in the percentage of foreign-bom whites in the total male population 2 1 years of age and over. In New York the percentage increased from 38 in 1900 to 43 in 1910; in Massachusetts, from 40.7 to 44.4; and in Pennsylvania, from 26.7 to 32.1. In three of the' East North Central states — Ohio, Indiana, and Illi- nois — the percentage of foreign-bom whites in tliis class of the population increased; in Michigan and Wis- consin, on the other hand, the percentage decreased. It decreased also in every West North Central state — from 58.3 to 45.8 in North Dakota, from 40.3 to 30.6 in South Dakota, and from 51.5 to 46.4 in Jiinnesota, the other states of the division showing less striking decreases. The percentage either remained practi- cally stationary or decreased somewhat in every Moim- taia state except Arizona. In two of the Pacific states, Washington and Oregon, the percentage increased, while in California it declined slightly. In none of the Southern states were the changes in the percent- age of foreign-born whites among males 21 years and over very notable except in West Virginia, where the percentage increased from 5.2 in 1900 to 10.3 in 1910. COLOR OR RACE, NATIVITY, AND PARENTAGE OF MALES 21 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER: 1910. MAPNE E MONT w////m/m//W/ IDAHO WYO. ^77777, v/////^ /y/yyy.- //^///A^/ ^^^ ARIZ. ^^^^^^ ^^^^^^: '///MW/A COLO. ^ ^^^ ?^^ w///M''////y} y//m. *m»i S.8gg?5S68SgiViOViW>' MHX. ^^^^^^^^^^^^2 NEV. ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^Z^ZKSS ^^^IZgA ^^^gl'ZlZgZZlIZ o WASH. Y/////Mm-^/////A y///^^ ^^ w//^///y/''^y/y''/y^''y/'^/''^^^^ ' g OREG. ^^^^^^S2s2^ZS5^Z tz^f^nazk 'gzm NATIVE WHrTE- NATIVE PARENTAGE h^S^ FOREIGN-BORN WHITE NATIVE WHITE -FOREIGN OR MIXED PARENTAGE NEGRO AND ALL OTHER 110 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. MALES 21 YEAES OP AGE AND OVER, [Per cent not shown where base is less than 100. Table 36 DIVISION AND STATE. males 21 TEABS OF AGE AND OVER. Total. Increase : 1900-1910 Per cent ol total population. White. Negro. Indian: 1910 Chi- nese: 1916 • 1910 1900 1910 1900 Per cent of in- crease. 1910 1900 Per cent ol in- crease. Jap- anese: 1910 Number. Per cent. 1910 1900 1 United States Geogeaphic divisions: New England Middle Atlantic East North Central... West North Central.. South Atlantic East South Central . . . West South Central.. 26,999,161 31,134,299 5,864,852 27.8 29.4 27.8 24,367,514 18,918,697 28.7 2,458,873 2,060,302 19.3 62,967 60,421 66,838 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 2,019,098 5,920,601 6,604,600 3,493,637 3,071,428 2, 096, 186 2,261,366 913,558 1,618,879 1,707,955 4,667,812 4,624,078 2,921,551 2,496,785 1,794,415 1,684,099 563,499 884,105 311,141 1,362,689 980,422 572,086 674,643 301,771 677,267 350,069 734,774 18.2 29.9 21.2 19.6 23.0 16.8 42.8 62.1 83.1 30.8 30.7 30.7 30.0 26.2 24.9 26.7 34.7 38.6 30.'5 29.6 28.9 28.2 23.9 23.8 24.3 33.6 36.6 1,992,996 5,770,811 6,489,013 3,398,100 2,112,547 1,452,776 1,756,641 871,401 1,614,229 1,684,707 4,441,289 4,532,027 2,839,805 1,676,493 1,227,076 1,183,844 528,651 804,805 18.3 29.9 21.1 19.7 26.0 18.4 48.3 64.8 88.1 22,074 138,750 107,170 83,219 966,364 642,460 488,815 8,992 12,029 18,761 104,667 85,382 70,319 817,224 566,371 385,363 6,824 5,601 17.7 32.7 25.5 18.3 16.9 13.4 26.8 31.8 118.7 635 2,116 4,909 10,348 2,001 577 15,333 18,454 8,594 3,166 7,506 3,020 1,079 1,404 345 1,166 6,060 37,676 219 1,381 382 865 106 321 9,ffil in Pacific 43,941 ■New England: Maine 11 235,727 136,668 113,606 1,021,669 1&3,834 347,692 2,836,773 774,702 2,309,026 1,484,265 822,434 1,743,182 870,876 683.743 642,669 663,672 973,062 173,890 178,189 353,626 508,529 61,887 367,908 103,761 623,532 338,349 506,134 336,046 620,616 214,195 603,454 552,668 513,111 426,953 395,824 414,919 447,266 1,003,357 165,017 110,863 63,201 271,648 94,637 74,051 104,115 40,026 441,294 257,188 920,397 217,663 130,987 108,356 843,465 127,144 280,340 2,184,965 565,608 1,817,239 1,212,223 720,206 1,401,456 719,478 670,715 506,794 635,298 856,684 95,217 112,681 301,091 413,786 54,018 321,903 83,828 447,815 247,970 417,578 283,325 600,752 139,601 543,996 487,380 413,862 349,177 313,836 325,943 206,552 737,768 101,931 53,932 37,898 185,708 65,067 44,081 67,172 17,710 195,672 144,446 544,087 18,064 5,681 6,150 178,204 36,690 67,352 661,808 219,094 491,787 272,042 102,228 341, 726 151,398 113,028 135,875 28,374 116,378 78,673 6e,508 52,536 94,743 7,869 46,005 19,938 76,717 90,379 88,556 61,721 119,864 74,594 59,458 66,288 99,249 77,776 81,988 88,976 240,714 265,689 63,086 66,931 25,303 85,940 39,570 29,970 36,943 22,316 245,722 112,742 376,310 8.3 4.3 4.8 21.1 28.9 24.0 29.8 39.4 27.1 22.4 14.2 24.4 21.0 19.8 26.8 4.5 13.6 82.6 58. 1 17.4 22.9 14.6 14.3 23.8 16.9 36.4 21.2 18.3 23.9 63.4 10.9 13.4 24.0 22.3 26.1 27.3 116.6 36.0 52.1 105.6 66.8 46.3 71.9 68.0 55.0 126.0 126.6 78.1 69.2 31.8 31.7 31.9 30.3 30.2 31.2 31.1 30.5 30.1 31.1 30.5 30.9 31.0 29.3 31.0 29.8 29.6 30.1 30.6 29.7 30.1 30.6 28.4 31.3 25.4 27.7 22.9 22.1 2.3.8 28.5 26.4 25.3 24.0 23.8 25.1 25.0 27.0 25.7 41.2 34.0 43.3 34.0 28.9 36.2 27.9 48.9 38.6 38.2 38.7 31.3 31.8 31.5 30.1 29.7 30.9 30.1 29.5 28.8 29.2 28.6 29.1 29.7 27.6 28.9 28.5 27.6 29.8 28.1 28.2 28.1 29.2 27.1 30.1 24.2 26.9 22.0 21.1 22.6 26.4 25.3 24.1 22.6 22.5 23.9 2S.6 26.1 24.2 41.9 33.3 41.0 34.4 28.2 35.9 24.3 41.8 37.7 34.9 36.6 234,866 136,393 112,513 1,006,431 160,412 342,392 2,783,371 744,843 2,242,597 1,444,477 801,431 1,701,042 862,222 679,841 636,903 657,914 919,480 171,941 172,722 348,915 490,225 52,804 303,561 75,765 363,669 315,498 357,611 165,769 363,669 124,311 527,661 433,431 298,943 192,741 284,301 240,001 395,377 835,962 148,733 . 107,469 69,698 264,603 88,733 65,097 100,436 36,632 422,679 245,343 846,207 216,856 130,648 108,027 830,049 124,001 275, 126 2,145,067 .'132,750 1,763,482 1,180,699 701,761 1,370,209 712,245 667,213 502,384 630,666 809,797 93,237 107,353 297,817 398,662 45,592 260,979 60,318 301,379 233,129 289,263 130,375 277,496 77,962 469,206 375,046 232,294 150,530 226,597 177,878 179,408 599,961 94,873 50,328 36,262 181,616 60,804 34,911 65,205 14,652 183,999 131,261 489,545 8.3 4.4 4.2 21.2 29.4 24.4 29.8 39.8 27.2 22.4 14.2 24.1 21.1 19.9 26.8 4.3 13.5 84.4 60.9 17.2 23.0 16.8 16.3 25.6 20.7 35.3 23.6 27.1 27.4 59.6 12.5 15.6 28.7 28.0 25.5 34.9 120.4 39.3 56.8 113.5 64.6 46.7 74.7 86.5 64.0 150.0 129.7 86.9 72.9 476 200 975 12,591 3,067 4,765 45,87V 28,601 64,272 39,188 20,651 39,983 6,266 1,082 3,390 5,443 62,921 311 341 3,225 17,588 9,050 63,963 27,621 159,593 22,757 146,752 169, 155 266,814 89,659 75,694 119,142 213,923 233,701 111,366 174,211 36,841 166,398 851 328 1,325 4,283 644 764 568 229 3,120 766 8,143 446 230 289 10,456 2,765 4,576 31,425 21,474 51,668 31,236 18,186 29,762 6,193 1,006 2,168 4,441 46,418 115 184 2,298 14,696 8,374 60,406 23,072 146,122 14,786 127,114 152,860 223,073 61,417 74,728 112,236 181,471 197,936 87,157 147,348 13,973 136,875 711 130 481 3,215 775 1,084 358 70 1,230 560 3,711 7.0 -13.0 237.4 20.4 10.9 4.1 •46.0 33.2 24.4 26.5 13.6 34.3 20.7 7.6 56.4 22.6 14.0 170.4 85.3 40.3 19.7 8.1 5.9 19.7 9.2 63.9 15.4 10.7 19.6 46.0 1.3 6.2 17.9 18.1 27.8 18.2 163.7 21.6 19.7 1.52.3 175. 5 33.2 -16.9 -29.5 58.7 153.7 36.8 119.4 288 11 9 207 74 46 1,706 73 337 41 74 63 2,126 2,601 2,075 205 79 1,651 4,991 835 612 is" 22 133 8 1,703 71 24 27 48 46 181 302 95 154 14,880 204 2,766 1,039 419 324 4,793 6,701 8gS 1,627 2,8iS 1,23s 4,501 101 63 8 2,310 253 431 4,817 1,033 1,656 501 243 1,857 229 190 248 80 499 .35 98 106 13 29 359 312 136 84 66 49 206 183 42 40 57 206 54 441 129 542 1,168 811 219 341 280 1,166 324 801 2,304 £,710 38,661 7 12 13 New Hampshire. Vermont 1 1 14 15 Massachusetts 124 28 Ifi Connecticut . 58 17 Middle Atlantic: New York 987 IS 152 19 PpTinsyivania 162 ''n East Nobth Central: Ohio 68 91 33 09 Illinois 23B 9^ 33 94 Wisconsin 29 9'i West North Central: MiTiTippota 51 96 27 ?7 Miasonri 80 28 29 SO North Dakota South Dakota Nebraska 52 37 527 SI Kf^i.Qas 91 19 South Atlantic: Delaware 4 IS 12 34 S'i District oJ Columbia. . 36 11 36 37 38 S9 West Virginia North Carolina South Carolina 2 2 2 3 40 Florida 34 41 East South Central: Kentucky 9 49 8 IS Alabama 4 1 4'i 'West South Central: Arkansas 9 4fi 25 47 39 48 41 Texas Mountain: Montana 248 1,486 •in Idaho 1,206 ■51 1,463 ■19 Colorado 2,016 ■iS 287 ■14 Arizona 323 ■is Utah 1,889 782 ■ifi Nevada 'il Pacific: Washington 10,166 2,834 "iS Oregon ■il 30,942 1 Includes population of Indian Territory tor 1900. MALES 21 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER. Ill BY DIVISIONS AND STATES: 1910 AND 1900. A minus sign ( — ) denotes decrease. ] MALES 21 TEAKS OF AGE AND OVEE. PEE CENT OP TOTAL. Native White. Foreign-born wlilte. WUte. Negro. Native white. Fore bo whi Native parentage. Foreign or mixed parentage. 1910 1900 Per cent of in- crease. Native parentage. Foreign or mixed parentage. ign- m te. 1919 1900 Per cent of in- 1910 1900 , Per cent of in- crease. crease. 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1 18,211,731 808,405 10,669,743 788,221 2B.D 4,498,966 3,444,684 30.6 8,648,817 4,904,270 35.6 90.2 89.5 9.1 9.7 48.9 50.0 18.7 16.3 24. < 23.2 2 2.6 387,744 298,663 29.8 796,847 597,823 33.3 98.7 98.6 1.1 1.1 40.0 46.1 19.2 17.5 39.5 35.0 3 2,320,175 1,971,882 17.7 1,178,365 958,632 22.9 2,272,271 1,510,875 50.4 97.5 97.4 2.3 2.3 39.2 43.3 19.9 21.0 38.4 33.1 4 2,613,162 2,207,411 18.4 1,302,608 1,039,999 25.2 1,573,343 1,284,617 22.5 97.9 98.0 1.9 1.8 46.6 47.7 23.2 22.5 28.1 27.8 6 1,711,122 1,448,882 18.1 817,570 600,914 36.1 869,408 790,009 10.1 97.3 97.2 2.4 2.4 49.0 49.6 23.4 20.6 24.9 27.6 6 1,841,213 1,466,826 25.5 120, 669 105,484 14.4 160,666 104, 183 44.6 68.8 67.1 31.1 32.7 59.9 58.7 3.9 4.2 4.9 4.2 7 1,337,122 1,111,980 20.2 69,346 67,651 2.5 46, 308 47,445 -2.4 69.3 68.4 30.6 31.6 63.8 62.0 3.3 3.8 2.2 2.6 8 1,428,856 943,878 51.4 164,846 109,036 42.0 171,940 130,931 31.3 77.6 74.7 21.6 24.3 63.2 69.6 6.8 6.9 7.6 8.3 9 442,843 267,697 71.9 171,016 106,192 61.0 257,537 164, 862 66.2 96.4 93.8 1.0 1.2 48.6 45.7 18.7 18.8 28.2 29.3 10 708,828 373,066 90.0 296,903 168,214 87.7 508,498 273,626 85.9 93.5 91.0 0.7 0.6 43.8 42.2 18.3 17.9 31.4 30.9 11 159,769 167,377 1.5 26,622 20,964 27.0 48,464 38,515 25.8 99.6 99.6 0.2 0.2 67.8 72.3 11.3 9.6 20.6 17.7 12 76,639 82,383 -7.0 17,798 13,496 31.9 41,956 34, 769 20.7 99.8 99.7 0.1 0.2 66.1 62.9 13.0 10.3 30.7 26.6 13 69,387 68,857 0.8 19,367 18,324 6.7 23,759 20,846 14.0 99.1 99.7 0.9 0.3 61.1 63.6 17.1 16.9 20.9 19.2 14 334,346 320,943 4.2 218,484 165,584 31.9 453,601 343,622 32.0 98.5 98.4 1.2 1.2 32.7 38.1 21.4 19.6 44.4 40.7 15 48,513 44,893 8.1 36,000 25,340 42.1 75,899 63,768 41.2 97.9 97.5 1.9 2.2 29.6 35.3 22.0 19.9 46.3 42.3 16 119,751 113,768 6.3 69,473 54,955 26.4 163,168 106,403 44.0 98.5 98.1 1.4 1.6 34.4 40.6 20.0 19.6 44.1 38.0 17 909,494 782,487 16.2 652,864 633,096 22. S 1,221,013 829,474 47.2 98.1 98.2 1.6 1.4 32.1 35.8 23.0 24.4 43.0 38.0 18 281,269 224,644 25.2 153,926 111,608 38.0 309,648 196,598 57.5 96.1 96.9 3.7 3.9 36.3 40.4 19.9 20.1 40.0 35.4 19 1,129,412 964,751 17.1 371,575 313,928 18.4 741,610 484,808 63.0 97.1 97.0 2.8 2.8 48.9 53.1 16.1 17.3 32.1 26.7 20 841,566 697,956 20.6 294,443 256,966 14.6 308,478 225,688 36.7 97.3 97.4 2.6 2.6 66.7 57.6 19.8 21.2 20.8 1$.«- 21 596, 119 517,446 16.2 116,386 111,228 4.6 88,927 73,087 21.7 97.4 97.4 2.5 2.6 72.5 71.8 14.2 15.4 10.8 10.1 22 689,200 686,773 17.5 407,318 316,313 28.8 604,524 467, 123 29.4 97.6 97.8 2.3 2.1 39.5 41.9 23.4 22.6 34.7 33.3 •& 337,651 288,293 17.1 222,394 162, 637 36.8 302,177 261,415 16.6 99.0 99.0 0.7 0.7 38.8 40.1 25.6 22.6 34.7 36.3 24 148,636 116,943 27.1 261,968 192,966 35.8 269,287 267,304 4.6 99.4 99.4 0.2 0.2 21.7 20.6 38.3 38.8 39.4 45.1 25 136,494 104,577 29.6 203, 127 137,064 48.2 298,282 260, 763 14.4 99.1 99.1 0.6 0.4 21.1 20.6 31.6 27.0 46.4 51.5 26 333,621 321,613 3.8 177,413 161, 246 17.8 146, 880 157,906 -7.0 99.1 99.3 0.8 0.7 60.3 60.5 26.7 23.8 22.1 24.9 27 630,878 561,438 14.4 167,198 145,876 14.6 121,404 112,483 7.9 94.6 94.5 5.4 5.4 64.8 64.4 17.2 17.0 12.5 13.1 28 43,358 19,777 119.2 48,862 17,902 172.9 79,721 55,658 43. S 98.9 97.9 0.2 0.1 24.9 20.8 28.1 18.8 45.8 68.3 29 65,769 35,381 85.9 52,425 26,526 97.6 64,528 45,446 20.0 96.9 95.3 0.2 0.2 36.9 31.4 29.4 23.5 30.6 40.3 30 168,569 147,508 14.3 86,011 59,384 44.8 94,846 90,926 3.8 98.7 98.9 0.9 0.8 47.7 49.0 24.3 19.7 26.7 89.2 31 333,443 268,688 24.1 82,534 62,926 31.2 74,24$ 66,938 10.9 96.4 96.3 3.5 3.6 65.6 64.9 16.2 16.2 14.6 16.2 32 37,677 33,270 13.2 6,351 5,575 13.9 8,776 6,747 30.1 85.3 84.4 14.6 15.5 60.9 61.6 10.3 16.3 14.2 12.5 33 203,284 172, 003 18.2 52,304 46,966 11.4 47,973 42,011 14.2 82.5 81.1 17.4 18.8 56.3 53.4 14.2 14.6 13.0 13.1 34 49,949 39,657 26.3 14,078 11, 161 26.1 11,738 9,600 22.3 73.0 72.0 26.6 27.5 48.1 47.2 13.6 13.3 11.3 11.6 3S 338,098 280, 881 20.4 10,679 9,413 13.4 14,882 11,085 34.3 69.5 67.3 30.5 32.6 64.6 62.7 2.0 2.1 2.8 2.6 36 264,694 205, 216 29.0 16, 117 15,035 7.2 34,687 12,87$ 169.4 9S.2 94.0 6.7 6.0 78.2 82.$ 4.8 6.1 10.3 6.2 37 352,032 284,601 23.7 2,283 2,211 3.3 3,296 2,451 34.5 70.7 69.3 29.0 30.4 69.6 •68.2 0.5 O.S 0.7 0.8 38 169,009 124, 097 28.1 3,405 3,299 3.2 3,355 2,979 12.6 49.5 46.0 60.5 64.0 47.5 43.8 1.0 1.2 1.0 1.1 39 337,267 263,929 27.8 7,789 6,860 13.5 8,S13 6,707 26.9 57.0 65.4 43.0 44.5 64.3 62.7 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.3 40 99,203 63,272 56.8 7,663 4,966 54.3 17,446 9,725 79.4 58.0 66.8 41.9 44.0 46.3 46.3 3.6 3.6 8.1 7.9 41 464,524 402,244 15.5 42,697 41,823 2.1 20,440 25,139 -18.7 87.4 86.3 12.6 13.7 77.0 73.9 7.1 7.7 3.4 4.6 42 411,200 353,621 16.3 12, 119 11,916 1.7 10,112 9,609 6.3 78.4 77.0 21.6 23.0 74.4 72.6 2.2 2.4 1.8 2.9 43 279, 957 216,050 29.6 8,465 8,162 3.7 10,521 8,082 30.2 68.3 56.1 41.7 43.8 54.6 52.2 1.6 2.0 2.1 2.0 44 181,441 140,065 29.5 6,065 5,750 6.5 5,235 4,716 11.0 45.1 43.1 54.7 66.7 42.5 40.1 1.4 1.6 1.2 1.4 4S 263,215 208,967 26.0 11,368 9,352 21.6 9,718 8,278 17.4 71.8 72.2 28.1 27.8 66. S 66.6 2.9 3.0 2.5 2.6 46 179, 778 121,356 48.1 33,704 31, 182 8.1 26,519 26,340 4.7 67.8 64.6 42.0 45.2 43.3 37.2 8.1 9.6 6.4 7.8 47 343,399 164,692 122.0 28,427 13,176 116.7 23,551 11,640 104.1 88.4 86.9 8.2 6.8 76.8 74.9 6.4 6.4 5.3 6.6 48 642,464 468,863 40.0 81,346 55,325 47.0 112, 152 85,773 30.8 83.3 81.3 16.6 18.6 64.0 62.2 8.1 7.6 11.2 11.6 49 59,657 35,130 69.8 29,763 19,760 60.6 59,313 39,983 48.3 95.9 93.1 0.5 0.7 38.5 34.6 19.2 19.4 38.3 39.2 SO 58,978 25,786 128.7 22,647 11,061 104.9 25,844 13,491 91.6 96.9 93.3 0.3 0.2 53.2 47.8 20.4 20.5 23.3 25.0 51 30,706 18, 012 70.5 10,729 7,639 40.5 18,263 10,611 72.1 94.5 .95.7 2.1 1.3 48.6 47.5 17.0 20.2 28.9 28.0 62 147,268 69, 289 99,563 47.9 46,821 30,891 51.6 70,614 51, 162 37.8 97.4 97.8 1.6 1.7 64.2 63.6 17.2 16.6 26.0 27.5 53 39, 171 76.9 6,942 4,382 58.4 12,602 7,261 72.4 93.8 92.3 0.7 1.4 73.2 71.1 7.3 8.0 13.2 13.2 54 28,752 16,183 77.7 10,663 6,567 62.4 25,682 12, 161 111.2 87.9 79.2 1.0 2.5 38.8 36.7 14.4 14.9 34.7 27.8 55 32,979 15,219 18,321 80.0 34,806 22,478 64.8 32,652 24,406 33.8 96.5 97.1 0.6 0.5 31.7 27.3 33.4 33.5 31.4 86.3 56 6,481 180.2 8,646 3,424 162.6 12,767 5,797 120.2 91.5 82.7 0.6 0.4 38.0 30.7 21.6 19.3 31.9 32.7 57 199,779 141,266 367,783 92,262 79,220 201,684 116.5 76,676 29,992 162.3 147,224 61,745 138.4 95.8 94.1 0.7 0.6 45.3 47.2 17.1 16.3 33.4 31.8 58 78.3 40, 168 20,565 96.4 63,909 31,486 103.0 95.4 90.9 0.3 0.4 54.9 64.8 16.6 14.2 24.8 21.8 69 82.4 181,059 107,667 68.2 297,365 180,294 64.9 91.9 90.0 0.9 0.7 40.0 37.0 19.7 19.8 32.3 33.1 112 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. Urban and rural communities. — ^Table 37 shows, for each geographic division, the number of males 21 years of age and over in 1910 in urban and rural com- munities, respectively, classified accordiag to color or race, nativity, and parentage. The percentages formed by the several classes of population are also shown graphically in the accompanying diagram. In the United States as a whole males 21 years of age and over formed a larger proportion of the total population in 1910 in urban than in rural communi- ties, but the opposite was the case in the New Eng- land, Middle Atlantic, and Mountain divisions. In the urban communities of the United States as a whole in 1910, only 38.2 per cent of the males 21 years of age and over were native whites of native parentage while 34.3 per cent were foreign-born whites and 20.8 per cent native whites of foreign or mixed par- entage; thus considerably over one-half of the total either were born abroad or had one or both parents bom abroad. In rural communities, on the other hand, nearly three-fifths (59.4 per cent) of the males of 21 years and over were native whites of native par- entage, only 27.7 per cent being foreign-born whites and native whites of foreign or mixed parentage. In the Middle Atlantic and New England divisions the proportion of native whites of native parentage among males of 21 years and over in urban communities was especially low (30.2 and 33.7 per cent, respec- tively), and the proportion of foreign-born whites especially high (44.2 and 44 per cent, respectively). DISTRIBUTION OP MALES 21 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER IN URBAN AND RURAL COMMUNITIES: 1910. PER CENT 10 20 30 40 ' 60 61 70 80 90 100 UNITED STATES NEW ENGLAND MID. ATLANTIC E. NO. CENTRAL W. NO. CENTRAL SO. ATLANTIC E. SO. CENTRAL W. SO. CENTRAL MOUNTAIN PACIFIC URBAN 'mmw//''^ ^mmmyy/yy>y/> RURAL V7^i^.7zy/yy/y/^y//y)^///^^,;^^^JjJ^ URBAN y///////m//:'?i mmmi^^y./yyyyyyyy^ RURAL m////My/y//)mM^M ^TSZ^ 1 URBAN mmmm^^myjv/y^/y/A^. RURAL v//J^///A'///^///^///)^///y mwzzssi . URBAN m.WAW^mm^^rjT/sr/^/M, RURAL ^^^^^^ m^m fAYA 1 URBAN 'z^.w/////////////m^ m ^^^sa RURAL y//////////////////////<^ 'mi ^m^si 1 URBAN '////, m y///)^////^//''' M/^MHHIH RURAL Wy:y//Mmy/myyyyy^mmim^m 1 1 1 1 1 URBAN my//^///Am(////- w 9:^.'^- ,:,..-! RURAL ^ m w/y y.y///. ////: mmwmm ry^^mf:^ T^ ! URBAN y////mv///Ay//A'////. ■;::V:w;M 1 1 1 RURAL y^/WW//Zf///A////, f'j^ska ^j;-:. V URBAN ///AV//xy/y%^//A://mm, 1 1 1 RURAL yM'yy/^//Ay//y//A i:m ^ffij^? URBAN ^M. y//A y/M -m ^ Bm ryxx^>v» RURAL w.mmmm. mwJrA^yJm NATFVE WHITE - NATIVE PARENTAGE QS2 FOREIQN-BORN WHITE NATIVE WHITE- FOREIGN OR MIXED PARENTAGE ^^^| NEGRO AND ALL OTHER MALES 21 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER IN URBAN AND RURAL COMMUNITIES, BY DIVISIONS: 1910. Table 37 DIVISION AND CLASS OF COMMUNITT. United States TTrban Buial New ENeLAND Urban Kural Middle Atlantic Urban Jlural East North Central. Urban Rural West North Central Urban Rural South Atlantic Urban Rural Easb South Central . . Urban Rural West South Central. Urban Rural Mountain Urban Rural Pacific Urban Rural males 21 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER. Total. Per cent of total popu- lation. 26,999,161 13,341,135 13,658,016 29.4 31.3 27.7 30.8 30.4 32.9 2,019,096 1,658,165 360,941 5,920,601 4,177,617 1,742,884 30.7 30.4 31.2 6,604,500 3,042,818 2,561,682 30.7 31.6 29.7 3,493,637 1,267,791 2,226,846 30.0 32.7 28.7 3,071,428 892,835 2,178,593 25.2 28.9 23.9 2,096,186 460,715 1,035,471 24.9 29.3 23.9 2,261,366 689,680 1,671,786 25.7 30.1 24.5 913,658 327, 466 686,102 34.7 34.6 34.8 1,618,879 924, 168 694,711 38.6 38.8 38.4 Wlite. 24,367,514 12,453,858 11,903,656 1,992,996 1,634,413 368,583 6,770,811 4,055,787 1,715,024 6,489,013 2, 956, 166 2,533,857 3, 398, 100 1,206,967 2,191,133 2, 112, 547 641,383 1,471,164 1,452,776 314, 122 1,138,664 1,756,641 463, 864 1,291,787 871,401 315, 368 556, 033 1,514,229 866, 808 647, 421 Negro. 22,074 20, 170 1,904 138.750 113; 137 25,613 107,170 83,991 23, 179 83,219 88,938 24,281 965, 364 250,083 705,281 642,460 146,339 486, 121 488,815 123,640 365, 176 8,992 6,010 2,982 12,029 9,637 2,392 Indian, Chinese, Jap- andall other. 182, 764 75,332 107,432 4,026 3,672 454 10, 940 8,693 2,247 8,317 3,671 4,646 12,318 1,886 10, 432 3,517 1,369 2,148 950 264 696 16,910 2,086 14,824 33,105 6,078 27, 087 92, 621 47, 723 44,898 Native white. Native parentage. 13,211,731 6,092,259 8,119,472 808, 405 669,077 249,328 2, 320, 175 1,263,179 1,066,996 2,613,162 1,116,297 1,497,865 1,711,122 579,723 1,131,399 1,841,213 466,228 1,374,985, 1,337,122 237,209 1,099,913 1,428,856 329, 121 1,099,736 442, 848 156, 799 287, 049 708, 828 386,626 322, 202 Foreign or mixed parentage. 4,498,966 2,779,641 1,719,425 387,744 346,146 41,598 1, 178, 365 944,316 234,049 1,302,508 742, 534 569,974 817,670 294,916 522,666 120,669 83,620 37,049 69,346 47,547 21,799 164,845 68,616 86,229 171,016 67, 461 103,665 296,903 184,396 112, 607 Foreign- bom white. 796, 847 729, 190 67,657 2,272,271 1,848,292 423,979 1,673,343 1,097,326 476,018 869, 408 332,329 537,079 150,665 91,536 59,130 46,308 29,306 16,942 171,940 66,117 105,823 257, 637 92, 118 165, 419 608, 498 295, 786 212,712 White PER CENT OF TOTAL. Negro. 90.2 93.3 87.2 98.7 98.6 99.3 97.5 97.1 98.4 97.9 97.1 97.3 95.2 98.4 68.8 71.8 67.5 69.3 68.2 69.6 77.6 78.7 77.3 95.4 96.3 94.9 93.5 93.8 93.2 9.1 6.1 12.1 1.1 1.2 0.5 2.3 2.7 1.6 1.9 2.8 0.9 2.4 4.6 1.1 31.1 28.0 32.4 30.6 31.8 30.3 21.6 21.0 21.8 1.0 1.8 0.6 0.7 1.0 0.3 In- dian, Chi- nese, Jap- anese, and all other. 0.7 o.e 0.8 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.6 0.1 0.2 0.1 (') 0.1 0.7 0.4 0.9 3.6 1.9 4.6 5.7 5.2 6.5 Native par- ent- age. Native white. For- eign or mixed par- ent- 48.9 38.2 59.4 40.0 33.7 69.1 39.2 30.2 60.6 46.6 36.7 58.5 49.0 45.7 60.8 69.9 62.2 63.1 63.8 51.5 67.3 63.2 55.8 65.8 48.5 47.6 49.0 43.8 41.8 46.4 16.7 20.8 12.6 19.2 20.9 11.5 19.9 22.6 13.4 23.2 24.4 21.9 23.4 23.3 23.6 3.9 9.4 1.7 3..^! 10.3 1.3 6.8 11.6 6.2 18.7 20.6 17.7 18.3 20.0 16.2 For- eign- bom wliite. 24.6 34.3 15.1 39.5 44.0 18.7 38.4 44.2 24.3 28.1 30.1 18.6 24.9 26.2 24.1 4.9 10.3 2.7 1.9 6.4 1.0 7.6 11.2 6.3 28.2 28.1 28.2 31.4 32.0 30.6 1 Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent MALES 21 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER. 113 Principal cities, — Statistics regarding males 21 years of age and over in cities of 100,000 inhabitants or more in 1910 are presented in Table 38, and similar statistics in somewhat less detail for cities having from 25,000 to 100,000 inhabitants are presented in Table 39. Among the cities of 100,000 inhabitants or more in 1910 there were seven in which males 21 years of age and over formed more than 35 per cent of the total population, namely, Kansas City, Mo., Los Angeles, Oakland, Portland, Oreg., San Francisco, Seattle, and Spokane. In New York City the percentage was 30.1, and in no city did the percentage fall below 26. Foreign-born whites constituted at least one-half of the males 21 years of age and over in 1910 ia Bridge- port, Chicago, Cleveland, Detroit, Fall Eiver (63.8 per cent, the highest for any city of 100,000 inhabitants or more) , Lowell, New York City (57 .8 per cent) , Paterson, and Worcester. On the other hand, native whites of native parentage formed less than one-fifth of the total number in Chicago, Fall Eiver (11.3 per cent), Lowell, Milwaukee, New York City (16 per cent^, and Paterson. The percentage of native whites of foreign or mixed parentage was especially high in Buflfalo, Cincinnati, Milwaukee, Rochester, St. Louis, and St. Paul. MALES 21 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER IN CITIES OF 100,000 INHABITANTS OR MORE: 1910 AND 1900. Table 38 Albany.N.Y AtlaQta, Ga Baltimore, Md Birmingham, Ala Boston, Mass Bridgeport, Conn Buflalo,N.Y Cambriage, Mass Chicago, 111 Cincinnati, Ohio Cleveland, Ohio Columbus, Ohio Dayton, Ohio Denver, Colo Detroit, Mich Tall Biver, Mass Grand Rapids, Mich.. . Indianapolis, Ind Jersey Cit^, N. J Kansas City, Mo Los Angeles, Cal Louisville, Ky Lowell, Mass Memphis, Tenn Milwaukee, Wis Minneapolis, Minn Nashville, Tenn New Haven, Conn New Orleans, La NewYork,N.y Manhattan Borough Bronx Borough Brooklyn Borough. Q«een« Borough Bichmond Borough. Newark, N. J Oakland, Cal Omaha, Nebr Paterson, N. J Philadelphia, Pa Pittsburgh, Pa.i Portland , Oreg Providence, R.I Richmond, Va. Rochester, N. Y St. Louis, Mo St. Paul, Minn San Francisco, Cal Scranton, Pa Seattle, Wash Spokane, Wash Syracuse, N.Y Toledo, Ohio Washington, D. C Worcester, Mass MALES 21 YEASS OF AGE AND OVER. Total. 1910 32,000 44,510 163,5.54 40,699 208,321 32,991 128,133 30,262 700,590 113,919 177,386 60,892 38,236 71,990 150,017 31,647 34,295 76,743 80,866 87,457 114,889 67,676 31,300 44,309 113,106 105,305 30,774 40,610 96,997 ,433,749 727, 6SB m, 935 470, see 8B,S73 m.BOO 103,234 53,967 43,216 36,873 468,813 166,424 88,908 68,983 37,204 69,564 221,913 72,073 175,951 37,059 101,685 40,254 44,713 52,748 103,761 45,601 1900 28,410 23,185 141,271 12,246 176,068 21,952 97,938 26,864 511,048 92,799 111,622 40,071 25,746 42,712 78,855 26,842 24,906 52,544 60,319 63,708 33,049 99,661 27,059 31,405 75,020 63,711 22,191 32,566 75,440 1,007,670 SIS, 728 67,808 SSS, 7U 43,170 B0,257 70,558 20,851 34,620 29,648 386,953 136,421 38,353 53,131 23,436 45,395 171,798 51,027 128,985 28,075 39,503 14,944 32,499 38,257 83,823 35,743 Per cent of total. population. 1910 31.9 28.7 29.3 30.7 31.1 32.3 30.2 28.9 32.1 31.3 31.6 33.5 32.8 33.7 32.2 26.5 30.5 32, 30.2 35.2 36.0 30.2 29.4 33.8 30.3 34.9 27.9 30.3 28.6 30.1 SI. a 29. B 28. 29.0 SO. 8 29.7 35.9 34.8 29.4 30.3 31.2 42.9 30.8 29.2 31.9 32.3 33.6 42.2 28.5 42.9 32.6 31.3 31.3 31.2 1900 30.2 25.8 27.8 31.9 31.4 30.9 27.8 29.2 30.1 28.5 29.2 31.9 30.2 31.9 27.6 25.6 28.4 31.1 29.2 32.8 32.2 29.1 28.5 30.7 26.3 31.4 27.4 30.1 26.3 29.3 29.9 28.8 28.6 28.2 SO. 2 28.7 31.1 33.8 28.2 29. 30.2 42.4 30.3 27.6 27.9 29, 31.3 37.6 27.5 49.0 40.6 30.0 29.0 30.1 30.2 Native white. Native parentage. 1910 11,959 26,625 68,492 19,493 47,806 8,402 30,517 7,048 125,703 37,419 36,358 36,090 21,281 34,118 32,653 3,561 11,792 45,585 17,336 51,616 57,829 28,456 5,859 19,781 15,436 31,749 17,422 10,853 33,767 229,362 99,114 19,647 86, 762 16, 724 7,226 24,386 17,046 17,601 7,115 160,396 45,933 41,408 17,920 19,551 20,467 67,002 18,559 41,619 8,759 41,632 18,893 17,377 21,209 49,949 12,343 9,663 12,932 57,602 5,825 47,733 6,516 20,418 7,636 103,674 22,314 23,637 22,280 12,984 20,877 15,830 3,582 8,279 27,990 13,444 29,881 16,024 20,921 6,259 11,172 7,872 18,401 11,178 10,990 18,910 178,900 83,860 10,029 70, 794 8,481 17,656 6,987 15,002 5,774 141,741 37,060 13,886 16,755 11,799 12,459 42,588 13,102 27,179 6,170 19,634 7,: 11,826 13,919 39,557 11,319 Foreign or mixed parentage. 1910 11,435 1,665 34,895 1,811 51,139 6,945 40,446 7,' 175,397 42,366 43,058 11,244 7,r- 15,934 39,761 7,699 8,527 13,149 23,574 13,601 20,228 17,190 7,156 3,847 41,114 27,053 2,196 9,186 24,134 339,611 142,087 37,266 127,167 26,206 6,905 25,938 12,783 9,874 9,046 112,186 40,737 15,283 16,192 2,320 21,683 74,623 22,832 46,740 10,617 17,323 8,147 11,940 14,955 14,078 1900 10,478 1,055 31,997 762 41,701 5,086 31,903 5,985 121,804 38,628 28,441 8,838 6,828 8,426 21,426 5,379 5,745 10,987 18,300 8,761 5,765 16,175 5,392 3,256 26,313 14,422 2,061 7,582 22,699 264,205 129,061 17,470 99,823 12,603 6,34s 19,195 4,863 6,883 6,923 96,070 35,507 6,312 11,759 1,746 15,508 61,948 14,407 33,679 8,056 5,442 2,857 9,883 10,859 11, 161 7,441 Foreign-bom white. 1910 8,192 2,287 33,638 2,944 103,160 17,114 56,337 14,636 379,850 26,723 94,431 8,487 7,. — 19,204 75,323 20,181 13,689 10,407 37,707 13,052 29,576 8,334 18,191 3,403 56,101 45,159 1,435 19,194 13,486 828,793 461,24s 68,676 248,644 38,360 11,977 49,674 19,334 13,788 20,182 167,072 70,148 25,230 32,863 2,040 27,067 63,440 29,048 75,768 17,461 36,097 12,389 14,944 15,826 11,738 22,816 1900 Negro. 7,768 1,258 29,515 973 81,068 44,869 12,004 271,982 26,844 56,973 5,980 4,790 11,778 40,218 17,732 10,683 8,335 27,104 9,183 8,818 10,047 15,305 2,697 40,455 30,227 1,457 13,030 13,603 539,746 324,861 29,346 165,600 21,S8S 8,786 31,483 7,701 11,383 16,475 127,915 55,958 9,636 22,868 1,401 17,242 56,223 22,435 56,102 13,629 11,521 4,324 10,404 12,843 9,600 16,541 379 13,865 26,214 16,441 5,070 471 740 1,384 17,845 7,387 3,298 5,028 1,781 1,999 2,224 133 264 7,556 2,104 9,101 2,571 13,687 44 17,238 396 1,227 9,713 1,191 25,269 30,855' 21,279 1,289 7,011 969 337 3,015 1,238 463 28,120 525 1,765 13,279 305 16,381 1,673 831 216 1,204 305 437 719 27,621 384 1900 490 21,806 4,""" 4,441 357 652 1,131 12,414 4,997 2,368 2,955 1,124 1,331 1,372 71 192 5,200 1,260 5,797 632 12,418 47 14,261 637 7,476 863 19,809 18,651 11,838 767 5,275 881 SOO 1,966 355 1,257 356 20,095 7,719 386 1,600 8,472 175 11,727 1,051 619 207 606 23,072 Indian, Chi- nese, Japa- nese, and all other: 1910 35 68 315 10 1,146 59 93 101 1,795 24 241 43 23 736 58 145 87 4,685 9 50 40 59 117 341 5,128 3,829 187 922 134 68 221 3,566 1,0 244 6,462 243 14 42 487 61 10,993 6 5,429 520 15 39 375 70 PEE CENT OF TOTAL: 1910 Native white. Na- tive par- ent- age. For- eign or mixed par- entage. 37.4 59.8 41.9 47.9 22.9 25.6 23.8 23.3 17.9 32.8 20.5 59.3 55.7 47.4 21.8 11.3 34.4 59.4 21.4 59.0 50.3 42.0 18.7 44.6 13.6 30.1 58.6 28.8 34.8 16.0 13.8 15.4 18. 4 20.3 27.3 23.6 31.6 40.7 19.3 34.2 27.6 48.6 26.0 52.6 29.4 30.2 25.8 23.7 23.8 40.9 46.9 38, 40.2 48.1 27.1 35.7 3.7 21.3 4.4 24.5 21.1 31.8 23.4 25.0 37.2 24.3 18.6 20.5 22.1 24.3 24.9 17.1 29.2 15.6 17.6 25.4 22.9 8.7 25.7 7.1 22.7 24.9 23.7 19.5 29.4 27.0 31.8 28.1 25.1 23.7 22.8 24.6 23.9 24.5 17.2 23.5 6.2 31.2 33.6 31.7 26.6 28.6 17.0 20.2 26.7 28.4 13.6 21.9 For- eign- bom white. 25, 5.1 20.6 7.2 49.5 61.9 44.0 48.4 54.2 23.5 53.2 13.9 19.1 26.7 50.2 83.8 39.9 13.6 46.6 14.9 25.7 12.3 68.1 7.7 42.9 4.7 47.4 13.9 57.8 63.4 64. 1 62.8 46.6 46.2 48.1 35.8 31.9 54.7 35.6 42.2 28.4 47.6 5.5 38.9 28.6 40.3 43.1 47.1 35.5 33.4 30.0 11.3 50.0 Ne- gro. 1.2 3L2 16.0 40.4 2.4 L4 0.8 4.6 2.5 8.5 1.9 8.3 4.7 2.3 L5 0.4 0.8 9.3 2.6 10.4 2.2 20.2 0.1 38.9 0.4 1.2 31.6 2.9 26.1 2.2 2.9 1.0 l.S 1.2 1.3 2.9 2.3 4.4 1.2 6.0 5.6 0.6 2.6 35.7 0.4 7.4 2.2 0.5 0.6 1.2 0.8 1.0 1.4 26.6 0.8 1 Includes population of Allegheny for 1900. 72497°— 13- 114 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. MALES 21 YEARS OP AGE AND OVER. WITH CITIZENSHIP OP FOREIGN-BORN WHITES, IN CITIES HAVING FROM 25,000 TO 100,000 INHABITANTS: 1910. Table 39 MALES 21 TEAES OF AGE AND OVEE. PEE CENT OP total; 1910 FOEEIGN-BOEN WHITE MALES 21 TEAES OF AGE AND OVEE; 1910 CTTY. Total. Native wMtc: 1910 Foreign- bom white: 1910 Negro: 1910 Indian, Chi- nese, Japa- nese, and all other; 1910 Native white. For- eign- bom white. Ne- gro. Natural- ized. Hav- ing first papers. Alien. ' • 1910 1900 Native parent- age. Foreign or mixed parent- age. Na- tive par- ent- age. For- eign or mixed age. ship not re- ported. Alabama MobUe 15,014 10,789 14,801 12,622 9,262 18,777 14,824 9,761 9,213 16,814 31,121 9,445 7,996 13,984 8,292 8,947 7, ess 22,801 27,519 19,392 11,691 11,949 11,647 19,557 9,711 8,009 8,514 9,703 21,005 7,910 11,477 23,054 11,388 15,014 16,090 21,443 19,678 16,566 18,609 10,387 8,397 9,439 13,703 27,359 11,983 16,932 8,945 26,562 13,977 17,788 15,586 11,081 8,786 8,635 7,267 18,447 17,905 7,346 10,112 7,072 9,561 11,027 13,633 15,528 25,983 29.171 10,645 7,792 11,744 3,734 2,675 10,914 5,885 6,586 6,773 10,142 26,631 8,272 7,OiO 8,041 7,035 5,548 i,60i 13,558 23,157 8,183 4,939 10,346 6,088 15,994 7,042 6,828 6,016 6,057 9,841 6,353 8,932 18,104 10,276 8,856 9,913 16,756 12,695 10,402 11,089 7,462 6,627 7,643 10,372 18,911 10,977 10,082 3,880 16,589 9,657 7,442 11,598 7,719 7,702 4,693 6,307 15,433 12,357 5,336 10,198 5,476 7,048 9,ioe 11,182 11,791 17,813 21,485 6,376 4,971 7,668 5,363 5,509 6,972 7,853 3,837 5,877 8,953 9,615 2,408 2,om 2,426 2,499 3,149 S,i71 5,085 13,253 7,490 3,574 5,739 6,933 6,329 3,537 4,212 6,533 6,766 8,930 2,788 2,426 11,482 4,785 4,497 7,747 10,818 9,702 6,584 12,653 5,119 3,187 4,826 4,336 16,976 3,308 7,224 5,360 14,227 8,496 13,054 7,645 6,498 3,483 3,896 2,381 10,208 7,198 3,424 2,436 1,121 3,449 2,935 6,069 2,239 3,113 11, 167 1,815 429 1,466 2,822 1,459 4,437 2,461 2,370 1,539 2,310 6,945 2,650 e,ss8 2,675 2,026 1,699 1,472 4,965 4,611 881 750 603 340 1,629 2,505 1,907 1,437 1,640 4,041 2,404 2,971 6,248 4,230 3,333 3,962 6,090 5,964 2,950 3,075 2,654 2,453 2,034 5,007 5,088 5,402 3,801 2,076 3,514 1,987 2,260 5,082 692 3,602 493 1,366 3,094 3,494 1,543 1,699 1,612 1,808 2,128 2,377 3,806 5,274 5,642 1,228 394 1,066 3,627 1,772 5,331 3,845 2,963 1,434 4,777 13,975 4,346 S,690 8,843 3,568 3,979 5,179 12,463 6,764 1,308 4,407 498 381 1,709 3,666 1,612 1,005 1,127 6,729 2,661 6,877 4,661 1,807 7,103 3,366 2,289 3,785 6,787 2,067 2,619 2,615 2,309 4,132 5,231 3,220 6,781 1,494 5,710 2,123 1,691 1,885 609 1,634 525 3,502 5,023 7,033 2,307 6,883 4,330 4,086 5,933 4,936 9,467 17,414 12,038 6,578 4,988 4,592 66 227 207 232 66 338 581 601 29 S9 25 191 96 9S 252 2,981 9,652 2,926 6,067 4,988 9,962 100 272 526 260 2,286 66 195 644 565 74 1,021 2,242 216 225 906 93 142 160 224 1,043 47 122 14 3,088 1,364 880 961 3,379 167 3,704 18 80 151 60 66 3 204 20 120 10 128 218 17 7 9 754 295 1,830 433 526 26 193 86 12 n 15 18 24 36 20 61 34 42 5 28 3 6 13 10 19 11 8 19 11 8 14 4 12 20 18 2 '""iio' 4 21 6 4 1 23 7 13 12 3 17 10 42 29 22 28 6 16 11 31 16 64 106 36.8 46.1 51.8 42.5 59.6 37.1 63.0 39.3 63.8 53.2 30.9 26.5 26.4 17.3 30.1 35.2 S2.4 22.3 48.2 38.6 30.6 48.0 60.9 32.4 36.4 52.6 65.0 69.7 42.5 35.2 21.1 49.8 42.0 30.0 48.1 50.5 49.3 39.7 67.5 49.3 38.0 61.1 31.6 58.4 27.6 42.7 59.9 53.6 60.8 73.4 49.1 68.6 39.6 45.1 32.8 56.3 40.2 46.6 24.1 15.9 36.1 26.6 44.8 14.4 12.0 38.3 12.1 4.0 9.9 22.4 15.8 23.6 16.6 24.3 16.7 13.7 22.3 28.1 2S.0 19.1 24.4 19.0 19. S 21.8 16.4 4.5 6.4 6.0 2.9 7.8 26.8 23.8 16.9 15.9 19.2 30.4 25.9 27.1 37.1 22.2 24.6 28.4 30.3 17.8 16.5 24.6 29.2 21.5 36.5 18.6 46.1 22.4 23.2 13.2 14.2 12.6 32.6 6.2 41.0 5.7 18.7 16.8 19.5 21.0 16.8 22.8 18.9 19.3 17.6 24.5 20.3 19.3 8.2 3.7 7.2 28.7 19.1 28.4 25.9 30.4 15.6 28.4 44.9 46.0 46.1 63.2 42.9 44.6 ^7 24.5 6.7 37.7 4.2 3.3 8.7 36.7 20.1 11.8 11.6 27.3 33.6 61.2 20.2 15.9 47.3 20.9 10.7 19.2 41.0 11.1 25.2 31.1 24.5 30.2 19.1 26.9 34.1 16.7 21.6 15.2 8.9 12.1 4.6 17.6 6.1 48.2 27.2 39.3 31.4 58.2 61.2 42.7 53.8 36.5 60.9 67.0 41.3 43.8 46.2 31.0 0.4 2.5 1.1 1.6 0.7 3.7 3.5 1.6 0.3 0.4 0.2 2.3 1.1 1.2 1.1 10.8 49.8 25.0 42.4 42.8 50.9 1.0 3.4 6.2 2.7 10.9 0.7 1.7 2.8 4.9 0.5 6.3 10.5 1.1 1.4 4.9 0.9 1.7 1.7 1.6 3.8 0.4 0.7 0.2 11.6 9.8 4.9 6.2 30.5 1.9 42.9 0.2 0.4 0.8 0.7 0.7 W 2.1 0.2 0.9 0.1 0.5 0.7 662 ^ 201 629 2,096 1,101 2,424 2,067 1,637 748 1,773 6,294 2,308 1,9S1 3,054 1,456 1,486 1,S17 4,662 2,872 587 919 261 161 938 1,795 1,152 727 694 1,613 1,608 2,483 2,598 1,342 4,094 1,940 1,683 2,469 2,226 1,080 1,531 1,697 1,302 2,697 2,807 2,281 2,408 650 2,427 1,116 653 1,435 330 1,009 248 1,406 2,222 3,167 1,274 2,133 1,280 2,228 1,950 1,915 3,765 6,688 i 4,931 68 15 62 339 125 402 190 181 83 230 1,112 348 S12 693 185 326 281 595 520 69 175 32 21 121 171 53 46 53 374 127 284 191 21 626 242 132 363 2,434 164 185 98 94 264 280 120 459 64 642 133 88 88 22 86 6 67 262 682 138 647 167 294 382 340 418 678 978 328 60 117 864 402 1,779 936 812 279 1,991 5,761 1,280 1,116 4,476 1,677 1,739 1,590 6,598 2,671 276 2,765 94 72 357 1,150 137 60 110 2,701 280 2,671 1,020 51 1,822 454 115 516 1,309 229 416 540 519 488 893 410 1,821 416 1,734 413 353 88 78 190 111 1,558 1,811 2,909 723 2,840 2,734 1,363 3,189 2,540 4,615 9,608 5,522 " 180 Montgomery. . 128 Arkansas Little Rock. 268 California 338 144 Sacramento 726 San Dipgo 662 333 Colorado 324 Pueblo 783 Connecticut Hartford . ' 818 410 SSI New Britain ' 620 240 428 391 Waterburv . .-'. 608 Delaware 691 Florida 376 548 1 Georgia Atiensta 111 127 293 i Illinois 450 270 DanvUle" 172 Decatur 1,041 Elgin 636 j4 1,457 1,621 1,028 2,548 1,326 477 1,430 1,750 3,754 723 508 1,672 4,017 1,581 2,300 678 103 361 193 583 1,504 988 963 1,962 1,754 3,114 387 1,130 4,335 130 931 349 212 5,808 175 1,413 1,524 1,759 1,174 2,106 2,834 2,061 3,735 119 190 68 410 292 80 214 294 396 69 40 310 562 106 256 92 3 51 13 26 134 201 97 480 239 272 27 141 958 15 151 55 30 1,171 12 95 205 524 179 519 1,215 721 1,323 1,164 6,951 319 3,196 2,800 597 2,675 3,692 3,108 227- 215 682 2,201 1,514 3,363 255 63 94 50 167 463 2,445 849 699 746 2,223 72 518 1,990 83 565 75 117 3,544 43 743 131 276 338 419 2,011 991 2,220 242 463 TfBTiftjv?t**r 67 397 New Castle - . . 289 637 Reading 209 206 641 Williftmsprat 134 York 66 Bhode Island 261 Pawtuclcet 743 525 WnoTisoftVfit 631 South Catolina 257 58 184 ■RTTlOTnHllfi.. . , 124 Texas 464 Dallas 710 El Paso 1,006 Fort Worth 632 Galveston . 362 727 San Antonio 1,746 Waco 170 T7tah Ogden 314 Salt Lake City 1,392 Virginia 22 Norfolk 173 125 Boanoke 65 Washington Tacoma 1,668 West Virginia 74 Wheeling 428 Wisconsin 218 La Crosse 406 Madison 414 654 Racine. 530 686 Superfor 923 I Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. Citizenship of foreign-born white males. — Statistics as to the citizenship of foreign-born white males 21 years of age and over, as enumerated in 1910, are given in Table 40. Of the 6,646,817 foreign-bom white males 21 years of age and over in the United States in 1910, 45.6 per cent were reported as naturalized, 8.6 per cent as having taken out their first naturalization papers, and 34.1 per cent as aliens, while for 11.7 per cent no report as to citizenship was secured. As already stated, it is probable that much the larger proportion of this last group are aliens. Nevertheless, on account of the marked variations in the relative numbers of those for whom there were no reports regarding citizenship in the different states and geo- graphic divisions, comparisons of the percentages for those naturalized, those having first papers, and aliens are somewhat unsatisfactory. It is evident, however, that in those geographic divisions in which a lai^e part of the foreign-bom population consists of recent immigrants — notably the New England, Middle Atlantic, South Atlantic, ■Mountain, and Pacific divisions — the proportion of the foreign-bom white males of 21 years and over who are naturalized is much lower than in the divisions which have a relatively smaller proportion of recent immigrants, particularly the East North Central and West North Central. Many of these immigrants have been here too short a time to become naturalized. Among the states West Virginia had the lowest pro- portion naturalized (20.9 per cent), Arizona and Maine coming next. The proportion naturalized exceeded three-fifths in Kentucky, Iowa, Nebraska, and Minne- sota. Among the geographic divisions the Middle Atlantic had the lowest percentage naturalized (38.7). FEMALES 21 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER. 117 Table 40 DIVISION AND STATE. TTnlted States . Geogbaphio divs.: New Knsland Middle Atlantic East North Central West North Central South Atlantic . East South Central West South Central Mountain Pacific 3,034,117 New England: Maine New Hampshire.. Vermont Massachusetts.... Rhode Island Connecticut Middle Atlantic: New Yorl£ New Jersey Pennsylvania E. North Centbal: Ohio Indiana lUinois Michigan Wisconsin W. North Central: Minnesota Iowa Missouri North Dakota South Dakota Nebraska South Atlantic: Delaware Maryland Dist. of Columbia. Virginia West Virginia North Carolina . . . South Carolina... Georgia Florida E. South Centbal: Kentucky Tennessee Alabama Missis-sippi W. South Central: Arkansas Louisiana Oklahoma Texas Mountain: Montana.... Idaho Wyoming Colorado New Mexico. , Arizona Utah , Nevada Pacdtc: Washington. Oregon California iobeign-bobn white males 21 tears op age and ovee: 1910 Naturalized. Num- ber. 323,994 879,348 812,489 610,918 61,134 25,9Sfi 70,785 113,670 235,844 14,994 16,415 10,811 189,126 32,040 60,608 502,083 128,438 248,827 142,465 42,633 317,339 167,304 142,848 179, 187 90, 573 65,612 46,636 32,496 67,270 39,145 3,707 24,256 6,474 6,411 7,263 1, 1,602 4,023 6,959 13,225 5,444 4,841 2,445 5,284 10,024 12,074 43,383 27,635 12,817 6,837 35,245 4,267 5,912 15,351 5,606 68,895 29,675 137,274 Per cent. 46.6 40.7 38.7 61.6 68.8 40.6 66.0 41.2 44.1 46.4 30 39.1 45.5 41.7 42.2 39.6 41.1 41.5 33.6 46.2 47.8 62.5 55.4 53.1 60.1 61.7 54.0 68.5 59.6 60.7 52.7 42.2 60.6 65.2 43.1 20.9 43.7 47.7 47.3 34.2 64.7 63.8 46.0 46.7 54.4 37.8 51.3 38.7 46.6 49.6 37.4 50.0 34.1 23.0 47.0 43.9 46.8 46.4 46.2 Having first papers. Num- ber. Per cent. 670,772 48,608 202,012 148,254 76,934 8,997 2,220 10,071 23,219 60,557 1,490 1,421 1,164 30,016 5,314 9,103 131,085 24,511 46,416 17,609 13,320 43,482 26,235 47,708 26,222 6,654 10,117 9,824 8,020 9,924 6,173 658 3,278 1,058 859 1,358 194 184 626 783 816 464 684 257 595 1,166 1,477 6,833 6,749 2,478 1,937 6,636 709 1,113 2,415 1,282 15,258 7,591 27,708 6.1 8.9 9.4 8.8 6.0 4.8 6.9 9.0 9.9 3.1 3.4 4.9 6.6 7.0 5.9 10.7 7. 6.3 6.7 15.0 7.2 8.7 17.7 4.5 8.3 12.3 14.7 10.5 8.3 7.5 6.8 9.0 5.8 3.9 5.9 5.5 7.3 4.5 4.0 4.6 6.5 4.9 6.1 4.4 6.3 6.1 11.4 9.6 10.6 9.3 6.7 4.3 7.4 10.0 10.4 11.9 9.3 AUen. Num- ber. 2,266,636 366,161 966,101 426,278 144, 177 67, 127 8,647 62,863 86,619 160,572 23,672 19,377 9,652 212,033 31,996 69,431 475,259 122,076 367,766 113,866 18,364 174,581 76,550 42,937 ■68,132 20,275 25,835 10,965 4,376 12,347 12,247 3,189 13, 673 2,304 4,693 22,545 827 739 1,846 7,411 2,754 1,S67 2,793 Ij 1,388 9,151 4,449 37,865 16,937 6,215 8,126 19,615 6,048 14,574 9,626 *,479 43,202 17,430 99,940 Per cent. 34.1 45.9 42.5 27.1 16.6 37.9 18.7 30.7 33.2 31.6 48.8 46.2 40.6 46.7 42.2 45.3 38.9 39.4 36. 20.6 28.9 25.3 16.9 19.6 13.8 21.3 13.8 8.0 13.1 16.5 36.3 28.3 19.6 31.5 65.0 26.1 22.0 21.7 42.6 13.5 18.5 26.5 23.6 14.3 34.5 18.9 33.8 28.6 24.0 44.5 27.8 48.4 66.7 29.5 35.1 29.3 27.3 33.6 Citizenship not reported. Num- ber. 776,393 58,184 225,810 186,322 137, 379 23,407 9,486 38,251 35,029 61,525 8,308 4,743 2,132 22,426 6,549 14,026 112,686 34,623 78,601 34,648 14,720 69,122 32,088 35,744 34,741 29,378 19,840 12,296 9,637 14,804 16,683 1,222 6,866 1,902 2,919 3,521 836 830 2,019 3,292 3,646 2,337 2,203 1,— 2,4.51 6,178 6,551 24,071 7,992 4,334 1,364 9,118 1,478 4,083 6,260 1,400 19,869 9,213 32,443 Per cent. 11.7 7.3 9.9 11.8 15.8 15.6 20.6 22.2 13.6 12.1 17.1 11.3 9.0 4.9 8.6 9.2 9.2 11.2 10.6 11.2 16.6 11.4 10.6 1.3.3 11.6 20.0 16.3 16.4 17.7 15.7 22.6 13.9 14.3 16.2 19.6 10.2 26.4 24.7 23.7 18.9 17.8 23.1 20.9 24.8 25.2 23.3 23.6 21.5 13.5 16.8 7.6 12.9 11.8 16.9 16.1 11.0 13.5 14.4 10.9 Table 41 gives statistics as to the citizenship of the foreign-born white males 21 years of age and over in 1910 for cities having 100,000 inhabitants or more. For cities of 25,000 to 100,000 inhabitants statistics are given in Table 39, page 114. Table 41 Albany, N.Y... Atlanta, Ga Baltimore, Md... Birmingham, Ala... Boston, Mass Bridgeport, Conn. . . Buflalo,N. Y Cambridge, Mass. . . Chicago, 111 Cincinnati, Ohio Cleveland, Ohio Columbus, Ohio Dayton, Ohio Denver, Colo Detroit, Mich Fall Eiver, Mass Grand Rapids, Mich Indianapolis, Ind. . . Jersey City, N. J Kansas City, Mo... . Los Angeles, Cal Louisvflle, Ky Lowell, Mass Memphis, Tenn Milwaukee, Wis Minneapolis, Minn. . Nashville, Tenn New Haven, Conn.. New Orleans, La. . . New York, N.Y... Manhattan Bor. . . Bronx SoTough.... Brooklyn Borough Queens Borough. . Rkhmond Bor Newark, N. J Oakland, Cal Omaha, Nebr Paterson, N. J Philadelphia, Pa. . . Pittsburgh, Pa Portland, Oreg Providence, R. I Richmond, Va Rochester, N. Y St. lyouis. Mo St. Paul, Minn San Francisco, Cal. . Scranton, Pa Seattle, Wash Spokane, Wa^ Syracuse. N. Y Toledo, Ohio Washington, D. C. . Worcester, Mass FOEEIGN-BOEN WHITE MALES 21 YEARS OF AG E AND OVEE: 1910 Naturalized. Num- ber. 4,827 1,011 16,643 1,179 47,791 6,663 29,409 7,162 190,693 17,253 40,482 4,453 3,461 10,959 32,891 7,768 6,088 16,566 6,963 14,097 5,704 7,'" 1,664 26,166 23,462 951 8,628 6,138 318, 091 SS, 188 109, 100 n,019 S,937 21,427 10,237 7,079 9,817 69,415 28,797 11,251 12,988 943 13, 003 33,081 17,071 36,376 7,930 16,438 6,496 7,036 8,752 6,474 9,126 Per cent. 44.2 49.5 40.0 46.3 38.3 52.2 48.9 50.2 64.6 42.9 52.5 47.3 67.1 43.7 41.6 66.7 68.5 43.9 63.3 47.7 68.4 38.6 48.9 46.6 62.0 66.3 45.0 45.5 38.4 SI. 3 43.3 43.9 49. e 43.1 52.9 51.3 48.6 41.5 41.1 44.6 39.5 46.2 48.0 52.1 68.8 48.0 45.4 45.5 44.4 47.1 65.3 65.2 40.0 Having first papers. Num- ber. 462 193 2,664 186 10,438 1,038 4,319 1,189 31,586 1,733 7, 414 396 2,102 7,271 732 1,016 1,189 3,067 890 2,730 380 427 197 9,887 5,427 80 1,426 595 106,525 S8,eei 3,6 6 4,9 2,004 2,103 1,387 15,633 5,355 3,058 2,815 123 2,947 7,049 2,586 10,681 964 3,068 1,374 862 724 1,058 1,514 Per cent. 5.6 8.4 7.9 6.3 10.1 6.1 7.7 8.1 8.3 6.5 4.9 5.4 10.9 9.7 3.6 7.4 11.4 8.1 6.8 9.2 5.8 17.6 12.0 5.6 7.4 4.4 12.9 n.7 12.9 13.8 10.0 7. 10.0 10.4 16.3 7.6 12.1 8.6 6.0 10.9 11.1 8.9 14.1 6.6 8.5 11.1 5.8 4.6 9.0 6.6 Alien. Num- ber. 1,661 566 9,569 839 40,516 8,136 16,256 5,866 124,553 6,250 40,221 2,349 2,964 3,. — 28,733 10,594 3,301 1,795 14,404 2,564 8,662 1,162 14,435 10,305 170 7,' 3,703 339.473 m, 777 go, 970 90, eu 11, 089 4, lie 19,204 5,r— 2,868 6,029 63,156 28,439 7,097 14,910 503 8,361 15, 918 5,676 21, 872 6,801 11,474 3,461 4,715 4,308 2,304 11,184 Per cent. 20.3 24.7 28.4 28.6 39.3 47.5 28.9 40.1 32.8 23.4 42.6 27.7 40.6 19.8 38.1 52.5 24.1 17.2 38.2 19.6 29.3 13.8 54.4 23.7 25.7 22.8 11.8 40.1 27.5 41.0 48. 1 30.6 se.4 S8 9 S4.4 38.7 30.9 20.8 29.9 37.8 40.6 28.1 45.4 24.7 30.9 25.1 19.2 28.9 38.9 31.8 27.9 31.6 27.2 19.6 49.0 Citizenship not reported. Num- ber. 1,242 518 4,772 740 4,415 1,377 6,354 419 33,019 1,487 5,902 1, 271 492 2,342 6,428 487 1,614 1,335 3,680 2,645 4,087 734 5,624 6,966 234 1,447 3,050 64,704 40,961 1,870 14, 883 2,394 1,018 4,061 1,125 1,738 2,949 18, 968 7,557 3,82i 2,160 471 2,756 7,392 3,815 6,840 1,766 5,117 2,069 2,331 2,042 1,902 992 Per cent. 15.2 22.6 14.2 26.1 4.3 8.0 11.3 2.9 8.7 6.6 16.0 6.7 12.2 8.5 2.1 11.8 12.8 9.8 ' 20.3 13.8 13.2 4.6 21.6 10.0 13.2 16.3 7.5 22.6 7.8 8.9 8.S 6.9 e.2 8.B 8.2 6.8 12.6 14.6 11.4 10.8 15.2 6.6 23.1 10.2 11.7 13.1 9.0 10.1 14.2 16.7 15.6 12.9 16.2 4.3 FEMALES 21 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER. Table 42 gives the number of females 21 years of age and over in 1910, classified according to color or race, nativity, and parentage, by geographic divisions and states. As already noted, the composition of the adult female population according to color or race, nativity, and parentage differs from that of the adult male population principally in including a smaller percent- age of foreign born. This difference, varying in de- gree, appears in the figures for every state as well as in those for the United States. Apart from this, the com- position of the female population in the different states or sections naturally corresponds to that of the male. 118 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. FEMALES 21 YEARS OP AGE AND OVER, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES: 1910. Tabic 43 DIVISION AND STATE. Total females 21 years of age and over. Number. Per cent of total, NATIVE "WHITE. Native parentage. Number. Per cent of total. Foreign or mixed parentage. Number. Per cent of total. FOBEIGN-BOEN WHITE. Number. Per cent of total. Number. Per cent of total. Indian. Chi- nese, Japa- nese, and all other. United States Geogbaphic divisions: New England Middle Atlantic East North Central. . West North Central. South Atlantic East South Central . . West South Central. Mountain.. Pacific New England: Maine New Hampshire Vermont Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut Middle Atlantic: New York New Jersey Pennsylvania East Nokth Centeal: Ohio Indiana Illinois Michigan Wisconsin West North Central: Miimesota Iowa Missouri North Dakota South Dakota Nebraska Kansas.... South Atlantic: Delaware Maryland District of Columbia . Virginia West Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Florida East South Central: Kentucky Tennessee Alabama Mississippi West South Central: Arkansas Louisiana Oklahoma Texas Mountain: Montana Idaho Wyoming Colorado New Mexico Arizona Utah Nevada Pacific: Washington Oregon California 34,9S6,754 2,043,998 5,608,188 5,133,680 3,005,774 3,007,118 2,037,064 1,987,760 614,736 1,117,436 225,736 135,372 106,883 1,074,485 166,391 335,131 2,757,521 736, 659 2,114,008 1,398,341 770,658 1,567,491 786,033 611,157 512,411 603,644 896,152 122,406 134,187 298,040 438,934 58,442 373,819 116,148 518,473 284,969 519,475 343,958 613,149 178,685 579,756 542, 408 501,959 412,941 351,994 395,354 356,194 884,218 81,741 69,818 28,840 213, 425 73,152 43,891 85,729 18,140 277, 727 168, 323 671,386 22,059,236 2,021,540 5,464,123 5,036,624 2,923,305 2,036,590 1,390,848 1,504,766 590,116 1,092,324 98.9 97.4 98.1 97.3 67.7 68.3 75.7 96.0 97.8 12,484,481 841,264 2,377,232 2,516,036 1,538,145 1,809,235 1,283,045 1,245,132 320,983 553,409 50.8 41.2 42.4 49.0 51.2 60.2 63.0 62.6 52.2 49.5 4,56T,647 428,673 1,274,288 1,340,723 776,397 125,998 74,876 142,047 138,205 266,440 18.6 21.0 22.7 26.1 25.8 4.2 3.7 7.1 22.5 23.8 5,007,108 751,603 1,812,603 1,179,865 608,763 100,357 32,927 117,587 130,928 272,475 20.4 36.8 32.3 23.0 20.3 3.3 1.6 5.9 21.3 24.4 2,427,742 21,822 142,115 92,698 72,278 969,575 645,697 467,795 6,686 9,076 1.1 2.5 1.8 2.4 32.2 31.7 23.5 1.1 0.8 60,169 873 1,690 4,278 10,135 1,904 508 15,132 17,513 8,436 225,107 135,187 106,598 1,061,602 163,120 2,706,523 706,728 2,050,872 1,364,611 752,208 1,533,014 778,874 607,917 508,195 599,442 847,997 120,780 128,772 294,849 423,270 50,160 309,897 81,662 353,516 270,298 358,583 162,625 343,187 105,662 506,299 419,646 284,116 180,787 248,964 222,473 311,266 722,063 78,331 68,543 27,932 209,195 68,276 30,885 84,688 16,366 271,828 166,191 654,305 99.7 99.9 99.7 98.8 98.0 98.2 95.9 97.0 97.6 97.6 97.8 99.1 99.5 99.2 99.3 94.6 98.7 96.0 98.9 96.4 85.8 82.9 70.3 68.2 94.9 69.0 47.3 56.0 59.1 87.3 77.4 56.6 43.8 70.7 56.3 87.4 81.7 95.8 98.2 96.9 98.0 93.3 84.0 98.7 90.2 97.9 98.7 97.5 156,663 78,394 67,945 363,035 49,95* 125,272 927,995 288,821 1,160,416 830,354 577,899 647,697 319,637 140,549 111,088 315,389 588,496 29,600 48,349 146,645 298,578 37,070 209,793 S5,194 335,607 241,703 354,416 156,965 330,779 87,708 441,093 400,706 269,397 171,849 234,232 166,066 276,301 668,533 34,086 40,258 15,648 122, 780 56,719 17,337 26,838 7,317 141,260 104, 149 308,000 69.4 57.9 63.6 33.8 30.0 37.4 33.7 39.2 54.9 59.4 75.0 41.3 40.7 23.0 21.7 52.2 65.7 24.2 36.0 49.2 68.0 63.4 56.1 47.5 64.7 84.8 68.2 45.6 53.9 49.1 76.1 73.9 53.7 41.6 66.5 42.0 77.6 64.3 41.7 57.7 54.3 67.5 77.5 39.5 31.3 40.3 50.9 61.9 25,589 19,004 20,234 246,539 40,305 77,002 710,145 166,074 314,929 117,643 421,178 224,713 262,260 192,518 175,267 171,954 37,987 43,530 79,569 75,572 6,573 56,820 16,118 9,533 15,872 2,316 3,577 7,579 7,610 47,716 12,485 8,602 6,073 9,140 37,276 22,208 73,423 20,289 17,043 6,209 43,605 5,494 7,475 32,901 5,189 59,732 32,273 174,435 11.3 14 18.9 22.9 24.2 23.0 25.8 22.5 18.8 22.5 15.3 26.9 28.6 42.9 37.6 29.0 19.2 31.0 32.4 26.7 17.2 11.2 15.2 13.9 1.8 5.6 0.4 1.0 1.2 4.3 8.2 2.3 1.7 1.5 2.6 9.4 6.2 8.3 24.8 24.4 21.5 20.4 7.5 17.0 38.4 28.6 21.5 19.2 26.0 42,855 37,789 18,419 452,028 72,860 127,652 251,833 492,387 219,328 56,666 464,139 234,624 205,108 204,589 108,786 87,547 53,193 36,893 68,635 49,120 6,517 43,284 10,350 8,376 12,723 1,851 2,083 4,829 10,344 17,490 6,455 6,117 2,865 5,592 19,131 12,757 80, 107 23,956 11,242 6,075 42,810 6,063 12,073 24,849 3,860 70,836 29, 769 171,870 19.0 27.9 17.2 42.1 43.8 38.1 38.7 34.2 23.3 15.7 7.4 29.6 29.8 33.6 39.9 18.0 9.8 43.5 27.5 23.0 11.2 11.2 11.6 8.9 1.6 4.5 0.4 0.6 0.8 5.8 3.0 1.2 1.2 0.7 9.1 29.3 16.1 21.1 20.1 8.3 27.5 29.0 21.3 25.5 17.7 25.6 401 176 277 12,648 3,178 5,142 49,300 29,866 33,683 18,386 34,372 5,318 939 2,061 4,124 48,057 153 220 2,369 15,289 8,281 63,899 34,449 164,844 14,667 159,236 181,264 269,937 72,998 73,413 122,707 217,676 231,901 102,917 172, 711 30,208 161,959 0.2 0.1 0.3 1.2 1.9 1.5 1.8 4.1 3.0 2.4 2.4 2.2 0.7 0.2 0.4 0.7 5.4 0.1 0.2 0.8 3.5 14.2 17.1 29.7 31.8 5.1 30.7 52.7 44.0 40.9 12.7 22.6 43.4 29.2 43.7 8.5 18.3 553 0.7 187 0.3 494 1.7 3,861 1.8 441 0.6 635 1.4 313 0.4 202 1.1 1,697 0.6 443 0.3 6,936 1.0 228 8 192 50 1,502 162 2,146 73 81 1,468 5,188 806 373 1 12 22 110 3 1,655 65 20 16 43 54 167 244 112 149 14,718 153 2,811 1,031 376 284 4,424 6,329 747 1,511 2,904 1,323 4,209 8,607 63 260 80 56 49 11 67 421 7,600 43 7 13 196 39 25 14 3 49 3 6 9 5 17 7 16 2 11 15 3 1 1 4 5 1 21 2 43 46 57 38 85 11 42 81 61 1,298 366 5,936 MALES OF MILITIA AGE. 119 MAIES OF MILITIA AGE— 18 TO 44 YEARS. Men from 18 to 44 years of age, inclusive, are subject to militia duty under the laws of most states, arid represent substantially the theoretical fighting strength of the country in case of war. Table 43 gives, by divisions and states, the total number of males of this class in 1910 and in 1900, with a further classification of the number in 1910 according to color or race, nativity, and parentage. The total number of males from 18 to 44 years of age ia 1910 was 20,473,684, constituting 22.3 per cent of the total population of the country and 43.3 per cent of the total male population. Males of this age in 1900 constituted 21.3 "per cent of the total population and 41.7 per cent of the total number of males. In 1910, 48.7 per cent of the males 18 to 44 years of age were native whites of native parentage, 19.1 per cent native whites of foreign or mixed parentage, 21.8 per cent foreign-born whites, and 9.7 per cent negroes. MALES PROM 18 TO 44 YEARS OF AGE, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES: 1910 AND 1900. Table 43 TOTAL MALES 18 TO 44 YEAES OF AGE, INCLUSIVE. NATIVE WHITE. EOEEIGN-BOEN WHITE. NBGEO. Indian, Chinese, Japar nese, and all DIVISION AND STATE. 1910 1900 Increase: 1900-1910 Per cent of total population. Native parentage. Foreign or mixed parentage. Number. Per cent. 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 United States 20,473,684 16,182,702 4,290,982 26.6 22.3 21.3 9,978,600 8,014,406 3,901,682 3,306,335 4,471,688 3,068,059 1,986,416 1,680,052 136,399 Geographic divisions: New England Middle Atlantic East Nortli Central... West North Central . . Soutli Atlantic East South Central . . . West South Central. . 1,468,900 4,542,493 4,102,692 2,612,096 2,406,895 1,627,471 1,813,048 714,143 1,196,947 1,236,976 3,468,069 3,468,041 2,246,129 1,979,974 1,431,419 1,286,476 441,527 634,091 221,924 1,074,424 644,661 365,966 425,921 196,052 626,672 272,616 562,856 17.9 31.0 18.6 16.3 21.5 13.7 40.9 61.7 88.8 22.3 23.6 22.5 22.4 19.7 19.4 20.6 27.1 28.6 22.1 22.4 21.6 21.7 19.0 19.0 19.7 26.4 26.2 500,616 1,706,717 1,940,296 1,313,575 1,429,625 1,042,804 1,166,405 350,286 628,277 490,420 1,439,231 1,663,859 1,123,999 1,159,974 891,791 783,320 201,740 270,072 366,428 Is Oil, 509 1,108,243 747,115 90,855 50,972 129,943 150,057 256,660 298,312 905,008 996,005 603,917 90,392 60,161 100,947 102,046 149,547 581,585 1,700,877 966,436 478,077 103,836 22,382 101,609 181,864 335,022 429,668 1,024,790 736,240 453,687 57,169 20,733 74,361 111,636 169,795 17,326 116,040 81,757 64,212 779,086 510,692 401,043 7,011 9,360 14,770 88,818 67,013 66,051 669,921 457,976 316,706 5,675 4,122 2,946 8,350 6,961 9,116 2,594 721 14,048 24,925 Pacific 67,738 New England: 151,325 90,367 73,686 760,324 125,213 257,996 2,156,361 697,613 1,788,619 1,076,928 580,567 1,330,556 616,729 497,922 491,113 476,829 721,166 145,628 140,635 267,497 370,227 44,634 271,373 78,349 398,728 275,048 392,192 276, 788 497,096 171,688 457,493 423,088 401,146 345,746 311,792 338,343 357,933 804,980 123,232 86,384 64,654 203,982 73,097 58,962 84,449 29,383 340,872 190,563 665,622 142,175 88,149 70,850 632,369 95,737 207,696 1,639,395 422,758 1,405,916 893,327 530,615 1,091,472 516,802 425,825 399,734 476,760 662,928 80,191 87,605 236,572 304,439 40,029 243,776 62,981 346,030 200,603 326,202 236,767 409,186 114, 600 428,622 384,249 328,949 289,599 260,380 268,739 168,136 699,221 83,574 41,783 32,988 142,136 41,464 34,231 63,766 11,596 149,686 106,628 378,877 9,150 2,208 2,835 127,955 29,476 50,300 616,966 174,756 382,703 183,601 49,942 239,084 99,927 72,097 91,379 09 68,238 66,437 53,130 31,925 65,788 4,605 27,597 15,368 52,698 74,545 66,990 40,021 87,909 67,188 28,871 38,839 72,196 66,146 61,412 69,604 189,797 206,759 39,658 44,601 21,666 61,846 31,633 24,731 30,694 17,787 191,286 84,925 286,645 6.4 2.6 4.0 20.2 30.8 24.2 31.5 41.3 27.2 20.6 9.4 21.9 19.3 16.9 22.9 (>) 8.8 81.6 60.7 13.6 21. e 11.5 11.3 24.4 15.2 37.2 20.2 16.9 21.5 49.9 6.7 10.1 21.9 19.4 24.5 25.9 112.9 34.3 47.5 106.7 66.7 43.5 76.3 72.2 67.1 163.4 127.9 80.4 75.7 20.4 21.0 20.7 22.6 23.1 23.1 23.7 23.6 23.3 22.6 21.5 23.6 21.9 21.3 23.7 21.4 21.9 25.2 24.1 22.4 21.9 22.1 20.9 23.7 19.3 22.6 17.8 18.3 19.1 22.8 20.0 19.4 18.8 19.2 19.8 20.4 21.6 20.7 32.8 26.5 37.4 25.5 22.3 28.9 22.6 35.9 29.8 28.3 28.0 20.6 21.4 20.6 22.6 22.3 22.9 22.6 22.4 22.3 21.5 21.1 2i6 21.3 20.6 22.8 21.3 21.3 2^.1 21.8 22.1 20.7 21.7 20.5 22.6 18.7 20.9 17.2 17.7 18.5 21.7 20.0 19.0 18.0 18.7 19.1 19.6 21.3 19.7 34.3 26.8 36.7 26.3 21.2 27.8 19.4 27.4 28,9 26.6 26.6 94,710 42,104 43,100 212,579 32,212 76,911 664,731 205,016 846,970 621,653 431,567 527,411 235,221 124,443 109,967 249,216 483,268 37,362 64,311 131,046 248,415 26,394 153,567 38,078 256,336 211,721 271,439 128,262 267,666 77,062 359,347 315,443 222,297 145,717 209,990 163,426 279,264 623,726 47,659 47,102 26,696 112,306 63,737 22,629 29,189 11,069 155,048 106,647 266,682 96,430 47,679 42,351 203,316 28,476 72,168 644,138 160,662 734,631 523,276 389,203 455,457 197,268 88,665 81,312 243, 701 434,875 16,582 27,312 317,542 202,676 24,084 131,720 29,807 216,888 166,264 223,643 102,298 214,987 60,283 320,526 280,109 176,989 116,168 169,937 104,614 128,621 380,148 28,454 20,238 16,037 76,092 29,730 12,656 14,978 3,665 70,391 69,595 140,086 22,666 16,774 14,214 203,866 34,685 64,223 558,652 140,241 312,616 222,993 81,639 367,467 199,467 236,797 204,803 153, 166 132,421 61,647 51,198 83,237 70,644 5,077 39,343 10,613 8,026 11,530 1,706 2,443 6,893 6,224 31,475 8,844 6,376 4,277 8,381 24,881 22,201 74,480 26,684 19,710 9,798 39,265 6,741 9,269 32,924 6,776 67,507 34,653 164,400 18,681 13,662 16,708 168,335 26,004 66,022 607,562 110,317 287,139 227,443 96,612 316,894 157,233 199,923 149,863 149,069 136,856 19,634 28,027 61,618 58,860 4,986 41,554 9,660 7,467 12,630 1,644 2,686 6,681 4,206 38,563 10,204 6,736 4,658 7,325 28,118 11,016 54,489 18,458 10,600 7,304 27,784 3,885 6,025 24,842 3,148 27,534 18, M2 103,471 33,338 31,291 15,467 331,809 56,743 113,937 897,977 228,193 574,707 202,580 51,657 402,334 175,939 133,926 171,816 69,160 63,626 55,217 31,326 49,349 37,683 6,229 28,824 6,927 9,460 30,582 2,106 1,976 6,432 12,300 8,284 6,026 6,182 2,890 4,687 16,159 13,455 68,308 44,668 17,237 14,963 46, 740 9,109 20,679 19, 277 9,291 102,786 42,372 189,864 26,506 26,649 12,556 249,619 38,797 75,532 553,934 132,994 337,862 118,697 31,636 294,264 157,103 134,761 165,140 79,470 62,886 42,484 28,365 53,679 31,674 4,292 22,322 4,500 5,512 7,939 1,289 1,423 3,604 6,288 9,844 4,408 4,318 2,163 4,004 13,107 6,656 50,584 30,886 8,478 8,280 36,144 4,511 8,846 12,442 3,049 42,206 18,290 99,299 330 137 895 10,064 2,367 3,562 39,488 23,099 62,453 29,269 16,530 31,702 4,459 797 2,743 4,011 41,441 250 271 2,600 12,896 6,911 49,386 22,472 125,692 21,134 115, 647 144,019 217,970 75,954 58,306 93,709 166,099 192,478 88,627 144,430 30,148 137,838 613 253 1,253 3,241 474 668 445 164 2,538 613 6,199 294 160 204 8,623 2,142 3,447 26,868 17,658 44,302 23,684 14,147 24,671 3,766 746 1,772 3,373 37,949 93 137 2,010 10,717 6,622 47, 746 18,677 115,872 13,621 98,691 130,283 184,863 53,646 59,635 89,452 141,828 167,061 69,065 122,381 10,927 113,343 557 104 449 2,501 653 1,047 327 37 1,009 456 2,658 281 New Hampshire 51 9 Massachusetts 2,016 216 373 Middle Atlantic: New York 5,513 964 1,873 East North Central: Ohio 433 Indiana 264 1,652 Michigan .. 1,653 1,959 West North Central: 1,784 277 Missouri 420 North Dakota South Dakota Nebraska 1,152 3,629 1,265 689 South Atlajjtic: 23 253 ' District of Columbia. . Virginia 259 214 West Virginia North Carolina South Carolina 81 1,394 88 134 148 East South Central: 81 Tennessee 66 191 Mississippi 383 West South Central: 107 447 12,866 629 Mountain: Montana V3. 1,945 2,430 New Mexico 4,036 Utah 2,614 PiCiric: Washington . . 12,993 48,477 1 Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. 2 Includes population of Indian Territory for 1900. Chaptbe 3. AGE AND MARITAL CONDITION. AGE STATISTICS. Introduction.— This chapter contains a summary of the data relative to age, and to the marital condition of the population, reported at the Thirteenth Census, taken as of April 15, 1910, with comparative figures for prior censuses. Statistics are presented for the geographic divisions, the states, and the principal cities of the United States. Alaska, Hawaii, Porto Rico, and other outljdng possessions are not included. It is impossible to claim entire accuracy for census statistics of age. Some people do not know their true ages; some people seem deliberately to report them incorrectly; and the reports for a good many persons are not made by the persons themselves, but by others who have not exact knowledge as to the age. There is a conspicuous tendency to report ages in round numbers; the number reported as 40 years of age, for example, is far greater than the number reported as either 39 or 41. In the present report, however, indi- vidual years are not shown, but only groups of years. When the ages are combined into groups of 5, 10, or more years the margin of error is probably small. UNITED STATES AS A WHOLE. Classification by 6-year age periods : 1910. — Table 1 , page 122, shows for 1910, by 5-year age periods, the population of the United States as a whole and of each of the principal race, nativity, and parentage classes, with a further distinction according to sex. Table 2 shows the relative importance of the different age groups by means of percentages. The facts brought out by the tables can be much more clearly seen by means of diagrams. The diagram on this page presents the age distribution of the total population according to sex. The percentages which are shown in connection with the diagram differ from those in Table 2, in order to permit a comparison of the relative number of males and females in each age group. In Table 2 the percentage distribution by age for males is based on the total male population and for females on the total female population, but in the diagram the percentages for each sex are based upon the total population. For example, the diagram shows that males 15 to 19 years of age form 4.9 per cent of the total population while, as shown in Table 2, they form 9.6 per cent of the male population. Where a population is maintained entirely by nat- ural increase the number at any given year of age will, of course, be determined by the births in a corre- sponding earlier year, minus the deaths which have occurred among persons born in that year. Since death claims its victims at all ages, the number of survivors will, under all ordinary conditions, diminish with advancing age, so that if the figures for the two sexes are represented on opposite sides of a vertical axis a diagram showing age distribution takes ap- proximately the form of a pyramid or triangle. The death rate, however, is not uniform at all ages. It is very high during the first year after birth, decreases gradually until about the twelfth year, and then increases slowly until middle life, after which the ac- celeration is rapid. As the result of these variations, the age diagram for a normal population is not a per- fect pyramid, but is slightly bell-shaped. There is also some difference between the two sexes in a normal population with respect to the number born and the death rates at different ages, so that the age diagram would not be altogether symmetrical. DISTRIBUTION BY AGE PERIODS OF TOTAL POPULATION: 1910. 0.6 70' _|_ 0.9 2.3 E.4 6.9 65 60- -64 55- -59 50- -54 46- -49 40- -44 UNDER -1 I 74 o.a _L 69 36- -39 30- -34 26- -29 20- -24 I5--I9 I0--I4 1.2 1.9 2.3 4.3 V- 1^ 4.9 6.3 4 3 2 10 12 PER CENT 3 4 6 6 (121) 122 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. DISTRIBUTION BY AGE PERIODS OP THE POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES: 1910. Table 1 AGE PERIOD. All ages Under 5 years Under 1 year.. S to 9 years 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 39 years 40 to 44 years 45 to 49 years 50 to 54 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 to 69 years 70 to74 years 75 to 79 years 80 to 84 years 85 to 89 years ..... 90 ti 94 years 95 to 99 years 100 years and over Age nnTmnwn ALL CLASSES. Both 91,972,266 10,631,364 2,217,342 9,760,632 9,107,140 9,063,603 9,056,984 8,180,003 6,972,185 6,396,100 6,261,587 4,469,197 3,900,791 2,786,951 2,267,150 1,679,603 1,113,728 667,302 321,754 122,818 33,473 7,391 3,565 169,055 Male. 47,332,277 6,380,596 1,123,409 4,924,123 4,601,753 4,527,282 4,580,290 4,244,348 3,656,768 3,367,016 2,786,350 2,378,916 2,110,013 1,488,437 1,185,966 863,994 561,644 331,280 153,745 56,335 14,663 3,045 1,380 114,443 Female. 14,639,989 5,250,768 1,093,933 4,836,509 ■ 4,506,387 4,536,321 4,476,694 3,935,655 3,315,417 3,029,084 2,475,237 2,090,281 1,790,778 1,298,514 1,081,184 815,609 562,084 336,022 168,009 66,483 18,920 4,346 2,175 54,612 Both sexes. 81,731,957 9,322,914 1,965,606 8,475,173 7,918,408 7,968,391 7,986,411 7,257,136 6,267,276 5,731,845 4,780,272 4,061,062 3,655,313 2,564,206 2,069,323 1,649,964 1,030,884 620,992 294,555 110,936 27, 161 4,757 764 134,224 Male. 42,178,246 4,728,660 993,242 4,285,366 4,006,104 3,999,143 4,070,955 3,792,224 3,297,169 3,024,002 2,537,219 2,161,848 1,915,860 1,363,821 1,076,753 792,310 518,888 307,446 . 141,301 50,843 ' 11,970 1,936 326 94,112 Female. 39,653,712 4,694,264 962,363 4,189,807 3,912,304 3,969,248 3,915,456 3,464,912 2,970,107 2,707,843 2,243,053 1,899,214 1,639,463 1,200,385 992,570 757,644 511,996 313,546 153,254 60,093 15,191 2,822 438 40,112 Both 9,827,763 1,263,288 252,386 1,246,553 1,155,266 1,060,416 1,030,796 881,227 668,089 633,449 455,413 385,909 326,070 209,622 186,502 123,550 78,839 44,018 25,579 11, 166 6,850 2,447 2,675 31,040 4,885,881 629,320 126,469 619,176 578,074 507,945 482,167 421,805 332, 163 320,450 229,680 199,928 179,387 115,090 101,149 67,956 40,584 22,667 11,^96 5,164 2,394 1,017 1,004 17,076 Female. 4,941,882 633,968 126,927 627,378 577,192 662,471 548,638 459,422 336,926 312,999 225,733 185,981 146,683 94,532 85,353 55,594 38,256 21,351 13,883 6,002 3,456 1,430 1,671 13,964 Both 266,683 40,384 8,216 36,541 31,393 28,486 21,844 18,137 15,243 14,834 11,961 9,887 9,343 7,171 6,524 4,482 3,382 2,105 1,565 691 468 187 116 Male. Female. 136,133 20,202 4,127 18,349 16,199 14,612 11,265 9,237 7,756 7,721 6,126 5,103 4,914 3,706 3,332 2,259 1,561 304 185 50 481 130,560 20,182 4,089 18,192 16,194 13,874 10,679 8,900 7,487 7,113 5,835 4,784 4,429 3,465 3,192 2,223 1,821 1,122 870 387 273 94 66 468 Table 1— Continued. AGE PERIOD. All ages. Under 5 years Under 1 year. 5 to 9 years... 10 to 14 years. Ij to 19 years. 20 to 24 years. 25 to 29 years. 30 to 34 years. 35 to 39 years. 40 to 44 years. 46 to 49 years. 50 to 54 years. 65 to 69 years. 60 to 64 years. 65 to 69 years. . 70 to 74 years. 75 to 79 years. 80 to 84 years. 85 to 89 years 90 to 94 years 95 to 99 years 100 years and over. Age nnlmnwn CHmESE, JAPANESE, AND ALL OTHER. Both 146,863 4,778 1,136 2,366 2,073 6,310 17,934 23,603 21,577 15,972 13,941 12,339 10,065 5,952 4,801 1,517 623 187 56 25 4 2,842 Male. 133,018 2,424 581 1,233 1,376 6,582 16,913 21,082 19,680 14,843 13,325 12,037 9,852 5,820 4,732 1,469 611 184 53 24 4 2,774 Fe- male. 13,845 2,364 664 1,132 697 728 2,021 2,421 1,897 1,129 616 302 213 132 NATIVE WHITE. Native isrentage. Both sexes. 49,488,575 6,546,282 1,369,140 5,861,015 6,324,283 5,089,055 4,682,922 4,049,074 3,401,601 3,046,381 2,450,385 2,071,976 1,950,127 1,490,463 1,227,434 931, 607 623, 594 378, 823 179,251 67,966 16,632 2,766 439 97,509 Male. 25,229,218 3,326,237 696,200 2,969,230 2,700,656 2,562,!)28 2,332,914 2,046,597 1,741,569 1,580,139 1,273,905 1,081,912 1,040,745 789,243 636,425 470,760 310,780 185,109 84,278 30, 166 7,041 1,045 180 68,769 Female. 24,259,357 3,220,045 672,940 2,891,785 2,623,627 2,636,627 2,360,008 2,002,477 1,660,032 1,465,242 1,176,480 990,064 909,382 701,220 692,009 460,867 312,814 193,714 94,973 37, 800 9,591 1,711 269 28,740 Foreign or mixed parentage. Both sexes. 18,897,837 2,674,125 679,730 2,316,649 2,236,795 2,205,575 1,873,108 1,545,366 1,359,960 1,278,371 1,026,412 8«,726 680, 131 380,223 214,306 129,960 70,323 33,957 14,014 5,637 1,495 278 32 10,604 Male. 9,425,239 1,350,473 293,515 1,166,484 1,124,145 1,094,861 914,121 755,051 666,932 631,866 511,795 423,481 194,468 109,414 66,144 36,367 16,925 6,761 2,696 736 123 20 6,637 Female. 9,472,698 1,323,662 286,215 1,150,165 1,111,650 1,110,714 958,987 790,315 693,028 646,515 514,617 419,245 331,272 185,755 104,892 63,806 34,966 17,032 7,263 2,941 759 165 12 4,867 FOEEIGN-BORN WHITE. Both 13,346,645 102,507 6,735 298,509 358,330 673,761 1,430,381 1,662,696 1,505,715 1,408,093 1,303,475 1,146,360 925,055 693,520 627,583 488,397 336,967 208,212 101,290 37,433 9,034 1,723 293 26,211 Male. 7,623,788 51,940 3,627 150,652 181,303 351,764 823,920 990,576 888,668 812,007 751,519 656,455 526,256 380,110 331,914 266,416 172,751 105,412 50,262 18,081 4,193 767 126 19,706 Female. 6,821,767 60,567 3,208 147,857 177,027 322,007 606,461 672,120 617,047 696,086 551,956 489,905 398,799 313,410 295,669 232,981 164,216 102,800 61,028 19,362 4,841 956 167 6,505 AGE DISTRIBUTION. 123 PER CENT DISTRIBUTION BY AGE PERIODS OP THE POPULATION OP THE UNITED STATES: 1910. Table 2 AGE PERIOD. All ages Under 5 years Under 1 year. . 5to9years 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 3D to 34 years 35 to 39 years 40 to 44 years 45 to 49 years 50 to 64 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 to 69 years 70 to 74 years 75 to 79 years 80 to 84 years 85 to 89 years 90 to 94 years 95 to 99 years 100 years and over Age unknown ALL CLASSES. Both sexes. 100.0 11.6 2.4 10.6 9.9 9.9 8.9 7.6 7.0 5.7 4.9 4.2 3.0 2.5 1.8 1.2 0.7 0.3 0.1 Male. 11.4 2.4 10.4 9.7 9.0 7.7 7.1 6.9 6.0 4.5 3.1 2.6 1.8 1.2 0.7 0.3 0.1 Female. 100.0 11.8 2.5 10.8 10.1 10.2 10.0 8.8 7.4 6.8 5.5 4.7 4.0 2.9 2.4 1.8 1.2 0.8 0.4 0.1 0.1 Both 100.0 11.4 2.4 10.4 9.7 9.7 9.8 8.9 7.7 7.0 5.8 5.0 4.8 3.1 2.5 1.9 1.3 0.8 0.4 0.1 0.2 Male. 100.0 11.2 2.4 10.2 9.6 9.6 9.7 9.0 7.8 7.2 6.0 6.1 4.5 3.2 2.6 1.9 1.2 0.7 0.3 0.1 0.2 Female. 100.0 11.6 2.4 10.6 9.9 10.0 9.9 8.8 7.5 6.8 5.7 4.8 4.1 3.0 2.5 1.9 1.3 0.8 0.4 0.2 0.1 Both sexes. 100.0 12.9 2.6 12.7 11.8 10.8 10.5 9.0 6.8 6.4 4.6 3.9 3.3 2.1 1.9 1.3 0.8 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.3 Male. 100.0 12.9 2.6 12.7 11.8 10.4 9.9 8.6 6.8 6.6 47 4.1 3.7 2.4 2.1 1.4 0.8 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.3 Female. 100.0 12.8 2.6 12.7 11.7 11.2 11.1 6.8 6.3 46 3.8 3.0 1.9 1.7 1.1 0.8 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.3 Both Male. sexes. 100.0 100.0 15.2 14 9 3.1 3.1 13.8 13.6 11.8 12.0 10.7 10.8 8.2 8.3 6.8 6.8 6.7 6.7 6.6 5.7 4 5 4 5 3.7 3.8 3.5 3.6 2.7 2.7 2.5 2.5 1.7 1.7 1.3 1.2 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 (') (') 0.4 0.4 Female. 100.0 15.5 3.1 13.9 11.6 10.6 8.1 6.8 6 7 64 45 3.7 3.4 2.7 2.4 1.7 1.4 0.9 0.7 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.4 Table 3— Continued. AGE PERIOD. All a^es.. Under 5 years Under 1 year. 5 to 9 years... 10 to 14 years. 15 to 19 years. 20 to 24 years. 25 to 29 years. 30 to 34 years. 35 to 39 years. 40 to 44 years. 45to49yaers. 50 to 64 years. 55 to 59 years. 60 to 64 years. 65 to 69 years. 70 to 74 years. 75 to 79 years. 80 to 84 years. 85 to 89 years 90 to 94 years 95 to 99 years 100 years and over. Age unknown CHINESE, JAPANESE, AND ALL OTHEB. Both 100.0 0.8 1.6 1.4 4 3 12.2 16.0 14 7 10.9 9.5 8.4 6.9 41 3.3 1.0 0.4 0.1 0) 8 Male. 1.9 100.0 1.8 0.4 0.9 1.0 42 12.0 15.8 14 8 11.2 10.0 9.0 7.4 44 3.6 1.1 0.5 0.1 (') 8 Female. 100.0 17.0' 4 8.2 6 5.3 14 6 17.5 13.7 8.2 4 4 2.2 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.3 0.1 0) 0.5 NATIVE WHITE. FOKEIGN-BOEN WHITE. Native parentage. Both 100.0 13.2 2.8 11.8 10.8 10.3 9.5 8.2 6.9 6.2 6.0 42 3.9 3.0 2.5 1.9 1.3 0.8 0.4 0.1 0.2 Male. Female. 100.0 13.2 2.8 11.8 10.7 10.1 9.2 8.1 6.9 6.3 5.0 4 3 41 3.1 2.5 1.9 1.2 0.7 0.3 0.3 100.0 13.3 2.8 11.9 10.8 10.5 9.7 8.3 6.8 6.0 4.8 41 3.7 2.9 2.4 1.9 1.3 0.8 0.4 0.2 0.1 Foreigner mixed parentage. Both sexes. Male. Female. 14 3.0 12.1 11.7 11.7 10.1 8.3 7.3 6.8 5.4 4 4 3.6 2.0 1.1 0.7 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.1 Both Male. 100.0 100.0 0.8 0.7 0.1 (') 2.2 2.0 2.7 2.4 6 4 7 10.7 11.0 12.6 13.2 11.3 11.8 10.6 10.8 9.8 10.0 8.6 8.7 6.9 7.0 5.2 61 47 4 4 3.7 3.4 2.5 2.3 1.6 1.4 0.8 0.7 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 « 0.2, 0.3 Female. 100.0 0.9 0.1 2.5 3.0 5.5 10.4 11.5 10.6 10.2 9.5 8.4 6.9 5.4 5.1 4 2.8 1.8 0.9 S 0.3 0.1 0.1 Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. 124 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. DISTRIBUTION BY AGE PEBIODS OF THE PEINCIPAL CLASSES OF THE POPTTLATION: 1910. 6,7 7 NATIVE WHITE OF NATIVE PARENTAGE. 4 4.1 2 1 I.S 1 6 8 ra 74 6 3.9 1.2 .8 2.0 3.0 4.0 .7 .0 65 69 60.. ^64 55- 59 1.4 2.1 50- 54 2.2 45' 49 e 40 44 2.' 3.2 35 39 .6 30 ■34 3. 20- '24 < " 6.2 -^ 15- ■t9 B.I s .5 V s/ 10 -14 V ^ B.5 6.0 "J^ 5 ' 9 S.B 1 UNDER 1 5 ■ B 5 <• 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 6 6 NATIVE WHITE OF FOEEIGN OE MIXED PAEENTAOE. « 4. 3 4.0 2. 1 0. ! 0.4 0.1 1.0 70 74 0.2 r 1 65- 69 0.3 60 64 0.6 .8 .7 .7 55' ■59 1.0 50 54 2.2 45 49 2.2 40 44 : 1.3 36 39 3.. .6 30' ■34 ! 25- '29 4.2 20 24 . 4, 6.1 l — 6.8 1 ^ 16 -19 N/ 6.9 6.! 1 10 ■14 .» / ^ >.9 6.2 C 5 ■ 9 |.., 1 UNDER 1 5 7 e 6 4 3 2 1 PER CENT 2 3 4 6 6 7 FOREIGN-BOEN WHITE. ^ 70- -^74 65 60- -64 50-54 45-49 20 10 0.4 UNDI J I 69 69 35-39 30- -34 25' -29 24 ♦■I CO I5--I9 14 5 -f 9 I 3 2 10 12 3 4 PER GENT NEGEO. 0.7 65 • I 60 50' '54 45 "49 40 36 20 69 0.6 64 0.9 69 1 1.0 44 39 30' -34 26< '29 24 ie< >ig 6 ■• 9 2 I PER CENT 12 3 4 6 16.6 J 7 AGE DISTRIBUTION. 125 In the case of the United States the distribution by age, and more especially by sex at different ages, is materially affected by the presence of the foreign born. The immigrants are mostly of adult age when they arrive in this country and comprise more males than females. Consequently the bars in the diagram on page 124 representing the age periods of adult life are somewhat longer than they would be for a population recruited solely by natural increase, and the side of the diagram representing the males is extended dis- proportionately. The wide differences in the age distribution of the principal classes of the population are best shown by the four accompanying diagrams, which relate to the native whites of native parentage, the native whites of foreign or mixed parentage, the foreign-born whites, and the negroes, respectively. No two of these diagrams are identical in form, and the only one whose shape has not been influenced more or less by immigration is that representing the negro population. The extraordinary character of the age distribution of the foreign-born whites is ob- vious at a glance. The number ia the older age groups actually exceeds materially the number in the younger age groups, which is not true of any of the native classes. The great excess of males over females in this class is also conspicuously shown. The sex and age distribution of the Chinese and Japanese, who are largely foreign born, is also highly abnormal, as shown by Table 2. The influence of the foreign born upon the age dis- tribution of our population does not cease upon their arrival in this country. The children born to them after their arrival are, of course, included with the native population, and if the total native population were shown by ages it would be found that the num- ber of children was relatively somewhat greater than would be the case if the population were recruited solely by natural tacrease. This condition is brought out especially by the diagram showing the native white population of foreign or mixed parentage. In this group the proportion of children is somewhat larger, and the proportion of persons in the most advanced age groups much smaller, than in the case of the native white population of native parentage or the negro population. This is largely due to the fact that immi- gration to this country has greatly increased in vol- ume in recent years. If immigration should fall off or cease altogether, it is obvious that after a time the age composition of the second generation, consisting of the children born of immigrants, would become abnormal in having an unduly small — instead of an unduly large — proportion of persons in the younger age periods. Even the native white population of native parent- age is indirectly affected in its age distribution by immigration, since the children of the native whites of foreign or mixed parentage are included in the class of natives of native parentage. Nevertheless, the age distribution of the native whites of native parentage in the United States as a whole corresponds very closely to that of a normal population unaffected by migra- tion. A comparison of the diagram for this class with that for the negroes, therefore, indicates approximately the relative tendencies of the two races with respect to birth and mortality rates. Among the native whites of native parentage the percentage of persons in the older age groups is higher than among the negroes. Doubtless this difference is partly due to a lower death rate among the native whites than among the negroes, but it may also be affected by the relative birth rate of the two classes or by changes in the birth rate within the same class. A decline in the birth rate is a factor which tends to reduce the relative impor- tance of the younger age groups and increase that of the older. It is practically certain that the birth rate in the case of the white population of native stock has been steadily declining for many years. If there is a similar tendency among the negroes it is probably of more recent origin than in the case of the whites. The proportion of persons under 5 years of age is, however, also higher for the native whites of native parentage than for the negroes, doubtless partly be- cause of the high infant mortality among negroes. The diagram below, based on absolute numbers, is designed to show primarily the contras't in age distribu- tion between the native white and native negro popu- lation and the foreign-born white population. DISTRIBUTION BY AGE PERIODS OF NATIVE WHITE AND NEGRO AND OP FOREIGN-BORN WHITE POPU- LATION: 1910. NATIVE WHITE AND NEGRO MILLIONS [FOAEIGN-eORN WHITE MILLIONS NATIVE NEQRO I NATIVE WHITE - NATIVE PARENTAGE KgSSaa NATIVE WHITE - FOREIGN OR MIXED ^^iSSSa PARENTAGE ^y^ FOREIGN-BORN WHITE Classification by broader age periods : 1910.— For many purposes it is desirable to adopt an age classification which is less detailed than the one used in the pre- ceding tables and diagrams and at the same time corresponds approximately to certain well-recognized periods of life. Thus, the years under 5 may be roughly designated as early childhood; those from 5 to 14 as the school period; those from 15 to 24 as the period of youth; those from 25 to 44 as the prime of life; those from 45 to 64 as middle or late middle life; and those 65 and over as old age. 126 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. • Table 3 shows, for 1910, the distribution of the total population of the United States and of the principal race, nativity, and parentage classes by sex accord- ing to these six age periods. In this, as in most of the foUowing tables, the insignificant number of unknown age is not shown separately, but is included in the totals upon which the percentages for the several age periods are based. The percentages would scarcely differ at all if they were based on the population of known age instead of the total population. Table 3 CLASS OF POPULATION AKB AGE PEEIOD. Total population Under 5 years 5 to 14 years 15 to 24 years 26 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over Native white— Native parentage Under 5 years 6 to 14 years 15 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over Native wliite— Foreign or mixed parentage Under 6 years 5to 14 years 15 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over Foreign-bom wliite Under 5 years 5 to 14 years 15 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over Negro Under 5 years 5 to 14 years 15 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over Indian Under5yeais 5 to 14 years 15 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over Chinese, Japanese, and all other Under 5 years 6to 14 years 16 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over POPULATION: 1910 Total. 91,972,266 10,631,364 18,867,772 18,120,687 26,809,876 13,424,089 3,949,624 49,488,576 6,546,282 11,185,298 9,771,977 12,946,441 6,740,000 2,201,068 18,897,837 2,674,126 4,551,444 4,078,683 5,210,109 2,117,"" 266,586 13,345,545 102,507 656,839 2,104,142 5,879,979 3,392,618 1,183,349 9,827,763 1,263,288 2,401,819 2,091,211 2,638,178 1,108,103 294,124 265,683 40,384 67,934 60,330 60,176 32,926 12,986 146,863 4,778 4,438 24,244 74,993 33,157 2,411 Male. Female. 47,332,277 5,380,696 9,526,876 9,107,672 14,054,482 7,163,332 1,985,976 25,229,218 3,326,237 5,669, 4,885,442 6,642,210 3,647,325 1,089,349 24,259,357 3,220,045 6,516,412 4,886,635 6,304,231 3,192,675 1,111,719 9,425,239 1,350,473 2,289,629 2,008,982 2,566,634 1,076,222 128,662 '7,623,788 61,940 331,955 1,176,674 3,442,770 1,894,736 607,008 4,885,881 629,320 1,197,249 990,102 1,304,098 695,654 162,482 135,133 20,202 34,648 26,877 30,840 17,065 6,130 133,018 2,424 2,609 21,496 68,930 32,441 2,345 9,472,598 1,323,652 2,261,815 2,069,701 2,644,476 1,041,164 126,924 5,821,757 50,567 324,884 928,468 2,437,209 1,497,783 676,341 4,941,882 633,968 1,204,570 1,101,109 1,334,080 512,649 141,642 130,550 20,182 33,386 24,463 29,336 15,870 6,856 13,845 2,364 1,829 2,749 6,063 716 66 Male. 100.0 11.6 20.6 19.7 29.1 14.6 4.3 100.0 13.2 22.6 19.7 26.2 13.6 4.4 100.0 14.2 24.1 21.6 27.6 11.2 1.4 100.0 0.8 4.9 16.8 44.1 26.4 8.9 100.0 12.9 24.4 21.3 26.8 11.3 3.0 100.0 16.2 26.6 18.9 22.6 12.4 4.9 100. 3.3 3.0 16.5 61 22.6 1, Fe- male. 100.0 11.4 20.1 19.2 29.7 16.1 4.2 100.0 11.8 20.9 20.2 28.6 14.0 4.4 100.0 13.2 22.5 19.4 26, 14.1 4.3 100.0 13.3 22.7 20.1 26.1 13.2 4.6 100.0 14.3 24.3 21.3 27.2 11.4 1.4 100.0 0.7 4.4 16.6 46.8 26.2 8.1 100.0 12.9 24.6 20.3 26.7 12.2 3.1 100.0 14.9 26.6 19.1 22.8 12.6 4.5 100.0 1 2.0 16.2 61.8 24.4 1.8 100.0 14.0 23.9 21.8 27.9 11.0 1.3 100.0 0.9 6.6 16.9 41.9 25.7 100.0 12.8 24.4 22.3 27.0 10.4 2.9 100.0 16.5 25.6 18.7 22.5 12.2 6.3 100.0 17.0 13.2 19.9 43.8 5.2 0.5 to 100 fe- males. 104.0 103.3 102.8 100.0 106.4 111.1 98.0 99.5 102.0 101.2 97.1 97.0 103.4 101.4 129.2 102.7 102.2 126.6 141.3 126.6 106.3 98.9 99.3 99.4 89.9 97.8 116.2 107.7 103.5 100.1 103.6 105.8 105.1 107.5 89.4 960.8 103.0 142.6 781.9 1,136.9 4,630.9 (') 1 Katio not shown, the number of females being less than IOOl For convenience of comparison, the per cent distri- bution of the totals for the several classes shown in Table 3 is reproduced in Table 4. Table 4 Total. NATIVE WHITE . For- eign- bom white. Negro. Indian. Chi- AGE PERIOD. Native parent- age. Foreign or mixed parent- age. nese, Japa- nese, and all other. 100.0 11. a 20.5 19.7 29.1 14.6 4.3 100.0 13.2 22.6 19.7 26.2 13.6 4.4 100.0 14.2 24.1 21.6 27.6 11.2 1.4 100.0 0.8 4.9 15.8 44.1 25.4 8.9 100.0 12.9 24.4 21.3 26.8 11.3 3.0 100.0 . 15.2 26.6 18.9 22.6 12.4 4.9 100.0 3.3 3.0 16.5 51.1 22.6 65 years and over 1.6 Of the population of the country as a whole in 1910, children under 5 years of age formed 11.6 per cent; children from 5 to 14, 20.5 per cent; young persons from 15 to 24, 19.7 per cent; men and women from 25 to 44, 29.1 per cent; those from 45 to 64, 14.6 per cent; and those of 65 and over, 4.3 per cent. Table 4 shows clearly the differences already noted among the sev- eral classes of the population. Thus among native whites of foreign or mixed parentage children under 6 in 1910 formed 14.2 per cent of the total, the corre- sponding percentage for native whites of native parent- age being 13.2 ; on the other hand, only 12.6 per cent of the former were 45 yeai-s of age and over, as compared with 18.1 per cent of the latter. Conspicuously large is ■the proportion of the foreign-bom whites who are in the prime of life, the percentage of this class in the age period 25 to 44 being 44.1, as compared with 26.2 per cent for the native whites of native parentage, 27.6 for the native whites of foreign or mixed parentage, and 26.8 for the negroes. Table 3 facilitates comparisons of the relative num- bers of the two sexes in different age periods. In the total population of the country males outnumber females in each of the six age periods designated, the excess being particularly great in the age periods 25 to 44 and 45 to 64, where the disparity of the sexes among immigrants has its greatest effect. While, as already stated, the general age distribution of the native whites of native parentage, and still more, that of the native whites of foreign or mised parentage, is indirectly affected by immigration, the relative numbers of the two sexes in those classes, are, of course, independent of immigration and depend solely upon differences in the numbers of males and females born and the num- bers dying at different ages. Among the native whites of nsktife parentage the males, according to the returns, somewhat exceed the females in the two youngest age periods shown in the table and are again in excess in the age period 25 to 44, and conspicuously so in the period 45 to 64, but in the period 15 to 24 years the females sUghtly outnumbered the males. It is not easy to explain why the figures show such a marked excess of males over females in the native white population of native parentage, and more par- ticularly why this excess should be largely concen- trated in the age groups from 25 to 64 years of age. If these conditions actually exist, they would seem to indicate a much higher death rate among females than among males in the most active period of life, followed by a higher death rate among males in the later years. It is improbable, however, that any differences in the death rates of the two sexes wholly explain these conditions. The reported age distribu- tion of the two sexes and therefore the sex ratio by age groups may be affected by a greater tendency on the part of females to understate their age. It is not improbable, furthermore, that some persons of foreign birth or of native birth and foreign parentage are re- turned at the census as natives of native parentage. AGE DISTRIBUTION. 127 This error would be more likely to occur in the case of males than of females, for the reason that the former predominate among the foreign bom and for the further reason that the floating population, for which accurate information is difficult to obtain, consists mostly of males. It is possible also that the returns are affected in some slight degree by duplications, and this source of error would also be more apt to exaggerate the number of men than of women, for the reason that men are more likely to be away from home and there- fore are more liable to be counted twice, once where they are and agaia where they reside when at home. Among the native whites of foreign or mixed parent- age the females are in excess both ia the age period 15 ' to 24 and in that from 25 to 44, but the males are in excess in the most advanced age period as weU as in the younger ages. Among negroes also the conditions are quite different from those among native whites of na- tive parentage. Females outnumber males ia all of the age periods specified up to 44 years, but males are considerably in excess in the periods 45 to 64 and 65 years and over. Comparing the percentages in the several age groups for the two sexes, it will be seen that the greatest disparity in the case of the native whites of native parentage is in the age period 45 to 64 years, which in 1910 comprised 14.1 per cent of the males but only 13.2 per cent of the females. On the other hand, only 4.3 per cent of the males in this class were 65 years of age and over, as compared with 4.6 per cent of the females. For the negroes the most conspicuous differences be- tween males and females were in the age period 15 to 24 years, which comprised a decidedly larger propor- tion of the total number of females than of the total number of males, and in the age period 45 to 64 years, in which the opposite was the case. Comparison with previous censuses, — Table 5 shows the age distribution of the total population of the United States in 1910 and 1900, respectively, by five- year periods. The differences between the two cen- suses, while significant, are too small to be very clearly shown by means of a diagram. The proportion of the total population in each of the age periods under 15 years was smaller in 1910 than in 1900, while the proportion for the periods from 20 to 69 years, inclusive, was greater in 1910 than in 1900. The change which is thus shown for the past decade is a continuation of a tendency manifest for some time past. In 1880, 26.7 per cent of the popu- lation was under ten years .of age; in 1890, 24.3 per cent; in 1900, 23.7 per cent; and in 1910, 22.2 per cent. Such a change might be due to any one or more of three causes — a declining birth rate, a change in mor- tality rates, or increased immigration. Doubtless the first and third causes are actually operative. Mor- tality statistics, however, indicate that there has been a relatively greater reduction in death rates among children than among adults; consequently unless the birth rate had fallen off considerably one woidd have expected, after allowing for other factors, a larger proportion of children in 1910 than in 1900. Table 5 AGE PERIOD. All ages. Under S years.. Under 1 year. 6to9yeais... 10 to 14 years. 15 tol9 years . 20 to 24 years. 25 to 29 years.. 30 to 34 years.. 35 to 39 years.. 40 to 44 years. . 45 to 49 years . . 50 to 54 years.. 55 to 59 years . 60 to 64 years . 65 to 69 years . 70 to 74 years . 75 to 79 years . 80 to 84 years . 85 to 89 years 90 to 94 years 95 to 99 years 100 years and over . Age unknown TOTAL POPXJLATION. 1910 91,972,266 10,631,364 2,217,342 9,760,632 9,107,140 9,063,603 9,056,984 8,180,003 6,972,185 6,396,100 5,261,587 4,469,197 3,900,791 2,786,951 2,267,150 1,679,503 1,113,728 667,302 321,764 122,818 33,473 7,391 3,555 169,055 1900 75,994,676 9,170,628 1,916,892 8,874,123 8,080,234 7,556,089 7,335,016 6,529,441 5,556,039 4,964,781 4,247,166 3,454,612 2,942,829 2,211,172 1,791,363 1,302,926 883,841 519,867 261,512 88,600 23,992 6,265 3,604 200,584 PEE CENT OP TOTAL. 1910 1900 11.6 2.4 10.6 9.9 9.9 9.8 8.9 7.6 7.0 5.7 4.9 4.2 3.0 2.6 1.8 1.2 0.7 0.3 0.1 0.2 12.1 2.5 11.7 10.6 9.9 9.7 8.6 7.3 6.5 5.6 4.5 3.9 2.9 2.4 1.7 1.2 0.7 0.3 0.3 1 Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. It may be noted that the proportion of centena- rians, according to the census returns, was less in 1910 than in 1900. In fact, the proportion has steadily decreased from census to census foi" over half a cen- tury. The number of centenarians reported in 1910 was erqual to 4 for each 100,000 of the total popula- tion, whUe the corresponding ratio in 1850 was 11. It is improbable that any such decrease in longevity has actually occurred. By no means have all those who report themselves as 100 years old or more, 'in fact, reached that age, and the apparent reduction in the proportion of centenarians is probably due to greater accuracy in the returns. Table 6 compares the distribution of the population at the last two censuses, by classes, among a more limited number of age periods. The most significant statistics in this table are those for the native . whites of native parentage and the negroes, since the age distribution of these two classes is the least distorted by the influence of immigration. In both of these classes the proportion in the younger age periods was somewhat smaller in 1910 than in 1900, and the proportion in the older age periods somewhat greater. 128 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. Table 6 KdE PEBIOD. ALL CLASSES. 1910 1900 NATIVE "WHITE. Native parentage. 1910 1900 Foreign or mixed parentage. 1910 1900 POBEION-BOEN WHITE. 1910 1900 1910 1900 AH ages, number' Under 5 years 5 to 14 years 15 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 85 years and over All ages, per cent Under 5 years 5tol4yeai3 15 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over 91,972,266 10,631,364 18,867,772 18,120,587 26,809,875 13,424,089 3,949,524 100.0 11.6 20.5 19.7 29.1 14.6 4.3 75,994,675 9,170,628 16,954,357 14,891,106 21,297,427 10,399,976 100.0 12.1 22.3 19.6 28.0 13.7 4.1 49,488,675 6,546,282 11,185,298 9,771,977 12,946,441 6,740,000 ,2,201,068 100.0 13.2 22.6 19.7 26.2 13.6 4.4 40,949,362 5,464,881 9,834,610 8,040,562 10,272,124 5,509,928 1,715,226 100.0 13.3 24.0 19.6 25.1 13.5 4.2 18,897,837 2,674,126 4,651,444 4,078,683 5,210,109 2,117,386 265,686 100.0 14.2 24.1 21.6 27.6 11.2 1.4 15,646,017 2,402,702 4,304,197 3,356,443 4,393,428 1,039,960 141,146 100.0 15.4 27.5 21.5 28.1 6.6 0.9 13,345,646 102,607 656,839 2,104,142 5,879,979 3,392,518 1,183,349 100.0 0.8 4.9 15.8 44.1 25.4 8.9 10,213,817 52, 369 458,757 1,481,228 4,414,590 2,831,646 960,347 100.0 0.5 4.6 14.6 43.2 27.7 9.3 9,827,763 1,263,288 2,401,819 2,091,211 2,638,178 1,108,103 294,124 100.0 12.9 24.4 21.3 28.8 11.3 3.0 8,833,9(4 1,216,666 2,294,748 1,951,194 2,193.989 958,234 261,363 100.0 13.8 26.0 22.1 23.8 10.8 3.0 1 Includes a small number of persons ol unknown age. DIVISIONS AND STATES. Geographic divisions. — ^That very considerable dif- ferences exist among the divisions of the country with respect to the age distribution of the population will be seen from Table 7 and the accompanying diagram, which show, by percentages, the distribution of the total population of each of the nine geographic divi- sions in 1910 among certain broad age groups. Table 7 AGE PERIOD. All ages Under 6 years 5tol4years 16 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 to 64 years eSyearsandover. PEE CENT OF TOTAL POPULATION: 1910 100.0 9.8 17.4 18.3 31.4 17.1 5.9 lOOO 10.6 18.4 19.4 31.7 16.4 4.4 H 100.0 10.5 19.1 19.3 29.8 16.1 6.1 100.0 11.3 20.6 20.2 28.4 14.8 4.6 lOOO 13.6 24.0 20.4 25.8 12.6 100.0 13.8 24.3 20.4 26.4 12.4 3.6 5* 100.0 14.1 24.7 20.6 26.0 11.6 2.8 100.0 11.6 19.5 19.2 32.4 14.0 3.0 100.0 8.6 15.6 18.7 35.2 16.9 4.6 DISTRIBUTION BY AGE PERIODS OF TOTAL POPULA- TION BY DIVISIONS: 1910. PER CENT UNITED STATES NEW ENGLAND MID. ATLANTIC E. NO. CENTRAL W. NO. CENTRAL SOUTH ATLANTIC E. SO. CENTRAL W. 80. CENTRAL MOUNTAIN PACIFIC wmwM^^miyx^c^x^jO:^^ !^^^^ S^-S^^^ C^X ^^^^SSSS ^^M^MM^Z22&SS zs^sa ^s^^s SSI sap >^^^/^^:^^.\ g^^^^^:'^i^'>^;<^^^x 1 UNDER S I 5 TO 14 1^^$$^ I 5 TO 24 B^^ 2S TO 44 PBCI 46 TO 64 ^^^1 06 AND OVER The factors producing these differences in age distri- bution are complex. The racial composition of the population, the extent to which it has been recruited by immigration from abroad and the periods at which such immigraition has chiefly occurred, the relative proportions of urban and rural population, and the degree in which the population has gained or lost through interstate migration are important causes affecting the age distribution of the population of the several divisions, aside from the birth rates and death rates. In each of the four northern divisions, persons in the younger age periods form a smaller proportion of the total population, and those in the more advanced age periods a larger proportion, than in any of the three southern divisions. In considering these differ- ences it should be borne in mind that the northern divisions contain relatively a much larger urban population than the southern, and that they have received relatively far more foreign immigrants, while, on the other hand, the South has many more negroes than the North. The age period 25 to 44 years comprises a larger proportion of the total popu- lation in the Mountain and Pacific divisions than ia any other division. Table 11, pages 131 and 132, shows, by divisions, the age distribution of the total population and of the principal race, nativity, and parentage classes in 1910, with comparative figures for 1900. A detailed study of the absolute iiumbers and percentages for the several classes will help to explain the differences among the several divisions as regards the age distribution of the total population. It is of particular interest to compare the statistics with reference to the native whites of native parentage — a class which is largely represented in every geographic division, and whose age distribution is little affected by immigration from abroad, although much affected by migration from one division to another. For this class, considered by itself, differences in age distribution appear between the North, the South, and the West which correspond approximately to the differences between these sections with respect to the age distribution of the total population. There are relatively fewer children and relatively more persons in the prime of life and the older ages, in the northern divisions than in the southern. One explanation for this fact may be that the birth rate has declined in the North more than in the South. In fact, the North has lost more people in the prime of life by migration to the West than has the South, and had there been no AGE DISTRIBUTION. 129 interstate migration a still greater disparity would probably appear between tbe North and the South in the age distribution of the native whites of native parentage. The most conspicuous contrast is that between the New England division and the West South Central. In the former in 1910 only 9.6 per cent of the native whites of native parentage were children under 5 years of age, while 29.2 per cent were 45 years of age and over. In the West South Central division 15.2 per cent of the persons in this class were under 5 years of age, and only 13.5 per cent were 45 years of age and over. Although the Mountain and Pacific divisions differ considerably from each other with respect to the age distribution of the native whites of native parentage, in both, as in the case of the total population of all classes, persons from 25 to 44 years of age — the most active ages — constitute a larger proportion of the population of this class than in any of the other divisions. This is undoubtedly due chiefly to migra- tion, especially from the northern divisions, to the West. States.— Table 12, pages 133 to 135, shows, in abso- lute numbers, by states, the age distribution of the total population and of each of the four most important color or race, nativity, and parentage classes. Table 13, page 136, presents percentages by age periods for the total population of each state. In interpreting the differences among the states, the causes already mentioned as affecting the conditions in the several geographic divisions should be borne in mind. TTRBAN AKD BXTRAIu COMMTJNITIES. Urban and rural communities differ greatly with respect to the age distribution of the population, as appears from Table 8, which gives statistics for the United States as a whole in 1910, and from the accompanying diagram, which groups the ages into three main periods. Urban conununities, as defined by the Census Bureau, comprise all iacorporated places of 2,500 inhabitants or more, including New England towns of that size. The absolute numbers presented in this table are quite as significant as the percentages. In the United States as a whole there are many more persons in each of the age groups comprising persons under 20 years of age in the rural communities than in the urban communities, but in each of the age groups com- prising persons from 20 to 54 years of age, which embrace the most active period of fife, there are more persons in urban than in rural communities. On the other hand, the rural communities contained more persons in advanced middle life and old age. The urban communities contained in 1910 considerably less than half (46.3 per cent) of the total population of the country of all ages, but they contained over half (51.8 per cent) of the persons between 20 and 54 years of age. There were 22,925,133 persons between 20 and 54 72497°— 13 9 in urban communities, as compared with 21,311,714 in rural communities. Such persons constituted 53.8 per cent of the total urban population, but only 43.2 per cent of the rural. Table 8 AGE PERIOD. AU ages' Under 5 years 5 to 9years 10 to 14 years 15 tol9 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 65 to 64 years 65 years and over. Under 5 years 5 to 14 years 15 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over. population: 1910 Urban. 42,623,383 4,200,291 3,773,917 3, 627, 408 4,003,271 4,570,558 4,338,392 3,697,202 6,133.259 4,185,722 2,302,142 1,693,010 4,200,291 7,401,325 8,573,829 14,168,853 6,487,864 1,693,010 Bural. 49,318,883 6,431,073 5,986,715 6,479,732 5,060,332 4,486,426 3,841,611 3,274,983 6,524,428 4,184,266 2,751,959 2,256,514 6,431,073 11,466,447 9,646,758 12,641,022 6,936,225 2,256,514 PER CENT OP TOTAI,. Urban. Kural. 100.0 9.9 8.9 8.5 9.4 10.7 10.2 8.7 14.4 9.8 5.4 4.0 9.9 17.4 20.1 33.2 15.2 4.0 100.0 U.O 12.1 11.1 10.3 9.1 7.8 6.6 11.2 8.5 S.6 4.6 13.0 23.3 19.3 25.6 14.1 4.6 ' Includes a small number of persons of unknown age. This great disparity is due chiefly to two causes: First, the fact that the foreign born, wJio when they immigrate to this country are mainly of adult age, go chiefly to the cities ; and, second, the fact that most of the native bom who move from country to city are adults in the most active period of life. It is impossible to draw any conclusions as to the relative fecundity, or the relative longevity, of the urban and the rural population from the statistics, because of the powerful effect of these two causes on the age distribution. DISTRIBUTION BY AGE PERIODS OF THE URBAN AND RURAL POPULATION, BY DIVISIONS: 1910. UNITED STATES NEW ENGLAND '?W/Mm:^m/ . '^m MIDDLE ATLANTIC jiM^M^^M^^^M m^y. ^ ^^^ r ! - EAST NORTH CENTRAL WEST NORTH CENTRAL SOUTH ATLANTIC EASf SOUTH CENTRAL WEST SOUTH CENTRAL ■m :m^Mm/////^^M, 40 30 20 10 kS AND OVER ' 130 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. The extent to which differences between urban and rural communities appear in the principal color or race, nativity, and parentage classes of the population may readily be seen from the percentages in the following table : Table 9 AGE PEBIOD. AH ages Under S years 5 to 14 years 15 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over PER CENT OF TOTAL. Native white. Native parentage. Ur- ban. 100.0 11.5 19.5 20.5 29.9 14.0 4.3 Ru- ral. 100.0 14.2 24.3 19.3 24.1 13.4 4.5 Foreign or mixed parentage. Ur- ban. 100.0 15.0 23.9 21.7 27.7 10.7 1.1 Ru- ral. 100.0 12.6 24.4 21.4 27.4 12.2 1.8 Foreign- bom white. Ur- ban. 100.0 0.8 5.2 17.1 45.6 23.9 7.3 Ru- ral. 100.0 0.7 4.1 12.4 40.1 29.5 12.8 Negro. Ur- ban. 100.0 8.5 16.9 21. S 36.6 13.1 2.9 Ru- ral. 100.0 14.5 27.3 21.2 23.2 10.6 3.0 It will be seen, for example, that in the case of the native whites of native parentage in urban com- munities in 1910, 11.5 per cent were under 5 years of age, as compared with 14.2 per cent in rural com- munities; on the other hand, 29.9 per cent in urban communities were from 25 to 44 years old, but only 24,1 per cent in rural communities. In the case of the foreign-born whites the percentage under 5 years was practically the same in urban as ia rural com- munities, but persons from 25 to 44 years of age formed 45.6 per cent of the total number in urban communities and 40.1 per cent in rural communities. Especially striking is the contrast among the negroes ; 8.5 per cent of those in urban communities were under 5 years of age and 36.6 per cent between 25 and 44 years, as compared with 14.5 per cent and 23.2 per cent, respectively, of those in rural communities. In the case of the native whites of foreign or mixed parentage, however, the percentage under 5 years was higher in urban than in rural communities, and there was very little difference between the two classes of communities with respect to the percentages in the age periods from 5 to 44 years. This exceptional con- dition is doubtless due to the fact that a fairly large proportion of the earlier immigrants into the United States settled in rural districts, while most of the more recent immigrants have gone to the cities and have contributed large numbers of children to the class of native whites of foreign or mixed parentage there. The dissimilarity between urban and rural com- munities with respect to age distribution appears in the case of both sexes, as may be seen from the following table : Table 10 AGE PEKIOD. Aliases' Under 5 years 5 to 14 years 15 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over. population: 1910 Hale. Urban. 21,496,181 2,118,706 3,689,561 4,176,853 7,341,394 3,320,534 782, 062 Rural. 25,836,096 3,261,890 5,836,315 4,930,719 6,713,088 3,842,798 1,203,914 Female. Urban. Rural. 21,127,202 2,081,585 3,711,764 4,396,976 6,827,459 3,167,330 910,948 23,512,787 3, 169, 183 5, 630, 132 4,616,039 5,927,934 3,093,427 1,052,600 per cent of total. Male. Ur- ban. 100.0 9.9 17.2 19.4 34.2 16.4 3.6 Ru- ral. 100.0 12.6 22.6 19.1 26.0 14.9 4.7 Female. Ur- ban. 100.0 9.9 17.6 20.8 32.3 15.0 Ru- ral. 100. D 13.5 23.9 19.6 25.2 13.2 4.5 ' Includes a small number ol persons of unknown age. Table 14, pages 137 and 138, presents age statistics for the urban and rural population of each of the nine geographic divisions in 1910. The statements with regard to conditions in the country as a whole will be found to hold true, with little modification, in most of the geographic divisions. PBINCIPAIi CITIES. Table 15, pages 139 to 143, shows, for each city of 100,000 inhabitants or more, in absolute numbers and percentages, the age distribution of the total population and of the most important color or race, nativity, and parentage groups. Table 16, pages 144 and 145, shows the age distribu- tion of the total population of each city of 25,000 to 100,000 inhabitants. The differences among the various individual cities with respect to age distribution are largely attributa- ble to differences in the extent to which the growth of such cities has been due to migration from abroad or from the smaller towns and rural districts of this country. It is impossible to draw any conclusions as to relative birth rates or death rates from these statistics. AGE DISTRIBUTION. DISTRIBUTION BY AGE PERIODS OP THE TOTAL POPULATION, BY DIVISIONS: 1910 AND 1900. [Totals lor all ages include persons of unknown age.] 131 Table 11 DIVISION AND AGE PEEIOD. NEW ENGLAND. All ages, number. Under 5 years 5 toUyears 15 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over Aliases, percent. Under 6 years 5 to 14 years IS to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over MIDDLE ATLANTIC. All ages, number . Under 5 years 5 to 14 years 15 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 46 to 64 years 66 years and over All ages, per cent. Under 5 years 5 to 14 years 16 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over EAST NORTH CENTRAL. All ages, number . Under 5 years S tol4years IS to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over All ages, per cent. Under 5 years 5 to 14 years 15 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 46 to 64 years 65 years and over WEST NORTH CENTRAL. All ages, number. Under 5 years 6 to 14 years 15 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over All ages, per cent. Under 5 years 5 to 14 years IS to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over SOUTH ATLANTIC. All ages, number. Under 5 years Sto 14 years 15 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over ALL CLASSES. All ages, per cent. Under 5 years Sto 14 years 15 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over 6,562,681 640, «25 1,140,498 1,198,566 2,057,236 1,123,675 384,027 100.0 9.S 17.4 18.3 31.4 17.1 6.9 19,316,892 2,050,139 3,545,324 3,741,376 6,126,201 2,977,061 851, 160 • 100.0 10.6 18.4 19.4 31.7 15.4 4.4 18,850,621 1,907,713 3,480,718 3,529,212 5,438,564 2,936,108 929,814 100.0 10.5 19.1 19.3 29.8 16.1 5.1 11,637,921 1,310,909 2,400,375 2,347,750 3,303,068 1,718,233 532,623 100.0 U.3 20.6 20.2 28.4 14.8 4.6 12,194,895 1,657,219 2, 920, 908 2,483,317 3, 142, 195 1,530,570 439,628 100.0 13.0 24.0 20.4 26.8 12.6 3.6 1900 5,592,017 654,254 978,968 1,021,419 1,763,017 930, 127 328,992 100.0 9.9 17.5 18.3 31.5 16.6 5.9 15,464,678 1,690,067 3,039,428 2,891,667 4,820,969 2,296,577 689,339 100.0 10.9 19.7 18.7 31.2 14.9 4.5 16,985,581 1,774,036 3,422,521 3,052,135 4,651,020 2,313,609 742,415 100.0 11.1 21.4 19.1 29.1 14.5 4.6 10,347,483 1,264,617 2,395,946 2,040,145 2,855,700 1,366,402 400,689 100.0 12.2 23.2 19.7 27.6 13.2 3.9 10,443,480 1,447,579 2,627,533 2,190,895 2,513,571 1,274,234 361,355 100.0 13.9 25.2 21.0 24.1 12.2 3.5 NATIVE WHITE. Native parentage. 1910 2,613,419 250,625 449, 916 430,857 713,822 520, 495 243,514 100.0 9.6 17.2 16.5 27.3 19.9 9.3 8,462,961 992,447 1,766,924 1,638,953 2,325,020 1,270,631 454,779 100.0 11.7 20.9 19.4 27.6 15.0 5.4 9,761,968 1,252,251 2,168,860 1,926,247 2,533,247 1,370,689 479,083 100.0 12.8 22.2 19.8 26.0 14.1 4.9 6,623,687 917,228 1,530,803 1,322,316 1,638,080 829,423 268,571 100.0 14.1 23.5 20.3 25.1 12.7 4.1 7,341,205 1,027,812 1,746,118 1,470,014 1,864,458 945,517 278,967 100.0 14.0 23.8 20.0 25.4 12.9 3.8 1900 !, 611, 110 228,461 428,923 414,188 691,520 510,033 228,459 100.0 9.1 17.1 16.5 27.5 20.3 9.1 7,406,679 903,543 1,653,930 1,397,388 1,946,088 1,104,545 384,396 100.0 12.2 22.3 18.9 26.3 14.9 5.2 8,488,016 1,110,104 2,016,739 1,648,577 2,148,467 1,164,044 379, 154 100.0 13.1 23.8 19.4 25.3 13.7 4.5 6,660,903 796,711 1,422,353 1,122,793 1,399,536 704, 131 199,029 100.0 14.1 25.1 19.8 24.7 12.4 3.5 6, 107, 314 856, 012 1,527,854 1,260,948 1,464,497 771,500 214, 785 100.0 14.0 25.0 20.6 24.0 12.6 3.5 Foreign or mixed 1910 2,062,709 367,949 584,678 426,138 475,238 179,502 18,434 100.0 17.9 28.5 20.8 23.2 8.7 0.9 5,691,312 983,447 1,431,837 1, 105, 167 1,386,625 606,283 75,482 100.0 17.6 25.6 19.8 24.8 10.8 1.3 6,108,431 608,706 1,135,301 1,138,916 1,503,163 642,011 77,691 100.0 n.9 22.2 22.3 29.4 12.6 1.5 1,814,703 360,278 765,238 790,586 939,114 322,032 35,282 100.0 11.2 23.8 24.6 29.2 10.0 1.1 439,843 54,686 88,228 80,447 131,872 72, 172 12, 072 100.0 12.4 20.1 18.3 30.0 16.4 2.7 1900 1,679,044 307,059 453,674 322,091 400,463 85,401 9,596 109.0 19.4 28.7 20.4 25.4 5.4 0.6 4,402,167 737,478 1,166,317 880,876 1,259,141 315,600 41,095 100.0 16.8 26.6 20.0 28.6 7.2 0.9 4,601,740 631,722 1,255,734 1,014,225 1,336,399 318,662 42,794 100.0 13.7 27.3 22.0 29.0 6.9 0.9 8,873,809 435,512 861,660 667,035 738,605 148,722 20,603 100.0 15.2 30.0 23.2 25.7 5.2 0.7 389, 861 44,433 84,896 77,960 130,885 43,495 7,909 100.0 11.4 21.8 20.0 33.6 11.2 2.0 FOREIGN-BORN "WHITE. 1910 1,814,386 16,105 95,218 328,880 839,818 412, 109 119,540 100.0 0.9 5.2 18.1 46.3 22.7 4,826,179 38,007 284, 0r6 912,575 2,233,517 1,042,214 309, 187 100.0 0.8 5.9 18.'9 46.3 21.6 6.4 3,067,220 20,898 125,826 402,622 1,280,697 872,971 359,658 100.0 0.7 4.1 13.1 41.8 28.5 11.7 1,613,231 8,583 54, 184 177,511 629,018 523,503 216,414 100.0 0.5 3.4 11.0 39.0 32.4 13.4 290, 555 2,575 15,852 46,899 126,202 69,007 29,089 100.0 0.9 5.5 16.1 43.4 23.8 10.0 1900 1,436,872 13,158 87,007 271,971 646,365 324,968 88,848 100.0 0.9 6.1 18.9 45.0 22.6 6.2 3,308,116 19, 141 167,909 534, 129 1,486,444 833,370 254,779 100.0 0.6 5.1 16.2 45.0 25.2 7.7 2,620,297 8,476 99, 131 332,259 1,073,871 791,583 310,416 100.0 0.3 3.8 12.7 41.0 30.2 11.8 1,531,105 4,631 51,730 189,629 635,529 476,058 170,262 100.0 0.3 3.4 12.4 41.5 31.1 n. 1 208,883 880 8,976 25,866 80,438 64,956 27,089 100.0 0.4 4.3 12.4 38.5 31.1 13.0 1910 66,306 5,876 10,201 11,817 25,680 10,219 2,356 100.0 8.9 15.4 17.8 38.7 15.4 3.6 417,870 35,298 60,674 81,370 173,469 54,458 11,330 100.0 8.4 14.5 19.5 41.5 13.0 2.7 300,836 23,428 46,047 57,685 113, 107 46,805 12,333 100.0 7.8 15.3 19.2 37.6 15.6 4.1 242,668 19, 127 40, 175 49, 177 86,228 36,596 9,954 100.0 7.9 16.6 20.3 35.5 15.1 4.1 4,112,488 570,516 1,068,275 883,929 1,016,899 442,299 119, 140 100.0 13.9 26.0 21.5 24.7 10.8 2.9 1900 5,382 8,983 12,353 21,267 8,799 1,969 100. 9.1 15.2 20.9 36.0 14.9 3.3 326,921 29,076 49,621 76,993 120,069 40,404 8,775 100.0 S.9 15.2 23.3 36.8 12.4 2.7 857,842 21,827 47,145 54,250 86,767 36,669 9,140 100. 8.5 18.3 21.0 33.7 14.2 3.5 837, 90» 21,510' 50,081 52,903 71,548 30,893 8,427 100. 9.0 2L1 22.2 30.1 13.0 3.5 3,729,017 545,284 1,004,008 824,522 835,014 393,265 111,321 100.0 14.6 28.9 22.1 22.4 10.5 3.0 132 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. DISTRIBUTION BY AGE PERIODS OF THE TOTAL POPULATION, BY DIVISIONS: 1910 AND 1900— Continued. [Totals for all ages include persons of unknown age.] Table H—Continued. ALL CLASSES. NATIVE •vraiTE. FOREIGN-BOBN WHITE. NE6I DIVISION AND AGE PERIOD. Native parentage. Foreign or mixed parentage. 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 EAST SOUTH CENTRAL. 8,409,901 1,100,471 2,040,195 1,719,229 2, 134, 484 1,043,077 297,289 100.0 13.8 24.3 20.4 25.4 12.4 3.5 8,784,534 1,235,668 2,171,364 1,812,549 2,283,059 1,016,938 246,477 100.0 14.1 24.7 20.6 26.0 11.6 2.8 2,633,617 306,804 SI'S, 074 605,651 863,011 368,028 78, 517 100.0 11.6 19.5 19.2 32.4 14.0 3.0 4,192,304 362,626 655,316 783,037 1,474,057 710,399 189,989 100.0 8.6 15.6 18.7 35.2 16.9 4.5 7,547,757 1,066,904 1,939,802 1,601,614 1,791,850 891,182 242,903 100.0 14.0 25.7 21.2 23.7 11.8 3.2 6,532,290 960,174 1,738,339 1,359,280 1,564,774 723,989 160,983 100.0 14.7 26.6 20.8 24.0 11.1 2.5 1,674,657 203,676 358,276 301,135 539,461 216,386 45,820 100.0 12.2 21.4 18.0 32.2 12.9 2.7 2,416,692 220,321 453,544 432,915 797,076 387,470 108,002 100.0 9.1 18.8 17.9 33.0 16.0 4.5 5,452,492 796,697 1,339,649 1, 102, 123 1,343,403 670,749 193,484 100.0 14.6 24.6 20.2 24.6 12.3 3.5 5,767,449 877,638 1,467,943 1,189,485 1,443,297 632,834 146,523 100.0 15.2 ' 25.5 20.6 25.0 11.0 2.6 1,466,624 207,466 327,827 286,265 420,567 179,465 39,295 100.0 14.1 22.3 19.5 28.7 12.2 2.7 2,108,770 224,118 387,258 405,727 664,647 320, 197 96,852 100.0 10.6 18.4 19.2 31.6 15.2 4.6 4,725,774 688,644 1,226,281 985,975 1,106,897 661,186 147,702 100.0 14.6 25.9 20.9 23.4 11.9 3.1 4,023,944 632,442 1,104,329 837,607 931,310 427,889 86,022 100.0 15.7 27.4 20.8 23.1 10.6 2.1 855,101 122,351 204,824 164, 449 244,051 101,365 21,534 100.0 14.3 24.0 18.1 28.5 11.9 2.5 1,165,621 126,713 249,377 218,637 340,758 165,255 64,145 100.0 10.9 21.4 18.8 29.2 14.2 4.6 214,977 16,048 32,183 38,975 79,934 43,003 5,654 100.0 7.0 15.0 18.1 37.2 20.0 2.6 605,283 79,676 148,061 127,928 169,275 70,917 8,847 100.0 13.2 24.5 21.1 28.0 11.7 1.5 616,921 81, 530 143,799 135,298 187,832 61,935 6,050 100.0 13.2 23.3 21.9 30.4 10.0 1.0 1,053,665 122,805 222,119 236,228 337,056 119,531 16,074 100.0 11.7 21.1 22.3 32.0 11.3 1.5 229,391 18,696 44,517 50,840 86,826 24,167 4,178 100.0 8.2 19.4 22.2 37.9 10.5 1.8 478,111 71, 493 132,536 103,465 129,619 35,466 6,052 100.0 16.0 27.7 21.6 27.1 7.4 1.1 436,393 69,999 124,566 92,277 122,401 24,444 2,409 100.0 16.0 28.6 21.1 28.0 6.6 0.6 655,501 86,310 180,298 147,674 189, 099 44,013 7,610 100.0 13.2 27. S 22.5 28.8 6.7 1.1 86, 857 426 3,350 8,430 29,973 28,941 15,567 100.0 0.5 3.9 9.7 34.5 33.3 17.9 348,759 5,909 27,435 60,406 133,434 96,022 34,246 100.0 1.7 7.9 14.6 38.3 27.6 9.8 436,910 4,226 19,668 64,381 207,779 110, 164 28,183 100.0 1.0 4.6 14.7 47.6 25.2 6,5 861,448 5,778 31,230 112,638 399,541 237,687 71,565 100.0 0.7 3.6 13.1 46.4 27.6 8.3 89,682 209 2,295 7,739 29,166 34,979 15,003 100.0 0.2 2.6 8.6 32.5 39.0 1.7 264,010 2,862 17,987 35,908 101, 620 80,640 23,709 100.0 1.1 6.8 13.6 38.5 30.5 9.0 288,361 1,526 10,733 37,016 144,024 75,959 18,093 100.0 0.5 3.7 12.8 49.9 26.3 6.3 472,491 1,486 12,989 46,711 217,144 149,133 42,148 100.0 0.3 2.7 9.9 46.0 31.6 8.9 2,652,513 347,803 664,288 689,118 680,407 300,000 82,481 100.0 13.1 25.1 21.5 25.7 11.3 3.1 1,984,426 258,012 506,974 429,272 619,967 209,664 66,073 100.0 13.0 26.5 21.6 26.2 10.6 2.8 21,467 1,350 2,648 3,718 9,718 3,350 548 100.0 6.3 12.3 17.3 45.3 15.6 2.6 29,195 1,878 3,537 5,126 12,703 4,822 909 100.0 6.4 12.1 17.6 43.5 16.5 3.1 2,499,886 Under 5 years. 348,061 5 to 14 years 666,981 15 to 24 years . 566,432 569,198 270,496 65 years and over • 75,917 All ages, per cent 100.0 Under 5 years * 13.9 26.'6 15 to 24 years 22.3 22.8 45 to 64 years 10.8 3.0 WEST SOUTH CENTRAL. All agffs, Tmmbfir 1,694,066 242,448 5 to 14 years 464,426 15 to 24 years 368,900 387,871 45 to 64 years 173,389 44,970 AU ages, per cent 100.0 14.3 27.4 15 to 24 years 21.8 22.9 10.2 65 years and over 27 MOUNTAIN. 15,590 Under 5 years 981 2,010 15 tb 24 years 3,258 25 to 4^ years . 6,731 2,083 65 years and over 282 An ages, per cent 100.0 Under 5 vears ' 6.3 12.9 15 to 24 years 20.9 43.2 45 to 64 years 13.4 65 years and over 1.8 PACIFIC. 14,664 1,087 2,493 15 to 24 years 2,583 5,524 2,245 553 All ages, per cent 100.0 7.4 17.0 17.6 25 to 44 years 37.7 15.3 3.8 AGE DISTRIBUTION. DISTRIBUTION BY AGE PERIODS OP THE POPULATION, BY STATES: 1910. [Totals lor all ages Include persons of unknown age.] 133 Table 12 STATE AND CLASS OF POPULATION. All ages. AGE FEBIODS. Under 5 years. 6to9 years. 10 to U years. 15 to 19 20 to 21 years. 25 to 29 years. 30 to 81 years. 86 to 14 years. 45 to SI years. 65 to 64 years. > years andover. NEW ENGLAND Ualne Native white— Native parentage Native wMte — Foreign or mixed par. . Foreign-bom wtdte Negro New Hampshire Native white — Native parentage Native white — Foreign or mixed par. . Foreign-bom white Negro Vermont , Native white— Native parentage Native white — Foreign or mixed par. . Foreign-bom white Negro Massachusetts Native white— Native parentage Native wMte — Foreign or mixed par. . Foreign-born white Negro Khode Island Native white— Native parentage Native white— Foreign or mixed par. . Foreign-bom white Negro Connecticut Native white— Native parentage Native white— Foreign or mixed par.. Foreign-bom white Negro MIDDLE ATLANTIC New York Native white — Native parentage Native white— Foreign or mixed par. . Foreign-bom white Negro New Jersey Native white — Native parentage Native white — Foreign or mixed par.. Foreign-bom white Negro Pennsylvania Native white— Native parentage Native white— Foreign or mixed par. . Foreign-bom white Negro EAST NORTH CENTRAL Ohio Native white— Native parentage Native white— Foreign or mixed par.. Foreign-bom white Negro Indiana Native white— Native parentage Native white — Foreign or mixed par. Foreign-born white Negro Illinois Native white — Native parentage Native white — Foreign or mixed par. Foreign-born white Negro Michigan Native white— Native parentage Native white — Foreign or mixed par. . Foreign-born white Negro Wisconsin Native white— Native parentage Native white— Foreign or mixed par.. Foreign-bom white Negro WEST NORTH CENTRAL Minnesota Native white— Native parentage Native white— Foreign or mixed par. . Foreign-born white Negro Iowa Native white— Native parentage Native white— Foreign or mixed par. . Foreign-born white Negro 742,371 494,907 134,955 110, 133 1,363 430,673 230,231 103, 117 96,558 564 355,956 229,382 75,055 49, 861 1,621 3,366,416 1,103,429 1,170,447 1,051,050 38,055 642,610 159,821 194,646 178,025 9,529 1,114,756 395,649 374,489 328,759 15, 174 9,113,614 3,230,325 3,007,248 2,729,272 134, 191 2,637,167 1,009,909 777,797 668, 188 89,760 7,666,111 4,222,727 1,806,267 1,438,719 193, 919 4,767,121 3, 033, 259 1,024,393 597,245 111,452 2,700,876 2,130,088 360, 651 159,322 60,320 6,638,691 2,600,555 1,723,847 1,202,560 109,049 2,810,173 1,224,841 964,882 595,524 17,115 2,333,860 763,225 1,044,761 512,569 2,900 2,076,708 575,081 941,136 543,010 7,084 2,224,771 1,303,526 632,181 273, 484 14,973 71,846 45,777 24,341 1,519 117 39, 681 19,109 19,307 1,122 40 34, 171 23,657 9,686 722 102 328,886 108, 005 208,865 8,457 3,448 64, 098 16,347 35, 140 1,704 862 112,244 37,730 70,610 2,581 1,307 898,927 361,400 505,752 20,845 10,061 266,942 114,416 139, 219 5,360 7,922 884,270 516,631 338,476 11,802 17,315 479,475 355,022 111, 058 4,453 8,921 275.524 243,438 26,309 985 4,763 697,989 347,529 233,731 8,417 8,248 298.664 164,742 127,010 4,686 1,285 256, 171 141,520 110,598 2,467 211 226,840 101,321 121,701 2,143 382 236, 063 178,844 54,704 1,207 1,345 66,633 42, 179 21,011 3,278 80 36,873 17,639 16, 826 2,460 44 32,667 22,433 8,662 1,486 73 294,846 94,675 175, 196 21, 999 2,889 48,447 14,195 29,057 4,417 754 101,486 36,972 56, 821 7,398 1,269 803,868 329,032 391, 857 73,849 8,287 242,279 107,428 111,580 15,980 7,261 773, 091 468,154 253,061 36,353 15,478 438,899 325, 556 91,186 13, 518 8,621 264,947 231,980 25,286 2,741 4,907 646,868 311,147 202,223 25,584 7,873 276,367 140,262 121,806 11,135 1,273 247,878 126,747 118,021 7,621 189 220,233 84,034 127,649 6,952 336 228,422 162,247 61,756 3,031 1,348 64,688 41,593 18,632 4,162 117 36,271 17,744 16,179 3,304 40 31,461 21,496 8,186 1,695 72 284,960 93,355 169,342 29,249 2,905 47,014 13,653 26,164 6,442 714 95,272 35,082 49,602 9,329 1,244 785,826 321, 257 359,612 96,319 7,930 228,696 100,707 101, 190 19,885 6,878 711, 565 440,346 214,537 41,690 14,840 426,602 310,315 91, 853 14,439 8,964 266,668 220,693 27,334 2,608 4,984 520,965 280,757 205,728 26,654 7,768 258,480 122,465 120,812 13,097 1,276 246,154 105,038 131,062 8,529 192 214,402 69,979 134,549 8,339 376 222,577 147,580 70,382 3,368 1,215 65,136 61,782 41, 114 38,245 16,207 11,361 7,662 11,946 146 134 37,906 36,863 17,438 16,319 12,931 8,980 7,480 11,499 63 46 31,161 20,665 7,600 2,798 97 296,561 92, 113 138,856 62,540 2,870 61,998 14,425 23,900 12,873 772 101,025 35, 118 43,828 20,847 1,213 842,449 319, 190 330,066 182,629 9,818 236,641 98,344 90,463 40,247 7,428 722,479 427,080 197,763 81, 499 16,406 446,912 309, 180 101,443 26,392 9,855 269,149 217,267 31,228 5,150 5,452 544,891 270,851 214,060 51,136 8,731 266,830 117,366 125,658 21,641 1,378 242,671 90,975 136,187 14,291 223 216,148 61,684 136,226 15,830 436 225,010 139,112 77,211 7,309 1,316 28,786 17,936 6,773 4,766 320 326,382 90,678 106,751 124, 802 3,831 53,638 13,876 18,361 20,488 887 108,339 32,932 32,600 41,291 1,460 938,941 307,767 267,736 344,930 17,481 250,613 92,798 69, 068 78,486 10,124 760, 363 393,774 160,092 184,784 21, 113 453,526 287,729 93,338 60, 583 11, 801 251,288 200,394 30,816 13,579 6,444 577,168 252,705 185,887 126,518 11,792 264, 680 108,394 103,445 50,476 1,712 222, 097 71,396 116, 864 32,767 297 216,670 55,330 114,824 45,064 709 211,404 121,004 71,837 16,967 1,606 57,418 35,594 8,626 12,981 136 33,676 15,380 6,406 11,812 66 27,086 16,119 5,167 5,468 341 313, 069 84,992 82,994 140,045 4,624 50,126 12,669 14,128 22,220 1,061 101,664 29,677 25,391 44,904 1,604 879,843 271,508 217,423 368,870 20,673 236,172 82,183 54,870 88,346 10,576 706,682 349,846 119, 154 212,682 24,684 426,693 266,233 86,093 73,238 12,033 229,494 175,641 30,158 17,023 6,610 630,920 216,102 148,292 152,753 13,392 240,313 94,216 81,637 62,199 1,821 191,970 52,397 95,174 43,336 382 187,438 44,225 84,412 57,100 1,065 183,993 99,652 61,131 21,621 1,601 63,261 34,160 7,074 11,862 102 31,794 15,537 5,617 10,684 46 26, 089 15,404 6,223 6,235 224 280,781 78,290 71,987 126, 126 3,913 44,713 11,390 12,129 20,236 837 90,665 27,410 22,528 39,144 1,496 768,304 232,664 201,976 316,096 16,201 213,082 74, 102 49,690 80,021 9,068 612,731 301,404 107,689 182,468 20,846 377,912 217,514 83,953 66,124 10,232 198,186 146,057 30,738 15,818 5,517 450,303 174,415 126,670 137,966 11,905 210,982 80,463 66,246 62,264 1,550 163,927 36,945 80,631 45,666 293 153, 195 32,886 63,164 66,651 1,009 169,711 81,565 54,317 22,468 1,313 98,745 64,470 11,832 22,115 183 60,135 30,909 9,076 20,038 48, 139 28,273 10, 122 9,645 191 600,349 143,446 119,426 229,986 6,623 78,649 19,986 19,164 37,844 1,641 160,890 50,137 38,460 69,573 2,548 1,312,176 383,802 356,878 545,686 23,210 366,286 126,268 83,792 140,759 15,034 1,030,927 603,263 196, 154 298,690 33, 189 650,864 358,785 160,236 113,946 17,701 364,468 253,621 62,840 28,536 9,362 767, 763 286,883 213,278 248, 829 19,073 361,137 134,253 106,107 117,146 2,731 281,632 61,722 132,311 96,966 605 262,868 48,163 90,607 111,587 1,543 276,656 134,187 90,669 49,176 2,434 81, 681 56,861 8,669 16,885 145 48,483 28,881 6,494 14, 014 78 38,233 23,164 7,883 7,092 352,763 122,514 72,936 152, 894 3,793 56,073 16,347 11, 076 26,498 1,049 113,340 41,661 23,967 46,080 1,608 921,991 290, 160 241,689 376,759 11,468 93,120 52,119 94,353 8,432 713,761 367,775 137, 836 190, 180 17,489 486, 039 264,800 121, 530 88,106 11,442 276,936 195,954 50,868 23,881 6,136 542,677 204,574 132,573 194, 418 10,656 287,157 107,095 68,609 108,832 1,928 225,906 38,484 86,983 99,263 312 193,399 35,164 49,636 107,090 738 216,151 103,216 59,092 52,190 1,602 58,992 44,914 4,462 9,429 117 34,269 23,991 2,373 7,868 28,714 19, 101 4,416 5,132 62 210,369 96,040 26,129 86, 166 1,875 32,972 13,625 4,151 14,660 587 68,786 33,606 7,947 26,402 878 632,049 209,120 94,823 222,269 5,228 138,417 62,948 18,210 53,191 422, SS5 247,608 61,606 105,472 7,842 313, 086 186,436 65,404 64,802 6,416 182,336 134,413 23,343 21,130 3,424 300,808 132,286 44,435 118,785 6,176 186,707 80,059 29,177 76,809 1,168 134,468 26,588 29,189 77,955 148 104,460 21,007 13,648 69,043 258 136,734 69,547 21,098 44,266 804 61,072 49, 169 2,663 9,113 83 34, 070 26,916 984 6,131 29,262 21,030 2,329 5,860 176, 016 97,394 8,605 67,545 1,199 25,020 12,976 1,297 10,341 379 69,688 35,829 2,666 20,650 620 418,165 197,165 38,329 178,846 3,473 107,087 55,943 7,330 40,998 325,918 201,671 29,823 89,344 5,049 261,810 158,346 27,831 70,586 5,037 149,474 108,061 11,440 27,460 2,498 243,374 113,391 16,866 109,379 3,722 166,519 73,130 14,173 67,758 118,637 26,165 7,382 84,375 138 86,057 18,109 4,312 62,984 181 126,400 64,039 9,621 61,228 591 134 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. DISTRIBUTION BY AGE PERIODS OF THE POPULATION, BY STATES: 1910— Continued. [Totals lor all ages include persons of unknown age.] Table 12— Continued. STATE AND CLASS OF POPULATION. WEST NORTH CENTKAL— Contd. Uissouii Native wlilte— Native parentage Native white— Foreign or mixed par. Foreign-bom white Negro North Dakota Native white— Native parentage Native wWte— Foreign or mixed par. . Foreign-bom white Negro South Dakota Native white— Native parentage Native white— Foreign or mixed par. . Foreign-bom white Negro Nebraska Native white — Native parentage Native white— Foreign or mixed par. Foreign-bom white Negro Kansas Native white — Native parentage Native white — Foreign or mixed par. . Foreign-bom white Negro SOUTH ATLANTIC Delaware Native white — Native parentage Native white — Foreign or mixed par. . Foreign-bom white Negro UarylaJid Native white — Native parentage Native white — Foreign or mixed par. . Foreign-bom white Negro District of Columbia Native white— Native parentage Native white— Foreign or mixed par. Foreign-born white Negro Virginia Native white — Native parentage Native white — Foreign or mixed par. . Foreign-bom white Negro West Virginia Native white— Native parentage Native white— Foreign or mixed par . Foreign-bom white Negro All ages. North Carolina Nativewhite— Native parentage Native white— Foreign or mixed par. , Foreign-born white Negro South Carolina Native white — Native parentage Native white— Foreign or mixed par. . Foreign-bom white Negro Georgia Native white— Native parentage Native white-^Foreign or mixed par. . Foreign-born white Negro Florida Native white— Native parentage Native white — Foreign or mixed par. . Foreign-bom white Negro EAST SOUTH CENTRAL Kentucky Native white — Native parentage Native white— Foreign or mixed par. Foreign-bom white Negro Tennessee Native white — Native parentage Native white— Foreign or mixed par. Foreign-bom white Negro 3,293,335 2,387,835 618,201 228,896 157,452 677,056 162,461 261,236 166,158 617 583,888 245,652 217,491 100,628 817 1,192,SM 642,075 362,353 176,865 7,689 1,207,057 292,105 135,190 54,030 202, 322 127,809 25,873 17,420 31,181 1,296,346 766,027 191,838 104,174 232,250 331,069 166, 711 45,066 24,351 94,446 2,061,612 1,325,238 37,943 26,628 671,096 1,221,119 1,042,107 57, 638 57, 072 64,173 2, 206, 287 1,486,718 8,861 5,942 697,843 1,615,400 661,970 11,137 6,054 836,843 2, 609, 121 1,391,058 26,672 15,072 1,176,987 752, 619 373, 967 35,825 33,842 2,289,906 1,863,194 124,704 40,063 261,656 2,184,789 1,654,606 38,367 18, 459 473,088 AGE PEElODS. Under 5 years. 360,603 310,107 36,795 1,267 12,299 82,399 31,110 48,907 1,397 37 73,489 42,022 28,229 609 60 140, 096 96,668 41,691 883 477 191,619 157,156 28,361 1,087 4,627 20, 046 13,038 3,803 115 3,089 137,714 90,049 21,066 610 25,987 26,669 15,476 3,746 139 7,290 288,826 176,965 4,984 232 86,555 169, 118 151,685 9,816 739 6,974 332,792 222,869 1,159 60 107,297 228, 469 98,624 1,015 46 128, 712 376, 641 200,419 2,607 91 107,498 98, 956 62, 787 6,491 543 37,114 294,603 262,927 5,878 113 25,541 294, 691 234,792 3,087 99 66,680 gto9 years. 338,232 284,909 36,460 4,061 12,768 69,927 22,929 41,770 4,310 34 66,933 33,239 29,722 1,685 60 128,086 79,982 44,700 2,485 487 177,868 140, 609 29,745 2,430 4,861 19,197 12,450 3,066 366 3,315 133,682 85,863 19,392 2,613 26,809 26,312 14,328 3,324 457 7,192 238, 490 163,216 4,323 767 88,123 148, 179 134,338 6,874 1,687 6,274 294,900 192,444 1,034 148 100,151 208,780 84,620 939 97 123,067 347,369 181,409 2,325 325 163, 294 90, 941 46, 862 5,109 1,144 37,811 272,758 239,453 6,813 369 26,087 269, 019 209,798 2,977 376 65,845 10 to 14 years. 324,191 263,886 42,829 4,241 13,190 69,392 17,170 36,190 6,166 30 60,021 26,812 29,083 2,044 62 121,782 69,690 48,604 2,614 168, 309 127, 737 32,810 2,458 4,971 19,308 12,577 2,790 399 3,540 129, 605 82,671 19,329 2,997 24,595 24,649 13,478 3,416 525 7,211 237,663 149,393 3,937 778 83,395 131,027 119,446 4,663 1,490 6,424 266,964 174,395 990 202 89,416 192,406 76,880 999 146 114,341 316,217 160,352 2,427 393 162,029 80, 319 41, 398 4,292 1,330 33,288 262,905 216,963 8,513 408 26,984 243, 328 186, 170 3,323 460 53,344 IS to 19 years. 334,073 269,674 52,029 7,563 14,765 66,699 15,175 32,270 8,608 36 58,642 24,349 28,909 3,663 61 124,618 66,875 61,790 4,830 653 170, 603 124,481 36,950 4,018 5,618 19,460 12,536 2,821 873 3,228 127,973 80,063 19,460 5,027 23,398 28,112 15,018 3,626 820 8,620 217,272 137,127 3,802 1,215 76,047 125, 145 110,029 4,481 4,060 6,676 242, 678 160,398 914 275 80,253 172, 674 72,236 1,032 251 99, 118 280, 383 147,305 2,476 666 129,923 76, 096 38,8.53 3,987 2,350 30,891 241,622 201,728 10,798 897 28,163 237, 672 178,873 3,672 738 54,363 20 to 21 319,770 231,297 53,991 16,873 17,627 61,631 16,477 28,423 16,175 82 62,994 25,968 27,136 8,334 123, 104 63,294 45,889 12,585 187,684 117,696 34,101 9,892 5,678 19,266 11,815 2,243 2,054 3,142 123,240 73,488 16,764 9,362 23,691 34,424 17,060 3,913 2,073 11,333 195, 308 122,789 3,373 2,687 66,603 121, 614 99,617 4,189 8,803 8,891 209, 575 138,037 732 573 69,486 151, 470 64,666 982 485 86,305 260, 140 132,813 2,487 1,619 123, 295 78, 698 36, 164 3,165 3,917 35,331 216, 210 174,083 11, 360 1,885 27,866 211, 093 156,092 3,614 1,278 51,187 25 to 29 286,284 195,509 61,797 21,233 17,662 66,726 15,128 21,465 19,604 104 64,886 21,847 21,325 10,268 110 105,672 63,141 35,084 15,777 1,143 144,369 98,713 28,687 11,606 6,266 17,303 10,616 1,842 2,357 2,683 110,006 63,469 14,651 10,817 21,023 36, 113 16,605 4,186 2,699 11,572 161,302 102,976 2,782 3,163 52,324 107,325 84,900 4,325 9,818 8,265 167,661 113,527 629 646 52,293 118,317 63,479 923 637 63,247 214, 250 111,946 2,206 1,801 98,274 69,177 30, 652 2,400 4,109 32,084 181,948 143,372 11,795 2,608 24,148 177, 423 130, 166 3,362 1,684 42,188 80 to 34 years. 247,044 160,203 50,740 21,363 14,647 44,996 11,366 14,801 18,393 73 43,212 16,085 16,666 10,164 84 86, 136 41,969 26,466 16,406 933 122,416 82,166 24,222 11,634 4,263 16, 173 9,176 1,784 1,977 2,233 96,786 64,402 14,346 10,417 16,670 31,029 14,803 4,659 2,666 8,963 136, 073 89,105 2,670 2,889 40,358 88,338 70,363 4,333 7,883 5,754 133, 478 93,627 688 644 38,240 91, 750 44,062 872 606 46,194 169,314 94,109 2,110 1,606 71,459 56,006 26,265 2,032 3,683 24,089 156, 036 120,049 12,961 2,731 19,294 145, 809 108,768 3,550 1,634 31,848 36 to 44 years. 427,038 265,761 94,897 42,018 24,148 66,448 15,195 17,164 32,378 109 65,763 22,743 20,143 20,686 148 138, 123 65,019 36,589 35,622 1,439 201,298 132,588 36,879 24,374 7,254 26,964 15,966 3,304 3,517 4,154 170,667 91,107 28,822 20,494 30,097 63,234 24,268 8,477 5,109 15,265 229,738 146,677 5,039 5,517 72,406 139,788 112,001 8,547 10,720 8,484 208,910 144,243 1,164 1,279 61,526 146,002 66,149 1,783 1,221 76,811 261, 876 139,566 3,866 3,128 115, 256 89, 637 40, 630 3,632 6,911 38,386 266,143 199, 484 26,017 6,609 34,000 234,926 173,852 6,712 3,354 60,969 45 to 54 years. 308,907 189,216 64,610 39,601 15,283 43,644 9,379 8,063 26,684 64 49,177 16,174 11,907 19,275 81 106, 507 48,918 21,022 35,485 800 163, 178 99,288 23,950 24,657 6,248 21, 384 13,257 2,611 2,605 2,903 128, 669 66,333 23,079 16,327 20,822 34,076 16,715 6,684 3,479 166,406 106,038 3,708 3,843 51,730 90,793 74,614 6,686 5,392 4,187 160,313 111,774 763 946 46,260 96,257 46,668 1,411 925 46,216 182, 090 99,724 2,819 2,362 77,110 66,831 28,170 2,482 4,751 21,360 192,436 140,341 20,225 7,345 24,494 173, 112 127,151 4,780 3,223 37,930 55 to 64 • years andover. 189,643 124,082 24,085 33,085 8,212 21,697 4,815 2,272 14,161 28,111 9,325 3,979 13,184 28 66,550 31,481 7,912 25,610 326 102,176 67,812 10,758 20,382 3,128 13,412 9,110 1,070 1,696 1,635 77,941 43,816 10,401 12,430 11,264 20,199 10,247 2,584 2,860 4,492 106,877 72,477 1,880 2,614 29,863 56,756 47,716 3,075 3,074 1,886 108,660 78,176 484 679 29,083 64,822 33,038 721 771 30,280 116,968 69,638 1,458 1,612 44,235 33,116 19,008 1,356 2,862 9,885 120,124 91,687 7,470 7,511 13,441 110,722 84,638 2,108 2,603 21,357 160,263 97,505 9,618 37,101 6,014 12,898 2,721 618 9,224 10,288 6,221 1,238 10,517 25 60,771 23,648 3,505 23,228 87,956 56,328 6,470 22,132 2,952 10,466 7,200 514 1,510 1,240 60,667 34,720 4,415 12,952 8,575 17,017 9,128 1,48^ 3,439 2,957 84,981 57,083 1,421 2,9M 23,521 42,192 36,207 1,706 3,019 1,267 77,688 55,002 385 675 21,428 44,092 20,969 438 868 21,817 80,729 46,360 867 1,535 31,969 21,797 12,308 842 2,257 6,386 94,124 71,316 2,803 9,497 10,503 83,464 63,074 1,241 2,987 16,155 AGE DISTRIBUTION. 135 DISTRIBUTION BY AGE PERIODS OF THE POPULATION, BY STATES: 1910— Continued. [Totals for all ages Include persons of unknown age.] Table 12— Continued. STATE AND CLASS OF POPULATION. All ages. .IGE PERIODS. Under 6 years. 6 to 9 years. 10 to 14 years. 15 to 19 years. 20 to 24 years. 25 to 29 SO to 84 years. 85 to 44 years. 45 to 54 years. 55 to 64 years. 65 years and oyer. EAST SOUTH CENTRAL— Contd. Alabama Native white — Native parentage Native white— Foreign or mixed par.. Foreign-bom white Negro Uississippl Native white — Native parentage Native wiiite— Foreign or mixed par.. FoiBign-bom white Negro WEST SOUTH CENTKAL Arkansas Native white— Native parentage Native white — Foreign or mixed par.. Foreign-bom white Negro Louiaiana Native wliite— Native parentage Native white — Foreign or mixed par. . Foreign-bom white Negro Oldahoma Native wliite— Native parentage Native white — Foreign or mixed par.. Foreign-bom white Negro Texas Native white — Native parentage Native white — Foreign or mixed par.. Foreign-bom white Negro MOTTNTAIN Montana Native white — Native parentage Native white — Foreign or mixed par.. Foreign-bom wliite Negro Idaho Native white— Native parentage Native white— Foreign or mixed par. . Foreign-bom white Negro Wyoming Native white— Native parentage Native white — Foreign or mixed par. , Foreign-bom white Negro Colorado Native white — Native parentage Native white — Foreign or mixed par.. Foreign-born white Negro New Mexico Native white — Native parentage Native white— Foreign or mixed par. Foreign-bom white Negro Arizona Native white— Native parentage Native white— Foreign or mixed par. . Foreign-bom white Negro TTtah Native white— Native parentage Native white— Foreign or mixed par. . Foreign-born white Negro B^evada Native white — Native parentage Native white— Foreign or mixed par. . Foreign-bom white Negro PACIFIC Washington .•• Native white — Native parentage Native white— Foreign or mixed par. . Foreign-bom white Negro Oregon Native wlute— Native parentage Native white— Foreign or mixed par.. Foreign-bom white Negro California Native white— Native parentage Native white— Foreign or mixed par.. Foreign-bom white Negro 2, 138, 093 1,177,459 32,417 18,956 908,282 1,797,114 757,233 19,4g9 9,389 1,009,487 1,574,449 1,077,509 36,608 16,909 442,891 1,656,388 778,587 112,717 51,782 713,874 1,657,156 1,310,403 94,044 40,084 137,612 3, 896, 542 2,602,950 361,914 239,984 690,049 376,053 162,127 106,809 91,644 1,834 325,694 203,599 75,195 40,427 651 145,965 80,696 32,504 27, US 2,235 799, 024 475, 136 181, 428 126,851 11, 453 327,301 255,609 26,331 22,654 1,628 204,354 82,468 42, 176 46,824 2,009 373,351 171,663 131, 527 63,393 1,144 81,875 36,326 20,951 17,999 513 1,141,990 685,386 282, 628 241, 197 6,058 672,765 416, 851 135,238 103,001 1,492 2,377,549 1,106,533 635,889 517, 250 21,645 311,716 183,253 4,127 151 123,991 259,661 115,725 1,956 63 141,691 230,701 169,391 3,800 107 67,330 224,069 119,812 11,353 326 92,439 241,904 199,142 10,201 280 18,186 538,984 389,293 54,322 5,196 90,057 38,323 20,167 15,841 746 105 40,444 31,561 8,149 253 40 16, 331 10,218 4,585 206 109 82, 562 66, 192 24,431 978 708 45, 286 37,019 4,241 494 150 24,778 11,130 7,986 1,056 166 62, 698 37,324 14,401 425 56 6,383 3,856 1,896 68 108, 766 66,713 37, 786 1,826 289 60, 211 44,584 14,085 658 70 193,659 112,821 70,934 3,294 1,519 284,802 158,614 3,703 514 121,935 244,273 102,200 1,665 280 139,945 209, 661 146,929 3,768 348 58,652 218,743 111,077 10,416 1,123 96,986 217,775 176,349 10,566 746 18,269 508,654 363,946 51,610 10,208 92,903 34, 179 17,192 14,067 . 1,442 96 36,132 26,624 8,535 665 33 13,049 8,445 3,766 631 102 75,616 49,888 21,912 2,847 765 41, 026 33,386 3,482 925 134 21,917 9,355 6,064 2,044 162 45, 875 29,774 14,515 1,128 62 5,670 3,315 1,662 144 18 99, 678 68,967 34,429 4,443 262 66, 923 40,776 13, 791 1,684 63 176,192 100,262 62,260 8,644 1,427 263,196 136,874 3,604 678 112,129 219,914 89,677 1,686 366 128,019 179, 879 122,986 3,769 388 52,679 193. 791 97,023 9,116 1,597 85,917 186, 069 148,986 10,492 866 16,208 456. 792 310,648 48,426 12,165 85,461 29,686 14,191 12,755 1,432 95 31,902 22,323 19 10, 829 6,942 3,210 443 56 46,023 20,386 3,261 807 34,408 28, 190 2,961 837 106 18, 091 7,684 4,783 2,073 130 40, 070 22,966 16,441 1,306 65 4,936 2,640 1,606 129 18 92, 802 63,068 33,243 4,937 274 65,776 38,263 15,048 1,651 54 173,945 96,933 63 ,•349 9,971 1,467 229,517 126,039 3,435 806 99,130 196,241 81,418 1,717 441 112,527 173, 888 118,910 4,016 693 50,309 175,227 86,829 9,107 2,315 76,868 174,402 139,613 10,237 1,353 14,974 423, 270 285,709 44,709 15,412 77,329 13,696 11,829 3,162 104 30, 270 20,084 8,628 1,273 33 11,488 6,972 3,249 1,016 97 71,046 46, 013 20,401 4,521 862 32,457 26,272 2,724 1,288 123 17,389 6,876 4,356 2,778 136 37, 464 18,687 16, 289 2,169 70 6,263 2,451 1,585 665 15 99, 647 54,227 36,244 8,302 325 60, 749 39,423 16, 649 3,721 67 196,034 100,304 69, 869 18,080 1,762 211,406 177,557 113,226 94,609 2,786 2,496 1,626 2,139 93,670 78,334 176,469 148,983 71,664 60,404 1,693 1,653 769 859 102,222 85,964 151,760 129,133 100,954 86,118 3,538 3,109 1,008 1,376 46,220 39,488 164,915 141,905 77,362 63,928 9,001 9,258 4,335 4,918 74,119 63,677 159,009 139,209 125,836 108,971 9,141 8,282 3,058 4,076 14,344 12,601 390,078 329,776 264,272 213,634 38,180 30,010 22,332 24,222 75,109 61,727 43,147 44,264 18,433 18,111 11,974 10,056 11,399 14,700 179 238 31,997 31,055 19,320 17,666 8,149 7,675 3,975 6,049 78 99 19,373 19,633 10,341 9,826 4,113 3,561 4,009 6,018 428 488 79, 050 78, 885 47,056 44,916 18,306 16,957 12,036 16, 821 1,101 1,384 30,931 24,176 2,397 2,595 162 20, 756 8,226 4,066 5,994 192 37,019 16,670 16,283 6,393 117 8,038 3,182 2,061 2,109 41 122, 058 61,231 30,962 25,493 642 70, 428 42,849 16, 706 10,349 166 234, 121 107, 693 66, 798 46, 693 2.183 27,923 21,060 2,084 3,054 206 21, 975 8,729 3,644 7,238 261 33, 766 12, 191 13,921 6,689 156 9,606 3,764 2,473 2,643 63 126, 074 60,026 26, 387 34,402 953 69, 730 40,821 13,632 13,477 202 246, 426 104, 142 62, 865 63,691 2,573 136, 889 76,628 2,320 2,041 56,845 117,631 50,498 1,655 884 64,490 104,721 70,488 2,793 1,688 29,729 113,662 51,258 9,903 4,913 47,489 116,018 90,493 7,626 4,161 9,662 268,948 176,838 24,296 22,443 46,249 36,701 14,457 8,087 12,858 218 27, 007 16,053 6,487 4,804 78 15, 093 7,466 2,800 3,934 401 69,313 38,494 13, 726 15, 220 1,263 22,993 16,984 1,871 2,632 196 18,446 7,376 3,069 6,968 209 27, 416 8,664 11,706 6,227 184 9,280 3,663 2,491 2,460 106,963 60,064 21,471 31, 160 886 59,263 34, 561 11,136 12, 063 212 225,610 92,064 68,503 69,968 2,296 209,632 111,066 4,310 3,628 90,460 182,607 74,618 3,113 1,802 102,887 160,994 106,404 5,087 3,366 46,066 184, 442 74,426 20,576 9,748 79,466 186,400 142,689 12,760 8,849 14,744 408,851 259,150 35,675 43,674 70,080 66, 109 20,971 11,946 20,963 389 42, 866 22,449 10,317 9,109 133 20, 606 10,050 4,030 5,636 331 116, 503 62,286 22,749 28,669 2,279 39, 115 28,833 3,243 4,423 272 28, 327 10,666 4,404 9,426 420 41, 334 11,262 17,718 11,323 216 14,831 5,742 3,917 4,025 136 167,436 76, 574 32,313 63, 328 1,330 97, 451 65,124 17,291 21, 938 371 375, 105 161, 171 93,468 109,624 3,880 159,014 84,461 3,252 3,420 68,416 115,236 60,440 2,316 1,403 60,962 116,729 75,024 3,796 3,438 34,411 116,190 46,704 14,833 8,219 46,232 122,694 92,236 8,926 7,722 9,688 280,369 174,705 22,378 36,962 46,087 36, 149 13,247 7,047 14,188 216 29,290 15,058 6,056 7,399 78 12, 068 5,882 2,173 3,602 137 83,259 43,768 16,016 22,811 1,380 26,912 20,074 2,042 3,152 146 17, 196 6,610 2,482 6,474 211 28,419 7,662 9,261 10,950 109 9,240 3,634 2,137 2,694 64 117, 405 62.487 20,005 41,985 675 72,394 39, 356 10,974 18, 272 181 266, 171 109,346 66, 606 86, 499 2,546 94, 409 56,787 1,537 2,224 34,834 77,426 36,244 1,316 1,212 38,667 69,736 49,298 1,845 2,386 16,138 69,726 28,815 6,445 6,789 27,681 70,613 63,861 3,920 4,930 5,042 171,983 113,191 8,775 26,676 24,325 16,676 6,291 2,273 5,941 126 14,688 7,918 1,909 4,241 36 5,646 2,920 714 1,718 46 44,022 24,742 5,988 12,581 553 16, 071 12,272 869 1,883 80 9,049 3,526 918 2,913 90 15,563 4,156 2,263 8,852 51 4,984 1,815 787 1,765 67, 805 28, 171 7,365 20,900 211 89,962 22, 742 4,621 10,962 71 156, 662 68,095 21,061 58,969 1,138 66,363 35,853 919 1,793 26,770 54,338 23,241 691 1,290 29,053 44,898 30,801 1,072 2,182 10,827 49,733 17,808 2,605 7,391 21,886 41,046 30,216 1,937 3,900 3,303 110,801 67,699 3,233 20,773 19,057 9,085 3,999 846 3,639 47 8,940 4,737 745 2,997 22 2,796 1,469 291 948 26 26,727 16, 016 2,438 7,891 306 6,950 408 1,327 68 6,794 2,073 381 1,763 44 12, 369 2,907 621 8,564 25 3,120 1,144 320 1,164 20 36,673 18,910 3,105 13,479 111 28, 153 17, 170 2,329 7,926 37 126, 263 60,772 10,640 50, 160 761 136 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. PER CENT DISTRIBUTION BY AGE PERIODS, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES: 1910. [Percentages based on total population, which includes a small number of persons of unknown age.] Table 13 PEE CENT OF TOTAL POPULATION. PEE CENT— CONDENSED AGE GEOUHNG. DIVISION AND STATE. Under 5 years. 5to9 years. L0tol4 years. 15 to 19 years. 20 to 24 years. 25 to 29 years. SO to Si years. 35 to 14 years. 45 to 54 years. 65 to 64 years. 65 years and over. Under 5 years. 5 to 14 years. 15 to 24 years. 25to44 45to64 years, years. 66 years and over. TTnited States 11.6 10.6 9.9 9.9 9.8 3.9 7.G 12.7 9.1 5.6 4.3 11.6 20.5 19.7 2S.1 14.6 4.8 Geographic divisions: New England 9.8 10.6 10.6 11.3 13.6 13.8 14.1 11.6 8.6 8.9 9.4 9.7 10.6 12.5 12.7 13.1 10.4 7.9 8.5 8.9 9.4 10.1 11.4 11.5 11.6 9.1 7.7 8.9 9.3 9.6 10.2 10.6 10.8 10.8 8.9 8.5 9.4 10.0 9.7 10.0 9.8 9.7 9.9 10.3 10.2 8.9 9.4 8.9 8.8 8.2 8.2 8.4 10.1 10.5 8.0 8.3 7.7 7.4 6.7 6.6 6.9 8.6 9.3 14.5 14.0 13.2 12.3 10.9 10.6 10.7 13.7 16.3 10.5 9.8 10.0 9.2 7.6 7.6 7.2 9.2 10.9 6.6 5.7 6.1 5.6 4.9 4.8 4.3 4.8 6.1 5.9 4.4 5.1 4.6 3.6 3.5 2.8 3.0 4.5 9.8 10.6 10.5 11.3 13.6 13.8 14.1 11.6 8.6 17.4 18.4 19.1 20.6 24.0 24.3 24.7 19.6 15.6 18.3 19.4 19.3 20.2 20.4 20.4 20.6 19.2 18.7 31.4 31.7 29.8 28.4 26.8 25.4 26.0 32.4 35.2 17.1 15.4 16.1 14.8 12.6 12.4 11.6 14.0 16.9 6.9 Middle Atlantic 4.4 East North Central . 5.1 West North Central 4.6 3.6 E ast South Central 3.5 West South Central "M'niTnt^f.i'n 2.8 3.0 4.5 < New England: Maine 9.7 9.2 9.6 9.8 10.0 10.1 9.9 10.5 11.5 10.1 10.2 10.6 10.6 11.0 10.9 10.6 10.9 14.3 12.6 11.8 11.3 9.9 10.6 8.1 13.0 13. S 15.1 15.1 14.4 12.9 12.9 13.5 14.6 14.4 14.7 13.5 14.6 13.8 10.2 12.4 10.6 10.3 13.8 12.1 14.1 7.8 9.5 8.9 8.1 9.0 8.6 9.2 8.8 8.9 9.1 8.8 9.5 10.1 9.2 9.8 9.7 9.8 10.6 10.6 10.3 10.3 12.1 11.5 10.7 10.5 9.5 10.3 7.6 12.4 12.1 13.4 13.8 13.3 12.1 11.9 12.3 13.3 13.6 13.3 13.2 13.1 13.1 9.1 11.1 8.9 9.6 12.6 10.7 12.3 6.9 8.7 8.6 7.4 8.7 8.4 8.8 8.5 8.7 8.5 8.6 9.0 9.3 8.9 9.5 9.2 9.2 10.5 10.3 10.0 9.8 10.3 10.3 10.2 10.0 9.6 10.0 7.4 11.5 10.7 12.1 12.7 12.1 10.7 11.0 11.1 11.8 12.2 11.4 11.7 11.2 11.7 7.9 9.8 7.4 8.7 10.6 8.9 10.7 6.0 8.1 8.3 7.3 8.8 8.8 8.8 8.8 9.6 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.4 9.6 9.7 9.6 10.4 10.4 10.1 10.1 9.8 10.0 10.4 10.1 9.6 9.9 8.5 10.5 10.2 11.0 11.4 10.7 10.1 10.6 10.9 10.7 10.9 11.0 10.6 10.5 10.9 7.9 9.3 7.9 8.9 9.9 8.5 10.0 6.4 8.7 9.0 8.2 8.3 8.6 8.1 9.7 9.9 9.7 10.3 9.9 9.8 9.6 9.3 10.2 9.4 9.6 10.4 9.5 9.7 10.7 10.8 10.3 9.9 9.5 9.6 10.4 9.6 10.0 9.5 10.0 10.0 10.4 9.4 9.7 9.9 9.8 9.6 10.0 9.6 10.0 11.5 9.8 13.3 9.9 9.5 10.2 9.9 9.8 10.7 10.5 9.8 7.7 7.8 7.6 9.3 9.2 9.1 9.7 9.3 9.2 9.0 8.5' 9.4 8.6 8.2 9.0 8.3 8.7 9.8 9.4 8.9 8.5 8.6 8.5 10.6 7.8 8.8 7.6 7.8 8.2 9.2 7.9 8.1 8.3 8.3 8.2 8.6 8.4 8.5 11.8 9.5 13.4 9.9 8.6 10.8 9.0 11.7 11.0 10.4 10.4 7.2 7.4 7.3 8.3 8.2 8.1 8.4 8.4 8.0 7.9 7.3 8.0 7.5 7.0 7.4 7.2 7.5 7.8 7.4 7.2 7.2 7.6 7.4 9.4 6.6 7.2 6.0 6.1 6.5 7.4 6.8 6.7 6.4 6.6 6.7 6.9 7.0 6.9 9.8 8.3 10.3 8.7 7.0 9.0 7.3 11.3 9.4 8.8 9.6 13.3 14.0 13.5 14:9 14.5 14.4 14.4 14.4 13.4 13.7 13.1 13.6 12.9 12.1 12.2 12.4 13.0 11.3 11.3 11.6 11.9 13.3 13.2 16.1 11.1 11.4 9.6 9.6 10.0 11.9 11.6 10.8 9.8 10.2 10.2 11.1 11.2 10.5 14.9 13.2 14.1 14.6 12.0 13.9 11,1 18.1 14.7 14.5 15.8 11.0 11.3 10.7 10.5 10.1 10.2 10.1 9.8 9.3 10.2 10.3 9.6 10.2 9.7 9.3 9.7 9.4 7.6 8.4 8.9 9.1 10.6 9.8 10.3 8.0 7.4 7.3 6.3 7.0 7.6 8.4 7.9 7.5 6.4 7.4 7.0 7.4 7.2 9.6 9.0 8.3 10.4 8.2 8.4 7.6 11.3 10.3 10.8 11.2 7.9 8.0 8.1 6.2 6.1 6.2 6.8 5.6 5.5 6.6 6.8 5.3 6.6 5.8 5.0 6.1 5.8 3.8 4.8 5.6 6.0 6.6 6.0 6.1 6.2 4.6 4.9 4.3 4.5 4.4 6.2 5.1 4.4 4.3 4.4 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.2 4.6 3.8 6.5 4.9 4.4 4.2 6.1 5.1 5.9 6.6 8.2 7.9 8.2 6.2 4.6 6.3 4.6 4.2 4.3 5.5 5.5 4.3 6.6 5.1 4.1 5.6 4.6 2.2 3.3 4.3 5.2 5.2 4.7 5.1 4.1 3.5 3.5 2.9 3.1 2.9 4.1 3.8 3.1 3.0 2.9 3.0 2.5 2.8 2.4 2.7 1.9 3.3 3.0 2.8 3.3 3.8 3.2 4.2 6.3 9.7 9.2 9.6 9.8 10.0 10.1 9.9 10.5 11.5 10.1 10.2 10.6 10.6 11.0 10.9 10.6 10.9 14.3 12.6 11.8 11.3 9.9 10.6 8.1 13.0 13.8 15.1 15.1 14.4 12.9 12.9 13.6 14.6 14.4 14.7 13.5 14.6 13.8 10.2 12.4 10.5 10.3 13.8 12.1 14.1 7.8 9.5 8.9 8.1 17.7 17.0 18.0 17.2 17.6 17.7 17.4 18.6 19.4 18.1 19.3 18.9 19.0 21.2 20.9 20.3 20.1 22.4 21.7 21.0 20.5 19.0 20.3 16.1 24.0 22.9 26.4 26.5 26.4 22.8 23.0 23.5 26.2 26.8 24.7 24.9 24.4 24.8 17.0 20.9 16.4 18.2 23.0 19.6 23.0 13.0 16.9 16.8 14.7 17.1 17.4 16.8 18.5 19.5 18.8 19.5 19.2 19.2 18.9 18.9 19.9 18.9 19.9 20.8 19.6 19.9 20.5 20.8 20.8 20.0 19.1 19.4 18.9 20.0 20.2 20.6 21.4 20.7 20.6 19.9 20.5 20.6 20.7 20.7 20.6 20.1 20.9 19.4 19.1 21.1 18.8 19.4 18.7 19.9 16.2 19.4 19.5 18.1 28.2 29.2 28.6 32.5 32.0 31.7 32.5 32.1 30.7 30.5 29.0 31.0 28.9 27.3 28. 6 27.9 29.2 29.0- 28.1 27.7 27.7 29.4 29.1 36.1 26.5 27.6 23.1 23.4 24.7 28.5 26.3 25.5 24.5 26.0 25.1 26.6 26.6 25.9 36.5 31.0 37.8 33.1 27.5 33.6 27.5 41.2 36.1 33.7 35.6 18.9 19.2 18.8 16.7 16.2 16.3 16.0 16.2 14.8 16.8 17.0 15.0 16.9 16.4 14.3 16.8 15.1 11.3 13.2 14.4 15.1 17.2 15.8 16.4 13.2 12.0 12.2 10.6 11.5 12.0 13.6 13.0 11.9 10.7 11.8 11.2 11.7 11.6 13.8 13.6 12.1 16.9 13.1 12.8 11.8 17.4 15.3 16.7 17.8 8.2 New Hampshire 7.9 8.2 Massachusetts . . 5.2 4.6 5.3 Middle Atlantic: New York 4.6 4.2 Pennsylvania 4.3 East North Central: 6.6 6.6 UlinoJs 4.3 6.6 Wisconsin 6.1 West North Central: 4.1 Iowa 6.6 4.6 North Dakota 2.2 3.3 Nebraska 4.3 5.2 South Atlantic: 5.2 4.7 District of Columbia 5.1 4.1 West Virginia. 3.5 3.5 South Carolina 2.9 Georgia 3.1 2.9 East South Central: 4.1 3.8 3.1 3.0 West South Central: 2.9 T 11,280 4,912 6,096 235 36 19,187 7,199 10,575 1,337 74 22,371 7,990 10,602 3,666 109 35,856 12,393 11,250 11,942 258 18,496 6,312 3,858 8,178 142 5,233 1,868 373 2,963 38 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100. 10.0 12.0 14.3 0.8 S.4 17.0 17.7 24.7 4.7 11.1 19.9 19.6 24.8 12.9 16.4 31.9 30.4 26.3 42.1 38.8 16.4 15.5 9.0 28.9 21.4 4.6 4.6 0.9 10.4 5.7 233,650 160,693 41,420 19,767 21,81S 18,697 14,277 2,794 68 1,557 35,646 26, 196 5,869 643 3,046 45,314 30,990 7,788 2,274 4,259 83,848 50,610 16,424 8,053 8,73S 39, 712 22,597 7,722 5,878 3,494 9,951 6,671 811 2,913 666 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100. » 8.0 9.5 6.7 0.3 7.1 15.3 17.4 14.1 2.7 140 19.4 20.6 18.8 11.5 19.5 35.9 33.6 39.7 40.7 40.0 17.0 16.0 18.6 29.7 16.0 4.3 3.7 2.0 14.7 3.0 267,779 74,861 109,101 77,697 9,96» 29,457 11,362 17,004 530 657 52,398 19,830 28,394 3,311 862 53,484 16,136 23,675 12,611 1,044 88,146 18,656 29,758 37,002 2,625 36,340 6,991 9,534 19,004 779 7,752 1,764 708 6,198 82 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100. » 11.0 15.2 15.6 0.7 9.3 19.6 26.6 26.0 4.3 14 6 20.0 2L6 2L7 16.2 17.5 32.9 249 27.3 47.6 440 13.6 9.3 87 245 13.1 2.9 2.4 0.6 6.7 14 248,381 163,717 45,633 26,327 23,566 18,598 13,110 4,092 174 1,211 34, 138 23,011 7,636 1,116 2,465 60,379 32,480 9,963 3,218 4,700 93,941 54, 891 16,857 10,989 11,160 39,673 22,591 6,494 7,340 3,214 8,641 5,086 642 2,422 490 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100. 7.6 8.5 9.0 0.7 6.1 13.7 15.0 16 5 44 10.5 20.3 21.1 2L8 12.7 19. 9t 37.8 36.7 36 9 43.4 47.3 mo 14.7 14.2 29.0 13.6 3.6 3.3 L4 9.6 21 AGE DISTRIBUTION. 141 DISTRIBUTION BY AGE PERIODS OP THE POPULATION IN CITIES OF 100,000 INHABITANTS OR MORE: 1910— Contd. [Totals for all ages include persons of unknown age.] Table 15— Continued. aTT AND AGE FEBIOS. Los Angeles, Cal. All ages, number Under 5 years 5 to 14 years 15 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over All ages, per cent. Under 5 years 6 to 14 years 15 to 24 years 26 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over Louisville, Ky. All ages, number. . , Under 5 years 5 to 14 years 15 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 66 years and over All ages, per cent. Under 5 years 6 to 14 years 15 to 24 years 26 to 44 years 45to64yeai's 65 yeai!, and over Lowell, Uass. All ages, number. . Under 5 years 5 to 14 years 16 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 66 years and over All ages, per cent- Under 5 years 5 to 14 years 15 to 24 years 26 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over Dlemphis, Term. All ages, number. . . Under 5 years 5 to 14 years 16 to 24 years 25 to 44 yeai'S 46 to 64 years 65 years and over All ages, per cent. Under 5 years 5 to 14 years 15 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over Milwaukee, Wis. All ages, number Under 5 years 5to 14 years 15 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over All ages, per cent. Under 6 years 6 to 14 years 15 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over Minneapolis, Minn. All ages, number Under 5 years 6 to 14 years 15 to 24 years 25 to 44 3'ears 45 to 64 years 66 years and over All 319,198 22,817 41,517 67, 621 121, 776 59,639 15,439 > 100. 7.1 13.0 18.1 38.2 18.7 48 223,928 18,848 37,418 46, 279 75,443 36,655 8,976 100.0 &4 16.7 20.7 33.7 16l4 40 106,294 10,437 18,027 21,343 35,046 16,901 4,389 100.0 9.8 17.0 20.1 33.0 15.9 41 131, 105 10, 766 19,505 28,575 60, 116 17,646 3,857 100.0 &2 14 9 2L8 38 2 13.4 2.9 373, 867 37,834 69,041 81, 051 118,833 53, 718 12,756 100.0 10.1 18.5 21.7 31.8 14.4 3.4 301, 408 25,797 44,661 67,385 106,636 45,059 9,860 NATrVE WHITE. Native parent- Foreign or mixed parentage 169,967 13,381 23,688 31,623 61,974 30,359 8,822 100.0 7.9 13.9 1&6 3&5 17.9 5.2 113, 543 13,827 24,954 26,970 32,062 12,662 3,015 100.0 12.2 22 23.8 282 11.2 2.7 20,703 2,343 3,639 3,447 5,484 4,068 1,683 100.0 1L3 17.6 16.6 26 5 19.6 ai 59,985 6,012 10,201 13, 115 21,183 7,349 1,541 100.0 10.0 17.0 2L9 35.3 123 2.6 78,823 14,755 21,299 19,500 17,099 4,459 1,220 100.0 18.7 27.0 24.7 21.7 5.7 1.5 96,186 10,633 15,946 21,216 29,978 12,869 3,864 74, 766 8,022 13,540 15, 667 25,693 10,330 1.476 100.0 10.7 l&l 20.9 34 4 13.8 2.0 52,411 2,614 6,638 9,538 21,578 11,146 100.0 48 12.7 18.2 4L2 2L3 L8 41,942 7,681 12,302 9,418 9,153 100.0 18 3 29.3 22 5 2L8 7.4 0.6 12,138 984 1,789 2,283 4,878 2,039 158 100.0 &1 14 7 las 40.2 16.8 1.3 182, 530 22,239 42,746 46,392 53,514 16,879 702 100.0 12.2 23.4 25.4 29.3 9.2 0.4 115,548 14,624 25,430 33,233 33,417 9,016 709 bom Negro. white. 60,684 7,599 636 656 3,026 1,062 7,706 1,433 27,604 3,103 16,709 1,244 4,916 184 100.0 100.0 0.9 7.3 6.0 13.8 12.7 18 9 45.6 40.8 27.6 16.4 8.1 24 17,436 40,622 49 2,468 387 5,439 1,333 8,432 5,467 16,341 6,463 6,379 3,706 1,286 100.0 100.0 0.3 • 6.1 22 13.4 7.6 20.8 31.4 40.3 37.1 15.7 2L3 3.2 43,457 133 400 11 2,073 13 8,443 26 20,327 49 9,706 26 2,431 7 100.0 100.0 0.9 8.3 48 9.8 19.4 18 8 46.8 36.8 22.3 19 6 5.6 5.3 6,467 62,441 28 3,729 318 7,190 916 12,249 2,613 21,408 1,873 6,269 715 1,442 100.0 100.0 0.4 7.1 49 13.7 14 2 23.4 40.4 40.8 29.0 12 11.1 27 111,456 980 790 46 4,913 81 14,965 184 47,690 496 32,215 149 10,813 20 100.0 100.0 0.7 4 7 4.4 8.3 13.4 18.8 42.8 50.6 28.9 16.2 9.7 2.0 85,938 2,592 422 113 2,929 251 12,605 410 41,820 1,353 22,778 355 6,239 56 CITY AMD AGE FEBIOD. Minneapolis, Minn. —Continued. All ages, per cent Under 5 years 5 to 14 years 15 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 66 years and over Kashvllle, Tenn. All ages, number Under 5 years 5 to 14 years 15 to 24 years 26 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over All ages, per cent — Under 5 years 5 to 14 years 15 to 24 years 26 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 66 years and over Kew Haven, Conn. All ages, number Under 5 years 5 to 14 years 15 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over All ages, per cent Under 5 years 5 to 14 years 15 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over New Orleans, La. All ages, number Under 6 years 5 to 14 years 15 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over All ages, per cent Under 5 years 5 to 14 years 15 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over New York, N. Y. All ages, number Under 6 years 5 to 14 years 15 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 66 years and over All ages, per cent Under 5 years 5 to 14 years 15 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over Manhattan Borough. All ages, number Under 5 years 5 to 14 years 15 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over All ages, per cent Under 5 years 5 to 14 years .- 15 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over All 100.0 8.6 14 8 22.4 35.4 14 9 3.3 110,364 10, 172 19,627 24, 167 36,514 16,695 4,146 100.0 9.2 17.8 21.9 32.2 15.1 3.8 133, 605 13,702 24,241 25,266 43,355 21,083 6,735 100.0 10.3 18.1 18.9 32.5 15.8 4 3 339,075 32,047 C4,076 69,403 110,408 48,291 12,892 100.0 9.6 18.9 20.5 32.6 142 3.8 4,766,883 507,080 860, 094 989,484 1,613,715 653, 787 1.36,321 100.0 10.6 18.1 20.8 33.9 13.7 2.8 2,331,542 235,864 384,443 509,675 820, 638 315,563 59,552 100.0 10.1 16.5 21.9 35.2 13.5 2.6 NATIVE WHITE. Native parent- Foreign or mised parentage 100.0 11.1 16.6 22.1 31.2 13.4 40 63, 687 6,988 12,376 14,000 19,438 8,745 2,120 100.0 11.0 19.4 22.0 30.5 13.7 3.3 37,726 3,743 7,247 6,772 10,649 6,513 2,710 100.0 9.9 19.2 18.0 28.2 17.3 7.2 147,473 19,696 37,868 35,476 38,236 11,855 2,756 100.0 13.4 25.7 241 25.9 8.0 1.9 921, 318 126,855 210,937 197,307 254,408 98,778 28,280 100.0 13.8 22.9 21.4 27.6 10.7 3.1 344,351 41,504 ,64, 431 71,078 109,675 42,262 11,018 100.0 12.1 18.7 20.6 31.8 12.3 3.2 100.0 12.5 21.8 28.6 28.7 7.7 0.6 7,151 452 996 1,328 2,849 1,370 166 100.0 6.3 13.9 18.6 39.8 19.2 2.2 49,434 9,382 13,900 9,960 11,651 4,179 338 100.0 19.0 28.1 20.1 23.6 8.5 0.7 74,244 4,666 9,564 12,067 30,169 16, 100 1,720 100.0 6.1 12.9 16.3 40.6 21.7 2.3 1,820,141 358, 733 504,509 373, 691 422,634 147,599 12,564 100.0 19.7 27.7 20.5 23.2 8.1 0.7 818,208 181,317 231,206 167,707 173,742 68, 866 5,016 100.0 22.2 28.3 20.5 21.2 7.2 0.6 Foreign- bom white. 100.0 0.5 3.4 14 6 48.7 26.5 6.1 2,993 11 144 300 989 1,022 524 100.0 0.4 4 8 10.0 33.0 341 17.5 42,784 306 2,610 7,890 19,499 9,828 2,661 100.0 0.7 6.1 18.4 45.6 23.0 6.0 27,686 151 1,073 2,807 9,409 8,760 5,371 100.0 0.5 3.9 10.4 34 31.6 19.4 1,927,703 14,660 135,070 399,225 889,208 395,495 92,747 100.0 0.8 7.0 20.7 46.1 20.5 48 1,104,019 8,886 83,038 257,745 603,842 206,917 42,681 100.0 0.8 7.5 23.3 45.6 18.7 3.9 Negro. 100.0 44 9.7 15.8 52.2 13.7 2.2 36,623 2,721 6,112 8,537 12,233 6,656 1,346 100.0 7.6 16.7 23.4 33.5 15.2 3.7 3,561 271 482 626 1,498 542 136 100.0 7.6 13.5 17.6 42.1 16.2 3.8 7,624 15,554 18, 949 32,396 11,445 3,036 100.0 8.5 17.4 21.2 36.3 12.8 3.4 91,709 6,676 9,972 18,644 44,014 10,441 1,690 100.0 7.3 10.9 20.3 48.0 11.4 1.8 60,534 4,054 5,637 12,607 30,821 6,381 811 100.0 6.7 9.3 20.8 50.9 10.6 1.3 142 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATIOiT. DISTRIBUTION BY AGE PERIODS OF THE POPULATION IN CITIES OP 100,000 INHABITANTS OR MORE: 1910— Contd. [Totals for all ages include persons of unknown age.] Table 16— Continued. CUT AND AGE PERIOD. Kew York, N. Y.— Continued Bronx Borough. All ages, number Under 5 years S to 14 years IS to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over All ages, per cent Under 5 years 5 to 14 years 15 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 66 years and over Brotklyn Borough. All ages, number Under 5 years 5tol4yeara 15 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over All ages, per cent Under 5 years 5 to 14 years 15 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over Queens Borough. All ages, number Under 5 years 5 to 14 years 16 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 46 to 64 years 66 years and over All ages, per cent Under 5 years 5 to 14 years 16 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 46 to 64 years 65 years and over Richmond Borough. All ages, number Under 6 years 5 to 14 years 15 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 46 to 64 years 65 years and over All ages, per cent Under 5 years 5 to 14 years 15 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 46 to 64 years 65 years and over I7ewark, N. J. All ages, number Under 5 years 5 to 14 years 16 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 46 to 64 years 65 years and over All ages, per cent Under 5 years 5 to 14 years 15 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over Oakland, Gal. All ages, number Under 5 years 5 to 14 years ; . 16 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 to 04 years 65 years and over All ages, per cent Under 5 years 5 to 14 years 15 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 66 years and over All 430,980 46,704 83, 699 85,731 144,544 58,215 11,726 100.0 10.8 19.4 19.9 33.5 13.5 2.7 1,634,351 183,813 315,918 323,493 331,449 227, 472 51,776 100.0 11.2 19.3 19.8 32.5 13.9 3.2 284,041 31,847 59,062 55,090 89,970 39,702 8,298 100.0 11.2 20.8 19.4 31.7 14.0 2.9 85,969 8,852 17,672 15,695 27,114 12,835 3,969 100.0 10.3 20.4 18.1 31.6 14.9 46 347,469 38,421 64,397 68,698 114, 736 49,339 11,321 100.0 11.1 18.5 19.8 33.0 14.2 3.3 150, 174 12, 585 21,143 27,426 55,099 26,483 7,362 100.0 8.4 14.1 18.3 36.7 17.6 4.9 NATIVE WHITE. Native parent- 92,669 15,025 25, 401 21,008 22,210 6,996 1,775 100.0 16.2 27.4 22.7 24.0 7.6 1.9 375,648 63,014 90,934 82,710 96,773 39, 749 12,273 100.0 14.1 24.2 22.0 26.8 10.6 80,607 13,700 22,989 16,981 18,671 6,455 1,778 100.0 17.0 28.5 21.1 23.2 8.0 2.2 28,243 3,612 7,182 6,530 7,139 3,326 1,436 100.0 12.8 25.4 19.6 25.3 11.8 5.1 94,737 12,285 20,718 19, 582 26,705 11,510 3,521 100.0 13.0 21.9 20.7 28.2 12.1 3.7 55,198 6,320 9,436 10, 198 18,146 8,352 2,715 100.0 11.4 17.1 18.5 32.9 15.1 4.9 Foreign or mixed parentage 185, 146 30,361 50,298 40,099 47, 767 15,479 1,097 100.0 16.4 27.2 21.7 25.8 8.4 0.6 663,683 124,664 181,259 132,777 159,944 69,476 5,367 100.0 18.8 27.3 20.0 24.1 9.0 0.8 120,969 17,432 32,621 26,918 32,737 10,517 732 100.0 14.4 27.0 22.3 27.1 8.7 0.6 32,235 4,959 9,125 6,190 8,344 3,261 352 100.0 16.4 28.3 19.2 25.9 10.1 1.1 132,360 24,274 34,959 27, 197 32,791 12,065 1,018 100.0 18.3 26.4 20.5 24.8 9.1 0.8 49,936 5,692 9,755 11,892 16,979 5,082 630 100.0 11.2 19.5 23.8 34.0 10.2 1.3 Foreign- born wbite. 148,935 4,117 918 393 7,408 588 23,862 736 72,750 1,684 35,182 520 8,663 186 100.0 0.6 6.0 16.0 48.8 23.6 5.8 571,356 4,271 40,600 103,475 264, 174 126,040 33,593 100.0 0.7 7.1 18.1 46.2 21.9 6.9 79,115 412 2,959 10,612 37,258 22,278 6,673 100.0 0.5 3.7 13.3 47.1 28.2 7.2 24,278 174 1,065 3,631 11,184 6,078 2,137 100.0 0.7 4.4 15.0 46.1 25.0 110,656 984 7,369 20,163 51,119 24,399 6,662 160.0 0.9 6.7 18.2 46.2 22.0 5.9 36,822 185 1,269 3,904 16,619 11,112 3,820 100.0 0.6 3.4 10.6 44.9 30.2 10.4 kegro. 100.0 9.5 14.3 17.9 40.9 12.6 4.5 22,708 1,821 3,065 4,396 9,904 2,951 634 100.0 8.0 13.6 19.4 43.6 13.0 2.4 3,198 298 485 665 1,204 427 116 100.0 9.3 16.2 20.8 37.6 13.4 3.6 1,152 107 197 240 401 162 44 100.0 9.3 17.1 20.8 34.8 14.1 9,475 875 1,338 1,754 3,981 1,286 216 100.0 9.2 14.1 18.5 42.0 13.6 2.3 3,055 216 314 521 1,372 629 101 100.0 7.1 10.3 17.1 44.9 17.3 3.3 CITY AND AGE PEEIOD. Omaha, Kebi. All ages, number. . . Under 5 years 6 to 14 years 15 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 46 to 64 years 65 years and over All ages, per cent. . . Under 5 years 6 to 14 years 16 to 24 years 25 to 44 years a-- 45 to 64 years 65 years and over Pateison, N. J. All ages, number - . . Under 5 years 5 to 14 years 15 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 46 to 64 years 65 years and over, All ages, per cent. . . Under 6 years 5 to 14 years 15 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 66 years and over Fhlladelphla, Fa. All ages, number Under 6 years 5 to 14 years 15 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over ,. . All ages, per cent Under 6 years 5 to 14 years 16 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 46 to 64 years 65 years and over Fittsbuigh, Pa. All ages, number Under 5 years 6 to 14 years ; . 16 to 24 years 26 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 66 years and over All ages, per cent Under 6 years 5 to 14 years 15 to 24 years 26 to 44 years 46 to 64 years 66 years and over Fortland, Oieg. All ages, number Under 5 years 5 to 14 years 15 to 24 years 26 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over All ages, per cent Under 5 years 5 to 14 years 15 to 24 years 26 to 44 years 46 to 64 years 65 years and over Providence, K. I. All ages, number Under 5 years 5 to 14 years 15 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 46 to 64 years 65 years and over All ages, per cent. . . Under 5 years '5 to 14 years 15 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over All 124, 096 10,469 18,836 26,890 44,647 19,076 4,043 100.0 8.4 15.2 21.7 36.0 16.4 3.3 125, 600 12,646 23,969 26,081 40,495 18,623 4,718 100.0 10.0 19.1 20.0 32.2 14.8 3.8 1,549,008 162,921 266,039 299,722 616,656 248,504 62,089 100.0 9.9 17.2 19.3 33.4 16.0 4.0 533,905 57,788 95,195 108,378 183,046 73,016 15,229 100.0 10.8 17.8 20.3 34.3 13.7 2.9 207,214 14,158 24,851 41,793 85,081 34,565 6,538 100.0 6.8 12.0 20.2 41.1 16.7 3.2 224,326 21,814 37, 012 42,715 76, 757 30, 441 9,311 100.0 9.7 10.5 19.0 34.2 16.2 4.2 NATIVE WHITE. Native parents 52,917 6,452 8,631 11,746 18,330 7,048 1,629 100.0 10.3 16.3 22.2 34.6 13.3 3.1 28,392 3,610 6,297 6,656 8,003 3,562 1,134 100.0 12.7 22.2 19.9 28.2 12.5 4.0 684,008 67,226 113, 172 119, 449 175,366 82,929 24,597 100.0 11.5 19.4 20.6 30.0 14.2 4.2 176,089 23,644 37,816 37,237 64,305 18,629 3,803 100.0 13.4 21.5 21.1 30.8 10.6 2.2 104,163 8,315 13, 634 21,457 42,478 14,874 3,248 100.0 8.0 13.1 20.6 40.8 14.3 3.1 69,966 6,933 10,076 10,715 17,869 10,870 4,398 100.0 9.9 10.8 17.9 29.8 18.1 7.3 Foreign or mixed parentage 39,595 4,686 8,667 10, 719 11,689 3,603 301 100.0 11.6 21.9 27.1 29.5 9.1 0.8 50,179 8,407 14,690 11,754 11,486 3,432 390 100.0 16.8 29.3 23.4 22.9 6.8 0.8 496,785 76,097 117,982 99,445 131,726 63,277 ■ 7,924 100.0 15.3 23.8 20.0 26.5 12.7 1.6 191,483 31,093 47,076 41,656 49,240 19,844 2,451 100.0 16.2 24.6 21.8 26.7 10.4 1.3 51,009 6,323 9,206 13,062 17,014 5,172 608 100.0 10.4 18.0 26.6 34.6 10.1 1.2 82,354 14,851 21,910 10, 713 20,771 7,491 576 100.0 18.0 26.0 20.3 25.2 9.1 0.7 Foreign- bom white. 27, 068 176 1,093 3,611 12,387 7,760 2,024 100.0 0.7 4.0 13.3 46.8 28.6 7.5 45,398 396 2,726 7,367 20,324 11,420 3,149 100.0 0.9 6.0 16.2 44.8 25.2 6.9 382,578 2,722 24,016 65,043 170,732 91,093 28,402 100.0 0.7 6.3 17.0 44.6 23.8 7.4 140,436 809 6,508 25,060 67,761 31,373 8,564 100.0 0.6 4.6 17.8 48.3 22.3 6.1 43,780 362 1,769 6,499 21,796 10,796 2,617 100.0 0.8 4.0 14.8 49.8 24.7 5.7 76,303 648 4,233 14,340 35,887 17,048 4,140 100.0 0.7 5.5 18.8 47.0 22.3 5.4 Negro. 4,426 243 441 796 2,212 640 88 100.0 5.5 10.0 18.0 60.0 14.6 2.0 1,539 132 243 296 634 187 45 100.0 8.6 15.8 19.2 41.2 12.2 2.9 84,159 6,863 10,830 15,667 38,197 10,854 1,752 100.0 8.1 12.8 18.5 46.2 12.9 2.1 25,623 2,240 3,786 4,398 11,602 3,076 409 100.0 8.7 14.8 17.2 46.3 12.0 1.6 1,045 45 ■ 74 135 609 163 16 100.0 4.3 7.1 12.9 58.3 15.6 1.6 6,316 458 755 908 2,084 920 179 100.0 8.6 14.2 17.1 39.2 17.3 3.4 AGE DISTRIBUTION. 143 DISTRIBUTION BY AGE PERIODS OF THE POPULATION IN CITIES OF 100,000 INHABITANTS OR MORE: 1910— Contd. [Totals of all ages include persons ol unknown age.] Vable IS— Continued. aiY AND AGE PEBIOD. Richmond, Va. All ages, number. . . Under 5 years Stol4 years IS to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over All ages, per cent Under 6 years 5 to 14 years 15 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over Kochester, IT. Y. All ages, number Under 5 years 5 to 14 years 15 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over All ages, percent.. Under 5 years 5 to 14 years 15 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over St. lionls, Mo. All ages, number. . Under 5 years 6 to 14 years 15 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over All ages, per cent. . . Under 5 years. 5 to 14 years 15 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over St. Paul, Minn. All ages, number. . . Under 5 years 5 to 14 years 15 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over , All ages, per cent Under 5 years 5 to 14 years 15 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over San Francisco, Cal. All ages, number Under 5 years 5 to 14 years 15 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over All ages, per cent. . Under 5 years 6 to 14 years IS to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over Scranton, Pa. All ages, number. . Under o years 5 to 14 years 15 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 1« 64 years 66 years and over All ages, per cent. Under 5 years 6 to 14 years 15 to 24 years 26 to 44 years 4o to 64 years 65 years and over AU 127,628 11,602 21,818 28,422 42,679 18,300 4,560 100.0 9.1 17.1 22.3 33.4 14.3 3.6 218,149 19,066 33,903 43,969 74,917 36, 705 9,463 100.0 8.7 16.6 ^.2 34.3 16.8 4.3 687,029 60,100 110,883 143,303 241,697 104,660 25,065 100.0 8.7 16.1 20.9 36.2 16.2 3.6 214,744 18,428 35,084 50,147 73, 742 30,900 6,316 100.0 8.6 16.3 23.4 34.3 14.4 2.9 416,912 29,178 49,730 78,954 170,442 68,642 16,028 100.0 7.0 11.9 18.9 40.9 16.6 129,867 15,348 26, 261 26,952 40,867 16, 632 3,694 100.0 11.8 20.2 20.8 31.5 12.8 2.8 NATIVE WHITE. Native parent- Foreign or mixed parentage 60,130 6,832 12,643 16, 210 21,925 9,654 2,776 100.0 9.9 18.3 22.0 31.7 14.0 4.0 74,625 8,626 14,613 16,389 22, 526 9,393 3,024 100.0 11.6 19.5 22.0 30.2 12.6 4.1 269,836 36,902 62,016 66,643 75,222 23,849 6,318 100.0 13.7 23.0 24.3 27.9 8.8 2.0 61,694 7,980 12, 193 14, 748 19,137 6,198 1,283 100.0 13.0 19.8 23.9 31.1 10.1 2.1 116,369 12,768 19,135 26,185 40,470 13,277 3,111 100.0 11.1 16.6 21.8 35.1 11.6 2.7 38,745 6,193 9,600 8,294 9,797 3,876 944 100.0 16.0 24.8 21.4 25.3 10.0 2.4 7,664 724 1,228 1,421 2,621 1,443 218 100.0 9.4 16.0 18.5 34.2 18.8 2.8 83,687 9,807 16,117 17,565 26,687 12,323 1,161 100.0 11.7 19.3 21.0 31.9 14.7 1.4 246,946 19,672 37,892 53,077 96,900 36, 733 2,613 100.0 8.0 15.3 21.5 39.2 14.9 1.0 93,398 9,952 20,664 27,602 27,418 7,292 434 100.0 10.7 22.1 29.6 29.4 7.8 0.5 153,781 16,180 26,032 34,859 59,824 16,347 1,318 100:0 9.9 16.9 22.7 38.9 10.6 0.9 55,431 8,832 14,910 13,073 14, 179 4,129 282 100.0 16.9 26.9 23.6 25.6 7.4 0.5 Foreign- bom white. 4,085 27 221 668 1,704 1,045 518 100.0 0.7 5.4 13.9 41.7 25.6 12.7 58,993 576 3,162 9,813 26,295 14,830 5,263 100.0 1.0 6.4 16.6 42.9 25.1 8.9 125,706 825 6,672 15,973 49,606 37,494 16,973 100.0 0.7 4.5 12.7 39.6 29.8 12.7 56,524 326 1,937 7,262 26,467 16,966 4,529 100.0 0.6 3.4 12.8 45.1 30.0 8.0 130,874 662 3,569 16,662 62,972 35,833 11,428 100.0 0.4 2.7 11.9 48.1 27.4 8.7 35,112 283 1,662 6,471 16,640 8,549 2,461 100.0 0.8 4.7 15.6 47.4 24.3 7.0 Negro. 46,733 4,019 7,726 11,221 16,420 6,163 1,038 100.0 8.6 16.5 24.0 36.1 13.2 2.2 879 68 109 179 370 161 12 100.0 6.6 12.4 20.4 42.1 17.2 1.4 43,960 2,685 6,268 8,654 19,715 6,376 1,252 100.0 6.1 12.0 19.5 44.8 14.5 2.8 3,144 164 289 609 1,681 430 70 100.0 5.2 9.2 16.2 53.6 13.7 2.2 1,642 101 126 302 797 244 64 100.0 6.2 7.7 18.4 48.5 14.9 567 37 88 113 246 77 7 100.0 6.5 16.6 19.9 43.2 13.6 1.2 CITY AND AGE PERIOD . Seattle, Wash. All ages, number. . . Under 6 years. 6 to 14 years 16 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 46 to 64 years 66 years and over. , All ages, per cent Under 6 years 5 to 14 years 16 to 24 years 26 to 44 years 46 to 64 years 66 years and over Spokane, Wash. AU ages, number Under 6 years 6 to 14 years 15 to 24 years 26 to 44 years 46 to 64 years 65 years and over All ages, per cent. . . Under 5 years 5 to 14 years 16 to 24 years 26 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over Syracuse, IT. Y. All ages, number. . . Under 5 years 5 to 14 years 15 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 66 years and over All ages, per cent.-. . Under 6 years , 6 to 14 years 15 to 24 years 26 to 44 years 46 to 64 years 65 years and over Toledo, Ohio. All ages, number. . Under 5 years 6 to 14 years 15 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 66 years and over All classes. AU ages, per cent Under 5 years 5 to 14 years 16 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 46 to 64 years 65 years and over Washington, D. C. AU ages, number Under 6 years 5 to 14 years 15 to 24 years 26 to 44 years 46 to 64 years 66 years and over AU ages, per cent Under 5 years 6 to 14 years 16 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over Worcester, Mass. AU ages, number Under 5 years 5 to 14 years 15 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over AU ages, per cent. Under 6 years 6 to 14 years 15 to 24 years 26 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over 237,194 17,043 29, 614 46, 142 99, 747 36,927 6,246 100.0 7.2 12.5 19.6 42.1 16.1 2.6 104,402 9,066 15, 104 20,685 40,620 16,724 2,745 100.0 8.7 14.6 19.8 38.9 15.1 2.6 137,249 11,882 21,398 27,005 47,096 23,466 6,248 100.0 8.7 15.6 19.7 34.3 17.1 4.6 168,497 16,891 29,014 33,147 66,543 27,086 6,767 100.0 9.4 17.2 19.7 33.6 16.1 4.0 331,069 26, 689 49,961 82,636 119,376 64,276 17,017 100.0 8.1 16.1 18.9 36.1 16.4 5.1 145,986 14,492 24,976 27,833 49, 181 23,095 6,285 100.0 9.9 17.1 19.1 33.7 15.8 4.3 NATIVE WHITE. Native parents Foreign or mixed 105,784 8,963 16,015 20,616 41,383 16, 108 3,037 100.0 8.6 14.2 19.4 39.1 14.3 2.9 54,574 6,895 9,113 11,098 19,323 7,332 1,484 100.0 10.8 16.7 20.3 36.4 13.4 2.7 68,408 5,960 10,273 12,314 18,250 8,779 2,741 100.0 10.2 17.6 21.1 31.2 16.0 4.7 75,147 8,834 14, 708 15,444 23,708 9,904 2,516 100.0 11.8 19.6 20.6 31.5 13.2 3.3 168,711 16,476 27,806 32, 078 65,676 26,962 9,128 100.0 9.3 16.7 19.2 33.4 16.6 5.5 41,421 4,363 7,190 7,154 11, 760 7, 738 3,149 100.0 10.5 17.4 17.3 28.4 18.7 7.6 61,134 7,230 12, 113 14, 675 20,343 8,141 589 100.0 11.8 19.8 24.0 33.3 10.0 1.0 27,277 2,912 5,160 6,373 9,663 2,991 260 100.0 10.7 18.9 23.4 35.0 11.0 1.0 46,912 6,837 9,602 9,334 14,926 6,846 541 100.0 12.0 20.5 19.9 31.8 14.6 1.2 59,383 6,778 12, 707 13,466 18,684 7,128 640 100.0 11.4 21.4 22.7 31.4 12.0 1.1 45, 066 3,746 6,739 7,639 17,222 8,268 1,484 100.0 8.3 16.0 16.7 38.2 18.3 3.3 64,751 9,705 15,422 12.041 13,160 4,137 273 100.0 17.7 28.2 22.0 24.0 7.6 0.5 Foreign- bom white. 60,835 447 2,135 8,767 32,694 13,968 2,683 100.0 0.7 3.5 14.4 63.7 22.9 4.2 21,220 213 767 2,972 11,066 5,151 986 100.0 1.0 3.6 14.0 62.1 24.3 4.6 30,781 218 1,375 5,173 13,433 7,617 2,927 100.0 0.7 4.5 16.8 43.6 24.7 9.5 32,037 164 1,377 3,900 13,333 9,716 3,533 100.0 0.6 4.3 12.2 41.6 30.3 11.0 24,351 139 982 2,893 10, 463 6,329 3,439 100.0 0.6 4.0 11.9 43.0 26.0 14.1 48,492 318 2,167 8,438 23,761 10,973 2,796 100.0 0.7 4.5 17.4 49.0 22.6 6.8 Negro. 2,296 99 165 354 1,306 271 31 100.0 4.3 7.2 15.4 66.9 11.8 1.4 723 37 64 118 388 101 11 100.0 6.1 8.9 16.3 53.7 14.0 1.5 1,124 66 146 179 478 209 100.0 5.9 13.0 16.9 42.5 18.6 3.4 1,877 114 217 342 814 319 100.0 6.1 11.6 18.2 43.4 17.0 3.6 94,446 7,290 14,403 19,953 35, 790 13,580 2,967 100.0 7.7 15.2 21.1 37.9 14.4 3.1 1,241 104 194 194 446 236 100.0 8.4 15.6 16.6 36.9 18.9 5.3 144 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. DISTRIBUTION BY AGE PERIODS OF THE POPULATION IN CITIES HAVING PROM 25,000 TO 100,000 INHABITANTS: 1910. Table 16 Alabama Mobile Montgomery Arkansas Little Rook CaUtomia Berkeley Pasadena Sacramento San Diego San Jqse Coloiado Colorado Springs Pueblo Connecticut Hartford Meriden town Meriden city New Britain Norwich town Stamford town Stamford city Waterbury Delaware Wilmington Florida Jacksonville Tampa Georgia Augusta Macon Savannah niinois Aurora Bloomington Danville Decatur East St. Louis Elgin Jouet Peoria Quincy Eockford Springfield Indiana EvansviUe Fort Wayne South Bend Terre Haute Cedar Eapids.. Clinton Council Bluffls. Davenport Des Moines Dubuque Sioux City Waterloo Kansas City. Topeka Wichita Kentucky Covington Lexington Newport Louisiana Shreveport. AGE PET?IODS. Under S years. Ualne Lewis ton.. Portland.. 4,635 3,373 4,107 3,236 2,039 3,080 2,689 2,266 2,125 4,321 9,665 3,039 «,sor 6,282 2,S74 3,045 S,768 8,385 4,843 4,523 3,508 3,875 6,008 2,612 2,057 2,497 2,744 6,062 1,909 ■3,738 5,338 2,838 3,828 4,755 6,160 5,441 6,320 6,052 2,894 2,140 2,736 3,634 7,850 3,191 4,019 2,547 8,264 3,738 4,455 4,851 2,604 2,740 2,646 2,669 4,811 5 to 14 years. 9,129 6,729 7,294 5,939 4,109 5,376 5,288 4,179 4,634 7,250 16,535 5,965 S,01i 8,007 4,972 5,010 13,674 14,753 7,026 6,860 7,511 11,168 4,878 3,992 4,963 5,288 9,801 4,066 6,169 10,248 5,831 7,464 8,920 11,654 10,943 9,514 9,923 6,278 4,325 5,236 7,163 14,236 6,553 7,757 4,196 14,760 6,717 8,188 9,185 5,267 5,230 4,966 4,908 8,710 Uto24 years. 10,543 7,986 10,138 8,082 4,863 8,540 6,724 5,260 5,334 8,218 18,610 6,266 S,SBO 9,425 5,291 5,427 4,832 14,853 17,388 12,692 8,239 9,006 8,905 13,880 5,981 5,144 5,335 6,160 12,432 4,989 7,126 13,272 7,426 9,384 9,834 14,462 13,379 10,887 11,667 6,743 5,345 5,997 8,310 17,308 7,812 10,708 5,806 17,018 9,443 11,369 11,090 6,880 6,149 6,040 5,418 10,604 25toM years. 17,982 12,863 16,740 13,810 9,965 18, 193 12,917 9,680 10,198 16,641 34,996 9,670 S,SBS 14, 697 8,610 9,463 8,28i 25,000 28,673 22, 673 13,097 14,340 13,371 23,939 9,510 8,160 9,222 10,011 21,761 8,341 11,648 24,072 11,397 14,844 17,367 22,988 21,211 17,533 19,774 11,041 7,795 9,297 14,200 29,477 12,226 16,707 27,133 13,768 17,586 17, 181 12,237 10,070 10,238 7,627 19,714 45 to 64 years. 7,174 6,814 6,226 7,364 6,700 7,578 8,503 5,691 5,429 6,532 15,105 5,421 i,S63 6,171 4,988 4,649 3,840 14,235 6,829 4,113 6,843 5,318 8,274 4,736 4,520 5,320 7,160 5,146 4,740 10,979 6,644 7,516 8,264 11,469 10,269 7,636 9,345 5,407 4,429 4,701 7,318 13,584 6,573 7,019 3,840 12,048 7,693 8,386 8,718 6,390 4,847 3,403 4,424 10,906 65 years and over. 1,810 1,291 1,344 1,980 2,533 1,874 3,088 1,939 1,228 1,146 4,012 1,679 l,S7e 1,285 1,767 1,218 917 1,872 3,625 1,371 681 1,395 1,242 1,686 1,568 1,609 1,315 1,647 1,256 1,433 1,220 2,925 2,400 2,323 2,452 2,878 2,668 1,754 2,310 1,414 1,530 1,277 2,375 3,681 2,124 1,538 1,129 2,682 2,575 2,348 2,217 1,783 1,259 1,232 3,681 Massachusetts Brockton Brookline town . Chelsea Chieopee Everett Fitchburg Haverhill. Holyoke Lawrence Lynn Maiden New Bedford.... Newton Pittsfleld Quincy Salem Somerville Springfield Taunton Waltham Ulchlgan Battle Creek Bay City Flint. Jackson Kalamazoo Lansing Saginaw Minnesota Duluth., Jopliu. St. Joiieph.. Springfield. Montana Butte. Nebraska Lincoln South Omaha. STew Hampshire Majichester.. Nashua New Jersey Atlantic City Bayonne. Camden East Orange , Elizabeth Hoboken Orange. , Passaic Perth Amboy Trenton West Hoboken town. New York Amsterdam Auburn Binghamton Elmira. Jamestown Kingston Mount Vernon New Rochelle Newburgh Niagara Falls Pougbkeepsie Schenectady Troy Utioa Watertown Yonkers AGE PERIODS. Under 6 years. 5,342 1,709 3,664 3,371 3,474 4,105 4,062 6,002 9,317 8,195 4,484 10,700 3,460 3,067 3,502 4,726 7,433 8,292 3,522 2,234 2,027 5,020 3,450 2,541 3,440 2,686 4,706 7,486 3,424 6,454 3,448 3,439 4,317 3,165 2,611 3.708 7.755 9,971 2,705 8,087 7,140 3,301 7,317 4,668 9,959 3,750 3,258 2,962 3,691 2,644 2,756 2,119 3,064 3,121 2,173 3,279 2,313 7,859 5,839 7,070 2,295 8,978 5 to 14 years. 9,213 3,693 6,008 5,028 6,256 6,962 7,192 11,488 14,982 13,356 8,319 17,160 6,649 5,189 6,246 7,913 12,887 14,135 5,915 4,553 3,506 9,027 4,849 4, 624 6,678 4,511 8,481 13,081 6,908 12,253 6,259 5,902 6,730 5,234 12,663 4,549 6,721 11,842 16,930 5,158 13,773 13,415 5,529 9,742 6,445 16,864 7,157 4,635 4,691 6,679 5,283 4,924 4,430 6,675 5,198 4,622 4,853 4,194 12,122 11,962 12,093 4,037 15,029 15 to 24 years. 10,938 5.004 6) 260 6,223 6,022 7,734 8,129 12,618 17,952 17,032 7,947 19,686 7,262 6,204 5,898 8,245 12,866 16,822 6,339 5,446 4,869 9,241 9,681 5,815 7,864 7,088 10,343 16,811 6,374 16,398 7,678 6,918 9,417 5,514 15,475 5,492 8,330 11,1.'J0 18, 205 6,185 14,440 13,978 5,677 14,264 6,577 19,942 6,873 7,207 6,712 8,948 8,051 6,341 5,236 6,730 5,780 5,246 6,130 6,162 13,545 15,031 14,675 4,892 16,562 25 to 44 years. 19,648 10,277 10,320 7,932 10,796 11,717 14,304 17.970 29,107 31,385 14,067 31,416 13,137 11,144 10,625 13,460 26,469 31,148 10,695 9,304 12,676 13,969 10,868 12,989 10,752 16,677 28,871 10,675 26,928 10.931 17,030 14,275 8,649 21,444 7,960 18,675 17,681 30,227 12,490 24, 608 23,926 9,624 17, 361 10, 424 31,806 11,740 10,343 12,041 16,256 11,907 10,247 7,805 10,218 10, 064 9,058 11,245 9,132 27,569 26,684 24,442 9,081 20,928 45 to 64 years. 9,513 5,448 4,610 2,996 6,613 5,669 7,822 7,790 11,820 15,140 7,442 13,963 6,954 5,095 5,074 6,951 13,611 14,162 5,843 4,830 4,678 7,238 5,306 5,873 7,027 4,900 8,647 10,378 4,623 12,046 5,353 5,086 7,130 3,177 10,758 4,183 7,179 5,976 15,296 6,998 9,607 9,856 4,447 6,063 3,424 14,744 4,932 4,565 6,243 9,772 7,082 5,279 4,812 4,933 3,826 5,058 4,053 6,274 9,611 14,272 12,349 4,848 10,087 66 years and over. 2,282 1,601 1,688 808 1,419 1,592 2,588 1,812 2,691 4,131 2,132 3,703 2,277 1,421 1,289 2,328 3,947 4,289 1,925 1,445 1,262 2,050 1,289 1,684 2,121 1,366 2,591 1,029 3,201 1,388 628 1,880 2,817 1,287 1,429 1,117 3,773 1,750 2,252 1,923 1,016 982 562 3,461 1,246 2,012 3,033 2,170 1,683 1,435 1,276 877 1,621 848 1,834 2,150 4,007 3,708 1,511 2,186 AGE DISTRIBUTION. 145 DISTRIBUTION BY AGE PERIODS OF THE POPULATION IN CITIES HAVING FROM 25,000 TO 100,000 INHABITANTS: 1910— Continued. Table 16— Continued. AGE PEBIODS. Under 5 years. 5 to 14 years. 15 to 24 years. 26 to 44 years. 45 to 64 years. years and over. AGE PEKIOD3. Under 5 5 to 14 years. 15 to 24 years. 25 to 44 45 to 64 65 years and over KoTth Carolina Charlotte Wilmington Ohio Akron Canton Hamilton Lima Lorain Newark Springfield y oungstown Zanesville Oklahoma Oklahoma City Pennsylvania Allentown Altoona Chester Easton Erie Harrisburg Hazleton Johnstown Lancaster McKeesport New Castle Norristown borough . . Beading. Shenandoah borough . Wilkes-Barre Williamsport York Rhode Island Newport Pawtucket Warwick town. . Woonsocket Sonth Carolina 3,981 2,827 0,758 4,589 3,436 2,885 3,892 2,136 3,975 8,873 2,463 2,358 5,671 5,455 5,705 3,707 2,471 7,263 5,554 3,248 6,810 4.233 6,298 4,184 2,360 9,543 3,925 7,755 2,722 4,315 2,235 4,874 2,786 4,277 6,702 4,745 10,393 8,026 6,317 5,356 5,304 4,112 7,516 13,078 4,306 4,207 9,356 8,779 9,528 6,616 4,552 12,392 10,054 5,770 9,767 7,933 8,820 6,298 4,182 16,566 5,6.52 13, 473 5,384 7,848 4,043 9,524 5,296 7,789 7,706 5,375 15,164 10,379 6,980 6,218 6,490 4,898 9,260 16,629 5,333 5,435 14,419 10,574 10,314 7,776 5,455 12,520 12,411 5,181 12,284 9,114 8.947 7; 193 5,131 18,957 5,277 14,065 6,210 6,762 10,149 6,185 8.426 10,532 7,936 24, 198 17,468 11.430 10,089 10,598 8,702 15,011 29,257 9,290 9,552 25,263 16,625 17,185 12,947 9,196 21,201 22,461 7,172 18,675 14,465 13,614 12,504 8,864 31,020 8,139 20,901 9,908 14,122 16,738 7,867 11,300 4,120 3,600 10,135 7,727 6,493 4,786 3,109 4,355 8,696 9,187 6,002 3,043 7,961 8,184 7,494 6,912 5,211 9,974 10,775 3,334 6,493 8,776 6,077 4,884 6,563 15,799 2,351 8,895 5,903 7,423 4,257 8,198 4,225 5,112 872 2,353 1,960 1,608 1,137 484 1,176 2,337 1,874 1,698 2,259 1,856 1,532 1,636 2,992 2,892 726 1,410 2,696 920 1,179 1,740 4,169 388 1,958 1,694 2,201 1,321 2,065 1,261 1,203 Charleston . Columbia . . Chattanooga . KnoxviUe Texas Austin Dallas El Paso Eort Worth Galveston Houston San Antonio Waco Utah Ogden Salt Lake City Virginia Lynchburg... Norfolk Portsmouth. . Eoanoke Washington Tacoma West Virginia Himtingten Wheeling Wisconsin Green Bay Lacrosse Madison Oshkosh Racine Sheboygan Superior 5,666 2,570 3,937 3,187 2,607 8,048 4,445 6,960 3,232 6,781 9.977 2,662 3,068 10,461 3,095 6,198 3,343 3,865 7,094 3,302 3,868 2,965 2,658 2,248 3,343 3,786 2,883 4,362 10,756 4,600 7,154 6,251 5,667 15,321 7,700 12,788 6 299 13, 167 18,681 5,343 5,133 16,976 5,327 11,235 6,857 6,706 12,686 6,068 7,047 5,193 6,547 3,945 6,226 6,657 5,176 7,668 12,698 6,962 10,146 8,646 6,368 20,368 7,588 16,164 7,461 17,348 20,620 6,788 6,299 18,880 7,012 .14, 459 7,862 7,967 16,533 6,962 8.290 6,668 6,670 8,013 5,680 7,810 19,441 8,969 16,244 11,986 8,942 33,610 13,536 26,640 13,433 28,647 30,896 8,141 7,741 30,306 24,495 10,996 11,281 30,111 9,882 14,053 7,710 9,012 8,472 9,539 12,337 7,639 15,111 7,987 3,236 6,670 4,989 4,543 12,125 4,753 • 8,848 5,290 10, 414 12,889 3,445 3.534 12,632 3,997 9,024 4,204 4,082 13,008 4,090 6,720 3,224 4,940 4,066 5,424 6,656 4,093 4,765 2,042 743 1,235 1,066 1,646 2,519 886 1,566 1,234 2,113 3,247 767 3,022 993 1,978 918 2,619 834 1,102 1,543 1,216 1,847 1,619 1,100 632 72497°— 13 10 146 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. MARITAL CONDITION. UNITED STATES AS A WHOLE. In the census statistics of marital condition, the terms "married," "widowed," or "divorced" refer to the marital status of the person enumerated at the time when the census was taken, so that a person, for instance, who had been widowed or divorced but had remarried would be reported as married. Table 17 shows, by sex, the marital condition of the total population of the United States (exclusive of all outlying possessions) as reported at the census of 1910. Table 17 POPULATION OP ALL AGES: 1910 MAEITAL CONDITION. Male. Female. Number. Per cent of total. Number. Per cent of total. Total 47,332,277 27,465,607 19,721,146 18,093,498 1,471,472 156, 176 155,524 100.0 58.0 41.7 38.2 3.1 0.3 0.3 44,639,989 23,522,121 21,049,696 17,688,169 3,176,426 185, 101 68, 172 100.0 Single. ■- 62.7 Married, widowed, or divorced Married... 47.2 39.6 Widowed 7.1 Divorced 0.4 Marital condition not reported 0.2 Of the total number of males of all ages in 1910, 58 per cent were single, 38.2 per cent married, and 3.4 per cent widowed or divorced, the corresponding percentages for females being 52.7, 39.6, and 7.5. The number of persons under 15 years of age who are married, widowed, or divorced is naturally in- significant, comprising in 1910 only 994 males and 3,713 females. Statistics of marital condition are, therefore, usually confined to persons 15 years of age and over. Table 18 summarizes the data for persons of this class. Table 18 population 15 tears of age and ovek: 1910 MABITAL CONDITION. Male. Female. Number. Per cent of total. Number. Per cent of total. Total 32,425,805 12,550,129 19,720,152 18,092,600 1,471,390 166, 162 155,624 100.0 38.7 60.8 65.8 4.5 0.5 0.5 30,047,326 8,933,170 21,045,983 17,684,687 3,176,228 185,068 68, 172 100.0 29.7 Married , widowed , or divorced 70.0 58.9 Widowed 10.6 0.6 Marital condition not reported 0.2 There were, in 1910, 32,425,805 males 15 years of age and over and 30,047,325 females, an excess of 2,378,480 males. The number of males to 100 females was 107.9. This excess of males in the adult population of the United States has a most important bearing upon the statistics of marital condition. It accounts ia part for the fact that there were 12,550,129 single men, as compared with 8,933,170 single women, or 3,616,959 more of the former than of the latter. But a further explanation of this dispropor- tion is found in the fact that women marry at an earher age; in other words, men remain single longer than women, therefore there are more single men at any given time. ' Other things being the same, the proportion of the total population who marry will be greater in a com- munity where the sexes are numerically equal than in one where either sex outnumbers the other. In the latter case it is obvious that a certain number of per- sons of the sex which is in excess must remain sin- gle. Considering one sex alone, however, it is obvious that the probability of marriage will increase in pro- portion as that sex falls below a numerical equality with the other sex and decrease in proportion as it exceeds the other. Probably remarriage is more common among men than among women, and this may explain in part the great excess of widows over widowers. But without doubt the excess is largely due to the fact that men usually marry at a later age than women, so that the marriage relation is more often broken by death of the husband than by death of the wife. In other words, the excess of single men over single women has as a natural correlative an excess of widows over widowers. It will be noted that in the population 15 years of age and over, there were, in 1910, 407,913 more married men than married women (18,092,600 as compared with 17,684,687), a condition largely ex- plainable by the presence in the United States of foreign-born married men who left their wives in their native countries. The total number of men 15 years of age and over who in 1910 had been married (that is, the married, widowed, or divorced together) was 19,720,152, or considerably less than the number of the corresponding class of women, 21,045,983. Marked differences appear between the percentages for males and for females, as shown by Table 18. Of the males, 60.8 per cent were either married, widowed, or divorced, while for the females the proportion was much higher, 70 per cent. Although there were, in absolute numbers, more married men than married women, the percentage married for males (55.8), be- ing based on a larger total, was materially lower than that for females (58.9). The percentages widowed for males and for females were 4.5 and 10.6, respectively. The proportions reported as divorced were 0.5 per cent for males and 0.6 per cent for females. The number of divorced persons reported by the census, of course, falls short of the number of hving persons who have been divorced, as many divorced persons have remarried, and the census, as previously pointed out, reports simply the marital condition of the population at the date of the enumeration. At MARITAL CONDITION. 147 the same time it seems practically certain that the census returns as to the number of divorced persons not remarried are below the true total, some divorced persons having been reported as single, some as mar- ried, and some as widowed. It will be noted that there were a limited number of persons whose marital condition was not reported by the enumerators. The number and percentage of such persons are not separately shown in the later tables, as they constitute only 0.2 per cent of the aggregate population. They are in all cases included in the totals on which the percentages single, mar- ried, widowed, or divorced are based, but the per- centages would not be appreciably different if based exclusively upon the number of persons whose marital condition was reported. Age groups. — No satisfactory analysis of statistics of marital condition can be made without considering age composition. Aside from differences in the relative number of men and women in the population, the proportion which the number of persons who are or have been married forms of the total number of adults depends on three factors: (1) the age at which mar- riages take place; (2) the duration of life; and (3) the number who permanently remain single. Ordinarily the first factor has greater weight than the others in causing the differences which appear in the statistics for different classes or communities. Of course, in all cases the combined proportion of married, widowed, or divorced persons is lower among young than among older persons. Consequently differences be- tween classes or communities as to the proportion married, widowed, and divorced in the total number of adults may result merely from differences in age distribution and may not appear when comparisons are confined to limited age groups. Table 19 shows, for 1910, the marital condition of the total population 15 years of age and over, classified by sex and age. The percentages are shown in the accompanying diagram. This table shows a rapid increase in the combined percentage of married, widowed, or divorced persons with each older age group. For males, for example, only 1.2 per cent in the age group 15 to 19 years were married, widowed, or divorced, as compared with 24.6 per cent in the age group 20 to 24 years, 64.7 per cent in the age group 25 to 34 years, and 93.5 per cent in the group 65 years of age and over. This table brings out clearly the prevailing difference between men and women as to the age of marriage. In the age group 15 to 19 years the proportion married, widowed, or divorced in 1910 was for males 1.2 per cent and for females 11.6 per cent. In the age group 20 to 24 years the percentages were 24.6 for males and 51.4 for females. In the succeeding age groups the proportions for the sexes rapidly approach equahty, and for persons of 65 and over the percentage of males married, widowed, or divorced (93.5) was slightly higher than the percentage of females (93.4). Table 19 population: 1910 AGE PERIOD AND SEX. Total.i Single. Married, widowed, or divorced. Total. Married. Wid- Di- owed. vorced. Number. 15yeaisaiidovei:> Male 32,425,805 30,047,326 12,560,129 S, 933, 170 19,720,162 21,046,983 18,092,600 17,684,687 1,471,390 3,176,228 156,162 186,068 Female 15 to 19 years: Male 4,527,282 4,536,321 4,580,290 4,476,694 7,901,116 7,251,072 6,153,366 5,504,321 7,163,332 6,260,757 1,985,976 1,963,548 4,448,067 3,985,764 3,432,161 2,163,683 2,767,957 1, 516, 726 1,026,502 628,516 722,701 499,564 123,322 124,223 53,334 527,150 1,125,640 2,301,086 5,109,771 5,725,483 5,114,542 4,871,475 6,428,449 5,766,469 1,855,901 1,834,796 51,877 513,239 1,100,093 2,225,362 4,964,769 5,443,894 4,873,153 4,410,310 5,771,630 4,383,497 1,303,768 687,335 1,110 10,261 18,815 55,354 110,431 224,327 198,701 411,896 598,642 1,324,838 539,058 1,140,558 347 Female 20 to 24 years: Male 3,650 6,732 Female 25 to 34 years: Male 20,370 34,571 Female 35 to 44 years: Male 57,262 42,688 Female 45 to 64 years: Male 49,269 58, 17-7 Female 65 years and over: Male . ... 47,134 13,075 6,903 Female Per cent. 16 years and over: Male 100.0 100.0 38.7 29.7 60.8 70.0 66.8 68.9 4.6 10.6 0.5 Female 0.6 15 to 19 years: Male 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 98.3 87.9 74.9 48.3 35.0 20.9 16.7 11.4 10.1 8.0 6.2 6.3 1.2 11.6 24.6 51.4 64.7 79.0 83.1 88.6 89.7 91.9 93.5 93.4 1.1 11.3 f^ 62.8 75.1 79.2 80.1 80.6 70.0 65.6 35.0 ^^ 0.4 1.2 1.4 3.1 3.2 7.5 8.4 21.2 27.1 58.1 0.1 Female 20 to 24 years: Male Female 25 to 34 years: Male 0.5 0.4 Female 35 to 44 years: Male 0.8 0.7 Female 45 to 64 years: Male 0.9 0.8 Female 65 years and over: Male 0.8 0.7 Female 0.4 1 Total Includes persons whose marital condition was not reported. 2 Includes persons of unknown age. " Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. MARITAL CONDITION OF THE POPULATION: 1910. SINGLE MARRIED I WIDOV/ED OR DIVORCED 148 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. The dififerences between the absolute numbers of males and of females, respectively, in the several mari- tal condition classes in the various age groups, as shown by Table 19, are conspicuous. In each of the age groups, except that comprising persons 65 years of age and over, the number of single men ia 1910 greatly exceeded the number of single women. On the other hand, ia the groups comprising persons from 15 to 34 years of age, the number of married females materially exceeded the number of married males, but the' oppo- site was the case in the groups comprising persons 35 years of age and over. In every age group the widows greatly outnumbered the widowers. The relation between the number of males and females in the different classes is brought out more clearly in Table 20, which shows, by age groups, the number of males to 100 females in the total popula- tion and among single and married, widowed, or divorced persons, respectively. Table 20 AGE PEEIOD. 15 years and over 16 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 26 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over NCMBEK OF MALES PEE 100 FEMALES. Total. 107.9 99.8 102.3 109.0 111.8 114.4 101.1 Single. Married, widowed, or divorced. 140.6 93.7 111.6 10.1 158.6 48.9 182.6 89.2 163.3 105.0 144.7 111.7 99.3 101.2 Table 21 shows the marital condition of the popu- lation above specified age limits. Table 31 POPULATION 15 TEARS OF AGE AND OVER: 1 1910 Number. Per cent. AOE PERIOD AND SEX. Total.2 Single. Married, widowed, or divorced. Single. Mar- ried, wid- owed, or di- vorced. 15 years and over: Male • - 32,311,362 29,992,713 27,784,080 25,456,392 23,203,790 20, 979, 698 15,302,674 13,728,626 9,149,308 8,224,305 1,986,976 1,963,548 12,520,710 8,918,476 8,072,643 4,932,712 4, 640, 482 2,769,029 1,872,626 1,252,303 846,023 623,787 123,322 124,223 19,687,637 21,015,459 19,634,303 20,488,309 18,508,663 18,187,223 13,398,892 12,461,740 8,284,360 7,590,265 1,856,901 1,834,796 38.8 29.7 29.1 19.4 20.0 13.2 12.2 9.1 9.2 7.6 6.2 6.3 60.9 Female 70.1 20 years and over: Male 70.7 80.6 25 years and over: Male 79.8 Female 86.7 36 years and over: Male 87.6 90.8 45 years and over: Male ... 90.5 92.3 65 years and over: Male 93.5 Female 93.4 1 Exclusive of persons of unknown age. 2 Includes persons whose marital condition was not reported. Color or race, nativity, and parentage. — Table 23 shows for 1910 statistics of marital condition for each color or race, nativity, and parentage group, giving a further classification according to a,ge groups in the case of the more important elements in the population; it shows also the principal comparative figures for 1900. Table 22, which is derived from Table 23, sum- marizes the statistics for the white population, classi- fied by nativity and parentage, and for the negroes. » Table 82 POPTTLAHON 15 TEARS OF AGE AND OVER: 1910 CLASS OF POPULATION TotaL» Single. Married, widowed, or divorced. AND SEX. Total. Married. Wid- owed. Di- vorced. Number. Total: Male 32,425,805 30,047,325 12,550,129 8,933,170 19,720,152 21,046,983 18,092,600 17,684,687 1,471,390 3,176,228 156,162 Female 185,068 Nat. wUte-Nat. parentage: Male.. 16,233,096 16,523,900 6,786,137 5,887,131 7,139.893 5,446,306 3,059,312 3,103,344 6,185,324 4,644,122 2,906,042 2,453,017 2,268,916 994,110 1,083,472 823,996 9,960,438 10,842,998 .2,863,173 3,421,147 4,839,920 4,444,657 1,969,344 2,269,066 9,144,099 9,219,385 2,677,706 3,008,623 4,432,135 3,624.003 1,749.228 1,775,949 728,883 1,623,560 160,779 382,318 384,726 800,112 189,970 459,831 87,466 Female Nat. white— For. or mixed par.: Male.... 100,063 24,688 Female For.-bom white: Male 30,206 23,059 Female Negro: Male 20,642 .20,146 Female 33,286 Per cent. Total: Male Female 100.0 100.0 38.7 29.7 60.8 70.0 55.8 68.9 4.6 10.6 0.8 0.6 Nat. white— Nat. parentage: Male 100.0 100. Q, 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 38.1 29.9 50.2 41.7 31.8 18.3 36.4 26.6 61.4 69.8 49.5 68.1 67.8 81.6 64.0 73.1 56.3 69.4 46.3 61.1 62.1 66.5 67.2 67.2 4.6 9.8 2.8 6.6 5.4 14.7 6.2 14.8 o.s Female Nat. white— For. or mixed par.: Male. 0.6 0.4 Female For. -bom white: Male 0.5 0.3 Female Negro: Male 0.4 0.7 Female 1.1 • Includes persons whose marital condition was not reported. This table shows that the excess of males in the total population 15 years of age and over is chiefly due to the marked excess of males among the foreign-bom whites, although there is an appreciable excess of males also among the native whites of native parent- age. For this and other reasons the distribution of the foreign-born whites with respect to marital con- dition differs materially from that of the other classes. This table of course gives no direct information with regard to intermarriage among the three groups of white persons, but, beyond question, the three classes, native whites of native parentage, native whites of foreign or mixed parentage, and foreign-born whites, intermarry more or less; consequently there is not necessarily an equality between the number of married males and the number of married females within any one group. • The limited number of Indians, Chinese, and Japanese, and "other" persons may be passed over without discussion further than to point out that the marital condition among the Indians corre- sponds approximately to that among the negroes, while that among the Chinese and Japanese in this country is quite exceptional, the combined proportion married, widowed, or divorced among these races being very low in the case of males and very high in the case of females. Most of the married Chinese and Japanese men, how- ever, have left their wives in their home countries, and the total number of women of these races in the United States is exceed- ingly small. MARITAL CONDITION. MARITAL CONDITION OF THE POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES : 1910. [Per cent not shown where base is less than 100.] 149 Table 23 CLASS OF POPULATION AND AGE PEKIOD. ALL CLASSES: 1910. All ages 16 years and over. 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 4S to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over Age unknown ALL CLASSES: All ages 16 years and over. 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over Age unknown WHITE. All ages, 1910 16 years and over, 1910. . 1900.. 1910 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 66 years and over Age unknown NEGRO. All ages, 1910 15 years and over, 1910. . 1900.. 1910 16 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 34 years ' 35 ta44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over Age unknown INDIAN. 16 years and over, 1910 CHINESE. 16 years and over, 1910 JAPANESE. 15 years and over, 1910 ALL OTHER RACES. 16 years and over, 1910 NATIVE WHITE— N A TIVE PARENTAGE. AUagerflWlO 16 years and over, 1910. . 1900.... 1910 IS to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over Age unknown NATIVE WHITE— FOR- EIGN OR MIXED PAR. All ages, 1910 16 years and over, 1910. . . 1900.... 1910 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over Age unknown FOREIGN-BORN WHITE. All ages, 1910 16 years and over, 1910. 1900. 1910 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over Age unknown MALES 16 TEARS OF AGE AND OVEB. Total.i 47, 332, 277 32,426,806 4,527,282 4,680,290 4,244,348 3,656,768 6, 153, 366 4,488, — 2, 674, 403 1,985,976 114,443 38,816,448 26,620,399 3,750, 3,624; 3,323, 2,901, 4,872, 3,402, 2,062, 1,655, 127, 42, 178, 246 29, 158, 126 22,808,628 3,999,143 4,070,955 7,089,'" 5,561,221 6,518,282 1,825,019 94, 112 1, 885, 881 3, 059, 312 2,633,008 507,945 482, 157 763,968 550, 130 595,554 152, 482 17,076 80,383 (4,394 60, 536 3,066 25,229,218 16,233,096 13,088,068 2,552,528 2,332,914 3,788,166 2,854,044 3,647,325 1,089,349 68,769 9,426,239 5, 786, 137 4,463,211 1,094,861 914,121 1,421,983 1,143,651 1,076,222 128,662 5,637 7,623,788 7, 139, 893 5,257,369 351,754 823,920 1,879,244 1,563,626 1,894,735 607,008 19,706 Single. Number. 27,466, 12,660, 4,448, 3,432, 1, 816, 951, 1, 026, 499, 222, 123, 29, 23,492,923 10,297,940 3,706,382 2, 812, 113 1,520,782 800, 664 826, 201 349, 429 156,823 89, 152 36,394 24,379,668 11,360,282 9,173,430 3,936,550 3,122,440 2,545,440 944,724 670,486 115,719 24,923 2,909,902 1,083,472 1,033,285 492, 153 287,994 189, 196 67,203 36,661 6,286 27,391 34,330 42, 688 1,986 16,180,989 6, 186, 324 5,195,263 2,504,473 1,691,385 1,181,751 415, 192 315,401 61,042 16,080 6,645,960 2,906,042 2,432,374 1,085,405 769,574 624,710 259,678 152,684 11,448 2,543 2, 652, 619 2, 268, 916 1,545,793 346,672 661,481 738,979 269,854 202,401 43,229 6,300 Per cent. 58.0 38.7 98.3 74.9 42.8 26.0 16.7 11.1 8.3 6.2 25.7 60.6 40.2 98.8 77.6 45.8 27.6 17.0 10.3 7.6 5.7 Married. Number. 093, 092, 51, 100, 353, 611 873, 658, 112, 303 27, 67.8 39.0 40.2 98.4 76.7 35.9 17.0 10.3 6.3 26.5 69. 36.4 39.2 96.8 59.7 25.1 12.2 6.2 4.1 23.3 34.1 53.3 70.6 64.4 60.2 38.1 39.7 98.1 72.5 31.2 14.5 8.9 5.6 23.4 60.2 54.5 84.2 43.9 22.7 14.2 8.9 45.1 36.3 31. 29.4 80.3 39.3 17.3 10.7 7.1 32.0 13,966,314 13,956,660 37, 781 782,907 1, 746, 620 2,025,729 3,840,575 2,797,354 1, 644, 373 1, 044, 051 36,260 16, 264, 696 16, 263, 940 12,455,858 40',304 913,059 4,414,772 4,407,687 5,263.730 1,195,982 18,406 1,749,359 1,749,228 1,422,886 11,064 182, 110 527, 149 439,901 477,712 102,670 46, 164 26,449 16, 918 911 9,144,613 9,144,099 7,193,922 33,818 618,300 2,524,551 2,319,342 2,902,649 733,401 12,038 2, 677, 885 2, 677, 706 1,906,380 3,635 138,537 774,476 842,217 833,601 83,384 1,856 4,432,298 4,432,135 3,355,556 2,851 156,222 1,115,745 1,246,128 1,527,480 379, 197 4,512 Per cent, 38.2 66.8 1.1 24.0 55.5 71.4 79.2 81.5 79.0 65 23.9 36.0 64.6 1.0 21 62.5 69.8 78.8 82.2 79.7 67, 38.6 66.7 54.6 1.0 22.4 62.3 79.3 80.8 65.5 19.6 35.8 67.2 54.0 2.2 37.8 69.9 80.0 80.2 67.3 50.6 67.4 41.1 29.8 36.2 66.3 55.0 1.3 26.6 66.6 81.3 81.8 67.3 17.5 28.4 46.3 42.7 0.3 15.2 54.5 73.6 77.6 64.8 32.9 58.9 62.1 0.8 19.0 59.4 79.7 80.6 62.6 22, Widowed. Num- ber. 1,471,472 1,471,390 1,110 18,815 45,092 66,339 198, 701 286,222 312, 420 639, 068 4, 1,178,008 1,177,976 871 14,332 38, 781 58,312 174, 535 230,656 245,424 410,665 4,500 1,274,464 1,274,388 1,020,387 680 11,506 81,329 161,346 520,931 495,282 3,314 189,976 189, 970 151,233 416 7,160 28,261 36,144 74,809 41,891 1» 5,319 1,139 495 79 728, 920 728, 883 687,894 528 8,870 52,784 91,123 290,516 282,857 2,205 160, 789 180, 779 106,055 92 1,387 14,301 32,328 79,808 32,543 320 384, 765 384, 726 326,438 60 1,249 14,244 37,895 150,607 179,882 789 Per cent. 3.1 4.6 (.') 0.4 1.1 1.8 3.2 6.4 11.7 27.1 4.0 3.0 4.6 (.') 0.4 1.2 2.0 3.6 6.8 11.9 26.4 3.5 Di- vorced. 166,176 166,162 347 6,732 15,603 19,068 42,688 36,602 21,675 13,075 572 84,237 84,230 194 3,322 8,218 10,307 22,630 19, 498 12, 297 7,355 409 3.0 4.4 4.6 (.') 0.3 1.1 2.9 8.0 27.1 3.5 3.9 6.2 6.7 0.1 1.5 3.7 6.6 12.6 27.5 7.5 1.8 2.6 2.9 4.6 4.6 0.4 1.4 3.2 8.2 26.0 3.2 1.7 2.8 2.4 P) 0.2 1.0 2. 7.4 25.3 5.7 6.1 6.4 6.2 m 0.2 0.8 2.4 7.9 29.6 4.0 135, 216 136, 203 72,76] 230 4,856 27,920 37,007 52,716 12,019 455 20,148 20, 146 11,026 104 1, 6,408 5,458 5,254 999 114 679 46 87,463 87,466 47,993 178 3,763 19,383 23,312 32, 826 7,653 341 24,693 24,688 11,422 34 735 5,590 8,108 9,088 1,087 46 23,069 23,069 13,346 18 358 2,947 5,587 10,802 3,279 68 FEMALES 15 TEARS OF AGE AND OVEB. Total.i 44,639,989 30,047,326 4,536,321 4,476,694 3,938,655 3,316,417 6,504,321 3,881,069 2,379,698 1,963,648 64, 612 37, 178, 127 24,249,191 3,805,638 3,710,436 3,205,898 2,654,718 4,339,166 2,994,983 1,940,111 1,625,080 73,161 39, 653, 712 26,867,337 21,483,052 3,969,248 3,915,456 6,435,019 4,950,896 6,731,622 1,814,984 40, 112 4,941,882 3,103,344 2,690,583 552,471 548,638 795,348 638,732 512,549 141,642 13,964 76,982 2,966 6,648 59 24, 269, 367 16, 623, 900 12,561,813 2,636,527 2,350,008 3,662,509 2,641,722 3,192,675 1,111,719 28,740 9,472,698 6. 887. 131 4,475,907 1,110,714 958,987 1,483,343 1. 161. 132 1,041,164 126,924 4,867 6,821,757 6,446,306 4,445,332 322,007 606,461 1,289,167 1,148,042 1,497,783 576,341 6,605 Single. Number. 23,622,121 8,933,170 3,986,764 2, 163, 683 681,656 535, 170 628,516 331,573 167,991 124,223 14,694 20,491, 7,566, 3,374, 1,913, 882, 441, 481, 234, 128, 90, 17, 20, 784, 712 8,091,249 6,747,306 3,525,988 1,968,679 1,399,106 589,925 476,67' 118,826 12,047 2, 661, 778 823,996 803,683 448,615 191,396 116,682 38, 105 22,483 5,243 2,672 16,324 13 13,377,267 4, 644, 122 3,893,417 2,199,856 1,094,534 713, 194 284,455 261,807 82, 137 8,139 6,038,162 2,453,017 1,985,289 1,048,291 601,967 454. 177 207,030 128,510 10,899 2,143 1,369,303 994, 110 868,600 277,841 272. 178 231,734 98,440 86,362 26,790 1,765 Per 62.7 29.7 87.9 48.3 24.9 16.1 11.4 8.6 7.1 66.1 31.2 88.7 51.6 27.5 16.6 11, 7.8 6.6 6.0 24.6 52.6 30.1 31.4 50.3 21.7 11.9 8.3 6.6 30.0 63.9 26, 29.9 81.2 34.9 14.5 7.1 4.4 3.7 18.4 21.2 23.0 13.7 66.1 29.9 31.0 86.7 46.6 19.5 10.8 8.2 7.4 28.3 63.7 41.7 44.4 94.4 62.8 30.6 17.8 12.3 8.6 44.0 23.5 18.3 19.5 86.3 44.9 18.0 8.6 5.8 4.5 27.1 Married. Number. 17,688,169 17, 684, 687 613,239 2,226,362 2,823,935 2, 619, 959 4,410,310 2,904,043 1,479,454 687,335 21,060 13, 813, 787 13,810,067 415, 682 1, 726, 296 2,209,357 2,071,698 3,451,375 2,212,223 1, 172, 904 521, 220 29,302 16,864,767 16,862,011 12,319,767 416,178 1,893,144 4,833,792 3,996,443 4,055,546 642,347 14,661 1,776,643 1,775,949 1,443,817 94,087 323,773 692,547 401,069 315,823 42,404 6,246 49, 096 2,016 5,581 36 9,221,616 9,219,386 7,261,375 318,334 1,216,851 2,823,023 2,163,079 2,289,701 398, 184 10,213 3,008,927 3, 008, 623 2,212,946 55,795 347,277 985,683 867, 878 705,913 44,426 1,651 3, 624, 216 3, 624, 003 2,855,446 42,049 329,016 1,025,086 965,486 1,059,932 199,737 2,697 Per 39.6 68.9 11.3 49.7 71.8 79.0 80.1 74.8 62.2 35.0 38.5 37.2 67.0 10.9 46.6 68.9 78.0 79.5 73.9 60.6 34.2 40.1 2,717,839 2,717,716 9,336 52,545 91,847 121, 944 372, 677 526,466 626, 271 906, 130 11,509 40.1 59,0 67.3 10.5 48.4 75.1 80.7 70.8 35.4 36. 36.0 67.2 53.7 17.6 59.0 74.5 74.4 61.6 29.9 44.7 63.8 84.0 38.0 69.4 57.7 12.6 51.8 77.1 81.9 71.7 35.8 35.5 31.8 51.1 49.4 5.0 36.2 66.5 74.7 67.8 35.0 62.3 66.5 64.2 13.1 54.3 79.5 84.1 70.8 34.7 41.5 Widowed. Nura- Per ber. cent. 3,176, 3, 176, 10, 55, 95, 128, 411, 610, 714, 1,140, 8, 2,706,127 2,706,990 2,291,872 6,233 29.260 150, 107 319,868 1,152,603 1,043,632 5,287 469, 889 469, 831 414,107 4,929 25,776 73,353 90,839 168,446 92,856 3,632 10,071 1,623,629 1,623,660 1,332,334 4,394 21,851 92,017 166,086 611,361 624,553 3,298 382,342 382, 316 256,953 483 4, 31,641 76,001 198,391 70,959 564 800,166 800,112 702,585 356 3,120 26,449 77,781 342,851 348,120 1,435 7.1 10 0.2 1.2 2.4 3.9 7.6 15.7 30.0 58.1 16.5 7.3 11.2 0.2 L4 2.9 4.6 8.6 17.6 32.3 59.3 15.7 10.1 10.7 0.1 0.7 2.3 6.5 20.1 57.6 13.2 9.3 14.8 15.4 0.9 4.7 9.2 16.9 32.9 65.6 26.0 13.1 7.7 1.4 9.8 10.6 0.2 0.9 2.5 6.3 19.1 56.2 11.6 4.0 6.6 5.7 0.4 2.1 6.5 19.1 56.9 11.4 13.7 14.7 15.8 0.1 0.5 2.1 6.8 22.9 60.4 22.1 Di- vorced. 186,101 186,088 3,650 20,370 29,163 28,109' 49,269 31,934 15,200 6,903 480 114,677 114,647 2,418 13,124 18,461 17,384 29.953 19,111 4' 129 601 160, 830 160,801 91,737 2,380 14,330 44,630 41,029 41,973 6,274 285 33,290 33,286 22,033 1,205 5,876 12,448 8,048 4,954 666 190 17 100,076 106,053 62,685 1.951 10; 902 29,936 25,999 26,797 4,256 212 30,210 30,206 16,634 319 2,588 9,774 9,360 7,658 469 38 20,544 20,542 12,518 110 840 4,820 5,670 7,518 1,549 36. 1 Total includes persons whose marital condition was not reported. ' Less than one-tenth ol 1 per cent. 150 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. Among the native whites of native parentage the number of married males in 1910 differed but little from the number of married females, and this was also true of the negroes; but in the case of the native whites of foreign or mixed parentage the married women considerably outnumbered the married men, probably 3)ecause many women of this class have married f oreign- -bom men, the number of the latter reported as married being much larger than the number of married foreign- born women. The larger number of married men than 'of married women in the foreign-born class is partly due, however, to the presence of men who have left their wives abroad. The number of single men materially exceeded the number of single women in each of the four classes shown in the table, the excess being particularly marked among the foreign-bom whites, in which group single men outnumbered single women more than two to one. In each class, on the other hand, there were more than twice as many widows as widowers. Of the total number of native white males of native parentage 15 years of age and over in 1910, 38.1 per cent were single and 61.4 per cent married, widowed, or divorced, the corresponding percentages for females being 29.9 and 69.8. Among native whites of foreign or mixed parentage the proportion married, widowed, or divorced was much lower for both sexes (49.5 and 58.1 per cent, respectively), than among native whites of native parentage. As shown later, this difference is not due to differences between the two parentage groups with regard to age distribution. Among the foreign-born whites, on the other hand, the proportion married, wid- owed, or divorced both for males and for females (67.8 and 81.6 per cent, respectively), was much higher than among the native whites of native parentage, but in the case of males this difference, as indicated by Table 24, is wholly due to the fact that the foreign- bom whites are much older on the average than the native whites and among females also it is largely due to this cause. The proportions married, widowed, or divorced for negro men and for negro women (64 and 73.1 per cent, respectively), were somewhat higher than for native whites of native parentage. The difference between the sexes with respect to the proportion married, widowed, or divorced is, as shown by the percentages quoted above, more conspicuous in the case of the foreign-born whites than ir the case of any other group. One cause of this marked dis- parity is the fact that single women are much less apt to leave their native country for a new home than single men. Considering only persons who were in the married state at the time of the census, the negroes are the only group shown in the table in which the proportion married is as high among males as it is among females, the percentages in the case of this race being the same for the two sexes. The proportion of divorced persons, as shown by Table 22, is slightly higher for females than for males in each of the four classes of population specified. As already stated, aU the percentages relating to divorced persons may be assumed to be somewhat too low. The proportion of divorced persons reported is higher among negroes than in any other class, that for negro women, which is the highest of all, being 1.1 per cent. Table 24, which is also based upon Table 23, shows by percentages for 1910 the marital condition of the principal classes of the population according to age groups. For convenience, the small percentages of divorced persons have been combined with those for the widowed. The diagram on the next page shows graphically the percentage single, married, widowed, or divorced in each class, by broad age groups. Table S4 CLASS OF POPULATION AND AGE PERIOD. Total population: 16 years and over i 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over Native white — Native par.: 16 years and over > 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over Native white— Foreign or mixed parentage: 15 years and over ' 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over Foreign-bom white: 15 years and over ^ 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over Negro: 16 years and over > 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over ■. PER CENT OF TOTAL IN SPECIFIED AGE GEOUP WHO WERE — Single. Married, widowed, or divorced. Male. 38.7 98.3 74.9 35.0 16.7 10.1 6.2 38.1 98.1 72.6 31.2 14.6 8.9 5.6 50.2 99.1 84.2 43.9 22.7 14.2 8.9 31.8 39.3 17.3 10.7 7.1 35.4 96.9 69.7 25.1 12.2 6.2 4.1 male. 29.7 87.9 11 8.0 6.3 86.7 46.6 19.5 10.8 8.2 7.4 41. 7 94.4 62.8 30.6 17.8 12.3 8.6 18.3 86.3 44.9 18.0 8.G 5.8 4.5 28.6 81.2 34.9 14.5 7.1 4.4 3.7 Male. 60.8 1.2 24.6 64.7 83.1 89.7 93.5 61.4 1.4 27.0 68.5 85.3 90.9 94.0 49.6 0.3 15.4 55.9 77.2 85.7 90.9 67.8 0.8 19.2 60.3 82.5 89.1 92.6 64.0 2.3 39.6 74.5 87.5 93.7 95.6 Fe- male. 70.0 11.6 51.4 79.0 88.5 91.9 93.4 69. 12.8 53.2 80.4 89.2 91.7 92.4 68.1 5.1 36.9 69.2 82.1 87.6 91.3 81.6 13.2 54.9 81.9 91.4 94.2 95.3 73.1 18.1 64.8 85.3 92, 95.4 95.9 Married. Male. 56.8 1.1 24.0 62.8 79.2 80.6 65,6 56.3 1.3 26.5 66.6 81.3 81.8 67.3 16.3 0.3 15.2 54.6 73.6 77.5 64.8 62.1 0.8 19.0 69.4 79.7 80.6 62.6 67.2 2.2 37.8 69.9 80.0 80.2 67.3 Fe- male. 68.9 11.3 49.7 75.1 80.1 70.0 35.0 69.4 12.5 51.8 77.1 81.9 71.7 35.8 61.1 5.0 36.2 66.5 74.7 67.8 35.0 66.6 13.1 54.3 79.5 84.1 70. 34.7 67.2 17.0 59.0 74.5 74.4 61.6 29.9 Widowed or divorced. Male. 5.0 0.6 1.8 3.9 9.2 27.8 5.0 0.5 1.9 4.0 9.1 26.7 3.2 0.2 1.4 3.5 8.3 26.1 5.7 (.') 0.2 0.9 2.8 8.5 30.2 0.1 1.9 4.6 7.6 13.4 male. U.2 0.3 1.7 21.9 58.4 10. S 0.3 1.4 3.3 7.3 20.0 66.6 7.0 0.1 0.7 2.8 7.4 19.8 56.3 15.1 0.1 0.7 2.4 7.3 23.4 CO. 7 16.9 1.1 5.8 10.8 18.4 33.8 66.0 1 Percentages based on total population, which includes a small number of persons of unlmown age. 2 Less than one-tenth of 1 pef cent. In every age group and for both sexes the proportion married, widowed, or divorced was materially higher in the case of the native whites of native parentage than in the case of the native whites of foreign or mixed parentage. This is partly due to the difference in the geographic distribution of the two classes. A much larger proportion of the native whites of foreign or mixed parentage than of the native whites of native parentage are in urban communities, and much larger proportions of the former class than of the latter are in the North and the West. People living in urban communities are less apt to marry, or tend to marry MARITAL CONDITION. 151 later, than those living in rural districts ; and persons living in the North and the West are less apt to marry, or tend to marry later, than persons living in the South. Table 24 shows, also, that in each of the individual age groups the percentage married, widowed, or di- vorced was higher for native white males of native parentage than for foreign-born white males. On the •other hand, among females the percentages were ■somewhat lower for the native whites of native parent- age than for the foreign-born whites. The negroes of both sexes marry at a somewhat earlier age than the native whites of native parentage, but in the older age groups the percentage married among negroes was lower and the percentage widowed or divorced higher than among native whites of native parentage, except that in the case of males 65 years and over the percent- age married was the same in the two population classes. MARITAL CONDITION OF PRINCIPAL CLASSES OF THE POPULATION, BY AGE PERIODS: 1910. t5 AN D C IVE 1 MALE V/A$SSi, » f4«^ w M W M iiH ■f FEMALE a y/m^ ;W iX>* '>i^ m ^ ■ JZ , ■^y S^ W }i^ w «xx S«i Jft ? FEMALE F? 3 A y//)^^ ■M* W ^ ^ Wf •> MALE - ^//)^^ «» »* W; w i^ xx^ iK F^'Yhf, MALE i^k& ■ iiii^ ]^^^ Hi " I [^'/IX?^ 4s« w *** M Wr i y FEMALE 4 3 Vf- VA y/tw m ^ m P^ M m 1 MALE v// '/A W)^ W m M m w ii*fl 4 FEMALE y ^//jm WA w> W w. W? W w< ■ MALE Va yyw m m » <^ ?S?R ^ m 1 FE> «LE yy^ w. w ^ ^ *** «* W m " ; MA LE 1 II >-! 4 V y/A W/. VA W/, '//^ yy/f y/A 'yy''m 'A 1 W FEMALE y/. '/// w, y/A W/ 'yy y//ps m *«* MALE F '/7Z /// '/A /// y/A y// A//, V/M 2 * FEMALE •/// ///. '///. •y// /// '/// yyy y/,^ M MALE V> y//. v/^ y//. 'A// yA/< '/// w A/A^ 4 V 4 v// >//, w, V/a ''y/( y//T^^ ^ m M MALE y/, /// W- ///. Wf ///. Wf //xfc^ W FEMALE V/^ ^ '/A y/A '//. yy^^ M m SS!» 1 "1 NATIVE WHITE - NATIVE PARENTAQE 2 NATIVE V/HITE - FOREIGN OR MIXED PARENTAQE 3 FOREIGN-BORN WHITE 4 NEGRO t^?^^ SINGLE MARRIED WIDOWED OR DIVORCED Comparisons with previous censuses. — ^Table 25 shows, by sex, the percentages single, married, widowed, or divorced in the total population 15 years of age and over for the last three censuses. Table 25 PEB CENT DI3TKIBUTI0N OF— MABITAL CONDITION. Males 15 years ol age and over. Females 15 years of age and over. 1910 1900 1890 1910 1900 1890 Total 100.0 38.7 60.8 55.8 4.5 O.S 0.5 100.0 40.2 59.4 54.5 4.6 0.3 0.4 100.0 41.7 58.1 53.9 3.9 0.2 0.3 100.0 29.7 70.0 68.9 10.6 0.6 0.2 100.0 31.-2 68.6 67.0 11.2 0.5 0.2 100.0 Single 31.8 Married, widowed, or divorced 68.1 56.8 11 0.4 Marital condition not reported 0.1 There has been for both sexes a gradual advance since 1890 in the percentage of married persons and in the percentage of married, widowed, or divorced persons combined. The latter percentage rose, in the case of males, from 58.1 in 1890 to 59.4 in 1900 and 60.8 in 1910, while the corresponding percentages for females were 68.1, 68.6, and 70, respectively. These increasing percentages are only in part, if at all, attributable to changes in the race, nativity, and parentage composition of the population, or to changes in age distribution. Table 26 shows for the males and females in each of the principal race, nativity, and parentage groups the percentage reported as single, as married, widowed, or divorced, and as married, respectively. Table 26 PEK CENT OF PERSONS 16 YEARS OF AGE OR OVER WHO WEEK— CLASS OF POPULATION AND SEX. Single. Married, widowed, or divorced. Married. 1910 1900 1890 1910 1900 1890 1910 1900 1890 Total: Male 38.7 29.7 40.2 31.2 41.7 31.8 60.8 70.0 61.4 69.8 49.5 58.1 67.8 81.6 64.0 73.1 69.4 68.6 58.1 68.1 65.8 68.9 54.5 67.0 Female 56 8 Native white— Native parentage: Male . 38.1 29.9 60.2 41.7 31.8 18.3 35.4 26.6 39.7 31.0 54.5 44.4 29.4 19.5 39.2 29.9 40.1 30.6 61.9 Sf.O 32.1 20.7 39.8 30.0 69.8 68.8 45.3 55.6 70.3 80.3 60.2 69.9 59.7 69.3 38.0 49.0 67.6 79.2 60.0 69.8 56.3 59.4 46.3 61.1 62.1 66.5 57.2 57.2 65.0 57.7 42.7 49.4 63.8 64.2 64.0 63.7 55 4 Female Native white— Foreign or mixed parentage: Male 68.2 36.2 44.3 62.2 63.9 65.5 54.6 Female Foreign-bom white: Male Female Negro: Male Female The combined percentage of married, widowed, or divorced persons was higher in 1910 than in 1900 or in 1890 for each sex in each of the four principal race, na- tivity, and parentage groups, except that in the case of the foreign-bom white males the percentage was lower in 1910 than in 1900. In the case of native white females of native parentage, however, the percentage married, widowed, or divorced was shghtly .lower in 1900 than in 1890. These higher percentages of mar- ried, widowed, or divorced persons combined were chiefly due to a higher proportion of married persons, although the proportion of widowed or divorced per- sons has also generally increased. 152 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. Table 27 shows the percentage of males and females of specified ages reported as single, as married, and as married, widowed, or diVorced at the censuses of 1910, 1900, and 1890. Table 27 PEE CENT OF PERSONS IN SPECITTED AGE GROUP "WHO WERE — AGE PERIOD AND SEX. Single. Married, widowed, or divorced. Married. 1910 1900 1890 1910 1900 1890 1910 1900 1890 15 years and over: 1 Male 38.7 29.7 40.2 31.2 41.7 31.8 60.8 70.0 59.4 68.6 68.1 68.1 66.8 68.9 94.6 57.0 63.9 Female 66.8 IS to 19 years: Male 98.3 87.9 74.9 48.3 35.0 20.9 16.7 11.4 10.1 8.0 6.2 6.3 98.8 88.7 77.6 61.6 37.3 22.6 17.0 11.1 9.3 7.4 5.7 6.0 99.4 90.3 80.7 51.8 36.8 20.7 15.3 9.9 8.2 6.6 5.6 5.6 1.2 11.6 24.6 51.4 64.7 79.0 83.1 88.5 89.7 91.9 93.5 93.4 1.0 11.2 22.1 48.3 62.5 77.3 82.9 88.8 90.6 92.5 94.0 93.8 0.5 9.7 19.2 48.1 63.1 79.2 84.5 90.1 91.6 93.3 94.2 94.2 1.1 U.3 24.0 49.7 62.8 75.1 79.2 80.1 80.6 70.0 65.6 35.0 1.0 10.9 21.6 46.5 60.6 73.0 78.8 79.5 81.3 68.6 67.1 34.2 0.5 Ti'ftmplft. 9 5 20 to 24 years: Male 18 9 46.7 25 to 34 years: Male 61.5 Female 75.2 35 to 44 years: Male 80.9 Female 45 to 64 years: Male 80.6 83.5 Female 65 years and over: Male 68.8 70.5 Female 35.4 > Includes persons of unknown age. In the age groups 15 to 19 years, 20 to 24 years, and 25 to 34 years, the percentage married, widowed, or divorced was greater ia 1910 than in 1900, and ia the case of the first two groups it was also greater in 1900 than in 1890. In the age group 25 to 34 years the percentage for males was greater in 1910 than at either of the two preceding censuses, but was less in 1900 than in 1890, while for females the per- centage was greater ia 1910 than in 1900, although in both years it was lower than in 1890. In each of the three age groups comprising persons 35 years of age or over, a decrease occurred during both of the decades covered by the table in the percentage married, wid- owed, or divorced both for males and for females, with the single exception that the percentage for males from 35 to 44 years of age. increased sUghtly between 1900 and 1910. Table 28 shows, for 1910, 1900, and 1890, the per- centage of married, widowed, or divorced persons among males and females, respectively, for the prin- cipal color or race, nativity, and parentage groups, classified by age. For each class shown in the table the percentage of married, widowed, or divorced persons in the age groups 15 to 19 years and 20 to 24 years was higher, both for males and for females, in 1910 than in 1900 or 1890, except that the percentage for native white males of foreign or mixed parentage 15 to 19 years of age was the same in 1910 as in 1900. This would in- dicate that in all classes of the population a larger proportion are marrying in the earUer ages than was the case 10 or 20 years ago. The falling off in the natural rate of increase of population in this country would therefore seem not in any way due to the post- ponement of marriage. In the age group 25 to 34 years the proportion married, widowed, or divorced in 1910 w^s greater than in 1900 for both males and females in all classes of the population, with the single exception of the foreign-born white males. For the two groups comprising persons 45 years of age and over, the proportion of persons in the three classes of the white population who were or had been married has shown a decrease at each census since 1890, with the single exception of the native white females of native parentage from 45 to 64 years of age, for whom the percentage was the same in 1910 as in 1900. For the white population it thus appears that although the proportion marrying at early ages shows an increase, the proportion married, widowed, or divorced in the higher age groups was not so great in 1910 as in 1900 or 1890. Among the negroes the proportion married, widowed, or divorced in each age group was higher in 1910 than in 1900. Table 28 CLASS 07 FOFT7LATION AND AGE PERIOD. Total: 16 years and over ^ 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years. : 46 to 64 years 65 years and over Native white— Native parentage; 16 years and ovei i 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over Native white — Foreign or mixed parentage: 15 years and over ' 15 to 19 years , 20 to 24 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years , 45 to 64 years 65 years and over Foreign-bom white: 16years and over^ 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 26 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over Negro: 16 years anc} over ' 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over PER CENT MARRIED, WIDOWED, OR DIVOKCED. Male. 60.8 1.2 24.6 64.7 83.1 89.7 93.5 61.4 1.4 27.0 68.5 85.3 90.9 94.0 49.5 0.3 15.4 65.9 77.2 85.7 90.9 67.8 0.8 19.2 60.3 82.5 89.1 92.6 64,0 2.3 39.6 74.5 87.5 93.7 96.5 1900 69.4 1.0 22.1 62.5 82.9 90.6 94.0 69.8 1.2 23.8 65.7 85.1 91.7 94.6 46.3 0.3 13.1 52.5 78.1 86.9 92.2 70.3- 0.7 17.3 60.9 82.0 89.6 93.0 60.2 1.8 35.1 71.6 86.5 93.3 95.0 1S90 68.1 0.5 19.2 63.1 84.5 91.6 94.2 59.7 0.6 20.5 66.6 86.5 92.6 94.8 38.0 0.1 11.0 55.3 80.6 88.9 93.6 67.6 0.3 15.1 58.1 82.2 90.3 93.2 60.0 0.9 34.2 .74.7 88.5 93.9 94.3 Female. 1910 70.0 11.6 51.4 79.0 88.6 91.9 93.4 12.8 63.2 80.4 89.2 91.7 92.4 68.1 5.1 36.9 '69.2 82.1 87.6 91.3 81.6 13.2 54.9 81.9 91.4 04.2 95.3 73.1 18.1 64.8 85.3 92.8 95.4 95.9 1900 11.2 48.3 77.3 88.8 92.5 68.8 12.6 51.2 79.0 89.0 91.7 92.8 65.6 5.0 35.0 68.5 83.9 89.8 91.9 80.3 11.0 46.5 80.7 91.6 94.4 95.6 69.9 16.6 60.0 82.4 91.9 96.1 95.2 1890 68.1 9.7 48.1 79.2 90.1 93.3 94.2 69.3 11.0 61.5 80.8 89.5 92.3 49.0 4.2 34.6 71.4 87.1 91.5 92.3 79.2 8.4 45.2 80.1 91.7 95.1 96.0 15.0 61.7 84.8 92.4 95.2 95.3 1 Percentages based on total population, which includes a small number of persons of unknown age. MARITAL CONDITION. 153 DIVISIONS AND STATES. Total population, by divisions. — Table 29 shows for the different geographic divisions of the country the proportiops single, married, widowed, or divorced among persons 15 years of age and over, classified by sex. The percentages are summarized graphically in the accompanying diagram. Table 29 PEK CENT OF total POPULATION 15 YEARS OP AGE AND OVER. DlnaiON AND SEX. Single. Married, widowed, or divorced. Total. Mar- ried. Wid- owed. Di- vorced. ■crnited states: Male.; 38.7 29.7 60 8 70.0 55.8 58.9 4.5 10.6 0.5 6 Female New England: Male 38.6 34.2 39.0 32.6 37.5 29.1 40.5 29.7 36.9 29.6 34.9 26.8 36.6 25.3 46.1 25.2 46.9 27.4 61.2 66.7 60.7 67.3 62.1 70.7 58.9 70.0 62.7 70.1 64.8 72.9 62.9 74.4 64.1 74.4 61.9 72.4 65.5 53.6 66.1 66.1 57.0 59.8 54.1 60.4 57.9 58.4 59.2 60.3 57.5 63.1 49.5 64.6 46.7 60.6 5.1 11.5 4.3 10.8 4.5 10.1 4.3 g.o 4.6 11.3 6.1 11.8 4.9 10.6 3.8 9.0 4.2 10.6 0.5 0.6 0.2 0.3 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.7 0.3 0.4 0.6 Female Middle Atlantic: Male Female East North Central: Male Female West North Central: Male Female South Atlantic: Male Female East South Central: Male Female West South Central: Male 0.5 7 Female Mountain: Male Female 1 Pacific: Male 1 1 3 The percentage of females who were or had been married was lower in New England than in other geographic divisions, while the proportion of males who were or had been married was lower in the Pacific and Mountain divisions than in the other divisions. It should be borne in mind in this connection that the number of males to 100 females is much higher in the Pacific and Mountain divisions than in any other, whereas New England is the only division in which the females outnumber the males. The factors of race and age doubtless exercise an appreciable in- fluence upon the marital condition of the total popu- lation, but, independently of racial or age composi- tion, it is almost inevitable that the proportion mar- ried, widowed, or divorced among males should be smallest in those geographic divisions in .which the excess of taales over females is greatest. Conversely it ,is natural that the proportion married among women should be relatively low in that section of the country where the females outnumber the males. The proportion widowed is highest for both sexes in the East South Central and New England divi- sions and lowest for males in the Mountain and Pacific divisions and for females in the West North Central and Mountain divisions. The proportion divorced is highest for both sexes in the Mountain and Pacific divisions and lowest for both sexes in the Middle Atlantic and South Atlantic divisions. MARITAL CONDITION OF THE TOTAL POPULATION 15 YEARS OP AGE AND OVER, BY DIVISIONS: 1910. SINGLE I MARRIED, WIDOWED, OR DIVORCED UNITED STATES PER CENT [ MARRIED WIDOWED OR DIVORCED Color or race, nativity, and parentage classes, by divi- sions. — Table 30 shows for 1910, by geographic divi- sions, the percentage of the male and female population 15 years of age and over in the color or race, nativity, and parentage classes who were married, widowed, or divorced, and also the percentage who were married. For each class of the population except the native whites of native parentage the percentage married, widowed, or divorced among the males was higher in the East South Central division than in any other. For the native whites of native parentage the New England division ranked first in this respect, with the East South Central second. For each class of popu- lation except the native whites of foreign or mixed parentage the percentage was lowest in the Pacific division. For the native whites of foreign or mixed parentage the lowest percentage was found in New England, with the Pacific division ranking next. Among females the percentage married, widowed, or divorced was highest in the divisions west of the Mississippi River, for the native whites of native parentage, ui the West South Central division; for the native whites of foreign or mixed parentage, in the Mountain division; for the foreign-born whites, in the West North Central division; and for the negroes, in the Mountain division. On the other hand, the proportion of females married, widowed, or divorced was lowest in New England for every class except the native whites of native parentage, for whom the proportion was lowest in the Middle Atlantic division. New England ranking next in this respect. 154 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. Table 30 PER CENT or PERSONS 15 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER. All classes. Native white. Foreign-bom white. . Nes orVTSION AND SEX. Native parentage. Foreign or mi!i:ed parentage. [TO. Married, widowed, or divorced. Married. Married, widowed, or divorced. Married. Married, widowed, or divorced. Married. Married, widowed, or divorced. Married. Married, widowed, or divorced. Married. United States: Male 60.8 70.0 55.8 58.9 ex. 4 69.8 56.3 69.4 49.6 68.1 46.3 61.1 67.8 81.6 62.1 66.6 64.0 73.1 17.2 Female 67.2 New Ekgland: Male 61.2 65.7 60.7 67.3 62.1 70.7 58.9 70.0 62.7 70.1 64.8 72.9 62 9 74.4 54.1 74.4 51.9 72.4 55.6 63.6 56.1 66.1 67.0 59.8 54.1 60.4 57.9 68.4 59.2 60.3 57.5 63.1 49.5 64.5 46.7 60.6 66.0 68.2 60.9 66.1 61.9 69.8 59.6 69.9 62.3 69.3 64.2 72.2 62.2 74.2 55.1 73.0 54.9 72.1 57.7 53.1 65.8 55.2 66.6 59.4 54.8 60.7 58.1 59.4 69.6 62.0 67.6 66.0 50.3 63.9 49.2 60.4 42.9 48.0 48.7 65.5 62.5 60.5 47.8 58.6 56.0 61.9 59.5 64.3 55.7 66.4 49.0 66.6 45.6 62 2 39.8 42.0 45.4 47.6 49.4 53.8 45.2 53.4 61.7 51.4 56.0 52.6 61.7 57.4 45.6 60.0 41.6 54.2 68.2 74.9 67.8 78.3 72.2 86.3 70.1 87.9 66.4 82.9 74.9 86.7 70.5 85.6 65.7 87.3 54.4 84.2 62.7 62.1 63.2 64.7 65.7 69.3 63.1 71.2 60.4 65.3 66.6 59.7 62.9 67.5 50.9 71.9 48.6 67.8 68.2 67.7 60.4 69.0 60.6 75.3 60.3 75.0 63.8 71.5 65.9 74.7 64.9 74.9 55.3 77.1 62.6 76.0 61.7 FfiTTlftlB 50.0 Middle Atlantic: Male 64.5 Female.. 53.3 ■Rast North Centeal: Male 61.7 Female 66.8 West North Central: Male.. .. 51.4 56.3 SoxJTH Atlantic: Male. 67.9 66.9 ■Rast South Central: Male 68.5 Female 57.8 West South Central: Male 57.4 Female 68.8 Mountain: Male 47.6 S6.6 Pacific; Male 45.9 56.6 Comparing the different color or race, nativity, and parentage groups within the same division, it appears that for males the percentage married, widowed, or di- vorced was highest among the foreign-bom whites in every division excepting the Pacific, where the highest proportion was among the native whites of native parentage. For females the highest percentage mar- ried, widowed, or divorced was, in all geographic divisions, among the foreign-born whites. This uni- formity results from the fact that the proportion of the foreign-bom whites in the early age groups is com- paratively low. The percentage of persons married, widowed, or divorced was lowest in every division and for both sexes among the native whites of foreign or mixed parentage, a fact in part attributable to the relatively large number of young persons in this class of population. In all divisions, and for each color or race, nativity, and parentage group, the proportion of persons mar- ried, widowed, or divorced was higher for females than for males. In a majority of cases the proportion of married persons alone was also higher among females than among males. Generally speaking, the differences between the geographic divisions as respects marital condition are largely explained by differences in the composition of the population in regard to sex, age, race, nativity, and parentage. The foregoiag table shows, however, for each race, nativity, and parentage class appre- ciable diEEerences among the divisions. These in turn are largely explained either by variations in the age and sex distribution of the population or by varying habits with respect to the age of marriage. These factors are in part exhibited in Table 31, page 156, which shows for each division the percentage of mar- ried, widowed, or divorced persons combined in the prin- cipal classes of the population, by sex and age groups. The absolute numbers on which the percentages in Table 31 are based appear in Table 32, which also gives further details. The degree of prevalence of early marriages in the case of males is fairly well indicated by the percent- age married, widowed, or divorced in the age group 20 to 24 years. For native white males of native parentage the percentage in 1910 was conspicuously high in the three southern divisions, and lowest in the Pacific, New England, and Mountain divisions, in the order named. In the South the percentage of negro males in the same age group who were mar- ried, widowed, or divorced was much higher than the percentage of native whites of native parentage. In other sections of the country, where the negroes are less numerous, there was no such marked 'dif- ference. The proportions for the native whites of foreign or mixed parentage and for foreign-bom whites were fairly uniform throughout the country, except that in the West South Central division, where much of the foreign stock is of Mexican rather than European origin, they were considerably higher than elsewhere. MARITAL CONDITION. 155 For females the proportion married, widowed, or divorced in the age group 15 to 19 is more signifi- cant as to prevalence of early marriage. Among the native whites of native parentage this proportion was greater in the three southern divisions than else- where. In two of these divisions, the East South Central and the West South Central, the proportion was also higher in the age group 20 to 24 years, but the proportion for this group in the South Atlantic division was exceeded by that in the Mountain divi- sion. Among the negro women early marriages are more frequent in the South than in the remainder of the country. For the native whites of foreign or mixed parentage there were high percentages of mar- ried persons among females from 15 to 24 years of age in the West South Central, Mountain, and Pacific divisions. Among the foreign-born whites the percent- ages were high in the South, where, however, this class forms an inconsiderable element in the aggregate population. Table 32, pages 156 to 159, presents detailed statis- tics of marital condition by geographic divisions. States. — Table 33, pages 160 to 162, shows the dis- tribution, according to marital condition, of the males and females 15 years of age and over in each of the principal classes of population, by states. TJBBAN AND BITBAI, COMMTTMTTIES. Table 34, page 163, shows the marital condition of males and females by age groups for the principal race, nativity, and parentage classes, distinguishing be- tween urban and rural communities. For the population 15 years of age and over, both for males and females, the proportion of single persons is greater, and, conversely, the proportion of those who are or have been married is less, in, the urban than in the rural population. For both males and females, a smaller percentage of persons married, widowed, or divorced, is found in urban communities in each of the age periods specified in the table, the difference being particularly grpat in the younger age periods. The native classes of the population, the whites both of native and of foreign or mixed parentage and the negroes, show, like the population at large, a smaller percentage of persons married, widowed, or divorced in urban than in rural communities, not only for the entire population 15 years of age and over, but also for each of the age groups given in the table. For the foreign-bom white females also, the propor- tion married, widowed, or divorced is smaljer in towns and cities than in the rural districts. The foreign-born white males 15 years and over form an exception to aU other classes in having among those who live in cities a smaller percentage of single persons, and, con- versely, a larger percentage of married, widowed, or divorced, than among those living in rural districts. With the exception of the age group 15 to 19 years, which, of course, comprises comparatively few married persons, the percentage of foreign-bom males married, widowed, or divorced was larger in each age group of the urban population than in the corresponding group of the rural population. These differences with reference to the urban and the rural population constitute one of the important factors in determining the differences already noted with respect to marital condition among the different geographic divisions and states. PRINCIPAL CITIES. The concluding tables on marital condition relate to the cities of the United States. In Table 35, page 164, information is given concerning the marital con- dition of both males and females, classified by color or race, nativity, and parentage, in cities having 250,000 inhabitants or more. Table 36, pages 165 to 167, gives similar information, without distinction of color or race, nativity, and parentage, for cities having from 25,000 to 250,000 inhabitants. 156 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. PER CENT MARRIED, WIDOWED, OR DIVORCED IN THE POPULATION, BY GEOGRAPHIC DIVISIONS: 1910. Table 31 DIVISION AND CLASS OF POPULATION. TTslted States: Native white— Native parentage Native white — Foreign or mixed parentage Foreign-born white Negro New England:' Native white— Native parentage Native wliite— Foreign or mixed parentage Foreign-bom white Negro Middle Atlantic: Native white— Native parentage Native white— Foreign or mixed parentage Foreign-bom white Negro East North Central: Native white— Native parentage Native wliite — Foreign or mixed parentage Foreign-bom white Negro West North Central: Native white— Native parentage Native white— Foreign or mixed parentage Foreign-bom white Negro South Atlantic: Native white— Native parentage Native white — Foreign or mixed parentage Foreign-bom white Negro East South Central: Native white— Native parentage Native white — Foreign or mixed parentage Foreign-bom white Negro ; West South Central: Native white— Native parentage Native white— Foreign or mixed parentage Foreign-bom wliite Negro Mountain: Native white — Native parentage Native white— Foreign or mixed parentage Foreign-bom white Negro Pacific: Native white— Native parentage Native white— Foreign or mixed parentage Foreign-bom white Negro PEE CENT MARRIED, WTOOWED, OR DIVORCED. Males 15 years of age and over. 15 to 19 years. 1.4 e.3 2.3 0.8 0.4 1.0 1.3 0.9 0.3 0.7 1.0 0.9 0.3 0.7 1.4 0.9 0.2 0.7 1.3 1.8 0.5 1.1 2.4 2.7 0.7 0.9 2.6 l.» 0.7 1.8 2.1 0.8 0.5 1.2 1.7 0.5 0.3 1.0 1.1 20 to 24 years. 27.0 16.4 19.2 39.6 20.9 14.5 21.9 21.7 23.8 15.0 21.4 27.0 26.1 16.3 18.8 25.9 24.4 13.9 14.1 26.7 30.0 16.1 19.4 40.2 35.4 16.2 18.7 te.6 23.0 25.0 41.3 21.3 17.3 13.1 21.7 17.9 13.5 11.2 19.1 26 _ to 84 years. 68. S 65.9 60.3 74.6 63.1 49.8 64.1 65.1 66.1 64.5 65.4 62.0 69.4 62.8 69.9 66.9 56.4 63.0 60.3 71.7 66.0 60.2 76.5 75.8 56.9 59.9 78.6 74.3 64.0 62.1 77.4 58.6 55.6 45.0 50.9 63.9 48.7 39.2 47.0 •t, to 44 46 years years, and over. 36 85.3 77.2 82.6 87.6 82.4 /2.3 85.3 75.9 83.6 76.0 86.1 78.0 85.9 80.2 84.8 77.0 85.0 78.8 78.8 78.5 88.0 76.6 83.0 89.2 77.2 83.0 90.5 82.1 81.9 77.7 75.0 70.4 70.0 74.3 69.6 65.7 67.7 91.7 86.3 90. a 94.0 83.2 92.2 86.6 90.6 85.8 91.8 86.4 92.1 88.5 92.0 87.2 92.4 88.1 90.2 93.1 86.6 89.3 94.7 94.1 87.4 89.9 95.6 94.0 88.2 88.9 95.3 85.8 80.1 80.0 78.3 85.0 78.6 77.7 78.3 Female 15 years of age and over. 15 to 19 years. 12.8 5.1 13.2 18.1 6.6 3.6 6.9 4.6 12.1 10.2 10.0 4.8 15.1 14.7 11.6 5.0 13.3 15.5 16.3 5.9 18.4 17.0 19.4 6.1 21.3 20.0 20.1 11.3 25.3 20.3 14.0 9.3 21.7 20.1 10.6 7.0 17.6 13.0 20 to 24 years. 63.2 36.9 54.9 64.8 38.4 28.0 46.6 42.9 42.8 33.0 64.1 48.9 50.7 38.1 69.7 57.2 62.6 38.6 66.5 57.9 55.7 37.4 62.1 63.6 61.5 34.9 63.3 68.4 66.3 52.0 68.6 69.0 60.8 51.2 65.8 62.6 52.6 42.7 67.1 57.1 26 to 34 years. 80.4 69.2 81.9 67.2 76.0 72.1 74.1 64.4 82.0 74.6 80.3 71.8 85.1 81.9 82.0 73.3 84.0 82.8 80.7 66.0 86.1 84.8 84.2 66.3 83.4 87.6 88.7 79.5 87.3 88.7 85.7 82.1 87.3 80.8 80.4 73.7 80.6 82.0 86 to 44 years. S9.2 82.1 91.4 92.8 81.9 72.5 87.5 83.3 848 78.7 91.1 86.6 89.5 84.0 93.2 91.7 91.6 86.6 93.4 92.3 88.7 78.9 90.8 92.3 91.2 78.9 89.4 93.9 95.0 88.6 93.7 96.2 93.6 91.9 94.1 91.8 90.6 86.0 90.8 91.1. 45 years and over. 91.9 88. D 94.5 96.6 86.8 81.0 91.4 88.7 89.0 85.4 93.3 90. S 93.2 89.6 96.0 96.6 93.6 92.2 96.5 96.0 89.8 84.8 92.4 96.0 92.8 86.1 93.5 96.3 96.4 91.7 95.7 97.1 96.3 94.9 96.5 94.0 94.9 92.0 94.7 94.5 MARITAL CONDITION OF THE POPULATION 15 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER DIVISIONS: 1910. FOR THE UNITED STATES AND Table 32 DIVISION, CLASS OP POPULATION, AND AGE PERIOD. UNITED STATES All classes : 15 years of age and over: 2 1910 1900 1910 16 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 46 years and over Native white — Native parentage: 15 years and over 2 15 to 24 years. 25 to 44 years 45 years and over Native white — For. or mixed par.: 15 years and over ' 16 to 24 years 28 to 44 years 45 years and over Foreign-bom white: 15 years and over = 15 to 24 years 26 to 44 years 45 years and over Negro: 16 years and over 2 15 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 years and over HALES IS YEARS OF AGE AND OVER. Total.i 32, 426, 806 25,620,399 4,627,282 4,580,290 7,901,116 6,15»,366 9,149,308 16,233,095 4,885,442 6,642,210 4,636,674 6,785,137 2,008,982 2,665,634 1,204 884 7,139,893 1,176,674 3,442,770 2,601,743 3,059,312 930, 102 1,304,098 748,036 Single. Number, 12,650,129 10,297,940 4,448,067 3,432,161 2,767,967 1,026,502 846,023 6,185,324 4,195,858 1,596,943 376, 443 2,906,042 1,864,979 884,388 164, 132 2,268,916 1,008,163 1,008,""- 245, 630 1,083,472 780,147 266,399 42,946 38.7 40.2 74, 35.0 16.7 9.2 38.1 85. 24.0 8.1 50.2 92.3 34.6 13.6 31.8 86, 29.3 36.4 78.8 19.7 5.7 Married. Number, 18, 092, 600 13,966,650 51,877 1,100,093 4,964,769 4,873,163 7,075,398 9,144,099 662,118 4,843,893 3,636,060 2,677,706 142,172 1,616,693 916,985 4, 432, 135 169,073 2,361,873 1,906,677 1,749,228 193, 174 967,060 680,382 cent 66. 54.5 1.1 24.0 62.8 79.2 77.3 66.3 13.3 72.9 78.4 46.3 7.1 63.0 76.1 62.1 13.6 68.6 76.2 67.2 19.5 74.2 77.6 Widowed. Num- Per ber. cent. 1,471,390 1,177,976 1,110 18,815 110, 431 198,701 1,137,700 728,883 9,398 143,907 673,373 160,779 1,479 46,629 112,351 384,726 1,' 52, 139 330,489 189,970 7,676 64,405 116,700 4.6 4.6 (') 0.4 1.4 3.2 12.4 4.6 0.2 2.2 12.4 2.8 0.1 1, 9.3 5.4 0.1 1.5 13.2 6.2 0.8 4.9 15.6 Di- vorced 156,162 84, 230 347 6,732 34,671 42,688 71,252 87,466 3,941 42,696 40,479 24,688 769 13,698 10,175 23,069 376 8,634 14,081 20,146 1,913 11,866 6,253 FEMALES 15 TEARS OF AGE AND OVER. Total.i 047,326 249, 191 636,321 476,694 251,072 604,321 224,306 16,623,900 4,886,636 6,304,231 4,304,394 5,887,131 2,069,701 2,644,475 1,168,088 6,446,306 928,468 2,437,209 2,074 124 3,103,344 1,101,109 1,334,080 654, 191 Single. Number, 1,933,170 ,666,530 1,985,764 !, 163, 683 ,516,726 628, 616 623,787 4,644,122 3,294,390 997,649 343,944 2,463,017 1,660,268 661,207 139,409 994 110 550,019 330,174 112,162 639,911 163,787 27,726 Per 29.9 67.4 16.8 8.0 41.7 79.7 25.0 11.9 18.3 69.2 13.6 5.4 Married. Number. 17, 684, 687 13,810,067 513,239 2,225,362 6,443,894 4,410,310 5,070,832 9,219,386 1,535,186 4,986,102 2,687,885 3,008,623 403,072 1,853,661 780,339 3,624,003 371,065 1,990,572 1,269,669 Per 3,176,1 2, 717, 715 10,261 65,354 224,327 411,1 2,466,396 69.4 31.4 79.1 62.4 61.1 19.6 70.1 64.2 66.6 40.0 81.7 60.7 1 Total includes persons whose marital condition was not reported. ' Totals include persons of unknown age. 26.6 1,776,949 57.2 469,831 14.8 58.1 417,860 37.9 30,706 2.8 11.5 993,616 74.6 164,192 12.3 4.2 358,227 64.8 261,302 39. ' Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. Widowed. Num- Per ber. cent. 1,523,560 26,245 268,103 1,235,914 382,318 4,772 107,642 269,360 800, 112 3,476 104,230 690,971 0.6 4.1 28.7 6.5 0.2 4.1 23.1 14.7 0.4 4.3 33.3 Di- vorced. 185,068 114,647 3,65« 20,370 57,262 49,269 54,037 100,053 12,863 55,935 31,053 30,206 2,907 19,134, 8,127 20,542 950 10,490 9,067 33,286 7,081 20,496 5,519 MARITAL CONDITION. 157 MARITAL CONDITION OF THE POPULATION 15 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER FOR THE UNITED STATES AND DIVISIONS: 1910— Continued. Table 33— Co&tlnued. DIVISION, CLASS OF POPULATION, AND AGE PEKIOD. MALES 15 TEAKS OF AGE AND OVER. Total.! NEW ENGLAND. All classes: 15 years of age and over: ' 1910. 1900. 1910 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 years and over. Native white — Native parentage: 16 years and over 2 15 to 24 yearss 25 to 44 years 45 years and over Native white— For. or mixed par. : 15 years and over 2 15 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 years and over roreign-bom white: 15 years and over^ 15 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 years and over Negro: 16 years and over 2 15 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 years and over MIDDLE ATLANTIC. All classes: 15 years ol age and over: ' ' 1910 1900 1910 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 years and over Native white— Native parentage: 15 years and over 2 16 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 years and over Native white — For. or mixed par. 15 years and over * 15 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 years and over Foreign-bom white: 15 years and over " 16 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 years and over Negro: 16 years and over 2 15 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 years and over EAST NORTH CENTRAL. All classes: 15 years of age and over: " 1910 1900 1910 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 years and over Native white— Native parentage: 15 years and over ' 15 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 years and over Native white— For. or mixed par. 15 years and over 2 16 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 years and over Foreign-bom white: 15 years and over » 16 to 24 years....' 25 to 44 years 46 years and over Negro: 15 years and over » 15 to 24 years 26 to 44 years 46 years and over. 2,369,362 1,995,422 290, 134 302,989 656,690 478,218 736, 598 Number. Per cent, 916, 726 782,466 287,518 243,668 219,968 88,564 74,427 939,776 213,686 364,033 369,600 527,729 208,141 224,046 95,164 872,657 166,036 441,368 264,364 24,955 6,588 13,076 6,997,597 5,383,757 971, 668 1,783,214 1, 416, 225 1,921,020 2,816,680 805,628 1,155,924 846,439 1, 532, 347 536,977 664,830 329,305 2,479,586 479,794 1,285,111 710,084 156, 872 36,243 86,991 32,951 6,(68,590 5,554,055 885,074 900,151 1,572,799 1, 268, 055 2,020,781 1,212,530 960, 208 ,285,398 961,003 ,657,472 559,025 734,050 362,994 ;, 666, 719 235,499 756,644 671, 221 122,237 28,271 60,627 32, 549 328,362 190,951 97,782 36,986 300,687 194,592 90,008 15,893 276,206 140, 202 114,887 20,403 10,345 4,839 4, 831 2, 730, 208 2,134,743 879,687 98.9 3S. 39.2 99.1 80.4 39.6 18.6 10.1 Married. Number. Per cent. 1, 314, 860 1,088,635 1,962 57,964 328,640 371,956 553,088 34.7 89.4 27.6 10.0 57.0 93.5 40.2 16.7 31.7 85.0 26:0 7.7 41.5 86.6 35.6 13.4 39.0 765, 016 650, 760 243, 190 187,230 1,088,318 707,232 301,050 78, 059 782, 080 499, 128 235,947 48,350 790,763 406, 204 326,981 57,086 61,537 30,081 26, 875 2, 497, 636 2, 161, 491 874,527 898,922 646, 413 202,267 170, 056 1,204,359 832,165 298,970 71, 951 783,410 513, 780 227,631 41,387 457, 802 201, 670 202,659 52,244 47, 401 23,812 19,401 3,966 78.7 38.5 17.2 9.7 542,400 22,015 246,710 274,083 210,192 12,970 128,285 88,782 547,328 62.7 24,149 14.6 56.6 54. 0.7 19.1 59.0 77.8 75.1 57.7 10.3 69.4 74 2 39. 6.2 57.3 72.3 317, 691 205,063 12,893 716 7,862 4,297 3, 925, 623 2,976,891 5,713 200,804 1, 107, 740 1,128,657 1,480,867 87.8 26.0 9.2 61.0 93.0 35.6 14.1 31.9 84.7 25.4 8.0 39.2 83.0 30.9 13.3 37.5 38. 77, 34.7 16.0 8.4 37.5 86,7 23.1 7. 47. 91. 31. 11. 27. 86. 26. 7.8 1,672,510 94,070 825, 619 651, 159 898,403 36,445 412, 336 248,266 1,568,941 71,044 937,541 666,861 86,523 5,818 56,431 22, 977 3, 798, 083 3,098,148 8,152 193,911 996,484 1,017,248 1,580,236 Widowed. Num- ber.' Per cent, 121,997 106, 199 21 632 6,443 13,769 101,970 72.0 77.6 61.7 12.8 60.1 66.1 66.3 0.6 20.7 62.1 79.6 77.1 1,817,346 121,388 947, 286 746,300 818,350 42,251 488.947 286, 658 1,09- 769 32, 167 538, 412 523,319 63,243 4,079 38,963 21,897 65.8 11.7 71.4 77.0 45.4 6.6 62.0 76.4 63.2 14.8 73.0 78.4 54.5 18.1 64.9 69.7 57.0 55.8 0.7 21.5 63.4 80.2 78.2 60,620 193 8,789 53,499 14,302 148 4,434 9,702 45,501 199 7,534 37,870 1,454 14 423 1,012 303,384 246,918 103 1, 17,830 39,604 243,317 6.1 6.3 0.2 1.0 2.9 13.8 6.5 0.1 1.9 14.6 2.7 0.1 2.0 10.2 5.2 0.1 1.7 14.2 5.8 0.3 3.2 16.3 4.3 4.6 0) 0.2 1.0 2.8 12.7 66.6 12.6 73.7 78.5 49.4 7, 66.6 79.0 85.7 13.7 71.2 78.0 51.7 14.4 61.1 67.3 134,738 995 22,608 110, 812 47,402 400 13,823 33, 100 112,244 478 17, 768 93, 818 8,873 119 3,172 6,336 301, 398 251,502 110 2, 17, 379 35,406 245,598 148, 887 1,428 26, 695 118, 077 43,608 376 11,942 31,199 101,610 245 11,183 90,026 8,950 149 2,854 5,891 Di- vorced 12, 183 8,106 7 226 1,929 3,518 8,484 8,195 116 3,363 1,911 70 1,127 711 1, 41 848 177 6 105 16,126 8,778 19 452 3,397 4,998 7,226 4.8 0.1 2.0 13.1 3.1 0.1 2, 10, 4.6 0.1 1.4 13.2 6.6 0.3 3.8 16.2 4.5 4.5 « 0.2 1.1 2.8 12.2 4.6 0.1 2.1 12.4 6.1 0.1 1.5 13 7.3 0.5 4.7 18.1 9,362 287 4,761 4,302 3,208 85 1,817 1,299 3,029 77 1,508 1,441 600 20 305 174 40,821 24,176 49 1,346 8,669 10,921 19, 879 FEMALES 15 TEARS OF AGE AND OVER. Total." 2, 401, 996 2,063,373 293,653 311,790 553,639 488,889 771, 104 973,103 217,171 359,789 394,409 672,363 217,997 261,192 102,782 830, 508 183,844 398, 450 267,285 25,274 6,229 12,604 6,366 6,722,832 6,341,428 912, 371 988,239 1, 833, 600 1, 293, 162 1,907,201 23,995 988 11,862 11,268 2.8 8,092 0.1 — 1.6 4,418 3,415 8,898 106 2,387 4,382 1,767 76 1,098 580 2,886,910 833,425 1,169,096 879,971 1, 643, 681 568, 190 721, 795 352,460 2,024,511 432, 781 948,406 641,317 186,026 45,127 86,478 32,837 6, 193, 606 5,234,969 875,379 868,608 1,447,901 1, 147, 1 1,846,141 Single. Number. Per cent. 821,842 715,064 275,367 192,659 173, 594 84,494 94,712 308,888 168,410 88,183 61,631 298, 746 188,448 90,631 19,462 208,082 108,542 78,349 22,882 8,121 4,496 2,897 710 2,189,495 1,781,079 844, 617 543,416 417, 214 188,014 193, 317 3,118,327 966,039 1,247,851 1,708,955 679, 891 789, 113 366, 708 1,253,777 167, 023 624, 153 561,308 109, 124 29,414 52,580 28,589 972, 157 628,956 247, 303 96, 414 728,921 488,161 208, 746 51,339 436, 661 262, 248 131,208 42,588 60, 736 29,831 17, 821 2,950 1, 803, 210 1,878,268 796,889 449,307 306, 684 128,434 119, 408 34 2 34.7 93, 61.8 31 18.0 12.3 31.7 77.5 24.6 13.1 61.8 85.5 36.1 18.9 25.1 66.2 19.2 32.1 72.2 23.0 11.2 32.6 33, 92.6 68.1 25.6 14.6 10.1 33.7 75.2 21.2 11.0 44.3 82.4 28.9 14.6 21.8 80.6 13.8 6.6 30.7 66.1 20.6 30.1 91.0 51.7 21.2 11.2 6.5 Married. Number. Per cent 1,286,344 1,078,704 17,638 116,827 386, 422 360,306 435, 183 618,794 47,609 253,885 214,843 240,421 30,651 149,465 60,194 518,068 54,489 304,008 157,234 12,641 1,66b 8,176 53.6 62.3 6.0 37.6 66.0 74 7 56.4 2,779 43.7 3,774,008 2,923,463 63,222 416,926 1,169,021 1,003,471 1,119,671 934, 780 677,297 196,250 670, 789 469,060 174, 318 36, 878 189,764 90,641 57, 114 21, 691 26,671 18,120 7,260 1,136 30.0 70.1 15,7 39.3 79.2 22.7 10.3 13.5 54.3 10.9 3.9 24.3 61.6 13.8 4.3 1,592,567 200,263 887, 670 623,214 781,971 96,503 474,491 210, 687 1,310,118 167, 666 771,639 370,097 87, 989 14,487 58,025 16,229 3,704,976 3,073,297 73,401 407, 622 1,095,215 938, 486 1,187,096 1,851,319 278, 834 991,094 579,891 919, 008 116, 608 560, 260 241,667 63.1 21.9 70.6 64.6 42.0 141 59,5 58.8 62.1 33.2 76.3 68.8 50.0 28.7 64 9 56.1 54.7 43,0 71,6 77.6 58.7 56.2 24.0 74.2 59.5 47.6 17.0 65.7 59.8 64.7 38.7 81.4 57.7 53.3 32.1 87.1 46.4 59. 58.7 8.4 46.9 75.6 81 84.3 Widowed. Num- ber. Per cent 277, 076 254,692 127 1,254 10,679 29,468 236,062 137, 162 555 12,796 123,568 32,321 321 9,489 22,467 103,234 481 16,451 86,123 4,235 44 1,376 2,796 727,120 817,470 527 5,227 39, 212 94, 486 586,468 59.4 28, 79. 64.5 53.8 20.1 72.8 67.7 304,844 2,591 45,929 266,807 125,463 1,218 35,008 89,092 271,452 1,371 42,767 226,904 25,087 567 9,947 14,456 626,340 545, 894 729 5,470 30,952 67, 481 520,607 11.5 12.3 0.4 1.9 6.3 30.6 141 0.3 3.6 31.3 6.6 0.1 3.8 21.9 12.4 0.3 41 32.2 16 0.7 10.9 43.9 10. 11.6 0.1 0.5 2.4 7.3 30, 869,287 69, 74,984 44, 443,032 84.6 360,731 62.5 62,020 10,282 37,854 13,851 56.8 35.0 71.6 52.1 297,411 3,734 44,118 248,920 103,320 1,176 27,250 74,782 20,574 185,086 18, 294 824 6,371 11,185 10.6 0.3 3.9 29.1 7.8 0.2 4 9 25.3 13.4 0.3 4.5 35.4 16.2 1.3 11.5 44.0 10.1 10.4 0.1 0.6 2.1 5,9 28.2 Di- vorced. 9.5 0.4 3.6 27.7 6.1 0.2 3.5 21.0 16.5 0.4 3.9 33.0 16, 2.1 12.1 42.0 14,161 10,586 3,586 4,192 6,634 9,254 408 4,728 4,102 2,21s 175 1,429 610 2,436 121 1,468 845 236 11 147 73 20,716 12,124 161 1,423 6,471 6,326 6,296 11,846 964 7,089 3,778 4,279 327 2,792 1,157 3,773 214 2,339 1,212 787 83 567 134 45,829 30,007 499 4,033 13,392 12,490 15,333 27,031 3,088 15,111 8,775 10,611 916 8,479 3,104 8,338 251 3,024 3,066 1,881 271 1,225 381 > Total Includes persons whose marital condition was not reported. 2 Totals include persons of unknown age. 8 Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. 158 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. MARITAL CONDITION OF THE POPULATION 15 YEARS OP AGE AND OVER FOR THE UNITED STATES AND DIVISIONS: 1910— Continued. Table 33— Continued. DIVISION, CLASS OF POPULATION, AND AGE PERIOD. WEST NORTH CENTRAL. All classes: 15 years of age and over: * 1910 1900 1910 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 years and over Native white— Native parentage: 15 years and over 2 15 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 years and over Native white — For. or mixed par. 15 years and over 2 IS to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 years and over Foreign-bom white: 15 years and over 2 15 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 years and over Negro: 15 years and overs 15 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 years and over SOUTH ATLANTIC. All classes: 15 years of age and over: ' 1910 1900 1910 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 46 years and over Native white— Native parentage: 15 years and overa 15 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 years and over Native white — For. or mixed par. 15 years and over 2 15 to 24 years 2S to 44 years 45 years and over Foreign-bom white: 15 years and over 2 15 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 years and over Negro: 15 years and over 2 15 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 years and over EAST SOUTH CENTRAL. All classes : 15 years of age and over: 2 1910 1900 1910 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 46 years and over Native white — Native parentage: 16 years and over 2 15 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 years and over Native white — For. or mixed par.; 16 years and over ' 15 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 46 years and over Foreign-born white: 16 years and over 2 15 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 46 years and over Negro: 15 years and over 2 15 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 years and over MALES 15 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER. Total.i 4,214,656 3,566,391 699,264 603,739 994,988 768, 184 1,230,666 2,125,364 667,865 864,656 590,374 1,064,797 395,312 477,217 190,962 912,638 111,052 378,905 419,420 96,646 24,327 46,312 25,179 3,821,777 3,165,702 635,530 579,468 900,210 676,420 1,017,771 2,296,628 728, 274 937,998 624,295 145,427 39,818 83,804 41,638 163, 476 29,352 78,240 66, 149 1,213,070 416,472 494,773 295,418 2,622,924 2,288,793 449, 105 391,982 612,192 452,699 708,681 1,683,289 546, 571 678,837 464, 069 80,761 18,706 37, 980 23,979 48,666 6,168 18, 032 25,262 809,179 270,317 329,466 205, 045 Single. Number. Per cent. 1,706,596 1,486,138 589,591 480,054 383, 627 138,841 109,823 844,335 581,877 215,561 43,979 551,045 365,377 162,470 22,598 267,674 98,067 128,192 40,405 37,701 20,467 14,556 2,499 1,408,947 1,266,020 618,898 386,890 248,107 82,931 68,666 867,630 615, 179 198,615 42,210 63,513 36,452 21,485 5,510 54,060 26,227 22,891 5,709 431,943 328,047 87,399 14,949 916, 547 882,591 436, 288 243,531 146,248 47, 929 40, 266 598,097 447,710 123, 113 26,040 32,649 17,113 12,391 3,007 12,092 4,468 5,081 2,509 272,322 209,278 53,426 8,634 40.5 41.8 98.4 79.5 18.1 39.7 87.1 25.2 7.4 51.8 92.4 34.0 11.8 29.3 88.3 33.8 9.6 39.0 84.1 31.4 36.9 39.7 97.4 66.8 27.6 12.3 6.7 37.4 84.5 21.2 6.8 43.7 91.6 33.7 13.2 33.1 85.9 29.3 10.4 35.6 78.8 17.7 5.1 34.9 38.6 96.9 02.1 23.9 10.0 5.7 36.6 81.9 18.1 5.7 40.3 91.6 32.6 12.5 24 86.6 28.2 33.7 77.4 16.2 4.2 Married. Number. Per cent. 2, 279, 407 1, 893, 846 4,038 117,330 692,008 599,587 963,428 1,164,161 79,682 612,922 469,724 481,792 26,259 304,268 150,897 575,487 11,485 241,912 321,577 49,704 3,456 28,423 17,537 2,211,053 1,749,894 12,188 184,925 629,008 663,066 816, 619 1, 333, 187 107,743 715,217 508,634 75,131 3,068 40,624 31,375 98,714 3,926 53,765 40,892 701,837 82,183 381,358 234,839 1,662,737 1,282,622 11,214 141,218 444, 852 380,437 571,221 1,002,826 94,337 635,380 371,818 44, 400 1,. 24,493 18,370 31,792 663 12, .MS 18,562 473, 135 56, 860 262, 693 162,263 64.1 63.3 0.7 19.4 59.5 78.1 78.3 54.8 11.9 71.7 79.6 46.2 6.6 63. 79.0 63.1 10.3 63. 76.7 51.4 14.2 61.4 67.9 55.3 1 31.9 83.2 80.2 58.1 14.8 76.2 81.5 61.7 7.7 63.7 76.4 60.4 13.4 68.7 74.1 57.9 19.7 77.1 79.6 59. 56.0 2.5 36.0 72.7 84.1 80., 59.6 17.3 78. 81.9 65.0 8.0 64.5 76.6 66.6 12.7 G9.6 73.4 68.5 20.7 70.7 79.1 Widowed. Num- ber. Per cent. 179, 162 160, 608 90 1,374 11,106 22,010 143,979 88,198 996 17,468 69,406 22,912 210 7,150 16,494 59,984 98 6,836 53,916 7,287 146 2,440 4,621 174, 957 139,982 261 3,794 17,458 26, 135 126,589 91,768 1,539 19,625 70,356 5,804 47 1,291 4,456 9,418 41 1,218 8,141 67,831 2,425 21,427 43,535 133, 432 110,485 254 4,276 16,006 20, 504 91,808 72, 201 1,837 16,647 53,501 3,208 21 802 2,381 4,361 6 318 4,028 53,596 2, 661 18,724 31,856 4.3 4.2 («) 0.2 1.1 2.9 11.7 4.1 0.1 2.0 11.8 2.2 0.1 1.5 8.1 6.6 0.1 1.6 12.9 7.5 0.6 5.3 18.4 4.6 4.4 m 0.7 1 3.9 12.4 4.0 0.2 2.1 11.3 4.0 0.1 2.0 10.7 5.8 0.1 1 14.8 6.6 0.6 4 14.7 5.1 4.8 0.1 1.1 2.6 4.5 13.0 4.3 0.3 2.6 11.8 4.0 0.1 2.1 9.9 9.0 0.1 1.8 16.9 6.6 1.0 6.7 15.5 Di- vorced 22, 938 12,947 zi 770 4,671 6,133 11,240 13,460 647 6,587 6,266 4,128 138 2,228 1,756 3,935 38 1,150 2,734 1,300 77 761 465 10,579 5,913 50 737 2,848 2,852 4,051 5,360 378 2,816 2,162 539 18 287 232 391 14 154 221 4,277 377 2,440 1, 12,796 6,611 87 1,342 3,831 3,165 4,302 5,464 607 2,752 2,077 465 1 249 197 201 4 63 134 6,662 799 3,928 1,""' FEMALES 15 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER. Total.i 3,711,981 3,130,469 585,329 669,418 880,989 658,907 1,020,291 1,960,292 664,461 783,426 607,620 1,024,390 395,274 461,897 166,352 637,826 66,459 250,113 320,497 86,714 24,850 39,916 21,371 3,794,991 3,202,666 664,262 614,067 916, 189 649,376 952,427 2,271,647 741, 740 926,460 600,189 151,502 40,629 68,068 42,606 108,652 17, 547 47,962 42,947 1,260,627 467,467 522,126 268,021 2,686,311 2, 263, 258 4(5,947 422,195 629,084 440,609 631,686 1,C32,&57 655, 552 664,566 410,164 86, 995 20,269 41,954 24,678 34,526 3,272 11,941 19,246 831,243 298,801 360,951 177,436 Single. Number. 1,100,837 949, 498 525,650 286,879 178,190 61,598 46,867 580,402 447, 625 109,128 22,464 420,277 309,411 97,661 12,886 76,027 37,662 27,534 10,670 21,322 15,245 5,203 800 1,122,814 1,041,220 548,359 264,652 166,847 67,890 82,733 691, 194 482, 258 147,494 60,376 57,276 32,013 18,736 6,430 18,308 9,304 5,773 3,166 355,312 278,881 62,624 12,703 694,210 676, 768 365,898 154, 128 95,741 37,198 39, 722 460, 893 335,675 85,438 28,997 30, 869 16, 996 11,444 3,389 4,511 1,696 1,590 1,210 207,791 166,545 34,443 6,119 Per cent. 29.7 30.3 51.3 20.2 29.8 68.4 13.9 4.4 41.0 78.3 21.1 7.7 11.9 66.7 11.0 3.3 24.6 61.3 13.0 3.7 29.6 32.5 41.5 18.2 10.6 8.7 30.4 66.0 15.9 10.1 37.8 78.8 27.5 15.1 16.9 53.0 12.0 7.4 28.2 69.7 12.0 4.8 26.8 29.9 80.3 36.5 16.2 8.4 6.3 27.6 60.4 12.9 7.1 35.6 78.9 27.3 13 13.1 61.8 13.3 6.3 25.0 66. 9. 3.4 Married. Number. Per cent 2,241,834 1,879,354 63,868 264, 110 676,378 663,582 692,497 1,183,403 198,534 637,819 346, 518 547,314 81,817 346,095 119,080 454,262 27,878 212,467 213,604 48,697 8,629 28,592 11,266 2, 216, 806 1,767,898 99,382 342,267 699,902 511,436 560,171 1, 349, 377 251,029 732,134 364,948 7,7,892 8', 181 45, 183 24,472 70,996 8,079 39,695 23,161 716,955 173,971 393,539 147, 182 1,569,716 1,282,274 84,491 260,942 490,091 351,953 379, 264 1,012,471 211, 869 541,817 257,711 45, 771 4,029 27,641 14,074 20,602 1,633 9,708 9,334 480,406 117,876 262,641 98,043 60.4 60.0 9.2 47.2 76.7 84.0 67.9 60.7 30.3 81.4 68.1 53.4 20.7 74.9 71.6 71.2 41.9 84.9 66.6 56.2 34.7 71.6 52.7 58.4 64.9 15.2 55.7 76.4 78.8 58.8 69.4 33.8 79.0 60.8 51.4 20.1 66.4 57.4 65.3 46.0 82.8 53. 66.9 37.2 76.4 65.3 60.3 56.7 18.5 69.4 77.9 79.9 60.0 62.0 38.1 81.5 62.8 62.6 19 66.9 67.0 69.7 46.9 81.3 48.5 67.8 39.4 74.8 56.3 Widowed. Num- ber. 332,341 281,159 587 3,763 18,764 36,784 271,581 9.0 9.0 C.l 0.7 2.1 5.6 26.6 164,973 2,735 27,390 134,425 47,833 712 14,219 32,827 103,061 256 8,631 94,001 14,920 613 5,100 9,017 429,174 385,958 2,350 12,905 42,646 65,306 304,184 218, 161 4,514 41,419 171,768 15,245 172 3,601 11,448 18,812 86 2,253 16,434 176,715 10,476 60,631 104,368 305, 378 287,463 2,674 12,420 35,073 46,313 207,382 158,100 4, 070 32, 300 120,760 9,505 105 2,407 6,972 9,203 30 566 8,686 128,500 10,286 46,089 71,010 Per cent. 8.5 0.4 3.6 26.5 4.7 0.2 3.1 19.7 16.2 0.4 3.5 29.3 17.2 2.6 12.8 42.2 11.3 12.1 0.4 2.1 4.7 10.1 31.9 9.6 0.6 4.5 28.6 10.1 0.4 5.3 26.9 17.3 0.6 4.7 38.3 14.0 2.2 11.6 39.2 11.8 12.7 0.6 2.9 6.6 10.5 32.8 9.7 0.8 4.9 29.4 10.9 0.5 5.7 28.3 26.7 0.9 4, 44.6 15.5 3.4 13.1 40.0 Di- vorced. 24,707 15,903 373 2,465 7,179 6,423 8,213 14,835 1,977 8,146 4,67S 5,114 49S 3,192 1,419 3,171 116 1,222 1,827 1,441 228 959 247 16,021 11,078 524 2,390 5,350 4,053 7,621 1,285 4,256 2,066 716 66 446 204 316 21 181 114 7,363 1,541 4,617 1,267 21, 012 13,095 892 3,681 7,364 4,726 4,267 8,227 1,797 4,318 2,098 673 65 400 207 134 5 61 11,973 2,705 7,309 1,882 • Total includes persons whose marital condition was not reported. 2 Totals include persons of unlcnown age. 3 Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. MARITAL CONDITION. 159 MARITAL CONDITION OF THE POPULATION 15 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER FOR THE UNITED STATES AND DIVISIONS: 1910— Continued. Table 33— Continued. DIVISION, CLASS OP POPULATION, AND AGE PERIOD. MALES 15 TEAKS OF AGE AND OVER. Total.i WEST SOUTH CENTRAL. All classes: Ifi years of age and over: ' 1910 1900 1910 18 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 46 years and over Native white— Native parentage: 15 years and overs 15 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 years and over Native white— For. ormixedpar.: 16 years and over > 15 to 24 years 26 to 44 years 45 years and over Foreign-born white: 15 years and over ' 16 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 46 years and over Negro: 16 years and over * 15 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 years and over MOUNTAIN. All classes* 16 years of age and over: " 1910 1900 1910 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 26 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 years and over Native white— Native parentage: ' 15 years and over ' 15 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 years and over Native white— For. or mixed par.: 15 years and over 2 16 to 24 years 26 to 44 years 45 years and over Foreign-horn white: 16 years and over ' 15 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 years and over Negro: 15 years and over ' 15 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 years and over PACIFIC. All classes: 15 years of age and over: " 1910 1900 1910 16 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 26 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 years and over Native white— Native parentage: 15 years and over* 15 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 years and over Native white— For. or mixed par.: 16 years and over » 15 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 46 years and over Foreign-born white: 15 years and over' 15 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 years and over Negro: 15 years and over » 15 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 years and over 2,818,469 2,004,276 471,689 430,918 693,116 503, 106 707,783 1,803,041 598,452 761,963 436,673 194,643 63,713 86, 775 43,866 185,592 28,249 78,407 78,124 613,200 204,374 260,168 145,045 1,062,845 655, 270 121,587 155, 518 292, 758 213, 966 271, 611 528, 193 151, 490 240, 906 131,509 212,436 69,327 101,692 41,128 273,805 45, 117 140,580 85, 855 9,819 1,849 5,549 2,332 1, 849, 685 1,016,733 185,821 243,857 495, 149 376,693 534, 498 828,595 213, 368 372, 498 234, 712 369,536 117,963 175,240 76, 869 536, 966 76,417 265,583 192, 264 13,334 2,661 7,246 3,308 Single. Married. Number. Per cent. 1,030,122 786,284 459,063 283,027 180,866 58,022 46,004 671,226 496,889 146,892 26,496 85,357 56,162 23,997 5,097 53,711 23,258 21,734 8,443 211,696 159,719 44,712 6,481 478,910 310,068 119,613 125, 433 133,829 52, 798 45,551 231,880 132,891 79,690 18,273 107, 427 62, 716 36, 502 8,102 118,841 40, 210 61,274 16,886 4, 1,571 2,214 36.6 39.2 97.3 65.7 26.1 11.5 6.5 37.2 83.0 19.3 5.9 43.9 88.1 27.7 11.6 28.9 82.3 27.7 10.8 34.6 78.2 17.2 4.5 46.1 47.3 45.7 24.7 16.8 43.9 87.7 33.1 13.9 50.6 90.6 35.9 19.7 43.4 89.1 43.6 19.7 43.9 85.0 39.9 Number. Per cent 1,620, 1,103,620 8,576 140,003 488,829 417,320 561,971 1,038,439 95, 018 588,567 353,491 100,725 6,965 69,996 33,623 116,799 4,649 54,004 57,898 362,097 40,500 196,719 113,088 626, 887 307,920 1,030 28,487 152,860 151, 473 190,973 497 21.3 866, 579 498, 139 183, 882 205,620 258, 149 111, 104,011 363, 117 190, 964 137, 290 33, 443 199,994 109, 659 73, 957 16, 188 237,877 68,847 126, 134 41, 945 6,219 2,333 3,159 700 46.9 49.0 99.0 84,3 52.1 29.7 19.5 43.8 89.5 36.9 14.2 54.1 93.0 42.2 21.3 44.3 90.1 47.5 21.8 46.6 87, 43.6 21.2 265,709 17,220 152, 823 95,062 96,937 6,078 62, 184 28,554 139,284 4,678 76,122 58,349 4,673 255 2,970 67.5 56.1 1.8 32.5 70.5 82.9 79.4 57.6 16.9 77.2 81.1 61.7 10.9 69.1 76.7 62.9 16.1 68.9 74.1 57.4 19.8 75.6 78.0 49.5 47.0 0.8 18.3 52.2 70.8 70.3 1,419 60.8 864, 661 454,177 1,004 35,461 224,348 245, 512 366,995 407,521 20,646 220, 409 165,770 153, 806 7,637 95,560 50,464 261, 033 6,522 129,978 124, 166 6,123 302 3,731 2,065 50, 11.4 63. 72.3 45.6 8.8 61.1 69.4 50. 10. 54.1 68.0 47.6 13.8 53.5 46.7 44.7 0.5 14.5 45.3 65.2 66 Widowed. Num- ber. Per cent, 139,116 98,847 225 4,056 17, 271 23,494 93,393 76,896 1,949 21,326 63,331 6,920 120 2,087 4, 13,279 111 2,048 11,046 40,899 2,044 14,913 23,648 40,664 27,166 25 376 3,152 6,696 30,247 21,042 233 6,118 15,604 6,657 52 1,871 3,713 11,593 52 2,147 9,354 574 4.3 0.3 2.8 12.2 3.6 0.2 2.4 10.7 7.2 0.4 2.6 14.1 6.7 1.0 6.7 16. 3.8 4.1 e) 0.2 1.1 3.1 11.1 4.0 0.2 2.1 11.9 2.7 0.1 1 9.0 4.2 0.1 1.6 10.9 .6.8 0.4 215 3. 9 349 15.0 77, 290 46,269 21 431 4,786 11,083 60, 799 49.2 9.7 59.2 70.6 41.6 6.5 54.5 66.6 48.6 8.5 48.9 64.6 45.9 11.3 51.5 62.4 36,735 230 7, 28, 787 10,966 107 3,229 7,607 26, 736 79 4,117 22,491 706 11 2: 453 Di- vorced 13,769 6,931 63 1,201 3,976 3,338 5,121 6,857 646 3,492 2, — 847 37 461 346 845 20 286 638 5,098 644 3,012 1,516 8,168 3,842 21 265 1,636 2,266 3,950 4.2 4.6 (.') 0.2 1.0 2.9 11.4 4.4 0.1 2.0 12.3 3.0 0.1 1.8 10.0 5.0 0.1 1.6 11.7 5.3 0.4 3.3 13.7 4,519 160 2,199 2,143 1,605 69 868 677 1,600 29 571 991 179 8 112 57 18, 802 6,927 14 393 3,624 5,507 9,220 FEMALES 15 TEABS OF AGE AND OVEE. Total.' 2,669,043 1,829,601 475,118 434,844 650,266 436,581 655,632 1,618,827 691,033 681,334 343,684 182,903 64,215 82,500 35,909 129,823 22,157 55,027 52,144 607,240 224,898 259,799 119,582 761,794 457,435 113,653 114, 793 200,497 146, 790 174,934 10,244 232 105 2,243 1,543 4,270 47 1,571 2,642 186 7 105 73 403, 138 134, 765 179,661 87,251 179,157 65,971 86,140 26,857 139,211 19,264 67, 199 52,492 7,650 J ... 4, 1,566 1, 324, 777 726,094 170, 609 182,750 338,917 263,398 365,890 Single. Number. Per cent. 647,723 493,720 378,736 146,286 77,238 23, 80S 20,282 413,689 341,247 59,666 12,061 61,062 44,481 13,668 2,931 18,328 10,929 5,190 2,117 149,980 124,234 22,194 3,084 189,682 115, 137 97,397 46,384 29,384 9,464 6,469 668,799 192, 359 292,049 182,337 339, 195 117,265 161,816 69,736 287,474 36,121 133,958 116,888 10,446 2,464 5,457 2,423 107,398 84,243 19,697 3,126 69,454 46, 156 11,882 1,352 17,348 9,219 6,294 1,777 1,718 1,021 593 92 363, 467 215,796 152,951 89,973 71, 834 27, 616 20,287 26.3 27.0 79.7 33.6 11.9 6.5 3.7 26.6 67.7 8.8 3.6 33.4 69.3 16.4 8.2 14.1 49.3 9.4 4.1 24.7 55.2 8.5 2.6 25.2 25.2 85.7 40.4 14.7 6.5 3.7 184,921 130, 679 44, 520 9,222 127, 634 88,533 34, 221 4,742 45,081 19, 780 19, 122 6,052 2,445 1,539 762 132 26,6 62.5 11.0 3.6 33.2 70.0 13, 6.0 12.6 47.9 9.4 3.4 22.5 54.-6 14.2 5.9 27.4 29.7 89.7 49.2 21.2 10.5 5.5 Married. Number. Per cent. 1,614,166 1,100,267 89,685 272,043 632,821 365,530 351,174 1,051,721 239,619 683,580 227,500 104,920 18,839 63,510 22,456 87,633 10,774 45,879 30,728 366,996 89,365 198,331 67,931 484,847 292,622 15,039 66,016 163,095 123,907 115,907 27,6 67.9 15.2 5.1 37.6 75.6 21.1 7.9 15.7 64.8 14.3 6.2 23.4 62.5 14.0 5.4 257,573 48,660 149,895 58,634 107,443 18,881 69,380 19,100 100,126 9,745 66,934 33,338 4,333 762 2,811 751 802, 002 422,178 16, 613 89, 619 252, 949 211,639 229,970 63.1 60.1 18.9 62.6 81.9 83.7 63.2 65.0 40.6 8,5.7 66.2 67.4 29.3 77.0 62.6 67.5 48.6 83.4 58.9 58.8 39.7 76.3 66.8 64.5 64.0 13.2 57.6 81.3 86.0 63.9 36.0 83.4 67.1 60.0 28.6 80.6 71.1 71.9 50.6 84, 63.6 56.6 40.2 67.4 48.0 60.6 68.1 9.7 49 74.6 Widowed. Num- ber. Per cent. 271, 220, 2, 11 32; 42, 179, 141,586 6,872 33,436 101,951 16,439 427 4,696 10,265 22,882 266 3,571 18,922 88,964 7,994 33,395 46,773 67,481 44,609 194 1,118 5,318 10,389 60,212 32,645 702 7,413 24,386 10,131 281 3,772 6,052 154 3,378 16,802 1,341 50 602 682 140,049 79,930 172 1,367 8,833 18,840 10.6 12.1 0.6 2.7 5.1 9.8 32.3 8.7 1.0 4, 29.7 8.4 0.7 5.7 28.6 17.6 1.2 6.5 36.3 14.6 3.6 12.9 39.1 9.0 0.2 1.0 2.7 7.1 28.7 404,160 59, 268 228, 228 116, 926 183,883 27,663 117, 536 38,630 194, 913 16,937 107,310 71, 452 5,912 834 3,847 1,205 60.4 30.8 78.1 63.6 54.2 23.5 72.6 64.7 67.8 44.1 80.1 61.1 56.6 33.8 70.5 49.7 110,493 30.2 68, 678 872 13,296 54,339 23,061 360 7,200 15,455 44, 455 203 6,049 38, 114 1,785 61 681 1,039 8.1 0.5 4.1 27.9 5.7 0.4 4.4 22.6 14.6 0.8 5.0 32.0 17.5 2.7 14.4 43.6 10.6 11.0 0.1 0.7 2,6 7.2 Di- vorced. 18,639 11,411 796 3,439 6,648 4,045 3,729 10.3 0.6 4.6 6.8 0.3 4.4 25.9 15.5 0.6 4.5 32.6 17.1 2.1 12,5 42, 7,664 1,770 4,111 1,761 1,011 174 616 216 659 73 316 267 9,136 2,170 5,465 1,450 7,377 3,861 165 847 2,385 1,887 2,078 4,075 576 2,409 1,082 1,593 248 1,012 330 1,076 38 530 506 224 39 146 39 16,617 6,582 163 1,454 4,987 5,128 4,846 9,500 998 5,767 2,713 4,094 438 2,768 2,639 111 1,349 1,173 245 35 161 46 1 Total includes persons whose marital condition was not reported. ^ Totals include persons of unknown age. a Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. 160 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. MARITAL CONDITION OP THE POPULATION 15 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER, BY STATES: 1910. Table 33 DIVISION, STATE, AND CLASS Or POPULATION. NEW ENGLAND. Maine Native white— Native parentage Native white— Foreign or mixed par. . Foreign-born wliite Negro New Hampshire Native white— Native parentage Native white— Foreign or mixed par.. Foreign-bom white Negro Vermont Native wliite— Native parentage Native wliite- Foreign or mixed par.. Foreign-born white Negro Massachusetts Native white— Native parentage Native white — Foreign or mixed par. Foreign-bom white Negro Rhode Island Native white— Native parentage Native white— Foreign or mixed par., Foreign-born white Negro C onnecticut Native white— Native parentage Native white— Foreign or mixed par. Foreign-bom white Negro MIDDLE ATLANTIC. New York Native white — Native parentage Native white— Foreign or mixed par. Foreign-born white Negro New Jersey Native white — Native parentage Native white— Foreign or mixed par. Foreign-bom white Negro Pennsylvania Native white — Native parentage Native white— Foreign or mixed par. Foreign-bom white Negro EAST NORTH CENTRAL. Ohio Native white — Native parentage Native white — Foreign or mixed par. Foreign-bom white Negro Indiana Native white— Native parentage Native white— Foreign or mixed par. Foreign-bom white Negro Illinois Native white— Native parentage Native white— Foreign or mixed par. Foreign-bom white Negro Michigan Native white— Native parentage Native white— Foreign or mixed par. Foreign-bom white Negro Wisconsin Native white — Native parentage Native white— Foreign or mixed par. Foreign-bom white Negro WEST NORTH CENTRAL. Minnesota Native white— Native parentage Native white— Foreign or mixed par. Foreign-bom white Negro MALES 16 TEAKS OF AGE AND OVEK. Total. 1 271,942 184,306 36,109 63,515 554 159,970 87, 153 25,223 47,286 229 132,793 81,917 23,832 25,971 1,054 1,197,828 388,440 298,033 494,256 14,237 195, 731 57,503 50,088 84,260 3,510 140,456 94,444 167,269 6,371 3,333,279 1,096,881 840,414 1,336,493 51,428 914,768 339, 326 205,558 335,718 32,831 2,749,660 1,380,473 486,375 807,374 72,613 1,755,663 1,026,164 364,009 329,952 44,894 979,564 726,448 134,958 93,911 23,848 2,071,223 860, 193 630,761 642,776 45,199 1,033, 408,213 295, 782 319,129 7,087 829,051 201,512 341,962 280, 951 1, 773,283 171,964 283,056 311,629 3,657 Single. Num- ber. 95,261 59,313 18,674 16,837 250 57,073 26,584 14, 017 16,348 95 45,667 27,296 9,914 7,584 765 479, 048 140,370 174,172 157, 136 5,941 78,502 21,915 29,371 25,641 1,404 160,274 60,885 54, 539 62,660 1, "' 1,327,337 438, 734 433, 787 428,955 21, 151 346,544 127,941 106,680 98,895 12,228 1,056,327 621, 643 241,593 262,913 28,158 634,137 379,346 145,585 91,066 17,774 333, 109 249,382 48,662 25,762 9,045 813,770 331,991 269,692 193,323 17,441 373,079 142,417 145, 641 81,185 2,610 343, 440 101, 223 173,930 66,467 631 362,119 86,030 171,389 101, 836 1,772 Per cent. 34.6 32.2 51.7 31.5 45.1 36.7 30.5 55.6 34.6 41.5 34.3 33.3 41.6 29.2 72.6 40.0 36.1 68.4 31.8 41.7 40.1 38.1 68.6 30.4 40.0 39.3 36.2 57.7 31.6 35.2 39.8 40.0 51.6 32.1 41.1 37, 37.7 51.9 29.5 37.2 38.4 37.8 49.7 32.6 36.1 37.0 41.1 27.6 39.6 34.0 34.3 36, 27.4 37.9 39.0 50.8 39.1 38.6 36.1 34.9 49.2 25.4 36.8 41.4 50.2 60.9 23.7 43.9 46.8 50.0 60.6 32.7 48.5 Married. Num- ber. 158,941 109,418 15,866 33, 174 91,064 62,419 10,240 28,246 111 77,671 48,153 12,752 16,510 248 655,740 221,584 115, 191 310, 195 7,391 105,671 31,218 18,940 63,469 1,860 225,773 79, 608 37, 173 105,732 3,034 1,840,960 592,718 377,570 840,237 27,436 524,166 192, 993 92,299 219, 719 18,649 1,560,397 786,799 226,534 506,985 39,439 1, 022, 124 688,845 193,578 216,239 23,210 586,360 433,233 79,676 60,006 12,327 1,143,793 464,248 244,414 410,953 23,361 602, 102 240,128 140, 801 215,998 3,794 444,704 90,892 169,881 191,563 651 373,701 76,666 106,436 188, 368 1,618 Per cent. 67.8 59.4 43.9 62.0 44.9 56.9 60.1 40.6 59.7 48.6 58.5 68.8 63.6 63.6 23.5 54.7 57.0 38.7 62. 51.9 54.0 64.3 37.8 63.6 53.0 65.3 56.7 39.4 63.2 56.5 66, 64.0 44.9 62.9 63.3 67.3 56.9 44.9 65.4 56.8 66, 67.0 46.6 62, 54.3 68.2 57.4 54.7 65.5 51.7 69.8 59.6 59.0 63.9 51.7 55.2 64.6 46.1 63.9 51.7 68.3 58.8 47.6 07.7 53.5 53.6 45.1 46.8 68.2 46.6 46.3 44.6 37.2 60.4 44.2 Widowed. Num- ber. Per cent. 17,631 13,063 1,302 3,086 46 9,820 6,668 720 2,412 18 8,281 6,639 997 1,717 27 66,800 23,076 7,648 26,379 753 9,832 3,641 1,383 4,687 19,733 8,733 2,352 8,220 402 145,844 54,712 25,721 62,606 2,533 39,812 16,361 6,779 16,882 1,775 117,728 63,663 15,902 33, 757 4,365 83,738 47,683 12,467 20,412 3,162 49, 604 35,339 6,342 6, 1, 86, 077 36,680 12,241 33,998 3,232 47,409 19, 895 7,138 19,636 498 34,570 7,190 6,420 20,625 29,356 6,033 4,269 18, 686' 1871 6.4 7.1 3.6 5.8 8.3 6.1 7.7 2.9 5.1 7.9 6.2 6.8 4.2 6.6 2.6 4.7 6.9 2.5 6.1 6.3 6.0 6.2 2.8 6.6 5.9 4.8 6.2 2.5 4.9 7.5 4.4 5.0 3.1 4.7 4.9 4.4 4.8 2.8 4.7 5.4 4.3 4.6 3.3 4.2 6.0 4.8 4.6 3.5 6.2 7.0 5.1 4.9 4.0 7.4 8.3 4.2 4.S 2.3 5.3 7.2 4.6 4.9 2.4 6.2 7.0 4.2 3.6 1 7.3 7.4 3.8 3.6 1.6 6.0 6.1 Di- vorced. 2,636 2,146 226 252 9 1,698 1,236 182 177 4 1,141 851 164 121 14 4,331 2,603 878 869 87 1,097 603 235 226 32 1,380 857 ffl6 266 31 7,436 3,784 1,692 1,T75 164 1,652 824 296 343 7,138 4,754 l," 911 248 10,694 6,921 1,971 1,144 558 7,865 6,044 942 469 418 11,008 6,740 2,352 2,277 636 7,479 4,102 1,637 1,594 130 3,875 1,188 1,190 1,424 2,835 969 681 1,119 38 TEMALES 16 TEAKS OF AGE AND OVEB. Total. 1 264,363 181,062 34,862 47,659 495 157,877 88,686 26,682 42,386 211 124,884 79, 879 24, 689 19,988 320 1,259,896 418,954 329, Oil 497,089 14,576 197,320 58,123 54, 197 81,202 397, 656 146,409 103, 012 142, 182 6,983 3,291,714 1,121,755 909,613 1,201,766 56,485 884,483 348,032 220,260 281,245 34,868 2,546,635 1,417,123 613, 818 641,500 73,673 1,667,482 1,016,202 376,287 234,883 40,052 925,273 707,629 136,664 69,077 21,818 1,901,666 810,929 551,404 499, 129 39,961 944,683 ■ 389, 159 299, 472 247, 577 6,194 764,606 194, 408 343,128 213,111 1, — 640, 950 147, 783 274, 182 213, 947 2,334 Single. Num- ber. 72,643 46,961 15, 108 10,208 192 46,908 23,179 12,948 10,693 84 32,963 21,144 8,426 3,; 84 466, 040 148,497 178, 439 133, 251 4,783 70, 730 20,029 28, 977 20,576 1,108 133,658 48,878 52,847 30,046 1,870 1, 109, 671 387,512 408,960 294,396 18,268 279,432 115, 679 98,627 54,789 10,302 800,392 468,966 221,334 87,476 22,166 481,784 307,598 132,806 30,763 10,596 242,128 187,713 43,044 6,105 5,238 677,197 261,523 234,696 82, 172 8,860 256,062 104,583 118, 941 30,475 1,520 246, 039 83,363 141,402 20,249 357 224, 076 59,930 134,653 28,317 641 Per cent. 27.4 26.9 43.3 21.4 38.8 29.7 26.1 48.7 26.2 26.4 26.6 34.1 16.5 26. 35.4 64.2 26.8 32.8 35.8 34.5 53.5 25.3 30.0 33.6 33.4 51.3 21.1 31.3 33.7 34.6 46.0 24.5 32.3 31.6 33.2 44.8 19.6 29.5 31.4 33.1 43.1 16.2 30.1 Married. Num- ber. Per cent. 166,536 107,319 17,062 31,756 217 89,367 60,467 12,021 26,766 97 76,681 47,608 14, 155 13,713 199 644, 531 206,461 131,046 299,648 7,232 102,938 29,091 21,968 60,002 1,841 217,302 75,848 44,179 94,184 3,055 1,793,658 697,958 426,515 739,251 28,677 606,986 192,633 106,193 188,853 19,256 1,473,465 801,976 249,263 382, 012 40,156 30.3 35.3 13.1 26, 26.2 26.5 .31.5 10. 24.0 30.4 31.0 42.6 16.6 22.2 27.1 26.9 39.7 12.3 24.6 42.9 41.2 9.6 32.6 991,870 600,780 208,993 169,425 22,641 576,524 443,992 80,784 39, 498 12,204 1,113,992 471,887 281,090 337,893 23,061 687,263 239,877 162,988 179,422 3,576 435,336 94,783 185,153 163,049 549 36.0 40.6 49.1 13.2 27.5 360,136 74, 495 128,907 153,731 1,328 69.3 48.9 66.6 43.8 66.9 46.2 63.1 46.0 60, 59.6 57.3 68.6 62.2 61.2 49.3 39.8 60.3 49.6 62.2 50.1 40.5 61.6 49.9 54. 51.8 42.9 66.2 51.1 54.5 63.3 46.9 61.5 50.6 57.3 65.3 48.2 67.1 55.2 67. 66.6 48.5 70.5 54.5 59.6 59.1 65.5 67.9 66.5 62.3 62.7 59.1 66.9 56.9 58.6 68.2 61.0 67.7 67.7 61.6 54.4 72.6 57.7 67.7 48.8 64.0 71.8 50.0 56.2 60.4 47.0 71.9 66.9 Widowed. Num- ber. 32,444 24,475 2,442 5,416 74 19,836 13,732 i,r" 4,1 15,215 10,350 1,956 2,880 29 143, 519 60,210 18, 192 62,623 2,447 21,521 7,* — 2,822 10,076 673 44, 541 20,466 6,628 17,544 373, 190 129, 138 70,420 164, 167 9,208 94,289 37,926 14,492 36,757 5,112 269,641 137,781 40,551 70,528 10,769 178,798 97,584 31,623 43,448 6,138 96,210 67,741 11,562 13,046 3,861 191,345 77,633 30,769 76,766 7,172 92,424 40,003 16, 103 36,030 67,563 14,450 14,273 38,334 166 51,175 11,407 8,568 30,487 322 Per cent. Di- vorced. 12.; 13.6 7.0 11.4 14.9 12.6 15.6 6.2 11.1 12.3 12.2 13.0 7.9 14.4 9.1 11.4 14.4 5.5 12.6 16.8 10.9 13.6 6.2 12.4 18.2 11.2 14.0 5.4 12.3 16.5 11.3 11.5 7.7 13.7 16.3 10.7 10.9 6.6 13.1 14.7 10. 9.7 7.9 13.0 14.6 10.7 9.6 8.4 18.5 15.3 10.4 9.6 8.5 22.1 17.7 10.1 9.6 5.6 15.2 17.9 2,490 2,048 202 226 11 1,507 1,156 166 183 1 748 150 84 5,968 3,487 1,077 1,299 100 1,577 840 314 369 53 1,619 975 306 275 10,227 4,950 2,347 2,609 10.3 6.0 14.6 15.6 9.0 7.4 4.2 18.0 16.0 1,884 1,040 4ai 334 109 8,(04 6,866 1,631 830 386 12,386 8,274 2,4S7 1,061 664 8,478 6,676 1,010 306 487 13.172 6,723 3,279 2,479 690 7,664 4,026 1,970 1,374 114 4,289 1,333 1,765 1,119 8.0 7.7 3.1 14.2 13.8 2,996 1,010 922 973 31 1 Total includes persons whose marital condition was not reported. MARITAL CONDITION. 161 MARITAL CONDITION OF THE POPULATION 15 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER, BY STATES: 1910— Continued. Table 33— Ctontinued. DIVISION, STATE, AITO CLASS OF POFUIATION. MALES 15 TEABS OF AGE AND OVEE. ■WEST NORTH CENTRAL— Contd. Iowa Native wliite— Native parentage Native v?lute— Foreign or mixed par.. Foreign-bom white Negro Misaonil Native white — Native parentage Native wMte — Foreign or mixed par.. Foreign-bom wliite Negro ITorth Dakota Native wliite— Native parentage Native white — Foreign or mixed par.. Foreign-bom white Negro South Dakota Native white— Native parentage Native white— Foreign or mixed par. Foreign-bom white Negro Nebraska Native white — Native parentage Native white — Foreign or mixed par. Foreign-bom wMte Negro Kansas Native white— Native parentage Native white — Foreign or mixed par. Foreign-bom white Negro SOUTH ATLANTIC. Native white— Native parentage Native white— Foreign or mixed par. Foreign-bom white Negro Maryland Native white— Native parentage Native white— Foreign or mixed par. Foreign-bom white Negro District of Colnmbla Native white— Native parentage Native white— Foreign or mixed par. Foreign-liom white Negro Vlielnia Native white— Native parentage Native white— Foreign or mixed par. Foreign-bom white Negro — West Tnrginla Native white— Native parentage Native white— Foreign or mixed par. Foreign-bom white Negro North Carolina Native white— Native parentage Native white— Foreign or mixed par. Foreign-bom white Negro Sonth Carolina Native white— Native parentage Native white— Foreign or mixed par. Foreign-bom white Negro Georgia Native white— Native parentage Native white— Foreign or mixed par. Foreign-bom white Negro Florida Native white— Native parentage Native white— Foreign or mixed par. Foreign-bom white Negro Total.' BAST SOUTH CENTRAL. Eentacky Native white— Native parentage Native white— Foreign or mixed par. Foreign-bom wliite Negro Tennessee Native white— Native parentage Native white— Foreign or mixed par. Foreign-bom white Negro 800,459 416,633 223,805 153,433 6,222 1,171,394 784,027 197,943 127,084 61,645 210,192 52,999 68,397 86,403 331 215,201 80,997 70,096 57,481 373 430,112 209,222 117,011 98,635 3,541 614,015 409,522 104,490 78,073 20,877 73,898 45,405 7,963 9,480 11,015 442,299 250,190 63,327 51,194 77, 191 119,832 58,650 16,277 12,344 32, 156 850,073 418, 792 13,001 15,891 202,055 416,171 330,741 18, 796 39,213 27,317 646,759 446,127 2,820 3,546 191,986 434,468 201,725 4,013 3,568 225,020 779,784 422,261 9,256 9,086 338, 942 268,493 121, 737 9,974 19,154 107,388 745,909 583,426 48,975 21,156 92,230 693,173 517,289 14,249 10,662 150,860 Single. Num- ber. 308,673 162,344 105,833 37,907 2,350 435,219 294,618 82,482 33,835 23,967 98,659 26,376 41,731 30,643 190 96,007 37,373 39,023 17,669 170 176,076 86,406 62,318 25,871 1,541 229,804 163,290 48,289 19,913 7,711 16,516 3,907 3,061 4,518 171,025 100,419 27,337 12,928 30,141 48,164 24,382 7,264 4,162 12,132 260,218 159,442 6,078 6,193 79,328 161,746 124,643 7,287 16,600 13,144 234,954 162,390 1,157 1,136 69,483 164,312 76,845 1,731 1,210 75,462 266,406 149,496 4,181 3,132 109,458 94,096 44,497 4,571 6,628 38,277 265,864 206, 767 19,447 4,349 36,239 242,482 180, 783 6,858 2,911 52, 874l Per cent. 39.0 47.3 24.7 37.8 37.2 37.6 41.7 26.6 38.9 46.9 47.9 61.0 36.5 57.4 44.6 46.1 55.7 30.6 45.6 40.9 40.8 53.3 26.3 43.5 37.4 37.4 46.2 26.6 36.9 37.9 36.4 49.1 32.3 41.0 38.7 40.1 43.2 25.3 39.0 40.2 41.6 44.6 33.7 37.7 38.5 38.1 46.8 32.7 39. 38. 37.7 38.8 42.3 48.1 36.3 36.4 41.0 32.0 36.2 35.6 37.6 43.1 33.9 33.5 34.2 35.4 45.2 34.5 32.3 36.4 36. 45.8 34.6 35.6 35.6 35.4 39.7 20.6 38.2 35.0 349 41.1 27.3 35.0 Married. Widowed. Num- ber. Per cent. 447,132 231,338 110,941 101,522 3,221 665,938 444,874 107,660 81,637 31,714 102,080 24,894 24,644 61,207 107 108,368 39,470 28,976 35,820 176 233,273 113,379 61,768 65,653 1,702 348,915 233,551 62,467 61,390 11,166 41,461 26,344 3,720 5,757 5,621 246,717 137,201 33,316 34,518 41,495 64,432 31,082 8,206 7,116 17,863 364,761 239,241 6,189 9,457 109,723 236,044 191,850 10,642 21,034 12,487 382,288 266,376 1,530 2,207 111, 770 269,205 117,608 2,070 2,070 137,488 470,746 254,300 4,646 6,335 206, 386 145,419 70,286 4,813 11,220 69,004 435,835 346,692 27,316 14,335 48,638 409,478 310,019 7,659 6,734 85,020 55.9 65.6 49.6 66.2 61.8 56.9 56.7 54.3 64.2 51.4 43.6 47.0 36.0 59.3 32.3 60.4 48.7 41.3 62.3 47.2 64.2 64.2 44.2 66.6 48.1 66.8 67.0 50.2 66.8 63.6 66.1 58.0 46.7 60.7 61.0 65.8 64.8 52.6 67.4 53.8 63. 53.0 50.4 57.6 55.6 56. 1 57.1 47.6 59.6 54.3 56.7 58.0 56.6 63.6 45.7 59.1 59.5 54.3 62.2 68.2 59.7 68.3 51.6 58.0 61.1 60.4 60.2 50.2 58.7 60.9 56.3 57.7 48.3 58.6 54.9 58.4 69.2 65.8 67.8 52.6 59.1 59.9 53, 63.2 56.4 Num- ber. Per cent 35,674 17,588 5,176 12,337 462 66,518 35,134 6,324 10,229 4,811 6,091 1,517 921 3,547 16 7,686 2,724 1, — 3,360 21 16,363 7,726 2,116 6,197 237 27,685 17,476 2,846 5,638 1,554 3,762 2,146 250 566 791 22,109 11,160 2,"- 3,617 6,090 6,263 2,661 713 989 1,880 31,628 17,985 678 1,169 11,782 15,211 12,023 727 1,131 1,330 26,543 16,652 117 184 9,514 18,986 7,658 185 266 10,880 37,164 16,215 375 544 20,017 13,320 5, 429 1,063 6,547 38,207 27,042 1,826 2,317 7,019 35,783 23,167 629 948 11,029 4.4 4.2 2.3 8.0 7.4 4.8 4.6 3.2 8.0 7.8 2.9 2.9 1.3 4.1 4.5 3.6 3.4 1.8 5.8 5.6 3.8 3.7 1 6.3 6.7 4.6 4.3 2.7 7.2 7.4 6.1 4.7 3.1 6.0 7.2 6.0 i.5 3.7 6.9 6.6 5.2 4.5 4.4 8.0 5.8 4.9 4.3 5.2 7.4 5.8 3.7 3.6 3.9 2.9 4.9 4.1 3.7 4.1 5.2 5.0 4.4 3.8 4.6 7.1 4.8 4.8 3.8 4.1 6.0 5.9 6.2 4.3 4.3 6.5 6.1 5.1 4.6 3.7 11.0 7.6 5.2 4.6 4.4 8.9 7.3 Di- vorced. 4,891 3,010 962 786 143 7,020 4,543 1,119 614 742 664 239 168 247 5 1,189 592 267 263 6 2,396 1, -- 452 481 54 3,943 2,704 489 425 312 184 121 20 9 34 1,498 862 263 126 264 536 247 70 34 183 1,760 1,009 33 36 682 1,431 1,140 63 45 182 999 655 3 8 427 401 121 4 5 271 2,i 876 29 23 1,281 1,562 439 64 106 953 FEMALES 15 TEAES OF AGE AND OVEE. 2,621 334 114 1,050 3,074 1, ' 36 1,282 Total.' 737,260 398,222 221,535 112,445 4,943 1,099,016 744,906 204,184 92,253 57,650 165,146 38,263 66,972 57,882 185 168,244 62,582 60,361 38,809 262 372,138 186,613 110,447 71,348 2,746 539,238 372,033 96,709 61,142 18,694 69,874 44,339 8,261 7,061 10,222 462,046 267,854 68,726 46,760 78,668 134,607 64,779 18,304 10,886 40,597 648, 661 416, 873 11,698 8,970 210,968 366,624 305,998 18,489 13,943 18,184 665,872 449,883 2,848 J ... 208, 461,287 200,121 4,171 2,198 244,703 790,110 420,617 9,057 6,177 355,224 225,910 111,183 9,959 11, 671 93,068 723,830 560,425 54,525 18,008 90,814 684,678 506,557 14,731 6,863 156,469 Single. Num- ber. 219,845 123,227 84,468 11,017 1,112 308,181 211,571 70,326 12,008 14,240 46,828 11,716 26,018 8,619 56 49,274 19,245 24,304 4,392 79 109,278 56,378 46,854 7,163 643 143,362 99,335 34,654 4,511 4,551 20,576 12,908 3,324 1,199 3,145 149,842 90,299 26,781 8,269 24,469 46,474 23,503 6,911 2,605 13,443 206,232 132,248 4,662 1,376 66,902 99,881 87,560 6,208 1,491 4,615 207,677 138,684 1,105 325 66,965 130,808 60,586 1,666 358 68,178 209,221 117,609 3,326 812 87,461 53,103 27, 797 3,294 1,873 20,134 201,589 164,544 19,813 2,368 24,849 186,773 140,301 5,033 967 40,465l Per cent. 30. 38.1 9.8 22.6 28.0 28.4 34.4 13.0 24.7 30.2 30.6 45.7 14.9 30.3 29. 30. 40.3 11.3 30.2 29.4 29.7 41.6 10.0 23.4 26.6 26.7 36.8 8.8 24.3 29.4 29.1 40.3 17.0 30.8 33.1 36.0 39.0 17.7 31.1 34.5 36.3 37.8 23.9 33.1 31.6 31.7 39.9 15.3 31.7 28.0 28.6 33.6 10.7 25.4 31.2 30. 38. 16.4 32.0 29.0 30.3 39.9 16.3 27.9 26.5 28.0 36.7 15.7 24.6 23.5 25.0 33.1 16.0 21. 27.8 27.6 36.3 13.1 27.4 27.3 27.7 34.2 14.1 25.9 Married. Num- ber. 442,599 235,560 124,705 79,267 3,008 660,818 466,641 115,004 67,499 31,613 98,370 24,120 29,107 43,812 106 106,949 38,748 33,666 29,277 152 230; 441 115,289 59,686 53,128 1,627 343,520 238,650 56,239 37,658 10,863 40,915 26,431 4,166 4,738 5,579 247,837 140,728 35,013 29,476 42,607 65,688 31,633 9,034 5,930 19,065 366,488 241,988 5,793 6,274 112,361 226,691 193,227 10,474 10,684 11,304 386,528 267,645 1,425 1,'" 114,810 263,611 119, 014 1,917 1, 141,327 476,941 257,544 4,487 3,284 210, 607 144,107 71,267 5,583 7, •59,305 436,478 349, 341 28,489 9,659 48,951 411,118 312,027 7,870 4,270 Per cent. 60.0 59.2 56.3 70.6 60.9 60.1 61.3 56.3 62.3 54.9 63.4 63.1 51.1 75.7 57. 63.0 61.9 65.8 75.4 68.0 61.9 61.8 64.0 74.5 59.2 63.7 64.1 58.2 73.4 68.1 68.6 69.6 60.5 67.1 54.6 64. 54.6 50. 63.0 54.2 48. 48.8 49.4 64.6 47.0 66.6 58.0 49.5 69.9 53.3 63.3 63.1 66.6 76.6 62.2 68.0 59.5 60.0 69.7 54.9 68.4 59.5 46.0 59.0 57.8 60.2 61.2 49.5 63.4 59.3 63. 64.1 66.1 67.9 63.7 60.3 62.3 52.2 53.6 63.9 60.0 61.6 53.4 62.2 56. 6 Widowed. Num- ber. 67,423 34,790 10,547 21,396 677 118,472 69,012 16,847 22,039 10,553 8,133 1,840 1,072 5,014 16 11,137 3,777 1,721 4,844 27 28,980 13,861 4,001 10,674 417 47,021 30,286 6,077 8,707 2,908 7,970 4,750 696 1,101 1,423 61,842 26,408 6,496 8,833 11,103 21,152 9,002 2,200 2,282 7,666 73,120 40,408 1,193 1,296 30,200 28,276 22,880 1,686 1, — 2,011 68,302 41, 772 301 271 25,766 54,714 19,903 570 533 33,694 98,502 43,030 1,176 1,064 63,229 25,296 11,008 928 1,733 11,625 78,648 51,898 6,660 5,852 15,245 79,932 50,422 1,675 1,584 28,243 Per cent. 9.1 8.7 4.8 19.0 13.7 10. 9.3 8.3 23.9 18.3 5.2 4.8 1.9 8.7 8.6 6.6 6.0 2.9 12.5 10.3 7.8 7.4 3.6 14.8 15.2 8.7 8.1 5.2 17.0 16.6 11.4 10.7 8.4 15.6 13.9 11.6 9.9 0.5 18.9 14.1 16.7 13.9 12.0 21.0 18.9 11.3 9.7 10.2 14.4 14.3 7.9 7.6 9.1 12.2 11.1 10.3 9.3 10.6 13.6 12.3 12.1 9.9 13.7 24.2 13.8 12.6 10.2 13.0 20.6 15.0 11.2 9.9 9.3 14.8 12.6 10. 9.3 10.4 32.6 16.8 11.7 10.0 11.4 23.1 16.8 Di- vorced. 6,285 3,396 1,157 603 128 8,568 6,519 1,611 502 926 567 190 153 193 7 1,026 477 265 215 i 2,417 1,445 520 392 55 3,868 2,798 487 283 290 13S 25 9 35 1,791 1,011 315 123 337 403 116 46 284 2,619 1,435 41 IS 1,123 1,863 1,560 74 2S 204 1,698 886 6 1 803 832 168 2 2 659 4,250 1,470 43 11 2,726 1,911 552 94 76 1,192 5,666 3,602 486 91 1,476 6,177 2,693 116 24 2,341 1 Total includes persons whose marital condition was not reported. 72497°— 13 11 162 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. MAEITAL CONDITION OF THE POPULATION 15 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER, BY STATES: 1910— Continued. Table 33— Continued. DIVISION, STATE, AND CLASS OF POPULATION. MALES 15 TEABS OF AGE AND OVEE. Total.' Single. Num- ber. Per cent. Married. Num- ber. Per cent. Widowed. Num- ber. Per cent Di- vorced. FEMALES 15 YEAES OF AGE AND OVEB. Total.' Single. Num- ber. Per cent. Married. Num- ber. cent. Widowed. Num- ber. Per cent. Di- vorced. EAST SOUTH CENTEAL—Contd. Alabama Native white— Native parentage Native wlilte — Foreign or mixed par- . Foreign-bom white Negro HlsslSBippl Native white— Native parentage Native white — Foreign or mixed par. . Foreign-bom white Negro WEST SOUTH CENTRAL. Arkansas Native white— Native parentage Native white — Foreign or mixed par. . Foreign-bom white Negro Lonlslaiia Katlve white— Native parentage Native white — Foreign or mixed par. . Foreign-bom white Negro Oklalioma Native white— Native parentage Native white — Foreign or mixed par. . Foreign-bom white Negro Texas Native white— Native parentage Native white — Foreign or mixed par.. Foreign-bom white N«gio MOUNTAIN. Kontana Native white— Native parentage Native white — Foreign or mixed par.. Forelgn-bom white Negro Idaho Native white— Native parentage Native white— Foreign or mixed par.. Foreign-bom white Negro Wyoming Native white— Native parentage Native white — Foreign or mixed par.. Foreign-bom white Negio Colorado Native white — Native parentage Native white — Foreign or mixed par. . Foreign-bom white Negro New Uexleo Native white — Native parentage Native white — Foreign or mixed par.. Foreign-bom white Negro Arizona Native white — ^Native parentage. . . Native white — Foreign or mixed par.. Foreign-bom white Negro TTtali Native white — Native parentage. . . Native white — Foreign or mixed par.. Foreign-bom white Negro Nevada Native white — Native parentage Native white — Foreign or mixed par. Foreign-bom white Negro PACIFIC. Washington Native white — Native parentage _ Native white — Foreign or mixed par.. Foreign-bom white Negro OTeg:on Native wWte — Native parentage Native white — Foi'eign or mixed par. Foreign-bom white Negro California Native white— Native parentage Native white— Foreign or mixed par.. Foreign-bom white Negro 611,390 353,413 10,477 11,174 269,025 639,452 229, 161 7,050 5,564 297,064 497,182 333,362 13,700 10,142 139,798 614,989 230,139 38,908 28,148 217,006 563,026 428,100 34,625 24,701 45,671 1,263,272 811,440 107,410 122,601 210,725 176,220 68,489 36,938 62,746 911 130,250 71,334 27,897 27,341 350 71,730 35,658 12,836 19,496 1,. 316,422 174,376 58,836 74,439 4,761 111,296 84,780 8,607 13,688 718 85,386 33,022 13,251 27,976 827 126,697 43,748 44,436 34,491 606 43,815 16,786 9,634 13,628 238 605,621 233,617 96,742 165,031 296,368 165,849 50,097 67,743 815 1,047,593 429,129 222,697 314,192 9,183 222,125 125,664 4,488 3,284 88,677 186,076 84,893 2,756 1,548 95,632 170,709 116,807 5,537 2,693 45,591 196,341 94,758 15,413 7,979 76,748 197,610 153,496 13,724 7,091 16,170 466,662 306,165 50,683 35,948 73,187 91,760 34,844 22,180 31,721 454 69,761 31,924 13,531 12,395 179 10,383 19,652 7,417 10,801 988 129,828 69,783 29,133 27,180 1,722 43,684 31,786 4,037 6,404 283 39,106 15,351 7,127 13,070 313 61,890 20,226 18,830 10,777 263 22,608 8,314 5,172 7,493 106 246,634 105,226 54,335 74,112 1,819 140,663 73,648 27,071 31,647 425 480,292 184,243 118,588 132,118 3,975 34.6 35.6 42.8 29.4 32.9 34.3 37.0 39.1 27.8 32.2 34.3 35.0 40.4 26.6 32.6 37.9 41.2 39.6 28.3 35.4 35.7 35.9 39.6 28.7 36.4 37.2 37.7 47.2 29.3 34.7 62.1 50.9 60.0 50.6 49.8 16.9 44.8 4S.5 45.3 51.1 66.3 55.1 57.8 65. 70.2 41.2 40.0 49.6 36.5 36.2 38.2 37.5 46.9 39.5 39. 46.8 46.5 53.8 46.7 37.8 41.0 46.2 42.4 31.2 43.4 61.3 49.6 53.7 65.0 44.5 48.6 45.0 56.2 47.8 54.5 17.5 44.4 54.0 46.7 62.1 16.8 42.9 63.3 42.1 386,416 212,996 6,506 7,149 160,594 321,009 134,219 3,919 3,574 178,983 292,715 197,496 7,373 6,477 81,279 288,797 123,881 21,326 17,839 125,446 321,850 250,348 19,086 15,607 26,345 717,027 466,714 62,940 76,976 120,027 71,123 29,779 13,497 27,663 393 64,043 36,625 13,469 13,388 142 28,498 14,439 4,985 8,001 364 167,798 94,322 27,134 42,882 2,608 63,648 47,958 4,118 7,412 357 10,708 15,354 6,399 13,392 434 68,608 21,079 24,494 21,394 269 18,160 7,153 3,841 5,252 106 231,139 112,810 38,644 72, 669 1,296 137,984 81,295 20,725 32,071 333 196,638 213,416 94,437 156,393 4,494 60.0 60.3 62.6 64.0 59.7 69.6 58.6 65.6 64.2 60.3 58.9 59.2 53.8 63. 58.1 56.1 53.8 64.8 63.4 57.8 68.2 58.5 65.1 62.8 56.5 67.2 67.5 49.3 62.8 67.0 12.6 43.5 36.6 43.9 43.1 19.2 49.9 48. 3 49.0 40.6 39.7 40.5 38. 41.0 25.9 63.2 64.1 46.1 57.6 54.8 66.7 56.6 47.8 54.1 49.7 47.7 46.5 40.7 47.9 52.5 61.2 48.2 55.1 62.0 44.4 41.4 42.6 39. 38.6 44.5 16.7 48.3 39.9 46.8 38.8 16.6 49.0 41.4 47.3 40.9 47.3 49.7 42.4 49.8 48.9 31,163 13,246 424 683 17,101 27,979 8,746 330 413 18,447 29,092 16, 666 681 883 10,857 26,500 8,702 1,1 2,183 12,684 26,662 19,142 1,383 1,659 3,428 57,862 32,386 2,957 8,554 13,930 5,338 2,264 886 1,976 41 4,407 2,488 624 1,171 17 2,042 1,096 311 549 29 13,467 7,580 1,908 3,591 317 5,978 4,289 380 782 61 3,723 1,416 448 1,186 54 3,1 1,081 701 1,743 34 2,023 828 399 596 21 18,207 8,886 2,624 6,344 126 12,660 7,663 1,632 3,103 42 46,423 20,198 6,810 17,289 538 1.9 3.7 4.0 6.1 6.4 6.2 3.8 4.7 7.4 6.2 6.9 6.0 6.0 8.7 7.8 6.0 3.8 4.9 7.8 5.8 4.8 4.6 4.0 6.7 7.5 4.6 4.0 2.8 7.0 6.6 3.0 3.3 2.4 3.1 4.6 3.4 3.6 2.2 4.3 4.9 2.8 3.1 2.4 2.8 2.1 4.3 4.3 3.2 4.8 6.7 6.2 5.1 4.4 6.7 8.5 4.4 4.2 6.6 2.9 2.6 1. 5.1 5.6 4.6 4.9 4.1 4.4 8.8 3.8 2.6 4.1 3.8 4. 4.6 3.3 4.6 6.2 1.4 4.7 3.1 5.5 5.9 736 41 41 2,011 2,874 520 21 11 2,319 2,653 1,314 79 67 1,190 1,677 618 134 64 967 3,161 2,226 204 159 460 6,278 2,799 430 665 2,481 1,176 526 292 314 15 913 580 164 154 10 600 304 95 80 16 2,782 1,682 503 493 95 769 554 65 75 14 661 313 117 115 16 730 271 214 221 165 148 5 1, 2,679 842 1,087 50 3,412 2,184 558 615 13 10,781 6,481 2,493 2, 123 643,989 345, 405 10,606 6,639 281,202 533,811 220,470 7,133 3,116 302,768 167,026 304,841 11, 671 5,924 134,632 601,796 218, 636 42,926 20,588 222,527 168,381 367,827 28,161 13,497 39,278 1,138,810 737,623 100,246 89,814 210,903 98,645 42,088 27,208 26,278 627 86,866 61,757 21,929 11,696 209 36,026 19,433 8,107 6,442 560 266,736 149,657 55,864 45,336 4,422 92,287 72,235 7,050 6,710 520 64,182 21,377 10,102 13,676 734 108,011 37,861 42,734 26,044 366 21,041 8,730 6,163 4,030 213 336,130 173,031 80,328 74,960 1,907 203,487 127,380 42,217 31,365 190 786,160 368,388 216,650 181,149 8,049 169,126 94,154 3, 758 70,466 136,722 61,894 2,334 418 72,021 108,141 72,934 3,619 800 30,748 112,819 68,394 13,877 2,840 57,639 100,266 78,479 7,589 1,118 8,566 296,498 193,832 35,967 13,570 53,027 25,961 11,513 10,056 3,681 163 21,176 13,710 6,506 1,042 61 8,225 4,791 2,629 704 152 65,931 39,489 19,514 6,908 936 21,161 17,240 2,226 865 107 12,035 5,121 3,261 2,058 167 30,083 13,506 13,731 2,670 81 1,411 2,028 1,631 420 51 45,527 30,467 ■ 11,440 437 66,242 33,755 16,113 4,863 99 219,616 105,639 81,054 28,778 1,909 26.3 27.3 34.8 11.6 25.1 25.6 28.1 32.7 13.4 23.8 23.7 23.9 31.3 13.6 22.9 28.3 31.3 32.3 13.8 25.9 21.9 21.9 26.9 8.3 21.8 2G.0 26.3 36.9 16.1 26.1 27.4 37.0 14.6 26.0 24.7 26.5 29.7 8.9 29.2 23.6 24.7 31.2 10. 27.1 26 26.4 34.9 13.0 21.2 23.3 23.9 31.6 12.9 20.6 22.2 24.0 32.3 15.0 22.8 27.9 35.7 32.1 10.3 22.2 21.0 23.2 26.6 10.4 23.9 26.6 26.3 37.0 16.3 22.9 27.1 26.5 38.2 16.6 20.2 27.9 28.7 37.4 16.9 23.7 388,191 215,440 5,590 4,658 162,347 323,929 136, 663 3,822 2,016 182,200 292,600 199,744 6,760 4,089 81,917 290,536 127,980 22,222 12,219 127,984 317,450 250,376 18,746 10,696 26,136 713,669 473,622 67,193 60,629 121,959 61,185 27,302 15,508 18,620 360 68,901 34,498 14,343 9,066 113 21,199 13,346 6,116 5,103 306 160,646 93,483 31,546 32,664 2,629 61,018 47,830 4,222 4,872 305 35,601 14,187 6,085 9,326 402 66,266 21,078 26,593 17,607 221 14, 109 5,849 4,030 2,868 97 214,663 110,659 44,810 54,676 1,133 128,182 81,126 23,234 22,287 290 159,167 212,376 115,839 117,960 4,489 60.3 62.4 52.7 71.2 57.7 60.7 61.5 53.6 64.7 60.2 61.0 65.5 68.4 69.0 60.9 67.6 68.6 51.8 59.4 57.6 69.3 70.0 66.6 79.2 64.0 62.7 64.2 67.1 67.5 57.8 65.1 64.9 57.0 73.7 57.4 67. 66.7 65.4 77.5 54.1 69.1 68.7 63.1 79.2 64.6 62.8 62.5 66.5 72.0 57.2 66.2 66.2 69.9 72.6 58.7 65.7 66.4 60.2 68.2 54.8 61. 65.7 62.2 67.6 60.6 67.1 67.0 66.4 71.2 45.5 61.1 64.0 55.8 72.9 69.4 63.0 63.7 55.0 71.1 69.2 68.1 67.6 63.6 66.1 55.8 80,137 34,098 1,246 1, 43,684 66,661 21,682 934 679 43,328 61,628 30,113 1,107 1,003 19,385 66,801 20,757 6,520 5,404 34,101 36,128 26,745 1,685 1,690 4,871 116,712 64,971 6,227 14,885 30,597 7,380 2,731 1,368 2,746 82 6,699 2,993 2,164 1,058 368 585 76 25,762 14,444 4,084 6,349 828 8,846 6,497 543 927 90 5,668 1,742 625 2,158 141 9,949 2,497 1,847 5,433 42 2,124 683 403 703 52 26,660 13,770 3,940 7,'" 242 17,640 10,790 2,419 3,901 88 96,919 44,118 16,702 32,571 1,456 12.1 9.9 11.7 16.6 15.5 12.6 9.8 13.1 21.4 14.3 11.3 9.9 9.6 16.9 14.4 13.2 9.6 16.2 26.2 16.3 7.9 7.2 6.6 11.8 12.4 10.2 8.8 6.2 16.6 11.6 7.5 6.5 5.0 10.9 13.1 6.4 6.8 4.1 12.7 14.4 6.2 5.4 4.5 9.1 13.6 10.1 9.7 7.3 11.0 18.7 9.6 9.0 7.7 13.8 17.3 10.6 8.1 6.2 15.8 19.2 4.3 20.9 11.5 10.1 7.8 6.5 17.4 24.4 7.9 8.0 4.9 10.6 12.7 8.6 &6 5.7 12.4 18.0 12. 12.0 7.7 18.0 18.1 5,613 1,226 47 17 4,222 1,666 706. 24 2 3,931 3,601 1,513 69 26- 1,889 2,989 704 177 39' 2,069 2,863 1,940 140 63 556 9,283 3,507 625 525 4,623 831 378 224 177 22 667 33S 121 82. 3 310 191 81 42 26 3,043 1,929 633 368 HI 867 618 67 41 IT 533 183 66 74 22 918 304 332 259 10- 275 136 79 33 13 3,893 2,269 847 706 48 2,226 1,497 407 27» 13 10,199 6,741 2,840 1,655 184 1 Total Includes persons whose marital condition was not reported. MARITAL CONDITION. 163 MARITAL CONDITION OF THE POPULATION 15 YEARS OP AGE AND OVER FOR THE URBAN AND RURAL POPULATION: 1910. Table 34 CLASS OF POfUIAIION Aim AGE FEBIOD. ALL CLASSES. Ukban communities: Uyeaxs and over 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years ' 45 to 64 years 66 years and over Age unknown Svtal communities: 16 years and over 16 to 19 years 20 to 24 years , 26 to 34 years , 36 to 44 years 46 to 64 years 65 years and over Age unknown NATIVE WHITE-NATIVE PARENTAGE. TJ^ban communities: 16 years and over 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 26 to 34 years 36 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 66 years and over Age unknown Hntal communities: 15 years and over 16 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 46 to 64 years 65 years and over Age unknown NATIVE WHITE— FOREIGN OR MIXED PARENTAGE. TTlban communities : 16 years and over 16 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 26 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 46 to 64 years 66 years and over Age unknown Smal communities : 15 years and over 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 34 years 36 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over Age unknown FOREIGN-BORN WHITE. TTlban communities: 16 years and over 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 26 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over Age unknown Sural communities: 16 years and over 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 26 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over Age unknown NEGRO. TTtban communities: 16 years and over 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over Age unknown Bnral communities: 16 years and over 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 34 years 36 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over Age unknown MALES 15 TEAE3 OF AGE AND OVEE. Total.i 15,887,914 1,926,230 2,250,623 4,155,747 3,185,647 3,320,534 782,062 67,071 18,737,881 2,601,052 2,329,667 3,745,369 2,967,719 3,842,798 1,203,914 47,372 6,120,304 855,880 913,338 1,674,856 1,133,049 1,262,103 347,390 43,688 10,112,791 1,696,648 1,419,676 2,213,310 1,720,995 2,295,222 741,969 25,081 3,694,608 694,456 581, 132 901,800 718,120 634,191 61,662 3,157 2,190,629 400,405 332, 989 620,183 425,531 442,031 67,010 2,480 4,943,990 260,263 603,923 1,381,979 1,112,341 1,237,970 336,850 10,664 2,195,903 91,491 219,997 497,265 451,185 656,765 270,168 9,042 947,605 111,172 142,067 273,678 203,931 174,362 34,973 7,422 2,111,707 396,773 340,090 480,290 346, 199 421,192 117,509 9,654 Single. Num- Per ber. cent. 6,276,607 1,901,292 1,767,466 1,601,477 584,427 367,065 48,721 16,060 6,273,622 2,646,775 1,664,696 1,166,480 442,075 365,636 74,601 13,359 2,460,977 843,231 698,011 671,043 195,397 124,624 20,135 8,636 3,724,347 1,661,242 993,374 610,708 219,795 190,877 40,907 7,444 1,860,369 688,827 488,462 406,776 168,673 90,834 6,311 1,487 1,066,883 396,678 281,122 217,935 91,005 61,850 6,137 1,056 1,666,246 256,726 477,934 517,143 174,954 114,666 20,871 3,951 702,671 89,946 183,547 221,836 94,900 87,735 22,358 2,349 360,698 108,150 93,923 90,244 36, 766 17,707 2,046 1,763 732,874 384,003 194,071 98,962 30,438 18,954 4,239 2,217 40.0 98.7 78.5 38.5 18.3 10. 6.2 23.9 37.6 97.9 71.5 31.1 14.9 9.5 6.2 28.2 40.2 98.5 76.4 36.3 17.2 9.9 5.8 19.8 36. 97.9 70.0 27.6 12.8 8.3 6.6 29.7 61.6 99.2 84.1 45.1 23.5 14.3 8. 47.1 48.2 99.0 84.4 41.9 21.4 14.0 9.2 42.6 31.7 98.6 79.1 37.4 16.7 9.3 6.2 37.0 32.0 98.3 83.4 44.6 21.0 13.4 8.3 26.0 37.0 97.3 66.1 33.0 18.0 10.2 5.9 23.8 34.7 96.8 57.1 20.6 8.8 4.5 3.6 23.0 Married. Num- ber. 8, 682, 080 14,327 463,479 2,472,433 2,469,541 2,647,608 501,954 12,738 9,610,620 37,550 636,614 2,492,336 2,403,612 3,124,022 801,814 14,572 3,312,098 7,806 206,864 968,773 886,124 1,006,117 230,910 5,604 5,832,001 26,012 411,436 1,655,778 1,433,218 1,896,532 502,491 6,634 1,621,367 2,359 89,135 479,792 621,323 487,836 39,944 968 1,068,349 1,276 49,402 294,684 320,894 345,765 43,440 3,100,003 2,035 121,731 847,058 903,383 1,013,657 209,274 2,866 1,332,132 816 34, 491 268,687 342,745 513,823 169,923 1,647 619,740 2,066 44,847 170,098 149,729 128,504 21,174 3,332 1,229,488 9,008 137,263 367,061 290,172 349,208 81,496 5,290 Per cent. 54.7 0.7 20.6 69.5 77.5 79.7 64.2 19.0 66. 1.4 27.3 66.5 81.0 81.3 66. 30. 64.1 0.9 22.6 61.5 78.2 80.4 66.5 12.6 67.7 1 29.0 70.3 83.3 82.6 67.7 26.1 46.1 0.3 15.3 6.3.2 72.6 76.9 64.8 30.7 48.2 0.3 14.8 66.7 76.4 78.2 64.8 36.8 62.7 0.8 20.2 61.3 81.2 81.9 62.1 26.9 60.7 0.9 16.7 64.0 76.0 78.2 62.9 18.2 64.8 1.8 31.6 62.2 73.4 73.7 60.6 44.9 68.2 2.3 40.4 74.3 83.8 82.9 69, 54.8 Widowed. Num- Per ber. cent 665,893 329 6,1U 49,409 100,035 282,636 225,373 2,000 806,497 781 12,704 61,022 98,666 316,006 313,685 2,633 258,606 139 2,557 19,881 36,562 105,341 93,319 817 470,277 389 6,313 32,903 54,571 186,175 189,538 1,388 98,167 61 934 9,616 21,748 49,753 15,876 169 82,822 31 463 4,685 10,580 30,066 16,667 151 244,984 43 886 10,417 27,297 101,234 104,638 470 139,742 17 364 3,827 10,598 49,373 75,244 319 63,075 86 1,727 9,372 14,222 26,737 11,392 639 126,896 330 5,433 18,889 21,922 49,072 30,499 750 4.2 m 0.3 1.2 3.1 8.5 28.8 3.0 4.8 0.6 1.6 3.3 8.2 26.1 5.6 4.2 0.3 1 3.2 8.4 26.9 1.9 4.7 P) 0.4 1.6 3.2 8.1 25.5 5.5 2.7 m 0.2 1.1 3.0 7.8 26.8 6.4 2.9 C) 0.1 0.9 2.5 6.8 24.9 6.1 6.0 (') 0.1 0.8 2.5 8.2 31.1 4.4 6.4 m 0.2 0.8 2.3 7.6 27.9 3.6 6.7 0.1 1.2 3.4 7.0 14.8 32.6 7.3 6.0 0.1 1.6 3.9 6.3 11.7 26.0 7.8 Di- vorced. 78,616 116 2,911 19,088 24,383 27,333 4,483 302 77,546 231 3,821 15,483 18,305 30,844 8,592 270 40,645 57 1,611 10,231 12,260 13,787 2,423 176 46,911 121 2,152 9,152 11,052 19,039 5,230 165 16,834 26 484 3,996 6,634 5,233 436 25 8,864 8 251 1, 2,474 3,866 661 21 14,186 11 254 2,231 3,960 6,304 1,-- 36 8,874 7 104 716 1,627 4,498 1/ 32 7,942 22 557 2,596 2,493 1,981 230 64 12,204 82 1,262 3,813 2,966 3,273 769 60 FEMALES 15 TEABS OF AGE AND OVEB. Total.! 16,333,863 2,077,041 2,319,935 3,879,847 2,947,612 3,167,330 910,948 31,140 14,713,472 2,459,280 2,156,759 3,371,225 2,666,709 3,093,427 1,052,600 23,472 6,197,674 920,693 969,121 1,541,875 1,081,173 1,243,519 424,400 16,793 9,326,326 1,616,834 1,380,887 2,120,634 1,560,649 1,949,156 687,319 11,947 3,966,301 740,976 667,325 1,006,934 788,203 684,721 73,802 3,340 1,931,830 369,738 301,662 476,409 372,929 366,443 53,122 1,627 4,112,236 271,574 608,702 1,023,072 872,986 1,061,050 370,068 4,784 1,334,4)70 50,433 97,759 266,095 275,056 436,733 206,273 1,721 1,058,325 142,256 182,805 304,303 203,462 176,897 42,462 6,141 2,046,019 410,216 365,833 491,045 336,270 335,652 99,180 7,823 Single. Num- Per ber. cent 6,025,467 1,901,171 1,295,164 1,012,546 429,218 313,150 66,290 8,— 3,907,703 2,084,693 868,629 604,180 199,298 186,414 58,933 5,766 2,106,687 836,939 638,048 397,011 160,206 133,232 36,537 4,715 2,637,436 1,362,917 556,486 316,183 124,260 128,575 45,600 3,424 1,762,246 704,412 435,554 350,373 164,241 98, — 7, 1,609 690,771 343,879 166,413 103,804 42,789 29,819 3,633 531 860,669 238,710 242,696 203,521 84,197 70,463 19,585 1,488 133,461 39, 131 29,483 28,213 14,243 15,899 6,206 . 277 292,992 119,824 78,189 61,019 20,414 10,647 1,790 1,109 531,004 328,691 113,207 54,663 17,691 11,836 3,463 1,463 32. 91.6 56.8 26.1 14.6 9.9 7.2 84.8 40.3 16.0 7.8 6.0 6.6 24.6 34.0 90.9 66.6 25.7 14.8 10.7 8.6 28.1 27.2 84.3 40.3 14.9 8.0 6.6 6.6 28.7 44.6 96.1 66.3 34.8 20.8 14.4 10.0 48.2 36.8 93.0 66.2 21.8 11.5 8.4 6.7 35.0 87.9 47.7 19.9 9.6 6.6 5.3 31.1 10.0 77.6 30.2 10.6 5.2 3.6 3.0 16.1 27.7 84.2 42.8 20.1 10 6.0 4.2 18.1 26.0 80.1 30.9 11.1 6.3 3.5 3.5 18.7 Married. Num- Per ber. cent 8,378,444 160,622 984,534 2,698,805 2,222,404 2,030,143 269,471 10,465 9,308,243 362,617 1,240,828 2,746,089 2,187,906 2,353,354 417,864 10,686 3,318,766 77,006 414,229 1,078,251 815,462 801,794 126,824 5,200 5,900,619 241,328 802,622 1,744,772 1,347,617 1,487,907 271,360 5,013 1,878,388 32,364 214,896 623,348 656,366 429,278 22,116 1,032 1,130,234 23,441 132,382 362,336 312, 612 276,636 .il.22,310 ^ s 619 2,628,402 31,161 261,727 792,309 717,762 712,036 111,587 1,831 995,601 10,""" 67,289 232,777 247,724 347,897 88,150 866 644,179 19,869 92,407 201,987 132,366 86,310 8,872 2,378 1,231,770 74,218 231,366 390,660 268,713 229,613 33,532 3,868 64.6 7.7 42.4 69.6 75.4 64.1 29.6 33.6 83.3 14.3 57.6 81.4 86.6 76.1 39.7 63.6 8.4 42.7 69.9 75.4 64.6 29.9 31.0 63.3 14.9 68.1 82.3 86.4 76.3 39.5 42.0 47.6 4.4 32.7 61.9 70.5 62.7 30.0 30.9 68.6 6.3 43.9 76.1 83, 77.6 42.0 40.5 63.9 U.5 61.4 77.4 82.2 67.1 30.2 74.6 21.6 68. 87.6 90.1 79.7 42.7 60.3 51.4 14.0 60.5 66.4 66.1 48.8 20, 38.7 602 18.1 63.2 79.5 80.1 68.4 33.8 49.4 Widowed. Num- Per ber. cent. 1,786,292 3,079 23,387 127,714 261,462 794,341 571,476 4,834 1,38 7; 182 31,967 96,613 160,434 630,497 669,083 4,160 698,079 1,215 8,639 46,364 88,307 293,237 268,682 1,635 826,481 3,179 13,212 45,653 77,779 318,124 366,871 1,663 304 3,051 24,324 60,767 160,917 43,947 386 98,623 179 1,238 7,317 16,234 47,474 27,012 169 601,642 253 2,618 22,290 65,880 272,416 237,261 1,024 198,470 103 602 4,159 11,901 70,435 110,859 411 202,182 1,303 9,156 34,636 46,362 77,480 31,460 1,785 267,649 3,626 16,620 38,717 44,477 90,966 61,396 1,847 11.6 0.1 1.0 3.3 8.9 25.1 62.7 15.5 9.4 0.3 1.5 2.9 5.9 17.1 54.1 17.7 11.3 0.1 0.9 3.0 8.2 23.6 61.0 9.7 8.9 0.2 1.0 2.2 5.0 16.3 53.2 13.9 7.2 0.6 2.4 7.7 22.0 59.5 11.6 6.1 (.') 0.4 1.5 4.1 13.3 50.8 11.1 14.6 0.1 0.5 2.2 7.6 25.7 64.1 21.4 14.9 0.2 0.6 1.6 4.3 16.1 63.8 23.9 19.1 0.0 5.0 11.4 22.8 43.8 74.1 29.1 12.6 0.9 4.5 7.9 13.3 27.1 61.9 23.6 Di- vorced. 110,991 1,43S 10,735 36,091 32, 22s 27,131 3,088 280 74,077 2,212 9,635 21,171 17,041 20,003 3,815 200 67,006 749 5,653 18,279 16,280 14,217 1,696 131 43,048 1,202 5,249 11,667 9,719 12,680 2,660 81 22,676 212 1,960 7,697 7,230 5,379 278 29 7,631 107 638 2,177 2,130 2,279 191 16,956 82 703 4,114 4,675 5,413 939 30 4,686 28 137 706 995 2,105 610 5 16,297 394 2,417 6,082 4,028 2,117 169 90 17,989 811 3,459 6,366 4,020 2,837 396 100 1 Tot^ includes persons whose marital condition was not reported. : Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. 164 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. MARITAL CONDITION OF THE POPULATION 15 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER IN CITIES OP 250,000 INHABITANTS OR MORE: 1910. Table 35 CITY AND CLASS OF POPTOATION. MALES 15 TEAKS OF AGE AND OVEB. Baltimore, Md Native white — Native parentage Native white — Foreign or mixed par. . Foreign-bom white Negro , BostoB, Hass Native white — Native parentage Native white — Foreign or mixed par. Foreign-bom white Negro Biiffalo,lT.T Native white — Native parentage Native white — Foreign or mixed par. Foreign-bom white Negro Chicago, HI Native wliite — Native parentage Native white — Foreign or mixed par. Foreign-bom white Negro Cincinnati, Ohio Native white — Native parentage Native wliite— Foreign or mixed par. Foreign-bom white ' Negro Cleveland, Ohio Native white — Native parentage Native white— Foreign or mixed par. Foreign-bom white Negro Detroit, Mich Native white— Native parentage- . . Native white— Foreign or mixed par.. Foreign-bom white Negro Jersey City, W. J Native white— Native parentage Native white — Foreign or mixed par. Foreign-bom white Negro Los Angeles, Cal Native white— Native parentage Native wliite — Foreign or mixed par. Foreign-bom white Negro Milwaukee, Wis Native white — Native parentage Native white— Foreign or mixed par. Foreign-bom white Negro Minneapolis, Ulnn Native white — Native parentage Native white— Foreign or mixed par.. Foreign-bom white Negro N'ew Orleans, La I Native white— Native parentage. . . Native white — Foreign or mixed par. . ForeigDrbom wliite Negro New Tork, If . Y Native white— Native parentage Native white— Foreign or mixed par. Foreign-bom white Negro Newark, N. J Native white— Native parentage Native white— Foreign or mixed par. Foreign-bom white Negro Philadelphia, Pa Native white — Native parentage Native white — Foreign or mixed par. Foreign-born wliite Negro Pittsburgh, Pa Native white— Native parentage Native white — Foreign or mixed par.. Foreign-bora white Negro St. Louis, Mo Native white — Native parentage. . . Native white — Foreign or mixed par. . Foreign-bom white Negro San Francisco, Cal Native white— Native parentage Native white— Foreign or mixed par. Foreign-born white Negro Washington,!). C Native white — Native parentage Native white— Foreign or mixed par. . Foreign-born white Negro Total.! Single. 193,703 84,768 42,593 36,039 29,982 241,277 55,569 67,919 111,103 5,482 152,794 38,696 53,524 69,787 791 824, 058 160,055 246,428 406,297 19,372 134,873 48,881 49,692 28,030 8,246 208,923 43,754 69,278 102,008 3,630 177,039 39,431 53,671 81,410 2,466 96, 081 22,232 30,877 40,486 2,335 130,636 66,333 24,895 31,494 2,921 135, 870 20,939 54,786 59,662 422 121,934 37,207 36,926 47,368 1,321 115, 620 44,065 27,420 14,093 29,692 ,697,045 286, 961 457, 466 913,046 34,269 122,071 30,047 34,464 53,920 3,414 650,627 194,486 143,449 180,635 30,976 190,496 56,544 53,965 76,361 10,374 260,803 86,566 89,371 67,078 18,318 197,134 48, 604 56, 010 78,873 911 119,832 58, 650 16,277 12,344 32, 166 Num- Per ber. cent. 76,693 37,243 18,926 8,625 11,651 106,279 24,740 41,267 37,391 2,359 63,132 18,716 27,666 16,364 362 343, 206 64,271 143,663 126,504 7,631 56,366 24,751 21,887 6,440 3,268 79,854 17,935 32,001 28,450 1,350 70,667 17,076 28,264 24,352 938 40,102 10,600 16,669 12,073 ' 861 51,601 26,646 11,240 10,647 1,002 65,862 11,646 28,643 15,361 175 56,540 17,181 20,889 17,841 588 47.705 22,232 10,743 3,722 10,783 711,954 139,117 267,869 298,096 13,335 46,760 12, 874 17,869 14, 820 1,116 216,401 82,635 71, 146 60,622 11,380 83,849 25,992 28,963 24.643 4,070 109, 565 42. 41,702 48.7 40, 979 45. 9 39.6 43.9 44.4 23.9 38.9 44.0 44.5 60.8 33.7 43.0 41.3 48.5 51.7 27.4 45.8 41.6 42.8 58.3 31.1 39.4 41.8 60.6 44.0 23.0 39.6 38.2 41.0 64.0 27.9 37.2 39.9 43.3 62.7 29.9 38.1 41.7 47.2 63.6 29.8 36.9 39.6 38.7 45.5 33.8 34.3 41.1 66.6 52.3 25.7 41.5 46.4 46.1 58.1 37.7 44.5 41.3 60.5 39.2 26.4 36.3 42.0 4S.6 56.4 32.6 38.9 38.3 42.8 61.8 27.5 •32.7 39.3 42.4 49.8 28.0 36.7 42.7 46.0 53.7 32.7 39.2 Married. Num- Per ber. cent. 19,. 329 7,271 96,430 26,385 32,040 32, S62 526 48, 164 24,382 7,264 4,162 12,132 28.8 39.7 48.9 62.3 56.6 41.7 67.7 40.2 41.6 44.6 33.7 37.7 106,466 43,517 21,827 24,917 16,046 122,810 27,098 24,428 67,836 2,778 83,284 18,383 24,319 40,178 366 442,081 74,303 96,514 260,460 10,076 70, 888 22,006 25,764 18,809 4,284 121,065 23,765 25,991 69,154 2,017 98,741 20,231 24,007 53,137 1,343 61,147 10,599 13,223 25,932 1,363 71, 807 36,737 12,426 18,855 1,747 74,449 8,426 24,928 40,874 203 68,384 17,217 13,686 26,820 601 69,632 18,507 16,098 8,916 16,879 912,366 131,741 185,309 674,460 19,196 70,082 15,889 16,812 36,537 2,117 304,460 101,313 66,085 119,011 17,727 104,126 28,102 23, 317 47,044 5,694 136,793 39,868 46, 137 42, 400 9,415 81,243 17,909 22,174 35,844 308 64,432 31,082 8,206 7,U0 17,863 56.0 51.3 51.2 69.1 53.6 60.9 48.8 36.0 61.1 50.7 54.5 47.6 45.4 67.2 46.3 63.6 49.6 39.2 £4.1 52.0 62.6 46.0 51.8 67.1 62.0 67.9 54.3 43.8 67.8 55.6 65.8 61.3 44.7 66.3 64.5 63.2 47.7 42.8 64.1 57.9 55.0 65.4 60.3 69.9 69.8 54.8 40.2 45.6 68.6 48.1 47.9 46.3 38.1 68.6 45.6 51.5 42.0 66.1 63.3 58.8 63.8 46.9 40.6 62.9 66.0 67.4 52.2 45.3 67.8 82.0 56.3 62.1 48.1 65.9 67.2 63.0 49.7 43.2 62.4 63.9 52.6 46.4 60.5 63.2 61.4 41.2 36.9 39.2 4.5.4 33.8 53.8 63.0 60.4 67.6 65.6 Widowed. Num- Per ber. cent. 9,318 3,349 1,567 2,349 2,060 10,802 3,001 1,960 6,628 303 6,684 1,170 1,369 3,101 63 27,586 5,057 4,300 16,983 1,232 6,427 1,596 1,660 2,621 550 6,634 1,339 979 4,019 194 5,336 1,262 1,047 3,406 130 4,338 872 1,023 2,332 111 6,659 2,947 766 1,670 144 4,394 447 910 3,006 29 4,192 1,321 870 2,117 83 5,934 1,533 1,380 1,384 1,834 62,461 10,703 12,780 37,384 1,640 4,697 1,169 907 2,454 163 26,818 9,278 6,453 10,362 1,713 7,303 1,867 1,404 3,386 846 11,474 2,653 2,500 4,889 1,421 7,451 1,468 1,467 4,316 56 6,263 2,661 713 4.8 4.0 3.7 6.5 6.9 4.5 5.4 2.9 6.0 5.5 3.7 3.0 2.6 6.2 6.7 3.3 3.4 1.7 4.2 6.4 4.8 3.3 3.3 9.4 8.7 3.1 3.1 1.7 3.9 5.3 3.3 3.2 2.0 4.2 5.3 4.5 3.9 3.3 6.8 4.8 4.3 4.4 3.1 6.3 4.9 3.2 2.1 1.7 6.0 6.9 3.4 3.6 1.9 4.6 6.3 5.1 3.6 5.0 9.8 6.5 3.7 3.7 2.8 4.1 4.6 3.8 3.9 2.6 4.6 4.8 4.9 4.8 3.8 5.7 5.5 3.7 3.3 2.6 4.6 6.2 4.4 3.1 2.8 7.3 7.8 3.8 3.0 2.6 6.5 6.0 5.2 4.5 4.4 8.0 5.8 Di- vorced. 922 470 211 93 146 914 449 186 242 37 306 122 90 86 8 3,949 1,261 1,066 1,381 279 904 342 341 140 81 910 298 262 307 63 992 334 286 346 27 lis 48 30 28 7 1,443 886 245 275 25 724 137 257 321 9 596 249 139 194 14 382 145 113 3,079 980 768 1,239 101 223 89 58 66 10 1,440 720 366 265 86 565 236 183 104 32 1,712 854 582 306 189 2,632 936 809 762 13 535 247 70 34 183 FEMALES 15 YEAES OF AGE AND OVEE. TotaLi 214,672 94,777 48,461 35,854 36,572 263,488 68,640 72,938 116, 389 5,572 151,215 38,314 69,517 62,663 696 760,365 141,917 268, 117 332,267 17,962 143,721 50,687 58,625 26,402 8,002 191,747 42,892 66, 142 80,633 3,361 162, 364 36,438 58,288 65,341 2,261 89,843 21,437 32, 826 33,370 2,206 124,328 66,665 28,499 26,629 3,070 131,112 21,830 62,769 46,091 431 109,116 32,400 40,568 35,229 907 127,332 45,864 32,694 12,369 36,392 1,702,064 296,666 499, 433 864, 927 40,792 122,680 31,687 38,663 48,382 3,848 579,421 209, 124 169,267 176,206 35,790 184, 426 68,085 69,349 57,758 9,224 256,243 86,362 100,011 62, 131 17,889 140, 870 34, 952 66,959 47,880 604 134,607 64,779 18,304 10,886 40,597 Single. Num- ber. 76, 947 38,360 19,775 6,634 12,170 101,490 25,272 40,934 33 531 1,744 52, 939 16,761 26,667 9,387 223 251,716 52,823 132,330 62,930 3,800 51,293 22,015 22,997 4,226 2,054 68, 160 16,265 29,600 12, 469 819 52,074 12,989 26,638 11,993 646 29,830 8,905 15,091 5,333 500 35,307 19,186 10,325 6,018 668 46,616 11,841 28,837 6,994 144 40,647 12,412 20,229 7,767 235 42,644 19,875 10,646 1,937 10, 179 617,886 129, 6Q8 243,857 231,066 13,174 40,009 12,634 17,407 8,922 1,045 204,179 81,831 71,300 39, 871 11,156 64,722 23,645 27,334 11,428 2,313 83,462 33,992 37, 926 7,607 3,916 44,858 12, 520 23,038 8,767 152 46,474 23,503 6,911 2,606 13,443 Per cent. 35.8 40.6 40.8 18.6 34.2 40.0 43.2 66.1 28.8 31.3 35.0 43.7 44.6 17.8 32.0 33.1 37.1 49.4 18.9 21.2 35.7 43.4 39.2 16.0 26.7 30.3 36.8 46.4 16.5 24.4 32.1 36.6 46.5 18.4 24.1 33.2 41.5 46.0 16.0 22.7 28.4 28.8 38.2 19.7 21.8 35.6 52.9 45.9 13.0 33.4 37.3 38.3 49.9 22.0 25.9 33.6 43.3 32,8 16.7 28.0 36.3 43.7 48.8 26.7 32.3 32.6 39.9 46.0 18.4 27.2 35.2 39.1 44.8 22.8 31.2 36.1 40.7 46.1 19.8 25.1 32.7 39.8 37.9 14.6 22.1 31.8 36.8 41.2 18.3 30.2 34.6 36.3 37.8 23.9 33.1 JVIarried. Num- Per ber. cent. 108, 620 46,641 23,495 22,380 17,095 120, 216 24,350 26,731 66,394 2,710 81,424 18,049 28,284 34,718 363 423, 839 71,771 119,386 222,646 9,978 70, 436 23,375 28,686 14,067 4,306 113, 234 22,679 31,650 67,031 1,965 92,488 19,338 28,020 43,830 1,286 49,634 10,474 16, 326 22,487 1,344 70,635 37,059 15, 149 18, 108 1,783 71,129 8,768 30,266 31,896 198 66,664 15,735 17,789 22,817 516 60, 852 20,297 16,432 6,011 18, 100 892,969 134,222 218,223 621, 865 20,466 68,914 15,518 18, 439 32,753 2,196 300,629 101,333 72, 696 108,001 18,878 98,734 28,537 26,799 37,848 6,647 134,797 41,870 51,947 31,366 9,607 74,790 17,279 27,603 28,868 264 65, 688 31,833 9,034 5,930 19,066 50.6 48.1 48.5 62.4 48.1 47.4 41.6 36.6 57.0 48.6 63.8 47.1 47.5 65.9 62.2 65.7 50.6 44.5 67.0 56.6 49.0 46.1 48.9 53.3 53.8 69.1 53.1 48.4 70.8 58.5 67.0 63.1 48.1 67.1 56.9 65.2 48.9 46.7 67.4 60.9 66.8 66.7 63.2 63.1 58.1 64.3 40.2 48.2 89.2 45.9 61.9 48.6 43.8 84.2 56.9 47.8 44.3 60.3 48.6 49.7 62.6 46.3 43.3 60.3 50.2 Widowed. Num- Per ber. cent. 27, 606 10,054 4,821 6,685 6,044 30,110 8,095 4,899 16,038 1,069 16,112 3,213 4,407 8,381 107 76,813 14,742 13,810 44,604 3,746 20,416 4,554 6,415 7,965 1,482 18,836 4,186 3,504 10,629 513 16,996 3,473 3,191 8,941 388 10,112 1,970 2,311 5,479 352 16,644 9,170 2,633 4,167 568 12,127 1,279 3,048 7,724 76 9,643 3,311 1,827 4,374 130 22,449 5,164 5,360 4,326 7,597 183,897 30,660 37,388 109,014 6,844 66.2 13,210 49. U 3,302 47.7 2,702 87.7 6,614 67.1 691 51.9 71,609 48.5 24,633 45.6 14,496 61.8 28,761 62.2 5,726 63.5 19,760 49.1 6,367 45.2 4,880 65.5 8,241 60.1 1,269 62.8 33,702 49.0 8,122 61.9 8,999 80.1 12,711 54.3 3,860 63.1 18,260 49.4 3,991 49.1 4,299 59.9 9,793 60.4 78 48.8 21,162 48.8 9,002 49.4 2,200 54.6 2,282 4V.0 7,665 12.9 10.6 10.0 18.6 17.0 11.9 13.8 6.7 13.8 19.2 10.7 8.4 7.4 15.9 15.4 10.1 10.4 5.2 13.4 20.9 14.2 9.0 10.9 30.2 18.5 9.8 9.8 5.4 13.2 16.3 9.9 9.5 5.5 13.7 17.2 11.3 9.2 7.0 16.4 16.0 13.3 13.8 9.2 16.3 18.5 9.2 5.9 4.9 16.8 17.6 8.8 10.2 4.5 12.4 14.3 17.6 11.3 16.4 35.0 20.9 10.8 10.3 7.5 12.6 16.8 10.8 10.4 7.0 13.7 16.4 12.3 11.7 9.1 15.3 16.0 10.7 9.2 8.2 14.3 13.8 13.2 9.5 9.0 24.4 21.8 13.0 11.4 7.7 20.6 16.1 16.7 13.9 12.0 21.0 18.9 Di- vorced. 1,198 622 266 113 197 1,518 772 310 386 47 456 172 166 117 1 5,890 1,968 1,814 1,767 355 1,409 647 496 140 126 1,347 484 436 366 61 1,598 657 472 635 34 129 36 66 30 7 1,728 1,090 368 221 47 1,125 224 S09 379 13 251 16 698 228 150 27 293 6,213 1,617 1,319 2,070 206 289 126 83 69 11 1,904 972 480 307 145 814 361 208 166 80 2,S05 1,066 944 329 276 2,694 1,038 1,041 591 22 849 403 116 46 284 ' Total includes persons whose marital condition was not reported. MARITAL CONDITION. 165 MARITAL CONDITION OF THE POPULATION 15 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER IN CITIES HAVING FROM 25,000 TO 250,000 INHABITANTS: 1910. Table 36 Alabama Biimmgham MoMe Montgomery Arkansas Little Rock CalUomla Berkeley. OEkkland.. Pasadena Sacramento San Diego San Jose Coloiado Colorado Springs.... Denver Pueblo Connecticut Bridgeport Hartlord Meriden town Meriden city ... New Britain New Haven Norwlcli town Stamford town Stamford city... Waterbury Delaware Wilmington Florida Jacksonville Tampa Geoigla Atlanta Augusta Uacon Savannab Illinois Aurora Bloomington. . . Danville Decatur East St. Louis. Elgin Joliet Peoria Quincy Rockford Springfield Indiana Evansville Fort Wayne Indianapolis South Bend Terre Haute Iowa Cedar Rapids Clinton Council Bluffs Davenport Des Moines Dubuque Sioux City Waterloo Kansas City Topeka.. Wfcliita Kentucky Covington Lexington Louisville Newport Louisiana Shreveport Ualne Lewiston Portland MALES 15 TEAES OP AGE AND OVEE. Total.i 47,989 17,618 12,857 17,361 14,941 61,380 10,659 21,033 16,700 11,180 10,670 82,690 19,010 38,690 36, 167 11,476 9,714 16, 513 47, 664 9,785 10,446 8,848 26,857 32,425 22,601 13,824 53,119 14, 139 13,949 22,817 11,405 9,347 9,966 11,425 24,398 9,263 13,459 26,573 13,496 17,642 18, 652 25,550 23,312 88,890 19,746 21,765 12,258 9,827 11, 146 16,004 32,068 14,111 19,837 10,491 31,428 16,468 20,758 18,738 12,887 80,595 10,608 10,012 8,806 21,300 Single. Married. Num- ber. 17,821 6,882 4,843 6,705 6,059 24,891 3,686 10,086 6,716 4,328 3,719 32,045 15,686 14,635 4,604 S,8M 7,052 18,823 3,770 4,091 S,4S0 11,613 12, 765 8,464 5,713 20,065 5,388 5,066 8,477 4,67: 3,326 3,222 4,031 9,950 3,363 6,717 11,110 5,329 7,386 6,988 9,768 9,142 31,184 7,062 8,112 4,491 4,178 4,523 6,358 11,364 6,316 9,117 4,131 11,128 5,743 7,561 7,485 6,305 32,947 4,174 4,132 3,527 8,172 Per cent. 37.1 39.1 37.7 38.6 40.6 40.6 33.6 48 40.2 38.7 34.9 38.8 46.1 40.5 40.6 39.3 S9.4 42.7 39.5 38.5 39.2 S8.9 43.2 39.3 37.6 41.3 37.8 3a 1 36.3 37.2 40.1 35.6 32.3 35.3 40.8 36 2 42.6 4L8 39.6 41.9 37.5 38.2 39.2 35. 1 35.8 37.3 36.6 42 5 40.6 39.7 35.4 448 46.0 39.4 35.4 34.9 36.4 41.2 40.9 39.3 41.3 40.1 38.4 Num- ber. 27, 140 9,469 7,160 9,486 8,263 32, 761 6,387 9,654 8,612 6,122 6,249 45,541 9,249 21,280 19, 898 6,309 s,ses 8,817 26, 417 5,429 5,834 6,076 14, 174 17,806 12,277 7,408 30,467 7,847 7,908 12,959 Per cent. 14,199 13,016 52,299 11, 736 12,294 7,194 6,111 5,994 8,718 18,869 7,007 9,683 5,808 18,299 9,651 11,920 10,230 6,810 42,397 6,870 5,328 4,779 11,867 56 6 53.7 65.7 66.2 53.4 69.9 46.9 5L0 54.8 58.6 55.1 48.7 55.0 65.0 65.0 BS.S 63.4 55 4 55 5 56.8 68.7 52.8 54 9 64.6 63.6 57.4 56.5 56 7 66.8 64 7 58.7 62 1 69.1 54.4 68.1 52 8 51.1 64.2 63.8 66.5 55.6 65.8 6a8 59.4 56.6 58 7 52.0 53.8 64 6 6&8 49.7 48 8 55.4 68 2 6a 6 67 4 64 6 52.8 52.6 65.3 53.2 54 3 56.7 Widowed. Num- ber. 2,728 1,103 780 501 2,668 599 882 985 579 631 3,482 874 1,652 1,488 611 481 664 2,178 556 461 sse 987 1,690 1,109 664 2,376 795 846 1,214 432 452 435 511 950 376 414 1,314 704 644 861 1,357 909 4,283 661 1,012 463 426 617 758 1,238 716 746 407 1,383 836 884 878 662 4,318 481 498 1,078 Per cent. Di- vorced. 6.7 6.3 6.1 5.7 3.4 42 5.6 42 6.9 5.2 5.0 4 2 4 6 4 41 5.3 6.0 3 4 4 6 6.7 44 4-0 3.7 49 49 41 4 6 6.6 6.1 6.3 3.8 48 44 46 3.9 40 3.1 49 6.2 3.7 46 5.3 3.9 48 3.3 46 3.8 43 46 47 3.9 6.1 3.8 44 6.1 43 4 7 5.1 5.4 45 5.0 5.1 I 188 99 31 166 84 676 56 305 224 106 124 962 177 97 81 34 SO 28 134 20 24 «/ 48 74 148 87 163 43 40 41 51 109 100 176 76 70 380 89 97 161 186 209 873 158 259 93 79 76 109 384 65 141 246 167 280 121 79 799 70 37 44 140 FEMALES 15 TEAKS OP AGE AND OVEE. Total.i 46,170 20,139 15,177 17,179 16,318 55,066 13,484 16,207 14 901 11,331 11,649 81,308 13,814 36,598 36,648 11,697 9,9S0 14, 114 47,998 10,888 10. 336 8',9m 24,225 31,664 21,619 12,409 59,145 16, 533 16,330 25,071 10,912 10,372 10,446 11,683 18, 296 10,738 11,304 24,791 14,422 16,467 19,351 26,293 24,237 90, 417 18, 104 21,417 12,381 9,285 10, 174 16, 227 32, 215 14,639 16,216 9,459 27,879 16, 761 19,049 20,496 14,441 87,067 11,731 10,492 9,964 23,750 Single. Num- ber. 10,946 6,222 4,349 4,474 5,535 15,423 4,698 4,283 4,200 3,491 3,722 23,617 3,563 11,448 13,055 4,0S9 S,60S 4,826 16,649 4,148 3,536 S,065 8,670 10,232 5,345 2,903 16,777 4,908 4,127 7,009 3,435 3,437 2,768 3,426 4,648 3,778 3,757 8,185 6,099 5,462 6,271 8,382 8,650 25,362 4,992 6,172 3,139 3,061 5,430 9,668 5,995 6,477 2,838 6,836 4,908 6,195 7,203 4,822 29,565 4,093 2,892 3,943 8,536 Per cent. 23.7 30.9 2&7 26.0 33.9 2ao 34 1 28.2 28 2 30.8 32 29.0 26.7 32 2 35 6 36.3 S6.S 34 2 34 7 3a 1 34 2 S4.S 35.8 32.3 248 23.4 2a4 29.7 2ao 31.5 33.1 26 5 29.3 249 35.2 33.2 33.0 35.4 33.2 32 4 3L9 35.3 2ai 27.6 2&8 32 33.8 30.0 33.5 30 41.0 33.8 30.0 246 29.3 27.3 35.1 33.4 340 34 9 39.6 35.9 I Married. Num- ber. 27,267 9,715 7,667 9,575 7,959 31,310 6,642 8,612 8,317 5,965 6,201 45,732 8,650 20,178 19,196 6,261 6,SU 8,068 26, 510 6,359 6,618 4,880 13,272 17,368 12,683 7,609 31,816 8,205 8,152 13,508 8,152 5,616 6,333 6,783 11,792 5,646 6,319 13,301 7,431 9,192 10,580 14,327 12,923 51,801 11,006 12,291 7,085 4,986 6,946 8,743 18, 697 6,992 9,037 5,656 17,672 9,601 11,612 10,302 7,072 42,892 6,904 6,256 4,792 11,916 Per cent. 59.1 4a2 60.5 65.7 488 66 9 49.3 66.6 65.8 62.6 53.2 56 2 61.9 56.7 52.4 54 6S.6 67.2 53.1 49.2 644 64.8 648 5a9 60.5 63.8 49.6 53.2 53.9 56.4 53.2 60.6 5ai 645 51.6 65.9 63.7 6L5 65.8 54 7 546 53.3 57.3 60 8 57.4 57.2 53.7 58 4 53.9 58 47.8 55 7 59.8 63.4 57.3 61.0 50.3 49.0 49.3 60.3 50.1 48.1 60.2 Widowed. Num- ber. 7,503 3,924 3,012 2,816 2,246 7,464 2,101 2,013 2,158 1,706 1,569 10,293 1,471 3,782 4,215 1,185 1,04B 1,138 5,566 1,329 1,119 941 2,198 3,836 3,128 1,788 10,205 3,221 2,900 4,299 1,245 1,319 1,175 1,369 1,798 1,212 1,106 2,830 1,720 1,672 2,230 3,321 2,454 11,904 1,787 2,527 1,191 1,038 1,077 1,863 3,189 1,566 1,458 819 3,069 2,012 1,878 2,796 2,352 13,189 1,635 2,218 1,117 3,077 Per cent. 16.3 19.5 19.8 ia4 las 13.6 15.6 13.2 M.5 15.0 13.4 12 7 10.6 10.0 11.0 10.2 10.5 ai Di- vorced. 12 2 10. S 10.6 9.1 12.1 14 6 14 4 17.3 19.5 18 9 17.1 11.4 12 7 11.2 11.7 9.8 1L3 9.8 11.4 1L9 10.2 1L5 12.6 10.1 13.2 9.9 11.8 9.6 11.2 10.6 1L5 9.9 10.7 9.0 a 7 ILO 12 9.9 13.6 16.3 1.5.1 13.9 21.1 11.2 13.0 1 388 224 MO 304 563 822 121 287 202 157 148 1,537 179 149 146 43 !9 47 188 40 46 >6 69 113 311 129 112 201 62 83 160 95 142 130 63 346 127 120 191 234 296 1,230 20S 337 125 113 94 147 556 81 144 113 244 220 305 174 147 ,314 90 81 188 ] Total includes persons whose marital condition was not reported. 166 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. MARITAL CONDITION OF THE POPULATION 15 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER IN CITIES HAVING FROM 25,000 TO 250,000 INHABITANTS: 1910— Oontinued. Table 36— Continued. Massachusetts Brockton Brookllne town Cambridge Chelsea Chlcopee Everett Fall River ntchburg Haverhill. Holyoke Lawrence Lowell Lynn Maiden New Bedford Newton Pittsfleld Quincy Salem Somerville Springfield Taunton Waltham Worcester Ulchlgan Battle Creek Bay City Flint Grand Rapids Jackson Kalamazoo Lansing Saginaw Minnesota Duluth St. Paul Missouri Jopira Kansas City St. Joseph , Springfield Montana Butte ITebraska Lincoln Omaha South Omaha Ifew Hampshire Manchester Nashua New Jersey Atlantic City Bayonne Camden Bast Orange Elizabeth Hoboken Orange Passaic Paterson Perth Amboy Trenton West Hoboken town . Hew York Albany, Amsterdam Auburn Binghamton Elmira Jamestown Ktagston Mount Vernon NewBochelle Newburgh Niagara Falls Poughkeepsie Rochester Schenectady Syracuse Troy Utica Watertown Yonkers MALES 15 YEAE3 OF AGE AND OVER. Total.i 20,983 377 461 852 640 350 439 247 911 065 836 324 867 505 840 731 951 627 North Carolina Charlotte Wilmington . 9,668 15,343 17,727 40,379 12,312 14,641 13,072 18,196 34,518 84,805 11,651 100,038 30,429 12,620 17,679 16,339 60,145 10,341 24,648 9,481 17,735 19,605 33,964 11,322 26,657 26,443 10,070 17,994 44,128 11,804 36,801 12,214 36,933 11,252 13,739 17, 879 14,537 11,767 9,021 10,411 10,638 9,999 11,997 10,.072 81,719 28,718 61,997 26,432 26,631 9,921 27,998 10,998 8,600 Single. Num' ber. 8,017 3,233 14,775 4,623 3,289 3,991 14,637 5,348 5,966 7,981 12,681 15,823 13,440 6,171 12,663 4,836 4,948 4,672 6,202 9,008 12,267 4,750 3,820 22,642 2,900 6,725 7,932 14,138 4,128 5,120 6,122 6,523 18,068 42,324 3,833 37,590 12,293 4,272 9,246 6,127 22,417 4,782 10,272 6,744 8,024 11,614 3,799 10,850 11,325 3,973 6,412 17,040 4,486 14,671 4,340 16,546 4,443 5,436 6,416 6,081 4,350 3,611 3,722 4,636 3,876 4,778 3,744 33,314 11,816 20, 323 11, 299 10,586 3,152 11,425 4,030 3,383 Per cent. 38.2 38.6 41.7 39.0 38.5 36.2 38.1 40.4 37.5 41.9 41.1 42.4 39.7 35.6 37.4 38.0 41.4 40.2 41.4 34.1 38.4 39.6 40.fi 42.3 30.0 37.3 44.7 35.0 33.5 35.0 39.2 35.8 62.3 49.9 32.9 37.6 40.4 33.9 62.3 37; 6 44.7 46.2 41.7 40.6 38.0 40.9 34.2 33.6 40.7 42.8 39.5 36.6 38.6 38.0 39.6 35.6 42.1 39.5 39.6 36.9 41.8 37.0 38.9 36.8 43.0 38.8 39.8 37.2 40.3 41.1 39.1 42.7 39.8 31.8 40.8 Married. Num- ber. 36.6 39.8 12,027 4,796 18,973 6,453 4,936 6,886 21,810 7,316 9,014 10,191 16,769 19,566 18,591 8,682 19,686 7,417 6,462 6,508 7,991 16, 134 18, 106 6,637 6,160 28,399 6,201 8,816 8,950 24,125 7,310 8,534 7,312 10,640 14,887 38,783 7,046 64,691 16,100 7,699 7,724 9,364 24,816 5,147 13,186 5,140 9,956 10,932 20,639 7,086 14,830 13,914 5,631 10,688 24,720 7,011 20,612 7,422 19,087 6,369 7,576 10,431 7,628 6,866 6,058 6,302 6,661 5,461 6,744 6,608 44,537 15,836 29,076 13,609 14,642 6,135 16,622 Per cent. 6,428 4,727 57.3 67.3 53.5 64.4 57.8 60.7 56.7 66.2 66.7 63.5 64.4 52.4 64.9 59.9 58.2 58.3 64.1 66.0 63.3 61.1 56.7 56.3 54.8 63.0 64.1 67.5 60.5 69.7 69.4 58.3 66.9 68.6 43.1 45.7 60.6 64.7 52.9 60.2 43.7 67.3 49.5 63.6 64.2 56.1 65.8 60.8 62.6 55.6 52.6 66.9 59.4 66.0 59.4 66.0 60.8 61.7 66.6 65.1 68.3 62.6 68.3 66.1 60.5 63.6 64.6 66.2 56.7 54.6 65.1 65.9 61.1 56,0 61.8 65.4 Widowed. Num- ber. 68.4 55.0 321 1,617 659 306 436 1,901 627 826 834 1,312 1,789 1,619 602 1,366 461 497 411 703 1,166 1,359 578 404 2,323 406 716 650 1,562 583 644 476 786 619 4,582 1,492 581 613 2,240 319 1,043 432 840 618 1,580 415 918 1,109 404 465 2,020 277 1,603 434 2,072 419 681 892 783 427 420 369 312 633 408 506 3,466 957 2,151 1,549 1,283 466 1,006 Per cent. 493 348 Di- vorced. 3.9 3.8 4.6 5.6 3.6 3.8 4.9 4.0 6.2 4.4 4.3 4.8 4.6 4.2 4.0 3.6 4.2 3.5 4.7 4.4 4.3 4.8 4.3 4.3 4.2 4.7 3.7 3.9 4.7 4.4 3.6 4.3 2.6 3.7 6.3 4.6 2.8 3.8 4.5 3.1 4.2 4.6 4.7 3.2 4.7 3.7 3.4 4.2 4.0 2.6 4.6 2.3 4.1 3.6 6.6 3.7 6.0 6.0 5.4 3.6 4.7 3.5 3.0 6.3 3.4 5.6 4.2 3.3 4.1 5.9 4.8 4.7 3.6 4.6 4.1 109 16 85 38 7 20 79 30 94 38 202 43 90 20 41 31 66 66 203 32 27 168 123 241 160 138 131 105 436 120 1,104 271 80 136 99 662 FEMALES 15 TEARS OF AGE AND OVER. Total.i 112 69 79 19 42 81 38 39 26 6 27 19 38 114 247 70 148 41 74 38 20 11 21,340 14,063 40,213 10,938 8,462 12,404 42,672 13,612 16,950 21,176 30,767 40,506 33,918 17,096 34,952 16,966 11,924 11,267 16,070 30,618 34,555 12,818 11,632 52,946 10,066 15,776 12,524 41,725 11,956 15,678 11,060 19,127 23,381 76,429 11,090 95,607 28,267 12,874 12,145 16,687 44,667 7,519 25,904 9,464 17,986 16,343 33,673 16, 126 24,292 23,326 10,730 19,720 44,967 9,204 33, 191 12,282 40,813 12,122 13,276 20,194 14,712 11,850 10,338 11, 769 10,010 11,011 10,316 11,357 83,461 24, 127 51, 972 32,680 28,625 10,477 27,798 Single. Num- Per ber. cent. 6,927 7,577 16,005 3,684 3,042 3,988 16,269 5,010 6,720 8,966 11,600 16,610 11,359 6,208 11,934 7,824 4,478 3,796 6,296 10,366 12,609 4,792 5,217 19,937 2,561 5,148 3,010 12,916 3,216 4,940 2,682 6,164 8,071 31,566 2,571 27,196 8,669 3,625 3,615 6,292 15,200 2,119 10,210 3,369 5,446 4,800 9,218 6,046 7,728 7,462 4,030 7,664 16,609 2,619 10,338 3,744 15,928 4,576 4,423 6,830 5,102 3,649 3,853 4,234 3,485 4,020 3,123 3,998 30,252 6,670 17, 198 14, 110 10,686 3,078 10,266 12,333 9,676 ' Total Includes persons whose marital condition was not reported. 3,935 3,080 Harried. Num- ber. 32.6 53.9 39.8 33.7 36.9 32.2 38.2 37.1 33.7 42.3 37.4 41.0 33.6 36.3 34.1 46.1 37.6 33.7 39.2 34.0 36.2 37.4 44.9 37.7 26.4 32.6 24.0 31.0 26.9 31.6 24.3 32.2 34.6 41.3 23.2 28.4 30.3 28.2 29.8 31.9 34.0 28.2 39.4 35.6 30.3 29.4 27.4 40.0 31.8 32.0 37.6 38.8 34.5 27.4 31.1 30.6 39.0 37.7 33.3 33.8 34.7 30.8 37.3 36.0 34.8 36.5 30.3 35.2 36.2 27.2 33.1 43.3 37.0 29.4 36.9 31.9 31.8 12,084 6,069 19,218 6,032 4,669 7,008 21,839 7,162 8,953 10,127 16,186 19,396 18,193 8,798 19,171 7,329 6,163 6,325 7,848 16,264 17,947 6,453 5,123 27,271 6,136 8,867 8,209 24,013 6,978 8,681 7,061 10,642 13,242 37,713 Per cent. 64,397 15,934 7,620 7,117 9,442 24,213 4,759 12,705 4,985 10,005 10, 116 20,470 7,310 14,110 13,303 5,633 10,298 24,426 6,051 19, 189 7,294 19,195 6,224 6,999 10,500 7,664 6,731 5,076 6,138 5,438 6,476 6,080 5,732 43,427 16, 180 28,204 13,709 14,360 6,041 14,720 6,584 6,013 Widowed. Num- ber. 66.6 36.1 47.8 65.1 65.2 66.5 61.3 52.9 62.8 47.8 62.6 47.9 53.6 51.5 54.8 43.2 51.6 66.1 48.8 53.3 61.9 60.3 44.0 51.6 61.0 56.2 65.5 57.6 68.4 65.4 63.8 65.6 56. 6 63.1 56.9 66.4 59.2 68.6 56.9 64.2 63.3 49.0 62.7 65.6 61.9 60.8 48.3 68.1 67.0 61.6 62.2 64.3 66.7 67.8 59.4 47.0 61.3 52.7 52.0 61.4 66.8 49.1 62,2 64.3 49.7 68.9 50.6 62.0 62.9 64.3 42.1 60.2 57.7 63.0 53.4 61.8 Per cent. 2,160 1,328 4,832 1,169 732 1,348 4,320 1,312 2,106 2,029 3,006 4,334 4,012 1,996 3,683 1,756 1,246 1,103 1,840 3,763 3,906 1,608 1,240 6,476 1,186 1,648 1,164 4,199 1,527 1,710 1,149 2,064 1,567 6,583 1,342 11,865 1,267 1,706 4,565 574 2,771 1,061 2,389 1,408 3,837 1,730 2,387 2,492 1,107 1,412 4,760 612 3,547 1,219 5,469 1,293 1,809 2,722 1,961 1,349 1,359 1,369 1,067 1,387 1,070 1,567 9,332 2,261 6,063 4,638 3,516 1,235 2,740 1,746 1,623 10.1 9.4 12.0 10.7 8.7 10.9 10.1 9.7 12.4 9.6 10.0 10.7 11.8 11.7 10.5 10.3 10.4 9.8 11.4 12.3 11.3 11.8 10.7 10.3 11.8 10.4 9.2 10.1 12.8 10.9 10.4 10.8 6.7 8.6 12.1 12.4 11.8 11.1 10.4 10.3 10.2 7.6 10.7 11.2 Di- vorced. 172 62 137 49 12 48 126 38 166 47 62 133 297 80 145 48 43 35 76 116 172 63 51 226 164 100 151 407 205 245 160 172 166 432 178 1,509 368 146 139 124 624 SI 161 47 13.3 78 S.6 5 11.4 120 11.4 27 9.8 33 10.7 38 10.3 20 7.2 35 10.6 103 6.R 13 10.7 104 9.9 19 13.4 132 10.7 26 13.6 43 1,3,6 114 13.3 79 11.4 63 13.1 36 11,6 19 10.6 22 12.6 29 10.4 34 13.8 32 11.2 320 9.4 94 11.7 241 14.2 84 12.3 135 11.8 45 9.9 52 14.2 30 16.7 27 MARITAL CONDITION. 167 MARITAL CONDITION OF THE POPULATION 15 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER IN CITIES HAVING FROM 25,000 TO 250,000 INHABITANTS: 1910— Continued. Table 36— Continued. Ohio Akron Canton Columbus Dayton Hamilton Lima Lorain Newark Spring&eld Toledo Youngstown . . . ZanesvUle Oklahoma Muskogee Oklahoma City... Oregon Portland Pennsylvania AUentown Altoona Chester Easton Erie Harrisburg Hazleton Johnstown Lancaster McKeesport Newcastle Norrlstown borough. . Beading Scranton Shenandoah borough. Wllkes-Barre "Williamsport York Rhode Island Newport Pawtuoket Providence "Warwick town . "Woonsocket South Carolina Charleston Columbia Tennessee Chattanooga. KnoxTllle Memphis Nashville Texas Austin Dallas El Paso Fort Worth.. Galveston — Houston San Antonio., Waco Utah Ogden Salt Lake City... - Virginia Lynchburg Norfolk Portsmouth Elchmond Boanoke Washington Seattle Spokane Taeoma West Virginia Huntuigton Wheeling Wisconsin Green Bay Lacrosse Madison Oshkosh Racine Sheboygan Superior MALES 15 YEARS OF AGE AND OVEB. Total.! 28,021 19,909 70,787 44,526 12,993 11,065 11,709 9,816 18,029 62, 129 32, 672 10,197 10, 136 28,304 99,231 17,991 18,639 14,674 10,291 23,701 23,421 8,238 22,613 16,009 15, 414 13,875 10,028 34, 411 44,878 9,716 22,984 10,920 15,870 11,650 18,071 80,993 9,258 12,799 19,258 9,060 16, 867 12,963 51,360 37,325 10,339 34,924 13,708 29,182 14,621 30, 169 33,374 8,946 9,210 33,787 9,693 24,295 12,935 44,400 12,238 113,337 45,378 37,584 11,264 15,078 8,236 10,583 9,241 11,381 14,749 9,557 17,356 Single. Num- ber. 10,756 7,796 27,888 15,848 5,070 3,888 4,377 3,514 6,502 22,568 13,334 3,621 4,041 12,364 51,380 5,765 6,846 5,826 3,638 8,780 8,044 3,290 9,246 5,749 6,278 5,169 4,143 12,124 18,471 4,879 9,526 3,712 5,482 6,374 7,289 32,644 3,443 5,248 7,593 3,635 6,628 6,205 20,833 13,965 4,060 14,013 5,266 11,446 6,478 11,912 12,796 3,292 3,384 13, 595 4,066 10,100 6,426 18,838 5,047 57,959 20,457 17,531 4,453 5,951 3,050 4,432 3,837 4,303 6,507 3,724 9,987 Per cent. 38.4 39.2 39.4 35.6 39.0 35.1 37.4 35.8 36.1 36.3 40.8 35.5 39.9 43.7 51.8 32.0 36.7 39.7 35.4 37.0 34.3 39.9 40.9 35.9 40.7 37.3 41.3 35.2 41.2 50.2 41.4 34.0 34.5 54.7 40.3 40.3 37.2 41.0 39.4 40.1 38.7 40.2 40.6 37.4 40.1 38.3 39.2 44.3 39.6 38.3 36.7 40.2 42.4 41.6 49.7 42.4 41.2 51.1 45.1 46.6 39.5 39.5 Married. Num- ber. 16,050 11,270 39,240 26,340 7,223 6,612 7,060 5,813 10,242 36,345 18,063 6,048 6,412 14,426 42,271 11,295 10,993 8,028 6,053 13,641 14, 135 4,678 12,6% 9,295 8,529 8,186 5,342 20,402 24,470 4,651 12,601 6,606 9,601 4,774 9,779 43,667 6,279 6,986 10,307 4,968 9,110 7,082 26,404 20,933 5,364 18,658 7,591 15,669 7,144 Ifi, 194 18,429 5,070 4,946 18,299 5,111 12,876 6,915 23,138 6,672 48, 132 22,981 17,216 6,343 8,326 Pet cent. Widowed. 37.0 4,806 41.9 5,697 41.5 5,016 37.8 6,465 44.1 7,628 39.0 6,354 57.6 6,730 57.3 56.6 56.4 59.2 65.6 59.8 60.2 69.2 66.8 58.5 55.3 59.3 53.4 61'; 42.6 62.8 59.0 64.7 68.8 57.1 60.4 56.8 56.1 68.1 65.3 59.0 53.3 59.3 64.5 47.9 54.4 60.6 41.0 54.1 53.9 57.0 64.6 53.5 54.8 54.0 64.6 61.4 56.1 51.9 53.4 66.4 53.7 48.9 53.7 55.2 56.7 53.7 54.2 53.3 53.0 45.7 52.1 64.5 42.5 50.6 46.8 66.3 65.2 58.4 53.0 64.3 56.8 51.7 56.0 Num- ber. Per cent. 679 2,914 1,920 594 468 246 418 908 2,764 948 435 1,129 3,797 842 715 640 549 1,110 1,112 247 694 861 653 415 461 1,684 1,570 166 853 571 784 445 920 3,994 484 617 1,119 381 1,036 560 2,928 2,194 661 1,820 547 1,309 804 1,650 1,626 349 233 987 383 1,208 545 2,173 471 3,544 1,254 1,269 361 631 332 459 334 512 497 336 463 3.6 3.4 4.1 4.3 4.6 4.1 2.1 4.3 5.0 4.4 2,9 4.3 5.2 4.0 4.7 3.8 4.4 5.3 4.7 4.7 3.0 2.6 5.4 3.6 3.0 4.6 4.9 3.5 1.6 3.7 5.2 4.9 3.8 6.1 4.9 5.2 4.0 5.8 4.2 6.1 4.2 6.7 5.9 6.4 5.2 4.0 4.5 5.6 6.5 4.9 3.9 2.5 2.9 4.0 6.0 4.2 4.9 3.1 2.8 3.4 3.2 4.2 4.0 4.3 3.6 4.5 3.4 3.5 2.7 Di- vorced. 178 108 646 364 86 61 30 61 93 394 95 61 66 67 48 47 49 96 123 16 52 96 35 63 30 179 71 6 41 27 96 52 567 41 35 121 54 626 208 91 369 63 289 179 258 321 44 39 309 30 79 21 142 35 1,192 395 316 FEMALES 16 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER. Total.i 23,895 17,693 69,463 43,462 12,633 11,202 7,978 9,340 17,401 61,463 24,443 11,060 8,577 20,874 68,974 19,688 18,255 13,540 11,209 23,169 26,157 8,196 16,292 19,052 13, 162 11,923 11-, 316 35,561 43,380 6,481 22,893 12,834 16,717 9,221 19, 163 84,507 9,289 13,260 23,153 10,089 16,646 13, 945 49,484 43,240 11,347 33, 811 13,426 24,392 12,829 28,683 34,682 9,584 8,169 31,563 11,479 25,724 11,065 49,808 12,066 77,200 34,854 26,380 10,527 15,648 8,842 11,629 10,097 12, 112 12, 811 8,782 10,998 Single. Num- ber. 6,673 6,273 21,889 12,639 3,837 3,272 1,698 2,603 6,040 18,936 7,073 2,122 6,133 21, 868 6,232 5,704 4,465 3,635 7,317 7,872 2,920 6,043 7,034 3,983 3,236 4,470 11,068 16,338 1,745 8,482 4,528 5,276 3,395 ..7,264 ^1,607 3,098 5,276 7,602 3,26a 4,433 4,611 13,094 13,103 3,827 9,098 3,476 6,630 3,767 7,607 10,071 2,783 2,348 9,174 4,361 8,188 3,269 18,076 3,975 22,740 10,008 7,503 3,204 6,321 3,199 4,664 3,954 4,232 4,220 2,837 Per cent. Married. Num- Per ber. cent. 27.9 29.8 31.5 29.1 30.6 29.2 21.3 27.9 29.0 30.8 28.9 31.5 24.7 24.6 31.7 31.2 33.0 32.4 31.6 31.3 35.6 31.0 36.9 30.3 27.1 39.5 31.1 35.4 26.9 37.1 35.3 31.6 36.8 37.9 37.4 33.4 39.8 32.8 32.3 26.6 33.1 26.5 30.3 33.7 26.9 25.9 22.7 29.4 26.5 29.1 29.0 14,634 10,637 38,265 26,246 7,091 6,646 5,751 5,460 10, 160 36,569 16,007 6,094 5,436 13,486 38,987 11,303 10,674 7,483 6,116 13,094 14, 117 4,598 9,831 9,372 7,943 7,439 6,409 20,357 23,649 4,274 12,099 6,651 9,488 4,617 9,763 42,253 5,212 6,801 10,745 5,024 9,276 7,238 26,836 21,473 5,535 18,846 7,850 15,225 6,929 16, 213 18,841 5,237 28.7 29.1 4,848 18, 190 38.0 31.8 29.5 36.3 32.9 5,257 13,445 5,979 23,290 6,639 29.5 28.7 28.4 46,343 21,557 15,985 30.4 34.0 6,237 8,372 36.2 40.0 39.2 34.9 32.9 32.3 34.6 4,842 5,688 4,968 6,462 7,270 5,107 6,384 61.2 59.6 55.1 58.1 66.6 59.3 72.1 58.5 58.4 67.9 61.4 55.1 63.4 64.6 56.5 67.4 63.5 65.3 54.6 56.5 56.1 56.1 60.3 49.2 60.3 62.4 47.8 67.3 64.5 65.9 62.9 51.8 56.8 60.1 51.0 60.0 66.1 51.3 46.4 49.8 56.7 61.9 54.2 49.7 48.8 66.7 58.5 62.4 54.0 66.6 64.5 54.6 59.3 67.6 45.8 52.3 54.1 46.8 65.0 Widowed. Num- ber. 2^,340 1,734 8,351 6,139 1,476 1,146 492 1,162 1,981 6,426 2,176 1,334 878 1,921 6,940 2,044 1,773 1,430 1,397 2,540 2,990 658 1,351 2,496 1,169 1,131 1,348 3,882 4,017 449 2,208 1,676 1,806 1,155 1,989 9,606 905 1,128 4,582 1,731 2,694 1,923 8,346 8,141 1,668 6,219 1,943 3,078 1,867 4,295 4,983 1,302 779 3,299 1,768 3,900 1,782 8,122 1,375 Per cent. 68.7 7,348 61.8 2,768 60.6 2,301 59.2 954 53.6 1,816 64.8 723 48. 1 1,238 49.2 1,076 63.3 1,298 h«.V 1,218 68 2 703 68.0 7'18 12.0 11.8 11.8 10.2 6.2 12.4 11.4 10.5 8.9 12.1 10.2 9.2 Di- vorced. 230 129 824 421 119 118 37 109 120 482 123 123 101 252 1,090 19.8 17.2 16.2 13.8 16.9 18.8 14.7 16.4 14.6 12.6 14.5 15.0 14.4 13.6 9.5 10.6 16.4 15.2 16.1 16.3 11.4 9.5 7.9 8.7 10.4 93 9.7 60 10.6 47 12.6 69 11.0 148 11.9 173 8.0 17 8.3 54 13.1 145 8.9 52 9.6 88 11.9 53 10.9 235 9.3 108 6.9 3 9.6 75 12.3 77 10.8 142 12.5 42 10.4 110 11.4 947 9.7 . 62 8.5 26 9.1 11.6 8.2 10.6 10.7 10.7 9.5 R.O 6.5 205 121 1,041 499 185 609 126 403 265 508 567 131 56 421 92 172 28 231 67 1,364 410 330 96 83 64 126 77 119 71 49 62 ' Total hicludes persons whose marital condition was not reported. Ohaptee 4. STATE OF BIRTH OF NATIVE POPULATION. Introduction. — This chapter summarizes the data obtained in answer to the inquiry on the population schedule as to the state or territory of birth of per- sons born in the United States. This inquiry has been included at each census beginning with that of 1850. The returns are valuable mainly for the light they throw upon the migration of population within the United States. The term "native population" as ordinarily used by the Bureau of the Census comprises all persons born in the United States, including those bom in Alaska, Hawaii, Porto Eico, and other outlying possessions of the United States, persons born at sea under the United States flag, and persons of native parentage born abroad and designated as "American citizens born abroad." The native population living in the United States (excluding persons living in outlying possessions) as above defined, numbered, in 1910, 78,456,380 persons, of whom 78,095,419 were reported as born in some specified state of the United States proper (that is, in the United States exclusive of out- lying possessions), 7,365 as born in Alaska, Hawaii, Porto Rico, or other outlying possessions, 1,560 as born at sea under the United States flag, and 66,351 as American citizens born abroad. There remain 285,685 persons for whom the place of birth was either not reported at all or was reported as the United States without specifying the state or territory. These have been classified as bom in the United States, state of birth not reported. The several classes of native population above enumerated are shown by geographic divisions in Table 1. Table 1 Total pop- ulation: 1910 NATIVE POFDLATION. DIVISION or BESIDENCE. Total. Bom in the United States and with state of birth re- ported. Bom in out- lying posses- sions or at sea. Amer- ican citi- zens bom abroad. ► State of birth not re- ported. trmted States.... 91,972,266 6,552,681 19,315,892 18,250,621 11,637,921 12,194,895 8,409,901 8,784,634 2,633,617 4,192,304 78,456,380 4,727,571 14,464,719 15,176,856 10,021,226 11,894,901 8,322,076 8,432,342 2,180,195 3,236,495 78,095,119 4,702,088 14,410,386 16,103,330 9,961,467 11,869,668 8,304,102 8,392,981 2,158,616 3,192,792 8,925 373 1,171 467 343 545 89 373 270 6,304 66,351 13,786 14, 139 16,121 6,466 1,957 641 2,792 3,859 7,590 286,686 11,324 Middle Atlantic East North Central.. . . West North Central... South Atlantic East South Central.... West South Central. . . 39,024 67,947 52,950 22,741 17,244 36l»6 17,460 Pacific 30,809 Many of the tables in this chapter are confined to the native population reported as born in some one of the states; and when it is believed that the connection makes the meaning clear, the terms "native" and "native American" are frequently used in the text in a restricted sense to include this class only. The table headings are more precise. General extent of migration of native population within tie United States. — Of the 78,095,419 persons reported in 1910 as born in some specified state, 61,185,305 were bom in the same state in which they were resid- ing at the time the census was taken, as shown by Table 2. The remainder, 16,910,114, had migrated from the state in which they were bom and were living in some other state. The persons who had thus migrated formed 21.7 per cent of the total. This per- centage differs but little from those shown by the four previous censuses, which have ranged from 23.2 per cent in 1870 to 20.6 per cent in 1900. Table 2. POPULAmON BORN IN AND LIVING IN THE UNITED STATES' AND WITH STATE OF BIETH HEPOETED. CENSUS TEAR. Total. Bom in state of residence. Bom in other states. Number. Per cent. 1910 78,095,419 66,402,767 « 52, 965, 719 43,476,498 32,978,660 61,185,305 61,901,722 41,871,611 33,882,734 26,321,340 16,910,114 13,501,045 11,094,108 9,592,764 7,657,320 21 7 1900 20 6 1890 1880... . 22 1 1870 . . 23 2 1 Exclusive of outlying possessions. * Exclusive of population of Indian Territory and Indian reservations, specially enumerated in 1890, with a native population of 325,451, which, how- ever, was not distributed by state of birth. These areas were not enumerated in 1880 or 1870. The fact that each census from 1870 to 1910 showed that about one-fifth of the native Americans had migrated from the state in which born to other states indicates a rather high degree of mobility on the part of the population, especially when it is remem- bered that the census distinguishes only those persons who have migrated across state lines and not those who have moved from one locality to another within the same state. There is no doubt that some migra- tion within the same state involves a greater change of environment, and even a longer journey, than some of the migration across state lines. Much of the move- ment from country to city takes place within the con- fines of the same state; on the other hand, some of the interstate migration is merely from one border county or city to another just across the state line. Computations made in connection with the census of 1900 indicated that almost one-half of the persons hving outside of the state of birth lived in states adjoining the state of birth. (169) 170 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. It is obvious that the statistics in Table 2 showing the number of persons hving outside of the state of birth at a given census do not represent the total number of persons who have migrated from the state of birth during any given period of time. Some of those who have migrated have died, and the statis- tics show only those hving at the time of enumeration, who may be briefly described as surviving migrants. Interdivisional migration. — ^Table 3 shows the differ- ence between the total number of native Americans Hving in each of the nuie geographic divisions and the total number born in each division as reported at the census of 1910. 'Table 3 POPULATION BOEN IS AND LIVINQ IN THE UNITED STATES 1 AND "WITH STATE OF BIRTH REPORTED : 1910 IIIVI3I0N. Born in the specified (fiTision. Living In the specified division. Gain (+) or loss (-) by interstate migration (C0I.2-C0I.I). 1 2 S United States 78,095,419 4,907,215 15,342,852 16,479,755 9,449,180 12,770,824 9,481,023 6,758,408 1,289,296 1,616,866 78,095,419 4,702,088 14,410,385 15,103,330 9,961,467 11,869,658 8,304,102 8,392,981 2,158,616 3,192,792 New England —205,127 Middle Atlantic -932,467 -1,376,425 +512,287 —901, 166 East North Central West North Central South Atlantic -1,176,921 +1,634,573 +869,320 +1,675,926 West South Central Pacific 1 Exclusive of outlying possessions. The table shows that there were, in 1910, 4,907,215 persons living in the United States (exclusive of outlying possessions) who were reported as born in New England, while the number of native Americans residing in New England was 4,702,088, or 205,127 less. This difference represents the net loss to New England in the balancing of surviving emigrants. To put the matter in another way, if all persons should return to the division in which they were bom, the number of persons coming back to New England would exceed by 205,127 the number of persons leav- ing New England for other parts of the Umted States. It is evident that the number of persons reported as bom in any division by no means indicates what the native American population of that division would have been had there been no interstate migration on the part of the present generation. If every person now Hving who was born in New England had re- mained there, the Hving children and grandchildren of such persons would have been added to the popu- lation of that division; as it is, the children and grandchildren of those who migrated elsewhere appear as natives of other divisions. The converse is true regarding the descendants of persons bom in other divisions and now Hving in New England. Thus while the census makes it possible to measure what may be termed the direct effects of the migration of persons still living, it affords no means of measuring the indirect effects. AH divisions east of the Mississippi have lost more than they have gained as the direct result of the mi- gration of persons still Hving. The more westerly divisions — the West North Central, West South Cen- tral, Mountain, and Pacific — ^have gained largely by such migration. If aU the native Americans in the country should return to the states where they were born, the Pacific division would lose nearly one-half of its native American population. The preceding table shows only the net effects of migration, the last column representing the difference between the number of persons bom in a given divi- sion who were living outside of it and the number liv- ing in the division who were bom outside. These numbers are shown in Table 4. •Table 4 POPULATION BORN IN AND LIVING IN THE UNITED STATES' AND WITH STATE OF BIRTH REPORTED: 1910 Gain (+) or loss (-) through Interstate Bom in the specified division. Bom in and hving in the specified division. Living in the specified division. DIVISION. Total (col. 4 + col. 2). Living in other divisions. Total (col. 4 + col. 6). Bom in other divisions. migration (col. 5 — col. 1 or col. 6- Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. col. 2). 1 2 S • 4 6 6 7 8 United States 78,095,419 4, 907, 215 15,342,852 16,479,755 9,449,180 12, 770, 824 9,481,023 6,758,408 1,289,296 1,616,866 11,349,040 668,763 1, 881, 406 3,077,070 1,840,185 1,478,110 1,788,681 410,956 188,290 115,579 14.6 11.6 12.3 18.7 19.5 11.6 18.9 6.1 14.6 7.1 66,746,379 4,338,452 13,461,446 13,402,685 7,608,995 11,292,714 7,692,342 6,347,452 1,101,006 1,501,287 78,095,419 4,702,088 14,410,385 15,103,330 9,961,487 11,869,658 8,304,102 8,392,981 2,158,616 3,192,792 11,349,040 363,636 948,939 1,700,645 2,352,472 576,944 611,760 2,045,629 1,057,610 1,691,505 14.5 7.7 6.6 11.3 23.6 4.9 7.4 24.4 49.0 53.0 Mirlriln At.lantin -932,467 1 376 425 East North Central West North Central.. .. +5121287 East South Central -1,176,921 +1,634,573 +869,320 +1,575,926 West South Central Pacific 1 Exclusive of outlying possessions. Of the 78,095,419 native Americans enumerated in 1910 with state of birth reported, 11,349,040, or 14.5 per cent, were living outside the division in which born. This percentage is lower than the percentage living out- side the state in which born (21.7), as shown by Table 2, for the obvious reason that many persons migrate from one state to another within the same geographic division. They are interstate migrants, but not interdivisional. Table 4 shows that in 1910 of the 4,907,215 persons born in New England 4,338,452 were stiU living there STATE OF BIRTH OF NATIVE POPULATION. 171 ■while 568,763 were living in other divisions; on the other hand, there were 363,636 persons living in New England who had been born in other divisions. The •difiEerence between the two figures last named, 205,127, is the direct loss to New England by interstate migration, as already shown in Table 3. Of the population born in New England, 11.6 per cent had -emigrated to other divisions, and of the native Ameri- can population living in New England 7.7 per cent iad immigrated from other divisions. These state- ments indicate how the table is to be read. This table also shows that in 1910 a much larger per- •centage of the native American population of the West North Central, West South Central, Mountain, •and Pacific divisions consisted of persons born outside those divisions than in the case of the five more easterly geographic divisions. In the Mountain and Pacific divisions about one-half of the nativeAmeri- can population consisted of those born outside; in the South Atlantic division the proportion was only 4.9 per cent. It is noteworthy that, notwithstanding the large number of persons living in the West North Central division who were born outside it, the percentage of its own natives living outside its borders (19.5 per cent) was larger than the corresponding percentage for any other geographic division. The statistics indicate that the earlier extensive migration into this division has been followed by a very considerable migration out of it toward the West and South. The lowest proportion living outside the division of birth in 1910 was that for persons bom in the West South Central division, 6.1 per cent. Table 5 is in effect a continuation in condensed form of Table 4. It shows the migration to and from each geographic division as reported at each census from 1870 to 1910; that is, it shows what proportion of the total population reported at each census as bom in the division was living in other divisions, and, conversely, what proportion of the native American population living in each geographic division was born in other divisions. POPULATION BORN IN AND LIVING IN THE UNITED STATES, BY DIVISIONS: 1870-1910. T'able 6 POPULATION BORN IN AND LIVING IN THE UNITED STATES 1 AND WITH STATE OP BIRTH REPORTED. DIVISION AND CENSUS YEAR. Born in the specified division. Living in the specified division. Net gain (+) or loss (— ) through Total. Living in other divisions. Total. Born in other divisions. interstate migration. Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. .New England: 1910 . . - - 4,907,215 4,338,274 3,898,003 3,643,424 3,293,103 15,342.862 13, 178; 117 11,177,406 9,843,732 8,186,679 16,479,755 14,160,456 11,596,441 9, 179, 161 6,618,328 9,449,180 7,448,659 5,262,124 3,276,998 1,801,712 12,770,824 11,161,575 9,616,872 8,509,714 6,828,793 9,481,023 8,325,166 6,978,603 6,019,996 4,591,940 6,768,408 4,865,385 3,242,235 2,257,662 1,269,192 1,289,296 835,868 469,834 285,621 156,724 1,616,866 1,099,277 724,201 459,190 233,189 568,763 526,979 564,572 687,039 668,707 1,881,406 1,808,060 1,818,364 1,785,831 1,596,101 3,077,070 2,473.049 2,194,918 1,552,367 930, 119 1,840,185 1,101,856 592,940 333,539 176,027 1,478,110 1,372,186 1,291,048 1,335,735 1,318,504 1,788,681 1,482,208 1,255,789 1, 146, 840 932,776 410,966 231,088 149,286 108,466 74,374 188,290 84,466 36,314 17,969 6,140 115,579 74,379 39.888 26,332 12,109 11.6 12.1 14.5 16.1 17.3 12.3 13.7 16.3 18.1 19.5 18.7 17.5 18.9 16.9 14.1 19.6 14.8 11.3 10.2 9.8 11.6 12.3 13.4 15.7 19.3 18.9 17.8 18.0 19.1 20.3 6.1 4.8 4.6 4.8 6.9 14.6 10.1 7.7 6.3 3.9 7.1 6.8 6.5 6.5 5.2 4,702,088 4,119,509 3,540,916 3,216,890 2,838,792 14,410,385 12,089,967 9,840,357 8,475,904 6,935,402 15,103,330 13,305,007 10,890,202 9,289,997 7,460,310 9,961,467 8,777,275 7,278,499 5,157,213 3,183,301 11,869,658 10,211,017 8,625,681 7,422,906 5,686,136 8,304,102 7,444,534 6,292,013 6,489,952 4,299,251 8,392,981 6,244,819 4,279,938 3,156,090 1,899,927 2,168,616 1,361,469 883,236 492,226 228,290 3, 192, 792 1,849,170 1,334,879 775,320 447,251 363,636 . 308,214 207,484 160, 505 114,396 948,939 719,910 481,315 418,003 344,824 1,700,645 1,617,000 1,488,679 1,663,203 1,772,101 2,352,472 2,430,472 2,609,315 2,213,754 1,557,616 576,944 421,628 299,857 248,927 175,847 611,760 601, 576 569, 199 616,796 640,087 2,045,529 1,620,522 1,186,989 1,005,884 705,109 1,057,610 610,077 449,715 224,574 78,706 1,691,505 824,272 650,566 341,462 226,171 7.7 7.6 6.9 6.0 4.0 6.6 6.0 4.9 4.9 5.0 1L3 12.2 13.7 17.9 23.8 23.6 27.7 35.8 42.9 48.9 4.9 4.1 3.5 3.4 3.1 7.4 8.1 9.0 11.2 14.9 24.4 25.9 27.7 31.9 37.1 49.0 44.8 50.9 45.6 34.5 53.0 44.6 48.7 44.0 50.6 -205,127 1900 -218,765 -367,088 1880 -426,534 -454,311 Middle Atlantic: 1910 -932,467 -1,088,160 1890 ' —1,337,049 -1,367,828 1870 -1,251,277 East Nobth Central: 1910 -1,376,425 1900 -855,449 -706,239 +110,836 1870 +841,982 West North Centbal: 1910 +512,287 +1,328,616 1890 +2,016,375 1880 +1,880,215 +1,381,589 South Atlantic: -901,166 -950,658 -991,191 1880 -1,086,808 -1,142,657 iEast South Central: -1,176,921 -880,632 -686,590 -630,044 -292,689 West South Central: + 1,634,673 +1,389,434 +1,037,703 1880 +897,428 +630, 735 Mountain: +869,320 +525,611 +413,401 +206,605 1870 + 72,566 Pacific: +1,575,926 +749, 893 1890 +610, 678 1880 +316, 130 +214,062 ' Exclusive of outlying possessions. 172 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. In 1870, 17.3 per cent of the persons born in New- England were living in other divisions. In 1910, the percentage had declined to 11.6. There was a simUar decline in the percentage for the Middle Atlantic and South Atlantic divisions. The two North Central divisions show an increase in this percentage. The two South Central divisions show, on the whole, no marked change in this respect, but the percentage of emigrants from the Mountaia division has greatly increased, while that of emigrants from the Pacific division has increased in some degree. In the case of the New England and Middle Atlantic divisions there has been some increase in the relative importance of domestic immigration, as indicated by the percentage of the native American population bom outside of the division. Thus, in 1870, 4 per cent of the total population bom in the United States and hving in New England were bom outside New England. By 1910 the proportion had increased to 7.7 per cent. The South Atlantic division also shows some increase in this percentage, but the four central divisions show a rather marked decline. Thus, in 1870, almost one-haK (48.9 per cent) of the total native popiilation inhabiting the West North Central division were bom in other parts of the United States, as against less than one-fourth (23.6 per cent) in 1910. In the Mountain and Pacific divisions the percentage has fluctuated without any continuous movement toward either a higher or a lower percentage. It is noteworthy, however, that, notwithstanding the large migration to the Pacific coast ia the years following the discovery of gold in California, the proportion of the native population of the Pacific division reported as bom outside that division was larger in 1910 than at any preceding census back to and including 1870. Comparing the returns for 1910 with those for 1900, as shown in Table 5, the divisions may be placed in two groups — ^first, those in which the direct loss through interdivisional migration of persons now Hving was reduced or the gain increased during the decade, and, second, those of which the converse is true, the loss beiag increased or the gain reduced. The two groups are distinguished by the last two columns of Table 6. The first group includes the New England, Middle Atlantic, and South Atlantic divisions, in which the loss through interstate migration has been reduced, and also the West South Central, Mountain, and Pacific divisions, in which the gain has been increased. The second group iacludes the East North Central and East South Central divisions, in which the loss has been increased, and also the West North Central, in which the gain has been reduced. In 1900 the West North Central division had gained 1,328,616 persons, but in 1910 the gain was only 512,287, a reduction of 816,329. The figures presented in the last two columns of Table 6, however, by no means represent the difference between migration into and migration out of the re- respective divisions during the past 10 years. Changes in the gains or losses are also affected by deaths among those who had previously migrated. Undoubt- edly, however, in the case of marked changes in gain or loss between 1900 and 1910, migration during the decade has been the principal factor. Table 6 DIVISION. NET GAIN (+) OB LOSS ( — ) THEOUGH INTERSTATE MIGBATION. Reduction of loss or increase of gain: 1900-1910 Increase of loss or reduction of gain: 1900-1910 1910 1900 -206,127 -932,467 -1,376,425 +612,287 -901,166 -1,176,921 +1,634,573 +869,320 +1,675,926 -218,765 -1,088,160 -855,449 +1,328,616 -950,558 -880,632 +1,389,434 +525,611 +749,893 13,638 156,683 Middle Atlantic East North Central 520,976 816,329 South Atlantic 49,392 East South Central 290,289 245,139 343,709 826,033 Pacific Table 5 shows that in the New England and South Atlantic divisions the net loss through interstate mi- gration has steadily declined. In the case of the East North Central division the gain shown at the censuses of 1870 and 1880 has given place to a loss which was much greater m 1910 than in 1900 or 1890. In the case of the West North Central division the gain through interstate migration reached its maximum in 1890 and has declined very greatly since then. In the West South Central, Mountain, and Pacific divisions, on the other hand, the gain has steadily increased, being greater in 1910 than at any preceding census. Certain broad generalizations of considerable interest may be drawn by comparing the population living in the three geographic sections, the North, the South, and the West, with the population reported as bom in those sections, as shown by Table 7. Table 7 Total native population : 1910 BORN IN— state of birth not RACE AND SECTION OF RESIDENCE. The North. The South. The West. reported, or born in outlying posses- sions, etc. ALL RACES. TTnlted States... 78,456,380 44,390,371 28,649,319 6,416,690 46,179,002 42,526,162 1,449,229 2,203,611 29,010,265 1,527,107 27,079,282 403,866 2,906,162 124,001 38,230 2,743,931 360,961 213,101 Tlie Soutli 82,578 Tlie West 65,282 WHITE. United States Tlie North 68,386,412 43,319,193 19,821,249 6,245,970 9,787,424 999,451 8,738,858 49,116 46,488,942 41,891,353 1,407,262 2,190,327 621,286 670,298 39,077 11,911 19,814,860 1,110,246 18,326,236 378,379 9,109,153 416,533 8,668,619 26,001 2,766,492 116,939 34,523 2,616,030 15,604 2,295 2,412 10,897 316,118 200,656 53,228 Tlie West 62,234 NEGRO. United States The North 41,381 11,325 The South 28,750 The West 1,306 The above table shows, for all races and for the whites and negroes separately, the number resident in each section in 1910 who were reported as born in each section ; or, conversely, the number bom in each section who were resident in each. The North com- prises the New England, Middle Atlantic, and North Central divisions; the South, the South Atlantic and South Central divisions; and the West, the Mountain and Pacific divisions. STATE OF BIRTH OF NATIVE POPULATION. 173 Table 7 brings out the fact that there has been con- siderable migration from north to south and from south to north, as well as from east to west. The absolute number of persons born in the North and livmg in the South (1,449,229) was not very differ- ent from the number born in the South and living in the North (1,,527,107). The North, however, has contributed more than five times as many to the population of the West as the South has. Division of birth in relation to division of residence. — More specific information regarding interdivisional migration may be obtained from Table 16, page 181, the first part of which shows, when read from left to right, the number of native American persons living in each geographic division who were born in each divi- sion. If read downward, the table, of course, shows the number bom in each division who were living in each division. In Table 8 persons bom in each geographic division are distributed on a percentage basis accord- ing to the division in which they were resident in 1910. Table 8 shows, for example, that in 1910, of the total number of persons bom in New England, 88.4 per cent were still living in that division, while 4.5 per cent were Uving in the adjacent division on the west — the Middle Atlantic division ; 2 per cent in the next division farther west — the East North Central; 1 .5 per cent in the West North Central ; and 2 per cent in the Pacific. The percentage living in the division in which born ranged from 80.5 in the West North Central division to 93.9 in the West South Central division. In a majority of cases the largest number of the emi- grants from any division are resident in the adjoining division on the west. This is true of the emigrants from the New England, the Middle Atlantic, the East North Central, the East South Central, and the Mountain di- visions; but the South Atlantic division has a larger number of its emigrating natives in the division imme- diately north of it than in any other division, and this is also true of the West South Central division, while of the emigrants from the West North Central a larger number went to the Pacific division and also to the West South Central than to the adjacent Mountain division on the west. While the main current of migration is westward, there has been some eastward migration and considerable migration north and south. Table S DIVISION OF EE3IDENCE. PER CENT DISTBIBUTION, BT DIVISION OF BE3IDENCE, OF THE POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES ' BOBN IN— New Eng- land. Middle Atlantic. East North Central. West North Central. South Atlantic. East South Central. West South Central. Moun- tain. Pacific. TTnlted States . New England Middle Atlantic East North Central. . . West North Central . . South Atlantic East South Central . . . West South Central. . Mountain Pacific 100.0 88.4 4.5 2.0 1.5 0.6 0.1 0.2 0.6 2.0 100.0 1.6 87.7 4.3 2.2 1.3 0.2 0.4 0.7 1.5 100.0 0.2 1.3 81.3 8.6 0.7 0.8 1.9 1.8 3.3 100.0 0.1 0.5 3.6 80.6 0.3 0.3 5.3 4.1 5.3 100.0 0.3 3.1 1.6 1.0 88.4 2.6 2.2 0.4 0.5 100. 0. 0. 3. 2. 1. 81. 9. 0. 0. 100.0 0.1 0.2 0.5 1.6 0.3 1.2 93.9 1.3 1.0 100.0 0.3 0.9 1.4 3.0 0.3 0.2 1.3 85.4 7.2 100.0 0.3 0.8 0.9 1.1 0.3 0.1 0.5 3.0 92.9 1 Exclusive of outlying possessions. Table 9 shows what percentage of the native popu- lation resident in each division were born in that divi- sion and in each of the other divisions. The per- centages are based on the total native population, including persons born in the outlying possessions of the United States, or at sea under the United States flag, persons bom in the United States for whom the state of birth was not reported, and American citi- zens born abroad. The table is substantially the con- verse of Table 8 and needs little comment. It biings out the fact that the two North Central divisions have contributed largely to the population of the Pacific and Mountain divisions. Of the total native popula- tion of the Pacific division, 31.7 per cent were bom east of the Mississippi (that is, in the New England, Mid- dle Atlantic, East North Central, South Atlantic, and East South Central divisions), and of the total native population of the Mountain division, 24.7 per cent. Table 9 DIVISION OF BIETH. Total New England Middle Atlantic East North Central West North Central South Atlantic East South Central West South Central Mountain Pacific ; •; ■ United States, state of birth not reported . Outlying possessions • PER CENT DISTRIBUTION, BT DIVISION OF BIBTH, OF THE NATIVE POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES 1 AND RESIDING IN— New England. 100.0 91.8 5.3 0.8 0.3 0.9 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 Middle Atlantic. 100.0 1.5 93.1 1.5 0.3 2.7 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.1 East North Central. 100.0 0.6 4.3 88.3 2.2 1.3 2.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.1 West North Central. 100.0 0.7 3.4 14.2 75.9 1.2 2.4 1.1 0.4 0.2 0.5 0.1 South Atlantic. 100.0 0.3 1.7 1.0 0.2 94.9 1.5 0.1 (.'} m 0.2 East South Central, 100. 0. 0. 1. 0. 4. 92. 1. C) 0. (2) West South Central. 100.0 0.1 0.7 3.7 5.9 3.3 10.2 75.3 0.2 0.1 0.4 P) Moun- tain. Exclusive of outlying possessions. ' Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent, i Includes also persons bom at sea under United States flag and -American citizens bom abroad. 100.0 1.4 5.1 13.5 17.6 2.1 2.6 4.0 50.5 2.3 0.8 0.2 Pacific. 100.0 3.1 7.2 16.9 15.6 2.1 2.4 2.1 2.9 46.4 1.0 0.4 174 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. Higration of native white and native negro popula- tion. — The preceding tables (with one exception) have dealt with the total native population without distinc- tion of race. It is desirable, however, to consider separately the division of birth of the native white and the native negro population, which together constitute nearly the entire number of native Americans. Table 10 therefore presents for these two classes statistics similar to those presented in Table 4 for the total native population. Table 10 •WHITE PEB30NS BOBN IN AND LIVINS ItJ THE UNITED STATES 1 AND WITH STATE or BIRTH eepobted: 1910 NEGRO PEKS0N3 BOKN IN AND LIVING IN THE UNITED STATES 1 AND WITH STATE OF BIRTH REPORTED: 1910 DmsiON. Bom in the specified division. Bom in and living In the specified division. Living in the specified division. Gain (+) or loss (— ) through interstate migration (col. 6- col. 2). Bom in the specified division. Born in and living in the specified division. Living in the specified division. G»in(+) orloss(— ) through inter- state migration (c5. 14— Total (col. 4+ col. 2). Living in other divisions. Total (col. 4+ col. 6). Bom in other divisions. Total (col. 12+ col. 10). Living in other divisions. Total (col. 12+ col. 14). Bom in other divisions. Number. „^J Number. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. col. 18). 1 2 3 i 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 18 U 15 IC TTnited States 68,070,294 4,867,376 16,123,716 16,287,667 9,210,184 8,273,219 6,631,841 4,909,800 1,206,525 1,659,967 10,366,735 16.2 661,617 11.5 1,858,755 12.3 3,047,706 18.7 1,800,028 19.5 1,028,666 12.4 1,433,609 21.6 346,311 7.1 181,649 15.1 108,394 6.9 57,703,659 4,305,759 13,264,960 13,239,961 7,410,156 7,244,653 6,198,232 4,563,489 1,024,876 1,451,573 68,070,294 4,641,157 14,003,037 14,791,693 9,682,750 7,765,765 5,657,676 6,344,580 2,063,208 3,120,528 10,366,735 335,398 738,077 1,551,632 2,272,594 621,212 459,444 1,781,091 1,038,332 1,668,966 16.2 7.2 6.3 10.5 23.6 6.7 8.1 28.1 60.3 63.5 9,746,043 37,799 212, 145 173,226 198,116 4,487,313 2,844,598 1,777,242 7,342 8,262 963,163 6,984 22, 183 28,039 36,062 448,140 352,991 63,354 3,220 2,180 9.9 18.6 10.5 16.2 18.2 10.0 12.4 3.6 43.9 26.4 8,782,890 30,815 189,962 145,187 162,054 4,039,173 2,491,607 1,713,888 4,122 6,082 9,716,043 68,109 398,529 292,875 238,613 4,094,486 2,643,722 1,971,900 20,571 27,238 963,163 27,294 208,567 147,688 76,569 65,313 152,115 258,012 16,449 21,156 9.9 47.0 52.3 50.4 32.1 1.4 S.8 13.1 80.0 77.7 New England Middle Atlantic... East North Central. West North Central. South Atlantic East South Central. West South Central. -226,219 -1,120,678 -1,496,074 +472,566 -507,454 -974,165 +1,434,780 +856,683 +1,560,561 +20,319 +186,384 +119,849 +40,497 -392,827 -200,876 +194,658 +13,229 +18,976 Pacific ' Exclusive of outlying possessions. This table shows a somewhat greater mobility on the part of the white population than on the part of the negro. Of the 68,070,294 native whites enumerated in 1910, 10,366,735, or 15.2 per cent, were living in some other division than that in which bom. Of the 9,746,043 native negroes 963,153, or 9.9 per cent, were living outside the division of birth. In the case of the whites the percentages living outside the division of birth, ranged from 6.9 for whites born in the Pacific division to 21.6 for those born in the East South Central. In the case of the negroes the percentages ranged from 3.6 for those bom in the West South Central division to 43.9 for those born in the Mountain division. Outside the South a large part of the negro population are not natives of the division in which living, but have immigrated from other divi- sions, principally from the South, the proportion of immigrants ranging from almost one-third in the West North Central division to about four-fifths in the Pacific and Mountain divisions. The S(5uth Atlantic and East South Central divisions are the only ones which have suffered a direct loss in population through the migration of negroes of the present generation. The absolute gain is most conspicuous in the case of the Middle Atlantic and West South Central divisions. The migration of native whites and native negroes to and from the several states, so far as it can be indi- cated by statistics of state of birth, is shown in Table 15, which corresponds to Table 10 above. Migration to the several divisions from other divisions and from foreign countries. — Table 11 shows for 1910 and 1900 the sources from which the different geographic divisions had drawn their population. The three classes distinguished are (1) natives of the division of residence, (2) native Americans born outside the di- vision of residence, and (3) the foreign bom; more briefly, they may be called natives, domestic immi- grants, and foreign immigrants. Table 11 DIVISION OP RESIDENCE. Total popula- tion.! BOBN IN DFVISION OF RESIDENCB. BORN IN OTHER DIVISIONS. FOREIGN BORN. Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent- 1910 rmted States... New England Middle Atlantic Bast North Central.. West North Central. . South Atlantic East South Central. . . West South Central.. 91,972,266 6,652,681 19,316,892 18,250,621 11,637,921 12,194,895 8,409,901 8,784,634 2,633,617 4,192,304 76,994,675 5,692,017 15,454,678 15,986,581 10,347,423 10,443,480 7,547,757 6,532,290 1,674,667 2,416,692 66,746,379 4,338,452 13,461,446 13,402,685 7,608,995 11,292,714 7,692,342 6,347,452 1,101,006 1,501,287 66,248,496 3,811,295 11,370,057 11,687,407 6,346,803 9,789,389 6,842,958 4,624,297 761,392 1,024,898 72.6 66.2 69.7 73.4 66.4 92.6 91.6 72.3 41.8 35.8 74.0 68.2 73.6 73.1 61.3 93.7 90.7 70.8 449 42.4 11,349,040 363,636 948,939 1,700,645 2,352,472 676,944 611,760 2,045,629 1,067,610 1,691,505 9,164,271 308,214 719,910 1,617,600 2,430,472 421,628 601,576 1,620,522 610,077 824,272 12.3 5.5 49 9.3 20.2 4.7 7.3 23.3 40.2 40.3 12.0 6.6 47 10.1 23. S 40 8.0 24 8 36.4 341 13,616,886 1,825,110 4,851,173 3,073,766 1,616,695 299,994 87,825 352,192 453,322 955,809 10,341,276 1,445,237 3,317,559 2,625,226 1,533,248 216,030 90,668 267,087 301,969 544,352 14.7 27. » 26.1 16.8 13.9 2.5 1.0 40 Pacific 22. S 13.6 25.8 21.5 16.4 14 8 2.1 l.» 41 18.0 22.5 1900 trmted states.. New England Middle Atlantic Bast North Central.. West North Central.. South Atlantic Bast South Central.. West South Central.. Mnnntjitn Pacific 1 Includes persons born in the United States, state of birth not reported, persons born in outlying possessions, or at sea under United States flag, and American citizens born abroad. (See Tables 1 and 16.) In most of the divisions the natives are greatly in the majority, outnumbering both classes of immigrants^ The preponderance is greatest in the South Atlantic division, where 92.6 per cent of the population in 1910 consisted of persons born in the division. The propor- tion was nearly as great in the East South Central. In the Pacific division, however, the most important class numerically was that of the domestic immigrants, who formed 40 .3 per cent of the total population in 1 910, while the natives of the division formed but 35.8 per cent — STATE OF BIRTH OF NATIVE POPULATION. 175 hardly more than one-third — and the foreign immi- grants 22.8 per cent. In the Mountain divisipn the natives of the division were only slightly more nu- merous than the domestic immigrants, and constituted but 41.8 per cent of the total population. Of course, these conditions are iadicative of the comparatively recent settlement and rapid development of the far West, and of the great immigration thither from other parts of the United States. In New England and in the Middle Atlantic and East North Central divisions the greater part of the immigration is from foreign countries, the foreign bom greatly outnumbering the domestic immigrants, but in aU the other divisions the foreign immigrants are the least numerous of the three classes here compared. Comparison between the figures for 1910 and 1900, shown in Table 11, reveals the relative importance of the three classes as factors in the increase in the popu- lation of the several divisions during the decade. The comparison is facilitated by Table 12. It may be well to point out that this table throws no light upon the question of the fecundity or natural increase of the population. The persons reported in 1910 as born in a given division include, of course, many children of persons who were not born in the division as well as the children of persons born in the division. Table 12 •iNCBEASE IN POPULATION: 1900-1910 DIVISION. Total.i Bom In division of residence. Born in other divisions. Foreign born. TTnlted States 16,877,691 960,664 3,861,214 2,265,040 1,290,498 1,751,415 862,144 2,252,244 958,860 1,775,612 10,497,883 527,157 2,091,389 1,715,278 1,262,192 1,503,325 849,384 1,723,155 349,614 476,389 2,194,769 55,422 229,029 83,045 -78,000 155,316 10,184 426,007 447,533 867,233 3,174,610 New England 379,873 KfifliHe Atlnntip 1,533,614 East North Central 448,540 West North Central 83,447 83,964 East South Central -2,743 West South Central 85,105 151,353 Pacific 411,457 1 Includes persons bom in the United States, state of birth not reported, pef- sons born in outlying possessions, or at sea under United States flag, and American citizens bom abroad. This table shows very great differences among the geographic divisions with respect to the relative im- portance of the three classes as factors in the increase in population. In the New England and Middle Atlantic divisions the increase during the decade was chiefly in persons born within the division of residence and in the foreign born, the increase in the latter being roughly three-fourths as great as in the former. In the East North Central division conditions were somewhat similar, except that the increase in the foreign born was relatively less important. In the West North Central, South Atlantic, and East South Central divisions, on the other hand, nearly the entire increase was in natives of the division. In the West South Central division there was a marked increase in domestic immigrants, as well as in natives of the division, but comparatively little increase in the foreign born. Finally, in the Mountain and Pacific divisions the increase in domestic immigrants was greater than that in natives, and there was also a very considerable increase in the foreign born. Migration to the several states from other states and from foreign conntries. — Table 13 gives a classification of the population of each state in 1910, distinguishing the natives of the state, the domestic immigrants (born in other states), and the foreign immigrants (foreign born). Table 13 United States New England: Maine New Hampshire Vermont Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut Middle Atlantic: New York New Jersey Pennsylvania East Nobth Central: Ohio Indiana lUtaois Michigan Wisconsin West Nobth Centeal: Minnesota Iowa Missouri North Dakota South Dakota Nebraska Kansas South Atlantic: Delaware Maryland District of Columbia. . Virginia West Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Florida East South Central: Kentucky Tennessee Alabama Mississippi West South Central: Arkansas Louisiana Oklahoma Texas Mountain: Montana Idaho..; Wyoming Colorado New Mexico Arizona Utah Nevada PAcmc: Wasliington Oregon Calilomia 91,972,266 Total popula- tion: 1910' 742,371 430,572 355,956 3,366,416 542,610 1,114,756 9,113,614 2,537,167 7,665,111 4,767,121 2,700,876 5,638,691 2,810,173 2,333,860 2,075,708 2,224,771 3,293,335 577,056 583,888 1,192,214 1,690,949 202,322 1,295,346 331,069 2,061,612 1,221,119 2,206,287 1,515,400 2,609,121 752,619 2,289,905 2,184,789 2,138,093 1,797,114 1,574,449 1,656,388 1,657,155 3,896,642 376,053 325,594 145,965 799,024 327,301 204,354 373,351 81,875 1,141,990 672,765 2,377,549 BORN IN state of residence. Number. 61,186,306 578,739 248,629 250,480 1,861,820 267, 116 607,074 5,647,063 1, 344, 164 5,638,263 3,546,991 2,031,345 3,406,638 1,761,086 1,558,455 1,121,376 1,416,584 2,222,925 197,847 225,125 695,551 137,131 1,026,365 139,351 1,843,152 931,077 2,089,728 1,431,028 2,364,349 463,003 2,031,385 1,873,227 1,857,916 1,563,839 1,055,940 1,406,936 516,212 2,730,757 99,314 90,225 31,782 233,516 184,749 78,949 243,054 21,640 262,694 225.102 903,996 Per cent. 78.0 67.7 70.4 66.3 49.2 54.5 62.0 63.0 73.6 74.4 75.2 60.4 62.7 54.0 63.7 67.5 34.3 38.6 50.0 48.7 67.8 79.2 42.1 89.4 76.2 94.7 94.4 90.6 61.5 88.7 85.7 86.9 87.0 67.1 84.9 31.1 70.1 26.4 27.7 21.8 29.2 56.4 38.6 65.1 26.4 23.0 33.5 38.0 BOEN IN OTHER STATES. Number. 16,910,114 50,009 82,562 52,165 434, 104 94, 710 174,680 686,616 525, 075 669,204 607,352 501,420 997,189 436,326 256,629 402,137 624,774 822,738 216, 996 264,762 414,056 722,968 47,285 161,783 164,623 188,886 229,925 108,605 76,996 221,645 244,836 215,617 286,419 257,031 218,768 494,075 190,309 1,092,844 907,908 177,783 190,063 84,269 430,264 117,954 74,699 60,665 39,700 329,538 863,236 Per cent. 18.4 6.7 19.2 14.7 12.9 17.6 15.7 7.6 20.7 7.4 12.7 18.6 17.7 15.5 11.0 19.4 23.6 26.0 37.6 43.6 34.7 42.8 23.4 12.5 49.7 9.2 18.8 4.9 5.1 8.5 32.6 9.4 13.1 12.0 12.2 31.4 11.6 65.9 23.3 47.3 58.4 57.7 53.8 36.0 36.6 16.2 48.5 63.3 49.0 36.3 FOREIGN BORN. Number, 13,615,886 110,562 96.667 49,921 1,059,245 179,141 329,574 2,748,011 660,788 1,442,374 598,374 169,663 1,205,314 597, 550 612,865 543,595 273,765 229,779 166,664 100, 790 176,662 135,450 17,492 104,944 24,902 27,057 57,218 6,092 6,179 15,477 40,633 40,162 18,607 19,286 9,770 17,046 62,766 40,442 241,938 94,713 42,578 29,020 129,587 23,146 48,765 65,822 19,691 256,241 113,136 586,432 Per cent. 14.7 14 9 22.5 14.0 31.5 33.0 29.6 30.2 26.0 18. S 12.6 5.9 21.4 21.3 22.0 26.2 12.3 7.0 27.1 17.3 14. g 8.0 8.6 8.1 7.5 1.3 4.7 0.3 0.4 0.6 5.4 1.8 0.9 0.9' 0.5 1.1 3.2 2.4 6.2 25.2 13.1 19.9 16.2 7.1 23.9 17.6 24.1 22.4 16.8 24.7 1 Includes persons bom in the United States, state of birth not reported, persons bom in outlying possessions, or at sea under United States flag, and Americancitizens bom abroad. The combined number of these classes in the United States was only 360,961, or 0.4 per cent of the total population. In nearly every state east of the Mississippi a ma- jority at least of the population were natives of the state, the only exceptions being, in fact, Rhode Island and the District of Columbia. In three of the southern states more than nine-tenths of the population were natives, but north of the Ohio there were only two states, Maine and Indiana, in which the proportion of natives exceeded three-fourths. The foreign immi- grants outnumbered the domestic immigrants in every state north of the Ohio and east of the Mississippi 176 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. except Vermont, Ohio, and Indiana. In Vermont and Ohio domestic immigrants were not much more numer- ous than the foreign, but in Indiana they outnumbered the foreign immigrants more than three to one. West of the Mississippi there were only nine states (Iowa, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, Arkansas, Louisiana, Texas, New Mexico, and Utah) in which a majority of the population were natives of the state. In Wyoming the natives of the state in 1910 formed only 21.8 per cent of the total population and in Wash- ington only 23 per cent. In the latter state a majority (53.3 per cent) of the population were domestic im- migrants. This was also the case in Idaho, Wyoming, Colorado, and Oklahoma. The domestic immigrants outnumbered the foreign immigrants in every state west of the Mississippi except Minnesota and Utah. Interstate migration. — Table 14 presents for the several states in 1910 and 1900 the same class of data that is shown for the geographic divisions in Table 4, that is, it shows what proportion of the population born in each state was living in other states and what proportion of the native American population of each state was born in other states. It shows, for example, that the population of the United States (not including Alaska, Hawaii, Porto Rico, or other outlying posses- sions) in 1910 included 791,827 persons who were born in the state of Maine and that of this number, 578,739 were living in Maine, while 213,088, or 26.9 per cent of the total, had left Maine and settled in other states; and it shows also that the population of Maine in- cluded 628,748 native Americans with state of birth reported, of whom 578,739 were born in Maine and 50,009, or 8 per cent, were born in other states. The numbers of native Americans who have thus migrated to and from the several states are shown graphically in the diagram on page 186. The proportion of the natives of the several states residing in other states in 1910 varied widely. In the case of the following states it exceeded oner third: Nevada (46.4 per cent); Vermont (38.6); Wyoming (37.8); Iowa (36.1); Kansas (34.2); and New Hampshire (33.8). In the following states it was less than one- sixth: Pennsylvania (16.6 per cent); Georgia (16.4); Massachusetts (16.1); New Mexico (15.5); South Caro- lina (15.5); North Carolina (15.4); Texas (12.9); Louisiana (12.1); Florida (10.2); and California (10). These percentages, it should be remembered, do not include persons who migrated from the states named to outlying possessions of the United States. Referring to column 7 of the table it will be found that there are only seven states (Maine, Pennsylvania, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, and Kentucky) in which the domestic immigrants — applying that term to persons born outside the state but within the United States, exclusive of outlying territories and possessions— formed less than one-tenth of the native American population of the state in 1910. East of the Mississippi there are only four states (Rhode Island, New Jersey, Delaware, and Florida) in which the proportion exceeded one-fourth, or 25 per cent. In the District of Columbia, however, the proportion exceeded one-half. West of the Mississippi there are 10 states (North Dakota, South Dakota, Okla- homa, Montana, Idaho, Wyoming, Colorado, Nevada, Washington, and Oregon) in which more than half the native American population in 1910 were domestic immigrants and only two (Louisiana and Utah) in which the proportion was less than one-fourth. Table 14 also shows the gain or loss to the several states by interstate migration ; or, in other words, the difiference between the number of persons living in the state and bom in other states and the number bom in the state and living in other states. For example, at the census of 1910, 213,088 persons born in the state of Maine were living in other states and 50,009 persons born in other states were living in Maine. The differ- ence, 163,079, appears in this table as the direct net loss to the state of Maine by interstate migration. Most of the states east of the Mississippi have lost more than they have gained by this interchange of population with other states, gains being shown only for Massachus ; tts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Jersey, Michigan, West Virginia, Florida, and the Dis- trict of Columbia. West of the Mississippi, on the other hand, most of the states have gained more than they have lost, the only states' which have lost being Iowa, Missouri, Louisiana, and Utah. STATES GAINING OR LOSING BY INTERSTATE MIGRATION: 1910. Table 15 presents, for 1910, by states for the native white and native negro population separately, statis- tics similar to those presented for the total native population in Table 14. Of the two diagrams on the next page, the one on the left shows for each state the percentages of the total population born in the state, born in other states, and born in foreign countries (see also Table 13), while the diagram on the right shows what percentage of the natives of each state were still hving in that state in 1910 and what percentage had emigrated to other states. In tbe first of the two maps presented STATE OF BIRTH OF NATIVE POPULATION. 17t on page 178, the states are classified in six groups with reference to the percentage of emigrants. This map brings out the fact that in general the emigration from states located on the boundary of the United States is relatively less than from states more cen- trally located. This probably is in part a natural result of the fact that the possibihty of emigration from a border state to other parts of the United States is cut off in one or more directions. From some of the states along the northern border there has been a very considerable emigration to Canada in recent years, but this of course is not revealed by a popu- lation census of the United States. In the second map on page 178, the states are grouped with reference to the percentage which the population bom in other states forms of the total native population or popu- lation born in the United States. The percentages are presented in Tables 13 and 14. State of birth in relation to state of residence. — ^In Table 16 the total native population of each state and geographic division is distributed according to the state or geographic division in which born. As regards any given state, this table shows how many of the persons living in that state were born there and how many were bom in each of the other states; it gives similar information for the several geographic divisions. The table covers the total native popula- tion, including those bom m outlying territories or possessions of the United States, or at sea under the United States flag, those bom in the United States for whom the state of birth was not reported, and American citizens born abroad. At the same time the table when read by columns gives the distribution by residence (state or geographic division) of the total population reported as born in each state or geo- graphic division. DISTRIBUTION OF TOTAL POPULATION AND NATIVE POPULATION. DISTRIBUTION OF TOTAL POPULATION OF EACH STATE, BY PLACE OF BIBTH: 1910. DISTRIBUTION OF NATIVES OF EACH STATE, BY.PLACE OF RESIDENCE: 1910. NEW ENGLAND MAINE NEW HAMPaHtRC VERMONT MASSACHUSETTS. RHODE rSLAND OONNeCTICUT MIDDLE ATLANTIC NEW YORK NEW JERSEY PENNSYLVANIA CAST NORTH CENTRAL OHIO INDIANA illinois Michigan wisconsin WEST NORTH CENTRAL MINNESOTA IOWA MISSOURI NORTH DAKOTA SOUTH DAKOTA NEBRASKA KANSAS flOUTH ATLANTIC DELAWARE ,'^Z':7/.77W/.'^^, W^ f""l •• "; ' [""■"I" I ~ KKiias«ftW5®»ss«iSSSSS?ss5»v:<'Z/>^'X/v; ■.yx«m?mmsmmm»»:^^^ZZZ/Z£Z. TXZk NEW ENGLAND MAINE NEW HAMPSHIRE VERMONT MAaSACHUSETTB RHODE ISLAND CONNECTICUT MIDDLE ATLANTIC NEW VORK NEW JERSEY PENNSYLVANIA EAST NORTH CENTRAL OHIO INDIANA (LUNOIS MICHiOAH WISCONSIN WEffT NORTH CENTRAL MINNESOTA IOWA MtSSOURI NQflm DAKOTA SOUTH DAKOTA NEBRASKA KANSAS SOUTH ATLANTIC DELAWARE MARYLAND ^^^zzm^^m^W^^^^BBzazn^ ^ ^ m m'm ^ M^/z w ^f. zg 'zOi 'zas^ '^77 W777, - mTmm. Tm^. '//////MiM OTg! iggg! ^m. ^ ^^ 7m?. 'm^A ^7^7^77^, zmy, m/z/Xy/m mw. \ \ i ■■!■■■ 1 ^ 1 "^^^^^^s^^z^^^^^izzaak '777', ■^ZiTZB.!^ ^^ZllZli. W77 77^, Z7m. m^ 7777. ;^: ^^ V/m '7//M T^J^Wi WgS I ' 1 ' I ; I I ' I '■"! ['— "T 1 ; [• 1" y//////, y//////, :? ;^?^ •:?77^, 'PTXTa !g^ mZi mm t I - ■!.■■■■■) ^^^^^^^zszz^ mggaisiiA ■^^■^■^m^,'m^/,m^rzB,zeii ym'M'////A'//////)y//vJiM/Ji/jM p///y4y//y/y/iw//^^^^ 8S888Sia88ai!S«!iK!^SKiiS«S8SI8SSSSZia«ii^SaiS2Vy/X/y/yXy'/yyX ^7^,^77. mz. ■mz. mm '/////// '^^'^^'^^W^'^^^BL^BxZa, 777^.777^/. 77^77, ^m \ t • \y.--/\y ■:\ •m^,':777/.'m7A777^/.77^/.'!7!m, \- -A' "" m/yM////,^//M y)f/M/yMy/Mk'//^!rjM^^^jyM^ m^'aaazi. '^zmziaBL zoi'aziizg^ ^^m^^^^^Z^^m^^^BZlBzaiak DIST OF COLUMBIA ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ 5^ ^ VIRGINIA w///^/M/)i('//'/M '^m. ^ ^ ^ ^ jza Bg ■7mAmw,m7>,77m7m7, 7m7W777 W7mvr^.'^;fi. ^M^^ mm. 777''Am77y.7?Z7/.7777.m77?.777;7 wEsTvmoiNiA ^^///^/^y/4^/^///^/^^^^^ NORTH CAROUNA SOUTH CAROUNA {W/Z^W /^//// /^^^^^ GEORGIA 'TTT^A.m^A.TTT'A.TTT'yWTTT; mm, 7777, ^xi,^az '^n.izek ms^^^^^^^^ '^^^M ^^^^^ y//////.VM>/A Z777y \iy/M/.^MMX'7/7/ 77)i/777/7A/77/7/^A'y/y/A'/My,ii77.7^/7.fJ t I^^A ^^^^^^^^ WZ: /y/wyzwyya EAST SoifTTTcENTRAL ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ KENTUCKY p^yy^yfy^y^^^jw^y^//^^^^^ TENNESSEE ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^g [^ ^Z ALABAMA 7^7^, ^^ '7!77', '77777^, 7!7!7^, "7777. ;^^ 77777. ^Zt ^S WEST »u'uT?'"ri I ^,_t'^^^^^^'^^^'^'^^^^^^^^^^^ ARKANSAS LOUISIANA OKLAHOMA TEXAS MOUNTAIN MONTANA IDAHO WYOMING COLORADO NEW MEXICO ARIZONA UTAH mTTV, "smizD. 77a77a '^^'m^AW^'W^y. NEVADA PACIFIC •^^^^^^m^^^^^manszizEk ^^ ^ ^ ■ t I \ 7777, ■^m. ^^^^zzszzzz ^m.'^^^OMSLVB.^BO. 7:Z7'A.-7777,77m7,7777','7777A 7777.7777. -- t I'M "I '"-I - I ^A*'^^ I I I ■ I- t -^ ^w^^Ms^^^^azzz ^y/yy/m/z/My/yAAAJij^yj^^ ^^M^^jif^M 'OB.JZB.mD. ^^3 WASHINGTON OREGON CAUFORNIA \777y77)^//m.^777m>l(>//77AA7777777^'77AA/y7777777^777777^, m/y)y7////M//7//yA7777)y7777/,^ 7///7/),//7A/7y/777777)^///MMfJ . ^ZBBOk ^^^90flK IN aTATC OPIUBTDIflOl fcgS^ WBW WT QTWl* >T*T«» [faM ffflttlOH aOXH 72497°— 13- -12 K^«»" Alio LIVIfM m ™t T*T1! ^^ B0BW IM Tlrt BTATC «0 LIVmO W OTHM iTATIf 178 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. PERCENTAGE OF POPULATION BORN IN EACH STATE LIVING IN OTHER STATES: 1910. PERCENTAGE OF NATIVE POPULATION LIVING IN EACH STATE BORN IN OTHER STATES: 1910. STATE OF BIRTH OF NATIVE POPULATION. 179 POPUT.ATION BORN IN EACH STATE, WITH NUMBER AND PERCENTAGE LIVING IN OTHER STATES, AND POPULATION LIVING IN EACH STATE, WITH NUMBER AND PERCENTAGE BORN IN OTHER STATES: 1910 AND 1900. Table 14 POPULATION BOEN IN AND UVING IN THE UNITED STATES 1 AND WITH STATE OF BIKTH REPOETED: 1910 Bom in the specified state. Total. Living in other states. Number. Per cent. Bom in and living In the specified state. Living in the specified state. Total. Bom in other states. Number. Per cent. Gain (+) orloss(— ) through inter- state mi- gration. POPULATION BOEN IN AND LIVING IN THE UNITED STATES' AND WITH STATE OP BIETH EEPOETED! 1900 Bom in the specified state. Total. Living in other states. Number. Per cent. Bom in and living in the specified state. Living in the specified state. Total. Bom in other states. Number. Per cent. Gain (+) or loss(— ) through inter- state mi- gration. TTnlted States . . New England: Maine New Hampshire. Vermont Massachusetts . . . Bhode Island Connecticut Middle Atlantic: New York New Jersey Pennsylvania E. NoBTH Central: Ohio TTldiftnft Illinois Michigan Wisconsin W. NoBTH Centkal: Minnesota Iowa Missouri North Dakota.., South Dakota.., Nebraska Kansas South Atlantic: Delaware Maryland Dist. Columbia. Virginia West Virginia . . , North Carolina . , South Carolina . . Georgia Florida E. South Central: Kentucky Tennessee Alabama Mississippi W. South Central: Arkansas Louisiana Oklahoma Texas Mountain: Montana Idaho Wyoming Colorado New Mexico Arizona Utah Nevada Pacific: Washington — Oregon Caliiomia 78,095,419 16,910,114 21.7 61,186,305 78,095,419 16,910,114 21.7 65,402,767 13,501,045 51,901,722 65,402,767 13,501,045 20. 791,827 375,522 407, 940 2, 218, 157 340,098 773, 671 6,964,461 1,614,674 6,763,717 4,713,009 2,805,616 4,714,723 2, 168, 646 2,077,862 1,446,106 2,218,420 3,141,883 245,810 305,604 839,783 1,251.574 197,,813 1, 297, 179 185,453 2,464,845 1,118,754 2,470,496 1,692,548 2,828,309 515,428 2,704,675 2,544,434 2,316,790 1,915,124 1,397,657 1,599,273 626,452 3,135,026 132,164 122,388 51,079 323,334 218, 693 96,273 304,968 40,397 318,619 293,640 1,004,607 213, OSS 126,893 157,460 356,337 72,982 166, 597 1,317,398 270,510 1,125,454 1,166,018 774, 171 1,308,085 407,560 519,407 324,730 801,836 918,958 47,963 80, 479 244,232 427,946 60,682 270,824 46, 102 621,693 187,677 380, 767 261,520 463,960 52,425 673,290 671,207 458,874 351,285 341,717 193,337 111,240 404,269 32,860 32,163 19,297 89,818 33,944 17,324 61, 914 18, 757 55,925 68,538 100,611 38.6 16.1 21.6 21.5 18. 16. 16. 24.7 27.6 27.7 18.8 25.0 22.5 36.1 29.2 19.5 26.3 29.1 34.2 30.7 20.9 24.9 25.2 16.8 15 15.5 16.4 10.2 24.9 26.4 19.8 18.3 24.4 12.1 17.8 12.9 24.9 26.3 37.8 27.8 15.5 18.0 20.3 46.4 17.6 23.3 10.0 678, 739 248,629 250, 480 1,861,820 267,116 607,074 5,647,063 1,344,164 6,638,263 3,546,991 2,031,345 3,406,638 1,761,085 1,558,455 1,121,376 1,416,684 2, 222, 925 197,847 225,125 595,551 823,628 137,131 1,026,355 139,351 1,843,152 931,077 2,089,728 1,431,028 2,364,349 463,003 2,031,385 1,873,227 1,857,916 1,563,839 1,055,940 1,405,936 515,212 2,730,757 99,314 90,225 31, 782 233,516 184,749 78,949 243,064 21,640 262, 694 225,102 903,996 628,748 331, 191 302,646 2, 295, 924 361,826 781, 764 6,333,679 1,869,239 6,207,467 4,154,343 2,532,765 4,403,827 2,197,411 1,814,984 1,523,513 1,941,358 3,045,663 414,843 479,887 1,009,607 1,546, 184,416 1, 188, 138 303,974 2,032,038 1,161,002 2,198,333 1,508,024 2,585,894 707,839 2,246,902 2,159,646 2,114,947 1,782,607 1,550,015 1,696,246 1,608, 3,638,665 277,097 280,288 116,051 663,780 302,703 153,648 303,709 61,340 870,920 654,640 1,767,232 50,009 82,562 52,166 434, 104 94, 710 174,680 686,616 525,075 569,204 607,352 601,420 997, 189 436,326 256,529 402, 137 524, 774 822,738 216,996 254, 762 414,056 722,968 47,285 161, 783 164,623 188,886 229,925 108,605 76,996 221,545 244,836 215,517 286,419 257,031 218, 768 494,075 190,309 1,092,844 907,908 177, 783 190.063 84,269 430,264 117,954 74, 699 60,655 39,700 608,226 329,538 863,236 8.0 24.9 17.2 18.9 26.2 22.3 10. 28.1 9.2 14.6 19. 22.6 19.9 14.1 26.4 27.0 27.0 52.3 63.1 41.0 46.7 25.6 13.6 54.2 9.3 19.8 4.9 5.1 8.6 34.6 13.3 12.2 12.3 31. 11.9 68.0 25.0 64.2 67. 72.6 64. 39.0 48.6 20.0 64.7 59.4 -163,079 -44,331 -105,295 -1-77, 767 +21, 728 -1-8,083 -630,782 -1-264,565 -556,250 -558,666 -272,751 -310,896 -1-28, -262,878 -f 77, 407 -277,062 -96,220 -1-169,033 -H74,283 -H69,824 -1-295,023 -13,397 —109,041 +118,521 -432,807 +42,248 -272, 162 -184,524 -242,415 +192,411 -457,773 -384,788 -201,843 -132,517 +162 358 -3,028 +981,604 +503,639 +144, +157,900 +64,972 +340,446 +84,010 +57,375 -1,259 +20,943 +552,301 +261,000 +762,625 777,057 367,094 416, 672 1,842,703 275, 119 659,629 6,123,807 1,296,047 5,758,263 4,304,002 2,517,668 3,906,494 1,744,352 1,687,940 1,062,813 1,872,717 2,650,208 132,894 203,561 606,342 920,124 185,064 1,199,255 154, 848 2,287,871 887, 896 2, 133, 663 1,612,864 2,420,707 379,417 2,427,381 2,300,392 1,975,215 1,622,178 1,073,631 1,301,714 240,742 2,239,298 76,743 60,496 30,167 193,907 162,967 59,310 220,420 31,848 159,918 208,011 731,348 216,551 124,048 168,642 299,614 61,368 142,254 231,648 937,463 1,114,165 641,280 1,012,637 288,737 383,022 168,794 654,340 614,957 24,164 43,341 145,280 55,518 242,638 34,953 587, 418 122, 330 329, 625 233,292 410,299 542,043 566,405 397,845 296,181 223,868 132,405 31,678 207,723 14,044 12,074 10,660 42,226 19,761 6,530 38,634 13,911 26,983 43,580 70,068 27.9 33, 40.4 16.3 22.3 21.6 21.1 17.9 16.3 25.9 25.6 25.9 16.6 22.7 15.9 29.6 23.2 18.2 21.3 24.0 31.5 30.0 20.2 22.6 25.7 13.8 15.4 15.4 16.9 9.6 22.3 24.6 20.1 18.3 20.9 10.2 13.2 9.3 18.3 20.0 35.3 21.8 12.1 11.0 17.5 43.7 16.9 21.0 9.6 560,506 243,046 248, 130 1,543,089 213,761 517,375 4,833,941 1,064,399 4,820,800 3,189,837 1,876,388 2,893,857 1,455,615 1,304,918 894,019 1,318,377 2,035,251 108,730 160,220 461,062 630,321 129,546 956,617 119,895 1, 700, 453 765,566 1,804,028 1,279,572 2,010,408 342,818 1,886,338 1,733,987 1,577,370 1,325,997 849,763 1,169,309 209,064 2,031,675 48,422 19,507 151, 681 143,216 52,780 181,886 17,937 132,935 164,431 661, 280 597,594 320,869 295,859 1,944,216 292,656 668,316 5,337,873 1,447,266 5,304,828 3,687,517 2,368,859 3,837,761 1,863, 1,547,701 1,239,020 1,918,730 2,879,507 204,518 311,165 885,678 1,338,657 170,481 1,091,754 258,067 1,832,615 933,668 1,887,399 1,334,090 2,200,295 502,648 2,092,777 1,999,357 1,811,114 1,641,286 1,293,303 1,326,219 765,867 2,859,430 174,316 136,544 74,750 442,877 181,020 97,949 222,032 31,981 398,542 345,520 1, 105, 108 37,088 77,823 4?, 729 401,127 78,895 150,940 503,932 382,867 484,028 497,680 492,471 943,904 407,564 242,783 345,001 600,353 844,256 95,788 160,945 424,616 708,336 40,935 135, 137 138, 172 132,162 168, 102 83,371 54,518! 189,887 159,830 207,439 265,370 233,744 215,289 443,540 156,910 556,803 827,855 111,617 88,122 65,243 291,196 37,804 45,169 40,146 14,044 265,607 181,089 443,828 6.2 24.3 16.1 20.6 27.0 22.6 9.4 26.5 9.1 13.5 20.8 24.6 21.9 15.7 27.8 31.3 29.3 46.8 48.5 47.9 52.9 -179,463 -46,225 -120,813 +101,513 +17,5.'<7 +8,686 -785,934 +161,219 -453,435 -616,485 -148,809 —68,733 +118,817 -140,239 +176,207 +46, 013 +229,299 +71, 624 +107,604 +279,336 +418,533 24.0 -14,583 12.4 -107,501 63. 5| +103,219 7.2' -455,256 18. 0' +45,772 4.4 —246,254 4.1' -178,774 8.6 -220,412 3L8 +123,231 9.9 13.3 12.9 14.0 34.3 11.8 72.7 29.0 64.0 64.5 73.9 65.8 20.9 46.1 18.1 43.9 66.6 52.4 40.2 —334,604 -301,035 -164, 101 +219,672 +24,505 +625,125 +620, 132 +97,573 +76,048 +44,583 +248,970 +18,053 +38,639 +1,612 +133 +238,624 +137,509 +373, 760 1 Exclusive of outlying possessions. 180 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. WHITE AND NEGRO POPULATION BORN IN EACH STATE, WITH NUMBER AND PERCENTAGE LIVING IN OTHER STATES, AND WHITE AND NEGRO POPULATION LIVING IN EACH STATE, WITH NUMBER AND PERCENTAGE BORN IN OTHER STATES: 1910. Table 15 white persons born in and living in the united states' and with STATE of birth REPORTED. NEGRO PERSONS BORN IN AND LIVING IN THE UNITED STATES' AND WITH STATE OF BIEIH REPORTED. Born in the specified state. Bom in ~ and living in the specified state. Living in the specified state. Gain (+) or loss tlirough inter- state migra- tion. Bom in the specified state. Bom in and living in the specified state. Living in the specified state. Gain(+) or loss Total. Living in states other Total. Bom in other states. Total. Living in states other Totel. Bom in other states. through inter- state Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. Nvmiber. Per cent. tion. TTnlted States.... 68,070,294 16,264,203 22.4 92,806,091 B8, 070, 294 15,264,203 22.4 9,746,043 1,616,608 16.6 i, 129, 435 ), 746, 043 1,616,608 16.6 New England: 789,434 374,992 406,871 2,198,323 334,490 763,266 6,896,408 1,569,239 6,658,068 4,636,712 2,770,353 4,665,846 2,149,417 2,065,339 1,433,733 2,209,192 2,991,932 239,110 288,453 832,777 1,214,987 166,143 1,034,596 133,056 1,587,404 1,082,284 1,655,835 735,470 1,579,236 300,195 2,380,524 2,026,788 1,344,469 880,080 1,062,034 871,768 507,652 2,468,366 121,383 118,618 48,374 317,945 197,037 66,295 302,021 34,852 305,022 287,645 967,300 212,251 126,609 156,838 352,104 71,643 163,630 1,304,893 262,143 1,104,976 1,148,992 764,460 1,295,278 403,666 517,556 322,375 798,185 879, 112 46, 668 78,975 241,509 415,583 50,680 209,854 34,213 368,233 178,399 237,229 125,793 312,219 35,740 682,790 546,886 327,202 217,163 302,387 109,389 104,647 340,933 31,476 31,501 18,167 87,681 32,770 15,816 61,442 18,057 54,060 67,573 94,467 26.9 33.8 38.6 16.0 21.4 21.4 18.9 16.7 16.6 24.8 27.6 27.8 18.8 25.1 22.5 36.1 29.4 19.5 27.4 29.0 34.2 30.7 20.3 25.7 23.2 16.5 14.3 17.1 19.8 11.9 24.5 27.0 24.3 24.7 28.5 12.5 20.6 13.8 25.9 26.6 37.6 27.6 16.6 23.9 20.3 61.8 17.7 23.6 9.8 577,183 248,383 260,033 1,846,219 262,847 599,636 5,591,515 1,307,096 5,553,092 3,487,720 2,005,893 3,370,568 1,746,751 1,547,783 1,111,358 1,411,007 2,112,820 192,442 209, 478 591,268 799,404 114,463 824,742 98,843 1,219,171 903,885 1,418,606 609,677 1,267,017 264,455 1,797,734 1,479,902 1,017,267 662,897 759,647 762,369 403,005 2,127,423 89,907 87,117 30,207 230,264 164,267 60,479 240,579 16,795 250,972 220,072 872,833 626,824 330,644 301,082 2,262,899 352,889 766,819 6,207,015 1,781,082 6,014,940 4,044,406 2,472,618 4,296,965 2,175,508 1,802,096 1,507,839 1,926,282 2,890,027 408,237 460,579 998,757 1,491,029 153,347 956,638 210,296 1,361,422 1,097,205 1,493,679 672,556 1,412,666 407,958 1,985,732 1,688,549 1,208,219 775,176 1,109,436 884,532 1,397,343 2,953,269 264,861 276,160 112,369 651, 149 280, 602 122,883 299,582 55,602 853,494 647,322 1,719,712 49,641 82,261 51,049 416,680 90,042 167,183 615,500 473,986 461,848 556,686 466,725 926,397 429, 757 254,313 396,481 515,275 777,207 215,795 251, 101 407,489 691,625 38,884 131,896 111,452 142,251 193,320 75,073 62,878 145,649 143,503 187,998 208,647 190,952 112,279 349,789 122,163 994,338 825,846 174,954 189,043 82,162 420,885 116,335 72,404 59,003 38,807 602,622 327,250 846,879 7.9 24.9 17.0 18.4 25.5 21.8 9.9 26.6 7.7 13.8 18.9 21.6 19.8 14.1 26.3 26.7 26.9 52.9 54.5 40.8 46.4 25.4 13.8 53.0 10.4 17.6 5.0 9.3 10.3 35.2 9.5 12.4 15.8 14.5 31.5 13.8 71.2 28.0 66.1 68.5 73.1 64.6 41.5 58.9 19.7 69.8 70.6 59.8 49.2 -162,610 -44,348 -105,789 +64,576 +18,399 +3,553 -689,393 +211,843 -643,128 -592,306 -297,735 -368,881 +26,091 -263,243 +74, 106 -282,910 -101,905 +169, 127 +172, 126 +165,980 +276,042 -11,796 -77,958 +77,239 -225,982 +14,921 -162,156 -62,915 -166,570 +107,763 -394,792 -338,239 -136,250 -104,884 +47,402 +12,774 +889,691 +484,913 +143,478 +157,542 +63,995 +333,204 +83,565 +56,588 -2,439 +20,750 +548,472 +259,677 +762,412 1,685 506 1,045 19,078 5,401 10,184 61,580 45,312 105,253 76,044 34,794 48,564 11,576 2,248 2,738 8,736 149,218 297 495 2,846 33,786 32,664 262,540 62,282 876,806 36,417 806,537 956,605 1,248,352 215,110 323,794 617,072 971,167 1,032,565 334,589 726,496 61,334 664,823 665 466 314 3,513 941 53S 52- 37e 1,54« 39f 6,31i 783 272 608 4,125 1,317 2,888 11,830 8,295 20,293 16,850 9,570 12,647 3,384 1,077 1,182 3,483 39,269 196 356 1,189 10,852 9,996 60,946 11,823 253,334 9,257 143,143 135,547 151,095 16,614 90,340 123,899 131,346 132,875 38,549 83,763 6,358 62,082 326 399 181 1,357 531 251 365 332 1,012 204 1,258 49.4 53.8 58.2 21.6 24.4 28.4 19.2 18.3 19.3 22.2 27.5 26.0 29.2 47.9 43.2 39.9 26.3 65.7 71.9 41.8 32.1 30.6 23.2 22.6 28.9 25.4 17.7 14.2 12.1 7.7 27.9 24.0 13.5 12.9 11.5 11.5 10.4 9.3 49.0 85.3 61.3 38.6 56.4 46.7 69.3 88.3 65.5 61.3 19.9 802 234 437 14,953 4,084 7,296 49,750 37,017 84,960 59, 194 25,224 35, 917 8,192 1,171 1,556 5,253 109,949 102 139 1,657 22,934 22,668 201,594 40,459 623,472 27,160 663,394 821,058 1,097,257 198,496 233,454 393,173 839,821 899, 690 296,040 642,733 45,976 602,761 339 69 163 2,156 410 287 162 44 534 194 6,060 1,112 516 1,546 31,641 8,597 14,698 120,029 87,762 190,738 109,643 59,812 106, 141 14,516 2,763 6,688 14,702 155,248 592 782 7,397 53,204 31,067 231,363 93,517 670,042 63,733 696,786 835,126 1,173,078 299,774 260,916 470,878 905,802 1,006,126 440,105 710,755 136,396 684,644 1,706 608 2,146 11,096 1,577 1,946 1,009 484 6,591 1,387 20,26C 310 281 1,109 16,688 4,513 7,402 70,279 50,745 105, 778 50,449 34,588 70,224 6,324 1,592 5,132 9,449 45,299 490 643 5,740 30,270 8,399 29,769 53,058 46,670 36,573 33,392 14,068 75,821 101,278 27,462 77,705 65,981 106,436 144,065 68,022 90,420 81,883 1,367 639 1,993 8,940 1,167 1,658 847 440 5,057 1,193 15,20C 27.9 54.6 71.7 52.7 62.5 50.4 58.6 57.8 55.5 46.0 57.8 66.2 43.6 57.6 76.7 64.3 29.2 82.8 82.2 77.6 58.9 27.0 12.9 56.7 7.0 57.4 4.8 1.7 6.6 33.8 10.5 16.5 7.3 10.6 32.7 9.6 66.3 12.0 80.1 88.7 92.9 80.6 74. C 85.2 83.9 90.9 90.4 86. C 75. C -473 New Hampshire. . . +9 +501 Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut Middle Atlantic: New York +12,563 +3,196 +4,514 +58,449 New Jersey Peimsylvania E. North Central: Ohio +42,450 +85,486 +33,599 +25,018 Illinois +57,577 +2,940 Wisconsin +515 W. North Central: Minnesota *. . +3,950 +5,966 Missouri . . . +6,030 North Dakota South Dakota +295 +287 +4,551 +19,418 South Atlantic: -1,597 -31,177 Dist. Columbia... +41,23J -206,764 West Virginia Korth Carolina South Carolina +27,316 -109,751 -121,479 -75,274 Florida +84,664 E. South Central: Kentucky -62,878 -46,194 -65,365 Mississippi W. South Central: ArkftnsHP -26,439 +106,616 Louisiana -16,741 +85,062 Texas +19,821 Mountain: Montana +1,041 Idaho +140 Wyoming +1,832 Colorado +7,583 New Mexico +636 +1,407 Utah +482 Nevada +108 Pacific: Washington Oregon +4,046 +989 California +13,942 ' Exclusive of outlying possessions. STATE OF BIRTH OF NATIVE POPULATION 181 NATIVE POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES, CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO DIVISION AND STATE IN WHICH BORN: 1910. Table 16 DIVISION OE STATE OV BESIDENCE. United States Geographic divisions:" New England Middle AtlEtntio East North Central . . West North Central. South Atlantic East South Central . . West South Central . Mountain Pacific New England: Maine New Hampshire Vermont Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut Middle Atlantic: New York New Jersey Pennsylvania East Noeth Central: Ohio Indiana Illinois Michigan Wisconsin West Noeth Central: Minnesota Iowa Missouri North Dakota South Dakota Nebraska Kansas South Atlantic: Delaware Maryland District of Columbia Virginia West Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Florida East South Centeal: Kentucky Tennessee Alabama Mississippi West South Central: Arkansas Louisiana Oklahoma Texas Mountain: Montana Idaho Wyoming Colorado New Mexico Arizona Utah Nevada Pacific: Washington Oregon California Total native bom: 1910 78,456,380 4,727,571 14,484,719 15,176,856 10,021,226 11,894,901 8,322,076 8,432,342 2, 180, 195 3,236,495 POPULATION BORN IN- 631,809 333,905 306,035 2,307,171 363,469 785, 182 6,365,603 1,876,379 6,222,737 4, 168, 747 2,541,213 4,433,277 2,212,623 1,820,995 1,532,113 1,951,006 3,063,566 420,402 483,098 1,015,552 1, 565, 499 184,8.30 1.190,402 306, 167 2,034,565 1,163,901 2,200,195 1,509,221 2,593,644 711,986 2, 249, 743 2, 166, 182 2,118,807 1,787,344 1,557,403 1,603,622 1,616,713 3,654,604 281,340 283,016 116,945 669, 437 304, 155 155,689 307,629 62,184 885,749 559,629 1,791,117 United States. 78,381,104 Geographic division. 4,713,412 14,449,409 15,161,277 10,014,417 11,892,399 8,321,346 8, 429, 177 2,176,066 3,223,601 630,039 332,296 303,826 2,300,413 362,757 784,081 6,365,376 1,874,577 6,219,456 4,166,373 2,540,456 4, 429, 948 2,204,978 1,819,522 1,530,532 1,949,754 3,062,454 419,744 482,617 1,014,745 1,554,671 184, 764 1,189,881 305, 742 2,034,169 1,163,706 2,200,056 1, 609, 132 2,693,323 711,627 2,249,628 2,165,940 2, 118, 636 1, 787, 242 1,557,208 1,603,041 1,616,206 3,652,722 280,585 28»,426 116, 751 668,534 303. 817 156,005 306,928 62,021 882,241 568,369 1,782,991 New Eng- land. Middle Atlantic. 4,907,215 15,342,853 4,338,452 219,782 97,614 73,396 29,808 6,406 11,368 31, 132 100,257 252,017 13,461,446 614,679 317,369 275,058 2,133,335 332, 191 665,920 164,921 36,003 28,868 17,739 5,741 37,633 19,670 16,931 23,261 14,523 10,310 3,569 4,361 8,058 9,334 1,073 4,937 7,346 3,969 1,268 1,737 1, 2,841 5,614 1,627 1,970 1,335 574 1,271 1,599 3,018 5,480 6,012 3,269 2,110 12, 772 1,246 1,987 1,927 1,809 22,979 9,962 67,316 East North Central. 16,179,755 38,219 215,559 658,099 13,402,686 338,310 200,437 27,568 61,474 110,724 232,777 7,005 9,183 22,046 101,860 18,648 93,275 5,911,363 1,730,410 5,819,673 209,983 53,704 180,850 153,870 59,692 53,756 79,491 59,529 13,449 17,673 47,209 67,203 21,159 53,645 26,702 25,469 43,086 5,968 2,789 8,441 13, 178 9,166 9,475 6,367 2,570 7,231 6,655 24,503 23,086 17,866 11,447 8,066 50,339 5,292 6,324 6,990 4,411 60,709 30, 141, 180 1,420,484 114,568 134,368 313,673 293,310 646,899 2,610 1,952 2,204 21,124 3,072 7,257 96,261 20, 169 99. 129 3,684,342 2,296,222 3, 785, 932 1,976,061 1,660,128 199,064 286,047 337,038 69,498 86. 130 161,283 281,424 1,140 8,933 12,317 12,457 51,841 3,542 1,467 8,216 14,665 81,926 29,418 14,507 8,607 64,668 13,070 157,663 78.272 54,938 41,133 18, 979 124, 18, 072 14,05' 13,402 7,839 , 193,141 96,802 266, 966 West North Central. South Atlantic. 9,449,18012,770,824 13,664 60,210 337,230 7,608,995 23,632 29,333 497,604 383,584 504,928 40,741 393,230 203,063 122,027 11,292,714 329,067 275,645 44,874 69,463 1,472 867 1,127 7,084 998 2,126 25,680 5,643 18,887 29, 141 30,955 190,646 23,752 62,836 1,227,121 1,517,862 2,366,528 319,883 360,160 755,729 1,061,712 396 2,962 4,207 4,172 2,773 1,371 566 2,967 4,239 10, 241 10,619 4,144 4,329 69, 155 9,980 326,989 91,480 69,422 68, 419 33, 619 165,600 24,039 12,263 13,623 6,599 196,425 105,534 202,969 1,491 925 982 22,059 5,283 10,001 106,686 67,401 219, 143 106,584 32,051 51,057 8,952 4,419 6,266 17,754 51,124 3,304 3,322 12, 135 28,122 160, 133 1,112,457 245,566 1,9-58.809 1,037,326 2,172,604 1,496,677 2,493,462 616, 781 36,254 95,981 148,212 48,620 65,463 27,476 62,094 130,622 5,419 6,30' 3,027 16,800 6,172 3,732 3,114 1,303 23,108 10,677 35,778 East South Central. West South Central. 9,481,023 6,428 29,992 339,296 236, 667 182, 899 7,692,342 859,852 57,317 77,230 421 229 516 2,811 531 920 15,214 3,855 10,923 95,504 105,701 126,716 7,851 4,624 6,496 13,656 153,191 1,826 2,430 9,954 50, 115 291 2,760 4,637 23,827 22,330 11,349 5,342 63,949 48,424 2,101,159 1,991,097 1,928,437 1,671,649 211,402 89,467 167,345 5,465 2,836 20,230 13, 276 5,428 3,056 1,340 21,415 12, 098 43,717 6,758,408 1,289,296 4,164 14,777 32,229 106,493 17,386 81, 925 1,347,452 87,482 67,600 233 178 203 2,422 408 720 9,007 2,009 3,761 5,662 4,656 18, 108 2,368 1,435 1,948 4,626 65,730 812 1,458 4,920 35,999 81 1,162 1,812 1,837 916 1,375 896 5,148 4,159 5,409 19,587 11,106 46,823 1,128,312 1,446,748 866, 750 2,903,642 3,626 5,268 2,640 16,584 43, 129 13, 336 1,587 1.312 15,186 10,311 42,003 Moun- tain. 1,616,866 3,940 11,997 17, 919 38,351 3,879 2,375 17,378 ,101,006 92,451 5,463 13,392 15, 195 17,744 4,335 1,728 8,535 49, 187 1,601,287 344 228 271 1,938 338 6,117 1,946 3,934 2,820 2,299 7,728 2,627 2,445 3,931 4,721 7,617 1,639 3,347 8,012 9,084 65 559 621 800 501 265 180 616 382 854 540 285 1,648 599 6,810 8,421 108,402 130, 136 43,594 252,319 191,282 89,426 257,387 28.461 27,933 17,674 46,844 Pacific. State not specified. 270 238 3,291 357 714 8,430 1,803 3,159 2,568 1,436 6,367 2,260 2,574 2,680 2,679 4,1 873 1,006 2,307 3,603 79 733 767 698 971 232 84 364 407 524 645 309 250 976 661 2,884 4,026 6,725 18,844 1,191 4,246 1,196 7,096 2,623 8,266 310,024 260, 794 285,685 11,324 39,024 57,947 52,950 22,741 17,244 36, 196 17,450 30,809 1,291 1,106 1,181 4, 931 2,327 21,697 5,; 11,989 12,030 7,691 26,121 7,567 4,538 7,019 8,396 16,791 4,901 2,730 5,138 7,975 348 1,743 1,768 2,131 2,704 1,722 1,108 7,429 3,788 2,626 6,294 3,689 4,636 7,193 6,796 8,160 14,057 3,488 2,137 700 4,764 1,114 1,357 3,219 681 11,321 3,729 15, 759 Out- lying posses- sions.' 75,276 14, 159 15,310 15,578 6,809 2,502 730 3,165 4,129 12, 894 1,770 1,609 2,209 6,758 712 1,101 10,227 1,803 3,281 2,374 757 3,329 7,645 1,473 1,581 1,252 1,102 658 481 807 928 521 425 386 195 140 89 321 359 215 242 171 102 196 381 507 1,882 755 591 194 903 .338 584 601 163 3,608 1,260 8,126 I Includes also persons bom at sea under United States flag and American citizens bom abroad. 182 ABSTRACT OF CENSUS— POPULATION. NATIVE POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES, CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO DIVISION AND STATE IN WHICH BORN: 1910— Continued. Table 16— Continued. DIVISION OB STATE OP RESIDENCE. United States Geographic divisions; New England Middle Atlantic East North Central.. West North Central. South Atlantic East South Central.. West South Central. Mountain Pacific , Netv England: Maine New Hampshire Vermont Massachusetts Bhode Island Connecticut Middle Atlantic: New York New Jersey Pennsylvania East Noeth Centbal: Ohio TnHiftTlft Illinois Michigan Wisconsin West Nobth Central: Minnesota Iowa Missouri North Dakota South Dakota Nebraska South Atlantic: Delaware Maryland District of Columbia. Virginia West Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Florida East South Centbal: Kentucky Alabama Mississippi West South Central: Arkansas Louisiana Oklahoma Texas Mountain: Montana Idaho Wyoming Colorado New Mexico Arizona Utah Nevada Pacific: Washington Oregon Caliiomia population born in- New England division. Maine. 791,827 700, 768 17, 761 13,650 16,461 4,867 811 2,336 7,675 27,508 New Hamp- shire. 375, 622 578,739 15,992 2,442 94,515 4,778 4,292 11,188 3,297 3,276 1,675 686 4,515 2,913 3,861 8,024 2,142 1,403 1,036 947 1,318 1,591 135 979 1,101 605 248 268 126 388 1,017 163 317 213 118 209 234 642 1,251 1,908 1,048 414 2,610 301 477 394 523 8,050 2,911 16, 547 340, 038 9,227 7,096 6,364 2,061 393 926 2,358 7,059 10, 621 248,629 9,794 64,503 3,261 3,230 6,198 1,620 1,409 1,127 443 2,895 1,377 Ver- mont. 2,218,167 322, 744 28,466 18,755 16,343 2,524 543 1,668 4,870 12,027 1,999,329 89, 151 37,836 22,547 12,527 2,365 4,284 11, 274 38,844 2,669 19,663 250,480 41,439 3,032 5,661 24,013 2,043 2,410 2,394 840 6,433 4,334 chusetts. Rhode Island. i,:i64 1,927 4, VS4 4,467 1,635 4,237 759 1,474 275 780 384 1,205 690 1,909 794 2,271 69 77 199 316 668 682 268 276 100 157 141 203 74 82 179 241 463 490 73 126 164 239 108 117 48 62 110 212 68 147 275 633 473 676 434 975 233 650 207 366 947 2,024 157 188 126 273 138 285 116 209 1,693 2,939 787 1,656 4.679 7,532 19,899 30,090 10, 389 1,861,820 40,330 36,801 60,900 16,149 13,102 7,614 2,402 16,280 6,889 4,651 6,234 4,112 4,529 991 1,196 2,497 2,988 405 2,197 3,254 1,754 624 668 408 1,256 2,061 811 780 654 220 475 845 909 2,055 1,905 1,034 801 4,828 407 793 787 719 7,511 3,218 28,116 340, 098 773,671 311, 786 13, 663 3,900 2,476 2,173 335 652 1,142 4,071 663, 797 61, 514 16, 377 9,205 5,656 969 1,602 3,813 10,748 1,261 1,358 546 32,553 267, 116 8,962 8,740 2,614 2,309 788 290 1,609 661 662 618 499 484 99 141 329 306 73 363 606 298 68 134 186 231 324 128 86 26 80 70 126 276 197 99 94 508 43 67 78 69 707 354 3,010 Con- necti- cut. 1,600 1,637 1,407 38,505 13,674 607,074 43,882 11,280 6,352 4,141 1,080 5,801 3,496 1,859 1,981 1,998 1,661 378 488 1,316 1,384 314 893 1,235 768 161 323 167 646 1,269 259 342 267 101 185 236 433 749 693 305 228 1,855 150 251 245 186 2,179 1,136 7,433 6,964,161 195, 278 6,014,669 325, 116 159, 935 51, 334 11,537 26, 505 52,284 127,813 Middle Atlantic division. New York. 1, 614, 674 22, 778 1,609,816 26,779 14,423 15,808 1,630 3,228 6,301 14,012 4,683 7,490 20, 599 77,522 12,375 72,709 6,647,063 262,769 114,827 57,368 16, 771 92,300 116,847 41,830 35,460 36,143 26, 173 7,554 10,160 21,019 23,426 2,660 9,517 11,536 8,850 3,501 2,315 1,366 4,433 7,267 3,614 4,181 2,609 1,233 3,096 3,830 8,392 11,187 8,464 5,237 3,640 23,802 2,381 3,082 3,385 2,293 31, 706 16, 115 79,992 New Jersey. 6,763,717 33,961 6,936,972 306,204 163, 952 133,295 14,501 31, 741 62, 139 90,952 696 647 460 8,677 2,335 9,974 99,068 1,344,164 66,683 6,740 2,933 10,434 4,526 2,147 2,025 3,183 3,107 466 646 2,231 2,766 2,826 3,491 2,663 2,803 841 590 299 889 1,417 632 635 328 135 371 411 976 1,470 510 422 2,941 271 424 442 295 2,707 1,421 9,884 Pennsyl- vania. 1,727 1,046 997 15,661 3,938 10,592 165,232 133,477 6,638,263 146, 876 34,000 78, 116 32,498 16,716 16,271 40,166 30,249 6,429 6,867 23, 959 41, 012 15,774 40,637 12,613 13,816 38,744 3,063 1,125 3,119 4,504 5,020 4,769 3,520 1,202 3,764 2,414 15, 135 10,428 8,406 5,709 3,993 23,596 2,640 2,818 3,163 1,823 26,296 13,362 51,304 4,713,009 East North Central division. Ohio. 2,805,516 10, 686 110, 773 ,954,072 264,974 71,981 65,857 62,551 63, 108 119,007 3,069 19,649 2,296,813 225, 460 13,421 43,762 78, 462 44,942 79, 938 704 424 505 5,787 954 2,312 34,913 7,945 67,915 ,646,991 157,119 122,391 109,932 17,639 18,226 61,851 64,616 6,499 8,682 31,204 73,896 425 4,151 5,093 6,438 46,814 1,393 642 3,222 4,903 38,867 10,229 4,955 1,816 9,832 3,276 33,094 16,349 8,460 7,039 4,323 30,673 4,087 3,649 3,169 1,918 32, 849 20, 030 66, 128 Indiana. 4,714,723 10, 786 41,463 3,592,391 614,506 15, 036* 26,246 144, 086 104, 813 166,396 244 125 135 1,612 280 673 8,610 2,261 8,778 66, 794 2,031,345 143,188 45,697 11,681 37,852 64,237 9,416 7,498 25,483 69,293 159 1,255 2,059 1,697 2,560 818 261 1,762 2,870 30,830 7,812 2,974 2,146 16,831 2,613 41,249 17,769 6,208 5,546 3,047 21,219 3,664 2,289 2,029 1,041 23,773 14,877 41,288 Illinois. 2,168,645 659 513 608 6,263 763 2,100 23,635 5,702 12,126 25,763 80,527 3, 406, 638 33,366 46,107 46,192 138, 310 186,691 16,903 32, 360 77,709 116,341 276 1,792 2,774 2,167 1,420 660 339 1,865 3,744 10, 188 7,726 4,129 3,203 33,682 4,727 71,085 34,592 14,627 13, 172 7,331 49, 964 7,607 4,700 5,024 2,488 51,163 27,942 87,291 Michi- 9,027 30,679 896,829 77, 362 9,163 6,117 16,486 36,669 87,623 644 698 446 5,230 701 1,408 20,804 2,777 6,998 38,921 22,366 46,419 1,761,085 26,217 9,511 10,124 6,677 6,380 8,243 10,210 210 1,129 1,449 1,784 760 469 218 972 2,162 1,328 2,494 1,388 907 2,592 1,558 6,115 5,221 10,826 6,126 1,751 11,049 1,685 2,100 1,760 1,273 38,089 16, 198 34,236 Wiscon- sin. 2,077,862 4,651 13,095 1,662,680 238,182 4,977 3,376 13,088 43,878 94,035 469 292 610 2,242 384 764 1,484 3,312 6,883 4,865 67,296 26,081 1,558,455 96,748 38,623 11,370 30,003 31,210 18,644 11,684 71 606 942 1,371 297 202 107 405 976 723 1,167 1,061 435 1,731 896 6,120 4,341 14,928 9,251 2,527 12,086 1,129 1,419 1,420 1,119 47,267 18,755 28,013 STATE OF BIRTH OF NATIVE POPULATION. 183 NATIVE POPULATION OP THE UNITED STATES, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES, CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO DIVISION AND STATE IN WHICH BORN: 1910— Continued. "Table 16— Contd. DIVISION OK STATE OP RESIDBNCS. POPULATION DOEN IN— West Nortli Central division. United States... GEOGBAPmC DIVISIONS: New England Middle Atlantic E. North Central... W. Nortli Central.. South Atlantic E. South Central.. W. South Central... Mountain Pacific New England: Maine New Hampshire Vermont Massachusetts Ehode Island Connecticut Middle Atlantic: New York New Jersey Pennsylvania East Nobth Central: Ohio Indiana Illinois Micliigan Wisconsin West Nobth Central: Minnesota Iowa Missouri North Dakota South Dakota Nebraska Kansas South Atlantic: Delaware Maryland D istrict of Columbia Virginia West Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Florida East South Central: Kentucky Tennessee Alabama Mississippi West South Central: Arkansas Louisiana Oklahoma Texas Mountain: Montana Idaho Wyoming Colorado New Mexico Arizona Utah Nevada Pacific; Washhigton Oregon California 1,«6,106 Minne- sota. Iowa. 2,218,420 3,650 7,041 52,494 1,247,409 2,912 2,034 7, 35,109 88,069 658 232 219 1,875 267 3,111,883 3,269 11,628 95,656 1,805,901 6,444 4,028 60,068 101,362 131,064 Mis- souri. 2,982 18,162 115,335 2,453, 8,490 17,948 281,391 111,730 131,907 4,388 775 1,878 2,538 1,854 12,763 4,594 30,755 1,121,378 16,669 4,207 68,972 27,143 5,312 3,730 40 393 603 645 175 100 76 355 312 677 441 604 North Dako- ta. 245,810 247 237 324 1,672 207 682 6,126 1,342 4,160 7,704 7,246 57,948 6,446 16,312 67,100 1,416,684 56,893 30,553 75,815 94,623 64,333 450 960 4,979 216,743 490 1, 7,145 13,691 South Dako- ta. 305,604 104 634 1, 860 606 235 104 771 1,042 181 136 161 1,752 236 516 8,516 2,055 7,591 9,648 11,595 85,161 4,475 4,556 6,486 39,664 2,222,926 4,785 7,347 32,929 139,803 119 1,156 1,387 1,323 1,085 482 224 1,131 1,683 438 1, 8,194 265,289 '728 640 2,713 9,878 16,376 Ne- braska. 839,783 1,251,574 3,653 2,443 17,403 7,859 1,239 6,785 621 802 944 666 62,198 16,499 19,372 936 1,405 867 830 5,286 1,711 41,186 11,886 17,465 16,168 10,651 44,276 4,184 2,417 4,303 1, 47,862 28,242 54,960 7,019 6,690 l,i 2,377 64,046 6,018 162,266 69,061 16,703 16,289 7,296 60,729 11,606 5,206 3,634 2,269 38,666 25,456 67,786 105 48 44 169 30 64 518 98 334 432 429 1,197 989 1,932 12,980 1,361 570 197,847 2,966 526 72 143 38 26 18 33 57 108 90 110 62 448 478 4,594 1,369 166 635 68 116 120 87 7,867 3,025 2,799 1,226 4,233 23,126 586,087 2,087 1,120 22,602 60,820 48,583 50 42 73 167 36 71 705 164 479 502 406 2,511 1, 3,495 11,010 8,464 1,449 12,669 225,125 4,940 1,642 19 73 114 227 39 40 , 28 98 90 42 332 199 67 262 88 1,513 860 3,642 1,687 1,601 2,176 204 244 248 176 8,000 3,809 4,567 Kansas. 1,650 6,848 37,446 933,628 3,481 3,299 122,444 67,540 76,238 67 141 604 120 197 2,276 449 1, 2,^33 2,471 11,968 2,547 3,607 5,165 21,724 13,733 3,484 18,347 695,551 28,083 30 261 332 450 244 238 39 212 281 429 268 167 1,474 381 16,844 6,656 7,361 8,652 24,643 1,176 722 2,089 632 17,647 12 666 18,370 South Atlantic division. Dela- ware. Mary- land. 197,8131,297,179 1,432 38,390 3,040 1,690 149,789 344 524 903 1,701 136 96 166 845 113 297 3,151 760 2,937 5,884 6,954 19,008 3,421 2,179 3,006 13,406 66,761 1,673 3,417 21,848 48 376 601 534 586 251 68 357 660 1,658 996 468 277 7,171 1,134 101, 170 12,960 4,970 8,706 4,216 37,356 6,281 2,766 2,286 971 24,186 15, 937 35, 116 6,820 106,081 27,800 14, 667 1,119,229 3,787 5,349 4,676 8,770 Dist. Colum- bia. 64 36 18 681 124 519 3,048 8,423 26,919 886 672 978 373 232 218 333 457 63 64 236 319 137,131 9,716 186,453 2, 15,166 3,752 2,025 156,944 649 994 1, 2,230 Vir- ginia. 2,464,845 14,671 132, 960 63,717 51,076 2,074,347 56, 969 39,656 12,277 19,183 140 246 77 160 226 106 101 88 60 64 76 151 244 107 67 54 432 52 43 77 71 450 232 1,019 433 174 129 3,620 1,072 1,492 17,360 16,545 73, 176 11,724 3,485 9,640 1, 1,112 1,312 2,980 4,520 401 475 1,743 3,236 19, 779 1,026,365 41, 623 15,289 11,467 1, 660 1, 1,142 1,124 1,002 812 111 77 78 1,394 361 686 West Vir- ginia. 1,118,754 1,040 30,311 65,718 21,337 962,282 9,051 10,132 7,740 11,143 733 1,333 1,216 2,067 746 370 435 2,001 285 337 292 210 2,076 1,126 5,569 2,689 6,267 1,175 1; 368 177 313 211 777 38 74 208 404 294 10, 591 139,361 5,149 502 273 115 418 261 178 228 163 80 137 208 217 432 133 106 95 420 81 108 90 65 462 216 1,552 272 304 7,961 2,076 3,760 40,856 26, 177 66,927 31,007 11,736 17,360 2,531 1,083 1,736 7,056 24,629 1,164 1,006 5,085 10,400 2,156 45,816 52, 714 1,843,162 83,532 29, 939 3,422 8,709 4,907 18,641 23,229 7,638 7,651 6,699 6,380 9,860 17, 816 1,613 1, 859 4,535 1 934 821 344 6,827 3,114 9,242 North Caro- lina. 2,470,495 6,473 34,747 20,661 16, 410 2,271,118 53,386 47,574 8,021 12,205 South Caro- lina. 1,692,648 2,812 16,931 4,971 3,697 1,693,500 30,963 35, 794 1,935 2,965 2,828,309 615,423 91 45 25 457 147 275 2,646 1,000 26,666 50,647 5,194 7,680 1,746 651 937 3,664 6,330 724 638 - 2,447 6,607 187 12,958 2,444 12,957 931,077 903 264 492 1,010 7,136 1,185 488 242 1,419 358 6,940 2,415 961 1,248 496 3,294 612 516 412 201 4,455 1,986 4,703 160 107 91 3,832 641 1,742 14,450 7,720 12,577 6,814 8,183 5,417 867 280 524 2,081 7,258 659 400 1 4,128 320 4,257 4,482 73,813 9,174 ,089,728 42,749 28,953 17,642 4,994 29,066 8,772 10,664 16, 459 3,769 9,483 18,863 1,100 1,681 621 2,746 768 461 588 166 5,502 2,345 4,358 71 69 73 1,624 351 Georgia. Flori- da. 14,316 10,942 9,416 2,483,047 161,989 128,926 7,138 9,174 162 97 188 1,787 463 1,526 6,329 2,662 1,709 482,458 11,949 6,698 1,098 2,102 634 10,098 000 8,692 2,727 2,284 3,106 3,340 1,641 3,154 630 1,581 2,222 5,101 280 670 198 436 258 695 314 900 1,640 4,989 101 97 412 192 275 584 797 1,959 106 1,219 1,995 3,736 665 42,526 1,431,028 72,891 39,346 967 6,314 14,237 9,446 13, 162 3,703 4,016 97 1,201 1, 2, 610 6,589 16,373 2,364,349 89,264 2,832 33,895 107,643 17, 619 27,207 10,723 20,485 914 70,610 229 636 171 587 138 360 590 2,428 286 1,644 221 943 239 474 61 167 763 2,002 316 921 ,886 6,261 111 58 76 803 148 329 3,227 936 1,166 637 302 1,095 278 ' 250 273 225 624 67 61 197 272 63 346 362 740 169 676 1,009 16,092 463,003 387 961 8,371 2,230 683 1,927 727 3,361 95 94 69 354 156 169 121 582 322 1,198 184 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. NATIVE POPULATION OP THE UNITED STATES, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES, CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO DIVISION AND STATE IN WHICH BORN: 1910— Continued. Table 16— Continued. DIVISION OR STATE OF KESIDENCE. 2,166 14,327 254,780 126, 195 39,805 2,084,251 121, 605 26,090 35,456 United States 2, 704, 676 GEOGKApmc divisions: New England Middle Atlantic East North Central . . West North Central. South Atlantic East South Central. . West South Central - Mountain Pacific New England: Maine New Hampshire Vermont Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut Middle Atlanhc: New York New Jersey Pennsylvania East North Central: Ohio Indiana Illinois Michigan Wisconsin West North Central: Minnesota Iowa Missouri North Dakota South Dakota Nebraska Kansas South Atlantic: Delaware ,. Maryland District of Columbia Virginia West Virginia North Carolina SouthCarolina Georgia Florida East South Central: Kentucky Tennessee Alabama Mississippi West South Central: Arkansas Louisiana Oklahoma Texas Mountain: Montana Idaho Wyoming Colorado New Mexico Arizona Utah Nevada Pacific: Washington Oregon California population born in- East South Central division. Ken- tucky. 2,644,434 165 1,125 230 402 6,943 1,821 5,563 83,028 89,185 74,543 5,134 2,890 3,277 7,534 77,325 1,084 1,340 5,871 29,764 147 1, 1,606 8,751 19,263 1,180 533 3,240 4,005 ,031,385 41,936 6,605 5,325 24,337 4,864 43,431 48,973 3,417 2,499 1,517 10, 103 4,366 2,168 1,309 711 10,079 6,410 19,967 Tennes- Ala- bama. 2,316,790 1,341 7,445 62,095 85,631 48,144 ,004,079 288,216 18,757 28,726 1,392 5,862 12,319 11,069 86,309 1,968,915 216,741 7,154 7,1 39 166 686 151 210 3,652 905 2,888 8,904 13,797 36,939 1, 757 1,215 4,233 60,713 415 780 2,937 15,338 92 777 1,442 12,865 2,241 8,104 2,747 15,713 4,163 64,498 ,873,227 41,988 24,366 84,870 6,189 62,465 134,702 1,607 2,299 810 6,267 4,764 1,578 1,063 8,165 5,193 15,378 1,916,121 135 71 164 710 112 200 3,120 809 1,' 2,343 1,768 7,053 604 551 566 874 6,488 119 144 447 2,431 823 1,568 663 1,377 1,540 42,458 37,267 3,141 29,739 1,857,916 78,119 38,013 22,285 33,198 123,245 347 356 327 2,272 2, .324 995 380 153 1,778 825 4,426 Missis- sippi. 529 2,358 10,102 13,772 8,641 1,635,097 233,290 5,316 6,019 39 33 21 290 38 108 1,499 320 539 1,229 951 7,181 415 326 438 1,014 8,665 208 166 699 2,582 24 308 766 643 163 688 522 2,538 2, 2,135 46, 195 22,928 1,563,839 64,182 56,129 28,261 84,718 316 311 182 1,588 1,821 687 304 107 1,403 670 3,946 1,397,667 West South Central division. Arkan- 1,699,273 395 1,710 9,655 40,477 3,752 22,382 1,288,152 13,688 17,546 30 27 35 205 41 57 947 214 549 1,050 1,687 5,907 624 387 399 1,173 28,822 182 373 1,199 8,329 12 166 284 400 307 393 231 1,164 796 1,679 10,129 2,334 8,240 1,055,940 15,324 132,763 84,126 795 2,043 531 3,707 4,353 1,542 376 241 4,887 3,310 9,349 Louis- iana. 2,433 7,021 8,377 8,659 6,262 40, 178 1,515,356 3,715 8,282 84 82 47 1,537 260 423 4,405 1,067 1,649 1,517 900 5,065 493 397 573 604 5,; 92 114 444 1,444 36 475 579 510 179 272 181 1,206 1,814 1,387 3,127 3,447 32, 217 34,837 1,405,936 13,313 61,270 250 208 173 1,267 922 533 167 195 1,085 649 6,548 Oklar homa. 626,452 3,136,026 169 847 5,044 32,745 1,016 2,165 557,253 16,518 10,695 1,167 5,199 9,153 2.3,612 7,366 17,200 2,986,691 53, 661 30, 977 17 20 19 75 6 32 347 79 421 1,733 754 2,018 376 163 268 1,559 9,656 170 397 1,710 18,985 76 124 120 163 81 47 260 139 453 739 510 463 11,981 570 515, 212 29,490 804 1,478 501 4,931 7,348 1,122 184 150 3,522 2,380 4,793 Texas. 102 49 102 005 101 208 3,308 649 1,242 1,362 1,315 5,118 870 708 1,290 11,864 368 574 1,567 7,241 27 445 825 807 267 619 437 2,518 1,411 1, 9,592 4,815 4, 25,554 24,918 2a5,462 2, 730, 757 1,777 1,539 1,436 6,679 30,506 10, 139 860 726 5, 3,972 21,313 Mountain division. Mon- tana. 132,164 508 1,359 2,746 5,716 425 294 799 106,556 13,762 Idaho. Wy- oming. 122,388 267 36 62 784 157 418 325 161 985 603 672 1,711 576 659 950 861 508 450 94 46 397 262 99,314 3,476 878 770 75 328 1,217 498 7,845 2,511 3,406 400 1,265 2,307 2,528 592 435 1,199 98,721 14,941 49 25 34 199 32 61 573 212 328 767 661 350 518 557 132 104 459 408 3 76 78 116 104 67 32 82 94 1»7 167 74 27 224 111 469 395 1,621 90,225 1, 609 90 392 4,106 470 7,494 4,706 2,741 61,079 199 899 1,241 4,215 294 94 577 39,970 3,590 Colo- rado. N#w Mexico. 323,334 7 16 15 115 18 ■ 28 562 189 83 466 169 334 225 460 422 95 1,137 1,484 392 5 24 73 41 94 12 14 18 13 31 30 25 8 78 14 298 187 1,450 1,937 31,782 2,229 91 143 2,063 275 1,255 858 1,477 1,400 3,919 7,466 19,314 1,097 802 6,464 256,443 26,429 117 71 80 652 102 378 2,057 540 1,322 1,244 841 3,703 1,014 664 760 2,238 4,304 271 916 4,692 6,133 27 158 156 189 124 103 27 1S8 155 237 293 199 73 227 3,408 2,133 2,622 4,322 3,534 233,516 4,266 2,035 4,340 1, 7, 4, 14,510 218,693 612 1,453 1,279 2,727 426 217 5,457 202,853 3,1 43 7 41 333 64 124 664 495 294 195 114 626 45 101 214 1 107 61 131 44 13 9 26 34 60 73 56 184 56 1,493 3,724 218 224 695 11,992 184,749 4.477 382 116 568 402 Ari- zona. 96,273 226 1,496 1,141 1,003 272 232 1,595 82,939 7,369 10 11 7 83 31 84 595 168 733 226 178 446 128 163 110 102 296 38 37 .119 301 6 57 44 29 50 15 9 33 29 61 70 66 457 187 374 171 559 1,487 78,949 975 237 Utah. 304,968 200 831 1,207 2,065 442 142 875 287,942 11,264 19 13 26 110 12 20 481 122 190 116 639 158 104 174 412 559 62 114 435 309 7 42 88 198 27 18 11 35 16 24 67 87 35 191 562 2,090 28,728 5,180 2,325 469 2,679 243,054 3,417 Ne- vada. 46,397 395 775 532 784 331 159 412 25,582 11,427 443 2,236 464 2,876 6,462 6,162 31 49 29 179 43 64 401 163 211 123 39 202 98 70 79 152 191 46 77 101 138 3 35 38 22 8 30 52 112 41 62 51 17 99 44 97 172 900 850 146 319 55 422 1,250 21,640 1,012 1,018 9,397 STATE OF BIRTH OF NATIVE POPULATION. 185 NATIVE POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES, CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO DIVISION AND STATE IN WHICH BORN: 1910— Continued. Table 16— Continued. POPULATION BORN IN— Bom at sea under United States flag. DIVISION OR STATE OF Pacific division. United States (state not reported). Outlying possessions. American citizens KESIDENCE. Washing- ton. Oregon. Calilomia. Alaska. Guam. Hawaii. Philip- pine Islands. Porto Rico. abroad. TTnltedStates 318,619 293,640 1,004,607 285,686 1,075 19 3,741 1,017 1,513 1,560 66,361 Geographic divisions: 736 2,177 4,243 5,504 1,181 410 1,786 13,238 289,345 413 1,201 2,051 3,777 749 215 1,398 11,835 272,001 4,315 10,014 8,901 8,463 2,405 1,103 5,361 24,114 939,941 11,324 39,024 57,947 52,950 22, 741 17,244 36,196 17,450 30,809 12 42 43 38 6 4 7 31 892 19 63 64 57 19 23 2 3 106 3,415 40 74 64 93 103 18 145 48 432 42 747 72 21 203 5 61 10 362 226 244 221 172 210 60 157 76 194 13,786 Middle Atlantic 14, 139 East North Central 15,121 West North Central 6,466 South Atlantic 1,957 East South Central 041 West South Central 2,792 3,869 Pacific 7,590 New England: 74 47 57 418 51 88 1,157 267 753 497 296 1,318 659 1,473 1,275 779 1,026 392 357 631 1,044 16 220 109 283 298 81 20 63 101 131 20O 48 31 236 73 747 730 2,254 8,630 261 839 164 376 323 391 262,694 17,508 9,143 54 24 22 227 27 59 628 114 459 432 224 738 370 287 480 601 786 200 260 638 813 9 57 80 64 436 28 6 26 53 67 80 35 33 179 62 663 494 1,467 7,286 348 726 180 619 504 705 29,669 226,102 17,330 465 199 159 2,646 279 567 6,645 1,422 1,947 1,639 916 4,301 1,231 814 926 1,299 2,786 281 389 1,038 1,746 54 456 578 361 237 123 58 285 263 326 365 226 186 660 516 1,474 ■ 2,801 2,004 2,928 582 2,681 852 6,101 1,796 7,170 17,761 18, 184 903,996 1,291 1,105 1,181 4,489 931 2,327 21,697 5,338 11,989 12,030 7,691 26,121 7,567 4,638 7,019 8,396 16,791 4,901 2,730 6,138 7,976 348 1,743 1,768 2,131 2,704 1,722 1,108 7,429 3,788 2,626 6,294 3,689 4,635 7,193 6,796 8,150 14,067 3,488 2,137 700 4,764 1,114 1,357 3,219 681 11,321 3,729 15,769 1 1 8 2 3 2 4 6 25 2 4 641 23 83 11 11 23 11 16 2 2 10 52 5 27 104 9 29 126 44 74 43 32 49 50 47 26 33 20 19 1,704 1,597 Vermont 17 15 2 3 46 20 8 15 3 24 18 4 5 22 22 1 5 17 21 1 8 69 20 2 2 1 7 3 1 2 13 2 2 115 2 26 19 2 1 12 1 7 4 2 84 22 .326 2,160 6 34 4 6 44 4 16 12 12 23 6 4 5 6,574 695 C,nTiT\pr±\cwtt 4 25 6 11 • 6 7 9 19 2 11 6 5 4 1,056 Middle Atlantic: New York 9,345 New Jersey 1,705 3,089 East North Central: Ohio 2,287 Indiana 692 Illinois 3,201 Michigan 7,641 Wisconsin 1,400 West North Central: 1,532 1,189 5 1 1 2 5 1 1 6 6 1,040 Nnrth Dftlfotii 633 475 6 6 6 2 3 48 48 11 2 1 2 5 83 12 62 1 18 8 19 10 10 5 131 8 18 14 20 8 18 26 11 102 21 4 4 22 6 16 1 3 67 16 112 765 832 SotiTH Atlantic: 60 1 3 2 445 301 Virsinia 328 181 127 81 6 4 2 173 261 East Soxtth Central: 1 2 193 5 219 138 1 3 91 West South Central: 1 2 3 42 2 14 5 168 .396 1 3 8 3 4 6 491 1,737 8 3 1 20 3 3 63 4 142 82 3,191 Moiwtain: 694 579 1 2 183 842 328 2 657 633 9 459 235 198 19 2 6 5 342 143 PACiric: 2, 7.51 901 California 3,938 186 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. MIGBATION OF NATIVE POPULATION FROM AND TO EACH STATE: 1910. BORN IN THE STATE AND LIVING IN OTHER STATES. I LIVING IN THE STATE AND BORN IN OTHER I STATES. HUNDREDS OF THOUSANDS MAINE NEW HAMPSHIRE VERMONT MASSACHUSETTS RHODE ISLAND CONNECTICUT NEW YORK NEW JERSEY PENNSYLVANIA OHIO INDIANA ILLINOIS MICHIGAN WISCONSIN MINNESOTA, IOWA MISSOURI NORTH DAKOTA SOUTH DAKOTA NEBRASKA KANSAS DELAWARE MARYLAND OIST. OF COLUMBIA VIRGINIA WEST VIRGINIA. NORTH CAROLINA SOUTH CAROLINA GEORGIA FLORIDA KENTUCKY TENNESSEE ALABAMA MISSISSIPPI. ARKANSAS LOUISIANA OKLAHOMA TEXAS MONTANA) ' IDAHO WYOMING' COLORADO NEW MEXICO ARIZONA UTAH NEVADA WASHINGTON OREGON CALIFORNIA Chapter 5. POPULATION OF FOREIGN BIETH AND FOREIGN PARENTAGE, BY COUNTRY OF ORIGIN. INTBODtrCTION. This chapter presents statistics as to the origin of the large foreign element in the population of the United States. More specifically, it distributes the foreign- bom whites, and Mkewise the total foreign born, according to country of birth; the native whites whose parents were both born abroad, according to the country of birth of the parents; and the native whites with one foreign-bom parent, the other being native, according to the country of birth of the foreign-bom parent. It also distinguishes the persons born in cer- tain foreign countries, according to mother tongue, and gives the total number of males and females born in each foreign country. Statistics are given for geographic divisions, states, and principal cities, and for the urban and rural population of the several geo- ^graphic divisions. Persons living in Alaska, Hawaii, Porto Rico, and other outlying possessions of the United States are not included, but, on the other hand, persons living in the United States proper who were l)om in any of these outlying possessions are treated :as natives and not as foreign born. The importance of the foreign element may be seen from the fact that of the 91,972,266 inhabitants of ithe United States in 1910, no lessT than 13,515,886, or iCT^pSr cent, Were ^brn in some foreign cou ntoy. In^ddition, There" were 12,916,311 native whites of ioreign parentage, forming 14 per cent of the total population, and 5,981,526 native whites of mixed •{native and foreign) parentage, forming 6.5 per cent -of the total. These three classes — without considering the small number of native nonwhites of foreign or anixed parentage — together numbered 32,413,723, or 35.2 per cent of the population of the country. Some of the tables, as abeady indicated, relate to the total foreign-born population, and others only to the forei^-born whites. ^Oi the 13,515,886 persons H)f foreign birth in 1910, 13,345,545 were whites, the remainder, which was only 170,341, representing «hiefly Chinese and Japanese, and negroes (mainly from the West Indies)^ In most cases the total number born in a given country is substantially the same as the number of whites born in that country. Definition of terms.— For brevity the Census Bureau ias adopted the term "foreign white stock" to indi- cate the combined total of three classes, namely, the foreign-born whites themselves, the native whites of foreign parentage, and the native whites of mixed parentage. It has also adopted the term "country of origin" to express, ia the case of the foreign born, the country of birth of the person enumerated, in the case of the native whites of foreign parentage, the country in which both of the foreign parents were bom, and, in the case of the native whites of mixed parentage, the country in which the foreign parent was born. The combined total of all persons in these three classes for whom the same country of origiu is shown is designated as the foreign white stock derived from that country. It will be noted, of course, that in the case of some of the native whites of foreign parentage the two parents were not born in the same foreign country. Such persons are classified, in the tables showing the country of origin of the native whites of foreign parentage, as persons of "mixed foreign par- entage." They must, of course, be clearly distin- guished from the persons of mixed native and foreign parentage, usually called, more briefly, of "mixed parentage." On account of the variety of races represented among the immigrants from certain foreign coun- tries, the Census Bureau has avoided the use of such terms as "Germans," "Eussians," "Austrians," and the like, to designate the persons bom in Germany, Russia, Austria, or other countries. Confusion would arise from identifying country of birth with race or nationality. Persons bom in Germany, for example, are not all Germans, while, conversely, there are many Germans who were born in other countries, particu- larly Austria, Switzerland, and Russia. Mother-tongue statistics. — An amendment to the Thirteenth Census act caUed for statistics of the ' ' nationality or mother tongue " of the foreign-bom population and of the parents of the native popula- tion of foreign or mixed parentage. It was found expedient, in order to place the statistics on a definite basis, to call simply for the "mother tongue." This term is generally understood to mean the language of customary speech before immigration, although in the home countries of certain classes of foreigners the language of customary speech at the present time is not the language, or any modification of the language, of their distant ancestors. For example, most of the Scotch speak English and not Gaelic. In some such cases the ancestral language, rather than that of cus- tomary use, was doubtless reported. Full statistics as to mother tongue will appear in a special report. Such statistics, however, are chiefly significant with reference to the natives of five countries — Germany, Austria, Hungary, Russia, and Canada — and only for such persons are mother-tongue statistics presented in this Abstract. Immigrants from Canada include many French-speaking as well as many English-speaking people, while the very numerous immigrants from each of the other four (187) 188 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. countries include a number of widely differing racial groups. There is also a considerable mixture of races in the case of the immigrants from Belgium, part of whom speak French and part Flemish; of those from Switzerland, part of whom speak German, part French, and part Italian, respectively; and of those from the Balkan peninsula. In view, however, of the com- paratively small number of the foreign born in the United States who have come from Belgium, Switzer- land, and the Balkan peninsula, statistics for them by mother tongue are not iacluded in this Abstract. For natives of most of the other countries from which the United States has mainly derived its foreign-born population, statistics as to mother tongue would add little information of value, since practically all persons from these countries speak the mother tongue indi- cated by the name of the country. For example, substantially all of the foreign born from Sweden speak Swedish, and of those from Italy almost all speak Italian; while, conversely, practically all of the inomigrants whose mother tongue was Swedish or Italian have come from Sweden or Italy, as the case may be. It may be noted further that statistics as to the mother tongue of persons born in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland would throw little light upon racial origin. Most of the Scotch and the Irish ordinarily speak the English language, and, while some of them reported Gaelic or Irish as their mother tongue, most reported English. Consequently, statis- tics of the number born in Scotland or in Ireland give a more accurate idea of the number of Scotch or Irish from the United Kingdom than would be obtained from the number reporting the respective mother tongues ; and the same is also true of persons born in Wales. UNITED STATES AS A WHOLE. Total foreign born, by country of birth: 1910 and 1900. — The sources of the foreign-born population of the United States in 1910 and 1900, respectively, are summarized in Table 1, in which the countries of birth are arranged geographically. While every geographic division of the world is represented in the foreign-born population of the United States, by far the greater proportion of that population has come from Europe. Persons of European birth constituted 87.2 per cent of the total foreign born in 1910. Most of the remainder were from the American continent, chiefly from Canada. Of the total foreign-born population, 49.9 per cent were from the countries of northwestern Europe and 37.4 per cent from the countries of southern and eastern Europe. Germany and Ireland were the most impor- tant countries of the former group in contributing to the population of the United States, and Eussia and Finland, Austria-Hungary, and Italy the most impor- tant of the latter group. Among the countries of birth of the foreign-born population of the United vStates, Germany held first place in 1910,. with 2,501,333, or 18.5 per cent, of the total foreign born. Next in importance were Austria- Hungary, with 12.4 per cent; Russia, 11.9 per cent;: Ireland, 10 per cent; Italy, 9.9 per cent; the Scandi- navian countries as a group, 9.3 per cent; Great Britain (England, Scotland, and Wales), 9 per cent; and Can- ada and Newfoundland, 9 per cent. These counties together contributed nine-tenths of the total foreign- born population of the United States enumerated in 1910. Table 1 COUNTET OF BIKTH. Total foreign bom Europe Northwestern Europe . . Great Britain England Scotland Wales Ireland Germany Scandinavian countries. Norway Sweden Denmark Netherlands (Holland)," Bel- gium, and Luxemburg. . . Netherlands Belgium Luxemburg France Switaerland Southern and Eastern Europe Portugal Spain Ifely Bnssiaand Finland Russia Finland !^. . AustriarHungary Austria; . .-:■;': ir?. . . . . :'T Hungary Balkan peninsula Roumania Biilgaria Servia Montenegro Greece Turkey in Eiirope Country not specified Asia China Japan , India , Turkey in Asia , All other countries America « Canada and Newfoimdiand., Canada— French Canada— other Newfoundland West Indies ' , Cuba , other West Indies Mexico Central and South America. . Central America South America All other Africa Australia , Atlantic islands , Pacific islands Country not specified Born at sea 1910 Number. 13,615,886 11,791,841 6,740, 1,221, 877, 261, 82, 1,352, 2,501, 1,250, 403, 665, 181, 172,534 120,063 49,400 3,071 117,418 124,848 5,048,583 59,360 22, 108 1,343,125 1, 732, 462 1,602,782 129, 680 1,670,582 1U74;97E 495, 609 220,946 65,923 11,498 4,r— 5,374 101,282 32,230 2,858 191,484 66, 756 67,744 4,664 59, 729 2,691 1,189,831 1,209, 385, 819, 5, 47, 15, 32, 221, 9, 1, 43,330 3,992 9,035 18,274 2,415 2,687 6,927 Per cent of total. 100.0 87.2 49.9 9.0 6.5 1.9 0.6 10.0 18.5 9.3 3.0 4.9 1.3 1.3 0.9 0.4 0.9 0.9 37.4 0.4 0.2 9.9 12.8 11.9 1.0 12.4 8.7 3.7 1.6 0.5 0.1 0.7 0.2 1.4 0.4 0.5 (') 0.4 11.0 9.0 2.8 6.1 (') 0.4 0.1 0.2 1.6 0.1 (') 0.1 0.3 (^) 0.1 0.1 m 0.1 1900 Number. 10,341,276 8,871,780 7,016,311 1,167,623 840,513 233,524 93,586 1,615,459 2,813,628 1,072,092 336,388 582,014 153,690 127, 719 94,931 29,757 3,031 104, 197 US, 593 1,832,894 30, 608 7,050 484,027 640,743 578, 102 62, 641 637, 009 4M,295 145, 714 15,032 8,515 19,910 6 22,675 120,248 81, 534 24,788 2,031 (<) 11,895 1,317,; 1, 179, 922 ' 395, 126 ' 784, 796 (') 25,435 11,081 14, 354 103,393 8,630 3,897 4,733 31,868 2,538 6,807 9,768 2,013 2,546 8,196 Per cent of total. 100.0 85. 67.8 11.3 8.1 2.3 0.9 15.6 27.2 10.4 3.3 5.6 1.5 1.2 0.9 0.3 (}) 1.0 1.1 17.7 0.3 0.1 4.7 6.2 5.6 0.6 6.2 4.8 1.4 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 1.2 0.8 0.2 (^) 0.1 12.7 n.4 3.8 7. 0.2 0.1 0.1 1.0 0.1 h 0.3 0.1 0.1 m 0.1 INCREASE:! 1900-1910 Number. 3,174,610 2,920,061 -275,911 53,660 37, 206 27, 552 -11,098 -263,208 -312, 295 178,641 67,489 83,193 27,959 44,815 25,132 19,643 40 13,221 9,255 3,215,689 28,752 15,058 859,098 1,091,719 1,024,680 67,039 1,033,573 683,678 349,895 50,891 92, 767 71.236 -24, 42,956 2,633 -9,304 171,851 29,795 -10,043 34,758 22,200 4,052 18,148 118,522 1,334 -2, 161 3,495 11,462 1,454 2,228 8,506 402 141 -1,269 Per cent. 30.7 32.8' -3.» i.& 4.4 11.8 -11.& -16.3 -11.1 16.7 20.1 14.3 18.2 35.1 26.5 66.0 L3 12.7 8.0 175.4 93.9 213. ft 177.5 170.4 177.2 107. 162. S 139.2 240.1 338.6 59.2 -30.4 173.3 129.6 -78.2 13.0 2.5 -2.5 4.4 87.3 36.6 126.4 114.6 15.5 —55.5 73. g 36.0 57.3 32.7 87.1 20.0 5.5 -15.5 1 A minus sign (—) denotes decrease. 2 Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. ' Included under "Country not specified" in 1900. < Figures tor Turkey in Asia included with those for Turkey in Europe in 1900 6 Includes 20,324 persons reported as born in Poland, without specification as to whether German, Austrian, or Russian Poland. « Outside of the United States. ' Newfoundland included with Canada for 1900. ' Except Porto Rico. COUNTRY OF ORIGIN. FOREIGN-BORN POPULATION, BT PRINCIPAL COUNTRIES OF BIRTH: 1910 AND 1900. TOTAL FOREIGN BORN, 1910; 13,615,886 TOTAL FOREIGN BORN, 1900: 10,341,276 189 An important change has come about in recent years "with respect to the countries from which our immi- grants are chiefly drawn. Of course, this change is shown less obviously by the statistics of the foreign- born population as enumerated at the several decen- nial censuses than by the immigration statistics, since survivors of earlier immigration are still numerous. .Nevertheless, a conspicuous change is shown by a com- parison of the census returns for 1910 and those for 1900, as appears from Table 1 and the three diagrams on this page. While the proportion of Europeans in the total foreign-born population was about the same at both censuses (85.8 per cent in 1900 and 87.2 per cent in 1910), persons from northwestern Europe con- stituted 67.8 per cent of the total number of foreign born in 1900, but only 49.9 per cent in 1910. On the other hand, southern and eastern Europeans formed only 17.7 per cent of the total in 1900, as compared with 37.4 per cent 10 years later. Persons born in each individual country of northwestern Europe except Belgium formed a smaller proportion of the foreign born in 1910 than in 1900, while persons born in each country of southern and eastern Europe formed a larger proportion. The factors in this change in the composition of the foreign-born population can readily be seen by com- paring the increases from 1900 to 1910 in the number of persons born in the respective countries. The increase in the total number of foreign bom was 3,174,610. The increase in the number of southern and eastern Europeans was 3,215,689, or more than the increase in the total, while there was a decrease of 275,911 in the number of persons reported as born in northwestern Europe. This decrease, however, was wholly in the number from Germany, Ireland, and Wales, which fell off, respectively, 11.1, 16.3, and 11.9 per cent. The other countries of northwestern Europe were represented by larger numbers in the foreign-bom population of the United States in 1910 than in 1900, the percentages of increase ranging from 4.4 for Eng- land to 66 for Belgium. The percentages of increase for all of the countries of southern and eastern Europe were large — for example, 1,089.5 per cent for Greece, 177.5 per cent for Italy, 170.4 per cent for Russia and Finland, and 162.3 per cent for Austria-Hungary. FOREIGN-BORN POPULATION, BY PRINCIPAL COUN- TRIES OP BIRTH: 1910 AND 1900. GERMANY leio 1900 1910 leoo 1910 ^m mm ^m\ gg^ RUSSIA AND FINLAND ^^^ AUSTRIA- HUNGARY 1900 IRELAND 1910 1900 i 1910 ITALY 1900 mSiii NORWAY, SWEDEN, 1910 I90O 1910 1900 1910 1900 HBPH^HI AND DENMARK 1 ENGLAND, SCOTLAND AND WALES CANADA AND NEWFOUNDLAND The number of persons of Asiatic birth in the popu- lation of the United States increased very considerably from 1900 to 1910, the marked decrease in the number 190 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. of persons reported as born in China beiag offset by- increases in the number from Japan and Turkey in Asia. The increase in the number of persons born in American countries outside of the United States was 13 per cent, by far the larger part of the increase being contributed by Mexico. Considering only individual countries, and not the groups of countries shown in Table 1, the following were, in order of rank, the ten leading countries with respect to the numbers contributed to the foreign-born population of the United States as reported in 1910 and 1900, respectively: 1910 GermEmy. Russia. Ireland. Italy. Canada. Austria. England. Sweden. Hungary. Norway. 1900 Germany. Ireland. Canada. England. Sweden. Russia. Austria. Italy. Norway. Scotland. Comparative statistics: 1860 to 1910. — Table 2 shows the number of foreign born, by country of birth, for each census from 1860 to 1910, the countries being- arranged alphabetically. This table emphasizes even more strikingly thaa Table 1 the change which has taken place in the com- position of the foreign-bom population of the United. States. Thus persons bom in Germany constituted. 30.5 per cent of the total number of foreign born ia 1860, but only 18.5 per cent in 1910. The correspond- ing percentages for Ireland were 38.5 and 10; for Eng- land, Scotland, and Wales combined, 14.1 and 9. On the other hand, persons born in Italy constituted only 0.3 per cent of the total in 1860, as compared with 9.9 per cent in 1910, while the percentages for Russia (including Finland) at the respective censuses were- 0.1 and 12.8, and for Austria, 0.6. and 8.7. Fewer persons were reported as born in Ireland at the census of 1910 than at any census from 1860 to- 1900. The number from Wales was less^in 1910 than. in 1880, 1890, or 1900. The natives of Germany and England were less numerous in 1910 than in 1890. FOREIGN-BORN POPULATION, BY COUNTRY OP BIRTH: 1860-1910. Table S COUNTKT OF BIKTH. All foreigrn conntries Austria! Belgium Canada — Frencli 2 Canada— other ' China . Cuba and other West Indie.s Denmark England Prance Germany 1 Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Japan Mexico Netherlands (Holland) Norway Portugal .' Kussia 1 and Finland Scotland Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey in Asia Turkey in Europe Wales All other counti'ies > rOEEIGN-BOBN POPULATION. 1910 13,615,886 1,174,973 49,400 385,083 819,554 56,756 3 47,635 181,649 877,719 117,418 2,501,333 101,282 495,609 1,362,251 1,343,125 67,744 221,915 120,063 403,877 59,360 1,732,462 261,076 22,108 665,207 124,848 59,729 32,230 82,488 158,992 1900 10,341,276 491,295 29,757 395,126 784,796 81,534 3 25,435 153, 690 840,513 104,197 2,813,628 8,515 145,714 1,615,459 484,027 24,788 103,393 94,931 336,388 30,608 640,743 233,524 7,050 582,014 115,593 9,910 93,686 95,062 1890 9,249,560 241,377 22,639 302,496 678,442 106,701 23,256 132,543 909,092 113, 174 2,784,894 1,887 62,435 1,871,509 182, 680 2,292 77,863 81,828 322,665 16,996 182,644 242,231 6,185 478,041 104,069 1,839 100,079 200,813 1880 6, 679, 943 124,024 15,635 717,167 104,468 16,401 64,196 664,160 106,971 1,960,742 776 11,526 1,854,571 44,230 401 58,090 181,729 8,138 36,722 170, 136 5,121 194,337 88,621 1,206 83,302 1870 6, 667, 229 70,797 12,563 493,464 63,042 11,670 30,107 555,046 116,402 1,690,633 390 3,737 1,855,827 17,157 73 42,435 46,802 114,246 4,542 4,644 140,836 3,764 97,332 75,153 302 74,633 41,943 1860 26,061 9,072 249,970 35,665 7,353 9,962 433,494 109,870 1,276,075 1,611,304 11,677 27,466 28,281 43,996 4,116 3,160 108,518 4,244 18,626 53,327 128 46,763 70,704 PEE CENT OF TOTAL FOREIGN BOEN. 1910 1900 1890 1880 1870 1860 8.7 0.4 2.8 6.1 0.4 0.4 1.3 6.5 0.9 18.5 0.7 3.7 10.0 9.9 0.5 1.6 0.9 3.0 0.4 12.8 1.9 0.2 4.9 0.9 0.4 0.2 0.6 1.2 4.8 0.3 3.8 7.6 0.8 0.2 1.5 8.1 1.0 27.2 0.1 1.4 15.6 4.7 0.2 1.0 0.9 3.3 0.3 6.2 2.3 0.1 6.6 1.1 0.1 0.9 0.9 2.6 0.2 3.3 7.3 1.2 0.3 1.4 9.8 1.2 30.1 (') 0.7 20.2 2.0 « 0.8 0.9 3.5 0.2 2.0 2.6 0.1 5.2 1.1 W 1.1 2.2 100.0 1.9 0.2 10.7 1.6 0.2 1.0 9.9 1.6 29.4 (<) 0.2 27.8 0.7 (') 1.0 0.9 2.7 0.1 0.5 2.5 0.1 2.9 1.3 1.2 1.4 100.0 1.3 0.2 8.9 1.1 0.2 0.5 10.0 2.1 30.4 (*) 0.1 33.3 0.3 (*) 0.8 0.8 2.1 0.1 0.1 2.5 0.1 1.7 1.3 W 1.3 0.8 100.01 0.6. O.S 6.0> O.S 0.2 0.2: 10.4 2.6. 30.5. (0 38. S. 0.3; o.r o.r 1.1 0.1 o.t 2.6. 0.1 O.i 1.3; (0 l.I i.r 1 For the censuses from 1860 to 1890, inclusive, persons reported as born in Poland are included under "AU other countries ;" for the censuses of 1910 and 1900 (so f as possible), they are distributed under Austria, Germany, and Russia, respectively. 2 Includes Newfoundland prior to 1910. 3 Except Porto Rico. « Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. Immigration in relation to the foreign-born popu- lation. — The statistics of the foreign born presented above make no distinction as to length of residence in the United States; they include those who have been in this country 50 years or more, as well as immi- grants who arrived during the first three months of 1910, just before the census was taken. The increase of 3,174,610 in the number of foreign born from 1900 to 1910 does not represent, of course, the number of immigrants who came to the United States during- those 10 years. The foreign born are constantly being; drawn upon by return migration and death, and immigration must make up for these losses before there can be any increase in the total number. The. immigration statistics for the several decades, how- ever, go far to explain the changes from census ta census in the composition of the foreign-bom popula- tion. A remarkable decrease in the proportion of COUNTRY OF ORIGIN. 191 immigrants from northwestern Europe and a striking increase in the proportion from southern and eastern Europe form conspicuous features of immigration statistics for the past decade, as compared with those for earlier decades. For the 10 years between the taking of the censuses of 1900 and 1910 the total immigration was about 8,500,000.' Of this total, about 6,100,000, or 72 per cent, were from southern and eastern Europe, and about 1,800,000, or 21 per cent, from northwestern Europe — the latter being less than one-third the number from the southern and eastern countries. While there was an immigration of about 8,500,000 between 1900 and 1910, the census shows only 5,088,- 084 persons in the United States in 1910 who had arrived after January 1, 1901, which would justify an estimate of 5,250,000 as the total number of persons enumerated in 1910 (April 15) who had arrived since the preceding census. The difference between the latter and the total immigration, about 3,250,000, represents in large part immigrants who returned to their own country, and, to a small extent, those who died between their arrival and the date of the enumera- tion. The estimate of 5,250,000 represents the con- tribution to our population of the immigration of the last 10 years. As already stated, the increase ia the foreign-bom population between the two censuses was only 3,174,610. The difference of more than two mil- lions may be assumed to be the approximate number of deaths between 1900 and 1910 of the foreign-bom who were enumerated in 1900. It may be assumed that these deaths were much more numerous among persons born in northwestern Europe than among those born in southern and eastern Europe, because the for- mer were a much larger class and at the same time, having been here much longer, were more advanced in years, and therefore subject to a higher death rate. As a result of these combined influences there has been a decrease in the foreign-born population from north- western Europe, as compared with a great increase in that derived from southern and eastern Europe. Foreign-born population, by sex. — Table 3 shows, by sex, the foreign-bom population of the United States in 1910, classified according to country of birth. Table 3 COmjTKY OF BIETH. All toielgn countries Austria Belgium Bulgaria, Servia, and Montenegro Canada, total French Other China Cuba and other West Indies ' Deumart England Finland France Germany Greece Hungary FOEEIGN-BORN POPULATION: 1910 Hale. 7,667,748 713,455 29,895 19,730 605,956 201,164 404,792 54,968 26,764 109, 120 477,320 79,098 65,285 1,337,775 93,447 305,643 Female. 6,848,138 461,518 19,505 1,781 598,681 183,919 414,762 1,788 20,871 72,529 400,399 60,582 3,074.3 128.2 150.« 119.2 166.4 52,133 1,163,568 7,835 190,066 125.2 115.0 1,192.7 160.8 Males to 100 females. 131.1 154.6 163.3 1,107.8 101.2 109.4 97.6 COUNTET OF BIETH. Ireland Italy Japan Mexico Netherlands (Holland) Norway Portugal Roumania Eussia Scotland Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey in Asia Turkey in Europe Wales All other countries FOEEIGN-BOEN POPULATION: 1910 Male. 611,566 880,904 60,768 136,677 68,363 230,156 36,815 36,621 927,219 144,669 16,785 369,953 72, 726 40,467 28,524 46,397 42,912 Female. 740,696 462,221 6,986 85,238 51,700 173,721 23,646 29,402 676,663 116,417 5,323 296,264 52,122 19,262 3,706 37,091 28,646 Males to 100 females.. 82.6 190.6 869.7 160.3 132.2 132.5 152.1 124.2 137.3 124.3 315.3 126.3 139.5 210.1 769.7 122.4 149.8 1 Except Porto Kico. In the foreign-bom population of the United States as a whole, males greatly outnumber females, the ratio in 1910 being 131.1 males to 100 females. Ireland ia the only country shown m the table which has con- tributed a larger number of females than of males to the population of this country, although persons born in Canada of. other than French descent showed a slight excess of females over males in 1910, which was more than offset by the excess of males over females among those born in Canada of French descent. Among persons born in Bulgaria, Servia, or Montenegro, in Chmaj Greece, Japan, and m Turkey in Europe who resided in the United States in 1910 the males were many times as numerous as the females, and among persons born in Spain and in 1 Since the census of 1900 was taken as of June 1 and that of 1910 as of April 15 there have been added to the immigration figures for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1901, those for the month of June, 1900' and from the figures for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1910, aiere have been subtracted those for April, May, and June, 1910. Turkey in Asia the males were more than twice as numerous as the females. In the case of persons from all the countries of southern and eastern Europe from which recent immigration has largely been drawn there was a very marked excess of males. The num- ber of males to 100 females in 1910 was 154.6 for persons bom in Austria, 160.8 for persons bom in Hungary, 190.6 for persons bom in Italy, and 137.3 for persons bom in Russia. There is much less disparity between the sexes in the case of the foreign bom from the leading countries of northwestern Europe. These differences accord with the well-known fact that the immigrants of the earlier days, who came mainly from northwestern Europe, came to a large extent in fami- Ues and settled permanently in this country, while much of the immigration from southern and eastern Europe consists of single men and of married men who have come only for a temporary stay and have left their families in their home countries. 192 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. Population from Germany, Austria, Hungary, and Russia, by mother tongue. — For reasons stated in the Introduction, statistics of mother tongue are pre- sented in detail for persons born in Germany, Austria, Hungary, and Eussia. Table 4 shows, for the United States as a whole and its geographic divisions, the number of white persons born in each of the four countries just named who were enumerated in 1910, distinguished according to mother tongue. The only other statistics of mother tongue presented in this chapter relate to persons of Canadian birth, distinction being made, however, only between those speaking French and all others, the latter consisting almost wholly of persons speaking English. This distinction is carried through aU the tables giving country of birth. The great bulk of the foreign-bom whites from Grer- many speak Grerman (90.4 per cent of the total enumer- ated in 1910), but there are also a considerable number speaking Polish. Among the foreign-bom whites who were bom in Austria the most important group con- sists of those speaking Polish, who constituted 28 per cent of the total in 1910, followed by those speaking Bohemian, German, Yiddish and Hebrew, and Slove- nian, in the order named. Of the persons reported as born in Hungary, 46 per cent gave their mother tongue as Magyar, 21.8 per cent as Slovak, and 14.8 per cent as German, 17.5 per cent reporting other languages. Of the white persons born in Russia, more than one- half (52.3 per cent) gave their mother tongue as Yid- dish (including those reporting Hebrew), which is the prevailing language of the Jews throughout a large part of Europe, while more than a quarter (26.1 per cent) reported Polish as the mother tongue. There were also a considerable number who reported Lithuanian and German, while the number who gave Russian as their mother tongue was comparatively small, only 2.5 per cent of the total. Previous censuses distinguished persons born in Po- land, although Poland is not an independent nation, having been partitioned among Russia, Germany, and Austria. The total number of persons reported at the census of 1900 as born in Poland was 383,407.' At the census of 1910 Poland was not distinguished as a country of birth, but the approximate number of persons bom in the former kingdom of Poland may be determined from the total number reported as speaking the Polish language who were natives of Germany, Austria, or Russia. Such persons num- bered 937,884, of whom 190,096 were reported as born in Germany, 329,418 as bom in Austria, and 418,370 as born in Russia. A few of these were doubt- less born outside the territorial limits of the former ' This figure may be an understatement, because of the possi- bility that some of the persons bom in the former kingdom of Poland gave their birthplace as Germany, Austria, or Russia. kingdom of Poland. The returns for 1900 distinguish Russian, German, and Austrian Poland ; and, on the basis of this distinction, persons reported as bom in Poland have been distributed under Russia, Ger- many, and Austria, respectively, in the comparative tables, but for earlier censuses they have been in- cluded under "all other countries." Foreign white stock, by country of origin. — ^The total foreign white stock in the United States in 1910 numbered 32,243,382, of whom 13,345,545, or 41.4 per cent, were foreign bom, 12,916,311, or 40.1 per cent, were native whites of foreign parentage, and 5,981,526, or 18.6 per cent, were na^tive whites of mixed parentage. The distribution of this foreign white stock by country of origin is shown in Table 5, on page 194, which distinguishes between the three classes of persons just named, and gives comparative figures for 1900 so far as available. The relative im- portance of the leading countries of origin is shown for 1910 in the diagram below. Table 5, page 194, shows, for example, that in 1910 there were 8,282,618 white persons in the United States haAong Germany as their country of origin, comprising 2,501,181 who were born in Germany, 3,911,847 bom in the United States both of whose parents were born in Germany, and 1,869,590 born in the United States and having one parent born in the United States and the other in Germany. It will be noted that this total does not include all native white persons who had one parent born in Germany. In the case of some native whites one parent was born in Germany and the other in some other foreign country; these are included under the designation "persons of mixed foreign parentage," and not with those having Germany as their country of origin. i'OREIGN WHITE STOCK, BY PRINCIPAL COUNTRIES OF ORIGIN: 1910. SWEDEN ~ ~ "4"^°-- -^^?>\ HUNQABY _ J2.2 ^.^V ^ \ ' * \ '^-Vo COUNTRY OF ORIGIN. 193 WHITE PERSONS BORN IN GERMANY, AUSTRIA, HUNGARY, AND RUSSIA, CLASSIFIED BY MOTHER TONGUE, BY DIVISIONS: 1910. Table 4 COUNTRY OF BIBTH AND MOTHER TONOUE. UNITED STATES. Germany..*. German Polish Yiddish and Hebrew. Dutcli and Frisian Bohemian and Moravian. Danish French Lithuanian and Lettish . . Slavic (not specified)!. Magyar Buasian All other Austria. Polish Bohemian and Moravian . Gennan Yiddish and Hebrew Slovenian... Croatian Slovak Euthenian. Kussian Servian Slavic (not specified) i. ItaUan Roumanian Lithuanian and Lettish . Greek All other Hungary. Magyar Slovak German Yiddish and Hebrew.. Roumanian Croatian Slovenian Slavic (not specified) ' . Servian Euthenian Polish Bohemian and Moravian. Russian Bulgarian All other Russia > . Yiddish and Hebrew.... Polish •■• Lithuanian and lysttish. German Eussian Finnish Euthenian Slovak Slavic (not specified) ' Greek Number. Armenian Bohemian and Moravian. Swedish Another 2,501,181 2,260,256 190,096 7,910 6,610 6,263 S,232 3,131 1,486 S64 552 18,433 1,174,924 Per cent. 100.0 329,418 219,214 157,917 124,588 117,740 3 68,602 55,766 n7,169 13,781 6 11,093 11,196 8 10,774 3,399 1,399 839 31,429 495,000 227,742 107,954 73,338 19,896 15,679 '9,050 5,610 6,837 5,018 8 4,465 2,637 1,755 1,400 1,352 12,967 1, 603, 752 838,193 418,370 137,046 121,638 40,543 10 5, 885 113,402 1,709 1,658 1,230 945 898 592 30, 664 90.4 7.6 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 m h 0.7 100.0 28.0 18.7 13.4 10.6 10.0 5.8 4.7 1.5 1.2 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.3 0,1 0.1 2.7 100.0 46.0 21.8 14.8 4.0 3.2 1.8 1.1 1.4 1.0 0.9 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.3 2.6 100.0 GEOOBAPHIC DIVISION. New England. 70,261 52.3 26.1 8.6 7.6 2.5 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 P) 1 9 65,798 2,548 805 73 126 231 166 119 6 13 20 366 69,583 Middle Atlantic. 754,939 49,615 2,927 5,513 3,179 2,595 313 2,507 823 14 196 478 12 644 18,907 10,458 4,339 783 351 57 146 241 45 24 60 66 19 47 136 145 192,697 97,292 55,628 29,105 3,578 3,348 1,031 333 97 57 104 167 41 191 1 725 693,972 47,609 4,215 1,010 827 660 1,170 448 180 190 211 4,567 553,646 157, 133 34,071 72,027 113,961 52,775 27,081 39,855 14,062 11,382 2,724 8,271 1,426 933 723 13,534 267,949 East North Central. West North Central. 921,417 790,608 115,358 1,740 3,075 2,933 1,233 835 257 255 156 4,499 317,462 123,411 66,420 31,073 16,842 2,909 2,261 3,202 4,870 1,592 3,871 1,971 611 1,038 442 7,436 893,498 560,549 218,894 57,501 14,116 24,581 776 1,908 1,239 1,148 663 165 11,581 1 Reported variously, as Slavish, Slavic, Slavonian, and Slavonic; Includes, also, a small number of Wendish. a Less than one-tenth ot 1 per cent, s Includes 4,307 reporting Dalmatian. : \^^ I?i Jl^S^IS|lilKrr"erortmg Herzegovinian, and 75reporting Montenegrin. 72497°— 13 13* 96,306 96,939 38,262 5,241 33,504 20,933 9,037 1,381 703 4,474 1,764 2,380 1,443 239 19 4,777 162,269 426, 531 400,503 15,518 365 1,710 1,416 1,803 362 210 82 47 72 4,383 116,281 75, 730 31,500 27,859 2,265 10,342 4,560 1,424 1,743 2,263 460 463 743 238 270 2,419 274,993 100, 782 105,908 41,267 15,063 5,307 1,817 566 222 249 144 12,459 66,288 19,298 694 9,182 8,948 1,410 790 697 1,867 176 358 312 62 56 4,784 24,271 South Atlantic. 63,239 56,645 4,403 306 132 222 36 45 79 23 11 1,330 20,272 6,149 2,352 9,900 211 1,603 1,311 287 67 593 46 227 50 159 1,228 118,682 5,360 5,000 2,935 488 2,252 1,243 1,071 181 138 70 84 64 11 1,302 10, 599 East South Central. 28, 516 27,475 318 4 21 488 2,989 474 338 1,037 183 345 82 71 West South Central. 69,737 66,191 2,539 91 78 370 55 120 65 116 9 12 1,091 27,318 12,857 3,276 61,454 2,712 340 20 47 126 85 87 140 489 97 30 3,316 5,608 6,231 1,611 1,029 74 352 227 56 79 144 27 27 '44 4 58 636 49,141 24,498 14,646 3,609 1,254 1,788 66 71 93 67 45 14 55 4 3,041 1,742 244 379 24 156 7 11 18 57 3 5 2 23 132 2,099 17,275 4,226 252 1,091 485 130 6 63 11 19 201 3 1,425 1,956 Moun- tain. 42,897 40,870 689 64 128 125 199 72 41 33 4 14 758 38,325 3,067 3,446 4,979 173 7,460 5,027 964 28 25 1,216 619 2,933 54 6 6 2,432 4,298 817 358 249 12 27 55 46 4,602 1,118 344 10 15 7 24 23 4 28 8 1,006 7 46 4 37 280 14,108 4,023 2,673 633 4,976 363 28 26 3 18 20 15 36 Pacific. 1,620 642 654 45 96 441 126 9 224 79 318 18,692 4,807 1,987 424 9,011 658 401 35 15 17 15 81 4 6 1,231 123,644 119,134 1,216 250 261 222 1,106 311 45 16 19 35 1,023 35,148 2,865 3,930 9,640 417 8,536 4,490 721 44 47 1,311 158 725 80 44 8 2,142 5,621 2,644 488 1,412 72 138 52 118 6 112 3 9 35 11 148 373 32,889 10,760 4,659 1,233 11,321 1,541 1,050 108 13 31 90 203 17 88 1,775 ' Includes 7 reporting Romansh. ' Includes 16 reporting Dalmatian. » Includes 14 rebortfag Little Russian. » Exclusive of Finland. i» Includes 138 reporting Esthonian and 9 reporting Lappish. " Includes 975 reporting Little Russian. 194 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. FOREIGN WHITE STOCK, BY COUNTRY OF ORIGIN: 1910. Table 5 COUNTEY OF OKIGIN. All f oieigu countiiss Austria Belgium Bulgaria, Servia, and Montenegro. Canada — French 3 Canada— Other 3 Denmark England ITrance Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Mexico Netherlands (Holland) Norway Portugal Roumania Russia and Finland Scotland Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey in Asia Turkey In Europe Wales All other countries Of mixed foreign parentage < TOTAL POEEIGN WHITE STOCK. Number. Per cent. 1910 32,243,382 2,001,559 89,264 22,685 932,238 1,822,377 400,064 2,322,442 292,389 8,282,618 109,065 700,227 4,504,360 2,098,360 382,002 293,674 979,099 lU, 122 87, 721 2,752,675 33, 134 1,364,215 301,650 78,631 35,314 248, 947 K0,295 1,177,092 1900 1910 25,859,834 100.0 850,884 830,335 1,637,603 6.2 0.3 0.1 2.9 5.7 310,127 2, 173, 741 268,292 7,961,315 1.2 7.2 0.9 26.7 0.3 218,447 4,820,904 721, SU 2.2 14.0 6.5 1.2 0.9 788,768 903,436 694,297 3.0 0.3 0.3 8.5 2.0 1,032,388 257,426 0.1 4.2 0.9 0.2 0.1 233,045 1,118,841 1,056,152 0.8 0.6 3.7 Per cent ofifl- crease;! 1900- 1910 100.0 3.3 3.2 6.3 1.2 8.4 1.0 30. 24.7 136.2 12.3 11.3 29.0 6. 9.0 4.0 0.8 18.7 2.8 220.6 -6.7 188.3 3.0 24.1 • 3.5 2.3 204.7 11.0 4.2 1.0 26.0 17.2 1.0 4.3 4.1 -1.6 ■■■ii."5 FOREIQN-BOEN WHITE. 1910 13,345,645 1,174,924 49,397 21,451 385,083 810,987 181,621 876,465 117,236 2,601,181 101,264 495,600 1,352,156 1,343,070 219,802 120,053 403,858 57,623 65,920 1,732,421 261,034 21,977 665, 183 124,834 69,702 32,221 82,479 88,014 1900 10,213,817 93,560 95, 459 NATIVE WHITE OP POEEIGN OE MIXED PAEEKTAGE. Total. 1910 18,897,837 491,259 29,755 394,461 778,399 826,635 39,867 1,234 547,155 1,011,390 163,644 839,830 104,031 2,813,413 8,613 218,443 1,445,987 175, 163 5,781,437 8,401 146,709 1,616,232 483,963 101,908 94,922 204,627 3,162,205 765,290 162,200 173,521 336,379 29,766 15,032 640,710 233,473 575,241 63,499 21,801 1,020,264 398,629 6,936 681,986 116,581 11,157 699,0.32 176,816 18,929 3,093 166,468 72,281 1, 177, 092 1900 15,646,017 359,625 (') (') 435,874 859,204 156,483 1,333,911 164,261 5,147,902 72,738 3,211,672 243,881 [=] 452,379 262,725 360,824 («) 600,402 141,845 159,486 726, 654 1,056,152 Both parents bom In country specified. 1910 12,916,311 709,070 26,448 948 330,976 307,291 147,648 592,285 78, 937 3,911,847 6,524 191,069 2, 141, 577 695, 187 107,866 116,331 410,951 41,680 20,707 949,316 176,391 4,387 546,788 90,669 17, 480 2,560 84,934 31,362 1,177,092 1900 10,632,280 302,029 265,947 260,471 116, 173 565, 461 71,263 3,669,638 m 66, 713 2,244,241 218,750 [^] 349,220 247,581 163,991 m 414,772 74,961 8 559, 128 1,056,152 One parent born in country specifleu, the other in the United States. 1910 5,981,626 117,565 13,419 286 216, 179 704,099 70,795 853, 702 96,216 1,869,690 2,877 13,668 1,010,628 60,103 64,334 57, 190 164, 290 11,819 1,094 70,938 223,238 6,770 162,244 86, 147 1,449 633 81,634 40, 919 1900 5,013,7-7 8' 169,927 698,733 41,310 768,450 92,998 1,578,364 6,026 967,431 25,131 (^) (') 103, 169 m 16,144 196,833 85,630 66,894 m 72, 68'j 167, 528 1 A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease. ' Data for 1900 not available; included with "All other countries." ' Includes Newfoundland for 1900. 5 Native whites whose parents were born in different foreign countries; for example, one parent in Ireland and the other in Scotland. FOREIGN WHITE STOCK, BY PRINCIPAL COUNTRIES OP ORIGIN: 1910. MILLIONS GERMANY IRELAND CANADA RUSSIA A:n FINLAND ENGLAND ITALY AUSTRIA SWEDEN NORWAY HUNGARY SCOTLAND DENMARK WALES y//////\ aORH m SPECIFIED COUNTRY NATIVe-BOTM PAREMT8 BORN IN SPECmED COUNTRY NATIVE. ONE PARENT BORN ll< BPEOIFIEO COUNTRY OTHER IH UNITED 8TATE3 COUNTRY OF ORIGIN. 195 Of the total white population of foreign stock in 1910, Germany was the country of origin of 8,282,618, or 25.7 per cent; Ireland of 4,504,360, or 14 per cent; Canada of 8.5 per cent; Kussia and Finland of 8.5 per cent; England of 7.2 per cent; Italy of 6.5 per cent; and Austria of 6.2 per cent. These seven countries thus account for over three-fourths of the total. Extraordinary differences appear with respect to the rapidity of increase in the foreign white stock derived from the respective countries. Persons having Ireland and Wales as their countries of origin actually decreased in number from 1900 to 1910. All the other countries for which comparative statistics are presented in the table show an increase in their con- tributions to the foreign white stock of the United States, the rates of increase ranging from 4 per cent in the case of Germany to 188.3 per cent in the case of Italy, 204.7 per cent in the case of Russia and Fin- land, and 220.5 per cent in the case of Hungary. Significant comparisons may be made between the columns in Table 5 showing the number of persons born in a given country and the columns showing the native whites of foreign parentage and the native whites of mixed parentage who had the same country of origin. The differences among the several countries of origin with respect to the relative magnitude of the figures in the three columns are largely due to differ- ences in the dates at which the greatest immigration from those countries occurred. For example, the great bulk of immigration from Germany took place a considerable time ago, and it is but natural that in the population in 1910 the number of persons born in the United States both of whose parents were born in Ger- many should be greater than the number of persons who were themselves born in Germany. On the other hand, most of th-e immigration from Italy has taken place in recent years, and the number of natives of Italy was much greater than the number of persons born in the United States of ItaUan patents or than the combined number of such persons and those with one American and one Italian parent. In the case of only four of the countries listed did the native whites both of whose parents were born in the specified country outnumber the persons who were themselves born there. These four countries are Germany, Ireland, Norway, and Wales. In sev- eral other cases, however, the combined number of native whites of foreign parentage and native whites of mixed foreign and native parentage having a given country of origin exceeded the number of persons themselves bom in that country. This is true of Canada, Denmark, England, France, the Netherlands, Scotland, Sweden, and Switzerland. In the case of all the other countries listed (namely, Austria, Belgium, the combined countries of Bulgaria, Servia, and Montenegro, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Mexico, Portugal, Roumania, Russia and Finland, Spain, Turkey in Asia, and Turkey in Europe) the persons themselves born abroad exceeded the natives of foreign and mixed parentage combined. The statistics in Table 5 regarding the country of origin of the native whites of mixed parentage are significant, as indicating indirectly the relative extent of intermarriage between persons born in the several foreign countries and native Americans. There are no census data available showing directly the number of such intermarriages, but the last two columns in Table 5 show the number of surviving children of such intermarriages. In 1910 the total of this class was 5,981,526. Native whites of mixed foreign and native parentage whose foreign parent was bom in Germany numbered 1,869,590; those with the foreign parent bom in Ireland, 1,010,628; in Canada, 920,278; and in England, 853,702. These four groups aggregated 4,654,198, or nearly four-fifths of the total native whites of mixed parentage. It may be noted further, by comparing the number of native whites both of whose parents were foreign born with the number having one parent foreign bom and the other native, that the latter are more numer- ous than the f onner in the case of five of the countries of origin listed, namely, Canada, England, Scotland, France, and Spain. The diagram on the opposite page shows the total number of persons of foreign white stock in 1910 for each of the principal countries of origin, distinguishing in each case the foreign-born whites, the native whites of foreign parentage, and the native whites of mixed parentage. DIVISIONS AND STATES. Total foreign born, by divisions. — Table 14, on pages 204 to 207, shows, by geographic divisions, the number of the foreign bom of all races combined, distributed according to country of birth, at each census from 1890 to 1910. The table also presents corre- sponding data by states for 1910 and 1900. Table 6 distributes, by percentages, the foreign-bom population of each geographic division at the last two censuses according to country of birth. ^ ' A subsequent table (Table 9), which deals with the foreign white stock, distinguishing the foreign-born whites from the native whites of foreign or mixed parentage, furnishes an even more .con- venient basis for noting the relative importance of the leading countries of birth in contributing to the foreign-bom white popula- tion of the several geographic divisions. Although it relates only to the whites, in the case of most geographic divisions the per- centages are almost the same as those based upon the total foreign born of all races. 196 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. PER CENT DISTRIBUTION OF THE EOREIGN-BORN POPULATION BY COUNTRY OP BIRTH, BY DIVISIONS: 191G. Table 6 PER CENT OF TOTAL POEEIGN-BORN POPULATION. COUNTRY OP BIETH. United States. New England. Middle Atlantic. East North Central. West North Central. South Atlantic. East South Central. West South Central. Mountain. Pacific. 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 All foreign countries 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 8.7 0.4 8.9 2.8 6.1 0.4 0.4 1.3 6.5 1.0 0.9 18.5 0.7 3.7 10.0 9.9 0.5 1.6 0.9 3.0 0.4 11.9 1.9 0.2 4.9 0.9 0.7 0.6 1.2 4.8 0.3 11.4 3.8 7.6 0.8 0.2 1.5 8.1 0.6 1.0 27.2 0.1 1.4 16.6 4.7 0.2 1.0 0.9 3.3 0.3 6.6 2.3 0.1 6.6 1.1 0.1 0.9 0.9 3.8 0.2 28.8 15.2 13.6 0.1 0.2 0.4 8.6 0.8 0.6 3.9 0.9 0.9 18.3 9.8 f^ 0.1 0.5 1.9 10.6 2.7 0.1 3.9 0.2 1.6 0.2 1.2 1.6 0.1 35.4 19.1 16.3 0.3 0.1 0.4 9.6 0.4 0.5 6.1 0.1 0.6 26.8 4.2 0.1 0.4 1.2 4.4 2.9 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.9 11.4 0.2 3.1 0.6 2.6 0.1 0.4 0.4 6.3 0.3 0.8 16.6 0.3 6.5 12.7 16.2 r^ 0.5 0.7 ^\ 1.8 0.1 1.8 0.6 0.6 0.8 1.3 6.3 0.2 4.2 0.9 3.3 0.3 0.3 0.6 8.9 0.2 1.0 25.6 0.1 3.0 21.9 8.8 E 0.6 m 9.8 2.4 0.1 2.2 0.8 0.1 1.3 1.0 10.3 0.7 8.9 1.5 7.4 0.1 ^^4 6.6 1.4 0.6 30.0 0.6 6.3 5.8 4.8 ^^ 1.9 3.2 1.6 1% 1.1 0.5 0.6 0.8 5.0 0.6 11.3 2.1 9.2 0.1 1.6 6.9 0.9 0.8 40.9 0.1 1.0 9.1 1.7 2.0 3.8 ^Po 1.8 m 6.5 1.3 g?8 0.6 7.2 0.4 6.4 1.1 6.3 0.1 (.') 4.0 4.3 1.8 0.6 26.4 0.9 1.5 4.9 2.4 0.1 0.7 1.3 12.3 m 7.3 1.3 P) 13.2 1.2 0.4 0.6 1.0 6.0 0.3 8.1 1.4 6.7 0.1 i!>9 5.1 0.8 0.7 32.4 <0.'4 7.3 0.7 a 12.1 m 4.3 1.6 m 13.6 1.4 m 0.6 0.6 6.8 0.4 2.9 0.3 2.6 0.4 6.1 0.4 7.6 0.2 0.9 21.1 1.6 3.6 9.2 12.8 t\ 0.2 0.5 0.1 16.4 2.4 1.7 1.0 0.7 1.6 0.7 1.1 3.4 0.1 3.2 0.3 2.9 0.8 6.8 0.4 9.4 0.1 1.1 34.4 0.3 1.0 16.9 4.9 m 0.1 0.2 0.5 0.1 9.6 3.0 0.6 1.0 0.9 0.1 0.8 1.5 3.4 0.2 4.0 0.4 3.6 0.4 0.6 0.6 8.9 0.2 2.1 32.6 1.6 2.0 11.5 9.3 0.3 0.4 0.6 i% 2.8 0.2 1.8 3.1 1.9 0.8 1.4 1.7 0.2 3.7 0.5 3.3 0.4 0.3 0.4 9.6 0.1 2.6 41.7 0.2 0.9 18.0 4.0 (^ 2 0.3 0.6 4.2 3.0 0.2 1.5 3.6 0.2 1.1 1.8 7.8 0.3 2.6 0.3 2.2 0.3 0.3 0.6 4.3 0.1 2.4 19.8 0.5 0.6 3.4 9.0 0.1 36.6 0.3 0.7 0.1 4.0 1.2 0.6 1.8 1.1 0.9 0.3 0.8 7.6 0.3 2.6 0.4 2.2 0.5 0.3 0.6 6.1 0.1 3.5 27.6 0.1 0.4 5.7 8.4 m 26.9 0.2 0.7 0.1 2.8 1.3 0.3 2.1 1.2 0.2 0.3 1.1 7.1 0.2 8.1 1.2 6.9 1.0 0.1 3.8 12.0 2.0 0.9 9.6 2.9 0.9 6.9 7.6 2.3 10.1 0.8 3.3 0.1 4.1 3.3 0.7 7.8 1.5 0.6 1.4 1.8 4.2 0.2 10.7 1.9 8.8 2.5 m 6.1 16.8 1.8 1.0 11.0 0.1 0.4 9.1 4.7 1.7 7.1 0.4 2.8 0.1 1.5 4.2 0.1 9.5 1.9 0.1 2.2 0.8 3.7 0.3 10.1 0.8 9.3 3.8 0.1 2.6 8.0 2.1 2.2 12.9 1.6 0.6 7.1 8.6 5.6 3.6 0.6 4.7 2.4 3.4 2.5 0.6 7.2 2.3 0.7 0.5 2.3 1.8 Belgium 0.3 Other 9.6 China 9.8 ■RnplaTiri 9.5 ■pVfinf'.p 2.6 Greece - 0.1 10.3 ItalT 4.8 Japan ... 3.4 0.4 3.3. 2.3 1.6 2.8 Spadn . 0.2 6.8 Switzerland 2.8 Turkey 0.1 Wales 0.7 2.1 1 Except Porto Rico. For New England the most important countries of birth of the foreign born enumerated in 1910 were, in the order of their rank, Canada, Ireland, and Russia, each of which contributed over 10 per cent of the total, followed by Italy and England. For the Middle Atlantic division they were Russia, Italy, Germany, Ireland, and Austria . For the East North Central divi- sion they were Germany and Austria, each of which contributed over 10 per cent, followed by Canada and Russia, each with 8.9 per cent. For the West North Central division the most important countries of birth were Germany, Sweden, Norway, and Russia. For the Mountaia division the leading positions were occu- pied by England, Mexico, and Germany, and for the Pacific division by Germany, Canada, and Italy. In neither of these two western divisions was any one country of birth represented by as much as one-sixth of the total foreign-bom population. In the three southern divisions the total number of foreign born was comparatively small. Persons born in Germany occupied the leading place ia the South Atlantic and East South Central divisions, and those bom in Mexico in the West South Central division. Marked differences appear among the "natives of diflPerent foreign countries with respect to the sections of the United States to which the greatest numbers have gone. These differences are most clearly brought out by Table 7, which shows, by percentages, the distribution of the persons born in each foreign country according to the geographic divisions in ' Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. which they were living at the census of 1910. For comparison the distribution of the total foreign-bom population and also that of the total population are shown. In view of the very large foreign-born population of the Middle -Atlantic division, it is natural that that division should contain more of the persons from many of the countries specified than any other divi- sion. Of the natives of Austria in the United States in 1910, 47.1 per cent were in the Middle Atlantic division and 27 per cent in the East North Central. Of persons born in Canada, 43.7 per cent were in New England and 22.7 per cent in the East North Central division. Of those from England, 34.9 per cent were in the Middle Atlantic division, 19.4 per cent in the East North Central, and 17.8 per cent in New England ; the distribution of persons born in Scotland was very similar. Of the natives of Germany, 36.8 per cent were in the East North Central division, 30.2 per cent in the Middle Atlantic, and 17.1 per cent in the West North Central. Many of the earlier German immigrants went to the farms of these geo- graphic divisions. Of persons born in Hungary, 54.1 per cent were in the Middle Atlantic division (many of them in the mining regions of Pennsylvania) and 32.7 per cent in the East North Central. Of persons born in Ireland, 45.5 per cent were in the Middle Atlantic division, 24.7 per cent in New England, and 13.3 per cent in the East North Central division. A decided concentration appears in the case of na- COUNTRY OF ORIGIN. 197 tiTes of Italy, no less than 58.4 per cent in 1910 being in the Middle Atlantic division, 13.4 per cent in New England, and 10.9 per cent in the East North Central division. Of persons born in Russia, 55.7 per cent were in the Middle Atlantic division, 17.2 per cent in the East North Central, and 12 per cent in New England. The natives of the Scandinavian countries have largely gone to the fanning regions of the Middle West. Of those born in Norway, 49.2 per cent in 1910 were in the West North Central division and 24.6 per ceht in the East North Central, and of those born in Sweden, 32.1 per cent were in the West North Central and 26.8 per cent in the East North Central. The distribution of those born in Denmark is similar. Of the Eiuropean immigrants, those bom in Portugal show the most un- equal distribution, nearly all of them being found in the New Ei^land and Pacific divisions. The natives of China and Japan have settled chiefly in the Pacific division. DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION BORN IN THE LEADING FOREIGN COUNTRIES, BY DIVISION OF RESIDENCE: 1910. Table 7 PER CENT OF TOTAL NUMBEK OF PEESONS BOEN IN SPECU-'lEE country: 1910 DIVISION. Total Total foreign bora. Austria. Bel- gium. Canada. OUna. Cuba and other West Indies.i Den- mark. Eng- land. Fin- land. France. Ger- many. Greece. Hun- gary. Ire- land. United States 100.0 7.1 21.0 19.8 12.7 13.3 9.1 9.6 2.9 4.6 100. 13.5 35.9 22.7 12.0 2.2 0.6 2.6 3.4 7.1 100.0 5.9 47.1 27.0 9.9 1.7 0.3 2.3 2.8 3.0 100.0 6.6 21.5 46.4 12.4 2.3 0.3 1.9 2.0 6.6 100.0 43.7 12.3 22.7 8 6 0.7 0.3 0.7 3.0 8.0 100.0 4.6 12.1 4.4 1.8 2.2 0.6 1.8 8.3 64.4 100.0 6.5 46.1 2.3 1.3 38.6 1.0 2.3 0.6 2.3 100.0 4.2 11.4 23.6 35.2 0.7 0.3 1.2 9.5 13.9 100.0 17.8 34.9 19.4 7.9 2.6 0.9 1.7 6.2 8.7 100.0 10.9 9.9 33.6 22.8 0.3 0.1 0.2 7.1 16.1 100.0 9.3 33.8 16.2 8.2 2.4 1.6 7.1 3.6 17.8 100.0 2.8 30.2 36.8 17.1 2.6 1.1 2.8 1.7 4.9 100.0 16.6 15.7 17.7 13.8 4.6 1.4 1.7 13.1 15.5 100.0 3.4 64.1 32.7 4.9 2.1 0.4 0.4 0.9 1.1 100.0 24.7 Middle iitlantic 45.5 East North Central 13.3 West North, Central 5.8 South Atlantic 2.0 East South Central 0.7 West South Central 0.9 Mountain 2.0 Pacific 5.0 DIVISION. Italy. Japan. Mexico. Nether- lands (Hol- land). Nor- way. Portu- gal. Russia. Scot- land. Spain. Swe- den. Switz- erland. Turkey. Wales. All other coun- tries. XTnited States 100.0 13.4 68.4 10.9 2.8 2.9 0.6 2.4 2.6 0.1 100.0 0.4 2.3 0.7 1.5 0.2 0) 0.6 15.1 79.2 100.0 0.1 0.4 0.4 4.9 0.1 0.1 58.1 20.6 15.3 100.0 1.8 22.1 49.7 17.5 0.5 0.3 0.8 3.1 4.2 100.0 2.1 8.1 24.6 49.2 0.4 0.1 0.6 3.7 11.2 100.0 67.1 1.7 0.9 0.1 0.3 W 0.3 0.9 3S.fi 100.0 12.0 66.7 17.2 7.4 3.1 0.6 0.9 1.2 2.1 100.0 18.5 34.1 18.7 8.4 2.7 1.0 1.6 5.8 9.3 100.0 5.2 20.9 2.8 3.1 22.5 0.9 7.3 14.3 23.0 100.0 10.6 13.2 26.8 32.1 0.4 0.2 1.0 5.3 10.3 100.0 3.0 25.1 26.6 15.4 1.7 2.2 3.0 5.6 17.6 100.0 29.3 26.6 16.6 7.6 4.8 1.8 3.5 2.8 7.0 100.0 4.6 46.0 22.1 9.5 2.4 0.9 1.1 7.5 6.0 100.0 13.5 Middle Atlantic 38.4 East North Central . . 14.7 9.8 South Atlantic 2.1 0.8 1.8 5.2 13.7 1 Except Porto Rico. ' Table 8 shows, by geographic divisions, the number of foreign-born persons reported at the censuses of 1910 and 1900 classified into three groups: (1) Those bom in northwestern Europe; (2) those bom in southern and eastern Europe; and (3) those bom in all other foreign countries. There are conspicuous differences among the geo- graphic divisions with respect to the proportions which these three groups of countries have contributed to the foreign-bom population. In the New England division, for example, in 1910 only 39.4 per cent of the foreign bom were from northwestern Europe, while 29.3 per cent were from southern and eastern Europe and 31.3 per cent from other countries, mainly Canada. On the other hand, in the West North Central division 70.4 per cent of the foreign bom were from northwestern Europe, 21.9 per cent from south- ern and eastern Europe, and only 7.7 per cent from all other countries. The proportion from southern and eastern Europe was conspicuously liigh in the Middle Atlantic division, 53.4 per cent. The proportion from non-European countries was highest in the West South Central division, where there are considerable 2 Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. numbers of Mexicans in the comparatively small foreign-bom population. Table 8 PERSONS BORN IN—, DIVISION. Northwestern Europe. ' Southern and eastern Europe. All other foreign countries." 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 OTTMBEK. United States New England Middle Atlantic East North Central West North Central.... Sniitb At.lanti'? 6,740,400 719,793 2,053,472 1,794,003 1,137,573 135,047 57,466 127,060 229,239 486,747 49.9 39.4 42.3 58.4 70.4 45.0 65.4 36.1 50.6 50.9 7,016,311 730,461 2, 187,570 1,998,641 1,226,223 148,676 74,406 130,049 193,640 326,845 67.8 50.5 65.9 76.1 80.0 68.8 82.2 48.7 64.1 60.0 5,048,583 534,648 2,688,248 986,303 354,867 131,469 23,642 80,400 122,529 226,487 37.4 29.3 53.4 32.1 21.9 43.8 26.9 22.8 27.0 23.7 1,832,894 184,698 949,340 310,086 173,976 43,152 10,476 53,282 39,612 68,276 17.7 12.8 28.6 11.8 11.3 20.0 11.6 19.9 13.1 12.6 1,726,903 570,669 209,453 293,460 124,265 33,478 6,717 144,732 101,554 242,576 12.8 31.3 4.3 9.6 7.7 11.2 7.6 41.1 22.4 26.4 1,492,071 530,080 180,649 316,599 133,049 24,302 5,687 83,756 68,717 149,232 14,4 36.7 5.4 12.1 8.7 11 2 East South Central West South Central .... Pacific PEK CENT OF TOTAL FOBEIQN BORN. United States New EnglaTiH Middle Atlantic East North Central West North Central.... South Atlantic East South Central West South Central .... MonTitji.iTi 6.3 31.4 '^2 S Pacific 1 Includes a lew persous reported as bom in Europe, country not specified. 198 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. More 'than half of the total number of southern and eastern Europeans in the United States in 1910 resided in the Middle Atlantic division, and more than four-fifths of them were in the Middle Atlantic, New England, and East North Central divisions, taken together. On the other hand, less than one- half of the northwestern Europeans were in the Middle Atlantic division, and the three divisions just named, taken together, contained a little more than two-thirds of the total number. Foreign wkite stock, by divisions. — Table 13, pages 202 and 203, shows, for 1910, by geographic divisions, the total foreign white stock of each country of origin, distinguishing between white persons themselves foreign bom and native whites of foreign or mixed parentage. The principal facts brought out in Table 13 are shown more clearly in Table 9, in which the principal coun- tries of origin of the foreign white stock of each geo- graphic division are arranged in order of importance. Table 9 DIVISION AND COUNTRY OF ORIGIN. New England . Canada Ireland England.. Bu3sia Italy Germany.. Sweden... Austria Scotland. . POTtugal.. Middle Atlantic. Germany.. beland Russia Italy Austria England... Hungary. . Canada Scotland . . Sweden.... East KoTth Central. Germany.. Ireland Canada Austria... England... Bussia Sweden... Norway.. Italy Hungary.. West North Central. Germany.. Norway. . . Sweden. . . Ireland Canada Austria. . . England . . Bussia Denmark . Scotland . . South Atlantic. Germany. . Ireland Bussia England.. Italy FOREIGN WHITE STOCK: 1910 Total. Number. 3,867,095 1,104,384 978,352 320,834 291,618 277,361 176,945 126,471 107,127 97,740 53,721 10,417,491 2,222,900 1,922,099 1,382,493 1,229,462 873,467 752,940 389,738 323,875 211,237 160,268 8,175,654 3,172,097 706,740 679,139 556,627 503,985 424,124 365,310 246,136 226,150 214,885 4,837,934 1,601,182 643,681 491,949 369,020 296,219 256,972 245,227 232,940 150,465 73,652 730,398 226,286 111,597 82,203 64,317 55,206 Per cent. 100.0 28.6 26.3 8.3 7.5 7.2 4.6 3.3 2.8 2.5 1.4 100. 21.3 18.5 13.3 11.8 8.4 7.2 3.7 3.1 2.0 1.5 100.0 6.8 6.2 5.2 4.5 3.0 2.8 2.6 100.0 33.2 11.3 10.2 7.6 6.1 5.3 S.l 4.8 3.1 1.5 100.0 31.0 15.3 11.3 8.8 7.0 Foreign- bom white. Num- ber. 1,814,386 524,015 334,475 155,675 192,697 179,428 70,261 70,774 69,583 48,413 32,453 4,826,179 754,939 615,717 893,498 783,758 553,546 305,826 267,949 146,971 88,975 87,717 3,067,220 921,417 179,257 270,286 317,462 170,131 274,993 178,138 99,190 146,824 162,259 1,613,231 426,631 198,785 213,530 78,607 101,975 116,281 69,027 118,682 63,908 21,814 290, 555 63,239 27,471 49, 141 22,582 38,277 Per cent 2,052,709 28.9 18.4 8.6 10.6 9.9 3.9 3.9 3.8 2.7 1.8 100.0 15.6 12.8 18.5 16.2 11.5 6.3 5.6 3.0 1.8 1.8 100.0 100.0 100.0 21.8 9.5 16.9 7.8 13.2 Native white of foreign or mixed parentage. Num- ber. 580,369 643,877 165,159 98,921 97,933 106,684 55,697 37,544 49,327 21,268 5,691,312 467,961 306,382 488,995 445,704 319,921 447,114 121,789 176,904 122,262 72,551 5,108,434 2,250, 527, 408, 239, 333, 149, 187, 140, 79, 52, 626 3,214,703 1,174,651 344,896 278,419 290,413 194,244 140,091 176,200 114,258 86,557 61,838 439,843 103,046 84,126 33,062 41,735 16,929 Per cent. 100.0 28.3 31.4 8.0 4.8 4.8 5.2 2.7 1.8 2.4 1.0 100.0 26.3 23.4 8.7 8.0 6.7 8.0 2.2 3.2 2.2 1.3 100.0 44.1 IP.3 8.0 4.7 6.6 2.9 3.7 2.9 1.6 1.0 100.0 36.5 10.7 8.7 9.0 6.0 4.4 5.6 3.6 2.7 1.6 37.1 19.1 7.5 PER CENT OF TOTAL FOREIGN WHITE STOCK CONSISTING OF — B.M3 03 « ft 47.4 34.2 48.5 66.1 64.7 39.7 86.0 65.0 49.5 60.4 46.3 34.0 32.0 64.6 63.7 63.4 40.6 68.8 45.4 42.1 54.7 37.6 29.0 25.4 39.8 57.0 33.8 64. 48.8 40.3 64.9 75.5 26. 36.6 43.4 21.3 34.4 45.3 28.1 50.9 42.6 29.6 39. 27.9 24.6 35.1 69.3 93.1 52.6 65.8 61.5 33.9 35.3 60.3 44.0 35.0 60.5 39.6 53.7 66.0 68.0 36.4 36.3 36.6 69.4 31.2 54.6 57.9 45.3 62.5 71.0 74.6 60.2 43.0 66.2 35.2 51.2 59.7 35.1 24.6 73.4 63.4 66.6 78.7 65.6 64.7 71.9 49.1 67.5 70.4 72.1 76.4 40.2 64.9 30.7 DIVISION AND CODNTEY OF ORIGIN. Sonth Atlantic— Con. Austria Scotland Cubaand,otlierW.Indies' Canada Hungary East Sonth Central Germany Ireland England Italy Russia Canada Scotland Switzerland France , Austria West South Central Germany. Mexico Austria Italy Ireland England Bussia France Canada Sweden Mountain England Germany Ireland Canada Moxico Sweden Italy Austria Denmark Bussia Pacific Germany Ireland Canada England Italy Sweden Norway Scotland Bussia Portugal FOREIGN WHITE STOCK: 1910 Total. Number. Per cent. 33,320 21,692 21,475 19,128 14,154 301,834 4.6 3.0 2.9 2.6 1.9 100.0 125,572 51,346 26,230 14,838 14, 118 8,737 8,736 7,872 6,888 5,461 954,048 41.6 17.0 8.7 4.9 4.7 2.9 2.9 2.6 2.3 1.8 100.0 275,451 237,893 67,376 63,646 59,331 63,203 29,799 29,549 26,819 16,498 1,063,831 171,028 134,967 93,697 86,748 78,029 73,329 50,562 49,228 48,377 30,389 1,915,103 347,219 212,178 210, 666 184,678 126,013 120,748 83,305 56,843 53,965 52,369 28.9 24.9 7.1 6.7 6.2 5.6 3.1 3.1 2.7 1.7 100.0 16.2 12.8 8.9 8.2 7.4 7.0 4.8 4.7 4. 2.9 100.0 18.1 11.1 11.0 9.6 6.6 6.3 4.3 3.0 2.8 2.7 Foreign- bom white. Num- ber. Per cent. 20,272 7,143 11,229 8,488 10,699 86,857 7.0 2.5 3.9 2.9 3.6 100.0 28,516 10,123 7,776 8,181 8,152 3,427 2,503 2,748 1,829 2,989 348,769 32.8 11.7 9.0 9.4 9.4 3.9 2.9 3.2 2.1 3.4 100.0 69,737 127,984 27,318 31,686 11,985 15,014 14,108 8,242 8,554 6,460 436,910 64,349 42,897 26,872 36, 172 45,159 35,482 34,432 32,325 17,230 18,592 861,448 123,644 67,048 96, 182 76,076 82,260 68,504 46,168 24,181 32,889 22,775 20.0 36.7 7.8 9.1 3.4 4.3 4.0 2.4 2.5 1.9 100.0 12. 9.8 6.2 8. 10. 8.1 7.9 7.4 3.9 4.3 100.0 Native white of foreign or mixed parentage. Num- ber. Per cent. 13,048 14,549 10,246 10,640 3,655 214,977 3.0 3.3 2.3 2.4 0.8 100.0 97,056 41,223 18,454 6,657 6,966 6,310 6,233 6,124 5,059 2,472 605,283 45.1 19.2 8.6 3.1 2.8 2.5 2.9 2.4 2.4 1.1 100.0 205,714 109,909 40,058 31,959 47,346 38,189 15,691 21,307 17,266 10,038 616,921 116,679 92,070 66,825 60,576 32,870 37,847 16,130 16,903 31,147 11,797 1,053,655 223,676 144,530 114,384 108,603 43,763 62,244 38, 147 32,662 21,076 29,594 34.0 18.2 6.6 6.3 7.8 6.3 2.6 3.5 2.9 1.7 100.0 18.9 14.9 10.8 8.2 5.3 6.1 2.6 2.7 5.0 1.9 100.0 21.2 13.7 10.9 10.3 4.2 5.0 3.6 3.1 2.0 2.8 PEE CENT OF TOTAL FORE IGN WHITE STOCK CONSISTING op- es enTParlr. . 27.6 England 33.8 Finlemd 39.4 Switzerland 46.1 Tiirlrey in A «!> Germany 13.3 Greece Turkey in Europe 20.6 Hungary Wales 34.0 Ireland 28.8 1 Except Porto Eico. Table 12 shows, by geographic divisions, the num- ber of the foreign born from each of the leading for- eign countries living in urban and rural communities, respectively, together with the percentage urban. It should, of course, be borne in mind that there are great differences among the divisions with respect to the percentage of urban dwellers in the total population, which for comparison is also shown in the table. PRINCIPAL CITIES. Table 16, page 210, shows, for 1910 and 1900, the foreign-born population of each city of 250,000 inhab- itants or more, distributed according to country of birth, while Table 17, pages 211 to 213, gives similar data, for 1910 only, for cities having from 25,000 to 250,000 inhabitants. The tables bring out striking differences among the cities with respect to the rela- tive importance of the different countries in con- tributing to the foreign-bom population. Table 16 also shows that many striking changes occurred be- tween 1900 and 1910. New York City in 1910 contained one-nineteenth of the total population of the United States and about one-seventh of the total foreign-born population. Of the 1,944,357 residents of the city who were bom abroad, 484,193 were natives of Eussia, 340,770 of Italy, 278,137 of Germany, 252,672 of Ireland, and 190,246 of Austria, no other country being repre- sented by as many as 100,000. Of the 783,428 foreign-bom residents of Chicago in 1910, 182,289 were bom in Germany, 132,063 in Austria, 121,786 in Russia, 65,965 in Ireland, and 63,035 in Sweden, less than 50,000 being natives of any other single country. The following tabular statement names for each of the cities having over 250,000 inhabitants in 1910 the two countries having the largest representation among the foreign-born population: CITY. LEADING COUNTBIES OF OBIGDT OF rOEEIGN - BOEN POPtlLA- tion: 1910 First. Second. Baltimore Russia. Boston Ireland Buflalo Chicago Germany Cincinnati Hungary. Germany. Cleveland Detroit Jersey City Germany Los Angeles Milwaukee Germany Minneapolis Sweden Norway. Germany. Italy. New Orleans Italy New York Newark Germany Philadelphia Russia Pittsburgh . . . Russia. Russia. St. Louis San Francisco Washington Germany. COUNTRY OF ORIGIN. 201 PEESONS BORN IN THE LEADING FOREIGN COUNTRIES, RESIDING IN URBAN AND RURAL COMMUNITIES, BY DIVISIONS: 1910. Table 1» COUNTRY OF BIBTH. Total population. . . Total f oielgn boru Austria Canada— French Canada— Other Denmark England Finland '. France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italjr Mexico Netherlands (Holland) . . . Norway Russia Scotland Sweden Switzerland Wales MW ENGLAND. Urban. 5,456,346 1,097,336 1,686,187 63,875 253,265 211,305 8,650 146,058 11,802 9,988 64,479 16,616 15,934 320,633 168,703 120 2,028 7,732 184,280 44,963 64,638 3,113 3,147 Bural. 138,923 6,708 24,901 36,778 1,039 9,874 2,337 946 6,788 248 973 13,963 10,727 18 116 716 8,419 3,458 6,239 603 565 MIDDLE ATLANTIC. Urban. Rural, 13,723,373 6,692,519 4,073,111 422,723 16,761 94,120 16,798 244,792 10,999 31,945 644,737 14,741 199,833 538,382 661,268 729 18,232 29,977 823,627 70,834 68,215 26,190 29,649 778,063 130,834 10,251 27,237 3,839 61,668 1,814 7,770 110,256 1,162 68,118 77,374 132,511 8,S49 2,707 69,981 18, 161 19,504 6,158 8,272 EAST NOETH CENTRAL. Urban. Rural. 9,617,271 2,195,171 264,659 27,132 143,786 25,293 110,674 16,830 11,401 616,208 15,476 140,743 140,681 111,023 470 37,011 50,126 247,067 33,628 123,814 16,617 11,752 8,633,350 878,592 52,810 19,482 82,740 17,582 59,616 26,612 7,614 305,235 2,440 21,518 38,686 35,805 459 22,660 49,066 27,926 15,088 54,326 16,613 6,507 WEST NORTH CENTRAL. Urban. Rural. 3,873,716 633,869 50,780 7,936 36,547 17,350 32,586 11,517 4,217 153,327 7,436 16,335 44,717 24,246 3,440 3,351 47,082 53,612 9,758 83,636 7,090 2,620 7,764,205 65,507 9,984 48,382 46,660 36,467 18,075 5,468 273,212 6,563 7,937 33,897 13,992 7,387 17,669 151,704 65,171 12,069 129,895 12,081 6,^ 3,092,163 SOUTH ATLANTIC. Urban. Rural, 9,102,742 198,996 10,736 468 4,603 691 13,256 169 1,733 45,261 3,386 2,870 20,793 19, 137 203 367 846 40,701 3,660 1,686 1,047 886 100,998 9,648 306 3,315 676 9,555 293 1,028 17,996 1,244 7,730 19,147 39 273 623 8,448 3,495 1,298 1,029 1,122 EAST SOUTH CENTRAL. Urban. Rural, 1,574,229 58,634 1,518 202 2,032 247 4,686 43 1,083 20,326 1,187 1,085 7,475 4,602 116 207 256 6,782 1,399 732 1,352 362 6,836,672 29,291 1,472 129 1,146 310 3,121 122 750 8,198 210 657 2,649 3,581 110 172 243 1,371 1,104 367 Table la— Continued. COUNTRY OF BIRTH. Total population. . . Total f oielgn bom Austpia Canada— French Canada— Other Denmark England Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Mejcico Netherlands (Holland)... Norway Russia Scotland .' Sweden Switzerland Wales WEST SOUTH CENTRAL. Urban. 1,957,456 6,827,078 138,735 4,633 536 4,001 893 8,485 139 6,554 25,948 1,289 664 Rural. 213,467 23, 691 609 3,624 1,363 6,699 172 2,748 43,812 473 1,292 8,124 3,870 14,647 17,039 42,166 86,761 378 634 1,070 1,437 6,711 7,400 2,038 2,116 2,320 4,143 1,471 2,297 401 496 Urban. 947,511 179,662 10,838 2,099 14,202 6,187 26,066 3,329 1,653 19,632 3,993 1,727 14,599 10,268 12,447 1,781 6,167 8,578 6,622 15, 736 2,338 2,654 Rural. 1,686,006 273, 660 21,490 3,177 17, 134 11,044 29,288 6,825 2,614 23,266 9,276 2,569 12,274 24,166 33,346 1,886 9,972 10,016 8,621 19, 749 4,632 3,503 Urban. 2,382,329 1,809,975 681,429 20,745 4,806 67,206 13,643 51,604 9,992 14,604 79,398 8,266 4,106 49,693 45,606 16,266 2,535 22,807 16,298 42, 138 9,fl81 2,948, Rural. 374,380 14,406 3,161 31,307 11,686 24, 527 9,620 6,402 44,255 7,396 1,518 17,960 36,768 17, 772 2,644 16, 794 10,085 7,886 26,372 12,740 2,029 PER CENT OF PERSONS BORN IN SPECIFIED COUNTRY AND LIVING IN SPECIFIED DIVISION WHO LIVE IN URBAN COMMUNITIES. New Eng- land. Mid dleAO lantic. 83.; 92.4 91.8 91.0 86.2 86.5 93.7 83.6 91.3 91.8 98.6 94.2 95.8 94.0 87.0 94.6 91.6 95.6 93.9 91.2 71.0 84.0 76.4 62.1 77.6 81.4 79.9 85.8 80.4 85.4 92.8 74.6 87.4 83.1 90.6 68.6 91.7 92.2 79.6 77.8 80.4 78.2 East North Cen- tral. 62.7 71.4 68.2 63.6 69.0 65.0 38.7 60.0 66.9 86.4 86.7 78.5 76.6 60.6 63.0 50.5 69.0 69.5 50.0 64.4 West North Cen- tral. South At- lantic. 33.3 39.2 43.7 44.3 43.0 27.1 47.2 38.9 43.5 35.9 53.2 67.3 56.9 63.4 31.8 15.9 23.7 45.1 44.7 39.2 37.0 33.4 25.4 6.3 62.9 60.0 58.1 54.6 68.1 35.2 62.8 71.6 73.1 27.1 75.7 60.0 83.9 56.7 57.6 82.8 51.1 56.5 50.4 44.1 East South Cen- tral. 18.7 50.8 61.0 63.9 44.3 60.0 26.1 59.1 71.3 86.0 62.3 73.8 56.2 51.3 54.6 51.3 83.2 66.9 45.8 49.2 49.7 West South Cen- tral. 22.3 17.0 51.3 62.6 39.6 56.3 44.7 66.9 37.2 73.2 33.9 67.7 46.2 32.7 41.4 42.7 47.6 49.1 35.9 39.0 44.8 Moun- tain. 45.3 35.9 46.1 36.4 38.7 45.8 30.1 40.2 54.3 29.8 27.2 48.6 34.1 46.1 43.1 44.3 33.5 43.1 Pa- cific. 60.8 59.0 00.3 64.6 54.1 67.8 50.9 09.4 64.2 52.8 73.0 73.5 66.3 47.8 49.9 62.8 69.3 67.4 61.5 41.6 59.2 202 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. FOREIGN WHITE STOCK BY COUNTRY OF ORIGIN, BY DIVISIONS: 1910. Table 13 COUNTEY OF OEIQIN. All fOTeign couutiles Austria Belgium Bulgaria, Servia, and Montenegro. . . Canada — French Canada— Other Cuba and other West Indies 2 Denmark England Finland France Germany Greece Himgary Ireland Italy Mexico Netherlands (Holland) Norway Portugal Eoumania Eussia Scotland Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey in Asia Turkey in Europe Wales All other countries Of mixed foreign parentage ^ UNITED STATES. Total foreign white stock. Number. 2,001,559 89,264 22,685 932,238 1,822,377 41,842 400,064 2,322,442 211,026 292,389 8,282,618 109,665 700,227 4,504,360 2,098,360 382,002 293,674 979,099 111,122 §7,721 2,541,649 659,663 33,134 1,364,215 301,650 78,631 35,314 248,947 118,453 1,177,092 Per cent. 100.0 6.2 0.3 0.1 2.9 6.7 0.1 1.2 7.2 0.7 0.9 25.7 0.3 2.2 14.0 6.5 1.2 0.9 3.0 0.3 0.3 7.9 2.0 0.1 4.2 0.9 0.2 0.1 0.8 0.4 3.7 Foreign- born white. 13,349,645 1,174,924 49,397 21,451 385,083 810,987 23,169 181,621 876,455 129,«69 117,236 2,501,181 101,264 495,600 1,352,155 1,343,070 210,802 120,053 403,868 57,623 65,920 1,602,762 261,034 21,977 665,183 124,834 59,702 32,221 82,479 64,845 Native white of foreign or mixed parentage. 18,897,837 826,635 39,867 1,234 547,155 1,011,390 18,673 218,443 1,446,987 81,357 175,153 5,781,437 8,401 204,627 3,152,205 755,290 162,200 173,521 575,241 53,499 21,801 398,629 11,157 699,032 176,816 18,929 3,093 166,468 63,608 ,177,092 NEW ENGLAND. Total foreign white stock. Number. 3, 867, 096 107,127 4,159 386 609,241 495,143 2,212 14,199 320,834 21,378 18,985 176,945 18,131 26,'016 978,352 277,361 197 3,910 13,367 63,721 2,831 291,618 97,740 1,767 126,471 6,620 24,377 8,250 8,225 29,569 127,973 Per cent. 100.0 2.8 0.1 (') 15.8 12.8 0.1 0.4 8.3 0.6 0.6 4.6 0.5 0.7 25.3 7.2 (') 0.1 0.3 1.4 0.1 7.6 2.6 (') 3.3 0.2 0.6 0.2- 0.2 0.8 3.3 Foreign- born white. 1,814,386 69,583 3,264 323 278,156 245,859 1,276 7,686 156,676 14,139 10,917 70,261 16,764 16,907 334, 475 179,428 132 2,139 8,447 32,453 2,054 192,697 48,413 1,168 70,774 3,715 19,237 7,663 3,702 17,090 Natire white of foreign or mixed. 2,052,709 37,544 895 63 331,086 249,284 6,514 166,169 7,239 8,068 106,684 1,367 9,109 643,877 97,933 65 1,771 4,920 21,268 767 98,921 49,327 609 66,697 2,905 5,140 587 4,623 12,479 127,973 MIDDLE ATLANTIC. Total foreign white stock. 10,417,491 873,467 16,426 2,862 76,146 247,729 13,009 36,326 752,940 17,451 82,824 2,222,900 18,009 389,738 1,922,099 1,229,462 1,163 58,081 49,719 1,827 60,491 1,382,493 211,237 6,892 160,268 61,143 20,982 9,136 109,310 21,409 361,972 Per cent. 100.0 8.4 0.2 {') 0.7 2.4 0.1 0.3 7.2 0.2 0.8 21.3 0.2 3.7 18.5 11.8 0) 0.6 0.5 (') 0.6 13.3 2.0 0.1 1.6 0.6 0.2 0.1 1.0 0.2 3.6 Foreign- born white. 4,826,179 653,546 10,600 2,561 27,012 119,959 8,212 20,625 305,826 12,811 39,663 754,939 15,893 267,949 616,717 783,768 743 26,577 32,680 %1 44,401 88,975 4,564 87,717 31,344 16,358 8,141 37,916 13,233 Native white of foreign or mixed parent- age. 6,691,312 319,921 5,826 291 49,134 127,770 4,797 15,701 447,114 4,640 43,161 1,467,961 2,116 121,789 1,306,382 445,704 410 31,504 17,039 866 16,090 488,995 122,262 2,328 72,651 29,799 4,624 995 71,394 8,176 361,972 Table 13— Continued. COUNTKY OF ORIGIN. EAST NOKTH CENTBAL. Total foreign white stock. Number. All f oreigrn countries Austria Belgium Bulgaria, Servia, and Montenegro. Canada— French Canada — Other Cuba and other West Indies 2 Denmark England Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Mexico Netherlands (Holland) Norway Portugal Koumania Eus'rta Scotland Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey in Asia •Turkey in Eui-ope Wales All other countries ■Of mixed foreign parentage •' 8,175,654 556,627 46,223 6,253 145,265 533,884 1,191 92,602 503,985 76,042 63,430 3,172,097 19,943 214,885 706,740 226, 160 1,212 153,496 246, 136 1,431 11,894 424,124 132, 743 1,100 365,310 93,897 10,170 7,936 68,348 16, 265 287,385 Per cent. 100.0 0.6 0.1 1.8 6.5 ^1>.1 6.2 0.9 0.8 0.2 2.6 8.6 2.8 G) 1.9 3.0 « 0.1 5.2 1.6 (') 4.5 1.1 0.1 0.1 0.7 0.2 3.5 Foreign- bom white. 3,067,220 317,462 22,925 4,916 46, 614 223, 672 596 42,872 170, 131 43,442 19,004 921,417 17,914 162,259 179, 257 146,824 905 69, 681 99, 190 605 9,945 274,993 48, 712 603 178, 138 33,229 7,887 7,411 18,258 8,478 Native wlute of foreign or mixed 5,108,434 239,065 23,298 337 98,641 310,212 595 49, 730 333,864 32,600 44,426 1,250,680 2,029 62, 626 527, 483 79,326 307 93, 836 146, 946 926 1,949 149, 131 84,031 497 187, 172 60, 688 2,283 525 40,090 7,787 287,385 WEST NOBTH CENTBAL. Total foreign white stock. Number. 4,827,934 256, 972 11,332 4,697 61,047 236, 172 787 150,465 245,227 50, 711 32,863 1,601,182 14, 631 35,111 369,020 55,123 11,296 54, 961 543, 681 203 7,012 232, 940 73, 652 1,060 491, 949 56, 971 5,425 3,262 28,129 12,467 180, 096 Per cent. 100.0 5.3 0.2 0.1 1.3 4.9 (') 3.1 6.1 1.1 0.7 33.2 0.3 0.7 7.6 1.1 0.2 1.1 11.3 0) 0.1 4.8 1.5 (1) 10.2 1.2 0.1 0.1 0.6 0.3 3.7 Foreign- bom white. 1,613,231 116, 281 6,146 4,574 17,920 84,055 63,908 69,027 29,591 9,681 426,531 13,989 24,271 78,607 38,234 10,696 21,010 198, 785 89 5,401 118, 682 21,814 678 213, 530 19, 171 3,873 3,049 7,840 5,449 Native white of foreign or mixed parentage, 3,214,703 140,691 5,686 123 43,127 151,117 438 86,557 176,200 21, 120 23,182 1,174,651 642 10,840 290, 413 16,889 600 33,951 344, 896 114 1,611 114,258 51,838 382 278,419 37, 800 1,552 203 20,289 7,018 180,096 SOUTH ATLANTIC. Total foreign white stock. Number. 730,398 33,320 1,699 196 1,963 17,165 21,475 2,522 64,317 620 7,487 226,285 5,294 14, 154 111,697 55,206 338 1,528 3,101 314 1,479 82,203 21,692 6,764 6,062 5,178 3,987 1,845 6,791 3,648 23,168 Per cent. 100.0 4.6 0.2 « 0.3 2.4 2.9 0.3 8.8 0.1 1.0 31.0 0.7 1.9 15.3 7.6 W 0.2 0.4 0) 0.2 11.3 3.0 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.3 0.8 0.6 3.2 Foreign- bom white. 290,556 20,272 1,136 174 763 7,726 11,229 1,263 22,582 452 2,747 63,239 4,629 10,599 27,471 38,277 203 629 1,468 143 1,055 49, 141 7,143 4,954 2,981 2,071 2,770 1,650 2,006 1,784 Native white of foreign or mixed parent- age. 439,843 13,048 604 22 1,200 9,440 10,246 1,259 41,735 168 4,740 163,046 666 3,555 84,126 16,929 135 899 1,633 171 424 33,062 14,549 1,810 3,081 3,107 1,217 195 3,785 1,864 23,168 1 Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. 2 Except Porto Rico. ' Native whites whose parents were born in different foreign countries; for example, one parent in Ireland and the other in Scotland. COUNTRY OF ORIGIN. 203 FOREIGN WHITE STOCK BY COUNTRY OF ORIGIN, BY DIVISIONS: 1910— Continued. Table 13— Continued. COVNTBT OF ORIGIN. AU f oieign countries. -Austria Belgium Bulgaria, Servia, and Montenegro Canada — French "Canada— Other 'Cuba and other West Indies' Denmark .' England Finland France the othee native. 18, 897, 837 052, 709 591, 312 108, 434 214, 703 439,843 214,977 605, 283 616,921 053, 655 134,965 103,117 76,055 ,170,447 194, 646 374,489 1,007,248 777, 797 ., 806, 267 ,024,393 350,551 .,723,847 964,882 .,044,761 941, 136 632, 181 518,201 251,236 217,491 362,353 292, 105 25,873 191,838 45,068 37, 943 57, 638 8,851 11,137 25,672 36,826 124, 704 38,367 32,417 19,489 36,608 112, 717 94,044 361, 914 106,809 75, 105 32,504 181,428 26,331 42,176 131,627 20,951 2S2, 528 135,238 635,889 Austria. Bel- gium. 836,636 37,544 319,921 239,065 140,691 13,048 2,472 40,058 16,903 16,933 990 436 18,266 2,950 14,523 137, 163 31,429 151,329 52,713 6,005 117,824 19,488 43,035 38,068 23,919 13,667 6,051 7,884 38,449 12,763 407 8,006 361 1,012 2,495 86 194 309 190 685 504 758 526 1,289 1,287 4,948 32, 534 4,471 714 1,524 8,292 474 451 768 219 6,186 2,332 8,415 39, 867 895 5,826 23,298 5,636 564 202 887 654 1,855 20 34 22 417 213 1,534 1,001 3,291 1,171 1,907 6,459 4,822 9,939 1,604 857 911 260 347 364 1,343 Bul- garia, Servia, and Monte- negro. 1,334 63 291 337 123 22 51 73 128 148 44 33 38 348 6 11 40 45 116 26 31 31 72 439 181 215 159 66 54 279 26 35 19 17 577 608 770 81 45 166 165 21 90 21 40 63 17 16 2 6 6 23 Canada. French. 547, 155 331,085 49, 134 98, 641 43,127 1,200 697 2,497 8,233 12,641 40,494 40,489 25,876 160,623 39,127 24,476 46,132 1,672 2,430 6,051 2,214 16,137 64,826 20,413 24,145 3,192 2,175 4,760 2,900 2,117 3,838 61 16? 184 200 188 66 32 124 178 209 224 165 456 1,016 718 3,730 1,221 316 1,742 293 233 349 Other. 1,011,390 249,284 127,770 310,212 151,117 9,440 4,613 14,768 42,343 101,843 6,667 1,917 4,957 Cuba and other West Indies.' 18, 673 936 4,797 596 438 10,246 167 837 134 523 49,884 19,966 16,037 147,515 7,638 8,344 100,727 8,813 18,230 26,009 8,652 48,299 193,986 33,367 45,270 25,660 13,269 26,747 11,204 16,136 14,&32 371 1,530 1,388 1,443 1,187 601 313 964 1,653 1,630 1,466 1,044 584 1,662 1,553 6,133 5,430 12,430 6,891 2,110 12, 797 1,330 1,868 3,026 1,891 39,003 16,366 47,474 Don- mark. SIS, 443 6,514 15,701 49, 730 86,657 1,259 748 3,668 31, 147 23,119 62 28 10 514 156 176 3,245 693 869 139 45 264 100 47 52 88 190 4 30 39 36 19 168 95 49 7 21 23 122 9,742 21 22 60 64 39 140 16 10 5 69 10 14 4 60 39 424 England. 1,445,987 166, 159 447, 114 333, 864 176,200 41,735 18,454 38,189 116,679 108,603 1,055 124 142 2,669 261 2,263 8,173 4,611 2,917 1,958 1,274 16,151 8,486 21,861 21,387 23,780 2,527 6,848 8,669 18,889 4,457 246 149 235 99 41 77 106 271 136 206 233 173 270 617 1,096 1,786 1,998 6,212 1,387 2,965 166 418 18,311 700 7,274 3,658 12,287 6,927 6,478 3,959 91,882 26,909 30,004 194,961 71,744 180,409 84,777 24,886 108,063 77,599 38,629 24,370 46,639 34, 662 6,263 10,861 22,685 30,840 3,026 10,644 6,061 5,751 6,804 1,706 1,031 3,216 4,497 7,229 4,453 2,153 4,195 6,681 10,616 17, 797 11, 756 16,073 5,881 23,722 2,294 3,774 49,934 3,245 27,065 14, 717 66,821 Fin- land. France. 81,357 7,239 4,640 32, 600 21,120 168 156 166 4,927 10,352 383 636 174 6,426 165 455 2,746 619 1,275 3,313 100 792 24,404 3,991 17,826 61 64 1,424 1,694 46 15 14 14 37 90 15 69 14 58 2, 612 303 774 618 139 623 59 4,530 2,977 2,836 175,153 8,068 43, 161 44,426 23, 182 4,740 6,059 21,307 6,717 19,493 Germany. 5,781,437 106,684 1,467,961 2,250,680 1,174,651 163,046 97,056 206,714 92,070 223,575 321 199 270 2,616 22,509 6,799 13,853 14,028 6,699 13,791 6,249 3,661 3,022 4,500 8,202 629 851 1,748 4,230 262 1,139 658 510 786 179 219 683 606 2,154 780 1,148 971 1,003 14,609 1,701 3,994 746 626 352 2,280 487 376 480 371 2,704 1,668 15,223 2,004 2,487 1,349 47, 174 6,564 47, 108 797, 706 210, 756 459,499 498, 704 202,021 695,226 293,170 561, 559 287,232 261, 247 279, 287 43,195 61,250 144,412 98,028 4,993 98,673 13,119 9,564 18,684 2,274 3,955 6,838 5,046 72,909 10,629 8,528 4,990 14,790 32,369 31, 696 126,859 17,999 12,174 5,496 38,811 4,397 3,810 6,985 3,418 58,096 35,402 130,077 8,401 1,367 2,116 2,029 642 665 245 430 172 735 53 88 18 1,003 102 103 1,180 307 629 108 1,148 148 226 180 154 161 20 11 56 61 16 161 73 71 30 145 91 30 66 126 23 142 44 208 27 22 3 11 23 139 116 480 1 Except Porto Eico. COUNTRY OF ORIGIN. BY COUNTRY OF ORIGIN, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES: 1910. 209 NATlVil WHITE PERSONS HAVING BOTH PAKENTS BOEN IN COCNTBY SPECIFIED, OK ONE PAP.ENT SO BOBN AND THE OTHEE NATIVE— Continued. Persons of mixed loreign parent- age." Hvin- gary- Ireland. Italy-. Mexico. Nether- lands (Hol- land). Norway. Portu- - gal. Eou- mania. Russia. Soot- land. Spain. Sweden. Switzer- land. Tur- key in Asia. Tur- key in Eu- rope. Wales. All other coun- tries. 1 204,627 3,1S2,205 765,290 162,200 173,621 676,241 e3;499 21,801 938,897 398,629 11,167 699,032 176,816 18,029 3,093 166,468 63,608 1^177,092 2 9,109 643,877 97,933 66 1,771 4,920 21,268 767 98,921 49,327 609 65,697 2,906 5,140 587 4,523 12,479 127,973 3 121,789 1,306,382 445,704 410 31,504 17,039 866 16,090 488,995 122,262 2,328 72,551 29,799 4,624 995 71,394 8,176 361,972 4 52,626 527,483 79,326 307 93,835 146,946 926 1,949 149,131 84,031 497 187,172 60,668 2,283 626 40,090 7,787 287,385 6 10,840 290,413 16,889 600 33,951 344,896 114 1,611 114,268 51,838 382 278,419 37,800 1,652 203 20,289 7,018 180,096 6 3,585 84,126 16,929 135 899 1,633 171 424 33,062 14,549 1,810 3,081 3,107 1,217 195 3,785 1,864 23,168 7 828 41,223 6,657 131 662 662 32 139 6,966 6,233 644 1,983 5,124 638 112 1,704 809 11,621 8 1,498 47,346 31,959 109,909 1,523 3,988 283 139 15,691 10,782 1,969 10,038 6,619 1,172 206 2,201 2,380 28,996 9 2,106 66,825 16,130 32,870 3,566 17,010 245 178 11,797 26,945 537 37,847 9,217 486 59 13,663 2,262 66,091 W 2,276 144,530 43,763 17,773 6,830 38,147 29,594 604 21,076 32,662 2,481 52,244 21,677 1,817 211 8,829 10,833 99,790 11 70 17,059 1,120 3 45 506 114 6 2,415 2,712 66 2,105 62 293 62 347 278 6,101 12 43 19,976 871 2 36 361 43 8 1,546 2,329 19 1,488 - 85 249 38 67 110 4,328 13 93 14,687 2,023 3 36 73 40 1 1,166 2,758 77 1,090 98 83 46 1,159 93 3,235 14 1,133 410,160 45,521 37 1,289 2,938 15,986 252 59,239 27,071 326 28,908 1,067 3,269 351 1,716 10,806 80,901 15 158 58,490 15,578 6 99 339 4,325 172 5,123 6,154 32 5,810 148 760 48 387 672 12,688 16 7,612 123,505 32,820 14 268 703 760 328 29,432 8,303 89 16,296 1,445 496 52 848 521 20,720 17 44,486 723,263 266,867 239 16,261 12,392 511 12,662 289,372 51,249 1,817 36,532 13,241 2,361 556 12,264 4,261 204,767 18 21,089 177,743 76,405 74 14,805 3,001 81 1,029 53,117 20,587 231 7,801 6,211 766 77 2,082 1,337 52,982 19 56,214 405,376 102,432 97 1,448 1,646 274 2,399 146,606 50,426 280 28,218 10,347 1,607 362 57,048 2,678 104,223 •20 30,254 126,791 20,712 80 3,692 922 189 534 27,393 19,429 105 5,533 22,959 600 219 22,129 1,388 53, 139 21 4,252 41,942 2,229 44 3,240 662 22 76 4,986 7,098 61 6,720 7,460 294 32 2,692 716 14,293 22 12,907 236,983 44,526 119 18,002 36,626 646 1,076 78,941 32,857 246 114,709 12,998 692 119 7,546 3,161 99.659 23 2,601 60,981 7,893 42 54,660 9,136 29 159 22,046 15,625 60 30,563 4,411 514 81 1,573 1,424 69,997 24 2,612 60,786 3,967 22 14,441 100,701 40 104 15,763 9,122 36 29,647 12,840 283 74 6,250 1,108 50,297 ^ 2,978 56,916 3,339 39 5,392 174,304 18 673 12,736 8,282 49 145,591 5,589 261 41 2,909 1,992 56,828 26 849 74,259 1,714 44 17,411 44,978 12 77 3,512 13,702 48 39,432 7,459 144 36 6,142 2,090 30,169 27 3,043 75,346 8,134 161 1,944 1,080 18 397 12,861 8,786 161 7,873 11,066 423 38 3,268 1,108 27,483 28 1,813 9,203 103 3 1,202 77,347 7 383 30,276 2,422 9 14,640 1,167 249 16 569 225 16,429 29 468 14,419 445 12 4,022 39,828 6 17 19,824 3,080 4 13,294 1,660 96 18 1,560 474 le,677 30 689 29,638 1,041 29 2,219 4,957 25 67 11,865 6,288 43 35,267 4,217 292 34 2,258 512 19,177 31 1,000 30,732 2,113 312 1,761 2,402 28 7 23,184 9,278 78 22,322 6,662 87 21 3,603 617 17,433 32 129 10,064 1,636 2 22 27 3 12 1,999 553 21 293 64 10 3 116 73 1,666 .33 700 29,998 4,200 18 295 308 43 74 19,433 4,889 93 470 493 30 20 1,439 564 7,994 34 95 13,963 1,792 14 109 169 7 14 2,340 1,312 62 303 324 84 7 248 171 3,031 35 699 7,037 1,620 11 168 386 33 55 3,228 1,933 45 353 309 300 46 317 235 2,262 36 1,652 10,848 3,897 1 71 41 3 21 2,151 2,236 91 320 1,303 289 69 1,329 102 2,646 37 20 1,095 249 7 34 41 13 17 628 762 16 106 116 127 13 66 99 416 ^8 31 2,646 232 4 15 59 7 5 661 556 32 88 61 116 14 18 102 592 39 184 6,889 428 16 90 141 16 41 2,254 1,217 105 349 266 173 14 143 205 1,698 40 45 2,596 2,876 62 96 461 46 185 368 1,092 1,345 799 192 88 9 109 323 2,863 41 133 23,773 1,229 24 324 79 7 42 2,395 1,807 41 262 2,924 131 18 616 264 5,697 42 359 8,848 1,725 30 148 153 8 21 1,767 1,362 42 618 1,697 75 10 599 183 2,646 43 ' 300 4,892 1,981 51 107 282 10 58 1,103 2,401 170 755 376 185 31 456 198 2,289 44 36 3,710 1,722 26 73 148 7 18 711 673 291 458 227 247 53 33 164 1,189 45 270 4,491 953 93 236 126 2 14 654 1,265 28 550 1,151 51 13 405 232 2,414 46 304 16,105 22,678 645 196 344 171 23 1,380 1,365 1,693 592 905 467 66 191 678 8,146 47 352 10,191 1,505 489 527 857 11 8 8,778 3,363 33 2,001 1,720 188 64 940 337 5,293 48 572 17,559 6,823 108,682 566 2,661 99 94 4,879 4,799 216 6,896 2,843 466 73 666 1,133 13,143 49 656 18,962 ' 1,409 36 962 6,773 10 25 1,215 3,538 22 5,392 1,036 84 3 1,436 241 9,137 SO 67 5,537 560 41 378 3,510 33 1 769 3,173 134 6,000 2,039 37 1 2,434 328 6,834 M 170 3,877 528 148 92 626 8 12 334 2,418 14 2,053 403 11 12 810 113 2,949 62 998 24,387 9,815 787 1,024 2,247 46 120 8,809 7,419 128 12,968 2,217 170 26 3,428 502 14,683 53 72 2,078 868 10,030 121 180 8 158 910 61 384 266 92 9 .186 84 1,351 54 63 3,351 658 21,650 71 270 9 9 149 946 61 729 318 55 5 361 129 2,206 55 70 4,333 1,111 39 861 3,205 16 9 312 7,623 25 9,836 2,548 35 1 4,695 716 16,675 56 10 4,300 1,181 139 47 199 116 2 51 918 102 485 390 2 2 313 149 2,256 57 547 25,378 3,462 83 2,648 24,361 247 64 7,026 9,130 138 23,884 3,759 112 41 3,262 839 26,223 58 378 11,948 1,284 97 1,069 6,592 155 52 3,472 5,068 118 8,099 4,320 43 21 1,057 619 12,323 59 1,351 107,204 39,017 17,593 2,113 7,194 29,192 388 10,579 18,464 2,225 20,261 13,498 1,662 149 4,520 9,376 61,244 " Native whites whose parents were bom in diflerent foreign countries; for example, one parent in Ireland and one in Scotland. 72497°— 13 14 210 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. FOREIGN-BORN POPULATION BY COUNTRY OF BIRTH, IN CITIES HAVING 250,000 INHABITANTS OR MORE: 1910 AND 1900. Table 16 Baltimore, Md Boston, Mass Buffalo, N.Y Chicago, HI Cinciimati, Ohio. . Cleveland, Ohio. . . Detroit, Uich Jersey City, N. J.. Los Angeles, Cal.. Milwaukee, Wis . . . Minneapolis, Minn New Orleans, La.. New York, N.Y.. Newark, N. J Philadelphia, Pa. . Pittsburgh, Pa.s. . . St. Louis, Mo San Francisco, Cal. Washington, D. C. Census year, 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 190O 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 Total foreign bom. 77,662 68,600 243,365 197, 129 118,689 104,252 783,428 587,112 56,859 57,961 196, 170 124, 631 157,534 96,503 77,987 58,424 66, 133 19,964 111,529 88,991 86,099 61,021 28,333 30,325 1,944,357 1,270,080 111,007 71,363 384,707 295,340 140,924 115,094 126,223 111,366 142,298 116,885 24,902 20,119 PEB30NS BOEN IN- Austria. 6,640 3,816 2,413 1,""" 9,284 3,458 132, 063 67,676 1,638 762 42,069 18,981 14,160 2,157 4,978 1,680 2,610 364 11,663 3,962 6,075 1,802 645 409 190,246 90,477 12,963 4,796 19,860 6,394 21,400 9,411 11, 171 5,475 4,641 2,067 459 201 Bel- gium. 28 26 682 221 37 22 2,665 1,160 24 38 90 2,237 671 173 144 213 87 37 63 32 91 77 2,260 1,221 70 26 478 378 100 58 363 216 448 291 41 32 Bul- J;aria, ervia, and Monte- negro. 1 10 515 184 46 65 7 116 64 236 5 540 10 100 71 165 160 10 Canada.^ French. Other. 45 51 3,098 2,— 566 733 4,633 5,307 73 103 571 772 4,166 3,541 107 134 592 214 218 217 1,637 1,706 101 86 2,844 2,527 199 160 301 294 86 120 260 339 474 429 109 97 752 629 47,802 47,374 16,868 16,6P9 26,688 29,472 887 928 8,794 7, 38,648 26,403 1,010 907 7,686 2,683 1,671 1,687 6,905 5,637 387 310 23,476 19,399 1,126 802 3,735 2, 1,741 1,418 2,256 2,151 6,701 4,770 1,052 China. 245 426 819 1,065 67 99 1,335 1,179 16 17 166 94 132 213 1,481 1,885 39 20 92 20 219 418 194 1,122 197 175 361 304 6,914 10,762 270 417 Cuba and other West In- 365 225 1,070 456 45 36 393 58 41 212 119 43 31 21 468 467 16,415 6,867 183 77 1,629 923 124 31 141 94 291 190 243 134 Den- mark. 132 107 1,031 675 200 148 11,484 10, 166 79 49 448 373 411 231 346 319 619 514 2,030 1,473 117 92 7,997 5,621 360 216 1,119 934 110 441 390 3,119 2,171 176 Eng- land. 2, 2,841 13,671 13, 174 7,070 6,908 27,912 29,308 1,872 2,201 11,420 10, 621 9,038 6,347 4,632 4,642 7,581 3,017 2,086 2,134 2,799 2,289 1,356 1,262 78,483 68,836 6,698 6,874 36,564 36,752 9,528 11,079 5,: 5,800 9,821 8,956 2,638 2,299 Fin- land. 16 456 221 58 15 1,191 416 10 79 681 116 261 10 110 29 34 5 7,410 3,733 226 103 70 12 46 30 1,846 936 21 14 France. 357 369 1,081 1,003 684 791 3,036 2,989 665 748 494 486 596 648 1,916 251 263 293 207 3,671 4,428 18,293 14,755 697 646 2,659 2,621 885 932 1,218 1,462 6,252 4,870 611 Germany. 26,024 33,941 8,701 10,739 43,816 49,812 182,289 203,733 28,426 38,308 41,408 44,225 44,676 42,730 16, 131 17,838 9,684 4,032 64,816 68,969 8,660 7,650 6,122 8,743 278, 137 324,224 22, 177 25,251 61,480 73,047 29,438 36,838 47,766 59,973 24, 137 35,303 5,179 5,868 Greece. 347 89 1,497 281 220 46 6,664 1, 180 63 275 42 585 18 179 20 361 20 1,104 26 , 463 ' 66 176 48 8,038 1,309 297 37 589 176 773 106 1,312 38 2,275 199 342 34 Hun- gary. 1,358 156 426 330 2,442 215 28,938 4,946 6,344 208 31,503 9,568 5,935 91 1,084 136 820 60 5,571 381 1,176 681 90 68 76,627 31,516 6,029 1,325 12,495 2,785 6,576 2,684 8,769 561 1,247 315 155 48- CITT. Baltimore, Md Boston, Mass Buffalo, N.Y Chicago, 111 Cincinnati, Ohio. . . Cleveland, Ohio Detroit, Mich Jersey City, N. J . . . Los Angeles, Cal . . . Milwaukee, Wis Minneapolis, Minn . New Orleans, La. . . New York, N.Y... Newark, N.J Philadelphia, Pa. . . Pittsburgh, Pa.». . . St. Louis, Mo San Francisco, Cal., Washington, D. C. Census year. Ireland. 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 6,806 9,690 66,041 70, 147 9,423 11, 292 65,965 73,912 6,224 9,114 11,316 13,120 5,584 6,412 16, 124 19,314 3,878 1,720 1, 2,663 2,867 3,213 2,996 5,, — 252, 672 275, 102 11,226 12, 792 83, 196 98,427 18,873 23,690 14,272 19,421 23,153 15,963 6,347 6,220 Italy. 5,043 2,042 31,380 13, 738 11,399 6,669 46, 169 16,008 2,246 917 10,836 3,065 5,724 906 12,060 3,832 3,802 763 3,374 726 653 222 8,066 5,"' 340, 770 145, 433 20,494 8,537 45,308 17,"' 14,120 6,496 7,594 2,227 16, 919 7,608 2,761 930 Japan. 12 4 61 36 12 1 220 28 2 6 4 3,931 162 957 311 10 87 19 27 2 43 4 4,191 1,852 44 11 Mexi- co. Neth- er- lands (Hol- land). 188 102 15 18 18 9 27 8 14 6 6,632 817 12 6 14 10 289 299 426 282 10 13 59 63 180 76 1,792 1,459 106 98 486 391 314 311 9,632 8,566 322 369 1,076 804 584 397 243 146 408 86 615 606 209 96 43 47 4,193 2, 202 108 349 258 109 70 422 368 600 244 64 42 Nor- way. Portu- 199 188 1,914 1,146 253 186 24,186 22,011 37 12 512 249 225 76 1,360 647 1,003 163 2,144 1,702 16,402 11,632 181 96 22,281 11,387 190 , 62 1,144 692 117 72 204 172 3,769 2,172 149 101 12 ,296 882 12 23 60 21 1 3 8 5 2 25 5 128 22 1 4 36 60 431 277 14 6 593 530 2 6 Eou- manja. 216 26 373 106 4 3,344 287 454 4 761 39 313 11 196 51 297 10 267 35 1,412 417 93 9 33,586 10,499 1,160 206 4,413 1,036 1,521 145 1,065 80 583 51 41 2 Russia. 24,803 12,187 41, 892 18,370 11,349 4,010 121, 786 39,204 4,999 2,320 25,477 7, 726 18,644 3,070 13,667 3,337 4,758 293 11,992 2,380 6,664 2,160 1,254 468 484, 193 180,432 21,912 6,664 90,697 33,114 26,391 11,285 15,481 6,033 4,643 2,049 3,393 913 Scot- land. 518 594 6,062 4,473 1,978 1,, — 10,306 10,347 458 461 2 2^179 3,320 2,496 1, 1,690 1, 673 647 667 1,060 816 257 218 23,123 19,836 2,547 1,760 9,177 8,479 3,283 3,447 1,313 1,264 3, 3,000 705 574 24 20 243 138 20 6 463 466 3,369 1,491 54 28 200 107 23 9 227 32 1,177 236 61 31 Swe- den. Switz- erland, 237 236 7,123 5,541 1,021 743 63,035 58,836 114 111 1,667 1,000 601 267 1,280 899 3,414 80S 787 669 26,478 20,036 160 170 34,952 28,320 782 469 2,429 2,143 1,365 1,268 1,129 1,116 6,970 5,248 359 234 228 186 415 400 639 590 3,494 3,261 696 657 1,373 1, 696 491 563 443 828 370 833 653 299 247 314 10, 452 8,371 779 736 2,013 1,707 1,007 1,032 2,653 2,752 2,587 2,085 281 244 Tur- key in Asia.' 50 2,1 207 1,175 245 497 561 103 386 78 219 192 ,6,160 127 973 452 730 320 139 Tur- key in Eu- rope.' 24 12 623 600 97 13 711 180 280 6 261 41 125 7 38 32 120 13 147 66 61 23 46 107 3,695 1,401 525 197 79 24 42 402 120 41 39 Wales, 92 315 308 217 153 1,818 1,818 177 240 1, 1,490 170 101 139 169 414 156 231 307 213 230 20 35 1,779 1,— 106 91 1,033 1,033 2,159 3,337 197 238 402 386 87 82 All other coim- tries.5 309 608 1,222 1,216 262 670 2,400 4,291 339 442 311 413 172 1,068 726 282 195 259 187 244 499 385 6,626 7,079 281 350 1,049 1,788 290' 1,303 406 692 3,302 2,726 20a 222' 1 Included under "All other countries" for 1900. 2 Included Newfoundland for 1900. 3 Except Porto Rico. ' Turkey in Asia included with Turkey in Europe for ' Included persons in 1900 reported as bom in Poland, without sx>ecification as to whether German, Austrian, or Russian Poland. » Includes population of Allegheny for 1900. 1900. COUNTRY OF ORIGIN. 211 FOREIGN-BORN POPULATION BY COUNTRY OP BIRTH, IN CITIES HAVING FROM 25,000 TO 250,000 INHABITANTS: 1910. Table 17 Total foreign bom. PBESONS BOEN m- Aus- tria. Canada. French, Other. Eng- land, Scot- land, and Wales. France. Ger- many. Greece. Hun- gary. Ireland. Italy. Neth- er- lands (Hol- land), and Bel- gium. Nor- way, Sweden, and Den- mark. Russia and Fin- land. Tur- AU other coun- tries. Alabama Birmlngiham Mobile Montgomery Arkansas Little Rock California Berkeley Oakland Pasadena Sacramento San Diego San Jose Coloiado Ck>lorado Springs. Denver Pueblo Connecticut Bridgeport Hartford Meriden town Meridencity New Britain New Haven Norwich town Stamford town Stamford city . . . Waterbury Delaware Wilmington Florida Jacksonville Tampa GreoTgIa Atlanta Augusta Macon Savannah nunois Aurora Bloomington Danville Decatur East St. Louis Elgin. Joliet Peoria Quincy Bockford Springfield Indiana Evansvillo Fort Wayne Indianapolis South Bend Terre Haute Iowa Cedar Rapids.. Clinton Council Blufls. Daveni>ort Des Moines Dubuque Sioux City Waterloo Kansas Kansas City. Topeka Wichita Kentucky Covington Lexington Louisville Newport Louisiana Shreveport Maine Lewiston Portland 6,730 2,305 716 1,988 8,641 40,846 4,618 11,046 7,829 3,019 39,749 8,660 36,264 31,364 9,397 8,04S 18,030 42,989 8,469 8,900 8,097 26,641 13, 713 10,803 4,601 929 694 3,448 6,706 3,413 2,010 2,429 9,422 6,677 10,447 8,832 3,651 13,839 6,917 4,468 7,214 19,842 13,443 3,818 6,326 4,881 4,384 8,108 10,427 6,099 10,469 2,707 10,381 4,171 2,880 3,946 944 17,473 3,407 1,018 9,431 12,161 ' 134 42 29 91 1,267 52. 644 182 161 74 1,698 2,287 3,868 1,865 1,224 1,U7 1,972 1,109 344 628 S90 422 887 41 31 113 14 4 213 46 22 23 1,672 92 2,921 364 16 137 487 40 96 1,227 576 56 2,799 286 247 265 473 92 2,993 48 67 18 17 316 115 104 44 13 22 246 37 67 68 52 499 792 eis 461 1,760 31 H 1,901 23 7 14 16 27 35 138 16 6,660 408 222 129 34 117 914 2,906 920 670 925 473 379 3,260 351 778 1,292 160 m 171 874 164 144 IBS 401 168 264 108 241 24 293 112 84 100 183 299 313 377 166 263 768 402 166 201 208 193 194 573 173 566 211 389 222 241 77 46 341 734 4,109 1,343 327 86 269 1,474 6,304 1,026 1,247 1,399 730 786 6,920 716 3,901 2,440 1,217 981 1,060 2,663 964 911 7ee 1,768 1,311 646 218 596 72 431 381 266 254 424 616 886 805 164 867 1,052 373 431 1,628 336 643 324 386 381 ,629 411 752 321 700 443 307 100 476 901 146 66 22 256 1,206 47 146 171 150 33 160 23 38 Si 228 706 406 224 787 1,231 5,476 678 1,477 1,134 762 435 6,636 729 2,811 2,424 2,269 1,7SS 1,606 4,116 693 763 ei9 1,433 1,911 413 64 729 20 207 S 111 30 792 72 2,654 26 1,568 19 1,042 17 1,623 134 1,427 37 2,282 38 1,577 119 3,739 33 2,840 29 671 77 2,127 74 3,338 173 4,601 217 7,518 31 5,347 35 1,426 19 557 12 2,171 27 872 62 5,290 64 1,431 61 3,176 36 1,262 10 897 73 1,853 46 767 37 795 51 2,765 12 155 258 8,471 37 1,766 91 197 34 142 24 189 243 142 44 79 117 470 48 368 68 36 319 194 53 21 $} 33 86 108 118 117 45 28 63 80 49 215 42 8 22 22 122 34 248 16 49 37 17 465 364 6,975 328 83 SS 147 473 24 366 seo 168 21 9 92 18 8 42 632 158 4 2 1,807 31 309 54 1,273 K4 685 26 11 41 9 32 146 ,32 6 24 18 249 852 40 3,829 13 287 18 43 27 49 207 11 219 72 124 17 16 6 342 30 204 7 210 274 28 10 28 16 4 7 29 11 93 441 2 68 16 5 148 78 "'is' 309 314 67 166 695 4,160 336 1,166 617 531 341 3,965 491 6,086 7,049 1,369 1,S10 1,436 9,004 1,595 1,832 i,eoe 5,838 3,162 160 71 302 211 627 624 162 267 998 308 770 1,036 237 417 1,012 157 385 3,256 1S8 622 418 622 306 581 804 811 561 210 1,054 266 253 511 280 2,700 579 2,962 3,800 34 1,162 331 1,822 24 2,664 1,490 5,022 4,621 928 816 2,005 13, 159 476 1,903 1,819 6,667 2,288 133 2,519 96 34 46 96 34 32 31 80 77 1,043 185 43 1,067 276 83 668 121 62 61 68 148 81 932 281 680 67 664 25 159 25 783 16 48 249 46 26 34 31 42 331 26 18 11 7 168 16 40 IB 19 27 6 18 2 2 29 72 6 25 16 21 28 16 167 12 42 55 19 60 161 544 56 21 30 17 64 82 89 172 10 177 17 45 183 221 24 1,112 4,794 539 669 696 344 609 6,029 543 2,210 2,843 403 SSI 2,452 1,919 300 670 BOB 726 287 121 81 102 9 5 123 763 399 211 61 101 1,162 803 572 34 1,380 195« 33 78 436 661 149 290 874 1,676 601 2,761 133 3,444 1,070 761 136 12 4 137 11 915 592 159 86 164 1,118 81 144 146 38 108 5,627 528 4,142 6,687 851 SOS 6,276 8,049 1,761 1,440 1,40) 6,607 233 89 25 24 112 39 25 22 22 11 107 83 219 210 11 11 203 186 118 13 11 104 3,163 13 192 214 74 13 1,342 113 166 4 148 61 666 66 319 3 62 34 67 3 51 1,690 444 172 18 619 40 406 103 35 41 695 3 1,061 48 150 9 399 393 1,256 985 1,127 18 265 130 388 81 100 20 177 6 148 20 1,415 63 193 17 1,664 311 143 13 963 61 853 5 178 91 46 87 64 2,014 98 639 6 150 86 366 92 1,350 225 138 296 46 136 1,732 9,493 720 3,396 3,100 1,143 227 2,191 530 352 662 70 es 283 674 125 113 98 325 442 7,351 292 58 30 211 721 67 46 60 307 236 70 371 83 84 188 125 288 663 126 112 67 184 ISO 121 248 443 129 117 329 383 614 908 90 58 48 155 212 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. FOREIGN-BORN POPULATION BY COUNTRY OF BIRTH, IN CITIES HAVING FROM 25,000 TO 250,000 INHABITANTS: 1910— Continued. Table 1 7— Continued. Total foreign bom. PEKSONS BOKN IN— CITY. Aus- tria. Canada. Eng- land, Scot- land, and Wales. France. Ger- many. Greece. Hun- gary. Ireland. Italy. Neth- er- lands (Hol- land), and Bel- gium. Nor- way, Sweden, and Den- marli:. Russia and Fin- land. Tur- key. All ^'rench. Otlier. other coun- tries. Massachusetts 15,466 8,401 35,328 13,829 10,042 9,736 50,958 13,618 11,190 23,264 41,471 43,494 27,605 13,491 43,727 11,269 6,783 10,908 13,577 20,818 23,077 9,912 7,706 48,597 2,655 11,044 6,730 28,387 4,364 6,881 4,010 11,727 30,703 58,657 918 25,466 8,131 1,128 13,128 7,218 27,179 8,021 29,708 8,962 6,776 20,573 15,773 5,727 23,933 27,712 8,127 28,503 45,485 14,323 28,376 13,743 18,218 10,831 7,647 7,415 5,271 10,614 3,394 8,066 8,749 4,833 12,108 4,848 59,076 18,691 30,848 16,448 21,318 6,278 26,716 480 463 43 21 156 158 4,105 32 2,614 68 313 2,396 1,450 1,948 264 130 1,837 25 196 46 728 143 1,367 921 8 382 88 107 269 549 60 155 73 222 1,165 3,900 29 571 566 21 955 184 3,414 3,000 1,770 72 218 2,452 972 147 4,117 1,368 182 8,748 883 2,749 1,822 564 586 2,654 1,480 425 221 36 210 215 154 182 860 496 1,688 1,279 1,265 897 2,060 271 3,927 8 3 917 71 1,445 382 2,877 197 16,277 4,050 2,668 8,035 7,698 12,291 2,369 223 12,241 707 765 375 4,434 587 3,078 1,728 602 6,010 33 1,324 154 197 30 67 51 729 1,423 1,098 13 149 . 61 12 441 24 86 16 13,720 4,8.30 17 27 28 15 53 37 10 22 156 44 74 23 286 107 126 47 21 24 34 28 28 4 81 30 569 444 499 613 165 289 46 1 1 2,673 2,047 8,727 2,602 260 3,910 963 782 1,879 667 1,825 4,051 7,686 3,737 944 2,830 329 2,132 1,713 7,607 1,464 752 2,270 3,405 1,053 3,121 3,307 3,029 1,008 680 1,118 3.312 4,436 3,339 99 1,611 318 136 1,579 323 1,132 142 2,716 537 180 258 263 301 216 138 112 126 332 200 154 72 873 172 404 213 197 282 58 233 242 141 4,158 94 9,149 697 2,758 672 848 .3,078 503 27 16 1,306 830 2,851 837 635 1,190 11,984 1,205 784 2,403 7,022 5,751 2,807 1,235 10,050 1,274 831 2,215 604 2,273 2,359 1,361 957 4,012 657 1,102 988 1.148 807 588 462 1,130 1.546 2,879 171 2,927 640 232 2.701 550 1,989 245 1,8.57 235 971 1,449 2,461 1,300 2,101- 1,285 793 1,161 7,791 441 4,071 805 1,882 955 1,272 654 515 1,179 239 888 888 866 1,539 446 6,979 2,007 2,942 1,981 2,798 888 3,218 133 63 23 38 131 15 83 15 144 80 15 391 788 100 74 17 334 67 282 30 49 83 83 11 25 123 21 34 22 48 21 18 7 136 69 276 22 277 81 10 97 28 136 10 64 10 102 67 116 71 117 107 40 48 824 35 70 447 120 14 18 25 19 37 11 91 98 11 S5 21 328 69 181 66 103 77 181 6 9 110 296 728 196 192 213 234 554 108 1,666 5,301 205 350 287 777 185 823 172 106 412 975 185 108 580 301 2,727 549 4,548 1,004 869 1,363 4,408 2,595 14,026 309 5,364 2,841 327 868 1,197 4,861 985 1,225 22 S35 1,706 3,764 969 4,900 10,018 1,001 2,097 .5,741 1,201 4,149 4,206 4,620 1,702 746 681 1,162 256 1,020 1,847 1,211 612 832 861 14, 824 3,428 6,903 1,818 3,073 196 2,337 97 198 149 36 102 21 171 14 130 248 442 181 171 3,782 958 8 172 3 38 30 248 75 213 30 30 83 50 12 34 31 48 20 30 18 67 129 21 758 237 10 74 187 486 69 1,330 570 75 7 22 6 44 106 174 32 101 27 88 2 83 16 22 52 17 41 12 10 29 30 17 21 178 102 108 61 49 19 89 18 13 14 6 102 16 27 105 3 2 14 80 28 24 26 15 13 14 34 2 6 25 32 23 1 20 16 23 298 209 12 200 98 114 76 1,989 4 332 407 8 40 61 554 505 11 2 114 1,795 271 121 1,467 521 80 8,534 483 3,887 4,980 121 67 41 74 1,769 42 96 75 139 72 223 415 856 212 62 118 104 2,684 1 5 2,891 4,203 10,637 1,431 1,310 1,633 5,194 1,925 1,895 5,246 5,943 9,983 5,153 2,810 2,583 3,724 1,629 1,670 2,811 6,320 5,679 2,082 2,128 10,535 189 399 227 871 421 306 127 398 620 4,184 95 3,267 780 142 3,196 291 1,849 659 3,482 836 938 3,444 1,852 1,403 3,346 3,077 2,024 1,079 4,971 547 2,481 562 4,546 978 1,503 1,8.31 1,277 244 681 1,048 1,568 1,656 839 967 6,230 1,365 4,877 5,410 2,021 469 6,265 32 35 986 43 1,546 436 46 625 1,025 884 1,063 368 6,693 259 1,364 623 666 1,198 1,158 1,539 403 • 1,777 2,915 133 615 2,889 35 22 192 319 58 43 74 218 848 1,995 24 2,679 193 19 161 72 2,361 110 77 52 1,383 1,738 2,331 361 2,228 6,555 2,960 2,972 9,317 566 4,268 4,218 2,205 1,760 1,696 595 919 939 380 2,670 2,884 675 1,926 737 10,838 3,660 4,756 1,462 6,688 602 4,118 12 9 6 10 40 113 "'io' 19 6 7 38 318 183 17 57 97 21 3 13 7 21 20 13 14 33 60 60 46 11,912 48 3,470 107 28 190 284 8 388 52 3 40 26. 126 182 182 1 27 18 34 25 51 840 12 1,277 6,660 23 48 80 288 4 12 13 15 24 11 20 37 12 22 37 1,374 74 49 33 33 1 114 1 2,742 627 2,131 161 97 954 189 468 126 147 140 772 1,622 932 393 474 193 1,332 180 935 1,176 80 810 8,599 102 366 107 1.366 61 128 88 141 12,695 16„810 48 2,666 415 129 1,048 740 8,860 890 997 58 118 355 407 520 623 1,706 ISO 233 243 1,986 189 239 188 88 50 102 97 7,246 31 305 476 121 102 90 607 494 200 864 101 36 646 13 22 3,227 131 3,735 6,922 211 592 2,182 3,175 1,575 1,687 4,402 1,886 3,929 3,301 1,715 501 683 1,170 2,167 814 3,028 476 232 10,219 46 1,844 422 3,622 701 247 209 767 4,739 4,432 33 3,431 1,290 8 1,239 3,355 2,814 985 783 1,218 1,154 6,918 2,684 288 4,291 1,712 387 3,981 8,867 2,440 3,727 702 2,460 2,129 261 866 659 68 640 656 824 524 1,397 456 7,187 3,880 6,278 1,069 2,588 143 3,042 44 30 208 29 414 330 12 42 484 168 324 93 2,077 637 823 95 354 81 . 9 41 166 161 437 40 19 2,489 43 41 38 284 8 12 163 2 62 202 8 146 44 18 86 35 188 72 1,599 492 124 27 69 18 9 42 44 22 388 25 24 836 146 12 38 47 38 188 44 12 12 32 162 15 273 29 319 597 365 65 113 70 27 171 Brookline town . 113 2,583 ■Chelsea 310 17 174 Fall River 10,636 43 Haverhill 79 Holyoke . . - er Lawrence 616 1,622 374 TWaMfp 121 11,551 Newton 165 Pittsfield 110 Quincy 141 76 705 Springfield . . - . 261 Taunton 2,077 Waltham 87 258 Hicbigan 91 BavCitv 02 Fiiht :: 81 Grand Ranids 256 77 78 Lansing 52 107 Minnesota Duluth 383 St. Paul 1,137 Missouri Joplin 34 Kansas City 1,010 436 Springfield 55 Montana Butte 843 Nebraska Lincoln 145 524 South Omaha 375 New Hampshire Manchester 105 29 New Jersey Atlantic City 524 Bayonne 312 531 182 Elizabetii 383 400 148 191 Paterson 1,729 152 231 West Hoboken town New York 1,077 289 109 67 Binghamton 96 72 41 37 146 New Rochellc 225 59 "Niaeara Falls. 66 64 839 327 603 Troy 164 62 487 North Carolina .Thirlnlie ". Wilmington 1 32 COUNTRY OF ORIGIN. 213 FOREIGN-BORN POPULATION BY COUNTRY OF BIRTH, IN CITIES HAVING FROM 25,000 TO 250,000 INHABITANTS: 1910— Continued. Table 17— Continued. Ohip Akron Canton Columbus Dayton Hamilton Lima Loiain Newark Springfield Medo Youngstown ZanesvlUe Oklahoma Muskogee Oklahoma City Oregon Portland FennsyWania AUentown Altoona Chester Easton Erie Hairisburg Hazleton Johnstown Lancaster McKeesport Newcastle Norristown borough Reading Scranton Shenandoah borough. . . Wilkes-Barre Williamsport York Rhode Island Newport Pawtueket Providence Warwick town TVoonsocket South Carolina Charleston Columbia Tennessee Chattanooga Knoxville Memphis Nashville Texas Austin Dallas El Paso Fort Worth Galveston Houston San Antonio Waco Utah Ogden Salt Lake City Virginia Lynchburg Norfolk. Portsmouth Richmond Roanoke Washington Seattle Spokane Tacoma West Virginia Huntington Wheeling Wisconsin Green Bay La Crosse Madison Oshkosh Racine Sheboygan Superior .' Total foreign born. 13,249 8,658 16,363 13,892 3,315 1,627 10,938 2,051 3,174 32,144 24,896 1,605 549 3,337 50,312 6,240 5,224 6,712 3,129 14,963 4,157 6,003 15,333 3,214 12,645 8,634 4,030 8,823 35,122 10,459 16,097 2,335 1,594 6,381 17,989 76,999 9,021 16,548 2,448 448 1,342 792 6,520 3,017 2,455 5,264 14,504 4,280 6,307 6,408 17,495 1,328 4,879 19,544 459 3,676 1,147 4,136 774 67,456 21, 820 22,498 526 5,428 4,057 6,044 4,234 7,410 12,513 8,669 13,799 PERSONS BORN IN- Aus- tria. 933 504 818 660 112 48 2,194 178 80 879 4,005 44 12 273 2,548 1,530 309 1,160 86 726 299 1,320 4,736 46 3,107 1,263 61 1,415 3,184 1,225 2,578 59 109 58 210 1,574 419 1,378 19 12 201 91 254 66 411 567 369 351 75 44 214 7 40 16 118 14 2,025 712 1,265 165 564 104 806 .102 973 488 Canada. French. 681 21 442 137 3,367 4,494 3,190 9,728 836 310 261 155 42 7 33 21 11 458 Other. 417 162 617 380 65 128 262 58 124 ;,499 326 44 63 294 4,769 33 37 90 30 857 65 16 58 32 66 132 52 58 284 10 116 78 41 391 656 4,341 246 335 107 52 305 129 51 241 200 213 90 228 175 747 24 140 59 114 56 9,872 4,040 2,622 62 210 164 169 338 154 44 1,577 Eng- land, Scot- land, and Wales. 1,925 854 1,935 620 149 214 804 219 369 2,052 4,239 217 99 477 5,363 322 426 1,287 364 788 391 363 1,067 184 1,853 2,024 606 496 7,716 529 3,930 285 187 1,080 6,834 12,676 1,129 963 199 213 172 366 351 513 738 766 997 95 1,652 7,532 442 132 652 212 8,553 2,898 2,572 128 575 109 194 334 322 745 65 France. 167 169 150 93 48 14 18 17 12 246 48 16 505 78 162 367 93 24 6 114 57 26 144 85 43 153 135 230 n 25 110 56 13 646 164 273 59 Ger- many. 3,152 2,313 5,722 5,817 2,152 606 1,188 497 1,119 15,308 2,100 601 134 674 7,490 1,104 1,658 466 754 5,603 834 872 1,582 1,993 1,533 491 510 2,754 4,325 273 2,401 880 667 275 607 2,076 160 185 891 65 262 165 1,429 554 794 1,434 447 708 1,563 1,771 3,398 239 2,102 46 402 130 892 79 6,176 2,755 2,545 112 2,236 1.125 2,723 1,320 4,482 2,890 4,618 1,011 Greece. 64 357 123 117 42 13 12 18 53 81 134 28 46 130 701 29 91 13 43 53 46 3 37 38 90 49 15 170 71 5 63 8 44 130 267 451 5 50 134 27 34 23 230 63 7 75 4 63 64 132 202 621 41 179 13 99 43 967 144 258 24 130 13 53 127 118 336 27 Hun- gary. 3,308 1,559 970 2,761 168 9 3,954 695 28 2,927 5,490 213 1,3.59 68 09 305 588 621 228 4,563 39 2,500 605 23 243 1,214 3 259 8 20 18 4 126 13 14 23 40 71 177 7 35 39 21 98 91 56 7 1 19 5 36 4 345 126 102 13 164 2 54 34 24 566 47 171 Ireland. 605 192 1,809 976 167 357 290 '197 830 1,971 1,842 184 202 2,267 416 530 1,526 228 1,122 315 367 447 144 740 449 992 344 5,302 265 1,.588 324 71 2,316 3,438 15,801 622 1,196 345 43 118 117 369 163 364 564 460 485 51 180 664 41 226 136 405 3,177 1,021 916 54 544 186 159 346 143 235 46 452 Italy. 980 1,619 356 178 158 4.52 103 173 270 3,604 14 7 40 2,557 662 1,281 869 732 1,307 479 1,892 1,905 195 586 2,397 1,442 1,076 3,549 432 956 314 180 673 717 17,305 1,339 483 191 19 10 22 1,140 91 49 338 50 190 568 639 444 161 169 379 27 345 153 511 27 3,457 i,545 1,202 32 291 U 20 335 10 449 1 IS Neth- er- lands (Hol- land), and Bel- gium^ 29 19 140 41 9 6 21 2 20 140 26 1 31 439 10 48 250 190 425 35 28 45 46 36 147 1 4 14 11 18 2 720 255 105 1,199 26 24 25 137 595 375 Nor- way, Sweden, and Den- mark. 585 146 168 80 18 24 124 26 43 323 646 38 181 8,723 29 60 88 32 913 34 3 53 20 1,253 66 44 33 142 3 224 80 26 564 559 4,058 1,023 84 106 17 26 9 206 46 243 95 293 751 202 173 140 4,662 138 59 67 16 17,749 5,786 7,731 529 1,629 1,079 513 4,251 153 5,733 Russia and Fin- land. 602 591 1,534 1,527 99 51 1,452 24 103 3,345 1,761 152 550 540 1,005 416 2,428 876 815 510 390 762 920 203 1,905 8,571 7,514 3,508 145 165 188 481 7,518 82 622 295 82 431 106 956 596 40 744 176 598 387 636 469 172 49 355 142 1,341 367 76 3,877 879 18 491 272 153 251 •126 1,.559 1,648 2,478 Tur- 150 144 131 215 4 13 50 54 108 243 253 54 6 124 60 82 7 47 8 15 52 262 6 24 141 1 190 265 152 319 26 45 395 1,140 20 310 13 1 18 61 79 41 59 130 39 155 101 47 30 195 10 95 6 175 131 40 180 27 172 12 28 192 12 2 All o1ier coun- tries. 453 660 548 222 103 77 79 59 104 1,179 401 20 31 570 :,64g 78 123 71 46 410 157 55 79 103 95 145 55 77 379 37 106 42 518 244 3,822 490 94 12 47 92 2,36 200 588 470 12,714 672 606 773 10,338 175 1,362 20 245 48 156 13 8,467 1,146 1,558 31 105 35 112 155 126 70 112 L'ol Chapter 6. THE FOEEIGN-BOHN POPULATION— DATE OF IMMIGRATION. Introduction. — This chapter summarizes the statis- tics in regard to the year of immigration of the for- eign-bom population, as returned at the Thirteenth Decennial Census. The census schedules of 1910 and 1900 both contained an inquiry, appUcable only to the foreign-born population, as to the year of immigration to the United States. This inquiry was designed in part to afford, in connection with the statistics of im- migration, a means for determining what proportion of the immigrants of each year or period of years had remained ia this country and were still living. It also furnishes a basis for determining the sections of the country in which the immigrants of different periods have mainly settled. United States as a whole. — Table 1 summarizes the results of this inquiry at the last two censuses for the United States as a whole (not including Alaska, Ha- waii, Porto Rico, or other outlying possessions) . Table 1 TEAR OF IMMIGRATION. CEsraus of 1910 (april 15). TEAR OF IMMIGRATION. CENSUS OF 1900 (JUNE 1). Length of residence in United States, in years (y.) and months (m.). Total foreign horn. Foreign-bom white. Length of residence in United States, in years (y.) and months (m.). Total foreign bom. Foreign-bom white. Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. Total 13,516,886 1,340,819 13,346,545 1,318,959 Total 10,341,276 1,012,653 10,213,817 1,001,460 Year not reported Total with year reported. 1910, to Apr. 15.. 1909 Year not reported Total with year reported. 1900, to June 1... 1899 12,176,067 233,852 579,419 412,683 706,771 637,398 530,808 1,505,214 7,568,922 2,570,123 2,036,022 1,063,699 1,157,513 5,347,710 4,606,145 7,568,922 13,516,886 100.0 1.9 4.8 3.4 5.8 6.2 4.4 12.4 62.2 21.1 16.7 8.7 9.5 43.9 37.8 62.2 100.0 12,026,586 231,696 673,585 405,631 694,362 623,647 620,161 1,479,844 7,497,660 2,628,921 2,000,005 1,046,500 1,148,645 6,302,616 4,528,926 7,497,660 13,346,645 160.0 1.9 4.8 3:4 5.8 5.2 4.3 12.3 62.3 21.0 16.6 8.7 9.6 44.1 37.7 62.3 100.0 9,328,623 201,128 235,410 195,291 172,288 199,749 214,577 1,144,654 6,965,526 1,003,866 1,359,231 1,596,930 1,566,448 3,802,148 2,363,097 6,965,526 10,341,276 100.0 2.2 2.5 2.1 1.8 2.1 2.3 12.3 74.7 10.8 14.6 17.1 16.8 40.8 25.3 74.7 100.0 9,212,357 192,607 229,315 191,399 169,117 197,536 212,198 1,136,842 6,883,343 979,974 1,349,040 1,685,062 1,646,825 3,751,456 2,329,014 6,883,343 10,213,817 100.0 2.1 2.5 2.1 1.8 2.1 2.3 12.3 74.7 10.6 14.6 17.2 16.8 40.7 2(5.3 74.7 100.0 Less than 3i m 3im.-ly.3im ly. 3im.-2y. 3 m... 2y. 3 m.-3y. 3im... 3y. 3 m.-4y. 3im... 4y. 3im.-5y. 3im... 5y. 3im.-9y. Sim... 9 y. 3i m. or more Less than 4 y. 3i m ... 4y.3im.-9y.3im... 9y. 3im.-14y. 3Jm.. 14 y. 3im.-19 y. 3i m. 19 y. 3i m. or more Less than 9 y . 3i m. .*. . 9 y. 3J m. or more Less than 5 m 1908 1898 ly. 5 m.-2y. 5m 2y. 5 m.-3y. 5 m 3y. 5 m.-4y. 5 m 4 y. 5 in.-5 y. 6 m 5y. 5m.-9y. 5 m 9 y . 5 m. or more Less than 4 y . 5 m. . . . 4y. 5m.-9y. 5 m 9 y. 5 m.-14 y. 5 m 14 y. 6 m.-19y. 5 m... 19y.5m.ormore Less than 9 y . 5 m 9 y. 5 m. or more 1907 1897 1906 1896 1905 1895 1901-1904 1900 or earlier.... 1906-1910 1901-1905 1896-1900 1891-1895 1890 or earlier.... 1901-1910 1900 or earlier Distributing those with year not reported: Total 1891-1894 1890 or earlier 1895-1900 1891-1895 1886-1890 1881-1885 1880 or earlier.... 1891-1900 1890 or earlier.... Distributing those with year not reported: Total 1901-1910 1900 or earlier.... Less than9y. 3im.... 9 y. 3i m. or more 1891-1900 1890 or earlier Less than 9 y. 6 m 9y. 5 m- or more 5,088,084 8,427,802 37.6 62.4 6,000,098 8,345,447 37.5 62.5 2,609,173 7,732,103 25.2 74.8 2,671,196 7,642,621 25.2 74.8 It will be noted from this table that for about one- tenth of the foreign-born population, both in 1910 and in 1900, the year of immigration was not reported. Consequently the numbers reported as having arrived in each specified year or group of years somewhat understate the actual numbers. There is no way of knowing whether this understatement is relatively greater in the case of one class than in the case of another, but it is probable that approximately cor- rect figures for any given year or group of years will be obtained by adding one-ninth to the number actu- ally reported. The percentages shown in Table 1 (except those in the last two lines) are aU based upon the total number for whom the year of immigration was reported. Of the foreign bom of all races combined in 1910 for whom the year was reported, 21.1 per cent had arrived dur- ing the period from January 1, 1906, to April 15, 1910 (four years, three and one-half months), 16.7 per cent during the five years 1901-1905, 8.7 per cent between 1896 and 1900, 9.5 per cent between 1891 and 1895, and 43.9 percent in 1890 or earher. About three-eighths of those for whom the date of arrival was reported thus ar- rived during the period of nine years, three and one-haK months beginning January 1, 1901, and five-eighths be- fore that date. The percentages for the foreign-born whites taken by themselves are substantially the same. This table reflects roughly the variations which have taken place from year to year in the number of immi- grants. For example, the number reported in 1910 as having arrived during 1907 (706,771) was much greater than the number reported as having arrived during 1908 (412,683), which corresponds with the va- riation shown by the statistics of immigration. Again, the number reported as having arrived during the five years 1891-1895 (1,157,513) was considerably greater (215) 216 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. than the number reported as having arrived from 1896 to 1900 (1,063,699), which conforms to the statistics showing that immigration was heavier during the ear- lier years of that decade than during the later. Table 1 also presents estimates as to the total num- ber of the foreign born enumerated in 1910 who had arrived, respectively, before and after January 1, 1901. The estimates (which represent the totals derived from calculations made for each state separately) are made on the assumption that the persons for whom the date of arrival was not reported should be distributed in the same ratio as those for whom reports were made. Similar estimates have been made on the basis of the returns at the census of 1900. It is estimated on the above basis that about 5,000,000 of the foreign- born whites who were enumerated on April 15, 1910, had arrived in this country subsequently to January 1, 1901. During the period from January 1, 1901, to April 1, 1910, the Bureau of Immigration recorded the arrival in the United States of 8,223,325 immi- grants. The diflFerence between these two figures, about 3,223,325, represents the number who had left the country or died — chiefly those who had returned to their native country. Those who were enumerated in 1910 represented 62.2 per cent of the total number of immigrants during this period. Divisions and states. — Table 2 shows, by geographic divisions and states, the foreign-born white popula- tion as enumerated in 1910, distributed according to the time of arrival in the United States. FOREIGN-BORN WHITE POPULATION, BY YEAR OF ARRIVAL IN THE UNITED STATES, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES: 1910. DIVISION AND STATE. ITuited States. Geographic Divs.: New England. . . Middle Atlantic. E. North Central W.North Central Soutli Atlantic. . E. South Central. W.South Central Mountain Pacific New England: Maine New Hampshire. Vermont Massachusetts... Bhode Island Connecticut Mn>DLE Atlantic: New York. New Jersey Pennsylvania E. N. Centkal: Ohio TndiaTifl. Illinois Michigan Wisconsin W. N. Central: Miimesota Iowa Missouri North Dakota... South Dakota. . . 2,S2S,921 369,442 1,095,778 522,008 186,544 56,884 8,587 49,857 90,961 148,860 year or immigration. 1906- Apr. 15, 1910 2,000,005 19,226 20,756 10,437 212,285 34,712 72,026 598,583 143,335 353,860 129,676 30,137 221,195 87,616 53,385 62, 152 24,986 31,764 20,397 10,313 1901- 1905 8,195,115 283,246 906, 454 391,942 155,683 40,259 7,641 34,596 68,916 121,268 14,024 12,353 6,638 164, 322 28,072 57,837 516, 519 112, 777 277,158 88,621 17,137 177, 168 65,520 43,606 17,293 23,618 23,744 9,621 1891- 1900 6,302,515 390,664 904,348 418,690 195,365 40,322 8,934 48,929 63,082 124,911 21,268 20,743 8,763 234,894 37, 506 67,391 542,974 121,956 239,418 73,623 16,212 184,207 83,784 60,864 75,269 27, 134 22, 619 27,906 13. 004 1890 or earlier. 686,607 1,677,972 1,433,180 836,626 98,320 42,792 121,484 169,212 346,322 39,234 36,674 20, 410 409,113 65,646 115,630 907,939 226,029 444,004 248,315 71,918 511,537 305,283 298,127 288,434 156, 614 113,213 58,922 61,727 Year un- known. 1,318,959 84,527 341,627 301,400 239,013 54,770 18,903 93,893 64,739 120,087 16,381 6,032 3,613 30, 436 12,190 15,875 163,257 54,091 124,279 67,011 23,918 108, 463 63,321 58,687 57,519 47,457 37,682 25, 189 16,063 1906- 1910 1901- 1906 21.0 21.4 24.4 18.9 13.6 24,1 12.6 19.6 24.4 20.1 20.6 22.9 22.6 20.8 20.9 23.0 16.6 16.4 20.2 14.2 11.3 17.1 11.2 13.6 15.8 16.4 15.0 13.6 14.4 16.1 16.9 18.6 23.3 20.1 23. 7| 18.7 26.9 21.1 24.0 22.3 20.2 16.2 11.8 12.8 11.1 16.6 15.6 12.2 16.4 12.7 16.2 12.1 9.6 12.3 7.7 12.4 18.1 11.3 1900 ear- lier. 62.3 62.3 66.4 67.0 75.1 58.8 76.1 66.9 59.7 63.6 64.6 63.4 63.1 63.1 62.1 68.5 66.5 57.6 62.0 65.1 63.6 71.8 78.7 74.9 81.3 71.0 66.3 76.5 division and state. W. N. Cen.— Con. Nebraska £Iansas South Atlantic: Delaware Maryland Dist. of Columbia Virginia West Virginia... North Carolina.. South Carolina.. Georgia Florida E. S. Central: Kentucky Tennessee Alabama Mississippi W. S. Central: Arkansas Louisiana Oklahoma Texas Mountain: Montana Idaho Wyoming Colorado New Mexico Arizona Utah Nevada Pacific: Washington Oregon Calllomia YEAR or immigration. 1908- Apr. 15, 1910 19,726 17,206 3,197 14,061 2,837 4,494 22,623 918 642 1,822 .6,290 2,977 1,878 2,673 1,059 1,277 4,188 4,410 39,982 20,290 6,731 7,829 22,095 6,027 13,676 10,493 3,820 43,444 18, 772 86/644 1901- 1906 12,738 9,123 2,482 13,296 2,494 3,327 10,869 576 536 1,746 i,' — 2,194 1,800 2,479 1,168 1,704 5,671 3,082 24,239 12,936 4,448 4,783 16,678 3,002 7,566 6,650 2,863 35,450 13,040 72,778 1891- 1900 18,113 11,330 2,608 16,298 3,203 3,793 5,818 713 664 ■ 2,112 5,123 3,285 2,069 2,379 1,201 1,789 8,720 4,452 33,968 15,358 4,821 3,826 19,944 3,166 6,895 6,657 ;2,416 33,917 13, 178 77,816 1890 or earlier. 99,686 68,030 5 ' 45! 516 10,266 8,. — 9,794 1,778 2,205 5,067 9,126 24,556 8,152 6,821 3,263 7,509 18,260 16,609 79,106 30,303 16,662 7,945 51,408 6,162 10,516 29,320 6,906 85,031 40,622 220,669 Year un- known. 25,602 29,501 3,147 15,003 5,562 6,421 7,968 1,957 2,017 4,326 8,370 7,041 4,660 4,604 2, — 4, 15,043 11,531 62,689 12,757 7,775 2,736 16,726 4,298 8,181 10,273 1,994 43,355 17,389 59,343 1906- 1910 1901- 1905 13.1 16.3 22,4 15,8 15,1 22,2 46,1 23,0 15,9 17,0 24,7 9,0 13,5 18,6 15,8 10. 11,4 15,4 22,6 25.7 20.6 32.1 20.1 32.8 35.4 19,8 22,0 21,9 18,9 8.5 8.6 17.4 14,9 13.3 16.5 22.1 14.5 13.3 16.2 19.4 6,6 13,0 17.3 17.6 13.9 15.2 10.8 13.7 16.4 13.6 19.6 15.1 16.4 19.6 12.6 17.9 17.9 15.2 15,9 1900 ear- lier. 78.4 75.1 60,2 69.3 71. e 61,3 31,8 62, & 70,8 66,8 55.9 84.3- 73.5. 64.1 66.7 75.7 73.4 73.8 63.8 57, » 65.8 48.3 64. S 50. S 45.1 67,7 58,2 60.1 62,8 05.2 I Percentages based only on the number tor whom the year of immigration was reported. Marked differences appear among the geographic divisions with respect to the relative importance of recent and earlier immigrants in the present foreign- born population. Designating persons who came to the United States after January 1, 1901, as recent arrivals, and those who came before that date as earlier arrivals, it will be seen that in the United States as a whole the recent arrivals formed 37.7 per cent of the total number of foreign-born whites for whom the year of arrival was reported. In the Middle Atlantic division, however, they represented 44.6 per cent of the total, in the South Atlantic division 41.2 per cent, and in the Mountain division 40.3 per cent. On the other hand, in the West North Central division the newcomers constituted only 24.9 per cent of the total foreign-born white population, and in the East South Central only 23.9 per cent.' '■ Since these percentages are based upon the figures for those who reported the year of immigration, they are, of course, subject to a certain margin of error because of the fact that the considerable number of persons who failed to report the year of immigration may have been differently distributed as regards the time of arrival; but beyond question they bring out substantially the true con- ditions in the several geographic divisions. DATE OF IMMIGRATION OF FOREIGN BORN. 217 Another method of showing the difference between the recent arrivals and the earlier with respect to the sections of the country in which they have settled is by means of percentages, distributing among the geo- graphic divisions the total number reported as having arrived within a given period of time. Such per- centages, derived from Table 2, are shown ia Table 3. Table 3 divisi6n of residence. PEE CENT DISTRIBUTION OF TOTAL NUMBER OF FOEEIGN-BOEN WHITES WHO AEBWED DURING THE TEAKS— 1906- Apr. 16, 1910 1901- 1906 1891- 1900 1890 or earlier. Year un- Imown. XTnlted States . 100. e 14.6 43.3 20.6 7.4 2.2 0.3 2.0 3.6 5.9 100.0 14.2 45.3 19.6 7.8 2.0 0.4 1.7 2.0 6.1 100.0 17.8 41.2 19.1 8.9 1.8 0.4 2.2 2.9 5.7 100.0 12.9 29.8 27.0 15.8 1.9 0.8 2.3 3.0 6.5 100 6.4 Middle Atlantic East North Central West North Central 18.1 East South Central 1 4 Mountain 4 9 Pacific The recent arrivals have largely concentrated ia the three northeastern geographic divisions — the New Eng- land, the Middle Atlantic, and the East North Central — principally in the Middle Atlantic. Of the foreign- born whites enumerated in 1910 who reported arrival after January 1, 1906, 43.3 per cent were in the Middle Atlantic division, 20.6 per cent in the East North Central division, and 14.6 per cent ia New England, leaviag only 21.4 per cent in aU the rest of the country. The distribution of those who reported arrival between 1901 and 1905 was substantially the same, and that of those earlier immigrants who arrived from 1891 to 1900 was not very different. On the other hand, of those who had arrived in 1890 or earlier, only 29.8 per cent were in the Middle Atlantic division and 12.9 per cent in the New England division. The pro- portion of this class residing ia the East North Central division (27 per cent), however, was much larger than the proportion of the more recent immigrants residing in that division. The West North Central division contained 15.8 per cent of those who reported arrival in 1890 or earlier, while only 7.4 per cent of those who arrived after January 1, 1906, were ia that division. To facilitate comparison between the recent ar- rivals and the earlier, the foreign-bom whites ia each geographic division and state who failed to report the date of arrival have been distributed by estimates as haviag arrived, respectively, before and after January 1, 1901. The estimates are made in the manner al- ready explaiaed in connection with Table 1, page 215. The results are shown in Table 4. FOREIGN-BORN WHITE POPULATION IN 1910, DISTRIBUTED (PARTLY BY ESTIMATES) AS ARRIVING BEFORE OR AFTER JANUARY 1, 1901, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES. Table 4 DIVISION AND STATE. TTnlted States . . . Geographic divisions: New England Middle Atlantic East North Central. West North Central South Atlantic East South Central - West South Central Mountain Pacific New Enqlaitd: Maine New Hampshire Vermont Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut Middle Atlantic: New York New Jersey Pennsylvania East North Central: Ohio Indiana Tllinois Michigan Wisconsin West North Central; Minnesota Iowa Missouri North Dakota South Dakota Total foreign-born white: 1910 13,345,S4S 1,814,386 4,826,179 3,067,220 1,613,231 290,555 86,857 348,759 436,910 861,448 110, 133 96, 558 49,861 ,051,050 178,025 328, 759 1,729,272 658, 188 ,438,719 597,245 159, 322 , 202, 560 595, 524 512,569 543,010 273,484 228,896 156, 158 100,628 ESTIMATED NUMBER WHO ARRIVED IN THE UNITED STATES— Before Jan. 1, 1901. 8,345,447 1,129,913 2,670,407 2,054,803 1,211,646 171, 612 65,768 233,452 260,936 646,910 71,073 61,243 31,452 663,212 110, 626 192,307 1,543,224 379, 144 748,039 355,912 103,697 764, 716 427,328 403,150 406,782 222,328 162,600 103,527 77,027 Between Jan. 1, 1901, and Apr. 15,1910. Number. 5,000,098 684,473 2,155,772 1,012,417 401,585 118,943 21,089 115,307 175,974 314, 538 39,060 35,316 18,409 387, 838 67,399 136, 452 1,186,048 279,044 241,333 55,625 437,844 168, 196 109,419 136,228 51, 156 66,296 52,631 23,601 Per cent. 37.7 44.7 33.0 24.9 40.9 24.3 33.1 40.3 36.5 35.5 36.6 36.9 36.9 37.9 41.5 43.5 42.4 48.0 40.4 34.9 36.4 28.2 21.3 ,25.1 18.7 29.0 33.7 23.5 DIVISION AND STATE. West Noeth Central— Contd Nebraska Kansas South Atlantic: Delaware Maryland District of Columbia Virginia West Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Florida East South Central: Kentucky Tennessee Alabama Mississippi West South Central: Arkansas Louisiana Oklahoma Texas Mountain: Montana Idaho Wyoming Colorado New Mexico Arizona Utah Nevada Pacific; Washington Oregon California Total . foreign-bom white: 1910 175, 866 135,190 17,420 104, 174 24,351 26,628 57,072 5,942 6,054 15,072 33,842 40,053 18,459 18,956 9,389 16,909 51, 782 40,084 239,984 91,644 40,427 27, 118 126,8.51 22,654 46,824 63, 393 17,999 241, 197 103,001 517, 250 ESTIMATED NUMBER WHO ARRIVED IN THE UNITED STATES — Before Jan. 1, 1901. Between Jan. 1,1901, and Apr. 15, 1910. 137,870 101,512 10,489 72,214 17,442 16,322 18,145 3,714 4,287 10,068 18,931 33,779 13,574 12,151 6.264 12,804 38,027 29, 566 153, 055 33,045 26,586 13, 091 82, 189 11,511 21,097 42,934 10,483 145,014 64,728 337, 168 Number. 37,995 33,678 6,931 31,960 6,909 10,306 38,927 2,228 1,767 5,004 14,911 6,274 4,885 6,805 3,125 4,105 13,755 10,518 38,599 13,841 14,027 44,662 11,143 25,727 20,459 7,516 96,183 38,273 180,082 Per cent. 21.6 24.9 39.8 30.7 28.4 38.7 68.2 37.5 29.2 33.2 44.1 15.7 26.5 35.9 33.3 24.3 26.6 26.2 36.2 42.1 34.2 51.7 3.5.2 49.2 54.9 32.3 41.8 39.9 37.2 34.8 Urban and rural communities. — Table 5 distributes the foreign-born white population in the urban and rural communities, respectively, of each geographic division according to the time of arrival in the United States. This table shows that the more recent arrivals have more generally gone to urban communities than the earlier ones. In 1910, of the foreign-bom whites in urban communities who reported the year of immigra- tion, 39.8 percent had arrived after January 1, 1901; of 218 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. those in rural conmmnities only 31.7 per cent. Of the 4,528,926 foreign-bom whites who reported arrival after January 1, 1901, 3,514,756, or 77.6 per cent, resided in urban communities, and only 1,014,170, or 22.4 per cent, in riu-al communities; while of the 5,302,515 who reported arrival in 1890 or earher, 3,611,131, or 68.1 per cent, resided in urban communities, and 1,691,384, or 31.9 per cent, in rural communities. Table 5 TTnited States . New England Middle Atlantic East North Central. West North Central South Atlantic East South Central. West South Central Mountain Pacific POREIQN-BOEN WHITE IN 1910, CLASSUIED ACCOBDINQ TO TEAK OP IMMIGBATION. Urban communities. Year of immigration. 1906- Apr. 15, 1910 1.945,819 346,817 904,753 435,287 94,803 29,128 5,431 17,679 27,918 84,003 1901- 1905 1,668, 265, 770, 316, 74, 25, 4, 14, 22, 75, 1891- 1900 1,701,911 363,899 783,663 319,051 75,312 29,612 6,261 19, 112 26, 195 78,806 1890 or earUer. 3,611,131 630,398 1,333,461 929,710 287,948 70, 665 29,694 46,716 70,540 211,999 Year un- known. 807,871 70,060 257,157 188,306 99,449 36,546 11,624 39,079 26,678 78,672 Per cent.' 1906- 1910 22.0 21.6 23.9 21.8 17.8 18.8 11.7 18.1 19.0 18.7 1901- 1905 17.8 16.5 20.3 15.8 13.9 16.6 10.6 14.6 15.0 16.7 1900 or ear- lier. 60.2 61.9 55.8 62.4 68.3 64.6 77.6 67.4 66.0 Piiral communities. Year of immigration. 1906- Apr. 15, 1910 583,102 22,625 191,025 86,721 91, 741 27,756 3,156 32, 178 63,043 64,857 1901- 1905 431,068 17,830 136,011 75,005 81,499 14,454 2,719 20,374 36,916 46,260 1891- 1900 493,234 26,665 120,685 99,639 120,053 10,710 2,673 29,817 36,887 46,106 1890 or earlier. 1,691,384 56,209 244,611 503,470 548,678 27,656 13,098 74,768 88,672 134,323 Year im- known. 611,388 14,467 84,470 113,094 139,564 IB, 224 7,279 54,814 38,061 41,416 Per cent.i 1906- 1910 18.2 18.3 27.6 11.3 10.9 34.4 14.6 20.6 28.0 1901- 1905 13.5 14.5 19.6 9.8 9.7 17.9 12.6 13.0 16.4 15.9 1900 ear- lier. 68.3 67.2 62.8 78.9 79.4 47.6 72.9 66.6 55.7 61.9 1 Percentages based only on the number for whom the year of immigration was reported. Principal cities. — Table 6 distributes the foreign- bom whites of each city of 100,000 inhabitants or more, as enumerated at the census of 1910, according to the time of arrival in the United States. Very marked differences appear among the cities with re- spect to the proportions of the more recent and the earUer arrivals. In New York City 23.6 per cent of those who reported specifically the year of arrival had arrived between January 1, 1906, and the date of enu- meration in 1910; 22 percent between 1901 and 1905; and 54.4 per cent in 1900 or earlier. In New Orleans, on the other hand, only 9.9 per cent reported arrival between 1906 and 1910, while 78.6 per cent reported arrival in 1900 or earUer. FOREIGN-BORN WHITE POPULATION, BY YEAR OF ARRIVAL IN THE UNITED STATES, 100,000 INHABITANTS OR MORE: 1910. FOR CITIES HAVING Table 6 CITY. YEAR OP IMHIGBATION. 1906- Apr. 15, 1910 1901- 1905 1891- 1900 1890 Year un- known 1906- 1910 1901- 1905 1900 or ear- lier. 1906- Apr. 15, 1910 YEAR OF IMMIGRATION. 1901- 1905 1891- 1900 1890 or earlier. Year un- known 1906- 1910 1901- 1905 1900 or ear- lier. Albany, N.Y Atlanta, Ga Baltimore, Md Birmingham, Ala Boston, Mass Bridgeport, Conn Buffalo, N.Y Cambridge, Mass Chicago, 111 Cincinnati, Ohio Cleveland, Ohio Columbus, Ohio Dayton, Ohio Denver, Colo Detroit, Mich Fall Ei ver. Mass Grand Rapids, Mich. Indianapolis, Ind Jersey City, N. J Kansas City, Mo Los Angeles, Cal Louisville, Ky Lowell, Mass Memphis, Tenn Milwaukee, Wis 2,501 646 10,421 941 43,852 9,080 17, 758 6,163 161,210 9,633 48,081 2,615 3,744 4, •"" 38,044 9,636 3,997 3,428 14, 457 8,925 1,367 9,854 783 19,528 2,010 561 10,630 714 40, 332 6,973 13,869 5,516 130,018 5,r" 1,639 1,781 4,467 23, 594 7,711 3,143 1,955 11,831 2,740 9,110 1,123 6,070 809 13, 067 2,238 655 12, 820 814 57,037 7,628 19,636 7,'" 132,389 5,464 31, 589 1,541 1,457 6,388 24,144 12, 123 3,872 2,271 13,625 3,078 9,708 1, 9,133 818 14, 632 1,382 32,641 l,i 93,318 11,035 50,266 14,576 310,401 32,685 71,646 6,744 5,783 19, 060 62,649 20,913 13, 520 9,723 31,040 10, 136 24,607 11,046 17,406 2,538 52,322 2,420 1,166 10, 631 1,573 6,183 1,464 16,925 384 47, 199 3,125 5,784 3,846 1,082 4,557 8,134 491 3,803 2,390 6,744 6,284 8,334 2,201 994 1,519 11,917 15.9 19.9 15.7 22.8 18.7 26.2 17.5 18.0 22.0 17.9 25.3 20.2 29.3 13.0 25.6 19.1 16.3 19.7 20.4 16.2 17.1 9.0 23.2 15.8 19.6 12.8 17.3 16.0 17.3 17.2 20.1 13.7 16.1 17.7 11.0 20.3 13.2 14.0 13.0 15.9 15.3 12.8 11.3 16.7 14.4 17.4 7.4 14.3 16.4 13.1 71.3 62.8 68.3 59.9 64.1 53.8 68.9 65.9 60.3 71.1 56.7 74.0 58.5 65.6 70.9 69.0 63.0 69.4 65.5 83,7 62.5 67.8 67.3 Minneapolis, Minn. Nashville, Tenn... New Haven, Conn. New Orleans, La.. New York, N.Y. . Newark, N. J Oakland, Cal Omaha, Nebr Paterson, N.J Philadelphia, Pa. . Pittsburgh, Pa Portland, Oreg Providence, R. I... Richmond, Va Rochester, N.Y... St. Louis, Mo St. Paul, Minn San Francisco, Cal. Soranton, Pa Seattle, Wash Spokane, Wash Syracuse, N. Y Toledo, Ohio Washington, D. C . Worcester, Mass... 11,872 281 8,536 1, 438,743 24,306 5,426 4,626 7,992 72,516 28,851 8,256 15,403 587 12,959 21,335 7,439 18,742 6,598 11,166 3, 6,074 4,024 2,837 10,485 12,971 281 8,382 2,230 407,865 21,069 4,969 3,066 7,111 67, 110 6,235 13,397 456 16,274 6,663 19,262 5,546 9,695 2,861 3,678 3,467 2,494 7,864 12,771 380 9,227 3,596 419,893 21,507 6,045 3,425 9,048 69,094 23,333 6,002 17,325 4'~ 8,9 14,006 7,639 20,812 6,676 9,360 2,901 4,618 4,606 3,203 10, 710 35,812 1,652 14,943 11,582 589,205 38, 215 18,771 12,277 17,953 141,574 15,285 27,321 1,341 24,435 59, 578 28,093 57,5S9 14,542 17,998 7,184 11,632 14,857 10,255 18,015 12,512 1, 8,369 71,997 5,558 1,611 3,674 3,294 32,284 12,007 8,002 2,857 1,202 3,720 14,513 6,690 14,469 2,750 12, 716 4,471 4,779 5,083 6,562 1,418 16.2 10.8 20.8 23.1 15.4 19.8 19.0 20.7 22.5 23.1 21.0 20.4 23.4 19.2 14.9 16.1 20.4 23.2 22.7 23.4 14.9 15.1 22.3 17.7 10.8 20.4 11.5 22.0 20.0 14.1 13.1 16.9 19.2 20.8 17.4 18.2 15.8 16.1 14.6 13.4 16.5 17, 19.9 17.1 14.1 12.9 13.3 16.7 66.2 78.3 58.8 78.6 54.4 56.8 70.5 67.1 64.1 60.1 56.7 69.5 60.8 63.8 60.5 66.2 71.7 67.4 62.5 56.9 60.2 62.5 72.2 71.6 61.0 1 Percentages based only on the number for whom the year of immigration was reported. OlIAPTEE 7. SCHOOL ATTENDANCE AND ILLITEEAOY. Introduction'. — This chapter presents in condensed form the principal statistics relative to school attend- ance and illiteracy obtained at the Thirteenth Census, taken as of April 15, 1910, with comparative figures for prior censuses. Statistics are presented for the states and principal cities of the United States. Alaska, Hawaii, Porto Rico, and other outlying pos- sessions are not included. In the first part of the chapter relatiag to school attendance figures are given for the whole number of persons attending school in 1909-10, but compari- sons with the population are confined to persons from 6 to 20 years of age. A full discussion is given for the United States as a whole for different classes of the population, classified by color or race, nativity, and parentage, by sex, and by age groups, with further ... 1 All other . . . m 1 Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. Of the persons attending school, 90.4 per cent were whites and 9.3 per cent were negroes, the native whites constituting 86.8 per cent of the total. The distri- bution of the white persons attending school among the different nativity and parentage groups differs considerably from the corresponding distribution of the population at large. This difference, however, is not primarily attributable to divergent tendencies with regard to school attendance among these elements of the population, but results largely from differences between the nativity and parentage distribution of the adult white population and that of the white popu- lation of the usual school ages. Persons attending school, classified by sex. — Table 2 shows the distribution by sex of the persons in each color or race, nativity, and parentage group attending school in 1909-10. It shows also the number of males (219) 220 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. to 100 females for the entire number attending school, for those in the age group 6 to 20 years, and for the total population in the group 6 to 20 years. Table 2 PERaONS ATTENDraG SCHOOL, 1909-10. MALES TO 100 FEMALE.S. CLASS OF POPULATION. Male. Female. Among persons attending school. In total mion 6to'20 years of age. All ages. 6 to 20 years of ^e. Total 9,037,656 8,978,836 100.7 100.3 White.. 8,220,847 7,882,607 5,611,901 2,270,706 338,240 783,869 8,058,445 7,745,179 5,498,682 2,246,497 313,266 886,781 102.0 101.8 102.1 101.1 108.0 88.4 101.5 101.4 101.6 100.8 105.6 88.4 101 4 Native 101 Native parentage. . . Foreign or mixed parentage 101.5 99.7 A sUght excess of males appears among the per- sons attending school, there being 100.7 males to each 100 females. This excess of males is found in all of the groups given in the table, except in the case of the negroes, where the females considerably outnumbered the males. For the persons 6 to 20 years of age attending school the excess of males was somewhat less than among all persons attending school. This excess corresponded approximately for most of the groups to the excess of males in the total population 6 to 20 years of age. Persons attending school, classified by age groups. — Table, 3 shows the age distribution, by color or race, nativity, and parentage groups, of persons who were reported as attending school. The great majority of persons attending school are between the ages of 6 and 20 years, inclusive, which correspond precisely to the limits of school age as de- fined by the laws of many states, and approximately to the limits established in most other states. Of the total number of persons attending school in 1909-10, 17,300,204, or 96.1 per cent, were between 6 and 20 years of age, inclusive, while only 2.2 per cent were under 6 and only 1.7 per cent were over 21. The group 6 to 9 years of age included 31.5 per cent of all persons attending school; the group from 10 to 14 years included 44.6 per cent; and the group from 15 to 20 years included 20 per cent. It may be noted that the age periods indicated are not of equal length, the first including four years; the second, five; and the third, six. In this and other tables percentages are given for the age groups 15 to 17 years and 18 to 20 years, but for economy of space the absolute figures on which percentages are based have been omitted from some of the other tables. The age distribution of the persons attending school does not vary greatly among the principal race, nativity, and parentage groups shown in Table 3. Among the native whites of native parentage the percentage who were from 15 to 20 years of age was noticeably larger than among the foreign-born whites or the native whites of foreign or mixed parentage. On the other hand, the proportion of the foreign-born whites who were over 20 years of age was much higher than" the corresponding propoi'tion among the native white classes. Table 3 PERSONS ATTENDING SCHOOL, 1909-10. ' All classes. White. AGE PERIOD. Total. Native. Foreign bom. Negro. Total. Native parentage. Foreign or mixed parentage. Number. Per cent of total. Number. Per cent of total. Number. Per cent of total. Ninnber. Per centol total. Number. Per cent of total. Number. Per cent of total. Number. Per cental total. Total 18,009,891 100.0 16,279,292 100.0 15,627,786 100.0 11,110,683 100.0 4,617,203 100.0 651,606 100.0 1,670,660 100 Under 6 vears 396,431 5,678,320 8,028,662 3,593,222 2,748,386 844,836 313, 256 2.2 31.6 44.6 20.0 15.3 4.7 1.7 366,800 5,174,347 7,212,607 3,237,762 2,473,283 764,479 287,776 2.3 31.8 44.3 19.9 15.2 4.7 1.8 356,355 4,981,031 6,904,115 3,135,123 2,400,268 734,866 252,162 2.3 31.9 44.2 20.1 15.4 4.7 1.6 217, 189 3,477,957 4,827,471 2,395,763 1,809,055 586,708 192,203 2.0 31.3 4.3.4 21.6 16.3 5.3 1.7 138, 166 1,503,074 2,076,644 739,360 591,213 148, 147 59,959 3.1 33.3 46.0 16.4 13.1 3.3 1.3 11,445 193,316 308,492 102,639 73,015 29,624 35,614 1.8 29.7 47.4 16.8 11.2 4.5 5.5 28,560 488,954 791,995 338,750 264,005 74,746 22,391 ■ 1 7 G to 9 years 29 3 10 to 14 years 47.4 15 to 17 years 15.8 21 years and over 1.3 Percentage attending school, by age groups. — Some of the most significant information to be derived from statistics of school attendance is obtained by compar- ing the number of persons of a given group attending school with the total number of persons in that group, and thus showing the proportion of school attendance. Inasmuch as school attendance is not customary among persons under 6 or over 20 years of age, comparisons of this character are in general best confined to persons from 6 to 20 years of age. Table 4 shows, by age groups, for the United States as a whole, the proportion of the entire population who attended school in 1909-10. Persons reported as attending school constituted 19.6 per cent of the total population of the country. For persons under 6 years of age the proportion at- tending school was only 3.1 per cent, and for persons of 21 and over only 0.6 per cent. The total number of persons between the ages of 6 and 20 years, in- clusive, in 1910 was 27,750,599, of which number SCHOOL ATTENDANCE. 221 17,300,204, or 62.3 per cent, attended school at some time between September 1, 1909, and April 15, 1910. Table 4 AGE PERIOD. Total Under 6 years 6 to 20 years 6 to 9 years 10 to 14 years...! 16 to 20 years 15 to 17 years 18 to 20 years 21 years and over Population: 1910 91,972,266 12,666,762 27,750,699 7,725,234 9, 107, 140 10,918,225 6,372,176 5,546,049 51, 664, 905 PERSONS ATTENDING SCHOOL, 1909-10. Number. Percent. 18,009,891 396, 431 17,300,204 5,678,320 8,028,662 3,693,222 2,748,386 844,836 313,256 19.6 3.1 62.3 73.5 88.2 32.9 61.2 15.2 0.6 School attendance is much more common between the ages of 6 and 14 years than during the later years of youth. It is most common between the ages of 8 and 13, inclusive. Compulsory school attendance laws, which in 1910 existed in all but 7 of the states of the Union, seldom require attendance beyond the age of 14, and many children after reaching that age drop out of school. School attendance is never re- quired by law before the age of 7 years and in the ma- jority of states not before 8 years, although a con- siderable proportion of children of 6 and a still larger proportion of those of 7 usually attend school, es- pecially in cities. Hence the proportion of school attendance for the group 10 to 14 years (88.2 per cent) was considerably higher than that for the age group 6 to 9 years (73.5 per cent), and very much higher than that for the age group 15 to 20 years (32.9 per cent). Table S CLASS OF POPULATION AND SEX. Total Male Female White Male Female Negro Male Female Indian Chinese Japanese Another Native white Male Female Native parentage Male Female Foreign or mixed par Male Female Foreign-born white Male Female Total number of persons attending school, 1909-10. 18,009,891 9,037,655 8,972,236 16,279,292 8,220,847 8,058,445 1,670,660 783,869 886,781 53,458 3,887 2,512 93 15,627,786 7,882,607 7,746,179 11,110,583 5,611,901 5,498,682 4,617,203 2,270,706 2.246,497 651,506 338,240 313, 266 PERSONS 6 TO 20 YEAES OW AGE. Total number. 27,750,599 13,921,694 13,825,905 17,300,204 8,661,846 8,638,358 24,220,868 12, 195, 148 12,025,720 3,422,157 1,670,979 1,761,178 94,529 6,978 6,715 352 22,678, 11,393 11,284! 16,007, 8,062, 7,944, 6,671, 3,331, 3,340, 1,542,043 801,208 740,836 Attending school. Number. 15,624,716 7,872,132 7,762,584 1,619,699 759,813 859,886 51,043 3,263 1,427 56 16,020,269 7,561,644 7,468,626 10,701,191 5,393,744 5,307,447 4,319,078 2,167,900 2,161,178 604,447 310,488 293,959 Per cent. 62.3 62.2 62.5 64.5 64.6 64.5 47.3 45.5 49.1 54.0 46.8 25.0 15.9 66.2 66.4 66.1 66.9 66.9 66.8 64.7 65.1 64.4 6 TO TEARS OF AGE. Total number. 7,726,234 3,896,287 3,828,947 6,703,748 3,388,433 3,316,315 990,850 492,466 498,384 28,907 966 764 6,462,309 3,261,604 3,190,706 4,622,327 2,340,830 2,281,497 1,829,982 920,774 909,208 261,439 126,829 124,610 Attending school. , Number. 5,678,320 2,856,580 2,821,740 5,174,347 2,611,957 2,562,390 488,964 237, 162 251,792 13,984 604 4,981,031 2,514,191 2,466,840 3,477,957 1,767,061 1,720,906 1,503,074 757,140 745,934 193,316 97,766 95,650 Per cent. 73.5 73.3 73.7 77.2 77.1 77.3 49.3 48.2 60.6 48.4 63.2 66.8 (') 77.2 77.1 77.3 75.2 75.1 75.4 82.1 82.2 82.0 76.9 77.1 76.7 PERSONS 10 TO 14 TEARS OP AGE. Total number. 9,107,140 4,661,763 4,505,387 7,918,408 4,006,104 3,912,304 1,155,266 578,074 577,192 31,393 1,575 477 21 7,660,078 3,824,801 3,735,277 5,324,283 2,700,666 2,623,627 2,236,796 1,124,145 1,111,650 368,330 181,303 177,027 Attending school. Number. 4,036,105 3,992,557 7,212,607 3,643,988 3,668,619 791,996 379,486 412,509 22,446 1,221 375 18 6,904,116 3,486,397 3,417,718 4,827,471 2,439,654 2,387,917 2,076,644 1,046,843 1,029,801 308,492 167,691 160,901 Per cent. 88. 87.7 88.6 91.1 91.0 91.2 68.6 65.6 71.5 71.5 77.5 78.6 (') 91.3 91.2 91.5 90.7 90.3 91.0 92.9 93.1 92.6 86.1 86.9 85.2 10,918,225 6,426,654 6,491,671 PERSONS 15 TO 20 TEARS OP AGE. Total number. 9,598,712 4,800,611 4,798,101 1,276,041 600,439 675,602 34,229 4,447 4,474 322 8,666,438 4,307,535 4,368,903 6,060,783 3,021,364 3,039,419 2,605,656 1,286,171 1,319,484 932,274 493,076 Attending school. Number. 3,693,222 1,769,161 1,824,061 3,237,762 1,616,187 1,621,675 338,750 143,166 196,585 14,613 1,' 626 33 3,135,123 1,661,066 1,574,067 2,396,763 1,197,139 1,198,624 739,360 363,917 375,443 102,639 65,131 47,508 Per cent. 32.9 32.6 33.2 33.7 33.7 33 26.5 23.8 42.7 32.3 14.0 10.2 36.2 36.2 36.1 39.5 39.6 39.4 28.4 28.3 28.5 11.0 11.2 10.8 OTHERS ATTEND- ING SCHOOL. Under 6 years of age. 396,431 196,572 199,859 368,800 182,602 184,198 28,660 13,452 15,108 962 64 45 366,365 176,820 178,635 217,189 107,768 109,421 138,166 69,052 69,114 11, «5 5,782 5, 21yeais ofage and over. 313,266 179,237 134,019 287,776 166, 113 121,663 22,391 10,604 11,787 1,453 560 1,040 36 252,162 144,143 108,019 192,203 110,389 81,814 69,959 33,764 26,205 35,614 21,970 13,644 1 Per cent not shown where base is less than 100. Percentage attending school, by color or race, nativity, and parentage. — Table 5 shows thenumber and percent- age of the population who attended school in 1909-10 by age groups, and b}^ race, nativity, and parentage, and by sex. Table 6 summarizes the percentages. Table 6 PER CENT OF POPULATION ATTENDING SCHOOL, 1909-10. CLASS OF POPULATION. 6to20 years ofage. 6 to 9 years ofage. 10 to 14 years ofage. 15 to 20 years of age. Total. 13 to 17 years ofage. 18 to 20 years ofage. Total 62.3 73.5 88.2 32.9 51.2 15.2 White 64.6 66.2 66.9 64.7 39.2 47.3 77.2 77.2 75.2 82.1 76.9 49.3 91.1 91.3 90.7 92.9 86.1 68.0 33.7 36.2 39.5 28.4 11.0 26.3 52.4 54.3 58.9 43.8 24.8 41.5 1.5.7 Native 17.3 Native parentage . . - 19.6 Foreign or mixed parentage. 11.8 4.6 Negro 11.7 For the entire group comprising persons from 6 to 20 years of age, the native whites of native parentage showed a higher percentage of persons attending school (66.9) tjian any other class of the population, though not very much higher than the native whites of foreign or mixed parentage. The percentages shown by the foreign-born whites (39.2) and by the negroes (47.3) were much lower. Marked differences appear in some of the minor age groups. For children from 6 to 9 years of age the highest percentage of school attend- ance was among the native whites of foreign or mixed parentage ; and even for the foreign-born whites the per- centage was higher than for the native whites of native parentage. These elements of the foreign stock hve more largely in urban communities, where the pro- portion of young children attending school is rela- tively high, than do the native whites of purely native parentage. For children from 10 to 14 years of age 222 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. also the highest percentage attending school was found among the native whites of foreign or mixed parent- age. On the other hand, ui the group from 15 to 20 years of age the proportion of school attendance was much higher among native whites of native pa- rentage than among native whites of foreign or mixed parentage, while for the latter in turn it was very- much higher than for the foreign-bom whites. The low proportion of foreign-bom whites from 15 to 20 years of age attending school results in part from the fact that very many children leave school as soon as the law permits, and in part from the fact that immi- gration swells the number of persons in this age group, bringing in large numbers who are beyond the age limits of compulsory school attendance, and who for this reason never attend school in the United States. In all of the age groups the percentage of school attend- ance among the negroes was materially lower than among the native whites of native parentage. Percentage attending school, by sex. — Table 7 shows, by age groups and by classes of population, for males and females, respectively, the percentage who attended school in 1909-10. Table 7 PER CENT OF POPULATION ATTENDING SCHOOL, 1909-10. CLASS or POPULATION. 6 to 20 years of age. 6 to 9 years of age. 10 to 14 years of age. 15 to 20 years of age. Male. Fe- male. Male. Fe- male. Male. Fe- male. Male. Fe- male. Total 62.2 62.5 73.3 73.7 87.7 88.6 32.6 White 64.6 66.4 66.9 66.1 38.8 45.5 64.5 66.1 66.8 64.4 39.7 49,1 77.1 77.1 75.1 82.2 77.1 48.2 77.3 77.3 75.4 82.0 76.7 50.5 91.0 91.2 90.3 93.1 86.9 65.6 91.2 91.5 91.0 92.6 85.2 71.6 33.7 36.2 39.6 28.3 11.2 23.8 33 8 . Native Native parentage Foreign or mixed par. 39.4 28. S Negro 28 9 In general there was comparatively Uttle difference between the two sexes in the percentage of school attendance. For the total population from 6 to 20 years of age the percentage of males attending school was 62.2 and of females 62.5, but in both of the native white groups, which are the largest groups, the proportion for males was slightly higher than that for females, this difference being somewhat more than offset in the total by the higher proportion for females among the foreign-bom whites and among the negroes. The differences in the percentages for males and females in the entire group from 6 to 20 years of age are partly due to differences in the age distribution of the two sexes. Thus, in the case of native whites of native parentage, the percentage of school attendance in 1909-10 was shghtly lower among the males from 6 to 9 years of age and among those from 10 to 14 than among females in these two age groups; but notwith- standing this fact the proportion for the whole group of persons of school age — from 6 to 20 years, inclu- sive — was liigher for males than for females. Percentage attending school in the urban and rural population. — There are somewhat important differ- ences between urban communities and rural districts with respect to school attendance. Table 8 shows the distribution, by age groups, of the persons in the urban and in the rural population, respectively, who were reported as having attended school in 1909-10. The Bureau of the Census classifies as urban population that residing in cities and other incorporated places, of 2,500 inhabitants or more, including New England towns of that population. Table 8 AGE PEKIOD; Total Under 6 years 6 to 9 years 10 to 14 years 15 to 20 years 15 to 17 years. . 18 to 20 years. . 21 years and over. . PERSONS ATTENDING SCHOOL, 1909-10. In urban communities. Number. 7,480,020 212,994 2,442,305 3,326,340 1,330,324 1,003,041 327,283 168,057 Per cent of total. 100.0 2.8 32.7 44.5 17.8 13.4 4.4 2.2 In rural districts. Number. 10,S29,871 183,437 3,236,015 4,702,322 2,262,898 1,745,345 517,553 145,199 Per cent of totel. 100.0 1.7 30.7 44.7 21.5 16.6 4.9 1.4 In general the persons attending school in cities. and villages were younger than those attending school in the rural districts. The differences in this respect are further indicated in Table 9. (For the corresponding absolute numbers see Table 15, pages 229 and 230.) Table 9 AGE PERIOD. S to 20 years, Inclusive . 6 to 9 years 10 to 14 years 15 to 20 years 15 to 17 years 18 to 20 years PER CENT OF POPULATION ATTENDING SCHOOL, 1909-10. In urban communities. Total. 61.6 81.7 91.7 27.1 43.8 12.5 Male. 62.0 81.7 91.8 26.6 42.4 12.5 Fe- male. 61.3 81.7 91.6 27.6 45.2 12.5 In rural districts. Total. 62.9 68.3 86.8 37.6 56.6 17.7 Male. 62.4 68.1 85.1 37.2 55.4 18.0 Fe- male. 63.4 68.6 86.5. 38.1 57.9 17.3. For the entire group, comprising persons from 6 to 20 years of age, the proportion attending school in 1909-10 was slightly higher in rural districts than in urban communities (62.9 per cent as compared with 61.6 per cent). This, however, is due entirely to the fact that for the older children; from 15 to 20 years of age, the percentage attending school in the rural dis- tricts was much the higher. For children from 6 to 9 years of age the percentage was much higher, and for those from 10 to 14 considerably higher, in the urban than in the rural population. The distance of the schools from the homes often precludes the attend- ance of young children in rural districts, while, on the other hand, school attendance for at least a part of the year conflicts less with the industrial activity of the older children in rural than in urban communities. For the entire group of persons from 6 to 20 years of age, inclusive, the proportion of school attendance was slightly higher among males than among females • SCHOOL ATTENDANCE. 223 iia urban communities, but slightly tbe higher among females in the rural districts. Table 10 shows, for the several color or race, nativ- ity, and parentage classes, the proportion of the urban and of the rural population in the different age groups attending school. Table 10 ACE PERIOD. 6 to 20 yeai8, inclusive 6 to 9 years 10 to 14 years. . . 15 to 20 years 15 to 17 years 18 to 20 years PEB CENT OF POPULATION- ATTENDING SCHOOL, 190»-10. AU 61.6 81.7 91.7 27.1 43.8 12.5 68.3 85.8 37.6 56.6 17.7 Native wliite. Total. 1.1 82.9 30.6 46.5 14.8 67.1 73.3 1.890.3 40.7 60.2 19.4 Native parent- age. 66.9 81.5 92.7 34.6 52.6 17.7 P5 67.3 72.5 i.7 42.3 62. 20. Foreign or mixed parent- age. 64.2 84.6 92.9 25.6 .39.4 10.9 66.8 77.6 92.8 33.7 51.9 13.6 Foreign' bom wliite. 39.8 5 88.3 11.0 24.2 4.S 66.3 78.9 11.0 27.1 3.9 Negro. 61.7 66.2 80. 22.6 39.3 9.0 1.1 46.5 65.6 27.9 42.1 12.7 For all persons of school age the proportion of school attendance among native whites both of native parentage and of foreign or mixed parentage was somewhat higher in rural districts than in urban com- munities, but among the foreign-bom whites and the negroes the percentage was materially higher ia the urban communities. DIVISIONS AND STATES: 1909-10. Number and percentage attending school, by age groups. — ^Table 11, on page 224, shows by divisions and states the number of persons attending school distributed by age groups, together with the total population in the principal age groups. Comparing the geographic divisions, it appears that for the entire group of persons 6 to 20 years of age the proportion attending school was lowest in the South Atlantic division, where 56.7 per cent attended school ia 1909-10, and highest in the West North Central division, where 67.9 per cent attended school. In the group from 6 to 9 years of age the variation among the divisions was more marked, the proportion ranging from 56.9 per cent ia the West South Central division to 89.3 per cent in the New England division. In each of the four northern divisions more than four- fifths of the children of this age attended school, in each of the threo southern divisions about three-fifths, and in the two western divisions about three-fourths. In the age group showiag the maximum school attendance — that comprising children from 10 to 14 yealirs of age — the proportion attending school was, in the three southern divisions, about four-fifths, and ia the northern and western divisions over niae-tenths, with a maximum of 94.1 per cent in the New England and Pacific divisions. Among persons from 15 to 20 years of age the proportion attending school was lowest (26.2 per cent) ia the Middle Atlantic division. In the New England and East North Central divisions also less than one-third of the persons of these ages were reported as attending school, but ia all other divisions of the country the proportion was more than one-third, the maximum (40.5 per cent) being in the Mountain division. Persons 6 to 20 years of age attending school. — ^Table 12, page 225, shows the total number of males and of females from 6 to 20 years of age, with the number and percentage attending school, by divisions and states. The United States as a whole and aU but two of the divisions show a slightly larger proportion of girls than of boys attending school. The exceptions are the Middle Atlantic and East North Central divisions, where the proportion of boys attending school was slightly larger than that of girls. The color or race, nativity, and parentage distribu- tion of the population from 6 to 20 years of age, with the number and percentage reported as attending school in 1909-10, is shown by divisions and states in Table 13, page 227. In every division the proportion of persons attend- ing school was higher among the native whites of native parentage than in any other group, native whites of foreign or mixed parentage, negroes, and foreign-born whites following in the order named. The variation among the divisions in the proportion of the native whites of native parentage from 6 to 20 years of age attending school was comparatively slight; the maximum proportion (72.2 per cent) was in the New England division, and the minimum (62.8 per cent) ia the South Atlantic division. The maxi- mum proportion for the native whites of foreign or mixed parentage (69.3 per cent) was in the New England division, and the minimum (51.8 per cent) in the West South Central division; the next higher per- centage, however, was decidedly above the minimum. The range of variation for the foreign-bom whites and the negroes was also very considerable. Moreover, it may be noted that the divergence between the pro- portion of negroes attending school and that of na- tive whites of native parentage attending school is mdst marked where the negroes are most numerous — in the three southern divisions. 224 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. SCHOOL ATTENDANCE, BY AGE PERIODS, FOR DIVISIONS AND STATES: 1910. Table 11 DIVISION AND STATE. United States . Geogbaphio divisions; New England Middle Atlantic East North Central. . West North Central. South Atlantic East South Central.. West South Central. Mountain Pacific New England: Maine New Hampshire Vermont Massachusetts Ehode Island Connecticut Middle Atlantic: New York New Jersey Pennsylvania East North Central; Ohio Indiana Illinois Michigan.! Wisconsin West North Central: Minnesota Iowa Missouri North Dakota SouthjDakota Nebraska Kansas South Atlantic: Delaware Maryland District of Columbia. Virginia ' West Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Florida East South Central: Kentucky Tennessee Alabama Mississippi West South Central; Arkansas Louisiana Oklahoma Texas Mountain: Montana -. Idaho \yyoming Colorado New Mexico Arizona Utah Nevada Pacific: Washington Oregon California Total number of persons attending school. 18,009,891 1,222,228 3,531,373 3,576,003 2,530,591 2,418,444 1,730,191 1,795,100 505,191 700,770 persons 6 to 20 YEARS OF AGE. Total number. Attending school. 27,760,599 140,831 77,560 70,531 630, 119 96,242 206,955 1,650,863 469,272 1,411,238 529,742 1,064,346 668,926 514,901 462,867 499,272 666,972 121,649 126,903 275,829 378,099 36,330 234,628 54,688 401, 696 267. 411 495, 196 300,359 494, 781 133,355 473, 481 451, 190 396, 845 408, 676 333, 795 257,027 394,201 810, 077 C2, 755 68,603 23,745 153. 412 C6, 717 31,346 88,056 10,557 201,695 121,409 377,666 1,729,112 5,357,256 5,237,043 3,574,334 4,139,769 2,889, 3,057,574 741,754 1,024,418 Number. 17,300,204 1,143,268 3,370,818 3,431,622 2,426,414 2,347,451 1,673,263 1,747,007 487,947 673,414 195,197 111,634 94,701 881,024 148, 102 298,454 2,454,428 708,525 2,194,303 1,313,809 777,889 1,615,914 796,887 732,544 648,775 676,222 993,998 183,336 183,979 373,868 515, 166 57,932 388,486 79,249 697,649 396, 818 785,583 564,260 925,866 243,917 755,709 738,478 760,367 644,806 651,672 575,866 566,323 1,363,713 ; 93, 771 96,819 35,776 215,940 106,403 56,897 121,016 16,132 293,478 175,386 555,554 132,082 73,487 66,845 588,029 90,328 192,497 1,563,374 440,903 1,366,541 Per 66.1 62.9 65.6 67.9 56.7 57.9 57.1 65.8 65.7 67.7 65.8 70.6 66.7 61.0 64.5 63.7 62.2 62.3 PERSONS 6 TO 9 YEARS OP AGE. Total number. 7,735,234 ;,578 66.1 613,623 1,026,053 539, 739 484,629 443,761 469,778 646,866 117,453 122,642 261,219 .35,304 227, 024 60,859 392, 499 259,971 481,450 291,307 480,378 128,659 461, 195 438,547 385,449 461,292 1,439, 1,400,274 976,434 1,205,479 844,021 912,667 215,799 263,848 66.0 63.4 67.7 66.2 68.4 69.6 65.1 64.1 66.7 69.9 70.6 60, 68.4 64.2 56.3 65.6 61.3 51.6 51.9 62.7 61.0 59.4 61.4 388,072 60.2 324,035 248,420 383,816 790,736 60,678 66,779 23,020 147, 626 64,342 30,355 85,006 10, 141 195,259 117,078 361,077 58.7 43 67.8 58.0 64.7 69.0 64.3 68.4 61.0 53.4 70.2 62.9 66.6 66.8 65.0 Attending school. Number. 6,678,320 411, 741 1,194,176 1,173,682 782,550 730,919 507,826 518,846 - 156,870 202,810 62,767 29,556 26,962 234,494 38,262 80,251 637,903 191,940 609,587 347,668 210,676 432,863 217,644 197,633 176,220 182,262 268,612 54,902 62,889 101,502 141,057 15, 181 106,263 20,070 203,367 116,314 232,697 165, 103 274,519 72,076 216,275 212,376 223,852 191,519 165,403 172,563 172,307 402,384 26,978 28, 482 10,232 60,167 32,202 17,180 36,082 4,476 78,943 46,266 139,039 45,023 26,764 22,951 213,229 32,707 72,077 540,228 162,920 491,028 Per 73.6 89.3 83.0 83.5 80.1 60.6 60.2 56.9 72.2 76, 85, 87.1 88.4 90.9 85.5 84.7 84.9 PERSONS 10 TO 14 YEARS OF AGE. Total number. 1,403 84.4 172,348 354,775 184,986 168,070 141, 114 167,887 207,728 38,745 38,804 85,782 112,490 11,186 78, 196 15, 797 109,873 86,019 145,057 85,569 159,012 41,211 143,081 129,733 109,901 125, 111 102,017 79,016 121,850 215,964 20,064 19,862 7, 47,445 20,416 9,657 27, 146 3,391 69,538 33,894 109,378 9,107,140 559,566 1,726,086 1,706,759 1,170,674 1,396,068 969,343 1,016,631 239,610 322,523 81.8 82.0 86.0 86.0 80.5 86.6 77.3 70.6 73.4 84,6 79.7 73.7 73.6 78.7 54.0 73.1 62.4 51.8 67.9 57,2 66.2 61.1 49.1 65.3 61.7 45.8 70.7 63.7 74.4 69.7 77.2 78.9 63.4 66, 76.2 76.8 75.4 74,9 78,3 Attending school. Number. Per cent. 8,028,662 626,430 1,603,348 1,600,841 1,095,810 1,099,070 765,696 817,902 216,222 64,588 36,271 31,451 284,960 47,014 95,272 785,826 228,695 711,565 425,602 255,568 520,956 258,480 246, 154 214,402 222,577 324, 191 69,392 60,021 121,782 168,309 19,308 129,605 24,649 237,563 131,027 266,964 192,406 315,217 80,319 252,906 243,328 253, 196 219,914 179, 879 193,791 186,069 460, 792 29,686 31,902 10,829 ■ 69,688 34,408 18,091 40,070 4,936 92,802 55,776 173,946 88.2 94.1 92.9 93.8 93.6 78.7 79.0 80.5 90.2 94.1 59,651 34,291 30,391 269,200 43,053 89,844 741,542 209,840 651,966 401,235 238,918 482,944 246,721 231,023 205,058 209,118 297, 116 63,478 66,194 116,547 160,299 17,072 111,049 22,978 191, 134 119,057 212,356 138,397 227,732 69,296 213,527 198,741 181,439 171, 989 139,921 121, 130 169, 667 387, 184 26,815 29, 727 9,894 65,123 28, 119 14,034 38,068 4,442 87,681 62,520 163, 142 10,918,226 PERSONS 15 TO 20 YEARS OF AGE. Total number. Number. 708,264 2,191,740 2,124,010 1,427,226 1,638,222 1,075,986 1,128,386 286,345 438,047 94.6 96.6 94.5 91.6 94.3 94, .91.8 91.6 94.3 93.5 92.7 95.5 93.9 96.6 94.0 91.6 90.0 92.0 94.9 95.2 88,4 86.7 93,2 80.5 90.9 79, 71,9 72.2 73.8 84.4 81.7 71.7 78,2 77.8 62.5 91.2 90.3 93.2 91,4 93.4 81.7 77.6 95.0 90,0 94,5 94.2 93. Attending school. Per cent. 205,097 573,294 667,199 547,054 517,462 399,741 410,259 116,855 167,261 77,842 45,807 37,288 361,570 62,826 122,931 1,030,699 287,890 873,151 640,539 311,745 662,106 320,863 288,767 259, 153 270,393 401, 195 69,042 71,069 150,584 205,790 23,443 162, 618 S4,530 256,729 149, 477 287,022 206,761 336, 129 91,523 286,529 282, 775 273,309 233,372 206,390 209,512 207, 947 504,537 37,107 36,436 14,715 86,085 38,793 21,626 44,864 6,720 121,733 74,344 241,970 29.0 26.2 30.9 38.3 33.6 37.2 36.4 40.5 38.2 27,408 13,442 13,503 105,600 14,668 30,676 281,604 68,143 223,547 173,940 102,357 187,334 108,032 85,536 97,589 102,773 142,022 26,230 28,644 69, 890 90,906 7,047 37,779 12,084 91,492 65, 895 124,038 67,341 93,634 28,152 104,587 110,073 94,109 90,972 82,097 48,276 92,299 187,588 13, 799 17,200 6,227 35,058 15,807 6,664 19, 792 2, 48,040 30,664 88,557 35.2 29.3 36.2 29.2 23.2 24.9 27.3 23.7 25.6 32.2 32.8 28.3 33.7 29.6 37.7 38.0 35.4 36.5 40.3 39, 44.2 30.1 24.8 36.0 35.6 37.4 43.2 32.6 27.9 OTHERS ATTENDING SCHOOL. Under 6 years of age. 396,431 67,294 100,028 80,877 65,596 33,673 30,552 21,281 7. 9,762 36.6 38.9 34.4 39.0 39.8 23.0 44.4 37.2 37.2 47.2 35.5 40.7 40.7 30, 44.1 34.3 39.5 41.2 36, 21 years of age and over. 313,266 21,666 60,627 63,504 49,681 37,320 26,376 26,812 9,876 17,694 6,393 2,935 2,768 29,846 3,861 11,492 55,773 21,433 22,822 14,133 5,390 19,085 19,982 22,287 9,463 19,300 7,640 1,799 1,790 9,077 6,527 467 3,665 1,629 3,901 3,544 5,691 4,566 7,863 2,547 6,188 5,409 5,042 14,913 4,324 4, 5,249 6,740 936 632 297 2,483 1,663 490 771 196 1,865 1,109 6,788 2,356 1,128 918 12,246 2,053 2,966 31,716 6,936 21,875 15,377 10,729 20,208 9,205 7,985 9,643 10,194 11,466 2,397 2,471 6,533 7,877 569 4,039 2,300 6,296 3,896 8,C55 4,486 6,540 2,149 7,098 7,234 6,354 5,690 6,436 3,639 5,136 12,601 1,141 1,192 428 3,303 812 601 2,279 220 4,571 3,222 9,801 SCHOOL ATTENDANCE. 225 SCHOOL ATTENDANCE OF MALES AND FEMALES 6 TO 20 YEARS OF AGE, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES: 1910. Table 12 DIVISION AND STATE. United States Geogkaphic divisions: New England Middle Atlantic East North Central. . . West North Central. . South Atlantic East South Central. . . West South Central. . Mountain Pacific New England: Maine New Hampshire Vermont Massachusetts Bhode Island Connecticut Middle Atlantic: New York New Jersey Pennsylvania East Noeth Central: Ohio Indiana Illinois Michigan Wisconsin West Noeth Central: Minnesota Iowa Missouri North Dakota South Dakota Nebraska Kansas Total number. 13,924,694 Attending school. Number. 8,661,846 98,183 66,291 48,328 437,007 74,561 148,714 1,210,638 351,613 1,104,299 660,862 393,088 808,263 403,056 369,820 328,245 341,499 496, 851 94,421 94,669 189,450 261,868 65,875 36,645 33,449 292,237 46,031 96,879 779,624 221,095 686,480 438,348 258,985 516, 724 271,277 244,045 223,610 236,090 324,743 59,876 62,682 131,839 182, 952 Per cent. 62.2 66.0 63.3 65.6 67.6 66.2 57.7 67.0 64.8 64.0 67.1 64.9 69.2 66.9 61.7 64.5 64.4 62.9 62.2 65.9 63.8 67.3 66.0 68.1 69.1 65.4 63.4 66.1 69.6 Total number. 13,625,906 866,028 2,690,806 2,601,954 1,767,331 2,075,167 1,443,100 1,623,364 361,244 . 496,911 97,014 65,343 46,373 444,017 73,541 149,740 1,243,790 357,012 1,090,004 652,947 384,801 807, 661 393,831 362,724 320,530 333,723 497,147 88,915 89, 310 184,418 253,288 Attending school. Number. 8,638,358 66,207 36,942 33,396 296,792 44,297 96,618 783,750 219,808 680,061 430,230 254,638 609,329 268,462 240,584 220,161 233,688 322, 123 67, 677 60,060 129,380 180, 743 Per cent. 62.6 66.2 62.6 65.6 68.1 67.2 68.1 67.2 66.8 67.6 68.2 66.8 72.0 66.6 60.2 64.6 63.0 61.6 62.4 65.9 66.2 63.1 68.2 66.3 68.7 70.0 64.8 64.8 67.2 70.2 71.4 division and state. South Atlantic: Delaware Maryland District ot Columbia. . Virginia West Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Florida East South Central: Kentucky Tennessee Alabama Mississippi West South Central: Arkansas Louisiana Oklahoma Texas Mountain: Montana Idaho Wyoming Colorado New Mexico Arizona Utah Nevada Pacific: Washington Oregon CaUlomia Total number. 29,541 192, 857 38, 275 349,426 203,793 392, 672 279,589 457,136 121,404 380,316 371,988 373,268 320,687 276,480 284,579 288,108 686,043 48,839 60,293 19,223 109,338 53,481 29,496 61,234 8,606 151,467 90,473 285,577 Attending school. Number. 18,113 113,852 24,734 193,494 132, 221 240,630 141,637 233, 136 62,847 232,224 220,124 191,114 191,407 161,770 121,266 196,269 395,761 30,278 34,176 11,676 73,728 33,236 16,472 42,990 5,104 97,993 59,264 180,147 Per cent. 61.3 59.0 64.6 55.4 64.9 61.3 60.7 51.0 51.8 61.1 69.2 51.2 69.7 68.7 42.6 68.1 57.7 62.0 68.0 60.2 67.4 62.1 62.6 70.2 69.3 64.7 65.5 63.1 Total number. 28,391 195,629 40,974 348,224 193,025 393,011 284, 671 468,729 122,613 376,393 366,490 377,099 324, 118 276,192 291,287 278,216 677,670 44,932 46,626 16,553 106,602 61,922 27,401 69,782 7, J 142,021 84,913 269,977 Attending school. Number. 17,191 113,172 26,125 199,005 127, 750 240,820 149,670 247,243 66,812 228,971 218,423 194,335 196,666 162,266 127, 156 187,647 394,975 30,400 32,603 11,446 73,898 31,106 14,883 42,016 5,037 97,266 57,814 180,930 Per cent. 60.6 57.9 63.8 67.1 66.2 61.3 52.6 52.7 53.7 61.0 61.5 60.7 58.8 43.7 67.4 68.3 67.7 70.1 69.1 64.3 70.3 68.6 68.1 67.0 Children 6 to 14 years of age attending school. — Between the ages of 6 and 20 years there are, as already noted, several years of age when school atten- dance is the exception rather than the rule, and when it is wholly voluntary. For children from 8 to 13 years of age, however, school attendance is in most sec- tions of the country obHgatory, and in many sections the age of 7 years is likewise covered by the compulsory school attendance laws. The proportion of school attendance is also high among children 6 years of age, so that for some purposes figures relating to the group comprising children from 6 to 14 years of age, inclusive, are of special value. Such figures are given, by divisions and states, in Table 14, page 228. More than four-fifths (81.4 per cent) of aU the chil- dren from 6 to 14 years of age attended school be- tween September 1, 1909, and AprU 15, 1910. Of the remainder (18.6 per cent), the greater number con- sisted of 6 and 7 year old children who had not yet begun their schooling, and of 14 year old children who had completed their schooling. Considering the different classes of the population, it is clear at a glance that the proportion of the chil- dren from 6 to 14 years of age attending school was greater for the whites than for the negroes. With respect to the whites it may be noted that for chil- 72497°— 13 15 dren in this age group the maximum attendance was among the native whites of foreign or mixed parentage, and the next highest among the native whites of na- tive parentage. The proportion of foreign-born whites attending school was in every division the smallest shown by any of the white elements. In four divi- sions, namely, the New England, Middle Atlantic, East North Central, and West South Central, the native whites of native parentage had the largest proportion of children from 6 to 14 years of age attendiag school, while in the remaining five divisions the largest pro- portion was among the native whites of foreign or mixed parentage. For the native whites of native parentage the pro- portion of children from 6 to 14 years of age attending school varied from about three-fourths in the two South Central divisions to over nine-tenths in the New England division. For the native whites of for- eign or mixed parentage the range of variation was somewhat less for eight of the nine divisions. Unusual conditions appear to have prevailed in the West South Central division with respect to the school attendance of white children of native birth and foreign or mixed parentage, since in that division less than two-thirds of such children were reported as attending school. The figures for the country as a whole show compara- 226 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. tively little difEerence between the proportion of chil- dren from 6 to 14 years of age attending school among the foreign-bom whites and among the native whites of native parentage, though for each division taken separately the percentage for the foreign-born whites was considerably less. Here again the West South Central division occupies an exceptional position, inas- much as it shows less than one-half of the foreign-born white children from 6 to 14 years of age attending school. Except in the Pacific division, where the number of negroes is relatively small, the proportion of negro children attending school was less than that of white children. In the three southern divisions, which con- tain so great a majority of the negroes that they prac- tically determine the average for the United States as a whole, less than three-fifths of the negro children from 6 to 14 years of age were reported as attending school, but the average for the other six divisions was somewhat over five-sixths. Persons attending school in the nrban and rural popn- lation. — School attendance figures for the urban and rural population, classified according to age, sex, and color or race, nativity, and parentage, are shown for 1909-10, by divisions, in Table 15, pages 229 and 230. In the country as a whole, and in every division except two (the West South Central and Mountain divisions), the proportion of the whole number of per- sons from 6 to 20 years of age, inclusive, who were reported as attending school was greater in rural dis- tricts than in urban communities. In every division' the proportion attending school among children from 6 to 9 years of age was larger in the urban popu- lation than in the rural, but in every division the proportion among persons from 15 to 20 years of age was larger in the riu-al population. For the interven- ing age group — 10 to 14 years — the proportion was the larger in urban communities for the country as a whole, for the three southern divisions, and for the Mountain division, and in rural districts for the four northern divisions and the Pacific division. SCHOOL ATTENDANCE. 227 SCHOOL ATTENDANCE OP POPULATION 6 TO 20 YEARS OF AGE, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES: 1910. [Per cent not shown where base is less than 100.] Table 13 DIVISION AND STATE. NATIVE WUITE. >IEG]10. Native parentage. Foreign or mixed par. Total number. Attending school. Total number. Attendnig school. Total number. Attending school. Total number. Attending school. Total number. Attending school. Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. 27,750,599 17,300,204 62.3 16,007,393 10,701,191 66.9 6,671,432 4,319,078 64.7 1,642,043 604,447 39.2 3,422,157 1,619,899 47.5 1,729,112 1,143,268 66.1 666,431 481,480 72.2 803,198 556,736 69.3 243,068 94,322 38.8 16,539 10,201 6S.& 5,357,256 3,370,818 62.9 2,584,645 1,744,091 67.5 1,989,990 1,297,558 65.2 683,873 271,942 39.8 95,194 54,780 57.5 5,237,043 3,431,622 65.5 3,132,328 2,178,099 69.5 1,741,668 1,091,526 62.7 28.3,632 113,445 40.0 72,837 44,462 61. tt 3,574,334 2,425,414 67.9 2,186,678 1,546,055 70.7 1,186,613 783,075 66.0 122,672 50,080 40.8 64,085 37,229 58.1 4,139,759 2,347,451 56.7 2,467,850 1,519,613 62.8 128,778 76,586 69.5 35,687 12,390 34.7 1,604,019 706,974 47.0 2,889,349 1,673,263 57.9 1,883,753 1,191,822 63.3 52,743 31,189 69.1 6,953 2,741 39.4 944,880 447,230 47.3 3,057,574 1,747,007 67.1 2,048,346 1,291,901 63.1 212,966 110,378 51.8 51,160 13, 192 25.8 715,597 312,736 43.7 741,754 487,947 65.8 457,096 317,047 69.4 210,861 143,144 67.9 42,574 16,311 38.3 4,170 2,531 60.7 1,024,418 673,414 65.7 580,366 401,083 69.1 344,615 228,886 66.4 72,424 30,024 41.5 5,836 3,556 60.9 195,197 132,082 67.7 123,853 87,995 71.0 63,962 36,946 68.6 16,740 6,747 40.3 355 224 63.1 111,634 73,487 65.8 52,646 37,974 72.1 43,677 30,091 69.1 15,259 5,334 35.0 138 77 55.8 94,701 66,845 70.6 63,769 46,513 72.9 23,968 16,990 70.9 6,707 3,207 47.8 251 131 52.2 881,024 588,029 66.7 278,717 206,518 73.7 459,778 323,327 70.3 133,312 63,082 39.8 8,797 6,850 66.5 148, 102 90,328 61.0 42,009 29,235 69.6 76,888 49,988 65.0 26,839 9,623 35.9 2,277 1,424 62.6 298,454 192,497 64.5 105,437 74,245 70.4 145,025 99,395 68.5 44,211 16,329 36.9 3,721 2,495 67.1 2,454,428 1,563,374 63.7 963,517 663,316 68.8 1,053,610 709,245 67.3 407,790 174, 186 42.7 27,192 15,192 55.9 708,525 440,903 62.2 302,996 204,166 67.4 294,673 191,544 65.0 88,869 32,242 36.3 21,832 12,892 69.1 2,194,303 1,366,541 62.3 1,318,133 876, 609 66.6 641,707 396,769 61.8 187,214 66,614 36.0 46, 170 26,696 57.8 1,313,809 868,578 66.1 938,676 651,607 69.4 284,375 174,842 61.5 62,828 24,837 39.6 27,830 17,233 61.9 777,889 513,623 66.0 664,781 448,578 67.5 85,074 50,653 59.5 12,327 4,612 37.4 15,560 9,699 62.3 1,615,914 1,026,053 63.4 849,975 586,043 68.8 619,352 379,164 61.2 121,517 46,138 38.0 24,825 14,572 58.7 796,887 539,739 67.7 372,377 268,926 72.2 366,753 243,380 66.5 62,305 23,404 44.7 3,994 2,561 64.1 732,544 484,629 66.2 306,520 223,946 73.1 387,114 243,487 62.9 34,665 14,464 41.7 628 397 63.2 648,775 443,761 68.4 208,907 154,844 74.1 398,336 270,176 67.8 37,049 15,648 42.2 1,189 781 85.7 675,222 469,778 69.6 442,128 321,966 72.8 212,946 139,325 66.4 16,142 6,928 36.7 3,866 2,495 64.5 993,998 646,866 65.1 798,833 53P,506 67.4 135,263 78,296 57.9 18,083 7,189 39.8 41,682 22,794 64.7 183,336 117,453 64.1 53,101 36,715 69.1 106,573 70,332 66.0 21,194 8,906 42.0 103 60 58.3 183,979 122,642 66.7 82,263 57,773 70.2 87,273 58,049 66.5 8,312 3,314 39.9 184 122 66. a 373,868 261,219 69.9 212,985 155,668 73.1 146,432 98,957 67.6 11,571 4,884 42.2 1,512 930 61.5 515,156 363,695 70.6 388,371 280,593 72.2 99,790 67,941 68.1 10,321 4,211 40.8 15,549 10,047 64.6 57,932 35,304 60.9 37,422 23,789 63.6 8,478 5,103 60.2 1,949 592 30.4 10,078 5,815 57.7 388,486 227,024 58.4 245,676 152,360 62.0 57,627 31,698 55.0 11,907 4,618 37.9 73,230 38,417 52.5 79,249 50,859 64.2 43,082 28,724 66.7 10,465 7,079 67.6 2,047 1,018 49.7 23,593 14,000 59.3 697,649 392,499 56.3 440,168 269,380 61.2 11,842 7,464 63.0 3,013 1,247 41.4 242,413 114,346 47.2 396,818 259,971 66.5 355,322 238,897 67.2 14,401 9,093 63.1 8,587 2,158 26.1 18,481 9,806 53.1 785,583 481,450 61.3 615,117 334,471 64.9 2,871 2,017 70.3 715 284 39.7 264,025 143,039 54.2 564,260 291,307 51.6 229,204 137,474 60.0 2,943 1,834 62.3 555 205 36.9 331,429 151,726 45.8 925,865 480,378 51.9 477,530 289,880 60.7 7,209 4,627 64.2 1,596 664 41.6 439,485 185, 191 42.1 243,917 128,659 52.7 124,330 74,638 60.0 12,942 7,671 59.3 5,318 1,704 32.0 101,286 44,634 44.1 755,709 461, 195 61.0 644,497 401,209 62.3 27,178 15, 148 55.7 1,953 766 38.7 81,976 44,060 53.7 738,478 438,547 59.4 563,168 354,091 62.9 10,099 6,466 64.0 1,740 802 46.1 163,397 77,153 47.2 750,357 385,449 51.4 410,331 244,992 69.7 10,434 6,309 60.5 2,073 844 40.7 327,176 133,191 40.7 644,805 388,072 60.2 265,767 191,530 72.1 5,032 3,266 64.9 1,187 339 28.6 372,331 192,826 51.8 551,672 324,035 58.7 379,084 238,872 63.0 11,541 7,100 61.6 1,440 491 34.1 169,431 77,467 48.6 575,866 248,420 43.1 287,134 158,758 55.3 28,118 ■ 14,516 61.6 6,649 1,591 28.2 254,680 73,478 28.9 566,323 383,816 67.8 454,481 311,274 68.5 31,134 21,486 69.0 3,368 1,443 42.8 48,718 31,083 63.8 1,363,713 790,736 58.0 927,647 582,997 62.8 142,173 67,276 47.3 40,703 9,667 23.7 262,868 130,708 51.7 93,771 60,678 64.7 44,453 30,075 67.7 38,017 26,305 69.2 7,382 2,534 34.3 300 184 6L? 96,819 66,779 69.0 67,046 47,213 70.4 25,635 18,066 70.5 2,998 1,040 34.7 89 50 35,776 23,020 64.3 22,297 14,991 67.2 10,148 6,792 66.9 2,481 792 31.9 286 142 49.7 215,940 147,626 68.4 138,619 97,182 70.1 62,053 42,896 69.1 12,070 5,547 46.0 2,468 1,648 62.7 105,403 64,342 61.0 85,375 55,644 65.2 8,903 5,526 62.1 3,426 1,118 32.6 363 214 59.0 56,897 30,355 63.4 23,167 15,468 66.8 14,712 8,436 57.3 7,658 2,704 36.3 416 251 60.3 121,016 85,006 70.2 67,931 50,668 74.6 46,504 31,771 68.'3 5,279 2,321 44.0 196 112 57.1 16,132 10,141 62.9 8,208 5,806 70.7 4,889 3,354 68.6 1,280 255 19.9 52 30 293,478 195,259 66.5 165,137 114,416 69.3 102,201 69,148 67.7 20,606 9,062 44.0 906 515 56.8 175,386 117,078 66.8! 118,379 81,625 69.0 45,947 30,683 66.6 8,414 3,147 37.4 198 105 53.0 555.554 361,077 65. oi 296,850 205,043 69.1 196,467 129,165 65.7 43,406 17,816 41.0 4,732 2,936 62.0 TTnlted States Geographic divisions: New England Middle Atlantic East North Central... West North Central. . South Atlantic East South Central... West South Central. . Mountain Pacific New England: Maine New Hampshire Vermont Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut Middle Atlantic: New Yorlr New Jersey Pennsylvania East Nokth Central: Ohio Indiana Illinois Michigan Wisconsin West North Central: Minnesota Iowa Missouri North Dakota South Dakota Nebraska Kansas South Atlantic: Delaware Maryland District of Columbia. , Virginia West Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Florida East South Central: Kentucky Tennessee Alabama Mississippi West South Central: Arkansas Louisiana Oklahoma Texas Mountain: Montana Idaho Wyoming Colorado New Mexico Arizona Utah Nevada Pacific: Washington Oregon California 228 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. SCHOOL ATTENDANCE OF CHILDREN 6 TO 14 YEARS OP AGE, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES: 1910. [Per cent not shown where base Is less than 100.] SCHOOL ATTENDANCE. 229 SCHOOL ATTENDANCE OF URBAN AND RURAL POPULATION, BY AGE PERIODS, FOR DIVISIONS: 19] 0. Table 15 DIVISION AND CLASS OF POPULATION. Total number of per- sons attending school. TTNITED STATES TTrban, total Male Female Native wlilte Native parentage Foreign or mixed parentage Foreign-bom wtiite Negro Rmal, total Male Female Native white Native parentage Foreign or mixed parentage. Foreign-bom white Negro 7,480,020 3,700,074 3,779,946 6,563,668 3,640,649 2,923,019 617,636 389, 795 10,629,871 5,337,681 6, 192, 290 9,064,218 7,470,034 1, 594, 184 133,870 1,280,865 NEW ENGLAND. XTiban .total Male Female Native white Native parentage Foreign or mixed parentage Foreign-bom white Negro Suial, total Male Female Native white Native parentage Foreign or mixed parentage Foreign bom white Negro MIDDLE ATLANTIC. TTiban, total Male Female Native white Native parentage Foreign or mixed parentage Foreign-bom white Negro Sural, total Male Female Native white Native parentage Foreign or mixed parentage Foreign-bom white Negro EAST NOETH CENTRAL TXiban, total Male Female Native white Native parentage Foreign or mixed parentage. Foreign-bom white Negro ■ Rural, total Male Female Native white Native parentage Foreign or mixed parentage Foreign-bom white Negro WEST NORTH CENTRAL Urban, total Male Female Native white Native parentage Foreign or mixed parentage . Foreign-bom white Negro Rural, total Male Female Native white Native parentage Foreign or mixed parentage Foreign-bom white Negro 1,016,137 607, 107 609, 030 911, 151 368, 281 542,870 94, 761 9,901 206,091 104,038 102, 053 198, 102 146,672 51, 430 6,743 954 2,137,693 1,216,195 1, 221, 498 2,136,360 1,000,830 1, 135, 630 266, 814 44,011 1,093,680 665, 727 637,963 1.043,116 818,427 224,688 34,478 13, 603 1,680,901 837,968 842,943 1,652,730 846,069 706,661 96, 616 31,973 1,895,102 967,946 927, 166 1, 849, 465 1,417,289 432, 176 27,668 14, 162 696,037 341,070 353, 967 646,819 419,658 227,261 23,860 23,376 1,835,554 936,406 899, 148 1,780,469 1,193,354 587, 106 31,402 15,217 PEBSONS 6 TO 20 TEARS OP AGE. Total, number. 11,520,193 5,641,266 6,878,927 9,682,609 6,266,418 4,327,191 1,201,468 722, 664 16,230,406 8,283,428 7,946,978 13,096,216 10,761,975 2,344,241 340,575 2,699,493 7,098,969 3,496,049 3,602,920 6,239,188 3,461,718 2,777,470 478,666 373,891 10,201,235 5, 166, 797 5,036,438 8,781,081 7,238,473 1,541,608 125, 781 1,245,808 1,448,039 717, 866 730, 173 1,206,363 472, 857 733, 606 227, 188 14,028 281,073 146, 218 136, 865 263,266 193,674 69, 692 15,880 1,511 3,771,779 1,848,648 1,923,131 3, 107, 121 1,445,372 1,661,749 691,329 72,586 1,685,477 817, 802 767, 675 1,467,514 1, 139, 273 328,241 92,644 22, 608 2,590,115 1,276,471 1,313,644 2,312,243 1, 206, 654 1, 106, 589 226, 702 61, 428 2,646,928 1,368,618 1,288,310 2,661,763 1,926,674 636,079 67,930 21,409 1,034,647 602,362 532,285 942, 771 595,810 346, 9«1 62,296 38,683 2,539,687 1,304,641 1,236,046 2,430,420 1,590,768 839,652 70,377 26,602 Attending school. Number. 947,681 471,389 476,292 850,200 342, 434 507,766 87,944 9,280 195,687 98, 627 96,960 188,016 139,046 48,970 6,378 921 2,314,064 1,150,843 1,163,221 2,032,834 962, 289 1,080,545 239,226 41, 665 1,056,754 636,356 620, 398 1,008,815 791, 802 217, 013 32, 716 13, 126 1,598,222 792, 930 805, 292 1,479,644 804,496 676, 148 87,512 30,631 1,833,400 935, 449 897,951 1,789,981 1, 373, 603 416,378 26,933 13,831 656,619 319,909 336,710 612,204 396, 761 215,463 21, 106 22,477 1,768,795 901, 783 867,012 1,716,926 1,149,304 667,622 28,976 14, 752 Per cent. 61.6 62.0 61.3 66.1 66.9 64.2 39.8 61.7 62.4 63.4 67.1 67.3 65.8 36.9 46.1 65.4 66,7 65.2 70.5 72.4 69.2 38.7 60.2 67.9 71.4 71.4 71.8 70.3 40.2 61.0 61.4 62.3 60.6 65.4 65.9 65.0 40.5 67.4 66.7 65.6 67.8 68.7 69.5 66.1 35.4 68.1 61.7 62.1 61.3 64.0 66 7 61.1 38.8 59.6 69.3 68.9 69.7 69.9 71.3 66.5 44.8 64.6 63.5 63.7 63.3 64.9 66.6 62.1 40.4 58.3 69.6 69.1 70.2 70.6 72.2 67.6 41.2 57.8 PERSONS 6 TO 9 rEAES OP AGE. Total, number. 2,989,407 1, 496, 269 1, 493, 138 2,612,367 1,421,924 1, 190, 433 192, 117 182, 742 4,735,827 2,400,018 2,335,809 3,839,962 3,200,403 639, 649 59,322 808, 108 2,442,305 1,222,433 1,219,872 2, 166, 324 1,168,399 1,006,926 164,675 120,910 3,236,015 1,634,147 1,601,868 2, 815, 707 2,319,668 496, 149 38, 741 368,044 383,387 192, 762 190,625 347, 740 126, 969 220, 781 31, 878 3,697 77,906 39,621 38,384 74,987 63,340 21,647 2,396 417 991,641 496, 636 495,005 881,370 393, 668 487, 712 91,623 18, 605 447,789 226, 731 221,068 426,068 322, 494 103, 664 16, 134 6,008 666,276 333,002 332, 274 612,624 331,060 281,664 40,059 12,466 740,998 376,819 364, 179 722, 570 560,441 162, 129 10,938 6,705 255,887 127,983 127,904 237,296 167,627 79,768 9,376 9,113 720,647 365,493 356,054 697,986 479,808 218,178 11,774 Attending school. Number. 344,472 173,406 171,067 314,260 114, 917 199, 333 26, 926 3,236 67,269 34, 110 33, 159 64,926 46,366 18,660 1,932 328 833,649 418, 443 415, 106 743, 658 331, 542 412,016 76, 195 14,696 360,627 182, 509 178, 118 346,013 263, 692 81, 421 10, 813 4,411 669,716 280,428 279,287 617,493 281,488 236,005 31,803 10,304 613,867 311,802 302, 066 600,092 464,288 135, 804 8,497 4,160 211,345 105,698 105, 747 196,940 129,921 67,019 7,334 6,991 671,205 289, 164 282,061 656, 878 384, 192 172,686 7,946 4,386 Per cent. 81.7 81.7 81.7 82.9 81.5 846 80.6 66.2 68.3 68.1 68.6 73.3 72.5 77.6 65.3 45.6 3,627,408 1,798,218 1,829,190 3, 123, 067 1,684,769 1,438,288 276, 768 226,423 5,479,732 2, 803, 636 2, 676, 197 4,437,021 3,639,514 797,507 82,562 929,843 89.8 90.0 89.7 90.4 90.5 90.3 84.5 87.5 86.3 86.3 86 4 86 6 86.9 86.7 80.6 78.7 84.1 84.3 83.9 84.4 84.2 84.6 82.1 79.4 80.5 80.5 80.6 81.0 81.7 78.6 71.4 73.4 84.1 84.2 84.1 84.5 85.0 83.8 79.4 82.7 82.7 82.9 83.0 82.8 83.8 77.5 72.9 82.6 82.5 82.7 83.0 82.6 84.0 78.2 76.7 79.3 79.1 79.4 79.8 80.1 79.1 67.5 64.2 PERSONS 10 TO 14 YEARS OF AGE. Total, number. 3,326,340 1,649,907 1,676,433 2,898,239 1,561,360 1,336,879 243,378 182,054 4,702,322 2,386,198 2,316,124 4,005,876 266, 111 739,765- 66, 114 609,941 464,364 231,626 232, 828 409, 142 166, 662 262,580 50,483 4,699 95,202 49,009 46, 193 90,886 66,361 24,525 3,698 493 1,196,112 694,770 600,342 1,036,267 472,034 663,223 137,368 22,334 630,974 271,217 269, 757 502,392 390,276 112, 116 20,526 7,314 810,392 402,663 407,729 744,268 383,299 360,969 50,074 15,850 896,367 468, 615 437, 852 871, 679 655,869 215, 810 15,253 7,334 318,133 166, 761 161,372 294,491 186,362 108, 139 11,631 11,774 852,541 436,747 416,794 821,810 536,502 285,308 17,599 8,507 Attending school. Number. 436,407 217,999 218, 408 ^87, 150 149, 166 237,984 44,792 4,348 90,023 46, 214 43,809 86,163 63,068 23,105 3,298 452 1,106,969 663,006 663,963 964,033 440, 760 623,273 122, 516 20,285 496,379 254,047 242,332 471,882 368, 155 103, 727 17.350 6,475 752,730 375,507 377, 223 693, 790 369,399 334,391 44,269 14,482 848,111 433,764 414,347 826, 163 622, 744 203,419 13,527 6,620 295,961 145,898 160,063 274,915 173,729 101, 186 10,269 10,546 799,849 407,996 391,853 774,610 506,062 269,648 14,663 6,851 Per cent. 91.7 91.8 91.6 92.8 92.7 92.9 88.3 85.8 85.1 86.5 90.3 89.7 92.8 78.9 66.6 94.0 94 2 93.8 94 6 96.3 94 2 88.7 94 5 94.6 94 3 94 8 94 8 96.0 94 2 89.2 91.7 92.6 93.0 92.3 93.1 93.4 92.9 89.2 90.8 93.5 93.7 93.3 93.9 94 3 92.5 84.5 88.5 92.9 93.3 92.5 93.2 93.8 92.6 88.4 91.4 94.6 94 6 94 6 94 8 94 9 94 3 88.7 90.3 93.0 93.1 93.0 93.4 93.2 93.6 88.3 93.6 94.0 94 3 941 94 6 83.3 80.5 4,903,373 2,346,779 2,666,599 3, 847, 195 2, 148, 726 1,698,470 733,683 314, 499 6,014,847 3,079,875 2,934,972 4,819,243 3,912,068 907, 185 198,691 961,542 PERSONS 15 TO 20 TEARS OP AGE. Total, number. Attending school. Number. Per cent. 1,330,324 623,709 706,615 1,175,625 741,959 433,666 80, 713 70,927 2,262,898 1,145,452 1,117,446 1,959,498 1,653,804 306,694 21,926 267,823 600,298 293,578 306,720 449,481 189,336 260, 145 144,827 6,732 107,966 56,688 51,278 97, 393 73, 873 23,620 9,786 601 1,586,026 757,242 827,784 1,190,494 579,680 610, 814 362,338 31, 747 606,714 319,864 286, 860 639,064 426,603 112,561 66,884 1,114,447 540,806 573,641 955,351 492,295 463,066 135,669 23,123 1,009,563 623,284 486, 279 967, 504 709,364 258,140 31,719 8,370 460,627 217,618 243,009 410,985 261,951 169,064 31,289 17,696 966,699 603,401 463,198 910,624 574,458 336,166 41,004 10, 167 166,802 79,986 86,817 148,800 78,351 70,449 16, 226 1,696 38,295 18,303 19,992. 36,927 29,622 7,306 1,148 141 373,646 179,394 194, 162 325,243 179,987 145, 256 41,616 6,674 199,748 99,800 99, 948 191, 920 160,065 31,865 4,653 2,239 286,777 136,995 148,782 268,361 163,609 104, 762 11,440 6,845 371,422 189,883 181,639 363,726 286, 671 77, 166 3,909 3,051 149,313 68,413 80,900 140,349 93, 101 47,248 3,502 4,940 397,741 204,633 193, 108 385,438 260,050 125,388 6,366 3,6)5 27.1 28.6 27.6 30.6 34 5 25.5 11.0 37.6 37.2 38.1 40.7 42.3 33.7 11.0 27.9 27.8 27.2 28.3 33.1 41.4 27.1 11.2 29.6 35.5 32.3 39.0 37.9 40.1 31.1 11.7 23.5 23.6 23.7 23.5 27.3 31.0 23.8 11.6 Jl.O 32.9 31.2 34 8 35.8 37.5 28.3 8.0 24.1 26.6 25.3 26.9 28.1 33.2 22.6 8.4 25.3 36.8 36.3 37.3 37.6 40.4 29.9 12.3 36.6 32.4 31.4 33.3 34.1 37.0 29.7 11.2 27.9 11.1 40.7 41.7 42.3 45.3 37.3 16.5 346 212,994 106,646 106,448 194,772 89,483 106,289 10,057 8,022 183,137 90,026 93,411 160,683 127,706 32, 877 1,388 20,638 OTHERS ATTENDING SCHOOL. Under 6 years of age. 21 years of age and over. 24,802 24,864 46, 776 16,816 29,961 2,447 426 7,688 3,817 3,821 7,484 5,396 2,089 120 27 78,386 39,533 38,862 72, 181 29,008 43,173 4,686 1,605 21,643 10,643 11,000 20,919 15,360 5,569 402 290 43,561 21,993 21,568 41, 186 20,057 21,128 1,912 464 37,316 18,480 18,836 36,697 26,067 10,630 336 16,463 7,664 7,799 14,646 9,242 5,404 399 412 40,133 19,782 20,361 39,476 28,079 11,397 273 236 168.067 97,479 70,578 129,608 89,348 40,260 28,913 7,882 146,199 81,768 63,441 122,664 102,865 19,699 6,701 14,509 18,800 10,916 7,884 14, 176 9,032 6,143 4,360 195 2,866 1,594 1,272 2,602 2,231 371 246 6 46, 2M 25,819 19,426 31,345 19,633 11,812 12,903 851 16,283 8,728 6,556 13,381 11,265 2,116 1,360 188 39,118 23,035 16,083 31,901 21,516 10,386 6,191 24,386 14,017 10,369 22,787 17,619 5,168 1,389 162 22,965 13,497 9,468 19,969 13,565 6,404 2,356 487 26,626 14,841 11,785 24,057 15,971 8,086 2,154 229 230 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. SCHOOL ATTENDANCE OF URBAN AND RURAL POPULATION, BY AGE PEEIODS, FOR DIVISIONS: 1910— Continued. Table 15— Continued. Total number of per- sons attending school. PERSONS 6 TO 20 YEARS or AGE. PERSONS 6 TO 9 YEARS or AGE. PERSONS 10 TO 14 YEARS OF AGE. PERSONS 15 TO 20 YEARS OF AGE. OTHERS ATTENDING SCHOOL. DIVISION AND CLASS OF porULAXION. Total, number. Attending school. Total, number. Attending school. Total, number. Attending school. Total, number. Attending school. 1 Under 6 years of age. !1 years of age Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. Number. • Per cent. Number. Per cent. and over. SOUTH ATLANTIC. TTrban, totfil 606,467 242,450 261,017 361,215 305,435 55,780 9,679 135,483 1,911,977 965,370 966,607 1,315,082 1,291,063 24,019 3,831 591,194 263,742 125,005 138,737 187,252 166,222 21,030 2,086 74,376 1,466,449 739,444 727,005 1,076,821 1,066,631 11,190 937 388,412 342,290 164,501 177,789 268,273 229,785 38,488 6,800 65,749 1,452,810 735,882 716,928 1,171,758 1,097,146 74,613 7,187 256,944 173,546 85,156 88,390 164,025 102,077 61,948 7,316 1,890 331,645 170,852 160,793 311,703 226,675 86,028 10,056 729 364,207 180,632 183,675 335, 743 202,292 133,451 20,715 3,036 336,563 171, 916 164, 647 317,713 214,778 102,935 11,576 640 877,645 420,314 457,231 687,909 495,825 92,034 23,753 265,742 3.262,214 1,644,278 1,617,936 2,008,719 1,972,025 36,694 11,934 1,238,277 445,707 213,277 232,430 297,894 262,666 36,238 4,513 143,233 2,443,642 1,232,972 1,210,670 1,638,602 1,621,097 17,606 2,440 801,647 671,407 274,307 297, 100 422,218 355,359 66,859 17,962 129,316 2,486,167 1,259,903 1,226,264 1,839,094 1.692,987 146,107 33,198 586,281 246,337 120,988 125,349 226,849 139, 171 87,678 15,718 2,966 495,417 269, 622 235,895 441, 108 317,925 123,183 26,856 1,204 534,617 267,033 267,584 479,241 281,714 197,527 43,008 4,782 489,801 260,474 229,327 445,740 298,652 147,088 29,416 1,054 486,650 231,836 254,814 347,678 294,275 63,403 8,832 130,070 1,860,801 928,827 931,974 1,278,521 1,255,338 23,183 3,558 576,904 254,486 120,026 134,460 181,054 160,689 20,365 1,891 71,519 1,418,777 714,843 703,934 1,041,957 1,031,133 10,824 850 375,711 329,880 157,927 171,963 268,581 221,411 37, 170 6,384 63,610 1,417,127 717, 138 699,989 1,143,698 1,070,490 73,208 6,808 249,226 165,789 80,982 84,807 156,933 97,609 59,424 6,775 1,820 322,168 165,677 156,581 303,258 219,538 83,720 9,536 711 346,678 170,207 175,371 321,060 191, 864 128, 196 18,997 2,929 327,836 167,197 160,639 309,909 209,219 100, 690 11,027 627 65.5 55.2 55.7 59.1 59.4 58.0 37.2 48.9 57.0 56.5 57.6 63.6 63.7 63.2 29.8 46.6 67.1 56.3 57.8 60.8 61.2 57.8 41.9 49.9 68.1 58.0 58.1 63.6 63.6 61.8 34.8 46.9 57.7 57.6 67.9 61.2 62.3 55.6 35.5 49.1 67.0 56.9 67.1 62.2 63.2 60.1 20.5 42.5 67.3 66.9 67.7 69.2 70.1 67.8 43.1 61.4 65.0 63.8 66.4 68.7 69.1 68.0 35.5 59.1 64.6 63.7 66.5 66.8 68.1 64.9 44:2 61.3 66.9 64.2 70.0 69.5 70.1 68.5 37.5 59.6 228,870 113,890 114,980 156,902 131,794 25,108 4,249 67,698 976,609 493,188 483,421 599,206 688,640 10,566 2,073 374,324 114,096 56,572 57,524 77,883 70,144 7,739 '773 35,433 729,925 369,677 360,348 492,401 487,946 4,456 522 236,706 154,821 77,403 77,418 116,822 99,166 17,656 3,635 33,944 757,836 384,095 373,741 564,512 621,658 42,854 6,721 177,568 66,329 33,208 33,121 62,471 39,654 22,917 2,936 782 149,470 75,813 73.657 135,950 100, 193 35,757 5,035 311 129,100 64,813 64, 287 119,250 72,062 47,188 7,689 1,115 134,748 68,781 65, 967 126,282 85,883 40,399 4,709 251 157,862 77,806 80,066 112,698 93,970 18,728 2,958 42,188 673,057 287,543 285,614 396,997 389,250 7,747 1,246 174,277 79.860 39. 133 40,727 57, 160 51,067 6,093 571 22,136 427,966 214,919 213,047 318,051 314,929 3,122 272 109,565 100,054 49,641 50,513 78,095 67,078 11,017 1,700 19,851 418,792 210,648 208,144 341,243 321,150 20,093 1,674 70,527 52,269 26,170 26,099 49,474 31,075 18,399 2,131 601 103,601 52,524 51,077 98. 134 71,854 26,280 3,039 215 103,179 51,909 51,270 96,666 67,351 38,315 5,957 907 99,631 60,938 48,693 94,373 63,937 30,436 3,323 175 69.0 68.3 69.6 71.8 71.3 74.6 69.6 62.3 58.7 58.3 59.1 66.3 66.1 73.3 60.1 46.6 70.0 69.2 70.8 73.4 72.8 78.7 73.9 62.5 58.6 58.2 59.1 64.6 64.5 70.1 52.1 46.3 64.6 64.0 65.2 66.8 67.6 62.4 48.1 58.5 55.3 64.8 65.7 60.4 61.6 46.9 24.9 39.7 78.8 78.8 78.8 79.2 78.6 80.3 72.6 76.9 69.3 69.3 69.3 72.2 71.7 73.5 60.4 69.1 79.9 80.1 79.8 80.2 79.6 81.2 77.5 81.3 73.9 74.1 73.8 74.7 74.4 75.3 70.6 69.7 277,184 135,475 141,709 187,781 157,392 30,389 6,793 83,673 1,118,874 571,690 547,184 685,650 673,197 12,463 2,466 429,666 140,297 68,361 71,936 94,506 83,374 11, 132 1,123 44,646 829,016 425,001 404,045 652,203 546,310 6,893 689 275,830 181,580 89, 184 92,396 135,514 113,909 21,605 5,121 40,282 834,951 426,425 408,526 616,930 565,733 50,197 9,895 199,983 78,053 38, 749 39,304 72,999 44,343 28,666 3,975 910 161,557 83,453 78, 104 146,666 105,606 41, 160 6,077 376 162,303 80, 729 81, 5''4 149,099 87,504 61, 595 10,200 1,456 160,220 82,478 77,742 149,805 99,760 50,045 6,359 340 231,355 111,446 119,909 163,106 136,899 26,207 4,502 63,716 867,715 434,045 433,670 579,874 568,787 11,087 1,769 285,294 120,454 57,747 62,707 84,706 , 74,585 10,121 932 34,804 615,212 324,921 320,321 464, 162 458,955 5,207 413 180,545 156,987 76,258 80,729 121,189 102,653 18,636 3,519 31,666 660,915 333,834 327,081 526,451 488,497 37,954 3,788 123,077 72,996 36,277 36,719 68,622 41,621 27,001 3,430 839 113,226 73,933 69,293 134,303 96,187 38, 116 4,744 327 162,181 75,769 76,712 140,728 82,648 58, 180 9, 150 1,368 150,862 77,444 73,418 142,268 94,666 47,602 5,662 300 83.6 82.3 84.6 86.9 87.0 86.2 77.7 76.2 77.6 75.9 79.3 84.6 84.5 89.0 71.7 66.4 85.9 84.5 87.2 89.6 89.6 90.9 83.0 78.0 77.8 76.6 79.3 84.1 84.0 88.4 59.9 65.6 86.5 85.5 87.4 89.4 90.1 85.8 68.7 78.6 79.2 78.3 80.1 85.6 86.3 75.6 38.3 61.5 93.6 93.6 93.4 94.0 93.9 94.2 86.3 92.2 8«.7 88.6 88.7 91.6 91.2 92.6 78.1 87.0 93.9 93.9 94.0 94.4 94.3 94.5 89.7 94.0 94.2 93.9 94.4 95.0 94.9 95.1 87.5 88.2 371,491 170,949 200,542 243,226 206,639 36,687 13,711 114,471 1,166,731 679,400 687,331 723,863 710,188 13,675 7,395 434,287 191,311 88,344 102,970 125,605 109,138 16,367 2,617 63,154 884,671 438,394 446,277 693,998 586,841 7,157 1,229 289,111 235,006 107,720 127,286 169,882 142,284 27,598 9,306 55,090 893,380 449,383 443,997 658,652 605,596 53,056 16,682 208,740 101,965 49,031 52,924 91,379 55,274 36, 105 8,807 1,274 184,390 100,266 84,134 158,492 112,226 46,266 15,744 517 243,214 121,491 121,723 210,892 122, 148 88,744 25, 119 2,212 194,833 109,215 85,618 169,653 113,009 56,644 18,348 463 97,433 42,584 54,849 71,874 63,406 8,468 1,372 24,166 420,029 207,239 212,790 301,650 297,301 4,349 644 117,333 51,172 23,146 31,026 39, 198 35,047 4,161 388 14,679 315,569 176,003 170,566 259,744 257,249 2,495 166 86,601 72,839 32,128 40,711 69,297 61,680 7,617 1,165 11,993 337,120 172,656 164,764 276,004 260,843 15,161 1,346 55,622 10,521 18,535 21,989 38,837 24,813 14,024 1,214 380 75,331 39,120 36,211 70,821 51,497 19,324 1,753 169 89,918 42,529 47,389 83,666 61,965 31,701 3,890 664 77,313 38,815 38,528 73,268 60,616 22,652 2,142 152 26.2 24.9 27.4 29.6 30.7 23.1 10.0 21.1 36.0 35.8 36.2 41.7 41.9 31.8 7.4 27.0 28.3 26.2 30.1 31.2 32.1 25.4 14.8 23.1 39.1 39.9 38.2 43.7 43.8 34.9 13.4 29.6 31.0 29.8 32.0 34.9 36.3 27.6 12.5 21.8 37.8 38.4 37.1 41.9 43.1 28.6 8.1 26.6 39.7 37.8 41.5 42.5 44.9 38.8 13.8 29.8 40.9 39.0 43.0 44.7 45.9 41.8 11.1 32.7 37.0 36.0 38.9 39.7 42.5 35.7 15.6 29.6 39.7 35.5 45.0 43.2 44.8 40.0 11.7 32.8 7,806 3,750 4,056 6,115 3,910 1,206 129 2,569 25,867 12,652 13,215 17,817 17,435 382 36 7,992 3,993 1,900 2,093 2,523 2,206 317 30 1,440 26,559 12,828 13,731 18,082 17,933 149 10 8,453 1,830 2,269 2,661 3,592 2,993 599 111 1,109 16,451 7,932 8,519 12,776 12,135 641 43 3,357 2,995 1,603 1,492 2,850 1,662 1 1,188 99 42 4,373 2,172 2,201 4,064 3,075 989 98 9 6,305 3,132 3,173 5,904 3,590 2,314 245 76 3,467 1,720 1,737 3,268 2,227 1,041 70 6 12,011 Male 6,864 5,147 Native white 8,4^ Native narentaee. . 7,260 Foreign or mixed parentage.. Foreign-bom white. .. 1,172 718 Negro 2,854 25,309 Male 13,891 11,418 Native white., 18,744 Native carentaee . 18,290 Foreign or mixed parentage. Foreign-bom white 454 240 Negro 6,293 EAST SOUTH CENTRAL. 6,263 Male 3,079 2,184 Native white.. 3,675 3,327 Foreign or mixed parentage. Foreign-bom white 348 165 Negro 1,417 Rural, total 21,113 Male 11,773 FeTnft^e 9,340 Native white. . 16,782 Native parentage , . - 16,565 Foreign or mixed parentage. Foreign-bom white 217 77 4,248 WEST SOUTH CENTRAL. Urban, total 7,680 Male 4,305 FOTTlftlp 3,275 6,100 5,381 Foreign or mixed parentage. Foreign'hom white 719 305 1,130 19,232 Male 10,812 8,420 Native white.. 15,284 14,520 Foreign or mixed parentage . 784 336 Negro 3,361 MOUNTAIN. Urban, total 1,762 Male.. 2,671 Female 2,091 1,242 2,906 Foreign or mixed parentage^ 1,336 412 Negro 28 6,114 Male 3,103 Female 2,011 1,381 3,062 Foreign or mixed parentage. 1,319 421 Negro 9 PACIFIC. Urban, total 12,321 Male 7,293 Female 6,031 9,779 6,838 Foreign or mixed parentage. 2,941 1,473 32 Rural, tot^ 6,270 2,999 Female.. 2,271 4,636 Native parentage 3,332 Foreign or mixed parentage. 1,204 479 8 SCHOOL ATTENDANCE. 231 PRINCIPAL CITIES: 1909-10. Statistics of school attendance in cities having 100,000 inhabitants or more in 1910 are given in Ta- bles 16 and 17. Table 16 relates to the population 6 to 20 years of age and gives details by color or race, na- tivity, and parentage. A similar statement for cities having from 25,000 to 100,000 inhabitants is given in Table 18, pages 233 to 235. By reason of the peculiar interest which attaches to the population from 6 to 14 years of age — the ages of customary school attend- ance — statistics for this group are presented for the larger cities in Table 17, page 232. In the larger cities the proportion of persons from 6 to 20 years of age attending school in 1909-10 ranged from 51 per cent in Richmond to 69.8 per cent in Cambridge. High percentages of school attendance (65 or over) are shown for Boston, Cam- bridge, Denver, Los Angeles, New Haven, Oakland, and Worcester, and comparatively low percentages (under 55) for Atlanta, Baltimore, Birmingham, Memphis, New Orleans, and Richmond. The fact that cities with a small percentage of school attend- ance are found almost entirely in the South is largely, but not wholly, explained by the large negro popula- tion in southern cities. SCHOOL ATTENDANCE OF POPULATION 6 TO 20 YEARS OF AGE IN CITIES OF 100,000 INHABITANTS OR MORE: 1910. [Per cent not shown where base is less than 100.] Table 16 Albany.N.y Atlanta, Ga Baltimore, Md Birmingham, Ala Boston, Ma^ Bridgeport, Conn Buflalo,N.Y Cambridge, Mass Chicago, 111 Cincinnati, Ohio Cleveland, Ohio Columbus, Ohio Dayton, Ohio Denver, Colo Detroit, Mich Fall River, Mass Grand Rapids, Mich. . . Indianaipolis, Ind Jersey City, N.J Kansas City, Mo Los Angeles, Cal Louisville, Ky Lowell, Mass Memphis, Term Milwaukee, Wis Minneapolfa, Minn Nashville, Tenn New Haven, Conn New Orleans, La New York, N.y Mirihattan Borough Bronx Borough Brooklyn Borough. . Queens Borough . . . Richmond Borough. Newark, N. J Oakland, Cal Omaha, Nebr Paterson, N. J Philadelphia, Pa Pittsburgh, Pa Portland, Oreg Providence, R. I Hichmond, Va Bochester, N. Y St. Louis, Mo St. Paul, Minn San Francisco, Cal Scranton, Pa Seattle, Wash Spokane, Wash Syracuse, N. Y Toledo. Ohio Washington, D. C Worcester, Mass ALL CLASSES. Total number. 23,794 42,981 153,586 36,939 169,116 26,938 120,366 27,426 594,012 93,618 150,887 44,354 28,726 51,958 122,979 36,235 30,138 56,997 78,300 57,467 60,690 28,570 32,482 109,078 75,611 31,803 36,263 98,468 1,334,357 eS6, 669 m,siB 471,767 S6,030 26,089 97,544 34,153 31,281 36,457 410,243 146,609 43,272 57,559 35,271 54,998 181,402 58,946 85,368 39,397 49,294 24,150 34,171 45,314 79,249 38,277 Attending school. Number. 14,816 23,337 79,933 20,135 115,210 16,262 73,412 19,152 349,037 55,474 92,094 27,631 17,624 34,537 22,819 19,141 35,014 47,198 34,220 44,995 35,762 17,603 17,169 63,228 48,655 18,191 24,252 52,799 828,720 368,913 80,989 303,689 67,618 17,611 61,916 22,253 20,085 21,779 237, 333 85,777 26, 146 35,309 17,986 33,752 101,320 37,187 50,128 22,964 31,099 15,259 21,131 28,198 50,859 24,928 Per cent. 62.3 54.3 62.0 54.5 68.1 60.4 61.0 69.8 58.8 59.3 61.0 62.3 61.4 66.5 66.8 63.0 63.5 61.4 60.3 .59.5 65.2 58.9 61.6 52.9 58.0 64.3 57.2 66.9 53.6 62.1 68.9 64.9 64.4 67.0 70.2 63.5 65.2 64.2 69.7 57.9 58.5 60.4 61.3 61.0 61.4 55.9 63.1 58.7 58.3 63.1 63.2 61.8 62.2 64.2 65.1 NATIVE waiTE. Native parentage. Total number. 13,553 25,788 81,680 19,150 40,446 7,355 40,594 6,654 129,847 55,031 39,081 31,770 20,290 27,776 33,366 5,124 10,975 40,738 27,760 38,053 38,826 38,593 6,287 16,161 30,864 25,669 19,316 10,639 55,866 307,697 98,078 36,783 132,628 31,236 9,972 30,348 14,143 13,887 9,068 171,550 55,570 22,914 15,302 20,012 22,223 94,669 18,708 30,481 13,686 23,919 14,009 16,101 22,166 43,082 10,718 Attending school. Number. 8,948 14,849 43,924 11,005 29,633 4,958 27,057 5,035 87,524 34,697 27,620 20,564 12,976 19,012 21,848 3,883 7,422 25,683 18,128 23,267 26,211 23,631 3,908 9,744 21,076 17,939 11,506 7,835 32,669 206,893 63,072 24,630 89,212 22,640 7,439 20,460 9,929 9,321 5,799 105,029 36,536 14,503 10,583 11,205 14,891 56,588 12,986 18,973 8,920 15,967 10,720 15,030 28,724 7,752 Per cent. 66.0 57.6 53.8 57.8 73.3 67.4 66.7 76.7 67.4 62.9 70.4 64.7 64.0 68.6 66.6 75.8 67.2 63.0 66.3 61.1 67.5 61.0 73.9 60.3 68.3 69.6 73.6 68.3 67.2 64.3 68.6 67.3 72.6 74.6 67.4 70.2 67.1 64.0 61.2 63.9 63.3 69.2 56.0 67.0 59.8 69.3 62.2 65.2 66.7 65.0 66.6 67.8 66.7 72.3 Foreign or mixed parentage. Total number. 1,977 41,411 3,056 97,928 14,118 67,628 15,950 368,343 30,104 84,619 8,474 6,003 19,962 22,802 16,262 9,915 40,667 12,500 21,514 11,720 17,196 2,952 67,352 42,371 1,670 18,829 15,604 690,672 313,329 70,616 247,740 46,722 12,266 48,836 16,063 14,324 20,976 169,244 68,814 16,854 30,168 1,939 25,363 66,495 36,262 43,664 21,712 19,586 8,324 14,336 19,837 10,465 21,711 Attending school. Number. 5,115 1,266 21,976 1,798 70,729 9,449 41,247 11,646 224,172 16,730 52,944 4,976 3,547 13,294 40,162 16,351 10,387 5,859 26,306 7,544 14,359 6,662 11,634 1,798 37,904 27, 3K 1,036 13,292 8,190 471,677 212,431 48,343 170,418 31,677 32,846 10,360 9,268 13,265 101,647 41,049 9,764 19,960 1,104 15,624 34,944 21,922 26,569 12,619 12,667 5,374 9,014 11,729 7,079 14,695 Per cent. 60.2 64.0 53.1 58.8 72.2 66.9 61.1 73.0 60.9 55.6 62.6 58.7 59.1 66.6 57.4 67.3 63.9 59.1 62.2 60.4 48.9 65.9 67.7 61.0 58.3 64.6 62.0 70.6 52.5 68.3 67. « 68.6 68.8 67.6 72.6 67.3 64.5 64.7 63.2 60.1 69.7 61.6 66.2 56.9 81.6 53.4 62.2 60.8 58.1 64.7 64.6 62.9 59.1 67.6 67.7 FOREIGN-BORN WHITE. Total number. 1,521 583 9,763 707 28,195 5,200 11,928 3,590 88,414 4,528 26,570 1,380 1,408 3,118 18,577 8,236 2,780 1,437 8,594 2,345 6,287 1,000 6,055 722 10,723 7,152 286 6,048 2,276 318,400 204,64s 17,620 86,390 7,304 2,638 16,256 2,648 2,317 6,046 52,370 16,600 4,027 10,863 446 7,227 12,275 4,468 8,746 3,855 4,846 1,656 3,516 2,962 2,047 5,562 Attending school. Number. 625 258 3,737 294 13,160 1,688 4,9U 1,583 33,006 1,884 10,866 578 621 1,549 7,152 3,543 1,262 498 2,952 1,043 3,073 383 2,047 278 4,167 3,047 158 2,619 897 140,522 87,990 7,666 40,970 2,929 1,067 7,283 1,227 1,054 2,502 21,291 5,813 1,660 3,990 212 3,129 4,856 1,957 3,624 1,338 2,062 696 1,265 1,218 1,018 2,292 Per cent. 41.1 44.3 38.3 41.6 46.7 32.5 41.2 44.1 37.3 41.6 41.7 41.9 37.0 49.7 38.6 43.0 45.4 34.7 34.3 44.5 66.7 38.3 33.8 38.5 38.9 42.8 55.2 43.3 39.4 44.1 43.0 43.2 47.4 40.1 4£.0 39.6 43.8 40.3 34.7 42.8 42.1 36.0 41.1 49.7 41.2 Total number. Number. 220 14,630 20,715 14,025 2,465 264 302 1,227 7,226 3,952 1,591 2,717 1,022 1,044 1,121 64 119 4,902 1,282 4,648 1,738 9,374 29 12,617 145 406 10,631 740 24,685 17,184 10,334 881 4,903 766 SIO 44.8 2,087 46.3 533 46.5 741 41.4 366 40.7 16,999 35.0 5,605 41.2 122 38.7 1,177 47.5 12,873 43.3 176 8,907 496 244 143 281 124 214 • 350 23,593 282 Attending school. 128 6,963 10,284 6,978 1,850 167 191 886 4,243 2,261 962 1,506 680 645 647 40 69 2,970 811 2,370 1,100 5,296 13 5,343 79 270 5,491 601 11,129 9,417 6,282 6U 2,932 466 194 1,318 325 434 210 9,323 3,38S 64 743 6,465 105 4,897 319 112 87 167 79 131 215 14,000 185 Per cent. 58.2 47.6 49.6 49.8 67.2 63.3 63.2 72.2 58.7 67.2 60.5 55.4 56.8 61.8 57.7 58.0 60.6 63.3 52.1 63.3 66.5 42.3 54. S 66.5 52.1 67.7 45.1 54.8 61.1 61.7 69. 8 61. B 62. S 63.2 81.0 58.6 57.4 54.3 60.1 52.5 63.1 42.5 59.7 55.0 64.3 45.9 60.8 65.9 63.7 61.2 61.4 59.3 65.6 232 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. For children from 6 to 14 years of age the percentage attending school is generally high. For the principal cities the range of variation was from 74.4 in Richmond and Birmingham to 95.2 in Cambridge. Among the 50 cities having 100,000 inhabitants or more there are 21 in which 90 per cent or over of the children from 6 to 14 years of age were reported as attending school. Exceptionally ' high percentages (92 and over) are shown for Boston, Bridgeport, Cambridge, New Haven, and Omaha, while low percentages Gess than 80) are noted in Atlanta, Baltimore, Birmingham, Memphis, Nashville, New Orleans, and Richmond. SCHOOL ATTENDANCE OF CHILDREN 6 TO 14 YEARS OF AGE IN CITIES OF 100,000 INHABITANTS OR MORE: 1910. [Per cent not shown where base Is less than 100.] Table 17 Albany, N.Y Atlanta, Ga Baltimore, Md Birmingham, Ala Boston, Mass Bridgeport, Conn Buffalo, N.Y Cambridge, Mass Chicago, 111 Cinciimati, Ohio Cleveland, Ohio Columbus, Ohio Dayton, Ohio Denver, Colo Detroit, Mich Fall Biver, Mass Grand Hapids, Mich . . . Indianapolis, Ind Jersey City, N. J Kansas City, Mo Los Angeles, Cal ■ Louisville, Ky Lowell, Mass Memphis, Tenn Milwaukee, Wis Minneapolis, Minn Nashville, Term New Haven, Conn New Orleans, La New York, N. Y Manhattan Borough Bronx Borough Brooklyn Borough. . Queens Borough, Kichmimi Borough. Newark, N.J Oakland, Cal Omaha, Nebr Paterson, N. J Philadelphia, Pa Pittsburgh, Pa Portland, Oreg Providence, R.I Richmond, Va Rochester, N.Y St. Louis, Mo St. Paul, Minn San Francisco, Cal Scranton, Pa Seattle, Wash Spokane, Wash Syracuse, N. Y Toledo, Ohio Washington, D. C Worcester, Mass ALL CLASSi:S. Total number 13,380 24,099 87,891 21,639 100,560 15,299 69,405 16,502 336,808 50,425 86,513 24,086 15,959 29,307 68,847 21,700 17,100 31,986 47,024 30,571 37,189 33,689 16,119 17,444 62,112 40,014 17,657 21,724 57,661 770,037 SJi3,7S0 7i,S7S 182,610 SS,9S3 15,849 67,529 18,952 16,817 21,415 237,900 84,821 22,255 33,114 19,660 30,312 99,905 31,498 44,633 23,398 26,432 13,513 19,186 25,952 44,719 22,313 Attending school. Number. 11,824 18,486 68,218 16,019 94,234 14,123 60,813 15,718 296, 766 45,685 78,595 21,631 14,377 26,457 59,575 19,915 15,385 29,008 40,556 26,572 33,701 29,701 14, 720 13,372 54,165 35,912 13,730 20,466 44,377 698,015 SOS, 681 68,111 257, BS5 49,191 U,795 52,885 16,827 15,624 19,294 205,009 72,310 19,084 29,550 14,662 27,859 85,421 28,871 38,659 19,525 22,589 11,363 16,867 23,499 38,776 20,422 Per cent. 88.4 76.7 77.6 74.4 93.7 92.3 87.6 95.2 88.1 90.6 90.8 89.4 90.1 90.3 86.5 91.8 90.0 90.7 86.2 86.9 90.6 88.2 91.3 76.7 87.2 89.7 77.8 94.2 77.0 90.6 89.8 91.1 91.0 92.9 93. S 91.9 88.8 92.9 90.1 86.2 86.3 85.8 89.2 74.4 91.9 85.6 91.7 86.6 83.4 85.6 84.1 87.9 90.5 86.7 91.5 NATIVE WHITE. Native parentage. Total number. 7,966 14,661 47,294 11,350 24,514 4,361 24,041 4,021 79,064 31,462 23,915 17,641 11,586 16,905 19,785 3,388 6,365 23,368 17,688 .20,504 21,179 22,321 3,235 9,093 18,851 14,184 11,081 6,526 34,014 188,327 57,406 2S,608 81,S67 20,449 6,497 18,634 8,371 7,608 5,566 100,957 33,588 12,149 9,053 11,343 12,861 65,384 10,784 17,005 8,645 13,373 8,111 9,180 13,080 24,796 Attending school. Number. 7,063 11,620 36,895 8,488 22,994 4,058 21,652 3,818 70,540 28,593 22,285 15,892 10,483 14,242 17,844 3,242 5,651 21,220 15,348 17,822 19,167 19,704 3,024 7,463 16,993 12,621 8,763 6,172 27,338 170,200 50,887 20,467 73,678 19,106 6,072 16,984 7,419 7,023 4,976 87,959 29,001 10,382 8,247 8,983 11,871 47,576 9,769 14,660 7,337 11,462 6,766 8,071 12,151 21,767 5,917 Per cent. 88.7 79.3 78.0 74.8 93.8 93.1 90.1 95.0 89.2 90.9 93.2 90.1 90.5 89.5 90.2 95.7 88.8 90.8 86.8 86.9 90.5 88.3 93.5 82.1 90.1 89.0 79.1 94.6 80.4 90.4 88.6 90.6 90. e 98. 4 93.5 91.6 88.6 92.3 89.4 87.1 86.3 85.5 91.1 79.2 92.4 85.9 90.6 86.2 85.9 85.7 83.4 87.9 92.9 87.8 92.6 Foreign or mixed Total number. 4,671 1,160 24,985 1,878 63,620 9,116 40,462 10,336 219,774 15,110 51,073 4,446 3,265 11,380 41,034 15,202 9,447 5,350 26,454 6,765 12,076 6,104 10,966 1,609 38,670 22,878 901 12,315 8,633 446,143 203,212 44,864 160,686 29,310 8,181 30,963 8,819 7,838 13, 103 104,892 41,799 8,291 19,381 1,088 14,468 34,513 18,646 23,419 13,220 10,801 4,636 8,624 11,390 6,080 13,741 Attending school. Number. 4,124 974 19,540 1,470 60,001 8,448 36,033 9,918 193,994 13,718 46,160 3,934 2,946 10,397 35,025 13,923 8,593 4,867 21,997 6,952 11,075 6,452 10,054 1,362 33,389 20,686 760 11,654 6,835 407,354 184,036 41,141 147,269 27,238 7,680 28,678 7,890 7,373 11,908 90,244 36,537 7,231 17,363 892 13,306 29,606 17,234 20,609 10,958 9,286 3,986 7,627 10,086 6,392 12,543 Per cent. 88.3 84.0 78.2 78.3 94.3 96.0 88.3 90.8 90.4 88.5 90.2 91.4 85.4 91.6 91.0 91.0 86.4 88.0 91.7 89.3 91.7 84.6 86.3 90.4 84.4 94.6 79.2 91.3 90.6 91.7 91.7 92.9 93.9 92.6 89.5 94.1 90.9 86.0 85.0 87.2 89.5 82.0 92.0 85.8 92.4 88.0 82.9 86.0 86.0 88.4 88.6 88.7 91.3 rOKEIGN-BOEN WHITE. Total number. 617 266 4,339 329 10,965 1,660 4,730 1,391 34,078 1,826 10,675 597 551 1,417 7,406 3,071 1,222 606 3,107 1,044 2,820 362 1,906 296 4,517 2,722 136 2,«0 1,009 126,530 78,061 6,897 37,842 2,739 6,837 1,145 986 2,626 22,413 8,054 1,611 3,968 202 2,895 6,251 1,806 3,324 1,563 1,968 1,255 1,286 905 2,011 Attending school. Number. 524 206 3,267 254 9,873 1,476 3,966 1,265 28,760 1,665 9,366 489 462 1,283 6,162 2,713 1,082 422 2,636 884 2,456 306 1,632 225 3,724 2,405 109 2,239 746 112,632 69,225 6,163 33,814 2,458 6,138 1,007 883 2,217 18,727 4,941 1,328 3,319 173 2,591 4,272 1,624 2,813 1,157 1,606 563 1,046 1,086 782 1,800 Per cent. 84.9 77.7 75.3 77.2 90.0 83.8 90.9 84.4 85.7 87.7 8L9 83.8 90.5 83.2 88.3 88.5 83.4 81.6 84.7 87.1 84.3 86.6 76.0 82.4 88.4 80.1 91.5 73.9 88.9 88.7 89.2 89.4 89.7 89.0 87.9 89.6 87.8 81.6 82.4 83.6 85.6 89.5 Total number. Number. 125 8,011 11,265 7,982 1,430 162 176 752 3,840 2,024 838 1,396 566 579 ^ 615 37 65 2,759 774 2,261 933 4,902 12 6,440 72 226 5,638 436 13,990 4,99S 512 S,764 418 177 1,184 280 382 217 9,604 3,371 63 679 6,927 96 Attending school. 81.4 4,725 89. 9 261 84.6 108 74.5 80 82.0 163 79.5 61 8;j.3 126 W4.4 191 86.4 12,910 89.6 170 113 5,685 8,609 6,807 1,337 141 157 715 3,424 1,807 775 1,210 486 513 536 58 2,496 674 1,910 4,240 10 4,317 58 197 4,098 400 9,446 7,783 4,345 467 S,441 S82 158 1,076 247 343 192 8,061 2,833 48 603 4,514 3,941 243 87 73 127 54 112 173 10,807 159 Per cent. 90.4 71.0 75.5 72.8 93.5. 87.0 89.2 95.1 89.2 89.3 92.5 86.7 87.4 88.6 87.2 90.5 87.1 84.9 93.0 86.5 67.0 87.6 74.0 91.7 67.5 87.8 87.0 89. S 88. S 91.4 89. S 90.9 88.2 89.8 88.5 83.8 84.0 65.2 83.4 93.1 80.6 83.0 90.6 83.7 93.6 SCHOOL ATTENDANCE. 233 SCHOOL ATTENDANCE OF POPULATION 6 TO 20 YEAES OF AGE IN CITIES HAVING FROM 26,000 TO 100,000 INHABITANTS: 1910. [Per cent not shown where base is less than 100.] Table 18 Alabama Mobile Montgomery . Arkansas Little Rook. California Berlseley Pasadena... Sacramento. San Diego... San Jose Colorado Colorado Springs. Pueblo Connecticut Hartford Meriden town Meridencity.. New Britain Norwich town Stamford town. . . Stamford city . Waterbury Delaware Wilmington.. Florida laoksonville. . Tampa Georgia Augusta... Macon Savannah. minois Aurora Bloomington... Danville Decatur Bast St. Loms. Elgin.-. JoHet Peoria Qulncy Eocltford Springfield Indiana Evansville... Fort Wayne.. South Bend. . Terre Haute. . Iowa Cedar Bapids. . Clinton Coxmcil Blufls.. Davenport Des Moines Dubuque Sioux C3Ity Waterloo Kansas Kansas City.. Topeka Wichita Kentucky Covington.. Lexington.. Newport... Louisiana Shreveport. . ALL CLASSES. Total number. Maine Lewiston . Portland.. 14,097 10,760 12,016 10,050 6,621 9,381 8,S52 7,26S 10,887 25,039 9,312 7,861 12,305 7,651 7,602 6,781 20,388 14,497 10,678 11,317 11,854 17,399 7,817 6,676 7,529 8,372 15,349 6,678 9,507 16,651 9,727 11,885 13,578 18,985 17,548 14, 679 15,639 8,763 6,900 8,163 11,349 22,300 10,631 12,889 6,842 22,923 11,198 13,591 14,764 8,649 8,498 7,725 13,831 Attending school. Number. 5,288 7,134 7,466 4,814 5,485 6,806 4,776 5,214 7,050 17,134 6,174 7,783 6,019 4,827 L,m IS, in 13,404 7,643 5,598 5,927 6,097 9,084 4,617 4,269 4,983 5,199 8,619 4,274 5,863 10,1-24 6,729 7,020 8,064 10,628 10,582 8,114 9,500 6,683 4,649 5,434 7,117 14,6.33 6,698 7,893 4,475 13,924 6,829 8,490 8,448 6,609 4,669 4,186 4,269 9,500 Per cent. 57.3 49.1 59.4 74.3 72.7 68.5 67.9 69.5 71.9 64.8 63.3 65.6 63.6 es.i 68.1 67.8 52.7 52.4 52.4 51.4 62.2 67.8 64.9 66.2 62.1 66.5 65.0 61.7 60.8 68.9 59.1 59.4 56.0 60.3 65.3 61.1 63.7 67.4 66.6 62.7 65.6 62.7 61.2 65.4 60.7 61.0 62.5 57.2 64.9 54.9 65.3 68.7 NATIVE WHITE. Native parentage. Total number. 6,756 4,792 6,760 5,222 4,521 5,274 6,129 3,558 5,319 6,316 7,805 2,607 ^,190 2,689 2,431 2,666 «,a7 5,656 12,593 5,749 3,324 6,667 6,166 6,607 3,645 4,0.33 5,698 6,374 9,735 2,931 3,414 10,656 6,730 4,364 8,413 14,266 11,826 6,256 12,626 6,051 3,641 5,267 6,175 14,830 6,260 6,548 5,184 14,330 7,410 11,293 10,713 5,478 6,889 2,112 6,787 Attending school. Num- ber. Per cent. 4,453 2,423 4,280 4,139 3,440 3,272 3,565 2,568 3,862 4,222 5,731 1,929 2,020 1,819 1,840 1,S1,S 3,943 7,648 3,133 2,017 3,277 3,483 3,984 2,324 2,805 3,896 4,064 6,741 2,076 2,363 6,671 4,223 2,916 6,189 8,204 7,473 3,895 7,863 3,425 2,676 3,637 4,241 10,069 4,225 4,289 3,532 9,036 4,661 7,177 6,382 3,761 1,444 4,796 66.9 60.6 63.3 79.3 76.1 62.0 69.6 71.9 72.4 66.9 73.4 74.0 7i.O 76.1 74.8 69.0 69.3 71.0 54.5 60.7 67.8 66.5 60.3 65.6 69.6 68.4 63.6 69.0 70,8 69.2 62.6 62.7 67.0 61.7 67.6 63.2 62.3 62.3 67.8 72.7 69.1 68.7 67.9 67.5 65.6 68.1 63.0 62.8 63.6 59.6 68.7 57.2 63.9 68.4 70.7 Foreign or mixed parentage. Total number. 1,114 377 3,932 1,621 3,060 2,539 2,733 1,502 3,243 12,678 6,738 A,79!l 6,877 3,819 3,611 s,soo 11,298 907 2,739 390 262 1,748 3,633 2,156 1,423 1,618 3,146 3,321 4,945 6,174 2,545 6,220 3,790 3,034 6,186 6,573 2,046 3,221 3,061 2,m 4,720 6,924 4,038 6,213 1,447 5,180 2,172 1,421 3,362 409 2,221 3,716 5,640 Attending school. Num- ber. 731 2,823 1,117 1,740 1,786 1,931 1,079 2,285 9,176 3,807 s,ms 4,929 2,599 2,443 2,2H 8,113 546 1,690 258 191 1,071 2,021 1,264 854 942 1,746 2,049 3,099 3,080 1,277 3,699 2,119 1,496 2,852 3,493 1,196 1,929 1,926 1,671 2,668 3,788 2,280 3,172 3,113 1,256 873 1,694 272 1,107 2. 239 4,114 Per cent. 61.8 56.8 71.8 68.9 67.0 70.3 70.7 71.8 70.5 72.4 66.3 66.8 71.7 68.1 67.7 67.1 71.8 58. i 60.2 61.7 66.2 72.9 61.3 55.6 68.6 60.0 68.2 65.5 61.7 62.7 59.6 60.2 69.5 65.9 49.3 55.0 63.1 58.5 59.9 62.9 65.3 56.5 63.9 66.6 60.8 61.1 60.1 57.8 61.4 50.4 66.5 49.8 67.7 60.3 72.9 FOREIGN-BOEN WHITE. Total num- ber. 70 103 624 722 481 164 990 4,111 909 811 2,709 1,237 1,258 1,189 3,368 1,686 259 2,300 76 81 352 569 180 81 193 1,086 290 1,041 484 67 1,274 630 97 407 1,700 211 460 189 267 319 876 215 1,060 208 361 219 56 61 234 109 1,883 1,337 Attending school. Num- ber. 38 341 138 245 356 231 347 389 SSI 816 492 606 90 720 31 29 168 127 76 33 96 193 384 302 26 174 637 77 87 120 378 79 386 57 275 1.30 24 28 111 580 543 Per cent. 67.2 47.9 39.3 49.2 48.0 54.3 35.1 46.4 42.8 jp.s 30.1 39.8 40.2 W.S 38.7 34.7 31.3 22.7 42.2 Total num- ber. 49.7 28.4 44.1 32.0 30.1 47.9 42.8 37.6 36.5 45.1 36.5 32.6 37.6 43.2 36.7 36.3 27.4 37.0 36.5 47.4 30.8 40.6 6,027 6,518 3,912 169 103 113 23 331 441 58 68 30 158 67 6B 175 7,571 2,313 6,179 5,346 80 207 327 187 1,382 36 107 336 383 37 743 125 126 656 41 109 62 135 670 17 2,371 1,262 633 Attending school. Num- ber. 2,863 2,624 2,086 43 111 49 194 196 317 106 38 1,375 3,864 1,171 2,358 2,394 3,871 46 124 200 107 724 21 68 180 207 21 452 903 80 76 1,497 791 358 348 1,546 84 Per cent. 47.3 47.6 53.3 69. S 47.6 60.2 72.9 59.2 71.9 67.1 65.] 59.1 51.0 50.6 45.5 44.8 44.5 61.2 67.2 52.4 6.3.6 5.3.6 54.0 56.5 64.0 60.3 56.5 65.2 59.4 63.1 62.7 54.7 55.0 57.3 54.5 47.3 234 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. SCHOOL ATTENDANCE OF POPULATION 6 TO 20 YEARS OF AGE IN CITIES HAVING FBOM 25,000 TO 100,000 INHABITANTS: 1910— Continued. [Per cent not shown where base ia less than 100.] Table 18— Continued. Massachusetts Brockton Brookline town. Chelsea Chicopee Ererett Fitchburg HaTerhilT. Holyoke I/awrence Lynn Maiden Hew Bedford . . . Newton Pittsfleld Quinoy Salem Somerville Springfield Taunton Waltham Michigan Battle Creek. Bay City Tllnt Jackson Xalamazoo... Lansing Saginaw Minnesota Buluth. Joplin St. Joseph.. Springfield. Butte. Nebraska Lincoln South Omaha. . New Hampshire Manchester. Nashua New Jersey Atlantic City Bayoime Camden East Orange Elizabeth Hoboken Orange Passaic Perth Amboy Trenton West Hoboken town. New York Amsterdam Auburn Binghamton . . . Elmira Jamestown Kingston Mount Vernon. New Eochelle. . Newburrfi Niagara Falls.. Poughkeepsie.. Schenectady... Troy Utica Watortown Yonkers ALL CLASSES. Total number. North Carolina Charlotte. . . Wilmington. 14,505 5,766 9,007 7,630 9,243 10,648 11,201 17,907 23,520 21,328 12,296 26,784 10,265 8,067 9,096 11,829 18,993 22,158 8,991 7,309 5,841 13,696 •8,871 7,249 9,580 7,988 13,619 20,615 8,947 20,299 10,127 Attending school. Number. 9,793 4,220 5,678 4,728 6,516 6,760 7,569 10,742 14,063 13,781 8,642 15,300 7,700 5,230 6,380 7,881 13,923 15,182 5,60? 5,092 3,955 8,869 4,739 4,697 6,067 4,877 8,771 13,016 6,900 12,375 6,361 Per cent. 8,761 6,187 11,049 7,675 7,879 4,659 21,059 11,717 7,429 4,470 10,291 5,945 16,867 10,909 25,637 14,532 8,199 5,567 20,499 12,387 20,343 12,201 8,172 6,303 17,687 8,297 9,603 5,694 26,495 16,409 10,558 5,633 8,235 4,477 7,882 4,800 11,053 7,400 9,407 6,476 7,904 6,068 7,180 4,293 8,475 6,104 7,748 6,339 7,370 4,274 7,553 4,779 6,641 3,794 17,826 11,348 19,657 12,921 19,244 11,190 6,396 4,294 22,986 16,310 10,404 5,379 7,228 4,052 67.5 73.2 63.0 62.0 70.5 63.5 67.6 60.0 59.8 64.6 70.3 57.1 75.1 64.8 70.1 66.6 73.3 68.5 61.3 69.7 67.7 64.8 53.4 64.8 63.3 61.1 64.4 65.9 61.0 62.8 69.5 59.1 55.6 60.2 57.8 64.7 56.7 67.9 60.4 60.0 64.9 46.9 59.9 61.9 53.4 54.4 60.9 67.0 68.8 64.1 59.8 72.0 68.9 58.0 63.3 57.1 63.7 66.1 68.1 67.1 66.6 51.7 66.1 NATIVE WHITE. Native parentage. Total niunber. 5,675 2,452 1,646 1,568 2,607 2,538 4,526 3,134 3,692 7,271 3,363 4,233 3,939 4,031 2,403 3,573 6,639 8,609 3,222 2,526 4,337 4,007 5,368 4,616 6,340 6,162 5,420 3,966 8,207 14,453 2,775 6,783 2,853 4,105 2,028 5,532 3,800 13,915 4,617 8,757 5,101 2,729 2,392 1,582 10,966 2,709 2,771 4,083 7,424 5,766 2,438 4,698 3,663 2,555 4,177 2,205 4,015 7,950 10,004 7,789 3,284 7,070 6,374 3,452 Attending school. Num- ber. 4,004 2,013 1,073 1,199 1,854 1,860 3,217 2,273 2,636 5,080 2,478 2,913 3,379 2,814 1,872 2,734 5,086 6,294 2,212 1,917 2,993 3,035 3,049 3,113 3,507 3,160 3,788 2,666 5,429 8,995 5,469 2,069 4,935 1,840 2,861 1,514 3,275 2,584 8,195 3,451 4,643 3,350 1,868 1,717 1,096 7,244 1,594 1,815 2,809 5,362 4,068 1,733 2,993 2,873 1,893 2,539 1,537 2,391 6,208 7,187 4,948 2,294 5,256 3,699 2,116 Per cent. Total number. to. 6 82.1 65.2 76.5 71.1 72.9 71.1 72.5 73.4 69.9 73.7 68.8 85.8 69.8 77.9 76.5 76.6 73.1 68.7 75.9 69.0 75.7 56.8 67.4 65.7 61.2 87.0 66.2 62.2 63.6 74.6 72.8 64.5 69.7 74.7 59.2 68.0 58.9 74.7 67.2 65.7 68.4 71.8 69.3 66.1 58.8 65.5 68.8 72.2 70.6 71.1 63.7 78.6 74.1 60.8 69.7 59.6 65.5 71.8 63.5 69.9 74.3 56.5 61.3 Foreign or mixed parentage. Attending school. Num- ber. 6,920 2,709 4,689 4,332 5,467 6,215 5,123 11,294 12,906 10,348 7,188 14,136 4,968 3,254 5,429 6,302 10,611 10,184 4,491 3,991 1,118 8,963 2,720 2,247 3,268 2,332 7,379 13,771 518 4,117 2,965 3,978 10,781 3,657 2,347 10,011 8,380 2,462 10,317 11,937 3,956 7,393 5,639 11,278 6,067 3,538 2,757 2,446 2,897 4,271 1,981 3,609 3,665 2,650 3,476 2,008 7,501 8,074 7,862 2,231 11,884 174 232 I 4,986 2,078 3,244 2,999 4,024 4,275 3,720 7,236 8,628 7,171 5,310 9,063 3,866 2,077 3,919 4,428 8,039 7,324 2,876 2,839 768 5,430 1,378 1,424 2,060 1,487 4,550 9,228 350 2,507 538 3,784 2,038 2,419 6,964 2,473 1,527 7,049 4,822 1,685 6,486 7,524 2,729 4,918 •3,826 7,477 3,348 2,195 1,695 1,646 1,929 2,868 1,092 2,711 2,769 1,542 2,455 1,185 5,137 5,113 4,913 1,592 8,743 Per cent. 124 167 FOEEIGN-BOBN WHITE. Total num- ber. 72.1 76.7 69.2 69.2 73.6 68.8 72.6 64.1 66.9 69.3 73.9 64.1 77.6 63.8 72.2 70.3 75.8 71.9 64.0 71.1 68.7 60.6 50.7 63.4 63.0 63.8 61.7 67.6 60.9 61.9 71.8 68.7 64.6 67.6 65.1 70.4 57.5 68.4 62.9 63.0 69.0 66.5 55.2 62.0 61.5 67.3 66.6 67.2 66.1 76.1 75.6 58.2 70.6 69.0 68.5 63.3 62.5 71.4 73.6 71.3 67.7 1,754 583 2,599 1,727. 912 1,888 1,466 3,462 6,976 3,509 1,600 7,760 1,233 709 1,251 1,915 1,675 3,003 1,203 764 279 694 677 316 814 403 758 2,812 35 730 35 650 6,165 1,744 750 2,916 1,865 632 3,047 3,271 908 7,770 2,242 3,762 1,765 1,905 953 1,073 619 1,167 323 1,005 1,116 402 1,829 471 2,322 1,363 3,519 866 3,695 Attending school. Num- ber. 704 118 1,316 530 434 631 565 1,225 2,772 1,417 760 2,931 390 289 685 696 750 1,299 370 315 125 383 255 123 404 157 1,090 22 309 3 Per cent. 294 596 483 311 1,193 646 155 1,152 1,305 328 1,594 752 1,395 453 235 323 395 448 104 423 454 124 762 134 970 540 1,278 397 1,115 40.1 20.2 50.6 30.7 47.6 33.4 38.8 35.4 39.7 40.4 46.9 37.8 31.6 40.8 46.8 36.3 44.8 43.3 30.8 41.2 44.8 65.2 37.7 38.9 49.6 39.0 52.5 42.3 Total num- ber. 52.4 34.9 30.6 27.7 41.5 40.9 34.6 24.5 37.8 39.9 36.1 20.5 33.5 37.1 38.9 23.8 24.7 30.1 63.8 38.4 32.2 42.1 40.7 30.8 41.7 28.5 41.8 39.6 36.3 45.8 30.2 156 21 69 3 255 5 95 14 45 189 144 650 HI 73 11 33 67 353 75 25 107 29 106 70 156 91 61 60 187 995 618 158 161 Attendtog school. Num- ber. 1,661 129 1,467 485 378 33 578 132 40 486 10 21 89 108 125 27 178 207 411 141 42 147 53 116 74 15 333 3,801 3,517 99 41 204 80.0 4 66 7 27 112 59.3 104 72.2 390 60.0 73 65.8 50 4 19 48 258 73.1 49 20 69 64.5 18 57 53.8 37 96 61.5 73 34 38 99 561 34S 27 100 91 Per cent. 832 82 865 276 206 22 378 68 20 293 4 14 61 67 84 19 104 97 223 69 25 84 33 81 61 11 194 1,627 1,772 52.9 56.4 56.3 63.3 56.5 50.1 63.6 59.0 56.9 54.5 65.4 51.5 62.0 67.2 58.4 54.3 48.9 67.1 68.3 42.8 50.4 SCHOOL ATTENDANCE. 235 SCHOOL ATTENDANCE OF POPULATION 6 TO 20 YEARS OF AGE IN CITIES HAVING FROM 25,000 TO 100,000 INHABITANTS: 1910— Continued. [Per cent not shown where base Is less than 100.] Table 18— Continued. ALL CLASSES. Total number. Attending school. Number. Per cent. NATIVE WHITE. Native parentage. Total number, Attending school. Num- ber. Per cent. Foreign or mixed parentage. Total ■ number. Attending school. Num- ber. Per cent. POREIGN-BOEN WHITE. Total num- ber. Attending school. Num- ber. Per cent. Total num- ber. Attending school. Num- ber. cent. Ohio Akron •Canton Hamilton 1/ima Lorain l^ewark Springfield Ybungstown Zanesville Oklahoma Huskogee Oklahoma City Pennsylvania Allentown Altoona Chester Easton Erie Harrlsburg Hazleton Johnstown Ijancaster McKeesport New Castle Norristown borough Beading Shenandoah borough Wilkes-Barre Williamsport York Rhode Island Newport Pawtucket Warwick town. ', ■Woonsocket South Carolina Charleston Columbia Tennessee Chattanooga '. Knoxvllle Texas Austin Dallas El Paso FortWorth Galveston Houston San Antonio "Waco TTtah Ogden Salt Lake City Virginia iforfolk Portsmouth Boanoke Washington Tacoma West Virginia Huntington Wheeling. Wisconsin Oreen Bay La Crosse Madison Oshkosh Bacine Sheboygan Supenor 6,640 15,426 14,075 14,438 10,440 7,289 18, 492 15,973 8,332 15,594 12,507 13,012 9,563 6,746 25,751 8,022 20,337 8,526 12,260 7,885 14,601 8,027 12,006 17,022 7,272 11,790 10,725 8,872 24,699 11,195 19, 713 9,663 21,125 28,655 8,231 7,735 25,862 8,801 17,717 9,371 10,517 20,360 9,418 11,018 7,680 9,078 6,578 9,716 10, 473 8,176 10,992 10,189 7,477 5,814 5,317 4,857 4,037 7,479 11,091 4,166 3,908 9,392 7,938 9,085 5,822 4,261 10,576 10, 437 5,321 8,526 7,531 8,158 6,964 3,761 14,407 4,675 12,568 6,446 7,363 5,882 8,993 4,689 6,685 8,654 6,833 5,747 5,688 13, 440 5,901 10,433 5,661 10,941 15, 350 4,782 5,422 17,173 4,680 10,040 4,792 6,129 13,262 5,659 6,139 5,120 6,927 4,604 6,310 6,468 4,911 7,721 .w.e 10,341 57.3 8,630 59.5 7,369 63.4 6,868 64.6 2,563 61.3 5,524 61.6 8,801 54.8 7,248 59.1) 6,806 58.9 60.9 56.4 62.9 55.8 68.5 57.2 65.3 63.9 54.7 60.2 62.7 62.3 55.6 55.9 68.3 61.8 63.9 60.1 74.6 62.0 58.4 55.7 60.8 63.2 58.0 53.6 64.1 54.4 52.7 52.9 67.5 51.8 53.6 58.1 70.1 66.4 63.2 66.7 61.1 58.3 65.1 60.1 55.7 66.7 65.3 70.0 64.9 61.7 60.1 70.2 3,882 12,036 10,589 11,106 5,592 5,689 8,661 12,890 3,291 8,712 10,061 4,905 6,178 4,408 20,686 1,892 8,409 6,671 11,019 3,167 3,846 2,049 1,852 6,288 3,654 6,226 8,127 4,895 16,782 3,998 14,066 4,175 10,735 14,389 5,370 4,054 11,961 5,692 9,400 5,251 7,505 9,004 8,620 7,309 3,785 3,904 3,709 3,490 3,025 2,631 2,872 6,333 5,335 4,504 4,373 1,826 3,469 6,585 4,494 3,475 2,361 7,611 6,311 7,124 3,285 3,394 6,386 8,569 2,270 6,282 6,090 3,331 3,490 2,695 11,900 1,223 5,768 4,322 6,651 2,442 2,716 1,399 1,268 3,776 2,214 3,927 4,622 3,326 9,411 2,672 7,795 2,676 5,830 8,448 3,296 2,982 8,649 3,150 5,854 2,853 4,575 6,202 5,124 4,289 2,781 2,839 2,791 2,029 2,091 1,764 2,155 61.2 61.8 61.1 63.7 71.2 62.6 63.5 62.0 59.9 60.8 62.4 59.6 64.1 58.7 60.7 62.2 66.4 69.0 60.6 60.5 67.9 67.4 58.9 57.5 64.6 68.6 64.8 60.4 77.1 70.7 68.3 68.6 60.0 60.6 63.1 55.6 67.9 66.1 64.3 65.4 61.7 54.3 68.7 61.4 73.6 71.5 66.3 62.3 54.3 61.0 68.9 60.1 68.7 73.5 72.7 75.2 76.3 69.1 69.7 76.0 5,382 3,334 2,068 1,137 3,316 786 1,946 9,616 714 254 1,463 2,239 2,661 2,931 1,147 8,258 1,392 4,379 4,540 1,997 6,250 2,955 1,656 3,702 4,796 9,941 1,433 786 8,324 4,395 6,824 1,240 146 670 430 1,421 2,916 2,892 1,732 3,046 3,363 8,236 3,160 11,899 248 374 9,136 262 3,047 3,707 4,917 2,508 6,646 6,168 4,588 6,776 1,829 1,137 726 2,315 484 1,091 5,460 437 157 911 1,358 1,-612 1,656 686 4,661 985 2,781 2,604 1,211 4,081 2,009 827 2,026 3,135 6,087 874 3,011 5,350 2,792 4,172 725 91 278 870 1,664 1,581 969 1,784 1,742 4,339 529 2,183 7,727 415 222 6,013 155 1,637 2,250 2,971 1,630 3,423 3,844 2,690 4,942 59.4 54.9 55.0 63.9 69.8 61.7 56.1 57.4 61.2 61.8 62.3 60.7 60.6 56.5 59.8 56.4 70.8 63.5 57.4 60.6 65.3 68.0 53.1 54.7 65.4 61.2 61.0 63.5 77.2 64.3 63.6 61.1 58.5 62.8 71.9 64.7 61.2 57.1 54.7 55.9 58.6 51.8 52.7 59.3 69.1 64.9 71.4 68.9 51.4 59.4 61.6 63.7 1,514 1,007 181 129 1,638 187 136 3,077 103 1,218 560 736 472 1,500 630 659 2,260 240 1,623 1,302 518 1,173 1,332 1,827 147 151 462 2,265 1,636 3,324 158 160 162 449 3,954 446 499 578 2,915 127 464 1,831 40 479 137 85 1,974 42 60.7 162 60.4 235 6,5.0 321 60.fi 550 fi2.3 1,261 ■58.6 1,065 72.9 1,282 563 275 78 54 666 46 41 943 36 257 276 211 145 488 269 268 602 116 597 388 182 371 316 605 64 53 188 879 472 1,244 45 180 1,570 100 184 181 1,098 56 233 813 17 230 60 32 901 16 110 65 100 167 241 605 456 37.2 27.3 43.1 41.9 43.3 24.6 30.1 30.6 34.0 23.9 21.1 49.3 28.7 30.7 32.6 42.7 40.7 26.6 48.3 36.8 29.8 36.1 31.6 23.7 33.1 43.5 35.1 40.7 30.7 37.4 31.6 27.8 40.1 39.7 22.4 36.9 31.3 37.7 44.1 60.2 44.4 48.0 36.5 46.6 24.0 42.8 42.6 48.9 43.8 40.4 43.2 46.9 165 68 145 258 106 86 1,258 400 361 2,370 1,682 28 111 1,180 80 73 1,061 3 80 209 232 127 263 189 3 160 275 304 364 68 46 5 9,336 3,406 4,734 2,099 2,389 4,546 332 3,467 1,939 6,442 3,096 1,834 27 106 2,920 6,341 3,175 2,562 133 603 203 95 38 94 164 50 48 761 194 209 907 12 73 670 35 41 624 2 38 114 149 67 147 110 1 118 186 160 4,104 1,631 2,331 1,446 2,184 177 1,668 1,016 3,186 1,458 1,336 2,925 1,474 1,300 76 365 103 67.6 64.S 63.6 47.2 60.6 48.5 67.9 55.2 53.9 66.8 56.8 54.6 64.2 52.8 55.9 68.2 73.8 67.6 52.6 67.2 44.0 45.0 49.2 43.3 60.5 48.0 53.3 46.2 52.4 49.5 47.1 49.0 57.6 46.1 46.4 50.9 56.4 60.5 60.7 236 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. COMPARATIVE SXTBOIAIIY: 1910 AND 1900. In comparing the results of the census of 1910 with those of the preceding census, two considerations must be borne in mind. In the first place the principal tabu- lations of the census of 1900 relate to persons from 5 to 20 years of age, while those of 1910 relate to persons from 6 to 20 years of age. This renders it impossible to carry the comparison between the two censuses into all the various details which have been exhibited in connection with the figures for 1910. In order, how- ever, to permit a general comparison of the statistics of the two censuses, certain special tabulations have been made for 1910 with the same age groups as in 1900. A further distinction between the census of 1910 and that of 1900 hes in the form in which the question was asked. In 1910 the question was whether the person enumerated had attended school at any time between September 1, 1909, and the date of enumeration, April 15, 1910. In 1900 the question was asked as to how many months the person enumerated had attended school during the year prior to the date of enumeration, June 1, 1900. The whole number of persons for whom the length of school attendance was reported was taken to be the aggregate number attending school. It is possible that the greater complexity of the ques- tion led to less complete returns at the earlier census, in which case the increased proportion of persons re- ported as attending school for 1910, as compared with 1900, would be due in part to greater accuracy in the returns. TJnited States as a whole. — Table 19 gives for the United States as a whole comparative figures for 1910 and 1900 for each of the main population groups, with distinction of sex. In every group of the population given in the table without exception the proportion reported as attend- ing school was greater in 1910 than in 1900. Of the total population from 5 to 20 years of age, 59.2 per cent were reported at the later census as attending school, as against 50.5 per cent at the earlier census. Among the three subordinate age groups which appear in Table 19 the group 5 to 9 years shows the great- est difference between the proportions reported at the two censuses, and the group 15 to 20 years shows the smallest difference. Among the important racial classes the negroes show the largest gain during the decade in the proportion attending school. The per- centages for the Chinese and Japanese also were much higher in 1910 than in 1900, but of course these races have very few representatives between the ages of 5 and 20 years. Divisions and states. — Comparative figures for school attendance as reported at the censuses of 1910 and 1900 for the total population from 5 to 20 years of age, with percentages for the minor age groups, are given, by divisions and states, in Table 20, page 238. In every division and state and for each of the age groups, except for the age group 15 to 20 years in Nevada, the percentage of children reported as attend- ing schoolwas greater in 1910 than in 1900. Moreover, in nearly every case the greatest gain appears to be in the proportion for the age group 5 to 9 years. The gains in the percentages shown for the total population from 5 to 20 years of age, and especially for the age group fronx 5 to 9 years, are particularly noticeable in the three southern divisions, and point at the same time to increased school accommodations and to a growing habit of sending children to school at an earlier age. It may be noted specifically that in West Virginia and the District of Columbia alone in the southern divisions was the proportion of the population from 5 to 20 years of age reported as attending school in 1900 as much as one-half. In 1910, on the other hand, there were only five southern states in which the proportion was less than one-half. SCHOOL ATTENDANCE.- COMPARATIVE STATISTICS OP SCHOOL ATTENDANCE, FOR THE UNITED STATES: 1910 AND 1900. [Per cent not shown where base Is less than 100.] 237 'Table 19 CLA.S3 OP POPULATION. Total Hale Female White Male Female Negro « Male Female Indian Chinese Japanese All other Native white Male Female Native parentage Male Female Foreign or mixed parentage Female Foreign-bom white Male Female TOTAL NUMBER OF PEBS0N3 ATTENDINQ SCHOOL. 1910 18,009,891 9, 037, 666 8,972,236 16,279,292 8,220,847 8,058,445 1,670,650 783, 869 886, 781 53,458 3,887 2,512 92 15,627,786 7,882,607 7, 745, 179 11,110,583 5,611,901 5,498,682 4,517,203 2, 270, 706 2,246,497 661,506 338,240 313,266 1900 13,367,147 6, 668, 823 6, 698, 324 12,231,004 6,137,874 6,093,130 1,096,734 509,984 586,750 37,537 1,349 523 11,849,815 5,943,300 5,906,515 8, 244, 687 4,141,997 4,102,690 3,605,128 1, 801, 303 1,803,825 ■ 381, 189 194,574 186,615 PERSONS 5 TO 20 YEARS Or AGE. 1910 Total nuinber. 29,786,997 14, 962, 530 14, 833, 467 25,992,293 13,092,081 12,900,212 3,677,860 1,797,688 1,880,172 102,163 6,039 356 24,403,180 12,267,050 12,136,130 17,246,081 8,691,250 8,554,831 7,157,099 3,575,800 3,581,299 1,589,113 825,031 764,082 Attending school. Number. 17,646,877 8, 833, 633 8,813,344 15,945,412 8,031,699 7,913,813 1,644,769 771,687 873,172 51,877 3,314 1,459 66 15,330,814 7,715,983 7,614,831 10,892,753 6,488,627 6,404,126 41438,061 2,227,366 2,210,705 614,598 315,616 Per cent. 59.2 69.1 69.4 61.3 61.3 61.3 44.7 42.9 46.4 50. 45.5 24.2 16.7 62. 62.9 62.7 63.2 63.2 63.2 62.0 62.3 61.7 38.7 1900 Total number. 26,041,940 13, 048, 637 12,993,403 22,441,947 11,271,583 11,170,364 3, 499, 187 1,721,758 1,777,429 89,632 4,927 6,247 21,248,914 10, 687, 136 10,661,779 14,876,716 7,606,903 7,369,812 6,372,199 3,180,232 3, 191, 967 1,193,033 684,448 608,685 Attending school. Number. 13,160,900 «, 644, 412 6,616,488 12,039,594 6,021,453 6,018,141 1,083,616 603,099 680, 417 36,243 1,250 297 11,668,616 6,833,638 5,835,078 8,112,850 4,061,193 4,051,657 3,655,766 1,772,346 1, 783, 421 370,978 187,916 183,063 Per cent. 60.5 60.2 60. 53.6 53.4 53.9 31.0 29.2 32.7 40. 25.4 4.8 64.9 54.6 65.2 54.5 64.1 56.0 55.8 55.7 65.9 31.1 32.2 30.1 PERSONS 5 TO 9 YEARS OF AGE. 1910 Total number. 9,760,632 4, 924, 123 4, 836, 609 8,475,173 4, 285, 366 4,189,807 1,246,663 619, 175 627,378 36,541 1,264 l,r" 13 8,176,664 4, 134, 714 4,041,950 5,861,015 2,969,230 2, 891, 785 2, 315, 649 1,165,484 1, 160, 165 298,509 150, 652 147,857 Attending school. Number. 6,024,993 3, 028, 267 2, 996, 726 6,495,043 2,771,424 2,723,619 514,014 248,936 266,078 14,818 655 453 6 6,291,676 2,668,630 2,623,046 3,669,619 1,851,934 1,817,585 1,622,057 816,696 806,461 203,467 102,894 100,573 Per cent. 61.7 61.5 62.0 64.8 61.7 65.0 41.2 40.2 42.3 40.6 51.8 42.1 64.7 64.5 64.9 62.6 62.4 62.9 70.0 70.1 70.0 68.2 68.3 68.0 1900 Total number. 8,874,123 4,479,396 4, 394, 727 7,638,326 3,862,349 3,776,977 1,202,768 600,410 602,348 31,937 1,024 78 7,491,134 3, 788, 622 3,702,512 5,174,220 2, 623, 791 2,550,429 2,316,914 1,164,831 1,152,083 147,192 73,727 73,465 Attending school. Number. 4,266,302 2, 164, 307 2, 111, 996 3,971,175 2,009,800 1,961,375 284,784 139,201 145,583 9,851 462 40 3,886,680 1,966,766 1,918,814 2,516,045 1,276,468 1,240,587 1,369,536 691,308 678,227 86,696 43,034 42,561 Per cent. 48.1 48.1 48.1 62.0 52.0 51.9 23.7 23.2 24.2 30.8 44.1 51.9 51.9 51.8 48.6 48.6 48.6 59.1 59.3 58.9 68.2 58.4 57.9 fable 19— Continued. CLASS OF POPULATION. PERSONS 10 TO 14 YEARS OP AGE. 1910 Total number. Attending school. Number. Per cent. 1900 Total number. Attending school. Number. Per cent. PERSONS 15 TO 20 YEARS OF AGE. 1910 Total number. Attending school. Number. Per cent. 1900 Total number. Attending school. Number. Per cent. 26.9 26.2 27.6 Total Male Female White Male Female Negro Male Female Indian Chinese Japanese All other Native white Male Female Uative parentage Male Female Foreign or mixed parentage Male Female IToreign-bom white Male - Female 9,107,140 4, 601, 763 4,606,387 8,028,662 4, 036, 106 3,992,667 88.2 87.7 8,080,231 4, 083, 041 3, 997, 193 6,461,394 3, 216, 586 3,236,809 79.8 78.8 81.0 10,918,225 , 6, 426, 654 5, 491, 671 3,693,222 1, 769, 161 1,824,061 32.9 32.6 33.2 9,087,583 4,486,100 4,601,483 2,443,204 1, 174, 520 1,268,684 7,918,408 4,006,104 3,912,304 1,155,266 678,074 677,192 31,393 1,676 477 21 7,560,078 3,824,801 3,735,277 6,324,283 2,700,656 2,623,627 2, 235, 796 1,124,145 1,111,650 358,330 181,303 177, 027 7,212,607 3,643,988 3,568,619 791, 995 379, 486 412,509 22,446 1,221 376 18 6,904,116 3,486,397 3, 417, 718 4,827,471 2,439,554 2,387,917 2,076,644 1,046,843 1,029,801 308, 492 157,691 160, 901 91.1 91.0 91.2 68.6 65.6 71.6 71.5 77.6 78.6 6, 959, 238 3,519,303 3,439,935 1,091,990 548, 642 543,348 27,979 845 182 5, 846, 411 2,928,743 2,917,668 587,560 277,832 309,728 16,885 479 59 84.0 83.2 84.8 53i8 50.6 67.0 60.3 56.7 32.4 91.3 91.2 91.5 90.7 90.3 91.0 92.9 93.1 92.6 86.1 86.9 85.2 6,647,673 3,361,671 3, 286, 002 4,660,390 2,364,797 2,296,693 1,987,283 996, 874 990,409 311,665 157, 632 153, 933 5,618,931 2,813,012 2,806,919 3,904,900 1,956,336 1,948,564 1, 714, 031 856,676 867,365 227,480 116,731 111, 749 84.6 83.7 85.4 83.8 82.7 84.9 86.2 85.9 73.0 73.4 72.6 9,598,712 4,800,611 4,798,101 1, 276, 041 600,439 675,602 4,447 4,474 322 4,307,535 4,358,903 6,060,783 3,021,364 3,039,419 2,605,656 1,286,171 1,319,484 932,274 493,076 439,198 3,237,762 1,616,187 1,621,575 338, 750 143,166 195,686 14,613 1,438 626 33 3,135,123 1,661,056 1,574,067 2,395,763 1,197,139 1,198,624 739,360 363,917 376,443 102, 639 55, 131 47,508 33.7 33.7 33.8 26.5 23.8 42.7 32.3 14.0 10.2 36.2 36.2 36.1 39.5 39.6 39.4 28.4 28.3 28.6 11.0 11.2 10.8 7,844,383 3,889,931 3,964,452 1,204,439 572, 706 631,733 29,716 3,058 5,987 2,222,008 1,082,910 1,139,098 211, 172 86,066 126,106 9,607 319 28.3 27.8 28.8 17.5 15.0 19.8 32.0 10.4 3.3 7,110,107 3,536,842 3,573,266 5,042,105 2,518,315 2,523,790 2,068,002 1,018,627 1,049,476 734,276 353,089 381,187 2,164,105 1,063,760 1,110,345 1, 691, 906 829,399 862,506 472,200 224,361 247,839 57,903 29,150 28,763 30.4 29.8 31.1 33.6 32.9 34.2 22.8 22.0 23.6 7.9 8.3 7.5 238 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. COMPARATIVE STATISTICS OF SCHOOL ATTENDANCE, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES: 1910 AND 1900. Table 20 PEKSONS 5 to 20 YEAES OF AGE. PEBS0N8 UNDEB 5 AND OVER 20 YEAB3 OP AGE ATTENDING SCHOOL. PEB CENT OP POPULATION ATTENDING SCHOOL. DIVISION AND STATE. Total number. Number attending school 5 to 20 years of age. 5 to 9 years of age. 10 to 14 years of age. 15 to 20 years of age. 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 United States 29,786,997 26,041,940 17,616,877 13,160,900 363,014 206,247 59.2 SO. 6 61.7 48.1 88.2 79.8 32.9 26. » Geographic Divisions: 1,848,762 5,737,064 5,604,728 3,827,601 4,459,130 3,116,180 3,299,750 799,419 1,093,363 1,567,619 4,740,858 5,293,105 3,660,016 3,999,118 2,944,696 2,590,067 535,358 ■ 711,213 1,193,369 3,466,647 3,602,178 2,476,434 2,377,044 1,701,020 1,765,344 494,287 681,564 901,924 2,528,223 3,007,220 2,154,346 1,616,366 1,209,673 1,019,020 296,627 427,513 28,869 74,726 73,825 65,167 41,400 "29,171 29,756 10,904 19,206 26,237 38,894 47,628 32,852 21,623 15,966 10,966 4,460 8,622 64.5 60.3 62.6 64.7 53.3 54.6 53.5 61.8 62.3 67.5 63.3 56.8 58.9 40.4 41.1 39.3 56.4 60.1 79.6 70.4 70.1 67.7 49.9 60.0 46.6 69.3 63.4 66.6 69.3 58.3 67.0 32.6 31.3 25.4 49.2 68.7 94.1 92.9 93.8 93.6 78.7 79.0 80.5 90.2 94.1 90.0 85.7 88.1 88.3 65.6 65.8 68.3 86.2 91.8 29.0 .26.2 30.9 38.3 33.6 37.2 36.4 40.6 38.2 24.1 Middle Atlaatic 20.2 East North Central "West North Central 27.7 33.9 25.* East S outh Central West S outh Central Mountain 28.3 26.7 34.8 Pacific 34.7 New England: Maine 209,063 118,951 101,396 941,376 158,287 319,689 2,620,393 768,864 2,367,807 1,405,040 8^2, 260 1,729,929 854,710 782,789 693,788 721,392 1,063,618 198,361 198,023 400,452 551,967 61,948 415,906 84,491 750,782 428,683 847,886 607,937 998,715 262,783 812,192 795,122 811,307 697,659 695,930 622,046 611,791 1,469,983 100,972 104,469 38,693 231,389 114,227 61,634 130,809 17,326 314,213 187,043 592,107 199,163 110,895 98,614 777,110 124,646 267,101 2,136,764 572,923 2,031,171 1,338,345 843,885 1,589,915 790,276 730,685 612,990 767,870 1,105,258 112,789 147,165 386,384 527,660 59,636 403,026 77,291 704,771 366,471 753,826 560,773 885,725 197,600 798,027 780,421 733,222 633,026 529,375 638,267 300, 781 1,215,634 65,871 64,964 27,600 160,631 69,712 38,868 106,613 11,399 158,245 132,887 420,081 137,671 76,058 69,348 614,106 93,674 202,603 1,611,496 469,147 1,386,004 881,138 618,312 1,041,227 658,126 603,376 452,077 487,453 663,609 119,006 124,217 269,593 369,579 36,703 230,123 52,124 395,987 263,150 486,528 295,288 487,408 130,733 466,705 443,411 389,969 401,935 327,911 262,764 388,319 796,350 61,468 67,291 23,270 149,779 65,808 30,761 85,602 10,308 196,781 118,005 366,778 117,016 61,022 68,879 464,419 64,691 145,897 1,152,712 306,760 1,069,761 779,999 486,821 866,281 466,-148 418,971 352,063 483,969 597,367 58,138 88,614 243,907 330,397 28,466 183,399 39,027 297,304 184,294 313,063 174,681 310,214 85,907 381,434 336,072 236,922 266,246 227,374 162,192 129,015 610,439 38,177 32,711 14,740 95,075 28,336 17,136 64,017 6,435 99,318 82,237 246,968 3,160 1,492 1,183 16,014 2,668 4,462 39,367 10,125 25,234 16,960 11,430 23,119 10,800 11,626 10,790 11,819 12,463 2,643 2,686 6,236 8,520 627 4,606 2,664 5,709 4,261 8,668 6,071 7,373 2,622 7,776 7,779 6,876 6,740 6,884 4,203 5,882 13,727 1,287 1,312 476 3,633 909 686 2,464 249 4,914 3,404 10,888 2,960 1,271 1,203 13,913 1,363 4,637 20,261 3,488 16,145 10,723 6,130 13,544 8,678 8,653 5,766 8,709 6,744 710 1,307 4,669 4,957 287 2,451 877 4,026 2,116 4,626 2,847 3,374 1,019 3,860 4,845 3,611 3,750 2,806 1,527 1,527 6,106 433 376 177 1,653 336 369 908 218 1,413 1,274 5,935 65.9 63.9 68.4 66.2 69.2 63.3 61.6 60.6 58.8 62.7 62.3 60.2 65.3 64.3 65.2 67.6 61.4 60.0 62.7 67.3 67.0 57.6 56.3 61.7 62.7 61.4 57.4 48.6 48.8 49.7 67.3 65.8 48.1 67.6 55.0 40.6 63.6 54.2 60.9 64.4 60.3 64.7 67.6 49.9 66.4 69.6 62.6 63.1 61.9 68.8 65.0 59.7 68.5 61.9 56.7 53.9 63.4 52.7 68.3 67.6 64.6 67.7 67.3 57.4 63.0 54.0 61.6 60.1 63.1 62.6 47.7 46.5 50.5 42.2 51.7 41.5 31.2 35.0 43.6 47.8 43.1 32.3 40.3 43.0 28.3 42.1 42.0 58.0 59.6 63.6 59.2 40.6 44.1 60.1 66.5 62.8 61.9 68.6 76.0 76.8 77.9 81.2 74.4 80.9 73.2 74.8 66.0 69.7 66.8 67.8 73.9 75.4 67.9 76.9 63.4 67.6 60.3 73.5 66.6 60.3 60.8 67.4 44,2 59.5 60.9 42.9 47.8 47.6 54.1 60.0 40.2 56.9 60.5 38.1 68.0 43.6 61.0 66.4 62.4 66.6 53.3 46.9 60.5 62.8 61.3 61.2 65.3 61.9 62.6 64.6 68.6 64.6 67.2 60.8 62.5 66.9 69.0 56.3 56.9 60.4 61.3 56.9 67.2 50.3 43.2 61.6 61.4 67.8 46.9 46.1 44.9 33.1 41.7 30.2 22.6 29.3 34.4 38.2 33.1 20.4 33.5 32.0 21.4 31.6 22.6 55.5 50.3 61.3 55.0 31.7 40.1 60.6 52.4 60.9 67.9 68.1 92.4 94.5 96.6 94.5 91.6 94.3 94.4 91.8 91.6 94.3 93.5 92.7 95.5 93.9 95.6 94.0 91.6 90.0 92.0 94.9 95.2 88.4 85.7 93.2 80.5 90.9 79.8 71.9 72.2 73.8 84.4 81.7 71.7 78.2 77.8 - 62.5 91.2 84.8 90.3 93.2 91.4 93.4 81.7 77.6 95.0 90.0 94.5 94.2 93.8 89.5 87.5 92.1 91.2 84.0 89.9 88.1 84.2 83.7 91.4 90.6 83.2 89.8 88.4 89.5 91.0 83.4 84.3 90.5 91.8 91.1 78.8 76.6 87.5 68.5 82.1 63.3 52.1 58.2 71.1 76.8 68.4 54.5 61.6 66.3 50.5 •66.9 77.5 89.9 90.5 86.7 89.0 65.6 68.9 92.2 86.7 93.0 92.7 91.1 36.2 29.3 36.2 29.2 23.2 24.9 27.3 23.7 25.6 32.2 32.8 28.3 33.7 29.6 37.7 38.0 36.4 36.5 40.3 39.8 44.2 30.1 24.8 35.0 36.6 37.4 43.2 32.6 27.9 30.8 36.5 38.9 34.4 39.0 39.8 23.0 44.4 37.2 37.2 47.2 36.6 40.7 40.7 30.8 44.1 34.3 39.6 41.2 36.6 31.5 New Hampshire 23.6 28.8 24.0 16.5 20.4 Middle Atlantic: New York 19.4 17.7 21. S East Noeth Central; Ohio 29.5 Indiana 31.1 Illinois 26.3 Michigan 26.6 24.1 West North Central: 27. S 34.4 31.3 28.4 South Dakota 39.4 Nebraska 38.4 41.5 South Atlantic: 22.2 18.6 District of Columbia Virginia 27.5 27.3 34.3 33.1 20. S 19.3 Florida 27.6 East South Central: 30.7 Tennessee 30.1 24.2 27.8 West South Centeal: 32.5 14.5 Oklahoma 1 . , 29.3 28.9 Mountain: 32.3 Idaho 40.3 Wyoming 29.2 36.9 New Mexico 26.1 26.4 Utah 39.9 37.2 Pacific: 37.5 38.9 32.5 • Includes population of Indian Territory for 1900. ILLITERACY. 239 IIIITERACY. UNITED STATES AS A WHOXiE. The population schedule for the census of 1910 con- tained two inquiries relating to illiteracy, namely, as to whether the person enumerated was able to read and as to whether he or she was able to write. An- swers to these questions were required only in the case of persons 10 years of age and over. The sta- tistics, unless otherwise more particularly limited, relate to this class of the population. The Bureau of the Census classifies as illiterate any person 10 years of age or over who is unable to write, regardless of ability to read. A considerable number of persons were reported as able to read, though not able to write, but the statistics in regard to this class have not seemed of sufficient significance to call for a sepa- rate presentation in a sununary of illiteracy statistics. Nnmber of illiterates. — ^The whole number of persons 10 years of age and over enumerated at the census of 1910 who were reported as unable to write was5,516,163. The distribution of this number by color or race, nativ- ity, and parentage, together with corresponding figures for the three previous censuses, is given in Table 21. Table 21 ILLTTEKATE POPULATION 10 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER. CLASS OF POPULATION. 1910 1900 1890 Number. Per cent of total. 1880 Total S, 516, 163 100.0 6,180,069 16,324,702 6,239,958 White 3,184,633 1,534,272 1,378,884 155,388 1,650,361 2,227,731 85,445 10,891 6,213 1,250 57.7 27.8 25.0 2.8 29.9 40.4 1.6 0.2 0.1 m 3,200,746 1,913,611 1,734,764 178,847 1,287,135 2,853,194 96,347 25,396 4,386 3,212,574 2,066,003 1,890,723 174,280 1,147,571 3,042,668 I 69,460 3,019,080 2,265,460 * Native parentage Foreign or mixed par. 763,620 Inman. . Ohir»f\se All other 1 Exclusive ot Illiterate persons in Indian Territory and on Indian reservations, areas specially enumerated In 1890, but for wbicb illiteracy statistics are not ayailabte. ' Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. The whites, who in 1910 constituted 89.3 per cent of the total population 10 years of age and over, con- tributed 57.7 per cent of the illiterates, while the negroes, constituting 10.2 per cent of the total popu- lation 10 years of age and over, contributed 40.4 per cent of the illiterates. Among the remaining classes — the Indians, Chinese, Japanese, and aU others — the total number of illiterates was 103,799, or 1.9 per cent of all illiterates reported. The number of illiterates reported in 1910 was con- siderably less than the number reported at any of the three preceding censuses covered by Table 2 1 . Despite the fact of continuous growth in the population of the country, there was comparatively little diflFerence in the number of illiterates reported at the censuses of 1880, 1890, and 1900, the largest number being re- ported in 1890. From 1890 to 1910 the number of illiterate whites gradually decreased, while the number of illiterate native whites has shown a decrease at each succeeding census sioce 1880, the decrease being most marked between 1900 and 1910. On the other hand, the number of illiterate foreign- born whites steadily Lacreased, rising from 763,620 in 1880 to 1,650,361 in 1910. The number of illiterates among the negroes was decidedly smaller in 1910 than in 1890, the first census year at which illiterate negroes were clearly distinguished from all other classes of the population. Percentage of illiteracy. — The significance of the figures relating to illiteracy can best be seen by a com- parison of the number of illiterates with the corre- sponding total population. Table 22 shows the total population 10 years of age and over, and the number and percentage illiterate, by color or race, nativity, and parentage. Table 23 POPULATION 10 TEARS OF AGE AND OVER: 1910 CLASS OF POPULATION. Total. Illiterate. Number. Per cent. Total - . 71,580,270 S, 516, 163 7 7 Wliite 63,933,870 60,989,341 37,081,278 13 908 063 12,944,629 7,317,922 188,758 68,924 67,661 3,136 3,184,633 1,534,272 1,378 884 155,388 1,660,361 2,227,731 86,446 10,891 6,213 1,250 5 3.0 Native parentage 3 7 Foreign or mixed parentage Foreign bom 1.1 12 7 Negro 30 4 45.3 15. & Japanese 9 2 All other. 39 9 Of the entire population 10 years of age and over in 1910, 7.7 per cent were illiterate. Of the whites 5 per cent were illiterate and of the negroes 30.4 per cent. Among the foreign-born whites 12.7 per cent were illiterate as compared with 3 per cent among the native whites. The lowest percentage of illiteracy, 1.1, was among the native whites of foreign or mixed parentage, while among the native whites of native parentage the percentage was 3.7. The changes in the percentage of illiteracy in the United States since 1880 are shown for the several classes of the population in Table 23. Table 23 CLASS OF POPULATION. PERCENTAGE OF ILLITERATES IN POPULATION 10 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER. 1910 1900 1890 1S80 Total 7.7 10.7 13.3 White 6.0 3.0 3.7 1.1 12.7 30.4 45.3 15.8 9.2 39.9 6.2 4.6 5.7 1.6 12.9 44.6 56.2 29.0 18.2 7.7 6.2 7.5 2.2 13.1 57.1 45.2 9 4 Native 8.7 Indian . . 70. Japanese 240 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. The percentage of illiteracy for the population as a whole declined from 17 in 1880 to 7.7 in 1910. With the exception of the foreign-bom whites, each class of the population shared in this decline, which was gradual and iminterrupted from census to census. In the native white group the percentage of illiteracy in 1910 was less than one-half as high as in, 1880, and the same is evidently true of the negroes, who con- stituted much the larger part of the total non- white population for which the percentage is shown for 1880. The percentage of illiteracy among the foreign-bom whites increased somewhat between 1880 and 1890, but decreased slightly during the following decades. Illiteracy by sex. — ^Table 24 gives for 1910 a state- ment of illiteracy by sex and by color or race, nativ- ity, and parentage. Table 24 CLASS OF POPULATION. Total. WUte Native. Native parentage Foreign or mixed parentage Foreign bom Negro Indian. . . . Cliinese... Japanese.. All other.. POPULATION 10 TEARS OF A6E AND OVEK: 1910 Male. Total. 37,027,553 Bliterate. Number. 2,814,950 Per cent. 5.0 3.1 3.8 1.2 U.8 ,30.1 4l.5 is.o 8.6 *0.5 Femile. Total. 34,552,712 30,769,641 25,146,308 18,147,527 6, 998, 781 5,623,333 3,680,536 92. 176 3,445 6,852 62 Illiterate. Number. 2,701,213 1, 522, 128 738, 217 662, 958 75,259 783,911 1,131,731 45,341 1,042 966 5 Per cent. 7.8 4.9 2.9 3.7 1.1 13.9 30.7 49.2 30.2 14.1 (') 1 Per cent not shown wliere base Is less than 100. In the total population 10 years of age and over the percentage of iUiteracy for females was slightly higher than that for males, ^he percentage for females was greater than that for males among the negroes, Indians, Chinese, and Japanese, the difference being especially marked in the case of the last three classes named. Among the whites the percentage of iUit- eracy was sHghtly greater for males than for females. Figures for the component elements of the white group show, however, that among the native bom, whether of native or of foreign or mixed parentage, illiteracy was less frequent among females, while among the foreign born the contrary was the case. Illiteracy by age periods. — ^Table 27 on the next page shows the total population in the various age groups, with the number and percentage illiterate, classified by sex and by color or race, nativity, and parentage. Table 25 reproduces the more important percentages shown in Table 27. While for the entire population 10 years of age and over the percentage of iUiteracy was 7.7, it wiU be noted that in the age group 10 to 14 years only 4.1 per cent were UUterate. Each succeeding age group shows a greater proportion, of Uliterates, but not untU the age group 35 to 44 years is reached does the percentage of iUiteracy for a single group become as large as the average for all ages; in the final age group, 65 years and over, however, the proportion of ilUteracy was almost double the average for the total population 10 years of age and over. These figures reflect in part the educational conditions under which successive gen- erations have grown up. A particular interest attaches to the figures for the younger groups, inasmuch as they indicate in some degree the efficiency of our present educational system. As in the population as a whole, so in each of its main classes except the foreign-bom whites, the proportion of iUiteracy is larger in each succeeding age group. The maximum percentage of illiteracy for the foreign-born whites, 15.3, is shown for the age group 20 to 24 years, but in each succeed- ing age group except the last — 65 years and over — the proportion of Uliterates for this class was smaUer than in the preceding group. The fact that immigra- tion in recent years has been drawn more largely than formerly from countries with a high degree of iUiter- acy probably accounts for this condition. Table 26 PEECENTAGE OF ILLITERATES IN POPULATION 10 TEARS OF AGE AND over: 1910 All classes. White. AGE PERIOD. Total. Native. For- Total. Native parent- age. Foreign or mixed parent- age. Negro. 10 years and over. 10 to 14 years 7.7 4.1 4.9 6.9 7.3 8.1 10.7 14.5 5.0 1.8 2.8 4.6 5.2 5.4 6.7 9.4 3.0 1.7 1.9 2.3 2.4 3.0 6.0 7.3 3.7 2.2 2.4 2.8 3.0 3.8 6.0 7.6 1.1 0.6 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.1 1.9 4.7 12.7 3.5 12.8 15.3 14.4 12.3 11.1 13.8 30.4 18.0 20.3 23.9 24.6 32.3 52.7 74.5 20 to 24 years 25 to 34 years. - 35 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over Illiteracy in the urban and the rural population. — ^The proportion of iUiteracy is higher in the rural than in the urban population. Table 26 shows the percent- age of iUiteracy for the urban and the rural population in 1910, classified by color or race, nativity, and par- entage. (For absolute numbers see Table 32 on a subsequent page.) Table 36 CLASS OF POPULATION. PERCENTAGE OF ILLFTERATES IN POPULATION 10 TEARS OF AGE AND OVER: 1910. Total. Urban. Rural. Total 7.7 5.1 10.1 White 5.0 3.0 3.7 1.1 12.7 30.4 31.6 4.2 0.8 0.9 0.7 12.6 17.6 11.0 6.8 4.8 5.4 1.9 13.2 36.1 40.0 Native parentage Indian, Chinese, Japanese, and all other ILLITERACY. 241 ILLITERATES IN THE POPULATION 10 YEARS OP AGE AND OVER, FOR THE UNITED STATES: 1910 AND 1900. [Per cent not shown where base is less than 100.] Table 27. CLASS or POPULATION. Total population. Male Female White Male.... Female. Negro Male Fenlale. Indian, Mde.... Female. Chinese Male Fefnale. Japalitee Male.... Female. Native Whlt( teiaale Native parentage . female Foreign or mixed parentage . Female Foreign-born white. Male Female population 10 yeabs op age and over: 1910 > Total. 71,680,270 37,027,558 34,552,712 63,933,870 33,164,229 30,769,641 7,317,922 3,637,386 3,680,636 188, 758 96,582 92, 176 68,924 65,479 3,445 67,661 60,809 6,852 50,989,341 25,843,033 25,146,308 37,081,278 18,933,751 18, 147, 527 13,908,063 6,909,282 6,998,781 12,944,529 7,321,196 5,623,333 Illiterate. Number. 5,616,163 2,814,950 2,701,213 3, 184, 633 1,662,605 1,522,128 2,227,731 1,096,000 1,131,731 85,445 40,104 45,341 10,891 9,849 1,042 6,213 5,247 1,534,272 796,055 738,217 1,378,884 716, 926 662, 958 156,388 80, 129 75,259 1,650,361 866, 450 783,911 Per cent. 7.7 7.6 7.8 6.0 6.0 4.9 30.4 30.1 30.7 46.3 41.5 49.2 15.8 15.0 30.2 14.1 3.0 3.1 2.9 3.7 3.8 3.7 1.1 1.2 1.1 12.7 11.8 13.9 population 10 yeabs of age and oveb: 1900 ' Total. 67,949,824 29,703,440 28,246,384 51,260,918 26,327,931 24,922,987 6,415,581 3,181,650 3,233,931 171,662 86,604 85,048 87,682 84,141 3,641 24,091 23,214 877 41,236,662 20,912,940 20,323,722 30,310,261 15,452,855 14,857,406 10,926,401 5,480,085 6,466,316 10,014,256 5, 414, 991 4,599,265 Illiterate. Number. 6,180,069 3,011,224 3,168,845 3,200,746 1,567,153 1,633,693 2,853,194 1,371,432 1,481,762 96,347 46,376 60,971 25,396 23,052 2,344 4,386 4,211 176 1,913,611 956,617 958,094 1,734,764 862, 175 872,589 178,«47 93,342 85,505 1,287,135 611, 636 676, 499 Per cent. 10.7 10.1 11.2 6.0 6.6 44.5 43.1 45.8 66.2 62.6 59.9 29.0 27.4 66.2 18.2 18.1 20.0 4.6 4.6 4.7 5.7 5.6 6.9 1.6 1.7 1.6 12.9 11.3 14.7 persons 10 to 14 yeabs of age: 1910 Total. 9,107,140 4,601,763 4,605,387 7,^18,408 4,006,104 3,912,304 1,166,266 678,074 577, 192 31,393 16,199 16,194 1,675 1,086 477 273 204 7,560,078 3,824,801 3,736,277 6,324,283 2,700,656 2,623,627 2,235,795 1, 124, 145 1,111,650 368,330 181,303 177,027 Illiterate. Number. 370,136 211,763 168, 373 144, 676 82,669 62,106 218,666 126,616 92,939 6,798 3,523 3,275 87 44 43 20 10 10 131,991 76,369 65,632 117,973 69,087 48,886 14,018 7,272 6,746 12,684 6,210 6,474 Per cent. 4.1 4.6 3.5 l.g 2.1 1.6 18.9 21.7 16.1 21.7 21.7 21.6 5.6 4.1 8.S 4.2 3.7 4.9 1.7 2.0 1.5 2.2 2.6 1.9 0.6 0.6 0.6 3.5 3.4 3.7 Table 37— Continued. CLASS OF POPULATION. PERSONS 15 TO 19 YEARS OF AGE: 1910 Total. Total population bale Female White Male Female Negro Male Female Indian Male Female Chinese Male Female Japanese Male Female Native white Male Female Native parentage Male Female Foreign or mixed parentage Male Female Foreign-born white Male Female 9,063,603 4,527,282 4,536,321 7,968,391 3, 999, 143 3,969,248 1,060,416 507,945 552, 471 28,486 14,612 13, 874 3,439 3,059 380 2,674 2,328 346 7,294,630 3,647,389 3,647,241 5,089,055 2,562,628 2,636,527 2,205,575 1,094,861 1,110,714 673,761 351,764 322,007 Illiterate. Number. 448,414 262,770 185,644 226, 432 132, 616 93,816 214, 860 126, 459 88,401 6,613 3,169 3,344 303 258 46 228 190 140,323 85,510 54,813 121,878 75,394 46,484 18,445 10, 116 8,329 86, 109 47,106 39,003- Per cent. 4.9 6.8 4.1 2.8 3.3 2.4 20.3 24.9 16.0 22.9 21.7 24.1 8.4 11.8 8.5 8.2 11.0 1.9 2.3 1.5 2.4 3.0 1.8 0.8 0.9 0.7 12.8 13.4 12.1 PERSONS 20 TO 24 YEARS OF AGE: 1910 Total. 9,066,984 4,580,290 4,476,694 7,986,411 4,070,955 3,915,466 1,030,795 482, 157 548,638 21,844 11,265 10,579 4,451 3,979 472 12,914 11,375 1,539 6,556,030 3,247,035 3,308,995 4,682,922 2,332,914 2,350,008 1,873,108 914, 121 958,987 1,430,381 823,920 606,481 Illiterate. Number. 622,073 343,460 278, 623 367,669 211,861 155,808 245,860 126,970 118,890 6,766 3,138 3,618 559 425 134 1,026 855 171 148,641 84,686 63,955 130, 991 75, 193 55, 798 17,560 9,393 8,157 219, 128 127,275 91,853 Per cent. 7.5 6.2 4.6 5.2 4.0 23.9 26.3 21.7 27.9 34.2 12.6 10.7 28.4 7.9 7.6 11.1 2.3 2.6 1.9 2.8 3.2 2.4 0.9 1.0 0.9 15.3 15.4 15.1 PERSONS 26 TO 34 YEABS OP AGE: 1910 Total. 15,162,188 7,901,116 7,261,072 13,524,412 7,089,393 6,435,019 1,549,316 753,968 795,348 33,380 16,993 16,387 10,551 9,708 843 33,182 29,731 3,451 10,356,001 5,210,149 5,145,852 7, 450, 676 3,788,166 3,662,509 2,905,326 1,421,983 1,483,343 3,188,411 1,879,244 1,289,167 lUiterate. Number. 1,102,384 597,667 604,727 702,962 403,285 299,677 380,742 183,993 196,749 13,692 6,184 7,508 1,634 1,241 2,925 2,427 247,774 136,583 111,191 220,797 121,983 98,814 26,977 14,600 12,377 455,188 286,702 188,486 Per cent. 7.3 7.6 7.0 6.2 6.7 4.7 24.6 24.4 24.7 41.0 36.4 46.8 14.5 12.8 34.8 8.8 8.2 14.4 2.4 2.6 2.2 3.0 3.2 2.7 0.9 1.0 0.8 14.4 14.2 14.6 1 Includes the small group "Age unknown," statistics for which are not shown separately. 72497°— 13 16 242 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. ILLITERATES IN THE POPULATION 10 YEARS OF AGE AND-OVER, FOR THE UNITED STATES: 1910 AND 1900— Oontd. Table 87— Continued. CLASS OP POPULATION. Total population Hale Female White Male Female Negro Male Female Indiali , , .' Male. Female Chinese Male Female Japanese Male Female Native white Male Female Native parentage Male •. Female Foreign or mixed parentage Sfale Female Foreign-bom white Male Female PERSONS 35 TO 44 YEARS OF AQE: 1910 Total. 11,657,687 6,163,366 5,604,321 10,512,117 5,561,221 4,950,896 1,088,862 550,130 538,732 26, 795 13,847 12,948 15,402 14, 748 654 13,945 12,865 1,080 7,800,549 3,997,695 3,802,854 5,495,766 2,854,044 2,641,722 2,304,783 1, 143, 651 1, 161, 132 2,711,568 1,563,526 1,148,042 HUterate. Number. 940,610 466,287 474,223 569,403 303, 719 265,684 351,858 152, 132 199, 726 15,291 6,951 8,340 2,205 1,948 257 1,493 1,277 216 235,489 120,488 115,001 210, 694 107,355 103,339 24, 795 13, 133 11,662 333, 914 183,231 150,683 Per cent. 8.1 7.6 8.6 5.4 5.5 5.4 32.3 27.7 37.1 57.1 50.2 64.4 14.3 13.2 39.3 10.7 9.9 20.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.8 3.8 3.9 1.1 1.1 1.0 12.3 11.7 13.1 PERSONS 45 TO 64 YEARS OP AGE: 1910 Total. 13,424,089 7,163,332 6,260,767 12,249,904 6,518,282 5,731,622 1, 108, 103 595,554 512, 549 32,925 17,055 15,870 29,647 29, 113 534 3,219 3,045 174 8,857,386 4,623,547 4,233,839 6,740,000 3,547,325 3,192,675 2,117,386 1,076,222 1,041,164 3,392,518 1,894,735 1,497,783 Illiterate. Number. 1.436,907 672, 684 764, 223 Per cent. 10.7 9.4 12.2 821,957 387,641 434,316 584,514 267,588 316,926 24,397 11,'«79 12, 718 5,436 5,203 233 451 422 29 446,855 217,383 229,472 405,784 197,258 208,526 41,071 20,125 20,946 375, 102 170,258 204,844 6.7 5.9 7.6 52.7 44.9 61.8 74.1 68.5 80.1 18.3 17.9 43.6 14.0 13.9 16.7 5.0 4.7 5.4 6.0 5.6 6.5 1.9 1.9 2.0 11.1 9.0 13.7 persons 65 years op age and over: 1910 Total. 3,949,534 1,985,976 1,963,548 3,640,003 1,825,019 1,814,984 294,124 162,482 141, 642 12,986 6,130 6,856 2,330 2,268 62 38 2 2,456,654 1,218,011 1,238,643 2,201,068 1,089,349 1, 111, 719 255, 586 128,662 126,924 1, 183, 349 607,008 576,341 Illiterate. Number. 573,799 248, 875 324,924 342,420 135,102 207,318 219,255 107,877 111,378 11,372 5,178 6,194 717 179,219 73,035 106, 184 167,099 67, 752 99,347 12,120 5,283 6,837 163,201 62,067 101, 134 Per cent. 14.fr 12.5 16.6 9.4 7.4 11.4 74.5 70.7 78.6 87.6 84.5 90. J 30.8 30.1 7.3 6.0 8.6 7.6 6.2 8.9 4.7 4.1 5.4 13.8 10.2 17.5 While in tlie whole urban population 10 years of age and over in 1910, 5.1 per cent were illiterate, in the rural population the percentage was 10.1,' or almost double. The contrast between urban and rural illiteracy is by far the greatest in the case of the native whites of native parentage, of whom less than 1 per cent were illiterate in urban communi- ties and over 5 per cent in rural districts. There was also a much higher percentage of illiteracy among the negroes in rural districts than in urban communities. The differences here observed between the per- centages of illiteracy in the urban and the rural population explain in part the differences in the pro- portion of illiteracy among the different classes of the population as a whole. Because of the high proportion of the native whites of native parentage and of the negroes living ia rural districts, the per- centage of illiteracy for each of these two classes as a whole approaches the percentage indicated for that portion of the class Uving in the rural districts. On the other hand, the native whites of foreign or of mixed parentage are largely city dwellers, and then- general percentage approaches the urban percentage more closely than the rural. It may be noted that the considerable divergence be- tween the native whites of native parentage and those of foreign or mixed parentage almost disappears when the figures for the two classes are compared for urban communities. Further hght upon the differences among the various classes can be gained from a study of the geographic distribution of illiteracy. DIVISIONS AND STATES. The significance of the number of illiterates can be seen most clearly when a comparison is made with the aggregate population in which the illiterates are con- tained. It has seemed advisable in some cases, how- ever, to give the number and percentage of illiterates without the aggregate population on which the per- centage is based, it being understood that the figures representing the total population in any age group may be found in Chapter 3, relating to age. The impor- tance, however, for the study of illiteracy, of the pop- ulation 10 years of age and over makes it desirable to print here for convenience of reference the sta- tistics of this population classified according to sex and color or race, nativity, and parentage,for divisions and states (Table 29, page 244). ILLITERACY. 243 Percentage of illiteracy. — Table 30 (page 247) gives by divisions and staters for 1910 and 1900 the number and percentage illiterate, with separate fig- ures for the most important of tbe color or race, nativity, and parentage classes. Table 28 presents in more compact form the percentages alone for the divisions, and for the larger sections of the country — the North, the South, and the West, which comprise respectively the first four, the next three, and the last two divisions. Table 28 PEBCENTAGE OF ILUTERATES IN POPULATION 10 TEAKS or AGE AND ovek: 1910 All classes. Native white. Foreign- born white. DIVISION AND SECTION Native parentage. Foreign or mixed parentage. Negro. 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 TTnlted States 7.7 5.3 5.7 3.4 2.9 16.0 17.4 13.2 6.9 3.0 10.7 6.0 6.8 4.3 4.1 23.9 24.9 20.5 9.6 4.2 3.7 0.7 1.2 1.7 1.7 8.0 9.6 6.6 3.6 0.4 5.7 0.9 2.0 2.8 2.9 12.0 13.6 9.2 7.1 0.8 1.1 1.3 0.8 0.9 0.7 1.2 1.7 7.7 1.2 0.5 1.6 2.1 1.2 1.4 1.1 2.1 2.6 9.1 1.9 0.9 12.7 13.8 15.8 10.1 7.6 13.5 9.7 25.6 12.5 8.0 12.9 16.2 15.8 10.2 8.0 12.9 10.4 27.2 10.6 7.3 30.4 7.8 7.9 11.0 14.9 33.5 34.8 33.1 8.0 6.3 New England Middle Atlantic East North Centi-al West Nortli Central South Atlantic East South Central West South Central Mountain Pacific 11.6 14.2 18.5 25.4 47.1 49.2 48.0 13.5 12.7 The North The South The West 4.3 15.6 4.4 5.0 23.3 6.3 1.4 7.7 1.7 2.4 11.8 3.4 0.9 4.3 0.8 1.4 5.1 1.3 12.7 18.8 9.5 12.8 19.1 8.5 10.5 33.3 7.0 18.2 48.0 13.1 In the total population 10 years of age and over the percentage of illiteracy in 1910 was practically the same in. the North and the West, but, it was much greater in the South. The division showing the lowest proportion of illiterates was the West North Central, where only 2.9 per cent of the population 10 years of age and over were reported as illiterate, while the high- est proportion, 17.4, was reported for the East South Central division. In the North the percentage of illiteracy was somewhat higher in the Middle Atlantic and New England divisions, where the foreign born are more numerous, than in the two central divisions. The percentage of illiteracy was decidedly higher in the Mountain division than in the Pacific, but it should be noted that this higher percentage is mainly due to exceptionally high percentages in two states — New Mexico and Arizona. In all divisions the percentage of illiteracy for native whites of native parentage was lower than that for the total population. The lowest percentage of illiteracy in this class in any division was in the Pacific, where only 0.4 per cent were reported as illiterate, and the highest percentage, 9.6, in the East South Central. The proportion of illiterates among the native whites of native parentage was considerably lower in New England than in the other divisions of the North. Among the native whites of foreign or mixed par- entage the percentage of illiteracy was very small, fall- ing below 2 in all divisions except the West South Cen- tral. In the last-named division illiterates formed 7.7 per cent of the population of this class 10 years of age and over, this high figure being maialy due, however, to the exceptionally high percentage in the state of Texas. The proportion of illiterates among the native whites of foreign or mixed parentage was less than among those of native parentage in all of the divisions except the West South Central, New England, and Pacific. The highest percentage of illiteracy among the for- eign-born whites was in the West South Central divi- sion and the lowest in the West North Central. Of the divisions where the foreign-born whites are numerous, the l^iddle Atlantic shows the highest percentage of illiteracy for this class and New England the next highest. The percentage of illiteracy among the negroes was highest, 34.8, in the East South Central division. In the South as a whole in 1910 one-third of the negroes were illiterate. In the North, where the negroes are comparatively few, the percentage of illiteracy was 10.5, and in the West, where their numbers are insignificant, the percentage of illiteracy was only 7. Comparing the figures for 1910 and 1900, it will be noted that, for the population as a whole and for both native white groups and for the negroes, the percentage of illiteracy was less in every division in 1910 than in 1900; considerably less, except for the population as a whole, in the Middle Atlantic division, where the figures were affected by a rather large iacrease in the pro- portion of foreign born in the total population. The decline in the proportion of illiterates among the negroes for the South as a whole, from nearly one-half in 1900 to one-third in 1910, is particularly conspicuous. The percentages of illiterates in the several states among the different population classes conform in the main to those of the division in which the state is located. The figures showing the number and per cent of illiterates in each class by states are given in Table 30, page 245, and are graphically illustrated by the maps on pages 246 and 247. 244 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. " POPULATION 10 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES: 1910. Table 29 nmSION AND STATE. IJnlted States Geographic divisions; New England Middle Atlantic East North Central. . West North Central. South Atlantic East South Central.. West South Central. Mountain Paciflc New Englaot): Maine New Hampshire Vermont Massachusetts Bbode Island Connecticut Middle Atlantic: New York New Jersey Pennsylvania East Nobth Central: Ohio Indiana Illinois Michigan , Wisconsin West North Central: Minnesota Iowa Missouri North Dakota South Dakota Nebraska Kansas South Atlantic: Delaware Maryland District ol Columbia. Virginia West Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Florida East South Central: Kentucky Tennessee Alabama Mississippi West South Central: Arkansas Louisiana Oklahoma ' Texas Mountain: Montana Idaho Wyoming Colorado New Mexico Arizona Utah Nevada Pacific: Washington Oregon California TOTAL. Male: 1910 Female: 1910 White: 1910 Negro: 1910 Indian, Chinese, Japanese, and all other: 1910 NATTVE WHITE- Foreign- bom white: 1910 1910 1900 Native parentage: 1910 Foreign or mixed parentage: 1910 71,580,270 67,949,824 37,027,658 31,552,712 63,933,870 7,317,922 328,478 37,081,278 13,908,063 12,944,629 5,330,914 4,524,602 2,649,897 2,681,017 5,270,232 55,321 5,361 2,135,801 1,377,187 1,757,244 15,446,515 12,167,659 7,863,684 7,582,931 15,079,257 351,546 15,712 6,565,900 3,851,367 4,661,990 14,568,949 12,443,302 7,529,768 7,039,181 14,297,054 254,546 17,350 7,370,025 3,941,206 2,985,823 9,097,311 7,838,564 4,807,164 4,290,147 8,860,838 203,641 32,832 4,798,510 2,482,634 1,579,694 9,012,826 7,616,169 4,528,942 4,483,884 6,018,022 2,986,936 7,868 5,397,864 339,771 280,387 6,178,578 5,474,227 3,116,286 3,062,292 4,215,494 1,960,898 2,186 3,946,830 184,771 84,893 6,394,043 4,649,988 3,334,078 3,069,965 4,881,289 1,460,705 52,049 4,101,510 449,348 330,431 2,054,249 1,276,076 1,185,047 869,202 1,965,656 18,765 69,838 1,081,180 461,408 423,068 3,496,885 1,959,347 2,012,792 1,484,093 3,346,028 25,576 125,282 1,684,658 820,371 840,999 603,893 666,440 307,375 296,518 601,890 1,166 837 406,951 89,603 105,336 354,118 337,893 178,151 175,967 353,543 480 96 193,583 66,984 92,976 289,128 278,943 148,686 140,442 287,653 1,446 29 183,292 56,707 47,664 2,742,684 2,267,048 1,340,517 1,402,167 2,707,729 31,718 3,237 900,749 786,386 1,020,594 440,065 344,824 219,221 220,844 431,632 7,913 520 129,279 130,449 171,904 901,026 730,464 456,947 445,079 887,786 12,698 643 321,947 247,068 318,780 7,410,819 6,801,682 3,727,218 3,683,601 7,284,110 115,843 10,866 2,539,893 2,109,639 2,634,678 2,027,946 1,480,498 1,029,649 998,297 1,961,911 74,577 1,468 788,065 526,998 636,848 6,007,760 4,885,379 3,106,717 2,901,033 6,843,236 161,126 3,388 3,237,942 1,214,730 1,390,564 3,848,747 3,289,921 1,970,027 1,878,720 3,754,104 93,910 733 2,352,681 822,149 579,274 2,160,405 1,968,215 1,108,767 1,051,638 2,109,222 60,650 533 1,654,670 298,956 165,696 4,493,734 3,727,746 2,333,230 2,160,604 4,398,331 92,928 2,476 1,941,879 1,287,893 1,168,659 2,236,252 1,896,266 1,163,836 1,072,417 2,215,706 14,557 6,989 919,837 716,066 579,803 1,829,811 1,561,156 953,909 875,902 1,819,691 2,500 7,620 500,958 816,142 502,591 1,628,635 1,305,657 882,046 746,689 1,615,427 6,366 6,842 389,726 691,786 533,915 1,760,286 1,711,789 912,728 847,668 1,747,403 12,380 503 962,435 515,722 269,246 2,594,600 2,371,865 1,334,851 1,259,749 2,461,353 132,385 862 1,792,819 444,956 223,578 424,730 229,161 240,658 184,072 419,432 646 4,752 108,422 160,669 150,461 443,466 294,304 245,991 197,475 428,265 697 14,504 170,391 159,540 98,334 . 924,032 799,765 491,706 432,326 913,984 6,725 3,323 465,426 276,062 172,497 1,321,562 1,126,033 699,184 622,378 1,274,974 44,542 2,046 909,292 234,009 131,673 163,080 145,500 83,787 79,293 138,265 24,777 38 102,321 19,004 16,940 1,023,950 920,715 507,421 616,629 843)047 180,454 449 690,715 151,381 100,951 279,088 231,837 131,983 147,105 198,668 79,964 466 136,907 37,996 23,755 1,536,207 1,364,601 770,504 765,793 1,039,333 496,418 546 985,058 28,636 25,639 903,822 701,646 483,221 420,601 862,778 60,925 119 756,184 41,948 64,646 1,578,595 1,346,734 781,434 797,161 1,082,797 490,396 5,403 1,070,405 6,658 5,734 1,078,161 942,402 531,692 646,469 493, 820 684,064 277 478,726 9,183 5,911 1,885,111 1,577,334 939,791 945,320 1,038,626 846,195 290 1,003,230 20,740 14,656 564,722 385,490 299,109 265,613 330,698 233,744 280 274,318 24,226 32,155 1,722,644 1,589,685 874,306 848,338 1,512,398 210,028 218 1,360,814 112,013 39,571 1,621,179 1,480,948 817, 174 804,005 1,260,304 360,663 212 1,210,016 32,303 17,985 1,641,576 1,304,703 773,416 768,160 878,570 662,366 649 835,692 24,587 18,291 1,293,180 1,098,891 651,391 641,789 664,222 727,851 1,107 639,308 16,868 9,046 1,134,087 934,332 688,133 546,954 806,683 327,009 395 761,189 29,040 16,454 1,213,576 990,364 612,534 601,042 686,979 525,450 1,147 646,698 90,948 50,333 1,197,470 661,379 648,116 549,360 1,047,264 101,157 49,065 934,912 73,278 39,064 2,848,904 2,163,913 1,485,295 1,363,609 2,340,373 507,089 1,442 1,859,711 266,082 224,680 303,661 191,596 190,263 113,288 291,125 1,633 10,793 124,768 76,901 89,466 249,018 119,837 146,783 102,235 243,544 578 4,896 145,414 58,511 39,619 117,585 72,062 77,260 40,325 112,567 2,024 2,994 62,033 24,153 26,381 640,846 426,424 350,684 290,162 627,167 9,990 3,689 369,056 135,086 123,026 240,990 141,282 131,828 109,162 225,048 1,344 14,508 186,206 18,608 21,236 157,659 94,147 94,812 62,847 133,843 1,691 22,125 61,983 28,136 43,724 274,778 196,769 147,009 127,769 269,016 1,026 4,736 104,666 102,611 61,840 69,822 34,969 46,408 23,414 63,346 469 6,007 28,156 17,403 17,787 933,556 408,437 552,586 380,970 904,957 5,517 23,082 469,716 210,313 234,928 655,631 328,799 324,717 230,914 539,613 1,359 14,659 331,492 107,362 100,759 2,007,698 1,222,111 1,135,489 872,209 1,901,458 18,699 87,541 893,450 502,696 505,312 1 Includes population of Indian Territory for 1900. ILLITERACY. 245 ILLITERATES IN THE POPULATION 10 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES: 1910 AND 1900. Table 30 NATIVE -WHITE. TT'fstnn^'Kr of 'Kvn'e>r\ all ChXaordO. Native parentage. Foreign or mixed parentage. FUnll.Hjri|-BOivii YV Hi liLi. DIVISION AND STATE. 1910 1900 1910 190C 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 Num- Per Num- Per Num- Per Num- Per Num- Per Num- Per Num- Per Num- Per Num- Per Num- Per ber. cent. ber. cent. ber. cent. ber. cent. ber. cent. ber. cent. ber. cent. ber. cent. ber. cent. ber. cent. XTnlted States. . 5,516,163 7.7 6,180,069 10.7 1,378,881 3.7 1,734,764 5.7 155,388 1.1 178,817 1.6 1,650,361 12.7 1,287,136 12.9 2,227,731 30.1 2,853,194 44.5 Geogeaphic divs.: New England. . . 280,806 6.3 272,402 6.0 15,551 0.7 19,262 0.9 17,606 1.3 21,037 2.1 242,513 13.8 224,988 16.2 4,341 7.8 5,681 11.6 Middle Atlantic. 873,812 5.7 704,134 6.8 76,908 1.2 114,083 2.0 32,343 0.8 37,670 1.2 735,244 16.8 509,436 15.8 27,811 7.9 38,594 14.2 E. North Central 491,860 3.4 534,299 4.3 122,256 1.7 178,076 2.8 36,809 0.9 47,182 1.4 300,613 10.1 263,677 10.2 28,071 11.0 39,280 18.6 W. North Central 263,138 2.9 324,023 4.1 81,362 1 7 117,339 2.9 17,661 0.7 21,075 1.1 120,573 7.6 120,299 8.0 30,436 14.9 48,634 25.4 Soutn Atlantic. . 1,444,294 16.0 1,821,346 23.9 429,618 8.0 636,163 12.0 4,191 1.2 6,367 2.1 37,934 13.6 26,437 12.9 969,432 32.6 1,250,279 47.1 E. South Central 1,072,100 17.4 1,364,935 24.9 378,088 9.6 461,375 13.6 3,142 1.7 4,963 2.6 8,215 9.7 9,253 10.4 681,507 34.8 887,838 49.2 W. South Central 845,604 13.2 963,644 20.6 229,807 6.6 268,017 9.2 34,737 7.7 30,622 9.1 84,674 25.6 69,086 27.2 483,022 33.1 579,489 48.0 Mountain 140,737 6.9 122,901 9.6 39,253 3.6 43,743 7.1 5,754 1.2 5,773 1.9 62,960 12.5 29,939 10.6 1,497 8.0 1,840 13.5 Pacific 103,822 3.0 82,386 4.2 7,041 0.4 7,706 0.8 4,145 0.5 4,168 0.9 67,645 8.0 34,020 7.3 1,614 6.3 1,559 12.7 New England: - Maine 24, 554 4.1 29,060 5.1 6,776 1.4 6,880 1.7 4,048 1,377 4.5 4,514 6.7 14,394 13.7 17, 196 19.4 93 8.0 166 14.2 Now Hampshire 16,386 4.6 21,076 6.2 1,462 0.8 2,086 1.0 2.1 1,755 3.7 13,485 14.5 17,126 20.5 51 10.6 70 11.9 Vermont 10,806 3.7 16,247 6.8 2,234 1.2 3,231 1.8 2,261 4.0 3,703 6.8 6,239 13.1 9,206 21.4 69 4.8 99 14.6 Massachusetts. . . 141,641 6.2 134,043 6.9 3,428 0.4 3,912 0.6 6,735 0.7 6,827 1.2 129,412 12.7 119,682 14.6 2,584 8.1 2,853 10.7 Ehode Island... 33,864 7.7 29,004 8.4 944 0.7 1,196 1.0 2,309 1.8 2,618 2.8 29,781 17.3 24,167 18.7 752 9.5 1,063 14.1 Connecticut 53,666 6.0 42,973 5.9 1,707 0.5 1,968 0.6 1,876 0.8 1,720 0.9 49,202 16.4 37,723 16.3 792 6.3 1,441 11.6 Middle Atlantic: New York 406,020 5.5 318,100 6.5 21,292 0.8 29,188 1.3 16,026 0.7 18,162 1.1 362,025 13.7 258,423 14.0 5,768 5.0 9,180 10.8 New Jersey 113,502 5.6 86,668 5.9 8,562 1.1 13,511 2.1 3,691 0.7 3,620 1.0 93,551 14.7 59,307 14.1 7,405 9.9 9,882 17.2 Pennsylvania... 354,290 5.9 299,376 6.1 46,064 1.4 71,384 2.6 13,626 1.1 16,988 1.6 279,668 20.1 191,706 19.9 14,638 9.1 19,532 15.1 E. N. Centbal: Ohio 124,774 3.2 131,641 4.0 39,807 1.7 56,416 2.8 7,503 0.9 10,739 1.4 66,887 11.6 60, 165 11.1 10,460 11.1 14,107 17.8 Indiana 66,213 3.1 90,638 4.6 36,829 2.2 67, 137 3.9 4,126 1.4 6,663 2.2 18,200 11.7 16,069 11.4 6,959 13.7 10,694 22.6 Illinois 168,294 3.7 167,958 4.2 32,836 1.7 48,680 2.9 7,650 0.6 9,357 0.9 117, 751 10.1 86,668 9.1 9,713 10.5 12,903 18.1 Michigan 74,800 3.3 80,482 4.2 9,561 1.0 12,154 1.5 8,285 1.2 10,123 1.8 54,113 9.3 54,399 10.3 826 5.7 1,426 10.9 Wisconsin 57,769 3.2 73,778 4.7 3,223 0.6 3,689 1.0 8,246 1.0 10,300 1.5 43,662 8.7 56,396 11.1 113 4.5 260 11.4 "W. N. Centeal: Minnesota 49,336 3.0 62,94e 4.1 1,636 0.4 1,556 0.5 4,302 0.6 4,782 0.9 40,627 7.6 42,142 8.4 215 3.4 337 7.9 Iowa 29,889 1.7 40, 172 2.3 8,391 0.9 12,494 1.4 3,160 0.6 4,028 0.8 16,894 6.3 21,431 7.1 1,272 10.3 1,962 18.5 Missouri 111,116 13,070 4.3 3.1 162,844 12,718 6.4 6.6 60,070 349 3.4 0.3 89,203 279 5.6 0.6 6,172 1,064 1.2 0.7 7,202 784 1.7 1.1 22,631 9,474 10.1 6.3 19,944 8,432 9.3 7.8 23,062 26 17.4 4.8 36,390 31 28.1 North Dakota.. 12.8 South Dakota. . 12,750 2.9 14,832 6.0 556 0.3 432 0.6 683 0.4 772 0.8 4,896 6.0 5,835 6.7 38 5.6 51 13,3 Nebraska 18,009 1.9 17,997 2.3 2,787 0.6 3,311 0.8 1,491 0.5 1,406 0.7 12,264 7.1 11,911 6.8 482 7.2 633 11.8 Xansas 28,968 2.2 32,513 2.9 • 7,673 0.8 10,064 1.3 1,799 0.8 2,101 1.0 13,787 10.5 10,604 8.5 5,341 12.0 9,23* 22. S South Atlantic: Delaware 13,240 8.1 17,631 12.0 3,362 3.3 6,840 6.3 163 0.9 232 1.4 3,369 19.8 2,476 18.3 6,345 25.6 8,967 38.1 Maryland 73,397 7.2 101,947 11.1 17,464 3.0 23,837 4.7 1,488 1.0 2,595 1.9 12,047 11.9 12,262 13.4 42,289 23.4 63,033 35.1 Dist. of Columbia 13,812 4.9 20,028 8.6 797 0.6 975 0.9 163 0.4 163 0.5 1,944 8.2 1,342 7.0 10,814 13.6 17,462 24.3 Virginia 232,911 74,866 15.2 8.3 312,120 80,105 22.9 11.4 81,105 50,680 8.2 6.7 95,583 63,008 11.4 10.4 362 827 1.2 2.0 634 1,273 2.1 3.2 2,368 13,076 9.2 23.9 2,043 4,730 10.9 21.6 148,950 10,347 30.0 20.3 213,836 11,083 44.6 WestVirgmia.. 32.3 North Carolina. 291,497 18.5 386,261 28.7 131,992 12.3 175,325 19.6 197 3.0 320 6.1 477 8.3 262 6.1 166,303 31.9 208,132 47.6 South Carolina. 276,980 25.7 338,658 35.9 60,112 10.5 54,177 13.9 133 1.4 198 2.1 399 6.8 344 6.6 226,242 38.7 283,883 52.8 Georgia 389,775 77,816 20.7 13.8 480, 42C 84,285 30.5 21.9 79,875 14,331 8.0 5.2 99,948 16,470 12.2 9.0 328 640 1.6 2.2 483 669 2.5 3.6 875 3,390 6.0 10.6 833 2,145 7.0 11.6 308,639 69,603 36.5 25.5 379,067 64,816 52.4 Florida 38.4. E. S. Central: Kentucky 208,084 12.1 262,954 16.5 145,156 10.7 166,822 13.9 1,641 1.6 2,502 2.1 3,300 8.3 6,444 10.9 67,900 27.6 88,137 40.1 Tennessee 221,071 13.6 306,930 20.7 120,384 9.9 156,342 14.5 682 1.8 1,054 3.2 1,488 8.3 1,690 9.7 98,641 27.3 147,784 41.6 Alabama 362,710 22.9 443,690 34.0 84,204 10.1 102,779 15.2 664 2.3 791 3.6 2,063 11.3 1,313 9.3 266,628 40.1 338,605 57.4 Mississippi 290,235 22.4 351,461 32.0 28,344 6.3 36,432 8.1 355 2.2 606 3.8 1,364 16.1 806 10.7 269,438 36.6 313,312 49.1 W. S. Central: Arkansas 142,954 12.6 190,655 20.4 54,221 7.1 74,828 11.8 804 2.8 1,208 4.9 1,466 8.9 1,124 8.0 86,398 26.4 113,453 43.0 Louisiana 352, 179 29.0 381,145 38.5 82,100 16.0 78,899 20.4 3,269 3.6 3,328 3.8 12,086 24.0 14,324 28.6 254,148 48.4 284,028 61.1 Oklahoma I 67,567 6.6 67,826 12.1 32,606 3.6 34,284 8.1 964 1.3 1,086 3.1 3,828 9.8 2,157 10.8 17,868 17.7 14, 870 37.0 Texas 282,904 9.9 314,018 14.6 60,881 3.3 70,006 5.1 29,710 11.6 26,000 13.2 67,295 30.0 51,481 30.3 124,618 24.6 167,138 38.2 MomjTAiN: * Montana 14,457 4.8 11,675 6.1 403 0.3 406 0.6 333 0.4 346 0.8 8,445 9.4 4,264 7.0 114 7.0 152 11.4 Idaho 5,453 3,874 2.2 3.3 5,605 2,878 4.6 4.0 625 209 0.4 0.3 633 257 1.0 0.7 182 89 0.3 0.4 229 91 0.8 0.5 2,742 2,648 6.9 9.7 1,306 1,349 6.0 8.2 37 102 6.4 6.0 37 141 14.5 Wyoming 17.2 Colorado 23,780 3.7 17,779 4.2 7,445 2.0 7,920 3.3 688 0.5 772 0.9 13,897 11.3 7,264 8.1 856 8.6 962 13.0 New Mexico 48,697 20.2 46,971 33.2 28,689 15.5 32,532 30.8 1,649 8.9 1,993 16.8 6,580 31.0 4,397 34.8 191 14.2 271 19.1 Arizona 32,963 6,821 4,702 20.9 2.5 6.7 27,307 6,141 4,645 29.0 3.1 13.3 1,414 466 103 2.3 0.4 0.4 1,266 648 81 3.8 1.1 0.7 2,362 367 84 8.4 0.4 0.6 1,830 460 52 10.9 0.6 0.6 13,758 3,636 1,344 31.6 6.9 7.6 7,552 3,167 641 36.3 6.1 7.5 122 49 26 7.2 4.8 5.5 211 37 29 12.7 Utah 6.3 Nevada 23.0 Pacific: Washington 18,416 2.0 12,740 3.1 1,281 0.3 978 0.5 555 0.3 396 0.6 11,233 4.8 4,546 4.5 239 4.3 259 11.0 Oregon 10,504 74,902 1.9 3.7 10,686 58,959 3.3 4.8 1,437 4,323 0.4 0.5 1,745 4,983 0.9 1.0 404 3,186 0.4 0.6 435 3,337 0.7 1.0 6,120 50,292 6.1 10.0 2,207 27,267 4.1 8.7 46 1,329 3.4 7.1 89 1,211 8.8 California 13.4 1 Includes population of Indian Territory for 1900. 246 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. PERCENTAGE OF ILLITERATES IN THE POPULATION 10 YEARS OP AGE AND OVER: 1910. TOTAL POPULATION. NATIVE WHITES OF NATIVE PARENTAGE. ILLITERACY. 247 PERCENTAGE OP ILLITERATES IN THE POPULATION 10 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER: 1910. FOBEIGN-BOBN WHITES. NEGROES. 248 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. Illiteracy by sex. — Table 31 shows for 1910, by divisions and states, the number and percentage of illiterate males and females 10 years of age and over. As already noted, the percentage of illiteracy for females in the United States as a whole was slightly higher than that for males. In the New England, East North Central, East South Central, and Pacific divisions, however, the percentage of illiteracy for females was slightly less than that for males, and in the West North Central division the percentages for the two sexes were the same. Illiteracy in the urban and rural population. — Table 32, on page 249, shows by divisions for 1910 the urban and rural population 10 years of age and over, classified according to color or race, nativity, and parentage groups in each division in 1910 as urban or rural, giving the number and percentage of illiterates in each case. In the United States as a whole the percentage of illiteracy for the total population and for each class shown in the table was considerably higher in rural districts than ia urban communities. There were three divisions, however, the New England, the Middle Atlantic, and the East North Central, in which the percentage of illiteracy was the greater in urban communities. This exception to the general rule is explained by the relatively large number of foreign- bom whites living in the cities of the three divisions named. In the native groups shown, which comprise the native whites of native and of foreign or mixed parentage and the negroes, the proportion of illiterates was greater in the rural parts of all divisions than ,in the urban communities. The foreign-bom whites showed in general a somewhat higher percentage of illiteracy in rural districts than in urban communities, but an exception to this rule appears in the case of the two North Central divisions. There is a considerable foreign-bom white element in the rural population of these divisions, but the more recent growth of the foreign-bom population has been in the cities, and the fact that recent immigrants appear to be somewhat more illiterate than the earlier ones furnishes an ex- planation of the higher percentage of illiteracy among the foreign-bom whites in the urban communities than is found in the rural districts of this section of the country. ILLITERATES IN THE MALE AND FEMALE POPULATION 10 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES: 1910. Table 31 DIVISION AND STATE. TTnited States Geographic divisions: New England , Middle Atlantic East North Central.. West North Central. South Atlantic East South Central.. West South Central. Mountain Pacific New England: Maine New Hampshire Vermont Massachusetts Bhode Island Connecticut Middle Atlantic: New York. New Jersey Pennsylvania East North Central: Ohio Indiana Illinois Michigan Wisconsin West North Central: Minnesota Iowa Missouri North Dakota South Dakota Nebraska Kansas illiterates 10 TEARS OF AGE AND OVER: 1910 Male. Number. 2,814,950 140,326 442,488 262, 137 188,030 723,570 542,291 424,354 75,242 66,512 15,006 9,210 6,486 67,647 16,192 25,785 187,107 57,047 198,334 6S,38£ 35,956 86,729 41,617 29,450 25,819 15,633 58,106 6,645 6,216 9,489 16, 122 Per cent. 7.6 5.3 5.6 3.S 2.9 16.0 17.4 12.7 6.3 3.3 Female. Number. 2,701,213 140,480 431,324 229,713 125,108 720,724 529,809 421,250 65,495 37,310 4.9 9,548 5.2 7,176 4.4 4,320 5.0 73,894 7.4 17,662 5.7 27,880 S.0 218,913 5.5 56,455 6.4 155,956 3.5 56,389 3.2 30,257 3.7 81,565 3.6 33,183 3.1 28,319 2.9 23,517 1.7 14,256 4.4 63,010 2.8 6,425 2.6 6,534 1.9 8,620 2.3 12,846 Per cent. 7.8 5.2 5.7 3.3 2.9 16.1 17.3 13.8 7.5 2.5 3.2 4.1 3.1 5.3 8.0 6.3 5.9 5.7 5.4 3.0 2.9 3.8 3.1 3.2 3.1 1.7 4.2 3.5 3.3 2.0 2.1 division and state. South Atlantic: Delaware Maryland District of Columbia. Virginia West Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Florida East South Central: Kentucky Tennessee , Alabama Mississippi West South Central: Arkansas Louisiana Oklahoma Texas Mountain: Montana Idaho Wyoming Colorado New Mexico Arizona Utah., Nevada PACtnc: Washington Oregon Calilomia ILLITERATES 10 TEARS OP AGE AND OVER: 1910 Male. Number. 7,022 36,556 5,410 121,329 42,511 142,108 133, 126 196,026 109,877 112,986 173,726 14.5,702 71,243 171,423 36,876 146,812 9,895 3,831 2,869 12,680 20,965 18,183 3,990 2,829 11,724 7,214 47,674 Per cent. 8.4 7.2 4.1 16.7 8.8 18.2 25.0 20.9 13.2 12.6 13.8 22.5 22.4 12.1 28.0 6.6 5.2 2.6 3.7 3.6 16.9 19.2 2.7 6.1 2.1 2.2 4.2 Female. Number. 6,218 36,841 8,402 111,582 32,355 149,389 143,864 193, 749 38,334 98,207 108,085 178,984 144,533 71,711 180, 766 31,691 137,092 4,662 1,622 1,005 11,100 27,732 14,770 2^831 1,873 6,692 3,290 27,328 Per cent. 7.8 7.1 5.7 14.6 7.7 18.7 26.3 20.5 14.4 11.6 13.4 23.3 22.5 13.1 30.1 6.8 10.1 4.0 1.6 2.5 3.8 26.4 23.5 2.2 8.0 1.8 1.4 3.1 ILLITERACY. 249 The very much higher percentage of illiteracy shown for the native whites of native parentage in the United States as a whole than for the native whites of foreign or mixed parentage is due in large part to the exceptionally high percentages of iUiteracy among the native whites of native parentage in the southern divisions, where this nativity class makes up by far the greater part of the white population. These excep- tionally high percentages for the southern divisions are in turn due principally to the very large proportion of illiterates in the rural population of the South, in which section of the country somewhat more than three-fourths of the total population in 1910 resided in rural districts. ILLITERATES IN THE URBAN AND THE RURAL POPULATION 10 YEARS OF AGE ANB OVER, BY DIVISIONS: 1910. Table 32 NATIVE WHrlE. DIVISION AND CLASS OP all classes. Native parentage. Foreign or mixed parentage. FOREIGN-BOBN WHITE. NEGRO. OOMMDOTTY. Total. Illiterate. Total. Illiterate. Total. Illiterate. Total. Illiterate. Total. Illiterate. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. United States 71,580,270 34,649,176 36,931,096 6,616,163 1,768,132 3,748,031, 7.7 6.1 10.1 37,081,278 14,002,647 23,078,631 1,378,884 130,906 1,247,978 8.7 0.9 5.4 13,906,063 8,988,097 4,919,966 166,388 60,994 94,394 1.1 0.7 1.9 12,944,629 9,331,994 3,612,536 1,650,361 1, 172, 491 477,870 12.7 12.6 13.2 7,317,922 2,231,353 6,086,569 2,227,731 393,273 1,834,458 30.4 Koial 36 1 New England. 5,330,914 4,434,412 896,602 15,446,515 11,033,550 4,412,965 14,568,949 7,831,590 6,737,359 9,097,311 3,203,714 5,893,697 9,012,826 2,493,359 6,519,467 6,178,578 1,279,677 4,898,901 6,394,043 1,562,646 4,831,498 2,054,249 772,572 1,281,677 3,496,885 2,037,756 1,459,129 280,806 247,143 33,663 873,812 644,618 229,194 491,850 277,444 214,406 263,138 86,958 176,180 1,444,294 211,760 1,232,634 1,072,100 122,477 949,623 845,604 112,889 732,715 140,737 23,962 116,775 103,822 40,881 62,941 5.3 6.6 3.8 5.7 5.8 5.2 3.4 3.5 3.2 2.9 2.7 3.0 16.0 8.6 18.9 17.4 9.6 19.4 13.2 7.2 15.2 6.9 3.1 9.1 3.0 2.0 4.3 2,135,801 1,507,336 628,466 6,565,900 3,653,752 2,912,148 7,370,025 3,102,539 4,267,486 4,798,510 1,558,468 3,240,042 6,397,864 1,320,961 • 4,076,903 3,946,830 670,026 3,275,804 4,101,510 883,283 3,218,227 1,081,180 384,424 696,756 1,684,658 921,858 762,800 15,551 7,918 7,633 75,908 21,034 54,874 122,256 27,193 95,063 81,362 11,732 69,630 429,618 29,111 400,607 378,088 15,910 362,178 229,807 12,088 217,719 39,253 3,567 36,686 7,041 2,353 4,688 0.7 0.5 1.2 1.2 0.6 1.9 1.7 0.9 2.2 1.7 0.8 2.1 8.0 2.2 9.8 9.6 2.4 11.1 6.6 1.4 6.8 3.6 0.9 5.1 0.4 0.3 0.6 1,377,187 1,248,177 129,010 3,861,367 3,171,681 679,786 3,941,206 2,400,758 1,640,448 2,482,634 883,660 1,698,974 339,771 244,255 95,516 184,771 130,989 53,782 449,348 190,471 268,877 461,408 198,892 262,616 820,371 619,314 301,067 17,606 13,002 4,604 32,343 19,556 12,787 36,809 12,530 23,279 17,661 4,626 13,036 4,191 1,897 2,294 3,142 1,057 2,086 34,737 6,316 29,422 6,764 1,380 4,374 4,145 1,631 2,614 1.3 1.0 3.6 0.8 0.6 1.9 0.9 0.5 1.5 0.7 0.5 0.8 1.2 0.8 2.4 1.7 0.8 3.9 7.7 2.8 11.4 1.2 0.7 1.7 0.5 0.3 0.8 1,757,244 1,623,609 133,635 4,661,990 3,910,013 751,977 2,985,823 2,124,920 860,903 1,679,694 616,718 962,976 280,387 186,142 95,246 84,893 66,769 28,124 330,431 130,677 199,764 423,068 168,430 254,638 840,999 616,716 326,283 242,513 222,030 20,483 735,244 582,766 162,488 300,613 217,771 82,842 120,673 62,693 67,880 37,934 21,511 16,423 8,215 5,163 3,052 84,674 23,415 61,259 52,950 16,274 36,676 67,646 30,878 36,767 13.8 13.7 15.3 15.8 14.9 20.3 10.1 10.2 9.6 7.6 8.5 7.0 13.5 11.6 17.2 9.7 9.1 10.9 25.6 17.9 30.7 12.5 9.7 14.4 8.0 6.0 11.3 56,321 51,025 4,296 351,546 288,414 63,132 254,545 198,669 66,876 * 203,641 141,823 61,818 2,986,936 741,429 2,245,607 1,960,898 421,529 1,639,369 1,460,705 353,611 1,107,094 18,766 13,605 6,260 26,676 21,348 4,227 4,341 3,614 727 27,811 20,089 7,722 28,071 19,229 8,842 30,4.36 17,454 12,982 969,432 158,906 810,526 681,507 100,257 581,250 483,022 71,652 411,370 1,497 939 558 1,614 1,133 481 7 8 Urban Rural 16 9 Middle Atlantic Urban 7.9 7 Rural 12 2 East Nobth Central ... 11.0 Rural 15.8 14.9 12 3 West Noeth Central . . . Urban Rural South Atlantic 32.5 Urban 21.4 Rural East South Central Urban 34.8 23.8 Rural . ... . 37 8 West South Central . . . Urban. 33.1 20 3 37.2 8.0 7.0 Rural 10.6 Pacific 6.3 Urban 5.3 Rural 11 4 PRINCIPAL CITIES. Table 33 gives a statement of illiteracy in 1910 and 1900 by color or race, nativity, and parentage for cities having a population of 100,000 or more. Some- what less detailed statistics for cities having from 25,000 to 100,000 inhabitants are given in Table 34. Among the 50 cities having 100,000 inhabitants or more in 1910, there were four in which the proportion of illiterates in the total population 10 years of age and over was less than 2 per cent (Seattle, 1.1 per cent; Portland, Oreg., 1.2 per cent; Spokane, 1.3 per cent; and Los Angeles, 1.9 per cent), and 10 others in which the proportion of illiterates in the total population was between 2 and 3 per cent. The two cities having the largest percentage of illiteracy were Fall Kiver (13.2), where the high average was due to the large proportion of the foreign born in the population, and Birmingham (10.4), where the high average was due to the large pro- portion of negroes. The differences between the per- centages in other cities were Ukewise due in large part to differences in the proportions of foreign bom or negroes ; among the native whites there was relatively little variation in the percentage of illiteracy, which was uniformly very low. In general, the proportion of illiterates in the total population of these 50 cities was less in 1910 than in 1900. Eighteen cities, however — Albany, Bridgeport, Chicago, Denver, Detroit, Jersey City, Minneapolis, New Haven, Oakland, Omaha, Paterson, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Providence, Eochester, Scranton, Syra- cuse, and Worcester — constituted exceptions to this rule, and in each of these cities, it will be noted, there was a considerable increase in the number of illiterates of foreign birth. 250 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. ILLITERATES IN THE POPULATION 10 YEARS OP AGE AND OVER IN CITIES OF 100,000 INHABITANTS OR MORE: 1910 AND 1900. [Per cent not shown where base is less than 100.] Table 33 ALL CLASSES. NATIVE "WHITE. FOREIGN-BORN WHITE. NEG Native parentage. Foreign or mixed parentage. EC. 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Albany, N. Y. 2,762 10,813 20,325 11,026 24,468 4,440 12,745 2,540 79,911 9,576 20,676 4,442 2,224 3,841 18,731 12,276 2,271 5,874 11,797 4,937 5,258 9,886 6,172 8,855 10,765 6,139 7,947 7,502 18,987 254,208 151, B18 13,783 78,143 8,374 i,e90 16,553 3,863 2,798 6,927 57,700 28,627 2,145 14,236 8,641 6,916 21,123 3,751 7,697 8,933 2,217 1,123 5,629 3,809 13,812 5,977 3.2 8.6 4.4 10.4 4.4 5.4 3.7 3.0 4.5 3.1 4.6 2.9 2.3 2.1 5.0 13.2 2.5 3.0 5.6 2.3 1.9 5.3 6.0 8.0 3.6 2.4 8.8 7.0 6.9 6.7 8.0 f°l 3.8 3.9 6.0 3.0 2.7 6.9 4.6 6.2 1.2 7.7 8.2 3.8 3.7 2.1 2.1 8.9 1.1 1.3 4.9 2.8 4.9 5.C 2,181 11,406 29,148 5,986 23,320 2,999 13,152 3,388 , SI, 142 8,848 14,091 3,290 1,797 1,979 9,062 12,110 2,136 6,004 7,171 5,258 ■ 1,956 14,567 6,843 14,989 8,243 2,977 9,460 4,875 30,820 181,835 \ m,977 41,852 5,171 1,835 11,715 1,614 1,662 5,191 45,546 20,402 3,925 10,029 9,501 3,499 20,359 3,956 8,980 6,814 901 554 2,800 3,865 20,028 4,580 2.8 15.8 7.2 19.1 5.1 5.3 4.8 4.6 3.9 3.4 4.7 3.2 2.6 1.8 4.1 14.9 3.1 4.3 4.5 3.9 2.3 8.8 8.8 18.3 3.8 1.8 14.4 5.6 13.6 6.8 8.2 4.6 4.5 3.5 6.1 2.9 2.0 6.3 4.4 5.8 5.1 7.0 13. V 2.7 4.4 3.1 3.1 8.8 1.3 1.8 3.2 3.7 8.6 4.9 Ill 1,522 1,191 626 155 47 203 28 556 1,175 190 1,210 295 199 204 97 61 1,183 131 550 289 1,142 46 255 70 84 898 47 1,056 1,322 \ ii' 535 14s 58 222 90 92 201 2,219 429 96 156 703 146 1,112 65 194 174 68 47 204 462 797 82 0.3 2.1 0.6 1.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 1.0 0.2 1.3 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.9 0.2 0.9 0.2 0.4 0.2 1.3 0.3 0.5 0.1 0.1 1.8 0.2 1.0 0.2 O.S 0.2 O.B O.S O.S 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.9 0.5 0.3 0.1 0.3 1.3 0.2 0.6 0.1 0.2 0.6 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.8 0.6 0.2 144 1,049 2,351 187 165 47 255 32 442 590 177 770 362 100 165 118 98 1,057 89 544 282 1,263 75 246 82 77 1,020 57 1,419 1,367 \ 591 694 102 80 192 27 78 266 2,108 518 37 180 611 94 1,348 54 127 195 47 7 238 461 975 84 0.5 2.8 1.3 1.4 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.8 0.3 1.3 1.0 0.2 0.4 1.1 0.4 1.4 0.2 0.7 0.6 1.9 0.4 0.9 0.2 0.2 3.2 0.2 2.1 0.3 0.2 O.S 0.4 0.6 0.4 0.1 0.2 1.5 0.5 0.5 0.1 0.4 1.8 0.2 1.0 0.2 0.2 1.0 0.1 "'6.' 7 1.2 0.9 0.3 163 23 664 40 363 94 622 46 1,704 598 403 266 105 143 707 636 84 194 436 137 217 451 194 27 384 214 33 126 782 4,391 11,879 1,843 264 111 553 245 92 226 2,257 780 84 551 36 198 1,196 156 243 452 47 17 190 281 163 209 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.6 0.3 0.9 0.5 0.3 0.6 2.0 0.3 0.5 p. 6 0.4 0.4 1.0 0.7 0.3 0.3 0.2 ■ 0.5 0.4 1.2 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.3 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.2 1.0 0.6 0.3 0.6 0.2 0.2 1.2 . 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.6 212 30 1,175 25 412 92 654 100 1,339 672 391 295 157 74 499 541 114 306 246 148 142 613 328 66 436 166 80 86 1,310 3,977 \2,140 1,568 194 77 546 58 52 316 1,971 959 39 569 53 202 1,666 176 261 643 34 11 213 357 163 383 0.7 0.9 1.2 1.2 0.3 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.3 0.6 0.4 1.2 0.8 0.3 0.6 2.4 0.5 1.0 0.4 0.6 0.7 1.3 1.6 0.8 0.4 O^S 13 0.3 2.0 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.3 0.2 1.2 0.7 0.8 0.2 1.4 1.1 0.4 0.9 0.4 0.2 2.1 0.2 0.2 0.7 1.0 0.5 1.4 2,440 250 8,952 829 23,371 4,235 11,838 2,241 75,802 5,296 19,721 1,994 1,423 3,076 17,633 11,510 2,088 2,191 10,952 2,192 4,101 1,627 4,928 622 10,274 5,760 205 7,179 3,504 245,095 1146,871 \ IS, 158 74,799 7,819 2,448 15,131 3,000 2,352 6,333 47,467 23,984 1,874 13,039 283 , 6,557 13,899 3,459 5,987 8,289 1,820 898 5,179 2,990 1,944 5,641 13.8 6.9 12.0 15.1 10.0 12.1 10.3 6.6 10.0 9.6 10.5 12.6 10.6 8.1 li.7 23.5 7.6 11.3 14.5 8.9 7.0 9.5 11.7 9.9 9.5 6.8 7.0 17.4 12.9 13.2 13.8 9.1 IS. 6 10.1 10.4 14.2 8.3 8.9 14.5 12.9 17.5 3?9 17.6 7.1 11.5 11.4 6.3 4.7 24.3 3.1 4.4 17.3 9.6 8.2 12.0 1,755 208 8,585 241 21,557 2,727 12, 142 2,900 47,088 6,114 13,004 1,109 918 1,398 8,119 11,403 1,873 1,882 6,518 1,593 938 2,304 6,412 561 7,695 2,641 295 4,465 6,333 170,638 \m,897 37,848 4,654 1,539 10,218 1,268 1,189 4,346 35,025 16,468 733 8,607 249 3,174 10,764 3,570 5,743 5,930 402 397 2,264 2,879 1,345 4,00£ 10.0 8.6 12.9 13.9 11.3 12.6 12.0 9.9 8.2 8.9 10.7 9.1 9.3 5.7 8.6 24.1 8.0 11.1 11.4 8.8 5.3 10.8 16.3 11.3 8.8 4.4 9.9 14.9 18.3 13.9 15.5 10.9 10.3 8.4 14.7 7.9 5.1 11.6 12.1 14.6 4.2 16.0 8.9 7.9 9.8 7.7 5.6 20.9 2.2 5. 9.7 10. e 7.0 11.0 39 91528 420 58 65 213 1,595 2,503 306 982 392 291 176 25 28 2,316 240 2,038 389 6,662 3 7,932 26 69 6,810 137 13,541 2,893 \ 181 806 1S6 60 589 87 249 146 5,595 1,409 18 434 7,615 11 4,799 66 76 16 57 16 50 71 10,814 36 4.2 20.9 13.2 22.1 3.5 5.2 4.1 5.6 4.0 14.3 4.1 8.7 9.5 6.0 3.5 8.1 4.8 12.4 4.9 9.6 6.0 18.7 2.7 17.6 2.9 2.9 22.0 4.5 18.3 3.6 3.2 6.S 4.2 6.1 6.4 7.5 3.3 6.3 11.3 7.8 6.6 1.9 9.7 19.6 1.4 12.4 2.3 5.1 3.3 2.7 2.4 5.1 4.3 13.5 3.5 68 10,099 16,846 5,532 786 123 81 337 2,014 2,468 487 1,109 354 339 278 32 45 2,745 244 2,958 273 10,397 9 14,108 47 83 8,059 248 22,588 4,362 } 2,224 1,7S4 288 116 708 50 315 213 5,883 2,437 33 634 8,572 29 6,516 145 92 41 20 19 77 155 17,462 6.5 Atlanta, Ga 35.1 ■Rflltimnrpi, Mfl , , , , 25.7 40.3 Boston, Mass 7.9 12.6 BuSalo, N. Y 5.4 11.0 Chicago, 111 7.5 Cinf^irmati^ Ohio , , 19.8 Cleveland, Ohio 9.4 CollTmhllS, Ohio, . . 15.9 12.4 Denver, Colo 10.0 8.0 Pall Eiver, Mass 11.1 Grand Rapids, Mich 8.S 20.3 Jersey City, N. J 7.9 19.5 15.9 31.1 JjOWgW, Mass.' 7.6 Mempnis, Tenn 35.1 Milwaukee. Wis 6.1 Minneapol^ Minn Nashville. Tenn. .' , . . 6.2 32.4 New Haven, Conn New Orleans, La 10.3 36.1 NewYork, N. Y 8.3 Manhattan Borough e.s Brooklifn Borough 11.1 13.2 Bichmand Borottgh Newark. N.J 13.3 12.8 5.6 10.6 21.7 11.1 Pittsbureh. Pa.i. 14.4 4.6 Providence, R. I 15.9 Richmond. Va.. 32.2 Rochester,'N. Y 5.7 St. Louis, Mo 21.3 7.3 San Francisco, Cal Sta"anton, Pa 6.4 9.5 Seattle Wash 5.5 Spokane, Wash 5.7 8.8 Toledo, Ohio 10.5 Washinrton DC ... 24.3 Worcester, Mass 75l 8.2 1 1 Includes population ol Allegheny for 1900. ILLITERACY. 251 ILLITERATES IN THE POPULATION 10 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER, AND ILLITERATE MALES 21 YEARS OP AGE AND OVER, IN CITIES HAVING FROM 25,000 TO 100,000 INHABITANTS: 1910 AND 1900. [Per cent not shown where base is less than 100.] Table 34 ILUTEBATES IK THE POPULATION 10 TEAKS OF AGE AND OVEE. ILUTEBATES AMONQ MAIXS 21 YEABS OF AOE AND OTKB. All classes. Native white: 1910 Foreign-bom white: 1910 Negro: 1910 1910 190< crrr. 1910 1900 Native parentage. Foreign or mixed parentage. > Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Alabama Bfobile.. . ... 5,195 4,223 2,456 475 319 534 545 781 221 2,023 4,030 1,085 9S8 3,174 1,528 1,381 1,S99 3,557 4,689 3,829 2,203 3,718 3,411 7,795 494 260 644 330 2,614 615 1,619 724 562 761 1,981 1,938 1,152 1,405 808 B89 375 665 382 1,395 275 691 311 2,576 935 641 1,077 3,766 462 3,604 1,777 1,393 12.3 13.4 6.5 1.4 1.2 1.4 1.6 3.2 0.9 6.6 5.0. 4.2 6.6 6.0 e.e 6.2 6.6 7.9 7.5 10.9 10.3 14.6 2.0 1.2 2.4 1.3 5.5 2.8 5.8 1.3 1.8 2.0 4.7 3.4 2.2 3.3 1.7 1.4 1.8 2.8 1.1 2.0 0.9 1.7 1.4 3.9 2.6 1.5 2.5 12.5 1.8 15.8 8.4 2.8 6,493 6,478 3,863 20.8 26.7 12.5 162 131 429 5 66 36 33 44 38 188 54 11 a 13 32 31 17 25 219 81 66 563 403 168 23 62 219 111 166 32 19 120 106 9 195 475 596 111 376 63 33 75 29 254 24 34 39 170 95 165 253 923 107 54 ~ 43 48 1.0 1;0 2.2 ^i^3 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.9 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.4 O.S 0.2 0.6 0.4 0.7 3.5 2.4 1.0 0.2 0.5 1.4 0.6 0.7 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.7 0.1 0.9 1.5 2.1 0.6 1.1 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.2 0.6 0.2 0:2 0.3 0.5 0.4 0.5 1.1 5.2 0.9 0.6 0.6 0.2 17 1 21 13 22 20 34 28 10 48 71 36 SO 37 60 27 101 5 81 12 4 26 22 18 36 19 80 40 40 77 62 13 88 182 137 69 60 29 31 22 36 72 44 31 19 79 28 20 94 11 60 6 203 40 0.3 0.1 0.5 0.1 0.4 0.2 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.7 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.7 0.6 O.S 0.4 0.7 0.2 2.5 0.7 0.4 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.9 0.4 0.8 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.1 0.8 1.2 0.8 0.6 0.7 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.3 ■0.3 0.3 0.7 0.5 0.3 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.5 3.7 0.4 97 30 58 394 159 373 412 638 105 1,629 3,818 1,035 917 3,120 1,371 1,310 1,H7 3,429 2,905 81 1,206 30 66 211 427 120 116 139 1,660 515 1,514 423 188 729 1,340 271 383 1,201 216 295 284 422 261 852 206 622 250 1,649 417 304 209 87 227 172 1,523 1,291 4.5 4.4 3.0 6.3 3.8 4.3 6.8 11.2 3.6 20.0 12.6 11.3 11.7 17.8 16.9 15.4 16.1 13.9 21.8 3.3 13.1 3.4 10.0 6.6 6.5 3.6 5.8 6.0 18.3 9.2 14.9 4.9 5.2 5.4 20.1 6.1 5.4 9.4 5.8 5.7 5.9 10.1 3.3 8.4 3.4 6.1 9.6 16.4 10.4 10.9 5.3 9.4 6.8 17.6 17.1 11.0 4,913 4,059 1,943 8 38 24 52 4 65 137 70 3 S 3 67 13 11 32 1,457 3,654 860 3,110 2,938 7,387 22 60 166 57 715 24 46 99 191 9 360 1,010 35 18 152 12 27 36 66 217 1 1 3 775 395 149 620 2,743 58 3,362 6 7 25.9 26.1 15.8 3.8 6.0 6.6 9.6 2.6 6.9 10.6 4.8 2.7 2.7 "ii's' 4.5 s.9 5.2 18.7 14.7 11.5 19.9 19.6 26.6 8.8 8.8 13.6 8.6 14.6 16.3 10.6 7.2 13.7 6.1 13.9 18.7 7.0 3.5 6.9 6.6 8.9 12.4 11.4 8.8 ""6." 4' 10.0 10.4 7.3 20.7 28.6 12.2 29.7 "'2.9 1,748 1,267 927 250 160 264 268 371 91 1,192 1,666 431 S68 1,272 593 515 1,643 2,191 1,366 643 1,182 1,148 2,610 245 103 227 142 1,493 242 964 286 198 360 897 827 399 605 341 169 181 446 165 598 99 366 169 1,209 408 372 434 1,646 165 1,116 798 588 11.6 11.7 6.3 2.0 \:l 1.8 3.8 1.0 7.1 6.0 4.6 4.B 9.1 7.2 6.8 «.« 7.2 8.0 7.0 5.6 9.9 9.9 12.8 2.6 1.3 2.7 1.5 7.1 3.1 8.4 1.2 1.7 2.4 6.6 3.9 2.0 3.7 1.8 1.6 2.2 4.7 1.2 2.2 0.8 2.2 1.9 4.6 2.9 2.1 2.8 14.9 1.9 12.9 11.0 3.2 2,191 1,790 1;416 61 67 648 150 364 48 693 1,484 369 SIB 668 579 336 S09 923 2,170 992 619 2,032 1,339 2,628 326 251 203 134 700 270 728 413 391 129 485 1,180 248 536 448 114 201 194 164 445 156 117 35 940 445 123 594 1,095 212 977 1,038 597 20.6 23.0 Arkansas Little Rock 12.1 California Berkeley 1.6 Pasadena ... . . 2.1 847 3.4 5.0 San Diego. .... . 2.5 5.6 Colorado • 0.7 Pueblo . 1,209 3,511 5.4 5.4 6.8 Connecticut Hartford 5.6 4.5 Meriden city 4.S 1,572 7.8 8.3 8.2 Stamford town . ■ 6.1 6.7 Waterbury 2,036 5,051 3,204 ■ 5.7 8.2 14.1 6.8 Delaware Wilmington 9.4 Florida 12.1 Tampa 10.5 Georgia 6,879 21.7 19.6 22.0 8,368 19.0 16.4 Illinois 4.6 3.7. 4.0 2.2 East St Louis 1,560 6.7 7.1 Elgin . 4.2 1,465 1,020 1,111 503 1,214 2,790 653 1,197 1,104 434 6.4 2.2 3.8 2.0 4.4 5.9 1.8 4.3 3.7 2.1 8.2 2.3 3.8 1.6 g-nrinfffleld 4.7 7.0 2.0 5.2 4.0 Iowa Cedar Kanids 1.5 3.0 462 489 1,003 535 350 2.3 1.7 2.0 1.8 1.4 2.5 1.6 2.4 1.4 Sioux City. ., 1.2 0.9 Kansas 2,237 1,101 5.6 4.0 6.0 Toneka . 4.6 1.7 Kentucky 1,526 3,128. 641 4.5 14.1 2.8 5.1 14.2 2.8 Louisiana 20.8 Maine 16.5 Portland i,69i 3.8 3.9 252 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. ILLITERATES IN THE POPULATION 10 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER, AND ILLITERATE MALES 21 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER, IN CITIES HAVING PROM 25,000 TO 100,000 INHABITANTS: 1910 AND 1900-Continued. [Per cent not shown where base Is less than 100.] Table 34— Continued. ILUTEEATES IN THE POPULATION 10 YEARS OF AGE AND OVEE. ILUTEEATES AMONG MALES 21 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER. All classes. Native white: 1910 Forelgn-bom white: 1910 Negro: 1910 1910 CITY. 1910 1900 Native parentage. Foreign or mixed parentage. 1900 Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Massachusetts 1,222 240 2,085 1,366 433 1,897 1,444 3,108 9,067 2,261 774 9,360 1,231 963 621 2,083 1,232 3,311 2,601 773 136 1,289 381 568 597 403 1,267 1,720 435 1,534 689 547 1.298 1,085 3,374 1,447 1,767 3,757 3,314 367 3,943 2,533 1,535 6,684 2,368 4,633 678 2,654 1,322 1,151 793 684 924 1,015 1,505 691 1,425 649 3,148 1,279 5,044 1,037 5,311 2,675 3,061 2.6 1.0 8.1 7.0 1.6 6.3 4.0 6.8 13.2 3.0 2.2 12.1 3.7 3.6 2.4 6.0 1.9 4.5 9.4 3.3 0.6 3.6 1.2 2.1 1.8 1.5 3.1 2.7 1.7 2.4 2.4 1.7 3.6 5.3 5.9 6.8 4.5 9.1 4.4- 1.3 6.9 4.5 6.6 15.8 9.9 5.9 2.4 10.3 4.5 2.8 2.5 2.6 4.3 4.1 6.5 3.0 5.8 2.8 5.4 2.0 8.2 4.6 8.4 10.1 14.9 1,033 3.2 28 7 26 ll 26 34 35 35 49 13 90 17 19 13 21 20 75 89 121 39 75 54 42 129 37 65 27 306 403 391 12 66 16 41 30 116 20 249 21 50 14 19 20 9 296 7 29 21 111 51 11 93 7 16 29 16 54 68 68 88 76 34 378 302 0.1 0.1 0.4 0,2 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.5 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.6 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.9 1.4 0.3 0.9 0.3 0.3 0.7 0.2 0.5 0.2 1.4 1.0 1.7 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.3 0.6 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.9 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.8 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.7 0.2 2.3 3.1 30 12 26 47 18 94 49 155 179 63 15 297 14 61 30 84 27 156 101 106 9 232 16 22 63 27 113 59 20 86 22 22 20 20 186 64 29 63 109 18 103 96 49 84 37 199 28 30 38 29 34 14 66 12 14 30 13 33 81 110 112 88 76 3 11 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.8 0.2 1.1 0.6 0.9 0.9 0.3 0.1 1.6 0.2 0.6 0.4 0.8 0.1 0.8 1.2 1.5 0.2 1.5 0.2 0.3 0.8 0.4 0.7 0.3 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.2 0.3 0.3 1.2 1.2 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.3 0.6 0.5 0.7 1.0 0.6 1.0 0.3 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.9 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.6 1.6 0.4 0.7 1.7 1,141 217 2,018 1,300 387 1,773 1,342 2,912 8,778 2,102 709 8,423 1,159 882 672 1,961 1,163 3,015 2,337 537 68 957 303 469 372 318 1,071 1,625 26 561 27 469 1,177 1,001 3.145 1,353 936 3,634 2,241 210 3,686 2,420 1,311 6,623 2,313 3,879 633 2,589 1,260 990 661 658 730 950 1,333 611 1,370 543 2,968 1,074 4,821 869 5,097 23 27 7.6 2.6 15.5 13.4 4.1 13.4 12.3 13.0 22.2 7.9 5.4 20.8 10.6 13.5 5.5 16.0 6. 7 13.6 24.6 7.2 2.7 8.9 4.8 11.1 5.7 8.2 9.4 5.4 2.9 7.1 2.4 3.7 17.5 13.3 11.1 15.7 15.1 18.4 14.7 3.7 16.0 9.1 16.6 23.8 16.8 15.3 4.8 25.0 16.8 13.8 12.8 6.4 22.0 12.3 15.8 12.9 11.8 12.3 16.5 7.1 23.4 14.4 19.7 5.2 6.2 16 1 9 3.8 0.5 4.4 543 76 790 599 181 836 649 1,305 3,862 1,000 225 4,085 572 447 280 1,015 538 1,434 1,267 279 72 669 239 320 266 205 549 948 159 727 265 268 458 630 1,434 620 748 1,852 1,478 108 i;937 1,106 654 2,241 1,161 2,187 222 1,164 615 435 345 316 403 432 707 300 825 264 1,684 475 2,146 589 2,491 848 1 937 3.0 1.0 7.8 8.5 1.9 7.6 4.8 8.4 14.8 3.4 1.8 14.5 «.3 4.4 2.9 8.0 2.4 5.2 12.4 3.5 0.9 4.5 1.6 3.0 2.1 1.9 3.6 3.2 1.6 2.8 2.5 1.7 3.3 7.3 7.3 8.0 4.8 11.3 5.1 1.1 8.6 5.0 7.7 15.0 11.6 7.0 2.2 12.3 5.1 2.8 2.9 3.2 6.3 4.9 7.9 3.5 8.0 3.0 6.7 2.1 9.5 6.9 10.6 9.4 13.1 424 62 488 1,062 126 699 576 1,508 1,601 58J 2J6 2,264 344 300 262 861 490 874 758 333 36 543 73 173 169 165 410 721 195 712 267 339 207 205 1,593 982 455 919 967 92 1,274 598 650 1,011 910 1,698 114 403 326 264 387 • 62 491 406 398 205 410 278 656 895 1,025 304 709 700 1 968 .3.4 Brookline town ... 1.2 Chelsea 1,329 . 4.9 4.8 19.4 17 2.7 1.8 Fitchbure 1,610 1,640 4,001 4,191 1,540 664 6,065 832 6.5 6.1 11.4 8.4 2.7 2.4 12.2 3.0 7.7 HaverhUl 16 1 62 36 30 632 35 8 1 4 12 58 72 6 20 5 3 28 29 21 16 3 82 480 248 10 36 46 1 4.8 "27.' 7' 6.2 7.9 23.7 8.9 3.1 '"i'.s 6.6 4.6 33.3 4.1 3.7 0.9 8.7 5.0 7.0 5.7 0.8 11.7 12.9 14.9 4.5 6.6 7.6 5.2 Holyoke 12.8 9.0 Lynn 2.7 2.4 New Bedford 13.2 Newton 3.7 Pittsfleld 4.8 3.8 2,121 1,318 2,127 1,788 7.4 2.7 4.2 7.1 8.5 Somerville 2.7 Springfield 4.7 Taunton 8.2 5.0 Michigan Battle Creek . 0.6 Bay City 1,265 5.9 7.5 1.8 366 1.7 2.1 2.3 3.5 1,028 1,495 616 1,742 3.0 3.7 2.5 2.1 3.5 Minnesota Duluth 3.S Missouri 2.3 2.1 4.1 Butte 592 607 475 4,055 2.4 1.9 2.4 8.9 2.5 ITebraska 1.7 2.1 Manchester 10.3 14.6 New Jersey Atlantic City 1,145 2,092 2,414 4.9 8.7 4.0 670 34 701 117 93 1 155 54 9 244 3 4 13 21 44 1 46 46 134 19 25 19 8 26 23 4 90 2,269 2,717 7.6 7.8 14.0 7.4 8.4 0.9 7.6 11.9 7.0 10.7 '"2." 9" 3.7 9.5 "'9.' 6" 6.1 9.3 3.6 10.5 3.2 3.3 4.5 7.5 '"7.0' 24.4 28.2 4.9 9.9 4.3 1.6 2,542 1,607 6.4 3.5 8.4 3.5 9.8 3,225 14.9 13.4 15.7 3,855 6.6 7.7 1.8 New York 6.7 723 712 942 2.8 2.1 3.1 3.2 2.2 3.4 0.9 7.2 7.1 8.9 2.9 6.3 3.9 1,266 2,301 2,471 4.9 4.6 6.4 6.9 5.3 tJtica 6.3 4.5 1,698 4.6 6.3 North Carolina 16.4 Wilmington 18.0 ILLITERACY. 253 ILLITERATES IN THE POPULATION 10 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER, AND ILLITERATE MALES 21 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER, IN CITIES HAVING FROM 25,000 TO 100,000 INHABITANTS: 1910 AND 1900-Continued. [Percent not shown where base is less than 100.] arable 34— Continued. ILLITEBATES IN THE POPULATION 10 YEARS OP AOB AND OVEB. ILLITERATES AMONG MALES 21 YEAE3 OP AGE AND OVEE. All classes. Native white: 1910 Foreign-bom white: 1910 Negro: 1910 1910 190( CITY. 1910 1900 Native parentage. Foreign or mixed parentage. > N>im- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Ohio 1,706 1,431 386 368 1,228 265 827 4,613 507 870 736 1,241 1,307 2,085 609 1,979 1,338 1,913 3,912 666 1,336 1,834 2,057 2,367 4,445 3,609 364 1,000 653 2,255 2,244 2,703 7,326 3,723 3,665 1,942 1,904 3,042 4,085 2,289 1,550 4,161 7,788 1,075 299 1,148 2,195 4,966 2,617 1,911 1,255 1,271 1,082 1,123 637 343 714 1,127 672 850 3.0 3.4 1.3 1.6 S.6 1.3 2.1 7.1 2.2 4.2 1.4 3.0 3.1 6.6 2.6 3.7 2.6 10.0 9.0 1.7 4.1 6.4 8.8 3.0 23.7 6.9 , 1.4 2.7 2.9 6.4 10.6 9.1 15.3 17.4 9.9 6.5 7.8 4.0 13.3 3.8 5.1 6.4 10.1 6.1 1.5 1.6 9.3 9.0 9.8 6.9 1.8 5.1 3.2 5.7 2.5 1.6 2.7 3.6 3.2 2.7 719 462 2.1 1.9 115 79 146 176 7 80 139 65 166 S4 100 298 240 89 132 63 341 67 180 270 49 70 629 658 76 122 111 640 17 68 60 37 173 626 467 960 333 329 268 268 70 177 918 79 20 69 161 368 151 .. 400 0.4 0.3 0.9 0.9 0.1 0.5 0.6 0.3 0.9 0.7 0.3 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.8 0.3 0.8 1.1 0.9 0.9 0.5 0.6 3.7 1.1 2.5 0.7 0.6 2.1 0.2 0.7 1.0 0.9 1.1 5.7 2.5 4.5 2.6 0.7 2.2 0.7 0.7 0.6 2.7 0.6 0.2 0.3 1.1 1.3 1.0 2.0 0.1 4.6 0.9 1.3 0.2 ^0>4 0.1 0.1 0.1 53 52 21 24 14 .14 33 88 35 3 IS 36 59 49 34 101 52 145 112 72 34 32 216 85 137 180 20 64 24 213 283 285 12 11 8 13 82 31 237 46 82 115 1,304 13 19 62 5 12 9 7 29 16 93 365 50 15 38 36 35 31 0.4 0.6 0.3 0.6 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.9 0.2 0.3 0.7 0.9 0.7 0.9 0.5 1.1 2.0 1.3 1.1 0.4 0.6 -4.9 1.0 2.5 1.0 0.4 2.2 0.3 1.4 4.5 2.8 0.3 2.1 0.4 0.9 2.6 0.4 5.3 1.0 1.0 1.2 7.3 0.7 0.3 0.2 0.8 0.4 0.6 0.9 0.2 1.6 0.9 3.6 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 1,487 1,292 155 123 1,200 148 302 4,272 216 245' 904 990 1,392 433 1,796 499 1,700 3,591 230 1,210 1,678 1,183 1,599 4,231 3,261 178 181 532 1,957 1,888 2,379 150 36 85 36 356 310 3,432 637 519 549 4,387 128 214 809 64 426 135 52 1,080 23 736 676 571 305 646 1,081 633 789 11.6 15.4 4.8 7.8 11.5 7.4 9.7 17.8 13.7 3.0 7.7 14.9 19.8 21.5 14.4 12,4 12.6 29.1 24.4 7.3 9.9 20.1 30.5 18.8 41.6 20.9 7.8 11.7 8.6 11.3 21.8 15.3 6.3 8.4 6.6 4.7 14.8 6.1 27.0 15.6 8.7 8.9 27.0 10.1 6.0 4.4 14.5 12.5 12.6 7.0 5.2 4.6 13.8 16.9 9.5 7.5 8.9 8.9 7.6 5.9 50 5 62 45 7 21 352 94 98 763 363 3 15 552 9 18 444 1 19 92 43 48 128 23 1 46 55 115 78 11 13 2 6,988 3,050 3,104 932 1,131 2,370 116 1,329 845 3,318 1,174 844 5 31 1,964 4,148 2,317 1,451 25 240 95 2 2 6 3 4 t 8.9 2.0 10.2 6.6 2.3 7.1 8.5 5.8 8.7 12.1 6.7 2.6 3.8 13.8 3.8 6.0 11.6 "'5.' 6' 13.1 6.7 10.8 15.8 3.4 "'s.'i' 7.0 11.6 5.8 5.8 9.0 27.9 32.2 20.7 14.2 18.8 15.4 9.5 12.0 12.2 16.4 13.2 16.8 2.7 4.6 25.3 19.7 24.5 22.7 3.6 13.3 9.0 ■■■5;2' ""Z.9 933 856 181 186 709 137 400 2,532 238 343 381 374 611 1,124 213 1,054 686 758 2,504 276 628 1,048 837 1,075 2,296 1,630 164 406 306 841 960 1,244 2,256 1,234 1,440 634 750 1,130 1,348 1,104 698 1,523 2,621 383 149 575 729 1,790 900 730 696 525 509 524 256 172 321 586 304 479 3.9 6.1 1.7 2.0 7.0 1.6 2.6 9.0 2.7 3.9 l.S 2.5 3.9 9.1 2.4 5.2 2.9 11.3 13.3 2.0 4.9 8.9 9.7 3.7 28.6 8.6 1.8 3.0 3.5 5.6 12.6 11.9 14.0 16.2 10.1 6.0 8.7 3.8 11.4 4.4 •5.5 6.9 9.4 5.2 1.9 2.0 9.3 8.6 8.5 7.2 2.1 5.6 4.0 7.6 2.9 2.2 3.4 4.7 3.9 3.1 285 168 132 164 207 162 643 1,426 181 127 97 327 252 851 149 623 580 286 1,502 281 1,017 475 259 989 2,417 995 244 340 245 081 976 1,388 2,259 1,117 1,347 933 598 849 912 352 729 1,399 1,395 527 86 253 830 2,440 646 455 522 248 455 403 183 78 252 358 398 403 2.3 1.9 Hamilton 1.8 2.5 Xiorain 3.6 3.0 Springfield . . 1,239 2,759 3.9 7.9 4.6 10.5 ZflTT^svil'p. . . 2.6 Oklahoma 9.B Oklahoma City 2.7 Pennsylvania jM|PiTltAW71 . 1,069 628 1,869 459 1,270 1,463 3.7 2.1 6.9 2.2 3.1 3.6 3.2 2.3 Chester 8.4 2.0 Erie 4.0 3.9 Hazleton 7.8 2,533 798 1,918 861 9.3 2.4 7.6 3.9 13.7 Tfl.Ti(iHStPr 2.5 McKeesport . 10.4 New Castle 6.4 Norristown borough 3.9 Reading 2,555 4.1 4.4 37.5 2,438 625 949 ■i;947" 6.2 2.7 3.5 '6." 2' 7.3 W^illif|.Tniigq.Ti Utah 0.7 8.1 West Nokth Centkal: Pacific: 0.7 0.4 Missouri 1.0 North Dakota South Dakota . K'a.TiRas.. ' Includes population of Indian Territory for 1900. MALES 21 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER. United States as a whole. — By reason of the political privileges which appertain to males 21 years of age and over a peculiar interest attaches to the pro- portion of illiterates in this class of the population, which is shown in Table 38. Table 38 MALES 21 TEAES OF AGl AND OVEE. CLASS OF POPULATION. Total. Number illiterate. Per cent illiterate. 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 Total 26,999,151 21,134,299 2,273,603 2,288,470 8.4 10.8 White 24,357,614 17,710,697 13,211,731 4,498,966 6,646,817 2,458,873 62,967 60,421 56,638 2,738 18,918,697 14,014,427 10,669,743 3,444,684 4,904,270 2,060,302 67,077 81,018 17,206 1,406,364 617,733 557,042 60,691 788,631 819,136 32,603 9,462 4,928 1,121 1,249,897 687,681 618,606 68,975 562,316 976,610 36,334 22,476 3,153 5.8 3.6 4.2 1.3 11.9 33.3 51.8 15.6 8.7 40.9 6.6 Native 4.9 Native parentage. . Foreign or mixed parentage Foreign bom Negro 5.9 2.0 11.5 47.4 63.7 27.7 Japanese 18.3 An ntber _ The percentage of illiteracy for the total male popu- lation 21 years of age and over in 1910 was 8.4. For the native whites of native parentage the percentage was 4.2, for the native whites of foreign or mixed parentage 1.3, for the foreign-born whites 11.9, and for the negroes 33.3. In the total population, and in every class except the foreign-born whites, the per- centage of illiteracy among males 21 years of age and over was less in 1910 than in 1900. Divisions and states. — The number and percentage of illiterate males 21 years of age and over in the principal color or race, nativity, and parentage groups is shown by divisions and states in Table 39. In the total number of males 21 years of age and over the percentage of illiteracy was lowest in the West North Central division and highest in the East South Central division. The three southern divisions, which contain large numbers of negroes, had much higher proportions of illiterates among males 21 years of age and over than the northern and western divisions. A comparison of the figures for 1910 with those for 1900 shews that, except iu the Middle Atlantic division, where the proportion of ilUterates remaiued the same, and the New England division, which shows a comparatively small decrease, there was generally throughout the United States a considerable decrease during the decade in the percentage of illiterates among males 21 years of age and over. The excep- tional situation in New England and the Middle Atlantic division is due to the fact that these divi- sions have received a great part of the recent immi- grants to the United States. Principal cities. — Table 40 gives figures showing the number and percentage of illiterates among males 21 years of age and over in cities having 100,000 inhab- itants or more, similar information in condensed form being given in Table 34 for cities having 25,000 to 100,000 inhabitants. 256 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. ILLITERATE MALES 21 YEARS OP AGE AND OVER, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES: 1910. Table 39 DIVISION AND STATE. XTnited States . GEOGBAPmc divisions: New England' Middle Atlantic East North Central. . . West North Central. . South Atlantic East South Central . . . West South Central. . Mountain Pacific New England: Maine New Hampshire Vermont Massachusetts Ehode Island Connecticut Middle Atlantic: New York New Jersey Pennsylvania East North Central: Ohio Indiana Illinois Michigan Wisconsin West North Central: Minnesota Iowa Missouri North Dakota South Dakota Nebraska Kansas South Atlantic: Delaware Maryland District ol Columbia. Virginia West Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Florida East Sodih Central: Kentucky Tennessee Alabama Mississippi West South Central: Arkansas Louisiana Oklahoma! Texas Mountain: Montana Idaho Wyoming Colorado New Mexico Arizona Utah Nevada Pacific: Washington Oregon California all classes. 1910 Number. 2,273,603 8.4 127, 449 401,098 241,755 123,369 540,246 406,530 310, 191 63,138 59,827 13,070 8,413 6,039 61,909 14,456 23,562 170,030 61,086 179,982 62,998 33,583 79,433 38,703 27,038 23,603 14,204 51,284 5,467 5,560 8,645 14,716 6,272 31,238 6,082 92,917 35,040 107,563 90,707 141,541 29,886 87,516 86,677 124,494 107,843 63,440 118,716 28,707 109,328 8,812 3,416 2,594 11,343 16,634 14,463 3,477 2,399 10,580 6,460 42,787 6.3 6.8 4.3 3.5 17.6 19.4 13.7 6.9 3.7 5.5 6.2 5.3 6.1 8.8 6.8 6.0 6.6 7.8 4.2 4.1 4.6 4.4 4.0 3.7 2.1 5.3 3.1 8.1 2.4 2.9 10.1 8.5 4.9 17.7 10.4 21.3 27.1 22.8 14.0 14.5 16.7 24.3 25.3 13.5 28.6 6.4 10.9 5.7 3.1 4.1 4.2 17.6 19.5 3.3 6.0 2.4 2.5 4.6 1900 NATIVE white: 1910 Number. 2,288,470 117, 144 308,291 236,661 130,663 611,631 466,085 320,986 50,011 47,098 13,952 10,295 8,544 53,694 11,675 18,984 130,004 38,305 139,982 58,698 40,016 67, 481 39,230 31, 136 20,856 17,061 60,327 5,187 5,628 7,388 14,216 7,538 40,352 7,052 113,353 32,066 122,658 99,516 158,247 30,849 102,528 105,851 139, 649 118,067 62,615 122,638 21,960 113,783 6,209 2,936 1,636 7,689 15,586 11,215 2,470 2,271 6,635 6,978 33,485 Per cent. 10.8 6.9 6.8 6.1 4.6 24.6 26.0 20.3 8.9 5.3 6.4 7.9 7.9 6.4 9.2 6.9 6.9 7.7 4.8 6.6 4.8 6.6 6.6 4.1 2.7 7.0 6.4 6.0 2.5 3.4 14.0 12.6 8.4 26.3 12.9 29.4 35.1 31.6 22.1 18.8 21.7 33.7 33.8 20.0 37.6 10.6 15.4 6.1 6.4 4.3 4.1 28.3 25.4 3.7 12.8 3.4 4.8 6.2 ■KT *■ ^ ^ , Foreign or mixed Native parentage. parentage. Number. 557,042 34,360 59,185 38,518 166,364 148,311 86,421 12, 195 3,290 3,149 869 1,331 1,700 466 11,443 4,216 18,701 19,188 17,641 15,588 5,264 1,614 732 4,219 27,860 203 306 1,401 3,798 1,672 8,097 325 33,488 20,666 49,619 17,636 29,936 6,026 69,314 47,479 30,389 11,129 20,343 28,091 14,345 23,642 228 244 120 2,663 8,142 553 199 46 600 729 1,961 Per cent. 1.0 1.5 2.3 2.IS 9.0 11.1 6.0 2.8 0.5 2.0 1.1 1.9 0.6 1.0 0.7 1.3 1.5 1.7 2.3 3.0 2.3 1.6 1.0 0.6 1.3 4.4 0.5 0.5 0.8 1.1 4.4 4.0 0.7 9.9 7.8 14.1 11.0 8.9 6.1 12.8 11.5 10.9 6.1 7.7 15.6 4.2 3.7 0.4 0.4 0.4 1.8 11.8 1.9 0.6 0.3 0.3 0.6 0.5 Numb er. 60,691 7,622 12,514 16,669 7,651 1,672 1,482 9,363 2,089 1,639 2,073 609 1,230 2,172 794 744 6,383 1,207 4,924 3,379 1,963 3,276 4,144 3,918 1,757 1,456 2,357 290 299 643 849 623 66 192 366 91 64 149 163 833 264 244 141 479 7,564 166 109 37 273 638 744 173 49 240 185 1,214 Per cent 1.3 2.0 1.1 1.3 0.9 1.4 2.1 6.0 1.2 0.6 7.8 3.4 6.4 1.0 2.2 1.1 1,0 0.8 1.3 1.1 1.7 0.8 1.9 1.6 0.9 0.8 1.4 0.6 0.6 0.7 1.0 1.1 1.0 0.5 1.8 2.2 4.0 1.9 1.9 2.1 2.0 2.2 2.9 2.3 3.4 2.8 1.7 9.3 0.6 0.5 0.3 0.6 7.7 7.0 0.5 0.6 0.3 0.5 0.7 FOEEIOM-BORN WHitE: 1910 Number. 788,631 108,863 340,642 150, 136 68,309 19,659 3,631 36,261 31,203 39,947 Per cent. 11.9 13.7 16.0 9.6 6.7 13.0 7.8 21.1 12.1 7.9 7,676 6,909 3,439 56,504 12,793 21,532 148,703 42,347 149,592 35,160 10,602 56,907 28,034 20,433 19,947 7,779 10,848 4,029 2,323 5,886 7,497 1,692 6,037 810 1,297 8,628 274 206 376 1,439 1,382 628 1,028 661 6,211 2,188 28,191 5,885 2,036 1,810 7,468 3,630 7,447 1,969 968 6,993 4,033 28,921 negro: 1910 Niunber. 819,135 1,967 11,826 13,286 13,468 351,220 252,677 173,284 707 701 16.8 16.6 14.6 12.6 16.9 14.1 12.2 13.7 20.2 11.4 11.9 9.2 9.3 7.6 6.7 6.3 8.9 5,1 4.3 6.2 10.1 19.3 10.5 6.9 8.7 24.6 8.3 6.1 4.4 8.2 6.8 6.2 9.8 11.3 19.7 9.3 25.1 9.9 7.9 9.9 10.6 29.0 29.0 6.0 7.6 4.7 6.3 9.7 346- 314 2,295 3,062 6,479 5,169 3,312 4,349 397 58 123 626 10,068 16 24 231 2,380 2,829 17,484 3,801 57,867 5,467 66,669 72,867 HJ,037 23,219 25,958 38,273 92,744 95,702 32,013 84,176 7,396 49,699 75 16 60 373 88 64 26 IS 121 24 566 Per cent. 33.3 ■8.5 12.4 16.2 36.8 39.3 35.4 7.9 5.8 11.6 14. S 3.9 9.4 11.2 6.6 5.0 10.7 10.1 13.2 16.0 10.9 6.3 5.4 3.6 11.5 19.0 5.1 7.0 7.2 13.5 31.3 27.3 13.8 36.3 24.0 38.6 43.1 41.6 25.9 34.3 32.1 43.4 41.0 28.7 48.3 20.1 29.9 8.8 4.9 3.8 8.7 13.7 8.4 4.6 6.6 3.9 3.1 6.8 ' Includes population of Indian Territory for 1900. ILLITERACY. • 257 ILLITEEATE MALES 21 YEARS OP AGE AND OVER IN CITIES HAVING 100,000 INHABITANTS OR MORE: 1910. Table 40 Albany, N.Y Atlanta, Ga Baltimore, Md Blrmingtiam, Ala Boston, Mass Bridgeport, Conn Buflalo,N.Y Cambridge, Mass Chicago, 111 Cincinnati, Ohio Cleveland, Ohio Columbus, Ohio Dayton, Ohio Denver, Colo Detroit, Mich Fall River, Mass Grand Rapids, Mich. . . Indianapolis, Ind Jersey CSty, N. J Kansas City, Mo Los Angeles, Cal Louisville, Ky Lowell, Mass Memphis, Tenn Milwaukee, Wis Minneapolis, Minn Nashville, Tenn New Haven, Conn New Orleans, La New York, N.Y Manhattan Borough Bronx Borough Brooklyn Borough . , Queens Borough Richmond Borough . Newark, N. J Oakland, Cal Omaha, Nebr Paterson, N. J Philadelphia, Pa Pittsburgh, Pa2 Portland, Oreg Providence, R.I Richmond, Va Rochester, N.Y St. Louis, Mo St. Paul, Minn San Francisco, Cal Scranton, Pa Seattle, Wash Spokane, Wash Syracuse, N. Y Toledo, Ohio Washington, D. C Worcester, Mass ALL CLASSES. 1910 Number. 1,219 3,e06 7,701 4,348 9,335 1,815 5,664 978 35,636 3,962 9,418 2,063 1,069 1,680 9,709 4,942 933 2,712 5,519 2,034 2,270 4,024 2,266 3,163 5,147 2,770 2,901 3,037 6,301 91,815 5l,5S6 6,7H S8,m S.SSS 1,301 6,227 1,877 1,429 2,584 22,222 14, 165 1,187 5,738 3,187 3,158 9,106 1,576 3,521 4,515 1,373 709 2,821 1,803 5,082 2,732 Per cent. 3.8 8.1 4.7 10.7 4.6 5.5 4.4 3.2 5.1 3.5 5.3 3.4 2.8 2.2 0.5 15.6 2.7 3.6 6.8 2.3 2.0 6.9 7.2 7.1 4.6 2.6 9.4 7.5 6.5 6.4 7.S 4.S 6.0 4-7 4.9 6.0 3.5 3.3 7.0 4.7 8.5 1.3 8.3 8.6 45 4.1 2.2 2.0 12.2 1.4 1.8 6.3 3.4 4.9 6.0 1900 Number. 762 3,396 10, 152 2,051 8,111 1,203 6,168 1,097 20,572 3,114 5,786 1,406 679 716 3,687 4,168 823 2,526 3,094 2,096 5,836 2,692 5,745 3,069 1,205 3,169 1,866 10,078 65,556 4S,S0S s.eoo 15,416 e,s4s 895 4,598 741 612 1,876 17,588 10,588 3,251 3,830 3,369 1,327 7,026 1,351 3,596 2,985 698 304 1,071 1,592 7,062 1,788 Per cent. 2.7 14.6 7.2 16.7 46 5.5 5.3 41 40 3.4 5.2 3.6 2.6 1.7 4 5 15.5 3.3 4 8 6.1 3.9 2.7 9t8 9.6 18.3 41 1.9 14 3 5.7 13.4 6.6 7.8 e.g 4.6 6.4 4.4 6.5 3.6 1.8 6.3 4 5 7.8 8.5 7.2 14 4 2.9 41 2.6 2.8 10.6 1.5 2.0 3.3 4 2 8.4 6.0 NATIVE WHITE : 1910 Native parentage. Num- ber. 45 470 434 182 64 19 92 8 216 473 70 397 130 91 40 26 448 46 242 100 464 20 71 22 42 371 16 306 446 16g 49 161 60 164 49 63 288 62 411 18 83 63 21 229 326 34 Per cent. 0.4 1.8 0.6 0.9 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.2 L3 0.2 1.1 0.6 0.3 0.2 LI 0.2 LO 0.3 0.5 0.2 L6 0.3 0.4 0.1 0.1 2.1 0.1 0.9 0.2 O.S O.S O.g 0.4 O.S 0.4 0.2 0.3 1.0 0.6 0.4 0.1 0.4 1.6 0.3 0.6 0.1 0.2 0.7 0.1 0.1 0.5 1.1 0.7 0.3 Foreign or mixed parentage. Num- ber. 55 11 195 4 107 29 234 12 601 201 121 76 33 54 251 201 23 63 96 46 63 185 61 6 127 73 7 33 236 ,194 4S9 93 560 83 39 166 75 38 62 776 264 31 162 18 72 62 76 146 21 54 120 66 56 Per cent. 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.2 3 0.5 3 0.7 0.4 0.3 0.6 2.6 0.3 0.5 0.4 3 0.3 LI 9 0.2 0.3 3 0.3 0.4 LO 0.4 O.S O.S 0.4 O.S 0.6 6 6 4 0.7 7 6 0.2 1.0 8 3 5 0.2 0.2 L4 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.8 0.5 0.6 fokeign-boen white: 1910 Number. L091 100 3? 488 380 8,896 1,738 6,281 874 34, 145 2,103 9,047 L124 704 1,214 9,310 4,687 865 1,200 6,267 941 1,806 591 2,183 249 4,979 2,606 66 2,929 1,328 88,818 61,188 6,481 27,331 3,618 1,100 5,694 1,494 1,223 2,383 18,287 13,063 885 5,278 112 3,014 6,316 L468 2,683 4,299 1,145 666 2,649 L419 810 2,627 Per cent. 13.3 4 4 10.4 12.9 8.6 10.2 9.4 6.0 9.0 7.9 9.6 13.2 9.6 6.3 12.4 23.2 6.3 1L5 14 7.2 6.1 7.1 12.0 7.3 8.9 5.8 4 6 15.3 9.8 10 7 11.1 8.0 11.0 9.4 10.0 1L6 7.7 8.9 1L8 10 9 18.6 3.4 16.1 6.5 ILl 10 5.1 3.5 24.6 3.2 4 6 17.7 9.0 6.9 n.6 NEGKO: 1910 Num- ber. 19 3,012 3,509 3,780 132 23 40 73 546 1,183 126 459 194 100 72 9 991 76 787 115 2,782 1 2,826 9 39 2,466 48 4,330 891 508 63 241 54 S6 216 34 110 50 2,108 663 7 187 2,765 6 1,875 26 43 5 24 4 27 30 3,801 Per cent. 5.0 2L7 13.4 23.0 2.6 49 5.4 5.3 3.1 16.0 3.8 9.1 10.9 5.0 3.2 4.5 3.4 13.1 3.6 8.6 45 20.3 (') 16.4 2.3 3.2 25.3 40 17.1 2.9 i.4 B.O 3.4 B.6 7.4 7.2 2.7 5.8 11.0 7.5 7.1 L3 10.6 20.8 2.0 1L4 L7 6.2 2.3 2.0 L3 6.2 42 13.8 2.3 1 Per cent not shown where base is less than 100. 72497°— 13 17 ' Includes population ol Allegheny for 1900. Ohaptbe 8. DWELLINGS AND FAMILIES. Introduction, — ^This chapter summarizes the data collected by the Thirteenth Decennial Census with regard to the number of dwellings and families and the average number of persons per dwelling and per family. Data are presented for each state and for the principal cities. Alaska, Hawaii, Porto Rico, and other outlying possessions are not included. In census usage a "dwelling" is any building in which one or more persons reside. A mere cabin, or a room in a warehouse, occupied by a single person, is a census dwelling, while on the other hand an apart- ment house containing many families constitutes only one dwelling. The term "family" as here used means a household or group of persons, whether related by blood or not, who share a common abode, usually also sharing the same table. If one person lives alone, he constitutes a family, whUe on the other hand those who dwell in a hotel or institution in which many people live are also treated as forming a single family. Notwithstanding the fact that a family under the census definition may in some instances be very large, there is no considerable difference between the aver- age size of all families under the census usage and the average size of what are commonly termed families or households in popular speech. At the census of 1900 a distinction was made between "private families," in most of which all or nearly all of the members are related by blood or marriage, and " economic families," comprising more or less artificial groups, including boarding houses (at least those having several or many boarders), hotels, institutions, construction gangs, lumber camps, etc. For the United States as a whole, as reported at the census of 1900, the average size of all families was 4.7 persons, and the average for private families 4.6, and in many of the states there was scarcely any difiference between the two averages. In fact, the decline from census to census in the average size of "census families " is undoubtedly due to a decline in the average size of private families, resulting from a decrease in the aver- age number of children in the "natural" family.* Similarly, differences between localities as to the average size of census families in general result in the main from differences in the average size of private families and "natural" families. ' It should, of course, be bome in mind that the "private family" is often by no means identical with a natural family. A natural family may be defined as consisting only of persons related by blood or marriage and as comprising all such persons within the particular degree of consanguinity which the individual using the term has in mind — the most common usage being, perhaps, to consider a hus- band and wife and their children as the unit. The members of a natural family often do not live together in the same "private family." On the other hand, many private familieshave servants or other members not related by blood, or members with more or less distant blood relationship. Summary for the United States. — Table 1 shows, for the United States as a whole, the statistics regarding dwellings and families at each census from 1850 to 1910, except that the data regarding dwellings for 1860 and 1870 are omitted because they are not com- parable with those for the other censuses. Table 1 CENSUS TEAR. Population. Number of occupied dwellings. Number of families. Persons toa dwell- ing. Persons toa family. 1910 91,972,266 75,994,575 •62,622,250 50,165,783 38,558,371 3 27,489,661 8 19,987,563 17,805,845 14,430,146 11,483,318 8,955,812 3 3,362,337 20,265,556 16,187,715 12,690,152 9,946,916 7,579,363 3 6,210,934 3 3,698,240 5.2 5.3 5.5 5.6 ?^ 35.9 4.5 1900 4.7 1890 4.9 18S0 5.0 1870 5.1 I860 3 5.3 1850 3 5.6 I Exclusive of population (325,464) specially enumerated, for which statistics as to dwellings and families are not available. a Dwellings reported in 1860 and 1870 include both occupied and unoccupied dwellings. 3 Dwellings and families returned for free population only. In the United States as a whole, in 1 910, with a popu- lation of 91,972,266, there were 17,805,845 occupied dwellings and 20,255,555 census families. The aver- age number of persons per dwelling was 5.2, and the average number per family, 4.5. It is obvious that the great majority of dwellings are occupied by a single family each. | At each census from 1850 to 1910, for which compar rable figures are available, a decrease was shown in the average number of persons per dwelling and the average number per family. The decrease in the average number per dwelling has been due to the decrease in the average per family, the infiuence of which has been partly offset by the increased construc- tion of tenements and other dweUings containing more than one family. Divisions and states. — ^Table 2 shows, by geographic divisions and states, the number of dwellings and families in 1910 and the average number of persons per dwelling and per family for each of the last three censuses. Variations among the divisions and states with respect to the average number of persons per dwelling are largely due to variations in the proportion of the population Hving in great cities, where there are many tenement houses, apartment houses, and other large dwelhngs. The average number of persons per dwell-, ing in 1910 was greatest in the Middle Atlantic and New England divisions (6.2 and 6, respectively), and these are the divisions with the largest proportion of urban population. The average was lowest in the Mountain division (4.5). Among the states. New York, Rhode Island, Massachusetts, New Jersey, and Connecticut had an average of more than six persons per dwelling in 1910. The average was lowest in Nevada (3.6). (259) 260 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. In 1910 the average number of persons per family was greatest in the three southern divisions (4.8 in the South Atlantic and West South Central and 4.7 in the East South Central), and smallest (4.3) in the East North Central, Mountain, and Pacific divisions . In all of the geographic divisions except the New England and Middle Atlantic the average size of famihes de- creased from 1900 to 1910, while in those two divisions there was no change. Among the individual states, the average size of families in 1910 was greatest in Minnesota and North Carolina, 5 in each case. It was 4.9 in Virginia, West Virginia, and Texas. In no state except Nevada did the average fall below 4.1. Table 2, PERSONS TO A PERSONS TO A Popula- tion: 1910 Dwell- Fami- DWELLING. FAMILT. DIVISION AKD ings: 1910 lies: 1910 STATE. 1910 1900 1890 1910 1900 1890 United States 91,972,266 17,805,845 20,255,655 S.2 6.3 5.5 4.6 4.7 4.9 Geog.dfvs.: New England. 6,552,681 1,099,336 1,464,942 6.0 6.7 6.V 4.6 4.6 4.6 Mid. Atlantic. 19,315,892 3,093.464 4.236,676 6.2 6.0 5.9 4.6 4.6 4.7 E. N. Central. 18,250.621 3,743,779 4,214,82C 4.9 6.0 6.2 4.3 4.6 4.8 W.N. Central. 11,637,921 2,448,083 2,692,068 4.8 6.0 6.2 4.6 4.8 6.0 ' South Atlantic 12,194,895 2,424,935 2,539,270 6.0 6.2 6.4 4.8 5.0 5.2 E.S. Central.. 8,409,901 1,732,162 1,796,832 4.9 6.1 6.6 4.V 4.9 6.3 W.S. Central. 8,784,534 1,780,510 1,827,105 4.9 5.2 6.6 4.8 5.0 6.3 Mountain 2,633,517 586,451 614,656 4.6 4.6 6.0 4.3 4.4 4.8 Pacific 4,192,304 897, 135 970, 186 4.V 4.8 6.1 4.3 4.4 4.9 New England: Maine 742,371 159,437 177,960 4.V 4.V 4.9 4.2 4.3 4.4 N. Hampshire 430,572 88.871 103, 166 4.8 4.8 4.9 4.2 4.2 4.3 Vermont 355,956 77.466 85,178 4.6 4.6 4.8 4.2 4.2 4.4 Massachusetts 3,366,416 511,926 734,013 6.6 6.2 6.8 4.6 4.6 4.7 Rhode Island. 642,610 79,725 117,976 6.8 6.3 6.6 4.6 4.6 4.6 Cormecticut... 1,114,756 181,911 246,669 6.1 5.V 6.V 4.6 4.6 4.6 Mid. Atlantic: New York.... 9, 113. 614 1,178,686 2,046,845 y.v V.U 6.V 4.6 4.4 4.6 New Jersey... 2,537,167 407,296 658,202 6.2 5.9 6.8 4.6 4.6 4.7 Pennsylvania. 7,665,111 1,507,483 1,630,628 6.1 b.l 6.3 4.7 4.8 5.0 E. N. Central; Ohio 4,767,121 1,024,80C 1, 138, 166 4.7 4.K 6.1 4.2 4.4 4.V Indiana 2,700,876 631,564 654,891 4.3 4.6 4.8 4.1 4.4 4.7 niinois 5,638,591 1,006.848 1,264,717 6.6 6.7 6.V 4.5 4.7 4.9 Michigan 2, 810, 173 618,222 667,418 4.6 4.6 4.8 4.3 4.4 4.6 Wisconsin 2,333,86C 462,366 499,629 6.U 6.2 6.3 4.7 4.9 6.U W.N. Central: Minnesota 2,075,708 380,809 416,462 6.6 6.6 5.7 6.0 6.1 6.2 Iowa 2,224,771 3,293,335 498,943 677, 196 612,616 749,812 4.6 4.9 4.8 S.2 6.0 5.6 4.3 4.4 4.6 4.7 4.9 Missouri 5.1 NorthDakota 577,066 118, 767 120,910 4.9 6.U 4.8 4.8 4.9 4.7 South Dakota. 583,888 127,738 131,060 4.6 4.9 4.8 4.6 4.8 4.7 Nebraska 1,192,214 258, 967 265,549 4.6 6.0 5.t 4.6 4.8 6.1 Kansas 1,690,949 385,672 395,771 4.4 4.7 4.9 4.3 4.6 4.8 S. Atlantic: Delaware 202,322 43,183 44,951 4.7 4.8 6.0 4.6 4.V 4.9 Maryland 1,295,346 263,806 274, 824 6.1 6.4 5.7 4.7 4.9 5.2 Dist.Columbia 331,069 68,613 71,339 6.V 5.6 6.9 4.6 4.9 5.2 Vilginia 2,061,612 400,446 419,462 b.l 6.3 6.7 4.9 6.1 6.4 West Virginia 1,221,119 239, 128 248,480 5.1 5.3 6.6 4.9 6.1 6.4 N.Carolina... 2,206,287 430,570 440,334 6.1 6.3 6.4 5.0 5.1 6.3 S.Carolina.... 1,516,400 302,842 315, 204 6.0 6.2 6.3 4.8 6.0 6.2 Geoigia 2,609,121 630,631 553,264 4.9 6.1 6.4 4.V 4.9 5.2 Florida 752,619 165,818 171,422 4.6 4.V 6.0 4.4 4.6 4.9 E. S. Centeal: Kentucky 2,289.905 469,669 494,788 4.U 5.2 6.6 4.6 4.9 5.2 2,184,789 444, 814 462,563 4.9 6.2 5.5 4.7 6.0 5.3 Alabama 2,138,093 441,249 454,767 4.8 b.O 6.4 4.V 4.9 6.3 Mississippi — W. S. Central: Arkansas 1,797,114 376,420 384,724 4.8 6.0 6.6 4.V 4.9 6.3 1,674,449 327,626 333,368 4.8 6.1 6.4 4.7 4.9 5.3 l,656,3&7 0) 8.3 5.2 4.9 6.1 5.0 6.6 5.4 4.2 4.0 4.5 4.1 3.7 4.4 3.7 4.0 3.9 4.8 4.5 4.4 4-4 6.1 4.4 4.6 4.6 5.0 4.7 4.4 4.6 3.8 4.0 4,0 4.2 4.1 4.6 4.4 3.9 4.3 3.7 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 C) 4.5 4.8 ^] 4.5 4.9 4.9 3.9 4.6 4.0 3.9 4.1 4.8 4.9 4.7 4.8 3.9 6.2 4.3 6.1 5.1 6.5 4.6 (') 4.7 4.7 (') 4.7 (') 4.9 4.9 4.7 5.0 4.4 5.0 4.S IlUnols Aurora 29,807 25,768 27,871 31,140 58,547 25,976 34, 670 66,950 36,587 45, 401 61,678 69,647 63,933 63,684 58,157 32,811 25, 577 29,292 43,028 86,368 38.494 47,828 26,693 82,331 43,684 52,450 63,270 36,099 30,309 6,235 6,082 6,793 7,131 11,628 5,383 6,005 14,111 7,685 8,802 11,214 15,240 13,879 11,200 13, 457 7,680 6,765 6,344 8,900 18,694 7,472 9,293 5,708 18,279 10,387 11,293 9,841 7,880 5,470 6,864 6,466 7,167 7,588 12,888 6,024 7,199 15,225 8,792 10,437 11,906 16,196 14,625 12,039 14,320 7,949 5,978 6,722 10,316 20,599 8,417 10, 204 6,093 19,677 11,243 12,671 12,621 8, .530 7,315 4.8 4.2 4.1 4.4 6.0 4.8 5.8 4.7 4.8 5.2 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.8 4.3 4.3 4.4 4.6 4.8 4.6 5.2 6.1 4.7 4.6 4.2 4.6 5.4 4.5 5.5 4.7 4.6 4.7 4.4 5.2 5.1 5.7 6.2 4.9 6.2 4.9 5.1 4.7 5.1 4.7 4.6 4.5 4.9 6.0 4.9 5.5 5.2 4.5 4.9 4.3 4.7 5.9 4.8 5.8 4.9 4.8 4.7 4.7 5.8 5.5 5.9 5.1 6.3 6.4 6.1 6.6 6.4 5.2 4.9 4.8 4.8 6.0 5.0 6.0 5.5 6.6 4.6 6.0 4.6 4.7 6.1 5.0 5.9 4.3 4.0 3.9 4.1 4.6 4.3 4.8 4.4 4.2 4.4 4.3 4.3 4.4 4.6 4.1 • 4.1 4.3 4.4 4.2 4.2 4.6 4.7 4.4 4.2 3.9 4.1 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.3 4.3 4.2 4.2 4.8 4.6 4.9 4.7 4.4 4.3 4.5 4.8 4.5 4.6 4.3 4.3 4.4 4.7 4.4 4.4 4.9 4.6 4.1 4.4 4.1 4.3 4.5 4.4 4.5 4.5 Bloomington 4.7 Danville 4.5 Arkansas 4. .5 East St. Louis 5.2 Elgin ,5.0 California Johet .5.7 Peoria 4.8 Qiiincy.. 4.7 Rockford 4.6 Springfield 4.V Indiana Evansville Colorado a?. 4.9 Pueblo South Bend 4.8 Connecticut Hartford Torre Haute 4.6 Iowa Meriden town 4 7 Meridenciiy Clinton 4 7 New Britain Davenport 4.6 4 S Stamford town Stamford city 4 9 Waterburv Sioux City Waterloo 6.3 4.3 Kansas Kansas City . . Florida 4 7 Topeka 4.4 Wichita 4.6 Georgia Kentucky Covington 4.8 l^xmptnj^ 4.7 Savannah Newport 4.V ' Figures not available- 262 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. DWELLINGS AND FAMILIES IN CITIES HAVING FROM 25,000 TO 100,000 INHABITANTS— Continued. Table 5— Continued. liOnlslana Shreveport Maine Lewis ton foitland ' Uassacbasetts Brockton Brookline town Cbelsea Chicopee Everett Ktchburg Haverhill Holyoke Lawrence Lynn Maiden New Bedford Newton Pittsfield ,Quincy Salem Somerrille Springfield Taunton Waltham Uichlgan Battle Creek Bay City Flint Jackson Kalamazoo Lansing Saginaw Minnesota Duluth Missouri Joplin St. Joseph Springfield Montana Butte Nebraska Lincoln South Omaha Kew Hampsliire Manchester Nashua New Jersey Atlantic City Bayonne Camden East Orange , Elizabeth Hoboken Orange Passaic Perth Amboy Trenton West Hoboken town. . New York Amsterdam Auburn Bingham ton Elmlra Jamestown Kingston Mount Vernon New Eochelle Newburgh i Niagara Falls '. Poughkeepsie Schenectady Troy Utica Watertown Yonkera Popu- lation: 1910 28,015 26.247 58,671 25,267 45,166 38,650 31,433 39,437 31,229 60,510 78,466 32,073 77,403 35,201 39,165 43,973 26,259 70,063 26,005 46,150 55,645 94,538 34,371 73,409 70,324 29,630 54,773 32,121 96,815 35,403 31,267 34,668 48,443 37, 176 31, 297 26,908 30,919 28, 867 27,806 30,445 27,936 72,826 76,813 74,419 26,730 79,803 Dwell- ings: 1910 6,070 3,150 9,480 8,246 3,733 3,570 3,288 5,590 4, — 7,332 4,841 10,413 13, 112 7,419 11,604 7,403 6,834 6,128 5,917 12, 139 13,352 5,407 4,723 6,170 9,679 7,393 7,464 8,412 6,849 11,563 11,927 7,592 16,086 7,906 7,476 9,607 4,962 4,708 7,942 6,147 20,260 6,108 10,090 4,433 4,391 6,136 4,209 17,932 3,723 4,122 6,776 8,437 7,982 6,""' 4, 4,692 4,280 4,233 6,671 4,676 10, 639 10,745 10,333 5,754 7,857 Fami- lies; 1910 6,697 5,368 13,691 13, 161 5,858 6,697 4,438 7,581 7,931 9,976 11,266 17,142 19, 786 9,895 20, 820 8,236 6,748 7,081 9,265 18,440 19, 968 7,276 5,796 6,720 9,956 8,627 7, 9,098 7,382 11,926 14,736 8,052 17,138 8,419 8,668 10,472 6,245 14,166 6,650 9,744 10,998 21,482 7,717 15,434 16, 620 6,294 10,257 6,367 19,678 8,374 6,686 7,899 11,438 8,981 7,731 6,054 6,797 5, 6,620 6,621 6,834 15,868 18, 109 16,063 6,512 16,219 PERSONS TO A DWELLING. 1910 1900 1890 4.6 83 6.2 6.9 7.4 9.1 7.7 6.0 7. 6.0 11.9 82 6.8 6.0 84 5.4 5.5 6.3 7.4 6.4 6.7 6.3 5.9 4.1 47 5.2 42 47 46 44 6.6 4 2 4 8 4 5 5.2 4. 5.3 5.8 9.0 4 7 6.6 7.3 16.9 6.7 10.7 7.6 5.4 9.5 7.6 6.1 5.7 4 7 5.6 6.4 6.7 6.7 6.6 5.4 6.1 6.8 7.1 7.2 4 10.2 45 8.0 6.1 6.0 7.1 6.6 7.0 6.4 6.8 5.8 10.9 7.7 6.2 5. 7.1 5.4 6.2 5.3 6.8 6.7 6.1 6.2 5.4 44 5.0 44 44 47 43 45 6.6 48 6.7 48 5.4 6.8 6.1 7.7 5.5 5.6 7.4 4 6 6.6 6.7 14 2 6.3 9.0 7.2 6.1 8.0 6.6 6.3 5.6 4 9 5.2 5.7 6.0 6.1 6.1 5.3 6.0 7.0 7.8 6.2 4 8 9.0 47 8 5 6.3 6.6 7.2 6.2 6.9 5.3 6.4 6.6 11.3 7.7 6.6 6.6 8.7 5.7 6.5 4 8 6.8 6.1 6.4 6.3 5.8 47 5.3 46 47 49 47 5.2 8.2 5.2 6.5 6.1 6.5 6.2 5.2 8.3 5.5 4 7 7.1 4 7 (') 6.5 12.8 6.4 7, 6.6 5.0 (') 6.2 5.2 6.3 6.3 5.1 8.2 5.1 5.7 6.8 (') 6.3 8.4 7.8 6.0 4 8 8.6 PERSONS TO A FAMILY. 1910 1900 1890 42 43 47 49 6.7 44 48 44 5.1 5.0 45 45 48 48 48 46 47 42 46 47 48 46 46 40 43 42 42 4 4 5 42 42 5.0 4 9 46 4 7 5.1 4.4 4 5 4 8 4 5 4.7 5.3 5.0 4 9 4.2 4 7 4 4 4 2 41 40 4 3 4 5 5.0 4 2 4 6 41 4 6 4 2 4 6 41 4 9 3.9 49 44 3.9 47 41 41 43 42 44 4 5 6.0 44 5.1 5.3 4 9 4 6 6.1 •6.0 4.4 4 4 8 4 4 4 8 5.1 6.1 4 9 43 5.2 44 44 6.1 45 6.4 43 47 46 5.3 49 46 45 45 6*1 49 6.6 44 46 46 47 49 41 5.0 42 43 45 45 49 6.8 5.0 5.3 49 5.4 6.0 5.2 5.2 4 7 4 6 5.5 4 6 4.6 5.1 6.3 5.1 48 {') 4 7 4 7 4 5 4 6 4 4 4 6 4 9 5.4 4 5 (■) 4 4 4 6 4 7 4 6 4 4 5.3 North Carolina Charlotte Wilmington Ohio Akron Canton Hamilton Lima Lorain Newark Springfield Ybungstown Zanesville Oklahoma Muskogee Oklahoma City Pennsylvania Allentown Altoona Chester Easton Erie Harrisburg Hazleton Johnstown Lancaster McKeesport New Castle Norristown borough. . Reading , Shenandoah borough Wilkes-Barre WiUiamsport York Khode Island Newport Pawtucket Warwick town Woonsocket South Carolina Charleston Columbia Tennessee Chattanooga Knoxville Texas Austin Dallas El Paso Fort Worth Galveston Houston San Antonio Waco Utah Ogden Salt Lake City Virginia Lynchburg Norfolk Portsmouth Boanoke Washington Tacoma West Virginia Huntington Wheeling ■ Wisconsin Green Bay La Crosse Madison Oshkosh Racine Sheboygan Superior Poj)n- lation: 1910 34,014 25,748 69,087 50,217 36,279 30, 508 28,883 25,404 48, 921 79,066 28,026 25,278 64,205 51,913 62, 127 38, 637 28,623 66, 626 64,186 25,452 55,482 47,227 42,694 36,280 27,876 96,071 25,774 67, 105 31,860 44,750 27, 149 61, 622 26,629 38,126 58,833 28,319 44,804 36,346 29,860 92, 104 39,279 73,312 36,981 78,800 96, 614 26,425 26,580 92, 777 29,494 67, 452 33,190 34, 874 83,743 31, 161 41,641 25, 238 30, 417 25, 631 33, 062 38,002 26, 398 40,384 Dwell, ings: 1910 7,079 6,481 13,701 10,722 7,626 6,929 5,071 6,138 11,060 14,280 6,755 5,197 11,516 11,379 11,024 7,769 6,860 12,437 14,461 i,< 9,790 10,624 7,553 7,532 5,121 20,798 4,069 12,127 7,266 10, 078 4, 4,200 9,652 4,979 9,023 6,890 5,836 18,538 7,992 14, 585 7,361 16, 903 19, 674 5,316 4,932 17,866 6,476 11, 963 8,633 6,223 16,253 6,023 7,769 5,072 6,267 5,182 7, 7,054 4,714 6,105 Fami- lies: 1910 7,740 6,878 15,851 11,845 8,256 7,368 6,075 6,439 11,821 16,228 7,163 5,799 13,686 11,772 11,473 8,032 8,935 14,742 16,073 5,002 10,866 10,836 8,802 8,146 6,391 21,809 4,819 13,247 7,660 10,405 5,531 11,299 6,719 7,"' 15,093 5,745 10,580 7,905 6,194 20, 518 8,792 16, 296 8,258 17,040 21, 096 6,661 5,424 20,283 6,242 15, 498 7,120 7,179 18,054 6,541 9,843 5,448 6,"-" 5,949 7,681 8,286 5,869 7,046 PERSONS TO A DWELLING. 1910 1900 1890 48 47 5.0 4 7 4 6 4 4 6.7 41 4 2 5.5 41 4 9 6.6 46 47 5.0 4 3 5.3 44 5.4 5.7 4 5 5.7 4 8 5.4 48 6.3 5.5 4 4 4 4 8.1 7.7 5.4 9.1 6.1 6:3 4 9 6.3 5.1 5.0 4 9 5.0 6.0 6.0 4 9 5.0 5.2 5.2 5.4 5.6 5.0 5.8 5.2 5.4 5.0 4 9 4 9 4 6 5.4 5.6 5.2 47 49 46 5.0 4 6 6.0 4 6 4 8 5.4 4.4 47 S.4 4 7 49 5.1 4 6 5.4 4 6 6.0 6.4 4 7 6.6 4 9 6.3 4 9 5.8 5.3 4 6 4 7 5.8 6.7 5.5 9.1 6.4 6.7 5.2 5.6 6.3 5.2 5.0 4 9 5.2 5.2 6.1 6.3 6.1 6.2 6.7 6.1 5.4 5.6 5.1 6.6 5.2 5.1 5.4 4 9 5.3 5.8 6.3 5.1 8.0 5.0 5.2 5.2 5.3 5.0 4 8 48 6.5 48 (•) 3.6 6.0 5.2 5.1 44 5.7 48 6.4 5.6 4 9 6.8 4 9 6.4 6.0 5.7 5.4 4 9 4 6 6.1 7.2 5.8 9.5 6.7 6.1 6.3 6.1 5.3 6.6 5.2 5.6 5.1 5.4 5.6 6.3 6.7 8.4 8.3 8.0 5.7 6.6 6.4 8.1 5.8 5.9 6.5 5.2 5.2 5.1 8.0 6.9 PERSONS TO A FAMILY . 1910 1900 1890 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 3 41 4 8 3.9 4 4 9 3.9 44 4 7 44 4 5 4 8 41 4.5 4 3 5.1 5.2 4 4 49 4 6 5.2 44 5.6 5.1 4 2 43 4 9 4 6 4 7 6.1 3. 46 42 4 6 4 8 46 4 5 4 5 45 4 6 4 6 4 7 4 7 4 6 4 7 4 4 4 7 4 9 4 8 4 2 4 8 4.5 43 44 4 6 4 5 5.7 46 41 44 43 45 4 3 6.1 4 3 44 49 42 43 48 5.0 4 7 4 6 4 6 4 7 4 7 4 7 4 9 49 45 4 7 4 6 4 9 4 9 48 4 6 4 6 48 4 7 4 8 4 6 4 7 47 5.6 48 44 46 4S 47 47 47 44 45 5.1 45 2.9 47 6.1 5.1 43 5.1 47 5.1 6.3 48 5.2 47 5.3 48 5.6 5.1 47 46 48 47 49 5.3 49 5.2 47 5.2 5.1 5.3 49 6.4 5.0 5.3 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.9 5.0 48 5.2 •6.1 5.6 5.S 49 5.4 49 49 4 8 47 48 6.2 > Figures not available. AGRICULTURE Chapter 9.— FARMS AND FARM PROPERTY Chapter 10.— TENURE, MORTGAGE INDEBTEDNESS, COLOR AND NATIVITY OF FARMERS, AND SIZE OF FARMS Chapter 11.— LIVE STOCK ON FARMS AND ELSEWHERE Chapter 12.— LIVE STOCK PRODUCTS AND DOMESTIC ANIMALS SOLD OR SLAUGHTERED ON FARMS Chapter 13.— FARM CROPS— ACREAGE, PRODUCTION, AND VALUE Chapter 14.— IRRIGATION AND IRRIGATED CROPS (263) Ohaptee 9, FARMS AND FARM PROPERTY. UNITED STATES AS A WHOLE: 1910 AND 1900. The present chapter gives the principal data per- taining to farms and farm property, by states and geographic divisions, for 1910 and 1900, and by geo- graphic divisions for each census from 1850 to 1910. The following table summarizes, for the United States (excluding noncontiguous possessions), the prin- cipal facts with regard to farms and farm property for the years 1910 and 1900: FARMS, FARM LAND, AND FARM PROPERTY OF THE UNITED STATES. Table 1 Population : Urban population ^ Rural population ^ Number of all farms Land area of the country acres. Land in farms acres.. Improved land in farms acres. Average acreage per farm Average improved acreage per farm Per cent of total land area m farms Per cent of land in farms improved Per cent of total land area improved Value of farm property, total Land Buildings Implements and machinery Domestic animals, poultry, and bees^ Average value of all property per farm Average value of all property per acre of land in farms Average value of land per acre 1910 (April 15) 91, 972, 266 42, 623, 383 49, 348, 883 6, 361, 602 * 1, 903, 289, 600 878, 798, 325 478, 451, 750 138.1 75.2 46.2 54.4 25.1 $40, 991, 449, 090 28, 475, 674, 169 6, 325, 451, 528 1, 265, 149, 783 4, 925, 173, 610 $6, 444 $46. 64 132. 40 1900 (June 1) 75, 994, 575 31, 609, 645 44, 384, 930 8, 737, 372 ^ 1, 903, 461, 760 838, 591, 774 414, 498, 487 146.2 72.2 44.1 49.4 21.8 $20, 439, 901, 164 13, 058, 007, 995 3, 556, 639, 496 749, 775, 970 3, 075, 477, 703 $3, 563 $24. 37 $15. 57 INCEEASE.' Amount. 15, 977, 691 11, 013, 738 4, 963, 953 624, 130 * -172,160 40, 206, 551 63, 953, 263 -8.1 3.0 $20, 5S1, 647, 926 15, 417, 666, 174 2, 768, 812, 032 515, 373, 813 1, 849, 695, 907 $2, 881 $22. 27 $16. 83 Per cent. 21.0 34.8 11.2 10.9 4.8 15.4 -5.5 4.2 100. s 118.1 77.8 68.7 60.1 80.9 9L4 108.1 1 A minus sign (—) denotes decrease. 2 Population of incorporated places having, in 1910, 2,500 or more inhabitants. The figure for 1900 does not represent the urban population according to that census but is the population in that year of the territory classified as urban in 1910. " Total, exclusive of urban. (See Note 2.) „ . , , , < Change in area due to the drainage of lakes and swamps of Ilnnois and Indiana, building of the Roosevelt and Laguna reservoirs, and the formation of the Salton Sea in California. There are in the United States 6,361,502 farms,^ containing a total of 878,798,000 acres,^ of which 478,452,000 acres are improved. The land in farms represents somewhat less than one-half, 46.2 per cent, of the total land area of the country, while the im- proved land represents somewhat over one-half, 54.4 per cent, of the total acreage of land in farms. Im- proved land in farms thus represents almost exactly one-fourth, 25.1 per cent of the total land area of the country. On the average the farms of the United States contain 138.1 acres, of which, on the average, over one-haK, 75.2 acres, are improved land. 1 Farm.— A "farm" for census purposes is all the land which is directly fanned by one person managing and conducting agricultural operations, either by his own labor alone or with the assistance of members of his household or Ured employees. The term "agricultural operations" is used as a general term referring to the work of growing crops, producing other agricultural products, and raising animals, fowls, and bees. A "farm" as thus defined may consist of a single tract of land or of a number of separate and distinct tracts, and these several tracts may be held under different tenures, as where one tract is owned by the farmer and another tract is hired by him. Further, when a landowner has one or more tenants, renters, crop- pers, or managers, the land operated by each is considered a "farm." In applying the foregoing definition of a " farm " for census purposes, enumerators were instructed to report as a " farm " any tract of 3 or more acres used for agricultural purposes, no matter what the value of the products raised upon the land or the amount of labor involved in operating the same in 1909. In addition, they were instructed to report in the same manner all tracts containing less than 3 acres which either produced at least $250 worth of farm products in the year 1909, or on which the continuous services of at least one person were expended. 2 Land In farms.— Land In farms is divided at the present census into (1) improved land, (2) woodland, and (3) all other unimproved land. The same classi- fication was followed in 1880. At former censuses, except that of 1880, farm land was divided into improved land and unimproved land, woodland being included with unimproved land. Improved lartd includes all land regularly tilled or mowed, land pastured and cropped in rotation, land lying fallow, land in gardens, orchards, vineyards, and nurseries, and land occupied by farm buildings. Woodlwnd includes all land covered with natural or planted forest trees which produce, or later may produce, fiiewood or other forest products. All other unimproved land includes brush land, rough or stony land, swamp land, and any other land which is not improved or in forest. It should be noted, however, in this connection that the census classification of farm land as "improved land," "woodland," and "other unimproved land " is one not always easy for the farmers or enumerators to make, owing to the fact that the farmers sometimes use these terms with different mean- ings from those assigned to them by the Bureau of the Census. There Is evidence that the same kind of land has at certain times aud places been reported aa " improved land " and at other times and places as "unimproved land," rendering these classifications less accurate than the report of total farm acreage and value. (265) 266 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. The total value of farm property reaches the enor- mous sum of $40,991,000,000, of which over two- thirds represents the value of land, about one-sixth the value of buildings, and about another one-sixth the combined value of implements and machinery and of Hve stock. The average value of all farm property per farm reporting is $6,444. The average value of all farm property per acre of land in farms is $46.64, and the average value of the land itself per acre is $32.40. It is a significant fact that whereas the total popu- lation increased 21 per cent between 1900 and 1910, the urban population increased 34.8 per cent and the rural population only 11.2 per cent. The num- ber and acreage of farms increased much less rapidly than the total population, but the growth in the number of farms nearly kept pace with the move- ment of the rural population, amounting to 10.9 per cent. The total farm acreage, on the other hand, in- creased only 4.8 per cent. This, however, is less significant than the increase in acreage of improved farm land, which amounted to 15.4 per cent, showing a greater percentage of increase than the number of farms or rural population but stiU falling appreciably behind the increase in total population. It should be noted that "rural population" is a much broader term than "agricultural population." "Kural" as here used includes the entire population outside of incor- porated places, including New England "towns," having 2,500 inhabitants or more. The average size of a farm decreased from 146.2 acres in 1900 to 138.1 acres in 1910, but the average acreage of improved land per farm was somewhat greater in the later year than in the earher. It is possible that the reported increase in the proportion of farm land im- proved, from 49.4 per cent in 1900 to 54.4 in 1910, is partly due to differences of interpretation as to what constitutes improved land. (See definitions, p. 265.) The total value of farm property a httle more than doubled during the decade 1900 to 1910. The greater part of this extraordinary increase has been in farm land, the value of which increased no less than 118.1 per cent, and this in turn was due largely to the ad- vance in the price of land, the average value per acre being more than twice as high in 1910 as in 1900 — $32.40 as compared with $15.57. There have been remarkable increases, also, in the value of farm build- ings and equipment, the value of buildings having increased 77.8 per cent, that of implements and machinery 68.7. per cent, and that of live stock 60.1 per cent. Notwithstanding the decrease in the average size of farms, the value of all farm property per farm in- creased from $3,563 in 1900 to $6,444 in 1910, or 80.9 per cent . FARMS AND FARM LAND, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES: 1910 AND 1900. Geographic distribution of farms and farm land. — The agricultural industry of the country is very un- equally distributed among its different sections and states. Table 3, on pages 268 and 269, shows for each of the nine main geographic divisions and for each state the total and rural population, number of farms, total land area, and acreage of farm land and of improved farm land for 1910 and 1900. It also shows what percentage of the respective totals was found in each division and state at each of these censuses. While the differences among the several geographic divisions as regards the proportions in which they con- tribute to the farming industry of the country are naturally affected greatly by the differences in the total area of the divisions, it is evident that they are due in large degree to differences in the extent to which the land is capable of utihzation for farming purposes, or has thus far been so utilized. For in- stance, the Mountain division, which comprises 28.89 per cent of the total land area, has only 3.33 per cent of the improved farm land. There is httle correspondence between the geo- graphic distribution of population and that of the agricultural industry. Notwithstanding the fact that "rural population," as shown in the table, includes large numbers of persons not Uving on farms, there is, naturally, a somewhat closer correspondence between the distribution of the rural population and that of the number of fanns and the acreage of farm land. Table 3 shows that, whether the importance of the agricultural industry be judged by the number of farms, the total acreage of farms, or the total improved acreage, the great bulk of it is to be found in five geographic divisions — namely, the four which con- stitute the territory between the AUeghenies and the Rocky Mountains (East and West North Central and East and West South Central) together with the South Atlantic. Each of these five divisions has in the neighborhood of one-sixth of the total number of farms in the country. The West North Central division has a decidedly larger acreage of farm land than any other; it con- tains 26.5 per cent of the total farm acreage of the United States. The West South Central division ranks next, with 19.2 per cent of the total, followed by the East North Central and the South Atlantic. Notwithstanding their great total area, the Moun- tain and Pacific divisions contain only a compara- tively small proportion of the present farm land of the country. The acreage of improved farm land is on the whole the best criterion of the agricultural importance of a given state or division. Five-sixths of the improved farm land of the country is in the two North Central, FARMS AND FARM PROPERTY. 267 the two South Central, and the South Atlantic divi- sions. More than one-third of the total (34.3 per cent) is found In the West North Central division, the broad prairies of which are peculiarly adapted for almost complete utilization for farming purposes. The East North Central division ranks next, containing 18.6 per cent of the improved farm land of the country, and the West South Central foUows with 12.2 per cent. The Mountain and Pacific divisions together con- tribute less than 8 per cent of the total, this small proportion being dife partly to the newness of this section and partly to the great extent of mountainous and arid territory. It is convenient also to consider the country as divided into three great groups of states, which may be designated, in general terms, as the North, the South, and the West. The Nerth includes the first four divi- sions hsted in Table 3, the South the next three divi- sions, and the West the last two. Another convenient comparison is between the territory east and that west of the Mississippi River. The following table shows, for each of these sections, the percentages which the number of farms, the acreage of farm land, and the acreage of improved farm land represent of the totals for the United States : Table 2 PER CENT OF UNITED STATES TOTALS. SECTION. Numher of farms. All land in farms. Improved land m farms. 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 TTnlted States 100.0 4Sr'4 48.7 5.9 100.0 50.1 45.7 4.2 100.0 47.1 40.3 12.6 100.0 45.6 43.2 11.2 100.0 60.6 31.5 7.9 100.0 The North 63.0 The South 30.4 The West 6.6 East of the Mississippi 61.9 38.1 04.1 35.9, 41.7 58.3 43.8 56.2 45.6 54.4 51.1 48.9 While the South has a larger proportion of the num- ber of farms than the North, it has a smaller propor- tion of the total farm land of the country, and a decidedly smaller proportion of the improved farm land. The North contained a slightly larger propor- tion of the total area of farm land in 1910 than it did in 1900, but its proportion of the improved farm land was less in the later year than in the earlier. Precisely the opposite is true of the South. The movement of agriculture toward the West, which had been going on since the first settlement of the country, continued during the past decade. The four divisions Ipng west of the Mississippi, taken to- gether, comprised 54.4 per cent of the improved farm land of the country in 1910 as compared with 48.9 per cent in 1900. Increases and decreases: 1900-1910. — It wiU be seen by Table 3 that in the territory north of the Ohio and east of the Mississippi, comprising three geographic divisions — New England, Middle Atlantic, and East North Central — there was an actual decrease in the num- ber of farms between 1900 and 1910, despite a large increase in population. In the West North Central division the increase in the number of farms has been comparatively small, amounting to 4.6 per cent. In aU of the other five divisions there has been a very con- siderable increase in the number of farms. In the East South Central and Mountain divisions the num- ber increased more rapidly than the total population. Great differences appear among the several geo- graphic divisions with respect to the changes in the total acreage of land in farms. In the New England, Middle Atlantic, South Atlantic, and West South Central divisions there was a decrease in the acreage reported in farms. The largest decrease, both in absolute amount and in percentage, was in the West South Central division, but this is in a sense mis- leading. A considerable increase in the acreage of farms occurred in two of the states of the division, Arkansas and Oklahoma. In Louisiana a moderate decrease appeared, due to the purchase by nonresi- dents of undeveloped lands in the extreme southern part of the state, which had been reported as parts of farms in 1900, although not actually used for agricul- ture. A larger percentage of the total land area of the state is now improved than' in 1900. In Texas there was nominally a very great decrease in the acre- age of farm land, but a large part if not aU of this was due to the fact that in 1900 the state contained many enormous ranches which in their entirety were reported as farm land, whereas in 1910 many of these ranches were broken into smaller tracts, some of which were reported as farms, while others had not been put to use for agriculture. Some large tracts of land which were owned by nonresidents and not used at the time of enumeration in 1910 had been used more or less for graziag in 1900. The acreage of improved land in Texas increased greatly during the decade. In the East North Central and East South Central divisions there was a slight increase in farm land during the past decade. In the West North Central division over 31,000,000 acres more land was reported in farms in 1910 than in 1900, this increase represent- ing more than three-fourths of the total increase for the United States. The percentage of increase in this division, 15.7 per cent, was, however, exceeded by that in the Mountain division, 28.3 per cent. A very considerable increase in farm land was also reported for the Pacific states. Most of the states show the same movement with regard to acreage of farm land as the divisions in which they are situated, but there are a few exceptions. In the East North Central division, for example, which as a whole showed an increase, this was confined to the states of Michigan and Wisconsin, there being de- creases in farm land in Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois. 268 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. FARMS, LAND IN FARMS, AND POPULATION, BY STATES AND DIVISIONS, WITH PER CENT [A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease.] Table 3 DinSION OR STATE. t7nited States Geographic divisions: New England Middle Atlantic East North Central. . West North Central _ South Atlantic East South Central. . West South Central.. Mountain Pacific New England: Maine New Hampshire Vermont Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut Middle Atlantic; New York New Jersey Pennsylvania East North Central: Ohio Indiana Illinois Michigan Wisconsin West North Central: Minnesota Iowa Missouri North Dakota South Dakota Nebraska Kansas South Atlantic: Delaware Maryland District of Columbia. Virginia West Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Florida East South Central: Kentucky Tennessee Alabama Mississippi West South Central: Arkansas Louisiana Oklahoma Texas Mountain: Montana Idaho Wyoming Colorado New Mexico Arizona Utah Nevada Pacific: Washington Oregon California TOTAL population. 1910 91,972,266 562, 681 315,892 250,621 637,921 194,895 409,901 784,534 633,517 192,304 742,371 430,572 355,956 366,416 542, 610 114,756 113,614 537, 167 665, 111 767, 121 700, 876 638,691 810, 173 333,860 075,708 224, 771 293,335 577,056 583,888 192,214 690,949 202,322 296,346 331,069 061,612 221,119 206,287 515,400 609, 121 752, 619 289, 905 184, 789 138,093 797, 114 574,449 656,388 657,155 896, 542 376,053 325,594 145,965 799,024 327,301 204,354 373,351 81,875 ,141,990 672, 706 ,377,549 1900 75,994,575 5,592,017 15,464,678 15,985,581 10,347,423 10,443,480 7,647,757 6,632,290 1, 674, 667 2,416,692 694,466 411,688 343,641 2,805,346 428,566 908,420 7,268,894 1,883,669 6,302,115 4, 157, 545 2,616,462 4,821,560 2,420,982 2,069,042 1,751,394 2,231,853 3, 106, 665 319, 146 401,570 1,066,300 1,470,495 184, 735 1,188,044 278, 718 1,864,184 968,800 1,893,810 1,340,316 2,216,331 538,642 2, 147, 174 2,020,616 1,828,697 1,561,270 1,311,564 1,381,625 = 790,391 3,048,710 243,329 161,772 92,631 539, 700 195,310 122,931 276, 749 42,335 618,103 413, 536 1,485,053 Increase. Number. Per ct. 15,977,691 960,664 3,861,214 2,265,040 1,290,498 1,761,416 862, 144 2,262,244 958,860 1, 775, 612 47,905 18,984 12,315 661,070 114,054 206,336 1,844,720 653,498 1,362,996 609,576 184,414 817,041 389, 191 264,818 324,314 -7,082 186,670 267,910 182,318 125,914 220,454 17,587 107,302 62,351 207,428 262,319 312,477 175,084 392, 790 224,077 142, 731 164, 173 309, 396 245,844 262, 886 274,763 866,764 847,832 132, 724 163,822 63,434 259,324 131,991 81,423 96,602 39,640 623,887 269,229 892,496 21.0 17.2 25.0 14.2 12.5 16.8 11.4 34.5 67.3 73.5 6.9 4.6 3.6 20.0 26.4 34.7 21.6 14.7 7.3 16.9 16.1 12.8 18.5 -0.3 6.0 80.8 45.4 11.8 15.0 9.5 9.0 18.8 11.2 27.4 16.5 13.1 17.7 42.4 6.6 8.1 16.9 15.8 20.0 19.9 109.7 27.8 64.6 101.3 67.7 48.0 67.6 66.2 34.9 93.4 120.4 62.7 60.1 RURAL POPULATION. 1910 49,348,883 1,097,336 5,592,619 8,633,350 7,764,206 9, 102, 742 6,835,672 6,827,078 1, 686, 006 1,809,975 360,928 175,473 187,013 241,049 17, 966 114, 917 1,928,120 629,967 3,034,442 2, 101, 978 1,557,041 2, 161, 662 1,483,129 1,329,540 1,225,414 1,544,717 1,894,518 613,820 507,215 881,362 1, 197, 159 106,237 637, 154 1,586,083 992,877 1,887,813 1,290,668 2,070,471 633, 539 1,734,463 1,743,744 1, 767, 662 1,589,803 1,371,768 1,169,872 1,337,000 2,958,438 242,633 255, 696 102,744 394, 184 280, 730 141,094 200,417 536,460 365, 705 907,810 1900 44,384,930 1,102,486 5,146,961 8,637,570 7,324,759 8,105,763 6,361,467 5,370,564 1,099,325 1,236,045 354,902 186,681 196,235 235,862 16,877 114, 039 1,916,611 520,016 2,710,334 2,130,083 1, 640, 168 2,156,217 1,454,156 1,257,946 1, 137, 799 1,664,686 1,963,234 285, 784 363,626 804,447 1,115,284 99,018 594,911 1,499,323 821,336 1,685,595 1,163,046 1,840,279 402,265 1,663,941 1,684,894 1,591,027 1,421,605 1,179,846 1,000,628 3 701,243 2,488,838 153,863 139, 665 59,005 270,038 168,826 101,522 168,581 37,835 290,489 270,696 674,860 Nimiber. Per ct. -5, 150 445,568 -4,220 439,446 996, 979 474,205 1,456,624 586, 681 673,930 6,026 -10,108 . -8,222 5,197 1,079 878 11,509 109,941 324, 108 -28, 105 -83, 127 6,445 28,973 71, 594 87,615 -119,869 -68, 716 228,036 163,690 76,915 81,875 6,219 42,243 86,760 171,641 202,218 127,522 230, 192 131,284 70,622 68,850 176,635 168, 198 191,923 159,244 635, 757 469,600 88, 780 116,031 43,739 124, 146 111,904 39,672 31,836 30,673 246,971 96,009 232,950 11.2 -0.5 8.7 -(') 6.0 12.3 7.5 27.1 53.4 46.4 1.7 -5.4 -4.2 2.2 6.4 0.8 0.6 21.1 12.0 -1.3 -5.1 0.3 2.0 5.7 7.7 -7.2 -3.5 79.8 43.4 9.6 7.3 6.3 7.1 5.7 20.9 12.0 11.0 12.5 32.6 4.2 3.5 11.1 11.8 16.3 15.9 90.7 18.9 57.7 83.1 74.1 46.0 66.3 39.0 18.9 81.1 84.7 35.1 34.5 number of all FARMS. 1910 6,361,602 188,802 468,379 1,123,489 1,109,948 1,111,881 1,042,480 943, 186 183,446 189,891 60,016 27^053 32,709 36,917 5,292 26, 815 215,597 33,487 219,295 272,046 215,485 251,872 206,960 177, 127 156, 137 217,044 277,244 74,360 J7,644 129,678 177,841 10,836 48,923 217 184,018 96,685 253,725 176,434 291,027 50,016 259, 186 246,012 262, 901 274,382 214,678 120,646 190, 192 417, 770 26,214 30,807 10,987 46,170 35,676 9,227 21,676 2,689 66,192 45,602 88,197 1900 5,737,372 191,888 485, 618 1,136,823 1,060,744 962,225 903,313 754,853 101,327 141,581 59,299 29,324 33,104 37, 715 5,498 26, 948 226, 720 34, 660 224,248 276, 719 221,897 264, 161 203,261 169, 795 164,669 228. 622 284,886 45,332 52,622 121,525 173,098 9,687 46,012 269 167,886 92,874 224, 637 155,355 224, 691 40,814 234, 667 224. 623 223,220 220,803 178,694 116,969 2 108,000 352, 190 13,370 17,471 6,095 24,700 12,311 6,809 19,387 2,184 33,202 36,837 72,542 Increase. Number. Perct, 624, 130 -3,086 -17,239 -12,334 49,204 149,666 139, 167 188,333 82, 119 48,310 717 -2,271 -395 -798 -206 -133 -11,123 -1,163 -4,953 -4,674 -6,412 -12,279 3,699 7,332 1,478 -11,578 -7,642 29,028 25,022 8,163 4,743 1,149 2,911 -52 16, 132 3,811 29,088 21,079 66,336 9,202 24,518 21,389 39,681 53,579 35,984 4,577 82, 192 65,580 12,844 13,336 4,892 21,470 23,365 3,418 2,289 505 22,990 9,665 15,655 10.9 -1.6 -3.5 -1.1 4.6 16.6 15.4 24.9 81.0 34.1 1.2 -7.7 -1.2 -2.1 -3.7 -0.5 -4.9 -3.4 -2.2 -1.7 -2.9 -4.6 1.8 4.3 1.0 -5.1 -2.7 64.0 47.6 6.7 2.7 11.9 6.3 -19.3 9.6 4.1 12.9 13.6 29.5 22.5 10.4 9.5 17.8 24.3 20.1 3-9 76.1 18.6 96.1 76.3 80.3 86.9 189.8 58.8 11.8 23.1 69.2 27.0 21.6 1 Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. ' Less than one-hundredth of 1 per cent. FARMS AND FARM PROPERTY. 269 DISTRIBUTION OF UNITED STATES TOTALS AMONG DIVISIONS AND STATES: 1910 AND 1900. [A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease.] Total laud area (acres). ALL LAND IN FARMS (ACKE3). IMPBOTED LAND IN FAKMS (ACHES). PER CENT OF UNITED STATES TOTALS Increase. Increase. Farms. Farm land. Improved. 1910 1900 1910 1900 Land Acres. Per ct. Acres. Per ct. area. 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1 1,903,289,600 878,798,326 838,591,774 40,206,661 4.8 478,451,750 414,498,487 63,953,263 15.4 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 2 39,664,640 19,714,931 20,648,999 -834,068 -4.1 7,254,904 8,134,403 -879,199 -10.8 2.08 2.97 3.34 2.24 2.45 1.52 1.96 3 64,000,000 43,191,056 44,860,090 -1,669,034 -3.7 29,320,894 30,786,211 -1,465,317 -4.8 '3.36 7.36 8.46 4.91 S.35 6.13 7.43 4 167,160,960 117,929,148 116,340,761 1,588,387 1.4 88,947,228 86,670,271 2,276,957 2.6 8.26 17.66 19.80 13.42 13.87 18.69 20.91 £ 326,914,660 232,648,121 201,008,713 31,6.39,408 15.7 164,284,862 135,643,828 28,641,034 21.1 17.18 17.45 18.49 26.47 23.97 34.34 32.72 6 172,206,440 103,782,255 104,297,506 -516,251 -0.5 48,479,733 46,100,226 2,379,607 5.2 9.05 17.48 16.77 11.81 12.44 10.13 11.12 7 114,885,760 81,520,629 81,247,643 272,986 0.3 43,946,846 40,237,337 3,709,509 9.2 6.04 16.39 15.74 9.28 9.69 9.19 9.71 8 276,037,440 169,149,976 176,491,202 -7,341,226 -4.2 58,264,273 39,770,530 18,493,743 46.5 14.45 14.83 13.18 19.25 21.05 12.18 9.69 9 649,840,000 59,533,420 46,397,284 13,136,136 28.3 16,916,002 8,402,676 7,612,426 89.4 28.89 2.88 1.77 6.77 5.53 3.33 2.03 10 203,580,800 61,328,789 47,399,676 3,929,213 8.3 22,038,008 18,753,105 3,284,903 17.5 10.70 2.98 2.47 5.84 5.65 4.61 4.62 11 19,132,800 6,296,859 6,299,946 -3,087 -(') 2,360,657 2,386,889 -26,232 -1.1 1.01 0.94 1.03 0.72 0.76 0.49 0.58 12 6,779,840 3,249,468 3,609,864 -360,406 -10.0 929,185 1,076,879 -147,694 -13.7 0.30 0.43 0.51 0.37 0.43 0.19 0.26 13 5,839,360 4,663,577 4,724,440 -60,863 -1.3 1,633,965 . 2,128,624 -492,669 -23.2 0.31 0.51 0.68 0.53 0.66 0.34 0.61 14 5,144,960 2,875,941 3,147,084 -271,123 -8.6 1,164,501 1,292,132 -127,631 -9.9 0.27 0.58 0.66 0.33 0.38 0.24 0.31 16 682,880 443,308 455,602 -12,294 -2.7 178,344 187,364 -9,010 -4.8 0.04 0.08 0.10 0.05 0.06 0.04 O.OS 16 3,084,800 2,185,788 2,312,083 -126,296 -5.5 988,262 1,064,625 -76,273 -7.2 0.18 0.42 0.47 0.25 0.28 0.21 0.26 17 30,498,560 22,030,367 22,648,109 -617,742 -2.7 14,844,039 16,699,986 -765,947 -4.8 1.60 3.39 3.96 2.51 2.70 3.10 3.76 18 4,808,960 2,673,857 2,840,966 -267,109 -9.4 1,803,336 1,977,042 -173,706 -8.8 0.25 0.53 0.60' 0.29 0.34 0.38 0.48 19 28,692,480 18,586,832 19,371,015 -784,183 -4.0 12,673,519 13,209,183 -636,664 -4.1 1.51 3.45 3.91 2.11 2.31 2.65 3.19 20 26,073,600 24,106,708 24,501,985 -396,277 -1.6 19,227,969 19,244,472 -16,503 -0.1 1.37 4.28 4.82 2.74 2.92 4.02 4.64 21 23,068,800 21,299,823 21,619,623 -319,800 . -1.5 16,931,262 16,680,358 250,894 1.5 1.21 3.39 3.87 2.42 2.58 3.54 4.02 22 35,867,520 32,622,937 32,794,728 -271,791 -0.8 28,048,323 27,699,219 349,104 1.3 1.88 3.96 4.80 3.70 3.91 6.86 6.68 23 36,787,200 18,940,614 17,561,698 1,378,916 7.9 12,832,078 11,799,250 1,032,828 8.8 1.93 3.26 3.64 2.16 2.09 2.68 2.85 24 36,363,840 21,060,066 19,862,727 1,197,339 6.0 11,907,606 11,246,972 660,634 5.9 1.86 2.78 2.96 2.40 2.37 2.49 2.71 25 51,749,120 27,675,823 26,248,498 1,427,325 5.4 19,643,533 18,442,586 1,200,948 6.6 2.72 2.45 2.70 3.15 3.18 4.11 4.45 26 36,675,040 33,930,688 34,574,337 -643,649 -1.9 29,491,199 29,897,552 -406,353 -1.4 1.87 3.41 3.98 3.86 4.12 6.16 7.21 27 43,986,280 34,691,248 33,997,873 593,375 1.7 24,581,186 22,900,043 1,681,143 7.3 2.31 4.38 4.97 3.94 4.06 5.14 5.62 28 44,917,120 28,426,650 15,642,640 12,884,010 82.9 20,455,092 9,644,620 10,810,672 112.1 2.38 1.17 0.79 3.23 1.86 4.28 2.33 29 49,195,520 26,016,892 19,070,616 6,946,276 36.4 16,827,208 11,285,983 4,641,225 40.2 2.68 1.22 0.92 2.96 2.27 3.31 2.72 30 49,167,120 38,622,021 29,911,779 8,710,242 29.1 24,382,577 18,432,595 5,949,982 32.3 2.68 2.04 2.12 4.39 3.57 5.10 4.45 31 62,335,360 43,384,799 41,662,970 1,721,829 4.1 29,904,067 25,040,550 4,883,517 19.4 2.75 2.80 3.02 4.94 4.97 6.25 6.04 32 1,257,600 1,038,866 1,066,228 -27,362 -2.6 713,538 754,010 -40,472 -5.4 0.07 0.17 0.17 0.12 0.13 0.15 0.18 33 6,362,240 6,057,140 5,170,075 -112,935 -2.2 3,354,767 3,516,352 -161,585 -4.6 0.33 0.77 0.80 0.68 0.62 0.70 0.85 34 38,400 25,767,680 6,063 19,496,636 8,489 19,907,883 —2,426 —28.6 5,133 6,934 —801 -13.5 (•) 35 -412,247 -2.1 9,870,058 10,094,805 -224,747 -2.2 1.35 2.89 2.93 2.22 2.37 2.06 2.44 36 15,374,080 10,026,442 10,654,513 -628,071 -5.9 5,521,757 6,498,981 22,778 0.4 0.81 1.52 1.62 1.14 1.27 1.16 1.33 37 31,193,600 22,439,129 22,749,366 -310,227 -1.4 8,813,056 8,327,106 485,950 5.8 1.64 3.99 3.92 2.66 2.71 1.84 2.01 38 19,516,800 13,612,028 13,985,014 -472,986 -3.4 6,097,999 5,775,741 322,258 5.6 1.03 2.77 2.71 1.64 1.67 1.27 1.39 39 37,584,000 26,963,413 26,392,067 561,366 2.1 12,298,017 10,615,644 1,682,373 15.8 1.97 4.57 3.92 3.07 3.16 2.57 2.56 40 35,111,040 6,253,538 4,363,891 889,647 20.4 1,805,408 1,511,653 293,765 19.4 1.84 0.79 0.71 0.80 0.52 0.38 0.36 41 25,716,840 22,189,127 21,979,422 209,706 1.0 14,354,471 13,741,968 612,603 4.5 1.35 4.07 4.09 2.52 2.62 3.00 3.32 42 26,679,680 20,041,657 20,342,058 -300,401 -1.6 10,890,484 10,245,950 844,634 6.3 1.40 3.87 3.92 2.28 2.43 2.28 2.47 43 32,818,660 20,732,312 20,685,427 46,885 0.2 9,693,581 8,654,991 1,038,590 12.0 1.72 4.13 3.89 2.36 2.47 2.03 2.09 44 29,671,680 18,657,533 18,240,736 316,797 1.7 9,008,310 7,594,428 1,413,882 18.6 1.56 4.31 3.85 2.11 2.18 1.88 1.83 45 33,616,000 17,416,075 16; 636, 719 779,358 4.7 8,076,254 6,953,735 1,122,619 16.1 1.77 3.37 3.11 1.98 1.98 1.69 1.68 46 29,061,760 10,439,481 11,059,127 -619,646 -6.6 5,276,016 4,666,532 809,484 13.1 1.53 1.89 2.02 1.19 1.32 1.10 1.13 47 44,424,960 28,859,353 3 22,988,339 - 6,871,014 25.5 17,651,337 3 8,574,187 8,977,150 104.7 2.33 2.99 3 1.88 3.28 3 2.74 3.67 3 2.07 48 167,934,720 112,436,067 125,807,017 -13,371,950 -10.6 27,360,666 19,576,076 7,784,590 39.8 8.82 6.57 8.14 12.79 16.00 5.72 4.72 49 93,568,640 13,545,603 11,844,454 1,701,149 14.4 3,640,309 1,736,701 1,903,608 109.6 4.92 0.41 0.23 1.54 1.41 0.76 0.42 50 53,346,660 5,283,604 3,204,903 2,078,701 64.9 2,778,740 1,413,118 1,366,622 96.6 2.80 0.48 0.30 0.60 0.38 0.58 0.34 51 62,460,160 8,543,010 8,124,536 418,474 5.2 1,256,160 792,332 483,828 58.5 3.28 0.17 0.11 0.97 0.97 0.26 0.19 52 66,341,120 13,532,113 9,474,588 4,057,525 42.8 4,302,101 2,273,968 2,028,133 89.2 3.49 0.73 0.43 1.54 1.13 0.90 0.55 63 78,401,920 11,270,021 6,130,878 6,139,143 119.7 1,467,191 326,873 1,140,318 348.9 4.12 0.56 0.21 1.28 0.61 0.31 0.08 64 72,838,400 1,240,613 1,935,327 -688,714 -36.6 350,173 254,521 95,652 37.6 3.83 0.15 0.10 0.14 0.23 0.07 0.06 55 62,597,760 3,397,699 4,116,951 -719,252 -17.6 1,368,211 1,032,117 336,094 32.6 2.76 0.34 0.34 0.39 0.49 0.29 0.26 56 70,285,440 2,714,757 2,665,647 149,110 5.8 752,117 572,946 179,171 31.3 3.69 0.04 0.04 0.31 0.31 0.16 0.14 67 42,776,040 11,712,235 8,499,297 3,212,938 37.8 6,373,311 3,465,960 2,907,351 83.9 2.25 0.88 0.58 1.33 1.01 1.33 0.84 58 61,188,480 11,685,110 10,071,328 1,613,782 16,0 4,274,803 3,328,308 946,495 28.4 3.21 0.72 0.62 1.33 1.20 0.89 0.80 59 99,617,280 27,931,444 28,828,961 -897,507 -3.1 11,389,894 11,958,837 -668,943 -4.8 5.23 1.39 1.26 3.18 3.44 2.38 2.88 3 Includes Indian Territory. 270 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. In acreage of improved land in farms all of the divisions except the New England and Middle Atlantic show increases between 1900 and 1910. The West North Central division reported a much greater abso- lute increase than any other division, nearly 29,000,000 acres of improved land, or not far from half of the total increase for the United States, having been added during the decade. The percentage of increase was, however, less than in the West South Central and MountaiQ divisions. In the West South Central about 18,500,000 acres were added during the decade. an increase of 46.5 per cent; and in the Mountain division over 7,500,000 acres, or 89.4 per cent. The three northernmost states in the South Atlantic division, namely, Delaware, Maryland, and Virginia, show decreases, which are, however, more than offset by the increases in the other five states of the division. The following statement shows the changes in the number of farms, land in farms, and improved farm land during the past decade in the North, the South, and the West, and in the territory east and west of the Mississippi River, respectively: Table 4 POPULATION. NUMBEB OF ALL FARMS. SECTION. 1910 - 1900 Increase.i 1910 1900 Increase." Amount. Per cent. Amount. Percent. TTnlted States 91,972,266 65,767,115 29,389,330 6,825,821 75,994,676 47,379,699 24,523,527 4,091,349 15,977,691 8,377,416 4,866,803 2,734,472 21.0 17.7 19.8 66.8 6,361,602 2,890,618 3,097,647 373,337 6,737,372 2,874,073 2,620,391 242,908 621,130 16,545 477,156 130,429 10. S The North . .. 0.6 The South 18.2 The West 53.7 64,723,990 27,248,276 56,023,613 20,971,062 9,700,477 6,277,214 17.6 29.9 3,935,031 2,426,471 3,678,867 2,058,505 256,164 367,966 7.0 West of the Mississippi 17.9 ALL LAND IN FAEMS (ACEES). IMPEOVED LAND IN FAEMS (ACEES). United States 878,798,325 413,483,256 354,462,860 110,862,209 838,691,774 382,768,563 362,036,351 93,796,860 40,206,661 30,724,693 -7,683,491 17,065,349 4.8 8.0 -2.1 18.2 478,461,750 289,807,888 150,690,862 37,953,010 414,498,487 261,234,713 126,108,093 27,155,681 63,953,263 28, 573; 175 24,682,769 10,797,329 16.4 TheNorth.. 10.9 The South.". 19.5 The West 39.8 366,138,019 512,660,306 367,294,999 471,296,776 -1,166,980 41,363,631 -0.3 8.8 217,949,605 260,602,145 211,928,448 202,570,039 6,021,157 57,932,106 2.8 West of the Mississippi 28.6 1 A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease. The increase of over 30,000,000 acres of land in farms in the North was almost wholly confined to the West North Central division. In the South there was an apparent decrease, owing entirely to the conditions in Louisiana and Texas, already described. The West shows a smaller absolute increase, but a greater per- centage of increase, than the North. In acreage of improved farm land the North shows the greatest absolute increase during the decade, but in the South the absolute increase was nearly as great and the percentage of increase nearly twice as great, while in the West the absolute increase was about one-third as great, but the percentage of increase almost four times as high as in the North. Percentage of land in farms and percentage im- proved. — Wide differences exist among the several states and divisions in the proportion of their total area which has been brought into farms, and also in the proportion of the farm land which has been im- proved. Table 5 shows these differences by means of percentages calculated from the figures in Table 3. The definition of improved land given in the note on page 265 should be borne in mind, since it is probable that the differences in the proportion of land improved and the changes in this proportion from census to cen- sus are due partly to differences in interpretation as to what constitutes improved land in different sections of the country and at different censuses. The map on page 272 shows, by counties, the propor- tion which land in farms represents of the total land area, and the map on page 273 shows the proportion which improved land represents of the total land area. The East North Central division leads aU other geo- graphic divisions in the extent to which its land area has been brought into farms, exactly three-fourths of its total land area consisting of farm land. The proportions in the West North Central and East South Central divisions in each case exceed- 70 per cent. The Middle Atlantic, West South Central, and South Atlantic divisions have each over 60 per cent of their total land area in farms, but in the New England divi- sion, the proportion falls slightly below 50 per cent; in the Pacific division it is only 25.2 per cent; and in the Mountain division only 10.8 per cent. The divisions rank somewhat differently with re- spect to the proportion of their area which is repre- sented by improved farm land, these differences in ranking being due of course to the differences among the divisions in the percentage which improved land represents of the total farm land. The East North Central division again ranks first, 56.6 per cent of its total land area consisting of improved farm land, and the West North Central division ranks second, with 50.3 per cent. The Middle Atlantic division, however, ranks third, followed by the East South Central and South Atlantic. In each of the five divisions just named the improved farm land constituted more than one-fourth of the total land area, but in the West South Central, New England, Pacific, and FARMS AND FARM PROPERTY. 271 Mountain divisions the proportion is below one-fourth, and, in fact, in the Mountain division it is only 2.9 per cent. With respect to the proportion which improved land represents of aU land in farms, the New England and Middle Atlantic divisions reported a decline between 1900 and 1910, as shown m the table below, but in each of the other seven divisions the propor- tion was larger in the later year, the change being most conspicuous in the West South Central and Moun- tain divisions. Table 5 DIViaiON OB STATE. PEE CENT LAND IN FAEM3 FORMS OF TOTAL LAND AREA. PER CENT OF FARM LAND IMPROVED. PEE CENT OF TOTAL LAN1> AREA IMFROVED. 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 United States 46.2 41.1 61.4 19.1 25. 1 Geographic divtsions: 49.7 67.5 76.0 71.2 60.3 71.0 61.5 10.8 25.2 61.8 70.1 74.1 61.5 60.6 70.7 64.2 8.4 23.3 36.8 67.9 75.4 70.6 46.7 53.9 34.4 26.7 42.9 39.6 68.6 71.5 67.5 11.2 19.5 22.5 18.1 39.6 18.3 45.8 66.6 60.3 28.1 38.2 21.2 2.9 10.8 20.6 Middle Atlantic East North Central 55 2 West Nortli Central South Atlantic 26 8 East South Central 35 Pacific 9 2 New ENai.AND: 32.9 56.2 79.9 55.9 64.9 70.9 72.2 53.5 64.8 92.5 92.3 90.7 51.5 69.6 63.6 95.4 78.6 63.3 52.9 78.6 82.9 82.6 79.5 16.8 75.7 65.2 71.9 69.2 71.7 15.0 86.3 75.1 63.2 62.5 51.8 35.9 65.0 67.0 14.5 9.9 13.7 20.4 14.4 1.7 6.5 3.9 27.4 19.1 28.0 32.9 62.5 80.9 61.2 66.7 74.9 74.3 69.1 67.5 94.0 94.1 91.5 47.7 66.2 60.7 97.2 77.3 34.6 38.8 60.8 79.6 84.8 81.3 22.1 77.3 69.3 72.9 71.7 70.2 12.4 85.5 76.2 63.0 61.5 49.5 38.1 51.7 74.9 12.7 6.0 13.0 14.3 6.5 2.7 7.8 3.7 19.9 16.5 28.9 37.5 28.6 35.0 40.5 40.2 45.2 67.4 70.1 68.2 79.8 79.5 86.2 67.8 56.5 71.0 86.9 71.1 72.0 60.8 63.1 68.9 68.7 66.3 84.7 50.6 55.1 39.3 45.1 45.6 34.4 64.7 54.3 46.8 48.5 ■ 46.4 60.5 60.8 24.3 26.9 62.6 14.7 31.8 13.0 28.1 40.3 27.7 64.4 36.6 40.8 37.9 29.8 15.0 11.1 11.1 16.0 68.9 69.6 68.2 78.5 77.2 81.5 67.2 56.6 70.3 86.5 67.1 62.1 59.2 61.6 60.1 70.7 68.0 69.9 60.7 51.6 36.6 41.3 40.2 34.6 62.5 50.4 41.8 41.6 41.8 42.2 37.3 15.6 14.7 44.1 9.8 24.0 6.1 13.2 26.1 22.3 40.8 33.0 41.5 12.3 16.1 28.0 22.6 26.1 32.0 48.7 37.6 41.2 73.7 73.1 78.2 31.9 33.7 38.0 82,9 66.9 16.5 32.2 49.6 57.1 ■ 56.7 52.7 13.4 38.3 35.9 28.3 31.2 32.7 5.4 55.8 40.8 29.5 30.4 24.0 18.2 39.5 16.3 3.9 5.2 2.0 6.5 1.8 0.6 2.6 1.1 14.9 7.0 11.4 12 5 36.4 26.1 27 4 34.5 Middle Atlantic: New York 51.1 11.1 16.0 East North Central: Ohio 73.8 72.6 77.3 Michiean 32.1 31.8 WestNorth Central: 35.6 84.0 52.1 North Dakota 21.5 22.9 37.5 47.8 South Atlantic: 60.0 55.3 District of Columbia 15.6 39.2 35.8 26.7 29.6 28.2 4.3 East South Central: 63.4 38.4 26.4 25.6 West South Central: 20.7 18.1 19.3 11.7 Mountain: 1.9 Idaho 2.6 1.3 3.4 0.4 0.3 2.0 0.8 Pacific: 8.1 !,.4 12.0 In the North, as shown in Table 6, improved farm land represents 49.3 per cent of the total land area; in the South, 26.8 per cent; and in the West, 5 per cent. East, of the Mississippi the proportion is 39.8 per cent; west of the river, 19.2. Table 6 SECTION. PER CENT LAND IN FARMS FORMS OF TOTAL LAND AREA. PERCENT OF FARM LAND IMPROVED. PER CENT OF TOTAL LAND AREA IMPROVED. 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 United States The North . 16.2 70.4 63.1 14.7 11,1 65.1 64.4 12.4 64.1 70,1 42,5 34,2 49.1 . 68.3 31.8 29.0 25.1 49,3 26,8 5,0 21.8 44.5 The South 22.4 TheWest 3.6 East of the Mississippi West of the Mississippi... 66,8 37,8 67,1 34,8 69,5 60,8 57.7 43.0 39,8 19,2 38.7 14.9 Average size of farms. — Table 13, on page 280, shows the average acreage and improved acreage per farm. The farms are smaUer in the older sections of the country than in the newer. They are, also, in general, smaller in the Southern states than in the Northern. This latter condition, however, is due largely to the fact that the land operated by each tenant is, in the census statistics, treated as a separate farm. In cer- tain Southern states there are stiU many so-called plantations consisting of several or even many tenant holdings. In many cases these plantations as a whole are as truly agricultural units as large farms in the North operated by hired labor. More specifically, the average size of farms is small- est in the East South Central division — 78.2 acres. It is 92.2 acres in the Middle Atlantic division, 93.3 in the South Atlantic, 104.4 in the New England, and 105 in the East North Central. These five divisions do not differ so widely from one another as they all do from the four divisions lying west of the Mississippi River, in which the farms average much larger, ranging from 179.3 acres in the West South Central to 324.5 acres in the Mountain division. From the standpoint of cultivation of the soil, as distinguished from grazing, the average number of improved acres per farm furnishes a better basis for comparison of size than the average number of acres of all land, and in this respect the divisions rank quite differently. While the average size of farms ia the country as a whole has decreased about 6 per cent since 1900, it has increased in the East and West North Central divi- sions, and in the New England and Middle Atlantic divisions the decrease is smaU. But in the three southern divisions and in the Mountaia and Pacific divisions the decrease in the size of farms has been conspicuous. The following table shows the average size of farms in the North', the South, and the West, and in the territory east and west of the Mississippi, respectively: Table 7 section. AVERAGE ACRES OP LAND PER FARM. AVERAGE IMPROVED ACRES PER FARM. 1910 1900 1910 1900 138.1 143.0 114.4 296.9 146.2 133.2 138.2 386.1 76.2 100.3 48.6 101.7 72.8 The North The South 4S 1 The West 93.0 211.3 99.8 229.0 55.4 10,. 4 67.6 98.4 K o Oi i-i Eh n o pq » P4 as •A i 1 a 1 1 o . % 2 i 1 1 1 1 a 1 1 a S 1 f I 1 1 1 £ o T3-W if United States 75.0 85.3 89.5 82.7 74.8 67.4 68.3 73.4 78.6 69.8 10.5 14.5 10.1 16.7 24.3 0.6 0.5 4.4 17.1 27.7 14.6 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.9 32.0 31.2 22.2 4.4 2.5 80.1 86.6 89.1 79.9 70.4 81.8 87.7 81.0 78.0 69.9 13.8 14.2 10.5 19.7 28.6 1.0 0.8 6.9 17.2 28.7 6.1 0.2 0.4 0.5 1.0 17.2 11.5 13.1 4.8 1.4 66.2 82.6 91.1 90.3 84.4 50.2 49.5 66.6 81.7 67.9 5.0 17.1 8.4 9.1 14.9 0.2 0.2 3.1 16.7 24.1 28.8 0.3 0.6 0.6 0.7 49.6 50.4 30.4 1.7 8.0 Middle Atlantic East North Central West North Central South Atlantic East South Central West South Central Pacific Of the 6,361,502 farms in the United States as a whole in 1910, 4,771,063, or 75 per cent, were operated by native white farmers; 669,556, or 10.5 per cent, by foreign-bom whites; and 920,883, or 14.5 per cent, by negroes and other nonwhites. These percentages may be compared with those showing the distribution of the total male population of voting age. Of the males 21 years of age and over in the United States in 1910, 65.6 per cent were native whites, 24.6 per cent foreign- bom whites, and 9.8 per cent colored. The colored farmers are for the most part in the Southern states. In the South Atlantic and East South Central divisions nearly one-third of the farm operators are colored, and in the West South Central between one-fourth and one-fifth; while in each of the four divisions constituting the North the proportion is below 1 per cent, and in the Mountain and Pacific divisions (where this class of farmers is made up chiefly of Indians, Chinese, and Japanese) the proportiona are only 4.4 per cent and 2.5 per cent, respectively. Nearly all of the foreign-bom white farmers are in the North and West. NUMBER OF FARMS, CLASSIFIED BY COLOR AND NATIVITY OF OPERATOR: 1910. V///A NATIVE WHITE T^^ FDREION BORN WHITE I UIOIIQ AND OTKEI NDNWMITI Table 13 shows the proportion of the native white, foreign-bom white, and colored farm operators, respec- tively, who were in each of the three general tenure groups in 1910. Table 13 trni ted States.. New England Middle Atlantic East North Central. West North Central South Atlantic East South Central. West South Central, Mountain Pacific PER CENT OF NATIVE WHITE FARM OPERATORS. 66.3 89.6 75.4 69.5 64.3 64.8 62.9 61.6 87.1 80.1 32.7 7.7 22.7 29.5 34.8 34.2 36.7 47.8 11.2 16.8 1.0 2.7 1.9 1.0 0.9 1.0 0.4 0.6 1.7 3.1 PER CENT OF FOREipN-BORN WHITE FARM OPERATORS. 81.4 87.2 79.0 84.6 80.7 84.9 81.1 62.7 88.3 83.1 17.6 9.3 18.6 14.7 18.9 11.7 17.8 36.8 10.4 15.0 1.0 3.5 2.4 0.7 0.4 3,4 1.2 0.5 1.3 1.9 PER CENT OF NEGRO AND OTHER NON- WHITE FARM OPERATORS. 26.2 79.2 72.1 68.4 74.7 28.7 18.1 27.6 96'.6 43.8 73.6 15.2 24.2 30.3 24.5 71.1 81.9 72.3 4.1 54.5 0.2 6.6 3.7 1.3 0.8 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.3 1.7 COLOR AND NATIVITY OF FARMERS. 297 FARM OPERATORS CLASSIFIED BY COLOR AND NATIVITY AND BY TENURE, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES: 1910. Table 14 DIVISION OB !686 1,058 1,583 Poland. 7,228 372 411 3,466 2,179 69 27 562 47 95 Scandinavian countries. 165 2, 2, 32, 95, 10, ■Den- mark. Norway. 59,742 141 109 13,330 41,015 93 64 404 1,683 2,903 Sweden. 67, 453 1,747 2,246 13, 491 39, 614 190 246 1,381 3,627 4,912 Switzer- land. 14,333 207 895 4,062 3,863 247 391 712 1,023 2,933 other Euro- pean coun- tries. 17,689 948 379 4,527 5,331 76 84 842 593 4,910 Canada. 61, 878 10,611 3,807 24,262 13,356 443 148 847 3,038 5,366 All other coun- tries. 1 10,333 169 99 291 649 94 42 6,988 791 1,310 Coun- try ol birth not re- ported. 7,807 813 1,612 2,095 1,175 467 327 663 292 373 1 Includes those bom at sea. COLOR AND NATIVITY OF FARMERS. 299 The foreign countries which have contributed the largest number of farm operators to the United States are Germany, Sweden, Canada, Norway, England, Ireland, Austria, Denmark, and Russia, in the order named. It should be noted that this order by no means corresponds to the order in which the various foreign countries have contributed to the total popula-. tion of the United States. The immigrants from certain countries, notably Ireland, Italy, and Russia, have nearly all gone into pursuits other than agricultural. Color and tenure of farmers in the South: 1910 and 1900. — On account of the large number of colored farmers in the South, more detailed statistics regarding the two principal race groups are presented for that section than for the North and West. Table 17 shows, for the South as a whole and for each of the geographic divisions composing it, the number, total and improved acreage, and value of land and buildings in 1910 and 1900, for farms of white and colored farmers, respectively, with a further classification according to tenure. It also shows, by percentages, the distribution of the respective totals between the two color groups and among the six subgroups formed by combination of the tenure classification with that according to color. In the South as a whole in 1910 white farmers con- stituted 71.3 per cent of the total number of farmers and colored farmers 28.7 per cent. Of the total farm acreage, however, 88 per cent was in farms operated by white and 12 per cent in farms operated by colored farmers; and of the improved land in farms, 81.6 per cent was in farms operated by white farmers and 18.4 per cent in farms operated by colored farmers. Whites constituted a smaller proportion of the total number of farmers and the farms operated by them contained a smaller proportion of the total land in farms in 1910 than in 1900, but there was no change in the proportion of improved land in farms operated by the two race groups. Table 17 NUMBER OF FARMS. ALL LAND IN FARMS (ACRES). IMPROVED LAND IN FARMS (ACRES). VALUE OF LAND AND BUILDINGS. PER CENT OF TOTAL. DIVISION AND CLASS OF OPERATOR. Number of farms. All land in farms. Improved land In farms. Value of land and buildings. 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 THE SOUTH.... 3,097,547 2,620,391 354,452,860 362,036,351 150, 690, 852 126,108,093 $7,353,431,195 $3,279,021,509 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 White farmers: Total 2,207,406 1,326,044 15,084 866,278 890, 141 218,467 1,200 670,474 1,879,721 1,183,806 17, 172 678.743 740.670 186,676 1,593 552,401 311,843,743 214,923,693 24,316,249 72,603,801 42,609,117 15,691,536 349,779 26,567,802 323,424,305 209,756,484 50,877,426 62,790,395 38,612,046 13,358,684 428,518 24,824,844 122,955,109 79,682,541 3,126,093 40,246,475 27,735,743 7,631,119 108,249 20,096,375 102,893,486 69,940,143 3,051,584 29,901,759 23,214,607 6,026,805 127, 742 17,060,060 6,453,298,861 4,223,935,087 367,948,147 1,861,415,627 900,132,334 272,992,238 10,371,949 616,768,147 2,898,740,541 1,947,821,958 220,573,860 730, 344, 723 380,280,968 106,019,328 5,544,310 268,117,330 71.3 42.8 0.5 28.0 28.7 7.1 « 21.6 71.7 45.2 0.7 25.9 28.3 7.1 0.1 21.1 88.0 60.6 89.3 57 9 81.6 52.8 2.1 26.7 18.4 5.0 0.1 13.3 81.6 55.5 2.4 23.7 18.4 4.8 0.1 13.5 87.8 57.4 5.0 25.3 12.2 3.7 0.1 8.4 88.4 Owners 59.4 Managers 6.9 14.1 20.5 17.3 1 12.0 10.7 4. 4 3. 7 6.7 Tenants 22.3 Colored farmers: Total 11.6 x.:i Managers 0.1 7.5 0.1 6.9 0.2 8.2 South Attantio White farmers: Total 1,111,881 756,019 491,193 7,578 257,248 355,862 101,961 720 253, 181 1,042,480 717,262 451,715 3,041 262,506 325,218 58,737 249 266,232 943,186 734, 125 383, 136 4,465 346,624 209,061 57,769 231 151,061 962,225 673,354 442,396 8,145 222,813 288,871 85, 116 970 202,785 903,313 635,418 413,775 4,372 217,271 267,896 49,911 324 217,660 764, 853 570,949 327,635 4,655 238,659 183,904 51,649 299 131,956 103,782,255 86,106,873 63,483,405 3,219,019 19,404,449 17,675,382 5,646,378 145,371 11,883,633 81,529,629 67,924,912 62,592,020 1,527,107 13,805,785 13,595,717 4,539,952 76,360 8,979,405 169,149,976 157,811,958 98,848,268 19,570,123 39,393,567 11,338,018 5,505,206 128,048 5,704,764 104,297,506 88,660,241 64. 498, 437 3,260,530 20,901,274 15,637,265 4,427,439 201,074 11,008,752 81,247,643 68,626,325 53,543,623 1,563,062 13,519,640 12,621,318 3,837,853 60,388 8,723,077 176,491,202 166,137,739 91,714,424 46,053,834 28,369,481 10,353,463 6,093,392 167,056 5,093,015 48,479,733 37,489,664 26,148,320 1,167,797 10,173,647 10,990,069 2,695,947 61,287 8,232,835 43,946,846 34,390,317 25,170,277 552,554 8,667,486 9,556,529 2,213,646 26,237 7,316,647 58,264,273 51,075,128 28,263,944 1, 405, 742 21, 405, 442 7, 189, 145 2,621,527 20,725 4,546,893 46,100,226 37,204,364 25,700,843 1,220,873 10,282,648 8,895,862 2,099,232 66,764 6,729,866 40,237,337 32,045,709 23,660,079 614,397 7,771,233 8,191,628 1,714,020 25,866 6,451,742 39,770,530 33,643,413 20,579,221 1,216,314 11,847,878 6,127,117 2,213,553 35,112 3,878,452 2,486,436,474 2,118,729,406 1,487,725,662 119,811,609 511,192,135 367,707,068 105,568,619 5,727,681 256,410,768 1,738,397,839 1,458,730,081 1,064,815,312 45,025,391 348,889,378 279,667,758 70,937,214 2,572,270 206,158,274 3,128,596,882 2, 875, 839, 374 1,671,394,113 203, 111, 147 1,001,334,114 252,757,508 96,486,405 2,071,998 154, 199, 105 1,206,349,618 1,072.961,860 741.156,350 60,596,740 271, 208, "70 133,387,758 36,982,908 2,937,580 93,467,270 933,780,823 802,327,213 588,037,473 26,246,880 188,042,800 131,453,610 28,539,910 1,282,910 101,630,790 1,138,891,068 1,023,461,468 618,628,135 133,730,240 271,093,093 115,439,600 41,096,610 1,323,820 73,019,270 100.0 68.0 44.2 0.7 23.1 32.0 9.2 0.1 22.8 100.0 68.8 43.3 0.3 25.2 31.2 5.6 m 25.5 100.0 77.8 40.6 0.5 36.7 22.2 6.1 (') 16.0 100.0 70.0 46.0 0.8 23.2 30.0 8.8 0.1 21.1 100.0 70.3 45.8 0.5 24.1 29.7 6.6 0) 24.1 100.0 75.6 43.4 0.6 31.6 24.4 6.8 100.0 83.0 61.2 3.1 18.7 17.0 5.4 0.1 11.5 100.0 83.3 64.6 1.9 16.9 16.7 6.6 0.1 11.0 100.0 93.3 58.4 11.6 23.3 6.7 3.3 0.1 3.4 100.0 85.0 61.8 3.1 20.0 15.0 4.2 0.2 10.6 100.0 84.5 65.9 1.9 16.6 15.5 4.7 0.1 10.7 100.0 94.1 52.0 26.1 16.1 5.9 2.9 0.1 2.9 100.0 77.3 53.9 2.4 21.0 22.7 5.6 0.1 17.0 100.0 78.3 57.3 1.3 19.7 21.7 5.0 0.1 16.6 100. 87.7 48.5 2.4 36.7 12.3 4.6 « 7.8 100.0 80.7 55.7 2.6 22.3 19.3 4.6 0.1 14.6 100.0 79.6 68.8 1.5 19.3 20.4 4.3 0.1 16.0 100.0 84.6 51.7 3.1 29.8 15.4 5:6 0.1 9.8 100.0 85.2 59.8 4.8 20.6 14.8 4.2 0.2 10.3 100.0 83.9 61.3 2.6 20.1 16.1 4.1 0.1 11.9 100.0 91.9 63.4 8.5 32.0 8.1 3.1 0.1 4.9 100.0 88.9 61.4 6.0 Tenante 22.6 Colored farmers: Total 11.1 Owners 3.1 0.2 v.v East South Central. White farmers: Total 100.0 85.9 Owners 63.0 Managers 2.8 20.1 Colored farmers: Total 14.1 3.1 Managers 0.1 Tenants 10.9 West South Central. White farmers: Total 100.0 89.9 64.3 11.7 Tenants 23.8 Colored farmers: Total 10.1 3.6 0.] Tenante 6.4 1 Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. Table 18, on the following page, shows percentages of increase based on the preceding table. The number of colored farmers in the South increased 20.2 per cent during the decade 1900 to 1910, as compared with an increase of 17.4 per cent in the number of white farmers. The acreage of land in farms operated bj'' white farmers decreased some- what in each geographic division of the South, while the acreage in farms operated by colored farmers' increased in each of the three divisions, the percentages 300 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. ranging from 7.7 to 13. In the South as a whole the value of land and buildings of farms operated by white farmers increased 122.6 per cent during the decade, as compared with an increase of 136.7 per cent for farms operated by colored farmers; in the West South Central division, however, the percentage of increase was higher for farms of white farmers than for those of colored farmers. The number of tenants in the Sodth, both white and colored, increased more rapidly between 1900 and 1910 than the number of farm owners. In the case of farms operated by white farmers, the total acreage, improved acreage, and value of land and buildings also increased more rapidly for tenant farms than for . those operated by owners, while the opposite was true of farms operated by colored farmers. Table 18 PER CENT OF INCREASE:' 1900 TO 1910 DIVISION AND CLASS OF OPEEATOR. Number of farms. All land in farms. Improved land in farms. Value of land and buildings. Total. Own- ers. Man- agers. Ten- ants. Total. Own- ers. Man- agers. Ten- ants. Total. Own- ers. Man- agers. Ten- ants. Total. Own- ers. Man- agers. Ten- ants. The South: White farmers Coloied farmers 17.4 20.2 12.0 17.0 -12.2 -24.7 27.6 21.4 -3.6 10.4 2.6 17.6 -B2.2 -18.4 16.6 7.0 19.6 19.6 13.8 25.0 2.4 -16.3 34.6 17.8 122.6 136.7 116.9 1S6.0 66.8 87.1 164.9 130.O South Atlantic: White farmers 12.3 23.2 12.9 21.4 28.6' 13.7 11.0 19.8 9.2 17.7 16.9 11.8 -7.0 -25.8 -30.4 -23.1 -4.1 -22.7 16.5 24.9 20.8 22.3 45.2 14.5 -2.9 13.0 -1.0 7.7 -5.0 9.5 -1.6 27.6 -1.8 18.3 7.8 8.1 -1.3 -27.7 -2.3 26.4 -57.5 -23.4 -7.2 7.9 2.1 2.9 38.9 12.0 0.8 23.5 7.3 16.7 51.8 17.3 17 28.4 6.4 29.1 37.3 18,4 -4.3 -8.2 -10.1 1.4 16.6 -41.0 -1.1 22.3 11.5 13.4 80.7 17.2 97.5 175.7 81.8 112.8 181.0 119.0 100.7 185.5 81.1 148.6 170.2 134.8 97.7 95.0 7L5 10O.6 51.9 56.5 88.5 Colored farmers ' 174.3 East South Central: 85.5 Colored farmers 102.9 West South Central: White farmers. . 269.4 11L2 1 A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease. In Table 19 the number, total and improved acre- age, and value of land and buildings of farms operated by white farmers are distributed by percentages among the three tenure classes, and a corresponding distribution is made for the farms operated by colored farmers. The percentages therefore have a different significance from those shown in Table 17, and afford a more convenient means of comparing conditions among the white and the colored farmers. In 1910, 60.1 per cent of the white farmers in the South as a whole were owners, as against 24.5 per cent of the colored farmers. The proportion of the total farm acreage which was in farms operated by owners was 68.9 per cent for farms operated by white farmers and 36.8 per cent for those operated by col- ored farmers. The changes between 1900 and 1910 with regard to the number, acreage, and value of farms operated by the two race groups, respectively, in the South Atlantic and East South Central divisions were quite different from those in the West South Central division. In the South as a whole, among both white and colored farm operators, owners reported a larger pro- portion of the total farm acreage in 1910 than in 1900. In the case of white farmers the proportion of land in tenant farms also increased, while there was a marked decrease in the proportion of land in farms operated by white managers (mainly due to a large decrease in the West South Central division) . In the case of colored farmers however, the proportion of land which was in tenant farms was lower in 1910. than in 1900. Vable 19 DIVISION AND CLASS OP OPERATOR. THE SOTTTH White farmers: Total Owners Managers Tenants Colored farmers: Total Owners Managers Tenants SOUTH ATLANTIC. White farmers: Total Owners Managers Tenants Colored farmers: Total Owners Managers Tenants EAST SOUTH CENTRAL. White farmers: Total Owners Managers Tenants Colored farmers: Total Owners Managers Tenants WEST SOUTH CENTRAL. White farmers: Total Owners Managers Tenants Colored farmers: Total Owners Managers Tenants PEE CENT OF TOTAL. Number of farms. 1910 1900 100.0 60.1 0.7 39.2 100.0 24.6 0.1 76.3 100.0 65.0 1.0 34.0 100.0 28.7 0.2 71.1 100.0 63.0 0.4 36.6 100.0 18.1 0.1 81.9 100.0 62.2 0.6 47.2 100.0 27.6 0.1 72.3 100.0 63.0 0.9 36.1 100.0 25.2 0.2 74.6 100.0 65.7 1.2 33.1 100.0 29.5 0.3 70.2 100.0 65.1 0.7 34.2 100.0 18.6 0.1 81.2 100.0 57.4 0.8 41.8 100.0 28.1 0.2 71.8 All land in farms. 1910 1900 100.0 68.9 7.8 100.0 36.8 0.8 62.4 100.0 73.7 3.7 22.5 100.0 31.9 0.8 67.2 100.0 77.4 2.2 20.3 100.0 33.4 0.6 66.0 100.0 62.6 12.4 25.0 100.0 48.6 1.1 50.3 100.0 64.9 16.7 19.4 100.0 34.6 1.1 64.3 100.0 72.7 3.7 100.0 28.3 1.3 70.4 100.0 78.0 2.3 19.7 100.0 30.4 0.5 69.1 100.0 55.2 27.7 17.1 lOO.O 49.2 1.6 49.2 Improved land in farms. 1910 1900 100.0 64.7 2.5 32.7 100.0 27.2 0.4 72.5 100.0 69.7 3.1 27.1 100.0 24.5 0.6 74.9 100.0 73.2 1.6 25.2 100.0 23.2 0.3 76.6 100.0 55.3 2.8 41.9 100.0 36.5 0.3 63.2 100.0 68.0 3.0 29.1 100.0 26.0 0.6 73.6 100.0 69.1 3.3 27.6 100.0 23.6 0.8 75.7 100.0 73.8 1.9 24.3 100.0 20.9 0.3 78.8 100.0 61.2 3.6 35.2 100.0 36.1 0.6 63.3 Value of land and buildings. 1910 1900 100 65.6 5.7 28.8 100.0 30.3 1.2 68.5 100.0 70.2 5.7 24.1 100.0 28.7 1.6 69.7 100.0 73.0 3.1 23.9 100.0 25.4 0.9 73.7 100.0 58.1 7.1 34.8 100.0 38.2 0.8 61.0 100.0 67.2 7.6 26.2 100. 28.0 1.6 70.5 100. 69.1 5.6 25.3 100.0 27.7 2.2 70.1 100.0 73.3 3.3 23.4 100.0 21.7 1.0 77.3 100.0 60.4 13.1 26.5 100.0 35.6 1.1 63.3 COLOR AND NATIVITY OF FARMERS. 301 Table 20 shows the average total and improved acreage per farm, the average value of land and build- ings per farm and per acre, and the percentage of farm land improved, for farms classified according to the color and tenure of the farmer. In the South as a whole the average size of the farms operated by white farmers in 1910 (141.3 acres) was nearly three times as great as that of the farms oper- ated by colored farmers (47.9 acres). The difference was less marked in the South Atlantic and East South Central divisions than in the West South Central. The farms operated by white owners comprised on an average 162.1 acres, and those operated by colored owners 71.8 acres, while the farms of white tenants averaged 83.8 acres in size and those of colored tenants 39.6 acres. Between 1900 and 1910 the average size of farms operated by white owners decreased, while that of farms operated by colored owners increased. On the other hand, colored tenants as well as white tenants had smaller farms in 1910 than in 1900. While the farms of colored farmers are smaller than those of the whites, they consist more largely of improved land. In the South as a whole in 1910 the proportion of improved land for the farms of white farmers was 39.4 per cent, as compared with 65.1 per cent for the farms of colored farmers. The differences in this respect, however, are less conspicuous when farms of similar tenure are compared. In the South as a whole the average value of land and buildings per acre was in 1910 higher for farms of colored farmers than for those of white farmers — $21.13 as compared with $20.69. This is the effect of conditions in the West South Central division, the average value being higher for farms of white farmers in the other two divisions of the South. Between 1900 and 1910 there was a great increase ui the average value per acre in the case of farms of aU three classes of tenure operated by farmers of both color groups. In the South Atlantic and East South Central divisions the relative increases were in most cases somewhat more marked for farms operated by colored farmers than for those operated by whites, while in the West South Central division the opposite was the case. In the South as a whole the average value of land and buildings per farm in 1910 for farms operated by white farmers was $2,923, or nearly three times the average value for farms operated by colored farmers, which was $1,011. The percentage of increase be- tween 1900 and 1910, however, was somewhat greater in the average value for farms of colored farmers than in that for farms of white farmers. Table 21, on the next page, shows, for each of the Southern states, the number, total and improved acre- age, and value of land and buildings of farms operated by white and by colored farmers, with a further distinc- tion according to tenure. Table 20 AVERAGE ACBE8 PEE FARM. PER CENT OF FARM LAND IMPROVED. AVERAGE VALUE OF LANB AND BITILDINGS. DIVISION AND CLASS OF OPERATOR. All land in farms. Improved land in farms. Per farm. Per acre. 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 THE SOUTH White farmers: Total 141.3 162.1 1,612.1 83.8 47.9 71.8 291.5 39.6 172.1 177.2 2,963.8 92.5 62.1 71.6 269.0 44.9 55.7 60.0 307.2 46.6 31.2 34.5 90.3 30.0 54.7 69.1 177.7 44.1 31.3 32.3 80.2 30.9 39.1 37.0 12.9 55.4 65.1 48.0 30.9 75.6 31.8 33.3 6.0 47.6 60.1 45.1 29.8 68.7 $2,933 3,185 24,393 2,149 1,011 1.260 8,643 920 ;i,S42 1,645 12,846 1,076 513 671 3,480 485 $20.69 19.65 15.13 25.64 21.13 17.40 29.65 23.21 $8.96 9.29 4.34 11.63 Colored farmers: Total 9.85 7.98 13.94 10.80 SOUTH ATLANTIC. Wliite fanners: Total 113.9 129.2 424.8 76.4 49.7 55.4 201.9 46.9 94.7 116.4 502.2 52.6 41.8 77.3 306.7 33.7 215.0 258.0 .4,383.0 113.7 54.2 95.3 554.3 37.8 131.7 145.8 400.3 93.8 54.1 62.0 207.3 54.3 108.0 129.4 357.5 62.2 47.1 76.9 188.4 40.1 291.0 279.9 9,893.4 118.9 56.3 98.6 658.7 38.6 49.6 53.2 154.1 39.5 30.9 26.4 85.1 33.5 47.9 65.7 181.7 33.0 29.4 37.7 105.4 27.5 69.6 73.8 314.8 61.8 34.4 45.4 89.7 30.1 65.3 58.1 149.9 46.1 30.8 24.7 68.8 33.2 50.4 67.2 140.6 35.8 30.6 34.3 79.8 29.6 68.9 62.8 261.3 49.6 33.3 42.9 117.4 29.4 43.5 41.2 36.3 62.4 62.2 47.7 42.2 69.3 60.6 47.9 36.2 62.8 70.3 48.8 34.4 81.5 32.4 28.6 7.2 54.3 63.4 47.6 16.2 79.7 42.0 39.8 37.4 49.2 66.9 47.4 33.2 61.1 46.7 44.2 39.3 57.5 64.9 44.7 42.8 74.0 20.3 22.4 2.6 41.8 59.2 43.6 21.0 76.2 2,802 3,029 16,810 1,987 1,033 1,035 7,955 1,013 2,034 2,357 14,806 1,329 860 1,20S 10,330 774 3,917 4,362 45,490 2,890 1,209 1,670 8,970 • 1,021 1,593 1,676 7,440 1,217 462 435 3,028 461 1,263 1,421 6,003 866 491 572 3,960 467 1,793 1,888 28,728 1,136 628 796 4,427 563 24.61 23.43 37.22 26.34 20.80 18.70 39.40 21.68 21.48 20.26 29.48 25.27 20.57 16.63 33.69 22.96 18.22 16.91 10.38 25.42 22.29 17.53 16.18 27.03 12.10 11.49 18.68 Tenants 12.98 Colored farmers: 8.63 8.35 14.61 Tenants 8.49 EAST SOUTH CENTRAL. White farmers: Total 11.69 10.98 16.79 13.91 Colored fanners: Total 10.42 7.44 21.24 11.65 WEST SOUTH CENTRAL. White farmers; Total 6.16 8.75 2.90 9.56 Colored farmers: Total 11.16 8.07 7 92 14.34 302 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. NUMBER, TOTAL AND IMPROVED ACREAGE, AND VALUE OF LAND AND BUILDINGS OF FARMS, CLASSIFIED BY COLOR AND TENURE OF OPERATOR, FOR THE SOUTH, BY STATES: 1910 AND 1900. Table Zl STATE AKD CLASS OF OPERATOR. South Atlantic DELAWARE. White farmers: Total Owners Managers Tenants Colored farmers: Total Owners Managers Tenants MARYLAND. White farmers: Total Owners Managers Tenants Colored farmers: Total Owners Managers Tenants DLSTEICT OF COLUMBU White fanners: Total Owners Mauaj^ers Tenants Colored farmers: Total ■ Owners Managers Tenants VIEGDnA. White farmers: Total Owners Managers Tenants Colored farmers: Total Owners Managers Tenants WEST TEEGtNli. White farmers: Total Owners Managers Tenants Colored farmers: Total Owners Managers Tenants NORTH CAROLINA. White fermers: Total Owners Managers Tenants Colored farmers: Total Owners Managers Tenants SOUTH CAROLINA. White farmers: Total Owners Managers Tenants Colored farmers: Total Owners Managers Tenants GEORGIA. White farmers: Total Owners Managers Tenants Colored fanners: Total Owners Managers Tenants FLORIDA. White farmers: Total Owners Managers Tenants mjMBEE OF FARMS. 1910 !900 9,914 5,772 107 4,035 922 406 16 600 42,651 29,669 901 12,081 6,372 3,950 87 2,335 206 110 14 81 135,904 101,436 1,446 33,023 48, 114 32,228 180 16, 706 96,977 75,420 865 19,692 708 558 7 143 188,069 123,877 1,044 63, 148 65,666 21,443 74 44,139 79,636 43,978 732 34, 926 96, 798 20, 372 131 76,295 82,930 1,296 84,242 122, 559 15,1 123 106,738 35,295 28, 101 1,174 6,020 4,348 116 4,405 818 332 15 471 40,169 26,261 947 12,971 6,843 3,262 105 2,476 262 128 18 106 17 5 2 10 123,052 87,689 l,-~ 33,666 44,834 26,566 238 18,030 92, 132 70,995 1,046 20,091 742 634 8 200 169,773 113,052 936 5b, 785 64,864 17,520 121 37,223 69,954 40,447 874 28, 633 86, 401 18, 970 180 66,261 141,866 77. 154 1,394 63,317 82, 826 11,375 208 71,243 27,288 22, 432 917 3, 9:19 ALL LAND IN FARMS (ACRES). 1910 981,893 463,212 18, 769 499,912 66,973 13,615 2,395 40,963 4,698,623 2,783,279 193,930 1,721,414 358,617 122,039 13,361 223,117 5,968 2,371 1,452 2,145 95 58 4 33 17,257,416 13,334,122 630,340 3,292,954 2,238,220 1,381,223 29,985 827,012 9,991,901 8,158,238 283,847 1,549,816 34,541 26,967 665 7,929 19,253,325 14,458,827 563,386 4,231,113 3,185,804 1,197,496 18,992 1,969,316 9,671,552 6,963,469 504, 958 2,113,135 3,940,476 1,098,044 42,454 2,799,978 19,861,362 13,501,789 761,671 5,608,002 7,092,061 1,349,503 27, 561 6,714,997 4, 484, 833 3,828,108 27«),767 385, 958 1900 1,013,662 411,390 14,621 587,661 52,666 12,373 1,625 38,668 4,795,774 2,698,-151 193,449 1,904,174 374,301 101,491 12,305 260,505 8,181 2,779 3J418 308 29 21 2.58 17,678,765 12,786,864 753, 678 4,138,223 2,229,118 1,031,331 34,960 1,162,827 10,612,929 8,603,605 367,465 1,761,859 41,584 25,797 1,529 14,268 19,794,218 16,096,678 380,947 4,316,693 2,956,138 966,462 39, 503 1,950,183 10, 192, 938 7,266,012 619, 590 2,308,336 3,792,076 962, 667 46, 170 2,783,239 20,917,083 14,623,146 742,601 5, .561, 437 5, 474, 974 924,262 52, 676 4, 498, 036 3, 640, 691 3, 110, 913 196, 295 339, 483 IMPROVED LAND m FARMS (acres). 676,482 312,803 15,663 348,106 37,076 9,274 2,034 25,768 3,136,186 1,806,918 120,264 1,209,013 218,682 76,664 9,016 133,003 5,038 2,r"" 1,269 1,710 95 68 4 8,758,850 6,802,428 306,482 1,649,940 1,111,208 669,358 14,046 427,804 5,501,600 4,591,581 133, 232 776,687 20,257 \14, 522 602 6,133 7,082,344 6,027,216! 154, 738 1,900,390 1,730,712 512, .567 5,244 1,212,901 3,499,775 2,261,431 126,932 1,111, 2,598.224 539,347 14, 874 2,044,003 7,606,4.56 4,286,899 237, 134 2, 982, 422 4,791,662 644,396 11,216 4, 135, 950 1,323,055 1,056,976 72,213 193, 867 value OF LAND AND BUILDINGS. 1910 351,174,267 26,627,616 1,630,480 22,916,271 1,981,716 547,561 146,800 1,288,366 231,467,339 128,885,932 23,296,191 79,285,216 10,269,784 3,924,773 1,172,560 6,172,461 8,141,943 2,231,400 3,232,843 2,677,700 89,400 48,400 8,000 33,000 486,833,558 374,781,761 26,023,611 86,028,186 45,224,504 28,059,634 1,330,816 15,834,166 263,314,660 207,266,207 9,099,970 46,958,383 1,076,394 738,261 35,696 302,438 387,358,391 282,524,002 13,652,244 91, 182, 146 69,266,216 22,810,089 557,000 45, 899, 127 233,888,327 163,591,021 10,305,246 59, 992, 061 98,999,754 22,112,291 980,894 76,906,569 350, 320, 600 219,080,866 16,896,884 114,343,860 128,883,732 20, 540, 910 758, 037 107, 684, 785 106,230,421 82,746,957 16,675,141 7, 808, ,323 STATE AND CLASS OF OPERATOR. South Atlantic— Con. FLORIDA — continued. Colored farmers: Total Owners Managers Tenants East South Central KENTUCKY. White farmers: ■ Total Owners Managers Tenants Colored farmers: Total Owners Managers Tenants TENNESSEE. White farmers: Total Owners Managers . Tenants Colored farmers: Total Owners Managers Tenants ALABAMA. White farmers: Total Owners Managers Tenants Colored farmers: Total Owners Managers Tenants MISSISSIPPI. White farmers: Total Owners Managers Tenants Colored farmers: Total Owners Managers Tenants West South Central ARKANSAS. White farmers: Total Owners Managers Tenants Colored farmers: Total Owners Managers Tenants LOUISIANA. White farmers: Total Owners Managers Tenants Colored farmers: Total Owners Managers Tenants OKLAnOMA.l White farmers: Total Owners Managers Tenants Colored farmers: Total Owners Managers Tenants TEXAS. White farmers: Total Owners Managers Tenants Colored farmers: Total Owners Managers Tenants 247,455 164,403 953 82,099 11,730 5,929 40 5,761 207,704 133,425 775 73,604 10,700 51 27,657 1,52,458 86,847 594 66,017 110,443 17,082 52 93,309 NUMBER OF FARMS. 1910 1900 14,721 7,298 101 7,322 223,429 150,594 1 ■- 71,292 11,238 5,402 63 5,773 190,728 122,771 1,204 66,753 33,895 9,426 82 24,387 129, 137 79, 362 802 48,973 94,083 14, 110 72 79,901 109,646 67,040 719 41,886 164,737 25,026 106 339,606 151, 085 91,987 717 58,381 63,693 14, 662 46 66,667 42,264 873 26,630 54, 879 10,726 77 44,077 .69,621 74, 264 624 94, 643 20,671 11, 160 27 9,494 347, 852 174, 631 2,261 170, 970 69,918 21,232 81 48, 13,526 6,652 93 6,881 92,124 61,048 823 30,253 128,679 20,9 107 107, 599 131,711 84,794 739 46, 178 46,983 11,941 80 34,962 57, 809 38,323 956 18,631 58, 160 9,378 79 48,703 94,776 50,018 492 44,265 13,226 10,191 49 2,985 286,654 154, 500 .2,469 129, 685 65, 536 20, 139 91 45,306 ALL LAND IN FARMS (ACRES). 1910 768,705 458,443 9,974 300,288 21,748,360 17,207,392 310,942 4,230,016 440,777 255,363 4,318 181,096 18,435,579 14,081,961 317,247 4,036,371 1,606,078 590,«76 17,682 997,720 16,640,877 11,813,387 349,286 3,478,206 6,091,435 1,466,719 17,482 3,607,234 13, 100, 106 9,489,280 549,633 2,061,193 6,467,427 2, 227, 194 . 36,878 4, 193, 356 14, 762, 762 11,185,428 322,093 3,255,231 2,053,323 1, 204, 114 6,093 1,443,116 8, 316, 160 6,931,428 966,381 1,418,351 2, 124, 321 834, 696 20,976 1,268,650 26, 682. 642 14, 397, 140 422,384 11, 763, 118 2, 276, 711 1,699,656 6,395 670, 761 108, 151, 404 67,334,272 17,860,265 22,956,867 4, 283, 663 1, 866, 742 94,684 2,322,237 1900 717,200 404,037 12,385 300,778 21,631,566 17,098,174 353,312 4,080,080 447,856 236,160 8,907 202,799 18,791,962 14,030,151 371,788 4,390,023 1,550,096 493,824 11,966 1,044,306 15,965,260 12,348,537 347,089 3,269,63^ 4,720,167 1,216,813 14,212 3,489,142 12,337,537 10,066,761 490,, — 1, 779. 903 6.903,199 1,891,065 26,303 3,986,830 14,333,097 11, 152, 225 304,644 2,876,328 2,303,622 1,035,292 . 14,906 1,253,424 8,711,079 6,423,657 954,065 1,333,457 2,348,048 741,250 19, 656 1,684,142 21,128, 187 10,685,337 2,840,991 7, 601, 869 1, 860, 162 1,563,094 95,420 211, 638 121,965,376 63,4.53,305 41,954,234 16. 657, 837 3,841,641 1,760,766 37,074 2,043,811 IMPROVED LAND IN FARMS (ACRES). 1910 482,353 229,881 4,262 248,240 14,010,777 10,900,966 171,131 2,938,691 343,694 185,789 3,577 154,328 9,728,208 7,111,807 109, 140 2,507,261 1,182,276 349,692 6,778 805,806 6,130,406 3,944,413 115,087 2,070,905 3,563,176 675, 819 6,012 2,882,346 4,620,927 3, 213, 102 157, 196 1,160,629 4,487,383 1,002,346 10,870 3,474,168 6,303,048 4,273,857 109,631 1,919,560 1,773,206 641, 265 3,068 1,228,873 3,809,409 2, 466, 112 406,395 936,902 1,466,607 399, 660 8,047 1,058,910 16,378,518 8,587,671 176,443 7, 616, 504 1,172,819 734,694 1,484 436, 741 24, 584, 163 12, 936, 404 714, 273 10, 933, 476 2, 776, 513 946,018 8,126 1,822, V.4.LUE OF LAND AND, BUILDINGS. $11,915,568 6,786,810 738,890 620,427,464 457,884,136 16,459,067 146,284,262 15,031,908 7,164,168 377,465 7,500,285 438,330,021 320,187,872 10, 188, .313 107,953,836 42,192,566 12,179,780 804,605 29,208,281 214,334,864 149,586,796 8,560,964 68, 197, 104 73,918,727 17,285,502 414. 729 56,218,496 185,637,732 137,366,509 11,827,047 36,464,176 148,524,557 34,317,764 975,581 11.3,231,212 240,153.704 161, 18?; 795 10, 201, 748 68,764,161 69,013,109 20,694.215 238,915 48,079,979 192, 610, 792 121,341,966 29,298,223 41,970,603 44,933,658 12,779,570 604,071 31,550,017 691,455,431 385,536,954 8,612,109 297,306,368 47,221,793 32,325,348 136,462 14,759,983 1,751,619,447 1,003,327,398 154,999,067 693.292,982 91,588,948 30,687,272 1,092,560 59,809,126 Flgure.s for 1900 include Indian Territory. FARMS, CLASSIFIED BY SIZE. 303 FARMS, CLASSIFIED BY SIZE. In adopting the size groups into whicii farms are classified, the Census Bureau has taken account of the fact that in large sections of the country the boundaries of very many of the farms correspond more or less closely to the Government surveys of public land. The Government land has for the most part been sold or otherwise disposed of in quarter sections, containing 160 acres or approximately that amount; and where these have been broken up they have commonly been subdivided into "quarter-quarters," or 40-acre tracts. The greater number of farms, therefore, in a large part of the country, contain either 160 acres or some other multiple of 40 acres. Uaited States as a wiole: 1910 and 1900. — Table 22 shows, for 1910 and 1900, the number of farms in each of the various size groups, and also the acre- age for a smaller number of groups, for the United States as a whole. Table 22 NUMBER OF FARMS. ALL LANE IN FARMS (ACRES). PER CENT OF TOTAL. SIZE GROUP. 1910 1900 Increase. 1910 1900 Increase.! Number of farms. All land in farms. Number. Per cent. Amount. . Per cent. 1910 1900 1910 1900 6,361,502 839,166 18,033 317,010 504, 123 1,414,376 1,438,069 1,516,286 978, 175 534,191 443,984 125,295 50,135 6,737,373 673,870 41,385 225,844 406,641 1,257,496 1,366,038 1,422,262 868,020 490,069 377, 951 10^,526 47,160 624,130 165,296 91,166 97,482 156, 880 72,031 94,024 110, 155 44,122 66,033 22,769 2,975 10.9 24.6 S.4 24.0 12.5 6.3 6.6 12.7 9.0 17.5 22.2 6.3 878,798,325 8,793,820 838,691,774 7, 180, 839 40,206,551 1,612,981 4.8 22.5 100.0 13.2 0.3 6.0 7.9 22.2 22.6 23.8 15.4 8.4 7.0 2.0 0.8 100.0 11.7 0.7 3.9 7.1 21.9 23.8 24.8 15.1 8.5 6.6 1.8 0.8 100.0 1.0 100.0 3 to 9 acres 10 to 19 acres 45,378,449 103,120,868 205,480.585 265,289,069 41,636,128 98,591,699 192,680,321 232,954,515 3,842,321 4, 629, 169 12,800,264 32,334,654 9.3 4.6 6.6 13.9 6.2 11.7 23.4 30.2 5 50 to 99 acres 11 8 23.0 175 to 499 acres 27.8 175 to 269 acres 500 to 999 acres 83,653,487 167,082,047 67,864,116 197,784,166 15,789,371 -30,702,109 23.3 -15.6 9.5 19.0 8.1 l^nfln flcrp.ti ;^nd ovpr 23.6 ' A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease. This table shows that in 1910 more than two-thirds of the farms of the country (68.6 per cent) were between 20 and 175 acres in size. The most numerous single group was that comprising farms of 100 to 174 acres, which constituted 23.8 per cent of the total number. Farms of 50 to 99 acres, and those of 20 to 49 acres, which comprised 22.6 per cent and 22.2 per cent, respectively, of the total number, were nearly as numerous. The distribution of the total acreage of farms among the several size groups is of course radically different from the distribution of the number of farms. Farms of 175 to 499 acres, which in 1910 formed only 15.4 per cent of the whole number of farms, contained 30.2 per cent of the total farm acreage of the country, and con- stituted the most important group with respect to acreage. Farms of 100 to 174 acres ranked next in importance in this respect. These two groups together comprised somewhat over one-half (53.6 per cent) of the total acreage. Next to these groups in acreage were the farms of 1,000 acres and over, which are chiefly found in the West, and which comprised 19 per cent of the total acreage, but only 0.8 per cent of the total number. On the other hand, farms under 20 acres in size, although relatively numerous (represent- ing 13.2 per cent of the total number), comprised only 1 per cent of the farm acreage of the country. The only group in which the number of farms de- creased absolutely between 1900 and 1910 is that con- sisting of places under 3 acres in size, which at both 2 Data for 1910 and 1900 not comparable. (See text.) censuses were few in number. The number of such places shown for 1910 is 56.4 per cent smaller than that shown for 1900, and there was a decrease in this group in every geographic division except the Mountain division. This decrease, however, is with- out question due chiefly, if not wholly, to changes in the census definition of what constitutes a farm, and no conclusion of value can be drawn from the data. •In both number and acreage, farms of the groups from 50 to 174 acres increased less rapidly between 1900 and 1910 than those of the groups from 3 to 49 acres or from 175 to 999 acres. Farms of 1,000 acres and over increased somewhat in number, but com- prised a smaller acreage in 1910 than in 1900. Con- sequently the percentages showing the distribution of the number and acreage of farms among size groups for 1910 differ somewhat from those for 1900. It may be noted that in a general way the changes dur- ing the past decade with reference to the relative im- portance of farms of the different size groups are con- tinuations of changes which have been going on at least since 1880 and possibly for a longer time. ITumber, acreage, and value of farms of tlie principal size groups, by divisions: 1910 and 1900. — Table 23, on the following page, presents statistics for each geo- graphic division, showing the number of farms, total and improved acreage, and value of land and build- ings for 1910 and 1900, respectively, by size groups, together with the percentage of the several totals represented in each size group. 304 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. NUMBER, TOTAL AND IMPROVED ACREAGE, AND VALUE OP LAND AND BUILDINGS OF FARMS CLASSIFIED BY SIZE, WITH PERCENTAGES, BY DIVISIONS: 1910 AND 1900. Table 23 DIVISION AND SIZE GROCP. TTNITED STATES Total Under 20 acres 20 to 19 acres 60 to 99 acres 100 to 174 acres 175 to 499 acres 500 to 999 acres 1,000 acres and over. NEW ENGLAND. Total Under 20 acres 20 to 49 acres 50 to 99 acres 100 to 174 acres 175 to 499 acres 500 to 999 acres 1,000 acres and over MIDDLE ATLANTIC. Total Under 20 acres 20 to 49 acres SO to 99 acres 100 to 174 acres . . .' 175 to 499 acres 500 to 999 acres 1,000 acres and over EAST NORTH CENTRAL Total Under 20 acres 20 to 49 acres 50 to 99 acres 100 to 174 acres 175 to 499 acres 500 to 999 acres 1,000 acres and over WEST NORTH CENTRAL. Total Under 20 acres 20 to 49 acres SO to 99 acres 100 to 174 acres 175 to 499 acres 500 to 999 acres 1 ,000 acres and over SOUTH ATLANTIC. Total Under 20 acres 20 to 49 acres SO to 99 acres 100 to 174 acres 175 to 499 acres 500 to 999 acres 1,000 acres and over EAST SOUTH CENTRAL. Total Under 20 acres 20 to 49 acres 50 to 99 acres lOO to 174 acres 175 to 499 acres 500 to 999 acres 1 ,000 acres and over WEST SOUTH CENTRAL. . Total Under 20 acres 20 to 49 acres 50 to 99 acres 100 to 174 acres 176 to 499 acres 600 to 999 acres •. 1,000 acres and over MOUNTAIN. Total Under 20 acres 20 to 49 acres 50 to 99 acres 100 to 174 acres 175 to 499 acres 500 to 999 acres 1,000 acres and over PACIFIC. Total Under 20 acres 20 to 49 acres 50 to 99 acres 100 to 174 acres 175 to 499 acres 500 to 999 acres 1,000 acres and over . . .-. NDUBEB OF FASUS. 1910 6,361,502 839, 166 1,414,378 1, 438, 069 1,616,286 978, 175 125, 295 50, 135 188,802 34,304 33,822 45,932 44,019 28,008 2,139 578 468,379 80,919 78,376 130,702 123, 756 52,310 1,.-- 1,123,489 108,283 197,164 340,940 316,607 156,686 5,147 763 1900 6,737,372 673, 870 1,257,496 1,366,038 1,422,262 868, 020 102, 626 47, 160 191,888 28,018 33,805 49,389 48,039 30,007 2,133 497 486,618 75,166 84,330 142,341 129,501 51,815 1,907 559 1,109,948 52,636 91,971 181,843 368,669 346,875 65,179 12,875 1,111,881 186,956 354,207 261,901 181,336 117,899 14,555 5,027 1,042,480 211,614 360,256 225,976 157,414 86,297 8,396 2,527 943,186 102,044 261,444 216,860 222,794 118, 416 18,232 13,396 183,446 23,426 19,383 19,330 64,783 41,676 8,483 6,365 189,891 39,084 37,754 24,685 37,908 31,109 11,316 8,135 1,135,823 100,071 230,411 350,291 301,629 146,901 5,669 951 ALL LAND IN FARMS (ACRES). 1910 878,798,325 8,793,820 46,378,449 103, 120, 868 205,480,586 165, 289, 069 83,663,487 167, 082, 047 19,714,931 317,657 1,101,352 3,210.661 5,675,475 7,062,543 1,324,569 1,122,884 43,191,066 751,343 2,696,184 9,336,076 15,710,409 12,531,376 1,154,723 1,111,945 1900 IMPROVED LAND IN FARMS (ACRES). 1910 1900 691, 774 180, 839 536, 128 591,699 680, 321 954, 516 864,116 784, 156 1,060,744 47,650 110, 718 212,600 354,794 288,187 36,186 10,609 962,226 147,165 266,623 216,522 181,290 128,641 17,191 5,893 903,313 153,359 280,010 204, 914 169,531 92,783 9,777 2,939 754,853 84,898 218,481 161,611 178,015 82,662 16,047 14,139 101,327 16,366 12,685 11,243 33,963 17,653 4,932 4,685 141,581 21,178 21,433 17, 127 35,500 29,571 9,784 117,929,148 1,002,397 6,907,601 25,448,406 41,708,394 38,250,593 3,206,712 1,406,045 232,648,121 475,532 3,206,053 13,808,123 53,137,842 99,858,046 37, 138, 136 25,024,390 103,782,255 1,991,481 11,036,210 17, 173, 796 22,907,206 31,000,073 9,454,383 10,220,106 81,620,629 2,485,330 10, 670, 111 16,708,129 20,216,555 22,187,511 5,421,938 4,831,055 169,149,976 1,242,449 8,037,214 15,230,102 30,702,647 31,958,649 12,188,176 69,790,740 69,533,420 180, 499 642,802 1,434,802 9,976,088 12,933,225 6,910,654 28,455,350 61,328,789 347,232 1,181,922 1,771,873 5,645,969 9,507,053 7,856,208 25,119,632 20,548,999 276,284 1,134,595 3,460,874 6,042,138 7,622,491 1,288,248 824,369 44,860,090 721, 639 2,821,666 10,107,376 16,457,261 12,362,281 1,181,884 1,207,994 478,451, 7,991, 36,596, 71, 156, 128, 853, 161, 776, 40, 817, 31,262, 750414. 543; 6, 033 33, 246 67, 538118, 502136, 118 29, 771 24, 498,487 440,447! ODD, 734 344. 759 390, 708 530, 043 474,642 317,164 VALUE OF LAND AND BUILDINGS. 1910 7,264,904 231,463 675,903! l,427,597j 2,198,056; 2,334,708 312,640 174,538 8,134,403 200,479 604,403 1,569,867 2,507,654 2,755,789 368, 662 137, 649 116,340,761 968,368 8,185,211 26,211,781 30,906,390 36,116,424 3,451,901 1,502,686, 201,008,713, 464,511 3,964,477 16,094,073 51,223,754 81,982,257 24,471,401 22,808,240 104,297,606 1,623,823 8,609,856 14,791,972 22,874,837 34,062,683 11,082,044 11,452,391 81,247,643 1,834,690 8,842,608 14,273,248 20,730,779 24,100,920 6,173,881 6,291,617 176,491,202 1,059,262 6,983,734 11,549,787 24,869,710 22,186,227 9,927,387 99,915,105 46,397,284 129,663 422,912 841,676 6,217,740 5,433,180 3,539,684 30,812,430 47,399,576 202,709 671,080 1,260,913 6,358,712 9,189,152 6,747,686 23,969,324 29,320,894 645,000 2,014,736 7,028,777 11,230,267 7,720,162 494,032 187,920 88,947,228 893,206 5,437,794 19,692,117 31,821,219 28,505,369 2,027,346 670,189 164,284,862 423,462 2,500,290 10,848,659 39,724,322 76,716,957 23,210,837 10,860,435 48,479,733 1,760,123 8,821,385 10,013,765 10, 855; 205 12,264,756 2,879,471 1,885,038 43,946,846 2,380,281 8,931,163 9,740,827 10,281,319 9,710,562 1,860,628 1,042,066 58,264,273 1,197,062 6,966,847 10,409,053 10,991,457 14,780,491 3,620,037 4,299,326 15,915,002 162,718 497,668 937,086 3, 496, 991 4,682,626 2,036,867 4,102,150 22,038,008 298,229 860,346 1,057,475 2,255,703 8,069,881 4,376,271 8,141,103 30,786,211 629,450 2,225,695 7,651,789 11,835,314 7,779,729 476,042 188,292 86,670,271 864, 666 6,394,880 19,964,780 30,029,865 26,554,255 2, 195, 830 665,995 135,643,828 403,743 3,047,189 12,618,337 38,166,400 60,221,593 14,268,439 7,028,127 46,100,226 1,329,173 6,686,678 8,482,261 10,744,477 13,296,834 3,382,119 2, 178, 694 40,237,337 1,715,807 7, 109, 044 8,626,698 9,837,663 9,846,677 1,941,233 1,070,215 39,770,530 1,014,776 6,061,500 7,323,424 11,200,820 8,243,364 2,324,192 3,602,464 8,402,576 109,731 306,586 511,707 2,014,774 2,218,693 1,072,124 2,168,961 18,753,106 172,622 474,859 696,906 2,053,841 4,613,119 3,466,001 7,276,757 $34,801,125, 1,309,907, 2,485,471, 6,029,610, 9,406,391, 11,762,614, 2,483,160, 1900 718,544,808 93,749,802 99,416,227 143,027,416 167,677,293 168,134,552 27,992,625 18,647,894 2,442,949,103 235,706,546 287,713,829 697,452,188 757,538,229 487,133,975 46,416,667 30,988,780 8,873,991,594 240,935,704 547, 475, 778 1,776,191,397 3,040,388,836 2,985,416,667 221,406,654 62,176,558 11,614,665,870 132,495,516 250,463,450 897,439,966 3,121,921,068 6,437,429,168 1,230,317,448 544,699,264 2,486,436,474 148,599,191 365,777,254 467,510,682 634,692,343 657,034,694 172,377,094 140,445,216 1,738,397,839 122,796,696 300,677,928 341,585,076 377,318,696 424,085,873 100,346,667 71,686,903 3,128,596,882 72,536,496 264,640,834 439,513,149 785, 668, 672 735,359,191 229,842,248 611,037,293 1,319,396,873 64,910,190 87,365,936 115,954,389 282,364,876 339,662,884 140,170,868 298,977,731 2,478,146,254 208, 179, 472 291,950,884 250,836,461 337,921,842 528,357,960 314,289,961 546,609,674 $16,614,647,491 632,723.627 1,324,062,997 2, 824, 081, 603 4, 712, 920, 050 6, 148, 077, 147 947, 737, 740 1,026,044,327 628,267,748 67,980,200 75,887,880 112,410,638 128,858,450 126,367,890 17,957,540 8,805,150 1,948,997,940 161,690,010 226,543,290 494,483,240 624,647,040 388, 660, 190 35,403,970 17,570,200 4,912,597,440 135,930,180 373,935,470 1,076,060,430 1,654,447,810 1,609,324,270 126,381,220 36,518,060 4,651,282,998 67,661,954 146,634,,^" 506,081,480 1,370,979,308 2,007,589,126 372,885,350 189,550,940 1,206,349,618 60,017,620 136,920,190 201,290,600 279,877,870 364,705,180 92,971,250 70,567,008 933,780,823 51,232,040 140,013,630 171,108,660 210,282,803 259,612,140 61,645,560 39,886,000 1,138,891,068 31,983,740 118,319,860 158,489,060 250,220,768 210,333,950 75,937,760 293,606,940 338,619,672 16,071,078 21,245,087 25,322,345 70,241,205 73,600,113 38,692,090 94,447,754 955,860,184 61,166,905 84,662,760 78,835,150 123,364,706 207,884,288 125,863,010 274,093,276 PER CENT OF TOTAL. Number of farms. 1910 1900 100.0 17.3 16.7 27.9 26.4 11.2 0.4 0.1 100.0 13.2 22.2 22.6 23.8 16.4 2.0 0.8 100.0 18.2 17.9 24.3 23.3 14.8 1 0.3 100.0 15.5 17.4 29.3 26.7 10.7 0.4 0.1 100.0 9.6 17.6 30.3 28.1 13.8 0.6 0.1 100.0 4.7 8.3 16.4 33.2 31.3 5.0 1.2 100.0 16.8 31.9 '22.7 16.3 10.6 1.3 0.5 100.0 20.3 33.6 21.7 15.1 8.3 0.8 0.2 100.0 10.8 26.7 23.0 23.6 12.6 1.9 1.4 100.0 12.8 10.6 10.5 35.3 22.7 4.6 3.5 100.0 20.6 19.9 12.9 20.0 16.4 6.0 4.3 100.0 8.8 20.3 30.8 26.6 12.9 0.5 0.1 1.0 All land in farms. 1910 1900 lop.o 14.6 17.6 25.7 25.0 16.6 1.1 0.3 109.0 1.0 5.2 U.7 23.4 30.2 9.5 19.0 100.0 1.0 5.6 16.3 28.3 35.8 6.7 6.7 100.0 1.7 6.0 21.6 36.4 29.0 2.7 2.6 100.0 0.8 5.9 21.6 36.4 32.4 2.7 1.2 100.0 0.9 5.0 11.8 Improved land in farms. 1910 1900 23.0 26 27. 8| 33. 8.1 23.6 100.0 1.3 5.5 16.8 29.4 36.6 6.3 4.0 100.0 1.6 6.3 22.5 36.7 27.6 2.6 2. 100.0 2.2 6.9 24.0 38.3 26.3 1.7 0.6 100.0 100.0 4,5 0.2 10.4 1.4 20. fl S.S 33. 4 22. f 27.2 42. t 3.4 16.(1 1.0 10.8 100.0 100.0 16.3 l.S 27.6 10.6 22.5 16.5 1S.X 22.1 13.4 29.9 1.8 9.1 0.6 9.8 100.0 100.0 17.0 3.0 31.11 13.1 22.7 19.3 17.7 24.8 10.3 27.2 1.1 6.7 0.3 5.9 100.0 100.0 11.2 0.7 28.9 4.8 21.4 9.0 •£i.n 18.2 11.0 18.5 2.0 7.2 1.9 41.3 100.0 100.0 16.2 0.3 12.5 1.1 11.1 2.4 33.6 16.8 17.3 21.7 4.9 9.9 4.5 47.8 100.0 100.0 16.0 0.7 15.1 2.3 12.1 .3.5 25.1 10.8 20.9 18.5 6.9 15.3 4.9 48.9 100.0 0.8 7.0 22.6 34.3 31.0 3.0 1.3 100.0 0.2 2.0 8.0 25.5 40.8 12.2 11.3 100.0 1.5 8.2 14.2 21.9 32.7 10.6 11.0 100.0 1.0 6.1 22.1 35.8 32.0 2.3 0.6 100.0 0.3 1.5 6.6 24.2 46.7 14.1 6.6 100.0 2.3 10.9 17.6 25.5 29.7 7.6 6.5 100.0 0.6 4.0 6.5 14.1 12.6 5 56.6 100.0 0.3 0.9 1.8 11.2 11.7 7.6 66.4 100.0 0.4 1.4 2.7 11.3 19.4 14.2 60.6 6.6 100.0 3.2 7.9 19.7 30.3 32.2 4.3 2.4 100.0 1.0 7.4 23.0 34.6 30.6 2.5 0.8 lOO.O 3.6 18.2 20.7 22.4 25.3 5.9 100.0 6.4 20.3 22.2 23.4 22.1 4.2 2.4 100.0 2.1 12.0 17.9 29.2 25.4 6.2 7.4 Value of land and buildings. 100.0 1.6 8.0 16.2 28.6 32.7 7.1 6.9 100.0 2.6 7.4 19.3 30 33 4.4 1.7 100.0 2.0 7.2 24.9 38.4 25.3 l.S 0.6 100.0 0.3 2.2 9.2 28.1 44.4 10.5 5.2 100.0 2.9 14.5 18.4 23.3 28.8 7.3 4.7 1910 1900 100.0 3.8 7.1 14.6 27.0 33.8 7.1 6.7 100.0 13.0 13 19.9 23. 23.4 3.9 2.6 100.0 9.6 11.8 24.5 31.0 19.9 1 1.3 100.0 8.3 11.6 25.4 32.1 19.9 1.8 0.9 100.0 2.7 6.2 20.0 34.3 33.6 2.5 0.7 100.0 2.8 7.6 21.9 33.7 30.7 2.6 0.7 100.0 1.1 2.2 7.7 26.9 46.8 10.6 4.7 100.0 6.0 14.7 18.8 21.5 26.4 6.9 5.6 100.0 4.3 17.9 21.4 24.4 24.5 4.8 2.7 100.0 2.6 15.2 18, 28.2 20.7 6.8 9.1 100.0100.0 1.0 1.3 3.1 3.6 5.9 6.1 22.0 24.0 29.4 26.4 12.8 12.8 26.8 25.8 100.0100.0 1.4 0.9 3.9 2.5 4.8 10.2 23.0 3.7 11.0 24.6 19.91 18.6 36.9, 38.8 100.0 7.1 17.3 19.7 21.7 24.4 5.8 4.1 100.0 2.3 8.1 14.0 25.1 23.5 7.3 19.5 100.0 4:2 6.6 8.8 21.4 25.7 10.6 22.7 100.0 8.4 11.8 10.1 13.6 21.3 12.7 22.1 100.0 3.8 8.0 17.0 28.4 31.0 6.7 6.2 100.0 11.0 14.4 21.3 24.4 23.9 3.4 1.7 100.0 1.2 3.2 10.9 29.5 43.2 8.0 4.1 100.0 5.0 11.4 16.7 23.2 30.2 7.7 5.8 100.0 5.5 15.0 18.3 22.5 27.8 6.6 4.3 100.0 2.8 10.4 13.9 22.0 18.5 6.7 25.8 100.0 4.5 6.3 7.5 20.7 21.7 11.4 27.9 100.0 6.4 8.9 8.2 12.9 21.7 13.2 28.7 FARMS, CLASSIFIED BY SIZE. 305 The three northeastern divisions of the country, the New England, Middle Atlantic, and East North Cen- tral, show in general somewhat similar conditions with respect to the size of farms. In each the farms of 50 to 99 acres constituted in 1910 the most numerous group, and those of 100 to 174 acres the next most numerous. The group comprising farms of 100 to 174 acres is first in importance as respects acreage in two of these divisions and second in the other. The West North Central division, which has been more recently settled, differs considerably from the . other three northern divisions. In this division the most nu- merous group is that comprising farms of 100 to 174 acres, and the most important group from the stand point of acreage is that comprising farms of 175 to 499 acres. In the South Atlantic and East South Central divisions conditions in regard to size of farms are ap- proximately aUke. In each the small farms of 20 to 49 acres are the most numerous, but the farms of 175 to 499 acres contain a larger proportion of the total acreage than any other group. In the West South Central, Mountain, and Pacific divisions, in which there are still many great stock ranches, the farms of 1,000 acres and over are the most important in acreage. In the West South Central division, however, because of the presence of many small tenant farms in the cot- ton belt, the group comprising farms of 20 to 49 acres is more numerous than any other; in the Pacific divi- sion because of the many small fruit farms, the farms of less than 20 acres form the most numerous group; and in the Mountain division farms of 100 to 174 acres lead in number. Comparing the percentages for 1910 in this table witli those for 1900, it may be seen that the groups which stood first and second, respectively, in number and those which stood first and second in acreage were in almost every division the same at both censuses. Nevertheless, there have been considerable changes in the relative importance of some of the groups. In all of the divisions except the West North Central the number of farms of 1 000 acres and over was either relatively less in 1910 than in 1900, or maintained the same proportion; and in all of the divisions except New England these large farms contained a smaller propor- tion of the total acreage of farm land at the later cen- sus than at the earlier. On the other hand, in all ex- cept the West South Central and Mountain divisions, farms of less than 20 acres constituted a larger propor- tion of the total number in 1910 than in 1900, and in all except the East and West North Central and Moun- tain divisions — in which the proportion was the same at both censuses — such farms contained a larger pro- portion of the acreage in the later year than in the earlier. Other changes were less nearly uniform among the divisions. In the South Atlantic and East South Central divisions the small farms of less than 20 acres were of relatively greater importance in number and acreage in 1910 than in 1900, on account of the continued breaking up of plantations into smaller farms, chiefly operated by tenants. In the West South Central and Mountain divisions the breaking up of many ranches of 1 000 acres and over has been ac- companied by an increase in the relative importance, as measured by acreage, of all of the other size groups, and the same is true, for the most part, of the Pacific division. Table 24 shows, by divisions, the percentage of in- crease in number and acreage for farms of the size groups shown in the preceding table. Table 24 PEB cent of mCREASE:' 1980 TO 1910 DIVISION AND ITEM. All farms. Un- der 20 acres. 20 to 49 acres. 5« to 99 acres. 100 to 174 acres. 175 to 499 acres. 500 to 999 acres. 1,(00 acres and over. TTnlted States: Ntunber of farms Acreage of farm land... 10.9 4.8 24.5 22.5 12.5 9.3 6.3 4.6 6.6 6.6 12.7 13.9 22.2 23.3 6.3 -IB. 5 Ne-w England: Number of fEirms -1.6 -4.1 -3.5 -3.7 -1.1 1.4 4.6 15.7 15.6 -0.5 15.4 0.3 24.9 -4.2 81.0 28.3 34.1 8.3 22.4 14.9 7.7 4.1 8.2 3.5 10.3 2.4 27.0 30.7 38.0 35.5 20.2 17.3 43.1 39.2 84.6 71.3 0.1 -2.9 -7.1 -8.0 -14.4 -15.6 -16.9 -19.1 33.3 29.7 25.1 20.7 15.1 15.1 52.8 52.0 76.1 76.1 -7.0 -7.2 -8.2 -7.6 -2.7 -2.9 -14.5 -14.2 16.3 16.1 10.3 10.1 34.2 31.9 71.9 70.5 43.5 40.5 -8.4 -7.7 -4.4 -4.5 4.6 4.5 3i9 3.7 'oil -1.3 -2.5 25.2 23.5 9e.7 91.2 6.8 3.5 -6.7 -6.1 - 1.0 1.4 5.9 5.9 20.4 21.8 -8.3 -9.0 -7.0 -7.8 43.3 44.0 137.4 138.0 5.2 3.5 0.3 2.8 -3.1 -2.3 -7.6 -7.1 52.5 51.8 -15.3 -14.7 -14.1 -12.2 21.2 22.8 72.0 67.0 15.7 16.4 16.3 Acreage of farm land Middle Atlantic: 36.2 -16.1 Acreage of farm land East Nokth Centbal: -8.0 -19.8 Acreage of farm land West North Centeal: 6.4 21.4 Acreage of farm land South Atlantic: Nnmbp.r nf fqmis . , 9.7 -14.7 Acreage of farm land East South Centeal: NnTTihfir nf farms -10.8 -14.0 Acreage of farm land West South Centeal: Number of farms -8.7 -6.3 Acreage of farm land Mountain: NnmbpT nf fflrms -30.1 38.8 Acreage of farm land Pacific: -7.6 16.4 Acreage of farm land 4.8 ' A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease. ^ Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. Table 25, on the following page, shows, by geographic divisions, the percentage which improved land forms of all farm land in each size group, and the average value of land and buildings per farm and per acre. As might be expected, small farms have, in general, a higher percentage of improved land than large farms. In the United States as a whole, in 1910, 90.9 per cent of the acreage of the farms under 20 acres in size con- sisted of improved land, while only 18.7 per cent of the acreage of farms of 1,000 acres and over was improved. The differences among the several size groups with reference to the proportion of farm land improved naturally tend to bring about corresponding differences in the average value of all farm land per acre. More- over, the largest farms are commonly in sections of the country not easily accessible to markets, where land values are relatively low. Furthermore, on the smaller farms buildings are in most cases of relatively greater importance than on the larger farms. Conse- quently it is not surprising that in the United States as a whole the average value of land and buildings per 72497°— 13- -20 306 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. acre in farms ranged in 1910 from $148.96 for farms of less than 20 acres to $13.92 for farms of 1,000 acres and over, and that the average value per acre decreases uniformly as the size of the farms increases. Table 25 DIVISION AND SIZE GROUP. UNITED STATES Total trnder 20 acres 20 to 49 acres 50 to 99 acres 100 to 174 acres 175 to 499 acres 500 to 999 acres 1,000 acres and over NEW ENGLAND. Total Under 20 acres 20 to 49 acres 50 to 99 acres 100 to 174 acres 176 to 499 acres 500 to 999 acres 1,000 acres and over MIDDLE ATLANTIC. Total Under 20 acres 20 to 49 acres 50 to 99 acres 100 to 174 acres 175 to 499 acres 500 to 999 acres 1,000 acres and over EAST NOETH CENTRAL. Total Under 20 acres 20 to 49 acres 50 to 99 acres 100 to 174 acres 175 to 499 acres 500 to 999 asres 1,000 acres and over "WEST NOETH CENTRAL. Total Under 20 acres 20 to 49 acres 50 to 99 acres 108 to 174 acres 175 to 499 acres 500 to 999 acres 1,000 acres and over PEE CENT OF FARM LAND IMPROVED. 1910 1900 54.4 90.9 80.6 69.0 62.7 61.0 48.8 18.7 36.8 72.9 62.3 44.5 39.4 33.1 23.6 15.5 76.4 89.1 78.7 77.4 76.3 74.5 63.2 40.6 70.6 89.1 78.0 78.6 74.8 76.8 62.5 43.4 49.4 89.7 79.4 68. 3 61.4 .58.2 43.4 12.3 39.6 72.6 63.3 46.4 41.5 36.6 27.8 16.7 68.6 87.2 78.9 75.7 71.9 62.9 40.3 15.6 74.5 89.3 78.1 76.2 76.2 73.6 63.6 44.3 87.5 86.9 76.9 77.8 74.5 73.5 58.3 30.8 AVERAGE VALTJE OP LAND AND BUILDINGS. Per farm. 1910 1900 $6,471 1,661 1,767 3,497 6,203 12,025 19, 819 46,376 3,806 2,733 2,939 3,114 3,807 6,003 13,087 32,263 5,216 2,913 3,671 4,571 6,121 9,312 25, 117 66, 074 7,899 2,225 2,777 5,210 9,633 19,188 43,017 81,490 10,464 2,622 2,723 4,935 8,468 15,675 22, 297 42,299 $2, 896 939 1,053 2,067 3,314 6,931 9,244 21,735 2,763 2,069 2,245 2,276 2,682 4,211 8,419 17,717 4,013 2,161 2,686 3,474 4,823 7,501 18,565 31,431 4,325 1,368 1,623 3,072 6,485 10,274 22,694 38,400 4,386 1,210 1,323 2,380 3,864 6,966 10,306 17, 867 1910 1900 $39.60 148.96 64.77 48.77 45.77 44.34 29.68 13.92 36.45 295.22 90.27 44.65 30.06 23.81 21.13 16.61 56.56 313.71 110.82 64.00 48.22 38.87 40.20 27.87 75.25 240.36 79.26 69.80 72.90 78.06 69.07 44.22 49.92 278.63 78.12 64.99 58.75 54.45 33.13 21.76 $19. 81 88.11 31.88 28.64 24.46 22.10 13.97 5.18 26.71 209.86 66.89 32,48 21.33 16.80 13.94 10.68 43.45 224.06 80.29 48.92 37.96 31.44 29.96 14.64 42.23 140.37 46.68 41.05 41.46 41.79 36.61 24.30 23.14 124.13 36.96 31.46 26.76 24.49 15.24 8.31 DIVISION AND SIZE GROUP. SOUTH ATLANTIC. Total Under 20 acres ; 20 to 49 acres 50 to 99 acres 100 to 174 acres 175 to 499 acres 500 to 999 acres 1,000 acres and over EAST SOUTH CENTRAL. Totsd Under 20 acres 20 to 49 acres 50 to 99 acres 100 to 174 acres 175 to 499 acres 600 to 999 acres 1,000 acres and over ■WEST SOUTH CENTRAL. Total Under 20 acres 20 to 49 acres 50 to 99 acres 100 to 174 acres 175 to 499 acres 600 to 999 acres 1,000 acres and over MOUNTAIN. Total Under 20 acres 20 to 49 acres 60 to 99 acres 100 to 174 acres 176 to 499 acres 600 to 999 acres 1,000 acres and over pAcinc. Total Under 20 acres 20 to 49 acres 60 to 99 acres : 100 to 174 acres 176 to 499 acres 500 to 999 acres 1,000 acres and over PEE CENT OF FARM LAND IMPROVED. 1910 1900 46.7 88.4 79.9 58.-3 47.4 39.6 30.6 18.4 63.9 96.8 83.7 62.0 50.9 43.8 34.3 21.6 34.4 96.3 86.7 68.3 65.3 46.2 29.7 6.2 26.7 90.2 77.4 65.3 36.0 36.2 34.5 14.4 42.9 85.9 72.0 69.7 40.7 63.2 66.7 32.4 44.2 87.2 78.6 57.3 47.0 39.0 30.6 19.0 49.6 93.6 81.4 60.4 47.5 40.9 31.4 20.2 22.5 95.8 86.8 63.4 46.0 37.2 23.4 3.6 18.1 84.6 72.6 60.8 38.6 40.8 30.3 7.0 39.6 86.2 70.8 55.2 38.3 50.2 51.4 30.4 AVERAGE VALUE OF LAND AND BUILDDJGS. Per farm. 1910 1900 $2,236 796 1,033 1,866 2,949 6,673 11,843 27,938 1,668 580 858 1,512 2,397 4,914 11,952 28,329 3,317 711 1,013 2,027 3,626 6,210 12, 607 46, 613 7,192 2,344 4,607 5,999 4,359 8,150 16,524 46,972 13,050 6,326 7,733 10,203 8,914 16,984 27,774 67, J92 $1,264 408 615 930 1,544 2,837 5,408 11,975 1,034 334 600 835 1,318 2,798 6,305 13,671 1,509 377 542 981 1,406 2,645 5,046 20,766 3,342 921 1,675 2,262 2,068 4,193 7,845 20,699 6,761 2,888 3,960 4,603 3,476 7,030 12,864 39,223 Per acre. 1910 1900 $23.96 74.62 33.16 27.22 23.34 21.19 18.23 13.74 21.32 49.41 28.18 21.75 18.66 19.11 18.61 14.82 18.50 58.38 31.68 28.86 25.59 23.01 18.86 8.76 22.16 304.21 136.90 80.82 28.30 26.26 23.71 10.51 48.28 599. 54 247.01 141.57 60.93 55.58 40.01 21.76 $11.57 39.39 16.09 13.61 12.24 10.71 8.39 6.16 11.49 27.93 15.83 11.99 10.14 10.77 9.98 7.54 6.45 30.19 16.94 13.72 10.06 9.48 7.65 2.94 7.30 116.23 60.24 30.09 13.46 13.55 10.93 3.07 20.17 301.70 126. 16 62.52 23.02 22.62 18.65 11.44 Size groups, by states: 1910 and 1900. — Table 26 number and acreage of farms in the several size shows, by geographic divisions, for each state, the groups in 1910 and 1900, respectively. NUMBER, TOTAL AND IMPROVED ACREAGE, AND VALUE OP LAND AND BUILDINGS OF PARMS CLASSIPIED BY SIZE, BY STATES: 1910 AND 1900. Table 26 STATE AND SIZE GROUP. NUMBEE OF FARMS. ALL LAND IN FARMS (ACRES). IMPROVED ACREAGE OF FARMS. VALUE OF LAND AND BUILDINGS. STATE AND SIZE GROUP. NUMBER OF FARMS. ALL LAND IN FARMS (ACRES). IMPROVED ACREAGF, OF FARMS. VALUE OF LAND AND BUILDINGS. 1910 1900 1910 1900 )»10 1910 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1910 New England MAINE. Total 60,016 7,113 9,492 17,895 16,633 8,293 461 129 27,053 4,695 4,609 8,248 6,247 4,774 513 167 32,709 4,578 3,481 5,910 9,492 8,616 607 126 69,299 5,307 9,267 18,644 17,191 8,260 516 114 29,324 3,999 4,765 7,123 7,430 6,333 610 164 33, 104 3,286 3,611 6,613 10,216 8,943 636 101 6,296,859 67,617 314,397 1,246,671 2,078,196 2,041,995 284,828 263,366 3,249,468 42,565 146,013 434,835 787,462 1,221,669 322,667 294,357 4,663,577 40,260 112,129 424,012 1,238,117 2,187,113 371,849 290,107 6,299,946 56,657 317,627 1,297,754 2,127,393 2,009,634 306,709 184,172 3, 609, 864 40,273 163,050 603,049 935,586 1,369,401 308, 766 289,739 4,724,440 32,276 120,740 468,227 1,328,066 2,280,010 322,903 172,218 2,360,667 49,008 164,846 663,516 838,328 678,640 61,914 24,405 929,185 30,314 68,066 164,514 256,561 314,777 68,667 37,296 1,633,966 29,952 58,062 182,638 480,120 757,888 96,940 29,365 $169,619,626 11,670,427 16,302,117 36,662,364 60,666,750 39,190,736 4,161,066 2, 277, 177 85,916,061 8,104,281 9,187,967 14,413,621 19,065,747 24,369,313 6,197,466 4,677,666 112,688,275 7,692,142 7,038,230 13,067,680 29,253,569 43,794,392 6,114,966 6,637,316 New England— Con. MASSACHUSETTS. Total 36,917 10,606 8,890 7,981 6,703 3,326 319 93 6,292 1,377 1,144 1,264 946 487 61 24 26,816 6,035 6,306 6,634 4,999 2,613 188 40 37,715 8,889 8,875 8,910 6,660 3,967 339 76 6,498 1,412 1,169 1,266 1,049 550 46 17 26,948 6,126 6,218 6,943 6,494 2,964 187 26 2,876,941 96,041 287,609 554,699 721,710 840,139 197,218 178,625 443,308 12,387 36,603 87, 794 117,094 121,822 30,875 36,733 2,186,788 68,797 204,701 462,660 632,896 649,806 117,232 69,707 3,147,064 84,038 290,622 618,783 825,328 997,933 210,173 120,287 465,602 11,378 38,550 87,093 130,689 136,387 28,610 22,896 2,312,083 61,662 204,106 485,968 695,076 729,126 111,087 35,058 1,164,501 69,869 156,902 252,447 290,707 278,531 47,817 68,228 178,344 9,873 22,097 41,493 47,500 42,914 10,577 3,890 988,252 42,447 115,940 232,989 286,839 261,968 37,725 11,354 $194,168,765 39,272,556 36,666,199 40,939,114 34,863,149 32,098,128 6,375,095 3,966,624 27,932,860 6,169,439 6,309,083 6,140,626 4,789,185 6,056,297 1,101,300 366,930 138,319,221 21,940,967 26,912,631 31,914,010 29,049,903 23,625,686 4,042,763 1,833,281 Under 20 acres 20 to 49 acres 50 to 99 acres 100 to 174 acres 175 to 499 acres 600 to 999 acres 1,000 acres and over . . NEW HAMPSHIEE. Total Under 20 acres 20 to 49 acres 60 to 99 acres 100 to 174 acres 175 to 499 acres 500 to 999 acres 1,000 acres and over.. RHODE ISLAND. Total Under 20 acres 20 to 49 acres 50 to 99 acres 100 to 174 acres 175 to 499 acres 600 to 999 acres 1,000 acres and over . . VERMONT. Total Under 20 acres 20 to 49 acres 60 to 99 acres 100 to 174 acres 175 to 499 acres 600 to 999 acres 1,000 acres and over.. CONNECTICUT. Total Under 20 acres 20 to 49 acres 50 to 99 acres 100tol74acres 175 to 499 acres 500 to 999 acres 1,000 acres and over. . Under 20 acres 20 to 49 acres .50 to 99 acres 100 to 174 acres 175 to 499 acres 600 to 999 acres 1,000 acres and over.. FARMS, CLASSIFIED BY SIZE. 307 NUMBER, TOTAL AND IMPROVED ACREAGE, AND VALUE OF LAND AND BUILDINGS OF F-ARMS CLASSIFIED BY SIZE, BY STATES: 1910 AND 1900— Continued. Table26— Contd. STATE AND SIZE GROUP. Middle Atlantic NEW YOEK. Total Under 20 acres'. — 20 to 49 acres 50 to 99 acres 100 to 174 acres 175 to 499 acres 600 to 999 acres 1,000 acres and over . NEW JEKSEY. Total Under 20 acres 20 to 49 acres 60 to 99 acres 100 to 174 acres 176 to 499 acres 600 to 999 acres 1,000 acres and oyer . PENNSYLVANIA. .Total Under 20 acres 20 to 49 acres 50 to 99 acres 100 to 174acres 175 to 499 acres 500 to 999 acres 1,000 acres and over . . NUMBER or FARMS. 1910 1900 215, .597 34,188 31,047 66,821 61,031 31,163 1,104 243 33,487 8,073 7,607 8,194 7,207 2,235 112 59 219,296 38,658 39, 721 66,687 55,618 18,912 632 167 226,720 32,542 35,123 63,789 63,846 30,063 1,109 248 34,650 7,685 7,632 8,882 7,856 2,613 110 73 224,248 35,038 41,575 69,070 57,800 19,239 688 238 East North Central OHIO. Total Under. 20 acres 20 to 49 acres 60 to 99 acres 100 to 174 acres 175 to 499 acres 500 to 999 acres 1,000 acres and over . . INDIANA. Total Under 20 acres 20 to 49 acres 50 to 99 acres 100 to 174 acres 175 to 499 acres 600 to 999 acres 1,000 acres and over . . ILLINOIS. Total Under 20 acres 20 to 49 acres 50 to 99 acres 100 to 174acres 175 to 499 acres 500 to 999 acres 1,000 acres and over. . MICHIGAN. Total Under 20 acres 20 to 49 acres 50 to 99 acres 100 to 174 acres 175 to 499 acres 600 to 999 acres 1,000 acres and over . WISCONSIN. Total Under 20 acres 20 to 49 acres 50 to 99 acres 100 to 174 acres 175 to 499 acres 500 to 999 acres 1,000 acres arid over. . WestKoTtli Central MINNESOTA. Total Under 20 acres 20 to 49 acres 60 to 99 acres 100 to 174 acres 176 to 499 acres 600 to 999 acres 1,000 acres and over. . IOWA. Total Under 20 acres 20 to 49 acres 60 to 99 acres 100 to 174 acres 175 to 499 acres 600 to 999 acres 1,000 acres and over. . MISSOURI. Total Under 20 acres 20 to 49 acres 60 to 99 acres 100 to 174acres 176 to 499 acres 600 to 999 acres 1,000 acres and over. 872,045 38,913 60,331 88,047 68,746 26,113 783 112 216,485 23,644 40,161 67,221 67, 261 26,107 949 142 251,872 20,294 33,322 67,917 80. "" 67,765 1,842 203 206,960 14,786 49,890 73, 748 60,622 17, 143 607 165 177,127 10,647 23,460 64,007 68,439 29,467 966 141 156,13 6,619 12,028 26,671 65,424 62,836 3,359 300 276, 719 36,462 67,666 89, 774 67, 258 25,679 916 164 221,897 21,976 47,009 71,056 56,060 26,479 1,094 224 264,161 19,636 41,160 66,861 81,338 63,834 2,051 282 203,261 13,470 69, 197 71,021 43, 741 16,179 517 136 169,795 9,528 25,479 62, 590 64,232 26,830 991 146 154,659 4,803 13, 278 30,990 66, 785 45,473 2,965 365 228,622 11,648 21,475 49, 665 79,923 62,753 2,818 340 284,886 19,088 56, 931 78,933 78,941 47, 131 3,268 594 ALL LAND IN PAEMS (ACRES), 1910 22,030,307 307,362 1,028,991 4,068,680 7,804,307 7,560,324 685,906 584, 897 2,673,857 77,641 243,806 686,063 911,564 624,918 70,426 160,539 18,586,832 366,440 1,323,387 4,081,433 6,994,638 4,456,134 398,391 366,609 24,105,708 363,977 1,719,606 6,444,930 8,860,408 6,020,366 488,963 217, 468 21,299,823 221, 480 1,384,816 4,977,801 7,486,481 6,400,036 691,015 239, 194 32,622,937 186,520 1,129,398 4,337,699 10,964,517 14,446,916 1,135,951 322,036 18,940,614 137, 131 1,814,802 5,537,099 6,591,003 4,125,482 391,180 343,917 21,060,066 93,289 858,979 4,160,977 7,816,986 7,267,793 698,603 283,440 27,676,8?3 49,878 435,963 2,056,944 8,031,778 14,516,821 2,118,081 468,358 33,930,688 117, 965 637, 644 2,980, 11,243,738 17,206,099 1, 513, 469 34,591,248 192, 760 1,657,429 5,524,548 10,701,983 13,374,223 2,180,501 959,804 22,648,109 307,621 1,180,411 4,561,108 8,167,612 7,243,784 690,692 617,081 2,840,966 74,332 249,077 638,281 991, 720 690,463 67,963 229, 140 19,371,015 339, 786 1,392,167 4,917,987 7,308,029 4,528,044 423,229 461, 773 24,601,986 340,431 1,972,666 6,639,608 8,663,663 6,060,168 574,368 264,281 21,619,623 218, 458 1,650,252 5,251,514 7,200,079 6,267,774 691,425 340,121 32,794,728 194,356 1,431,732 4,979,867 11,065,345 13,481,125 1,258,084 384,230 17,561, 130,371 2,183,332 5,305,994 5,692,182 3,675,739 324,843 249,237 19,862,727 84,753 947, — 4,037,908 7,284,121 6,640,618 603,181 264,81' 26,248,498 43,331 494,528 2,316,708 8,508,727 12,375,625 1,871,977 637, 702 34,574,337 109, 927 765, 266 3,828,843 11,197,376 16,361,478 1,764,"" 647,418 33,997,873 198, 193 2,028,673 5,885,823 10, 573, 39- 12, 149, 760 2,090,466 1,071,661 IMPROVED ACREAGE OP FARMS. 1910 14,844,039 267,909 801,480 3,053,725 5,540,335 4,746,402 316,532 117,656 1,803,336 64,420 187,500 468,015 698,575 337,874 30,988 25,964 12,673,519 312,671 1,025,756 3,517,03- 4,991,357 2,636,886 146,612 44,300 19,227,969 327, 189 1,441,294 5,288,437 7,053,181 4,641,288 365,502 121,078 16,931,252 196,615 1,165,665 4,097,432 5,996,101 4,923,766 418,564 143,209 28,048,323 169,616 973,339 3,796,685 9,672,197 12,384,216 849,906 203,466 12,832,078 121, 750 1,351,445 3,998,814 4,539,148 2,602,019 169,477 69,426 11,907,606 78,136 616, 161 2,611,749 4,660,692 3,954,071 243,896 43,012 19,643,533 39,373 244,221 1,258,358 6,245,521 10,910,810 1,617,491 327, 759 29,491,199 102,881 450,5171 2,619,874 10,009,429' 14,876,600, 1,203,407 229, 591 ! I 24,681,186, 170, 479J 1,312,077, 4, 184, 784 7,666,746 9,366,608, 1,412,313 472, 179 VALUE OF LAND AND BUILDINGS. 1910 $1,184,745,829 108,633,214 129,618,019 264,212,934 360,162,867 277,308,686 27, 143, 232 17,667,078 217,134,619 31,003,686 33,700,754 61,376,789 59,041,617 31,466,639 6,129,686 6,416,560 1,041,068,765 96,068,746 124,396,066 281,863,465 338,333,945 178,358,651 14,143,740 7,906,162 1,664,162,406 81,009,747 149,416,179 464,592,416 569,462,824 360,285,828 29,426,733 9,960,680 1,594,276,596 43,197,215 111,641,607 371,629,800 549,502,724 465,787,640 40,161,060 12,356,650 3,622,792,570 69,074,577 111,860,899 405,785,654 1,174,168,111 1,627,581,457 116,284,511 28,037,361 901,138,299 28,266,364 106,804,968 271,486,989 301,276,358 174,684,535 13,040,547 5,690,638 1,201,632,723 29,398,801 67,753,126 272,697,539 445,978,819 357,177,307 22,494,803 6,132,329 1,262,441,426 14,224,838 28,966,718 106,823,204 366,727,207 663,616,766 86,672,938 17,409,755 3,2.57,379,400 39,306,861 63,692,308 295,461,882 1,096,625,673 1,614,102,760 122,994,559 25, 195, 467 1,716,204,386 42,818,101 101,486,534 276,273,994 603,288,840 649,467,163 105, 685, 100 37, 184, 664 STATE AND SIZE GROUP. West N. Central- Continued. NORTH DAKOTA. Total Under 20 acres 20 to 49 acres 60 to 99 acres 100 to 174 acres 175 to 499 acres 500 to 999 acres 1,000 acres and over. SOUTH DAKOTA. Total Under 20 acres 20 to 49 acres 60 to 99 acres 100 to 174 acres 176 to 499 acres 500 to 999 acres 1,000 acres and over. . NEBRASKA. Total Under 20 acres 20 to 49 acres 50 to 99 acres 100tol74acres 175 to 499 acres 600 to 999 acres 1,000 acres and over. . KANSAS. Total Under 20 acres 20 to 49 acres 60 to 99 acres 100 to 174 acres 175 to 499 acres 600 to 999 acres 1 .000 acres and over . - South Atlantic DELAWARE. Total Under 20 acres 20 to 49 acres 60 to 99 acres 100 to 174 acres 176 to 499 acres 600 to 999 acres 1,000 acres and over. . MARYLAND. Total Under 20 acres 20 to 49 acres 50 to 99 acres 100 to 174 acres 176 to 499 acres 500 to 999 acres 1 ,000 acres and over. . DIST. OF COLUMBIA. Total Under 20 acres 20 to 49 acres 50 to 99 acres 100 to 174 acres 175 to 499 acres 500 to 999 acres 1,000 acres and over. . VIRGINIA. Total Under 20 acres 20to49acre.s 50 to 99 acres 100 to 174 acres 175 to 499 acres 500 to 999 acres 1,000 acres and over. . WEST VIRGINIA. Total Under 20 acres 20 to 40 acres 60 to 99 acres 100 to 174acres 175 to 499 acres 500 to 999 acres 1,000 acres and over. . NORTH CAROLINA. Total Under 20 acres 20 to 49 acres 50 to 99 acres 100 to 174 acres 176 to 499 acres 600 to 999 acres 1,000 acres and over . . SOUTH CAROLINA. Total Under 20 acres 20 to 4& acres 60 to 99 acres 100 to 174 acres 175 to 499 acres 600 to 999 acres 1,000 acres and over . . NUMBER OF FARMS. 1910 1900 74,360 229 460 1,207 23,003 34,393 12, 662 2,416 77,644 808 1,121 2,406 28,396 33,041 9,698 2,174 129,678 4,358 4,558 12, 618 43,916 47,233 13,128 177,841 8,042 10, 738 26,151 67, 789 61,286 10,475 3,360 10,836 1,636 1,988 2,977 2,849 1,429 62 6 48,923 10,232 8,629 9,946 11,457 8,070 606 83 217 122 66 17 10 3 184,018 39,746 42,390 38,342 32,997 28,101 3,460 992 96,685 15,399 20,323 26,806 20,166 12,248 1,316 43' 253, 725 43,224 75,629 62, 167 43,987 26,264 2, 805 45,332 791 556 716 18,471 18,339 5,114 1,346 62,622 807 987 2,214 16,144 23,375 7,074 2,041 121,525 3,507 6,243 17,979 46,109 40,271 6,062 2,364 173,098 7,006 12,269 32, 103 58,421 50,846 8,895 3,659 9,687 877 1,668 2,610 2,923 1,633 71 6 46,012 8,160 7,1 — 9,307 11,643 8,659 691 79 289 154 71 31 9 2 2 167,886 32,903 36,644 33,948 32,486 27,725 4,100 1,100 92,874 13,081 19,306 25,629 20,164 12,669 1,511 614 224,637 33, 184 69, 913 65,028 44,052 28,236 3,276 949 I 176, 434 166, 355 37,985 33,096 70,682 54, 33,147i 29,944 19,427] 20,532 12,639; 14,075' 1,942 2,314; 812 1,010' ALL LAND tN FARMS (ACRES). 1910 28,426,660 1,601 16,687 94, 199 3,640,003 12,000,916 8, 783, 660 3,889,694 26,016,892 6,612 39, 476 183,202 4,458,036 10,819,704 6,583,127 3,926,736 38,622,021 37, 150 162,474 971,897 6,543,429 13,923,207 8,837,626 8,156,338 43,384,799 69,566 366,381 1,998,144 8,518,875 18,018,076 7,121,881 7,291,876 1,038,866 16,186 66,119 211, 100 369,476 345,465 32,210 9,311 6,057,140 97,263 278,402 700,098 1,4B6,215 2,055,882 312,911 126,369 6,063 1,039 1,878 1,114 1,115 917 19,495,636 397,426 1,332,113 2,648,520 4,191,039 6,937,164 2,216,101 1,773,284 10,026,442 149,047 676,"" 1,875,754 ,2,567,005 3,179,329 849,970 738,348 22,439,129 485,387 2,326,984 4,253,622 5,532,657 6, 504, 207 1, 724, 796 1, 611, 576 13,612,028 412,235 2,072,476 2, 205, 541 2, 433, 404 3,349,902 1,277,578 1,760,892 1900 16,642,640 7,711 18,063 59,040 2,945,787 6,403,548 3,561,491 2,547,000 19,070,616 5,1 — 36,348 168,923 2,382,021 8,019,437 5,006,021 3,453,788 29,911,779 31,203 184,424 1,367,012 6,978,190 11,866,326 4,160,909 6,334,716 41,662 J70 69, 066 437, 177 2,467,724 8,638,256 14,807,183 6,027,608 9,216,066 1,066,228 9,680 62,439 186,886 370,605 396,319 42,882 7,718 5,170,075 82, 774 264,342 668,833 1,494,118 2,208,470 364,853 118,885 8,489 1,463 2,107 2,206 1,037 375 1,302 19,907,883 324,267 1, 126, 988 2,376,444 4, 102, 998 7,425,185 2,616,261 1,936,750 10,654,513 129,864 645,963 1,765,028 2,644,791 3,312,251 977, 235 1,279,381 22,749,356 367,540 1,880,512 3, 742, 478 5,614,229 7,363,568 2,098,813 1,792,226 13,98.5,014 333,961 1,660,069 2,005,919 2,576,058 3,791,972 1,508,769 2,108,276 IMPROVED ACREAGE OF FARMS. 20,455,092 1,224 10, 718 53,663 2,124,647 9,063,690 6,676,379 2,626,881 16,827,208 5,686 30,001 134, 340 2,113,308 8,064,822 3,886,801 1, 692, 251 24,382,677 34,074 134, 271 879,408 5,676,821 10,833,939 3,888,368 3, 136, 708 29,904,067 63,746 318,485 1, 718, 144 6,888,860 13,811,688 4,627,0^ 2,578,068 713,538 13,404 52,748 164,027 249,365 228,100 14,083 3,823 3,364,767 80,698 209,115 497,340 1,049,206 1,329,921 161,285 37,204 6,133 1,001 1,660 812 813 867 9,870,058 321,370 894,682 1,495,798 2,194,056 3,382,003 973,036 609, 116 6,521,757 128,207 456,946 1, 155, 188 1,609,134 1,695,072 366,356 210,855 8,813,056 427,423 1, 705, 761 2,086,897 2,098,630 1, 906, 623 366,077 222, 655 6,097,999 391, 563 1, 791, 196 1,293,355 1,005,949 1,046,858 306,337 262, 741 VALUE OF LAND AND BUILDINGS. 8822,656,744 364, 599 739,953 2,539,341 83,426,352 364,271,009 271,600,607 109,816,883 1,005,080,807 1,868,680 3,001,278 10,407^857 149,337,025 504,618,418- 239,012,732 96,874,817 1,813,346,905 14,379,350 19,378,644 88,286,663 507,691,497 878,937,406 185,609,765 119,263,720 ,737,566,172 19,633,087 33, 138, 116 117,647,025 426,925,574 782,615,686 219,941,757 138,854,948 53,155,983 3,913,303 5,659,301 10,989,516 15,899,291 16,893,322 1,053,960 47,300 241, 737, IS 17,813,279 22,791,832 36,304,852 63,818,929 87,550,094 10,724,022 2, 734, 115 8,231,343 3,723,300 2,034,300 987,000 936, 743 550,000 632,058,062 31,523,270 49,994,079 77,382,360 108,368,330 170,377,481 63,041,674 41,390,868 264,390,954 12,0.56,803 22,929,321 49,093,413 64,873,363 80, 792, 56S 19,609.782 15, 036,707 458,624,607 24,749,610 72,871,655 '101,807,106 107,303,214 107,251,793 24,677,277 17, 963, 962 332,888,081 19,781,881 71,354,028 68,415,043 60,628,192 69,933,577 22,659,523 20,216,857 308 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. NUMBER. TOTAL AND IMPROVED ACREAGE, AND VALUE OF LAND AND BUILDINGS OF FARMS CLASSIFIED BY SIZE, BY STATES: 1910 AND 1900— Continued. Table 26— Costd. STATE AND SIZE NUMBER OF FARMS. ALL LAND IN FARMS (ACRES). mPEOVED ACREAGE OF FARMS. VALUE OF LAND AND BUILDINGS. STATE AND SIZE NtTMBEE OF FARMS. ALL LAND IN FARMS (ACRES). IMPROVED ACREAGE OF FARMS. VALUE OF LAND AND BUILDmGS. GEOUP. GROUP. 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1910 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1910 South Atlantic- Mountain Continued. MONTANA. GEOBQIA. Total 26,214 13,370 663 399 13,545,603 4,382 33,662 11,844,454 3,640,309 $261,626,930 Total 291,027 29,629 224,691 19,356 26,953,413 348,103 26,392,057 223,686 12,298,017 327,212 $479,204,332 19,929,323 Under 20 acres 20 to 49 acres :.. 755 966 3,644 16,261 3,842 21,399 1,917,013 Under 20 acres 3,462,310 20 to 49 acres 117,432 73,408 3,709,289 2,421,384 3,318,067 96,117,977 50 to 99 acres 1,260 863 96,034 43,476 55,645 6,799,281 50 to 99 acres 68,510 52,251 4,553,582 3,472,677 2,968,647 102,927,993 100 to 174 acres 10,562 6,613 1,648,834 882,023 614, 349 43,134,560 100tol74aores 42,275 41,661 6, 223, 132 5,150,210 2,367,863 92,772,819 175 to 499 acres 8,339 3,696 2,668,626 1,157,456 923,664 64,052,^9 175 to 499 acres 27, 710 31,439 7,412,596 8, 469, 107 2,288,329 102,831,020 500 to 999 acres 2,363 1,257 1,654,257 900,121 699,093 38,616,276 500 to 999 aores 3,950 4,718 2,604,839 3,074,445 595, 659 32,471,116 1,000 acres andover. . 1,999 1,289 7,439,908 8,841,484 1,422,317 93,645,051 1 ,000 acres and over . . 1,521 1,868 3,101,872 3,580,649 432,340 32,164,086 IDAHO. Total 30,807 2,005 17, 471 5,283,604 16,286 3,204,903 5,680 2,778,740 246,065,825 6,167,205 FLORIDA. Under 20 acres 804 14,963 Total 50,016 40,814 6,364 5,253,538 85,797 4,363,891 60,699 1,806,408 118, 146, 989 20 to 49 acres 4,048 5,820 1 478 144,087 54,770 176,764 111,568 19,458,414 34,251,759 Under 20 acres 9,084 69,247 16,109,442 50 to 99 acres 2|306 443,682 280,371 20 to 49 acres 17, 169 13,646 670,960 467,062 391,233 22, 124, 761 100 to 174 acres 11,891 8,998 1,793,765 1,386,070 792,797 69,712,691 50 to 99 acres 9,999 7,874 724,565 581,603 361,791 19,623,399 176 to 499 acres 6,866 3,278 1,708,591 958,576 977,778 .73,842,412 100 to 174 acres 8,178 7,940 1, 123, 163 1,120,791 380, 20C 20,391,462 500 to 999 acres 921 436 610,397 286,417 344,077 24,255,139 175 to 499 acres 4,545 4,103 1,214,621 1,097,346 388,993 21,864,842 1 ,000 acres and over . . 256 171 566,806 336,726 257,186 17,378,305 500 to 999 acres 670 609 436,978 407,684 107,639 8,139,761 WYOMING. 371 278 1,098,454 628,806 106,305 10,902,332 Total 10,987 420 6,096 502 8,543,010 1,116 8,124,538 611 1,256,160 961 97,915,277 389,589 Under 20 acres 20 to 49 acres 338 76 12,610 3,119 8,941 794,290 KENTUCKY. 60 to 99 acres 645 257 49,986 21,745 33,007 2,310,865 Total 259,185 234,667 42,904 22, 189, 127 21,979,422 465,040 14,364,471 554,143 636,459,372 36,723,010 100 to 174 acres 3,816 2,201 595, 182 345,033 174,978 12,457,188 Under 20 acres 55,472 586,546 175 to 499 acres 3,629 1,420 1,166,263 498,993 330,228 22,562,822 20 to 49 acres 68,637 51,860 1,864,214 1,668,283 1,495,951 68,341,744 600 to 999 acres 984 723 703,831 590,490 189,064 13,119,697 50 to 99 aores 66,778 60,435 4,556,297 4,161,328 3,174,268 119,994,284 1,000 acres and over. . 1,166 917 6,014,023 6,664,645 518,991 46,280,826 100tol74acres 50,134 48,664 6,282,939 6,107,837 4,117,367 156,477,645 COLOKADO. 175 to 499 acres 26,639 2,181 27,886 2,470 6,711,828 1,370,115 7,087,446 1,613,808 4,077,796 688,727 193,447,982 40,616,629 Total 46, 170 24, 7O0 13,632,113 40,432 9, 474, 688 4, 302, 101 408,618,861 500 to 999 acres Under 20 acres 6,070 2,873 22,623 37,538 25,630.361 1,000 acres and over . . 444 558 828,188 986,680 246,239 19,859,078 20 to 49 acres 3,882 2,122 126,209 72,403 99,671 28,470,967 60 to 99 acres 4,384 2,526 328,961 199,057 236, 87C 37,509,680 100 to l74 acres 16,356 9,104 2,526,669 1,409,466 978,512 93,753,309 246,012 47,341 224,623 36,642 20,041,657 547,322 20,342,068 430, 110 10,890,484 501, 007 480,622,687 31,606,673 175 to 499 acres 600 to 999 acres 12,476 2,426 ' 5,372 1,466 3,929,716 1,699,403 1,701,623 1,043,856 1,456,957 6.57,631 115,238,983 40,327,319 Under 20 acres 20 to 49 acres 72, 212 61,442 2,240,374 1,937,942 1,800,374 74,476.941 1,000 acres and over. . 1,677 1,237 4,880,823 5.026.660 935,922 67,588,352 50 to 99 acres 60,105 67,265 4,147,088 3,936,990 2,581,648 104,019,266 NEW MEXICO. 100 to 174 acres 41,545 22,460 42,476 24,274 5,266,026 5,724,087 6,371,931 6,216,260 2,802,232 2,619,991 113, 199, 169 120,220,288 Total 36,676 6,886 12,311 5,057 11,270,021 65,286 6,130,878 41,867 1,467,191 46,776 111,830,999 175 to 499 acres Under 20 acres 5,584,194 500 to 999 acres 1,878 2,068 1,189,042 1,285,379 422,571 23,618,9.50 20 to 49 acres 2,812 2,197 87,971 65,95C 57,882 0,132,982 1,000 aores and over. . 481 666 937,718 1,164,466 162,661 13,482,310 50 to 99 acres 1,820 969 132,026 65,875 62,466 6,281,688 100 to 174 acres 16,363 2,696 2,418,328 413,440 545,207 27,994,954 Total 262,901 41,868 106,841 223,220 31,643 80,784 .20,732,312 477,518 3,294,559 20,686,427 362,820 2,579,379 9,693,681 461,806 2,803,670 288,263,591 17,732,696 65,174,986 175 to 499 acres 500 to 999 acres 1,000 acres and over- . 7,388 836 572 769 308 325 2,322,242 584,376 5,669,794 229,909 218,411 4.096,426 504,519 96,895 153,446 26,054,455 Under 20 years 20 to 49 acres 32,233,943 SO to 99 acres 65,448 36,563 20,093 2,276 822 47,745 37,111 22,193 2,788 956 3,862,717 4,674,360 5,257,792 1,497,299 1,668,067 3,369,628 4,963,792 5,891,271 1,808,499 1,710,138 2,289,469 1,857,959 1,602,363 374, 410 303,904 61,745,865 56,058,111 55,450,822 16,116,822 16,974,389 Total 9,227 3,346 1,477 820 2,691 6,809 2,038 922 674 1,681 1,246,613 15,496 46,757 59,047 399,210 1,935,327 12,830 29,530 49,856 241,983 350,173 14,367 37,271 38,273 95,442 47,286,310 100 to 174 acres 175 to 499 acres 600 to 999 acres 1,000 acres and o ver . . Under 20 acres 20 to 49 acres 60 to 99 acres 100 to 174 acres 2,623,273 5,824,966 5,862,640 12,157,576 MISSISSIPPI. 175 to 499 acres 757 411 226,491 125,102 79,633 10,120,344 Total 274,382 66,943 220,803 42,270 18,657,533 874,944 18 240,736 9,008,310 863,326 334,162,289 36,834,417 500 to 999 acres 164 112 112,612 76,114 37,001 3,873,652 Under 20 acres 576,620 1,000 acres and over. . 72 71 388,000 1,399,912 48,186 6,822,861 20 to 49 acres 112,666 85,934 3,280,964 2,667,004 2,831,168 92,685,267 • UTAH. 44,645 30, 172 3,142,02-/ 4.003,230 1,695,452 1,503,771 66,826,671 51,583,771 Total 21, 676 19, 387 3,397,699 45,627 4,116,951 40,732 1,368,211 42,696 117,646,332 11,996,862 100 to 174 acres 31,380 4,287,219 Under 20 acres 4,674 4,204 175 to 499 acres 17,115 18,43C 4,493,804 4,905,953 1,410,412 64,966,781 20 to 49 acres 5,660 6,261 181,178 173,303 153,899 22,188,727 500 to 999 acres 2,061 2,461 1,366.482 1,666,195 374,920 19,995,266 50 to 99 acres 4,170 3,741 293,613 268,889 214,976 20,965,001 1,000 acres and o ver . . 78C 859 1,397,082 1,431,343 329,262 22,271,126 100 to 174 acres 3,660 3,363 612,695 480,041 256,127 19,690,162 West South Central 175 to 499 acres 2,681 2,202 746,164 603,095 328,168 21,359,510 600 to 999 acres 651 368 370,088 244,291 133,974 7,626,182 1,000 acres and over.. 390 248 1,249,434 2,306,600 238,371 13,718,908 AEKANSAS. NEVADA. 214,678 36,259 178,694 24,665 17,416,075 476,639 16,636,719 331,590 8,076,254 467,565 309,166,813 21,086,055 Total 2,689 271 2,184 235 2,714,767 1,874 2,665,647 1,976 752,117 1,585 39,609,339 Under 20 acres Under 20 acres 601,713 20 to 49 acres 74,983 55,332 2,343,564 1,806,004 1,944,166 70,534,909 320 231 10,328 7,686 6,937 1,023,280 50 to 99 acres 45,373 38,59.5 3,299,148 2,867,527 1,799,792 63,280,020 411 217 31,456 16, 013 16,478 100 to 174 acres 39,353 42,007 5,395,529 5,916,487 1,993,878 66,823,373 555 407 81,616 69,684 38,579 3,464,547 175 to 499 acres 17, 149 16,440 4,316,389 4,155,598 1,465,435 57,492,644 640 505 167,232 168,427 81,679 500 to 999 acres 1,163 1,239 763,283 811,737 228,306 14,164,369 243 262 176, 691 179,984 79,122 4,804,820 1,000 acres and over. . 398 416 821,923 748,776 187,123 16,786,443 1,000 acres and over. . 344 327 2,246,562 2,141,977 527,737 21,309,485 LOUISIANA. Pacific Total 120, 546 29,256 115,969 26,782 10,439,481 355,220 11,069,127 322,025 5,276,016 346,303 237,644,450 17,800,570 WASHINGTON. Total Under 20 acres 56, 192 33,202 11,712,235 8, 499, 297 6,373,311 66,475 671,968,467 20 to 49 acres 46,389 44,622 1,397,534 1,330,953 1,164,909 41,491,842 Under 20 acres 10,529 3,025 91,282 28,471 50,780,592 60 to 99 acres 20,248 18,179 1,418,628 1,272,079 821,543 32,597,748 20 to 49 acres 10,252 4,24C 328,883 144,667 164,236 61,496,331 100 to 174 acres 13,681 15,633 1,817,211 2, 150, 489 789,683 30,213,391 50 to 99 acres 7,105 4,387 523,088 332,077 218, 786 52,667,859 175 to 499 acres 8,406 9,015 2,274,698 2,452,116 958, 320 39,499,613 100 to 174acres 13,884 11,249 2,082,832 1,765,952 700,073 94,207,452 600 to 999 acres 1,548 1,688 1,036,218 1,118,940 453,768 23,317,045 176 to 499 acres 9,215 7,336 2,898,427 2,374,994 1,692,749 132,463,455 1,000 acres and over. . 1,018 1,050 2,140,072 2,412,525 742,600 62,624,241 500 to 999 acres 3,481 2,016 2,442,948 1,405,026 1,709,798 90,563,407 OKLAHOMA.' 1,000 acres and over. . 1,726 948 3,344,775 2,448,211 1,821,194 89,809,361 Total . . 190,192 7,158 31,489 108,000 6,731 19,390 28,859,353 80,936 1,066,835 22,988,339 78,682 625,971 17,561,337 76,769 930, 731 738,677,224 Total. ,. 45,502 35,837 3,071 11,685,110 65,128 10,071,328 29,799 4,274,803 42,076 Under 20 acres 20 to 49 acres 465,576,309 23,517,363 30,170,704 75, 944, 069 Under 20 acres 6,030 60 to 99 acres 39,002 16,300 2, 798, 885 1,149,099 2, 042, 852 6,888 4,083 227,085 140,669 127,814 37,654,879 100 to 174 acres 75, 186 48,983 11,217,623 7,547,936 7,118,362 314,897,360 6,800 4,673 495,834 360,734 238,649 48,774,337 175 to 499 sores 33,812 13,206 9, 429, 784 3.725,720 6,914,639 248,931,705 100 to 174acres 12,009 11,055 1,753,678 1,647,337 583,111 82,682,016 600 to 999 acres 2,688 1,937 1,767,120 1,266,374 876,997 35,255,663 26,805,212 9,343 9,228 2, 791, 920 2,815,702 1,140,176 124,131,252 1,000 acres and over. 857 1,453 2, 499, 270 8, 694,. 557 591, 087 600 to 999 acres 2.716 2,440 1,876,662 1,657,634 818,971 59,579,881 TEXAS. 1,000 acres and over. . CALIFORNIA. Total 1.716 1,287 4,484,803 3, 429, 453 1,324,108 79,236,581 Total 117, 770 352,190 27,726 112,435,067 329, 754 126,807,017 27,360,066 307,435 1,843,208,395 26,976,349 88,197 22,526 72.642 16,082 27,931,444 200,822 28,828,951 144,439 11,389,894 189,679 1,450,601,488 133,881,517 Under 20 acres 29,371 326,955 Under 20 acres 20 to 49 acres 98,583 99,137 3,230,681 3,220,806 2,927,042 112,443,379 20 to 49 acres 20,61^ 13, lie 625,954 385,844 568,296 192,799,674 50 to 99 acres 112,237 88,537 7,713,441 6,261,082 5,744,866 267,691,312 60 to 99 acres 10, 680 8,067 762, 951 678,102 600,140 149,394,285 100 to 174 acres 94,574 71,392 12,272,384 9, 255, 798 7,089,634 373,734,548 100 to 174 acres 12, 015 13,196 1,709,455 1,945,423 972,519 161,032,374 175 to 499 acres 59,049 44,001 15,937,878 11,862,793 6,452,197 389,436,229 175 to 499 acres 12, ,551 13,006 3,816,706 3,998.456 2,226,957 271,773,253 500 to 999 acres 12,833 10,183 8,621,5.54 6,730,336 2,060,976 157,105,181 500 to 999 acres 5, lis 6,32! 3,5.35,59! 3.685,027 1.846,602 164,156,673 1,000 acres and over. . 11,123 11,220 64,329,476 88,169,247 2,778,516 516,822,397 1,000 acres and over.. 4,693 4,753 17,289,954 18,091,660 4,995,801 377,663,732 1 Figures tor 1900 inolude Indian Territory. Chapter 11. LIVE STOCK ON FARMS AND ELSEWHERE. Introdnction. — ^This chapter presents in condensed form the main results of the enumeration of live stock in the United States made as of April 15, 1910, giving the statistics by geographic divisions and by states. The census of agriculture deals in general only with farms, but in the case of domestic animals it includes also those not on farms (mainly in cities and villages), although no attempt has been made to collect statis- tics of poultry or bees other than on farms. This chapter presents first the statistics of live stock on farms, and later, in more condensed form, the statis- tics of domestic anijnals not on farms, and concludes with the combined totals for domestic animals on farms and elsewhere. The term "live stock" as used in the censuses of 1910 and 1900 comprises the common farm animals (cattle, horses, mules, asses and burros, swine, sheep, and goats), together with poultry and bees. It is obvious that in the consid-eration of live stock as a whole, no combination of the numbers of the different classes into one total would have any significance. No comparison can be made except on the basis of value. It should be noted, however, that the increase in the aggregate value of live stock from 1900 to 1910 is due chiefly to the increase in the average value per head of the live stock reported, as there has been no great increase in number in any important class, while some classes show a decrease. ALI LIVE STOCK ON FAEMS. Table 7, page 312, presents statistics of the value of live stock on farms at the last two censuses by geo- graphic divisions and states. Data relating to domestic animals not on farms will be found on page 337, and a combination of the figures for all animals both on farms and elsewhere on page 342. The total value of aU live stock on farms in the United States on April 15, 1910, was $4,925,000,000. Of this toti^l, $4,760,000,000, or 96.6 per cent, repre- sented the value of domestic animals. During the decade the value of five stock on farms increased nearly $1,850,000,000, or 60.1 per cent. During the same period the total value of farm property increased 100.5 per cent, the rate of increase in the principal constituent element, the value of land, being 118.1 per cent, or nearly twice as great as for Uve stock. The increase in the value of live stock above noted was shared by every geographic division. Much the largest absolute increases were in the West North Central and the East North Central divisions, though in percentage of increase the Pacific division ranked highest, closely followed by the South Atlantic. Table 1 in the next column gives statistics as to the value of live stock on farms for certain larger sections of the country. The North, as the term is used in this chapter, includes the New England, Middle Atlantic, East North Central, and West North Central divisions; the South includes the South Atlantic, East South Central, and West South Central; and the West, the Mountain and Pacific divisions. The North shows a greater absolute increase in the value of all live stock than the South and the West combined, but the percentage of increase is somewhat lower in that section than in either of the others. Table 1 VAIUE or LIVE STOCK ON PAKMS. Total.i Domestic animals. Poultry. Bees. Tlie Nortli: 1910 $2,975,094,377 1,897,439,200 56.8 $1,325,405,837 810,822,035 63.5 $624,673,396 367,216,468 70.1 $2,863,849,890 1,835,336,173 56.0 $1,284,298,714 782,407,960 64.1 $611,911,489 361,453,463 69.3 $106,311,212 57,123,391 86.1 $37,415,336 24,222,662 54.5 $10,936,672 4,461,865 146.1 $4,893,160 4,876,407 0.3 $3,689,547 4,178,033 -11.7 $1,790,908 1900 Per ct. of increase.. The South: 1910 1900 Per ct. of increase 2. The West: 1910 1900 1,123,647 59.4 Per ct. of increase.. East of the Mississippi: 1910 82,158,965,039 1,332,779,097 62. $2,766,218,571 1,742,698,606 58.7 $2,065,504,011 1,275,186,606 62.0 $2,694,556,082 1,704,010,980 58.1 $87,589,649 51,136,240 71.3 $67,073,671 34,671,578 93.5 $6,865,199 6,392,366 -8.4 $4,618,416. 3, 785, 721 19.4 1900 Per ct. of increase 2. West of the Mississippi: 1910 1900 Per ct. of increase . . 1 Totals include a small amount for the value of special classes of animals (buffa- loes, deer, etc.), not included under "domestic animals." 2 A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease. The next statement shows by percentages the dis- tribution of the United States totals given in Table 7 among the geographic divisions and sections of the country. To aid in interpreting these figures the dis- tribution of the total land in farms and of the total improved land is also shown. The distribution of the value ol live stock corre- sponds in general more closely to the distribution of improved land than to that of all land in farms, the only conspicuous exception being in the Mountain division. The West North Central, East North Cen- tral, and West South Central divisions are the most important from the standpoint of value of live stock. (309) 310 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— AGRICULIURE. The North reported in 1910 three-fifths of the total value of all live stock on farms in the United States, the South somewhat over one-fourth, and the West one-eighth. Table a, PER CENT OF TOTAL FOB THE UNITED STATES. DIVISION OR SECTION. All land In farms. Im- proved land in farms. Value of all live stock. Value of domestic animals. Value of poul- try. Value of bees. 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 100.0 2.0 7.1 19.8 31.5 7.4 7.5 12.0 7.9 4.8 1900 1910 1900 1910 1910 ■United States New England 100.0 i} 13.4 26.5 11.8 9.3 19.3 6.8 5.8 100.0 2.6 5.4 13.9 24.0 12.4 9.7 21.1 5.5 5.7 100.0 1.5 6.1 18.6 34.3 10.1 9.2 12.2 3.3 4.6 100.0 2.0 7.4 20.9 32.7 11.1 9.7 9.6 2.0 4.5 100.0 2.4 8.0 19.7 31.6 6.3 6.9 13.1 7.9 4.0 100.0 1.9 6.9 19.7 31.6 7.4 7.6 12.1 8.1 4.8 100.0 2.4 7.9 19.5 31.8 6.2 6.8 13.2 8.1 4.0 100.0 3.4 11.5 25.3 28.6 8.8 7.7 7.7 3.0 4.1 100.0 1.9 Middle Atlantic East North Central West North Central South Atlantic East South Central West South Central Mountain Paciflc 11.2 17.4 16.7 15.2 10.8 9.6 7.6 9.7 The North The South The West 47.1 40.3 12.6 45.6 43.2 11.2 60.6 31.5 7.9 63.0 30.4 6.6 60.4 26.9 12.7 61.7 26.4 11.9 60.2 27.0 12.9 61.6 26.3 12.1 68.7 24.2 7.1 47.2 35.6 17.3 lEast of the Mississippi . . "West of the Mississippi. . 41.7 58.3 43.8 56.2 45.6 54.4 51.1 48.9 43.8 56.2 43.3 56.7 43.4 56.6 42.8 57.2 66.6 43.4 56.4 43.6 Inasmuch as in each division the value of domestic animals constitutes the greater, part of the value of all live stock, its distribution naturally corresponds closely to that of the total. The distribution of the value of poultry is somewhat different and that of the value of bees decidedly different. The live divisions east of the Mississippi River each reported in 1910 a much larger proportion of the value of the poultry on farms than they did of the value of domestic animals on farms, while the opposite is true of the four divi- sions west of the Mississippi. The following table shows the average value of live stock per farm and per acre of land in farms : Table 3 DIVISION. AVERAGE SIZE OF FARMS (ACRES). VALVE OF LIVE STOCK PEE FARM. VALUE OF UVE STOCK PEE ACRE OF FARM LAND. 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 United States.. 138.1 104.4 92.2 105.0 209.6 93.3 78.2 179.3 324.5 270.3 146. 2 107.1 92.4 102.4 189.5 108.4 89.9 233.8 457.9 334.8 ?774 519 745 869 1,398 330 354 625 2,119 1,242 $530 390 506 532 917 202 236 634 2,406 871 $5.60 4.97 8.08 8.28 6.67 3.53 4.63 3.49 6.63 4.60 $3.67 3.64 Middle Atlantic 6.48 East North Central 5.20 West North Central 4.84 1.86 East South Central 2.63 West South Central Monntnin , , 2.28 5.26 Pacific 2.60 The average value of live stock per farm for the United States as a whole was $774 in 1910. The average per farm was highest in the Mountain, West North Central, and Pacific divisions, which are also divisions in which the average size of farms con- siderably exceeds the average for the United States. In all but one division the average value of live stock per farm was greater in 1910 than in 1900. Largely because of the great decrease in the average size of farms in the Mountain division, however, the average value per farm in that division decreased. The value of live stock per acre of farm land in the United States as reported in 1910 was $5.60. The highest average per acre was in the East North Central division, and the next highest in the Middle Atlantic division. In the three southern divisions the value of live stock per acre is comparatively low. Between 1900 and 1910 the value of live stock per acre increased materially in each geographic division. DOMESTIC AUIMAIS ON FARMS. In comparing the aggregate number and yalue of the several classes of doihestic animals as reported at the censuses of 1910 and 1900, due consideration must be given to the fact that the enumeration of 1900 was as of June 1, while that of 1910 was as of April 15. Had the census of 1910 been taken as of June 1, the number of animals — especially of cattle, swine, and sheep — would have been materially greater than reported, for the reason that a very large number of domestic ani- mals of all kinds are born during the six weeks from April 15 to June 1. As the value per head of these animals would be relatively low, however, an enumera- tion at the later date would not have had the effect of increasing the total value of animals reported in any- thing like the same degree; in other words, the aver- age value per head would have been lower than that based upon the figures reported for April 15. Table 4, on the opposite page, summarizes, for the United States as a whole, the principal facts with reg'ard to the several classes of domestic animals on farms. While there was during the decade 1900-1910 a great increase in the total value of domestic animals, this was due chiefly to the increase in average value per head. The returns show an apparent decrease in the number of cattle, swine, and sheep, and only a comparatively sHght increase in the number of horses. Had both censuses been taken as of June 1, there would probably have been much less decrease in the number of cattle and of sheep, a moderate increase in the number of swine, and a somewhat greater increase in the number of horses and of mules than is shown in Table 4. Horses, mules, and asses and burros together con- tributed more than one-half (55.1 per cent) of the value of domestic animals on farms in 1910, while cattle, which coiitributed almost one-half (49.5 per cent) of the total in 1900, contributed less than one- third (31.5 per cent) in 1910. It is noteworthy that a smaller proportion of aU farmers reported horses in 1910 than in 1900, while a decidedly larger proportion reported mules. Swine LIVE STOCK ON FARMS AND ELSEWHERE. 311 were reported by a smaller percentage of all farmers in 1910 than in 1900, and sheep by not only a smaller percentage, but a smaller absolute number. The pro- portion reporting cattle, however, increased slightly. Table 4 Number of animals (April 15). 1910 (June 1)..1900 Increase i Percent Value of animals . 1910 1900 Increase Percent Per cent of total value of domestic animals 1910 1900 Average value per head 1910 1900 U^umbei of farms reporting .1910 1900 Per cent of all farms 1910 1900 All domestic animals. $4,760,060,093 l»2,979,197,686 81,780,862,507 59.8 100.0 100.0 6,034,783 5,498,417 94.9 95.8 Cattle. 61,803,866 67,719,410 ' -5,915,544 -8.7 $1,499,523,607 $1,475,204,633 $24,318,974 1.6 31.5 49.5 $24.26 $21. 78 5,284,916 4,730,480 83.1 82.4 HORSES, MTn,ES, AND ASSES AND BUEKOS. Total. 24,148,680 21,625,800 2,522,780 11.7 $2,622,180,170 $1,098,546,464 $1,523,633,716 138.7 55.1 36.9 $108. 59 $50. 80 Horses. 19,833,113 18,267,020 1,566,093 8.6 $2,083,588,195 $896,513,217 $1,187,074,978 132.4 43.8 30.1 $105. 06 $49.08 4,692,814 4,530,628 73.8 79.0 Mules. 4,209,769 3,264,615 946, 154 29.0 $525,391,863 $196,222,053 $329,169,810 167.8 11.0 6.6 $124. 80 $60.11 1,869,005 1,480,652 Asses and burros. 106, 698 94, 165 11,633 12.2 $13,200,112 $5,811,184 $7,388,928 127.1 0.3 0.2 $124. 89 $61. 71 43,927 33,584 0.7 0.6 Swine. 68,186,676 62,868,041 -4,682,366 -7.4 $399,338,308 $231,978,031 $167,360,277 72.1 8.4 7.8 $6.86 $3.69 4,351,761 4,335,363 68.4 75.6 Sheep. 62,447,861 61,503,713 -9,055,852 -14.7 $232,841,585 $170,203,119 $62,638,466 4.9 6.7 $4.44 $2.77 610^894 763,518 9.6 13.3 Goafs. 2,915,126 1,870,599 1,044,626 55.8 $6,176,423 $3,285,349 $2,911,074 89.1 0.1 0.1 $2.12 $1.75 82,765 77,516 1.3 1.4 1 A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease. The following statement shows the percentage whic^ the number of each kind of animals in each geographic division or section of the country repre- sents of the total for the United States: Table 5 PER CENT OF TOTAt NUMBER FOB THE UNITED STATES. DIVISION OR SECTION. Cattle. Horses, mules, and asses and burros; Swine. Sheep. Total. Horses. Mules. Asses and burros. Goats. United States... New England Middle Atlantic East North Central .. West North Central.. South Atlantic East South Central.. West South Central.. Monntjfin , 100.0 2.2 6.8 15.9 28.6 7.8 6.4 17.3 9.8 6.2 .100. 1.5 5.3 19.3 31.2 7.7 9.0 15.2 6.2 4.6 100.0 1.8 6.2 22.2 34.3 6.6 6.8 11.8 7.2 5.1 100.0 w 1.2 6.2 17.0 17.8 23.8 30.6 1.2 2.2 100.0 0.1 0.6 5.1 21.1 3.2 14.9 28.2 23.7 3.1 100.0 0.7 3.1 24.9 36.6 10.2 9.3 12.1 1.1 2.0 100.0 0.8 3.5 18.2 9.7 4.-8 4.8 4.2 43.4 10.7 100.0 0.1 0.3 1.2 3.9 7.2 6.8 43.8 26.3 Pacific 11.4 The North 63.5 31.6 15.0 67.3 31.9 10.8 64.4 23.2 12.3 24.5 72.2 3.3 27.0 46.2 26.8 65.2 31.7 3.1 32.2 13.7 54.1 5.6 The South 67.8 The West 36.7 East of the Mississippi Westof the Mississippi 39.1 60.9 42.8 57-2 41.6 58.4 49.1 50.9 24.0 76.0 48.2 51.8 32.1 67.9 15.6 84.4 1 Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. The West North Central division has the largest proportion of any division of the total number in the case of cattle, of horses, mules, and asses and burros combined, and of swine, the Mountain divi- sion much the largest proportion of the sheep, and the West South Central division much the largest propor- tion of the goats. The North has more than half of the total number of cattle and nearly two-thirds of the horses and the swine; but the South has a larger proportion of the mules, asses and burros, and goats than the North or the West ; while the West has more than half of the sheep of the country. The territory west of the Mississippi Eiver contains a larger num- ber of each kind of animals than the territory east of the river. Table 6 shows, for 1910 and 1900, the 10 states leading in the total value of live stock on farms and in the number of the several classes or groups of domestic animals, respectively, the states being ar- ranged in the order of their rank. The wide distribution of most classes of live stock is indicated by the fact that the 10 states which lead in the total value of live stock together report less than one-half of the total for the United States. Texas has been at the last two censuses the leading state with respect to the number of all cattle and the number of horses, mules, and asses and burros considered to- gether. At both censuses New York has led with respect to the number of dairy cows, and Iowa with respect to the number of swine. Wyoming had the largest number of sheep and goats, taken together, in 1910, but Montana had the greatest number in 1900. Table 6 STATES LEADING IN NUMBER Or ANTMALS ON, FARMS. or ALL LIVE STOCK. All cattle. Dairy cows. Horses, mules, and asses and burros. Swine. Sheep and goats. a 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1 Iowa Texas Illinois Missouri. . . Kansas Nebraska. . Ohio New York. Indiana Minnesota.. Texas Iowa Kansas Nebraska. . Wisconsin.. Missouri — Illinois New York. Minnesota.. California. . Texas Iowa Kansas Oklahoma . Nebraska. . Illinois Missouri . . . New York. Wisconsin.. Ohio New York... Wisconsin.... New York. . . Iowa Illinois Wiscoasin.... Pennsylvania Texas Ohio Texas Illinois Iowa Missouri. . . Kansas Nebraska. . Oklahoma . Ohio Indiana.... Minnesota. . Texas Illinois Iowa Missouri. . Kansas.... Ohio Nebraska . Indiana... Minnesota. Kentucky. Iowa Illinois--.. Missouri. . Indiana... Nebraska . Ohio Kansas.... Texas Oklahoma Wisconsin. Iowa Illinois Missouri.. Nebraska . Indiana. . . Kansas.... Ohio Texas Wisconsin Tennessee. Wyoming. . . Montana Ohio New Mexico Idaho Texas Oregon California... Michigan Missouri 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Texas lUinois Kansas Missouri Nebraska Ohio New Mexico. Wyoming. Ohio. Utah. Oregon. Minnesota.... Illinois Texas Pennsylvania New York... Indiana Pennsylvania Mis'^ouri Minnesota.... Kansas Michigan. California. Texas. Missouri Michigan 312 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. LIVE STOCK ON FARMS— VALUE OP THE SEVERAL CLASSES, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES: 1910 AND 1900. [A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease.] Table 7 DIVISION OE STATE. TTnlted States . . . Geographic divisions: New England Middle Atlantic East North Central. West North Central, South Atlantic East South Central. West South Central. Mountain Pacific New England: Maine ..■ New Hampshire Vermont Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut Middle Atlantic: New York New Jersey Pennsylvania East Nobth Central: Ohio Indiana Ulinois Michigan Wisconsin West Noeth Central: Miimesota Iowa Missouri. North Dakota South DaJiOta Nebraska Kansas South Atlantic: Delaware Maryland District of Columbia Virginia West Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Florida East South Central: Kentucky Tennessee Alabama Mississippi West South Central: Arkansas Louisiana Oklahoma Texas Mountain: Montana Idaho Wyoming Colorado New Mexico Arizona Utah Nevada PAcmc: Washington Oregon California ALL LIVE STOCK.l ISIO $4,935,173,610 97,896,823 349,159,535 976,329,922 1,551,708,097 366,534,162 369,034,607 589,837,078 388,746,520 235,926,876 25,161,839 11,910,478 22,642,766 20,741,366 3,276,472 14,163,902 183,090,844 24,588,639 141,480,052 197,332,112 173,860,101 308,804,431 137,803,796 158,529,483 161,641,146 393,003,196 286,839,108 108,249,866 127,229,200 ■222,222,004 253,523,577 6,817,123 32,570,134 152,840 74,891,438 43,336,073 62,649,984 45,131,380 80,393,993 20,691,187 117,480,602 110,706,078 65,594,834 76,247,033 74,058,292 44,699,485 152,432,792 318,640,509 85,663,187 49,775,309 65,605,510 70,161,344 43,494,679 26,050,870 28,781,691 19,213,930 48,865,110 59,461,828 127,599,938 53,075,477,703 74,826,332 245,635,618 604,633,707 972,343,643 194,362,808 213,320,732 403,138,495 243,836,888 123,379,680 17,106,034 10,554,646 17,841,317 16,798,464 2,593,659 10,932,212 126,583,715 17,612,620 102,439,183 125,954,616 109,650,761 193,768,037 79,042,644 96,327,649 89,063,097 ■278,830,096 160,540,004 42,430,491 66,173,432 145,349,587 190,966,936 4,111,054 20,866,877 125,326 42,020,737 30,571,259 30, 106, 173 20,199,869 35,200,507 11,166,016 73,739,106 60,818,606 36,105,799 42,657,222 37,483,771 28,869,506 2 90,208,263 240,676,955 52,161,833 21,657,974 39,145,877 49,964,311 31,727,400 15,615,087 21,474,241 12,169,666 22,159,207 33,917,048 67,303,325 Percent of in- crease. 60.1 30.8 42.1 61.5 73.0 46.3 69.4 91.2 47.1 12.8 26.9 31.3 26.3 29.6 45.8 39.6 38.1 66.7 68.7 59.4 74.3 64.6 81.6 40.9 78.0 156.1 95.2 62.9 32.8 66.8 66.2 22.0 78.2 41.8 108.1 123.4 128.4 84.4 59.3 82.0 81.7 76.4 97.6 54.8 58.4 32.6 64.2 129.8 67.6 40.5 37.1 67.6 34.0 67.9 120.6 76.3 89.6 DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 1910 $4,760,060,093 92,462,323 330,213,413 935,456,253 1,605,717,901 351,328,068 356,043,964 576,926,692 383,272,141 228,639,348 23,989,661 11,237,764 21,990,630 19,208,712 2,902,316 13,133,340 174,560,668 22,325,469 133,327,286 187,623,324 165,867,178 296,619,163 131,746,348 163,700,250 166,771,855 380,201,686 273,366,662 106,761,317 124,841,010 217,849,050 245,926,421 6,243,368 30,649,961 145,573 71,192,843 41,318,436 60,050,731 43,790,143 78,118,098 19,818,905 112,605,412 100,608,122 63,574,674 73,266,766 71,794,486 43,314,683 148,662,983 313,164,540 84,999,669 49,076,971 66,384,559 68,840,486 43,191,913 24,376,630 28,330,215 19,071,809 47,370,775 58,243,921 123,024,662 1900 $2,979,197,686 70,994,088 234,366,768 581,889,163 948,086,154 184,162,273 203,784,314 394,471,373 241,842,846 119,610,608 16,298,422 10,062,877 17,373,169 14,730,169 2,281,817 10,247,634 120,673,101 16,269,548 97,424,119 120,466,134 106,048,628 186,856,020 75,997,051 93,521,430 86,620,643 271,844,034 154,295,363 41,951,659 64,287,678 142,769,629 186,317,248 3,733,336 19,636,844 122,019 39,831,652 29,231,832 28,242,147 19,167,229 33,499,683 10,687,632 70,488,187 68,043,896 34,408,932 40,843,300 35,739,425 27,767,301 2 94,746,713 236,227,934 51,724,113 21,389,853 39,080,158 49,359,781 31,644,179 16,376,286 21,176,867 12,093,608 21,437,628 33,172,342 65,000,738 Percent of in- crease. 59.8 30.2 40.9 60.8 68.8 90.8 74.7 46.3 58.5 91.1 47.2 11.7 26.6 30.4 27.2 28.2 44.7 37.2 36.9 66.7 57.9 58.7 73.4 64.3 81.0 39.9 77.2 154.5 94.2 52.6 32.0 67.2 56.1 19.3 78.7 41.3 112.6 128.5 133.2 85.4 59.8 83.7 84.8 79.4 100.9 56.0 56.9 32.6 64.3 129.4 67.3 39.6 36.6 58.5 33.8 67.7 121.0 76.6 89.3 $164,663,220 1910 5,238,461 17,775,385 39,070,998 44,226,368 13,631,507 11,873,198 11,910,631 4,666,963 6,279,709 1,131,921 649, 121 607,787 1,492,961 368,018 988,653 7,879,388 2,221,610 7,674,387 9,532,672 7,762,015 11,696,650 5,610,958 4,468,703 4,646,960 12,269,881 11,870,972 1,486,463 2,356,466 4,219,158 7,377,469 560,146 1,858,570 6,477 3,395,962 1,628,700 2,212,670 1,200,615 2,088,653 673,814 4,461,871 3,767,337 1,807,239 1,846,751 2,063,432 1,326,614 3,713,943 4,806,642 628,436 598, 190 194,078 1,012,261 266,466 1,646,966 327,908 93,668 1,367,440 1,067,743 3,844,626 1900 $85,807,818 3,611,668 10,096,094 20,819,906 22,596,723 8,545,899 8,063,673 7,612,990 1,362,014 3,099,851 756, 163 467, 104 421, 195 1,018,119 305,047 644,050 4,310,765 1,300,863 4,483,486 5,086,921 4,222,409 6,415,033 2,685,829 2,410,714 2,274,649 6,535,464 6,720,369 477,368 856,966 2,374,930 4,356,997 367,475 1,168,020 3,108 1,886,768 963,805 1,434,158 889,953 1,458,055 394,567 2,723,221 2,275,864 1,409,269 1,655,319 1,540,006 1,057,889 2 1,416,127 3,598,968 296,806 203,127 60,397 393,219 62,419 103,298 186,922 55,826 614,838 582,624 1,902,489 Pei'cent of in- crease. 80.2 45.0 76.1 87.7 96.7 59.5 47.2 56.6 241.9 102.6 49.7 39.0 44.3 46.6 20.6 63.5 82.8 70.8 71.2 87.4 83.8 82.3 108.9 85.4 104.3 87.7 107.6 211.2 176.0 77.7 69.3 56.7 00.5 108.4 80.0 69.0 54.3 35.6 43.3 70.8 63.8 66.1 28.2 11.6 34.0 25.4 162.3 33.6 111.7 194.6 221.3 157.4 310.9 1,396.7 75.4 67.8 122.4 83.3 102.1 $10,373,616 1910 $10,178,087 196,959 1,166,587 1,800,931 1,729,683 1,574,577 1, 117, 146 997,826 784,056 1,006,852 40,357 23,593 44,349 39,683 6,138 41,839 646,848 41,560 478, 179 276,726 230,478 487,733 446,464 360,530 221,781 617,329 684,549 3,086 31,650 152,676 218,612 13,609 61,603 790 302,623 388,937 386,683 134,622 187,242 98,468 419,379 340,619 212,921 144,226 200,049 68,188 64,261 675,327 32, 112 100, 148 20,493 308,608 46,300 104,374 123,668 48,463 126,895 150, 164 729,793 1906 206, 151 1,164,581 1,897,163 1,608,512 1,664,636 1,459,835 1,053,662 492,639 631,108 51,459 24, 666 46,963 36,761 6,796 40,528 593,784 39,219 631,678 402,561 278,864 486, 164 362,469 377, 105 167,280 443,923 508,217 1,474 10,088 199,663 277,967 20,244 61,013 199 308,417 375,622 429,868 142,677 242,769 83,827 527,098 486,636 287,598 158,603 204,340 54,316 2 46,423 749,483 8,139 64,994 6,322 195,096 20,882 66,603 111,452 20, 131 106,841 160,382 363,885 Percent of in- crease. L9 -4.9 0.2 -5.1 7.5 -5.4 -23.5 -6.3 69.2 59.6 -21.6 -4.3 -6.5 ILO -9.7 3.2 6.0 -10.0 -3L6 -17.4 0.3 26.7 -4.4 32.6 16.5 15.0 109.4 213.7 -23.6 -21.4 -32.8 1.0 297.0 -1.9 3.5 -10.0 -6.6 -22.9 17.5 -2a 4 -30.0 -26.0 -9.1 -2.1 7.1 41.5 -9.9 294.5 541 285.1 68.2 122.6 66.7 ia9 140.7 18.8 -6.4 100.fi 1 Totals Include a small amount for the value of special classes of animals (buffaloes, deer, etc.) not Included under " domestic animals." 2 includes Indian Territory. LIVE STOCK ON FARMS AND ELSEWHERE. 313 CATTLE ON United States as a whole. — Comparisons between the censuses of 1910 and 1900 with reference to the statistics of cattle are rendered difl&cult, not only by the change in the date of enumeration, already men- tioned, but by changes in the definitions of the sev- eral classes of cattle which seemed necessary in view of the change in the date of enumeration.^ The tabular statement below shows the exact desig- FABMS. nations of the various classes as they appeared upon the schedules for the two censuses, and the number reported in each class. The age limits, expressed in months, which correspond to the dates specified in 1910, and the limits, expressed in date of birth, which correspond to the ages specified in 1900, are also stated. For purposes of comparison it is necessary to combine all steers and bulls at both censuses. Table 8 1910 (Apbil 15). 1900 (June 1). CLASSES roi COMPAKISON Class as defined in Corre- sponding age limits. Number. Class as defined tn schedule. Corresponding limits of date of burth. Number. Designation in comparative tables. Number. Nominal increase.' schedule. 1910 1900 Number. Per cent. Total 61,803,866 Total 67,719,410 Total Dairy cows Other cows Heifers .. . 61,803,866 67,719,410 -6,916,544 8.7 Over 151 months. Over 16i months. 3i to 151 months. Over 151 months. 3i to 151 months. Under 31 months. Cows kept lor milk 2 years old and over. Cows and hellers not kept for milk 2 years old and over. Hellers 1 and un- der 2 years. fBulls 1 year and over. Steers 2 years and I over. Steers 1 and under 2 years. Calves under 1 year. Before June 1, 1898. Before June 1, 1898. June 1, 1898, to June 1, 1899. Before June 1, 1899. Before June 1, 1898. June 1, 1898, to June 1, 1899. June 1, 1899, to June 1, 1900. Cows and heifers kept for milk bom before Jan. 1, 1909. Cows and hellers not kept for milk bom before Jan. 1, 1909. Heifers bom in 1909 20,625,432 12,023,682 7,295,880 \ 7,598,258 5,450,289 7,806,-539 17,135,633 11,569,194 7,174,483 1,315,132 8,266,273 6,953,113 15,315,582 20,625,432 12,023,682 7,295,880 13,048,547 7,806,539 17,135,633 11,559,194 7,174,483 16,534,518 15,315,582 3,489,799 464,488 121,397 -3,485,971 -7,509,043 20.4 4.0 1.7 Steers and bulls bom be- fore Jan. 1, 1909. Steers and bulls bom in 1909. ■Steers and bulls . -21.1 -49.0 1910. 1 A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease. With respect to the total number of cattle, the com- parability of the returns is affected only by the change in the date of enumeration from June 1 at the Twelfth Census to April 15 at the Thirteenth Census. The period of six weeks between April 15 and June 1 is, however, one in which an exceedingly large number of calves are born. There were at least as many cows to produce calves in 1910 as in 1900 (probably some- what more), so that presumably had the enumeration of 1910 been made as of June 1 there would have been at least as many calves less than 1 year old as there were in 1900, namely, 15,316,000. Much the greater part of these would have consisted of calves born between January 1 and June 1, 1910, as many more calves are born during the first five months of the year than during the last seven months, and, more- over, of those born in the later months of the year a much larger proportion would be slaughtered by June 1. It is reasonable to suppose, therefore, that had the 'At the census of 1900 the ages of cattle, as well as of other domestic animals, were stated in years — for example, less than 1 year old, 1 to 2 years, 2 years and over. This method of reporting prob- ably gave reasonably" accurate results when the date of enu- meration was June 1, but had it been employed when the date of enumeration was April 15 the results would have been unsatis- factory. That date is in the very middle of the period when the freater nftmber of animals are born. Farmers of course do not eep accurate records of the ages of their animals, and many would have found it impossible to state on April 15, 1910, which animals were under or over 1 year or 2 years of age. Moreover, a clas- sification which would divide a group of animals bom during the same spring and put some in one class and some in another would obviously be unsatisfactory. It was therefore considered necessary at the census of 1910 to base the classification of age upon calendar years, calling for all animals bom after, during, or before the year 1909, respectively. This involved radical changes in the age limits of some of the groups, as compared with those employed in 1900. enumeration of 1910 been made as of June 1, there would have been twelve or thirteen million calves reported as born during 1910, or five or six million more than were actually reported on April 15 as bom during that year (7,807,000). On the other hand, a certain number — probably one or two milUon — of the older cattle would have been slaughtered or otherwise eliminated between April 15 and June 1, so that the net addition to the total number of cattle on June 1 would have been perhaps four or five million. Instead, therefore, of a decrease in the total number of cattle from 67,719,000 on June 1, 1900, to 61,804,000 on April 15, 1910 (a decrease of 5,916,000, or 8.7 per cent), there would probably have been a decrease of not more than three million, and possibly not over one million, had the enumeration of 1910 been made as of June 1. Even a comparatively small decrease in the number of cattle, however, is significant when considered in connection with the increase of 21 per cent in population during the decade. The number of dairy cows reported in 1910 was 20,625,000, and the number reported in 1900 was 17,136,000, so that there was a nominal increase of 20.4 per cent. The number of dairy cows, however, as reported at the census of 1910, includes all born prior to January 1, 1909, or, in other words, all over 15^ months old, while the class in 1900 included only those 2 years of age or over. It would be necessary, in order to make the 1910 figures exactly comparable with the 1900 figures, first, to subtract from the number of cows reported on April 15, 1910, the number of those cows which were born between June 1, 1908, and January 1, 1909, since these would have been counted as heif- 314 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. ers if the age classification had been the same as at the census of 1900; and, second, to subtract also the num- ber of such cows slaughtered or otherwise eliminated between April 15 and June 1, 1910. Neither of these deductions would be large, and it is certain that, after making all necessary allowances, there was a very considerable increase in the number of dairy cows. Cpws and heifers not kept for milk increased nomi- nally by 4 per cent during the decade, but in the absence of any change in the date of enumeration or the method of classification, some little decrease would possibly have appeared in this group. The number of animals classed as steers and bulls declined from 16,535,000 in 1900 to 13,049,000 in 1910, or 21.1 per cent, and had there been no change in the date of enumeration or method of classification the decMne would have been even greater. The number of heifers at the two censuses is approxi- mately comparable, since in each case it includes the animals born during a 12-month period. This class shows very little change in numbers between the two censuses. Taken as a whole, the census returns show that the dairy industry is increasing in importance, whUe the business of raisirg cattle for slaughter is declining. Table 9 shows, for 1910 and 1900, the value of the principal classes of cattle, as well as the number of farms reporting each class in 1910. There was a very considerable increase in the total value of dairy cows, but a decrease in the value of all the other classes shown in the table. TaMe 9 1910— Number . . . Value Average value.. Fannsreporfg- Per cent of all farms 1900— Number . . Value Average value. All cattle (including calves). 161,803,866 ?1,499,523,607 24.26 5,284,916 83.1 67,719,410 $1,476,204,633 121.78 Dairy cows. 20,625,432 $706,236,307 $34.24 5,140,869 80.8 17,135,633 $508,616,501 $29.68 other cows. 12,023,682 $269, 160, 193 $22.39 1,444,733 22.7 11,559,194 $271,302,682 $23.47 Heifers. 7,295,880 $103,194,026 $14. 14 2,374,507 37.3 7,174,483 $121,628,076 $16.94 Steers and bulls. 13,048,647 $347,901,174 $26.66 16,534,518 $436,467,373 $26.40 1 Includes 1,003,786 unclassified cattle, valued at $21,031,774. Divisions and states. — Table 14 (pages 316 and 317) shows, for each geographic division and each state, the number and value of the several classes of cattle on farms at the last two censuses. Table 10 below shows the percentage distribution of .each class among the divisions and sections, and also the average number of all cattle (excluding calves) and of dairy cows per 1,000 acres of land in farms and of improved farm land. The distribution of calves is not shown, because the difference in climate so affects the relative number of calves born before April 15 in the different divisions that such a distribution would not represent normal conditions. Table lO PEE CENT OF TOTAL NUMBEB IN THE UNITED STATES. AVERAGE NTTMBEB PER 1,000 ACRES OF ALL LAND IN FARMS. AVERAGE NUMBER PER 1,000 ACRES OP IM- PROVED LAND ZS FARMS. DIVISION OB SECTION. AU cattle. All cattle (excluding calves). Dairy cows. Other cows. Heifers. Steers and bulls. AU cattle (excluding calves). Dairy cows. AU cattle (excludmg calves). Dairy cows. 1910 ! 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 United States 100.0 2.2 6.8 15.9 28.6 7.8 6.4 17.3 9.8 5.2 100.0 2.4 7.0 16.6 29.7 6.5 5.4 21.0 8.7 3.8 100.0 2.2 6.5 15.5 28.4 7.9 6.4 17.5 10.4 5.2 100.0 2.5 7.2 15.1 29.4 6.7 5.2 21.2 9.1 3.7 100.0 4.1 12.6 23.4 25.8 8.8 7.9 10.9 2.5 4.0 100.0 5.2 16.2 23.1 26.4 8.1 7.4 9.5 1.9 3.1 100.0 0.8 2.1 7.0 23.8 7.6 4.2 25.8 21.6 7.1 100.0 0.6 1.3 4.5 23.9 5.6 2.3 37.6 19.6 4.7 100.0 1.9 5.8 17.5 30.1 7.5 7.3 16.9 9.2 4.8 100.0 2.9 8.1 16.4 29.9 6.0 5.2 18.8 8.8 3.8 100.0 0.7 2.0 10.9 37.6 6.7 6.0 19.4 11.6 6.2 100.0 0.9 2.6 13.6 36.2 6.2 6.0 22.7 9.4 3.5 61 69 82 71 66 41 42 66 95 55 63 64 84 68 77 34 34 63 103 41 23 43 60 41 23 17 20 13 9 16 20 43 58 34 23 13 16 9 7 11 113 161 120 94 93 88 79 162 354 127 126 162 122 91 114 76 68 279 667 103 43 116 89 54 32 37 37 39 32 38 41 110 Middle Atlantic 85 East North Central West North Central 46 33 30 East South Central West South Central 31 41 39 Pacific 29 The North 63.5 31.6 15.0 54.6 32.9 12.5 52.6 31.8 16.6 64.2 33.0 12.8 65.9 27.6 6.5 70.0 25.0 5.1 33.7 37.6 28.7 30.3 46.6 24.2 55.3 30.7 14.0 67.4 30.8 12.6 51.1 32.1 16.8 53.1 34.0 12.9 69 48 76 74 48 71 33 16 12 31 12 9 98 114 222 109 137 247 47 38 35 46 The South.'. 34 The West 32 East of the Mississippi West of the Mississippi 39.1 60.9 36.9 63.1 38.5 61.6 36.6 63.4 56.8 43.2 59.0 41.0 21.7 78.3 14.3 86.7 40.0 60.0 38.7 61.3 26.2 73.8 28.2 71.8 67 65 62 71 32 17 28 15 95 128 91 164 54 34 48 35 The West North Central division ranked first in number of all cattle (excluding calves) in 1910, with 28.4 per cent of the total number, followed by the -West South Central, with 17.5 per cent, and the East North Central, with 15.5 per cent. The distribution of dairy cows was somewhat dififer- ent from that of the other classes of cattle. The West North Central division ranked first, reporting 25.8 per cent of the total number in 1910, but was very closely followed by the East North Central. The Middle Atlantic and West South Central divisions ranked third and fourth. In the North were found 52.6 per cent of the total number of cattle (excluding calves) in 1910, and 65.9 per cent of the dairy cows; in the South, 31.8 per cent and 27.6 per cent, respectively; and in the West, 15.6 per cent of the total number of cattle (excluding calves), but only 6.5 per cent of the dairy caws. The average number of all cattle (excluding calves) per 1,000 acres of land in farms was highest in the Mountain division, 95, the Middle Atlantic division following closely, with 82, while the South Atlantic division shows the lowest average, 41. This average is exaggerated in the Mountain division, where con- siderable tracts used for grazing are not reported as in farms. The divisions ranked very differently, how- ever, with respect to the average number of dairy cows per 1,000 acres. LIVE STOCK ON FARMS AND ELSEWHERE. 315 The following statement, based on Table 14, shows the increase or decrease in the number of each class of cattle between June 1, 1900, and April 15, 1910. The figures of the two censuses for all cattle (excluding calves) are somewhat more nearly comparable than those for all cattle, but are not exactly comparable, the figures for 1910 being relatively somewhat too high (see below). Table 11 INCKEASE IN NUMBEK, JUNE 1, 1900, TO APEIL 15, 1910.1 DIVISION OK SECTION. All cattle. All cattle (excluding calves). Dairy covps. Other cows. Heifers. Calves. Steers and buils. Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. Number. .Per cent. Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. United States.... New England . -6,916,644 -270,066 -500,699 -713, 217 -2,441,385 407, 571 274,006 -3,481,130 144,826 664,650 -8.7 -16.8 -10.6 -6.8 -12.2 9.2 7.5 -24.5 2.4 26.2 1,693,499 -148,016 -234,470 482, 170 -96,683 773,811 730,249 -1,645,648 865,778 866,208 3.0 -11.2 -6.2 6.1 -0.6 22.2 26.7 -14.8 18.2 ■ 44.7 3,489,799 -61,780 -5, 136 867,046 799,803 427,436 363,779 614,699 184,862 289,191 20.4 -5.8 -0.2 21.9 17.7 30.9 28.8 37.6 66.1 53.9 464,488 34,940 97,327 ■ 317,991 99,197 268,026 ■ 242,740 -1,245,669 343,362 306,584 4.0 62.4 62.7 61.2 3.6 41.7 92.1 -28.6 16.3 66.2 121,397 -69.366 -164,030 99,301 48,477 112,667 160,718 -189, 105 40,198 82,647 1.7 -33.2 -28.1 8.4 2.3 26.0 43.2 «14.0 6.4 30.6 -7,609,043 -122,049 -266,229 -1,195,387 -2,344,702 -366,240 -456,244 -1,83.5,582 -720,952 -201,658 -49.0 -42,1 -27.5 -45.2 -50.2 -38.9 -48.6 -59.0 -62.5 -33.4 -3,485,971 -61,810 -162,631 -802,168 -1,079,305 -163,661 -47,420 -1,224,413 -42,761 98,188 -21.1 -41.9 Middle Atlantic East North Central.... West North Central. . . South Atlantic East South Central West South Central . . . -38.5 -36.0 -18.0 -15.9 -5.7 -32.6 -2.8 Pacific 16.8 The North -3,92.5,366 -2,799,554 809,376 -10.6 -12.6 9.6 3,001 -141,488 1,731,986 -0.8 26.9 1,609,933 1,405,813 474,053 13.4 32.8 64.7 649,455 -734,903 649,936 15.7 -14.0 23.2 -86,618 84,270 122,746 -2.1 3.9 13.6 -3,928,367 -2,658,066 -922, 610 -45.8 -53.3 -62.6 -2,105,914 -1,435,494 55,437 -24.0 The South . -25.5 The West 2.6 East of the Mississippi. West of the Mississippi. -802,405 -5,113,139 -3.2 -12.0 1,603,744 -10,245 8.4 1,601,344 1,888,455 15.8 26.9 961,024 -496,536 68.3 -6.0 139,280 -17,883 5.0 -0.4 -2,406,149 -5,102,894 -41.6 -53.5 -1,237,690 -2,248,281 -26.6 -18.9 * A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease. The total number of cattle (excluding calves) in- creased in the East North Central, South Atlantic, East South Central, Mountain, and Pacific divisions, but decreased in the other four divisions. Table IS AVERAGE VALTTE PEK HEAI . DIVISION. All cattle. All cat- tle (ex- cluding calves). Dairy cows. Other cows. Heifers. Calves. Steers and bulls. United States: 1910 $24.26 21.78 $26. 81 26.63 $34.24 29.68 $22.39 23.47 $14.14 16.94 $6.66 8.96 $28. 66 1900 26.40 New England: 1910 31.60 24.21 32.77 23.87 27.70 23.23 26.48 25.30 18.50 14.97 19.13 16.97 18.96 17.68 24.13 22.56 25.76 22.64 36.29 28.04 37.96 28.28 31.28 28.21 28.32 29.69 20.22 17.62 21.02 20.58 20.66 20.20 25.36 26.35 28.44 26.87 39.60 31.52 43.25 32.15 37.12 31.36 33.25 31.64 26.39 21.97 26.97 24.19 26.30 23.03 39.69 35.77 39.81 35,22 23.37 23.63 25.63 24.80 26.66 29.41 26.81 29.68 13.32 11.42 15.60 17.70 18.61 19.96 23.89 24.72 25.17 25.73 15.03 14.82 18.83 15.97 15.78 18.28 14.94 19.97 10.31 10.62 10.06 12.70 11.70 13.96 16.36 18.61 16.66 18.01 5.98 6.82 6.66 6.74 7.00 8.39 6.72 10.78 6.74 6.61 5.61 6.47 6.43 8.71 8.30 11.04 7.06 8.66 40.02 1900 27.72 Middle Atlantic: 1910 31.25 1900 22.74 East North Central: 1910 28.11 1900 27.62 West North Central: 1910 29.82 1900 31.71 South Atlantic: 1910 22.16 1900 18.23 East South Central: 1910 19.74 1900 19.53 West South Central: 1910 22.13 1900 21.48 Mountain: 1910 27.41 1900 26.83 Pacific: 1910 26.43 1900 24.36 2 Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. The number of dairy cows increased in all of the divisions except the New England and Middle Atlantic. There was a decrease in steers and buUs in every division except the Pacific, but, on the other hand, cows not kept for dairy purposes increased in every division except the West South Central, and heifers increased in all but three of the divisions. Table 12 shows the average value of each class of cattle in 1910 and 1900. The average value of aU cattle on farms and ranges was $24.26 in 1910, as compared with $21.78 in 1900. Had the census of 1910 been taken as of June 1, how- ever, after more spring calves had been born, the average value of the cattle reported would have been somewhat lower than on April 15. The changes in the average value of most of the specified classes of cattle appear to be due mainly to changes in the age Umits. The average value of dairy cows, however, increased from $29.68 to $34.24, though the minimum age limit was somewhat lower in 1910 than in 1900. Table 13, below, gives the number of aU cattle on farms (excluding calves) and the number of dairy cows, by geographic divisions, for the censuses of 1910, 1900, 1890, and 1880. The data for each census except that of 1910 were collected as of the same date and on the same basis of classification. ■Table 13 ALL CATTLE (EXCLUDING CALVES). DAIEY COWS. DIVISION. 1910 1900 1890 1880 1910 1900 1890 1880 63,997,327 1,168,528 3,530,602 8,369,644 15,325,303 4,264,112 3,460,270 9,447,815 5, 627, 878 2, 803, 175 62,403,828 1,316,644 3,765,072 7,887,474 15,421,986 3,490,301 2,730,021 11,093,363 4,762,100 1,936,967 167,648,792 1,411,852 4,049,872 9,033,132 115,668,301 3, 890, 107 3,822,184 "10,677,962 16,811,182 12,384,200 "39,675,533 1,503,452 4,293,844 7,629,040 1 8, 205, 181 13,951,728 3,095,993 "6,619,740 "2,765,312 " 1,611,243 20, 625, 432 841, 698 2,697,662 4,829,527 5, 327, 606 1,810,764 1,628,061 2,249,563 514,466 826,115 17,136,633 893,478 2,602,788 3,962,481 4,527,803 1,383,319 1,264,282 1,634,954 329,604 536,924 16,611,950 822,001 2,529,060 3,752,237 4,488,762 1,369,466 1,312,074 1,517,683 218,689 602,078 12,443,120 746, 656 2,444,089 2,990,852 2,411,229 1,280,761 1,146,403 1,002,037 124,844 297.249 1 Includes estimated number of cattle on public ranges. 316 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. CATTLE ON FARMS— NUMBER AND VALUE, BY AGE AND [See text with reference to date of enumeration and change in classification.] Table 14 DITKION OB STATE. TJnited States . . Geographic dfv.: New England. . . Middle Atlantic. E. North Central. W. North Central South Atlantic. E. South Central. W. South Central Mountain Pacific New England: Maine New Hampshire. Vermont Massachusetts... Rhode Island Connecticut Middle Atlantic: New York New Jersey Pennsylvania E. Noeth Central: Ohio Indiana UUnois Michigan* Wisconsin W. North Cektbal: Minnesota Iowa Missouri North Dakota. - - South Dakota... Nebraska Kansas South Atlantic: Delaware Maryland Dist.of Columbia. Virginia West Virginia... North Carolina.. South Carolina. . Georgia Florida E. South Central: Kentucky Tennessee Alabama Mississippi W. South Central: Arkansas Louisiana Oklahoma Texas Mountain; Montana Idaho Wyoming Colorado New Mexico Arizona Utah Nevada Pacific; Washington Oregon California ALL cattle. Number. 1910 161,803,866 1,336,550 4,232,521 9,819,097 117,647,714 14,839,321 13,942,526 110,721,012 16,060,725 13,204,400 256,523 167, 831 430,314 252,416 34, 148 195,318 2,423,003 222,999 1,586,619 1,837,607 1,363,016 2,440,577 1,497,823 2,680,074 2,347,435 4,448,006 2,561,482 743,762 11,535,276 12,932,350 13,079,403 54,986 287,751 982 1869,067 620,288 1 700,861 1389,882 11,080,316 1845,188 1,000,937 1996,629 1932,428 11,012,632 11,028,071 1804,795 11,953,660 16,934,686 1943,147 1 453,807 1 767, 427 11,127,737 11,081,663 1824,929 1412,334 1449,681 1 402, 120 1725,265 1 2,077,025 1900 67,719,410 '$1,499,623,607 1,606,615 4,733,220 10,532,314 20,089,099 4,431,750 3,668,521 14,202,142 5,915,899 2,539,850- 338,847 226,792 501,940 285,944 36,034 217,058 2,696,389 239,984 1,896,847 2,053,313 1,684,478 3,104,010 1,376,408 2,314,105 1,871,326 5,367,630 2,978,589 657,434 1,546,800 3,176,243 4,491,078 54, 180 292,646 1,462 826,612 639,782 624,618 342,898 899,491 751,261 1,083,248 912,183 799, 734 873,356 894,635 670,295 2 3,209,116 9,428,196 968,387 363,534 687,284 1,433,318 991,869 742,635 343,690 385,192 394,923 700,303 1,444,624 Value. 1910 42,240,849 138,685,253 271,944,120 1449,654,307 ■89,539,532 175,401,279 1203,239,500 1146,269,549 182,549,218 7,784,384 5,240,122 11,828,892 9,348,076 1,309,088 6,730,287 83,062,242 8,393,117 47,229,894 51,403,341 39,110,492 73,454,746 40,500,318 67,475,224 50,306,372 118,864,139 72,883,664 17,711,398 136,257,234 173,074,057 180,557,443 1,648,333 7,869,526 75,305 121,124,071 15,860,764 112,550,054 17,088,259 114,060,958 19,262,262 25,971,571 120,690,718 113,469,626 115,269,364 116,460,666 111,605,354 143,187,601 1132,985,879 127,474,122 HI, 330, 639 122,697,387 131,017,303 120,409,965 114,624,708 18,948,702 19,766,723 112,193,465 117,570,685 152,786,068 1900 $1,476,204,633 38,901,949 112,997,472 244,710,351 508,193,536 66,321,262 62,253,269 251,117,313 133,449,400 57,260,081 7,685,545 5,546,630 10,528,795 8,130,917 1,165,797 5,944,265 62,736,174 7,199,107 43,063,191 46,660,246 40,964,524 82,170,907 28,165,256 46,849,418 36,248,968 142,518,902 75,656,807 15,810,637 37,847,933 82,469,498 117,640,801 1,340,885 6,853,121 54,471 16,838,847 14,058,427 7,667,950 4,334,714 8,828,498 6,344,349 24,987,741 15,401,051 9,793,556 12,070,921 11,885,627 8,580,996 = 67,421,786 163,228,904 25,362,016 8,389,954 19,393,191 35,632,738 17,977,931 11,367,466 7,152,844 8,273,260 9,440,038 15,164,897 32,655,146 DAIRY cows. Number. 1910 20,625,432 841,698 2,597,652 4,829,527 5,327,606 1,810,754 1,628,061 2,249,553 614,466 826, 115 893,478 2,602,788 3,962,481 4,527,803 1,383,319 1,264,282 1,634,954 329,604 536,924 166,819 101,278 265,483 171,936 23,329 122,853 1,609,594 154,418 933,640 905,125 633,591 1,050,223 767,083 1,473,506 1,085,388 1,406,792 856,430 259, 173 369, 764 613,952 736,107 35,708 166,859 857 356,284 239,539 308,914 180,842 405,710 116,041 409,834 397, 104 391,536 429,587 425,793 279,097 530, 796 1,013,867 77,527 86,299 32,699 144, 734 51,451 28,862 75,810 17,084 186,233 172,550 467,332 1900 17,135,633 $706,236,307 33,333,262 112, .358, 529 179,274,884 177,116,363 47,779,085 43,901,866 59,165,683 20,418,519 32,888,226 173,592 115,036 270, 194 184,562 23,660 126,434 1,501,608 157,407 943,773 818,239 574,276 1,007,664 563,905 998,397 753,632 1,423,648 765,386 125,503 270,634 512,544 676,456 32,591 147,284 1,251 281,876 205,601 233,178 126,684 276,024 78,830 364,025 321,676 279,263 299,318 312,577 184,815 2 276,5.39 861,023 45,036 51,929 18,272 100,116 16,775 17,965 65,906 13,606 107,232 122,447 307,245 Value. 1910 $508,616,601 5,874,228 3,916,441 9,527,660 7,816,701 1,089,074 5,110,158 69,110,608 7,141,572 36, 106,349 33,963,472 23,898,428 41,189,997 29,312,252 60,910,735 33,276,653 48,651,418 30,620,097 8,738,468 11,502,951 20,029,378 24,297,388 1,315,266 5,580,210 68,535 10,285,422 7,563,400 7,839,056 4,719,950 8,386,700 2,020,547 13,726,018 11,999,765 8,569,538 9,606,555 9,522,368 5,912,779 16,072,908 27,657,528 3,407,090 3,434,134 1,387,273 5,961,316 1,706,201 1,273,076 2,586,544 662,885 7,988,133 6,302,765 18,597,328 1900 28,162,946 83,676,301 124,214,431 143,239,750 30,396,379 30,576,691 37,651,230 11,790,181 18,908,592 5,060,048 3,615,354 7,740,908 6,546,954 937, 137 4,262,545 48,694,612 5,840,228 29,141,561 24,725,382 18,285,504 34,279,218 17,281,805 29,642,522 21,513,337 46,349,012 23,614,794 4,078,546 8,400,818 17,192,120 22,191,123 993,972 4,339,777 50,399 6,641,677 5,694,302 4,426,709 2,541,723 4,658,971 1,048,849 10,518,031 8,137,474 5,512,940 6,408,246 6,349,801 3,607,033 2 7,699,069 19,995,327 1,886,580 1,797,122 720,693 3,797,997 510,048 577,693 2,037,367 462,681 4,076,189 4,093,333 10,739,070 12,023,682 101,559 252,577 837,880 2,865,372 910,106 506,234 3,103,235 2,694,190 852,529 other cows. Number. 1910 11,659,194 66, 155, 519, 2,766, 642, 263, 4,348, 2,250, 545, 17,975 16,176 27,612 20,100 2,524 17,173 138,461 14,896 99,220 142,261 133,709 281,957 106,801 173,152 218,948 614,930 306,681 119,510 341,959 705,191 558,153 3,497 18,816 87,697 63,740 106,553 65,319 245,303 319, 181 101,232 119,718 146,354 138,930 146,199 183,550 304,165 2,469,321 372,798 148,907 307, 189 405,884 579,601 384,091 185,174 210,546 68,140 217,480 676,909 1900 $269,160,193 12,483 13,102 21,715 9,946 1,379 7,994 98,466 7,977 48,807 87,040 88,619 228,931 46,205 69,094 68,565 461,031 324,198 108,146 270,285 674,025 859,925 1,866 9,490 38 40,735 36,870 61,082 42,235 164,052 285,712 51,745 49,560 76,560 85,629 79,557 124,769 2 774,698 3,369^880 311,513 100,606 244,8ii9 483,039 502,865 357,719 96,849 153,388 58,395 183,100 304, 450 Value. 1910 $271,302,682 2,373,332 6,447,442 22,341,550 76,808,285 12,122,883 7,897,542 57,740,079 61,970,884 21,458,196 393,705 372,250 586,806 512,381 66,703 441,487 3,739,506 423,250 2,284,686 3,671,000 3,720,123 8,436,327 2,579,663 3,934,437 4,616,179 17,715,974 8,692,733 3,256,904 9,232,917 18,585,179 14,708,399 78,956 413,661 1,789,833 1,544,213 1,455,032 954,236 2,496,331 3,390,621 2,289,679 2,097,049 1,691,238 1,819,676 2,077,157 2,650,249 6,489,690 46,522,983 11,269,752 3,713,295 9,410,305 11,083,972 10,924,867 6,742,626 4,017,265 4,818,802 1,530,758 5,129,426 14,798,012 1900 1,573,973 3,849,692 15,291,227 82,092,750 7,329,861 4,664,610 86,821,688 55,634,378 14,044,509 272,017 319,086 472,874, 262,090 38,003 209,903 2,393,248 235,183 1,221,261 2,347,072 2,777,104 7,238,385 1,197,893 1,730,773 1,689,684 14,315,225 9,252,117 3,425,103 7,991,874 20,552,720 24,866,027 46,527 218,441 950 808,745 896,279 675,729 528,133 1,470,135 2,684,922 1,359,424 961,527 997,111 1,346,648 1,284,763 1,928,624 2 16,946,775 66,661,626 9,270,977 2,765,853 7,931,297 13,807,743 9,854,024 5,901,964 2,352,853 3,749,667 1,722,508 4,559,l(ff 7,762,893 1 Includes unclassified animals. LIVE STOCK ON FARMS AND ELSEWHERE. SEX GROUPS, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES: 1910 AND 1900. [See text with reference to date of enumeration and change in classification.] 317 50 51 62 63 64 55 56 57 58 Table 14— Continued. DIVISION OR STATE. YEARLING HEIPEES. Number. 1910 TTnlted States Oeogbapbtc divisions: New England Middle Atlantic East North Central West North Central. . . South Atlantic East South Central West South Central. . . Mountain Pacific New England: Maine New Hampshire Vermont Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut Middle Atlantic: New York New Jersey Pennsylvania East North Central: Ohio Indiana Illinois Michigan Wisconsin West North Central: Minnesota Iowa Missouri North Dakota South Dakota Nebraska Kansas South Atlantic: Delaware Maryland District of Columbia Virgroia West Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Florida East South Central: Kentucky Tennessee Alabama Mississippi West South Central: Arkansas Louisiana Oklahoma Texas Mountain: Montana Idaho Wyoming Colorado New Mexico Arizona Utah Nevada Pacific: Washington Oregon CaUIomJa 7,296,880 139,492 420,046 279,030 193,979 545,897 632,815 160,124 670,920 363,577 7,174,483 208,858 684,076 1,179,729 2,145,502 433,240 372,097 1,349,229 630,722 271,030 27,346 17,932 45,921 24,587 2,939 20,767 234,728 17,625 167,693 235,392 180, 545 306,969 206,000 351, 124 323,948 564,219 306, 961 104, 203 194,580 363, 661 336,417 6,260 27,226 60 94,709 76,603 88,187 51,928 126,664 76,480 125,791 132,649 131,179 143, 196 137,849 102,995 202,337 716,943 100,784 63,727 83,896 114,815 121,018 93, 113 60, 126 63,441 51,995 83,102 218,480 1900 $103,194,026 45,877 29,574 68,664 34,452 3,816 26,476 335,844 23,609 224,623 217,671 183, 193 332,472 161, 174 286,319 211, 162 592,076 312,749 69,338 167, 607 345,275 447,295 5,373 28,930 76 71,952 60,268 68,732 33,879 93,586 70,445 104,861 94,224 83,027 89,985 103,555 66,076 2 224,763 954,835 97,899 40,398 67,888 161,627 114,046 73,437 40,461 44,967 44,113 78,628 148,289 Value. 1910 $121,628,076 2,095,920 7,069,138 20,183,222 32,779,162 6,626,390 5,368,607 13,567,986 10,976,173 6,638,428 386,897 266,645 626,515 420,164 51,315 344,484 4, 186, 454 334,080 2,648,604 3,784,867 3,119,868 6,346,736 3,034,174 4,897,697 3,842,647 8,714,358 6, 198, 647 1,550,721 2,845,771 6,536,493 6,090,526 85,928 407,692 1,742 1,232,807 1,123,158 775,949 464,482 893,207 651,425 1,853,379 1,536,217 873,968 1,096,043 1,211,494 877,642 2,650,765 8,828,095 1,965,734 861,688 1,668,749 2,054,943 1, 682, 450 1,287,024 685,660 789,125 844,480 1,246,353 3,448,695 1900 3,094,829 9,327,584 21,667,308 42,836,764 4,600,635 4,726,849 18,819,545 11,672,879 4,881,693 621,354 462,468 889,081 687,080 73,276 461,570 5,161,703 470,484 3,705,397 3,959,411 3,660,138 6,735,360 2,686,813 4,626,586 3,299,865 12,242,609 6,040,589 1,379,518 3,347,421 7,413,817 9,112,936 91,933 495,742 1,357 1,029,057 990,655 561,321 291,706 680,407 468,468 1,880,432 1,243,158 703,469 1,064,074 620,250 2 3,661,837 13,473,384 2,002,199 762,889 1, 649, 469 3,156,858 1,766,334 961,818 681,040 792,272 806,326 1,380,105 2,696,263 168,022 701,919 1,449,453 2,322,411 676,209 482, 256 1, 273, 197 432,847 401,226 Number. 1910 7,806,639 15,315,682 31,901 18,603 67,673 25,571 3,773 20,601 438,329 27,934 235,666 255,682 184, 163 324,079 236,060 449,489 373,537 669,003 296,476 130, 683 205,607 364,958 382,248 7,153 39,064 62 83,926 69,518 89,066 48,291 153,886 94,263 102,493 114, 187 115,487 160,089 169,240 120,461 261, 194 722,302 82,626 49,289 46,987 86,201 49,381 57,887 33,042 28,434 57,188 76,238 267,799 1900 $52, 000, 133 1,006,314 4,676,025 10,143,006 15,605,540 3,303,304 2,664,890 8,183,618 3,59'3,978 2,834,468 61,794 40,434 101,684 43,621 5,338 37,300 507,140 39,685 421,323 494,584 428, 109 723,322 375,482 623,343 565,994 1,290,279 633,317 166, 420 343, 141 764,600 923,462 9,363 55,465 69 162,053 134,107 142,686 87,734 211,679 138,393 260,502 236,000 213,397 238,601 254,473 169,825 2 536,220 2,148,261 187,633 86,398 126,770 269, 164 188,762 136,181 78,940 81,061 105, 130 168,323 Value. 1910 $137,290,001 229,739 123,908 326,718 167,200 23,441 134,308 2,785,121 217,613 1,673,291 1,919,714 1,626,445 2,476,015 1,644,581 2,677,251 1,952,261 3,836,951 2,608,087 876,807 1,362,522 2,439,504 2,640,408 72,031 336, 659 1,366 633,193 422, 136 398,094 226,057 661,368 554,400 812,882 698,481 454,175 689,352 822, 170 622,073 1,690,424 5,048,951 793, 113 373,546 472,620 710, 698 387, 193 406,341 235,387 216, 110 421,618 529,317 1,883,523 1900 1,979, 6,626, 22, 178; 50,322, 5,183, 6,071, 27,068; 12,736, 6,221; 411, 104 306,896 666, 130 357,542 45,537 293,317 3,144,964 349,937 3,032,067 4,186,575 4,197,697 7,195,897 2,490,467 4,107,904 4,264,414 14, 413, 586 6,943,267 1,540,116 3,782,871 8,757,661 10,630,929 83,940 453,971 605 1, 273, 728 1,102,228 549,844 361,454 770,968 586,919 2,480,227 1,606,949 826,805 1,157,630 1,418,961 817,872 2 6,302,544 19,528,804 2,229,419 883,908 1,788,934 3, 130, 465 1,989,648 1, 133, 178 729,551 861,851 889,068 1,536,473 2,796,201 steers and bulls. Number. 1910 13,048,547 85,779 260,327 423, 207 4,903,201 868,001 782,728 2,535,863 1,508,185 681,256 147,589 422,968 2,225,375 6,982,606 1,031,662 830, 148 3,760,276 1,550,936 583,068 22,482 13,843 23,725 10,222 1,683 13,924 101,891 8,126 150,310 299, 147 231,018 477,349 182,889 232,804 345, 614 1,293,062 794,945 130, 193 410,266 880,459 1,048,673 3,368 35,786 23 233,894 181,988 107,646 42, 461 140,928 121,907 261,687 231,642 141,092 148,507 146. 128 103,433 619,676 1,666,626 260,700 85,379 254, 530 355, 242 191,387 178. 129 61, 135 121,683 44,831 150,713 485, 712 1900 16,534,518 $347,901,174 3,433,021 8, 134, 119 40,001,458 146,200,706 19,236,128 15,453,820 56,095,226 41,337,919 18,008,778 45, 101 28,646 39,783 13,363 1,842 18,864 163,331 11,306 258,321 435,879 410,281 811,621 229,642 337,962 271,972 1,600,696 942,939 198,027 496, 133 889,899 1,583,940 4,987 61,477 28 268,896 202,936 118,840 52,366 154,251 177,881 312, 115 210,723 147,487 169,823 144,373 124,810 21,396,896 2,094,197 326,406 84,203 229, 496 429,382 169, 412 168,333 61,535 92,170 80,063 147,805 366,210 Value. 1910 $436,467,373 899,816 660,978 761, 193 432,630 78,665 699,850 3,240,553 276,602 4,616,964 8,064,298 6,846,638 16,005,670 4,029,648 5,055,204 6, 618j 632 39,945,438 25,864,100 3,289,498 11,014,703 26,357,920 33,110,415 96, 162 1,132,304 3,662 7,075,166 5,207,857 2,074,684 721,644 1,529,790 1,394,869 7,289,713 4,329,771 1,806,707 2,027,629 1,787,440 1,330,514 15,236,066 37,741,205 8, 401, 168 2,210,866 8,567,389 10,643,645 4,068,904 3,367,651 1,263,869 2,824,427 1,286,846 3,891,260 12,830,672 1900 4,090,676 9,616,937 61,458,845 189,701,439 18,810,730 16,213,508 80,766,069 41,616,008 14,203,561 1,221,022 843,827 859,802 377,251 71,844 716,930 3,350,757 303,275 5,962,906 11,341,806 12,044,081 26,722,047 4,509,278 6, 841, 633 5,491,658 55,198,471 29,906,040 5,387,364 14,324,949 28,663,180 50,839,787 124,513 1,345,190 1,160 7,085,640 5,374,963 1,454,347 611,699 1,248,017 1,565,201 8,749,627 3,461,943 1,753,241 2,258,697 1,768,028 1,607,317 i 33, 811, 561 43,569,763 9,972,841 2, 180, 182 7,402,798 11,639,675 3,857,877 2,792,813 1,352,033 2,416,789 1,946,963 3,595,879 8,660,719 2 Includes Indian Territory. 318 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. ALL CATTLE ON FARMS. NUMBER, BY STATES: APRIL 15, 1910. — .^ — A N. DAK, > 9 • 0. DAK, O « 9 O ^.© • • ! •• ! O e 200,000 cattle. ^ » 160,000 to 200,000 cattle. '*>.^ O 100,000 to 150,000 cattle. v O 60,000 to 100,000 cattle. '*■•, O Less than 60,000 cattle. The heavy lines (o— .) show geographic divisions. i • O • i OOKLA.9 ',» O O « • • » • o o e 9 ® 9 9 TEXAS 9 o O 9 • 9 s 9 o — \ 9 • • 'n • « O w ® ® 9 9 _ \' " X ~9 9 9 " I.* ••V ,„ KANS. a 9 9 9 9 9 9 ! 9 9 9 i..,^iii..— .. DAIRY COWS ON FARMS. NUMBER, BY STATES: APRIL 15, 1910. LIVE STOCK ON FARMS AND ELSEWHERE. 319 HORSES, MULES, AND ASSES AND BUREOS ON FARMS. United States as a whole. — The draft animals on farms in the United States consist mainly of horses and mules, comparatively few oxen being used. The age classification of horses and mules used in 1910 difiEered from that employed m 1900 in the same way as in the case of cattle, and the change in the date of enumeration also affects the returns. The data are, however, somewhat more nearly comparable than those for cattle, because a much larger proportion of horses and mules are of mature age. The following statement shows the defLnitions of the classes at each census and the number reported for the United States as a whole in each class, and also the totals for asses and burros : Table 1 5 1910 ( April 16) . 1900 (June 1). NOMINAL INCEEASE.l Class as defined in schedule. Corresponding age limits. Number. Class as defined in schedule. Corresponding limits of date of birth. Number. Number. Per cent. Horses, mules, and asses and burros. 24,148,580 21,625,800 2,622,780 11.7 All horses 19, 833, 113 18,267,020 1,666,093 8 6 Over 15i months . 3i to IfiJ mouths . Under 3i months. Before June 1, 1898 June 1,1898, to June 1, 1899. After June 1, 1899 Bom before Jan. 1, 1909 17,430,418 1,731,982 612,776 16,505,966 1,446,225 1,314,829 1,924,462 285,757 —702,054 12.4 Colts born in 1909 19.8 Colts born alter Jan. 1, 1910 —53.4 All mules 4,209,769 3,264,616 945,154 29 Over 16i months. 3i to 15i months. Under 3J months. Before June 1, 1898 June 1, 1898, to June 1, 1899. After June 1, 1899 Born before Jan. 1, 1909 3,787,316 313,196 109,257 2,753,486 279,501 231,628 1,033,830 33,695 -122,371 Colts born in 1909 12 1 Colts born after Jan. 1, 1910 —62.8 Asses and burros (all ages) 105,698 94, 166 11,533 12 2 I A minus sign ( — ) denotes decrease. The total number of horses reported as on farms on April 15, 1910, was 19,833,000, as compared with 18,2Q7,000 on June 1, 1900, an increase of 1,566,000, or 8.6 per cent. The numbers of mules at the same dates were 4,210,000 and 3,265,000, respectively, show- ing an increase of 945,000, or 29 per cent. Had the enumeration of 1910 been made as of June 1, however, the increase in both classes would have been somewhat greater on account of the addition of colts born between April 15 and June 1. The number of horse colts under 1 year of age reported on June 1, 1900, was 1,315,000. Assuming that the rate of increase during the decade in the number of young colts was about the same as the rate for yearlings (about 20 per cent, which, it should be noted, is a greater relative increase than that in older horses) there would have been on June 1, 1910, nearly 1,600,000 horse colts under 1 year of age. Of these, however, a comparatively small number would have , been bom between June 1, 1909, and January 1, 1910, and would already be included in the returns for the class of "colts born in 1909." After de- ducting these there would have remained on June 1 , 1910, perhaps between twelve and fourteen hundred thousand colts born after January 1, 1910, or from six to eight hundred thousand more than were re- ported on April 15, 1910 (613,000). Since a certain number of older horses living on April 15, 1910, would have died before June 1, the addition to the total num- ber of horses of all ages which would have resulted from an enumeration on June 1 would have been perhaps 200,000 less than this addition to the number of colts. Similar calculations in the case of mules indicate the probability that had the enumeration of 1910 been taken as of June 1, there would have been in the neighborhood of 100,000 more mules than were reported for April 15. With respect to animals of the oldest age group, which may be roughly designated as "mature horses" and "mature mules," the fact that the minimum age limit for the group in 1910 (15^ months) was lower than in 1900 (2 years) results in throwing some animals into this group at the later census which would have been classed as "yearlings" in 1900. Even after de- ducting these, however, and allowing for animals dying between April 15 and June 1, the increase in mature animals during the decade would doubtless be nearly as great as indicated by the figures of the above table. The actual increase would probably be in the neighborhood of 10 or 11 per cent for mature horses and at least 30 per cent for mature mules. There should be fairly close comparability with re- spect to the older group of colts, which may for convenience be roughly designated by the term "yearlings." The returns for this group at each census represent animals born during a period of 12 months. A considerable increase occurred during the decade in this group in the case of both horses and mules. The number of horses reported in 1910 was about four and three-fourths times as great as the number of mules, whereas in 1900 there were about five and one- half times as many horses as mules. Table 16 shows statistics with regard to the value of horses, mules, and asses and burros in the United States as a whole, and the number and percentage of farms reportilig these animals. 320 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. Table 16 1910— Number Value Average value Farms reporting Fer cent of all farms . All horses, mules, and asses and burros. 24,148,580. $2,622,180,170, $108.59 1900— Number 21,625,800 Value |S1, 098,646,454 Averagevalue i 850.80 Farms reporting | Per cent of all farms | Horses. 19,833,113 $2,083,588,195 $105.06 4,692,814 73.8 18,267,020 $896,513,217 $49.08 4,530,628 79.8 Mules. 4,209,769 $525,391,863 $124.80 1,869,005 29.4 3,264,615 $196,222,053 $60.11 1,480,652 25.8 Asses and burros. 105,698 $13,200,112 $124.89 43,927 0.7 94,165 $5,811,184 $61.71 33,584 0.6 This table shows a remarkable increase in the total value, which in turn is due primarily to the great increase in value per head. The combined value of horses, mules, and asses and burros in 1910 was 138.6 per cent greater than the value in 1900. Divisions and states. — ^Table 21 (pages 322 and 323) shows, for each geographic division and state, the number and value of horses, mules, and asses and burros on farms, by classes. Table 17 shows certain percentages and averages, by divisions and sections. Table 17 PES CENT OF TOTAL NUMBEK IN THE UNITED STATES. AVEKAGE NtTMBEE OF HOBSES, MULES, AND ASSES AKD BUKSOS. DIVISION OK SECTION AH horses, mules, and asses and burros. All horses. Mature horses.i Yearling horses.i Horse colts.i All mules. Mature mules.i YearUng mules.* Mule colts.i All asses and burros. Per 1,000 aciBsof all land inlarms. Per 1,000 acres ol improved land. 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 100.0 (') 1.4 6.6 16.4 17.0 26.1 28.8 0.8 2.9 24.5 71.8 3.7 1910 1900 100.0 m 1.5 6.2 13.8 19.1 26.3 29.6 0.7 2.9 1910 100.0 7. 9.8 30.4 3.3 18.7 26.2 2.4 2.7 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 Tjnited States New England Middle Atlantic East North Central West North Central South Atlantic East South Central West South Central Mountain. Pacific 100.0 1.5 5.3 19.3 31.2 7.7 9,0 15.2 6.2 4.6 57.3 31.9 10.8 42.8 57. 2 lOt.O 1.8 6.3 20.1 28.8 7.5 9.5 14.8 6.4 4.9 100.0 1.8 6.2 22.2 34.3 5.6 5.8 11.8 7.2 5.1 100.0 2.1 7.2 22.6 31.0 6.9 6.5 12.3 7.3 5.2 100.0 2.0 6.7 22.5 33.8 6.8 5.8 11.8 6.7 6.0 100.0 2.4 7.7 22.7 30.6 6.2 6.7 12.2 6.4 5.2 100.0 0.6 3.4 21.5 38.4 4.4 S.4 11.1 9.6 6.7 100. 0.9 4.8 22.0 33.5 4.2 4.9 11.8 12.2 5.7 100.0 0.2 1.8 18.6 37.1 4.6 6.9 15.1 8.5 7.2 100.0 0.6 3.8 21.3 33.7 4.3 5.8 13.1 11.9 6.4 69. S 23.2 17.3 100.0 ^1^2 6.2 17.0 17.8 23.8 30.6 1.2 2.2 24.5 72.2 3.3 100.0 m 1.3 5.8 14.9 19.4 24.4 31.0 1.0 2.1 100. e m 1.6 8.0 29.0 7.4 25.0 25.1 1.3 2.8 100.0 '0^2 10.0 34.3 2.5 18.6 29.3 1.7 3.6 100.0 0.1 0.6 10.1 32.4 4.0 24.9 23.4 1.7 2.8 100.0 0.1 0.6 5.1 21.1 3.2 14.9 28.2 23.7 3.1 100.0 0.2 1.0 4.6 16.5 2.4 18.8 23.7 29.8 2.9 27 18 27 22 25 22 26 19 30 37 31 16 25 18 30 22 50 49 44 52 46 38 49 63 94 51 52 48 44 50 46 35 51 80 164 56 TheNorth The South TheWest 56.9 31.8 11.2 64.4 23.2 12.3 62.9 24.6 12.5 64.9 23.4 U.7 63.4 25.1 11.6 63.8 20.9 15.3 61.2 20.9 17.9 57.7 26.6 16.7 22.0 74.8 3.2 21. « 74.9 3.6 46.7 48.2 5.1 38.5 57.4 4.1 44.5 50.3 6.2 43.1 52.3 4.6 27.0 46.2 26.8 22.3 45.0 32.7 33 22 24 32 IS 26 48 51 69 47 66 90 East of the Mississippi River West of the Mississippi River 4.5.2 54.8 41.6 58.4 44.2 56.8 42.7 67.3 45.6 64.4 36.2 64.8 36.8 63.2 32.0 68.0 35.8 64.2 49.1 50.9 51.1 48.9 51.0 49.0 53.0 47.0 32.3 67.7 41.8 58.2 31.2 68.8 39.7 60.3 24.0 76.0 27.0 73. » 28 27 27 26 47 53 46 m 1 For definition of these terms at the two censuses, see page 319. Of the total number of horses, mules, and asses and burros, considered together, in 1910, 31.2 per cent were reported from the West North Central division, 19.3 per cent from the East North Central, and 15.2 per cent from the West South Central, these three divisions together containing about two-thirds of the entire number. The North reported 57.3 per cent of the total, the South 31.9 per cent, and the West 10.8 per cent. The geographic distribution of horses is quite dif- ferent from that of mules. Although the use of mules is rapidly increasing in the North, it is in the South that they have been found particularly useful. In the North there were more than twelve times as many horses as mules in 1910, but in the South only about one and one-half times as many. There is a wide difference among the several geo- graphic divisions in the extent to which the breeding of horses and mules is carried on, as is shown by the differences between the distribution of "mature" ani- mals and that of "yearhngs " and "colts," and stUl more clearly by a comparison of the ratios which the num- bers of "colts" or " yearlings " reported from the several divisions bear to the numbers of mature animals re- ported from the same divisions. At the census of 1910, the number of yearling horses (that is, those born during the year 1909) was equal in New England to only 2.9 per cent of the number of mature horses and in the Middle Atlantic division to only 5 per cent, ' Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. whereas in the West North Central division the ratio was 11.3 per cent, in the Pacific division 11.4 per cent, and in the Mountain division 14.2 per cent. The average number of horses, mules, and asses and burros combined, in 1910, to each 1,000 acres of land in farms in the country as a whole was 27, and the aver- age number to each 1,000 acres of improved land was 50. The East North Central division shows the largest number (40) per 1,000 acres of all land in farms, and the New England and South Atlantic divisions stand lowest, with 18 in each case. The number per 1,000 acres of improved land ranged from 94 in the Mountain division to 38 in the South Atlantic. Table 18 shows, by divisions and sections, the increase or decrease from 1900 to 1910 in the number of horees, mules, and asses and burros. Separate data for colts are not given as they have little signifi- cance, but the totals include colts. In the number of horses, mules, and asses and bur- ros combined an increase took place between June 1, 1900, and April 15, 1910, in all the geographic divi- sions except the New England and Middle Atlantic divisions. Much the greatest increase, both absolute and relative, ^as in the West North Central division, but there was also a very conspicuous increase (mainly in mules) in the West South Central division. The number of mules increased in every geographic divi- sion except the Pacific. LIVE STOCK ON FARMS AND ELSEWHERE. 321 Table 18 INCREASE Df NUMBKB, TONE 1, 1900, TO APRIL 15, 1910.' All horses, mules, and asses and biuTos. Horaes. Mules. All asses and DIVISION OB SECTION. All horses. Mature horses.' Yearlings.2 All mules. Mature mules.^ Yearlings.2 burros. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. United States New England 2,522,780 -30,640 —77,873 323,989 1,309,873 235,317 109,741 466,302 121,630 66,641 11.7 -7.9 -5.7 7.6 21.0 14.4 6.3 14.6 8.8 6.2 1,5«,«93 -30,941 -83,767 278,988 1,122,384 40,117 -41,440 110,305 103,481 67,966 9.6 -8.0 -6.4 6.8 19.8 3.7 -3.5 4.9 7.7 7.1 1,921,462 -21,219 -33,218 392,044 1,152,761 62,890 -29,720 162,394 173,798 74,722 12.4 -5.8 -2.8 11.1 24.3 6.6 -2.9 8.6 17.5 9.4 285,757 -3,329 -11,400 53,823 181,220 15,530 22,291 21,106 -10,204 16,720 19.8 -26.0 -16.4 16.9 37.4 25.5 31.7 12.4 -6.8 20.2 945,151 334 6,166 43,885 180,815 194,128 153,153 347,591 22,128 -3,036 29.0 23.9 13.3 20.4 33.8 35.0 18.0 37.0 82.6 -3.2 1,033,830 690 9,974 47,999 185,153 211,066 201,662 367,666 20,625 -883 37.5 65.0 24.6 28.3 48.8 40.2 27.9 43.9 10.8 -1.1 33,695 -50 -2,579 8,288 33,123 -10,370 -11,059 12,065 3,724 663 12.1 -48.8 -62.8 36.9 40.9 -60.6 -15.9 17.2 10.0 7.2 11,533 -33 -272 1,116 6,674 1,072 -1,972 7,406 -3,079 621 12.2 -18.3 -28.1 26.9 42. S 46.6 Middle Atlantic East North Central West Nortli Central Soutli Atlantic East South Central West Souti Central. 33 1 Paciiic 23 1 The North 1,626,349 810,360 187,071 12.4 11.8 7.7 1,286,674 108,982 170,437 11.2 2.4 7.6 1,490,368 185,564 248,520 15.2 4.8 13.9 220,314 58,927 6,616 24.9 19.5 2.5 231,190 694,872 19,092 29.0 29.6 15.7 243,716 770,372 19,742 41.3 37.3 19.8 38,782 -9,374 4,287 36.0 -6.8 37.2 7,486 6,606 -2,468 35.6 16 4 The South The West -8.0 East of the Mississippi River. West o( the Mississippi Elver. 660,534 1,962,246 6.7 16.6 162,967 1,403,126 2.0 13.8 360,777 1,663,676 5.1 18.5 76,915 208,842 14.6 22.8 397,666 647,498 23.8 34.3 471,270 562,560 32.3 43.5 -16,770 49,465 -13.5 30.4 -89 11,622 -0.3 16.9 1 A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease. The following table shows the average value per head of the various classes in 1910 and 1900. In compar- ing the averages for the two censuses the differences in classification should be kept in mind. Table 19 AVERAGE VALUE PEE HEAD. DIVISION. Horses.i Mules.i AU All horses. Ma- ture horses. Year- lings. Colts. AU mules. Ma- ture mules. Year- lings. Colts. and burros. TTuited States: 1910 1900 $106.06 19.08 $112.36 53.03 $58.82 33.40 $33.68 19.70 $121. 80 60.11 $131.49 61.74 $73. 04 42.06 $41.51 26.78 $124. 89 61.71 New England: 1910 . 124.19 69.69 130.21 73.48 111.17 56.97 110.91 60.30 109.22 65.93 103.16 63.13 77,74 30,43 78.91 23.43 99.85 36.77 126.00 70.84 133.93 76.23 117.71 59.71 119.56 54.67 114.89 68.83 108.57 55.32 82.96 33.07 88.27 27.33 108.73 40.49 69.01 65.76 72.69 56.38 65.68 42.66 61.13 34.54 62.18 40.74 68.94 45.71 46.14 19.09 40.58 14.90 63.47 21.14 49.35 32.42 43.92 31.96 34.67 24.08 33.24 20.84 34.29 23.42 48.59 30.15 31.15 12.69 25.07 8.31 31.61 13.20 163.64 67. 17 146.83 76.46 121.05 67.91 126.47 56.17 143.87 68.62 124.63 64.12 112.99 64.81 106.78 37.33 130.38 63.39 167.01 76.47 149.02 78.43 131.66 63.66 141.61 64.71 145.26 69.89 129.35 68.64 118.60 68.74 118. 70 42.84 140.93 57.61 87.26 54.22 85.45 68.49 75.11 44.48 79.20 42.14 71.98 50.87 76.78 46.09 62.11 34.82 60.85 29.23 71.95 37.28 43.46 32.61 41.43 39.12 38.93 29.69 42.48 28.15 38.44 29.93 47.94 29.13 38.15 21.66 34.04 18.74 39.18 20.76 87.23 1900 33.04 Middle Atlantic: 1910 126.97 1900 34.61 E. North Central: 1910 176.69 1900 85.84 W.North Central: 1910 221.90 1900 118.83 South Atlantic: 1910 140.59 1900 93.97 E. South Central: 1910 149.22 1900 . .. . 85.64 W.South Central: 1910 105.66 1900 . . . 61.95 Mountain: 1910 26.39 1900 8.19 Pacific: 1910 176.22 1900.. 76.37 1 For definition of the subclasses at the two censuses, see page 319. 2 For definition of these classes at the two censuses, see page 319. In the United States as a whole the average value of all horses per head in 1910 was $105.06, as compared with $124.80 per head for mules. The average value of "mature horses" increased from $53.03 per head in 1900 to $112.36 in 1910, and that of "mature mules" increased from $64.74 to $131.49. Even in the case of "yearlings" and " colts" the average value was much higher at the later census than at the earlier, notwithstanding the fact that the average age of the animals classed in these groups was lower. Increase in average values appeared in aU of the geo- graphic divisions for aU of the age groups. The average value of "mature horses" ranged in 1910 from $82.96 in the West South Central division to $133.93 in the Middle Atlantic, and that of " ma- ture mules" from $118.60 in the West South Central division to $167.01 in New England. Table 20 presents' a comparison of the number of horses, mules, and asses and burros for the last four censuses. Horse and mule colts are excluded in order to make the figures more nearly comparable, but they are stUl not precisely comparable, the figures for 1910 being relatively too large because of the lower age hmit of the colts excluded. There was a rapid increase in the combined number from 1880 to 1890, but only a comparatively moderate increase during the last two decades. Table 20 HORSES, Mm.ES, AND A3SKS AND BURROS (EXCLUDING HORSE AND MULE COLTS). HORSES (EXCLUDING COLTS). MULES AND ASSES AND BURROS (EXCLUDING MULE COLTS). 1910 1900 1890 1880 1910 1900 1890 1880 1910 1900 1890 1880 United States 23,426,518 356,667 1,271,362 4,541,623 7,267,431 1,832,861 2,101,765 3,540,460 1,447,067 1,068,312 20,079,343 379,708 1,308,857 4,038,353 6,704,263 1,562,684 1,920,673 2,972,960 1,219,247 972,698 117,581,318 370, 106 1,412,441 4, 108, 809 1 5, 122, 717 1,298,151 1,636,298 11,921,647 1848,385 1862,764 12,170,299 325,662 1,268,138 3,278,968 2,727,882 1, 148, 183 1,405,536 1,352,570 224,0.39 439,438 19,220,338 353,804 1,218,425 4,287,697 6,566,754 1,082,963 1,102,457 2,256,357 1,374,904 976,977 16,962,191 378,362 1,263,043 3,841,830 5,228,636 1,014,543 1,109,886 2,066,983 1,168,3.54 881,664 115,266,244 368,849 1,370,015 3,912,858 14,661,006 880,758 989,455 1 1,472,506 1809,671 1 801, 126 10,357,488 324,066 1, 230, 885 3,072,210 2,394,821 801, 239 86'i,026 1,066,367 205,209 407,666 4,206,210 1,863 52,937 253,926 700,677 749, 898 999, 308 1,284,103 72, 163 91,335 3,127,152 1,356 45,814 196,523 476,727 548,141 810,687 906,977 50,893 91,034 2,316,074 1,257 42,426 195,951 461,711 417,393 646,843 449,141 38,714 61,638 1,812,808 1,496 Middle Atlantic 37,263 206,758 West North Central 333,041 346,944 East Soutii Central 640,510 West South Central 286,203 Mountain - 18,830 Pacific 31,773 1 Includes estimated number of horses on public ranges. 72497°— 13- -21 322 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. HORSES, MULES, AND ASSES AND BURROS ON FARMS^NUMBER AND VALUE OF HORSES AND [See text with reference to date of enumeration and cliange in classification.] Table 21 DIVISION OB STATE. ALL H0B8ES, MULES, AND ASSES AND BTTBROS. Number. ISIO 1900 Value. 19X0 1900 ALL H0BSE3. Number. 1910 1900 Value. 1900 United States Geogbaphio divisions: New England Middle Atlantic East North Central. . West North Central. . South Atlantic East South Central. . West South Central.. Mountain Paotflo New England: Maine New Hampshire Vermont Massachusetts Bhode Island Connecticut Middle Atlantic: New York New Jersey Pennsylvania Bast Nobth Centbal: Ohio Indiana Illinois ICichigan Wisconsin West Nobth Centbal: Mimiesota Iowa Missouri North Dakota South Dakota Nebraska Kansas South Atlantic: Delaware Maryland District of Columbia. Virginia West Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Florida East South Central: Kentucky Tennessee Alabama Mississippi West South Centbal: Arkansas ; Louisiana Oklahoma Texas Mountain: Montana Idaho Wyoming Colorado New Mexico Arizona Utah Nevada Paotic: Washington Oregon California 24,148,680 3Se,e31 1,28»,787 4,666,291 7,532,378 1,863,817 2,164,134 3,666,167 1,601,023 1,116,362 107,954 46,454 81,232 64,572 9,621 46,798 595,344 93,016 594,437 983,562 897,468 1,603,583 613,966 617,722 769,178 1,649,364 1,428,964 658,427 682,119 1,0^^,901 1,360,426 39,018 178,206 617 391,229 191,868 341,879 236,719 416,180 69,101 672,764 633,653 384,054 473,773 480, oi4 313,371 1,006,748 1,866,034 320,290 202,165 158,348 312,007 206,314 110,645 119,113 72,151 292,930 282,183 541,239 21,6»,800 387,271 1,360,660 4,342,302 6,222,505 1,628,500 2,054,393 3,199,865 1,379,493 1,050,811 t2,««l,180,170 44,353,827 167,894,587 631,663,254 848,994,801 229,632,663 245,527,291 331,109,901 118,493,632 114,620,214 «1, 098, 546, 464 26,939,945 100,033,054 243,576,108 317,214,620 98,167,231 119,072,930 120,965,696 32,268,440 40,319,431 119,833,113 354,765 1,229,686 4,401,442 16,794,192 1,111,187 1,144,599 12,349,029 11,427,067 11,021,166 18,267,020 386,696 1,313,443 4,122,454 5,671,808 1,071,070 1,186,039 2,238,724 1,324,676 963,210 if2, 083, 688, 196 44,058,076 160,111,303 489,290,485 1763,612,291 121,359,125 118,071,299 1182,618,200 1112,606,228 1101,961,188 106,700 64,990 86,887 75,383 11,433 52,878 632,089 98,956 629,616 895,226 819,440 1,477,302 689,670 660,674 704,969 1,450,152 1,259,333 366,924 487,767 851,174 1,102,186 34,482 166,674 935 346,408 196,658 296,588 196,035 335,247 66,673 647,621 614,897 346,632 445,343 431,070 339,025 3 636,643 1,793,122 332,829 172,275 137,184 248,843 162,366 133,765 118,888 83,343 246,835 295,683 608,293 14,440,930 5,297,663 8,646,935 8,717,169 1,435,962 5,815,178 80,732,061 12,639,560 74,522,966 101,748,029 97,087,699 182,071,929 71,830,231 68,916,366 89,824,462 186,831,164 160,469,138 84,633,666 76,183,223 113,626,618 139,426,661 4,219,899 19,866,498 60,886 42,574,780 19,948,697 42,260,375 34,040,460 68,249,853 8,411,225 72,046,486 75,495,920 45,372,248 52,612,637 60,749,974 27,484,883 93,151,190 159,723,854 27,616,223 20,413,716 12,703,100 29,318,193 9,494,368 4,682,267 10,225,578 4,040,197 31,539,551 26,517,708 56,462,955 7,079,288 3,848,307 5,342,359 5,848,851 983,993 3,837,147 48,215,212 7,938,766 a, 879, 076 61,119,437 44,476,215 77,341,768 36,070,226 34,568,473 42,763,099 81,468,106 58,688,989 23,218,108 20,460,317 39,951,675 50,694,426 2,113,871 10,764,026 63,412 18,320,400 11,116,918 17,642,369 13,284,779 21,502,900 3,368,656 36,113,305 36,586,769 21,145,589 25,228,267 20,376,384 17,313,284 > 22, 788, 578 60,487,449 7,907,421 4,204,618 3,286,842 7,686,283 2,468,129 1,867,606 3,470,718 1,386,823 8,705,100 9,011,732 22,602,599 107,674 46,229 80,781 64,283 9,547 46,341 691,008 88,922 549,756 910,224 813,644 1,452,887 610,033 614,654 753,184 1,492,226 1,073,387 650,599 1669,362 1 1,008,378 1,147,056 33,065 166,438 564 330,424 179,991 166,161 79,847 120,067 46,640 443,034 349,709 135,636 216,220 254,716 181,286 1742,969 11,170,068 1315,956 1197,772 1156,062 1294,035 1179,525 199,578 1115,676 168,463 1280,672 1271,708 1468,886 106,299 64,866 86,631 75,034 11,390 52,576 628,438 94,024 590,981 878,206 751,715 1,350,219 586,559 655,756 696,469 1,392,673 967,037 359,948 480,768 795,318 979,695 29,722 148,994 854 298,522 185,188 159,163 78,419 127,407 42,811 461,697 362,388 152,643 229,311 263,690 194,372 > 521,330 1,269,432 329,972 170,120 135,543 236,546 131,153 125,063 115,884 80,295 243,985 287,932 421,293 14,364,756 5,266,389 8,591,357 8,671,997 1,424,177 5,739,400 80,043,302 12,012,612 68,055,489 98,910,638 87,118,468 163,363,400 71,312,474 68,585,505 89,068,872 177,999,124 113,976,563 83,461,739 173,442,978 1 102,804,907 112,758,108 3,461,791 16,787,467 55,026 34,867,610 18,583,381 18,428,134 10,147,178 14,193,839 4,854,699 44,796,120 30,320,044 13,651,284 20,303,851 23,152,209 11,789,695 163,651,661 184,024,636 127,115,764 119,832,423 12,426,838 127,382,926 17,868,314 14,209,726 19,999,835 13,770,402 129,680,849 125,181,143 147,099,196 «8M,613,n7 26,840,293 96,509,032 230,724,365 285,306,326 59,905,516 63,019,031 68,125,207 31,036,960 35,046,487 7,058,989 3,840,670 5,319,597 5,826,457 980,948 3,813,632 47,977,931 7,582,274 40,948,827 50,169,245 40,641,983 69,698,100 36,908,567 34,316,475 42,255,044 77,720,577 42,094,814 22,728,511 20,085,687 36,663,359 43,768,334 1,767,625 9,352,694 57,362 15,326,404 10,376,550 8,795,611 4,846,903 7,092,228 2,290,139 24,648,542 19,681,517 7,906,131 10,882,851 10,164,495 6,624,617 316,839,012 34,497,083 7,788,672 4,123,343 3,226,196 7,308,726 2,220,469 1,701,906 3,396,313 1,272,336 8,550,434 8,651,060 17,844,993 1 Includes unclassified animals. ' Includes Indian Territory. LIVE STOCK ON FARMS AND ELSEWHERE. 323 MULES, BY AGE GROUPS, AND OF ASSES AND BURROS, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES: 1910 AND 1900. [See text with lefeience to date of enumeration and change In classification.] MATUSE HOBSBS. TZABUNS HOBSES. HOESE COLTB. Number. Value. Number. Value. Number. Value. 1»10 1900 1810 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1 17,430,418 It, 506, 906 11, 158, (64,817 »822,317,707 1,731,982 1,446,226 tl01,l83,t98 148,238, (31) «12,776 1,314,829 120,636,831 »26, 896,871 2 343,826 365,046 43,322,612 25,860,181 9,978 13,307 688,632 742,021 961 7,344 46,932 238,091 3 1,160,164 l,'l93,372 166,380,823 90,970,287 58,271 69,671 4,236,865 3,927,904 11,201 50,400 494,615 1,610,841 4 3,916,956 3,623,912 460,941,612 210,406,428 371,741 317,918 24,416,182 13,661,186 113,745 280,624 3,932,691 6,766,761 6 5,896,776 4,744,016 706,002,648 269,332,434 665,741 484,621 40,696,232 16,736,828 227,438 443,272 7,569,473 9,237,064 6 1,006,489 953,699 116,636,163 66,098,624 76,474 60,944 4,765,036 2,482,869 28,224 66,627 967,927 1,324,033 7 1,009,795 1,039,516 109,635,147 67,606,866 92,662 70,371 6,388,491 3,216,928 42,142 76,163 2,047,661 2,296,238. 8 2,057,662 1,896,268 170,709,873 62,673,946 191,821 170,716 . 8,658,033 3,269,602 92,672 172,741 2,886,634 2,191,659 9 1,166,007 992,209 102,922,196 27,114,567 165,941 176,145 6,734,082 2,624,806 62,163 156,222 1,307,304 1,297,588 10 873,763 799,031 96,003,843 32,356,376 99,363 82,633 6,312,216 1,746,506 44,189 71,546 1,392,694 944,606 11 103,506 99,610 14,076,631 6,778,904 3,705 3,966 270,476 201,648 364 2,834 17,749 78,537 12 46,073 52,621 6,192,538 3,726,007 1,081 1,643 70,269 90,816 78 702 3,682 23,847 13 77,043 79,190 8,381,854 6,072,032 3,613 3,862 200,626 181,727 226 2,489 8,878 65,838 14 63,161 71,937 8,676,463 5,619,169 948 2,298 86,054 160,121 174 799 9,490 47,177 IS 9,434 11,120 1,411,234 962,429 93 179 10,833 13,779 20 91 2,110 4,740 16 45,610 50,667 5,684,002 3,701,650 638 1,480 50,276 94,030 93 429 6,123 17,962 17 562,310 678,378 78,032,682 45,656,014 25,083 30,033 1,861,349 1,771,023 3,616 20,027 159,271 660,894 18 86,032 89,144 11,726,066 7,188,643 2,207 3,064 201,762 240,380 683 1,826 85,695 163,261 19 611,812 525,860 66,623,086 38,225,630 30,981 36,684 2,182,754 1,916,501 6,963 28,647 249,649 806,696 20 814,607 766.649 93,373,221 46,726,947 73,620 67,332 4,787,578 3,037,402 22,197 55,324 749,839 1,395,896 21 714,091 644,469 81,433,050 36,968,203 71,863 64,820 4,714,861 2,365,668 27,690 52,426 970,667 1,308,117 22 1,264,202 1,126,875 152,396,336 62,604,632 138,447 116,377 9,210,361 4,676,418 60,238 107,967 1,766,703 2,618,060 23 660,936 617,136 68,278,456 33,460,482 41,474 38,406 2,776,466 1,711,641 7,623 31,018 258,562 746,634 24 562,220 479,884 65,460,649 31,667, 164 46,437 41,983 2,927,926 1,871,167 5,997 33,889 197,030 788,154 26 676,609 699,666 84,779,112 39,262,716 63,069 51,399 3,840,249 2,031,667 14,606 45,604 449,611 970,772 26 1,289,973 1,134,467 186,638,084 69,370,107 169,679 133,589 10,873,651 6,369.392 42,674 124,627 1,487,389 2,991,078 27 932,269 846,646 105,664,793 38,747,179 103,616 63,214 6,820,643 2,070,606 37,503 68,177 1,591,127 1.277,129 28 664,313 299,192 78,762,790 21,064,668 61,671 32,131 3,873,396 1,127,100 24,616 28,625 825,554 646,743 29 571,800 380,986 68,788,279 18,016,647 69,966 52,659 3,769,940 1,369,292 28,723 47,124 667,466 700,748 30 870,111 655,460 96,141,203 33,061,792 160,804 73,082 6,647,013 2,316,683 37,099 66,776 1,088,946 1,284,984 31 992,801 828,709 106,328,287 39,830,326 106,937 78,447 5,980,341 2,462,398 47,318 72,539 1,449,480 1,466,610 32 29,632 26,229 3,286,872 1,641,088 2,311 1,903 133,793 84,427 1,122 1,590 32,126 42,110 33 137,278 130.114 16,886,073 8,066,416 12,318 9,938 723,072 456,204 6,842 8,942 178,322 231,074 34 35 563 288,859 814 64,970 32,662,971 66,297 14,104,637 24 1,475 1 16 56 690 268,974 29,972 20,291 1,891,589 780,009 11,693 19,267 413,060 441,858 36 169,667 160,278 17,419,881 9,610,189 16,973 12,963 1,047,242 601,604 3,461 11,947 116,258 264,857 37 166,949 147,419 17,846,638 8,430,054 6,834 6,927 469,952 233,882 3,368 6,807 122,544 131,675 38 76,971 72,630 9,971,960 4,616,638 2,134 3,188 146,949 161,587 742 2,701 28,269 69,778 39 114,665 118,864 •13; 880, 677 6,802,764 3,918 4,626 263,141 189,539 1,484 4,028 60,121 99.936 40 43,015 38,387 4,738,221 2,172,761 2,014 2,185 99,297 75,232 611 , 2,239 17,181 42,156 41 387,795 400,283 41,190,070 22,067,786 38,089 24,927 2,737,998 1,428,700 ■17,150 26,487 868,052 1,062,067 42 300,327 306,426 36,981,004 18,024,501 32,698 23,109 2,467,838 993,396 16,684 23,853 871,202 663,620 43 125,264 136,073 13,110,386 7,403,611 7,347 7,846 425,172 299,118 3,026 8,724 115,727 203,492 44 196,409 197,733 19,363,688 10,020,068 14,628 14,489 757,483 495,714 6,283 17,089 192,680 367,069 45 228,479 222,696 21,878,918 9,493,685 17,382 14,179 939,768 381,736 8,865 16,816 333,523 289,075 46 164,604 168,786 11,296,815 6,184,115 11,210 12,076 368,084 274,190 6,472 13,610 124,796 166,312 47 643,418 2 426,708 69,223,145 2 16,222,462 64,996 2 47,635 3,296,686 2 980,188 34,111 2 46,987 1,110,190 2 636,372 48 1,021,161 1,077,178 78,310,995 31,773,894 98,233 96,825 4,064,596 1,623,489 44,234 95,429 1,318,125 1,099,900 49 251,134 246,284 24,411,464 6,684,696 41,491 44,860 1,786,979 839,334 11,717 39,838 296,478 364,743 50 162,711 131,076 18,186,360 3,708,771 22,449 20,832 1,166,362 278,326 8,450 18,212 269,486 136, 24« 51 127,276 99,077 11,259,690 2,783,644 20,638 19,754 840,676 297,109 5,078 16,712 137,177 144,443 52 264,581 186,541 25,666,649 6,487,282 29,601 27,360 1,419,806 530,164 9,388 23,645 271,777 291,280 53 145,151 97,937 7,128,138 1,943,884 17,500 16,560 369,739 177,468 4,468 16,666 63,713 99,127 54 74,788 83,804 3,681,406 1,466,417 11,270 22,283 256,106 162,878 5.775 18,976 79,422 82,610 55 94,290 90,974 9,149,915 3,026,122 14,070 13,515 660,117 247,348 4,541 11,395 132,091 122,843 66 66,077 58,616 3,450,674 1,113,852 8,916 11,001 235,298 102,188 2,736 10,778 58,160 56,296 57 241,624 191,314 27,839,750 7,794,016 27,272 30,312 1,498,683 602,760 11,071 22,359 325,941 263,668 58 229,646 234,112 23,393,636 7,903,406 30, 154 27,682 1,424,342 480,133 10,081 26,138 299,005 267,621 59 402,684 373,606 43,770,657 16,657,963 41,927 24,639 2,389,191 763,613 23,037 23,049 767,648 423,427 324 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. HORSES, MULES, AND ASSES AND BURROS ON FARMS— NUMBER AND VALUE OF HORSES AND MULES, [See text with reference to date of enumeration and change in classification.] Tableai-Continued. DIVISION OR STATE. ALL UVhES. MATURE MULES. Number. Value. Number. Value. 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 190» 1 United StatM 4,209,719 3,264,615 $526,391,863 $196,222,033 3,787,316 2,763,486 ¥497,982,330 «178,264,738 2 Geoqbaphic DinaiOKS: 1,729 52,416 259,423 715,932 749,257 1,003,804 1,286,378 48,957 91,873 1,396 46,260 215,538 536,117 556,129 850,661 938,787 26,829 94,909 282,928 7,696,310 31,404,071 90,644,355 107,799,330 125,108,538 145,350,358 5,227,444 11,978,529 93,704 3,490,899 12,480,773 30,066,974 38,035,487 64,639,552 51,455,760 1,001,561 6,067,343 1,663 50,723 217,775 564,315 736,343 924,878 1,172,265 39,700 79,654 1,073 40,749 169,776 379,162 525,288 723,226 814,600 19,076 80,637 277,738 7,558,858 28,671,206 79,913,033 106,961,436 119,631,768 139,030,282 4,712,502 11,226,617 80,977 3 Middle Atlantic 3,195,748 4 East North Central... 10,790,212 5 West North Central 24,534,007 6 South Atlantic . 36,711,925 7 49,644,973 S West South Central 47,849,727 9 817,144 in Pacific. 4,640,025 New England: Mai'nfi 11 358 195 429 268 63 416 4,052 4,041 44,323 22,850 82,168 147,833 3,700 2,872 6,776 55,624 342,700 7,696 12,424 83,405 208,409 5,935 22,667 53 60,022 11,717 174,711 155,471 296,348 23,333 225,043 275,855 247,146 255,760 222,200 131,654 257,066 676,658 4,174 4,036 2,046 14,739 14,937 3,963 2,277 2,786 12,185 9,927 69,761 363 97 331 298 38 278 3,313 4,888 38,069 16,771 66,717 124,644 2,916 4,490 8,339 65,747 283,519 6,880 6,804 56,124 118,704 4,745 17,511 81 47,474 11,354 135,610 117,369 207,321 13,664 190,665 253,657 192,070 214,269 175,001 143,970 1112,536 507,281 2,729 1,793 1,227 6,784 5,311 4,077 2,116 2,792 2,690 7,446 84,773 72,446 29,681 53,640 43,385 11,156 72,721 650,497 621,774 6,424,039 2,775,831 9,678,014 18,140,336 493,826 316,066 732,723 7,551,818 43,438,702 1,149,001 1,668,617 10,374,076 25,629,418 764,133 3,043,581 5,860 7,595,516 1,339,760 23,699,687 23,830,361 43,974,611 3,645,821 26,402,090 36,100,810 31,677,217 32,028,421 27,128,027 15,624,962 28,618,224 73,979,145 445,278 481,301 248,572 1,798,535 1,463,012 399,449 167,497 233,800 1,776,297 1,185,788 9,016,444 19,530 6,072 21,847 20,685 2,835 22,735 229,172 364,037 2,907,690 941,211 3,717,083 7,420,511 158,475 243,493 486,580 3,586,761 15,482,282 476,365 346,609 3,171,460 6,507,916 346,401 1,394,622 6,050 2,941,765 726,134 8,677,298 8,415,523 14,454,822 1,074,972 11,106,553 16,200,560 13,104,642 14,128,807 9,989,704 10,636,982 15,707,455 26,121,619 102,741 70,542 51,609 325,647 183,132 123,539 68,850 85,601 138,185 318,249 4,610,909 342 186 406 259 63 409 3,840 3,960 42,923 20,904 69,493 121,450 3,329 2,599 5,213 46,485 265,601 7,164 10,495 67,186 162,172 5,676 21,498 53 56,016 10,800 171,135 154,806 293,231 23,128 195,675 240,282 242,286 246,636 206,452 128,667 219,990 617,156 3,021 2,993 1,675 11,602 13,175 3,607 1,664 2,163 9,949 7,708 61,997 240 72 280 214 36 231 2,939 4,499 33,311 13,986 52,232 97,646 2,379 3,533 6,804 42,452 194,984 5,962 5,143 42,252 81,565 4,349 15,970 81 40,399 9,791 126,934 113,768 200,811 13,185 149,010 200,302 179,522 194,392 155,359 135,420 190,164 433,657 1,749 1,309 779 5,017 4,118 3,080 1,278 1,746 1,927 6,341 73,269 71,431 28,836 61,615 42,905 11,155 71,796 633,272 616,389 6,309,197 2,656,354 8,849,572 16,396,322 469,927 299,031 697,451 6,877,871 37,683,467 1,112,691 1,537,901 9,353,668 22,649,984 748,326 2,967,983 6,860 7,337,186 1,278,071 23,472,903 23,787,489 43,831,302 3,532,316 24,372,211 32,489,724 31,285,918 31,483,905 26,198,831 15,485,703 26,428,433 70,917,315 380,307 411,147 226,432 1,605,600 1,376,570 379,905 126,278 207,363 1,628,923 1,044,673 8,552,021 16,885 12 New Hampshire 5,210 13 19,902 14 Massachusetts. ... ... 16.946 15 Bhode Island 2,770 Ifi Connecticut 20,265 17 Middle Atlantic; New York . 213,850 18 New Jersey 330,370 19 PfinnsylTJ^Tiifi. 2,651,528 20 East Noeth Central: Ohio 834,442 21 3,176,375 22 6,433,775 23 141,619 24 Wisconsin 204,001 ?.'i West North Central: Minnesota . 422,878 26 3,046,575 27 Missouri . 12,401,901 28 439,514 29 South Dakota 290,856 30 2,695,229 31 5,238,054 32 South Atlantic: Delaware . . 322,021 33 1,312,922 34 District of Columbia 6,050 3,') 2,665,146 3A West Virginia 659,692 37 8,338,970 38 8,209,379 34 14,148,187 40 1,049,558 41 East South Centeal: Kentucky 9,571,244 4? 14,191,731 43 Alabama . . 12,579,746 44 13,302,252 4!) West South Central: 9,346,438 4fi 10,290,267 17 Oklahoma . . 15,026,036 4R 23,186,986 44 Mountain: 77,914 ■in Idaho 67,679 ^ii 38,428 ■i' Colorado 269,944 •il 169,785 •ll 102,882 •i"! Utah 42,798 •ifi 67,716 Pacific: 114,624 267,364 59 California 4,268,147 I Includes Indian Territory. LIVE STOCK ON FARMS AND ELSEWHERE. 325 BY AGE GROUPS, AND OF ASSES AND BURROS, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES: 1910 AND 1900— Continued. [See text with reference to date of enumeration and change in classification.] TEARUNG MULES. MXn.E COLTS. ALL ASSES AND BUEEOS. Number. Value. Number. 1 Value. Number. Value. 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1 313,196 279,501 $22,874,602 $11,766,416 109,257 231,628 $4,535,031 $6,201,899 105,698 94,165 $13,200,112 $6,811,184 2 63 103 4,625 5,686 13 219 565 7,142 147 180 12,823 5,948 3 1,529 4,108 130,667 240,269 164 1,403 6,795 54,882 685 967 86,974 33,123 4 30,725 22,437 2,307,669 997,986 10,923 23,325 425,196 692,576 5,426 4,310 968,698 369,970 6 114,108 80,985 9,037,902 3,412,773 37,609 74,970 1,593,420 2,110,194 22,264 15,680 4,938,165 1,861,320 6 10,182 20,652 732,886 1,046,582 2,732 9,289 105,008 277,980 3,373 2,301 474,208 216,228 7 58,699 69,758 4,607,036 3,214,847 20,227 67, 667 969,744 1,679,732 16,731 17,703 ' 2,347,454 1,514,347 8 82,078 70,023 5,098,056 2,438,377 32,036 64,164 1,222,020 1,167,666 2i9,760 22,364 3,141,343 1,384,728 9 7,464 3,730 453,660 109,017 1,803 4,024 61,382 75,400 25,009 28,088 659,960 229,919 10 8,368 7,805 602,111 290,980 3,851 6,567 150,901 136,338 3,313 2,692 580,497 206,601 11 11 21 745 970 5 92 270 2,675 22 48 3,728 769 12 7 13 725 630 3 12 120 232 30 27 1,693 1,665 13 23 13 1,865 630 1 38 60 1,316 22 25 2,038 915 14 5 • 27 365 1,480 4 57 118 2,260 21 51 1,777 1,709 15 2 27 182 925 16,345 65 1,810 9,160 11 41 284 5 24 338 630 3,067 38,262 210 16 7 191 20 192 660 6,162 780 17 21 880 8,109 18 61 322 4,660 20,823 20 67 725 2,844 S3 43 6,274 2,455 19 1,277 3,604 109,662 210,286 123 1,144 5,190 45,876 348 676 43,438 22,659 20 1,601 1,321 107,501 60,244 345 1.464 11,976 46,525 488 260 61,660 18,981 21 9,388 7,320 694,621 324,363 3,287 7,165 133,821 216,365 1,646 1,008 291,217 116,144 22 19,181 13,194 1,467,711 685,666 7,202 13,804 276,302 401,070 2,863 2,629 668,194 223,147 23 309 188 21,641 7,866 62 349 2,267 9,000 233 96 23,932 3,193 24 246 414 ' 16, 195 19,867 27 543 840 19,625 196 428 13,795 8,606 26 444 813 31,077 39,020 118 722 4,196 24,682 219 161 22,857 11,476 26 7,557 6,807 612,601 333,830 1,482 6,488 61,346 207,356 1,614 1,832 280,212 160, 768 27 57,750 47,111 4,836,869 1,939,879 19,349 41.424 918,366 1,140,502 12,877 8,777 3,053,873 1,111,893 28 421 510 31,780 26,237 110 408 4,530 11, 616 133 96 22,916 13,231 29 1,663 743 116,940 30,180 366 918 13,776 24,573 333 196 71,628 19,021 30 12,467 6,671 885,950 293,356 3,763 6,201 134,468 182,875 2,118 732 447,635 116,766 31 33,906 18,330 2,622,685 761,271 12,331 18,809 456,749 518,591 4,960 3,787 1,039,036 428,176 32 173 289 12,760 17,930 86 107 3,057 6,460 18 16 3,975 845 33 34 869 1,136 63,908 66,408 300 405 11,690 15,192 101 69 35,460 6,810 35 3,170 4,196 224,665 192,701 836 2,879 33,766 83,918 783 412 121,654 62,231 36 777 852 56,018 41,149 140 711 6,671 24,293 160 116 25,666 16,234 37 2,734 5,600 196,891 266,401 842 3,076 29,893 81,927 1,017 826 132,654 69,460 38 528 3,081 ♦37,602 187,207 137 620 6,270 18,937 401 247 62,911 22,353 39 1,754 5,021 128,492 261,684 363 1,489 14,817 44,961 766 519 81,403 45,860 40 177 377 12,660 22,102 28 102 845 3,312 128 98 10,705 3,446 41 21,240 20,945 1,640,308 935,663 8,128 20,710 389,571 600,746 4,677 6,259 848,276 459,210 42 26,488 28,674 2,150,423 1,284,211 9,087 24.681 460,663 724,608 7,989 8,862 1,075,066 703, 702 43 3,743 7,853 248,218 390,664 1,118 4,696 43,081 134,232 1,272 1,819 143,747 134,826 44 7,230 12,286 468,087 606,409 1,894 7,581 76,429 220,146 1,793 1,773 280,365 216,609 45 11,203 10,908 741,838 433,326 4,645 8,734 187,358 209,940 3,098 2,479 469, 738 222,186 46 2,261 6,225 120,251 293,766 626 2,326 19,008 62,960 531 683 70,226 61,685 47 26,795 111,810 1,746,656 1426,637 11,281 1 10,661 443,236 1264,782 6,723 12,783 881,305 1242,111 48 42,819 41,080 2,489,412 1,284,649 16,683 32,544 572,418 649,984 20,408 16,409 1,720,074 868,747 49 1,023 404 61,206 12,021 130 676 3,765 12,806 160 128 65, 181 16,008 60 806 209 69,849 6,610 237 276 10,305 6,263 347 362 99,992 10,733 51 325 239 20,600 9,451 45 209 1,540 3,730 241 414 27,690 10,037 62 2,408 874 165,238 33,300 729 893 27,797 22,303 3,233 6,613 136, 732 62,010 53 1,458 632 77,447 16,307 304 561 8,996 8,040 11,852 15,902 163,032 64,528 64 338 552 17,167 13,384 118 446 2,377 7,273 7,104 4,625 73,092 32,162 55 575 380 28,364 9,775 138 458 3,856 6,279 1,160 888 68,246 15,555 56 621 440 23,689 9,169 102 607 2,748 8,716 912 266 35,995 28,886 57 1,673 322 126,687 12,992 663 141 21,787 10,669 173 160 82,405 16,481 58 1,782 1,014 124,857 30,013 437 1,091 16,358 20,882 648 305 160, 777 42,423 69 4,913 6,469 361,667 247,976 2,851 5,036 112,756 104,787 2,592 2,227 347,315 146,697 32^ ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. ALL HORSES, MULES, AND ASSES AND BURBOS ON FARMS. NTJMBER, BY STATES: APRIL 15, 1910. ALL SWINE ON FARMS. NTJMBER, BY STATES: APRIL 15, 1910. LIVE STOCK ON FARMS AND ELSEWHERE. 327 SWINE ON FARMS. United States as a whole. — The following table shows, for 1910 and 1900, the principal facts with regard to swine on farms for the United States : Table ZZ 1910— Number (April 15) Value Average value Farms reporting Per cent of all farms 1900— Number (June 1) Value Average value Farms reporting Per cent of all farms All swine. 68,185,676 8399,338,308 $6.86 4,351,761 68.4 62,868,041 $231,978,031 $3.69 4,336,363 76.6 Hogs and pigs bom before Jan. 1. 35,134,097 $352,157,958 $10.02 4,092,391 64.3 (■ Pigs bom after Jan. 1. 23,051,579 $47,180,350 $2.05 1,868,672 29.4 1 No age classification in 1900. The number of swine reported for June 1, 1900, was 62,868,000 and the number reported for April 15, 1910, 58,186,000, an apparent decrease of 4,682,000, or 7.4 per cent. The change in the date of enumeration, however, has a very serious effect on the compara- bility of the statistics for 1900 and 1910, since the number of swine born between April 15 and June 1 undoubtedly greatly exceeds the number slaughtered during that period. It is probable that if the enu- meration of 1910 had been made as of June 1 the num- ber of swine would have been greater than in 1900, but it is impossible to make any close estimate. Notwith- standing the decrease in the number of swine at the census of 1910, as compared with that of 1900, the aggregate value of swine on farms increased from $231,978,000 in 1900 to $399,338,000 in 1910. Divisions and states. — Table 25 (page 328) shows, for each geographic division and state, the number and value of swine on farms at the last two censuses. The following statement shows, by geographic divi- sions and sections, the distribution of swine and the •increase or decrease during the decade : Table 23 INCKEASE IN numbek: 1900 TO 1910 1 PEE CENT OF TOTAL NUMBEK m UNITED STATES. AVEEAOENUM- BEB PEE 1,000 ACRES OF LAND IN FARMS. DmaiON OE SECTION. Amount. Per cent. All swine. 'ass ill a .22 •as li a,? All swine. 1910 1900 1910 1900 a TTnltad states.... -4,682,365 34,443 -169,186 -1,586,192 -3,145,629 401,158 -1,206.742 619,466 241,231 128,986 -7.4 9.5 -8.6 -9.9 -12.9 7.2 -18.2 9.7 60.4 12.2 100.0 0.7 3.1 24.9 36.6 10.2 9.3 12.1 1.1 2.0 100.0 0.6 3.1 26.5 38.9 8.8 10.6 10.2 0.6 1.7 100.0 0.7 3.1 21.7 36.0 U.O 10.4 13.8 1.2 2.1 100.0 0.7 3.1 29.6 37.5 9.1 7.7 9.6 1.0 1.9 66 20 41 123 91 57 67 42 11 23 76 18 44 138 122 63 82 36 9 22 40 12 Middle Atlantic East Nortli Central... West Nortli Central.. South Atlantic East South Central. . . West South Central... 25 65 54 37 45 29 7 Pacific 15 The North -4,866,464 -186,118 370,217 -11.4 -1.0 25.3 65.2 31.7 3.1 68.1 29.6 2.3 61.5 35.2 3.3 70.9 26.2 2.9 92 52 17 112 51 16 62 The South 35 The West 10 Eastot the Mississippi. West of th eMississippi . -2,526,619 -2,155,846 -8.3 -6.7 48.2 51.8 48.6 51.4 46.9 53.1 60.1 49.9 77 69 83 69 46 36 1 A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease. should be noted that the number reported for that date presimiably corresponds more closely to the av- erage number on hand during the entire year in the case of some sections of the country than in the case of others, since, on account of differences in climate and in the prevailing practice as to hog raising, the proportion which the number of piga born before April 15 represents of the entire number born during the year varies materially in different sections. More- over, the distribution of the number of swine living on a given date does not indicate very closely the impor- tance of the several sections of the country in the hog raising industry, for the reason that in some sections the hogs are slaughtered at an earlier average age than in other sections. In 1910 the West North Central division reported considerably more than one-third (36 per cent) of the total number of "mature" swine (that is, those born before Jan. 1, 1910) in the United States, and the East North Central division some- what over one-fifth (21.7 per cent). Most of the re- mainder were in the three southern divisions. For reasons already indicated the distribution of young pigs differs somewhat from that of other swine. In considering the increase or decrease in the num- ber of swine of all ages it should be borne in mind that the change in the date of enumeration probably affects the comparability of the statistics for the two censuses in a more marked degree in some divisions than in others. Fewer swine were reported on April 15, 1910, than on June 1, 1900, in the Middle Atlantic, East North Central, and West North Central divisions, and also in one southern division, the East South Central, but there was an increase in the other five divisions. The following table shows average values per head: In considering the geographic distribution of the total number of swine reported for April 15, 1910, it Table 24 AVERAGE VALUE PEE HEAD. DrVIMON All swine. Hogs and pigs bom before Jan. 1, 1910. Pip bom after Jan. 1, 1910. 1910 1900 TTnited Statai $6.86 10.09 8.18 7.10 8.62 3.83 4.70 4.65 7.98 7.02 $3.69 6.79 6.38 3.83 4.35 2.29 2.39 2.66 4.64 4.11 $10. 03 13.93 11.17 11.64 13.18 4.94 6.08 6.86 10.88 9.63 $t.05 4.83 Middle Atlantic 3. OS East North Central 2.04 West North Central 1.95 1.76 East South Central ... 1.84 West South Central 1.93 MftnntfliTi 2.89 Pacific 2.76 For the United States as a whole the average value of aU swine in 1910 was $6.86, as compared with $3.69 in 1900. Had the enumeration of 1910 been made as of June 1, however, the average value per head would have been considerably less than that based upon the values reported for April 15. The average value per head of swine born before January 1, 1910, which furnishes a better basis for comparison among divisions than that of all swine, was much lower in the three southern divisions than in the divisions of the North and West. 328 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. SWINE ON FARMS- -NUMBER AND VALUE, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES: 1910 AND 1900, [See text with reference to date of eaameration.] Table %6 DIVISION OE STATE. tjnlted States QEOGRAPmo divisions: New England Middle Atlantic East Nortli Central . . West North Central. South Atlantic East South Central.. West South Central. Mountain Paoiflc New Enqland: Maine New Hampshire Vermont Massachusetts Bhode Island Connecticut Middle Atlauhc: New York New Jersey Pennsylvania East Nobth Central: Ohio Indiana Illinois Michigan Wisconsin. West Noeth Central: Minnesota Iowa Missouri. North Dakota South Dakota Nebraska Kansas South Atlantic: Delaware Marylaiid District of Columbia Virginia West Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Florida East Sooth Central: Kentucky Tennessee Alabama Mississippi WEST South Central: Arkansas Louisiana Oklahoma Texas Mountain: Montana Idaho Wyoming Colorado New Mexico. Arizona Utah Nevada Pacific: Washington Oregon. California ALL SWINE. Number. 1910 e8,185,67G 396,642 1-, 790, 821 14,461,059 21,281,509 5,963,920 5,438,605 7,021,945 640,911 1,190,263 87,156 45,237 94,821 103,018 14,038 52,372 666,179 147,005 977,637 3,105,627 3,613,906 4,686,362 1,245,833 1,809,331 1,520,267 7, 546, 853 4,438,194 331,603 1,009,721 3,435,724 3,000,167 49,260 301,583 665 797,635 328, 188 1,227,626 666,211 1,783,684 810,069 1,491,816 1,387,938 1,266,733 1,292,119 1,518,947 1,327,605 1,839,030 2,336,363 99, 261 178,346 33,947 179,294 45,409 17,208 64,286 23,160 206, 135 217,577 766,651 1900 62, 868, 041 362, 199 1,960,007 16,047,261 24,427,038 5,662,762 6,645,348 6,402,479 399,680 1,061,277 79,018 51,211 95,090 78,826 11,508 46,447 676,630 175,387 1,107,981 3,188,663 3,763,389 5,916,468 1,165,200 2,014,631 1,440,806 9,723,791 4,524,664 191,798 823,120 4,128,000 3,594,859 46,732 317,902 802 946,443 442,844 1,300,469 618,995 1,424,298 464,277 1,954,637 1,976,984 1,423,329 1,290,498 1,713,307 788,425 11,285,133 2,665,614 49,496 114,080 15,471 101, 198 20,426 18,103 65,732 16,174 181,635 281,406 698,336 Value. 1910 t399,338,308 4,002,424 14,656,806 102,738,278 183,456,287 22,834,358 26,661,000 32,631,977 6,114,499 8,352,679 948,094 S04,174 974,779 978,989 153,647 472,741 5,906,272 1,127,040 7,624,494 19,412,730 23,739,586 36,210,179 9,765,042 13,620,741 13,929,127 69,693,218 31,937,573 3,162,909 10,387,093 29,649,482 24,706,885 337,910 1,765,857 9,382 4,165,680 2,087,392 4,638,046 2,562,344 5,429,016 1,848,731 8,951,692 7,329,622 4,356,520 4,913,166 6,170,924 3,824,046 11,997,641 11,639,366 358,829 1,398,727 301,718 1,668,168 276,861 113,714 446,663 151,851 1,674,927 1,570,949 5,106,803 1900 ?231,978,031 2,460,845 10,660,806 61,404,163 106,372,079 12,738,747 15,866,699 16,367,605 1,863,665 4,364,622 516,016 357,573 620,169 649,617 90,614 326,857 3,794,332 926, 179 5,830,295 11,813,168 13,804,893 23,616,781 4,588,898 7,580,423 6,866,690 43,764,176 16,533,936 930,470 3,540,072 18,660,932 17,076,904 234,472 1,329,143 4,097 2,572,524 1,389,808 2,516,410 1,411,516 2,577,960 702,827 5,176,183 4,838,713 2,887,230 2,963,673 2,981,309 1,494,284 14,286,225 7,605,687 281,402 480,338 78,145 482,722 81,644 80,587 293,115 76,712 830,704 1,067,037 2,476,781 hogs and riGS BOBN BEFORE JAN. 1, 1910. Number. 36, 134, 097 238,351 1,076,591 7,634,179 12,642,984 3,877,400 3,664,939 4,842,112 408,069 749,472 54,326 28,506 54,537 62,368 8,157 30,458 364,376 86,699 625,517 1,574,009 1,906', 258 2,603,062 665,921 894,929 833,970 4,299,499 2,800,281 199,707 658,181 1,970,896 1,880,461 34,101 196,415 435 526,328 211,463 802,279 421,973 1,141,385 643,021 1,038,488 1,031,137 815,446 779,868 1,150,767 838,321 1,211,876 1,641,148 66,342 118,907 23,301 110,922 31,784 10,422 42,107 14,284 127,356 139,306 482,810 Value. $362,157,968 3,317,046 12,030,104 88,825,333 166,637,349 19,167,812 22,286,615 28,312,087 4,441,808 7,139,804 804,965 431,973 798,831 809,431 98,492 373,354 4,698,066 935,728 6,396,310 16,180,493 20,433,328 32,416,805 8,284,483 11,510,224 12,277,431 63,976,564 28,578,552 2,797,423 9,598,666 27,167,456 22,261,277 288,364 1,476,180 7,831 t, 507,001 1,779,050 3,861,361 2,168,347 4,647,835 1,641,843 7,934,000 6,693,762 3,678,608 4,080,345 4,607,067 3,183,728 10,440,178 10,081,124 720,365 1,246,634 271,694 1,360,907 241,813 91,479 382,284 126,632 1,431,286 1,361,694 4,346,824 PIGS BORN AFTER JAN. 1, 1910. Number. 23,061,679 158,291 714,230 6,826,880 8,638,625 2,086,520 1,773,667 2,179,833 232,842 440,791 32,830 16,732 40,284 40,650 5,881 21,914 301,804 80,306 352,120 1,531,618 1,707,648 2,083,300 689,912 914,402 686,287 3,246,354 1,637,913 131,896 361,640 1,464,829 1,119,706 16,159 105,168 230 271,307 116,726 425,346 243,238 642,299 267,048 453,328 356,801 461,287 512,251 368,180 489,284 627,154 695,215 42,919 £9,439 10,646 68,372 13,625 6,786 22,179 8,876 78,779 78,271 283,741 Value. $47,180,350 2,626,702 13,912,945 16,818,938 3,666,646 3,264,385 4,319,890 672,691 1,212,876 143,129 72,201 175,948 169,568 26,155 99,387 1,207,206 191,312 1,228,184 3,232,237 3,306,268 3,793,374 1,470,559 2,110,517 1,651,696 5,716,664 3,359,021 366,486 788,437 2,492,026 2,455,608 49,546 289,677 1,661 658,679 308,342 776,685 393,997 881,181 306,888 1,017,692 735,860 678,012 832,821 663,867 640,318 1,657,463 1,668,242 138,464 162,093 30,022 207,251 34,038 22,235 63,369 25,219 243,641 209,255 769,979 1 Includes Indian Territory. LIVE STOCK ON FARMS AND ELSEWHERE. Table 26 shows the number of swine reported at each of the last four censuses. The figures for 1910, as already stated, are not closely comparable with the others. The increase in the number of swine since 1880 has fallen far short of keeping pace with the growth of population. It is probable, however, that, on account of the improvement in methods of raising and marketing swine, the increase in the actual annual production for market (both in number and in weight) has been more rapid than the increase in the number of hogs and pigs Uving on any given date, as shown in this table. SHEEP AND GOATS ON FAEMS Tlaited States as a whole. — The effect of the change in the date of enumeration and method of classifica- tion in rendering the statistics of the last two cen- suses incomparable is probably somewhat greater in the case of sheep than in the case of cattle. No 329 Table 26 awiNE, T910 1900 1S90 1880 ■United States 58,186,676 396,642 1,790,821 14,461,059 21,281,509 5,963,920 5,438,606 7,021,945 640,911 1,190,263 62,868,041 362, 199 1,960,007 16,047,251 24,427,038 5,563,762 6,645,348 6,402,479 399,680 1,061,277 157,426,859 407,590 2,345,759 14,995,448 22,629,184 5,082,321 6,544,683 14,353,903 '175,429 1892,542 1 49, 772, 670 362,133 Middle Atlantic 2, 158, 944 East North Central 13,590,908 West North Central 1 14, 527, 709 South Atlantic 1 5, 720, 132 6, 790, 000 West South Central 1.5,422,141 1105,015 1 1,095,688 1 Includes estimated numher of swine on public ranges. age classification was made at either census for goats. The following statement shows the designations ap- pUed to the several classes of sheep at each of the last two censuses and the number reported in each class, and also the totals for goats: Table 27 1910 (April 15). 1900 (June 1). NOMINAI. INCREASE.l Class as defined on schedule. Corresponding age limits. Number. Class as defined on schedule. Corresponding limits of date of birth. Number. Number. Per cent. All sheep axLd goats . . . 65,362,986 All sheep and goats 63,374,312 -8,011,326 —12.6 Sheep and lambs Sheep and lambs. . 52,447,861 61,603,713 -9,055,852 14 7 Over 3i months Over 3J months Under 3 J months Sheep (ewes) 1 year old and over. Sheep (rams and wethers) 1 year old and over. Before June 1,1899... Before June 1, 1899. . . After June 1,1899.... Ewes bom before Jai^. 1, 1910, 31,933,797 7,710,249 12,803,815 31,867,652 7,995,315 21,650,746 76,146 -285,066 -8,846,931 0.2 Rams and wethers born before Jan. 1, 1910. -3.6 40.9 Goats (all ages) 2,915,126 1,870,599 1,044,526 55.8 1 A minus sign (— The total number of sheep reported as on farms and ranges on April 15, 1910, was 52,448,000, as compared with 61,504,000 on June 1, 1900, a decrease of 9,056,000, or 14.7 per cent. This decrease, however, is due partly to the change in the date of enumera- tion. Many lambs are born during the interval be- tween April 15 and June 1. Furthermore, on many ranches in the West the lambs are not defimitely counted so early in the year as April 15, and it seems likely that in some such cases ranchmen failed to make any estimate of the lambs. In view of the fact that, even after making necessary allowances, as discussed below, the number of ewes 1 year of age or over on June 1, 1910, was probably less than 1,000,000 short of the number on the same date in 1900, it seems likely that, if the enumeration of 1910 had been made as of June 1, there would have been nearly as many lambs less than 1 year old as were reported 10 years before, probably in the neigh- borhood of 21,000,000, as compared with 21,651,000 in 1900. Of these, however, a comparatively small number would have consisted of animals born between June 1, 1909, and January 1, 1910, which are aheady included, under the classification of 1910, in the re- turns of ewes and rams and wethers. After deducting these there would probably have remained on June 1, 1910, about 19,000,000 or 20,000,000 spring lambs, or 6,000,000 or 7,000,000 more than the number reported on April 15, which was 12,804,000. The number of ) denotes decrease. older sheep, however, would, on account of slaughter and deaths from other causes, have been less on June 1 than on April 15 — perhaps by between 1,000,000 and 2,000,000. In view of aU these considerations, it would seem that, if the enumeration of 1910 had been made as of June 1, there would have been between 56,000,000 and 58,000,000 sheep and lambs, as com- pared with 61,504,000 on June 1, 1900. The numberof ewes was reported in 1910 as 31,934,000 and in 1900 as 31,858,000, there being thus nominally a sUght increase. In order to make the figures compa- rable, however, it would be necessary to deduct from the number of ewes reported on April 15, 1910, the com- paratively small number born between June 1, 1909, and January 1, 1910, which would have been classed as lambs at the census of 1900, and also to deduct the comparatively small number of ewes slaughtered or oth- erwise eUminated during the six weeks from April 15 to June 1 . The whole number to be deducted would prob- ably be less than one miUion. In the case of rams and wethers, the number to be deducted from the returns of 1910, on account of slaughter between April 15 and June 1, would be relatively greater than in the case of ewes, so that had the date of enumeration and the method of classification been ' the same at the two censuses a considerably greater decrease would have appeared than is shown in the table. Despite the change in the date of enumeration, the number of goats and kids increased from 1,871,000 in 1900 to 2,915,000 in 1910. 330 ABSTRACT- OF THE CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. The following statement shows the value of sheep and goats and the number of farms reporting them: Table 38 SHEEP. 1 All goats andkids. All sheep and lambs. Ewes. Kams and wethers. Lambs. 1910— Number 62,447,861 $232,841,686 $4.44 610,894 9.6 61,603,713 $170,203,119 $2.77 31,933,797 $164,856,314 $5.16 690,878 9.3 31,867,652 $101,288,730 $3.18 7,710,249 $38,660,830 $5.01 297,138 4.7 7,995,315 $26,898,061 $3.36 12,803,815 $29,326,441 $2.29 470,626 7.4 21,660,746 $42,016,328 $1.94 2,915,125 $6,176,423 $2.12 82,755 1.3 1,870,699 $3,266,349 $1.75 Value . Average vejue Farms reporting Per cent of all faims. 190O— Number VaJue . Average value 1 For definition of the subclasses at the two censuses, see preceding table. It will be seen that, despite the decline in the number of sheep, the value of the sheep reported on April 15, 1910, $232,842,000, was 36.8 per c4nt greater than the value on June 1, 1900, $170,203,000. The value of goats and kids nearly doubled during the decade. Divisions and states. — ^Table 32 (pages 332 and 333) shows, for each geographic division and state, the num- ber and value of sheep and goats at the last two censuses. Table 29 below shows, by geographic divisions and sections, the increase in number during the decade, the per cent distribution, and the average number per 1,000 acres of land in farms: Table 29 INCEEASE IN NUMBER: 1900 TO 1910 ■ PER CENT or TOTAL NT7MBEK IN UNITED STATES. AVERAGE NUMBER PER 1,000 ACRES OF LAND IN FARMS. DIVISION OR SECTION. All sheep. Sheep (exclud- ing lambs). AU goats. All sheep and goats. All sheep. Ii f CQ floi ii i3 AU goats. All sheep and goats. All sheep. r p All goats. Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 United States. New England Middle Atlantic.... East North Central. West North Central South Atlantic East South Central. West South Central -9,055,862 -491,886 -1,480,486 -1,674,039 100,726 -185,362 73,182 -260,777 -4,195,861 -941,350 -14.7 -53.3 -44.6 -14.9 2.0 -6.9 3.0 -10.6 -16.6 -14.4 -208,921 -256,774 -709,907 -365,336 369,218 -153,601 24,103 -176,673 1,625,400 -466,451 -0.6 -45.6 -36.0 -6.3 11.7 -9.0 1.6 -9.6 8.5 -11.0 1,044,626 1,016 3,376 9,623 18,715 5,812 -12,006 644,460 362,752 110,887 55.8 46.6 80.2 37.3 19.8 2.8 -5.7 74.4 96.8 50.0 100.0 0.8 3.3 17.3 9.4 4.9 4.9 6.3 42.5 10.7 100.0 1.5 .5.3 17.7 8.0 4.6 4.2 5.0 43.1 10.7 100.0 0.8 3.5 18.2 9.7 4.8 4.8 4.2 43.4 10.7 100.0 1.6 5.4 18.2 8.1 4.4 3.9 4.0 43.8 10.6 100.0 0.8 3.2 16.5 8.9 3.9 3.8 4.2 49.2 9.5 100.0 1.0 4.6 23.5 12.0 7.5 7.7 4.1 25.5 14.2 100.0 0.1 0.3 1.2 3.9 7.2 6.8 43.8 26.3 11.4 100.0 0.1 0.2 1.4 6.1 11.0 11.3 39.1 20.0 11.8 63 22 43 81 22 26 33 21 395 115 76 45 74 97 25 28 32 18 689 143 60 22 43 81 22 24 31 13 383 109 73 7l 96 25 26 30 14 581 138 45 16 29 56 15 15 19 10 328 74 16 6 14 26 7 9 12 3 56 36 3 •(2) (2) (2) 2 8 12 7 2 \'} (!) 2 3 4 g The North .. -3,546,684 -372,967 -5,137,211 -17.4 -4.9 -15.3 -962,799 -306,071 1,069,949 -7.6 -6.1 4.8 32,630 638,267 473,639 26.8 46.9 79.4 30.8 16.1 63.2 32.4 13.8 53.8 32.-2 13.7 54.1 33.2 12.3 54.5 29.3 11.9 58.7 41.0 19.3 39.6 5.5 57.8 36.7 6.8 61.4 31.9 41 25 266 54 24 364 41 20 256 63 21 357 28 13 210 13 7 46 «5 10 The South .,.. The West EastofMiasissippL. West of Mississippi. -3,758,590 -6,297,262 -18.3 -12.9 -1,461,416 1,252,494 -11.6 4.6 7,722 1,036,804 1.7 72.9 31 2 68.8 33.2 66.8 32.1 67.9 33.6 66.6 28.2 71.8 44.2 66.8 15.6 84.4 23.9 76.1 47 74 67 90 46 70 66 87 31 66 \l 1 6 1 3 1 A minus sign {— ) denotes decrease. In considering the geographic distribution of the total number of sheep and of goats reported for April 15, 1910, it should be borne in mind that, owing to differences in climatic conditions, the spring lambs and kids are bom earher in some sections than in others. Greater significance attaches to the figures for "ma- ture " sheep. Of the sheep bom before January 1, 1910, the Mountain division reported nearly one-half (49.2 per cent) and the East North Central division about one-sixth (16.5 per cent). The North as a whole contained 29.3 per cent, the South 11.9 per cent, and the West 58.7 per cent. For reasons indicated above there were marked differences in 1910 in the ratios of lambs to ewes in the several divisions. In the East North Central di- vision the number of lambs reported was equal to 54.3 per cent of the number of ewes, and in the Pacific division to 62.7 per cent, whereas in the Mountain division the ratio was only 21.4 per cent. There are also decided differences among the several divisions with respect to the ratio which the number of rams and wethers bears to the number of ewes, as shown by Table 32. In some divisions most of the male animals are sold for slaughter at an early age, while in others a large proportion are kept for wool. The distribution of goats is quite different from that of sheep. The leading division is the West South 2 Leas, than 1 animal per 1,000 acres of land. Central, which reported 43.8 per cent of the total in 1910. Very few goats are found in the North. The average number of sheep and goats combined per 1,000 acres of land in farms in the United States as a whole was 63 on April 15, 1910, as compared with 76 on June 1, 1900. Of "mature" sheep, the figures for which are more nearly comparable, the average num- ber per 1,000 acres was 45 in 1910, and 48 in 1900. In 1910 there were in the Moimtain division 328 sheep born before January 1 per 1,000 acres of land in farms, but it should be noted that many sheep in this division are kept on pubhc range land and not on farms. Comparisons among the several geographic divi- sions with respect to the increase or decrease between 1900 and 1910 in the total number of sheep are much less satisfactory than comparisons based on the num- ber of mature sheep. There was a considerable in- crease in the number of mature sheep of both sexes combined in the Mountain and West North Central divisions, and a small increase in the East South Cen- tral division. As shown by Table 32, however, mature ewes decreased in the East North Central division, while rams and wethers decreased in the East South Central division and increased in the East North Central. In all of the divisions except the four above mentioned there was a decrease in both these classes during the decade. LIVE STOCK ON FARMS AND ELSEWHERE. 331 The following statement shows the average value per head of sheep and goats at the last two censuses : Table 30 AVERAGE VALUE PEK HEAD. DivraioN. All sheep. Ewes. Bams and weth- ers. Lambs bom after Jan. 1. All goats and kids. 1910 1900 1910 1910 1910 1910 1900 Trmtsd States... W.44 4.29 4.85 4.09 4.60 3.61 3.73 3.29 4.90 4.02 $2.77 2.90 3.24 2.86 3.22 2.51 2.64 2.02 2.73 2.60 $6.16 4.99 8.98 5.23 5.67 4.34 4.32 3.70 6.29 4.88 $5.01 6.53 6.45 4.88 6.69 3.58 3.71 3.92 5.28 4.60 $2.29 2.35 2.58 1.72 2.14 2.60 2.92 1.82 2.58 2.38 $2.12 5.77 5.51 3.16 2.87 1.12 1.33 2.13 2.36 4.45 $1.75 5.38 4.37 2.69 3.44 0.85 0.94 1.44 2.05 2.93 Middle Atlantio Kaat North Central .... West North Central... . South Atlantic East South Central.... Weet South Central.. .. Mountain Paciflc The average value of all sheep per head on April 15, 1910, was $4.44, as compared with $2.77 on June 1, 1900. These figures are less significant than those for the "mature" animals alone. The average value of ewes for the country as a whole increased from $3.18 in 1900 to $5.16 in 1910, notwithstanding the fact that the average age of the animals classed as ewes was somewhat lower in 1910 than in 1900. The aver- age value of rams and wethers in 1910 was $5.01, as compared with $3.36 in 1900. The average value . of all goats- was $2.12 in 1910, as compared with $1.75 in 1900, thus showing a much smaller increase than the value of sheep. An extraordinary range appears in the average value of goats. In the West South Central division, which leads in the total number of goats, the average value was $2.13. For ewes bom before 1910 the average value was highest ($5.98 per head) in the Middle Atlantic division, next highest ($5.67) in the West North Central division, and lowest ($3.70) in the West South Central division. The following statement shows the number of sheep (excluding lambs) at each census from 1880 to 1910. The figures for 1910, as already explained, should be reduced, perhaps by 3 or 4 per cent, in order to make them strictly comparable with the returns for 1900. It is probable that some lambs were included with the sheep at the enumerations of 1880 and 1890. The returns, as given below, would indicate a gradual though slight decrease in the total number of sheep (excluding lambs) during each decade since 1880. Table 31 SHEEP (EXCLUHrNG LAMBS). 1910 1900 1890 1880 39,644,046 306,443 1,260,465 6,534,864 3,524,749 1,552,698 1,513,833 1,662,446 19,609.675 3,778,894 39,852,967 663,217 1,970,362 6,900,190 3,166,631 1,706,199 1, 489, 730 1,839,118 17,984,275 4,244,345 140, $76, 312 936, 632 3, 196, 495 9, 449, 783 12,882,371 2, 446, 386 2,316,279 14,710,918 19,619,933 15,418,615 142,192,074 1,362,234 3,608,798 10,666,266 13,096,623 12,579,006 2,308,290 14,089,021 17,097,442 17,484,394 Kow l^TiplftTiH . Middle Atlantio East North Central West North Central South Atlantic . East South Central West South Central MniiTitain Pacific 1 Includes estimated number of sheep on public ranges. ajjIj sheep on farms. NUMBER, BY STATES: APRIL 15,1910. i.r_. • • • 9 JJTAH »0« ARIZ. "-• Lf- 9 200,000 sheep. 9 160,000 to 200,000 sheep. O 100,000 to 160,000 sheep. O 60,000 to 100,000 sheep. O Less than 60,000 sheep. The heavy lines (— ) show geographic divisions. 332 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. SHEEP AND GOATS ON FARMS— NUMBER AND VALUE OF SHEEP, BY AGE [See text with reference to date of enumeration and change in classification.] 40 Table 33 DIVISION OK STATE. ITnited States Geoobaphic divisions: New England Middle Atlantic East Nortli Central. . . West Nortli Central. . South Atlantic East South Central... West South Central. . Mountain Pacific New Englakd: Maine New'Hampshlre Vermont Massachusetts Bhode Mand Conneoticut Middle Atlantic: New York New Jersey Pennsylvania East Nobth Centiial: Ohio Indiana Illinois Michigan Wisconsin West North Central: Minnesota Iowa Missouri North Dakota South Dakota Nebraska South Atlantic: Delaware Maryland District of Columbia. Virginia West Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Florida East South Central: Kentucky Tennessee Alabama Mississippi West South Central: Arkansas Louisiana Oklahoma Texas Mountain: Montana.. Idaho Wyoming Colorado New Mexico Arizona Utah Nevada Pacific: Washington Oregon California ALL sheep. Number. 1910 2,447,861 430,672 1,844,057 9,542,234 5,066,009 2,513,663 2,496,221 2, 193, 667 22,770,291 5,692,167 206,434 43, 772 118,651 32, 708 6,789 22, 418 930,300 30,683 883,074 3,909,162 1,336,967 1,059,846 2,306,476 929,783 637,582 1,145,549 1,811,268 293,371 611,264 293,500 272,475 7,806 237,137 804,873 910,360 214,473 37,559 187,644 113,701 1,363,013 795,033 142,930 195,245 144,189 178,287 62, 472 1, 808, 709 5,380,746 3,010,478 5,397,161 1,426,214 3,346,984 1,226,733 1,827,180 1,154,795 475,555 2,699,136 2,417,477 1900 61,603,713 922,568 3,324,542 11,216,273 4,964,283 2,698,916 2,423,039 2,454,434 26,966,152 6,633,517 420,116 105, 113 296,576 52,569 11,207 36,987 1,746,746 47, 730 1,581,066 4,020,628 1,742,002 1,030,581 2,747,609 1,675,453 589,878 1,056,718 1,087,213 681,952 775,236 611,273 262,013 11,765 191,101 692,929 968,843 301,941 71,638 336,278 124,520 1,297,343 496,011 317,063 312,632 256,929 219,844 188,363 6,170,483 3,121,532 5,099,613 2,044,814 4,899,487 924,761 3,818,423 887,039 929,873 3,040,291 2,663,353 Value. 1910 $232, 841, 686 1,846,797 8,934,933 39,009,830 23,287,792 9,086,747 9,299,829 7,226,258 111,656,290 22, 494, 109 813,976 192,346 538,991 166,498 32,637 112,349 4,839,651 161, 138 3,934,144 14,941,381 6,908,496 4,843,736 9,646,565 3,669,652 2,693,424 5,748,836 7,888,878 1,257,737 3,002,038 1,486,948 1,209,931 1,142,965 3,300,026 3', 400, 901 559,217 81,362 308,212 256,166 5,573,998 3,009, 196 299,919 416,716 327,984 343,046 253,864 6,301,364 29,028,069 15,897,192 29,666,228 6,856,187 12,072,037 4,400,514 8,634,735 5,101,328 1,931,170 12,213,942 8,348,997 1900 $170,203,119 2,679,634 10,767,037 32,130,946 15,980,743 6,761,269 6,393,873 4,970,206 73,601,804 17,017,607 1,116,483 309,451 881,402 193,596 41,282 137,420 5,921,941 202,490 4,642,606 10,956,308 5,794,976 3, 706, 642 7,162,664 4,610,356 1,740,088 3,956,142 3,350,846 1,987,136 2,434,206 1,678,498 833,827 43,588 696,531 2,089,779 2,664,556 477,421 111, 770 438,363 239,261 4,191,205 1,179,424 488,299 534,945 437,317 333,040 1217,732 3,982,117 18, 165, 404 8,294,776 16,310,096 6,584,897 10,643,514 1,901,764 I 10,256,488 2,344,865 2,460,929 7,563,447 7,003,231 Number. 1910 31,933,797 289,464 1,057,902 5,536,905 3,053,164 1,345.456 1,342,911 1,153,916 15,262,412 2,891,677 143,738 29,076 78,996 20,912 3,952 12,781 568,829 15, 719 473,354 2,188,951 742,576 583,487 1,433,263 588,628 417,652 676,687 1,014,469 187,249 412,648 177,877 166,582 3,924 119,806 413,273 499,064 120,810 22,368 105,041 61, 170 723,682 429,902 80,276 109,051 80,285 100, 494 41,609 931,528 3,251,686 1,810,944 3,954,463 1,111,336 2,359,565 762,413 1,340,595 681,410 226,377 1,447,785 1,217,515 31,857,652 527, 30i 1,732,522 6,006,474 2,669,058 1,381,330 1,223,888 1,215,247 13,827,002 3,274,830 240,717 61,295 168,292 30,441 5,901 20,656 938,315 24,744 769,463 2,090,093 940,387 548,853 1,508,603 918,638 329,984 576, 104 587,757 340,273 422,042 279,073 133,825 6,360 101,006 353,549 497,247 164, 105 40,478 162,704 55,881 647,838 256,032 157,830 162, 188 130,700 114,414 145,959 924,174 2,995,795 1,611,090 2,498,914 1,089,680 2,850,876 452,271 1,893,802 434,574 459, 158 1,480,282 1,335,390 Value. $164, 855, 314 1,443,342 6,325,992 28,966,091 17,313,989 6, 845, 194 5,795,000 4,267,001 80,791,568 14, 107, 137 665,661 148,381 430,077 111, 140 21,601 76,482 3,678,912 93,277 2,553,803 10,341,577 4,400,060 3,500,953 7,740,957 2,982,554 2,190,295 4,381,545 5,707,617 913,530 2,304,684 974,667 841,651 19,535 648,094 2,022,836 2,410,151 367,950 51,845 184, 193 140,590 3,469,817 1,897,706 181,767 245,710 211,703 210,300 192,834 3,652,164 18,690,188 11,294,338 22,938,391 5,465,629 9,149,625 3,031,764 6,709,594 3,512,039 1,121,445 8,070,909 4,914,783 1900 1101,288,730 1,741,887 6,490,238 20,692,825 10,268,049 3,767,442 3,372,779 2,689,626 42,747,743 9,618,141 709,720 201,388 597,117 125,357 22,575 85,730 3,729,631 109,540 2,651,067 6,790,239 3,776,066 2,341.230 4,737,021 3,048,269 1,205,275 2,610,9(g 2,060,859 1,193,611 1,603,327 1,102,871 491, 198 22,899 381,448 1,135,069 1,554,696 276.389 66,202 221,603 109, 136 2,172,170 661,780 259,428 289,401 240,681 186,840 1125,588 2,037,517 10,106,384 4,947,388 9,391,096 3,417,731 6,828,816 1,061,358 5,695,818 1,300,152 1,382,745 4,188,763 4,046,633 1 Includes Indian Territory. LIVE STOCK ON FARMS AND ELSEWHERE. 333 AND SEX GROUPS, AND OF GOATS, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES: 1910 AND 1900. [See text with reference to date of enumeration and change In classification.] KAM3 AND WETHEHS. LAMBS. ALL GOATS AND KIDS. Number. Value. Number. Value. Number. Value. 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1 7,710,249 7,995,315 138,660,830 $26,898,061 12,803,815 21,660, 748 $29,325,441 «42,018,328 2,919,125 1,870,599 «6, 176, 423 $3,266,349 2 16,989 35,916 110,942 147,619 124,229 359,341 292,513 790,228 3,195 2,179 18,426 11,716 3 202,653 237,840 1,104,926 926, 126 683,602 1,254,180 1,604,015 3,351,673 7,688 4,212 41,834 18,399 4 997,949 893,716 4,873,680 3,283,882 3,007,380 4,316,083 6,170,069 8,154,239 36,069« 26,636 110,771 68,695 5 471,585 486,473 2,681,106 2,003,162 1,640,260 1,808,752 3,292,698 3,709,532 113,216 94,600 324,714 326,176 6 207,^2 324,869 742,316 765,264 960,866 392,716 2,498,238 2,238,663 211,101 206,289 235,768 173,764 7 170,922 266,842 633,666 640,381 982,388 933,309 2,871,264 2,380,713 ia8,647 210,662 264,565 198,543 g 508,529 623,871 1,994,386 1,640,070 631, 212 615,316 964,872 840,610 1,276,231 731,781 2,719,056 1,050,654 9 4,247,263 4,157,273 22,439,896 14,430,839 3,260,616 8,981,877 8,424,827 16,323,222 737,644 374,892 1,738,171 769,536 10 887,217 969,516 4,080,017 3,171,818 1,813,273 2,289,172 4,306,966 4,227,648 332,445 221,558 723,128 648,967 11 6,196 11,496 32,643 42,067 66,600 167,903 125,672 364,706 682 279 2,177 1,091 12 2.126 4,023 12,551 16,538 12,571 39,795 31,414 92,525 496 208 3,469 916 13 5,304 13,875 41,028 68,264 34, 191 114,409 67,886 226,021 261 102 1,033 444 14 1,787 3,428 13,898 16,719 10,009 18,690 31,460 61,620 1,261 1,254 7,990 7,188 15 254 728 1,912 3,663 2,683 4,578 9,124 16,164 106 23 982 131 16 1,262 2,366 8,910 11,388 8,376 13,966 26,957 40,302 600 313 2,785 1,946 17 37,290 46,201 281,814 252,127 324,181 761,230 878,925 1,940,183 3,476 1,316 21,432 6,442 18 1,076 1,619 8,341 9,384 13,888 21,367 69,620 83,566 574 699 4.614 3,006 19 164,187 190,020 814,771 663,615 246,633 671,583 565,570 1,327,924 3,539 2,197 16,788 8,961 20 701,212 558, 167 3,074,571 1,795,218 1,018,999 1,372,378 1,625,233 2,370,851 6,379 5,432 17,843 16,976 21 69,851 70,261 436,658 337,709 624,540 731,354 1,072,788 1,681,201 7,290 4,484 20,905 8,920 22 74,997 80,297 463,735 375,616 401,362 401,431' 879,048 989,897 12,436 8,877 38,564 19,932 23 111,978 117,427 679,784 490,322 761,235 1,121,679 1,225,824 1,935,321 6,080 2,861 14, 192 10,008 24 39,911 67,574 219,932 286,118 301,244 689,241 467, 166 1,176,969 4,876 3,882 19,267 12,760 25 34,419 29,344 193,642 124,256 185,511 230,660 309,487 410,567 4,688 3,821 18,480 12,908 26 93,230 81,764 687,375 399,619 375,632 398,860 779,916 945,615 20,664 41,468 64,239 146,708 27 101,720 75,946 594, 295 290, 638 695,079 423,510 1,686,966 999,349 72,415 24,487 187,409 64,786 28 54, 143 111,164 244,907 412,119 51,979 230,516 99,300 381,406 1,074 1,122 6,618 5,308 29 88,393 85,296 473,063 355,828 110,223 267,898 224,291 475,061 2,337 2,915 11,422 15,050 30 62,239 56,877 380,679 245,269 53,384 175,323 131,602 330,358 3,290 2,399 11,945 9,126 31 37,441 46,082 207,144 175,433 68,452 82,106 161,136 167,196 8,847 18,288 25,601 71,290 32 491 604 2,698 2,610 3,391 4,801 14,666 18,079 88 143 328 619 33 34 3fi 6,446 10,514 38,791 46,835 110,886 79,581 466,080 268,248 1,182 1,179 9 6,305 6,116 4,023 39 26,446 38,576 164,771 136,929 366,154 300,804 1,122,419 817,781 7,327 28,286 10,002 36 67,888 75,492 314,600 242,289 343,408 396,104 676,250 867,571 5,748 847 20,682 2,12e. 37 19,260 44,707 53,509 76,109 74,403 93,129 137*768 124,923 35,019 42,901 43,039 37,997 38 5,558 11,958 12,694 20,203 9,633 19,102 16,923 25,366 24,760 26,576 27,728 24,450 39 48,209 96,190 82,959 132,597 34,394 77,384 41,060 84,163 89,616 84,624 70,059 61,972 40 33,945 46,828 82,493 97,692 18,686 21,811 33,083 32,433 47,371 43,706 40,521 32,639 41 64,472 68,320 276,365 239,384 584,859 581, 185 1,827,826 1,779,661 29,869 11,967 61,665 19,753 t 40,436 51,772 186,379 137,901 324,696 188,207 925,111 389, 743 43,660 25,884 82,666 38,938 43 28,836 71,468 64,959 124,718 33,818 87, 755 53,193 104,153 79, 347 117,413 76,361 94,258 44 47,179 74,282 105,872 138,378 39,015 76,162 65,134 107,166 45,871 55,388 43,873 45,594 45 16,232 38,061 41,478 73,128 47,672 88,168 74,803 123,608 58,294 51,839 84,938 58,788 46 38,814 64,820 84,321 97,454 38,979 50,610 48,425 49,746 57,102 38,308 57,354 35,697 47 7,287 116,224 31,682 1 45, 761 13,576 127,180 59,348 1 46, 383 25,591 114,301 62,687 132,392 48 446,196 615,766 1,836,904 1,323,727 430,985 449,358 812,296 620,873 1,135,244 627,333 2,514,077 923,777 49 1,708,149 • 1,219,419 9,347,063 4,253,491 420,911 1,955,269 990,818 3,806,529 5,046 1,713 22,416 7,870 50 299,386 354,377 1,898,361 1,193,622 900, 148 1,156,066 2,704,493 2,153,766 5,719 4,481 36, 697 20,167 51 872,102 828,271 6,193,297 3,317,543 570,596 1,772,428 1,634,540 3,601,457 2,739 2,666 16,128 11,884 52 194,260 263,143 1,089,087 1,022,872 120,618 691,991 301,471 1,144,294 31,611 37,433 80,644 73, 141 53 535,419 482,867 2, 107, 914 1,444,135 452,000 1,565,744 814,498 2,370,563 412,050 224,136 939,702 472,961 54 164,187 216,187 635,520 491,578 310, 133 256,303 733,230 348,828 246,617 98,403 666,327 167, 863 55 330,295 669,332 1,502,373 2,241,804 156,290 1,265,289 422,768 2,318,866 29,014 1,427 75,547 2,702 56 143,466 133,677 666,280 466,794 329,920 318,788 923,009 578,919 4,849 4,633 11,710 12,948 67 68,887 98,864 331,798 339,544 180,291 371,851 477,927 728,640 8,621 2,876 31,662 10,757 68 610,657 481,073 2,421,620 1,455,064 740,793 1,078,936 1,721,513 1,919,620 185,411 109,661 370,637 375,229 69 307,773 389,678 1,326,699 1,377,210 892, 189 838,385 2,107,616 1,579,388 138,413 109,021 320,829 262,981 334 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. POULTRY ON FARMS. The change in the date of enumeration from June 1, at the census of 1900, to April 15, at the census of 1910, should have no very material effect upon the comparability of the statistics of poultry, for the reason that according to the schedules used at both censuses only fowls 3 months of age or over were to be reported. The following table shows for 1910 and 1900 the principal facts with regard to each class of fowls in the United States as a whole : Table 33 1910— Number Value Average value Farms reporting Per cent ol all fanns. HO*— Number All fowls. 296,880,190 1154,663,220 SO. 52 5,585,032 87.8 250,624,038 Chickens. 280,345,133 »140,206,607 $0.50 5,578,525 87.7 233,566,021 Turkeys. 3,688,708 $6,605,818 $1.79 871,123 13.7 6,594,695 Ducks. 2,906,525 $1,567,164 $0.54 503, 704 7.9 4,785,850 4,431,980 $3,194,507 $0.72 662,324 10.4 5, 676, 788 Guinea fowls. 1,765,031 $613,282 $0.35 339,538 5.3 Pigeons. 2,730,994 $762,374 $0.28 109,407 1.7 Peafowls. 6,458 $18,328 $2.84 1,807 <•) m Ostriches. 5,361 $l,6a«,140 $316.29 29 W 684 I Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. 2 Included with chickens. ' Not reported. The total number of all fowls reported at the census of 1910 was 295,880,000, of which 280,345,000, or 94.7 per cent, consisted of chickens. The number of fowls reported m 1900 was 250,624,000. Excluding pigeons and peafowls, which were not reported in 1900, there was an increase between 1900 and 1910 of 42,519,000, or 17 per cent. The increase was whoUy confined to chickens, as there was a marked decrease in turkeys, ducks, and geese. The total value of all fowls in 1910 was $154,663,000, or an average of 52 cents per fowl, while the total value in 1900 was $85,808,000, or an average of 34 cents per fowl, the average value having thus increased 52.9 per cent. The average values of the separate classes of poultry were not reported in 1900. The following table gives, for each geographic division and section, statistics as to the number and value of the different kinds of fowls reported. It shows also what percentage of the total number was found in each division. Table 34 DIVISION OR SECTION. United States.. New England Middle Atlantic East North Central West North Central . . . South Atlantic East South Central West South Central . . . Mountain Pacific TheNorth The South The West East of the Mississippi. West of the Mississippi Number. 1910 280,345, 6,841, 24,449. 69,47i; 85, 192, 25,62?; 24,495, 29, 176, 5,467; 9,623, 185,955,482 79,298,351 15,091,300 150,884,888 129,460,245 19001 566,021 440,678 511,436 104, 189 364,879 293,912 965,761 333,880 116,639 434,657 151,421,182 72,593,543 9,651,296 131,316,966 102,260,055 Per ct. of in- crease. 20.0 6.2 13.7 19.6 30.3 15.0 6.7 6.7 75.4 49.6 22.8 . 9.2 58.0 14.9 26.6 Value. 1910 $140,206,607 4,975,551 16,346,161 36,609,410 41,207,295 11,894,700 10,272,636 10,393,418 3,005,103 6,601,333 99,138,417 32,660,764 8,606,436 80,098,468 60,107,149 Number. 1910 3,688,708 24,255 252,546 701,342 833,472 626,518 483,741 620,791 86, 703 169,340 1,811,616 1,631,050 246,043 1,988,402 1,700,306 1900 6,694,696 46,851 483,081 1,601,307 1,671,149 810,975 792,170 1,084,212 81,408 223,542 3,602,388 2,687,357 304,950 3,634,384 2,960,311 Per ct. ofin- crease.2 -44.1 -48.2 -47.7 -53.3 -47.0 -35.1 -38.9 -42.7 6.5 -28.7 -49.7 -39.3 -19.3 -45.3 -42.6 Value. 1910 $6,605,818 74,725 628, 191 1,330,198 1,663,291 906,226 792, 289 771,698 183,042 356,258 3,596,405 2,470,113 539,300 3,731,629 2,874,189 Number. !, 906, 626 51,929 369, 706 545,672 809,620 330,054 344,463 348,862 42,242 63,997 1,776,927 1,023,359 106,239 1,641,814 1,264,711 1900 4,785,860 91,421 362, 169 1,018,726 1,397,601 468,918 569, 111 697,937 51,477 148,500 2,869,907 1,716,966 199,977 2,490,335 2,295,516 Per ct. ofin- crease.2 -39.3 -43.2 2.1 -48.4 -42.1 -28.1 -38.4 -60.0 -17.9 -66.9 -38.1 -40.4 -46.9 -34.1 -44.9 Value. 1910 $1,567,164 61,014 295,835 319,816 411,787 151,377 129,862 127,488 32,407 47,579 1,078,451 408,727 79,986 947,903 619,261 DmSION OR SECTION. United States New England Middle Atlantic East North Central West North Central South Atlantic East South Central West South Central Mountain Pacific TheNorth... The South The West East of the Mississippi . . West of the Mississippi. . Number. 1910 4,431, 27, 84, 638, 961, 679, 145, 824, 43,162 1,711,951 2,649,921 70, 108 2,676,707 1,865,273 1900 5,676,788 27,296 117,231 933,817 965,209 908,908 1,634,894 1,064,270 15, 676 119,487 2,043,663 3,498,072 135,163 3,522,146 2,164,642 Per ct. ofin- crease.2 -21, -0.3 -27.7 -31.6 -0.4 -25.2 -25. -21.8 71.9 -63.9 -16.2 -24.2 -48.1 Value. 1910 $3,194,607 67,653 140,328 666,291 862,561 402, 756 548,150 426,262 45, 461 66, 155 1,716,733 1,376,168 101,606 -26.8 1,805,078 -13.9 1,389,429 QDDTEA FOWLS." Number. 1910 1,765,031 37,862 166, 729 232,312 223,998 413,032 342,026 333,408 8,383 7,291 660,891 1,088,466 15,674 1,191,951 573,080 Value. 1910 $613,282 26,865 81,601 77, 197 75,129 143, 165 104,202 95, 715 5,247 5,261 269,692 343,082 10,608 431,930 181,352 Number. 1910 2,730,994 95,451 680,996 351, 162 662,492 280,517 105,950 197, 155 72,741 284,630 1,790,101 683,622 367, 271 1,614,076 1,216,918 Value. 1910 $762,374 53,468 281,768 76,744 103,051 91,279 23,013 31,501 19,536 82,014 515,031 145,793 101,550 626,272 236, 102 Num- ber. 1910 6,468 29 351 674 1,210 1,176 1,416 1,120 220 363 2,164 3,711 583 3,646 2,913 Value. 1910 6,483 8,t-39 2,r-- 8,979 9,349 PER CENT OP TOTAL NUMBER IN UNITED STATES. All fowls. 1910 65.6 29.2 5.4 64.0 46.0 1900 100.0 2.6 9.0 24.6 27.6 9.8 10.3 12.0 1.3 2.8 63.8 32.1 4.1 56.2 43.8 Chickens and guinea fowls. 1910 66.1 28.6 6.4 53.9 46.1 1900 100.1 2.1 9.; 24.! 28.1 9.1 9.1 11.: 1.; 2.! 64.8 31.1 4.1 66.2 43.8 Turkeys. 1910 49.1 44.2 6.7 53.9 46.1 1900 180.0 0.7 7.3 22.8 23.8 12.3 12.0 16.4 1.2 3.4 54.6 40.8 4.6 55.1 44.9 Ducks. 1010 100.0 1,8 12.7 18.8 27.9 11.4 11.9 12.0 1.6 2.2 61.1 35.2 3.7 56.5 43.5 1900 100.0 1.9 7.6 21.3 29.2 9.6 11.7 14.6 1.1 3.1 60.0 35.9 4.2 62.0 48.0 1910 38.6 59.8 1.6 58.1 41.9 1900 100.0 0.6 2.1 16.4 17.0 16.0 27.0 18.6 o.a 2.1 36.0 61.6 2.4 62.0 38.0 1 Includes guinea fowls. ' A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease. 3 Included with chickens in 1900. ' Not reported in 1900. LIVE STOCK ON FARMS AND ELSEWHERE. 335 It will be seen that in 1910 the West North Central division reported 30 per cent of the total number of fowls in the country. The East North Central divi- sion ranked next with 24.3 per cent, and the West South Central next with 10.6 per cent. There has been no marked change in the distribution of fowls since 1900. The distribution of the number of chickens and guinea fowls naturally corresponds more or less closely with that of all fowls, but the distribution of turkeys, ducks, and geese is somewhat different. The absolute increase in number of chickens between 1900 and 1910 was greatest in the West North Central division, but the percentage of increase was not so high in that division as in the Mountain and Pacific divi- sions. The two South Central divisions show relatively low percentages of increase in the number of chickens. In nearly every division the number of turkeys, of ducks, and of geese fell off. Table. 35 in the next column shows the average value of fowls on farms. In the case of chickens, turkeys, and ducks the average values in 1910 were lowest in the West South Central division and highest in New England. New England also shows the highest average for geese, while the lowest is that for the East South Central division. The average value of fowls of all classes combined shows a marked increase from 1900 to 1910 in every division. Table 35 TTnlted States... New England Uiddle Atlantic East North Central . . West North Central- South Atlantic East South Central. . West South Central.. Mountain Pacific AVEBAQE VALUE OF ALL FOWLS. 1910 1900 $0.58 0.74 0.68 0.54 0.50 0.49 0.44 0.38 0.82 0.62 to. 34 0.65 0.45 0.34 0.33 0.35 0.31 0.25 0.42 0.45 ATIBACUC VALtTE: 1910 f0.50 0.73 0.67 0.53 0.48 0.46 0.42 0.36 0.65 0.67 $1.79 3, ' 2.49 1.90 1. 1.72 1.64 1.24 2.11 2.24 $0.54 0.98 0.80 0.69 0.51 0.46 0. 0.37 0.77 0.74 $0.72 2.12 1.66 1.03 0.90 0.59 0.48 0.62 1. 1.30 $0.36 0.68 0.49 0.33 0.34 0.35 0.30 0.29 0.63 0.72 $0.28 0.66 0.41 0.22 0.16 0.33 0.22 0.16 0.27 0.29 .a 9! A "a J5 P4 O $2.t4 9.83 4.56 2.34 2. 2.30 2.15 2.81 £.36 4.87 $316.30 427.17 338.88 211.96 Table 36 (page 336) shows, for each geographic divi- sion and state, the number and value of all fowls on farms at the censuses of 1910 and 1900, together with the number of chickens and guinea fowls com- bined and the number of turkeys, ducks, and geese combined. ALL FOWLS ON FARMS. NUMBER, BY STATES: APRIL 15, 1910. 2 "OUT, • i i "--^ ••at \ .' 9 ,- COLO. i .' J 1 kj I *niz. 1 O )' N. MEX. i 9 i 1,000,000 fowls. ^ -t-f "\ 9 750,000 to 1,000,000 fowls. V^ (t 600,000 to 760,000 fowls. y O 260,000 to 600,000 fowls. '^•^■ O Less than 250,000 fowls. The heavy lines (^) show geographic divisions. — .:.^t- ••••• \i Vc iow5 «( •••• OKLA. • tEXAS • NEBR. S. •• • KANS. A > <*0- 336 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. POULTRY AND BEES ON FARMS— NUMBER AND VALUE, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES: 1910 AND 1900. Table 36 nmSION OE STATE. ALL rOWLS.! Number. 1910 IMO Value. 1910 CHICKENa AND OITIHSA FOWLS. Number. 1910 1900 TtmEETS, DUCKS, AND OIZSE. Number. 1910 1900 COLONIES OF BEES. Number. 1910 1900 Value. 1910 19M XTslted States Geographic divisions: New England ICiddle Atlantic East North Central. . West North Central. . South Atlantic East South Central. . . West South Central.. Mountain Paoiflc New England: Maine New Hampshire Vermont Massachusetts Ehode Island Connecticut Middle Atlantic: New York New Jersey Pennsylvania East Nokth Centkal: Ohio Indiana Illinois Michigan Wisconsin West Nokth Centeal: Minnesota Iowa. ., Missouri Noi-th Dakota South Dakota Nebraska Kansas South Atlantic: Delaware Maryland District oi Columbia.. Virginia West Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Florida East South Central: Kentucky Tennessee Alabama Mississippi West South Central: Arkansas Louisiana Oklahoma Texas Mountain: Montana Idaho Wyoming Colorado New Mexico Arizona Utah Nevada Pacdic: Washington Oregon California. ..^ 296,880,190 350,624,038 8ie4, (63,220 $86, 807, 818 282, no, 164 233,666,021 11,027,213 17,067,333 3,446,006 4,108,239 *M, 373, 615 $10,178,087 7,078,636 26,004,625 71,941,382 88,684,488 27,858,363 26,918,569 31,501,899 5,708,606 10,183,722 1,735,962 924,869 938,524 1,798,380 415,209 1,265,702 10,678,836 2,697,448 12,728,341 17,342,389 13,789,109 21,409,836 9,967,039 9,4.33,110 10,697,076 23,482,880 20,897,208 3,268,109 5,261,348 9,351,830 15,736,038 876,081 2,908,968 8,340 6,099,681 3,310,156 5,063,870 2,946,414 5,328,584 1,326,271 8,764,204 8,066,146 5,028,104 6,070,116 5,788,570 3,542,447 8,501,237 13,669,645 1,053,876 341,050 1,721,445 631,635 268, 762 691,941 133,217 2, 272, 776 1,823,680 6,087,267 6,606,246 22,473,907 61,668,039 69,298,838 24,472,713 26,861,926 30,170,336 3,266,690 6,926,384 1,685,564 877,939 843,163 1,680,693 620,614 1,098,373 9,352,412 2,076,614 11,044,981 16,018,352 11,949,821 17,737,262 8,406,060 8,447,544 8,142,693 20,043,343 16,076,713 1,489,380 3,178,286 7,812,239 12,566,185 665,282 2,305,646 8,293 6,041,470 3,063,071 4,379,961 2,908,319 4,926,462 1,184,220 7,865,468 6,971,737 5,186,836 5,838,186 6,092,876 4,299,479 •4,916,698 14,861,382 566,679 640,009 149,664 1,017,120 163,016 174,972 656,753 107,638 1,366,715 1,373,203 4,196,466 5,238,461 17,776,386 39,070,998 44,226,368 13,631,607 11,873,198 11,910,631 4,656,963 6,279,709 3,611,668 10,095,094 20,819,906 22,596,723 8,063,673 7,613,990 1,363,014 3,099,851 1,131,931 649,131 607,787 1,492,961 368,018 988,653 7,879,388 3,221,610 7,674,387 9,532,673 7,762,015 11,696,660 5,610,968 4,468,703 4,646,960 13,269,881 11,870,972 1,486,463 2,356,466 4,319,168 7,377,469 560,146 1,868,670 6,477 3,396,962 1,628,700 3,212,670 1,206,615 2,088,653 673,814 4,461,871 3,767,337 1,807,239 1,846,761 2,063,432 1,326,614 3,713,943 4,806,542 628,436 598,190 194,078 1,012,251 256,466 1,546,966 327,908 93,668 1,367,440 1,067,743 3,844,626 758,153 467,104 421,196 1,018,119 305,047 644,060 4,310,766 1,300,863 4,483,486 5,085,921 4,222,409 6,416,033 2,686,829 2,410.714 2,274,649 6,636,464 5,720,359 477,368 866,966 2,374,930 4,356,997 367,476 1,168,020 3,108 1,886,768 963,806 1,434,158 889,963 1,458,066 394,557 2,723,221 2,375,864 1,409,269 1,666,319 1,540,006 1,067,889 > 1,416, 127 3,598,968 296,806 203, 127 60,397 393,219 62,419 103,298 186,922 65,826 614,838 582,624 1,902,489 6,879,770 34,616,229 69,703,725 85,416,649 26,040,035 34,837,080 39,509,702 5,475,726 9,631,248 6,440,678 21,611,436 68,104,189 65,364,879 22,293,912 23,966,751 27,333,880 3,116,639 6,434,657 1,718,240 907,807 916,626 1,716,435 396,981 1,326,781 10,265,939 2,342,461 12,007,839 16,904,166 13,273,585 20,647,947 9,724,713 9,153,314 10,304,776 22,730,118 19,992,410 3,097,692 4,936,814 9,033,353 15,321,486 798,345 2,702,403 7,433 6,738,011 3,121,065 4,643,447 2,778,122 4,991,612 1,259,607 8,047,178 7,410,314 4,708,474 4,671,114 5,234,957 3,391,128 8,093,918 13,889,699 923,173 1,013,401 325,365 1,648,246 511,845 253,118 673,911 126,667 2,205,934 1,756,340 5,668,974 1,564,853 870,461 806,461 1,625,269 500,618 1,073,026 8,964,736 1,99.3,694 10,553,106 14,269,525 11,103,006 16,600,728 8,033,631 8,097,399 7,730,940 18,907,673 14,903,601 1,409,285 3,028,700 7,417,837 11,966,843 628,866 2,113,544 8,004 4,690,311 2,759,686 3,871,858 2,664,784 4,549,144 1,107,816 6,849,079 6,184,210 4,737,606 6, 194, 856 5,393,167 3,890,563 2 4,487,868 13,662,302 631, 774 516,412 142, 136 968,761 156, 853 165,200 534,842 100,661 1,196,639 1,290,818 3,947,200 103,386 707,049 1,886,921 2,604,137 1,536,444 1,974,123 1,793,763 155,891 266,499 13,280 6,959 18, 759 38,111 8,353 17,924 300,755 59,254 347,040 382,328 463,364 617,469 202,778 219,982 346,765 664,669 832,670 132,016 199,527 214,016 314,576 23,082 134,098 196 321,930 181,300 384,000 139, 713 293,480 58,646 686,930 637,493 286,233 373,467 537,028 226,258 346,904 683,673 31, 731 32,016 11,002 43, 135 10,780 8,023 14,716 4,488 44,086 61,666 170,858 165,568 963,471 3,453,860 3,933,959 3,178,801 2,886,176 2,836,419 148,661 491,529 20,711 7,478 36, 712 55,424 19,896 25,347 387, 676 82,920 491,875 748,827 846,815 1,136,634 371,629 350, 145 411,753 1,135,670 1,173,112 80,095 149,585 394,402 689,342 36,416 192, 101 289 461,159 293,486 508,103 243,635 377,308 76,404 1,006,389 787,527 448,930 643,329 699, 719 408,916 s 438, 740 1,299,044 24,906 23,597 7,428 , 48,359 6,162 9,322 21,911 6,877 160,076 83,385 349,068 40,627 391,659 546,938 546,693 678,439 506,962 379,842 172,664 282, 192 7,692 4,644 10,316 7,464 1,267 9,445 166,360 10,484 124,816 98,242 80,938 165,846 116,274 96,638 56,'677 160,025 203,669 496 6,665 46,625 73, 737 6,410 23,156 151 104,005 110,673 189,178 75,432 130,549 38,896 162,991 144,481 135, 140 74,360 92, 731 29,591 19,413 238,107 6,313 21,903 4,596 71,434 10,052 23, 770 26, 185 8,401 33,884 47,285 201,023 50,713 362,996 654,979 632,877 864,909 730,234 659, 160 146,482 215,899 10,867 5,520 12,836 8,381 1,681 11,438 187,308 14, 118 161,670 151,391 117,148 179,953 100,397 106,090 45,877 138,811 205,110 279 2,063 62,143 88,694 10,187 28,013 69 139,064 111,417 344,539 93,968 187,919 39,763 203,830 225,788 205,369 95,257 111,138 35,231 2 20,137 392,644 1,801 19,240 1,020 69,756 6,164 18,991 33,818 5,692 30,870 55,586 129,444 196,969 1,166,587 1,800,931 1,729*683 1,574,577 1,117,146 997,826 784,066 1,006,862 40,367 23,693 44,349 39,683 6,138 41,839 646,848 41,560 478,179 275,726 230,478 487,733 446,464 360,630 331,781 517,329 584,649 3,086 31,660 162,676 218,612 13,609 61,603 790 302,623 388,937 386,683 134,622 187,242 98,468 419,379 340,619 212,921 144,226 200,049 68,188 64,261 675,327 32,113 100,148 20,493 308,608 46,300 104,374 133,668 48,463 126,895 160,164 729,793 1 Includes number and value of pigeons, peafowls, and ostriches in ' Includes Indian Territory. 206,151 1,164,581 1,897,163 1,608,512 1,664,636 1,469,835 1,063,662 493,539 631,108 51,459 34,665 46,953 35,761 6,795 40,628 593,784 39,219 631,678 402,561 278,864 486,164 352,469 377,105 167,280 443,923 508,217 1,474 10,088 199,563 277,967 20,344 61,013 199 308,417 375,622 429,868 142,677 242,769 83,827 627,098 486,636 287,598 168,603 304,340 54,316 3 46,433 749,483 8,139 64,994 5,322 196,096 30,803 66,603 111,452 20,131 106,841 160,382 363,885 1910, and number and value of ostriches in 1900. Pigeons and peafowls not enumerated prior to 1910. LIVE STOCK ON FARMS AND ELSEWHERE. 337 BEES Oir FABMS. The number of colonies of bees and their value at the censuses of 1910 and 1900 are shown, by divisions and states, in Table 36 (page 336) m connection with the statistics for poultry. In the United States as a whole there were reported 3„445,000 colonies of bees on farms in 1910, as compared with 4,108,000 in 1900, a decrease of 663,000 colonies, or 16.1 per cent. There was, how- ever, a slight increase in the total value. The average value per colony increased from $2.48 to $3.01. The number of farms reporting bees also decreased mate- rially, being 586,000 in 1910 as against 707,000 in 1900. Such farms represented 9.2 per cent of the total number of farms in 1910, as compared with 12.3 per cent in 1900. The average number of colonies per farm reporting was 5.9 in 1910, or practically the same as in 1900. Table 37 shows the percentage of the total number of colonies of bees in each geographic division and the average value per colony. The South Atlantic division reported in 1910 almost one-fifth of the entire number of colonies of bees in the United States, a larger proportion than any other geographic division. The other divisions which rank relatively high in bee culture are the West North Central, East North Central, East South Central, and West South Central, in the order named. The Mountain and Pacific divisions, however, reported a decidedly larger proportion of the total nxunber of colonies in 1910 than in 1900. The average value per colony in 1910 ranged from $4.82 in the New England division and $4.54 in the Mountain division to $2.20 in the East South Central division; in every division it was higher in 1910 than in 1900, the change being most marked in the Mountain and Middle Atlantic divisions. Table 37 DIVISION. PER CENT OF TOTAL C0L0NIE3. 1 AVERAGE VALUE FEB COLONT. t 1910 1900 1910 1900 TJnlted States loe.o 1.2 8.5 16.8 15.9 19.7 14.7 11.0 S.0 8.2 100.0 1.2 8.8 15.9 13.0 20.8 17.8 13.6 3.6 6.3 $3.01 4.82 4 00 3.30 3.16 2.32 2.20 2.63 4.64 3.67 $2.48 4.07 Middle Atlantic 3.21 East North Central . . 2.90 West North Central 3.02 L9S East South Central 2 00 West South Central ... L88 3.36 2.92 DOMESTIC AiraiAIS .NOT ON FAEMS. In comphance with the requirements of the Thir- teenth Census act the Census Bureau collects statis- tics of domestic animals, not only on farms, but also in bams and inclosures not on farms — in cities and villages and elsewhere. Animals not on farms con- sist mainly of those kept more or less permanently, such as draft animals and dairy cows, but they also include considerable numbers of cattle, sheep, and swine which are temporarily held in cities and villages pending slaughter or sale. The statistics for the sev- eral classes are not subdiArided according to age groups in this bulletin. It may be stated, however, that a relatively larger proportion of the animals not on farms are of adult age than in the case of those on farms, and for this reason comparison between the censuses of 1900 and 1910, with reference to the total number of animals of each kind, is less seriously affected by the change in the date of enumeration than in the case of animals on farms. Table 38 (pages 338 and 339) shows, by geographic divisions and states, the number of domestic animals not on farms at the censuses of 1910 and 1900 and their value at the census of 1910 only, statistics of value for such animals not having been collected in 1900. As might be expected, draft animals are relatively much more important in cities and villages than other domestic animals. Of the total value of domestic animals not on farms in 1910, $463,280,000, or nearly 72497°— 13 22 seven-eighths, represents the value of horses, mules, and asses and burros. All cattle, with a value of $60,816,000, made up the larger part of the remainder. It is noteworthy that in each of the four geo- graphic divisions constitutiag the North there was a decline between 1900 and 1910 in the number of cattle not on farms, while in each of the five geo- graphic divisions constituting the South and West there was an increase. The same statement holds true with regard to horses, except that a slight in- crease took place in the number of horses in the Middle Atlantic division. Differences in the ratio which urban population bears to rural population and differences in the rate of growth in urban population among the different divi- sions of the country doubtless have something to do with the differences among them in the rate of increase of cattle and of horses not on farms. In the country as a whole urban population (that is, that in cities and villages of 2,500 or more inhabitants) increased more than three times as fast as rural population between 1900 and 1910. It should be noted, however, that in many of the larger cities increasing stringency of sanitary regulations has tended to reduce the number of cattle .kept for dairy purposes, and also that in the larger cities the increased use of automobiles has tended to reduce the number of horses and other draft animals. 338 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. DOMESTIC ANIMALS NOT ON FARMS— VALUE OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS NOT ON FARMS, BY (See text with reference to date of enumeration.] Table 38 DIVISION OK STATE. VALUE or all domestic animals: 1»10 United States Geogeaphio divisions: New England 1 Middle Atlantic East North Central.. West North Central. South Atlantic East South Central.. West South Central. Mountain Pacfflc New England: Maine New HanTpshire . . . . Vermont Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut Middle Atlantic: New Yorli: New Jersey Pennsylvania East Noeth Central: Ohio Indiana Illinois Michigan Wisconsin West Noeth Central: Minnesota Iowa Missouri North Dakota...' South Da]£Ota Nebraska Kansas South Atlantic: Delaware Maryland District of Columbia Virginia ;... West Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Florida East South Centeal: Kentucky Tennessee Alabama Mississippi West South Centeal: Arkansas Louisiana Oidahoma Texas Mountain: Montana Idaho Wyoming Colorado New Mexico Arizona Utah Nevada Pacific: Washington Oregon Cahfornia $536,361,526 40, 121, 105, 84, 45, 33, 61, 22, 31 903,902 497,651 646,348 348,963 796,963 212,264 162,408 363,069 17. 25, 16, 34, 16, 13, 12, 17, 20, 3, 4, 10, 14, 1, 7, 1, 6, 4, 11; 26, 3, 3, 1, 7, 1, 1, 2, 796,026 684,475 581,230 482,394 372,254 623,579 722,021 523,864 668,017 221,660 697,433 791,066 700,343 087,169 862,361 929,607 814,834 415,679 942,544 361,943 319,390 213,301 195,972 786,986 835,454 941,674 293, 163 790, 112 162,242 130, 160 330,988 307, 140 483,063 676,772 631,812 625,811 685,338 269,303 474,331 058,367 488,409 255,060 773,612 662,564 667, 162 883,013 658,077 997,977 797,015 Number. 1910 1,878,782 50,495 163,719 283,200 317,763 233,996 268,464 399,326 96,917 84,912 9,700 4,473 6,876 19,896 2,654 7,896 47,608 14,612 91,699 54,157 77,266 47,386 42,015 63,946 61,706 76,941 12,429 17,033 40,488 66,211 1,172 14,710 629 36,661 31,624 36,528 22,398 63,172 27,204 65,719 66,292 75,297 72,156 63,632 67,900 72,980 204,814 11,200 10,040 4,636 30,498 13,649 8,629 16,459 2,006 21,730 17,006 46,176 1900 1,616,422 67,171 173,306 325,728 342,153 148,418 174,616 269,383 56,637 69,011 16,623 6,079 8,401 18,461 1,643 7,974 65,666 17,405 100,346 64,612 62,619 115,034 49,292 44,171 47,412 79,880 84,270 9,653 16,376 43,999 61,664 1,240 14,064 616 28,391 16,762 20,899 16,259 37,886 14,302 36,491 60,370 49,736 38,019 45,740 29,336 126,892 167,415 6,458 6,683 2,686 20,653 4,931 2,238 12,931 1,057 19,121 15, 296 34,594 Value. 1910 $60,816,261 2,060,638 5,^19,042 10,710,926 11,120,690 6,520,006 7,476,455 10,609,804 3,396.652 3,013,248 362,654 166,668 207,608 876,189 117,436 321,093 2,017,616 680,897 3,220,629 2,240,867 2,144,226 3,223,121 1,746,203 1,367,619 1,721,245 2,229,183 2,720,960 401,580 634,208 1,469,662 2,043,766 43,647 484,112 27,632 1,078,182 1,063,931 996,410 657,496 1,630,692 648,004 2,398,411 1,606,067 1,730,648 1,740,429 1,374,763 1,292,087 1,971,439 6,971,625 400,723 357,699 160,415 1,392,350 343,242 203,017 481, 140 67,966 820,626 688,005 1,604,717 Number. 1910 3,182,789 238,037 626,990 732, 992 571,221 203,928 143,383 297,686 161,211 207,341 29,622 18,101 18,806 116, 186 17,802 38,520 303,266 96,384 227,360 188,041 120,632 234,629 100,238 89,452 83,654 123,370 132,068 22,214 34,622 69,762 106,531 7,219 40,121 11,604 35,908 22,256 26,702 14,617 31,628 14,073 49,462 43,763 26,965 23,203 33,040 33,281 77,862 163,613 24,366 20, 620 10,484 48, 129 17,350 15,031 18,287 6,944 44,617 30, 203 132, 521 1900 2,936,881 271,001 609,383 749, 389 572,584 168, 650 119, 172 212, 109 108,036 136,657 34,011 22,367 20,366 133,619 19,980 40,669 306,937 83,191 220,266 189,965 128,229 242,919 102,639 86,737 85,660 154,775 129,613 16, 114 24,945 68,621 92,966 6,702 39,734 11,599 28,094 18,097 16,780 9,865 21,104 7,685 46,648 39,216 18,676 16,733 26,610 26,346 > 35,823 124,431 17,275 12,208 9,371 36, 763 9,726 6,390 13,002 3,302 22,459 20,027 94, 171 Value. 1910 $422,204,393 37,866,416 110,424,383 89,083,221 65,775,491 28,690,622 18,400,120' 29,974,135 16,372,221 25,617,885 4,341,987 2,363,802 2,305,409 19,423,642 3,206,056 6,226,619 60,371,030 16,476,601 33,676,752 21,669,209 13,446,162 28,833,742 13, 660, 280 11,474,828 10,809,499 14,628,589 14,919,261 2,864,134 4,157,070 7,768,601 10,648,437 1,092,074 5,952,420 1,589,340 4,549,316 2,912,306 3,700,148 2,167,601 4,701,251 2,036,166 6,166,048 6,079,213 3,454,633 2,710,226 3,595,799 3,177,907 7,691,073 16,609,366 2,833,966 2,512,517 1,146,358 6, 167, 786 1,083,447 1,121,618 1,866,027 652,602 6,350,366 4,124,678 15,142,841 Number. 1910 270,371 834 25,127 24,933 31,054 66,286 45,229 64,625 9,491 13, 793 67 45 192 271 76 183 3,490 1,519 20,118 6,840 6,710 10,838 700 845 1,017 3,477 15,245 716 794 2,859 6,946 353 3,569 1,154 6,629 6,608 8,436 5,474 15,556 7,606 11,081 14,302 12,907 6,959 9,728 12,226 11,696 30,976 491 679 728 3,324 1,529 1,321 488 931 1,804 i;377 10,612 1900 173,908 667 26,199 16,600 28,376 26,259 29, .'OO 38,792 6,969 4,396 50 30 31 490 9 47 1,866 1,123 22,210 4,772 4,423 6,468 380 467 827 6,238 12,742 236 509 2,800 4,026 2,223 276 3,102 3,495 3,176 2,832 7,600 3,268 7,445 10,691 7,362 4,382 7,383 7,012 15,027 19,370 361 607 820 2,412 637 731 161 340 407 510 3,479 Value. 1910 $39,374,631 140,493 3,910,140 3,309,826 4,467,994 8,^26,466 6,817,499 8,758,262 1,285,081 2,159,803 15,106 6,600 28,458 44,778 13,795 32,856 726,716 259,491 2,923,933 843,667 709,362 1,523,689 105,514 127,594 172,823 472,190 2,184,610 117,747 127,465 399,200 994,059 51,180 666,987 167,553 948,953 781,927 1,302,478 889,082 2,653,081 1,364,227 1,431,117 2,167,605 2,028,369 990,418 1,358,306 1,967,804 1,511,603 3,920,539 72,560 110,680 114,059 601,886 176,470 162,976 69,901 86,629 289, 192 232,230 1,638,381 I Includes Indian Territory. LIVE STOCK ON FARMS AND ELSEWHERE. 339 CLASSES, IN 1910, WITH NUMBER OP EACH CLASS, IN 1910 AND 1900, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES. [See text with reference to date of enumeration.) Table 38— Continued. DIVISION OB STATE. ASSES AND BtJEEOS. SHEEP. GOATS. SWINE. Nnmber. Value. Num ber. Value. Number. Value. Number. Value. 1910 1900 1910 1910 1900 1910 1910 1900 1910 1910 1900 1910 1 United states 16,602 16,847 $1,701,386 390,887 231,301 $1,822,943 114,670 78,363 $365,749 1,287,960 1,818,114 (10,076,260 Geographic divisions: New Bngland. . . ? 96 387 934 2,198 624 974 3,760 6,395 1,244 108 1,100 1,057 2,198 676 1,366 3,275 5,440 628 6,687 30,137 172,036 602,617 76,678 180,166 436,683 106,658 93,036 7,495 28,392 55,472 53,660 10,195 12,360 8,068 146,922 69,343 11,113 38,416 79,862 24,617 16,829 16,278 14,639 8,725 21,822 32,394 186, .390 303,820 322,838 28,434 38,763 23,399 631,322 255,683 1,399 8,932 6,747 3,116 9,663 9,661 22,246 43,322 9,686 936 11,344 7,056 3,190 7,8»1 8,750 17,770 17,846 4,072 10,619 62,820 29,679 16,484 27,827 21,340 46,703 111,020 40,367 32,063 142,821 179,397 223,622 230,418 192,852 238,836 28,649 19,602 44,193 235,476 391,938 434,074 229,204 211,608 220,726 16,265 34,733 333,812 ,888 1,663,786 4,906,525 10,858,042 20,431,262 4,580,168 3,843,137 14,471,625 6,972,636 2,608,861 354,470 231,871 510,341 304,395 37,677 225,032 2,661,944 267,389 1,997,192 2,117,925 1,737,097 3,219,044 1,425,700 2,358,276 1,918,737 6,447,510 3,062,859 667,087 1,562,175 3,220,242 4,662,642 66,420 306,710 2,077 863,903 656,644 645,417 368,167 937,377 766,663 1,119,739 962,553 849,470 911,376 940,275 699,631 > 3,236,008 9,696,611 974,846 369,217 689,970 1,453,971 996,790 744,873 356,621 386,249 414,044 716,699 1,479,218 Value. 1910 44,291,487 144,604,295 282,656,046 460,774,897 96,059,538 82,876,734 213,849,304 149, 666, 101 85,562,466 8,147,038 5,406,780 12,036,500 10,223,265 1,426,524 7,051,380 85,079,858 9,074,014 60,450,423 53,644,198 41,254,718 76,677,866 42,245,521 68,832,743 52,027,617 121,093,322 75,604,620 18,112,978 36,791,442 74,543,719 82,601,199 1,691,980 8,353,638 102,837 22,202,253 16,914,696 13,546,464 7,745,755 15,591,650 9,910,266 28,369,982 22,296,785 15,200,174 17,009,793 16,836,419 12,897,441 45,159,040 138,967,404 27,874,845 11,688,338 22,857,802 32,409,653 20,763,207 14,827,726 9,429,842 9,824,689 13,013,991 18,158,690 64,389,786 Number. 1910 23,016,902 592,792 1,856,676 5,134,434 7,365,413 1,316,116 1,287,982 2,646,716 1,588,268 1,228,507 137, 196 64,330 99,587 179,469 27,349 84,861 894,264 185,306 777, 106 1,098,265 934,276 1,687,616 710,271 704, 106 1,615,596 1,205,465 672,813 703,984 1,078,140 1,262,587 40,284 195,559 12,168 366,332 202,247 192,863 94,364 161,596 59,713 492,496 393,462 162,601 239,423 287,756 214,567 820,811 1,323,681 340,322 218,392 166,646 342, 164 196, 875 114,609 133, 963 76,397 326,189 301,911 601,407 1900 21,203,901 $2,505,792,688 666, 697 1,922,826 4,871,843 6,244,392 1,229,620 1,305,211 2,450,833 1,432,612 1,089,867 140,310 77,233 105,896 208,653 31,370 93,235 934,375 177,215 811,236 1,068,170 879,944 1,593,138 689,098 641,493 782, 129 1,547,348 1,096,550 376,062 505,713 .863,939 1,072,651 36,424 188,728 12,463 326,616 203,286 174,933 88,274 148,511 60,396 497,245 391,604 171,318 246,044 279,100 220,717 1557,163 1,393,863 347,247 182,328 144,914 273,309 140,878 131,453 128,886 83,697 266,444 307,969 616,464 Value. 1910 81,924,491 270,535,686 578,373,706 819,287,782 160,049,647 136,471,419 212,592,335 128,978,449 127,579,073 18,706,743 7, 630, 191 10,896,766 28,095,639 4,630,233 11,964,919 140,414,332 28,489,113 101,632,241 120,579,847 100,663,630 192, 197, 142 84,972,754 80,060,333 99,878,371 192,627,713 128,895,824 86,315,873 77,600,048 110,663,408 123, 406, 646 4,543,865 22,739,887 1,644,366 39,406,926 21,495,687 22,128,282 12,304,679 18,895,090 6,890,865 50,952,168 46,399,267 17,106,917 23,014,077 26,748,008 14,967,602 71,342,734 99,633,991 29,949,730 22,344,940 13,572,196 32,640,712 8,961,761 5,331,344 11,864,862 4,422.904 36,031,215 29,305,821 62,242,037 Number. 1910 4,480,140 3,438,623 1900 2,563 77,543 284,366 746,986 804,542 1,049,033 1,351,003 58,448 106, 666 425 240 621 539 139 699 7,642 6,560 64,441 29, 690 87,878 158,671 4,400 3,717 6,792 69,001 367,945 8,411 13,218 86,264 215,366 6,288 26,236 1,207 66,661 18,226 183, 147 160,945 310,904 236,104 290,157 260,053 262,719 231, 928 143,780 268,762 706,533 4,665 4,715 2,773 18,063 16,466 5,284 2,766 3,717 13,989 11,304 80.373 2,052 71,469 232,038 561,493 581,388 880,411 977,579 32,798 99,305 403 127 362 788 47 325 5,179 6,011 60,269 21,543 71, 140 131, 112 3,296 4,947 9,166 60,985 296,261 7,115 7,313 57,924 122,729 5,042 19,734 357 50, 576 14,849 138,786 120,201 214,921 16,922 198, 110 264,248 199,432 218,621 182,384 160,982 1117,662 626,651 3,090 2,300 2,047 9,196 5,948 4,808 2,277 3,132 3,097 7,956 88,252 Value. 1910 «6e4,7e6,397 423,421 11,606,450 34,713,897 95,012,349 116,524,796 131,726,037 154,108,610 6,512,505 14,138,332 87,552 35,181 81,993 88,163 24,950 105,577 1,377,213 881,265 9,347,972 3,619,498 10,387,376 19,664,024 699,339 443,660 906,646 8,024,008 46,623,212 1,266,748 1,796,082 10,773,276 26,623,477 815,313 3,610,568 W3, 413 8,544,469 2,121,687 26,002,163 24,719,443 46,627,692 4,910,048 27,833,207 37,268,415 33,605,576 33,018,839 28,486,333 17,592,766 30,129,827 77,899,684 517,838 691,981 362,631 2,300,421 1,639,482 562,426 217,398 320,329 2,066,489 1,418,018 10,654,825 1 Includes Indian Territory. LIVE STOCK ON FARMS AND ELSEWHERE. FARMS, BY CLASSES, IN 1910, WITH NUMBER OF EACH CLASS, IN 1910 AND 1900, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES. [See text with reference to date of enumeration.] 341 Table 39— Continued. IMViaiON OB STATE. United States GE09BAPHIC divisions: New England Middle Atlantic Bast North Central . . West North Central. . South Atlantic East South Central... West South Central.. Mountain Pacific New Enoland: Maine New Hampshire Vermont Massachusetts Khode Island Connecticut Middle Atlantic: New York New Jersey Pennsylvania East Nokth Centbal: Ohio.V Indiana Illinois Micliigan Wisconsin West Nobth Centbal: Minnesota Iowa Missouri North Dakota South Daliota Nebraska Kansas South Atlantic: Delaware Maryland District of Columbia . Virginia West Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Florida East South Central: Kentucky Tennessee Alabama Mississippi West South Centbal: Arkansas Louisiana Oklahoma Texas Mountain: Montana Idaho Wyoming Colorado New Mexico Arizona Utah Nevada Pacific: Washington Oregon California asses and bubros. Number. 1910 1900 122,200 243 1,072 0,360 24,462 3,897 18,706 33,610 31,404 4,657 110,012 41 36 24 87 19 67 428 108 636 627 1,889 3,276 307 262 319 1,813 13,687 166 398 2,444 5,736 22 156 6 854 216 1,091 465 927 170 4,922 8,442 1,413 1,928 3,367 643 6,394 23,106 182 4,593 13, 514 9,982 1,213 1,261 287 621 3,649 288 2,067 6,367 17,778 2,976 19,069 26,629 33,528 3,320 30 106 769 121 1,177 462 1,234 2,968 184 629 216 2,336 9,436 114 238 1,040 4,400 19 141 1 621 174 917 301 646 167 5,638 9,395 2,019 2,017 2,733 953 13,088 18,855 145 691 466 7,542 17,469 6,091 927 297 183 350 2,787 Value. 1910 $14,91)1,498 18,510 117,111 1,130,733 5,540,772 549,786 2,627,610 3,676,926 766,618 673,632 5,188 1,763 2,138 3,364 1,010 6,047 53,689 8,172 65,260 76,864 344,683 682,467 29,933 17,806 43,465 332,439 3,246,320 30,570 90,191 644,239 1,254,648 4,770 45,975 485 132, 134 34,276 141,769 68,747 106,783 14,857 895,861 1,160,980 160,134 310,635 521,243 79,200 1,053,765 1,922,718 63,336 108, 226 28,115 165,997 181,486 100,362 75,066 43,940 114,610 166, 693 392,429 Number. 1910 62,838,748 438,167 1,872,449 9,597,706 5,118,669 2,623,748 2,508,681 2,201,715 22,916,213 6,661,610 206,46^ 44,llV 118,762 37,037 6,897 22,907 963,908 30,890 887,661 3,918,030 1,342,600 1,090,915 2,312,929 933,232 639,744 1,146,755 1,829,118 294,669 612, 148 313,629 282,806 7,821 237,808 1 807,756 911,718 216,062 37,928 190,658 114,107 1,364,967 798,520 144,713 200,381 145,376 180,889 62,733 1,812,717 5,414,325 3,018,352 5,408,241 1,434,687 3,370,922 1,227,864 1,866,969 1,174,853 478, 512 2,700,890 2, 482, 108 1900 61,73$,014 933,671 3,362,958 11,296,135 4,988,900 2,714,744 2,439,317 2,409,073 26,974,877 6,556,339 427,209 106,702 297,621 64,818 11,286 37.136 1,763,794 68,031 1,541,133 4,030,021 1,748,311 1,086,472 2,753,083 1,679,248 694,006 1,069,575 1,095,920 682,391 776,664 517,299 264,045 11,776 194,076 30 696,614 970,679 303,063 72,060 342,040 125,406 1,300,832 499,277 323,457 315, 751 259,595 . 221,943 1 88, 741 1,898,794 6,170,680 3,122,576 5,099,765 2,045,577 4,902,547 924,884 3,821,838 887, 110 930,988 3,042,767 2,581,584 Value. 1910 1234,6(4,(28 1,879,191 9,121,323 39,313,660 23,610,630 9,114,181 9,338,692 7,249,657 112,287,612 22,749,692 821,307 194,102 540,260 176,280 33,196 115,037 4,996,625 164,187 3,960,611 14,979,886 5,934,143 5,035,044 9,678,796 3,686,781 2,703,921 6,756,990 7,996,393 1,262,893 3,007,061 1,627,443 1,257,929 36,973 1,146,207 3 3,309,648 3,406,034 562,332 82,462 313,621 257,001 5,582,624 3,021,721 304,160 430,087 330,929 349,049 264,660 6,315,019 29,156,216 15,939,239 29,724,310 6,892,881 12,146,624 4,403,331 8,851,178 5,173,934 1,948,601 12,219,622 8, 681, 569 Number. 1810 3,0i»,795 4,694 16,620 41,806 116,330 220,784 208,308 1,298,476 780,968 342,031 621 564 281 1,894 349 896 6,998 2,686 7,837 6,513 8,212 14,336 7,196 6,560 4,961 21,081 73,837 1,207 2,442 3,694 127 1,566 78 7,840 6,003 36,763 25,794 92,873 49,720 30,776 45,626 84,265 47,641 60,378 60,87T 27,076 1, 160, 145 5,106 5,813 3,280 35,619 436,460 259,396 30,382 4,911 9,410 187,095 145,526 1900 1,948,952 3,114 15,556 32,591 97,690 212,680 219,402 749,551 392,738 225,630 315 253 151 1,747 98 650 4,362 2,449 8,746 6,681 5,281 11,881 3,484 6,404 4,109 42,275 25,475 1,180 2,969 2,783 18,899 206 1,563 73 6,316 1,619 44,025 27,267 86,670 46,053 12,603 27,341 122,175 57,283 53,616 40,399 '14,826 640,710 1,723 4,500 2,669 41,379 236,352 99,994 1,469 4,652 3,008 109,995 112, 627 Value. 1910 96,542,172 28,945 104,664 140,460 340, 198 263,686 286,905 2,766,769 1,849,191 763.485 2,404 3,848 1,166 12,819 2,950 6,758 42,293 21,117 41,244 24,695 24,339 48,817 20,320 22,279 20,656 66,096 192,600 6,691 11,985 13,664 28,90a 493 7,446 587 30,639 22,224 49,261 30,872 77,434 44,729 66,316 89,033 84,561 46,995 89,391 68,178 67,941 2,542,249 22,818 37,517 18,923 92,496 1,001,328 586,110 79,037 11,962 36,356 374,671 353,468 Number. 1910 69,473,836 428,706 1,933,642 14,640,456 21,506,031 8,194,338 6,631,458 7,260,781 669,480 1,209,766 92,824 49,249 98,343 115,028 17,007 56,254 698,495 166,269 1,078,878 3,162,752 3,650,455 4,757,336 1,269,727 1,820,187 1,530,622 7,591,280 4,516,751 334,064 1,017,147 3,478,103 3,037,064 52,989 326,007 835 836,406 353,594 1,277,866 678,228 1,836,246 832, 167 1900 64,686,166 406,392 2, 195, 483 16,439,187 24,861,112 5,791,966 6,856,866 6,623,204 415,945 1,096,010 88,563 58,970 100,510 98,144 12,868 51,337 728,815 201,341 1,265,327 3,286,789 3,840,784 6,082,412 1,188,108 2,042,094 1,458,651 9,851,929 4,634,342 194,814 832,263 4,221,094 3,668,029 50,882 359,812 1,134 999,272 465,029 1,340,478 631,025 1,464,455 479,899 1,631,933 2,008,989 1,443,687 2,059,896 1,320,016 1,474,347 1,335,842 1,313,624 1,575,120 1,788,317 1,388,169 812,817 1,887,434 11,265,189 2,430,058 2,778,881 101,799 50,429 181,197 117,547 34,690 15,610 193,251 104,245 47,721 21,888 18,512 18,815 68,538 71,768 23,752 15,685 ' 210,409 187,104 220,637 286,541 778, 719 622,365 Value. 1910 ;4(»,414,568 4,338.236 16,027.796 104,626,422 185,797.621 24,115.488 28,814,830 33,996.365 6,374,173 8,526,837 1,016,365 550,374 1,013,032 1,092,566 155,708 509,201 6,318,769 1,211.465 8,497,562 19,820,996 24,056,722 37,124,889 9,990,028 13,724,807 14,054,730 70,231,625 32,624,527 3,181,243 10,486,745 30,145,244 25,073,507 363, 276 1,942,212 10,867 4,402,428 2,285,407 4,913,633 2,028,297 5, 668, 070 1,921,299 9,237,242 7,679,071 4,597,215 5,101,102 5,414,976 3,988,258 12,330,354 12, 262, 778 ' 889,2li8 1,425,087 308,991 1,&93,385 291, 637 128, 797 480,004 157,084 1,719,690 1,598,583 5,207,564 1 Inchides Indian Territory. 342 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. DOMESTIC ASITSLAIS ON FAEMS AND NOT OBT FAEMS. The table presented on the two preceding pages shows, by geographic divisions and states, the com- bined number of domestic animals both on farms and not on farms for 1910 and 1900, respectively, and also the value for 1910. The following statement com- pares, for the United States as a whole, the data with regard to domestic animals on farms with those for animals not on farms: Table 40 1910— Number: Total Onlarms Notonlanns 1900— Number: Total On farms Not on farms Increase, 1900-1910:1 Total- Number Percent On farms- Number Percent Not on farms — Number Percent Per cent of total, 1910: On farms Not on farms Value, 1910: Total On farms Not on farms Average value per head, 1910: Total On farms Not on farms Farms and taolosures report- ing: Total Farms Barns, and other indosures not on farms All domestic animals. 83,298,421,619 14,760,060,093 $536,361,526 8,048,346 6,034,783 2,013,563 All cattle. 63,682,648 61,803,866 1,878,782 69,335,832 67,719,410 1,616,422 1,653,184 -8.2 1,916,544 -8.7 262,360 16.2 97.0 3.0 339,868 523,607 816,261 124.50 $24.26 $32.37 $1,560, $1,499, $60, 6,184,262 5,284,916 889,346 Dairy cows. 21,795,770 20,625,432 1,170,338 18,108,666 17,135,633 973,033 3,687,104 20.4 3,489,799 20.4 197,305 20.3 94.6 5.4 $753,237,930 $706,236,307 $47,001,623 $34.56 $34. 24 $40.16 6,008,095 5,140,869 867,226 HOB8E3, MITLES, AND ASSES AMD BUBROS. Total. 27,618,242 24,148,580 3,469,662 24,752,436 21,626,800 3,126,636 2,865,806 11.6 2,522,780 11.7 343,026 11.0 87.4 12.6 $3,085,460,483 $2,622,180,170 $463,280,313 $111.72 $108.59 $133.52 Horses. 23,016,902 19,833,113 3,182,789 21,203,901 18,267,020 1,812,001 8.5 1,666,093 8.6 86.2 13.8 $2,505,792,688 $2,083,588,196 $422,204,393 $108.87 $105.06 $132. 65 6,086,585 4,692,814 1,392,771 Mules. 4,480,140 4,209,769 270,371 3,438,623 3,264,615 173,908 1,041,617 30.3 94£, 154 29.0 96,463 55.5 94.0 6.0 $564,766,397 $525,391,863 $39,374,634 $126.06 $124.80 $146.63 1,943,671 1,869,005 74,668 Asses and burros. 122,200 105,698 16,602 110,012 94,165 15,847 12,188 11.1 11,533 12.2 655 4.1 86. S 13.5 $14,901,498 $13,200,112 $1,701,386 $121.94 $124. 89 $103. 10 52,143 43,927 8,216 Swine. 59,473,636 58,186,676 1,287,960 64,686,155 62,868,041 1,818,114 -6,212,519 -8.1 -4,682,365 -7.4 -630, 154 -29.2 97.8 2.2 $409,414,568 $399,338,308 $10; 076, 260 $6.88 $6.86 $7.82 4,699,687 4,851,761 347,936 Sheep. 82,838,748 52,447,861 390,887 61,735,014 61,603,713 231,301 -9,066,862 -14.7 159,586 69.0 99.3 0.7 $234,664,528 $232,841,686 $1,822,943 $4.44 $4.44 $4.66 617,034 610,894 Gk>ats. 3,029,796 2,915,125 114,670 1,948,952 1,870,599 78,353 1,080,843 66.5 1,044,526 55.8 36,317 46.4 96.2 3.8 $6,642,172 $6,176,423 $366,749 $2.16 $2.12 $3.19 106,500 82,765 23,745 1 A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease. It. will be seen that in 1910 the total value of do- mestic animals, both on farms and not on farms, was $5,296,422,000, of which domestic animals not on farms contributed $536,362,000, or a little over one- tenth. Of the total number of horses, mules, and asses and burros in the country those not on farms constituted 12.6 per cent, while the corresponding proportion for cattle was only 3 per cent, for swine only 2.2 per cent, and for sheep only seven-tenths of 1 per cent. Of the cattle not on farms about three- fifths were dairy cows. Between 1900 and 1910 there was an increase of 16.2 per cent in the number of cattle not on farms, as against a decrease in those on farms. The rate' of increase in the number of horses, mules, and asses and burros taken together was nearly the same for those not on farms as for those on farms. The changes in the number of swine and sheep not on farms have probably little significance. For every class of animals, except the unimportant class of asses and burros, the average value per head in 1910 was higher in the case of those not on farms than in the case of those on farms. This is due in part to the fact that a relatively larger proportion of the animals not on farms are of adult age than in the case of those on farms. Chapter 12. LIVE STOCK PEODUCTS, AND D0M:^STIC ANIMALS SOLD OR SLAUGHTERED ON FARMS. Introduction. — This chapter summarizes the data collected by the Thirteenth Decennial Census for dairy products, wool and mohair, poultry and eggs, honey and wax, and domestic animals sold or slaughtered on farms. The returns for these items at the census of 1910, like those for crops, relate to the activities of the calendar year 1909. . It is impossible to give a total representing the value of the annual production of live stock products, for the reason that the total value of products of the business of raising domestic animals for use, sale, or slaughter can not be calculated from the census returns. And even if a total representing the value of the annual production of Hve stock products could be obtained and were added to the value of all crops (data for which are presented in Chapter 13), the sum would not accurately represent the total value of farm products for the year, because much duplication would result from the fact that part of the crops are fed to the live stock. DAIEY PRODUCTS. United States as a whole: 1909 and 1899. — The census statistics of dairy products are somewhat less complete and accurate than is beheved to be the case with the statistics of the principal crops. While many farms make the dairy business the main or an impor- tant feature of their operations, yet for the great majority it is more or less incidental, cows being kept chiefly for breeding purposes or to supply milk and butter for the farmer's family. On such farms in particular, records of dairy products are seldom kept, ' arid farmers are usually able to make only rough esti- mates regarding them, and in many cases are unwill- ing to make any estimates at all. Especial difficulty is encountered in securing reports of the total quantity of milk produced. In many instances, even when farmers make replies to aU the inquiries, it is probable that they understate the production, particularly by neglecting or underestimating the home consumption of milk and other dairy products. The incompleteness of the returns is indicated by the fact that, while there were 5,140,869 farms in the United States for which the enumerators reported dairy cows on AprH 15, 1910, for only 4,413,333 of these farms were dairy products of any ^dnd reported as produced in 1909, and for only 4,0i .,460 was the quantity of milk produced in 1909 stated. The total number of dairy cows on farms April 15, 1910, was reported as 20,625,000, while the number on farms which reported the production of any kind of dairy products.in 1909 was 18,746,000, or 90.9 per cent of the total number, and the number on farms which reported the production of milk in 1909 was 16,069,000, or 77.9 per cent of the total. In considering these figures, however, it should be borne in mind that there is no precise distinction between dairy cows and cows not kept for their milk. In a considerable number of cases enumerators probably reported as dairy cows animals which in fact were primarily kept for breeding purposes and which were only milked for short periods, if at all, during the preceding year. Because of this indefiniteness in the returns for dairy cows it has not been considered desirable to make estimates of the production of milk or other dairy products on farms which reported dairy cows but failed to report the quantity of mUk produced or failed to report dairy products of any kind. At the Twelfth Census estimates of this character were made to a considerable extent, and for this reason the statis- tics pubhshed for that census are not closely com- parable with those for the Thirteenth Census. The statistics of butter and cheese for the two censuses are, however, more nearly comparable than those for milk. Table 1, on page 344, shows, for the United States, data regarding dairy products in 1909, as reported by the enumerators, together with certaia items for 1899, as published in the reports of the Twelfth Census. The total quantity of milk reported as produced on farms in 1909 was 5,814,000,000 gallons. There were, on April 15, 1910, 16,069,000 dairy cows on the farms reporting this milk. Assuming that there were the same number of cows in 1909, the average production of milk per cow would be 362 gallons. The total value of dairy products of farms in 1909, exclusive of milk and cream consumed on the farm, was reported as $596,413,000. This represents the sum of the receipts from the sale of milk, cream, and butter fat (amounting in all to $372,403,000), and the value of all butter and cheese produced on farms, whether sold or retained for home use (amounting to $224,010,000). (343) 344 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. Table 1 FARMS 1 EE POSTING. Number or quantity. Unit. VALUE. Number, j §^ Total. "a Dairy cows od farms April 16, 1910 5,140,869 SO- 8 20,625,432 18,745,662 16,069,298 5,813,699,474 994,660,610 On farms reporting dairy products in 1909. On farms reporting millr produced in 1909. Specified dairy products of farms, 1909: 4,413,3331 69.4 4,021,460' 63.2 i 1 Gals.. 3,787,749 12,064 493,916 164,117 361,126 1,785,408 6,019 59.5 0.2 7.8 2.6 6.7 28.1 0.1 T.hs__ $222,861,440 1,148,708 262,436,757 37,655,047 82,311,511 100,378,123 987,974 473,769,412 696,413,463 SO 22 Cheese made 9,405,864! Lh,, 239, 873 (») m 188,799 ,115,811 C) 780,111 721,410 ,'068,701 92,032,196 61,454,627 40,677,569 233,986,360 154,829,824 79,156,526 403,208,930 287,878,290 115,330,640 407,632,767 251,226,460 156,406,307 92,883,312 89,111,226 3,772,086 (») 97,541,277 (') 88,856,542 88,382,053 474,489 m 14,869,383 m 64,653,831 36,332,916 18,320,915 -10,721,844 C) -68,593,832 -66,687,696 -2,006,236 20,929,067 —56,911,414 77,840,481 37,091,437 -50,054,182 87,145,619 34,159,326 38,698,596 (?) (=) 39,806,746 m m 3,246,428 m 30,126,280 -8,611,606 38,737,786 -20.8 (.') -29.3 -43.0 -2.6 5.2 -19.8 67.6 9.1 -19.9 55.7 m 38.3 (») (•) 39.7 (.') m 45.0 m ■ m 21.8 (.') -is.? 211.4 3,676,609 673,865 3,002,744 118,339,484 1,910,649 116,428,935 180,423,449 1,891,208 178,532,241 (?) 473,196 (') 480,805 (') 93,971 93,971 (') 424,482 « W 457,740 (>) 9,208,931 3,000,048 6,208,883 6,968,700 1,003,103 5,955,597 141,259,571 3,506,096 137,753,475 120,279,089 3,636,013 116,643,076 13,667,004 1,684,109 11,982,895 480,448 112,860 m 137,327 473,381 336,113 137,268 C) 720,596 P) 10,222,747 4,868,513 5,354,234 -3,282,091 -329,238 -2,952,853 -22,920,087 -1,695,847 -21,324,540 60,144,360 -1,744,805 61,889,165 (') -1,210,913 (') 357 m -43,356 (') m 88,369 (?) -262,856 « -1,013,816 -1,868,465 854,649 -47.2 -32.8 -49.6 -16.2 -45.5 -16.5 60.0 -48.0 63.1 P) -71.9 (') C) 0.1 (') m -31.6 m m . 28.3 m m -36.5 (') -9.9 -38.4 16.0 (?) 100.0 53.4 40 6 100.0 64.5 45.5 100.0 45.2 54.8 100.0 32.7 67.3 100.0 55.9 44.1 100.0 66.2 100.0 71.4 100.0 61.6 38.4 100.0 95.9 4.1 100.0 99.5 0.5 100.0 69.5 33.5 100.0 18.3 81.7 100.0 1.6 98.4 100.0 1.0 99.0 (>) m 100.0 100.0 100.0 32.6 67.4 100.0 14.4 85.6 97.5 100.0 3.0 97.0 100.0 12.3 87.7 100.0 81.0 19.0 100.0 71.0 29.0 100.0 47.6 52.4 * See footnote 2, TaWe 1, p. 344. 1 A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease. Vable 5 United States. New England Middle Atlantic East North Central. West North Central. South Atlantic East South Central. West South Central. Mountain Pacific pee cent op united states total. Butter. Total. 1909 1899 100.0 (1) 10.2 26.2 27.5 n\ 5.2 100.0 6.2 16.7 27.0 27.3 6.2 (•) 6.0 (') 3.7 1909 1899 Made on farms. 100.0 4.1 8.9 23.2 20.2 12.4 13.7 12.9 1.8 2.8 100.0 4.8 14.4 26.9 23.4 8.3 9.1 8.2 1.4 3.4 Made in factories. 1909 1899 100.0 (0 12.3 30 39.0 100.0 9.7 18.8 27.5 37.2 0.9 (') 0.1 0) 4.4 Cheese. Total. 1909 1899 100.0 1.1 36.9 66.3 2.9 100.0 2.3 47.3 40.3 4.6 0.2 (■) 3.4 Made farms: 1909 100.0 7.2 20.3 20.1 5.0 5.1 1.0 4.5 4.9 31.9 Made in facto- ries: 1909 100.0 1.0 37.4 67.4 8 I. 1 Can not be shown separately, as to do so would disclose individual operations, s Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. Tables 9 and 10, on subsequent pages sbow, by states, statistics of the dairy products of farms, and the quan- tity of butter and cheese made in factories, with the total made on farms and in factories. In 1909 the lead- ing dairy states, as judged by the total value of the farm production (excluding milk and cream used at home), were New York, Wisconsin, Pennsylvania, Illi- nois, Iowa, Ohio, Minnesota, Michigan, and California, in each of which the value reported exceeded $20,000,000. In the production of butter (on farms and ia factories combined) Wisconsia was the leading state, followed by Iowa, Minnesota, Pennsylvania, Michigan, Ohio, Illinois, and New York. A large part 2 Can not be shown separately, as to do so would disclose Individual operations. of the milk produced in- New York is sold for consump- tion in the cities, and a large proportion is also used in making cheese. New York ranked next to Wis- consin in the production of cheese, and in no other state did the quantity produced equal one-seventh of that reported for New York. In the combined production of butter and cheese Wisconsin led, with 279,992,000 pounds, followed by New York, with 174,944,000 pounds. Sales of dairy products, by divisions and states. — Table 6 shows, by geographic divisions, the quantity and value of dairy products sold by farmers. Sales of buttej; and cheese by factories are not shown, as they are substantially the same as the production. Comparisons between divisions as to the percentage which milk sold as such — ^which does not include milk paid for on the basis of cream or butter fat content — forms of the total milk produced would have compara- tively little significance. As shown by the percent- ages in Table 6, there are wide diflferences arnong the geographic divisions with respect to the ratio which the quantity of butter and, to a less degree, of cheese, sold bears to the total production. In the North and West a large proportion of the butter made on farms is sold, the percentages in 1909 ranging from 42.2 in the Mountain division to 72.5 in New England. In the South a much smaller proportion is sold, the per- centages ranging from 16.7 in the East South Central division to 27.5 in the South Atlantic. In a majority LIVE STOCK PRODUCTS. 347 Table 6 Amount received from sales of dairy products by farmers: 1909 Millr sold (gallons): 1909 Cream sold (gallons): 1909 Butter fat sold (pounds): 1909 BUTTER SOLD BY rABMERS (POUNDS). CHEESE SOLD BY FARMERS (POUNDS). RATIO OF SALES TO TOTAL PRODUCTION (PER CENT). DIVISION. Butter. Cheese. 1909 1899 1909 1899 1909 1899 1909 1899 TTnited States: Quantity sold 1,937,265,864 $262,436,767 61,933,583 $37,665,047 305,662,687 $82,311,511 416,080,489 $100,378,183 618,042,767 $86,670,973 8,136,901 $987,974 14,692,642 $1,342,444 41.7 48.3 86.6 89.7 Amount iscelved.... $473,7611,412 Naw Enoianb: Quantity sold 176,209,769 $31,344,948 750,556,634 $93,644,462 661,302,433 $73,063,198 144,637,918 818,214,700 45,378,866 88,603,976 22,693,214 84,126,971 21,070,626 84,700,646 31,108,666 86,346,099 85,497,749 813,391,768 4,469,060 83,168,909 2,446,696 81,713,979 15^272,040 810,157,366 22,699,643 814,630,377 1,027,441 8743,112 368,959 8265,754 1,064,000 8795,188 1,549,881 $1,230,340 6,135,863 $5,050,022 14,599,430 84,413,631 44,023,628 812,223,106 86,099,734 823,128,671 123,176,904 831,270,493 605,904 8126,727 217,860 $69,062 4,466,810 $1,016,068 4,799,182 81,362,095 28,774,135 88,723,668 29,528,001 $8,633,864 57,828,247 $16,229,862 135,159,149 $31,856,809 88,186,732 $20,333,127 33,888,871 $7,622,916 22,688,468 $4,842,959 24,321,179 $5,381,690 7,636,775 $2,166,918 16,844,067 $4,410,978 38,864,031 $8,193,207 106,919,914 820,153,646 162,381,475 824,820,189 122,614,081 $17,876,636 24,432,666 $4,214,943 16,600,683 $2,731,995 16,745,423 $2,499,218 7,092,466 $1,518,094 23,602,129 $4,564,047 691,008 $76,865 1,752,682 $177,640 1,718,462 $196,727 334,300 $41,639 386,920 $42,008 64,748 86,535 270,967 829,566 307,141 $45,931 2,711,673 $371,063 870,036 $98,667 3,368,354 $306,062 3,317,844 8273,200 1,331,797 8126,771 436,703 $25,040 77,591 $7,847 231,316 $20,370 554,371 861,123 4,614,630 8423,374 72.5 75.6 87.7 86.7 Amount received $47,638,217 Middle Atlantic: Quantity sold 66.6 69.1 91.7 95.8 Amount received $122,989,049 BiHW North Central: Quantity gold 58.5 56.4 90.9 91.2 Amount received 8138,401,771 ■Vf EST North Centkai: Quantity sold 43.8 48.8 70.6 Amount received 884,390,336 South Atlantic: Quantity sold 27.6 27.4 80.3 90 9 Amount received 817,137,738 East South Central: Quantity sold 16.7 16.9 68.9 Amount received 89,301,281 West South Central: 19.0 17.8 63.8 Amount received... 811,922,168 Mountain: 42.2 47.7 67.1 Ajnount received 810,141,383 Pacific: Quantity sold 57.2 64.7 90.4 92 7 Amount received 831,947,479 of the dmaions a smaller proportion was sold in 1909 than in 1899. In total Talue of dairy products sold by farmers in 1909, the East North Central division ranked first, followed by the Middle Atlantic and West North Central, these three divisions together reporting 73 per cent of the total for the United States. Table 7 shows, by geographic divisions, the average value per gallon or per pound of the several classes of dairy products sold by farmers. Table 7 AVERAGE VALUE OF PRODUCTS SOLD BY FARMERS. DIVISION. Milk, gaUon: 1909 Cream, gallon: 1909 Butter fat per pound: 1909 Butter, per pound. Cheese, per pound. 1909 1899 1909 1899 TTnitsd States.... $0,130 0.179 0.126 0.110 0.126 0.190 0.183 0.223 0.172 0.157 $0,685 0.709 0.701 0.665 0.643 0.723 0.720 0.747 0.794 0.823 $0,269 0.302 0.278 0.272 0.254 0.249 0.271 0.227 0.282 0.303 $0,242 0.289 0.263 0.236 0.231 0.225 0.213 0.221 0.284 0.278 $0,167 0.211 0.188 0.153 0.146 0.173 0.166 0.159 0.214 0.194 $0,121 0.130 0.101 0.114 0.125 0.109 0.101 0.109 0.150 0.137 $0,091 0.113 Middle Atlantic East North Central. . . . West North Central. . . . 0.091 0.082 0.095 0.057 East South Central West South Central.. . . 0.101 0.088 0.110 Pacific . 0.094 The average value of butter sold by farmers in the United States as a whole was 24.2 cents per pound in 1909, as compared with 16.7 cents in 1899, an increase of 44.9 per cent. In 1909 the average value was highest in New England, 28.9 cents, and lowest in the East South Central division, 21.3 cents. The average value of cheese sold increased from 9.1 cents per pound in 1899 to 12.1 cents in 1909, or 33 per cent. In the latter year the average ranged from 10.1 cents in the Middle Atlantic and East South Central divisions to 15 cents in the Mountaia division. Table 8 shows, by states, the sales of dairy products. Table 8 SALES OF SPECIFIED DAIRY PRODUCTS BY FARMERS: 1909 STATE. Receipts from sales (dollars). Milk Cream Butter fat Butter Cheese (gallons). (gallons). (pounds). (pounds). (pounds). United States. 473,769,412 1,937,266,864 64,933,583 305,662,687 416,080,489 8,136,901 N. England: Maine 6,722,779 12,784,866 737,706 4,060,344 8,389,817 94,244 N. Hampshire Vermont 5,130,057 21,132,268 380,944 566,229 3,510,593 168,705 11,501,577 33,998,934 2,353,686 7,766,396 12,892,124 238,319 Massachusetts 14,840,927 64,496,692 601,876 1,148,019 2,220,311 32,490 Rhode Island 2,017,444 8,796,847 42,421 6,347 177,322 2,176 Connecticut. . 7,325,433 34,000,152 462,427 1,063,096 2,337,834 55,075 Mid. Atlantic: New York--. 74,939,815 624,279,723 1,207,174 36,249,617 12,630,113 334,301 New Jersey.. 9,686,352 66,856,550 79,485 249,657 2,003,029 42,462 Pennsylvania 38,363,882 169,420,361 1,160,037 7,524,454 43,195,105 1,376,919 OMo 26,574,635 99,430,948 2,191,997 1,347,660 7,563,627 6,361,831 39,252,326 24,715,894 Indiana 12,768,710 32,662,414 39,868 Illinois 26,720,849 158,031,333 2,104,352 4,637,745 24,442,251 64,502 Michigan 22,099,178 74,026,769 2,485,061 18,287,691 30,010,783 284,026 wisconsm 51,238,399 297,251,969 7,142,970 48,248,940 16,737,896 821,426 Minnesota 25,214,222 53,181,786 5,756,165 40,414,151 18,016,409 79,045 26,429,743 66,241,511 8,062,449 1,399,989 42,917,696 4,927,383 17,917,387 14,646,771 61,160 104,539 Missouri .8,187,856 16,733,185 N. Dakota . . . 2,876,298 1,644,150 834,103 2,185,377 7,019,169 9,974 S. Dakota.... 4,501,430 2,386,781 2,232,961 5,776,689 5,941,092 7,380 Nebraska 7,631,668 6,500,380 1,952,908 12,371,699 11,652,068 56,628 Kansas S. Atlantic: Delaware 9,649,129 9,851,126 2,361,068 14,583,909 12,993,836 16,674 906,173 4,426,909 25,809 18,149 1,024,945 200 Maryland 4,784,232 19,424,325 455,496 343,148 6,682,228 251,071 Dist. of Col. . . 116,116 3,772,617 339,345 8,577,893 1,800 7,983,430 Virginia W. Virginia.. N.Carolina... 302,217 97,568 41,612 2,532,324 4,050,741 104,696 8,421 7,077,664 65,363 1,787,245 2,380,029 21,329 9,224 5,670,59C 28,982 S. Carolina... 626,306 919, 745 11,282 10,023 1,752,209 8,415 Georgia Florida 1,974,011 3,872,098 97,664 17,286 4,385,364 165 578,716 1,388,781 9,048 2,095 310,651 112 Kentucky 3,729,237 10,416,482 169,016 154,427 8,421,827 38,851 Tennessee 3,211,978 6,814,209 145,976 32,345 9,009,307 11,883 Alabama 1,358,504 3,397,426 28,386 21,744 2,805,021 2,435 Mississippi. . . W. S. Cent.: Arkansas 1,001,562 1,966,097 36,582 9,344 2,452,313 11,679 1,506,882 3,952,322 63,302 74,607 3,694,311 8,496 Louisiana 1,588,338 4,501,119 32,433 7,073 1,019,420 180,976 Oklahoma.... 3,306,515 3,626,217 626,193 3,137,112 7,465,824 11,765 Texas 5,461,423 8,990,968 462,072 1,247,018 12,141,624 69,730 Montana 1,646,693 3,584,689 274,979 652,097 1,234,263 44,571 Idaho 1,379,390 2,060,111 319,642 1,191,867 1,417,663 61,203 Wyoming Colorado 338,926 1,377,607 46,680 67,303 461,952 6,436 3,407,723 10,037,067 440,267 1,087,681 2,914,143 56,413 New Mexico. . 434,199 1,036,922 9,679 11,248 410,634 24,918 Arizona 842,210 3,347,723 37,744 665,850 120,951 50,181 Utah . . 1,648,666 443,688 8,471,713 270,225 914,133 209,003 919 581 62,066 1,366 Nevada 1,192,833 150,775 166; 688 Wash 7,693,479 25,524,209 1,911,261 4,386,283 5,211,133 3,112,326 2,446,158 43,630 164,328 Oregon Calliomia 6,170,703 14,640,108 827,541 19,083,297 45,333,432 3,397,061 19,176,719 10,285,583 2,613,815 348 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. DAIRY PRODUCTS OP FARMS, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES. Table 9 DIVISION OR STATE. TTnited States.. GEOGRArmc divisions; New England Middle Atlantic East North Central. . West North Central . South Atlantic ... East South CentTal . . West South Central. Mountain Paoiflc New England: Maine New Hampshire Vermont Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut Middle Atlantic: New York New Jersey Pennsylvania... East Noeth Central: Ohio Indiana Illinois Michigan Wisconsin West Noeth Centeal: Minnesota Iowa Missouri North Dakota South Dakota Nebraska Kansas South Atlantic: Delaware Maryland District of Columbia. . Virginia. West Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Florida East South Central: Kentucky Tennessee Alabama Mississippi West South Central: Arkansas Louisiana Oklahoma Texas Mountain: Montana Idaho Wyoming Colorado New Mexico Arizona Utah Nevada Pacific: Washington Oregon California .Total value, excluding home use of milk and cream: 1900 3696, «13, 463 50, 720, 766 130, 772, 663 159,673,567 108,824,533 36, 678, 466 30,200,917 32,394,027 12,991,603 36,267,042 8,079,692 5,589,711 12,128,465 16, 187, 774 2,066,941 7,669,183 77,807,161 10,166,600 42,808,802 30,869,408 16,666,374 31,642,209 26,727,538 53,868,028 29,219,406 .31,196,883 13,685,318 4,872,304 6,192,608 10,668,275 13,091,739 1,089,497 8,480,900 117,335 7,704,326 6,000,138 5, 789, 583 2,800,605 6, 621, 686 974,486 9,056,813 8,715,441 6, 396, 198 6, 033, 466 6, 587, 428 2, 76i; 380 7,365,295 15, 679, 924 2, 093, 594 1,962,500 539, 423 4, 174, 270 726,692 909,411 2,067,534 518, 179 8,746,041 6,067,024 20, 443, 977 Milk reported (gallons): 1909 6,813,699,174 347,872,803 1,001,269,989 1,564,282,966 1,266,991,620 418,843,384 400,476,525 416,401,603 116,468,996 281,091,688 56,026,334 36,033,163 114,317,169 86,304,347 10,441,951 45,749,849 597,363,198 67,698,219 336,208,572 307,590,755 194,736,962 320,240,399 283,387,201 458,327,649 273,319,603 318,964,606 188,297,972 70,637,899 82,428,614 160,610,359 172, 742, 767 7,869,857 41,094,421 555,342 95,655,061 71,230,033 82,601,779 37,361,666 74, 908, 776 7,676,459 125,666,917 117,101,970 78,728,346 79,079,293 83,081,875 32, 702, 130 103,677,644 197,039,954 16,982,145 20,861,072 6,453,634 33,631,723 6,816,942 6,881,608 20,486,317 4,358,565 70,083,033 66,106,699 164,901,956 BUTTER MADE. Quantity (pounds). 1909 994,660,610 40,732,783 88,242,228 230,966,876 201,172,278 123,270,552 136,239,873 128, 188, 799 18,116,811 27,721,410 13,299,229 5,066,188 16,166,692 3,364,616 339,607 3,498,661 23,461,702 3,622,411 61, 168, 115 63,569,132 43,181,817 46,609,992 50,405,426 27,200,609 34,708,669 38,679,568 42, 106, 143 16, 414, 439 13,629,647 26-, 986, 931 29,647,881 1, 663, 161 8, 739, 620 6,155 26,651,244 18,969,699 26,069,585 12,329,567 27,246,247 1, 706, 274 38,130,687 39,827,906 29,650,595 28,730,686 29,907,337 6,232,006 27,056,242 64,993,214 2,820,674 3,542,136 1, 192, 122 5,866,132 1,477,617 326,980 2,497,366 403,886 6,751,575 5,667,964 15,301,871 1899 1,071,626,066 51,464,627 164,829,824 287,878,290 251,226,460 89,111,226 97,641,277 88,382,063 14,869,383 36,332,916 16, 174, 173 6,385,611 18,834,706 4,980,262 488,086 4,691,789 74,714,376 5,894,363 74,221,086 79,661,299 61,042,396 62,493,460 60,061,998 44, 739, 147 41,188,846 61,789,288 45,509,110 9,178,816 17,400,970 34,518,869 41,640,772 1,629,949 9,096,662 3,478 19,906,830 16,913,129 16,913,802 8,150,437 16,111,494 1,386,446 30,446,381 29,091,696 19, 121, 964 18,881,236 21,686,258 4,918,229 118,887,074 47,991,492 2,454,072 2,520,316 888,564 4,932,482 313,003 379,311 2,812,122 569,623 7,372,106 8,107,460 20,863,360 Valiie: 1909 $222,861,440 11,704,089 22,996,644 53, 108, 927 44,748,964 26,064,617 26,739,427 26,838,628 4,992,172 7,678,172 3,786,064 1,509,706 4,185,028 1,041,482 104, 161 1,077,668 6,268,386 1,069,935 16,668,223 14,305,607 9,402,994 10,493,217 11,805,872 7,101,237 8,593,233 9,061,041 8,744,025 3,608,679 3, 024, 609 5,386,494 6,432,083 "400,428 2,010,106 1,764 6,883,060 4,064,498 5,213,783 2,562,561 6,636,255 492, 172 7, 117, 905 7,392,901 5,667,610 6,671,011 6, 883, 584 1,430,069 5, 613, 253 12,911,832 811, 792 982,397 331,021 1,666,224 402, 263 106,347 672, 479 121,649 1,992,249 1,699,931 4,085,992 CHEESE HADE. Quantity (pounds). 1909 9,406,864 673,866 1,910,649 1,891,208 473, 196 480,805 93,971 424,482 457,740 3,000,048 118,216 180,996 246,884 45,763 3,860 79, 166 390,049 77,824 1,442,676 813,233 63,619 81,918 291, 176 841,262 106,076 78, 638 159, 785 22, 754 14,344 63, 773 27,927 700 269,386 97,263 70,473 39,363 12,909 399 322 56,148 18,692 6,628 13,703 20,436 190,089 18,968 194,990 49,988 90,676 10, 276 69,896 81,869 60,690 84, 102 10, 245 52,970 189, 206 2, 777, 873 1899 16,372,318 1,003,103 3,606,096 3,636,013 1,684,109 480,448 137,327 336, 113 720,596 4,868,613 425,102 104,339 406,669 19,629 6,761 40,623 2,624,652 24,377 867, 167 1,167,001 178, 733 323,486 331, 176 1,635,818 290,623 306,428 323,439 70,881 136,863 264,430 291,445 104 338,463 Value: 1909 $1,148,708 31,697 74,243 28,883 1,081 2,236 3,761 46,759 26,622 36,374 28,672 18,385 136, 104 1 46, 491 136, 133 30,924 196, 952 24,327 103, 184 68,571 33,305 169,251 94,082 161,669 467, 266 4,249,688 194,472 216,395 59,999 61,024 9,703 44,597 70,897 413,432 18,872 24,466 32,583 5,311 616 7,362 33,196 9,277 162,000 57, 182 7,800 8,396 36,228 106,789 14,376 10,689 17,496 2,976 2,011 8,477 3,976 114 26,277 9,191 9,083 3,729 2,542 72 36 4,843 2,168 769 1,933 3,027 18,066 3,164 20,361 8,196 13,525 1,691 10,045 13,616 9,115 13,125 1,786 6,787 23,161 383,494 1 IncJudes Indian Territory. LIVE STOCK PRODUCTS. 349 FACTORY PRODUCTION AND TOTAL PRODUCTION OF BUTTER AND CHEESE, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES, Table 10 DIVISION OR STATE. T7Blted States*... Geoobaphic divisions: New England Middle Atlantic East North Central. . West North Central. South Atlantic Bast South Central . . West South Central. Mountain Pacific New England: Maine New Hampshire Vennont Massachusetts Rhode Island . ." Connecticut Middle Atlantic: New York New Jersey Pennsylvania East Noeth Centkal: Ohio Indiana ; . . . Illinois Michigan Wisconsin West Noeth Central: Minnesota Iowa Missouri North Dakota South Dakota Nebraska Kansas South Atlantic: Delaware Maryland District 6j Columbia. Virginia West Virginia North Carolina . . South CaroUna Georgia Florida East South Central: Kentucky Tennessee Alabama Mississippi West South Central: Arkansas Louisiana Oklahoma Texas Mountain: Montana Idaho Wyoming Colorado New Mexicol Arizona Utah Nevada Pacific: Washington Oregon California BUTTER AND CHEESE MADE IN FACTORIES. Butter (pounds). «24, 7S4, 653 (') 77,160,290 193,171,121 243,551,926 W C) 57,058,701 2,105,622 1,740,235 20,227,495 1,888,307 O 1,950,936 45,897,216 768,857 30,484,217 17,491,251 11,712,450 24,570,976 35,511,760 103,884,684 88,842,846 88,582,187 10,261,876 3,683,679 9, 495, 608 23,973,162 18,712,568 627,300 1,118,530 158,853 78,058 549,929 360,834 4,110,978 2,133,690 1,307,777 2,357,386 783,685 6,351,691 W 1,053,869 3,722,784 1,039,784 11,302,691 8,472,660 37,283,450 1839 420,128,646 40,677,569 79,166,626 115,330,640 166,406,307 3,772,086 w 474,489 (') 18,320,915 4,461,399 5,034,270 22,453,381 4,591,919 148,195 3,888,405 40,693,846 1,325,519 37,137,161 8,087,631 3,553,483 34,055,312 7,820,712 61,813,602 41,174,469 77,233,264 1,440,616 463,188 6,172,107 11,726,180 18,196,483 969,889 2,641,716 170,521 41,000 184,663 207,823 17,357 W 168,576 2 63,200 252,714 34,238 432,570 C) 1,566,639 Cheese (pounds). 1909 311,126,317 3,002,744 116,428,935 178,632,241 (') (■) 65,691 184,497 2,762,666 106,194,898 11,234,037 11,860,601 424,597 4,799,235 13,382,160 148,065,648 2,735,883 999,669 219,112 P) 77,122 P) (') 424,083 2,519,214 623,402 3,198,421 1,975,367 13,147,137 O 550,622 1899 281,972,324 6,956,597 137,753,476 116,643,076 11,982,896 112,860 (■) 137,268 W 5,354,234 563,946 116,741 4,713,105 260,642 321,263 127,386,032 100,000 10,267,443 18,156,627 1,260,168 9,066,119 10,422,582 77,748,680 3,286,019 4,242,637 1,072,761 226,399 420,779 313,600 2,422,710 16,000 67,000 40,860 28,000 6,201 10,000 12,600 2 66,378 58,290 194,380 1,465,267 BUTTER AND CHEESE MADE ON FARMS AND IN FACTORIES. Butter (pounds). 1909 1,(19,416,263 (') 166,392,518 424,137,997 444,724,204 (') (') (') P) 84,780,111 421,043 1,060,122 422,290 4,218,953 1,567,640 373,752 1,874,17C 80,150 1,482,127 1,196,564 2,676,643 15,404,851 6,806,423 36,393,187 6,262,823 W 6,449,486 69,368,918 4,391,268 91,642,332 81,060,383 64,894,267 71,180,968 86,917,186 131,085,193 123,551,616 127,261,765 52,367,019 20,098,118 23,125,255 49,960,093 48,360,449 2,190,461 9,868,150 6,165 26,810,097 G) 26,059,686 12,329,567 27,324,305 1,705,274 38,680,616 39,827,906 W 28,730,685 30,268,171 31,167,220 67,126,804 4,128,351 6,899,621 1,975,707 12,207,823 W 1,379,849 6,220,150 1,443,669 18,054,166 14,140,624 62,585,321 1899 1,491,752,602 92,032,196 233,986,350 403,208,930 407,632,767 92,883,312 W 88,856,542 m 64,663,831 20,635,572 11,419,881 41,288,087 9,572,181 636,281 8,480,194 115,408,222 7,219,882 111,368,246 87,638,930 64,595,879 86,648,762 67,872,710 106,652,649 82,363,315 139,022,552 46,949,726 9,642,003 23,573,077 46,244,839 69,837,256 2,699,838 11,638,378 3,478 20,076,351 16,954,129 16,913,802 8,160,437 15,160,464 1,386,445 30,631,044 29,299,519 19,139,321 (') 21,763,833 4,918,229 2 13,940,274 48,244,206 2,488,310 2,952,886 m 6,499,121 313,003 803,394 6,331,336 1,192,925 10,670,527 10,082,807 34,000,497 Cheese (pounds). 1909 320,532,181 3,676,609 118,339,484 180,423,449 (>) 0) 93,971 W 0) 9,208,931 173,807 365,493 3,008,540 46,763 3,860 79,156 105,684,947 77,824 12,676,713 12,473,834 488,216 4,881,163 13,673,336 148,906,910 2,841,968 1,078,097 378,897 O 14,344 140,895 m 259,386 •P) 39,353 12,909 399 322 56,148 18,592 6,528 13,703 20,435 O 18,968 « 49,988 P) 620,517 81,869 481,733 1,144,224 10,246 475,260 4,388,158 4,345,513 1899 298,344,642 6,958,700 141,259,571 120,279,089 13,667,004 593,308 P) 473,381 P) 10,222,747 979,048 221,080 5,119,764 270, 171 6,751 361,886 130,010,584 124,377 11, 124, 610 19,323,528 1,438,901 9,378,604 10,753,758 79,384,298 3,676,642 4,649,066 1,396,190 296,280 657,642 678,030 2,714,155 15,104 338,453 88,697 115,103 28,883 1,081 2,236 3,751 73,769 32,823 46,374 P) 30,985 136,104 2 112,869 194,423 DO, 924 391,332 P) 1,568,441 68,671 407,057 2,043,430 174,232 1,633,796 1,662,820 6,926,131 * See footnote 2, Table 1; p. 344. 1 Can not be shown separately, as to do so would disclose individual operations. 2 Includes Indian Territory. 350 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. WOOL AND MOHAIE. Wool production in the United States as a whole: 1909 and 1899. — The reports of the enumerators at both the Twelfth and the Thirteenth Censuses were somewhat deficient with respect to wool production, and it has been deemed necessary to make estimates to cover this deficiency.' Table 11 shows for the United States as a whole the actual returns of the Thirteenth Census and the estimated totals for 1909 and 1899, respectively. Table 11 Num- ber of farms report- ing. Sheep of shearing age. WOOL PKODUCBD. Fleeces. Weight (pounds). Value. Sheep of shearing age on farms April 15, 1910 Wool produced, as re- ported, 1909 698,047 468,311 423,680 34,731 39,644,046 35,336,830 33,849,687 1,487,243 42,320,580 43,999,229 -1,678,649 -3.8 241,882,318 232,357,186 9,525,132 289,419,977 276,667,684 12,862,393 4.6 )I54,964,020 On farms reporting sheep Aprill6, 1910.- 31,636,132 62,708,093 2,265,927 Total production of wool (partly estimated): 1909 65,472,328 1899 45,670,053 Increase 1899 to 1909 1 19,802,276 43.4 1 A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease. According to the returns there were on April 15, 1910, 598,047 farms with sheep of shearing age, the number of such sheep being 39,644,000. Of these farms, how- ever, there were only 423,580, with 31,636,000 sheep of shearing age, for which the enumerators reported the production of any wool in 1909. The number of fleeces reported for these farms was 33,850,000. The enumer- ators reported also the production of 1,487,000 fleeces in 1909 on 34,731 farms with no sheep of shearing age April 15, 1910. The total number of fleeces reported was thus 35,337,000. It is believed that a much closer approximation to the true total can be obtained by an estimate based on the assumption that the entire production of wool in 1909 bore the same relation to the entire number of sheep of shearing age on April 15, 1910, as the produc- tion of wool on those farms reporting both production and sheep bore to the number of sheep reported on such farms. On the basis of such an estimate, the total production of wool in 1909 was 42,321,000 fleeces. The production in 1899, also in part estimated at that time, was 43,999,000 fleeces, so that there was a decrease of 1,679,000 fleeces, or 3.8 per cent. Never- theless, the estimated total weight increased from 276,568,000 pounds in 1899 to 289,420,000 in 1909, or 4.6 per cent, and the reported average weight per fleece increased from 6.3 pounds to 6.8 pounds. The value of the wool chp increased from $45,670,000 in 1899 to $65,472,000 in 1909, or 43.4 per cent. The average value per pound rose from 17 to 23 cents, and the average value per fleece from $1.04 to $1.55. Wool production, by divisions and states: 1909 and 1899. — Table 12 shows, by geographic divisions, the number of fleeces of wool actually reported and the estimated total number produced in 1909. Compari- sons of the reported production and the estimated total production will show that in some geographic divisions the returns of the enumerators were much more nearly complete than in others. Tattle IZ SHEEP OP SHEAKING AQE APRIL 16, 1910 FamLs report- ing. Number of sheep. WOOL PRODUCED, A3 REPORTED: 1909 Total. Farms report- ing. Fleeces. On farms reporting sheep April 15, 1910. Farms report- ing. Number of sheej) of shearing age April 16, 1910.. Fleeces. On farms not reporting sheep April 16, 1910. Farms report- ing. Fleeces. Total production of wool, partly estimated (fleeces): " 1909 TTnlted States New England Middle Atlantic East North Central- - West North Central. South Atlantic East South Central.. West South Central. Mountain Paclflc 698,047 19,888 60,281 218,693 103,227 74,766 86,835 18,742 16,027 11,689 644, 04« 306,443 260,455 634,864 624,749 662,698 613,833 662,446 609,676 778,894 463,311 16,665 42,771 178,768 72,959 .58,737 60,992 11,062 8,218 8,239 36,336,830 298,362 1,197,730 6,110,086 2,828,460 1,335,639 1,217,989 1,854,732 16,074,406 4,419,426 423,680 15,038 39,205 166,425 66,072 64,896 66,279 10,290 7,769 7,606 31,636,132 264,889 1,098,357 5,512,231 2,519,677 1,270,637 1,108,185 1,282,979 15,369,378 3,209,799 33,849,587 277,399 1,126,133 5,726,760 2,661,904 1,274,292 1,144,184 1,781,254 15,692,364 4,265,317 34,731 1,527 3,666 12,343 6,887 3,841 4,713 772 449 033 1,487,243 20,9()3 71, 597 383,336 266,556 61,347 73,805 73,478 382,052 154,109 42,320,(80 320,647 1,292,189 6,780,541 3,688,93S 1,660,106 1,663,103 2,293,100 19,910,938 6,010,981 Table 13, on the following page, shows, by divi- sions, the amounts and percentages of increase or decrease in the estimated total wool production from 1899 to 1909. '■ There are various reasons for this failure of the enumerators to report the entire wool production. In some cases enumerators reported the number of sheep and neglected to report the wool produced in 1909. In other cases, farmers who did not have sheep m 1910 did have some in 1909, and it can not be assumed that the wool produced by such sheep in 1909 was in all cases reported, for the enumerator, after ascertaining that the farmer had no sheep in 1910, might neglect the subsequent inquiry as to wool produced in 1909. The number of farms which reported the production of wool in 1909 but no sheep on hand on April 15, 1910, was less than one-fourth of the number which reported sheep in 1910 but no wool production in 1909. Again, particularly in the case of tenant farms, the farmer who occupied a farm at the time of the enumera- tion might not have occupied the same farm the preceding year. In cases of this sort the new occupant of the farm would be fairly well able to estiniate the production of crops, from the acreage of stubble, but would often hesitate to make an estimate for the wool. In making the estimate of the total production of wool which is presented in the table no account was taken of the 1,487,000 fleeces reported as produced in 1909 on farms with no sheep of shearing age in 1910, for this figure represents the wool production of only a part of the sheep which the estimate is designed to cover. Estimates were made for the several states, and combined to make the totals for geographic divisions and the United States. LIVE STOCK PRODUCTS. 351 There was a decrease between 1899 and 1909 in the number of fleeces produced in each of the divisions except the West North Central and Mountain divi- sions. The percentage of decrease was greatest in the New England division and next greatest in the Middle Atlantic, while the absolute decrease in number of fleeces was greatest in the Middle Atlantic division. In the Mountain division, which produced nearly half of the total wool clip of 1909, the increase in that year as compared with 1899 was 4.4 per cent. The percentages of increase or decrease in the weight of wool produced differ considerably from those based on the number of fleeces. In every division except the New England and Middle Atlantic there was a con- siderable increase between 1899 and 1909 in the value of wool produced, the increase in average value per pound more than offsettiog the decrease in the quantity produced in four of the divisions. Table 13 INCEEASB : 1 1899 TO 1909 DIVISION. Fleeces. Weight. Value. Number. Per cent. Pounds. Per cent. Amount. Per cent. United States...... New England -1,678,649 -262, 194 -776,861 -583,675 -185,529 -234,879 -89,831 -176,567 846,212 -587,403 -3.8 -45.0 -37. S -7.9 5.5 -13.1 -5.4 -7.1 4.4 -10.5 12,862,393 -1,651,190 -6,032,373 -2,799,077 2,270,470 -1,215,184 -412,891 208,018 22,640,960 -1,256,330 4.6 -43.6 -37.1 -6.4 10.1 -15.4 -6.3 1.9 18.5 -%4 $19,802,276 -168,644 -308,667 3,603,660 2,148,014 356,325 351,895 760,388 11,039,843 2,020,671 43.4 -22.7 Middle Atlantic East North Central West North Central 33.8 64.0 East South Central West South Central Mnnntain 27.1 45.2 60 8 Pactac 1 A minus sign C— ) denotes decrease. Table 14 shows for 1909 and 1899, in percentages, the distribution of the total number of fleeces pro- duced among the geographic divisions, and also the average weight per fleece, the average value per fleece, and the average value per pound, in each division. Table 14 DIVISION. PEE CENT DISTRIBUTION OF NUMBER OE FLEECES. AVERAGE WEIGHT PEE FLEECE. AVERAGE VALUE PEE FLEECE. AVERAGE VALUE PER POUND. 1909 1899 1909 1899 1909 1899 1909 1899 TJnltBd States 100.0 0.8 3.1 16.0 8.5 3.7 3.7 5.4 47.0 11.8 100.0 1.3 4.7 16.7 7.7 4.1 3.8 5.6 43.3 12.7 6.8- 6.3 6.6 7.2 6.9 4.3 3.9 5.0 7.3 7.2 C.3 6.1 6.6 7.0 6.6 4.4 4.0 4.5 6.4 6.7 $1.55 1.79 1.93 2.11 1.71 1.25 1.05 1.07 1.47 1.35 $1.04 1.28 1.36 1.46 1.17 0.89 0.78 0.68 0.95 0.84 $0. 226 0.286 0,292 0.293 0.248 0.293 0.269 0.215 0.201 0.187 $0,165 0.209 Middle Atlantic East North Central... West North Central... South Atlantic East South Central... West South Central. . . 0.207 0.207 0.177 0.203 0.198 0.151 0.148 Pacific. 0.127 The distribution of the number of fleeces naturally conforms approximately to the distribution of the num- ber of sheep. In 1909 the Mountain division produced 47 per cent of the total estimated number of fleeces; the East North Central 16 per cent; and the Pacific 11.8 per cent. These three divisions together contrib- uted substantially three-fourths of the total number. The average weight of fleeces in 1909 was higher in the three geographic divisions just named than in any of the other divisions, and decidedly lower in the three southern divisions than elsewhere. The extreme range was from 7.3 pounds per fleece in the Mountain divi- sion to 3.9 pounds in the East South Central. The average weight was greater in 1909 than in 1899 in six of the divisions; in the South Atlantic and East South Central divisions it was sHghtly lower; and in the Middle Atlantic there was no change. The average value of wool per pound in 1909, as reported by the producers, was lowest (18.7 cents) in the Pacific division. The maximum value (29.3 cents) is shown for the East North Central and South Atlantic divisions. The average value per pound increased materiaUy in each of the geographic divisions between 1899 and 1909. In 1909 the average value per fleece was lowest ($l.p5) in the East South Central division and highest ($2.11) in the East North Central. Table 15, which appears on the following page, shows that in 1909 the leading states in the production of wool were Wyoming, Montana, New Mexico, Ohio, California, Idaho, Oregon, and Texas in the order named, each of these states having reported more than 2,000,000 fleeces. Mohair and goat hair: 1909 and 1899. — Table 15 shows also the reported number of fleeces, and the weight and value of mohair and goat hair produced in 1909 and 1899, respectively, by geographic divi- sions and states. The reports for the production of mohair are pre- sumably about as defective as those for wool. The agricultural schedules, however, on account of the minor importance of goats, did not distinguish them by age, and it is scarcely possible to approximate the total production of mohair from the number of goats and kids of all ages taken together. In many sections of the country the number of goats on farms is insig- nificant and a considerable proportion of those which are kept are not shorn for mohair; consequently the production of mohair in several of the geographic divisions is of little significance. The total reported production of mohair in 1909 was 1,683,000 fleeces, or more than three and one-half times as many as were reported in 1899. The re- ported weight of the mohair was 3,779,000 pounds, and the value, .1902,000. It is noteworthy that the average value of mohair per pound was somewhat lower in 1909 than in 1899, so that, although the aver- age weight per fleece increased slightly during the decade, the average value per fleece decreased. More than three-fifths of the mohair reported in 1909 was produced in the West South Central divi- sion, and nearly all of the remainder in the Mountain and Pacific divisions. The number of fleeces pro- duced in the West South Central division was over five times as great iu 1909 as in 1899, and in the Mountain division over three times as great. Very high relative increases also appear in some of the divisions where the number of fleeces produced is still very small. 352 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. PRODUCTION OP WOOL AND MOHAIR, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES. Table 15 SHEEP OT SHEAEINO AGE. WOOL peoduced (partly estimated). MOHAIR peoduced. ^ Fleeces. Wright (pounds). Value. Fleeces. Weight (pounds). Val DIVISION OR STATE. April 15, June 1, 1900 ue. 1909 1899 1909 1899 1909 1899 1909 1899 1909 1899 1909 1899 TTnitsd States.. 3t,(M.01S 39,852,967 42,320,580 43.999,229 289,419.977 276,507,584 665,472,328 $45,670,063 1,682,912 454,932 3,778,706 961,328 $901,597 $267,864 Geooeaphic divs.: New England Middle Atlantic... East North Central. West North Central South Atlantic East South Central. West South Central 306,443 1,260,456 6,634,854 3,524,749 1,552,698 1,513,833 1,662,445 19,509,675 3,778,894 663,217 1,970,362 6,900,190 3,165,631 1,706,199 1,489,730 1,839,118 17,984,275 4,244,345 320,647 1,292,189 6,780,641 3,688,936 1,660,105 1,563,103 2,293,160 19,910,938 5,010,961 582,841 2,069,040 7,364,216 3,403,407 1,794,984 1,652,934 2,468,717 19,064,726 ,5,598,364 2,006,040 8,620,646 48,670,564 24,709,946 6,677,028 6,123,486 11,359,271 146,311,085 36,041,913 3,557,230 13,653,019 61,469,641 22,439,475 7,892,212 6,536,376 11,151,253 122,670,135 37,298,243 574,577 2,492,257 14,276,742 6,127,159 1,965,262 1,648,679 2,442,998 29,211,379 6,743,375 743,221 2,800,924 10,673,192 3,979,146 1,699,937 1,296,684 1,682,610 18,171,536 4,722,804 1,298 2,668 9,826 38,173 7,172 6,223 1,084,893 284,784 248,876 750 413 2,004 19,230 676 1,062 194,930 81,297 164,670 4,446 8,797 35,044 116,057 21,009 13,241 2,616,736 738,226 825,151 1,749 1,103 6,476 51,619 1,718 2,747 278,411 175,955 441,560 1,275 2,834 9,680 26,806 6,980 3,685 472,315 184,305 193,717 611 397 1,709 15,518 501 815 78,370 48,818 Pacific 121,126 New England: 149,934 31,201 84,360 22, 699 4,206 14,043 606,119 16,796 637,541 2,890,163 812,427 658,484 1,545,241 628,639 452,071 769,917 1,116,189 241,392 601,041 240, 116 204,023 4,415 126,251 252,213 65,318 182,167 33,869 6,629 23,021 984,616 26,363 959,483 • 2,648,260 1,010,648 629, 150 1,626,930 986,212 359,328 657,868 663,703 451, 437 607,338 335,950 179,907, 6,964 111,520 157,455 32,996 90,716 21,667 4,353 13,460 616,247 16,140 669,802 3,073,450 784,432 682,337 1,595,959 644,363 453,583 729,484 1,138,502 261,985 529,088 310,762 166,532 3,150 122,071 258,300 67,438 191,884 36,067 6,828 23,324 1,038,428 28,363 1,002,269 2,897,604 1,052,763 674,625 1,734,228 1,006,006 376,009 716,334 679,442 469,831 620,219 410,975 231,697 7,021 113,598 947,622 209,518 626,722 127,897 24,009 71,272 4,235,707 94,726 4,190,213 21,685,268 5,360,044 4,971,380 11,965,405 4,688,477 3,269,282 5,484,702 7,343,222 1,676,830 3,598,246 2,177,356 1,170,308 19,059 705,320 1,478,018 409,465 1,334,263 196,876 36,180 104,438 6,674,165 146,628 6,732,226 20,350,721 6,891,601 4,799,742 12,202,844 7,224,733 2,612,737 5,016,965 4,145,137 3,030,478 3,246,946 2,788,839 1,599,374 32,360 • 632,110 266,080 57,460 192,002 33,670 6,836 18,630 1,163,846 22,482 1,305,929 6,749,006 1,632,914 1,299,218 3,428,320 1,267,286 816,866 1,413,711 1,947,060 381,722 847,012 464,183 266,605 5,126 199,909 318,585 84,103 268,967 40,291 8,741 22,534 1,387,969 31,266 1,381,689 4,299,025 1,491,743 966,746 2,454,399 1,461,279 ,460,305 992,334 822,871 603,744 525, 652 426,344 247,895 6,618 142,966 168 180 97 536 1 316 1,598 53 1,017 1,624 1,421 4,117 1,559 1,104 1,952 8,703 24,061 118 399 629 2,311 70 465 24 10 1 529 3 183 134 639 629 471 1,695 2 1,009 5,412 187 3,198 6,840 4,472 14,922 5,677 4,133 6,929 29,206 66,684 470 1,538 2,426 8,805 210 1,670 105 44 5 1,120 10 466 383 720 469 867 2,793 1,833 514 566 28,080 10,203 1,220 1,693 5,801 4,066 207 191 136 609 1 231 1,742 66 1,036 1,684 1,194 4,008 1,712 1,082 1,987 7,261 14,338 133 390 602 2,096 52 474 21 New Hampsliire 13 2 Massachusetts Rhode Island Corineotiout Middle Atlantic: 396 2 177 165 New Jersey Pennsylvania E. NoETH Central: Ohio 279 95 276 953 497 183 360 10,760 3,861 329 660 1,696 1,674 242 112 282 Illinois. 751 419 Wisconsin 146 W. Noeth Central: Minnesota 180 8,607 Missouri. 2,798 North Dakota South Dakota..^.... Nebraska 448 683 1,725 1,077 SoDTH Atlantic: Virginia . 438,719 666,952 140,070 27,926 163,250 96, 115 778,154 470,337 109,112 156,230 96,617 139,308 48,896 1,377,724 4,969,836 2,110,330 4,826,565 1,305,696 2,894,984 916,600 1,670,890 824,875 296,264 1,968,342 1,526,288 392,125 672, 739 208,812 52,436 268,894 102,709 716,158 307,804 229,298 236,470 168,761 169,234 1 61, 183 1,439,940 4,216,214 1,966,467 3,327,185 1,352,823 3,333,743 668,458 2,563,134 668,261 668,022 1,961,365 1,724,968 431,694 658,096 167,811 28,167 166,448 93,669 793,537 496,979 120,039 153,548 101,318 137,986 46,492 2,007,366 4,724,747 2,250,670 5,115,789 1,253,686 3,092,784 918,690 1,663,074 891,598 322,444 2,126,717 2,662,800 399,113 587,381 240,189 65,233 282,628 109,821 765,172 346,716 299,118 251,929 194,726 171,269 164,187 2,038,635 4,348,568 2,183,100 3,390,571 1,390,400 3,669,417 791,361 2,676,763 624,546 576,556 2,139,604 2,882,305 1,937,252 2,719,684 493,882 86,819 427,943 287,069 3,448,848 1,854,172 339,884 480,581 376,877 442,866 281,760 10,257,779 37,669,031 16,377,265 42,827,866 7,563,219 16,994,017 5,503,800 12,102,220 6,273,667 3,135,348 18,841,852 14,064,703 2,020,736 3,123,466 797, 176 176,290 777,189 333,898 3,617,497 1,395,295 744,274 779,310 636,474 547,641 ■329,136 9,638,002 30,437,829 15,474,447 27,768,309 8,543,937 15,209,199 3,352,937 17,050,977 4,842,600 5,268,088 18,349,660 13, 680, 495 664,386 839,555 130,724 20,432 117,871 77,260 974,347 466,459 85,677 122,096 86,045 99,424 55,187 2,202,342 8,223,764 3,346,037 8,912,608 1,468,003 3,131,971 983,761 2,093,827 1,062,418 536,708 3,782,721 2,423,946 409,602 636,012 150,510 31,537 165,811 66,881 737,632 263,361 160,943 144,758 118,922 90,317 145,249 1,428,122 5,136,658 2,210,790 4,036,227 1,116,331 1,964,171 426,318 2,599,638 692,403 618,975 2,396,741 1,707,088 2,614 3,248 336 196 198 46 2,967 1,342 383 531 3,118 538 3,774 1,077,463 2,357 2,835 2,729 2,647 156,980 103,226 13,040 2,070 6,164 141,688 102, 134 139 73 127 30 299 8 168 573 237 86 700 118 1682 193,530 1,264 3,473 2,427 814 56,765 13,874 187 3,503 1,336 79,258 ^3,977 8,047 8,991 1,020 486 520 166 7,702 3,428 808 1,303 7,265 1,044 10,603 1,997,924 8,328 16,412 14,238 7,894 394,896 246,032 44,708 5,719 19, 120 523,435 282,596 343 140 416 73 726 20 524 1,486 469 268 1,763 385 11,463 274,810 2,760 11,688 8,100 1,843 113,646 27,030 409 10,590 4,000 267,780 169,770 2,913 2,699 469 128 177 68 2,038 1,053 238 366 1,516 226 2,354 468,219 2,066 4,384 3,868 2,024 96,158 63,120 11,240 1,465 4,666 128,230 60,821 113 WestVirgmia North Carolina South Carolina 43 96 26 215 Florida . 8 E. South Central: 163 l^flrniR-wfte 428 140 34 W. South Central: 487 Louisiana. 92 1313 Texas . 77,478 Mountain: Montana . 824 3,989 2,412 550 New Mexico 29,917 7,326 Utah 128 Nevada 3,672 Pacific: Washington Oregon 1,097 74,363 California 45,665 1 Includes Indian Territory. LIVE STOCK PRODUCTS. 353 POXJITEY AND EGGS. TJnited States as a whole: 1909 and 1899. — ^As in the case of wool, the reports of the enumerators as to the production of poultry and eggs in 1909 were somewhat incomplete, and it was deemed desirable to make estimates to cover this deficiency, particularly in order to make the data comparable with those for 1899, which included estimates. Table 16 shows the actual returns of the quantity and value of eggs and of poultry produced in 1909, with estimated totals for that year and for 1899. No estimates have been made regarding the sale of eggs and poultry in 1909, although this was done at the preceding census, and it is probable that the reported figures, which are also given in the table, are less than the true totals, although perhaps not so deficient as the reported production. Table 16 Number of farms reporting. Number of fowls on hand. PBODTJCT. Quantity. Value. Fowlson farms April 16, 1910. 5,585,032 4,833,769 751,273 4,883,607 296,880,190 273,256,924 22,624,266 On farms reporting eggs produced in 1909 On otlier farms Eggs produced, as reported, 1909 Dozms. 1,467,386,772 1,691,311,371 1,293,662,433 297,648,938 23.0 926,465,787 .$281,157,980 306,688,960 144,240,541 162,448,419 112 6 Total production of eggs (partly estimated): 1909 1899 Increase, 1899 to 1909 Per cent of increase . . . Eggs sold, as reported, 1909 Fowls on farms April 16, 1910: On farms reporting poul- try raised in 1909 3,860,067 4,761,774 823,268 4,832,496 180,768,249 270,540,664 25,339,626 Poultryraised,asrei)orted,1909 Total iwultry raised (partly estimated); 1909 No. of fowls. 445,660,124 488,468,354 185,390,866 202,606,272 1899 136,830,152 Increase, 1899 to 1909 66,676,120 4&0 Fowls sold, as reported, 1909. . 3,038,932 153,600,169 75,273,524 The total number of farms which reported fowls on hand April 15, 1910, was 5,585,032, and the, number of fowls, 295,880,000. Of these farms, however, the enumerators reported the production of eggs for only 4,833,759, the number of fowls on such farms in 1910 being 273,256,000, or about 8 per cent less than the total. The number of eggs reported (including that on the small number of farms, about 50,000, which reported eggs produced in 1909 but no fowls on hand in 1910) was 1,457,386,000 dozens. These returns may somewhat imderstate the production of eggs even on the farms to which they relate, since farmers seldom keep accurate records of egg production and are apt to underestimate it, particularly by underes- timatiag the home consumption; but there is no means of judging the extent of the deficiency due to this cause. An estimate may, however, be made for farms which reported no eggs produced in 1909, although they had fowls m 1910.1 Jq t,yg ^ay a total of 1,591,311,000 dozens is obtained as the approximate production of eggs in the country in 1909. The production of 1899 (also partly estimated) was 1,293,662,000 dozens, the increase in 1909 as compared with 1899 being 23 per cent. The value of eggs produced in 1909 (including esti- mates) was $306,689,000, or considerably more than twice as much as that for 1899. The average value per dozen, as reported by the farmers, increased from $0,111 to $0,193. About three-fourths of the farmers who reported the production of eggs in 1909 reported also that they sold eggs during that year. The number sold by them, as reported, was 926,466,000 dozens. ' The reasons for the incompleteness of the reports of poultry and eggs produced are similar to those in the case of wool, set forth in a preceding footnote. The method of estimate used for poultry and eggs is slightly different from that used in the case of wool, and theoretically somewhat less correct. Instead of calculating the total production by applying to the total number of fowls the ratio between (1) the number of fowls on hand April 15, 1910, on farms reporting also the production of fowls or eggs in 1909, and (2) the total reported production of fowls or of eggs in 1909 on the same farms, it was calculated from the ratio between (1) the number of fowls on hand Ajjril 15, 1910, on farms reporting also the production of fowls or eggs in 1909, and (2) the total reported production of fowls or eggs in 1909, which includes a srnall production on farms not reporting fowls on hand in 1910. The quantity produced on farms of the latter class was so insignificant as not to justify the addi- tional labor of a separate tabulation. Table 17 FOWXS ON HAND APEIL 15, 1910 eggs pkoduced, as reported: 1909 Total pro- duction of eggs, partly estimated (dozens): 1909 fowls raised, as reported: 1909 DIVISION. Total. On farms reporting eggs produced in On farms reporting fowls raised in 1909. Farms report- ing. Quantity (dozens). Farms report- ing. Number. Total num- ber of fowls raised, partly estimated: Farms reporting. Number. Farms report- ing. Number. Farms report- ing. Number. 1909 TTnited States 6,685,032 150,643 428,443 1,046,736 1,007,771 971,758 897, 145 808,267 126, 986 148,283 295,880,190 7,078,636 26,004,626 71,941,382 88,684,488 27,858,263 26, 918, 669 31,501,899 5,708,606 10,183,722 4,833,769 135,310 390, 783 959, 187 885,546 843,954 762, 182 645,347 92,716 118,725 273,268,924 6,629,735 24, 546, 744 68,126,004 82,504,127 25,771,773 24,583,658 27,476,494 4,626,338 8,991,151 4,761,774 127,114 379, 783 941,238 874, 560 840,235 760,641 637.835 88,163 112,205 270,640,664 6,439,960 24, 124, 144 67,634,087 82,201,207 25,512,240 24,391,225 27,089,614 4,492,690 8,656,407 4,883,507 142, 165 396,012 966,240 891,690 850,796 769,898 651,667 94,781 120,363 1,457,386,772 61,487,518 152,222,031 370,966,805 413,838,848 125, 634, 154 117, 141, 106 136,787,145 28,518,888 60,790,277 1,691,311,371 66,078,175 161,921,598 392,304,118 446,336,192 136,073,767 129,133,681 165,557,865 35,504,102 69,401,873 4,832,496 135,278 388,012 950,627 882,408 854,310 771,066 647,003 91,165 114,627 445,650,124 10, 143, 637 33,689,001 96,463,041 114,871,313 64,779,063 55,402,822 60,796,202 6,912,618 12,592,432 488,468,354 11,139,439 Middle Atlantic 36,313,031 East North Central > 102, 496, 192 West North Central 123,853,667 70,792,154 61,199,837 West South Central 59, 066, 127 Mountain 8, 799, 190 14.808,717 72497°— 13- -23 354 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. On the basis of similar estimates for farms with in- complete reports, the total number of fowls raised in 1909 (including those sold, killed, or on hand April 15, 1910) was 488,468,000 and their value $202,506,000. The census of 1900 did not call for the number of fowls raised in 1899, but the value of fowls raised in that year (partly estimated) was $136,830,000, the increase between 1899 and 1909 being 48 per cent. The number of fowls reported sold in 1909 was about one-third of the number raised. Divisions and states: 1909 and 1899. — Table 17, on the preceding page, shows, by geographic divisions, the production of fowls and of eggs as reported for 1909, with estimates of the total production. There is a decidedly greater difference in the Moun- tain, West South Central, and Pacific divisions than elsewhere between the reported production of eggs and fowls and the estimated total production. Table 21 shows, by divisions and states, the total number and value of eggs produced and the total value of fowls raised (including estimates) in 1909 and 1899, respectively, and also the sales as reported. The relative importance of the several geographic divisions in the production and sale of eggs and of fowls may be more conveniently judged by Table 18, which shows the percentages of the totals which were reported from each division. Table 18 PER CENT OF UNITED STATES TOTALS. Eggs produced. Quan- lllf: 1909 Fowls raised. DIVISION. Quantity. Value. Num- ber: 1909 Value. Num- ber of fowls sold: 1909 1899 1909 1899 1909 1899 TTnlted States New England Middle Atlantic East Nortli Central West North Central.... 100.0 3.6 10.2 24.7 28.0 8.6 8.1 10.4 2.2 4.4 100.0 3.9 10.9 27.0 28.4 8.1 8.1 9.1 1.4 3.1 100. 4.9 12.2 24.5 25.3 8.7 7.3 8.6 2.8 5.7 100.0 6.2 13.6 26.1 25.4 8.1 7.1 7.1 2.1 4.4 100.0 4.0 11.9 27.7 29.8 7.4 6.8 6.5 1.5 4.5 100.0 2.3 7.4 21.0 26.4 14.5 12.5 12.1 1.8 3.0 100. 3.6 10.6 23.7 25.8 12.1 9.4 8.7 2.2 3.8 100.0 3.7 11.4 26.5 24.5 11.4 10.2 7.9 1.4 3.0 100.0 3.4 10.7 25.1 23.8 East Soutli Central West Soutli Central 10.0 8.3 Pacific 3 8 The distribution of the production of eggs and of poultry among the divisions naturally conforms more or less closely to the distribution of the number of fowls on hand. In 1909 the West North Central division produced 28 per cent of the eggs and 25.4 per cent of the fowls, the corresponding percentages for the East North Central division being 24.7 and 21, respectively. The West South Central division ranked third in the production of eggs, but the South Atlantic ranked third in the number of fowls raised. In some of the divisions a considerably larger pro- portion of the eggs produced and of the fowls raised are sold than in other divisions, so that certain differ- ences appear between the percentages showing the distribution of sales and those showing the distribu- tion of production. Table 19 shows, by geographic divisions, the increase in the quantity and value of eggs produced, and in the value of fowls raised, between 1899 and 1909. Table 19 inckease: 1899 to 1909 DIVISION. Eggs produced. Fowls raised. Quantity (dozens). Per cent. Value. Per cent. Value. Per cent. United States 297,648,938 4,391,595 20,844,178 42,784,628 79,191,972 30,723,771 24,267,321 48,327,365 17,343,535 29,774,573 23.0 8.7 14.8 12.2 21.6 29.2 23.1 41.2 95.5 75.1 $162,448,419 6,192,693 17,858,461 37,614,304 40,908,806 14,858,386 12,009,679 16,203,524 5,601,807 11,200,859 112.6 69.1 90.9 100.0 111.8 127.1 116. 9 159.0 187.9 178.2 $65,676,120 2,315,087 5,948,689 11,694,914 18,787,032 8,860,158 5,225,245 6,814,959 2,486,450 3,543,686 48.0 45.9 Middle Atlantic 38.2 East Nortb Central West North Central South Altan tic 32.2 56.0 57.0 East South Central West South Central 37.6 62.7 131.8 Pacific... 85.0 The absolute increase, both in the quantity of eggs produced and in the value of fowls raised, was greatest in the West North Central division, but the percentages of increase were higher in some of the divisions of the South and the West. Table 20 shows, by geographic divisions, the average value of eggs and of fowls produced and sold, respec- tively, in 1909 and of eggs produced in 1899. ITnited states.. New England Middle Atlantic East North Central. West North Central South Atlantic East South Central. West South Central. Mountain Pacific AVERAGE value. Eggs per dozen. Produced. 1909 1899 $0. 193 0.275 0.232 0.192 0.174 0.195 0.173 0.159 0.242 0.252 $0. Ill 0.177 0.139 0.108 0.100 0.111 0.098 0.087 0.164 0.169 Sold: 1909 $0,195 0.278 0.232 0.192 0.173 0.197 0.172 0.161 0.245 0.253 Fowls. Baised: 1909 $0,415 0.661 0.593 0.468 0.423 0.345 0.313 0.299 0.497 0.521 Sold: 1909 $0,490 0.709 0.642 0.522 0.490 0.403 0.373 0.345 0.561 0.560 The average value of eggs produced in 1909, as reported by the farmers, ranged from 27.5 cents per dozen in the New England division to 15.9 cents in the West South Central. In most divisions the average value of eggs sold was reported at a slightly higher figure than that of eggs produced. In every division the average value of eggs produced was very much higher in 1909 than in 1899. The average value of aU fowls raised in 1909 ranged from 66.1 cents each in the New England division to 29.9 cents in the West South Central, while the value of those sold ranged from 70.9 cents to 34.5 cents. LIVE STOCK PRODUCTS. PRODUCTION AND SALES OF EGGS AND POULTRY, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES. 355 Table 21 DIVISION OE STATE. United States Geographic divisions: New England Middle Atlantic East North Central.. West North Central. South Atlantic East South Central.. West South Central. ^fountain Pacific New Enqiaud: Maine New Hampshire Vermont Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut Middle Atlantic: New York New Jersey Pennsylvania East Nokth Centeal: Ohio Indiana Illinois Michigan Wisconsin West North Central: Minnesota Iowa Missouri North Dakota South Dakota Nebraska Kansas Sooth Atlantic: Delaware Maryland District of Columbia . , VirglDia West Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Florida East South Central: Kentucky Tennessee Alabama Mississippi West South Central: Arkansas Louisiana Oklahoma Texas Mountain: Montana Idaho Wyoming Colorado New Mexico Arizona Utah Nevada Pacific: Washington Oregon California eggs produced (partly estdiated). Quantity (dozens). 1909 1,691,311,371 55,078,176 161,921,598 392,304,118 446,336,192 136,073,767 129,133,681 165,557,866 35,504,102 69,401,873 14,936,959 7,499,470 7,037,082 14,145,240 2,894,081 8,666,343 72,349,034 14,842,859 74,729,705 100,889,599 80,755,437 100,119,418 59,916,851 50,623,813 63,807,974 109,760,487 111,816,693 17,294,322 25,067,489 46,929,923 81,659,304 4,448,482 15,533,732 51,945 35, 100, 693 19,159,008 23,556,124 11,049,468 20,793,359 6,380,956 44,313,377 42,043,104 22,234,713 20,642,487 27,054,674 14,667,544 46,000,600 77,845,047 6,004,051 6,492,270 2,091,716 10,652,396 2,976,233 1,744,081 4,672,866 870,489 16,472,576 11,906,903 41,022,395 1899 1,293,662,433 50,686,680 141,077,420 349,519,490 367,144,220 105,349,996 104,866,360 117,230,500 18,160,667 39,627,300 13,304,150 7,005,180 6,271,880 12,928,630 3,217,310 7,959,430 62,096,690 11,942,650 67,038,180 91, 766, 630 70,782,200 86, 402, 070 54,318,410 46,249,680 43,208,130 99,621,920 85,203,290 7,438,400 17,349,750 41,132,140 73,190,590 3,571,870 12,511,450 42,580 25,560,460 17,242,400 17,704,020 9,007,700 16,505,330 4,214,186 35,337,340 31,807,990 18,778,960 18,942,070 25,694,860 12,820,290 120,674,540 58,040,810 3,002,890 2,879,590 937,670 5,704,290 839,890 819,507 3,387,340 589,490 7,473,790 7,709,970 24,443,540 Value. 1909 $306,688,960 15,156,991 37,507,552 75,237,900 77,493,327 86,646,679 22,283,364 26,396,765 8,682,548 17,486,834 3,792,336 2,043,338 1,716,221 4,280,445 848,527 2,476,125 17,101,732 3,903,006 16,502,816 19,748,668 15,287,206 18,940,454 11,734,799 9,626,784 9,767,410 19,236,600 19,345,602 3,046,687 4,244,291 7,990,377 13,864,360 968,970 3,236,769 15,277 6,882,276 3, 672, 193 4,256,769 2,162,797 3,971,760 1,379,878 7,605,116 7,258,146 3,762,445 3, 667, 657 4,459,272 2,448,502 7,544,446 11,943,546 1,610,766 1,548,431 501,386 2,444,006 683,441 530,746 999,959 263,813 4,311,291 2,912,849 10,262,694 1899 $144,240,641 19,649,091 37,623,596 36,684,521 11,687,293 10,273,685 10,192,241 2,980,741 6,286,975 2,038,225 1,213,703 959,965 2,571,341 666,845 1,623,319 8,630,062 1,938,304 9,080,725 10,280,769 7,441,944 8,942,401 6, 104, 462 4,854,020 4,437,148 10,016,707 8,315,371 782,790 1,727,392 4,068,002 7,237,111 488,401 1,572,682 6,492 2,836,899 1,877,675 1,810,116 926,966 1,615,538 563,524 3,460,607 3,116,335 1,826,978 1,871,765 2,328,509 1,281,713 11,909,832 4, 672, 187 631,143 465,504 163,517 852, 978 157, 176 163,274 424,628 122,622 1,269,226 1,162,071 3,864,679 fowls raised (paetlt estimated). Number. 1909 488,468,354 11,139,439 36,313,031 102,496,192 123,863,667 70,792,154 61,199,837 69,066,127 8,799,190 14,808,717 2,601,733 1,394,664 1,282,624 3,212,339 602,335 2,045,854 13,980,792 4,847,288 17,484,951 23,433,006 23,067,814 32,362,888 12,877,637 10,764,948 11,862,787 29,990,147 31,913,210 4, 043, 481 6,186,427 15,274,150 24,583,465 1,562,370 6,949,459 16, 614 16,290,508 6,643,096 16,227,685 8,811,348 14,930,716 2,461,358 19,247,287 17,415,208 12,467,486 12,069,856 10,808,758 6,337,010 16,264,003 25,666,356 1,432,741 1,653,272 619,169 2,706,945 932,046 392,286 971,917 190,815 3,722,257 2,665,492 8,430,968 Value. 1909 $202,506,272 7,361, 21,527, 47,972, 62,337, 24,413, 19,128, 17,681, 4,373, 7,710, 1,454,816 879,014 759,362 2,411,078 482,016 1,374,764 8,403,162 3,846,029 9,277,886 10,997,633 10,726,137 16,404,028 6,191,440 4,653,649 4,714,919 13,914,986 14,572,686 1,630,402 2,365,667 6,866,508 9,382,214 838,533 3,011,382 9,102 6,146,236 2,238,696 4,496,767 2,548,179 4,119,870 1,006,198 6,937,008 5,774,175 3,168,471 3,249,224 2,868,662 1,943,615 6,388,133 7,481,165 797,450 800, 700 260,638 1,393,039 367,907 225,640 412,369 116,610 1,873,608 1,416,608 4,420,515 1899 $136, 830, 152 5,046,951 16,678,488 36,277,973 33,660,148 16,653,805 13,903,633 10,866,416 1,886, 4,167,046 965,468 610,696 689,109 1,407,681 398, 790 984,207 6,161,429 2,266,816 7,161,243 8,847,009 8,172,993 11,307,599 4,561,945 3,398,427 2,927,717 9,491,819 9,525,252 694,761 1,020,382 3,499,044 6,491,183 696,391 2,077,490 6,480 3,744,654 1,843,762 2,689,970 1,639,766 2,481,610 674, 703 4,970,063 4,282,740 2,263,346 2,387,484 2,179,634 1,426,116 11,950,304 5,311,362 398,487 282,468 79,488 587,536 90, 152 114,884 262,603 71,175 848,291 826,687 2,492,067 EGGS SOLD, AS REPORTED. Quantity (dozens). 1909 926, 465, 787 37,026,214 110,099,444 256,349,132 275,973,630 68,946,260 62,699,562 60,044,761 13,664,183 41,673,721 10,340,134 4,948,014 4,461,120 9,614,604 2,246,679 5,424,763 48,074,481 9,578,886 62,446,077 69,575,637 53,899,416 62,036,837 38,668,386 32,268,836 34,347,776 70,835,349 71,886,145 6,464,074 14,226,323 25,380,697 62,833,166 3,346,683 10,626,637 16,660 21,113,160 11,762,888 10,471,867 2,766,645 6,135,393 2,806,437 24,744,9il0 24,697,449 7,666,603 5,691,560 10,814,594 6,622,297 18,860,825 24,747,035 2,116,624 2,370,346 542,643 4,260,285 882,856 820,377 2,315,120 345,932 8,572,408 6,233,626 26,867,687 Value. $180,768,249 288,343 491,087 181, 738 835,052 615,214 808,834 654,886 341,609 651,486 2,659,117 1,373,432 1,092,578 2,914,756 669,984 1,678,477 11,394,611 2,535,668 11,560,908 13,608,860 10,213,390 11,745,316 7,547,202^ 6,066,971 6,212,270 12,387,353 12,462,508 1,142,043 2,371,666 4,322,484 8,946,839 729,306 2, 191, 615 6,709 4,180,530 2,250,362 1,908,721 547,894 1,177,450 623,628 4,250,081 4,248,340 1,303,303 1,007,110 1,735,624 920,644 3,131,023 3,867,796 584,953 573,098 133,157 981,851 212,679 250,488 499,988 105,395 2,302,128 1,531,932 6,717,426 FOWLS SOLD, AS REPORTED. Number. 1909 153,600,169 5,166,346 16,392,968 38, 497, 611 36,611,202 20,774,474 16,338,379 12,727,016 2,215,484 5,886,691 1,213,689 623,092 579,614 1,596,472 295,413 848,065 5,806,367 2,540,200 8,046,401 9,123,564 8,127,981 12,096,388 5,289,794 3,869,884 3,704,433 10,388,967 10,656,882 588,492 1,314,046 3,760,940 6,207,442 623,200 2,273,501 6,162 6,069,990 2,009,220 4,617,041 1,554,709 2, 904, 115 727,546 5,036,361 5,330,639 2,676,890 2,294,489 2,344,601 1,058,236 3,662,200 6,761,978 371,847 370, 776 106,376 670,128 194,917 134,098 298,015 69,328 1,250,839 957, 644 3,678,208 Value. 1909 $76,273,624 3,657,885 10,529,042 20,104,214 17,967,269 8,377,958 5,717,349 4,389,435 1,243,964 3,296,408 727,748 411,441 387,410 1,287,829 245,326 598,132 3,766,603 2,130,691 4,631,848 4,754,091 4,323,074 6,336,037 2,746,226 1,946,786 1,796,502 5,207,079 6,833,472 283,972 670,844 1,688,367 2,677,043 355,215 1,313,301 2,341 2,666,705 960,436 1,430,191 487,066 848,104 314,699 2,272,477 2,075,792 715,639 663,541 688,528 333,820 1,324,940 2,042,147 237,050 208,134 59,825 384,812 80,848 85,277 140,798 47,220 693,092 584,460 2,018,856 1 Includes Indian Territory. 356 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. HONEY AND WAX. United States and states : 1909 and 1899. — Table 22 shows, for each division and state, the quantity of honey and of wax produced, respectively, and their combined value, in 1909 and 1899. The figures are as reported by the enumerators, and probably somewhat understate the true production. Table 22 DIVISION OE STATE. United States . . Oeoobafhic divs.: New England Middle Atlantic . . . E. North Central.. W. North Central.. South Atlantic... E. South Central.. W. South Central.. Mountain Paoiflc 5i, 814, 890 New Enolans; Maine New Hampshire. . . Vermont Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut Middle Atlantic : New York New Jersey FeimsylTania E. NOBTH Centeal: Ohio Indiana Illinois Michigan Wisconsin , W.NobthObhtral: Minnesota Iowa Missouri North Dakota South Dakota HONEY PBODUCED (POUNDS). 1909 594, 117 5,184,lb5 7,778,645 6,744,608 7,362,640 4,477,759 4,486,'"" 6,577,800 11,608,276 112,051 65,038 160,283 96, 802 14,221 145,722 3,191,733 152,072 1,840,360 1,001,179 687,097 1,428,640 2,507,810 2,153,819 976,262 2,374,080 2,105,815 11,084 139,714 1899 61,099,290 732,078 122,949 399,724 055,778 468,843 065,170 784,654 692,426 177,668 200,080 89,260 182, 278 109,050 28,450 122,960 3,422,497 174,250 2,526,202 1,980,530 1,681,554 2,961,080 2,099,400 2,677,100 986,446 2,539,784 3,018,929 7,630 49,320 WAXPKODUCED (POUNDS). 1909 1899 904,867 8,251 66,393 132,735 93,633 172,996 111,369 92, 177 88,447 138,866 2,260 792 2, 1,019 185 1,096 43,198 1,372 21,823 7,454 15,115 26,240 28,524 65,402 16,880 44,266 23,784 92 943 1,763,596 29, 153, 221, 176, 379, 343, 245, 74, 141, 6,570 3,350 8,652 6,250 890 4,090 84,075 7,640 61,302 34,620 27,780 75,290 38.860 44,670 20,626 49,314 09,258 90 770 $5,992,083 VALUE OF HONES AND WAX. 1909 $6,656,611 108, 675, 972, 864, 925, 650, 493, 674, 20,686 13,623 26, 166 19, 176 2,959 25,913 389,642 22,917 262,804 133,891 105,715 200,763 296,742 236,723 124, 617 285,429 274, 174 1,869 20,443 1899 119,581 681,566 1,315,385 1,037,016 1,029,233 861,123 692,018 413,692 606,397 34,461 17,686 27,290 18, 412 6,156 16,576 352,795 23,479 305,292 252,321 219, 110 343,200 230,012 270,742 118,884 305, 183 348,604 1,149 6,247 DIVISION OK STATE. W. No. Centeal- Continued: Nebraska Kansas South Atlantic: Delaware , Maryland District ol Col... Virginia West Virginia.-. North Carolina... South Carolina... Georgia Florida E. South Centeal; Kentucky Tennessee Alabama W.SocTH Centeal: Arkansas Louisiana Oklahoma Texas Mountain: Montana Idaho Wyoming Colorado.....^..-. New Mexico Arizona Utah Nevada Pacific: Washington Oregon California HONEY PEODUCED (POUNDS). 1909 527,868 609,785 • 62,777 306,367 3,657 1,344,360 1,550,739 1,809.127 653; 119 884,662 747,832 1,558,670 1,468,123 891,964 659,012 913,616 340,134 140,234 3,093,097 163,510 1,011,068 138,924 2,306,492 439,528 1,025,282 1,138,091 354,905 503,580 839,981 10,264,715 1899 866,200 l,187,j 101,410 306,788 530 1,708,320 1,673,120 2,477,800 872,690 1,650,745 677,640 2,681.720 2,404,560 1,930,410 1,048,490 1,405,320 426,490 I 172, 640 4,780,204 19,940 379, 450 19,220 1,732,630 139,998 930,420 1,292,118 178, 650 530,790 979, 140 3, 667, 738 WAX PBODUCED (POUNDS). 1909 3,336 4,332 2,756 4,368 23,883 11,090 76,400 12,440 23,434 18,636 17,307 28,864 50,043 15,155 20,403 12,284 1.1 58,402 394 8,018 1,563 33,682 5,345 15,012 16,667 7,766 4,038 8,383 126,445 1899 16,090 19,236 1,' 7,860 60,110 30, 180 135,920 37,500 73,372 32,290 53, 120 79,590 162,020 49,170 69,340 20,440 15,590 169,690 130 6,650 340 24,930 2, 13,080 23,740 3,380 9,540 16,740 115,330 VALUE OF HONEY AND WAX. 1909 73,398 84,437 8,235 39,244 477 173,927 231,630 230,686 78,936 101,888 60,906 202,242 183,062 99,977 64,862 112,968 33,911 24,096 322,798 21,935 88,382 16,725 234,334 39,639 67,203 79,763 37,002 66,391 94,510 666,367 1899 106,676 161,873 10,536 38,867 66 195,886 199,089 263,730 92,857 169,723 68,500 291, 179 259,691 197,232 113,021 166,943 46,200 121,348 468,627 3,706 42,726 2,676 171,740 13,836 67,489 94,364 17, 156 65,211 109, 247 331,939 1 Includes Indian Territory. The total production of honey in the United States in 1909 was reported as 54,815,000 pounds, a decrease of 10.3 per cent as compared with 1899. Wax, which is a relatively unimportant product, showed a much greater decrease. The combined value of honey and wax in 1909 was $5,992,000, or 10 per cent less than in 1899. The geographic distribution of the production of honey , naturally corresponds quite closely to that of the colonies of bees. The business of raising honey is very generally distributed throughout the country. There was a decrease in the production of honey between 1899 and 1909 in each of the geographic divisions except the Mountain and the Pacific. DOMESTIC AinMAIS SOID OE SIATJGHTERED ON FARMS. United States as a whole. — Table 23 shows^ for the United States as a whole, the number and value of each class of domestic animals sold or slaughtered on farms during 1909. Table 23 DOMESTIC ANIMALS SOLD OE SLAUGHTEBED ON PAEMS IN 1909. All classes. Cattle (exclusive of calves). Calves. Horses. Mules. Asses and burros. Swine. Sheep. Goats. Total sold or slaughtered: Number Value Average value Sold: Number Value , Average value.. Slaughtered: Number Valus Average value. .dollara. .dollars. 1,833,175,487 .dollars., .dollara.. 1,562,936,694 .dollars., .dollars.. 270,238,793 The value of all domestic animals sold during 1909 was $1,562,937,000, and that of animals slaughtered on the farm $270,239,000, making a total of $1,833,- 175,000. To the total value of animals sold, cattle (including calves) contributed $710,015,000, or 45.4 per cent; horses, mules, and asses and burros together $306,457,000, or 19.6 per cent; swine $463,011,000, or 29.6 per cent; and sheep and goats $83,453,000, or 5.3 per cent. The number of cattle and sheep slaugh- tered on farms was equal to but a very small fraction of the number sold, but the number of swine slaughtered was more than two-fifths as great as the number sold. LIVE STOCK PRODUCTS. 357 The value of domestic animals sold as reported for 1909 ($1,562,937,000) is not at aU comparable with the value of animals sold as reported at the Twelfth Census ($722,614,000), for the reason that the inquiry at the Thirteenth Census related to all animals sold from the farm, while that at the Twelfth Census related only to the sale of animals which had been raised on the farm reporting. A very considerable number of the animals sold dur- ing any given year are animals previously purchased by the farmers, often during the same year. The prac- tice of buyuig cattle, swine, and sheep to fatten for market is very common among farmers in some sec- tions. Consequently the gross sales of domestic animals include much duplication. On the other hand, if the sales of animals not raised on the farm reporting are excluded, the additional value (often very great) which such animals may acquire between the time of purchase and the time of sale is omitted from the statistics. Finally, it should be noted that the value of animals sold or slaughtered, no matter how determined, by no means represents the true product of the stock raising industry. An animal, such as a horse or a cow, for example, which is raised by a farmer and retained indefinitely for draft or dairy purposes is just as much a product of agriculture as one sold or slaughtered; this is true, in fact, even though such animal merely replaces another which dies of age or disease. Divisions and states. — Table 24 shows, by geographic divisions, the combined value of all domestic animals sold or slaughtered on farms in 1909. Table 24 VALUE or ALL DOMESTIC ANIMALS SOLD OE SLAUQHTEEED ON FARMS IN 1909. PEE CENT OF TOTAL VALUB OF ANIMALS. DIVISION. Total. Sold. Slaughtered. Sold or slaugh- tered. Sold. Slaugh- tered. United States New England . . . Middle Atlantic. E. North Central. W. North Central South Atlantic. E. South Central. W. South Central Mountain $1,833,175,487 30,416,780 89,663,068 422,926,866 715,336,436 102,608,692 129,996,106 181,003,206 100,115,107 61,310,240 $1,662,936,694 24,287,381 62,359,683 366,849,902 664,809,849 66,917,658 91,782,197 149,019,393 93,035,953 63,874,678 $270,238,793 6,129,399 27,203,385 66,076,953 60,626,686 46,691,034 38,213,908 31,983,812 7,079,154 7,435,562 100.0 1.7 4.9 23.1 39.0 6.6 7.1 9.9 6.6 3.3 100.0 1.6 4.0 23.6 42.5 3.6 5.9 9.6 6.0 3.4 100.0 2.3 10.1 20.8 18.7 16.9 14.1 11.8 2.6 2.8 Of the total value of animals sold or slaughtered on farms, the West North Central division reported 39 per cent, the East North Central 23.1 per cent, and the West South Central 9.9 per cent, these three divisions to- gether reporting nearly three-fourths of the total. With respect to the value of domestic animals slaugh- tered on farms, the East North Central division ranked first, foUowed by the West North Central and the South Atlantic. Table 25 shows, by geographic divisions, the number and value of each separate class of domestic animals sold or slaughtered on farms during 1909. Table 25 New England: Number Value dollars. . Average value . . . .dollars. . Middle Atlantic: Number Value dollars. . Average value dollars. . East North Centeal: Number Value dollars. . Average value dollars. . West Noeth Centeal: Number Value dollars . . Average value dollars. . South Atlantic: Number Value dollars. . Average value dollars. . East South Centeal: Number Value dollars. . Average value dollars. . West South Centeal: Number Value dollars . . Average value dollars. . MoUNTADf: Number Value dollars- . Average value dollars. . Pacific: Number Value dollars. . Average value dollars. . cattle (excluding calves). Sold. 434,193 14,063,746 32.39 850,908 28,433,677 33.42 2,788,939 107,686,696 38.61 7,334,406 283,647,784 38.67 1,030,151 29,366,065 28.51 1,527,324 32,728,694 21.43 3,993,760 83,712,953 20.96 1,720,298 60, 144, 682 29.16 893,021 27,902,619 31.25 Slaugh- tered. 75,679 1,778,913 23.51, 160,473 4,354,379 27.13 214,287 5,637,160 26.31 317,627 7,466,246 23.51 158,646 2,880,386 18.16 129,846 1,907,630 14.69 151,371 2,406,722 16.90 116,113 3,078,640 26.74 86, 698 2,178,818 25.42 Sold. 437,321 2,338,235 6.35 1,397,252 9,847,792 7.05 1,965,546 14,637,203 7.45 1,137,087 10,947,101 9.63 398,606 3,036,567 7.62 318,428 2,283,029 7.17 747,037 6,360,162 8.51 133,240 1,384,458 10.39 208,231 1,493,634 7.17 Slaugh- tered. 101,698 517, 424 5.09 296,923 1,706,488 5.77 289,053 1,996,796 6.91 146,954 1,036,764 7.10 57,909 370, 706 6.40 27,723 176, 417; 6.33| 39,236 300,863: 7.67 38,572 371,991 9.64 135, 632 971,650 7.17 Horses sold. 33,894 4,667,190 134.45 103,706 12,714,226 122.60 476,628 64,620,499 135.37 636,502 79,254,866 124.52 85,519 9,270,128 108.40 98,074 10,013,375 102. 10 156,430 13,141,491 84.55 110,040 9,102,421 82.72 68,660 7,690,294 112.19 Mules sold. 276 47,842 173.34 6,616 938,963 144.12 89,665 11,477,496 128.00 251,347 35,086,146 139.69 42,659 5, 652, 701 132.51 160,392 21,258,297 132.54 146,840 17,564,241 119.55 7,327 778,709 106.28 11,841 1, 566, 166 132. 18 and buJTOS sold. 11 234 21.27 7,310 36.92 2,668 170,814 64.02 5,925 846,274 142.83 632 39,692 62.80 2,313 394,604 170.66 4,636 292,650 63.13 1,028 40,972 39.86 323 40,651 125.86 Sold. 326,828 2,551,918 7.83 1,076,690 7,060,488 6.56 11,464,960 148,970,626 12.99 17,179,803 241,711,567 14.07 1,104,162 6,132,246 4.65 2,454,112 19,979,597 8.14 2,772,498 26,930,428 9.35 392,900 4,106,278 10.45 730, 205 7,567,967 10.36 Slaugh- tered. 177, 154 3, 647, 138 20.69 1,136,912 20,698,021 18.22 2,944,811 48,161,673 16.35 2,664,171 41,796,766 16.69 3,201,206 42,172,962 13.17 2,566,039 35,966,100 14.07 2,213,493 29,147,393 13.17 208,106 2,992,716 14.38 277,625 4,018,011 14.47 Sold. 181,504 723,623 3.99 733,204 3,347,996 4.57 3,944,079 19,338,167 4.90 2,694,142 13,182,975 4.89 996,135 4,387,828 4.41 1, 167, 673 6,072,379 4.38 506,421 1, 658, 693 3.28 6,787,685 27,298,628 4.02 1,991,613 7,496,263 3.76 Slaugh- tered. 41,719 185,313 4.44 80,724 443,342 6.49 67,686 277,929 4.82 46, 612 221,074 4.85 36,701 151,443 4.13 34,236 133,959 3.91 20, 195 61,340 3.04 153, 672 652, 670 3.60 59,081 240,669 4.07 Sold. 1,048 4,593 4.38 1,966 9,242 4.70 13,439 48,402 3.60 47,826 133,146 2.78 16,007 32,431 2.03 29,825 62,322 1.75 170,084 368,776 2.17 77,821 179, 806 2.31 49,549 118,094 2.38 Slaugh- tered. 157 611 274 1,165 4.22 739 2,396 3.24 2,297 6,746 2.94 10,134 15,648 1.63 18,629 30,902 1.66 37,831 67,494 1.78 39,383 83,137 2.11 9,645 26,514 2.78 In every geographic division except the East North Central the value of cattle and calves sold in 1909 exceeded that of any other class of animals, but in the East North Central division the value of swine sold was greater than that of cattle and calves. Marked differences appear among the geographic divisions with respect to the ratio between the num- ber of animals — particularly swine — sold and the number slaughtered on the farm. In the leading hog raising sections, the East and West North Central divisions, the number sold in 1909 was several times greater than the number slaughtered on the farm, but 358 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. in the Middle Atlantic, South Atlantic, and East South Central divisions the number sold was less than the number slaughtered. It should be noted that the wide variations in aver- age value for asses and burros sold are due to the fact that in some sections the sales include many high- priced breeding jacks, while in others they represent chiefly pack burros. Table 26 presents data regarding ajiimals sold or slaughtered on farms in individual states. NUMBER AND VALUE OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS SOLD OR SLAUGHTERED ON FARMS, BY STATES: 1909. fable 26 ITnited States . . New England;. Maine New Hampsliire. . . Vermont Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut- j: Middle Atlantic: New York '■ New Jersey Pennsylvania E. NoBTH Central: Ohio Indiana Illinois Michigan Wisconsin W. NokthCenteal: Minnesota Iowa Missouri North Dal^ota South Dakota Nebraska Kansas South Atlantic: Delaware Maryland Dist. of Columbia . . Virginia West Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Florida E. SoDTH Central: Kentucky Tennessee Alabama Mississippi W. South Central: Arkansas Louisiana Oklahoma Texas Mountain: Montana Idaho Wyoming Colorado New Mexico Arizona Utah Nevada PACmc: Washington Oregon California VALUE OF ALL DOMESTIC ANIMALS. Sold. $1,562,936,691 6,531,033 3,482,691 5,990,550 5,014,442 580,949 2,687,816 29,333,508 3,433,924 29,592,251 74,632,856 81,437,250 132,622,547 35,915,379 42,241,870 34,121,517 208,069,001 143,967,066 11,409,158 35,722,056 100,784,287 130,736,764 768,034 5,399,890 16,519 20,124,957 14,159,182 7,209,308 2,430,169 5,459,350 1,350,243 43,080,628 37,637,861 5,543,718 5,519,990 12,914,397 2,933,052 54,524,144 78,647,800 20,346,948 11,791,655 13,573,935 22,453,959 10,099,489 4,531,545 5,899,382 4,339,040 7,771,950 14,972,615 31,130,113 Slaugh- tered. $370,238,793 1, 847,159 1,468,345 1,006,088 165,634 753,285 9,927,603 1,562,926 15,712,856 14,964,130 11,458,882 14,438,127 7,652,048 7,562,766 6,942,498 10,147,302 15,272,156 3,047,590 2,637,084 5,293,468 7, 186, 488 570,575 3,069,871 7,937 8,857,649 4,296,936 11,317,680 4,360,448 10,410,370 2,699,568 11,652,749 12,209,506 7,606,346 6,745,307 7,409,195 2,847,114 6,575,550 15,151,953 1,262,151 1,074,048 650,745 1,754,216 842,396 315,552 756,854 423,192 2,477,396 2,461,159 2,497,007 NUMBER, BY CLASSES. Cattle (excluding calves). Sold. 20,672,997 83,932 54,904 145,955 81, 661 11,177 56,564 451,265 30,954 558, 420 463,825 1,029,835 319,063 417,796 442,034 2,130,,255 1,300,'754 159,392 519,607 1,221,743 1,560,620 7,070 56,863 344 314,925 257,733 163,015 57,301 112,127 60,773 535,429 540,C91 198,226 252,778 379, 676 139,319 939,546 2,536,219 272,996 145,948 198,970 437,215 306,347 146,852 110,780 101,190 94,368 249,733 548,920 Slaugh- tered. 1,408,640 18,755 9,116 18,832 13,521 6,699 8,756 68,793 3,176 88,505 54,040 27,122 38,466 43, 619 51,040 79,226 73,454 32,059 31,570 28,475 42,083 30,660 551 5,870 8 20,058 18,753 36,132 17,657 37,605 22,012 19,011 33,483 42,946 34,406 38,088 26,209 23,043 64,031 19,755 12,216 9,810 26,818 16,316 10,773 8,208 11,217 25,087 24,292 36,319 Calves. Sold. 6,742,748 98,577 64,347 102,781 96,486 9,653 66,477 814,704 112,885 469,663 362,046 251,470 410,590 293,526 647,915 176,970 256,071 254,702 22,263 48,862 96,821 281,398 19,292 92,359 416 119,002 58,815 52,137 14,541 39,507 2,537 140,896 114,620 30,694 32,218 86,235 15,490 132,870 512,442 18,389 19,098 13,716 33,934 16,169 7,625 20,754 3,656 30,291 30,473 147,467 Slaugh- tered. 1,131,600 27,396 10,650 41,375 14,187 1,175 6,915 212,962 14,025 31,180 21,731 81,079 61,896 93,167 80,493 18,235 8,779 14,419 7,034 5,458 11,536 414 2,110 28 5,' 6,108 14, 6, 22,323 1, 4,646 9,548 7,872 6,767 8,379 2,667 5,746 22,445 8,748 4, 1,948 11,657 3,658 1,144 5,312 1,410 44,238 40,756 50,538 Horses sold. 1,768,342 12,003 4,966 7,158 6,963 579 3,225 39,552 4,921 69,232 104,500 110,116 165,925 52,432 43,656 45,790 181,666 124,585 36,983 50,858 91,218 105,512 1,453 10,549 9 31,878 19,456 12,236 2,818 5,463 1,667 43,301 39,011 7,787 7,975 22,073 4,109 59,751 69,497 31,037 13,484 12,711 23,821 11,208 4,357 7,069 6,353 18,106 21,455 28,989 Mules sold. Asses and burros sold. 716,862 44 58 56 16 8 96 377 245 5,893 32,677 62,426 484 314 687 15,612 150,436 636 1,511 17,641 64,924 307 1,882 8 7,021 2,290 10,885 4,346 16,028 60,392 78,170 12,661 25,443 3,229 47, 193 70,975 950 496 296 2,697 2,038 216 382 254 1,240 1, 8,916 17,734 1 1 1 2 77 1 120 320 242 2,028 50 28 341 96 3,316 78 332 1,006 756 5 64 115 193 151 596 1,535 530 12 1,062 3,032 16 6 403 379 69 79 72 86 71 166 Swine. Sold. 37,600,158 88,167 43,008 93,720 63,930 7,725 29,278 407,915 88,639 579,136 2,317,607 3,030,647 3,745,309 981,880 1,389,717 1,038,711 5,624,519 4,426,428 115,414 721,838 2,495,969 2,857,924 20,979 143,416 17 293,493 121,660 246,796 80,633 136,651 60,628 1,160,301 1,082,134 123,078 376,466 61,794 1,591,469 742,769 37,471 150,230 10,740 124,667 20,280 9,780 30,072 9,660 121,886 129,641 478,678 15,378,617 Slaugh- tered. 47,319 22,563 50,786 27,754 3,674 25,058 386,264 73,709 675,939 768,196 646,581 762,545 381,247 386,243 314,697 507,167 949,318 136,227 117,781 261,515 377,566 27,588 180,406 383 537,797 206,701 783,247 309,922 860,409 294,763 733,642 742,123 581,616 498,659 616,350 287,447 424,436 33,143 47,437 13,064 52,081 21,929 3,299 31,210 5,943 92,600 102,755 82,270 Sheep. Sold. Slaugh- tered. 18,991,456 89,522 14,340 64,044 6,558 1,153 5,887 403,307 9,356 320,641 1,287,373 584,778 534,030 1,140,614 397,284 242,613 594,869 883,160 75,459 227,837 395,872 274,332 1,301 76,827 410,025 410,133 76,437 3,894 14,602 2,916 671,321 456,484 18,539 11,329 49,356 13,864 41,768 401,433 1,543,632 1,021,847 1,276,011 977,460 1,009,504 205,496 425,689 328,046 177,169 998,484 815,960 529,526 23,277 5,987 6,609 2,412 749 2,685 51,277 1,229 28,218 16,754 3,714 4,284 17,818 15,116 16,231 6,180 7,461 4,342 7,246 1,753 2,399 87 2,952 Sold. 313 215 179 275 7 69 1,086 3,838 1,1 4,232 2,410 1,274 816 15,776 24,500 121 1,067 2,059 3,488 15 319 9,185 8,269 9,763 1,409 3,652 1,484 10,650 13,490 5,261 4,845 6,706 3,966 1,129 9,396 13,785 8,494 20,832 19,945 68,839 8,126 16,679 6,973 7, 15,786 35,915 Slaugh- tered. 118,989 19 6 HI 19 144 89 187 199 117 147 161 213 1,668 21 68 69 217 2 13 1,994 819 2,876 1,916 4,782 3,286 6,915 9,988 8,022 4,900 8,675 3,636 5,049 152,724 1,159 701 89 5,641 48,398 17,765 4,068 28,832 19,751 74 2,201 1,364 4,054 2,258 1,894 4,563 8,386 3,787 5,499 2,724 1,185 28,423 52 88 24 3,740 26,037 6,634 2,798 10 686 4,858 4,001 Chapter 13. FARM OEOPS— AOREAaE, PRODUCTION, AND VALUE. (With Statistics of Purchase and Sale of Crops Suitable for Feeding Animals, and of Farm Expenditures for Labor and Fertilizers.) Introduction. — This chapter presents in condensed form the main results of the Thirteenth Census of the United States with reference to the production of crops in 1909. It also contains statistics relating to the purchase and sale of crops suitable for feeding animals and to farm expenditures for labor and ferti- lizers. Statistics pertaining to Alaska, Hawaii, Porto E.ico, and other outlying possessions are not included in the tables. The tables give figures for each crop by states, though in the case of less important crops states are not named where the production is iasigmficant. AH of the data published in this chapter regarding any particular state can also be found in the supplement for that state, where additional detail concerning the acreage and production of the principal crops by counties is also published. The tables in general state the acreage, production, and value of each crop, by states, for the census years 1909 and 1899. In the case of orchard and tropical fruits, grapes, and nuts, the census inquiry was as to the number of trees or vines rather than the acreage. For certain seeds and for straw and cornstalks, acre- age was not tabulated because it would largely dupli- cate the acreage of primary crops. Forest products and maple sugar and sirup are mainly derived from unimproved land and statistics of acreage, even if they could be obtained accurately, would have little significance. In any comparison of the crop of one year with that of another, acreage, where reported, forms a inore accurate index than either the amount or the value of the crop. The crop yield is subject to variations from year to year, according to the prevalence of adverse or favorable weather conditions, while aggre- gate values reflect changes in the price per unit as well as in the amount of the crop. On the other hand, in the comparison of one- crop with another the respective acreages do not indicate the relative impor- tance so accurately as do aggregate values, since the value of the yield per acre for one crop may be much greater than for another. CROPS m GENERAI. UNITED STATES AS A WHOLE. Acreage and value of all crops: 1909 and 1899. — The principal results of the census of agriculture which relate to crops for 1909 and for 1899 for the United States as a whole are given in Table 1, on the following page. The total value of all the crops of the United States in 1909 was $5,487,000,000, as compared with $2,999,000,000 in 1899. The increase in the later year as compared with the earlier was therefore $2,488,000,000, or 83 per cent. The value of the crops for which reports of acreage were secured amounted in 1909 to $5,074,000,000, qr about niae-tenths of the value of all crops. The total acreage of crops with acreage reports in 1909 was 311,293,382. In April, 1910, the land in farms in the United States, according to the census returns, amounted to 878,798,325 acres, of which 478,451,750 acres were improved. The crops with acreage reports, therefore, occupied 35.4 per cent of the total land in farms and 65.1 per cent of the total improved land. If the acreage of fruit and nut crops grown on im- proved land were added, the proportion of improved land occupied by all crops would probably be between 66 and 67 per cent. The crops with acreage reports in 1899 occupied 283,218,280 acres, or 68.3 per cent of the improved land reported at the census of 1900. The area devoted to these crops increased by 9.9 per cent between 1899 and 1909, whUe improved land in farms increased by 15.4 per cent in the same period. The improved land not occupied by the crops specified includes land in improved pastures, land occupied by orchards, for which acreage was not reported, land lying fallow, and land in house yards and barnyards. It is possible that, because of the difficulty in dis* criminating precisely between improved and unim- proved land, the figures for the improved land at the last two censuses are not wholly comparable. Attention is called to the fact that improved farm land, as reported, increased by 64,000,000 acres, while land in crops for which the acreage was given increased only 28,000,000 acres. It should be noted, however, that the acreage devoted to orchards and vine- yards probably increased during the decade. There was also an increase of 20.4 per cent in the number of dairy cows, and doubtless a considerable increase in the improved land in pastures. In addition to these increases, it is quite probable that the amount of land lying fallow is greater at the present time than it was a decade ago because of the constant cropping. (359) 360 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. ACREAGE, PRODUCTION, AND VALUE OP ALL CROPS, FOR THE UNITED STATES: 1909 AND 1899. Table 1 All crops With acreage reports With no acreage reports 311,293,382 Cereals Corn Oats Wheat Barley Buckwheat Rye Kafir corn and milo maize Emmer and spelt Bough rice Other grains and seeds... With acreage reports . . ' Dry edible beans Other beans ;.. Dry peas Peanuts Flaxseed MisceUaneous seeds. . Grass seed Flower and vegetable Hay and forage Tobacco Cotton and cotton seed . Cotton Cotton seed2 Sugar crops With acreage reports. . . Sugar beets Sorghum cane , Sugarcane Maple sugar and sirup Other minor crops With acreage reports . . Broom corn Hemp Hops All other With no acreage reports Vegetables Potatoes ■Sweet potatoes and yams Other vegetables Fruits and nuts Small fruits Strawberries Blackberries and dewberries Raspberries and lo- ganberries Cranberries Another Orchard fruits Apples Peaches and nectar- ines Pears Plums and prunes. . Cherries Apricots All other Grapes. 1909 191,395,963 98,382,665 35, 159, 441 44,262,692 7,698,706 878,048 2,195,561 1, 635, 153 573,622 610,175 5,157,374 802,991 14, 947 1,305,099 869,887 2,083,142 81,308 72,280,776 1,294,911 32,043,838 1,285,031 364,093 444,089 476,849 390,784 326,102 7,647 44,693 12,342 7,073,379 3,668,855 641,255 2,763,269 272,460 143,045 49,004 48, 668 18, 431 13,312 Tropical and subtrop- ical fruits Oranges l/cmons Pomeloes (grape- fruit) Figs Pineapples OUves All other Nuts Almonds Pecans Walnuts (Persian or English) Another Flowers and plants Nursery products Forest products of farms. 1899 Increase. 1 Amount. Per 283,218,280 28,075,102 184,982,220 94,913,673 29,539,698 62,588,574 4, 470, 196 807,060 2,054,292 266,513 342,214 4,075,120 453,841 25, 738 968,370 516,654 2,110,517 61,691,069 1, 101, 460 24,275,101 790, 308 110, 170 293, 152 386, 986 286,213 178, 584 16,042 55,613 36, 974 5,638,220 2,938,778 537,312 2, 162, 130 309, 770 151,363 50,211 60, 916 20,364 26,916 18, 248 80,618 9,307 59,492 6,413,743 3,468,992 5, 619, 743 -8,326,982 3,228,510 70,988 141,269 1,368,640 573,622 267, 961 1,082,264 349, 150 -10,791 336, 729 353,233 -27,375 81,308 10,689,707 193, 451 7,768,737 494, 723 253,923 150, 937 89,863 104, 671 147, 518 -8,395 -10,920 -23,632 1,435,169 730, 077 103,943 601, 139 -37,310 -8,318 -1,207 -12,248 -1,933 -13,604 9.9 3.5 3.7 19.0 -15.8 72.2 8.8 6.9 513.5 26.6 76.9 -41.9 34.8 68.4 -1.3 17.2 17.6 32.0 62.6 230.5 51.5 23.2 36.5 82.6 -52.3 -19.6 -65.7 25.5 24.8 19.3 27.8 -12.0 -5.6 -20.1 -9.6 -50.6 8,941 21, 126 96.1 35.6 PBODUCnoN. Unit. Bu. Bu. Bu. Bu. Bu. Bu. Bu. Bu. Bu. Bu. Bu. Bu. Bu. Bu. Bu. Bu. Tons. Lbs.. Bales. Tons. Tons. Tons. Tons. Lbs. Lbs. Lbs. Bu... Bu... Qts.., Qts... Qts... Qts... Qts... Qts... Bu... Bu... Bu... Bu... Bu... Bu... Bu... Bu... Lbs.. Boxes. Boxes . Boxes. Lbs. . . Crates . Lbs. . . Lbs. Lbs. Lbs. Lbs. Lbs. 1909 4,612,564,465 2, 652, 189, 630 1,007,142, "" 683,379,259 173,344,212 14,849,332 29,520,457 17,597,305 12,702,710 21,838,580 11,251,160 179,733 7,129,294 19,415,816 19, 512, 766 6,671,348 97,453,735 1,055,764,806 10,649,268 5,324,634 3,932,857 1,647,262 6,240,260 78, 969, 968 7,483,295 40,718,748 389, 194, %6 59,232,070 426,565,863 265,702,035 55,343,570 60,918,196 38,243,060 16,369,002 216,083,695 147,522,318 35,470,276 8,840,733 15,480,170 4, 126, 099 4,150,263 493, 836 19, 487, 481 2,770,313 1,189,250 36,060,395 778,651 . 16, 406, 493 62,328,010 6, 793, 539 9,890,769 22,026,524 •23,617,178 1899 Increase.! Amount. 4,438,857,013 2,666,324,370 943,389,375 668,534,252 119,634,877 11,233,515 25,668,625 5,169,113 9,002,886 5,064,490 143,388 9, 440, 210 11,984,109 19,979,492 4,865,078 79,251,562 868,112,865 9,534,707 4,767,353 793,353 1,910,046 4,202,202 90,947,370 11, 750, 630 49,209,704 273,318,167 42,617,412 463,218,612 257, 427, 103 62,189,885 76, 628, 107 31,600,612 35,373,005 212,365,600 175,397,600 15, 432, 603 6, 626, 417 8,764,032 2,873,499 2,642,128 630,321 2, 571, 065, 20S 1, 300, 984, 097 6,167,891 876,876 30,790 12, 994, 834 95, 456 6, 063, 637 40,028,825 7,142,710 3,206,850 10,668,065 "19,011,200 73,707,452 -114,134,740 63,753,605 24,845,007 63,709,335 3,615,817 3,951,832 12,428,192 12,702,710 12,835,694 6, 186, 670 36,345 -2,310,916 7, 451, 707 -466,727 1,806,270 18,202,173 187,661,941 1, 114, 661 657,281 3, 139, 504 -262,784 2,038,058 -11,987,412 -4,267,335 -8,490,958 115,876,798 16,714,658 -36,662,749 -1,725,068 -6,846,315 -15,709,911 6, 642, 648 -19,014,003 3,718,095 -27,876,282 20,037,673 2,215,316 6,716,138 1,252,600 1, 508, 135 -136,486 1,270,081,108 319,590 893,437 158,460 065, 561 683, 195 351,856 22,299,185 -349,171 6,683,919 11,358,459 4, 605, 978 Per L7 -4.3 6.8 3.8 44.9 32.2 15.5 240.4 "i42."6 122.2 25.3 -24.5 62.3 -2.3 37.1 23.0 21.6 11.7 1L7 395.7 -13.8 48.5 -13.2 -36.3 -17.3 42.4 39.3 -7.9 -0.7 -20.5 21.0 -53.8 1.8 -15.9 129.8 33.4 76.6 43.6 57.1 -21.7 97.6 216.0 215.9 3,762.3 169.8 715.7 224.6 56.7 -4.9 208.4 106.6 24.2 VALtTE (DOU.AES). 1909 5,487,161,223 5,073,997,694 413, 163, 629 2,665,539,714 1,438,553,919 414,897,422 657,656,801 92,468,571 9,330,592 20,421,812 10,816,940 5,684,050 16,019,607 97,536,085 80,987,389 21,771,482 241,060 10,963,739 18,271,929 28,970,664 768,625 15,137,683 1,411,013 824,004,877 104,302,856 824,696,287 703,619,303 121,076,984 61,648,942 56,471,133 19,880,724 10,174,457 26,415,952 5,177,809 18,068,658 13,987,552 5,134,434 412, 699 7,844,745 596,674 4,081,106 418,110,154 166,423,910 35,429,176 216,257,068 222,024,216 29, 974, 481 17, 913, 926 3,909,831 5,132,277 1,755,613 1,262,834 140,867,347 83,231,492 28,781,078 7,910,600 10,299,495 7,231,160 2,884,119 529,403 22,027,961 24, 706, 753 17,566,464 2, 993, 738 2,060,610 803,810 734,090 404, 674 143, 467 4, 447, 674 711,970 971,696 2,297,336 < 466, 772 34,872,329 21,050,822 195,306,283 1890 2,998,704,412 2,768,339,669 230,364,843 1,482,603,049 828,192,388 217,098,584 369, 945, 320 41,631,762 6,747,853 12,290,540 1,367,040 6,329,562 61,626,538 42,672,102 7,633,636 134,084 7,908,966 7,270,516 19,624,901 8,228,417 826,019 484,254,703 66,987,902 370,708,746 323, 768, 171 46,950,575 32,604,689 29,967,978 3,323,240 6,103,102 20,541,636 2,636,711 9,690,792 8,800,834 3,588,414 546,338 4,081,929 584,153 789,958 238,531,761 98,380,110 19,869,840 120,281,811 133,048,721 25,029,757 83,750,961 14,090,234 8,227,838 * 1,949, 931 18,768,864 10,123,873 109,864,774 Increase.' Amount. 2,488,456,811 2,305,658,025 182,798,786 ,182,936,665 610,361,631 197,598,838 287,711,481 50,826,809 3,582,739 8,131,272 9,449,900 5,584,050 9,690,045 45,909,547 38,415,287 14,137,846 106, 976 3,054,773 11,001,414 9,345,653 768,625 6,909,268 584,994 339,750,174 47,314,954 453,987,541 379,861,132 74,126,409 29,044,253 26,503,156 16,667,484 4,071,355 5,874,316 2,541,r- 8,477,866 5, 186, 718 1,646,020 -133, 639 3,762,816 11,521 3,291,148 179,578,393 68,043,800 15,659,336 95,975,257 88,975,495 4,944,724 57,116,386 7, 937, 727 16,478,915 16, 113, 465 10,926,949 85, 441, 609 Per 83.0 83.3 79.3 79.8 73.7 9L0 77.8 122.1 62.3 66.2 691.3 153.1 90.2 185.2 79.8 38.6 151.3 47.6 84.0 70.8 70.2 83.0 122.5 117.3 157.9 89.1 88.4 498.2 66.7 28.6 96.4 88.4 58.9 43.1 -24.5 92.2 2.0 416.6 75.3 69.2 78.3 79.8 66.9 19.8 128.1 85.9 107.9 77.8 1 A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease. 2 Estimated. ' Does not include coconuts, which are reported by number. < Includes value of coconuts. FARM CROPS, BY STATES. 361 The total value of crops in 1909 was equal to $59.66 per capita of the population of the United States, while the value per capita in 1899 was $39.46.' There were 6,361,502 farms in the United States in 1910, so that the value of crops in 1909 was equal to an aver- age of $863 per farm, while the average value of crops per farm for 1899 was $523.2 The Census Bureau has made no attempt to ascer- taia the total net value of farm products for 1909, including both that of crops and that of animal prod- ucts. Merely to add the value of these two groups of products together would involve extensive duplication, siace large quantities of the crops reported are fed to the animals on the farms. It is impossible to ascer- tain accurately the amount of such duplication, and the attempt to do so which was made at the Twelfth Census was not considered satisfactory ia its results. For this reason the relative importance of crops in the aggregate as a factor in the agricultural produc- tion of the United States can not be determined with accuracy. Relative importance of different crops: 1909 and 1899. — In comparing the statistics for individual crops shown ia Table 1, it should be noted that the returns are probably more accurate for the leading crops than for the minor crops. The reported pro- duction of fruits and vegetables is in all probability less than the true production, as a large proportion of these products are consumed on the farm and farmers are apt to underestimate the amount of such home consumption. The relative importance of the various individual crops and groups of crops can best be judged from Table 2, which shows, for 1909 and 1899, the per- centage of the total improved land occupied by each important crop for which acreage was reported and the percentage which the value of each important crop formed of the total for all crops. The table gives also the average value of each crop per acre wherever data are available. In 1909, as already stated, crops with acreage re- ports occupied 65.1 per cent of the total improved land. Cereals occupied 40 per cent — nearly five- eighths of the total acreage of land ia crops with acre- age reports — hay and forage 15.1 per cent, and cotton 6.7 per cent. These three leading groups together thus occupied 61.8 per cent of the improved land. The distribution of the total value is somewhat differ- ent. Cereals in 1909 contributed 48.6 per cent of the total value of crops, hay and forage 15 per cent, cotton (including cotton seed) 15 per cent, vegetables (iacluding potatoes and sweet potatoes and yams) 7.6 per cent, fruits and nuts 4 per cent, forest prod- 1 These per capita figures are based on the population of the United States on April 15, 1910, and June 1, 1900, respectively. 2 These averages are based en the number of farms m the United States on April 15, 1910, and June 1, 1960, respectively. ucts of farms 3.6 per cent, tobacco 1.9 per cent, and sugar crops 1.1 per cent, leaving only 3.1 per cent for the other minor crops. Among the individual crops, com, which occupied 20.6 per cent of the im- proved farm land ia 1909 and contributed 26.2 per cent of the total value of crops ia that year, is the most iaiportant. None of the other cereals has so great a value as either hay and forage or cotton (in- cluding cotton seed). As judged by value, wheat ranks fourth among the crops, oats fifth, and (dis- regardiag forest products as being a combiaation of items) potatoes sixth. There was no change in the ranking of the leadiag crops between 1899 and 1909, but there were, never- theless, considerable changes in the proportion of im- proved land occupied by some of them, and in the proportion contributed to the total value of crops. Table 2 All crops With acreage reports With no acreage reports . Cereals Corn Oats Wheat Barley Buckwheat Rye Kafir corn and milo maize . . . Emmer and spelt Eice other grains and seeds: Dry edible beans Dry peas Peanuts Flaxseed Grass seed and flower and veg- etable seeds Hay and lorage Tobacco Cotton (Including cotton seed).. Sugar crops: Sugar beets Sorghum cane Sugar cane Maple sugar and sirup Sundry minor field crops: Broom corn Hemp Hops , Vegetables Potatoes Sweet potatoes and yams., other vegetables Fruits and nuts Small fruits Orchard fruits Grapes Tropical and subtropical Iruits. Nuts Flowers and plants Nursery products Forest products of farms . PEE CENT or mPP.OVED FAEM LAND OCCUPIED. X909 1899 65.1 40.0 20.6 7.3 9.3 1.6 0.2 0.6 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.4 15.1 0.3 6.7 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 1.5 0.8 0.1 0.6 0.1 44.6 22.9 7.1 12.7 1.1 0.2 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.5 14.9 0.3 5.9 « 0.1 0.1 C) 1.4 0.7 0.1 0.5 0.1 0) PEE CENT OF lOTAl VAIDE OP CEOPS. 1909 1899 100.0 92.5 7.6 48.6 26.2 7.6 12.0 1.7 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.3 15.0 1.9 15.0 0.4 0.2 0.5 0.1 0.1 ('\ 0.1 7.6 3.0 0.6 3.9 4.0 0.5 2.6 0.4 0.5 0.1 0.6 0.4 3.6 100.0 92.3 7.7 49,4 27.6 7.2 12.3 1.4 0.2 0.4 « 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.7 0.3 16.1 1.9 12.4 0.1 0.2 0.7 0.1 0.1 « 0.1 8.0 3.3 0.7 4.0 4.4 •0.8 2.8 0.5 0.3 0.1 0.6 0.3 3.7 AVEKAGE VALUE PEE ACKE. 1909 1899 $16. 30 13.93 14.62 11.79 14.86 12.01 10.63 9.30 6.62 9.73 26.28 27.11 8.40 21.00 13.91 11.40 80.55 25.74 54.60 22.91 65.40 15.74 63.97 175. 63 46.36 65.25 78.26 110. 01 1,911.02 261.12 9.77 8.01 8.73 7.35 7.03 9.31 7.12 5.98 5.13 18.50 16.82 8.17 14.07 9.30 7.85 51.74 15.27 30.16 20.82 53.08 20.09 34.06 73.40 33.. 36.1 65.1 2,015.57 170. 17 1 Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. By reason of the fact that the wheat area dimin- ished and that of corn failed to keep pace with the increase in improved land, both of these leadiag crops, and the cereal group as a whole, occupied a smaller percentage of the improved farm land of the cotmtry in 1909 than ia 1899, while hay and forage 362 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. LAND AREA, PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION: APRIL 15, 1910. (Ceop Acbeage: 1909.) IMPROVED LAND, PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION: 1909. IMPROVED LAND, PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION: 1899. VALUE OF ALL CROPS, PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION BY CROPS: 1909. VALUE OP ALL CROPS, PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION BY DIVISIONS: 1909. FARM CROPS, BY STATES. 363 and cotton occupied a larger percentage. Hay and forage as well as the cereals, however, contributed a somewhat smaller proportion of the total value of crops in 1909 than in 1899, while cotton (including cotton seed) contributed a materially larger propor- tion. The combined acreage of cereals increased only 3.5 per cent during the decade 1899-1909, while that of hay and forage increased 17.2 per cent and that of cotton 32 per cent. Certain minor crops show higher percentages of increase in acreage than these leading crops. The average value of crops per acre, for all crops with acreage reports combined, was $9.77 in 1899, and $16.30 in 1909. Naturally great differences ap- pear among the individual crops with respect to average value per acre. These differences in no way indicate the relative profitableness of the diiferent crops, however, as some crops require the use of much more valuable land and more expensive methods of cultivation than others. Relation of prices to increase in value: 1899 to 1909. — A large part of the extraordinary increase in the total value of farm crops between 1899 and 1909 is attributable to higher prices. While the acreage of crops with acreage reports increased only 9.9 per cent, the value of such crops increased 83.3 per cent. The percentages of increase in the quantity of the various individual crops, as shown in Table 1, were in nearly all cases much less than the percentages of increase in the value. Thus, for all cereals taken together, the production increased only 1.7 per cent, while the value increased 79.8 per cent; for hay and forage the production increased 23 per cent and the value 70.2 per cent; and for cotton (including cotton seed) the production increased 11.7 per cent and the value 122.5 per cent. Table 3 shows, for the leading individual crops for which both quantity produced and value were re- ported at both censuses, the average value per unit in 1899 and 1909, with the percentage of increase. It also shows the value which would have been reported for each crop in 1909 if the average value per unit had been the same in that year as in 1899. In each case a comparison of the value of the 1909 crop computed on this basis with the actual value of the crop of 1899 shows the increase in value during the decade which was due to increased production; while a com- parison of this computed value with the actual value of the crop in 1909 shows the increase during the decade which was due to the increase in prices. For certain crops, principally fruits and nuts, the values were not reported separately in 1900, and for certain other crops quantities were not reported at either census, but the table covers nine-tenths of the crops of the coimtry as measured by value. Table 3 Unit. ATEEAGE VALUE PEK UNIT. VALUE OF CROPS. INCEEASES: 1899 TO 1909' EXCESS OF ACTUAL VALUES OP CROPS CEOP. 1909 1899 Increase: 1899 to 1909 As reported: 1909 Computed for 1909 on basis of prices of 1899. As reported: 1899 On basis of values as reported. Onbasisof prices of 1899 for crops of 1909. OF 1909 OVER VALUES COM- PUTED FOE 1909 ON BASIS OF PRICES OF 1899. Amount. Per cent. Amount. Per cent. Amount. Per cent. Amount. Per cent. $6,487,161,223 4,934,489,828 552,671,399 $2,998,704,412 2,691,978,541 306,725,871 $2,488,456,811 2,242,511,287 245,949,521 83.0 83.3 80.2 $2,962,368,477 $270,379,936 10.0 $1,972,131,351 66.6 2,665,539,714 1,438,553,919 414,697,422 657,666,801 92,458,571 9,330,692 20,421,812 10,816,940 6,584,060 16,019,607 21,771,482 241,060 10,963,739 18,271,929 28,970,664 15,137,683 824,004,877 104,302,856 703,619,303 121,076,984 19, 880, 724 10,174,457 5,134,434 412,699 7,844,745 166,423,910 35,429,176 29,974,481 140,867,347 4,447,674 1,510,529,214 792,735,621 231,773,814 383,901,966 60,322,052 7,697,958 14,190,188 4,653,783 1,482,603,049 828,192,388 217,098,584 369,946,320 41,631,762 5,747,863 12,290,640 1,367,040 1,182,936,666 610,361,631 197,698,838 287,711,481 50,826,809 3,682,739 8,131,272 9,449,900 5,584,050 9,690,045 14,137,846 106,976 3,054,773 11,001,414 9,346,663 6,909,266 339,750,174 47,314,954 379,861,132 74,126,409 16,557,484 4,071,355 1,546,020 -133,639 3,762,816 68,043,800 15,559,336 4,944,724 67,116,386 2,497,743 79.8 73.7 91.0 77.8 122.1 62.3 66.2 691.3 27,926,165 -35,456,767 14,675,230 13,956,646 18,690,290 1,850,106 1,899,648 3,286,743 1.9 -4.3 6.8 3.8 44.9 32.2 15.5 240.4 1,155,010,500 646,818,298 182,923,608 273,754,835 32,136,519 1,732,634 6,231,624 6,163,167 5,584,060 665,775 4,812,721 72,990 4,990,816 6,473,132 9,804,142 3,864,299 228,628,447 34,991,896 342,015,421 68,638,125 3,406,576 4,911,027 2,018,674 64,801 4,467,126 26,333,182 7,748,253 6,927,127 55,650,420 1,411,677 76.5 Bu... Bu... Bu... Bu... Bu... Bu... Bu... Bu... Bu... Bu... Bu... Bu... Bu... Bu... Bu... Ton.. Lb... Bale. Ton.. Ton-. Ton.. Lb... Lb... Lb... Bu... Bu... Qt... Bu... Lb... SO. 56366 0.41176 0. 96238 0.63338 0.62835 0.69179 0. 61469 0.43960 0.73355 1.93504 1.34121 1.63784 0.94108 1.48470 2.26906 8.45534 0. 09879 66.07208 22. 73902 5.06503 6. 17669 0. 06503 0.05516 0. 19266 0.42761 0.59814 0.07027 0. 65191 0.07136 $0. 31061 0.23013 0.56177 0. 34799 0.51167 0. 48069 0.26446 '6.' 70306 1.50729 0. 93511 0.83780 0. 60769 0.98226 1.69132 6. 11036 0.06565 33. 96575 9.84836 4.18885 3.19526 0. 03946 0.04649 0. 08295 0.35995 0.46733 0.05403 0.39437 0.04871 80.25304 0. 18163 0.40059 0. 18539 0. 11668 0.21110 0.35023 0.43960 0. 03049 0.42775 0. 40610 0. 70004 0.33339 0.50245 0.57774 2.34499 0.03314 32. 11633 12.89067 0.86618 2.98133 0.02657 0. 00866 0.10971 0.06766 0.13081 0.01624 0. 26754 0.02265 81.5 78.9 71.3 53.3 22.8 43.9 132.4 '"'i's 28.4 43.4 83.6 54.9 61.2 34.2 38.4 60.5 94.6 130.9 20.7 93.3 64.8 18.6 132.3 18.8 28.0 30.1 65.3 46.6 81.5 Oats 78.9 Wheat 71.3 Barley 63.3 22.8 Rye 43.9 Kafir com and milo 132.4 Emmer and spelt. . . 15,353,832 16,958,761 168,070 6,972,923 11,798,797 19,166,412 11,283,384 595,476,430 69,310,960 361,603,882 62,438,869 16,474,148 . 5,263,430 3,116,760 347,898 3,377,620 140,090,728 27,680,923 23,047,354 85,216,927 3,035,997 6,329,562 7,633,636 134,084 7,908,966 7,270,515 19,624,901 8,228,417 484,254,703 56,987,902 323,758,171 46,960,575 3,323,240 6,103,102 3,688,414 546,338 4,081,929 98,380,110 19,869,840 25,029,757 83,760,961 1,949,931 163.1 186.2 79.8 38.6 151.3 47.6 84.0 70.2 83.0 117.3 157.9 498.2 66.7 43.1 -24.5 92.2 69.2 78.3 19.8 68.2 128.1 9,024,270 9,325,125 33,986 -1,936,043 4,528,282 -468,489 3,064,967 111,221,727 12,323,058 37,845,711 5,488,284 13,160,908 -839,672 -472,664 -198,440 -704,309 41,710,618 7,811,083 -1,982,403 1,465,966 1,086,066 142.6 122.2 26.3 -24.5 62.3 -2.3 37.1 23.0 21.6 11.7 11.7 395.7 -13.8 -13.2 -36.3 -17.3 42.4 39.3 -7.9 1.8 55.7 4.3 Dry edible beans 28.4 43.4 83.6 64.9 61.2 34.2 Hay and forage ,38.4 60.5 94.6 130.9 20.7 Sorghum cane Broom com 93.3 64.8 18.6 Hops 132.3 18.8 Sweet potatoes and 28.0 30.1 Orchard fruits Nuts 65.3 46.5 » A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease. 364 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. The total reported value of crops in 1899, compared in Table 3, was $2,691,979,000, and the total reported value of the same crops in 1909, $4,934,490,000, an increase of 83.3 per cent. Had the prices of 1899 prevailed, however, the value of these crops in 1909 would have amounted to $2,962,358,000, or an increase of only 10 per cent over 1899, which indicates substantially the increase in the volume of the prod- uct. The diflFerence between $2,962,358,000 and $4,934,490,000, or $1,972,132,000, represents the amount added to the value of these crops by reason of the increase in prices over those for 1899, the average percentage of iacrease in prices being thus 66.6. For the most important individual crop, corn, the table shows that the actual value in 1909 was $1,438,554,000, or 73.7 per cent more than the value of the crop of 1899. If there had been no change in value per bushel the value of the 1909 crop would have been $792,736,000, or less than the value of the crop of 1899. The difference, $645,818,000, represents the addition to the value of the com crop of 1909 by reason of the iacrease of 81.5 per cent in the average value per bushel. Increase of crop prodaction and consumption: 1899 to 1909. — The percentage given above, 10 per cent, as representing the iacrease in the value of the crops of 1909, on the basis of the 1899 prices, over the value of the same crops in 1899, is nothing else than a con- solidated expression of the general increase in the quan- tity of crops produced. Covering, as it does, niae- tenths of the crops of the country, it may properly be compared with the increase of 21 per cent in the popu- lation of the United States between 1900 and 1910. During the decade the increase in the number of farms was 10.9 per cent, the iacrease ia rural population 11.2 per cent, and the increase in urban population 34.8 per cent. As already stated, the total acreage of crops with acreage reports increased 9.9 per cent between 1899 and 1909. It would appear, therefore, that in the aggre- gate there was practically no difference in the average quantity of crops produced per acre in the two years. The iacreasing consumption of crops in the country has been supplied only in part by an increased produc- tion, the remainder being furnished ia large measure by a curtailment of agricultural exports. Thus in the fiscal year ending June 30, 1900, the exportations of domestic breadstuffs amounted to $262,744,078' in value, while in the fiscal year 1910 the exports of such commodities had sunk to almost one-half of this value, namely, $133,191,330.1 In view of the iacrease of prices in the 10 years, it will readily be understood that the exports have decreased in quantity considerably more than appears from the decrease ia value. Acreage of leading crops: 1879 to 1909. — Because of the difficulties arising from changes in prices, as well as because of some differences in the classification of 1 See Statistical Abstract of the United States, 1910, Table 217, page 431. crops, a complete comparison of the census returns for 1909 with those obtained by the censuses prior to 1899 is not practicable. For some of the leading crops, however, a comparison with the censuses of 1879 and 1889, as well as of 1899, can be made upon the basis of acreage. The acreage of all cereals in 1879 was 119,000,000. It advanced in 1889 to 140,000,000 and in 1899 to 184,000,000. The increase in the acreage of some other important crops was more marked. In 1879 the acreage of hay and forage was 30,000,000, advancmg to 53,000,000 in 1889, to 62,000,000 in 1899, and in 1909, to 72,000,000, which was considerably more than double the acreage of 30 years before. During the same period of time the * cotton acreage has more than doubled, the acreage in 1879 being 15,000,000 and in 1909 32,000,000 Tobacco advanced comparatively little in acreage from 1879 to 1889 (639,000 to 695,000), but in 1899 tobacco was harvested from 1,101,000 acres and in 1909 from 1,295,000. Thus, among these four crops for which acreage figures are available for four cen- suses, the increase in the combined cereals has been less than that of the other crops, and in their propor- tion of the aggregate acreage represented by these crops the cereals are at the present time less important than they were 30 years ago. For these four crops the increase in the acreage from 1879 to 1909 amoimted to 80.5 per cent, while the population of the country increased 83.4 per cent between 1880 and 1910. DIVISIONS AND STATES. Distribution of all crops, by divisions: 1909 and 1899. — Table 4 shows for each of the nine geographic divisions and also for certain larger sections of the country the total acreage and value of all crops with acreage reports, and the total value of all crops, in- cluding those without acreage reports, in 1909 and 1899. Table 5 gives percentages and averages based on Table 4. The North includes the first four geo- graphic divisions, the South includes the next three, and the West the last two. In the West North Central division, where the pro- portion of improved land occupied in 1909 by crops with acreage reports was highest, these crops occupied 69.8 per cent of the total improved farm acreage in that year, while in the Pacific division, where the pro- portion was lowest, they occupied 48.3 per cent. The Pacific division has a larger amount of land devoted to fruits and cultivated nuts than any of the other geographic divisions, but it is probable that even in that division the land ia such crops in 1909 scarcely exceeded one-sixth of the land in crops for which the acreage was reported. Of the total value of all crops those without acreage reports represent somewhat less than 10 per cent. Such crops are relatively important in the New Eng- land and Pacific divisions, where fruit crops and forest FARM CROPS, BY STATES. 365 products of farms contribute a considerable proportion of the value of all crops. The contribution of such crops to the total value is relatively least in the West North Central division. Table 4 ACREAGE OF CEOPS WITH ACREAGE REPORTS. VALUE OF CROPS WITH ACREAGE REPORTS. VALUE OF ALL CROPS. DIVISION OB SECTION. 1909 1899 Increase. 1 1909 1899 Increase. 1909 1899 Increase. Acres. Per cent. Amount. Per cent. Amount. Per cent. United States.. 311,293,382 4,658,860 17,329,196 59,790,679 114,689,460 30,279,427 26,776,920 39,273,694 8,859,062 10,637,294 283,218,280 4,865,803 18,619,446 69,223,811 101,243,210 28,337,150 25,316,696 29,857,098 5,392,496 10,363,671 28,076,102 -206, 953 -1,290,250 566,768 13,446,250 1,942,277 400,324 9,416,496 3,466,667 273,623 9.9 -4.3 -6.9 1.0 13.3 6.9 1.8 31.6 64.3 2.6 $5,073,997,594 114,399,237 369,434,892 1,047,989,193 1,403,617,581 673,226,482 509,467,342 600,133,113 162,358,297 213,472,457 $2,768,339,569 79,380,064 263,721,811 622,766,603 714,017,766 319,874,805 287,926,942 321,007,404 64,187,588 106,467,696 $2,305,658,025 35,019,173 95,713,081 426,233,690 689,499,825 353,350,677 221,540,400 279,126,709 98,170,709 108,004,761 83.3 44.1 36.3 68.3 96.6 110.5 76.9 87.0 181.2 102.4 $5,487,161,223 141,113,829 416,248,625 1,117,182,160 1,445,909,494 742,106,240 651,282,286 628,343,039 163,897,753 281,078,791 $2,998,704,412 95,220,019 304,829,335 674,966,402 736,910,961 348,918,717 307,782,583 332,651,290 56,731,566 140,704,549 $2,488,458,811 45,893,810 111,419,290 442,226,758 708,998,533 393,186,529 243,499,703 295,691,749 107,166,197 140,374,242 83.0 48.2 36.5 66.6 96.2 112.7 79.1 88.9 188 9 Middle Atlantic EastNortliCeptral.... West Nortli Central. . . South Atlantic East South Central.... ■West South Central... Mountain Padflo TheNorth 196,468,085 96,328,941 19,496,356 183,952,270 83,609,844 15,756,166 12,515,815 11,819,097 3,740,190 6.8 14.2 23.7 2,925,340,903 1,782,825,937 366,830,754 1,679,876,134 928,809,161 159,655,284 1,246,465,769 854,016,786 206,176,470 74.1 91.9 129.1 3, 120, 464, 108 1,921,730,671 444,976,544 1,811,916,717 989,352,590 197,436,165 1,308,638,391 932,377,981 247,540,439 The South 94 2 The West East of the Mississippi. West ol the Mississippi. 137,833,972 173,459,410 136,361,806 146,856,474 1,472,166 26,602,936 1.1 18.1 2,704,516,146 2,369,481,448 1,573,659,125 1,194,680,444 1,130,857,021 1,174,801,004 71.9 98.3 2,967,932,146 2,519,229,077 1,731,706,066 1,266,998,356 1,236,226,090 1,252,230,721 71.4 98.8 1 A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease. Table 5 AVERAGE PER CENT OF PEE CENT OF VALUE OF TOTAL FARM IMPROVED DISTRIBU- CEOPS WITH ACREAGE IN FARM LAND TION OF ACREAGE CEOPS WITH IN CEOPS VALUE OF EEFORTS PER DIVISION OB SECTION. ACREAGE WITH ACRE- ALL CROPS. ACRE OF REPORTS. AGE REPORTS. LAND IN SUCH CEOPS. 1909 1899 1909 1899 1909 1899 1909 1899 -United States.. 35.4 33.8 65.1 68.3 100.0 100.0 16.30 9.77 New England 23.6 23.7 64.2 59.8 2.6 3.2 24.56 16.31 Middle Atlantic 40.1 41.6 69.1 60.5 7.6 10.2 20.74 14.16 East North Central... 60.7 60.9 67.2 68.3 20.4 22.5 17.53 10.52 West North Central... 49.3 60.4 69.8 74.6 26.4 24.6 12.24 7.05 South Atlantic 29.2 27.2 62.5 61.5 13.5 11.6 22.23 11.29 East South Central . . . 31.6 31.2 58.7 62.9 10.0 10.3 19.77 11.37 West South Central.. . 23.2 16.9 67.4 75.1 11.6 11.1 15.28 10.75 Mountain 14.9 20.7 11.6 21.9 55.7 48.3 64.2 65.3 3.0 5.1 1.9 4.7 17.20 20.07 10.05 Pacific 10.18 TheNorth 47.5 26.9 17.6 48.1 23.1 16.8 67.8 63.3 61.4 70.4 66.2 58.0 66.9 35.0 8.1 60.4 33.0 6.6 14.89 18.70 18.76 9.13 11.12 The West 10.13 Eastof the Mississippi. 37.6 37.1 63.2 64.3 54.1 57.7 19.62 11.54 West of the Mississippi 33.8 31.2 66.0 72.5 46.9 42.3 13.66 8.14 In the value of all crops (tacluding those without acreage reports) the West North Central division ranks first, its crops in 1909 being valued at $1,445,909,000, or 26.4 per cent of the total for the country. This division, however, has 34.3 per cent of the improved farm land in the United States. The East North Central division contributed more than one-fifth of the total value of crops in 1909, and the South Atlantic nearly one-seventh. Of the value of all crops the North reported 56.9 per cent, the South 35 per cent, and the West 8. 1 per cent. The proportion east of the Mississippi was 54.1 per cent and that west of the Mississippi 45.9 per cent. In all of the geographic divisions except the New England and South Atlantic, crops with acreage reports occupied a somewhat smaller proportion of the improved acreage in 1909 than ia 1899. In the New England and Middle Atlantic divisions the acreage in such crops decreased between 1899 and 1909; and a decrease would doubtless appear for all crops combined if reports of acreage were available for all. The increase in the acreage of crops with acreage reports for the North (mainly in the West North Central division) was 6.8 per cent; that for the South (mainly in the West South Central division), 14.2 per cent; and that for the West, 23.7 per cent. The table shows that the increase for the territory east of the Mississippi was only 1.1 per cent, while for that west of the Mississippi it was 18.1 per cent. The absolute increase in value of crops between 1899 and 1909 was greatest in the West North Central division ($708,999,000), but the percentage of increase in that division (96.2) was less than that in the Mountain division (188.9), that in the South Atlantic division (112.7), or that in the Pacific division (99.8 per cent). For the North the increase in value of crops was 72.2 per cent, for the South 94.2 per cent, and for the West 125.4 per cent. Belative importance of leading crops in the total production of each division, section, and state : 1909. — Tables 6, 7, and 8 have for their purpose the indica- tion of the relative importance of the principal indi- vidual crops in the agriculture of each geographic division, section, and state. The distribution of the crops varies greatly in the different divisions and sections. As shown in Table 6, the value of cereals constituted 75.4 per cent of the total value of crops in the West North Central divi- sion and 65.4 per cent in the East North Central, but in no other division did the proportion exceed 35 per cent, and in New England it was only 7.6 per cent. As judged by value, hay and forage is the most important group of crops in the New England, Middle Atlantic, and Mountain divisions, whUe cotton is the most important crop in each of the three southern divisions; in the South as a whole the value of the cotton crop (including cotton seed) in 1909 was 42.7 per cent of the total value of all crops. 366 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. VALUE OF ALL CROPS, PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION BY CROPS, BY DIVISIONS: 1909. EAST NORTH CENTEAL. NEW ENGLAND. WEST NOETH CENTEAL. MIDDLE ATLANTIC. SOUTH ATLANTIC. EAST SOUTH CENTRAL. WEST SOUTH CENTRAL. MOUNTAIN. PACIFIC. FARM CROPS, BY STATES. 367 PERCENTAGE OF VALUE OP ALL CROPS REPRESENTED BY INDIVIDUAL CROPS, BY DIVISIONS AND SECTIONS: 1909. Table 6 DIVISION OR SECTION. United States.. New England Middle Atlantic East North Central West Nortb Central . . , South Atlantic East South Central West South Central. . . Mountain Paoiflc The North The South , The West East of the Mississippi . West of the Mississippi, Value of all crops. 100.0 loao 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 loao 92. S 81.1 86.4 93.8 97.1 90.7 92,4 95.5 93.0 76.9 93.7 92.8 82.2 91.1 94 1 7.6 lag 13.6 6.2 2L9 9.3 7.6 45 7.0 241 6.3 7.2 17.8 a9 6.9 48.6 7.6 29.6 66.4 76.4 2&2 31.6 3L0 34 6 32.3 6a 6 29.3 33.1 4L6 56.9 10.9 38. 9 34 8 20. 1 27.4 22.8/ 2.8 0.6 31.7 23.1 1.4 26.5 25.9 12.0 0.1 7.6 10.9 25.2 3.9 2.9 2L7 15.8 18.6 16 6 3.2 17.6 6 7 18 2 7.6 2.9 &0 13.3 1L2 L8 1.2 2.0 12.0 48 11.2 1.7 7.6 6.9 2.1 (=) 6 2 0.6 3.0 0.1 0.1 L2 0.8 0.3 0.1 0.1 m 0.2 ai 0.6 0.1 ai 0.6 0.2 ■sga 0.2 0.3 L6 0.1 m ai as 0.3 0.1 0.3 as a 4 8 n a" as a2 P) ai a 2 0.3 ai 2.4 as m a 6 OTHER GRAINS .4ND SEEDS WITH ACREAGE REPORTS. 1.5 as a 9 L2 2.0 2.5 a7 as LO 24 L5 1.3 1.9 1.4 1.6 0.4 a 3 ao a 9 as 2.3 a 5 (=) 1.5 as as a 2 m m as « as as a 2 as ai ai as a 2 as ai 0.3 L9 a 4 as 8 a 9 m a 6 ai a 9 0,2 0.3 m ai a 6 a4 (') ai (.') a 6 a 4 a 4 ai as as as 16.0 4L9 SI. 4 16 5 14 6 6.1 5.4 47 4a 5 26.6 18 8 6.1 SL7 14 9 15.2 a 8 41 S. 5 P) a 16.0 as 4a 8 37.1 49.9 8 ai 42 7 17.1 12.6 DIVISION OR SECTION. TTnited states. New England Middle Atlantic East North Central. . . West North Central. . South Atlantic East South Central . . . West South Central. . Mountain Pacific The North. The South. The West.. East of the Mississippi. Westofthe Mississippi . SUGAR CROPS. 0.5 as a 6 3.1 m 1.4 a 2 a 8 0.2 ai ai a 2 a 6 as ai P) ai a 4 m a 2 a 2 0.4 8 5.8 L6 a 2 3.2 a 2 a 6 be p. 0.1 1.0 a 4 a 2 a 2 8 a2 SUNDRY MINOR CROPS. 0.3 0.6 a 2 ai (=) ai 6 4 ai 1.9 a 2 a 2 L2 a 2 a 4 0.1 ai ai a 4 ai m ai ai P) ai 0.1 a 6 ai (») L2 ai a 2 VEGETABLES. 7.6 21.6 17.4 6.9 7.5 48 9.3 81 7.6 7.5 85 3.0 12 4 9.0 3.4 2.1 L9 1.1 a 9 5.3 3.6 3.9 1.3 42 3.8 2L2 ^1 o ^ p,l>. li I 0.6 m a 4 ai ai 2 2 1.7 1.0 (.') ai ai 1.6 ai a 9 as ai 8.1 3.6 1.7 6.7 48 3.0 40 4 4 3.6 46 4 2 6.2 24 0.6 3.3 28 a8 62 as a 2 ai as as a 9 a2 a 7 LO as 0.4 a 7 1.0 as as a 2 a2 as a 4 L3 a 4 a 2 6 9 a 4 a 4 FRUITS .AND NUTS. 4.0 7.0 9.6 3.0 14 3.8 24 L4 5.4 2L4 S.S 26 16.6 42 3.9 2.6 6.2 6 9 22 LO 21 20 as 47 9.2 24 L7 7.6 29 21 Pi -Is 6h as L7 L4 as as a 6 as as a 6 L2 a 6 a 4 LO a? a 4 a 4 3.8 as a 7 a 4 ai L2 as ai ai ai « ai as ai 25 as as P) ai a 7 P) a 2 p-a 3.6 12 6 46 29 L4 5.9 5.3 as L6 S.4 28 49 27 48 21 0.1 ai a 4 ai P) ai ai ai P) 1 Includes small amounts of grains and seeds of secondary importance. 2 Crops without acreage reports. i Les. ai P) ai ('? P) a 6 a 4 a 2 ^*} P) (*) a 4 P) a 2 ai 0.6 L4 1.2 a 6 a 2 1.2 as 0.5 a 6 a 6 as as as a 9 as 0.1 a 2 a 2 ai P) ai ai ai ai ai ai P) 368 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. Vegetables, including potatoes and sweet potatoes and yams, are of considerable importance in every geo- graphic division, but particularly in the New England and Middle Atlantic divisions. Fruits and nuts con- tributed 21.4 per cent of the total value of crops ia the Pacific division in 1909, and in the New England and Middle Atlantic divisions these crops were also rela- tively important, as were likewise flowers and plants, nursery products, and forest products. Tobacco contributes a considerable proportion of the value of crops in the New England, South Atlantic, and East South Central divisions; and the sugar crops of considerable importance ia the West South are Central division. Most of the other crops are of little relative significance in any division of the country. The relative importance of the leading crops in each division and section from the standpoint of acreage is indicated by Table 7. The distribution of acreage among the several crops in general conforms more or less closely to the dis- tribution of the total value, so that Httle additional comment is necessary. In most of the geographic divisions the cereals, hay and forage, and cotton together occupy nine-tenths or more of the total acreage of crops with acreage reports. No other crop or group of crops approaches these in importance as judged by acreage, ia any divi- sion. Table 8 shows for individual states, by percent- ages, the relative importance of the principal crops from the standpoint of value and acreage. Table 8 PER cent of total VALUE OF crops (1909) eepeesentee BY— PER CENT OF IMPROVED FARM LAND (1909) IN— p. o •a > 2 _ rq o 5 Cereals. 03 H ba fl ?? If r 6 i 1 < fl 1 ■a 1 o o 1 < t-t -si 1 i Cereals. ,§ § w 1 8 6.7 Eh 1 r a . 5°" •3 1 i 2 O i 1 6^ s a S ^ United States 100.0 98.5 48.6 26.2 7.6 12.0 16.0 IS.O 1.9 7.6 4.0 3.6 4.2 100.0 65.1 40.0 20.6 7.3 9.3 15.1 0.3 1.6 1.5 New England: 100.0 100.0 80.0 71.8 7.9 .5.5 1.1 3.9 5.8 1.4 0.2 38.4 49.1 (') 0.1 31.5 14.2 6.2 .5.3 14.2 22.6 1.8 ,3.2 100.0 100.0 67.3 63.8 6.8 3.6 0.6 2.1 6.1 1.2 0.1 (1) 53.2 57.0 ^\ 6.8 2.8 0.5 Nnw Hampshirfi. 0.4 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 79.7 84.7 86.6 85.2 9.7 6.1 9.6 9.1 4.0 4.3 8.5 7.5 4.3 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.1 ^] 0.1 69.6 36.3 33.3 32.1 0.1 3.8 W 19. ft 9.6 26.6 26.6 17.1 3.3 11.8 6.4 7.6 13.3 8.4 7.9 8.3 4.7 10.0 16.3 6,2 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 73.7 66.2 47.2 64.1 8.2 4.7 6.8 7.6 2.6 3.6 6.4 ,5.3 4.4 0.7 1.0 1.0 (1) (1) h 0.1 63.1 44.6 34.4 40.6 0.5 i.6 2.2 6.3 6.6 4.1 0.2 1.1 Khode Island. . 6 Coimecticut 0,3 Middle Atlantic: New York 100.0 83.4 20.6 .5.5 8. ft 3.4 :<7.(] 0.2 17.4 11. a ,5.0 8.(1 100. c 56.5 17.6 3.5 8.8 1.9 34.(1 0.3 3.8 1,1 100.0 100.0 91.7 88.7 42.2 16.5 16.4 1.8 8. ft 3.9 13.7 18 9 27.4 2.4 34.9 13.3 10.1 6.6 1.9 4.8 9.9 3.6 100.0 100.0 61.8 61.8 27.9 ,34.1 14.7 10.9 4.0 9.0 4.6 9.7 22.3 24.4 10.1 2.8 1,6 Pprmsyl vania. ... 0.1 East Nobth Centeal: Ohio 100.0 93.5 59.9 35.7 10.1 13.6 18.4 3.fl 9.1 3.4 2.5 2.fl 100.0 59.5 39.8 20.4 9.3 9.5 17.2 0.6 1.8 1)2 TiiiiiftTlft , . 100.0 94.7 74.4 48.2 9.3 16.6 12.2 1.1 ,5.6 2.3 2.7 l.fi 100.0 66.9 ,51.7 28.9 9.9 12.3 13.6 0.1 i.:i 0.2 100.0 100.0 100.0 97.4 87.6 90.9 79.9 43.5 49.3 53.3 18.3 17.3 16.0 11.4 19.3 10.2 10.2 1.7 10.9 22.2 27.5 2.fl 4.4 10.0 8.4 1.5 7.8 2.0 0.9 4.9 6.4 2.4 11.6 ,3.7 100.0 100.0 100.0 72.3 63.9 71.8 59.0 34.4 41.fi 35.8 12.4 12.2 14.9 11.1 18.2 7.8 6.3 1.2 11.9 21.2 2,5.9 I 1.0 3.6 .3.0 0.4 Mip.hi^H" . 4 8 Wisconsin 1.0 West Noeth Centeal: Mfnnosota 100.0 96.1 72,8 15,8 17 ft 29.0 Kf.fi (M 5.7 07 2.7 4 3 100. 76. C .51 ft in, 2 16 2 16,7 20,1 c> 1,4 1.9 Iowa 100.0 100.0 96.8 92.6 73.2 67.1 63.3 48.6 15.6 4. ft 2.4 13.6 18.9 15.3 "i's 0.3 3.8 6.0 1.8 4.0 1.2 3.8 1.2 1.6 100.0 100.0 69.1 68.3 61.0 41.7 31.3 28.9 16.8 4.4 1.8 8.2 17.1 14.8 "^4 i) 0,9 1,0 1 Missouri 0.6 North Dakota 100. 99.8 82.6 1.3 13.3 60.4 6.fi (M 1.7 (M 0.1 8.7 100. 77.7 ,58.1 0.9 10.5 40.0 14.0 (1) 0.3 5,2 South Dakota 100. c 99.1 78. S 21. C 12.fi 34.2 12.1 (») •2.4 0.2 0.2 6.2 100. 77.2 .51.8 12.9 9.fi 20.3 21.7 n.4 3,3 Nebraska 100. c 98.3 78.3 45 (; 9 fl 2'^, 5 16,2 \^ 3,(1 1 1 4 ns 100.0 70.7 ,51 4 29.8 9 7 10.9 18 5 n 6 0.1 Kansas 100.0 98.4 78.7 37.6 4.5 .34.5 14.9 (') 3.2 0.7 0.6 1.8 100.0 66.6 .52.3 27.1 ,3.1 20.0 13.2 (l> fl) n.4 0.6 South Atlantic: 100. c 93.1 51.4 31 !■ 1) 6 18.6 12 fl 20 1 9 fi 3 8 2(' 100.0 61.5 43.3 26.5 n 6 16.6 11 a 5 3 1.5 Maryland 100. 90.4 49.9 2,'i.l 1.3 22.5 13.7 n 3.3 18.2 6.4 .5.3 3.2 100.0 67.6 39.6 19.3 1.5 17.6 11.9 m 0.8 4.6 0.7 District of Columbia 100. c 99.2 l.X l.f (') 4.7 xn.f 1.1 (') ,5,5.6 100.0 58.1 8.8 8.3 0.3 18.7 2,5. ft 49 Virginia 100. c 86. C 39.8 28.7 l.t 8.7 10.2 0.8 12.1 17.2 4.4 10.1 5.4 100. 43.1 28.8 18.fi 2,1 7.n 7.fi 0.3 1.9 2.6 1.8 West Virginia 100.0 82. C 39.6 29.5 2.3 6.7 18.6 (') 4.8 17.3 8.3 9.S 1.6 100. c 33. £ 18.8 12,2 1.9 .3.8 12.8 (1) 0.3 1.6 0.4 Nori;h Carolina 100. c 89.5 26.5 21. S 1.2 3.1 3.3 35. 3 9.7 X.fi 3.1 K.O 5.2 100. c 66.1 36.9 27. fl 2. ft 5.7 4.3 14.5 2.5 2.4 4.6 South Carolina 100. c 96. C 17.9 14.6 2.7 0.3 2.2 67.9 1.5 4.fl O.S 3.2 1.6 100. c 84.6 ,32.1 25,7 5.3 n.7 3.4 41. S n.5 1,8 4,8 Georgia 100. c 94. e IK. 7 18,4 1.S 0.4 l.fi 66.2 0.1 4.7 1.4 3.9 3.1 100. c 78.6 31.8 27.5 3.3 0.8 2.1 ■39.7 CM 1,6 3.5 Florida 100. c 72.9 17.1 15.fi 1,2 f) 2.3 16.2 2.« 23.2 21.3 6. ft 11.4 100. c 67,7 ,36.0 ,33.6 2.4 m 3,0 14.6 a? 4.9 9,0 East South Central: Kentucky 100. c 90.6 43.7 ,36.3 n.f 6.3 7.4 0.2 28.7 8.5 3.6 ,5.6 2.2 100. c 42.1 ,30.1 23.9 1.2 4.7 6.7 0.1 3.3 1.3 n,7 Tennessee 100, c 89. S 45. S <».(. 2.r 5.7 10.6 17.1 4.7 8.e 3.7 7.1 2.5 100. c 68.4 38.0 28.9 3.1 ,5.7 9.7 7.2 0,8 1.6 1.2 Alabama 100. c 94.2 21.4 19.S 1.5 0.1 2.3 60. ,1 [;i 6.8 1.5 4.4 3.2 100. c 74.3 29.3 26.6 2.7 n.i 2,6 38.5 0) 1.6 2.6 Mississippi 100. fl 94.4 18.2 17.7 O.f (■) 2.3 fi.5.4 6.4 1.1 4.5 2.0 100. c 68.4 2,5.2 24.1 1.1 fi> 2.6 37.7 (^) 1.4 1.5 West South Central: Arkansas 100.0 91.6 26.2 23.4 1.4 0.4 4.1 52.9 (1) 6.4 .3.1 5.fi 1.5 100. c 66.6 ,31.8 28.2 2.4 n.7 5.4 26,7 a) 1.4 1.4 Louisiana 100. 94.4 32.0 21.3 0.3 (') 3.1 26.2 0.1 8.1 1.6 4.6 24.2 100. c 68.0 .36.7 ,30.2 n.f (') 3.4 18.1 2.2 7,5 Oklahoma 100. 97. S m.H 36. C 5.4 10.4 7.2 30. S u 3.2 l.C 1.2 2.8 100. c 67.9 47.0 3,3.7 3.5 6.7 7.7 11.3 0) n.5 1.5 Texas 100. 96.4 22.5 17.(: 1.2 1.(1 4.3 63.3 4.1 0.8 3.f 2,1 100. c 67.2 24.5 18.fi l.f 1.2 4.8 .36,3 v) n.7 n.8 Mountain: Montana 100.0 96.8 41 2 n ft 20,7 17,9 41 5 ?;^ 7 5 ■/. 3 1,8 5 6 100. c 60.8 17 5 3 q ? 7.1 31 9 r»> n 8 1.3 Idaho 100.0 93.2 46.6 n ft 14 7 24.5 35 ? 7 5 3 ? 3 7 3 7 100.0 59.0 30.5 0.3 in q 14.4 26 4 1.4 0.7 V^ynvnin^ . . 100.0 100.0 97.7 89.8 27.4 29.0 1.0 5 7 18.2 8 ? 6.4 12 7 60.6 33 q 0) 8.5 11 9 0.5 10 1.0 0.6 1.9 14 6 100.0 100.0 62.6 60.8 14.9 24 ft 0.7 7.6 9.9 6 4 3.3 7.9 46.6 29 9 0.9 2.7 2 Colorado.". 3.6 100.0 100.0 90.5 90.2 26.7 28.6 11.0 5.3 6.1 2.4 5.7 7.5 60.1 46.4 0.2 f) v) 0) 9.2 9.2 6.1 6.3 2.8l 4.9 100.0 100.0 43.1 64.6 14.9 21.5 5.9 4,5 2.3 1 7 2.2 5 7 26.1 29 3 0.1 « 1.0 1 6 2.1 Arizona 0.8 8.6 22 Utah 100.0 100.0 94.6 97.6 33.0 15.6 0.7 0.4 9.0 3.2 20.4 6.7 40.2 70.7 (') 8.6 11.2 4.8 1.7 0.7 13.4 0.1 100.0 100.0 55.2 62.2 21.8 4.6 0.5 0.1 6.9 1.0 13.0 1.9 29.6 46.6 1.6 0.9 2 2 Nevada. . . . Pacific: Washington 100. c 89.7 56 7 11,5 7,4 44 5 21,7 (') 7 »1 ft 7 4.8 2,5 100. c 63.8 40.7 0.4 4 ? 33.2 11 ft 1.3 6.2 100.0 100.0 86.2 65.6 36.4 18.3 0.6 0.7 10.3 1.7 22.1 4.1 31.0 27.6 "(})' t^ 9.3 7.9 8.3 33.1 5.9 1.9 9.0 11.2 100.0 100.0 63.4 43.2 29.1 17.3 0.4 0.6 7.9 1.7 17.9 4.2 22.0 22.2 ""(■')' "m 1.6 1.3 7 • Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. Relative importance of the divisions and sections in the production of leading crops : 1909. — Table 9 shows, for 1909, by percentages, the distribution of the total acreage of each of the important crops for which acreage was reported among the divisions and sections of the country. For comparison, the distribution of FARM CROPS, BY STATES. 369 the improved farm land and of the total acreage of crops with acreage reports is also shown. In this table the combined cereals are treated as a unit; the corresponding distribution of the individual cereals among the divisions and sections is shown in Table 19. Several of the most important crops, including the cereals as a group, hay and forage, potatoes, miscel- laneous vegetables, small fruits, flowers and plants, and nursery products, are very widely distributed over the country. The distribution of the cereal acreage corresponds more closely to the distribution of the total acreage of improved farm land than does that of any other class of crops, but the East and West North Central divi- sions report somewhat larger percentages of the cereal acreage than of the improved farm land. Few of the remaining crops are very widely distributed. Several crops — cotton, sugar cane, sweet potatoes and yams, and peanuts — are largely concentrated in the southern divisions. Table 9 PEK CENT OF TOTAL ACREAGE : 1909 ' T3 PI .2 1 Other grains and seeds with acreage reports. Sugar crops with acreage reports. Sundry minor crops with acre- age reports. Vegetables. H DIVISION OE SECTION. CuO 1 1 o CO g •a CD a 1 3 ■a a p Pi 100.0 3 100.0 1 1 o E-i 1 o O 1 100.0 .Q s a 1 o CO a 1 a W 3 100. S 100 si o a si CO 100,0 1, >S 1 O s CO 100.0 J !? United States 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 lon.o 100.0 100 mo 100.0 100.0 100 100,0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 1.6 1.6 0.2 2.1 0.1 0.1 n.4 n 1 \'^ 0.2 '3?7 Middle Atlantic 6.1 5.6 3.9 14.6 0.3 ('1 11. R 3.5 26.9 LI. 7 19.9 12.9 20.3 36.3 17.0 East North Central 18.6 19. :i 22.1 62.6 17.4 rn 0.5 20.4 13., S 10.6 27.5 7.8 12 n 4 5 0.1 23.2 30.1 2.1 18.8 20.9 21.1 17.1 West North Central 34.3 36. 8 43. V 1.1 2.1 (1) 97.4 37.9 0.4 n.3 6.7 3.7 1fi.4 14.4 0.2 fl) 16.6 21.4 2.4 13.4 13.1 6.5 20. B South A tlantic 10.1 9.7 8.0 3.2 51.2 72.9 \^ 4.0 37.fi 28.1 9.4 (') 14.1 i2.n 0,1 f'l « 16.0 fi.5 4«.1 21.6 16.7 8.1 12.4 East South Central 9.2 8.3 7.1 2.3 16.6 16.4 3.4 4;l.3 24.7 15,8 0.1 34,0 in q n fi sq fi 8,9 3.3 2f,.^ 12.5 7.0 3.5 10. 1 West South Central Vf. ■?. 12.6 1(1 V 0.4 10.6 11.6 0.1 4.6 0.1 46.9 7.1 3.4 7.1 Mountain 3.3 2.8 1.8 3.8 2.2 2.0 6.9 ('1 13.4 46. 6 1,6 m ,3 1 1 n 3.6 4.6 0.1 2.7 2.6 1.3 2.1 Paciac 4.6 3.4 3.0 19.8 0.6 I') 5.8 « 6.4 22.6 0.2 0.4 3.9 72.9 4.3 4.6 0.8 4.6 7.6 8.1 10.3 TheNorth 60.6 63.1 70.0 70.4 19.9 0.1 97.9 75.4 18.9 0.3 17.3 31.fi 24,3 2fi 4 4 q 27.0 60.1 77.7 R.2 48.7 .W.S 76. 6 58.0 The South 31.5 30.6 26.3 6.0 77.4 99.9 0.1 11.9 81.1 99.7 62. S n.4 74.1 100. n 70.1 90.2 n.1 32.2 13.0 90.9 44.0 .30.8 15.1 29.6 The West V.9 6.3 4.8 23.6 2.7 C) 2.0 12.7 W W 19.9 68,0 1.7 (') 3.5 4.9 72.9 7.7 9.3 0.9 7.3 9.9 9.4 12.5 East of the Mississippi 45.6 44.3 41.3 74.8 84.5 88. 3 0.5 44.9 99.4 m.f, ,36.8 28.1 .W.O 22.9 12,6 94.3 27.1 68.4 66.2 77.0 69.4 69.9 80.7 ,19.8 West of the Mississippi 64.4 55.7 68.7 25.2 15.5 11.7 99.6 66.1 0.6 47.2 64.2 71.9 44.0 77.1 87.4 5.7 72.9 31.6 33.8 23.0 30.6 30.1 19.3 40. 2 1 Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. The distribution among the geographic divisions and sections of the value of those crops of any impor- tance for which there were no reports of acreage is shown in Table 10. For comparison, the distribution of the value of all crops and of the value of crops with acreage reports is shown. Table 10 PER CENT OF TOTAL VALUE: 1909 p, o 5 1 Crops with no acreage reports. DIVISION OR SECTION. S 1 100.0 0.3 2.3 40.4 36.5 1.3 3.9 1.6 6.4 7.4 0) c/J ^1 O 100.0 5.2 20.3 17.3 10.6 11.2 7.9 3.8 6.4 18.4 1 ■2 a o'i ti 100.0 (1) m (') 29.3 0.8 1.8 0.3 67.8 42 3 Z 100.0 0.5 3.9 1.7 2.2 4.7 3.6 16.3 0.2 66.9 o £ TTnlted States New England Middle Atlantic East North Central West North Central South Atlantic East South Central West South Central 100.0 2.6 7.6 20.4 26.4 13.6 10.0 11.6 3.0 6.1 100.0 2.3 7.1 20.7 27.7 13.3 10.0 11.8 3.0 4.2 100.0 6.5 13.8 16.7 10.3 16.7 10.1 6.8 2.8 16.4 100.0 27.2 33.1 36.8 0.9 1.8 0.2 (') (' (') 100.0 0.5 22.5 14.2 6.3 4.1 1.6 1.4 0.6 49.9 100.0 9.0 9.8 16.5 10.2 22.5 15.0 10.8 1.3 Paciflo 4.9 TheNorth The South 56.9 35.0 8.1 57.7 36.1 7.2 47.2 33.6 19.2 79.4 6.8 13.8 98.0 2.0 53.3 22.8 23.9 42.4 7.1 50.6 31.9 68.1 8.3 24.6 67.1 45.5 48.3 The West 6.2 East of the Mississippi West of the Mississippi . . . 54.1 45.9 63.3 46.7 63.8 36. 2 48.2 61.8 99.0 1.0 61.9 38.1 42.9 67.1 30.1 69.9 14.4 85.6 72.8 27.2 1 Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. The geographic distribution of the value of crops with no acreage reports is very different from that of crops with acreage reports. Whereas the Pacific divi- 72497°— 13 24 sion reported only 4.2 per cent of the value of crops with acreage reports and 4.6 per cent of the improved farm land, that division reported 16.4 per cent of the value of crops with no acreage reports. This is largely due to the concentration of the production of fruits and nuts on the Pacific coast. The West North Central division reported 27.7 per cent of the value for the crops with acreage reports, but only 10.3 per cent for the crops with no acreage reports. Acreage and value of all crops, by states : 1909 and 1899.— Table 11 presents by states, for 1909 and 1899, the acreage and value of all crops with acreage re- ports and the value of all crops, including those with- out acreage reports. The map on page 371 shows the distribution of the value of all farm crops among the states. It wiU be seen that, as judged by the total value of all crops, Illinois was in 1909 the leading agricul- tural state, followed by Iowa, Texas, Ohio, Georgia, Missouri, Kansas, New York, and Indiana, each reportmg more than $200,000,000. The first four states named occupied the same rank in 1899, but Georgia ranked only fifteenth .among the states in that year. With respect to the progress made by these leading states from 1899 to 1909, it may be noted that only in Georgia and Kansas did the rate of increase for the total value of all crops exceed that for the United 370 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. States as a whole. Moreover, these two states, together with Texas, are the only ones m the group which report any considerable extension of the acreage of crops with acreage reports. In Indiana the acreage of such crops was 1.8 per cent higher than in 1899, but Illinois, Iowa, Missouri, Ohio, and New York all report a decrease in acreage. During the period 1899 to 1909 the most conspicu- ous relative advances in the value of all crops took place in the states of Idaho, Washington, North Dakota, Wyoming, Oklahoma, and Colorado, in each of which the crops of 1909 were more than three times as valuable as those of 1899. Except in North Dakota and Oklahoma, these high rates of increase represent comparatively small absolute increases. The greatest absolute increase in the value of all crops occurred in Illinois, where it amounted to $157,000,000. Other states in which the absolute mcrease exceeded $100,000,000 were Georgia, Texas, North Dakota, Iowa, Nebraska, and Kansas. During the decade there was an increase of over 1,000,000 acres in land devoted to crops in each of the following states : North Dakota, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, Nebraska, Kansas, Washington, Geor- gia, and Colorado. New Mexico reported the highest percentage of gain, 222.8, followed by North Dakota, Oklahoma, Wyoming, Washington, and Idaho. In Iowa and California the loss in acreage reported was over one and one-half million, and in New York and Pennsylvania it exceeded half a million. Besides these four states fourteen others had less land in crops in 1909 than in 1899, the relative decrease being greatest in Cahfomia, followed by New Hampshire, Connecti- cut, and Massachusetts. ALL FARM CROPS— ACREAGE AND VALUE, BY STATES: 1909 AND 1899. Table 11 New England: Maine New Hampshire. . Vermont Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut Middle Atlantic: New York New Jereey Pennsylvania E. NoETH Centbal: Ohio Indiana Illinois ■... Midiigan Wisconsin W. NOETH Centeal: Minnesota Iowa Missouri North Dakota South Dakota Nebraska Kansas South Atlantic: Delaware Maryland Dist. of Columbia Virginia West Virginia North Carolina. . . South Carolina Georgia Florida E. South Central: Kentucky Tennessee Alabama Mississippi W. South Centkal: Arkansas Louisiana Oklahoma Texas Mountain: Montana Idaho Wyoming Colorado New Mexico Arizona Utah Nevada Pacific: WasWn^on. Oregon California ACREAGE OF CROPS WITH ACREAGE REPORTS. 1909 1,688,065 593,093 1,203,795 654,844 84,207 534,846 8,387,731 1,114,903 7,826,562 11,431,610 11,331,395 20,273,916 8,198,678 8,665,080 14,731,464 20,374,925 14,335,688 15,888,756 12,226,772 17,231,205 19,900,750 438,622 1,931,972 2,982 4,256,226 1,874,382 6,737,037 5,152,846 9,662,383 1,223,078 6,046,819 6,365,143 7,205,239 6,158,719 5,376,484 3,686,348 11,921,670 18,389,092 1,848,113 1,638,479 786,660 2,614,312 632, 769 190, 982 755,370 392,387 3,431,273 2,281,288 4,924,733 1899 1,643,277 688, 107 1,203,613 735, 134 92,415 603,357 9,041,199 1,212,772 8,365,476 11,614,166 11,134,726 20,619,034 7,741,175 8,214,711 16,119,570 21,985,377 14,351,177 7,821,705 8,843,905 15,044,428 18,077,048 437, 168 1,940,093 3,396 4,346,537 1,992,403 6,609,144 4, 722, 151 8,267,290 1,019,968 6,349,926 6,680,504 6, 714, 786 5,570,38* 6,017,894 3,408,944 "6,317,711 16,112,549 1,146,093 918, 124 435,621 1,549,603 196,023 150, 781 669,824 326,526 1,901,381 2,037,856 6,434,434 Increase.! Amount. 44,788 -95,014 282 -80,290 -8,208 -68,511 -653,468 -97,869 -638,913 -182,565 195,669 -245, 118 467,403 340,369 -388, 106 -1,610,452 -16,589 8,067,051 3,382,867 2, 186, 777 1,823,702 1,364 -8,121 -414 -89,311 -118,021 127,893 430, 694 1,396,093 203, HO -303,107 -316,361 490,453 688,339 368,690 177,404 6,603,959 3,276,643 702,020 720,365 361,029 1,064,809 436,748 40,201 86,646 66,861 1,629,892 253,432 -1,509,701 Per cent. 2.9 -13.8 -10.9 -8.9 -11.4 -7.2 -8.1 -6.4 -1.6 i.a -1.2 5.9 4.1 -2.6 -7.3 -0.1 103.1 38.3 14.6 10.1 0.3 -0.4 -12.2 -2,1 -6.9 2.3 9.1 16.9 19.9 -4.8 -4,7 7.3 10,6 7,1 5,2 88,7 21,7 61.3 78,6 80.6 68,7 222.8 26,7 12.8 20.2 80.5 12,5 -23,5 VALUE OP CROPS WITH ACREAGE REPORTS. 1909 $31,440,942 11,441,698 21,877,448 27,062,235 3,410,442 19,166,472 174,476,689 37,003,916 147,956,288 215,260,975 193,395,3&2 362,464,961 141,976,000 134,901,876 186, 833, 198 304,491,033 204,286,266 180,279,872 124,400,789 192,741,710 211,485,723 8,489,639 39,690,648 541,996 88,434,239 33,120,063 127,822,088 136,313,422 214,463,237 26,360,280 126,880,988 108,617,637 136,942,678 139,126,139 109,332,380 73,002,698 130,602,156 287,295,880 28,459,747 32,007,527 9,791,830 46,795,093 8,076,854 4, 958, 938 17,488,271 6,780,037 70,770,261 42,293,167 100,409,039 $18,432,041 9,153,332 14,993,648 19,893,681 2,679,676 14,227,786 127,872,299 24,615,856 111,233,656' 141,943,986 111,738,411 207,355,825 80,466,649 81,263,632 112,420,730 189,013,039 113,239,900 53,911,419 44,002,846 91,139,037 110,290,786 5,713,085 27,665,785 867,834 62,100,808 20,806,107 62,226,162 68,813,543 82,450,815 11,643,066 72,506,638 63,943,934 70, 119, 129 81,358,341 55,431,909 60,969,969 8 42,773,258 181,842,268 10,449,769 8,666,667 3,095,472 18,389,714 2, 798, 108 2,249,407 7,794,385 2,845,096 21,487,785 19,396,848 64,583,063 Increase.! $13,008,901 2,288,368 6,883,900 7,168,564 730,788 4,938,686 46,603,390 12,388,069 36,721,632 73,306,989 81,658,981 155, 109, 126 61,520,351 63,638,243 73,411,468 115,477,994 91,046,366 126,368,463 80,397,943 101,802,873 101,194,938 2,776,454 12,034,863 -125,838 34,333,631 12,314,946 66,596,908 79,699,879 132,012,622 14,707,214 53,376,450 44,673,803 66,823,549 57,767,798 63,900,471 12,042,729 87,728,897 125,453,812 18,009,978 23,441,870 6,696,358 29,405,379 6,278,746 2,709,631 9,693,906 2,934,941 49,282,476 22,896,309 36,826,976 Per cent. 70,6 25,0 45,9 36,0 27,3 34,7 36.4 50.3 33.0 51,6 73,1 74,8 76.6 66,0 65.3 61.1 80,4 234.4 182,7 111.5 91.7 48,6 43.6 -18,8 6.5,9 69,2 105, 4 140,8 160,1 128,3 73,6 89,7 93,9 71,0 97,2 19,8 205,1 77.5 172.4 273,7 216.3 179.4 188.7 120.5 124.4 103,2 229,4 118,0 65.6 VALUE OF ALL CROPS. 1909 $39,317,847 15,976,175 27,448,836 31,948,095 3,937,077 22,487,999 209,168,236 40,340,491 168,739,898 230,337,981 204,209,812 372,270,470 182,004,881 148,369,216 193,451,474 314,666,298 220,683,724 180,636,520 126,607,249 196,125,832 214,859,697 9,121,809 43, 920, 149 546,479 100, ,531, 167 40,374,776 142,890,192 141,983,354 226,595,436 36,141,894 138,973,107 120,706,211 144,287,347 147,315,621 119, 419, 025 77,336,143 133,464,406 298,133,466 29,714,563 34,367,861 10,022,961 50,974,958 8,922,397 6,496,872 18,484,616 6,923,536 78,927,063 49,040,725 163,111,013 1899 $21,954,054 12,272,232 18,170,279 23,167,644 3,040,321 16,626,589 149,918,363 27,916,841 126,994,141 156,852,358 123,602,274 214,832,708 92,626,715 88,142,349 115,694,937 195,552,547 121,455,026 64,040,817 44,175,616 92,469,326 113,522,693 6,276,380 30,216,969 689,209 68,701,742 26,696,189 68,624,912 58,890,413 86,345,343 13,498,580 78,982,846 70,745,242 73, 190, 720 84,883,776 59,272,212 62,664,643 ' 43, 769, 824 166,964,711 10,692,616 9,267,261 3, 133, 723 16,970,588 3,064,567 2,472,348 8,242,985 2,887,569 23,632,150 21,806,687 96,365,712 Increase.! Amount, $17,383,593 3,703,943 9,276,667 8,790,651 896, 756 6,862,410 59,249,883 12,423,650 39,745,757 73,485,623 81,707,538 157,437,764 69,378,966 60,216,867 77,756,537 119,113,751 99,208,698 126,694,703 81,331,634 103,666,306 101,336,904 2,846,449 13,703,180 -122,730 41,829,415 14,678,587 74,266,280 83,092,941 140,260,093 22,843,314 60,010,262 49,960,969 71,096,627 62,431,845 60,146,813 14,681,600 89,694,681 131,168,7*6 19,022,048 25,090,590 6,889,238 34,004,370 6,867,830 3,024,624 . 10,241,630 3,035,967 65,394,903 27,234,038 67,746,301 Per cent. 79.1 30.2 51.1 38.0 29.5 35.3 39.5 44.5 31.3 66.7 73.3 74.9 68.3 67.2 60.9 81.7 234.3 184.1 112,1 45,4 45.4 -18,3 71,3 67.1 108.2 141.1 182.4 167.8 76.0 70.6 97.1 73.6 101.5 23,4 205.0 78.6 177.9 270,7 219,8 200,4 191,2 122,3 124,2 105.1 235.4 124,9 60.6 1 A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease. a Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. ' Includes Indian Territory. FARM CROPS, BY STATES. 371 alI farm crops. value, by states: 1909. Sale and purchase of crops suitable for feeding animals: 1909. — In the case of some minor crops the entire product, or the larger part of it, is usually retained upon the farm for family consumption; this is notably true of vegetables. Of certain other crops practically the entire quantity, except such as is required for seed, is sold. These crops, which are frequently referred to as money crops, are mainly intended for human consumption, direct or indirect. Cotton, tobacco, sugar cane, hemp, hops, and to a slightly less extent wheat, are examples. Besides crops of these two classes, there are several crops, the most important being corn, oats, barley, and bay and forage, which are used chiefly as feed for animals. A majority of the farmers who raise these crops retain the entire product or a considerable proportion of it for their own animals; others sell their surplus mainly for consumption by animals in cities, towns, and villages, or by animals on farms where such crops are not raised or are raised only in small quantities. At the census of 1910 the agricultural schedules con- tained inquiries designed to ascertain not only the quantity and value of the leading "feedable" crops produced, but also the quantity and value of such crops sold and the amounts expended by farmers for the purchase of feed for animals. Table 12 presents statistics of such sales and purchases by geographic divisions and sections, and Table 15 shows them in less detail by states. It is probable that these statistics are somewhat less accurate than those of crop produc- tion, and are on the whole an understatement both of sales and of purchases. Table 13 DIVISION OE SECTION. TTnlted States... New England Middle Atlantic East North Central West North Central South Atlantic East South Central West South Central — Mountain Pacific TheNorth , The South TheWest Eastof the Mississippi. West otthe Mississippi Amount expended for feed; 1909 839, 613 696: 611, 207, 255. 607, 723 204 920 208, 128, 686 59,686,099 34,125,072 164, 784, 082 135,055,775 Receipts from sale of feedable crops: 1909 $509, 4, 21, 195, 174, 14, 15, 28, 20, 33 253,628 346,647 584, 058 663,014 405, 989 677, 355 684,379 940,377 830,896 120,807 395,999,708 59, 302, 111 53,951,703 251,955,453 257,298,069 EXCESS OF RE- CEIPTS FROM SALE OVER AMOUNT EXPENDED.! Amount, $209,413,665 *30,267,317 *33,111,986 155,061,893 98,198,432 *4, 577, 925 76, 706 4,217,231 7,626,387 12,200,244 189,871,022 *283, 988 19,826,631 87,171,371 122,242,294 Per cent. 41.1 *696.3 *163.4 79.2 66.3 *31.2 0.5 14.6 36.6 36, 47.9 *0.5 36.7 34.6 47.5 RECEIPTS FROM SALE OF SPECIFIED FEEDABLE CROPS: 1909 Corn. Quantity (bushels). 460,672,674 145,814 4,419,668 197,015,428 190,410,330 12,816,516 17,406,876 36,880,404 998, 458 480,080 391,991,240 67, 102, 796 1,478,538 231,803,302 228,769,272 Amount received. $266,191,944 100,952 3,007,230 107,806,684 100,638,243 9,781,438 11,989,973 20, 840, 778 661,265 375,391 211,553,109 42,612,189 1,026,646 132,686,277 122,605,667 Oats. Quantity (bushels). 261,325 384, 4,551, 128,053, 94,511, 1,588, 1,503, 7,389, 12, 164, 11,178, 227,501,689 10,480,617 23,343,066 136,081,080 125,244,292 Amount received. $107, 2, 61, 36, 1, 3, 6 5: 242,769 217, 879 387,688 279,242 678,888 034, 972 786, 448 434,317 927,921 495,414 90, 563, 697 5,255,737 11,423,335 55,706,229 51,636,540 Barley. Quantity (bushels). 75,297,901 9,656 326,228 10,858,789 43,056,403 26,426 22,085 69, 829 3,741,566 17,186,919 64,251,076 118,340 20,928,485 11,243,184 64,054,717 Amount received. $41,314,430 8,272 214,002 6,457,495 21,221,923 18, 993 14, 771 42,158 2, 106, 963 11,229,863 27,901,692 75, 922 13,336,816 6,713,533 34, 600, 897 Hay and forage. Quantity (tons). 10,679, 272, 1,116, 2,981, 2,393, 281, 238, 527, 1,417, 1,451, 6,763,672 1,047,160 2,868,677 4,889,735 6,789,664 Amount received. $106 30, 15, 3, 2, 4, 12, 16, 604, 37» 019,544 975,138 119, 59S 866,935 841,952 893,187 623,124 144, 767 020,139 66,981,210 11,858,263 28, 164, 906 66,849,414 48,654,965 1 An asterisk (*) indicates an excess of expenditures over receipts from sales. 372 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. The total amount reported by farmers as received diiring 1909 from the sale of corn, oats, barley, and hay and forage was $509,254,000. The amount re- ported by farmers as expended for feed for live stock was $299,840,000. The excess of receipts from sale over expenditures for purchase was $209,414,000, or 41.1 per cent. This excess should represent ia a rough way the value of crops of this character sold by farmers for consumption by animals in cities, towns, and villages, for export, or for human consumption in the United States. Marked differences appear among the geographic divisions with respect to the relation of sales of f eedable crops to purchases. In the East and West North Central divisions there was in 1909 a great excess of sales over purchases, while in the New England and Middle Atlantic divisions the sales were much less than the purchases, in the South Atlantic division considerably less, and in the East South Central division practically the same. In other words, in the northeastern divisions, and in parts of the South, the farmers do not raise enough feed for their own ani- mals, but have to supply the deficiency by purchase from other sections of the country. The total value of the corn, oats, barley, and hay and forage produced during 1909 was $2,769,715,000, so that the value of such crops sold represents only 18.4 per cent of the total. Of the total quantity of corn produced, less than one-fifth was reported as sold; of oats shghtly more than one-fourth; of barley about two-ficfths ; and of hay and forage only a little more than one-tenth. For further details see Table 13. Table 13 PEP. CENT or TOTAL PEODUOTION KEPOHTED AS SOLD: 1909 Com. Oats. Barley. Hay and forage. United States 18.0 1.8 6.3 23.3 19.1 7.1 8.3 15.8 13.6 21.0 25.9 5.2 7.1 34.3 21.8 7.5 12.9 27.1 30.0 39.6 43.4 2.3 15.8 40.7 43.6 6.6 18.4 38.5 38.2 49.6 11 Np.w KnglftTiH 6 8 Middle Atlantic 9.9 East North Central.. 14.6 West North Central 6 6 South Atlantic 9.6 East South Central 9 3 West South Central 15.6 MnnTitAiTi 16.5 Pacific... 19 9 The North . ..- 20.4 10.8 15.4 26.9 17.4 33.9 42.3 16.6 47.1 9.3 The South 11.8 The West 18.0 17.7 18.5 28.4 23.7 37.8 44.6 11.7 10.4 EXPENDITURES FOE LABOR AND FERTILIZERS ON FARMS. Expenditures for labor : 1909 and 1899. — The sched- ules of the Twelfth and Thirteenth Censuses contained inquiries as to the amount paid by farmers for hired labor during the year preceding the taking of the census. No attempt was made to ascertain the num- ber of persons hired. In many cases farmers hire labor only for a few days or a few weeks during the year and it would be impossible to determine the true average number employed for the year; and the actual number employed on any selected date, even if ascer- tained correctly, might be by no means typical of average conditions throughout the year. The schedule inquiry as to wages distinguished between money pay- ment and the value of house rent and board furnished. It is probable that the latter item is, in general, less correctly reported than the former, and that it is in most cases somewhat understated. The two classes of payment are combined in most of the tables. Table 14 presents statistics regarding expenditures for labor for each geographic division and section. As an aid to interpreting the data, the distribution of the total and of the improved acreage of farm land among the divisions and sections by percentages is also shown. The amounts paid for labor in individual states, together with other data, are shown in Table 15. Table 14 AMOUNT EXPENDED FOE LABOE. AMOUNT EXPENDED FOE FEETILIZEES. PEE CENT OF UNITED STATES TOTAL. DIVISION OE SECTION. 1909 1899 Increase. 1909 1899 Increase.i Amount expended for labor. Amount expended for fertilizers. All land in farms. Improved land in farms. Amount. Per cent. Amount. Per cent. 1909 1899 1909 1899 1910 1900 1910 1900 United States... $651,611,287 34,500,407 78,021,579 117,880,196 135,924,234 66,607,245 36,308,883 69,980,738 46,939,012 76,448,994 $367,391,930 20,727,980 60,469,890 67, 566, 520 75,704,460 37,086,040 19,575,416 29,871,225 20,372,255 35,968,144 $294,219,357 13,772,427 27,661,689 50,323,675 60,159,774 29,621,205 15,733,467 30,109,513 26,566,767 40,480,850 82.3 60.4 64.6 74.5 79.4 79.6 80.4 100.8 130.4 112.6 $114, 882, S41 9,407,769 18,221,474 8,058,881 983,216 59,625,130 12,901,239 3,226,927 159,342 2,299,573 $53,430,910 4,297,705 11,344,290 6,866,520 1,407,176 22,732,670 6,337,708 1,374,116 77,116 993,610 $61,451,631 6,110,054 6,877,184 2,192,361 -423,959 36,892,460 7,563,531 1,851,811 82,226 1,305,963 115.0 118.9 60.6 37.4 -30.1 162.3 141.7 134.8 106.6 131.4 100.0 5.3 12.0 18.1 20.9 10.2 5.4 9.2 7.2 11.7 100.0 5.8 14.1 18.9 21.2 10.4 6.5 8.4 6.7 10.1 100.0 8.2 15.9 7.0 0.9 61.9 11.2 2.8 0.1 2.0 100.0 8.0 21.2 11.0 2.6 42.6 10.0 2.6 0.1 1.9 100.0 2.2 4.9 13.4 26.5 11.8 9.3 19.2 6.8 5.8 100.0 2.6 5.3 13.9 24.0 12.4 9.7 21.0 5.5 6.7 100.0 1.5 6.1 18.6 34.3 10.1 9.2 12.2 3.3 4.6 100.0 2.0 7.4 20.9 32.7 11.1 9.7 9.6 2.0 4.5 Middle Atlantic East North Central West North Central. . . . South Atlantic East South Central West South Central. . . . Mountain . . TheNorlh 360,326,415 161,896,866 123,388,006 214,518,860 86,532,681 66,340,399 151,807,605 75, 364, 185 67,047,607 70.8 87.1 119.0 36,671,330 75,762,296 2,458,915 22,916,690 29,444,494 1,070,726 13,755,640 46,307,802 1,388,189 60.0 157.3 129.6 56.2 24.8 18.9 60.0 24.2 15.8 31.9 65.9 2.1 42.9 66.1 2.0 47.1 40.3 12.6 46.6 43.2 11.2 60.6 31.5 7.9 63.0 30.4 6.6 The South The West East of the Mississippi.. West of the Mississippi. 332,318,309 319,292,978 196,415,846 161,976,084 136,902,463 167,316,894 70.1 97.1 108,214,483 6,668,058 49,578,893 3,852,017 68,635,590 2,816,041 118.3 73.1 51.0 49.0 64.7 45.3 94.2 6.8 92.8 7.2 41.7 58.3 43.8 66.2 45.6 64.4 61.1 48.9 1 A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease. FARM CROPS, BY STATES. 373 The total amount reported as expended lor farm labor (including the value of rent and board furnished) in the country as a whole in 1909 was $651,611,000, as compared with $357,392,000 in 1899 — an increase of 82.3 per cent. This increase is due in part to higher rates of wages, and in part to employment of addi- tional laborers, or employment for longer periods of time. Table 15 AMOUNT EXPENDED BY FAEMEES FOE— KECEIPT3 FEOM SALE OF TEED- ABLE CEOPS. STATE. amount expended by PAEMEE3 FOE— EECEIPTS FEOM SALE STATE. Labor. Fertilizers. Feed. Labor. Fertilizers. Feed. OF FEED- ABLE CEOPS. 1909 1899 1909 1899 1909 1909 1909 1899 1909 1899 1909 1909 New England; Maine 85,633,106 3,374,126 4,748,003 12,101,959 1,761,694 6,881,619 41,312,014 11,097,727 2.5,611,838 25,631,186 17,682,079 36,308,376 19,063,082 19,195,473 22,330,149 24,781,592 18,644,695 21,740,149 12,831,944 15,028,468 20,567,237 1,612,471 8,802,172 238,833 13,354,194 $2,667,260 2,304,520 3,133,140 7,487,280 1,032,360 4,103,420 27,102,130 6,720,030 16,647,730 14,602,600 9,685,640 22,182,550 10,717,220 10,468,610 16,657,820 16,375,670 9,803,610 9,207,220 5,628,070 7,399,160 10,792,910 1,075,960 5,715,520 197,420 7,790,720 $4,069,479 512,580 570,762 1,966,682 335,103 1,954,163 7,142,265 4,277,604 6,801,605 4,180,485 2,189,695 615,594 945,354 127,753 74,653 109,570 671,073 10,003 11,294 31,021 75,602 864,577 3,387,634 16,975 6,932,455 $819,680 367,980 447,065 1,320,600 264,140 1,078,240 4,493,050 2,165,320 4,685,920 2,695,470 1,553,710 830,660 492,360 294,320 251,120 337, 190 370,630 13,855 12,940 153,080 268,360 639,040 2,618,890 22,600 3,681,790 $7,267,864 4,614,938 4,758,703 10,878,178 1,678,183 5,416,108 29,545,703 5,947,181 19,203,160 8,445,761 6,893,901 13,915,628 5,682,915 5,672,916 5,041,925 18,582,251 17,148,008 2,003,028 3,049,255 12,667,838 17,815,252 337,841 2,445,066 130,077 3,504,660 $1,567,463 447,635 966,276 738,987 116,079 510,307 10,349,957 2,076,981 9,167,120 31,396,130 32,749,631 104,425,194 12,234,203 14,857,856 19,741,965 67,034,312 20,077,983 6,679,840 16,373,129 31,587,632 22,911,128 713,022 3,240,590 180 3,763,316 South Atlantic— Continued. West Virginia.. North Carolina . South Carolina.. Georgia $4,035,764 9,220,664 10,770,768 13,218,113 5,364,376 12,243,851 8,448,059 7,454,748 7,162,225 7,654,571 16,704,125 9,837,641 25,784,501 10,930,477 6,701,604 6, 174, 164 10,818,466 3,645,423 2,504,984 3,169,917 2,993,978 15,370,931 11,101,864 49,976,199 $2,041,660 6,444,950 6, 107, 100 7,244,620 1,468,290 6,613,330 4,730,370 4,314,460 3,917,256 3,171,090 10,692,710 13,675,520 12,331,905 5,077,340 2,250,450 2,615,230 4,100,905 1,951,110 1,152,670 1,837,900 1,386,660 5,280,190 4,842,834 25,845,120 $528,937 12,262,633 15,162,017 16,860,149 3,609,853 1,360,720 1,216,296 7,630,952 2,703,271 596,553 2,004,919 29,092 595,363 12,323 20,73T 6,302 61,113 25,371 6,080 20,037 8,379 87,023 68,567 2,143,993 $405,270 4,479,030 4,494,410 5,738,520 753, 120 908,250 898,070 2,599,290 932,098 172,510 1,076,890 $1,938,233 3,161,190 1,830,816 4,097,043 1,820,356 4,014,998 3,670,661 4,041,486 3,980,638 4,276,587 3,784,140 5,863,373 10,800,046 1,741,071 2,122,709 1,603,828 4,592,799 1,527,037 541,371 727,409 443,285 5,045,297 3,198,363 12,676,903 New Hampshire Vermont Massachusetts .. Rhode Island . . . $1,212,228 2,061,783 1,164,874 2,045,033 Connecticut Florida 486,329 MroDLE Atlantic: NewYorlc New Jersey Pennsylvania . . . E. N. Centeal: Ohio E. S. Centeal: Kentuclsy Tennessee Alabama Mississippi W. S. Central: Arkansas Louisiana Oklahoma Texas 6,282,120 6,713,697 1,744,732 943,830 Indiana 2,700,067 Illinois 1,615,043 Michigan Wisconsin 16, 430, 110 124,716 3,940 17,160 12,700 23,225 2,880 2,921 14,300 8,295,157 W. N. Central: Minnesota Mountain: ■ Montana 3,942,518 5,275,620 Missouri North Dakota . . South Dalcota , . Wyoming Colorado New Mexico 1,238,522 5,010,168 1,445,063 1,445,838 Kansas Utah 1,336,199 1,136,968 7,277,118 4, 514, 161 Delaware Maryland Diiit Columbia Pacific: Washington Oregon •29,165 27,395 937,050 Virginia California 21,329,528 1 Includes Indian Territory. The distribution of the payments for labor among the geographic divisions does not conform very closely to the distribution of the total acreage of farms, or of the improved acreage. In particular, the New Eng- land, Middle Atlantic, Mountain, and Pacific divi- sions report a larger proportion of the total expendi- tures for labor than of either of the other items men- tioned, while the East and West South Central divisions report a much smaller proportion. These differences are probably due partly to differences in the prevailing rate of wages, but more largely to differences in the method of managing farms. Thus in the South there is less hired labor because oi the prevalence of small tenant farms. These differences among the divisions in the extent to which farmers hire labor are further brought out by Table 16, which shows for 1909 the proportion which the farms in each division which reported expendi- tures for labor in 1909 form of the total number of farms and the average expenditure per farm reporting. As a guide to the interpretation of this average, the average size of ah farms in each division is shown, it being impossible to state the average size of the farms which hire labor. Table 16 EXPENDITCEES FOE LABOE. EXPENDITUEES FOE FEETILIZEES. AVEEAGE ACREAGE PEE FARM. Per cent farms report- ing form of all farms: 1909 Aver age per farm, re- port- ing: 1909 Average per acre.' Per cent farms. report- ing form of all farms: 1909 Aver- age per farm re- port- ing: 1909 Average per acre .1 All land in farms. Impr land farr DIVISION OR SECTION. All land in farms. Improved land m farms. All land in farms. Improved land m farms. in OS. 1909 1899 1909 1899 1909 1899 1909 1899 1910 1900 1910 1900 TTnifnA States 45.9 66.0 65.8 52.7 61.0 42.2 31.6 36.6 46.8 58.0 $223 277 263 199 240 142 107 178 547 694 $0.74 1.75 1.81 1.00 0.68 0.64 0.43 0.35 0.79 1.49 $0.43 1.01 1.13 0.68 0.38 0.36 0.24 0.17 0.44 0.76 $1.36 4.76 2.66 1.33 0.83 1.37 0.80 1.03 2.95 3.47 $0.86 2.55 1.64 0.78 0.56 0.80 0.49 0.75 2.42 1.92 88.7 60.9 57.1 19.6 2.1 69.2 33.8 6.4 1.3 6.4 $63 82 68 37 41 77 37 53 07 189 $0.13 0.48 0.42 0.07 m 0.57 0.16 0.02 m 0.04 $0.06 0.21 0.25 0.05 0.01 0.22 0.07 0.01 (') 0.02 $0.24 1.30 0.62 0.09 0.01 1.23 0.29 0.06 0.01 0.10 $0.13 0.53 0.37 0.07 0.01 0.49 0.13 0.03 0.01 0.05 138.1 104.4 92.2 105.0 209.6 93.3 78.2 179.3 324.5 270.3 146.2 107.1 92.4 102.4 189.5 108.4 89.9 233.8 457.9 334.8 75.2 38.4 62.6 79.2 148.0 43.6 42.2 61.8 86.8 116.1 72.2 42.4 63.4 76.3 127.9 47.9 44.5 52.7 82.9 Pacific 132.6 Tho ■Mnr+h 55.1 36.6 62.5 230 143 630 0.89 0.46 1.11 0.56 0.24 0.60 1.26 1.07 3.25 0.82 0.09 2.07 21.7 38.2 3.9 59 64 169 0.09 0.21 0.02 0.06 0.08 0.01 0.13 0.50 0.06 0.09 0.23 0.04 143.0 114.4 296.9 133.2 138.2 380.1 100.3 48. 6 101.7 90.9 48.1 The West 111.8 46.4 45.3 182 291 0.91 0.62 0.53 0.34 1.52 1.23 0.92 0.80 43.8 4.1 63 67 0.30 0.02 0.13 0.01 0.60 0.03 0.23 0.02 93.0 211.3 99.8 229.0 56.4 107.4 57 G 98 4 1 Based on acreage in 1910 of all farms and not of those hiring labor. 2 Less than 1 cent. 374 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. The table further shows for 1909 and 1899 the aver- age expenditure for labor per acre of land in farms and per acre of improved land in farms, both of these averages being based on the acreage of all farms and not that of farms reporting expenditures for labor. From the figures given it appears that of the farms in the New England division 66 per cent hired labor in 1909, the average expenditure per farm reporting being $277, while in the East South Central division, where there are many small tenant farms, only 31.6 per cent of aU farms hired labor, and the average expenditure per farm was only $107. Table 17 distinguishes between money payment for labor and the value of house rent and board furnished. For the United States as a whole, 80.1 per cent of the total amount expended for labor in 1909 was in the form of cash, the remainder (19.9 per cent) repre- senting the value of rent and board furnished. Table 17 AMOUNT EXPENDED FOR LABOR: 1909 DIVISION. Total. Cash. Hent and board furnished. Amount. Per cent of total. Amount. Per cent of total. TTnlted States $651,611,287 34,500,407 78,021,679 117,880,195 135,924,234 66,607,245 36,308,883 69,980,738 46,939,012 76,448,994 $521,729,941 27,603,493 59,913,169 91,691,170 105,023,463 66,413,285 28,662,434 52,219,927 37,384,652 63,918,359 80.1 80.0 76.8 77.7 77.3 83.2 81.2 87.1 79.6 83.6 $129,881,348 6,898,915 18,108,410 26,289,025 30,900,781 11,193,960 6,646,449 7,760,811 9,564,360 12,630,636 19.9 20.0 Mirlrtip AtlanHp 23.2 East North Central West North Central finiit.h At.lfi.ntio 22.3 22.7 16 8 East South Central West South Central MnnTitji.iTi 18.8 12.9 20.4 Pacific 16 4 Expenditures for fertilizers : 1909 and 1899. — At the last two censuses the agricultural schedules contained inquiries as to the amount expended for fertihzers. These expenditures are made chiefly for commercial or artificial fertihzers, but to some extent for the pur- chase of manure or other natural fertihzers derived chiefly from cities, towns, and viUages. Table 14 pre- sents data regarding expenditures for fertihzers by geographic divisions and sections. Less detailed data for each state appear in Table 15. The total amount reported as spent for fertilizers by the farmers of the United States in 1909 was • $114,883,000, an increase of 115 per cent as compared with the expenditure in 1899. There is a wide diversity among the sections of the country with reference to the practice of buying fer- tilizers. The great bulk of the expenditure reported in 1909 was in New England, the Middle Atlantic di- vision, the states of Ohio and Indiana in the East North Central division, the South Atlantic division (which reported more than half of the total), and the East South Central division. In the other sections of the country' the fertility of the soil, in so far as any attempt is made to conserve it, is usually maintained rather by rotation of crops, letting the land lie fallow, or using manure derived from live stock. Differences in the character of the soil and in the kinds of crops raised have a direct bearing on the use of commercial fertilizers. The South Atlantic division shows a higher rate of increase in expenditures for fertilizers (162.3 per cent) between 1899 and 1909 than any other. In the West North Central division, where the expenditures for fertilizers at both censuses were very low, they were considerably less in 1909 than in 1899. The percentages and averages in Table 16 show further the differences among the geographic divisions with respect to the practice of buying fertilizers. In the country as a whole in 1909, 28.7 per cent of the farms bought fertihzers, the average expenditure per farm being $63. In the South Atlantic division 69.2 per cent of all the farms reported some expenditure for fertilizers in 1909, the average per farm reporting being $77, while in the West North Central division only 2.1 per cent of the farms bought fertilizers, and the average amount spent per farm was only $41, notwithstanding the fact that the farms of this section average much larger than those in the South Atlantic division. The expenditures for fertilizers in the South Atlantic divi- sion were equal to $1.23 for each acre of improved land in farms (based on ah farms and not merely those reporting expenditures for fertilizers) , while in the West North Central division the corresponding average was only $0.01. THE CEREALS. Considered as an aggregate the cereals are, both in acreage and value, the most important of the crops of the United States. In 1909 they occupied 40 per cent of all improved farm land, and contributed 48.6 per cent of the value of all crops. The acreage, produc- tion, and value of the combined cereals in 1909, with comparative figures for 1899, are given in Table 21. Attention has already been called to the large share which the two North Central divisions have in the acreage of cereals. With upwards of 126,000,000 acres in 1909 these two divisions contained nearly two-thirds of the total cereal acreage of the country, though at the same time it should be noted that these divisions contained sMghtly more than one-half of all the improved farm land. Seven states — Illinois, Kansas, Iowa, Nebraska, lYorth Dakota, Missouri, and Minne- sota — with an aggregate of 92,000,000 acres, contained nearly one-half of the total acreage in cereals in 1909. Comparing 1909 with 1899, the figures for the United States as a whole show an increase of 3.5 per cent in the acreage of cereals and of only 1.7 per cent in pro- duction, the difference in the rate of increase being due to a slightly smaller production per acre. During the decade the population increased 21 per cent, while the per capita production of cereals, which in 1899 was 58.4 bushels, was in 1909 only 49.1 bushels. With a FARM CROPS, BY STATES. 375 production only slightly larger, the value of the cereal crop in 1909 exceeded that in 1899 by 11,183,000,000, or 79.8 per cent. The sUght gain which has been noted in the cereal acreage was far from being evenly distributed through- out the country. Indeed, all divisions east of the Mississippi Eiver lost in acreage, the aggregate loss being over 6,000,000 acres. West of the Mississippi Eiver, on the other hand, all divisions except the Pacific increased their acreage, with a net gain of over 12,000,000 acres. Twenty-seven states had a smaller acreage of cereals in 1909 than in 1899. Of the seven leading states mentioned above. North Dakota in- creased its acreage enormously during the decade, Kansas made a considerablcj and Nebraska a slight gain, but in lUinois, Iowa, Minnesota, and Missouri decreases occurred. The distribution of production throughout the several divisions and the increase or decrease from one year to another follow the conditions observed in re- gard to acreage approximately, but not exactly, since variations in the average yield in diiferent sections make some changes in the proportions. For the United States as a whole the production was practically the same in 1909 as in 1899, with an increase of only 1.7 per cent in the later year as compared with the earlier. Twenty-one states reported a smaller production in 1909 than in 1899. Of the seven leading states, North Dakota shows an increase in production even greater relatively than that in acreage, and Minnesota shows a slight increase in production, in spite of a decrease in acreage, while lUinois, Kansas, Iowa, Nebraska, and Missouri show a decrease in production, though Kansas and Nebraska gained in acreage. Table 21 shows that the remarkable increase in the value of the cereal crop disclosed by the census gen- erally was shared by all divisions. In only one state, Cahfornia, was there any decrease in the value of the cereal production in 1909 as compared with 1899. Elsewhere the general advance in values more than offset such losses as occurred in production. While the cereals will later be discussed individually, it is of interest to consider here the relative importance of the different crops. This is shown in Table 18, which gives for the United States and for each geo- graphic division and section the percentage of the ag- gregate cereal acreage which was occupied by each crop in 1909. In the United States as a whole a little more than one-half of the acreage devoted to cereals is in com, a little less than one-fourth in wheat, and somewhat more than one-sixth in oats. In each of the nine divi- sions except the Pacific the three leading cereals — com, wheat, and oats — occupy, as in the United States at large, much more than three-fourths of the total cereal acreage. In the Pacific states the acreage of com is insignificant and that of barley exceeds that of oats. Com occupies the leading place in the im- portant cereal producing regions, but in the New England and Middle Atlantic divisions the first place is held by oats, and in the Pacific and Mountain divisions by wheat. The cereals included under the head of "all other" in the final column of the table are emmer and spelt, kafir corn, and rice. The share of these in the aggregate acreage in most divisions is sUght, but in the West South Central division kafir com occupies 5.7 per cent and rice 3 per cent of the total cereal acreage. Table 18 PEE CENT OF TOTAL CEEEAi ACEEAGE (1909) IN— DIVISION OE SECTION. All cereals. Com. Wheat Oats. Bar- ley. Eye. Buck- wheat. AU other. United States . . . 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 51.4 38.9 29.1 51.8 42.9 74.5 83.4 76.6 13.8 1.6 23.1 1.0 21.5 16.6 30.9 14.7 9.7 8.0 38.3 67.9 18.4 47.6 33.9 26.5 18.8 9.0 6.4 6.6 34.7 13.8 4.0 3.5 1.2 2.4 5.7 0.1 V.1 9.3 25.4 1.1 2.8 6.4 2.3 0.6 1.0 0.4 i«o 0.4 O.B 6.1 8.0 0.3 ^i?6 (1) (1) (1) 0) 1.6 I 0.2 ''i.8 2.9 Middle Atlantic East North Central.... West North Central... South Atlantic East South Central West South Central . . . Pacific 0.8 The North 100.0 100.0 100.0 45.0 77.9 6.1 26.8 10.6 50.7 22.2 7.3 21.5 4.4 0.1 19.5 1.4 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.2 (') 0.7 The South. 3.6 The West 1.5 East of the Mississippi. West of the Mississippi. 100.0 100.0 59.4 45.8 15.4 28.6 20.5 16.9 1.4 5.8 2.1 0.5 1.1 % ^ Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. In the South com occupies over three-fourths of the total cereal acreage, but in the North the propor- tion is less than one-half. In both of these sections wheat is second in importance, with oats a close third. In the West, however, wheat occupies one-half the cereal acreage, and oats and barley each about one- fifth, while the acreage of corn is insignificant. Table 19 shows the distribution of the total acreage of each particular crop among the different geographic divisions and sections. Table 19 PEE CENT OF TOTAL ACEEAGE IN THE UNITED STATES: 1909 DmSION OE SECTION. All cereals. Corn. Wheat. Oats. Barley. Hye. Buck- wheat. TTnlted States 100.0 0.2 3.9 22.1 43.7 8.0 7.1 10.2 1.8 3.0 100.0 0.2 2.2 22.3 36.5 11.6 11.5 15.2 0.5 0.1 100.0 m 3.6 15.9 58.4 5.1 3.0 3.5 2.9 7.6 100.0 0.6 7.2 31.9 44.7 3.9 2.5 3.6 3.3 2.3 100.0 0.2 1.1 13.1 61.9 0.2 0.1 0.2 4.1 19.2 100.0 0.6 21.5 44.1 21.4 7.2 2.3 0.3 1.5 1.2 100.0 Middle Atlantic East North Central West North Central .^nnth Atlantic 15.9 3.0 9.7 0.5 East South Central West South Central Mnnntnin . Pacific "o.i The North 70.0 25.3 4.8 61.2 38.2 0.6 78.0 11.6' 10.5 84.4 10.0 5.6 76.3 0.5 23.2 87.7 9.7 2.6 89.6 10.2 0.2 The South The West . East of the Mississippi. . West of the Mississippi . 41.3 58.7 47.7 62.3 27.6 72.4 46.1 63.9 14.7 85.3 75.7 24.3 96.9 3.1 1 Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. This distribution reflects in part the size of the differ- ent divisions and sections of the country, or, rather, the amount of improved land in them. Hence for the three leading cereals, corn, oats, and wheat, the largest proportion of the acreage is found in the West North 376 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. Central division and the next largest in the East North Central division. In the acreage of barley the prominence of the West North Central division is even more clearly marked, but the Pacific division shows a larger proportion of the total than the East North Central. The center of buckwheat production is in the Middle Atlantic division, which has more than two-thirds of the total acreage. In the case of rye the East North Central division leads, followed by the Middle Atlantic and West North Central, which have almost identical proportions. Of the acreage of cereals not shown in the table, 95.5 per cent of %iat in rice is in the West South Central division; 67.7 per cent of that in kafir corn is in the same division; and 91.1 per cent of that in emmer and spelt is in the West North Central division. About three-fifths of the corn acreage and more than three-fourths of that of each of the other cereals men- tioned in the table are in the North. The South has a much larger proportion of the acreage of corn than of that of the other cereals, while the West has nearly one-fourth of the acreage of barley. Table 20 gives the acreage of the cereal group as a whole and of the several cereal crops, as reported at each census from 1879 to 1909. The distribution of the acreage of all cereals in 1909 among the states is shown by the map below. The acreage of the cereals increased rapidly during the 20 years preceding 1899, being in that year nearly 45,000,000 greater than in 1889 and 66,000,000 greater than in 1879. In the last decade, however, the in- crease in the acreage of the cereal crops amounted to but little more than 6,000,000. Corn and wheat made their greatest gains in the decade ending with 1899, and since that time the increase in the acreage of com has been relatively small, while the acreage of wheat has fallen off more than 8,000,000. After an increase of over 12,000,000 in the acreage of oats between 1879 and 1889 this crop made a comparatively slight increase in the following 10 years, but in the decade ending with 1909 gained nearly 6,000,000 acres. Of the minor cereals, barley shows a substantial increase in each decade, while the acreage of rye increased about one- sixth between 1879 and 1889, but shows compara- tively httle change during the next 20 years, and the acreage of buckwheat has remained practically station- ary during the 30 years covered by the table. The acreage of rice changed but little during the first decade, but practically doubled during each succeed- ing one. At each census corn has occupied more than half of the cereal acreage, while wheat has ranked sec- ond and oats third. Table 20 CEOP. All cereals Corn Oats Wheat Barley Buckwheat Eye Eough rice Emmer and spelt Kafir com and milo maize ACEEAGE IN THE UNITED STATES. 1909 191,395,963 98,382,665 35, 169, 441 44,262,692 7,698,706 878,048 2,195,561 610, 175 673,622 1,635,153 1899 184,982,220 94,913,673 29,639,698 62,588,574 4,470,196 807,060 2,064,292 342,214 O 266,513 1889 140,378,857 72,087,752 28,320,677 33,579,514 3,220,834 837,164 2,171,604 161,312 (') (') 1879 118,805,952 62,368,504 16,144,598 35,430,333 1,997,727 848,389 1,842,235 174,173 (') C) 1 Not reported separately. ALL CEREALS. ACREAGE, BY STATES: 1909. FARM CROPS, BY STATES. ALL CEREALS— ACREAGE, PRODUCTION, AND VALUE, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES: 1909 AND 1899. [A minua sign (—) denotes decrease.] 377 Table 21 DIVISION OK STATE. ITiilted States.. Geographic divisions; New England Middle Atlantic. . . East North Central. West North Central South Atlantic East South Central West South Central Moimtain Pacific New England: Maine New Hampshire. . . Vermont Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut Middle Atlantic: New York New Jersey Pennsylvania East North Central; Ohio Indiana Illinois Michigan Wisconsin West North Central; Minnesota Iowa Missouri North Dakota... South Dakota... Nebraska Kansas South Atlantic: Delaware Maryland District of Columbia Virginia West Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Florida East South Central: Kentucky Tennessee Alabama Mississippi West South Central: Arkansas Louisiana Oklahoma Texas Mountain: Montana Idaho.*. Wyoming , Colorado New Mexico Arizona Utah Nevada Pacific: Washington Oregon California 1909 191,395,963 7,430, 42,305, 83,705, 15,282, 13,575, 19,468, 3,354, 5,804, 159,616 32,928 134, 611 55, 267 12,112 74,083 2,602,461 503, 651 4,324,058 7,649,873 8,752,732 16,536,457 4,415,629 4,951,066 10,139,850 15,041,039 10,255,476 11,887,141 8,203,519 12,640,049 15,638,669 309,288 1,329,201 452 2, 841, 114 1,038,931 3,250,870 1,955,695 3,906,703 650,486 4,323,702 4,136,647 2,844,824 2,270,603 2,664,898 1,938,367 8,248,663 6,716,304 636, 807 847, 138 186,947 1,057,905 218,037 76,269 298,613 34,958 2,691,582 1,242,300 1,970,492 184,982,220 505, 327 8,462,125 43,563,749 75, 771, 149 16,964,662 16,601,376 15,919,053 1,636,980 6, 677, 799 166, 896 42,335 160, 127 53,385 10,562 72,032 3,125,077 588,853 4,738,196 8,214, 8,471,709 16,769,010 4, 721, 126 5,376,944 11,207,069 10,920,095 10,423,746 5,610,374 6,211,223 12, 071, 703 13,326,940 318,772 1,368,265 643 3,166,332 1,307,428 3,794,064 2,251,050 4,160,886 607,322 6,086,529 5,066,328 3,088,464 2,372,065 2,980,684 1,573,759 14,431,819 6,932,791 254,231 369, 788 50,528 525,299 96,402 53,958 255,699 31,076 1,350,897 1,222,648 4,004,254 Increase. Amount. Per ct 6, 413, 743 -36, 710 -1,021,955 -1,247,992 7,934,594 -1,681,922 -2,025,700 3, 649, 159 1,717,694 -773,425 -7,280 -9,407 -26,516 1,882 1,560 2,051 -522,616 -85,202 -414, 137 -666,087 281,023 -232,553 -305,497 -426,878 -1,067,219 -1,879,056 -168,269 6,276,767 1,992,296 468,346 2,311,729 -9,484 -39,064 -91 -325,218 -268, 497 -543, 194 -295,355 -244, 183 43,164 -761,827 -918, 681 -243,630 -101,662 -415, 786 364, 698 3,816,834 -216,487 381,576 477,360 136,419 532,606 121,636 21,311 42,914 3,883 1,240,685 19, 662 -2, 033, 762 —7.3 -12.1 -2.9 10.5 -9.9 -13.0 22.3 104. -11. -4.4 -22.2 -15.9 3.5 14. 2. -16.7 -14.6 -8.7 3.3 -1.4 -6.5 -7.9 -9.6 -11.1 -1.6 111.9 32.1 3.9 17.3 -3.0 -2.9 -16.8 -10. -20.5 -14.3 -13.1 -5.9 7.1 -15.0 -18.2 -7. -4.3 -13.9 23.2 86.1 -3.1 150.1 129.1 270.0 101.4 126.2 39.5 16.8 12.5 91.8 1.6 -50.8 production (bushels). 1909 4,612,664,465 16,972,973 182,950,097 1,382,640,124 1,936,411,197 231,040,725 237, 766, 717 309,793,487 88,929,191 126,069,954 6,396,168 1,356,965 4,351,467 2,402,738 459,384 3,008,251 69,239,218 14,035,521 99,675,358 247, 749, 763 281, 488, 700 580,954,423 121,862,638 150,584,600 269,148,531 489,803,118 246,786,298 217,246,973 174,903,749 285,078,947 263,443,581 6,648,644 29, 183, 197 13,232 60,283,074 22, 116, 677 41,117,292 27,493,754 46,636,619 7, 648, 336 94,836,976 79,148,649 34,072,032 29,709,061 42,665,839 37, 273, 196 129,816,483 100, 047, 969 21,239,157 26,628,174 4, 623, 310 22,322,328 2,975,383 1,878,960 8,296,625 1,106,254 60,610,807 26,343,230 39,105,917 1899 4,438,857,013 17,447,477 213,777,362 1,371,660,131 1,877,640,699 220,394,303 261,846,765 326, 732, 734 36,715,523 122,742,029 5,291,655 1,677,225 5,708,140 1,894,035 360, 110 2,526,312 80,413,695 15,663,476 117,810,192 245,957,866 249,445,647 600,107,378 105,359,403 170, 689, 848 242,863,903 693,978,358 262, 772, 272 90,430,446 101, 194, 100 297,865,366 298,646,254 6, 775, 675 30,985,936 16,; 49,470,178 23, 152, 668 42,090,432 22, 834, 720 39,372,927 5,695,667 92,422,566 82,095,132 37,610,914 39,718,143 50,627,455 28,594,874 1100,318,982 147,291,423 7,699,180 8,394,800 1, 196, 776 10,501,528 1,653,102 1,147,262 6,381,125 842, 751 30,430,685 23,225,515 69,085,929 Increase. Amount. Per ct. 73,707,452 -474,504 -30,827,265 11,079,993 68,770,498 10,646,422 -14,080,038 -16,939,247 52,213,668 3,317,925 103, 613 -321,260 -1, .366, 673 608,703 109,274 481,939 -11,174,477 -1,617,964 -18,134,834 1,791,1 32,043,053 -19,152,956 16,603,235 -20,105,248 16,294,628 •104,176,240 -5,985,974 126,816,527 73, 709, 649 -12,786,419 -35,102,673 -127,031 -1,802,739 -3,1 812,896 -1,035,991 -973, 140 4,669,034 7,163,692 1,952,769 2,414,409 -2,946,483 —3,638,882 -10,009,082 -7,871,616 8,678,322 29,497,601 -47, 243, 464 13, 639, 977 18,133,374 3,327,535 11,820,800 1,322,281 731, 698 2,915,500 322,603 30,180,222 3,117,715 -29,980,012 1.7 -2.7 -14.4 0.8 3.1 4.8 -5.6 -6.2 142.2 2.7 2.0 -19.2 -23.8 20.9 31.2 19.1 -13.9 -9.8 -16.4 0.7 12.8 ^3.2 16.7 -11.8 6.7 -17.6 -2.4 140.2 72. -4.3 -11.8 -1. -6. -18.8 1.6 -4.5 -2.3 20. 18.2 34.3 2.6 -3.6 -9.4 -25.2 -15.6 30.4 29.4 -32.1 179.6 216.0 278.3 112.6 80.0 63.8 64.2 38.3 99.2 13.4 -43.4 1909 $2,665,639,714 10,664,849 123,246,651 731,015,347 1,089,912,479 194,466,951 173,832,911 194,958,491 66,779,935 90,662,100 3,100,902 379,631 2,661,877 1,617,131 376,097 2,039,211 9,797,937 70,348,726 137,907,934 151,898,146 297,523,098 70,544,250 73,141,919 140,864,148 230,205,315 147,980,414 149,133,461 98,953,060 163,666,662 169,109,449 4,692,329 21,908,730 9,936 39,993,929 16,997,700 37,848,797 25,434,539 42,406,019 6,175,973 60, 738, 661 55,302,278 30,927,210 26, 864, 772 31,262,922 24,786,984 71,798,662 67,109,923 12,251,346 16,026,676 2,744,502 14,787,619 2,382,996 1,570,863 6,092,281 923,763 44, 762, 138 17,860,136 28,039,826 1899 $1,488,603,049 7,722,703 92,032,936 428,806,352 647,296,136 111,068,436 114,349,649 109,968,922 16,220,286 66,137,630 2,138,203 774,243 2,448,585 922, 127 189,657 1,251,888 34,284,706 6,938,690 50,809,541 91,748,320 81,858,825 164,784,437 41,819,042 48,595,728 85,817,555 147,919,076 79,574,841 40,126,051 34,606,061 75,730,442 83,622,109 3,032,613 14,605,992 7,039 23,759,479 11,671,334 22,082,175 12,722,415 20,481,157 2,906,332 39,692,771 36,914,592 18,424,318 19,317,968 20,233,270 14,491,796 128,111,290 47, 132, 566 3,267,726 3,212,387 628,481 4,700,271 979,903 673,639 2,386,789 471,090 12,191,397 9,271,600 33, 674, 733 Increase. Amount. Perct. $1,182, 936, eej 2,942,146 31,213,715 302,208,995 542,616,344 83,398,515 59,483,262 84,989,569 40,559,649 36,624,470 962,699 106,388 205,292 695,004 186,440 787,323 8,815,283 2,869,247 19,539,186 46,159,614 70,039,321 132,738,661 28,725,208 24,546,191 65,046,593 82,286,239 68,405,573 109,007,400 64,446,989 77,936,210 85,487,340 1,669,816 7,402,738 2,896 16,234,460 4,426,366 16,766,622 12, 712, 124 21,923,862 3, 269, 641 21,046,880 18,387,686 12,602,892 7,646,804 11,029,652 10,295,188 43,687,372 19,977,357 79.8 38.1 33.9 70.5 99.1 75.1 52.0 77.3 250.1 64.1 46.0 13.6 8.4 75.4 98.3 62.9 25.7 41.2 38.5 60.3 85.6 80.6 68.7 60.6 64.1 65.6 86.0 271.7 186.8 102.9 102.2 54.7 51.0 41.1 68.3 38.3 71.4 99.9 107.0 U2.6 63.0 49.8 67.9 39.1 54.6 71.0 166.4 42.4 274.9 398.9 419.3 8,983,619 12,814,289 2,216,021 10,087,248 214.6 1,403,093' 143.2 897,214| 133.2 3,705,492 155.3 452,673 32,570,741 8,588,636 -6,634,907 96.1 267.2 92.6 -16.7 1 Includes Indian Territory. 378 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. Corn. — For the United States as a whole the area of com harvested increased from 94,914,000 acres in 1899 to 98,383,000 in 1909, or 3.7 per cent, but the production decreased from 2,666,000,000 bushels to 2,652,000,000 bushels, or 4.3 per cent. The total value of the crop of 1909, however, was $1,439,000,000, as compared with $828,000,000 in 1899, an increase of $610,000,000, or 73.7 per cent. Corn in 1909 occupied 20.6 per cent of the improved farm land of the coun- try and contributed 26.2 per cent of the total value of crops. The statistics are presented by divisions and states, ia Table 23. Table 22 gives, for the nine geographic divisions and for the five leading producing states, percentages and averages derived mainly from Table 23. Xable 23 aceeage: 1909 aveeage YIELD IN BUSHELS PEE ACKE. AVEEAGE VALUE PEE BUSHEL. AVE! VALUI ACI AGE . PEE IE DIVISION OE STATE. Per cent of Unitfld States total. Per cent of im- proved land. 1909 1899 1909 1899 1909 1899 United States... New England Middle Atlantic East North Central. West North Central. South Atlantic East South Central.. West South Central. 100.0 0.2 2.2 22.3 36.6 li.6 11.5 16.2 0.5 0.1 20.6 2.5 7.4 24.6 21.9 23.5 25.8 25.6 2.9 0.4 25.9 45.2 32.2 38.6 27.7 15.8 18.6 15.7 15.8 24.0 28.1 39.4 34.0 38.3 31.4 14.1 18.4 21.9 16.5 25.2 $0.56 0.67 0.65 0.51 0.51 0.83 0.72 0.61 0.63 0.V8 $0.31 0.51 0.43 0.30 0.26 0.47 0.43 0.32 0.50 0.47 $14. 62 30.54 21.05 19.83 14.00 13.13 13.33 9.69 9.89 18.82 $8.73 20.04 14.63 11.51 8.07 6.60 7.98 6.98 8.31 Pacific 11.80 minois 10.2 9.4 8.2 7.4 7.2 35.8 31.3 27.1 29.8 28.9 38.8 37.1 19.1 24.8 26.9 38.8 39.1 27.8 28.8 28.1 0.51 0.49 0.62 0.49 0.56 0.29 0.25 0.25 0.24 0.29 19.74 18.16 9.96 12.14 15.09 11.21 Iowa . 9.92 7.03 Nebraska 6.99 8.26 The percentage of the acreage in each geographic division has already been discussed. The leading states in acreage of corn are lUinois, Iowa, Kansas, Nebraska, and Missouri, ia the order named. Each of these states had more than 7,000,000 acres in corn in 1909, their aggregate acreage being nearly 42,000,000, or over two- fifths of the total corn acreage of the United States. The distribution of the com acreage of 1909 among the states is shown by the map on page 384. In the United States as a whole corn occupies about one-fifth of the improved land in farms, this propor- tion being exceeded in each of the five principal agri- cultural divisions. In the five states mentioned above corn occupies more than one-fourth of the improved land in farms, while in Illinois it occupies more than one- third and in Iowa almost one-third. Table 23 shows that by far the most extensive change in the acreage of corn during the decade from 1899 to 1909 was in the West South Central division, where the area harvested increased 3,731,000 acres, or 33.4 per cent, almost all of this increase taking place in the single state of Oklahoma. It may be noted also that the gain in this state is equivalent to 98.4 per cent of the entire net increase in the total corn acreage of the United States. For the Mountain division a very high percentage of increase is recorded, though the acreage is still small. A marked relative decrease is shown for the New England and Middle Atlantic divisions, but in neither is the production of corn very important. Among the leading com states, there were increased acreages in Minnesota, North Dakota, and South Dakota, and decreased acreages in Iowa and Missouri. The average yield for the United States was 25.9 bush- els per acre in 1909 and 28.1 bushels in 1899. Among the geographic divisions which have a considerable acreage in corn, the highest yield in 1909 was in the East North Central division and the lowest in the West South Central division. In the West North Central and West South Central divisions, which contain about one- half of the total corn acreage, the average yield in 1909 was conspicuously lower than in 1899. In the other divisions the average per acre changed but little. Among the principal com states, Kansas showed a very conspicuous falling off in average yield, and of the five states named in the table, Illinois was the only one in which the yield did not decrease. By reason of these differences in average yield per acre, the changes in the total production of the various divisions and states do not correspond very closely with the changes in acreage. Two divisions with increased acreages report a smaller production in 1909 than in 1899, and two with reduced acreages report a greater production. In each of the five states which lead in acreage both the acreage and the production decreased during the decade, but in Kansas and Nebraska the decrease in production was much more pronounced than that in acreage. The average value of corn per bushel in 1909 was $0.56, as compared with $0.31 in 1899. The divisions from which the highest average values are reported are, with the exception of the South Atlantic and East South Central divisions, those having a comparatively small acreage in com. With the great advance in average value per bushel, there was a corresponding advance in the average value per acre, though by reason of a decreased yield per acre the percentage of increase was not so great. For the crop as a whole, however, the advance in the average value per bushel, despite a diminished produc- tion, resulted in an enormous increase in aggregate value, in which every state except Vermont shared. The per capita production of corn in 1909 was 27.7 bushels, as compared with 35.1 bushels in 1899. The decreased production per capita, with the accompany- ing increase in price, has resulted in a great falling off in exports. For the year ending June 30, 1900, ex- ports amounted to 213,123,000 bushels, equal to 8 per cent of the crop of 1899, while for the year ending June 30, 1910, they amounted to only 38,128,000 bushels, or 1 .5 per cent of the crop of 1909. With the exception of the year 1908, this is the smallest proportion: of the corn crop exported in any year since 1870. Of the 1899 crop the amount remaining for home use was 2,463,000,000 bushels, while of the 1909 crop it was 2,614,000,000 bushels — the araount retained in 1909 being the greater by 61,000,000 bushels. Thus in 1899, 32.3 bushels per capita remained for home use, and in 1909, 27.3 bushels. FARM CROPS, BY STATES. CORN— ACREAGE, PRODUCTION, AND VALUE, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES: 1909 AND 1899. [A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease.) 379 *rable 23 DIViaiON OB STATE. TTnlted States Gkoqeaphio divisions; New England Middle Atlantic East North Central. West North Central, South Atlantic East South Central. West South Central, Mountain Pacific New Enoland: Maine New Hampshire. . . . Vermont Massachusetts Bhode Island Connecticut Middle Atlantic: New York New Jersey Pennsylvania East Noeih Cenieal: Ohio Indiana Illinois Michigan Wisconsin West Noeth Centkal; Minnesota Iowa , Missouri North Dakota South Dakota Nebraska Kansas , South Atlajstic: Delaware Maryland , District of Columbia Virginia West Virginia. North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Florida East South Centeal: Kentucky Tennessee Alabama Mississippi West South Centeal: Arkansas Louisiana Oklahoma Texas Mountain: Mout^pa .' Idaho Wyoming Colorado New Mexico Arizona , Utah , Nevada , Pacific: Washington. Oregon California 1909 98, 382, 665 182,065 158,664 910,191 945,297 386,984 328,268 912,067 463,991 95,248 16,213 19,814 42,887 41,755 9,679 62,717 612,442 265,441 ,1,380,671 3,916,050 4,901,054 10,045,839 1,689,596 1,457,652 2,004,068 9,229,378 7,113,953 185,122 2,037,658 7,268,057 8,109,061 188,755 647,012 426 1,860,359 676,311 2,459,457 1,565,832 3,383,061 605,771 3,436,340 3,146,348 2,672,968 2,172,612 2,277,116 1,690,830 6,914,069 6,130,052 9,614 9,194 9,268 326,559 85,999 15,605 7,267 58S 26,033 17,280 61,935 1899 94,913,673 198,377 2,434,743 21,690,260 35,529,298 12,024,742 11,713,504 11,181,133 160,211 81,406 16,856 25,694 60,633 39,131 8,149 47,914 658,652 295,258 1,480,833 3,826,013 4,499,249 10,266,336 1,501,189 1,497,474 1,441,680 9,804,076 7,423,683 62,373 1,196,381 7,335,187 8,266,018 192,025 658,010 462 1,910,085 724,646 2,720,206 1,772,057 3,477,684 569,567 3,319,257 3,374,574 2,743,360 2,276,313 2,317,742 1,343,766 12,501,945 6,017,690 3,301 4,582 1,976 85,266 41,345 11,654 11,517 680 10,483 16,992 63,930 Increase. Amount. Per ct. 3,468,992 -16,312 -276,189 319,931 415,999 -637,758 -386,236 3,730,934 303,780 13,843 -1,643 -5,880 -17,746 2,624 1,530 4,803 -146,210 -29,817 -100,162 90,037 401,805 -220,496 88,407 -39,«22 662,488 -674,698 -309,730 122,749 841,277 -69,130 -156,957 -3,270 -10,998 -36 -49,726 -48,335 -260,749 -206,225 -94,623 36,204 117,083 -228,226 -170,392 -103,701 -40,626 247,074 3,412,124 112,362 6,213 4,612 7,292 241,303 44,654 3,951 -4,250 5 15,650 288 -1,996 -8.2 -11.3 1.6 1.2 -5.3 -3.3 33.4 189.6 17.0 -9.7 -22.9 -29.3 6.7 18.8 10.0 -22.2 -10.1 -6.8 -2.1 5.9 -2.7 39.0 -5.9 -4.2 196.8 70.3 -0.9 -1.9 -1.7 -1.7 -7.i -2.6 -6.7 -9.6 -11.6 -2.7 6.4 3.5 -6.8 -6.2 -4.6 -1.8 18.4 136.4 2.2 188.2 100.7 369.0 283.0 108.0 33.9 -36.9 0.9 148.3 1.7 -3.7 2. 563, 189, 630 PRODUCTION (BUSHELS). 1909 2,666,324,370 8,238,394 69,610,602 845,298,285 996,358,997 179,611,702 210,154,917 233,402,007 7,326,043 2,288,683 648,882 916,263 1,716,133 2,029,381 398,193 2,530,642 18,116,634 18,000,731 41,494,237 157,513,300 195,496,433 390,218,676 52,906,842 49,163,034 67,897,051 341,750,460 191,427,087 4*941,162 55,558,737 180,132,807 154,651,703 4,839,548 17,911,436 12,667 38,295,141 17,119,097 34,063,531 20,871,946 39,374,569 7,023,767 83,348,024 67,682,489 30,695,737 28,428,667 37,609,544 26,010,361 94,283,407 75,498,695 274,103 318,181 176,354 4,903,304 1,164,970 298,664 169,688 20,779 563,025 451,767 1,273,901 1899 7,807,920 82,873,430 827,065,540 1,114,154,560 169,468,960 215,124,577 245,126,328 2,647,733 2,065,322 645,040 1,080,720 2,322,450 1,539,980 288,220 1,931,510 20,024,850 10,978,800 51,869,780 152,065,390 178,967,070 398,149,140 44,584,130 53,309,810 47,256,920 383,453,190 208,844,870 1,284,870 32,402,540 210,974,740 229,937,430 4,736,680 19,766,510 14,980 36,748,410 16,610,730 34,818,860 17,429,610 34,032,230 5,311,060 73,974,220 67,307,390 35,053,047 38,789,920 44,144,098 22,062,580 168,949,300 109,970,350 75,838 111,528 38,000 1,275,680 677,305 204,748 250,020 14,614 218,706 359,623 1,477,093 Increase. Amount. Per ct. -114,134,740 430,474 -13,262,828 18,232,745 -117,795,563 10,042,742 -4,969,660 -11,724,321 4,678,310 233,361 3,842 -164, 467 -607,317 489,401 109,973 599,032 -1,909,216 -978,069 -10,375,543 5,457,910 16,529,363 -7,930,464 8,322,712 -4,146,776 20,640,131 -41,702,730 -17,417,783 3,656,282 23,166,197 -30,841,933 -75,285,727 102,968 -1,855,074 -2,313 1,646,731 608,367 -755,329 3,442,336 5,342,339 1,712,717 9,373,804 375,099 -4,357,310 -10,361,253 -6,534,554 3,947,781 25,334,107 -34,471,655 198,265 206,653 138,354 3,627,624 487,665 93,916 -80,332 6,165 344,319 92,234 -203,192 -4.3 5.5 -16.0 2.2 -10.6 5.9 -2.3 -4.8 176.7 11.4 0.6 -15.2 -26.2 31.8 38.2 31.0 -9.5 -8.9 -20.0 3.6 9.2 -2.0 18.7 -7.8 43.7 -10.9 -8.3 284.6 71.5 -14.6 -32.7 2.2 -9.4 -15.4 4.2 3.1 -2.2 19.8 15.7 32.2 12.7 0.6 -12.4 -26.7 -14.8 17.9 36.7 -31.3 261.4 185.3 364.1 284.4 72.0 45.9 -32.1 42.2 157.4 25.7 -13.8 $1,438,653,919 $828, 192, 388 5,660,074 45,434,191 434,424,336 503,264,949 149,479,304 150,975,613 143,035,538 4,587,706 1,792,208 434,834 621,306 1,102,222 1,372,144 335,629 1,693,939 11,439,169 6,664,162 27,330,860 82,327,269 98,437,988 198,350,496 29,580,929 25,727,654 30,510,145 167,622,834 107,347,033 2,403,303 26,395,985 88,234,846 80,750,803 2,903,442 11,015,298 9,636 28,885,944 11,907,261 31,286,102 20,682,632 37,079,981 5,709,009 50,449,112 45,819,093 28,677,032 26,030,376 27,910,044 16,480,322 48,080,554 50,564,618 185,367 191,395 101,465 2,673,584 984,052 293,847 134,396 23,600 404,367 310,430 1,077,411 $610, 361, 631 3,976,367 35,612,050 248,570,675 286,872,473 79,406,051 93,440,189 78,023,053 1,330,780 960,850 326,824 538,738 1,180,505 771,277 164,138 994,885 9,181,782 4,533,473 21,896,795 48,037,895 51,752,946 115,075,901 17,798,011 15,905,822 11,337,105 97,297,707 61,246,305 397,278 7,263,127 51,251,213 58,079,738 1,725,452 7,462,594 6,322 16,233,756 7,698,335 17,304,407 9,149,808 17,165,868 2,669,609 29,423,996 28,059,508 17,082,751 18,873,934 17,572,170 10,327,723 1 15,698,289 34,424,871 41,626 55,880 19,569 508,488 419,936 151,564 121,872 11,845 104,263 165,693 700,894 Increase. Amount. Perct, 1,683,707 9,822,141 185,863,761 216,392,476 70,073,253 67,535,424 65,012,485 3,256,926 831,358 108,010 82,668 . -78,283 600,867 171,491 699,054 2,257,387 2,130,689 6,434,065 34,289,374 46,685,042 83,274,595 11,782,918 9,821,832 19,173,040 70,325,127 46,100,728 2,006,025 19,132,858 36,983,633 22,671,065 1,177,990 3,552,704 3,313 12,652,188 4,208,926 13,981,695 11,532,824 19,924,113 3,039,500 21,025,116 17,759,585 11,594,281 7,156,442 10,337,874 6,152,599 32,382,265 16,139,747 143,741 135,515 81,896 2,166,096 564,116 142,283 12,624 11,755 300,104 154,737 376,617 73.7 39.8 27.6 74.8 75.4 88.2 61.6 83.3 244.8 86.5 33.0 15.3 -6.6 77.9 104.5 70.3 24.6 47.0 24.8 71.4 90.2 72.4 66.2 61.8 169.1 72.3 75.3 505.0 263.4 72.2 39.0 68.3 47.6 62.4 77.9 54.7 80.8 126.0 116.1 113.9 71.5 63.3 67.9 37.9 58.8 59.6 206.3 46.9 345.3 242.5 418.5 425.8 134.3 93.9 10.3 99.2 287.8 99.4 63.7 1 Includes Indian Territory. 380 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. Wheat. — For the United States as a whole the area harvested in 1909 was 44,263,000 acres, as compared with 52,589,000 acres in 1899, a decrease of 15.8 per cent. On the other hand, the production in 1909 was 683,000,000 bushels, or 3.8 per cent greater than in 1899, when it was 659,000,000 bushels. The value of the crop of 1909 was $658,000,000, an advance of $288,000,000, or 77.8 per cent, over the value in 1899, $370,000,000. Wheat in 1909 occupied 9.3 per cent of the total improved farm land, and its value repre- sented 12 per cent of the total for all crops. Details in regard to the production of wheat in 1909 and 1899 are given in Table 25, while a summary of averages and percentages, derived mainly from this table, is given in Table 24. Table 24 acreage: 1909 AVERAGE YIELD IN BUSHELS AVERAGE VALUE PER BUSHEL AVERAGE VALUE PER ACRE DIVISION OR STATE* Per cent of United States total. Per cent of im- proved land. PEE ACRE. 1909 1899 1909 1899 1909 1899 TJnlted States... New England Middle Atlantic East North Central. West North Central. South Atlantic East South Central.. West South Central. MnnTit^jn 100.0 (') 3.6 15.9 58.4 5.1 3.0 3.5 2.9 7.6 9.3 0.1 6.6 7.9 15.7 4.6 3.0 2.7 S.l 15.2 IB. 4 23.5 18.6 17.2 14.8 11.9 11.7 11.0 23.1 17.7 12.6 18.0 14.9 12.9 12.2 9.6 9.0 11.9 19.2 15.6 $0.96 1.07 1.07 1.01 0.95 1.08 1.03 1.01 0.87 0.88 $0.56 0.89 0.68 0.63 0.62 0.72 0.66 0.53 0.48 0.49 $14. 86 25.04 19.81 17.32 14.07 12.82 12.05 11.10 20.17 16.56 $7.03 15.99 10.16 8.17 3.36 fi.80 5.80 6.32 9.24 7.66 North Dakota 18.6 13.5 7.4 7.3 40.0 20.0 16.7 20.3 14.3 13.0 17.4 14.6 13.5 10.2 14.5 10.6 .0.93 0.96 0.98 0.91 0.53 0.49 0.53 0.50 13.33 12.40 17.09 13.33 7.13 5.03 7.71 South Dakota 6.26 1 Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. Considerably more than one-half of the acreage in wheat in 1909 was found in the West North Central division. The East North Central division, which reported the next largest acreage, contained 15.9 per cent of the total, and the Pacific, which is third in rank, 7.6 per cent. The map on page 384 shows the dis- tribution of the wheat acreage among the states. Wheat occupies in the United States as a whole nearly 10 per cent of the improved land in farms, but in the West North Central and Pacific divisions the proportion exceeds 15 per cent. The proportion is in- significant in the New England division and is smaller in the southern than in the other northern divisions. The leading state in wheat production is North Dakota, with an acreage exceeding 8,000,000 and greater than that of any geographic division except the West North Central, in which the state is situated. Kansas, with nearly 6,000,000 acres of wheat, and Minnesota and South Dakota, with over 3,000,000, follow. The four states named have nearly 21,000,000 acres in wheat, or over two-fifths of the wheat acreage of the United States. ' Between 1899 and 1909 there was a gain of 778,000 acres, or 3.1 per cent, in the West North Central division and a gain about half as large in the Mountain division. In aU other divisions the acreage decreased, the greatest absolute loss being that of over 3,000,000 acres in the East North Central division. Of the 48 states reporting wheat, 37 show a loss in acreage. Among the four leading states already mentioned,. North Dakota and Kansas show conspicuous gains in acreage, but South Dakota and Minnesota show decreases, the acreage in the latter having fallen off' one-half. The average yield of wheat in 1909 was 15.4 bushels- per acre. Of the divisions with a large acreage, the West North Central had a slightly lower and the East North Central and Pacific a slightly higher yield per acre than the average for the United States. The three southern divisions fell considerably below that average. As compared with the yield of 12.5 bushels per acre in 1899, that of 1909 was considerably larger. With the exception of the West South Central division, larger yields were reported in all the divisions in 1909 than in 1899, and the same was true of each of the four leading wheat states listed in the table. In the country as a whole the increased yield per acre was sufficient to counterbalance the decrease in acreage. In the West North Central and Mountain divisions, which gained in acreage, there was a still greater gaia in production. In the other divisions, except the West South' Central, the loss in production was not so great as in acreage. In the states of North Dakota and Kansas, the percentage of increase in production was greater than that in acreage. In South Dakota the increased yield per acre caused an increase in pro- duction, although the acreage was smaller, and in Minnesota the loss in production was less pronounced than that in acreage. The average value of wheat per bushel in 1909 was $0.96* but three divisions only, the West North Central, Mountain, and Pacific, reported an average value of less than $1. This represents an enormous increase over the value in 1899, when the average for the United States was $0.56 per bushel. The average value of the wheat crop per acre more than doubled between 1899 and 1909. In each division, except the New England, East South Central, and West South Central divisions, the increase in average value per "bushel more than offset the loss in production and the total crop had a greater aggregate value in 1909 than in 1899. It may, however, be noted that 20 states show a falling^ off in the value of the wheat crop, the most notable decreases being in California, Texas, and Iowa. In 1899 the per capita production of wheat was 8.7 bushels and in 1909, 7.4 bushels. This falling off in production per capita was counterbalanced largely by a decrease in the amount exported. Wlieat imports are insignificant and may be disregarded. In the year- ending June 30, 1900, there was exported in the form of wheat and flour the equivalent of 186,097,000 bushels, or 28.3 per cent of the crop of 1899. Ten years later the exports were only 87,364,000 bushels, or 12.8 per cent of the crop of 1909. For home consump- tion there remained of the crop of 1899, 472,437,000- bushels, or 6.2 bushels per capita, as compared with. 596,015,000 bushels, or 6.5 bushels per capita, retained of the crop of 1909. FARM CROPS, BY STATES. WHEAT— ACREAGE, PRODUCTION, AND VALUE, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES: 1909 AND 1899. [A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease.] 381 Table 25 DIVISION OB STATE. TJiUted states. 44,263,592 ■Geogkaphio divisions: New England Middle Atlantic East North Central . . West North Central . . South Atlantic East South Central... West South Central . . Mountain Pacific New England: Maine New Haiapshlie Vermont Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut Middle Atlantic: New York New Jersey Pennsylvania East Nokth Centeal: Ohio Indiana Illinois Michigan Wisconsin West North Cbntbal: Minnesota Iowa Missouri North Dakota South Dakota Nebraska Kansas South Atlantic: Delaware Maryland District o( Columbia . Virginia West Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Florida East South Centkal: Kentucky Tennessee Alabama Mississippi West South Centeal: Arkansas Louisiana Oklahoma Texas Mountain: Montana Idaho Wyoming Colorado New Mexico Arizona Utah Nevada Pacific : Washington Oregon California 1,598,326 7,038,364 26,863,556 2, 241, 345 1,315,243 1,556,087 1,285,360 3,359,419 1909 52,688,674 9,237 2,204,350 10,410,893 25,085,308 3,368,872 2,987,483 2,934,687 942,858 4,644,886 3,407 70 678 109 13 616 289,130 83,637 1,225,558 1,827,932 2,082,835 2,185,091 802, 137 140,369 3,276,911 526, 777 2,017,128 8,188,782 3, 217, 255 2,662,918 5,073,785 111,215 692,907 209,315 501,912 43,028 93,065 10 681,323 619,861 13,665 394 60,426 65 1,169,420 326, 176 258,377 399, 234 41,968 340, 729 32,341 20,028 178,423 14,260 2,118,015 763,187 478,217 1899 6,667 271 1,796 95 15 667,736 132,571 1,514,043 3,209,074 2,893,293 1,826,143 1,925,769 566,814 6,560,707 1,689,705 2,056,219 4,451,251 3,984,669 2,538,949 3,803,818 118,740 634,446 17 927,266 447,928 746,984 174,245 319,161 85 1,431,027 1,426,112 123,897 6,447 379,453 214 1,527,073 1,027,947 92,132 266,305 19, 416 294,949 37,907 24,377 189,235 18,637 1,088,102 873,379 2,683,405 Increase. Amount. -8,325,982 -4,344 -606,025 -3,372,529 778,248 -1,127,627 -1,672,240 -1,378,600 342,502 -1,286,467 -3,260 -201 -1,118 14 -2 223 -268,606 -48, 934 -288,485 -1,381,142 -810,458 358,948 -1,123,632 -416, 245 -3,283,796 -1,162,928 -39,091 3,737,531 -767,404 123,969 2,169,967 -7,525 -44,553 -17 -234,359 -238,613 -246,072 -131,217 -226,096 -75 -749,704 -806,251 -110,232 -6,053 -319,027 -149 -357,653 -701,771 166,245 132,929 22,552 45,780 -5,666 -4,349 -10,812 -4,277 1,029,913 -110,192 -2,205,188 Per ct. -15.8 -47.0 -27.5 -32.4 3.1 -33.5 -56.0 -47.0 36.3 -27.7 -48.9 -74.2 -62.2 0) (■) 66.7 -48.2 -36.9 -19.1 -43.0 -28.0 19.7 -58.3 -74.8 -50.1 -68.8 -1.9 84.0 -19.3 4.9 57.0 -6.3 -7.0 -26.3 -53.3 -32.8 -75.3 -70.8 (') -52.4 -66.5 -89.0 -93.9 -84.1 -69.6 -23.4 -68.3 180.4 49.9 116.2 15.6 -14.7 -17.8 -5.7 -23.1 94.7 -12.6 -82.2 PEODUCTION (BUSHELS). 1909 683,379,259 114,998 29,717,833 121,097,675 384,092,121 28,650,768 15,374,422 17,096,127 29,854,968 69,580,347 85,119 1,311 14,087 2,404 208 11,869 6,664,121 1,489,233 21,664,479 30,663,704 33,935,972 37,830,732 16,025,791 2,641,476 57,094,412 8,065,944 29, 837, 429 116,781,886 47,059,590 47,685,746 77,577,115 1,643,572 9,463,457 8,076,989 2,576,996 3,827,146 310, 614 752,858 137 8,739,260 6,516,539 113,953 4,670 626,414 488 14,008,334 2,560,891 6,251,945 10,237,609 738, 698 7,224,057 499, 799 362,875 3,943,910 396,075 40,920,390 12,456,751 6,203,206 1899 658,534,252 166,125 32,947,945 134,698,890 306,602,028 31,902,867 26,854,642 35,046,935 18,084,360 72,230,570 116,720 4,035 34,650 1,760 310 8,660 10,412,676 1,902,690 20,632,680 50,376,800 34,986,280 19,795,500 20,636,140 9,006,170 95,278,660 22,769,440 23,072,768 69,888,810 41,889,380 24,924,620 38,778,450 1,870,570 9,671,800 410 8,907,510 4,326,150 4,342,351 1,017,319 1,766,947 800 14,264,600 11,924,010 628,775 37,267 2,449,970 2,346 a 20, 328, 300 12,266,320 1,899,683 5,340,180 348,890 5,687,770 603,303 440,252 3,413,470 450,812 21,187,527 14,508,636 36,534,407 Increase. Amount. Per ct. 24, 845, 007 -51,127 -3,230,112 -13,801,215 77,490,093 -5,262,089 -11,480,120 -17,950,808 11,570,608 -12,650,223 -31,601 -2,724 -20,563 654 -102 3,209 -3,748,554 -413,357 931, 799 -19,713,096 -1,050,308 18,036,232 -4,609,349 -6,363,694 -38, 184, 248 -14, 713, 496 6,764,681 56,893,076 6,170,210 22,781,225 38,798,665 -208,343 -410 -830,621 -1,760,154 -515,208 -706,705 -1,013,089 -663 -5,525,240 -5,407,471 -614,822 -32,587 -1,923,556 -1,857 -6,319,968 -9,705,429 4,352,262 4,897,429 389,808 1,636,287 -103,504 -77,377 530,440 -64, 737 19,732,863 -2,051,885 -30,331,201 3.8 -9.8 -10.1 26.3 -18.5 -42.7 -51.2 64.0 -17.5 -27.1 -87.6 -69.3 37.4 -32.9 37.1 -36.0 -21.7 4.5 -39.1 -3.0 91.1 -22.0 -70.7 -40.1 -64.6 29.3 95.0 12.3 91.3 100.0 -12.1 -2.2 -9.3 -40.6 -11.9 -69.6 -67.4 -38.7 -45.3 -81.9 -87.5 -78.5 -79.2 -31.1 -79.1 229.1 91.7 110.8 29.3 -17.2 -17.8 15.5 -12.1 93.1 -14.1 -83.0 1909 $657, 656, 801 122, 532 31,666,041 121,885,650 363,923,162 28,725,004 15,851,025 17,278,603 25,930,396 52,275,389 91,554 1,406 14,279 2,515 211 12,667 7,176,623 1,668,880 22,920,638 31,112,975 33,593,141 38,000,712 16,586,868 2,591,964 56,007,435 7,703,205 29,926,209 109,129,869 42,878,223 44,225,930 74,052,291 1,897,539 9, 876, 480 8,778,081 2,697,141 4,420,322 386,835 871,494 132 8,812,469 6,913,335 120,873 4,348 632,712 608 13,864,322 2,891,061 5,329,389 8,412,587 644,261 6,463,926 508, 728 410,214 3,765,017 396,286 35,102,370 10,849,036 6,323,983 1899 $369,946,320 147,742 22,393,223 85,051,479 159,281,260 22,903,064 17,339,440 18,547,956 8,715,618 36,665,648 107,398 3,428 29,078 1,615 245 6,080 7,332,597 1,347,650 13,712,976 32,865,834 22,228,916 11,929,458 12,921,925 6,116,346 60,801,948 11,457,808 13,520,012 31, 733, 763 20,957,917 11,877,347 19,132,455 1,247,055 6,484,088 349 6,181,000 3,040,314 3,463,726 968, 158 1,647,773 601 8,923,760 7,882,697 502,240 30,743 1,383,916 1,888 no, 110, 676 7,051,477 1,077,210 2,131,953 191,195 2,809,370 390,618 278, 639 1,675,064 263,471 9,028,209 6,358,395 20,179,044 Increase. Amount. Per ct. $287,711,481 -26,210 9,271,818 38,834,171 204,841,912 6,821,940 -1,488,415 -1,269,363 17,214,877 16,709,741 -15,842 —2,022 -14, 799 1,000 -34 6,487 -157,074 221,230 9,207,662 -1,742,869 11,364,226 26,071,254 3,664,943 -2,533,392 5,405,487 -3,764,603 16,406,197 77,396,106 21,920,306 32,348,583 64,919,836 450,484 3,392,392 -349 2,615,061 -343, 173 956,598 -572,323 -676,279 -111,291 -969,362 -381,367 -26,395 -851,204 -1,380 3, 743, 647 -4,160,416 4,262,179 6,280,834 453,056 3, 664, 558 118, 110 133,675 2,189,953 132,814 26,074,161 4,490,641 -13,856,061 77.8 -17.1 41.4 43.3 128.5 25.4 -8.6 -6.8 197.6 47.0 -14.8 -69.0 -50.9 66.0 -13.9 106.7 -2.1 16.4 67.1 -5.3 61.1 218.6 28.4 -49.5 10.7 -32.8 121.3 243.9 104.6 272.4 287.0 36.1 62.3 42.4 -11.3 27.6 -69.7 —43.7 -78.0 -1.2 -12.3 -76.9 -85.9 -61.6 -73.1 37.0 -59.0 394.7 294.6 235.4 130.1 30.2 48.3 139.0 50.4 288.8 70.6 -68.7 1 Per cent not calculated where base is less than 100. 2 Includes Indian Territory. 382 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. Oats. — The acreage of oats harvested in the United States increased from 29,540,000 in 1899 to 35,159,000 in 1909, or 19 per cent, while the production increased 6.8 per cent, from 943,000,000 bushels in 1899 to 1,007,000,000 bushels in 1909. The value of the crop, however, which was $217,000,000 in 1899, was $415,000,000 in 1909, or 91 per cent greater. The acreage of oats in 1909 was 7.3 per cent of the total improved farm acreage, and their value 7.6 per cent of the total for all crops. Detailed figures concerning the production of oats ia 1909 and 1899 are given in Table 27, and a summary of the averages and percent- ages for the geographic divisions and leading states, derived mainly from this table, is presented in Table 26. The map on page 385 shows how the acreage of oats is distributed among the states. Table 26 ACHEAGE : 1909 AVERAGE YIELD IN BUSHELS PEE AVERAGE VALUE PER AVERAGE VALUE PEE DIVISION OB STATE. Per 1 Per ACRE. United States total. im- proved land. 1909 1899 1909 1899 1909 1899 ITnited States... New England Middle Atlantic East North Central. West North Central. South Atlantic East South Central.. West South Central. 100.0 0.6 7.2 31.9 44.7 3.9 2.5 3.6 3.3 2.3 7.3 3.1 8.6 12.6 9.6 2.8 2.0 2.2 7.3 3.6 28.6 32.9 25. S 33.3 27.5 15.5 13.4 21.4 34.9 35.3 31.9 35.9 30.9 37.4 32.0 11.7 11.1 25.8 30.4 31.4 ?0.41 0.55 0.51 0.40 0.38 0.63 0.56 0.47 0.48 0.48 $0.23 0.35 0.31 0.22 0.21 0.39 0.36 0.23 0.38 0.33 $11.79 18.04 13.15 13.27 10.35 9.78 7.61 10.00 16.90 16.91 $7.36 12.72 9.50 8.12 6.60 4.63 3.88 5.83 11.41 PfV-ifin 10 23 13.2 11.9 8.5 6.7 6.2 6.1 15.8 14.9 15.2 9.7 18.2 10.5 27.5 36.0 31.5 22.6 33.0 30.7 35.9 39.5 33.6 30.1 35.5 28.3 0.38 0.40 0.36 0.36 0.40 0.37 0.20 0.21 0.21 0.20 0.21 0.26 10.54 14.29 11.43 8.22 13.24 11.23 7.08 Illinois 8 09 MiTinp-qntA . 7 19 5.89 Wisconsin 7.58 North Dakota 7.50 Of the total acreage of oats, 44.7 per cent was re- ported from the West North Central division and 31.9 per cent from the East North Central. In the latter, oats occupy about one-eighth, in. the former somewhat less than one-tenth, of the improved land in farms. They are also a crop of some importance in the Middle Atlantic division, in which they occupy about one- twelfth of the improved land in farms. The leading state in the acreage of oats in 1909 was Iowa, with 4,655,000 acres, closely followed by Illinois, with 4,176,000. Minnesota, Nebraska, Wisconsin, and North Dakota, ranking in the order named, also had each more than 2,000,000 acres in oats. These six leading states had together over 18,000,000 acres of oats in 1909, or more than one-half of the acreage for the whole country. Comparing 1909 with 1899, the Middle Atlantic and West South Central divisions show an aggregate loss of 257,000 acres, but an aggregate gain of 5,876,000 acres was reported for the remaining divisions, or a net gain of 5,620,000, or 19 per cent, for the whole country. The greatest absolute gain — over 3,600,000 acres — was in the West North Central division, but larger relative increases occurred in the Mountain and Pacific divisions. Among the states. North Dakota shows an increase of over 1,300,000 acres. A gain of more than 500,000 acres each is also reportedf or South Dakota, Minnesota, Ohio, and Indiana. Of the six states named above as leading in the acreage of oats, three — Iowa, Illinois, and Wisconsin — show decreases for th& decade, while increases took place in the remainder. The average yield in 1909 of 28.6 bushels per acre for the country as a whole was exceeded in the East North Central division, but was not attained by the West North Central division, nor by the Middle Atlantic division. Of the divisions where the acreage of oats is less important, the New England, Mountain, and Pacific divisions exceeded this average, while the remainder fell below it. For the United States as a whole the average yield per acre in 1909 was somewhat below that of 1899. This was true also of the three divisions with the largest acreage and of the New England and West South Central divisions, but in the other divisions the average yield in 1909 was greater than in 1899. There was in the United States as a whole a some- what larger crop of oats in 1909 than in 1899. TwO' divisions which lost in acreage had also a smaller pro- duction, while two othei's showed a diminished produc- tion in combination with an increase in acreage. Among the remaining divisions, the rate of increase in production was considerably less than that in acre- age in the West North Central division, which produced over two-fifths of the entire crop, but in the divisions- with a smaller production the crop increased more rapidly than the acreage. Among the several states, the largest gain in the production of oats was in North Dakota, where the crop of 1909 was nearly three times as great as that of 1899., A considerable gain was also made in Minnesota, but in the other states; which have been noted as leading in acreage there was a diminished production, especially in Iowa, the first on the list as measured by acreage. The average Value per bushel of the oat crop was $0.41 in 1909, as compared with $0.23 in 1899, an ad- vance of 78.3 per cent. As is frequently the case, the average values are somewhat higher in the divisions with relatively small production than in those with large production. All divisions, however, show a marked advance for 1909 as compared with 1899. By reason of the smaller yield per acre the value of the crop per acre did not increase in the same proportion as the average value per bushel. As a result of the increased acreage in the country as a whole, however^ there was an increase in the aggregate value of the crop, amounting to 91 per cent. This increase is shared by all divisions, though, as already noted, some show a decrease in acreage and some a decrease in production. The effect of the change in value is particularly noticeable in the case of the state of Iowa, which leads in the acreage of oats. In the 10 years the acreage in that state remained practically stationary, the pro- duction fell off nearly one-fourth, but the value of the crop increased nearly one-half. FARM CROPS, BY STATES. OATS— ACREAGE, PRODUCTION, AND VALUE, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES: 1909 AND 1899. [A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease.] 383 Table 37 DIVISION OR STATE. TTnlted States Geoqbaphic divisions: New England Middle Atlantic East North Central.. West North Central. South Atlantic East South Central.. West South Central. Mountain Paciflo New England: Maine New Hampshire Vermont Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut Middle Atlantic: New York New Jersey Peimsylvania East North Central: Ohio Indiana Illinois Michigan Wisconsin West North Central: Minnesota Iowa Missouri North Dakota South Dakota Nebraska Kansas South Atlantic: Delaware Maryland District of Columbia. Virginia West Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Florida East South Central: Kentucky Tennessee Alabama Mississippi West South Central: Arkansas Louisiana Oklahoma Texas Mountain: Montana Idaho Wyoming Colorado New Mexico Arizona Utah Nevada Pacific: Washington Oregon California 1909 36,159,441 223,221 618,886 225, 445 710, 495 368,832 870,762 276,534 164,204 801,082 29,539,698 212,737 2,579,559 10,087,121 12,109,758 1,268,061 855,842 1,472,449 412,190 541,981 120,991 10,860 71,510 7,927 1,726 10,207 1,302,508 72,130 1,144,248 1,787,496 1,667,818 4,176,485 1,429,076 2,164,570 2,977,258 4,655,154 1,073,325 2,147,032 1,568,643 2,365,774 933,309 4,226 49,210 13 204,455 103,758 228,120 324,180 411,664 43,206 174,315 342,086 257,276 97,086 197,449 29,711 609,373 440,001 333,195 302,783 124,035 275,948 33,707 5,867 80,816 7,853 269,742 339,162 192,158 1899 108,661 12,589 73,372 6,702 1,530 9,883 1,329,753 75,959 1,173,847 1,115,149 1,017,385 4,570,034 1,019,438 2,365,115 2,201,325 4,695,391- 916, 178 780,517 691,167 1,924,827 900,353 5,247 44,625 42 275,394 99, 433 270,876 222,544 318,433 31,467 316,590 235,313 216,873 87,066 280,115 28,033 2 317,076 847,225 133,938 64,739 26,892 120,952 16,848 1,641 43,394 4,786 126,841 261,406 153,734 Increase. Amount. Per ct. 10,484 -60,673 1,138,324 3,600,737 100,771 14,920 -195,915 752,014 269,081 12,330 -1,729 -1,862 1,225 196 324 -27,245 -3,829 -29,599 672,347 650,433 -393,549 409,638 -200,545 775,933 -40,237 157,147 1,366,515 867,476 440,947 32,966 -1,021 4,585 -29 -70,939 4,325 -42,756 101,636 93,231 11,739 -142,275 106,773 40,403 10,019 -82,666 1,678 292,297 -407,224 199,257 238,044 97,143 164,996 17,869 4,226 37,422 3,067 142,901 77,766 38,424 19.0 5.0 -2.4 11.3 29.7 7.9 1.7 -13.3 182.4 47.8 11.3 -13.7 -2.5 18.3 12.8 -2.0 -5.0 -2.5 60.3 63.9 -8.6 40.2 -8.5 35.2 -0.9 17.2 175.1 126.5 22.9 3.7 -19.6 10.3 (') -26.8 4.3 -16.8 45.7 29.3 37.3 -44.9 46.4 18.6 11.6 -29.6 6.0 92.2 -48.1 148.8 367.7 361.2 128.1 112.7 267.5 86.2 64.1 112.7 29.7 25.0 production (bushels). 1909 1,007,148,980 7,350,601 64,344,715 373,803,573 432,660,477 21,206,000 11,646,687 27,273,695 40,604,265 28,252,977 4,232,309 3§6,419 2,141,357 268,500 48,212 273,804 34,795,277 1,376,762 28,172,686 57,591,046 50,607,913 150,386,074 43,869,602 71,349,038 93,897,717 128,198,055 24,828,501 66,886,702 43,565,676 63,360,185 22,923,641 98,239 1,160,663 376 2,884,495 1,728,806 2,782,608 6,746,291 6,199,243 606,380 2,406,064 4,720,692 3,251,146 1,268,785 3,212,891 420,033 16,606,154 7,034,617 13,806,736 11,328,106 3,361,426 7,642,866 720,560 189,312 3,221,289 334,973 13,228,003 10,881,286 4,143,688 1899 943, 389, 375 7,643,175 79,630,320 377,300,565 386,978,611 14,874,888 9,480,025 37,927,478 12,519,663 17,034,670 3,799,436 497,110 2,742,140 240,990 47,120 316,380 40,785,900 1,601,610 37,242,810 42,050,910 ■ 34,665,070 180,306,630 36,338,145 84,040,800 74,054,160 168,364,170 20,545,360 22,125,331 19,412,490 68,007,140 24,469,980 131,960 1,109,660 620 3,269,430 1,833,840 2,454,768 2,661,670 3,116,610 297,430 4,009,830 2,725,330 1,882,060 862,805 3,909,000 316,070 29,511,740 24,100,668 4,746,231 1,956,498 763,370 3,080,130 342,777 43,246 1,436,225 151,176 6,336,486 6,726,828 4,972,366 Amount. Per ct. 63,763,605 -292,574 -15,285,606 -3,49g,982 46,681,866 6,331,112 2,166,662 -10,653,783 28,084,602 11,218,307 432,874 -110,691 -600,783 27,510 1,092 -42,576 -5,990,623 -224,858 -9,070,124 16,640,136 16,042,843 -29,919,666 7,531,357 -12,691,762 19,843,567 -40,166,115 4,283,161 43,761,371 24,153,186 -4,646,965 -1,546,339 -33,721 , 61,103 -245 -384,936 -105,034 327,740 3,083,621 3,083,633 . 308,950 -1,603,766 1,995,362 1,369,086 405,980 -696,109 103,963 7,094,414 -17,156,061 9,059,504 9,371,608 2,698,056 4,662,725 377, 783 146,066 1,785,064 183,797 7,891,617 4,165,458 -828,668 -3.8 -19.2 -0.9 11.8 42.6 22.9 -28.1 224.3 65.9 11.4 -22.3 -21.9 11.4 2.3 -13.5 -14.7 -14.0 -24.4 37.0 46.4 -16.6 20.7 -16.1 26.8 -23.9 20.8 197.8 124.4 -8.0 -6.3 -25.6 4.6 -39.5 -11.8 -5.7 13.4 115.9 99.0 103.9 -40.0 73.2 72.7 47.1 -17.8 32.9 74.6 -70.9 190.9 479.0 340.4 148.1 110.2 337.7 124.3 121.6 147.9 61.8 -16.7 $414,697,422 $217,098,684 $197,698,838 1909 4,027,338 33,111,736 149,004,329 162,647,073 13,388,678 6,636,286 12,764,241 19,673,773 13,645,068 2,293,947 216,938 1,169,223 167,381 28,661 161,188 17,977,165 712,609 14,421,972 23,212,352 18,928,706 59,693,819 18,506,195 28,663,257 34,023,389 49,046,888 10,263,990 24,114,345 16,044,785 19,443,670 9,720,106 51,022 584,395 165 1,609,973 912,388 1,741,561 3,809,345 4,236,625 443,104 1,216,187 2,378,464 2,117,703 822,932 1,641,752 260,683 7,172,267 3,699,634 6,148,021 6,067,061 . 1,828,711 4,177,267 459,306 130,384 1,671,066 191,968 6,870,857 6,037,164 2,637,047 1899 2,706,249 24,615,326 81,881,022 79,970,336 5,869,687 3,317,185 8,690,119 4,704,766 5,644,894 1,374,673 184,025 941,711 84,850 16,631 103,469 12,929,092 492,341 11,093,893 10,236,251 7,468,682 36,990,019 9,264,386 17,931,686 15,829,804 33,254,987 4,669,185 5,852,616 4,114,456 11,333,393 4,915,896 43,337 340,475 206 1,103,616 637,176 991,616 1,226,576 1,383,758 143,028 1,247,928 887,940 797,684 383,633 1,263,101 117,312 21,968,915 6,240,791 1,790,938 702,956 292,630 1,121,745 154,347 21,144 553,847 67,160 1,765,547 2,078,950 1,700,397 Increase. Amount. Perct. 1,322,089 8,596,410 67,123,307 82,676,737 7,518,891 3,218,101 4, 174, 122 14,969,007 8,000,174 919,374 32,913 227,612 72,531 12,030 57,729 5,048,063 220,268 3,328,079 12,976,101 11,470,024 22,703,800 9,241,810 10,731,672 18,193,685 16,791,901 5,584,806 18,261,730 11,930,329 8,110,177 4,804,210 7,686 243,920 -41 806,357 275,212 760,045 2,582,770 2,862,867 300,076 -31,741 1,490,524 1,320,019 439,299 378,651 133,276 5,203,352 -1,641,157 4,367,083 4,364,096 1,536,081 3,0.55,522 304,959 109,240 1,117,218 124,808 4,106,310 2,968,214 936,650 91.0 48.9 35.1 82.0 103.4 128.1 97.0 48.6 318.2 144.3 66.9 17.9 24.2 85.5 72.3 55.8 39.0 44.7 30.0 126.8 153.8 61.4 99.8 59.8 114.9 47.5 119.6 312.0 290.0 71.6 97.7 17.7 71.6 -19.9 46.9 43.2 75.6 210.6 206.2 209.8 -2.5 167.9 165.5 114.5 30.0 113.6 264.3 -29.4 243.3 620.8 524.9 272.4 197.6 616.6 201.7 186.8 232.5 142.3 55.1 1 Per cent not calculated where base is less than 100. 2 Includes Indian Territory. 384 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. CORN. ACREAGE, BY STATES: 1909. N- OAK. O — . j S-OAK. « « •• MINN. • •• O •• •«Z*IOV>A< •.• • • m9.9.9.9.s 9 400,000 acres. ^-■ 9 300,000 to 400,000 acres. 9 200,000 to 300,000 acres. O 100,000 to 200,000 acres. V^ O Less than 100,000 acres. The heavy lines {^) show geographic divisions. • • • KANS, • • ' "10- I OKLA. i ••••• • TEXAS 9 WHEAT. ACREAGE, BY STATES: 1909. FARM CROPS, BY STATES. 385 OATS. ACREAGE, BY STATES: 1909. 9 400,000 acres. 9 300,000 to 400,000 acres. 3 200,000 to 300,000 acres. O 100,000 to 200,000 acres. O Less than 100,000 acres The heavy lines (^) show geographic divisions. HAY AND FORAGE. ACREAGE, BY STATES: 1909. 72497°— 13 25 386 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. Minor cereals. — ^The minor cereals occupy only 7.1 per cent of the entire acreage devoted to cereals in the United States. Statistics are given for each in Tables 28 to 33. Barley. — Of the minor cereals, barley (Table 28), which occupies 4 per cent of the entire cereal acreage of the United States, is by far the most important. Of the aggregate barley acreage of 7,698,706, considerably more than one-half was found in the West North Central division. Other divisions where this is an important crop are the Pacific and the East North Central, the three divisions named containing together 94.1 per cent of the total acreage in 1909. Four states, Min- nesota, North Dakota, California, and South Dakota, ranking in the order named, have an acreage in excess of 1,000,000 each, and together contain more than two- thirds of the total for the whole country. Large acre- ages are also reported for Wisconsin and Iowa. The acreage in barley was larger in 1909 than in 1899 by 3,228,510 acres, or 72.2 per cent. Almost three- fourths of this increase was reported from the West North Central division, where the acreage more than doubled during the period. The percentage of increase in the Mountain division was greater than in any other. Only in divisions of small acreage was there a decrease. In the three divisions which led in acreage there was an increase in the acreage of every state except Ohio and Iowa. The crop of 1909, 173,000,000 bushels, exceeded that of 1899, 120,000,000 bushels, by 44.9 per cent, the average yield per acre being 22.5 bushels in 1909 and 26.8 bushels in 1899. The increase in production in 1909 over 1899 for the country as a whole was there- fore somewhat less relatively than the increase in acreage. The same statement is true for each of the divisions which are prominent in the production of bar- ley, but in some of the less important divisions the increase in production was greater than that in acre- age. Divisions with a decreased acreage had also a decreased production. In the three divisions which led in production all the states, with the exception of Ohio, Iowa, Indiana, and Nebraska, show increases in production. The value of the crop in 1909, $92,459,000 (equal to 1.7 per cent of the total value of crops) was more than twice as great as in 1899, the average value per bushel increasing from 35 to 53 cents, or 51.4 per cent, and the average value per acre from $9.31 to $12.01, or 29 per cent. In the New England, Middle Atlantic, and West South Central divisions there was a decrease in total value, but it was considerably less relatively than that in either acreage or production. Rye. — Judged by acreage, rye (Table 29) is somewhat less than one-third as important as barley. Of the 2,195,561 acres in rye in the United States in 1909 about three-fourths were located east of the Mississippi River. The leading division in acreage is the East North Central, theMiddle Atlanticrankingnext. There is, however, almost no difference in the acreage of the West North Central and the Middle Atlantic divisions. The leading states in the acreage of rye are Michigan, Wisconsin, Pennsylvania, and Minnesota, in the order named. Together these four states reported in 1909 nearly 1,300,000 acres, or more than one-half of the area devoted to rye in the United States. The increase in the acreage of rye in 1909 as com- pared with 1899 amounted to 6.9 per cent. Five divi- sions, including two with a considerable acreage of this crop — the Middle Atlantic and the West North Central — show decreases, whUe increases occurred in four divisions. The gain was conspicuous in the prin- cipal rye producing section, the East North Central, where it amounted to 43.2 per cent. A much larger percentage of increase is shown for the Mountain divi- sion, but the absolute gain in acreage was less than one- tenth as large. Of the four leading states, Michigan and Minnesota more than doubled their rye acreage, but Wisconsin and Pennsylvania both show a decrease. The production in 1909, 29,520,000 bushels, was 15.5 per cent greater than in 1899, indicating, in connection with the increase of only 6.9 per cent in acreage, a greater yield per acre for the crop as a whole (13.4 bushels in 1909 and 12.4 in 1899) . The divisions which lost in acreage had also, with the exception of the West North Central division, a smaller production. The value of the rye crop in 1909, $20,422,000, rep- resented 0.4 per cent of the total value of crops. It was nearly two-thirds greater than in 1 899 . While five divisions had a diminished acreage and four a decreased production, there were only two in which the value of the crop was smaller in 1909 than in 1899. The aver- age value per bushel increased from 48 to 69 cents, and the average value per acre from $5.98 to $9.30. Buckwheat. — Buckwheat (Table 30) has a much smaller area of cultivation than the cereals thus far considered. There were 878,000 acres harvested in the United States in 1909, of which the region east of the Mississippi contained 96.9 per cent. The Middle Atlantic states had about two-thirds of the total acre- age reported for buckwheat, this being almost equally divided between New York and Pennsylvania. The increase in the area harvested in 1909 as compared with 1899 was over 70,000 acres, more than one-half of which was in the Middle Atlantic division. The New England and West North Central divisions lost in acreage but all others gained, the most significant increase being that in the South Atlantic division, amounting to 29,322 acres, or 52.8percent. Pennsyl- vania shows an increase of 17.2 per cent in the acreage of buckwheat and New York a decrease of 1 .2 per cent. FARM CROPS, BY STATES. 387 The production of 1909 amounted to 14,849,000 bushels, which was 32.2 per cent more than that of 1899. The increase in production was relatively greater than that in acreage, and New England was the only division reporting a smaller production in 1909 than in 1899. Measured by production, New York appears as the leading state, showing a gain of 49.2 per cent in this respect, despite a slight loss in acreage. The crop of 1909, valued at $9,331,000, was nearly two-thirds greater in value than that of 1899. In 1909 the average yield per acre was 16.9 bushels; the average value per bushel, 63 cents; and the average value per acre, $10.63. Emmer and spelt. — Emmer and spelt (Table 31) are old grains known to the ancient world and still in use as a food crop in parts of Europe and Asia. Nearly all the "emmer and spelt" reported is emmer, spelt being cultivated in only a few scattered localities. These grains are, botanically, species of wheat, but commercially they are more closely related to the other cereals, since they are used as food for stock. More- over, the price per bushel of emmer and spelt cor- responds much more nearly to that of corn or oats than to that of wheat. No regular statistics of these crops were gathered in 1900. Emmer and spelt are considered good crops for dry farming, and like kafir corn have been introduced principally in the districts of comparatively light rainfall, though on account of the heavy yield and the value of the grains as feed for stock, they are sown in parts of the grain region in which com is not an established crop. The area of emmer and spelt harvested in 1909 was 573,622 acres, the pVoduction 12,703,000 bushels, and the value $5,584,000. The average production per acre was thus 22.1 bushels; the average value per bushel, 44 cents; and the average value per acre, $9.73. Of the total acreage, the West North Central divi- sion reported 522,487 acres, or 91.1 per cent; the Mountain, 18,644; the East North Central, 14,941; and the West South Central, 13,295. Of the total produc- tion in 1909, 11,673,000 bushels, or 91.9 per cent, were reported from the West North Central division; 407,000 bushels from the Mountain division; and 372,000 bushels from the East North Central division. The state having the largest acreage in 1909 was South Dakota, with 259,611 acres, or 45.3 per cent of the total area harvested, while North Dakota came next with 101,144 acres, or 17.6 per cent of the total — the combined acreage for the two Dakotas representing over three-fifths of the total area in this crop. The states ranking next in acreage were Nebraska, Kansas, Minnesota, and Colorado. Eafir com and milo maize. — Statistics for kafir com and milo maize (Table 32) were first obtained by the Census Bureau in 1900. The acreage in 1899 was about one-third as great as that of buckwheat, but in 1909 it was almost twice as large. Kafir corn and milo maize are cereals belonging to the millet family. They are grown extensively in Africa and somewhat in Asia, the grain being used for food. In this country they have made great headway as dry- farming crops and are being introduced more gen- erally in sections of light rainfall. The grains are here used primarily for feeding live stock, although to a limited extent they are ground for flour. Aside from the use made of the grain, the stalks, if cut before- they are entirely ripe, make a valuable fodder. Of the 1,635,153 acres in kafitr corn and mUo maize in 1909, over 1,000,000 acres were in the two states of Texas and Oklahoma and nearly 400,000 acres in Kansas. The only other considerable acreages were in New Mexico and CaUfornia. The acreage harvested was more than six times as great m 1909 as in 1899. In 1899 over one-half the crop was harvested in the state of Kansas, but the recent extension of the cultivation of these cereals in Texas and Oklahoma has placed those states at the head of the list. The production tacreased from 6,169,000 bushels in 1899 to 17,597,000 bushels in 1909. The rate of increase was only half as rapid as that in acreage, the yield per acre, which was 19.4 bushels in 1899, being only 10.8 bushels in 1909. The decrease in yield per acre is due mainly to the fact that the crops are becom- ing popular in regions of comparatively light rainfall where the yield is normally small. In 1909 the aver- age value per bushel was 61 cents and the average value per acre $6.62. — ~ i Rice. — The area devoted to the cultivation of rice (Table 33) in 1909 was 610,175 acres, located almost exclusively in the West South Central division. Lou- isiana, with 317,518 acres, and Texas, with 237,586 acres, far exceed any other state or any other division in acreage. A small acreage only is reported for the East South Central division, and 27,080 acres for the South Atlantic division. During the decade the area devoted to rice cultiva- tion increased 267,961 acres, or 78.3 per cent. There was a great loss in acreage in the South Atlantic division, but this was much more than counter- balanced by the great gain in the West South Central division, the principal rice producing area. The production of rough rice in 1909 was 21,839,000 bushels, and the value $16,020,000. The increase in both production and value between 1899 and 1909 was more rapid than that in acreage, and shows about the same distribution as respects the two producing areas, the South Atlantic and the West South Central divisions. 388 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. BARLEY— ACREAGE, PRODUCTION, AND VALUE, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES: 1909 AND 1899. [A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease.] Table 28 ACEEAQE. PBODVCTION (bushels). VALUE. DIVISION OB STATE. 1909 1899 - Increase. 1909 1899 Increase. 1909 1899 Increase. Amount. ] ='er cent. Amount. Per cent. Amount. Per cent. TJnlted States 7,698,706 4,470,196 3,228,510 72.2 173,344,213 119,634,877 63,709,335 44.9 $92,458,571 $41,631,762 $50,826,809 122.1 Geogkaphic divisions: 16,242 87,733 1,007,102 4,762,928 15,561 6,388 14,253 313,606 1,475,893 23,554 121,677 665,678 2,305,281 5,717 2,848 21,334 111,887 1,212,320 -7,312 -33,844 341,424 2,457,647 9,844 2,540 -7,081 201,719 263,573 -31.0 -27.8 51.3 106.6 172.2 89.2 -33.2 180.3 21.7 428,617 2,062,189 26,705,278 98,997,430 409,615 119,922 181,346 9,785,511 34,654,304 704,957 8,145,218 21,865,348 59,695,149 109,559 42,138 433,625 3,333,342 30,305,541 -276,340 -1,083,029 4,839,930 St, 302, 281 300,056 77,784 -252,279 6,452,169 4,348,763 -39.2 -34.4 22.1 65.8 273.9 184.6 -58.2 193.6 14.3 342,659 1,414,366 15,240,518 47,400,962 276,981 79,171 107,835 5,566,331 22,029,748 364,226 1,493,648 8,158,220 17,503,097 53,245 21,215 115,856 1,401,107 12,521,148 -21,567 -79,282 7,082,298 29,897,865 223,736 57,956 -8,021 4,165,224 9,608,600 -5.9 Middle Atlantic East North Central.... West North Central. . . South Atlantic East South Central West South Central... Mountain •-5.3 86.8 170.8 420.2 273.2 -6.9 297.3 76.9 New England: 4,136 848 10,586 349 182 141 79,956 162 7,625 24,075 10,188 63,325 93,066 816, 449 1,573,761 571,224 7,915 1,215,811 1,114,531 113,571 166, 115 31 4,494 8,809 1,596 12, 162 638 222 137 111,658 336 9,583 34,058 9,533 21,375 44,965 555,747 877,845 627,851 1,727 287,092 299,510 92,098 119,158 3 1,515 -4,673 -748 -1,566 -289 -40 4 -31,702 -184 -1,958 -9,983 655 41,950 48,100 260,702 695,916 -56,627 6,188 928,719 815,021 21,473 46,957 28 2,979 -53.0 -46.9 -12.9 -45.3 -18.0 2.9 -28.4 -54.8 -20.4 -29.3 6.9 196.3 107.0 46.9 79.3 -9.0 358.3 323.5 272.1 23.3 39.4 (') 196.6 106,674 20,764 285,008 9,021 4,676 2.474 1,922,868 3,082 136,239 669,279 234,298 1,613,559 2,132,101 22,156,041 34,927,773 10,964,184 134,253 26,365,758 22,396,130 1,987,516 2,221,816 422 135,454 252,850 46,680 380,940 14,987 6,100 3,400 2,943,250 4,790 197,178 • 1,053,240 260,550 686,580 1,165,288 18,699,690 24,314,240 18,059,060 28,969 6,752,060 7,031,760 2,034,910 1,474,150 40 42,560 -146,176 -25,916 -95,932 -5,966 -1,424 -926 -1,020,382 -1,708 -60, 939 -483,961 -26,252 926,979 966,813 3,456,351 10,613,533 -7,094,876 105,284 19,613,698 15,364,370 -47,394 747,666 382 92,894 -57.8 -55.5 -25.2 -39.8 -23.3 -27.2 -34.7 -35.7 -30.9 -46.0 -10.1 135.0 829.7 18.5 43.6 -39.3 363.4 290.5 218.6 -2.3 60.7 (') 218.3 86,230 17,292 225,803 7,177 4,126 2,031 1,316,117 1,967 96,282 311,741 133,591 880,706 1,232,344 12,682,136 17,213,817 5,320,708 80,245 11,962,036 10,873,522 870,846 1,079,788 288 79,231 137,448 25,189 187,004 9,264 3,465 1,866 1,402,184 2,301 89,163 402,977 100,480 242,834 494,994 6,916,935 7,220,739 5,342,363 11,232 1,996,082 2,003,540 545,432 383,709 30 18,776 -61,218 -7,897 38,799 -2,087 661 175 -86,067 -334 7,119 -91,236 33,111 637,872 737,350 5,765,201 9,993,078 -21,655 69,013 9,965,954 8,869,982 325,414 696,079 258 60,455 -37.3 New Hampshire Vermont.. -31.4 20.7 -22.5 Rhode Island ... . 19.1 9.4 Middle Atlantic: New York -6.1 -14.S Pennsylvania 8.0 East North Central: Ohio... - -22.6 33.0 Illinois . . . 262.7 149.0 83.3 West North Central: 138.4 Iowa . . -0.4 614.4 North Dakota 499.3 442.7 Nebraska 69.7 181.4 South Atlantic: (') 322.0 9,890 408 504 189 44 1 2,738 2,567 41 42 82 2,768 253 475 281 395 27 953 1,590 273 32 304 16 ! 16, 634 4,380 22,848 32,798 1,225 21,949 1,110 16,270 8,644 7,043 122,298 60,375 1,029,647 7,122 155 29 -92 -351 -26 1,785 977 -232 10 -222 -16 -6,361 -492 4,394 99,614 7,336 49,462 1,021 16,627 18, 108 5,157 49,590 48,472 165,511 257.3 61.3 6.1 -32.7 -88.9 (') 187.3 61.4 -85.0 0) -73.0 253,649 8,407 7,635 3,483 656 10 65,596 63,201 372 753 1,267 63,346 3,660 4,237 3,106 2,290 320 17,772 21,636 2,400 330 2,809 110 s 350, 340 80,366 844, 140 969, 214 29,690 531,240 24,107 458,776 262, 140 224,035 3,641,056 1,516,150 25, 149, 335 200,303 4,747 3,298 377 -1,635 -310 47,824 31,565 -2,028 423 -1,642 -110 -222,699 -27,928 -90,872 3,629,078 159,367 1,358,102 19,383 649,666 639,331 188,114 2,193,569 862,585 1,292,019 343.3 129.7 77.8 12.1 -71.4 -96.9 269.1 145.9 -84.5 128.2 -54.9 179,712 5,640 6,863 4,297 942 8 42,929 35,363 336 543 1,136 25,007 1,832 2,335 2,899 2,048 318 8,157 11,273 1,582 203 1,278 61 2 81,163 33,354 341,308 312, 730 15,375 246,510 12,475 223,985 121,826 126,898 1,268,480 606,945 10,045,723 154,705 3,808 4,528 1,398 -1,106 -310 34,772 24,090 -1,246 340 -142 -61 -6,104 -1,714 137,603 2,009,975 116,017 854,243 23,151 490,849 350,990 183,496 2,063,450 906,365 6,538,785 618.6 West Virginia 207.9 North Carolina South Carolina 193.9 48.2 -64.0 -97.5 East South Central: 426.3 Tennessee 213.7 -78.8 167.5 West South Central: -11.1 10,283 3,888 27,242 132,412 8,661 71,411 2,131 32,897 26,752 12,200 171,883 108,847 1, 195, 158 -38.2 -11.2 19.2 303.7 598.9 225.3 92.0 102.2 209.5 73.2 40.6 80.3 16.1 127,641 52,438 753,268 4,598,292 189,057 1,889,342 43,490 1,008,442 891,471 412, 149 5,834,615 2, 377, 735 26,441,954 -63.6 -34.8 -10.8 374.4 536.7 255.6 80.4 119.8 253.6 84.0 60.2 66.9 6.1 75,059 31,640 478,811 2,322,705 130,392 1,100,753 36,626 714,834 "472,816 310,394 3,331,930 1,613,310 17,184,508 -7.5 Texas. . -5.1 Mountain: Montana.. . 40.3 642.7 Wyoming . . . . 748.0 346.5 New Mexico 185.6 219.1 Utati 288.1 144.6 Pachto: 162.7 149.3 61.4 I Per cent not calculated wliere base is less tlian 100. 2 Includes Indian Territory. FARM CROPS, BY STATES. 389 RYE— ACREAGE, PRODUCTION, AND VALUE, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES: 1909 AND 1899. [A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease.) Table 29 ACREAGE. PRODTTCTION (BUSHELS). VALUE. DrVTSION OR STATE. 1909 1899 Increase. 1909 1899 Increase. 1909 1899 Increase . Vmoiuit Per ot. Amount. Perot. Amount. Perot. tJnited States 2,195,561 2,054,292 141,269 6.9 29,520,467 25,568,625 3,961,832 15. S $20,421,812 $12,290,640 $8,131,272 66.2 Geographic divisions: 13,221 472,132 968,668 470,582 157,546 50,091 5,926 32,115 25,390 18,655 556,431 676,303 556,406 114,319 35,985 10,682 9,519 76,092 -5,434 -84,299 292,255 -85,824 43,227 14,106 -4,656 22,596 -50,702 -29.1 -15.1 43.2 -15.4 37.8 39.2 -44.0 237.4 -66.6 230,468 6,458,475 13,443,196 6,907,788 1,322,474 400,709 49, 137 439,767 268, 453 317,964 7,207,830 9,199,566 6,798,638 862,649 275,363 104,627 123,458 678,630 -87,506 -749,355 4,243,630 109,150 459,925 125,346 -66,490 316,309 -410,177 -27.5 -10.4 46.1 1.6 53.3 45.5 -53.0 256.2 -60.4 206,862 4,959,172 9,011,568 4,216,676 1,106,617 337,152 41,166 300,134 242,576 178,971 3,906,606 4,381,609 2,700,264 493,519 166,526 56,281 64,659 342,105 27,881 1,052,666 4,629,959 1,516,312 613,098 170,626 -16, 116 235,475 -99,629 15.6 Middle Atlantic 26.9 East North Central West North Central South Atlantic 106.7 56.2 124.2 East South Central West South Central Mountain . . 102.5 -26.9 364.2 Pacific -29.1 New England: 292 260 1,115 3,476 477 7,601 130,540 69,032 272,560 67,912 83,440 58,973 419,020 339,213 266,567 42,042 20,001 48,188 13,778 62,827 17,179 1,017 28,093 13 47,890 15,679 48,685 2,958 12,352 859 26,813 22,798 437 43 1,080 19 4,291 536 6,034 3,295 1,616 15,715 257 21 5,234 43 5,450 12,913 7,027 611 350 2,264 4,557 691 10,282 177,416 68,967 310,048 17,583 43,562 78,869 174,096 362,193 118,869 89, 172 21,233 27,996 39,253 178,920 80,964 1,103 21,621 22 31,534 13,758 28,074 4,256 13,185 768 17,618 16,356 1,708 103 2,883 65 >3,660 3,984 2,003 1,304 1,006 2,148 48 15 2,866 129 3,077 10,090 62,925 -319 -90 -1,149 -1,081 -114 -2,681 -46,876 65 -37,488 60,329 39,878 -19,896 244,924 -22,980 147,698 -47,130 -1,232 20,193 -25,475 -116,093 -63,783 -86 6,472 -9 16,356 1,921 20,611 -1,298 -833 93 9,195 6,242 -1,271 -60 -1,803 -36 631 -3,448 4,031 1,991 510 13,667 209 6 2,368 -86 2,373 2,823 -55,898 -52.2 -25.7 -50.8 -23.7 -19.3 -26.1 -26.4 t).l -12.1 286.2 91.5 -25.2 140.7 -6.3 124.3 -52.9 -6.8 72.1 -64.9 -64.9 —78.8 -7.8 29.9 (') 51.9 14.0 73.4 -30.5 -6.3 12.1 52.2 37.7 -74.4 -58.3 -62.5 (') 17.2 -86.5 201.2 162.7 50.7 631.6 (0 (') 82.6 -66.7 77.1 28.0 -88.8 4,815 4,634 16,689 59,183 7,545 137,692 2,010,601 951,271 3,496,603 921,919 1,121,589 787,519 6,814,394 4,797,775 4,426,028 570,996 206,813 689,233 194,672 660,631 160,415 11,423 357,662 190 438,345 148,676 280,431 20,631 59,937 6,279 265,532 140,925 3,736 516 7,354 193 37,240 4,350 111,214 40,241 20,479 198,026 2,913 261 65,754 880 50,746 147,024 70,683 8,290 6,320 31,950 60,294 7,710 203,400 2,431,670 831,410 3,944,750 257,120 564,300 1,104,670 2,130,870 5,142,606 1,866,160 1,179,970 220,338 368,240 454,860 1,901,820 807,260 12,380 279,550 290 246,834 111,031 133,730 19,372 54,492 4,870 156,366 107,912 11, 123 963 19,126 372 2 42,360 42,770 33,120 16,580 16,680 26,180 1,064 190 28,630 2,114 44,946 109,234 624,451 -4,475 -786 -16,261 -1,111 -165 -65,708 -421,069 119,861 -448,147 664,799 557,289 -317,151 3,683,624 -344,831 2,559,878 -608,974 -14,526 320,993 -260, 188 -1,241,189 -646,845 -957 78,012 -100 191,511 37,645 146,701 1,259 5,445 409 100, 167 33,013 -7,387 .-447 -11,771 -179 -6,120 -38,420 78,094 23,661 4,899 171,845 1,849 71 37,124 -1,234 5,801 37,790 -453,768 -48.2 -14.8 -47.8 -1.8 -2.1 -32.3 -17.3 14.4 -11.4 258.6 98.8 -28.7 172.9 -6.7 137.2 -51.6 -6.6 87.2 -57.2 -65.3 -80.1 -7.7 27.9 -34.5 77.6 33.9 109.7 6.5 10.0 8.4 64.5 30.6 -66.4 -46.4 -61.5 -48.1 -12.1 -89.8 235.8 142.7 31.4 666.4 173.8 37.4 129.7 -58. 4 12.9 34.6 -86.5 4,388 4,680 14,633 52,396 7,007 123,848 1,578,408 707,250 2,673,514 636,276 743,782 523,374 3,944,616 3,163,620 2,679,987 357,220 156,852 411,728 115, 126 383,736 111,927 8,169 252,691 135 344,241 122,258 269,566 32,197 69,365 7,995 202,534 129,845 4,314 459 6,834 236 30,364 3,731 82,669 28,976 14,791 123,530 2,650 239 46,338 941 43,974 132,766 65,846 s Indian Ten 6,126 3,629 18,012 34,291 4,751 112,262 1,393,313 442,446 2,070,847 128,072 266,487 509,688 1,03.3,416 2,443,946 783,862 ' 480,817 103, 192 138,771 164,860 712,769 316,013 5,831 141,433 162 124,196 58,784 86,228 18,405 52,937 5,544 88,316 68,381 9,075 756 11,428 323 517,168 27,362 16,546 8,328 9,574 13,876 701 157 13,761 1,716 23,666 67,053 251.486 -1,738 1,151 -3,479 18,105 2,256 11,586 185,096 264,804 602,667 508,204 477,296 13,686 2,911,200 719,574 1,896,135 -123,697 63,660 272,967 -49,734 -329,023 -204,086 2,338 111,258 -27 220,046 63,474 183,338 13,792 16,428 2,451 114,219 61,464 -4,761 -296 -4,594 -87 13,196 -23,631 66,123 20,648 5,217 109,654 1,949 82 32,577 -775 20,408 65,703 -185,640 -18.4 New Hampshire . . . . 32.6 Vermont -19.3 52.8 47.5 rionTipp.t.ip.nl-. 10.3 Middle Atlantic: 13.3 New Jersey . 59.9 Pennsylvania 29.1 East North Central: Ohio . 396.8 179.1 2.7 Michigan . 281.7 Wisconsin 29.4 West North Central: Minnesota 241.9 Iowa -25.7 52.0 North Dakota 196.7 -30.2 -46.2 -64.6 South Atlantic: 40.1 Maryland..^ District of Columbia Vireinia 78.7 -16.7 177.2 108.0 212.6 74.9 31.0 Florida 44.2 East South Central: 129.3 89.9 —62.5 -39.2 West South Central: -40.2 76.9 -86.4 Mountain: 399.6 J(}3l]0 247.9 790.2 278.0 52.2 maji PAcmc: 86.6 98.0 California —73.8 ^ lot palpniat ed where 1 }ase is les than 100. z Includf itory. 390 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. BUCKWHEAT— ACREAGE, PRODUCTION, AND VALUE, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES: 1909 AND 1899. [A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease. States are not named when tlie acreage was less than 1,000 In 1909.] Table 30 DIVISION OB STATE. 1909 1899 Increase. Amount. Percent. PEODUCTION (BUSHELS). 1909 1899 Increase. Amount. Per cent. 1909 1899 Increase. Amount. Percent. United States Geogeaphic divisions: New England Middle Atlantic East North Central. . West North Central. South Atlantic East South Central.. West South Central. Mountain Pacific New England: Maine New Hampshire Vermont Massachusetts Connecticut Middle Atlantic: New York New Jersey Pennsylvania , East Noeth Central: Ohio Indiana Illinois Michigan , Wisconsin , West Noeth Centeai.: Minnesota Iowa Missouri North Dakota South Dakota Nebraska South Atlantic: Delaware Maryland Virginia West Virginia North Carolina East South Centeal: Kentucky Termessee 878,048 28,725 592, 159 139,971 25,955 84,864 4,772 121 316 1,165 807,060 42,767 655,464 123,367 27,505 55,642 1,267 107 158 70,988 -14,042 36,695 16,614 -1,550 29,322 3,505 14 ■S 158 272 -32.8 6.6 13.6 -5.6 62.8 276.6 13.1 100.0 30.5 14,849,332 602,715 10,701,643 1,897,474 349,316 1,216,608 61,525 987 7,931 21, 133 11,233,515 807,336 7,972,605 1,427,420 292,669 704, 147 9,552 924 2,152 16,710 3, 61S, 817 -204,621 2,729,038 470,064 66,647 612,461 41,973 63 6,779 4,423 32.2 -25.3 34.2 32.9 19.4 72.8 439.4 6.8 268.5 26.5 $9,330,592 400,081 6,625,513 1,222,109 230,356 791,546 37,268 854 6,920 15,946 $5,747,853 350, 148 4,112,076 762,669 164,306 341,667 5,356 744 1,397 9,702 $3,682,739 62.3 49,933 2,513,437 459,560 66,061 449,979 ■ 31,913 110 5,523 6,243 15,562 1,052 7,669 1,630 2,797 286,276 13, 155 292,728 26,073 6,995 4,696 75,909 26,298 10,309 9,066 1,676 1,039 1,904 1,205 4,002 10,388 25,481 33,323 11, 606 1,887 2,867 26,292 1,836 9,910 2,262 3,423 15,762 249,840 13,071 8,684 6,220 55,669 39,713 6,700 13,834 2,715 1,121 232 1,652 8,047 19,251 21,410 5,168 84 1,173 -9,740 -783 -2,251 -632 -626 -3,686 -2,607 42,888 13,002 -1,689 -1,524 20,240 -13,415 3,609 -4,768 -1,039 -82 1,672 225 2,350 2,341 6,230 11,913 -38.6 -42.7 -22.7 -27.9 -18.3 -1.2 -16.5 17.2 99.6 -19.4 -24.5 36.4 -33.8 53.9 -34.5 -38.3 -7.3 720.7 23.0 142.3 29.1 32.4 55.6 124.6 (') 144.4 316,782 26,312 174,394 32,926 51,761 5,691,745 212,648 4,797,350 483,'410 84,991 68,126 968, 119 302,829 144,861 120,659 20,289 17,066 28,551 9,876 53, 903 162,216 332,222 533, 670 144, 186 18,074 33,249 468,320 43, 360 196,010 36,034 62,962 3,816,350 234,276 3,922,980 164,305 102,340 66,060 606,830 489,895 82,687 161, 120 21,480 10,760 2,790 8,629 115,950 244,321 267,257 62,672 879 8,597 -151,638 -17,048 -21,616 -3, 108 -11,211 1,876,396 -21,727 874,370 319, 105 -17,349 3,075 362,289 -187,066 62, 174 -30,561 -1,191 6,306 25,761 1,247 29,923 36,206 87,901 266,413 91, 614 17, 195 24,652 -32.4 -39.3 -11.0 -8.6 -17.8 49.2 -9.3 22.3 194.2 -17.0 4.7 68.1 -38.2 75.2 -20.2 -6.5 68.6 923.3 14.6 124.8 31.3 36.0 99.7 174.3 1,966.2 286.8 189,516 17,842 122,050 24,678 45,532 3,687,558 141,997 2,896,958 303,220 56,617 48,040 594,748 219,484 89,058 86,941 16,296 9,136 16,816 7,221 30,839 99,216 196, 196 351,171 113,677 12,028 26,078 185,836 19,334 90,275 20,930 33,346 2,045,737 120,479 1,946,860 87,242 61,300 36,225 306,311 281,481 43, 741 84,842 12,079 7,43S 2,073 5,109 10, 773 68,623 111,731 134,893 25,482 615 4,690 3,680 -1,492 31,775 3,748 12,186 1,541,821 21,618 960,098 215,978 5,317 11,815 288,437 -61,997 45,317 2,099 4,217 1,696 14,743 2,112 20,066 40,593 84,466 216,278 88,096 11,413 20,388 14.3 61.1 60.3 40.2 131.7 695.9 14.8 395.3 64.3 2.0 -7.7 35.2 17.9 36.6 75.4 17.9 24^.6 10.4 32.6 94.2 -22.0 103.6 2.5 34.9 22.8 711.2 41.3 186.3 69.2 75.6 160.3 345.7 1,856.8 434.7 1 Per cent not calculated where base is less than 100. EMMER AND SPELT— ACREAGE, PRODUCTION, AND VALUE, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES: 1909. [States are not named when the acreage was less than 1,000 in 1909.] Table 3 1 division oe state. ITiiited States . . . Geogeaphic divisions: New England Middle Atlantic .... East North Central. West North Central. South Atlantic East South Central . West South Central. Mountain Pacific'. Middle Atlantic: New York. East North Central: Illinois Michigan Wisconsin Acreage. 202 1,796 14,941 522, 487 13,295 18,644 1,861 1,382 1,633 6,742 6,090 Production (bushels). 12, 702, 710 5, 42, 371, 11,672, 6, 2, 139, 407, 65, 33,890 41, 164, 166, Value. $5,584,050 4,229 28,429 212, 596 6,009,772 4,631 1,851 81,942 205,483 36, 118 22,110 20,754 97, 414 89, 118 division oe state. West North Central Minnesota Iowa Missouri North Dakota South Dakota Nebraska Kansas West South Central: Oklahoma Texas Mountain: Montana Wyoming Colorado Acreage. 30,891 7,256 7,935 101, 144 269,611 65,681 49,969 8,669 4,624 1,308 1,521 16,623 Production (bushels). 757,339 139,839 104,540 2,564,732 6,098,982 1,221,976 785,362 94,580 44,316 39,830 35,677 324,713 Value. $338,841 65,436 47,543 1,102,782 2,627,633 484,791 342,846 64,690 27,118 24,643 22,918 153,068 FARM CROPS, BY STATES. 391 KAFIR CORN AND MILO MAIZE— ACREAGE, PRODUCTION, AND VALUE, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES: 1909 AND 1899. [A m inus sign (— ) denotes decrease. States are not named when the acreage was less than 1,000 in 1909.] Table 39 ACREAGE. PRODUCTION (BUSHELS). VALUE. DIVISION OK STATE. 1909 1899 Increase. 1909 1899 Increase. 1909 1899 Increase. Amount. Per cent. Amount. Per cent. Amount. Per cent. United States 1,635,163 266,613 i; 368, 640 613.6 17,697,306 6,169,113 12,428,192 240.4 $10,816,940 51,367,040 $9,449,900 691.3 Geogkaphic divisions: 48 686 1,185 404,433 230 493 1,107,406 76,436 44,336 48 585 1,048 246,840 190 470 1,019,066 76,279 24, 114 1,772 11,647 22,779 5,372,284 3,561 6,453 10,636,612 703,484 938,713 1,772 11,633 19,967 2,253,240 2,943 5,829 8,916,022 698,659 518,127 1,084 8,203 14,242 3,219,619 2,918 4,998 6,330,665 509, 163 726,048 1,084 8,196 13,354 2,415,209 2,611 4,714 5,964,883 507,104 632,765 Middle Atlantic East North Central West North Central.... South Atlantic 1 137 157,593 40 23 88,340 157 20,222 (') 765.0 156.6 (') (') 1,153.5 48,585.4 119.2 14 2,812 3,119,044 618 624 1,620,590 4,825 420,586 (') 710.1 72.2 476.2 934.1 550.2 14,479.8 123.2 7 888 804,410 307 284 365,802 2,059 193,283 (') ■ 1,503.8 300.2 850.5 East South Central West South Central. . . . Mountain , , 1,659.9 1,630.6 24,628.5 Pacific 275.6 West Nobth Central: 13,543 2,016 388,495 1,294 532,515 573,384 11,971 63,570 44,308 1,990 742 154,706 109 >65,418 22,813 18 138 20,218 11,553 1,274 233,789 1,185 467,097 550,571 11,953 63,432 24,090 580.6 171.7 151.1 1,087.2 714.0 2,413.4 (') 45,965.2 119.2 228,386 20,212 5,115,415 15,284 4,658,762 5,860,444 139,234 543,350 938,049 38,497 13,607 3,063,781 1,722 81,136,772 482,096 302 4,473 420,452 189,889 6,605 2,051,634 13,562 3,521,980 5,378,348 138,932 638,877 517,597 493.2 48.5 67.0 787.6 309.8 1,115.6 46,003.3 12,047.2 123.1 152,246 15,712 3,046,799 12,074 2,531,036 3,785,463 94,486 392,393 725,704 12,836 5,189 785,276 808 '234,980 130,014 131 1,778 193,244 139,410 10,523 2,261,623 11,266 2,296,056 3,655,449 94,355 390,615 532,460 1,086.1 202.8 Nebraska 288.0 West South Central: ArVansFi.q 1,394.3 977.1 Texas 2,811.6 UOUNTADl AND PACITIC : 72,026.7 New Mexico . . 21,969.1 California 275.6 1 Per cent not calculated where base is less than 100. 2 Includes Indian Territory. ROUGH RICE— ACREAGE, PRODUCTION, AND VALUE, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES: 1909 AND 1899. [A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease.] Table 33 ACREAGE. PRODUCTION BUSHELS). VALUE. DIVISION OB STATE. 1909 1899 Increase. 1909 1899 Increase. 1909 1899 Increase. Amount. Per cent. Amoxmt. Per cent. Amount. Per cent. United States 1610,175 342,214 267,961 78.3 121,838,680 9,002,886 12,835,694 142.6 1 $16,019,607 $6,329,562 $9,690,045 163.1 Geographic divisions: 27,080 560 582,523 127,369 4,424 210,421 -100,289 -3,864 372, 102 -78.7 -87.3 176.8 713,966 10,006 21,114,548 2,470,725 69,934 6, 472, 227 -1,756,759 -49,928 14,642,321 -71.1 -83.3 226.2 691,372 10,547 15,317,648 2,000,996 69,455 4,269,111 -1,309,624 -48,908 11,048,537 -65.5 East South Central West South Central -82.3 258.8 South Atlantic: 25 22,279 77,657 21,998 5,410 2,329 2,095 25 201,685 8,711 -25 -21,758 -58,166 -15,553 -4,787 -2,050 -1,814 27,394 115,833 228,875 157 283,906 1,703,602 401,963 81,097 33,343 26,591 310 6,213,397 258,520 -157 -272,549 -1,162,032 -253,265 -68,756 -28, 173 -21,755 1,282,520 4,626,576 8,733,225 94 208,475 1,366,528 338,667 87,332 30,891 28,664 235 4,044,489 224, 387 -94 -198,206 -846, 528 -192,754 -72,042 -25,712 -23, 196 1,157,868 4,008.733 5,881,936 521 19,491 6,446 623 279 281 27,419 317,518 237,586 -97.7 -74.9 -70.7 -88.5 -88.0 -86.6 m 57.4 2,627.4 11,357 541,570 148,098 12,341 5,170 4,836 1,282,830 10,839,973 8,991,745 -96.0 -68.2 -63.0 -84.8 -54.6 -81.8 413,709.7 74.5 3,378.2 10,269 520,000 145,813 15,290 5,179 5,368 1,158,103 8,053,222 6,106,323 -95.1 -61.9 -56.9 -82.5 East South Central: -83.2 -81.2 West South Central: 492,680.9 99.1 Texas' 2,621.4 1 Includes 12 acres, 60 bushels, valued at $40, in states not shown. 2 Per cent not calculated where base is less than 100. 392 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. OTHER GRAINS AND SEEDS. According to ordinary usage, the term "grain" refers to the several cereals only, but it is sometimes applied to other seeds also, such as beans and peas and pea- nuts. The more comprehensive definition conforms to the usage of the Department of Agriculture, which has been adopted by the Census Bureau. Among the other seeds are included flaxseed, grass seed, flower and vegetable seeds, etc. The combined value of the production of the minor grains and seeds, of which the most important are beans, peas, peanuts, flaxseed, grass seed, and flower and vegetable seeds, amounted in 1909 to $97,536,000, representing 1.8 per cent of the total value of all crops, including forest and nur- sery products. The statistics of acreage were not tabulated for grass seeds, or flower and vegetable seeds, chiefly for the reason that in many cases the raising of these seeds was incidental to the produc- tion of hay and forage crops and of flowers and vege- tables, so that a presentation of the acreage would involve duplication. The total acreage of the minor grains and seeds for which acreage reports were se- cured amounted in 1909 to 5,157,000, or 1.1 per cent of the improved farm land of the country. Dry edible beans. — Table 34 shows the statis- tics for dry edible beans. It does not include beans used green from vegetable gardens nor varieties of beans which are used mainly for feeding animals, such as horse beans, stock beans, and velvet beans, nor castor beans (the total acreage of which is very small). Beans used green from gardens are included with vegetables. The acreage of dry edible beans in 1909 was 802,991, forming only 0.2 per cent of the total improved farm acreage of the country. The acreage in 1909 was 76.9 per cent greater than in 1899, and the production, which amoimted to 11,251,000 bushels in 1909, was considerably more than twice as great. The value of the product increased from $7,634,000 in 1899 to $21,771,000 in 1909, or 185.2 per cent, the average value per bushel having advanced from $1.51 to $1.94. The value of the crop raised in 1909 represented 0.4 per cent of that of all crops. The East North Central division contained more than half of the total acreage of dry edible beans in the country in 1909. Other divisions with large acreages were the Pacific and Middle Atlantic, but in the latter the acreage was less in 1909 than in 1899. The total acreage of the various other kinds of beans (not reported as dry edible beans or as beans used green from gardens) was 14,947 in 1909, as com- pared with 25,738 in 1899; the production was 179,733 bushels in 1909 and 143,388 in 1899; and the value $241,060 in 1909, as compared with $134,084 in 1899. DRY EDIBLE BEANS— ACREAGE, PRODUCTION, AND VALUE. Table 34 DIVISION OB STATE. TTnited States... Geographic divs. ; New England Middle Atlantic East Nortli Central. West North Central Soutii Atlantic East Soutli Central. West Soutli Central Mountain Pacific New England: Maine New Hampshire Vermont Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut Middle Atlantic: New York New Jersey Pennsylvania E. North Central: Ohio Indiana Illinois Micliigan Wisconsin W. Nokth Central: Minnesota Iowa Missouri ■ North Dakota South Dakota Nebraska Kansas South Atlantic: Delaware Maryland District of Columbia Virginia West Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Florida E. South Central: Kentucky Tennessee Alabama Mississippi W. South Central: Arkansas LoulsiarLa Oklahoma Texas Mountain: Montana Idaho Wyoming Colorado New Mexico Arizona Utah Nevada Pacific: Washington Oregon California 1909 1899 802,991 16,619 117,370 422,256 9,189 25,776 18,481 3,651 30,847 158,902 10,341 3,180 2,390 446 54 208 115,698 403 1,269 1,139 1,721 1,153 403,669 14,674 4,6 544 1,173 70 65 '196 1 4,777 18,111 15,521 > 1,528 '2,947 1 2,641 '12,434 '3, — ■1,557 '1,092 '819 '311 '575 '1,846 342 1,915 273 6,040 20,766 2,301 196 14 353 562 157,087 153, 841 16,734 131,681 188,292 12,495 30,492 14,110 5,458 7,581 46,998 10,252 2,892 2,404 629 216 341 129,298 201 2,182 1,828 2,999 3,451 167,025 12,989 3,290 2,427 4,376 270 397 887 100 60S 1 6,411 5,221 5,381 1,657 1,927 9,189 5, 5,563 1,765 1,149 1,490 335 2 755 2,878 101 457 26 2,634 3,349 805 176 33 841 45,861 11, 291, 160 production (bushels). 1909 145,111 1,696,468 5,472,850 94,841 162,853 114,022 25,052 200,402 3,339,561 87,565 22,646 26,359 4,979 817 2,845 1,681,506 2,941 12,021 13,665 15,238 6,866 5,282,511 154,570 62,822 9,385 5,073 5,285 5,941 648 1,833 29,435 39,794 35,937 6,825 16,546 31,835 70,557 19,526 15,212 8,727 4, 5,557 2,520 12,895 2,958 33,816 1,876 53,926 85,795 18,457 3,352 222 3,311 8,032 3,328,218 1899 5,064,490 212,149 1,387,290 2,028,930 128,427 373,339 126,869 63,212 80,852 673,422 137,290 29,990 27,172 7,* 3 6^428 1,360,445 2, 23,967 19,042 30,171 30,122 1,806,413 143,182 36,317 24,903 45,647 2,'" 4,213 7, 7,284 1,333 4,754 12 56,189 62,815 49,618 14,925 17,489 176,304 49,106 48,736 17,865 11,162 15,682 3,371 s 6,130 28,129 1,110 5, — 285 28,570 36,022 6,637 1, 536 3,830 11,077 658,615 $21, 771, 482 $7, 633,636 1909 1899 432,501 3,723,350 10,054,082 199,498 291,885 189,809 45,717 606,185 6,328,455 275,334 62,783 72,873 12,382 2,084 7,045 3,689,064 6,150 28,136 30,082 30,929 12,842 9,716,315 263,914 124,996 12,428 20,364 12,862 12,575 14,962 1,321 1,387 3,342 61,864 81,049 57,528 12,778 30,018 43,919 105,309 40,966 19,887 23,647 6,588 6,982 5,942 26,205 8,611 76,314 5,018 128,701 232,023 44,997 10,006 615 437, 11» 2,517,273 2,692,908 194,441 377,428 142,511 68,574 153,204 1,050,187 290,885 62,799 61,629 16,088 6,477 10,232 2,472,668 5,886 38,719 33,307 46,281 46,084 2,361,020 206,216 49,686 38,296 73,850 3,872 6,448 12,805 9,485 1,822 7,038 38 66,066 80,494 50,703 13,936 17,982 139,349 57,672 57,660 15,507 11,672 17,046 3,948 > 6,928 40,652 2,221 9,979 746 49,169 73,001 12,700 4,085 1,303 9,656 7,034 23,342 20,567 6,296,457 1,022,586 ' A considerable amount of this acreage is probably a duplication of other crop acreage. ' Includes Indian Territory. Dry peas. — Table 35 presents statistics for dry peas; it does not cover green peaS, which are included under "vegetables." In 1909 the acreage of dry peas in the United States as a whole was 1,305,099, equivalent to 0.3 per cent of the total improved farm acreage of the country. Although the acreage reported in 1909 was 34.8 per cent greater than in 1899, the production (7,129,000 bushels) showed a decrease of 24.5 per cent. On ac- FARM CROPS, BY STATES. 393 count of the material increase in the average value per bushel, however, the total value of the crop ad- vanced from $7,909,000 in 1899 to $10,964,000 in 1909, when it constituted 0.2 per cent of the total value of all farm crops. DRY PEAS— ACREAGE, PRODUCTION, AND VALUE. Table 35 DIVISION OH STATE. T7iiited States.... GEOQBAfHIC DIVS.: New England Middle Atlantic East North Central. . West North Central, South Atlantic East South Central. , West South Central Moujvtain Pacific New England: Maine New Hampshire Vermont Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut MmDLE Atlantic: New York New Jersey Pennsylvania E. North Central: Ohio Indiana Illinois Michigan Wisconsin W. North Central: Minnesota Iowa Missouri North Dakota South Dakota Nebraska Kansas South Atlantic: Delaware Maryland District of Columbia Virginia West Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Florida E. South Central: Kentucky Tennessee Alabama Mississippi W. South Central: Arkansas Louisiana Oklahoma Texas Mountain: Montana Idaho Wyoming, "olor ■ Colorado. New Mexico.. Arizona Utah Nevada Pacific: Washington. . Oregon California 1909 1,305,099 824 4,185 227,430 27,636 667,705 203,229 138,902 28,598 6,591 637 122 127 30 4 4 4,007 91 87 323 13,082 41,076 94,932 78,017 835 731 23,036 399 1,783 26 826 1,616 1742 1 12,091 1232 1 169,934 1 265,632 ' 210,315 >7,144 I 8,465 136,640 185,034 173,090 1 52,730 1 33, 150 1 6,246 1 46,777 1,184 234 326 24,230 12,486 13 126 3,196 436 2,959 1899 968,370 3,050 15,275 164,216 7,943 440,378 251,851 81,033 7,733 6,891 2,300 146 408 122 45 29 14,748 45 482 506 533 12,982 71,376 68,819 670 1> 6,319 84 37 126 151 618 947 22,206 323 88,407 143,070 167,032 17,876 8,394 82,841 91, 126 69,490 31,414 15,190 2 466 33,974 1,612 170 13 3,621 2,220 60 143 4 3,673 1,304 2,014 production (bushels). 1909 7,129,291 9,440,210 7,784 73,368 2,603,773 154,873 2,242,244 882,471 678,746 328,201 157,844 48,130 259,068 2,351,614 96, 144 3,668,991 2,099,677 730,703 114, 180 171,813 934 1,262 480 73 72 71,486 3,041 88,254 185,020 1,162,403 1,166,066 14,964 9,007 109,367 6,543 10,598 169 5,235 , 12,521 5,603 66,488 1,490 661,667 711,853 736,009 56,713 44,772 133,924 418,007 286,768 229,444 161,659 33,282 264,361 21,670 4,875 9,231 258,281 30,829 93 3,222 91,032 9,344 67,468 1899 35,991 1,533 6,946 2,269 940 462 251,889 806 6,363 7,621 7,357 103,388 1,134,431 1,098,819 9,021 27,606 54,763 710 462 1,586 2,006 4,650 12,459 219,142 3,613 876, 167 1,162,705 1,130,441 169,814 760,663 665,388 590,537 245,894 146,298 3 5,049 333,462 32,266 2,506 232 47,461 28,071 866 2,694 85 91,899 22,615 67,299 1909 1899 $10, 963, 739 $7, 908, 966 16,348 121,369 3,396,025 241,082 3,805,792 1,660,726 1,096,149 496, 132 233, 116 10, 134 1,966 2,092 944 102 121 117,668 1,711 2,100 6,298 133,996 273,373 1,337,430 1,646,928 18,384 11,669 180,391 8,368 11,223 308 10,739 25,278 11,143 127,211 3,312 1,024,228 1,311,454 1,204,783 84,514 246,434 660,270 570,508 376,076 252,362 63,867 402,854 37,757 9,160 9,552 397,540 35,077 293 5,753 116,065 16,036 101,016 68,606 239,095 1,639,048 106,461 2,874,088 1,962,651 766,648 92,708 169,871 44,618 2,210 7,730 2,125 1,195 628 230,609 868 7,618 7,410 7,348 110,654 689, 133 824,603 9,338 24,473 66,701 1,001 691 2,041 2,306 5,086 12,725 218,477 3,731 649, 194 859,932 953,241 171,702 90,739 767,840 536,793 567,279 255,709 156,843 3 4,690 349,306 33,273 4,068 305 29,906 20,365 1,205 3,504 78,124 21,114 70,633 1 A considerable amount of this acreage is probably a duplication of other crop acreage. 'Includes Indian Territory. The leading division with respect to acreage of dry peas is the South Atlantic, which in 1909 reported more than half of the total, but the production in this division was less in 1909 than that in the East North Central division, which ranked second in acreage. The marked increase reported in the acreage devoted to this crop in the South Atlantic division is probably more apparent than real, inasmuch as peas are often planted in conjunction with some other crop, and it seems certain that for 1909 the enumerators more fre- quently duplicated such acreage in their reports than they did for 1899. The East South Central and West South Central divisions ranked third and fourth, respec- tively, in acreage and production in 1909. Peanuts. — Table 36 shows that the production of peanuts is practically confined to the southern states. PEANUTS— ACREAGE, PRODUCTION, AND VALUE. Table 36 state. United States Alabama Arkansas California Florida Georgia Kansas Louisiana Mississippi Missouri New Mexico North Carolina Oklahoma South Carolina Tennessee Texas Virginia All other states 1909 1899 869, 887 100,609 10,192 99 126,160 160,317 48 26,020 13,997 130 126 196, 134 1,564 7,696 18,952 64,327 145,213 413 516,654 78,878 6,233 433 69,452 100,689 226 3,107 5,853 271 1 95,866 12,206 7,162 19,634 10,734 116,914 207 production (bushels). 1909 19,415,816 1,573,796 168,608 2,991 2,316,089 2,569,787 2,047 412,037 284,791 3,220 1,375 6,980,919 31,880 154,822 547,240 1,074,998 4,284,340 7,876 1899 961,109 021,708 78,237 16,461 967,927 435,776 4,616 45,713 95,738 6,679 10 460,439 150,428 131, 710 747,668 184,860 713,347 3,893 1909 $18,271,929 1,490,654 183,364 2,889 2,148,862 2,440,926 2,669 422,232 317,236 4,040 2,177 6,368,826 34,984 144,211 386,765 1,075,110 4,239,832 9,152 1899 $7,870,615 583,223 69,632 12,650 699,713 935,749 4,306 44,785 89,350 6,407 12 1,852,110 130,190 106,018 392,648 178,542 2,261,148 4,032 1 Includes Indian Territory. The acreage of peanuts in 1909 was 869,887, repre- senting 0.2 per cent of the total improved farm acreage in the country as a whole. In the South the propor- tion of the improved farm acreage that was devoted to peanuts was 0.6 per cent. The total acreage of peanuts in the United States in 1909 was 68.4 per cent greater than in 1899, and the production in 1909, 19,416,000 bushels, was 62.3 per cent greater than 10 years before. The value of the crop in 1909, $18,272,000, which formed 0.3 per cent of the total value of all crops, was more than two and one-half times as great as that in 1899. The average value per bushel increased from $0.61 to $0.94. The leading states in the produc- tion of peanuts are North Carolina, Georgia, Virginia, Florida, and Alabama, in the order named, the acre- age in each of these states in 1909 exceeding 100,000. Other states in which there has been a very marked increase in the acreage of peanuts are Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas. Flaxseed. — In the United States flax is raised pri- marily for the sake of the seed, much less use being made of the fiber than in some of the other countries where this crop is grown. The production of flaxseed, as shown by Table 37, is almost wholly confined to the North Central and Mountain divisions. The total acreage in flax in 1909 was 2,083,142, or 0.4 per cent of the total improved farm acreage of the country, and the total production was 19,513,000 bushels. Both acreage and production in 1909 were 394 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. slightly less than in 1899, but the value increased from $19,625,000 in 1899 to $28,971,000 in 1909, or 47.6 per. cent, the average value per bushel increasing from $0.98 to $1.48. In 1909 the value of this crop repre- sented 0.5 per cent of the total for all crops. The values given in the table represent the seed only. The Census Bureau did not undertake to ascertain the total value of flax straw produced, but an inquiry was made as to the amount received from sales of flax straw and flax fiber, an item which probably represents approxi- mately the value of the straw produced, since it is used but ] ittle on the farm. The reported receipts from sales of flax straw and fiber in 1909 amounted to $90,832. FLAXSEED -ACREAGE, PRODUCTION, AND VALUE. Tables? STATE. ACEEAGE. PEODUCTION (BUSHELS). VALUE. 1909 1899 1909 1899 1909 1899 trnited States.. California 2,083,142 240 2,887 81 115 39 15,549 45,014 312 261 358,426 20,630 37,647 2,934 68 1,068,049 662 1,036 38 518,566 9,423 1,110 174 2,110,617 904 434 17,239 394 171 126,453 192, 167 19,512,765 1,882 13,462 608 1,156 179 140,906 302,491 2,215 2,943 3,277,238 154,632 447,484 20,647 400 10,246,684 4,809 9,093 391 4,759,794 14 118,793 6,983 2,061 19,979,492 12,610 1,820 134, 180 4,336 1,394 1,413,380 1,417,770 $28,970,594 3,224 17,485 ■ 916 1,548 246 182,669 327,402 4,920 4,951 4,863,328 168,771 676,945 30,135 837 15,488,016 6,307 11,345 567 7,001,717 20 167,848 7,858 3,600 $19,624,901 10,559 1,861 121,682 Tl^inms 4,706 1,412 Iowa 1,380,102 1,262,487 MicMgan 883 566,801 100,952 16 7,662 159 773,999 3,092 13,644 2,016 302,010 149 11,263 9,309 5,895,479 611,888 220 54,394 1,360 7,766,610 29,821 ' 20, 110 8,740 2,452,528 860 140,765 10, 108 6,898,556 519,929 268 Nebraska 63, 793 New York . 1,486 North Dakota Ohio 7,736,640 28,935 116,622 Oregon 8,664 South Dakota "Washington Wisconsin 2,422,269 767 143,239 Au other states 219 1,938 1,928 1 Includes Indian Territory. The acreage of flax in North Dakota in 1909 was more than half of the total for the country. South Dakota ranked next and Minnesota third, whCe no other state had as much as 50,000 acres. Between 1899 and 1909 there was a marked falling off in the acreage of flax in Idaho, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, and Missouri, but a marked increase in North Dakota and South Dakota, and in Montana, where the crop, which was insignificant in 1899, had become of considerable importance in 1909. Grass seed and flower and vegetable seeds. — Table 38 presents statistics of grass seed and flower and vegetable seeds, by states. As already stated, the acreage from which grass seed and flower and vegetable seeds were raised has not been tabulated. In some cases such acreage was not reported, and in many other cases it would represent a duplication of the acreage reported for hay and for- age, flowers and plants, and vegetables. The reported production of flower and vegetable seeds doubtless represents chiefly that of farms producing such seeds for sale, small quantities raised by farmers for their oini use presumably being often, if not generally. omitted. Since statements of quantity for aU classes of flower and vegetable seeds combined would obvi- ously have no significance, only the total value of these seeds is shown in Table 38. For the country as a whole the value in 1909 was $1,411,000. The most impor- tant states in the production of such seeds in 1909 were California, Illinois, New York, and Ohio. GRASS SEED AND FLOWER AND VEGETABLE SEEDS. Table 38 GEAS3 SEED. PLOWEE AND VEGETABLE SEEDS. STATE. Production (bushels). Value. Value. 1909 1899 1909 1899 1909 1899 TTnlted States.. 6,671,348 4,865,078 $15,137,683 $8,228,417 $1,411,013 $826,019 New England: Mainfi 627 142 601 3,397 19 765 17,879 12,804 24,464 288,605 165,488 1,289,996 161,667 262,301 945,666 1,118,044 257,872 74, 162 424,623 120,423 324,231 5,878 15,080 49,031 2,645 2,071 314 2,197 1,136 612,406 58,486 637 361 1,180 11,268 26,826 21,361 14,204 30,463 17,411 51,208 9,092 22,598 52,604 530 3,355 151,016 25,535 936 47 168 167 536 314 11,449 5,187 50,122 388,721 525, 145 552, 706 88,541 141, 766 661,973 1,292,072 278,497 14,645 80,196 49,972 281,388 3,515 11,100 26,104 4,384 1,646 221 506 37 278,680 84,386 876 509 500 271 14,813 20,492 1,226 3,506 5,080 13,635 46 1,752 36,367 157 837 26,385 16,522 1,644 556 1,538 4,163 39 2,429 88,239 14,799 116, 108 1,352,136 786,041 1,719,420 964,655 1,499,401 1,496,438 1,721,289 756,446 99,024 594,570 451,347 796,397 29,928 72,785 74,979 8,726 4,963 1 459 2,508 4,290 538,219 92,386 1,110 1,028 4,893 30,343 149,070 39,135 96,103 172,012 86,120 162,822 46,936 156,840 313,814 3,363 9,388 364,852 206,034 3,810 121 296 387 1,236 248 47,790 2,796 182,500 1,418,689 1,820,149 650,463 315,000 446,730 529,301 1,215,763 423,395 10,054 30,141 69,782 292,697 14,290 46,780 40,600 16,109 3,921 243 442 37 198,793 104,477 1,027 1,032 2,039 500 13,332 13,974 3,682 13,785 20,206 63,296 320 6,958 127,988 938 1,646 21,460 69,397 950 1,319 2,670 291 2,564 37,302 72,991 53,300 36,318 67,303 8,414 194,626 44,106 42,683 a,«45 4,863 17,726 . 1,076 25,914 39,737 20,827 507 8,792 6,583 190 2,501 91 976 200 15,658 1,668 240 19 836 3,083 7,253 22,932 760 6,398 275 13,396 151 3,082 New Harapshire Vermont 855 463 Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut Middle Atlantic: New York 40,692 1,900 44,181 54,148 New Jersey. 43,191 Pennsylvania E. NOETH Centeal: Ohio 104,229 33,989 Tnffiana 8,502 Illinois 71,458 Mipbigan 28,700 Wisconsin W. NoETH Centeal: 15,336 9,249 6,044 Missouri 15,416 North Dakota...!... South Dakota 663 "77; 495 TTansa'! 44,431 South Atlantic: Delaware 1,861 Maryland 7,183 3,384 West Virginia North Carolina South Carolina 750 8,382 505 3,669 Florida 3,622 E. South Centeal: Kentucky 8,668 Tennessee. . 458 1,610 Mississippi 153 W. South Centeal: 2,447 6,000 14,835 Texas 2,901 Mountain: Idaho 260 75 Colorador. 11,113 New Mexico Utah 700 10 37,571 6,089 594,724 10,330 Nevada 900 PAcmc: Washington Oregon 11,667 10,448 CaUfornia 121,896 1 Includes Indian Territory. Table 39 shows, by geographic divisions, for 1909 and 1899, the total quantity and value of grass seed produced, and also, for 1909, the production and value of the leading classes. The acreage of grass seed is not shown, for the reason that in most cases it would involve duplication of the acreage reported for the grasses themselves under hay and forage crops. The total value of the grass seed produced in 1909 was $15,138,000, which constitutes 0.3 per cent of the FARM CROPS, BY STATES. 395 total value of farm crops and represents an increase of 84 per cent over the value in 1899. Much the larger part of the production of grass seed, considered as a group, was reported from the West and East North Central divisions. As measured by value, clover seed is the most important kind of grass seed, followed by timothy and alfalfa. The East North Central division leads in the production of clover seed, the West North Central in that of timothy seed and millet seed, and the Mountain in that of alfalfa seed. GRASS SEED— PRODUCTION AND VALUE. Table 39 ALL GKA83 SEED. CLASSES OF GBASS SEED: 1909 DIVISION. Production (bushels). Value. Clover. Timothy. Alfalfa. Millet. All other. 1909 1899 1909 1899 Produc- tion (bush- els). Value. Produc- tion (bush- els). Value. Produc- tion (bush- els). Value. Produc- tion (bush- els). Value. Produc- tion (bush- els). Value. United States.. 6,671,348 6,451 55,137 2,157,957 3,265,021 78,352 671,790 69,624 198,110 179,906 4,865,078 2,168 66,758 1,696,878 2,668,743 46, 613 364,431 26,076 60,767 42,744 $15,137,683 10,269 219, 146 6,320,663 5,915,610 198,638 632,743 223,441 1,037,009 580,274 $8,228,417 6,097 233,085 4,651,031 2,571,033 122,422 306,329 19,845 227, 172 92,403 1,025,816 500 22,109, 746,820 202,259 17,365 8,200 2,118 7,931 18,514 $6,926,122 2,966 164,201 6,021,888 l,373,39p 115,078 68,408 11,376 55,204 122,607 2,878,790 1,715 27,969 345,471 2,465,911 13,628 14,159 1,497 15,106 3,334 $4,018,951 3,868 47,280 558,557 3,329,264 21, 456 17,052 2,345 32,439 6,690 263,328 $2,051,840 688,270 3,014 3,483 35,215 423,778 2,293 49,534 29, 166 41,699 88 $491,566 2,926 3,405 26,282 338,349 2,943 62,308 32,890 32,294 170 1,915,144 222 1,329 1,029,393 97,272 45,064 599,833 11,649 4,461 125,921 $1,650,204 510 New England Middle Atlantic 247 1,058 85,801 2 64 15,194 128,913 32,049 2,479 5,105 713,339 20 616 147,685 911,708 270,988 1.781 East North Central 708,821 161, 163 West Nortli Central Soutli Atlantic 59, 141 East South Central 504, 459 29,146 5,304 179,819 Mountain Minor seeds. — Table 40 shows, for 1909, the acreage, quantity, and value of the minor seeds produced in the United States as a whole and in the states which lead in the production of each kind. Mustard seed is used mainly as a condiment and sunflower seed probably largely for poultry feed, but the other classes of seeds are for the most part raised for the purpose of planting. It is probable that the quantities reported do not represent the entire production of these classes of seeds, as they were not listed by name in the census schedule. The combined acreage of all these classes of seeds in 1909 was only 81,308, and the total value $769,000. Of the total acreage reported, 72,497 were devoted to sorghum cane seed. The quantity pro- duced was reported to be 833,707 bushels, valued at $544,322. Kansas, Nebraska, Texas, and Oklahoma lead in production. It is believed that in most cases the acreage shown in this table for seeds is separate from and additional to the acreage of the corresponding products, and therefore does not involve duplication. MINOR SEEDS— ACREAGE, PRODUCTION, AND VALUE: 1909. Table 40 KIND OF SEED .A.ND STATE. Acreage. Production (bushels). Value. Total 81,308 $768,625 72,497 704 155 53,706 456 7,209 193 4,250 5,483 341 1,964 4,731 257 3,969 430 76 663 481 1,071 30 184 702 155 1 (^) ^ m 833,707 9,147 3,122 656, 522 6,054 83,134 1,021 30,435 38,683 6,589 '3,168,270 63,677 6,855 49,004 6,330 1,488 5,416 12,531 6,833 1,011 583 1,216 4,023 1389 1200 1189 644,322 5,799 Illinois - . 1,884 404,329 4,775 Nebraska . 46,899 1,248 23,079 Texas 50,255 All other states . ^ 6,054 Mustard seed: 100,731 68,31B 6,264 44,539 5,894 1,621 20,007 Hemp seed ; Chuias seed: Georgia 28,194 14, 752 Illinois 5,050 1,627 3,404 Texas . 4,671 1,789 Penns vlvania 1,400 389 All other seeds 3 612 1 Expressed in pounds. 2 Less than 1 acre, .eludes golden seal seed and anise seed. 396 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. HAY AND FOBAGE. The acreage devoted to hay and forage (Table 42) in 1909 was 72,281,000 and in 1899 was 61,691,000, repre- senting an increase of 17.2 per cent. During the same period the production increased from 79,252,000 tons in 1899 to 97,454,000 in 1909, or 23 per cent, while the value of the crop reported in 1909 was $824,000,000, or 70.2 per cent greater than that reported in 1899, $484,000,000. In 1909 hay and forage occupied 15.1 per cent of all improved farm land and contributed 15 per cent of the total value of all crops. A map on page 385 shows the distribution of the hay and forage acreage among the states. The hay and forage acreage in 1909 was equal to 37.8 per cent of that devoted to all cereals and 73.5 per cent of that occupied by corn alone, but was much larger than that of any of the other cereals. It was equivalent to 15.1 per cent of the improved farm land of the country, but it may be noted that, particularly in the regions west of the Mississippi River, considerable hay is harvested on land which has never been under the plow and which is probably mostly reported as unimproved land. Of the hay and forage acreage reported in 1900 over one-third was in the West North Central division. This division has an acreage nearly twice as great as the East North Central, which ranks second, and over three times as great as the Middle Atlantic, which ranks third. Among the states with a large acreage Iowa and New York are almost equally important, each having in excess of 5,000,000 acres. One other state, Nebraska, has over 4,000,000 acres, eight other states over 3,000,000 acres, four more over 2,000,000 acres, and seven have between 1,000,000 and 2,000,000 acres. The crop is thus more widely distributed than any cereal crop. Table 41 gives the share of each geographic division and of the more important states in the hay and for- age acreage, and the percentage which the acreage of this crop forms of the total improved land in farms in each division and state, together with the average yield per acre and the average value per ton and per acre. Each of the 11 states here listed had at least 4 per cent of the total hay and forage acreage in the United States for 1909, and together they contained 58.9 per cent of this total. In only 3 of these states, Illinois, Missouri, and Kansas, does the proportion of improved land in farms which is devoted to hay and forage f aU below the average for the United States. In New York the acreage of hay and forage is equal to about one- third of the improved land in farms, in Wisconsin and Pennsylvania to practically one-fourth, and in South Dakota and Minnesota to about one-fifth. During the decade the New England and Middle Atlantic divisions lost sUghtly in acreage, but in the other divisions the gains, both absolute and relative, were for the most part considerable. In the two divisions which lost in acreage there was a decrease in aU the states except Vermont. In those divisions which had a greater acreage ia 1909 than in 1899 the only states which did not share in the increase were Indiana and Kansas. Table 41 acreage; 1909 AVERAGE YIELD IN TONS PER ACRE. AVERAGE VALUE PER TON. • AVEl VAim ACI AGE ::PEK DmaiON OE STATE. Per cent of United States total. Per cent of im- proved land. 1909 1899 1909 1S99 1909 1899 rmted states... New England Middle Atlantic East North Central. West North Central. South Atlantic East South Central. West South Central. 100.0 5.3 11.8 20.4 37.9 4.0 3.4 4.6 6.9 5.8 16.1 62.3 29.1 16.6 16.7 6.9 6.7 6.6 31.2 19.1 1.35 1.23 1.32 1.38 1.33 1.02 1.03 1.03 1.73 1.73 1.28 1.13 1.19 1.22 1.34 1.02 1.03 1.48 1.59 1.44 $8.46 12.69 11.66 9.06 6.82 12.97 11.65 8.80 7.73 10.20 $5.76 9.48 8.97 6.26 3.48 9.06 8.39 3.98 6.16 6.31 $11. 40 16.57 15.31 12.52 7.71 13.25 11.92 9.09 13.38 17.69 $7.85 10.78 11.08 8.67 4.78 13.38 10.63 6.15 8.21 Pacific 9.06 Iowa 7.0 7.0 6.3 5.5 5.5 6.0 4.8 4.6 4.6 4.3 4.3 17.1 34.0 18.6 13.2 20.1 14.8 21.7 11.9 17.2 24.4 25.9 1.55 1.40 1.28 1.50 1.53 1.13 1.06 1.30 1.37 1.19 1.62 1.42 1.23 1.24 1.63 1.37 1.17 1.04 .1.18 1.20 1.16 1.37 7.59 10.96 5.49 5.40 4.43 8.27 4.18 9.31 9.37 12.41 8.17 4.38 8.66 3.19 2.56 3.31 4.73 2.60 6.01 6.93 9.33 6.25 11.76 15.34 7.02 8.09 6.77 9.33 4.44 12.11 12.81 14.77 13.27 6.46 New York... 10.72 3.98 Kansas 4.27 Minnp.) -0.8 -13.6 —12.9 12.1 27.0 44.0 159.8 . 203.7 59,232,070 4,818 3,326,190 1,364,256 1, 698, 111 29, 628, 153 13,573,580 9,025,928 38, 877 574,167 12,517,412 567 2,662,048 1,004,277 1,491,275 21,881,977 8,772,133 8,439,547 19,064 248,626 16,714,668 4,261 664,144 369, 979 204,836 7,746,176 4,801,447 2,586,381 19,813 327, 631 39.3 749.7 24.9 35.9 13.7 35.4 54.7 40.2 103.9 132.9 $36,429,176 4,543 1,638,902 751,929 1,095,724 16,146,222 9,116,510 8, 265, 750 52,696 357,000 $19,869,840 346 1,349,588 619,833 805, 669 9,183,650 4,536,187 3,220,595 14,207 139,765 S16, 659,336 4,197 289, 314 132,096 290,056 6,962,572 4,680,323 3,045,156 38,389 217,235 78.3 1,210.1 21.4 21.3 36.0 75.8 101.0 94.6 270.2 165.4 Middle Atlantic: New Jersey Pennsylvania East North Central: Ohio Indiana UUnois West North Central: Iowa Missouri Kansas South Atlantic: Delaware Maryland Virginia West Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Florida Bast South Central: Kentucky Tennessee Alabama Mississippi West South Central: Arkansas Louisiana ^ Oklahoma Texas , PAcmc: California 22,504 1,308 1,143 1,561 10,568 2,274 7,938 4,883 6,229 7,956 40,838 2,079 84,740 48,878 84,038 21,996 11,882 26,216 66,613 66,045 22,388 66,963 6,068 42,010 5,111 20,688 3,443 3,796 3,989 7,534 2,688 9,844 4,670 2,266 6,469 40,681 3,393 68,730 48,831 70,620 22,791 14,178 23,374 50,865 38,169 13,271 27,372 > 3,676 43,561 "1,607 1,916 -2,137 -2,853 -2,428 3,034 -414 -1,906 313 2,964 1,487 157 -1,314 18,010 47 13,418 -796 -2,296 2,842 15,748 17,876 9,117 29,581 1,480 -1,551 3,604 9.3 -62.1 -60.9 40.3 -15.4 -19.4 6.8 130.9 23.0 0.4 -38.7 23.3 0.1 19.0 -3.5 -18.2 12.2 31.0 46.8 68.7 108.1 41.4 -3.8 218.0 3,186,499 128,770 133, 798 178, 300 1,050,932 232,413 876, 234 558,021 733,748 1,065,956 6,270,202 215,682 8,493,283 4,319,926 7,426,131 2,083,685 1,326,246 2,604,490 6,314,857 4,427,988 1,885,308 4,251,088 359,461 2,730,083 572,814 2,418,641 234,724 249,767 239,487 511, 695 224,622 743, 377 474, 810 222,166 877, 848 4, 470, 602 202,424 6,781,587 3,369,967 6,087,674 2,049,784 925,786 1,571,575 3,467,386 2,817,388 998, 767 1,885,482 •276,183 3,299,135 239,029 767, 858 -106, 954 -115, 969 -61,187 539, 237 7,791 132,857 83, 211 511,581 388,108 799,600 13,158 2,711,696 949,969 2,338,457 33,881 400,459 932, 915 1,857,471 1,610,602 686,541 2,386,604 83,288 -669,052 333,785 31.7 -45.1 -46.4 -26.6 106.4 3.6 17.9 17.5 230.3 57.3 17.9 6.5 46.9 28.2 46.0 1.7 43.3 59.4 63.7 57.2 68.7 127.9 30.2 -17.2 139.6 1,527,074 104,434 104, 181 139, 886 508, 760 125, 783 567,413 373, 432 276, 879 483, 751 2, 681, 472 170, 086 4,333,297 2, 606, 806 4,349,806 1,231,238 839, 454 1,625,056 3,578,710 3,073,290 1,359,669 2,357,729 360,653 2,197,799 366,624 1,213,010 130,990 158, 103 166,585 303,838 128,981 424,470 224,049 96,668 317,482 1,720,188 125, 523 2, 119, 956 1,538,206 2,354,390 898,282 607,038 883, 620 1,687,039 1,458,490 634,616 859,733 •137,231 1,689,015 135, 612 314,064 -26,666 -63,922 -15,699 203,122 -3,218 142,943 149,383 180, 113 166,289 961,284 44,583 2,213,341 1,068,401 1,995,416 332,956 332,416 741, 436 1,891,671 1,614,800 825,053 1,497,996 213,322 508,784 220,012 25.9 -20.3 -34.1 -10.1 66.9 -2.5 33.7 86.7 188.5 52.4 55.9 35.5 104.4 89.5 84.8 37.1 65.6 83.9 112.1 110.7 154.3 174.2 166.4 30.1 ' Per cent not calonlated where base is less than 100. Other vegetables (Table 48). — Except for potatoes and sweet potatoes and yams, which are generally grown in considerable quantities, it is practically impossible to obtain a correct total of the acreage, production, or value of individual kinds of vegetables. Enumerators were instructed to obtain from every farm a separate report for any vegetable grown for sale in considerable quantities, and in all cases to ascertain the total acreage in vegetables of all classes combin'ed, whether grown for farm use or for sale, and the total value of the product. It is scarcely likely, however, that the total acreage and value reported are as accurate in the case of vegetables as in the case of the major crops, since on many farms the production of vegetables is practically confined 72497°— 13 26 • Includes Indian Territory. to small kitchen gardens. In fact, 707,763 farms reported farm gardens in which vegetables other than potatoes were grown for farm use, but faUed to give any acreage or value. In all probability, therefore, the totals obtained from the returns are understate- ments. In tabulating the statistics the Census Bureau has distinguished between farms which reported the pro- duction in 1909 of vegetables (other than potatoes and sweet potatoes and yams) valued at $500 or more and those on which the product was valued at less than that amount. Farms of the former group usually produce vegetables chiefly for sale, while on a large proportion of the other farms they are raised primarily, if not exclusively, for home consumptiom. 402 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. The acreage of vegetables covered by the table was 2,763,269 in 1909, which was equal to 0.6 per cent of the total improved farm acreage of the country, and was 27.8 per cent greater than the acreage reported 1899. The value of the vegetables reported increased from $120,282,000 in 1899 to $216,257,000 in 1909, or 79.8 per cent, and in 1909 constituted 3.9 per cent of the total value of farm crops. The acreage of vegetables on farms which produced at least $500 worth of vegetables amounted in 1909 to 566,517, or a little over one-fifth of the total acreage in vegetables, but the value of the vegetables grown on such farms, $60,105,000, represented 27.8 per cent of the total value reported. As judged by the acreage and by the value of the product, the South Atlantic was the most important division in the production of miscellaneous vegetables, the East North Central ranking second. The produc- tion of vegetables is, however, widely distributed over the entire country. VEGETABLES (EXCLUDING POTATOES AND SWEET POTATOES AND YAMS)— ACREAGE AND VALUE. Table 48 PRODUCED ON ALL FARMS TAKEN TOGETHER. PRODUCED ON FARMS .BEPOETING A PRODUCT VALUED DIVISION OR STATE. produced on all farms taken together. PRODUCED ON FARMS REPORTINQ A PRODUCT VALUED DIVISION OK STATE. Acreage. Value. AT $600 OR over: 1909 Acreage. Value. AT $500 OR over: 1909 1909 1899 1909 1899 Acre- age. Value. 1909 1899 1909 1899 Acre- age. Value. United States.. 2,763,269 8,162,130 $216,257,088 $120,281,811 666,517 $60,104,604 South Atlantic: Delaware Maryland Dist. Columbia. Virginia West Virginia.. North Carolina . South Carolina . Georgia Florida 22,939 108,084 964 124,354 43,624 95,980 61,994 91,413 67,600 115,007 100,056 69,468 61,223 60,261 38, 221 51,011 124,690 7,300 10,029 2,933 32,422 8,219 4,302 7,006 1,952 24,410 23,129 79,163 23,987 100,403 986 99,002 29,290 64,698 40,771 73,907 26,762 83,634 76,408 66,822 60,589 45,355 26,606 133,463 111,899 4,272 6,332 1,431 15, 496 4,034 2,192 6,023 924 13,848 16,345 32,401 $1,102,620 5,729,400 167,376 8,989,467 4,619,894 6,496,308 3,705,991 5,680,368 6,314,313 8,287,497 7,015,686 5,379,677 5,868,275 4,843,442 3,000,864 2,610,239 8,099,306 928,906 1,007,667 332,120 2,349,634 567,154 379,293 717,776 264,122 2,988,610 2,448,917 6,886,886 $826,244 3,978,267 87,616 4,868,459 1,697,028 3,121,492 2,091,174 3,053,898 1,954,802 4,418,816 3,445,553 2,642,566 2,831,710 2,245,687 1,763,860 11,439,614 6,260,638 378,792 391,316 87,882 1,131,960 207,424 136, 608 396,099 98,781 1,040,668 1,074,468 2,868,832 3,710 69,762 862 19,512 1,759 6,281 9,228 9,492 33,482 4,227 3,624 3,846 4,302 1,175 6,603 1,819 19,439 1,046 1,026 228 8,836 984 1,570 1,630 920 4,154 3,851 63,369 $239,450' 2,713,405 154,729' 1,876,624 193,266 440,363 797,647 596,069 4,697,220 447,346 Geographic divs.: New England Middle Atlantic. E. N. Central W.N. Central... South Atlantic... E.S. Central W.S. Central.... 101, 436 355,740 519, 003 369,447 596,852 345,763 274,173 74,163 126,702 79,793 301,223 406, 704 328,731 469,705 265, 453 217,223 40,704 62,594 12,888,885 33,543,797 39,164,621 24,078,168 42,605,737 26,651,036 18,553,851 6,646,672 12,324,312 7,808,535 21,981,048 21,890,473 15,081,722 21,678,980 13, 338, 646 10,699,689 2,828,751 4,973,968 27,380 129, 547 106,443 36, 410 144,088 15,999 29, 036 16,240 61,374 6,987,028 16,458,878 10,532,617 2,937,642 11,707,673 1,684,997 3,026,167 2,308,016 6, 462, 686 Mountain Pacific E. S. Central: Kentucky Tennessee Alabama Mississippi W. S. Central: Arkansas Louisiana Oklahoma Texas New Englaub: Maine 25,288 8,855 8,548 37,220 6,275 16,260 176,402 86,227 94,111 123,461 114,267 120,291 90, 861 70,123 46,021 80,402 129,670 13,383 15,150 36,164 48,757 20,012 7,357 6,131 29,779 5,165 12,349 144,318 77,779 79,126 103,346 95, 434 110,845 57,501 39,578 28,361 83,193 116,236 4,289 7,964 34,532 54,166 2,153,003 1,071,551 872,183 6,189,857 636,656 1,966,635 15,963,384 7, 566, 493 10,013,920 11,393,791 7,498,024 9,392,296 6,286,645 4,593,865 3,359,062 5,266,411 8,268,281 1,069,125 1,033,163 2,118,393 2,963,733 1,245,235 627,271 371,744 3,745,348 552,036 1,266,902 10,656,058 5,020,130 6,304,860 6,446,236 4,524,435 6,304,903 3,394,265 2,220,634 1,503,401 3,609,127 6,544,337 256, 206 389,717 1,438,629 2,440,305 1,534 904 832 17,269 2,105 4,736 59,208 62,492 17,847 26,225 16,829 36,796 11,933 14,660 6,195 14,437 8,648 321 667 2,654 4,488 277,204 158,447 111,530 4,277,296 360,995 801,656 7,661,639 5,186,969 2,710,270 3,259,193 1,327,017 3,291,585 1,528,349 1,126,373 614,895 773,011 860,488 41,109 82,862 182,924 382, 263 343,784 420,322 New Hampshire. Vermont Massachusetts . . . Hhode Island . . . Connecticut 473,546 121,472 731,673 131,364 2,040,758 236,593 194,239 61,687 1,110,423 New York New Jersey Pennsylvania ... E. N. Central: Ohio Mountain: Montana Wyoming Colorado New Mexico Arizona Utah TndiaTia 144,466 Dlinois 184,623 Michigan Wisconsin W. N. Central: Minnesota 226,613 160,373 964,006 672,679 4,836,001 Nevada Pacific: Washington.... California 1 North Dakota . . . South Dakota . . . Nebraska TTanpfls 1 Includes Indian Territory. TOBACCO. Detailed statistics concerning the tobacco crop of 1909, with comparative figures for 1899, are given iu Table 50. Table 49 gives percentages and averages for the important producing divisions and states, based mainly on Table 50. The tobacco crop is more localized than most other staple crops. In the aggregate, 1,294,911 acres were in tobacco in 1909, representing 0.3 per cent of the improved farm acreage of the country. In the distri- bution of this acreage, the East South Central division, containiag 43.3 per cent of the total, led all others. This figure was closely approximated, however, by the South Atlantic division, which contained 37.6 per cent of the total acreage. The combined acreage in the East North Central and Middle Atlantic divisions was only about half as great as that in the South Atlantic division alone. The acreage of tobacco in New England was small and that in the region west of the Mississippi was quite insignificant. The state of Kentucky had the greatest area in tobacco — 469,795 acres. North Carolina was next in order, but had an acreage less than half that of Kentucky. The only other states having an acreage in excess of 100,000 were Virginia and Ohio. These four states had three-fourths of the entire acreage devoted to this crop. The proportion of the improved farm land in to- bacco was larger in the East South Central divi- sion (1.3 per cent) than in any other, though in the South Atlantic division it was only slightly less (1 per cent). The leading states exceeded this proportion considerably. In 1909, as compared with 1899, there was an in- crease in the area in tobacco of 193,451 acres, or 17.6 per cent. In the division having the largest acreage,. FARM CROPS, BY STATES. 403 the East South Central, the gain was over 100,000 acres, or 22.4 per cent. An absolute gain about half as great occurred in the East North Central division, where the relative increase was nearly 50 per cent. It is noticeable that in the South Atlantic division the increase was much less, amounting to only 4.6 per cent. Next to Kentucky, where the acreage in 1909 was 84,990 more than in 1899, the greatest gain was in Ohio. Table 49 acbeaoe; 1909 AVERAGE TIELD IN POUNDS AVEBAGE VALUE PEE POUND. AVERAGE VALUE PEB DIVIBION OB STATE. Per cent of United States total. Per cent of im- proved land. PEE ACRE. 1909 1899 1909 1899 1909 1899 XTnited States... New England Middle Atlantic East North Central. South Atlantic East South Central.. All other divisions . . 100.0 1.7 3.5 13.3 37.6 43.3 0.6 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 1.0 1.3 W 816 1,746 1,123 919 686 834 m 788 1,675 1,420 1,035 645 794 m $0.10 0.16 0.08 0.10 0.10 0.10 m $0.07 0.17 0.07 0.07 0.06 0.06 m ?80. 55 260 76 94.41 87.71 67.38 81.26 $51.74 288.69 105. 76 71.66 39.99 46.63 m Kentucky . . . 36.3 17.1 14.3 8.2 3.3 2.6 1.9 0.6 848 626 717 832 817 628 667 923 0.10 0.10 0.09 0.10 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.07 84.86 62.41 66.63 84.51 48.19 39.59 39.11 6a 10 North Carolina Virginia Ohio 1 Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. 2 Not calculated because ot^unimportanoe of crop. The production in 1909 was 1,056,000,000 poimds and was greater by 21.6 per cent than that in 1899, 868,000,000 pounds. The greatest absolute increase was in the East South Central division, but larger per- centages of increase are noted in the case of the West North Central and New England divisions. The average yield per acre ia 1909 was 815 pounds. In New England it was more than double this amount, and in the Middle Atlantic and East North Central divi- sions it was considerably higher than the average. In these divisions tobacco is grown ia limited areas pecu- harly adapted to its cultivation. As compared with 1899, the United States as a whole and each of the divi- sions except the Middle Atlantic and East North Central show alarger yield per acre in 1909, indicating a greater relative iacrease in the production than in the acreage. The average value per pound was greater in 1909 than ia 1899, and this, combined with an increased yield per acre, brought about a very marked iacrease in the value per acre. The total value of the crop was much greater in 1909 ($104,303,000) than ia 1899 ($56,988,000). The value of tobacco constituted 1.9 per cent of the total value of crops in 1909. TOBACCO— ACREAGE, PRODUCTION, AND VALUE, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES: 1909 AND 1899. [A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease. States are not named when the acreage was less than 1,000 in 1909.] Vable 50 ACEEAGE. PEODUCTION (POUNDS). VALUE. DIVISION OR STATE. 1909 1899 Increase. 1909 1899 Increase. 1909 1899 Increase. Amount. Perct. Amount. Per ct. Amount. Per ct. United States 1,291,911 1,101,460 193,451 17.6 1,056,764,806 868,112,865 187,651,941 21.6 $104,302,856 $56,987,902 $47,314,954 83.0 Geographic divisions: 21,745 45,852 171,973 5,709 487,411 560,523 1,683 11 4 14,212 39,069 115,810 4,706 465,754 457,998 3,857 8 46 7,533 6,783 56, 163 1,003 21,667 102,526 -2, 174 3 -42 53.0 17.4 48.5 21.3 4.6 22.4 -56.4 (') (>) 37,961,893 51,510,925 167,969,786 5,704,572 334,669,496 467,348,072 700,915 3,467 5,691 23,810,624 65,461,710 119,861,780 3,349,811 300,194,090 363,820,310 1,592,830 2,510 29,300 14,151,369 -3,950,786 38,108,006 2,354,761 34,375,406 103,527,762 -891,916 947 -23,609 69.4 -7.1 31.8 70.3 11.6 28.5 -56.0 37.7 -80.6 6,670,002 4,328,854 15,082,892 713,321 32,843,166 45,548,716 114,462 778 685 4,101,428 4,131,623 8,298,696 245,726 18,627,038 21,355,283 222,392 408 5,308 1,568,674 197,231 6,784,196 467,596 14,216,118 24,193,433 -107,940 370 -4,623 38.2 Middle Atlantic East North Central West North Central. . . . pnnt.h Atlantic 4.8 81.7 190.3 76.3 East South Central West South Central. . . . 113.3 -48.6 90.7 Pacific —87.1 New England: Massachusetts 5,521 16,042 4,109 41,742 106,477 23,694 1,313 40,458 * 5,433 26,072 186,427 17,928 221,890 30,082 2,026 3,987 469,796 90,468 3,826 10,119 11,307 27,760 71,422 8,219 2,242 33,830 4,361 42,911 184,334 5,129 203,023 26,993 2,304 2,056 384,805 71,849 1,696 5,923 -7,198 13,982 35,065 15,476 -929 6,628 1,072 -16,839 1,093 12,799 18,867 4,089 -279 1,931 84,990 18,619 44.3 58.5 -63.7 50.4 49.1 188.3 -41.4 19.6 24.6 -39.2 0.6 249.5 9.3 15.7 -12.1 93.9 22.1 25.9 9,549,306 28,110,453 6,345,035 46,164,800 88,603,308 21,387,824 1,029,616 46,909,182 5,372,738 17,845,699 132,979,390 14,356,400 138,813,163 26,683,049 1,486,994 3,605,801 398,482,301 68,766,699 6,406,570 16,930,770 13,958,370 41,502,620 65,957,100 6,882,470 1,447,150 45,500,480 3,041,996 24,689,480 122,884,900 3,087,140 127,503,400 19,896,970 1,105,600 1,126,600* 314,288,050 49,167,660 3,142,736 11,179,683 -8,613,335 4,662,180 22,646,208 14,505,354 -417,534 1,408,702 2,330,742 -6,743,781 10,094,490 11,269,260 11,309,763 6,687,079 380,394 2,380,201 84,194,261 19,699,049 49.1 66.0 -61.7 11.2 34.3 210.8 -28.9 3.1 76.6 -27.4 8.2 365.0 8.9 28.6 34.4 211.5 26.8 39.9 1,218,060 4,416,948 402,517 3,926,116 8,998,887 2,145,193 80,389 3,855,033 676,479 1,457,112 12,169,086 1, 923, 180 13,847,559 2,123,576 297,167 1,025,476 39,868,763 5,661,681 956,399 3,074,022 1,172,236 2,969,304 4,864,191 446,668 85,411 2,898,091 218,991 2 1,438,169 7,210,195 228,620 8,038,691 1,297,293 159,669 254,211 18,541,982 2,748,495 261,661 1,341,926 -769,719 966,812 4,134,696 1,699,536 -6,022 956,942 467,488 18,943 4,958,891 1,694,560 5,808,868 826,283 137,608 771,265 21,326,771 2,913,186 27.4 Connecticut 43.7 Middle Atlantic: New York -65.7 Pftnnfsylvanifl. . . . 32.7 East North Central: Ohio 85.0 Tndiana . . . 381.4 -5.9 33.0 West North Central: 208.9 South Atlantic: 1.3 Virginia..' 68.8 West Virginia 741.2 North Carolina 72.3 63.7 86.1 303.4 East South Central: 115.0 106.0 1 Per cent not calculated where base Is less than 100. ' Corrected from 1900 Report on Agriculture, Part n. 404 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. COTTON AND COTTON SEED. Cotton (Table 52) .—Of the 32,043,838 acres of cot- ton harvested in 1909, the West South Central divi- sion contained nearly half, the South Atlantic division 28.1 per cent, and the East South Central division 24.7 per cent. Though cotton is reported from three other divisions, the acreages are comparatively insig- nificant. There are, however, three counties in south- eastern Missouri in which the cotton acreage is considerable. Texas, with nearly 10,000,000 acres, has considerably over one-fourth of the total area in this crop, and Georgia has about half the acre- age of Texas, whUe Alabama and Mississippi, which follow in the order named, have each more than 3,000,000 acres in cotton. The four states named report about 70 per cent of the total acreage. The accompanying map shows graphically the distribution of the cotton acreage among the states. The prominence of cotton in the agriculture of the South is indicated by the large percentages of the total improved land occupied by this crop in the southern divisions, as shown by Table 51. In the South as a whole cotton occupied 21.2 per cent of the improved farm land. In each of the four states shown in Table 51 the cotton acreage exceeds one- third of all the improved land in farms. The area in cotton increased from 1899 to 1909 by 7,768,737 acres, or 32 per cent. Of this gaia more than half was reported from the West South Central division, there being a gain of nearly 3,000,000 acres in the state of Texas and of over 1,000,000 acres in the state of Oklahoma. A gaia of over 1,000,000 acres was reported in Georgia. The percentage of increase in the West South Central division exceeded that for the United States as a whole, and that in the South Atlantic division almost equaled it, but the rate of gain in the East South Central division was considerably less. Table 51 acreage: 1909 AVERAGE TIELD IN BALES FEB AVERAGE VALUE PER AVERAGE VALUE PEB DIYISION OE SIATE. Per cent of United States total. Per cent of im- proved land. ACRE. 1909 1899 1909 1899 1909 1899 TTnlted States.. West North Central South Atlantic East South Central. WestSouthCentral. All other divisions. . 100.0 0.3 28.1 24.7 46.9 (') 6.7 0.1 18.6 18.0 25.8 P) 0.33 0.56 0.45 0.32 0.27 0.39 0.56 0.39 0.39 0.39 $66.07 62.25 63.45 69.53 66.56 m $33.96 33.20 33.59 34.85 33.62 «21.96 35.14 28.28 22.15 17.98 fl3.34 18.61 13.26 13.77 13.09 («) 31.0 15.2 H.6 10.6 36.3 39.7 38.5 37.7 0.25 0.41 0.30 0.33 0.36 0.37 0.35 0.45 66.28 63.69 65.70 73.77 33.65 83.02 33.43 36.03 16.39 25.94 19.89 24.45 Georgia. .. 13 94 Alabama 13.14 18.65 1 Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. ' Not calculated because of unimportance of crop. COTTON— ACREAGE, PRODUCTION, AND VALUE, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES: 1909 AND 1899. [A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease. States are not named when the acreage was less than 1,000 in 1909.] Table 52 raVISrON OR STATE. 1909 1899 Increase. Amount. Per ct. PRODUCTION (BUNNINQ BALES). 1909 1899 Increase. Amount. Per ct, 1909 1899 Increase. Amoimt. Per ct. XTolted States. Geographic divisions: West North Central.. South Atlantic East South Central... West South Central . . Mountain Pacific West North Central: Missouri South Atlantic: Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Florida East South Central; Kentucky Alabama Mississippi West South Central: Arkansas Louisiana Oklahoma Texas 32,043,838 24,276,101 7,768,737 32.0 10,649,268 9,534,707 1,114,561 11.7 «703,6ig,303 «323,758,171 1379,861,132 117.3 96,563 9,002,776 7,926,019 15,017,347 809 324 45,749 6,842,489 6,725,588 10,661,219 56 50,814 2,160,287 1,200,431 4,356,128 753 324 111.1 31.6 17.8 40.9 (') 54,508 4,012,942 2,524,714 4,056,704 217 183 96,527 25,147 1,274,404 2,556,467 4,883,304 263,464 7,811 787,516 3,730,482 3,400,210 2,153,222 957, Oil 1,976,935 9,930,179 46,596 25,724 1,007,020 2,074,081 3,513,839 221,825 2,396 623,137 3,202,135 2,897,920 1,641,855 1,376,254 > 682, 743 6,960,387 50,931 -577 267,384 482,386 1,369,465 41,629 5,415 164,379 528,347 502,290 611,367 -419,243 1,294,192 2,969,812 111.7 -2.2 26.6 23.3 39.0 18.8 226.0 26.4 16.6 17.3 31.1 -3D. 6, 189.6 42.7 64,498 10,480 666, 132 1,279,868 1,992,408 66,066 3,469 264, 562 1,129,627 1, 127, 156 776,879 268,909 555, 742 2,455,174 25,646 2,701,766 2,656,599 4,150,658 25,576 10,789 459,707 881,422 1,287,992 61,856 1,369 234,592 1, 106, 840 1,313,798 709,880 709,041 • 225, 626 2,506,212 28,862 1,311,176 -131,885 -93,954 179 183 112.5 48.5 -5.0 -2.3 (') 3,393,040 254,636,995 175,543,582 270,018,704 15,238 11,744 861,478 90,759,735 92,590,366 139,554,349 2,243 2,541,562 163,877,260 82,953,216 130,464,356 12,995 11,744 28,922 -309 205,425 398,444 704,416 3,200 2,100 29,970 22,687 -186,642 66,999 -440, 132 330, 217 -51,038 113.1 -2.9 44.7 45.2 54.7 5.2 163.4 12.8 2.0 -14.2 9.4 -62.1 148.4 -2.0 3,392,440 695, 721 42,066,099 80,337,946 126,695,612 4,841,6^ 223,024 17,966,617 74,206,236 83,148,805 64,559,503 17,324,804 35,399,356 162,735,041 849,199 346,600 15,696,952 29,590,152 42,534,235 2,591,796 62,812 8,192,642 37,004,698 47,340,314 24,671,445 23,523,143 '7,027,048 84,332,713 2,643,241 349,121 26,369,147 50,747,793 84,161,377 2,249,736 170,212 9,773,876 37,21)0,638 35,808,491 29,888,058 -6,198,339 28,372,308 78,402,328 298.5 180.6 93.5 579.4 299.5 100.7 168.0 171.5 197.9 86.8 322.3 119.3 100.5 76.6 121.1 -26.3 403.8 93.0 ' Per cent not calculated where base is less than 100. « Includes Indian Territory. FARM CROPS, BY STATES. 405 The total production of cotton in 1909 was 10,649,000 bales, an increase of 1,115,000 bales, or 11.7 per cent, over that of 1899. The yield of cotton was 0.33 bale per acre in 1909, as against 0.39 bale per acre in 1899. In each of the southern divisions,, except the South Atlantic, there was a smaller average yield in 1909 than 10 years earlier. As a result the relative gain in pro- duction for the country is less than the relative gain in acreage. Two divisions, the East and West South Central, reported a smaller crop than 10 years pre- viously. On the other hand, in the South Atlantic division the crop increased nearly one-half. The average value of cotton per bale, which was $33.96 in 1899, was $66.07 in 1909, an advance of nearly 95 per cent. Hence, with an increased production, the total value of the cotton crop m 1909, $703,619,000, was larger than that of 1899 by $379,861,000, or 117.3 per cent. The increase in the value of the crop was sufficient to offset losses in acreage and yield, except in Louisiana. The value of the cotton crop of 1909 was 12.8 per cent of the total value of crops for the country as a whole; for the South alone cotton represents 36.6 per cent of the total value of crops. COTTON. ACREAGE, BY STATES: 1909. Cotton seed (Table 53) . — The agricultural schedules of 1910 and 1900 did not call for the quantity of cot- ton seed produced or its value, but the schedule of 1910 called for the quantity and value of the cotton seed sold during 1909. It was believed that, for various reasons, it would be impossible for many farmers to report accurately the total quantity of cotton seed produced. Inasmuch, however, as the sales of cotton seed are much less than the total produc- tion, it seemed desirable to make a rough estimate of the total quantity and value of cotton seed produced. It has been the usual custom among farmers and in the cotton trade to assume that (m the case of upland cotton, which constitutes the great bulk of the crop) about one-thu-d of the weight of the seed cotton is lint and two-thirds seed. Although during recent years the ratios have probably been nearer 35 per cent Imt and 65 per cent seed, the bureau has made its estimates of the production of cotton seed on the more customary basis. It has further assumed for convenience that a bale of cotton as reported by the farmer contains 500 pounds of lint cotton, which is probably a slight exaggeration, inasmuch as no allow- ance is made for bagging and ties. The production of cotton seed by counties and states, and for the South as a whole has, in other words, been estimated by the simple method of allowing 1,000 pounds of seed for each bale of cotton. Aside from a considerable margin of error in the total quantity thus estimated for the South as a whole, there is doubtless some addi- tional error in individual counties . The value of cotton seed has been estimated for 1899 by multiplying the estimated total quantity produced by the average price reported by the cottonseed-oil mills as paid for the seed purchased during that year; and for 1909 by multiplying the estimated quantity produced by the average value per ton reported by farmers for the seed sold by them. It is assumed that the average value of the entire crop is the same as the average 406 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. value of that part sold. Table 53 shows the esti- mated quantity and value of cotton seed produced for 1909 and 1899 for the country as a whole and by geographic divisions. The estimated quantity of cotton seed produced in 1899 was 4,767,000 tons, and in 1909, 5,325,000 tons. The estimated value of the cotton seed in 1899 was $46,951,000, and in 1909, $121,077,000, an mcrease of 157.9 per cent, as compared with an increase of 117.3 per cent in the value of lint cotton produced. The total quantity of cotton seed reported by farmers as sold during 1909 was 2,075,000 tons, and its value $47,350,000. SUGAR Sugar and related products are obtained in the United States from three widely different classes of plants — cane (sugar cane and sorghum cane), beets, and maple trees. Ordinary sugar is derived from sugar cane and sugar beets. Beet sugar is made alto- gether in large factories, which are covered by the manufactures census, and this report relates only to the production of the beets. Most of the sugar cane also is crushed in mills covered by the manufactures census. Some, however, is crushed in mills on farms and plantations, the operations of which can not be separated from the agricultural operations, so that the products are included in the present report; these mills, however, make practically no sugar, their chief product being sirup. A part of the sorghum cane produced is used for fodder, but there are numerous small mills which crush it for the purpose of producing sirup. Almost all of these mills are on farms, and the quantity as weU as the value of their product in that case is covered by the census of agriculture. Maple sirup and maple sugar are almost whoUy made on farms. Sugar cane (Table 54). — The acreage in sugar cane in 1909 was 476,849, an increase of 23.2 per cent as compared with 1899. The production in 1909 was 6,240,000 tons, representing an increase of 48.5 per cent. The value of the sugar cane in 1909, including that of the sugar, sirup, and molasses reported on the agricultural schedules, was $26,416,000, and consti- tuted 0.5 per cent of the total value of farm crops for the country. The value of sugar cane produced in the South represented 1.4 per cent of the value of all crops of that sectiop. More than two-thirds of the total acreage of sugar cane in 1909 was in Louisiana, and most of the remainder in Georgia, Texas, Alabama, and Mississippi. Satisfactory comparison can not be made between the total value of the product as reported for 1909 and that for 1899, for the reason that in 1899 reports of many large mills on plantations were included in the agricultural census, while most such mills in 1909 were covered by the manufactures census. A much larger proportion of the value given for the earlier year therefore consists of the value of the manu- factured product — sugar and molasses. COTTON SEED— ESTIMATED PRODUCTION AND VALUE. Table 53 ESTIMATED PEODUCTION (TONS). ESTIMATED VALITE. DIVISION. 1909 1899 1909 1899 Per cent ol in- crease. TTnlted States.... West NorUi Central.... South Atlantic- 6,324,634 27,254 2,006,471 1,262,357 2,028,352 109 91 4,767,353 12,823 1,350,883 1,328,299 2,075,329 19 $121,076,984 585,969 48,468,186 28,747,084 43,273,088 1,625 1,032 $46,960,676 55,304 14,049,551 12,737,092 20,108,566 62 167.9 959.5 245.0 East South Central West South Central .... Mountain. . . 125.7 115.2 (') Pacific ' Per cent not calculated where base is less than 100. CROPS. SUGAR CANE— ACREAGE, PRODUCTION, AND VALUE. Table 64 STATE. ACEEAGE. PEODUCTION (TONS) . VALDE.i 1909 1899 1909 1899 1909 1899 United States.. AIahf).ma. 476,849 27,211 3,330 12,928 37,046 329,684 24,861 294 7,053 34,315 127 386,986 32,871 460 13,800 26,056 276,966 11,552 25 7,342 17,824 90 6,240,260 226,634 19,868 142,517 317,460 4,941,996 222,600 1,494 59,865 307,502 324 4,202,202 267,857 4,097 140,729 284,410 3,137,338 122,384 199 73,702 170,485 1,001 $26,415,952 1,527,166 152,298 1,089,698 2,268,110 17,752,537 1,506,887 10,697 434,634 1,669,683 4,242 $20,641,636 1,469,000 25,285 723,176 1,480,704 14,627,282 804,870 1,412 429,425 977,053 3,429 ArlrftTiRas. . Florida Georgia Mississippi North Carolina South Carolina Texas All other states 1 The values given include the value of sugar, sirup, and molasses, so far as covered by the agricultural census. See text as to Incomparability of the two censuses. Of the 6,240,000 tons of sugar cane produced in 1909, 4,639,000 tons were sold,' the amount received there- from being $16,766,000; in 1899, out of 4,202,000 tons produced, only 1,126,000 tons, valued at $3,882,000, were sold. The average value per ton for the cane sold was $3.61 in 1909 and $3.45 in 1899, and assuming the same value per ton for the rest of the cane, the total value of cane produced in 1909 would be $22,527,000 and the value of that produced in 1899 would be $14,498,000. These figures represent an increase of 55.4 per cent in the total value of the crop. In 1909 the plantation miUs covered by the agricul- tural census made 21,633,579 gallons of sirup, 125,647 pounds of sugar, and 4,153 gallons of molasses. The total value of these products was reported as $9,650,000. No satisfactory comparison can be made between 1909 and 1899 as to the amount of sirup, sugar, and molasses made on plantations, for the reason already stated. The total production of cane sugar in factories cov- ered by the manufactures census in 1909 was 326,858 tons; of molasses, 24,588,000^ gallons; and of sirup, 1,450,000^ gallons; these figures all being additional to those derived from the agricultural census. ' Including that delivered to mills owned by the plantation but covered by the manufactures census. 2 Does not include the operations of four establishments which manufacture sugar, two of which were operated in connection with penal institutions and two of which were engaged primarily in the manufacture of products other than those covered by the industry designated. The output of these establishments was 7,281 tone of sugar and 693,302 gallons of molasses. FARM CROPS, BY STATES. 407 Sorghum cane (Table 55). — The acreage of sor- ghum cane in 1909 was 444,089, or 51.5 per cent more than in 1899. And although the production was 13.8 per cent less than in the earlier year, probably on ac- count of unfavorable weather conditions in 1909, the value of the crop, amounting in 1909 to $10,174,000, or 0.2 per cent of the total value of all farm crops, showed a great increase. The value as stated includes that of the sirup made on farms. , The amount of such suiip wag 16,532,000 gallons, valued at $7,963,000, and the value of the cane sold or used as forage was $2,211,000. The amount of sirup made in 1899 was 16,973,000 gallons and its value, $5,288,000. The crop is quite widely distributed through the country, but is much more important in the South than in the North or the West, The leading states in acreage in 1909 were Kentucky, Texas, Tennessee, Missouri, and Arkansas. SOEGHUM CANE— ACREAGE, PRODUCTION, AND VALUE. Table 55 STATE. ACREAGE. PKODUCnON (TONS). VALTJE.l 1909 1899 1909 1899 1909 1899 United States 444,089 17,819 686 33,071 647 3,169 379 15,612 16,039 12,263 6,225 15,406 62,327 1,690 416 1,709 17,851 45,088 4,034 2,371 21,227 4,709 25,546 8,445 52,907 65,027 340 8,288 8,607 2,281 1,020 293,152 14,831 133 17,684 140 51 "ii,'663 9,158 7,955 8,287 20,689 21,982 937 377 2,283 15,734 30,997 4,778 81 20,227 5,037 2 16,477 7,250 31,364 26,803 371 8,039 6,870 2,399 665 1,647,262 72,388 1,451 93,123 3,021 7,161 2,173 64,336 90,287 79,672 28,967 60,821 226,303 6,073 2,766 13,263 65,369 201,206 10,477 2,819 86,462 28,644 64,699 27,612 205,901 101,691 1,654 41,449 48,094 13,735 5,776 1,910,046 93,299 953 122,779 1,085 349 $10,174,457 450,263 13,886 658,075 14,826 43,620 10,113 419,561 496,114 466,618 173, 259 251,762 1,416,565 34,277 18,595 83,966 343,641 1,036,263 61,025 26,877 541,294 180,643 489,112 186,358 1,145,932 955,769 12,878 223,224 300,218 84,626 37,297 $6,103,102 371,356 4,882 368,816 3,788 1,107 78,768 84,326 65,685 68,347 88,846 152,321 6,091 2,787 14,369 119,164 201, 165 14,119 314 112,056 38,769 2 49,237 49,530 226,523 174,965 3,080 73, 137 66,469 16,963 4,560 250,592 223,344 193,066 218,999 279,029 449,276 18,367 10,486 59,714 Mississippi 323,417 660,624 Nebraska 74,817 1,963 North. Carolina 446,897 126,781 Oklahoma 2 164, 111 178,323 Tennessee 647,129 554,790 Utah 13,435 196,916 189,935 64,444 16,709 ' The values given include the value of sorghum simp so far as covered by the agricultural census. 2 Includes Indian Territory. Sugar beets. — As shown in Table 56, the acreage of sugar beets in the United States in 1909, 364,093, was more than three times as great as in 1899; the produc- tion, 3,933,000 tons, was nearly five times as great; and the value, $19,881,000, was almost six times as great. The average value per ton in 1909 was $5.06 and in 1899, $4.19. The crop in 1909 occupied 0.1 per cent of the improved farm acreage of the countiy, and its value constituted 0.4 per cent of the value of all crops. Although sugar beets intended for sugar manufac- ture are now raised in a considerable number of states, much the greater part of the production is in Colorado, CaUfornia, Mchigan, Utah, Idaho, and Wisconsin. The development in Colorado during the past decade has been particularly striking. In addition to the sugar beets covered by this table, which has been confined as far as practicable to those raised for the purpose of making sugar, small quanti- ties are raised in many states for forage. SUGAR BEETS— ACREAGE, PRODUCTION, AND VALUE. Table 56 ACREAGE. PRODUCTION (TONS). VALUE. 1909 1899 1909 1899 1909 1899 United States... 364,093 4,443 78,957 108,082 15,601 1,181 756 1,051 5,851 78,779 2,238 8,804 4,191 1,313 7,036 1,176 27,472 1,820 12,379 1,207 1,701 110,170 '"4i,'242 1,094 "'i,'376 "46'247 2,114 "'8,' 662 1,298 2,053 ■"i'sio 7,546 1,863 34 137 3,932,857 49,630 845,191 1,231,712 179,661 14,981 7,194 7,117 50,736 707,639 24,140 109,434 39,874 239 10,990 63,696 15,606 413,946 13,794 127,526 13,418 6,333 793,353 $19,880,724 236,997 4,320,532 6,061,152 813,604 77,732 40,861 36,024 256,262 4,014,123 118,625 546,832 180,247 1,492 59,200 319,667 74,902 1,858,600 86,964 667,185 61,398 50,335 $3,323,240 California . . - . 356,535 6,666 1,550,346 26,711 Idaho Illinois 9,109 36,223 Michigan 215,373 16,959 877,481 59,826 Nebraska 62,470 3,965 16,003 222,258 16,849 New York 76,487 14,462 85,914 6,149 233 63,322 Utah 365,163 26,176 937 All other states 525 2,461 Maple sugar and sirup (Table 57). — The total num- ber of maple trees reported by the farmers as tapped in 1909 was 18,899,533; they produced 14,060,000 pounds of sugar and 4,106,000 gallons of sirup, the combined value of which was $5,178,000. The quantity of maple sugar made on farms was 17.9 per cent greater than in 1899, while the quantity of sirup was almost twice as great, and the combined value of the sugar and sirup nearly twice as great as in 1899. Ohio is the leading state in the production of sirup, followed by New York and Vermont ; but Vermont far outranks all other states in the production of maple sugar, New York and Pennsylvania ranking second and third, respectively. In the combined value of the two products. New York ranks first. MAPLE SUGAR AND SIRUP— QUANTITY AND VALUE. Tables? STATE. United States.. Connecticut Illinois Indiana Iowa Kentucky Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Mirmesota Missouri New Hampshire New York Ohio Pennsylvania Vermont Virginia West Virginia Wisconsin All other states SUGAR MADE (POUNDS). 1909 060,206 10, 207 5,366 33,419 6,173 10,697 16,388 351,908 156,952 293,301 11,399 11,638 558,811 160,300 257,692 188,049 726, 817 44,976 140,060 27, 199 49,954 1899 928,770 4,930 4,090 61,900 2,320 2,340 6,500 264, 160 192, 990 302,716 29,580 12,055 441,870 623,540 613,990 429,540 779,870 19,310 141,550 4,180 2,340 SIRUP MADE (GALLONS). 1909 4,106,418 4,236 18,492 273,728 8,596 3,547 43,971 12, 172 53,091 269,093 17, — 9,389 111,500 993,242 1,323,431 391,242 409,953 6,046 31,176 124,117 1,588 2,056,611 948 9,357 179,576 2,662 2,367 16,024 5,826 27,174 82,997 1,079 5,474 41,588 413, 159 923,519 160,297 160,918 1,677 14,874 6,625 471 VALUE OP SUGAR AND SIRUP. 1899 5, 177, 809 $2, 23,502 300, 765 11,495 6,681 52, 137 34,386 77,559 333,791 23,362 12, 950 182,341 1,240,684 1,099,248 471,213 1,086,933 12,233 46,668 150,038 4,945 l,636,7U 1,738 9,841 166,307 2,920 2,741 15,920 24,183 48,236 100,696 3,672 6,659 82, 626 631, 180 665,226 239, 773 598, 953 3,350 26,271 6,878 743 408 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. SUNDRY MIlfOE CROPS. Under this heading are included a variety of crops of comparatively small importance which can not be logically classified under any of the other designations. The individual crops are in no way closely related to one another ia use, method of production, or geo- graphic distribution. Table 58 gives statistics of those minor crops for which the acreage was reported, for the leading states. MINOR CROPS— ACREAGE, PRODUCTION, AND VALUE. Table 68 STATE. Broom com, total. Arkansas CalUomia Colorado niinois Indiana Iowa Kimsas Kentucky Missouri Nebraska New Mexico Ohio Oklalionia Texas Virginia All other states. . Hemp, total California Illinois Indiana , Kentucky Nebraska All other states. . Hops, total California New York Oregon Washington Wisconsin All other states. , Chicory, total Michigan All overstates-. Chnfas, total Florida North Carolina. . All other states. . Ginseng, total Michigan Missouri New York Ohio Pennsylvania... Wisconsin All other states. . Mint, total Indiana Michigan All omer states. . Teasels, total New York All other states. . WlUows, total Maryland New York AH other states. . 1909 1S99 326, 5, 4, 216, 1, 9. 1,0 7,647 300 (») 335 6,855 157 44,693 8,391 12,023 21,770 2,433 30 46 1,584 1,718 1,072 376 264 23 *) ^^6 7 8,195 1,814 6,360 21 162 110 52 681 169 405 97 178,584 879 1, 1,241 95,137 815 2,220 34,383 839 10,219 6,627 14 802 n2,763 3,444 3,743 1,762 2,027 16,042 500 783 14,107 638 14 55, 613 6,890 27,532 15, 433 5,296 342 120 3, 2,823 246 (') m 8,691 879 7,648 64 (») 23 366 132 PEODtrcnoN.' 1909 78,959,958 106, 576 614,250 1,187,791 19,309,ffi5 153,259 75,370 8,768,853 157,286 1,774,— 157, 146 644,892 92,292 42,741,725 347,064 2,368,490 46,016 414,987 7,483,295 600,000 60 395,467 6,420,232 67,546 40,718,748 11,994,953 8,677,138 16, 582, 662 3, 432, 504 13,290 18,301 19,284,000 19,204,000 80,000 32,261 21,500 6,880 3,881 168, 091 ( . 36,621 ,',121,169 301 78 61 . 17 857 112 667 78 1899 90,947,370 304,690 1,146,000 226,550 60,665,520 384, 170 1,178,130 11,813,310 384,550 3,693,370 2,733,290 6,800 537,160 23,665,510 1,0161,460 1,638,150 663,390 11,750,630 620,000 615,400 10,303,660 305,400 6,270 49,209,704 10,124,660 17,332,340 14,675,577 6,813,830 165,346 97,951 21,495,870 19,876,970 1,618,900 187,427 22,380 164, 177 ~^ 870 1909 $5,134,434 8,198 32,609 71,717 1,457,172 13, 461 6,670 593,947 13,641 115,243 11, 116 33,492 9,116 2,559,236 27,733 140,633 3,586 37,065 412,699 39,000 5 21,755 348,386 3,553 7, 844, 745 1,731,110 2,697,981 2,838,860 666,493 9,041 70,460 70,020 . 440 62,391 43,470 10,529 8,392 151, 888 13,794 21,868 27,138 16,639 15,291 26,977 31, 181 253,000 68,110 194,391 499 13,760 10,780 3,000 44,176 16,800 19,038 8,337 1899 $3,588,414 12,588 40,606 10,577 2,357,066 18,285 50,639 458,481 18,209 159,988 106,252 290 26,317 2136,831 47,262 60,313 34,558 50,262 546,338 45,000 21,784 468,454 10,762 348 4,081,929 925,319 1,600,305 937, 513 589, 582 18, 020 11,190 73, 627 64,640 8,987 16,734 13, 621 2,007 1,206 143, 618 19,657 123, 444 617 (■) 36,523 2,838 22,495 11,190 1 Expressed in pounds for broom com, hemp, hops, chicory, and mint; in bushels for chufas; and in tons for teasels and willows. 2 Includes Indian Territory. ' Not reported separately. * Eeported in small fractions. Broom corn. — The total acreage of broom corn in 1909 was 326,102, an increase of 82.6 per cent over that ia 1899. The production, however, was con- siderably less in the later year than in the earlier, although the value increased by 43.1 per cent, amount- ing in 1909 to $5,134,000. About two-thirds of the total acreage in 1909 was in Oklahoma, and most of the remainder in Kansas and Illinois. The acreage in Illinois was much less in 1909 than in 1899. Hemp. — The production of hemp is mainly con- fined to Kentucky, which in 1909 reported 6,855 out of the total of 7,647 acres. The acreage was less than half as great in 1909 as in 1899, but the produc- tion fell off only 36.3 per cent and the value only 24.5 per cent. The value'of the crop in 1909 was $413,000. Hops. — The acreage of hops in the United States was 44,693 in 1909, or about one-fifth less than in 1899. The production fell off ia approximately the same ratio, but the value increased 92.2 per cent, amounting ia 1909 to $7,845,000. Oregon is the leading hop growing state, with nearly half the total acreage in 1909; New York, California, and Wash- ington are the only other states of importance. Other crops. — In the case of none of the other crops covered by the table did the acreage in 1909 amount to 10,000, and only for mint did the value exceed a quarter of a million dollars. With the exception of ginseng, the crops listed are virtually confined to one or two states. By-products (Table 59) . — Flax fiber, cornstalks, and straw, which are obtained as by-products incidental to the raising of fiaxseed and the various cereal crops, have a considerable value for feeding or other pur- poses. They are for the most part consumed on the farms producing them, however, and their value is not included with the value of the main crops from which they are derived. The Census Bureau did not make any attempt to ascertain the total quantity or value of these prod- ucts, the schedules calling only for the quantity and value of those sold during 1909. STRAW AND OTHER BY-PRODUCTS SOLD: 1909. Table 59 FLAX FIBEE AND STEAW. OTHEE STEAW. C0EN3TALKS. DIVISION. Quan- tity sold (tons). Amount received. Quan- tity sold (tons). Amount received. Quan- tity sold (tons). Amount received. United States 21,667 $90,832 637,699 10,346 157,091 192,039 79,168 46,669 4,489 6,684 17,255 23,968 $3,189,424 94,449 1,682,394 699, 719 216,188 315,543 22,169 33,078 43,946 81,938 205,685 5,326 27,341 45,790 43,023 24,504 6,666 50,764 1,291 S9(i $800,850 33,347 166,236 164,787 103,915 189,507 Middle Atlantic 14 1,353 20,217 178 8,726 81,711 East North Central West North Central South Atlantic East South Central West South Central 2 29 2 40 18 • 76 9 115 41,514 82,601 6,264 12,679 A comparatively small quantity of flax fiber and straw was sold by the farmers. The quantity of other straw sold, however, was considerable, the value amounting to $3,189,000, and the amount received from the sale of cornstalks was $801,000. The amount of straw and cornstalks sold depends very largely upon whether there are in the vicinity cities, towns, or vil- lages where such materials are needed, inasmuch as those by-products are seldom sold by one farmer to another. FARM CROPS. BY STATES. 409 FRUITS AND NUTS. The value of fruits and nuts produced in the United States in 1909 amounted to $222,024,000, or 4 per cent of the total value of farm crops. This value exceeds that reported for 1899, $133,049,000, by 66.9 per cent. It is impossible to state the quantity of the product as a single total, but the statistics for individual classes show that in general the value increased by a much larger percentage than the production. Of the total value of fruits and. nuts in 1909, $29,974,000 was con- tributed by small fruits, $140,867,000 by orchard fruits, $22,028,000 by grapes, $22,711,000 by citrus fruits, $1,995,000 by other tropical and subtropical fruits, and $4,448,000 by nuts. The value of each of these classes in 1909 was very much greater than in 1899, except in the case of small fruits. The distribu- tion of this value in 1909 among the states is shown by the map on page 417. - Small fruits (Tables 60 and 61). — The acreage of small fruits reported in 1909 was 272,460, as com- pared with 309,770 in 1899, thus showing a decrease of 37,310 acres, or 12 per cent. The total production in 1909, 426,566,000 quarts, was 7.9 per cent less than ten years earher, when the quantity produced was 463,219,000 quarts, but the value, $29,974,000, was nearly one-fifth greater, the value of small fruits being $25,030,000 in 1899. The acreage in 1909 represented 0.1 per cent of the total improved farm acreage of the country, and the value 0.5 per cent of the total value of farm crops. The production of small fruits taken as a group is widely distributed through the country. In acreage the East North Central division ranked first in 1909, the Middle Atlantic second, and the South Atlantic third, but in value the Middle Atlantic division outranked all others. SMALL FRUITS— ACREAGE, PRODUCTION, AND VALUE, BY DIVISIONS. Table 60 ALL SMALL FEUITS. STKAWBEBRIES. BLACKBEBEIES AND DEWBEERIE3. DIVISION. Acreage. Production (quarts). Value. Acreage: Production ■ (quarts): 1909 Value: 1909 Acreage. Produc- tion (quarts): 1909 Value: 1909 1899 1909 1899 1909 1899 1909 1899 1909 1899 1909 ■United States New Engl^md 272,460 13,777 55,243 56,957 35,587 45,403 18,994 19,417 6,765 20,317 309, 77( 13,64- 62,67. 92,61( 34,81( 49, 40; 21,38( 17,51< 5,12- 12,59 ) 426,666,863 37,631,006 ! 90,300,863 1 73,745,968 ) 46,275,534 i 72,300,168 ) 22,182,689 ) 23,878,888 r 10,687,207 ) 49,663,540 463,218,612 34, 466, 696 87,975,716 137,580,655 45,374,254 73,878,566 26,751,730 22, 639, 210 7,927,305 26,634,481 $29,974,481 2,469,094 6,004,636 5,813,117 3,921,982 4,122,467 1,553,767 1,771,332 946,263 3,371,823 $26,029,767 2,183,009 5,213,239 6,689,485 2,797,864 3,505,119 1,223,660 1,174,029 618,663 1,624,689 143,046 4,432 19,202 23,604 16,433 37,280 14,253 13,917 3,115 10,809 161,36: 4,20: 21,72< 35,541 13,87: 37,84- 17,66e 12,99: 2,034 5,47f 266,702,036 11,741,829 43,747,240 39,698,906 26,308,539 63,124,937 17,648,063 19,701,936 5,030,445 28,700,140 $17,913,926 1,068,887 2,876,672 3,037,873 2, 152, 142 3,665,529 1,267,412 1,440,466 441,586 2,074,369 49,004 690 7,518 10,655 11,516 6,423 3,766 5,106 654 3,776 50,211 795 8,697 18,417 8,624 6,525 1,946 3,865 388 3,065 65,343,670 804,595 9,029,897 10,437,862 12,311,930 6,463,811 3,580,336 3,836,925 723,167 8,155,047 $3,909,831 80,006 Middle Atlantic 615,473 East North Central West North Central 812,565 970,774 343,333 East South Central West South Central 210,983 300,524 73,640 Pacific 502,543 BASPBEEEIE3 AND LOGANBEBKIE3. CUKEANTS. 1 G00SEBEBEIE3. ALL OTHEE SMALL FRUITS.' DIVISION. Acreage. Produc- tion (quarts): 1909 Value: 1909 Acreage. Produc- tion (quarts): 1909 Value: 1909 Acreage. Produc- tion (quarts): 1909 Value: 1909 Acreage. Produc- tion (quarts): 1909 Value: 1909 1899 1909 1899 1909 1899 1909 1899 1909 United States 48,668 1,003 15,395 16,976 5,403 2,263 833 313 1,820 4,662 60,916 1,139 18,554 24,790 7,389 3,867 1,288 491 1,307 2,091 60,918,196 1,119,007 19,802,119 16,895,570 6,634,788 2,218,296 799,212 268,809 3,194,610 10,985,786 «, 132, 277 149,646 1,618,978 1,505,474 607,053 179,090 73,456 22,959 297,722 677,899 7,862 489 3,239 1,683 934 80 16 46 752 623 12,866 476 3,468 4,935 1,839 207 32 20 757 1,131 10,448,632 483, 291 4,637,483 2,086,723 900,002 89,965 19,795 39,098 1,028,078 1,164,097 1790,431 45,781 318,993 167,959 88,174 8,307 1,806 4,445 85,488 69,478 4,766 129 553 1,482 1,232 310 126 35 524 374 6,762 79 559 2,383 2,059 411 216 40 468 547 6,282,843 154,233 661,576 1,629,689 1,086,304 379,639 134,816 31,486 610,323 595,778 $417,034 14,029 48,645 126,007 100,581 24,797 10,071 2,87S 47,763 42,264 19,11« 7,034 9,33e 2,567 6£ 47 ('' 7a 27,663 6,955 9,670 8,546 1,126 646 233 120 183 284 38,870,687 23,328,051 12,422,548 2,997,218 34 971 23,620 468 634 584 62,693 $1,810,982 1,110,745 526,875 East North Central West North Central South Atlantic 163,249 3,268 1,411 East South Central West South Central Mountain 39 60 65 6,280 > Includes cranberries and all other unclassified small Jruits. Strawberries are the most important of the small fruits, representing in 1909 over half of the total acre- age and about three-fourths of the total value. The acreage of raspberries and loganberries in 1909 was slightly less than that of blackberries and dewberries, but the production and value were considerably greater. The production of strawberries and black- berries is very widely distributed through the country, but that of raspberries, currants, and gooseberries is mainly confined to the North and West, and that of cranberries is almost wholly confined to Massachusetts, New Jersey, and Wisconsin. > Beported In small fractions. The acreage of each of the separate classes of small fruits covered by the table was less in 1909 than in 1899; and the production was likewise less except in the case of cranberries for which 38,243,000 quarts were reported in 1909. In 1899 the production of straw- berries was 257,427,000 quarts, that of blackberries and dewberries 62,190,000 quarts, that of raspberries and loganberries 76,628,000 quarts, that of currants 18,593,000 quarts, that of gooseberries 9,321,000 quarts, and that of cranberries 31,601,000 quarts. The value of the separate kinds of smaU fruits was not called for by the agricultural schedule at the Twelfth Census. 410 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. SMALL FRUITS— AOREAGK, PRODUCTION, AND VALUE, BY STATES. Table 61 TTnlted States. New England: Uaine New Hampshire Vermont Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut Middle Atlantic: New York New Jersey Pennsylvania East Noeth Central: Ohio Indiana Illinois Michigan Wisconsin West North Centeal; Minnesota Iowa Missouri North Dakota 1 South Dakota Nebraska Kansas South Atlantic: Delaware Maryland District of Columbia. . Virginia West Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Florida East South Central: Kentucky Tennessee Alabama Mississippi West South Central: Arkansas Louisiana Oklahoma Texas Mountain; Montana Idaho Wyoming Colorado New Mexico Arizona Utah Nevada Pacific: Washington Oregon Calflornia ALL SMALL PEUITa. 1909 272,460 1,852 281 ,597 1,496 ■,069 1,678 591 919 723 419 305 738 211 009 399 419 411 400 687 595 12 295 913 701 856 1899 309,770 1,356 1,387 !,539 ,232 836 1,032 1,587 1,745 ;,053 562 ,673 106 76 ,416 37 1,585 730 418 8,346 581 1,987 25,051 25, 350 12,271 21,121 13,115 16,794 29,197 12,389 3,092 9,635 14,860 67 161 1,171 5,824 10,599 17,522 82 8,796 1,994 6,837 591 1,634 1,348 6,126 12,944 761 1,549 10, 819 1,408 21,388 3,904 554 957 37 2,347 48 79 1,052 53 2,845 3,470 6,281 Production (quarts). 1909 426, 565, 863 2,285,415 998,244 826,122 29,280,143 437,560 3,823,522 37, 857, 829 38,822,987 13,620,047 15,721,023 7,424,831 13,602,676 27,214,659 9,782,779 4,476,579 10,344,052 23, 696, 221 285,696 401,295 1,594,421 5,477,274 14,425,209 26,277,054 24, 109 11,342,980 2, 336, 562 12,827,427 1,408,099 1,262,155 2,396,573 4,972,702 13,895,493 1,907,193 1,407,301 8,965,572 6, 420, 207 2,310,367 6,182,742 766,791 2,071,141 96,883 4,294,988 76, 532 112, 190 3,118,395 50,287 13,490,930 9,348,490 26, 824, 120 1899 463, 218, 612 1,754,688 1,261,176 930, 260 25,882,372 789,698 3,838,502 40,375,854 28, 339, 302 19,260,660 33,736,030 22,088,205 26,129,216 40,168,178 15,459,026 4,542,640 11,327,132 21,484,920 70, 152 165,744 1,211,630 6,572,036 13,670,380 27,957,590 126, 332 13,473,920 2,388,070 11,934,060 959,305 1,597,928 1,770,980 8,862,560 15,200,120 953,570 1,735,480 14,097,990 1, 856, 510 21,475,790 5,208,920 1,033,885 1,246,110 37, 330 3, 649, 230 59,690 129, 470 1,694,730 76,860 5,406,996 6,645,534 14,581,951 Value. 1909 $29,974,481 233,124 107,365 92,030 1,676,790 43,033 316,752 2,875,495 1,954,125 1,175,016 1,296,343 612, 725 1,109,747 2,028,865 765,437 493,406 966,894 1,761,409 39,641 47,263 159, 169 454,200 649,732 1,227,548 1,875 671, 843 191,002 853,076 113,254 111,754 302,383 357, 597 923, 613 165,386 107,171 601,722 486,988 202,291 480,331 86,586 201,525 13, 984 398, 836 9,335 12, 987 217,327 5,683 941,415 641,194 1,789,214 $25,029,757 1899 157,679 116,830 85,121 1,493,714 51,292 278,373 2,638,363 1,406,049 1,268,827 1,767,357 1,113,527 1,293,233 1, 680, 249 835,119 339,569 878, 447 1,050,811 7,785 16, 629 98,159 406,464 461, 621 1,181,054 7,855 765,097 149,391 599,963 59,486 00,785 189, 867 435,462 593,092 54,097 141,009 604, 323 172, 803 292,223 304,680 79, 891 95, 115 4,964 294,385 5,768 12,265 117,489 8,786 326,646 386, 632 911, 411 acreage: 1909 Straw- berries. 143, 045 310 276 2,015 140 6,382 8,684 4,136 4,706 2,574 5,410 8,051 2,863 1,873 2,917 9,048 88 226 562 1,719 7,194 14,292 11 6,606 709 5,420 815 890 1,343 1,553 10,761 1,167 772 7,361 3,570 825 2,161 24 1,326 20 58 719 5 3,283 2,941 4,585 Black- berries and dew- berries. 49,004 145 67 47 287 16 128 1,951 4,332 1,235 2,425 1,347 3,503 2,973 407 145 2,279 5,975 2 5 428 2,682 1,256 1,180 (}) 344 1,293 1,233 38 67 13 2,141 1,614 53 58 525 16 1,792 2,773 34 170 O 228 10 16 95 1 769 431 2,576 , Rasp- berries and logan- berries. 48, 668 127 85 11,057 1,744 2,594 1,412 1,945 8,786 964 1,388 .1,573 1,331 85 66 247 713 223 846 W 276 847 40 2 29 m 564 253 11 5 123 1 85 104 113 496 14 801 12 1 374 9 1,210 1,460 1,992 Cur- rants. 7,862 SO 42 58 243 12 54 2,557 124 558 165 252 298 200 253 138 67 Goose- berries. 4,765 Cran- berries 18,431 3 36 1 5 30 3 1 1 14 2 ('^ 36 6 115 167 41 282 7 1 128 11 127 89 407 259 155 139 274 603 297 82 71 189 555 86 55 88 188 11 241 W 22 30 5 0) 115 19 35 142 27 192 17 n 100 11 114 186 74 151 109 1 6,577 70 123 277 9,030 4 4 10 202 61 W 8 AU other small, fruits. 685 13 12 3 143 m (') (') (') 501 2 (■) « ^^ « ' Reported in small fractions. Orchard fruits (Table 62). — Neither in 1910 nor in 1900 did the census schedules call for the acreage of orchard fruits, but at both censuses the number of trees of bearing age was called for, and at the later census also the number not of bearing age. In the report of the census of 1900, however, the beUef was expressed that some trees not of bearing age were re- ported by the enumerators as of bearing age. This doubtless accounts wholly or in part for the decrease in the reported number of trees of bearing age for all classes of orchard fruits combined, from 369,377,000 in 1900 to 301,117,000 in 1910. Decreases also appear in the totals for the United States for every kind of orchard fruit which was reported separately. The num- ber of trees which were not of bearing age in 1910 was 130,973,000. The total production of orchard fruits in 1909 was 216,084,000 bushels, or only slightly more than in 1899, but all the lands of fruit except apples, in which there was a decrease, show high percentages 2 Includes Indian Territory. of increase. The value of all orchard fruits in 1909, however, $140,867,000, was 68.2 per cent greater than the value in 1899, and represented 2.6 per cent of the total value of farm crops. The production of orchard fruits as a group is very widely distributed throughout the country. As meas- ured by number of trees of bearing age in 1910, the East North Central was the leading division, followed by the West North Central and the South Atlantic; but as determined by value of fruit produced in 1909 the ranking is quite different, the Middle Atlantic divi- sion standing first, the Pacific division second, and the East North Central third. The leading states in the value of fruit produced are California and New York. Apples are much the most important of the orchard fruits, their value in 1909 being 59.1 per cent of the total. Peaches and nectarines rank next, with 20.4 per cent of the total, followed by plums and prunes, pears, cherries, and apricots and quinces in the order named. FARM CROPS, BY STATES. 411 Definite conclusions as to the relative importance of different states can not always be drawn from the number of trees of bearing age, since the trees in some states are much more prolific than in others, nor does the production of any given year furnish an altogether satisfactory index, since weather conditions may be favorable in one part of the country and unfavorable in another. ORCHARD FRUITS— TREES, PRODUCTION, AND VALUE. Table 62 DIVISION OR STATE. U.S. Geoo.dfvs.: New Eng. Mid.Atl., B.N.C... W.N.C., S.Atl... E.S.C, W.S.C.. Mountain Paciflc... NewENQ.: Me N.H Vt 301,117,277 Trees of bearing age: 1910 130,973,362 505,622 977, 615 722,972 805,414 951,571 275,885 179, 158 685,221 013,819 E.I Conn Mid.Atl.: N.Y N.J Pa E.N. Cent.: Oliio Ind Ill Mioli Wis W.N.Cent.: Minn Iowa Mo N.Dak... S. Dali..- Nebr Eans S.Atl.: Del Md D.C Va W.Va.... N.C S.C Ga Fla E.S.Cent. Ky Tenn Ala Miss W. S. Cent. Ark La Okla.... Tex Mountain: Mont Idaho . . . Wyo.... Colo N. Max.. Ariz Utali.... Nev Pacific: Wash... Oreg.,.. Cal Trees not of bearing age: 1910 2,904,978 15,476,107 21,645,205 15,211,756 17,881,177 10,443,210 18,022,455 9,718,919 19,670,545 3,586,452 1,368,937 1,266,700 1,698,220 215,798 1,309,615 17,625,093 3,165,749 13,186,773 14,933,813 10,050,759 15,033,743 12, 842, 827 2,801,830 1,644,590 9,208,387 23, 128, 107 40,296 599,686 5,061,984 13,122,464 2,102,313 3,501,774 3,583 9,609,799 6,770,384 8,162,464 2,169,986 13, 179, 862 451,416 8,722,441 8,959,070 6,039,618 2,554,756 16,531,761 1,206,920 8,880,445 12,660,032 749, 104 1,519,389 33,497 2,947,920 803,068 152,340 1,385,681 94,222 4,944,889 4,583,735 22,485,195 PRODUCTION (BUSHELS). 216,083,695 1909 212,365,600 11,235, 45,114 33,927, 25,613, 25,544, 20,042, 7,058, 7,478, 40,169 1,090,768 271, 153 252, 401 591, 796 94,564 604,296 7,363,614 2,190,236 5,921,257 5,603,742 3,787,631 3,919,267 6,679,949 1, 664, 616 1, 787, 107 2,802,548 6,748,159 128,037 721,924 1,750,584 2,273,397 575,897 1,671,435 74 4,631,687 4,589,587 2,971,879 723,892 2,517,378 199,448 3,596,244 3,734,080 1,759,888 1,353,998 7,258,166 495,826 5,307,392 4,961,072 1,363,798 2,036,368 97,013 3,151,784 1,282,211 116,988 1,641,755 29,002 6,951,251 4,309,232 8,410,062 1899 006,412 577,644 679,428 403,366 550,477 444,526 664,017 646,677 393,055 3,694,261 1,165,044 1,492,499 2,763,679 245,822 1,874,242 29,456,291 2,372,358 13,285,963 6,711,208 4,713,537 4,939,211 15,220,104 2,343,517 1,066,659 7,234,168 11,957,399 5,686 229,907 3,572,263 1, 447, " ■" {140, 867,347 309 2,577, 3, 6,581, 4,709, 6,324, 1,132, 3,670, 235, 1909 $83,750,961 7,327,873 28,641,924 24,366,592 14,763,346 15,706,294 11,110,041 5,329,866 7,648,546 26,972,866 9,447,868 6,484,550 2,475,540 1,634,305 4,437,917 392,607 1,137,288 1,090,233 591,088 924,223 18,686 4,565,849 504,059 153,885 633, 739 86,576 4,244,670 4,423,244 31,501,507 1,438,919 2,017,880 1,191,429 3,158,781 360,298 3,839,106 26,172,310 6, 168, 480 25,236,854 21,399,273 9,304,482 9,767,211 9,859,862 348,600 143, 655 3, 456, 422 6,806,501 1,647 26,401 1,456,053 3,513,686 884,797 3,710,666 1,002 10,497,401 7,642,193 5,124,959 432, 173 1,028,833 228,453 6,286,174 5,599,688 947,736 610,927 3,359,865 283,087 2 661,334 2,369,731 45,192 452,000 1,145 354,049 267,835 113,306 397,863 15,287 1,180,357 1,522,002 22,690,696 18991 4,329,590 21,113,717 17,029,503 7,347,031 8,581,08r 4,340,252 3,205,690 1,371,803 16,432,288 2,207,748 719,777 801,365 2,074,270 197,639 1,327,074 17,988,894 1,975,044 8,677,986 6,691,530 3,709,275 3,857,743 9,020,842 2,087,202 801, 112 4,283,873 6,582,578 9,688 209,339 1,932,124 944,631 196,766 1,517,400 3,169 3,682,359 3,040,192 3,248,036 966,376 2,930,793 232,203 4,506,960 3,459,077 1,818,508 1,325,606 3,011,377 314,027 943,464 1,060,998 609,078 863,516 39,774 4,661,792 619, 677 241,110 640,904 82,695 4,274,124 3,339,845 18,358,897 833,634 707,729 450,429 1,170,868 155,571 1,011,369 10,542,272 2,594,981 7,976,464 6, 141, 118 3,166,338 3,778,811 3, 675, 845 267,391 109, 060 1,849,767 2,944,176 1,061 29,568 684,751 1,728,659 263, 127 1,266,047 773 2,662,483 2,156,509 1,269,614 272, 794 497,847 192,893 1,943,645 1,479,916 476,574 440,118 1,252,203 225,476 2 382,588 1,345,423 59, 414 366,224 1,420 378, 119 197,331 96,764 263,098 10,433 999,487 906,016 14,526,786 1 Includes value of dried fruits, cider, vinegar, etc. « Includes Indian Territory. Apples (Table 63).— The number of apple trees of bearing age in 1910 was 151,323,000, and there were 65,792,000 trees not of bearing age. The pro- duction in 1909 was 147,522,000 bushels, as compared with 175,398,000 bushels in 1899, a decrease of 15.9 per cent. The value of the apple crop m 1909 was $83,231,000 or 1.5 per cent of the total value of all crops. Values were not reported for individual kinds of fruit in 1899. While apple production is widely distributed, the leading geographic divisions are the Middle Atlantic, East North Central, and West North Central.. There is, however, a marked development in the western sec- tions of the country, which in part explains the fact that in 1910 the ratio of the number of trees not of bearing age to the number of bearing age was much higher in the West South Central, Moimtain, and Pacific divisions than in any of the more easterly divisions except the South Atlantic. APPLES— TREES, PRODUCTION, AND VALUE. Table 63 DIVISION OB STATE. United States. 151,322,840 Geographic divisions: New England Middle Atlantic East North Central . . . West North Central. . - South Atlantic East South Central . . . West South Central. . . Mountain Paciflc New England: Maine New Hampshire Vermont Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut Middle Atlantic: New York New Jersey Pennsylvania East North Centp.al: Ohio Indiana Illinois Michigan Wisconsin West North Central: Minnesota Iowa Missouri North Dakota South Dakota Nebraska Kansas South Atlantic: Delaware Maryland District of Columbia. . Virginia West Virginia North Carolina South CaroUna. Georgia Florida East South Central: Kentucky Tennessee Alabama Mississippi West South Centsal: Arkansas Louisiana Oklahoma Texas Mountain: Montana Idaho Wyoming Colorado New Mexico Arizona Utah Nevada Pacific: Washington Oregon California Trees of bearing Trees not of bearing age. 65, 791, 848 219, 152 302,285 134,909 744, 757 673,712 273,277 838,069 614,667 522,012 094,512 849,449 610,319 724,993 064,819 386,655 224,590 679,166 157,446 3,476,616 1,240,885 1,183,529 1,367,379 152,009 798,734 11,248,203 1,053,626 8,000,456 8,504,886 5,764,821 9,900,627 7,534,343 2,430,232 1,380,396 5,847,034 14,359,673 16,941 274,862 2,937,178 6,929,673 429,753 1,288,482 1,654 7,004,648 4,570,948 4,910,171 681, 767 1,878,209 8,180 6,538,267 4,838,922 1,468,436 427,652 7,650,103 93,304 2,955,810 1,138,862 696, 763 1,006.688 27,773 1,688,425 542,528 62,027 517,039 74,454 3,009,337 2,029,913 2,482,762 147,522,318 1909 Produc- tion (bushels). $83,231,492 10,508,457 37,864,532 25,080,615 22,633,470 18,375,485 13,163,180 3,240,108 6,718,372 10,938,099 1,045,123 207,289 219,833 355,868 54,560 211,839 2,828,515 619, 749 2,501,186 2,438,246 1,961,974 2,548,301 2,253,072 1,408,726 1,571,816 1,914,325 3,624,833 70,023 460,647 967, 133 1,116,316 263,813 660,686 29 3,435,591 2,772,025 1,836,337 269,044 822,327 5,968 Value. 176,397,600 6,272,726 19,866,752 14,669,289 11,792,016 9,461,189 6,073,710 2,085,260 5,536,183 7,484,367 3,636,181 1,108,424 1,459,689 2,550,259 212,908 1,640,996 25,409,324 1,406,778 11,048,430 4,663,752 2,759,134 3,093,321 12,332,296 2, 232, 112 1,044,156 6,746,668 9,968,977 4,374 191,784 3,321,073 1,366,438 183,094 1,822,824 2,962 6,103,941 4,225,163 4,776,693 362,800 895,613 3,405 2,106,297 7,368,499 2,117,246 " "■" ■■■ 737, 689 425,323 96,544 2,060,384 1,127,573 1,308,066 1,539, 84,024 1,972,914 914,254 53,884 789,260 16,868 4,862,702 2,240,636 1,064,107 4,640,444 888,396 265,841 1899 Produc- tion (bushels). 11,649,204 52,812,804 47,650,860 14,322,739 26, 772, 835 12,409,702 3,805,702 882,598 5,091,166 2,296,043 33, 875 742, 182 168,008 567,064 659,959 17,836 3,659,094 417,143 72,814 350,023 74,449 2,672,100 1,930,926 6,336,073 2,121,816 637,990 752,337 1,780,290 147, 126 833, 168 13,343,028 956, 108 5,557,616 2,970,861 1,720,811 2,111,866 5,96r — 1,896,681 769, 114 3,650,729 4,885,644 7,270 158, 729 1,612,765 807,866 115,371 902,077 2,162 3,129,832 2,461,074 2,014,670 276,410 555,744 3,849 3,066,776 2,172,475 620, 745 213,714 1,322,785 28,744 573,076 160,655 566,938 610,504 37,680 3,405,442 420,636 109,396 319,691 66,097 2,925,761 1,656,944 2,901,662 1,421,773 1,978,797 1,176,822 3,023,436 339,445 3,708,931 24,111,267 4,640,896 24,060,651 20,617,480 8,620,278 9,178,160 8,931,569 303,373 120, 143 3,129,862 6,496,436 1,273 17, 121 1,343,497 3,214,407 702,920 3,160,673 283 9,835,982 7,495,743 4,662,751 251,728 670,889 1,866 6,063,717 6,387,775 719, 175 249,035 2,811,182 68,735 1333,800 591,985 43,939 223,662 989 257,563 142,332 13,471 189,882 10,760 728,978 873,980 3,488,208 1 Includes Indian Territory. 412 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. Peaches and nectarines (Table 64). — The number of peach and nectarine trees of bearing age April 15, 1910, was 94,507,000, and the number not of bearing age 42,266,000. The value of peaches and nectarines produced in 1909 was $28,781,000. The production is very widely distributed. In number of trees of bearing age in* 1910 the West South Central division ranked first and the South Atlantic division second ; but in the production of 1909 the Pacific division (in which nearly the entire production is in California) decidedly out- ranked all others, with the East South Central division second and the South Atlantic third. PEACHES AND NECTARINES— TREES, PRODUCTION, AND VALUE. Table 64 DIVISION OR STATE. tJnlted States Geogeaphic divisions: New England Middle Atlantic East North Central West North Central... South Atlantic East South Central. . . West South Central. . . Mountain Pacific New England: Maine New Hampshire Vermont Massachusetts Ehode Island Coimecticut Middle Atlantic; New York New Jersey Pennsylvania East North Central: Ohio Indiana Illinois Michigan Wisconsin West North Central: Miimesota Iowa Missoiui North Dakota South Dakota Nebraska Kansas South Atlantic: Delaware Maryland Dlsbict of Columbia . . Virginia West Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Florida East south Central: Kentucky Tennessee Alabama Mississippi West South Central: Arkansas Louisiana Oklahoma Texas Mountain: Montana Idaho Wyoming Colorado New Mexico Arizona Utah Nevada Pacqtc: Washington Oregon California 1910 Trees of bearing 94,508,657 723,810 6,056,690 11,035,119 13,265,526 20,583,446 10,312,768 22,284,966 1,605,285 8,639,048 5,102 57,571 5,492 154,592 39,342 461,711 2,457,187 1,216,476 2,383,027 3,133,368 2,130,298 2,860,120 2,907,170 4,163 1,571 1,090,749 6,588,034 90 1,815 1.188,373 4,394,894 1,177,402 1,497,724 330 1,585,506 1,424,582 2,661,791 1,336,142 10,609,119 290,850 2,245,402 3, 163, 737 3,177,331 1,726,298 6,859,962 903,352 4,783,826 9,737,827 538 73,080 46 793,372 136, 191 51,416 644,314 6,329 636,875 273, 162 7,829,011 Trees not of bearing 43,266,243 572,237 5,769,926 6,972,375 2,682,028 6,137,901 3,865,232 8,734,552 1,696,111 5,945,882 3,320 35,213 2,187 162, 114 30,795 338,608 2,216,907 1,363,632 2,179,386 2,092,300 1,145,479 739,368 2,991,090 4,148 3,837 283,308 1,404,429 604 .6,259 263,882 620,709 212, 117 805,063 1 780,551 1,441,188 861,042 349, 790 1,531,367 166, 782 1, 110, 744 1, 190, 727 838,866 724,896 2,884,927 316, 132 2,674,680 2,958,813 3,386 212,995 419 606,001 184,466 32,562 651,233 5,1 1,028,141 508, 179 4,409,662 1909 Produc- tion (bushels). 35,470,276 $28,781,078 406,903 3,201,493 5,120,841 1,643,257 6,571,628 6,776,799 3,279,546 940, 168 9,630,642 2,014 23,218 2,221 91,756 17,704 1,736,483 441,440 1,023,570 1,036,340 1,174,,— 1,222,570 1,686, "" 966 599 23,180 1,481,548 35 148 110,180 24,667 16,722 324,609 3 243,446 328,901 1,344,410 643,040 2,555,499 114,998 1,623,379 1,679,019 1,416,584 1,156,817 1,901,647 290,623 367,644 729,631 128 18,734 5 692,258 32,533 50,102 143,237 3,171 84,494 179,030 9,267,118 Value. 632,411 4,018,034 5, 172, 957 1,250,944 4,888, ■"" 4,098,776 2,761,044 1,071,446 4,887,007 3,206 37,884 4,"- 138,716 30,609 417,698 2,014,088 652,771 1,351,175 1,349,311 1,123,248 999,516 1,700,330 662 659 24,950 1,110,550 71 167 91,129 23,418 21,402 361,617 3 227, 141 368, 584 1,041,767 557,303 2,182,613 128,029 1,062,138 1,066,379 1,056,971 926,288 1,602,996 228,084 326,316 703,649 235 28, 149 30 764,561 37, 196 80,325 166,451 4,500 118,918 194,314 4,573,776 15,432,603 1899 Produc- tion (bushels). 104, 737 1,231,242 716,670 212,932 1,412,471 549,226 2,192,353 267,365 8,745,607 1,896 6,054 967 27,906 6,140 61,776 466,850 620,928 143,464 240,686 69,333 66,805 339,637 209 190 5,481 61,006 13 8,763 137,489 9,750 172,303 3 357,339 18,100 373,663 129,472 259, 728 92,113 34,700 77,678 184,643 252,305 333,642 153,808 ■304,663 1,400,240 17 17,793 47,381 76,204 38,092 85,315 2,563 80,990 101, 190 8,663,427 1 Includes Indian Territory. Pears (Table 65). — The number of pear trees re- ported as of bearing age in 1910 was 15,172,000, and there were 8,804,000 trees not of bearing age. The production increased from 6,625,000 bushels in 1899 to 8,841,000 bushels in 1909, or 33.4 per cent. The value of the crop in 1909 was $7,911,000. In number of trees of bearing age in 1910, the Middle Atlantic and East North Central divisions ranked far above the others, but in the production for 1909 the Pacific divi- sion stood first. California and New York together produced about three-eighths of the total pear crop. Only one other state, Michigan, reported the produc- tion of more than 500,000 bushels of pears. PEARS— TREES, PRODUCTION, AND VALUE. Table 65 division or state. United States Geographic divisions: New England Middle Atlantic East North Central . . . West North Central... South Atlantic East South Central. . . West South Central... Mountain Pacific New England: Maine New Hampshire Vermont Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut Middle Atlantic; New York New Jersey Peimsylvania East North Central; Ohio Indiana Illinois Michigan Wisconsin West North Central: Minnesota Iowa Missouri North Dakota South Dakota Nebraska Kansas South Atlantic: Delaware Maryland Dislrict of Columbia. . Virginia West Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Florida East South Central: Kentucky Tennessee Alabama Mississippi West South Central: Arkansas Louisiana Oklahoma Texas Mountain: Montana Idaho Wyoming Colorado New Mexico Arizona Utah Nevada Pacific: Washtagton Oregon California 15,171,524 1910 Trees of bearing 8, 803, 885 296,874 3,670,094 3,660,083 1, 154, 426 2,325,714 831,618 1,045,143 312,449 1,975,123 46,683 36,816 26,315 113,365 16,907 66,788 2,141,596 731,616 796,882 899,019 708,723 786,349 1, 136, 151 29,841 2,792 191, 125 606,973 24 1,844 59,285 292,383 449,692 540,683 1,045 457, 177 154,908 243,387 105,251 262,982 110,709 337,355 233,407 142,300 118,556 221,764 57,630 207,271 568,478 10,297 65,113 178 99,989 37,220 16,351 79,355 3,946 290,676 273,542 1,410,905 Trees not of bearing 97,650 123,242 441,505 689, 140 880,461 606,959 936,230 417, 182 811,516 13,013 9,397 7,726 38,378 5,405 23,731 1,502,661 238,401 382,180 333, 739 229,548 234,037 623,931 20,260 4,136 123,262 272,213 327 5,087 51,443 132,673 90,917 138, 152 32 265,083 102,826 160,368 54,732 69,534 18,817 131,905 174,676 99,170 101,209 196,753 38,242 252,336 448,899 12,806 76,939 901 171,367 100,201 12,862 39,901 2,216 617,754 796,669 8,810,733 233,845 2,185,204 1,623,176 213,678 975, 162 636,422 191,518 268,205 2,613,523 1909 Pro- duction (bush- $7,910,600 38,964 24,224 20,763 96,071 12,601 41,322 1,343,089 463,290 378,825 374,871 319,925 249,365 666,023 12,992 400 44,449 142,647 8 162 6,700 19,412 106,367 367,369 455 74,486 29,916 84,019 65,680 149,667 98,223 261,636 83,557 100,041 101,288 37,547 35,554 7,460 110,967 7,643 42,649 16 132,636 29,436 13,289 38,664 4,083 310,804 374,622 1,928,097 Value. 258,816 2,029,040 1,331,712 239,838 680,276 460,042 192,736 371,306 2,356,835 43,524 26,206 23,788 110,069 14,677 41,652 1,418,218 264,582 366,240 332,727 243,698 202,966 636,771 16,651 466 68,777 148,789 15 447 9,802 21,643 62,022 168,561 412 63,424 32, 101 81,347 67,686 134,604 80,119 187,951 78,448 86,866 96,777 38,140 31,069 9,248 114,279 12,008 48,046 65 210,685 29,688 21,331 44,366 5,119 328,895 366,977 1,660,963 6,625,417 183,728 2, 185, 166 782,266 86,804 745,294 180,128 225,266 133,482 2,103,286 1899 Pro- duction (bush- els). 11,200 19,341 10,239 89,011 12,462 41,485 960, 170 790,818 434,177 244,565 231,713 133,745 170,702 1,540 226 6,014 68,449 167 979 21,978 156,208 301,702 468 88,400 19,475 26,521 20,439 49,497 83,584 76,940 43,609 22,656 36,923 24,503 29,405 ■ 4,939 166,418 24 25,324 3 19,272 14,777 13,197 59,982 903 78,236 112,225 1,912,825 ' Includes Indian Territory. FARM CROPS, BY STATES. 413 Plums and prunes (Table 66). — ^Plum and prune trees of bearing age in 1910 numbered 23,445,000 and those not of bearing age 6,924,000. The produc- tion in 1909 was 15,480,000 bushels, or 76.6 per cent greater than that in 1899, 8,764,000 bushels. The value of the crop in 1909 was $10,299,000. The Pacific division in 1910 had over two-fifths of the trees of bearing age, and in 1909 produced nearly four- fifths of the total crop. New York is the most im- portant of the eastern states in the production of plums and prunes. PLUMS AND PRUNES— TREES, PRODUCTION, AND VALUE. Table 66 1910 1909 1899 DIVISION OB STATE. Trees of bearing age. Trees not of bearing age. Produc- tion (bushels). Value. Produc- tion (bush- els). United States 23,446,009 6,923,681 16,480,170 $10,299,495 8,764,032 GEOOBAfmc divisions: 176,038 1,709,712 2,739,635 3,670,012 1,152,080 1,324,616 2,337,965 678,268 9,766,683 90,498 846,001 976,854 1,114,862 363,099 372,010 744,987 265,810 2,160,460 62,733 868,274 568,383 499,784 257,912 442,125 327,260 366,056 12,097,643 110, 178 928, 673 074,671 535,374 236, 221 314,199 267,703 319,651 6,912,826 24,976 Middle Atlantic 428,583 East North Central West North Central 696,753 428,048 190,561 East South Central West South Central Mountain 228,558 397,266 248,223 6,221,064 New England: Maine 43,676 23,162 32,920 41,345 4,836 30,209 919,017 46,547 744, 148 1,001,734 666,988 600,087 4M,917 105,909 233,736 1,155,041 917,851 19, 147 268, 268 351,321 624,648 27, 115 69,996 104 171,667 234,869 168,883 82, 212 367,323 39,921 355,858 499,627 211,991 257,140 731,276 149,929 436,421 1,020,339 21, 140 302,856 4,564 143,921 61,267 12, 196 135,619 6,716 823,082 1,764,896 7,168,705 22,491 12,662 15,818 23,871 2,666 13,200 328,329 23,071 493,601 332,811 177,931 141,480 253, 479 71, 153 167,926 245,281 183,828 35,459 172, 186 184,066 126,116 3,872 29,478 8 69,127 125,078 45,503 21,657 62, 126 16,250 128,367 108,610 51,979 83,154 179,967 41,419 195,836 327,765 16,001 98,017 7,476 68,626 42,361 7,898 23,388 3,156 122,912 427,609 1,699,939 14,637 7,542 7,206 17,814 1,872 13,663 553,522 9,594 295,158 215,657 77,066 78,566 181,188 15,907 19,920 158,036 234,872 1,048 31,748 41,910 12,250 657 13,526 10 22,597 32,948 61,406 48, 754 60,846 17, 169 139,346 139,093 61,712 101,974 194,649 31, 473 25,916 76,222 8,777 179,027 659 81,539 15,528 8,420 68,249 3,867 1,032,077 1,747,687 9, 317, 979 31,954 14,039 12,927 28,263 3,586 19,419 619, 192 13,476 396,005 278,506 89,073 80,384 206,765 20,944. 27,808 192,421 211,472 1,866 36,872 60,934 14,001 640 16,192 24 22,772 48,622 46,274 37,666 46,366 18,976 102,446 86,743 45,039 79,971 137,003 24,641 28, 134 77,925 11,642 132,804 1,842 81,364 17,064 16, 261 54,040 4,664 600,503 838,783 5,473,539 2,282 4,942 Vermont 1,529 Massachusetts . . . 6,919 671 Connecticut 9,733 Middle Atlantic: New York 303,688 24,686 100,210 East North Central: Ohio 81,436 Indiana 131,529 Illinois 157,941 Michigan 213,682 Wisconsin 12,166 West North Central: 21,820 Iowa . 186,312 111,603 North Dakota 365 8,114 42,314 57,620 South Atlantic: 7,315 Maryland 19,945 District of Columbia Virginia 21,167 West Vireinia . . . . 19,123 22,074 South Carolina 16, 177 36,920 Florida 47,840 East South Central: 76,574 Tennessee 73,316 11,876 Mississippi 66,793 West South Central: 174,734 29,682 Oldahoma. ■12,037 180,813 Mountain; 373 164,468 7 Colorado 16,224 18, 492 3,133 Utah 46,984 542 PACmc: 229,207 359, 821 5,632,036 1 Includes Indian Territory. Cherries (Table 67). — The number of cherry trees of bearing age in 1910 was 11,822,000, while trees not of bearing age numbered 5,622,000. The production in 1909 was 4,126,000 bushels, or 43.6 per cent more than that in 1899, 2,873,000 bushels. The crop in 1909 was valued at $7,231,000. The East North Cen- tral was the leading division, both in number of trees and in production, while the Pacific division ranked second in production but third in number of trees not of bearing age and fifth in number of trees of bearing age. CHERRIES— TREES, PRODUCTION, AND VALUE. Table 67 1910 1909 1899 DrVISION OB STATE. Trees of bearing age. Trees not of bearing age. Produc- tion (bush- els). Value. Produc- tion (bush- els). United States 11,822,044 6,621,660 4,126,099 $7,231,160 2,873,499 Geographic divisions: New England 68,236 1,851,144 3,853,974 2,768,659 1,063,825 453,262 385,502 390,644 986,798 32,587 659,953 1,523,247 1,117,633 384, 118 257, 112 242,569 681,641 842,900 14,904 791,326 1,410,298 615,690 ,327,706 94,873 9,954 147,854 813,494 38,424 1,541,708 2,362,344 935,537 394,990 143,166 14,401 300,486 1,500,105 23,446 Middle Atlantic 775,587 East North Central West North Central South Atlantic 851,326 297,873 391,799 East South Central West South Central 49,457 13,635 33,956 Pacific 436,421 NEW Englakd: Maine 14,288 9,463 18,006 13,396 964 12,119 673,989 102, 124 1,075,031 1,144,271 815,742 843,283 760, 183 290,495 25,139 908,764 622,332 6,076 51,613 494,468 661,267 16,146 82,306 435 352,783 332,429 168,065 60,274 50,723 666 212,118 201,830 26,566 13,748 60,046 975 295,042 29,439 19,938 61,881 919 203,806 21,925 812 79,775 1,588 241,038 223,456 622,304 6,653 6,326 6,659 6,776 453 5,720 342,959 36,743 280,251 342,328 251, 959 239,606 640,680 148,776 38,399 «29,352 247,425 21,484 76,293 267,629 237,051 4,598 27,774 83,323 124,567 74,111 25,764 23,479 498 102,766 128,406 16,673 9,267 47,556 760 150,541 43,712 24,237 95,423 4,025 319, 624 26,818 1,608 109, 119 787 229,067 313,770 300,063 2,403 1,403 2,506 4,761 214 3,617 271,597 44,636 475,093 338,644 363,993 287,376 338,945 81,340 1,626 260,432 123,314 209 6,924 89,876 34,409 2,634 42,316 235 132,671 79,723 63,788 10,987 4,979 374 52,163 36,303 3,688 2,819 5,993 627 2,372 1,062 7,497 22,609 68 88,937 6,384 476 21,402 481 131,392 181,089 601,013 7,164 4,133 7,661 10,848 464 8,164 544,508 87,225 909,975 657,406 508,516 453,474 590,829 162,119 2,973 455,022 222,510 445 12,981 164, 872 76,734 4,850 60,121 568 134,428 111,043 60,453 15,880 7,199 448 74,340 60,294 4,783 3,749 8,424 921 4,393 663 17,985 41,766 251 173,896 10,684 840 54,170 894 278,547 269,934 951,624 1,560 New Hampshire 1,183 Vermont 1,069 Massachusetts . 6,043 1,329 Connecticut 12,271 Middle Atlantic: New Yorlc 218,642 82,006 Pennsylv^a. 474,940 East Nobth Centeal: Ohio 192,954 228,486 Illinois 204,279 Michigan 194,641 31,067 West North Central: Minnesota... 960 118,743 62,708 North Dalcota 4 South Dalcota 900 54,047 Kansas 60,511 South Atlantic: Delaware . 8,068 60,462 District of Columbia Virginia . 248 188,693 West Virginia 87,828 33,899 South Carolina... . 6,551 5,950 Florida 112 KAST South Central: Kentucky 34,268 11,688 Alabama 1,159 2,352 West South Central: Ari^ansas . . 7,889 336 Oldahoma 13,221 Texas 2,189 Mountain: 807 Idaho 12,294 Colorado 5,387 5,228 Arizona 220 Utah 9,905 Nevada 114 PAcmc: Washington. . 62, 114 65,347 California 318,960 1 Includes Indian Territory. 414 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. Apricots (Table 68). — ^The production of apricots is mainly confined to California, which produced 98 per cent of the total crop in 1909. In Kansas, Okla- homa, and Texas there are a good many apricot trees, but the production reported for 1909 was insignificant, perhaps because of temporarily unfavorable climatic conditions. The number of trees of bearing age in the United States in 1910, as reported, was 3,670,000. The production in 1909 was 4,150,000 bushels, or 67.1 per cent more than that in 1899. The value of the crop in 1909 was $2,884,000. Quinces (Table 68). — The production of quinces is much less important than that of the fruits previously mentioned. The total number of trees of beariag age in 1910 was 1,154,000, and of trees not of bearing age 595,000. The production in 1909, 429,000 bushels, was valued at $517,000, New York, Ohio, and Penn- sylvania being the leading states. This crop was not separately reported at the census of 1900. APRICOTS AND QUINCES— TREES, PRODUCTION, AND VALUE. Table 68 1910 1909 1899 STATE. Trees of bearing age. Trees not of bearing age. Produc- tion (bushels). Value. Produc- tion (bushels). Apricots, total. . 3,669,714 6,665 2,992,463 16,841 187,381 16,050 173,516 10,666 10,363 66,533 28,978 36,088 124,191 1,164,399 76,979 9,826 30,804 66,827 29,893 20,936 7,484 36,461 14,777 169,031 245,040 8,102 176,849 50,708 221,682 956,202 6,992 681,624 10,299 28,134 3,537 62,930 18,128 7,576 47,895 28,639 80,722 79,826 594, 801 65,471 10,701 12,180 17,858 12,313 9,145 4,531 15,302 8,134 140,703 62,413 .5,216 77,071 22,702 131,061 4,150,263 6,849 4,066,823 11,403 374 9,805 1,123 4,616 2,502 1,839 12,047 10,789 22,093 428,672 32,638 4,627 6,723 17,873 11,537 6,359 2,863 13,484 6,442 132,461 81,101 6,364 62,350 13, 163 31,707 $2,884,119 10,063 2,768,921 15,668 612 14,490 1,270 7,727 4,497 2,364 12,037 17,280 29,310 617,243 26,266 7,027 8,037 22,431 11,767 8,383 6,764 16,868 10,683 135,345 101,369 5,140 102,431 18,676 37,186 2,642,128 40,678 2,547,064 Colorado 2,363 TTn.TlRfl.'? 4,236 New York 15,710 1 669 Oregon . . . 1,665 Pennsylvania 1,634 1,620 TJtali .. 5,272 Washington All otlier states Quinces, total... 5,254 16,163 Connecticut HJinois Kentucky Massachusetts Michigan New Jersey New York Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania West Virginia 1 Includes Indian Territory. 2 Not reported separately. Grapes (Table 69). — The total number of grape- vines of bearing age in 1910 was 223,702,000, and the number not of bearing age 59,929,000. The produc- tion of grapes in 1909, 2,571,065,000 pounds, was nearly twice as great as in 1899. The value in 1909, $22,028,000, represented 0.4 per cent of the total value of farm crops. The value given for 1899, $14,090,000, is not precisely comparable with that for 1909, since it includes the value of such derived products as wine and raisins, while the value given for 1909 represents the fruit alone. Since, however, in all states except California, the larger part of the grapes are sold in their natural condition, the values shown for most of the states are probably quite closely comparable. GRAPES— VINES, PRODUCTION, AND VALUE. Table 69 DIVISION OE STATE. u. s.... GEOG.Drvs.: New.Eng. Mid.Atl.. E.N.C... W.N.C... S.Atl.... E.S.C... W.S.C.. Mountain Pacific New Eng.: Me N.H Vt Mass E.I Conn Mm. Atl.: N.Y N.J Pa E.N. Cent.: Ohio Ind Ill Mich Wis W.N.Cent.: Minn Iowa Mo N.Dak.... S.Dak.... Nebr Kans S.Atl.: Del Md D.C Va W.Va N.C S.G Ga Fla E.S.Cent.: -Ky Term Ala Miss W.S.Cent.: Ark La Okla , Tex Mountain: Mont Idaho Wyo Colo , N.Mex..., Ariz Utah , Nev , Pacific: Wash Oreg CalH , 223,701,622 Number of vines of bear- 69,928,644 207,844 38,676,641 22,708,296 9,222,514 1,903,341 1,308,203 3,937,376 936,328 144,800,979 12,613 2,825, 1,740, 543, 265, 943, 637, 40,366; 144, 9,731 15,802 9,318 58,277 7,662 107,054 ,802,097 ,603,280 ,271,264 ,326,800 ,049,232 1,170,340 ,013,676 148,348 61,916 ,983,466 ,026,526 379 38,647 ,221,736 1,889,845 260,963 138,801 5,196 424,701 284,074 411,278 79,708 277,658 20,962 605,002 338,768 287,431 77,012 806,921 31,041 !, 388, 213 712,201 68,269 74 254,292 260,076 131,679 204,445 26,607 322,007 381,302 097,670 Number of vines not of bearing age: 1910 1,944 3,016 1,846 14,261 9,634 61,670 3,801,800 668,945 8,262,811 465,750 149,441 287,734 35,950 446, 126 486,044 1,464 46,891 380, 788 343,002 98,950 44,690 200 136,026 76,465 120,208 19,704 38,233 77,626 76,040 77,105 34,870 177,624 20,936 447,489 297,869 1,121 124,806 1,147 101,332 122,367 84,510 94,043 7,941 371,733 468,598 1,526,319 2,671,065,205 3,413,161 293,527,780 194,730,671 41,088,852 32,439,760 8,143,715 8,266,667 4,858,195 1,984,597,404 PEODTJCTION (FOUNDS). 1909 1,300,984,097 231,529 375,164 203,011 1,132,838 152,937 1,317,682 253,006,361 6,601,221 34,020,198 43,933,207 12,817,363 16,582,785 120,696,997 701,329 293,805 11,708,336 17,871,816 360 144,634 4,762,217 6,317,684 1,938,267 2,152,382 28,630 4,108,694 3,224,751 16, 116, 920 2,016,506 2,767,""" 1,086,344 3,680,182 1,979,480 1,723,490 760, 663 2,593,727 106,596 3,762,727 1,802,618 370 604,227 159 1,037,614 425,416 837,842 1,676,363 376,205 1,704,006 3,206,874 1,979,686,525 1899 4,324,300 299,058,493 159,936,481 40,735,442 34,579,571 14,817,662 14,228,318 6,286,730 728,017,200 275,800 487,600 240, 100 1,308,300 189, 700 1,822,900 247,698,056 4,235,000 47,125,437 79,173,873 18,651,380 20,009,400 41,530,369 571,469 573,272 7,403,900 13, 783, 666 1,500 16,061 3,171,034 15,786,019 1,376,300 1,685,900 34,300 3,608,903 2,192,147 12,344,001 3,323,835 8,330,485 1,684,700 5, 134, 215 4,355,122 4,257,600 1,070,625 3,621,100 176,967 2 6,344,031 4,086,220 1,330 277,200 1,200 586,300 1,515,900 1,697,200 920,000 287,600 1,194,700 5,389,100 721,433,400 $22,027,961 1909 $14,090,234 108,348 4,945,342 3,129,363 1,156,625 909,900 348,397 304,454 128,532 10,997,000 6,954 10,926 6,328 30,858 9,769 43,623 3,961,677 132,957 850,708 868,594 287, 707 426,468 1,531,057 25,637 11,021 330,078 488, 755 14 4,789 137,295 184,673 43,967 53,498 1,059 156,266 92,834 336,083 88,620 99,216 38,357 137,326 86,423 81,386 44,262 97,986 6,099 122,045 78,325 17 18,814 32 28,026 16, 101 25,371 28,126 12,045 51,412 98, 776 10,846,812 1899' 112,614 3,484,987 2,2M,669 870,382 721,124 356,687 371,965 115,206 5,812,610 7,684 14,462 7,035 35,685 4,736 43,112 2,763,711 81,758 639,518 992,745 350,304 383,169 603,268 15,173 15,593 166,360 314,807 108 2,158 74,707 296,649 31,701 43,282 539 87,737 50,874 197,262 82,706 170,603 56,420 112,360 120,199 84,861 39,277 104,803 5,927 2134,880 126,356 ITS 6,721 60 17,174 33,717 24,779 27,736 6,856 27,242 162,643 6,622,825 1 Includes value of wine, grape juice, raisins, etc. 2 Includes Indian Territory. California had nearly two-thirds of the total num- ber of vines of bearing age in 1910 and produced more than three-fourths of the total grape crop of 1909. The value of the California product, however, in 1909 represented slightly less than half of the total for the country. The two states which rank next in the FARM CROPS, BY STATES. 415 production of grapes are New York and Michigan, but they are raised to some extent in nearly every state. In California and Michigan the production increased greatly between 1899 and 1909. Tropical and subtropical fruits (Tables 70 and 71). — ^The total value of tropical and subtropical fruits produced in 1909 was $24,707,000, or nearly three times the value of such fruits produced in 1899. The value of citrus fruits was $22,711,000, of figs $804,000, of pineapples $734,000, and that of ohves $405,000, other fruits being represented by relatively insignificant amounts. The value of the separate kinds of fruit was not reported for 1899. The production of citrus fruits in 1909 amounted to 23,502,000 boxes, as compared with 7,098,000 boxes in 1899 — an increase of 231.1 per cent. To the value of the citrus fruits in 1909 oranges contributed $17,566,000, lemons $2,994,000, and grapefruit $2,061,000. Much the greater part of the tropical and subtropical fruit produced in the United States is grown in CaHfornia and Florida, the value of the product of the former state in 1909 constituting 67.8 per cent of the total, and that of the latter 28.7 per cent. Oranges. — In 1910 the number of orange trees of bearing age was 9,738,000, and the number not of bearing age, 4,327,000.' The production in 1909 amounted to 19,487,000 boxes, or more than three times the number in 1899. The value of the 1909 crop was $17,566,000. Nearly three-fourths of the 1909 crop was produced in California, and most of the remainder in Florida. The production in the latter state in 1909 was about eighteen times as great as in 1899, the crop of the earlier year having been greatly reduced by disastrous frosts. lemons. — There were 957,000 lemon trees of bearing age in the United States in 1910, and 396,000 not of bearing age. The production in 1909 amounted to 2,770,000 boxes, as compared with 877,000 boxes in 1899 — an increase of 216.9 per cent. The value of the crop of 1909 was $2,994,000, the average value per box being somewhat greater than in the case of oranges. Nearly the entire production of lemons was in Cahfomia. Grapefruit. — No other class of fruit shows so great an increase between 1899 and 1909 as pomelo, or grapefruit. While the crop of 1899 was affected by the frosts in Florida, the leading state in the growing of this fruit, the production during recent years has been very much greater than during even the most favorable years prior to 1900. The total number of grapefruit trees of bearing age in 1910 was 710,000, and of trees not of bearing age 641,000. The produc- tion in 1909 amoimted to 1,189,000 boxes, as com- ' It should be noted that, as in the case of orchard fruits, the number of tropical and subtropical fruit trees reported as of bearing age in 1900 is believed to have included a good many not of bearing age, and to be, therefore, incomparable with the number for 1910. pared with 31,000 boxes in 1899, and the crop was valued at $2,061,000. Other citrus fruits.^The other citrus fruits are relatively unimportant. They include hmes, tanger- ines, and kumquats, chiefly produced in Florida, and mandarins, chiefly produced in Louisiana. The total production of limes amounted to only about 11,000 boxes, valued at slightly more than $12,000. That of tangarines nearly 39,000 boxes, valued at almost $69,000, while that of mandarins and kumquats was very small. CITRUS FRUITS— TREES, PRODUCTION, AND VALUE. Table 70 1910 1909 1899 STATE. Trees of bearing age. Trees not of bearing age. Produc- tion (boxes). Value. Produc- tion (boxes). All Citrus fruits 1.. 11,486,768 6,400,402 223,602,122 522,711,448 7,098,486 Oranges, total 9,737,927 33,373 6,615,805 2,766,618 266, 116 10,452 42,384 956,920 941,293 11,740 710,040 43,424 656, 213 45,387 46, 369 27,271 3,637 23,234 7,227 6,875 1,988 1,955 4,327,271 56,982 2,093,410 1,097,896 155,016 38,637 867,407 396,111 379, 676 7,329 640,697 25,689 600,049 30,239 30,088 3,873 34 3,839 1,923 1,900 358 222 19,487,481 32,247 14,436,180 4,852,967 149,979 3,779 10,694 2,770,313 2,756,221 12,367 1,189,250 122,516 1,061,637 11,318 11,302 38,752 3,581 34,871 3,896 3,340 1,112 1,091 17,566,464 62,341 12,951,505 4,304,987 222,339 8,648 22,090 2,993,738 2,976,571 13,753 2,060,610 143, ISO 1,907,816 12,478 12,457 68,770 4,188 64,082 6,563 5,945 2,826 2,768 6,167,891 11 116 Arizona 5,882,193 273,295 1,285 Florida Mississippi Texas Lemons, total . . - 876,878 874,305 2,359 30,790 17,861 12,306 23 839 California. Pomeloes (grape- fruit), total Calilomia. Florida. - I.lmeR, total Florida 221714 Tangerines, total California Florida Mandarins, total Louisiana W Kumquats, total Florida (») 1 Includes a small number of citron trees in 1910 and the value of their product in 1909, also a small amount of product in 1899. 2 Exclusive of a small quantity of citrons. ' No report. Figs. — The production of figs is somewhat more widely distributed than that of the citrus fruits. The total number of trees of bearing age in 1910 was 822,000, but there was a still larger number not of bearing age. The production in 1909 amounted to 35,060,000 pounds, valued at $804,000; the crop in 1899 amounted to 12,995,000 pounds. The leading state is California, which produced nearly two-thirds of the total crop in 190^9. Olives. — The production of olives is practically con- fined to California and Arizona. The crop of 1909, 16,405,000 pounds, was more than three times as great as that of 1899. Pineapples. — The production of pineapples in the United States is virtually confined to Florida. The crop of 1909 amounted to 779,000 crates. The pro- duction as reported for 1899 was expressed in number of pineapples, but on the basis of the average number per crate (about 30) it amounted to about 95,000 crates. 416 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. Other tropical and subtropical fruits. — In addition to the fruits already listed, there are a considerable num- ber of other tropical and subtropical fruits produced in small quantities in the United States, mainly in Florida and CaUfornia. These include bananas, avo- cado pears, guavas, mangoes, persimmons (Japanese), loquats, pomegranates, and dates. NONCITRUS TROPICAL AND SUBTROPICAL FRUITS- TREES, PRODUCTION, AND VALUE. Table 71 ngs, total Alabama Arkansas CaUiornia Florida Georgia...' Louisiana Mississippi. North Carolina South Carolina Texas Virginia Ail other states Plnea])ples, total Florida Olives, total Arizona California Bananas, total Florida Avocado pears: Florida Guavas, total California Florida Uaagoes: Florida Persimmons (Japa' nese), total California Florida Texas Loquats, total California Pomegranates, total Alabama Arizona California Georgia Nevada Sates, total 1910 Trees of bearing 821,640 62,731 4,174 269,001 12,784 49,424 71,464 65,397 21,054 24,807 230, 171 10, 136 10,497 3 36,191,389 36,190,768 846,175 9,353 , 836,347 23, U4 22,032 12,054 15,347 7,031 8,293 4,904 16,491 3,274 4,987 4,449 8,791 3,711 8,033 1,672 776 1,771 1,308 2,887 4,551 Trees not of bearing age. 1,028,717 33,893 2,518 214,527 12,602 11,813 102,043 38,664 7,783 7,326 685,396 4,925 7,238 2,602,813 2,602,585 123,784 1,773 121,669 7,515 6,885 23,072 3,807 443 3,364 7,775 17,176 8,801 3,895 2,718 1,011 1,011 9,276 3,652 347 2,745 1,320 541 22,269 1909 Produc- tion.! 35,060,395 1,773,126 80,707 22,990,353 474,287 1, 183, 494 2,025,308 1,949,301 660,624 975, 136 2,411,876 234,057 302, 126 778,651 778,644 16,405,493 264,895 16,132,412 10,060 10,048 4,920 354,062 95,063 258,709 5,278 6,723 2,696 1,615 1,175 4,541 4,516 162,825 19,090 23,360 30,075 27,366 46,650 9,947 Value. 8803, 810 80,960 5,953 260, 163 20,886 60,326 87,009 107,609 22,632 49,169 97,078 9,652 12,383 734,090 734,069 404,574 3,073 401, 277 5,661 5,638 10,100 11,628 4,018 7,604 9,087 3,344 2,066 2,136 6,880 5,830 4,203 617 477 968 920 915 633 Produc- tion.' 12,994,834 140,970 14,420 10,620,366 66,680 31,880 384,560 61,600 14, 610 74,050 611, 460 7,840 966,498 95,456 96,441 5,053,637 13, 150 5,040,227 (») 1,677,165 31,370 1,645,795 « 2,721 1,188 1,502 31 (') « m J Expressed in pounds for figs, oUves.guaTas, pomegranates, and dates; in crates for pineapples and avocado pears; in bunches for bananas; in boxes for mangoes and loquats; and in bushels for persimmons (Japanese). 2 Number of plants. ' Not reported separately. Nuts (Tables 72 and 73). — Systematic cultivation of nut trees, which is for the most part comparatively recent in the United States, is as yet largely confined to a few states in the South and on the Pacific coast. Throughout large sections of the country, however, there are many wild nut trees, the aggregate produc- tion of which is considerable; but in most cases the nuts obtained from such trees are not looked upon as a commercial crop and are mainly consumed on the farm. Doubtless the production of such wild nuts reported to the Census Bureau is much less than the actual production. The total nut crop reported for 1909, 62,328,000 pounds, was 55.7 per cent greater than that reported for 1899, and the value, $4,448,000, was 128.1 per cent greater. California is by far the most important state ia the production of nuts, and Texas ranks next. No other state reported as much as $100,000 worth of nuts in 1909. NUTS— PRODUCTION AND VALUE. Table 72 Total Alabama Arizona Arkansas California Connecticut Florida Georgia Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maryland Massachusetts.. Michigan Mississippi Missoun Nebraska New Hampshire New Jersey New York North Carolina. . Ohio Oldahoma Oregon Pennsylvania. . . South Carolina.. Tennessee Texas Virginia West Virginia. . . Wisconsin All other states.. PBODTJCTION (POUNDS).' 1909 62,328,010 439,382 36,834 787,864 28,378,115 137,987 382,535 845,663 714, 478 439,644 1,721,265 402, 714 946,428 796,925 318, 148 134,920 961, 137 866,504 2,823,368 384,325 264,621 249,626 2,773,868 1,244,629 659,093 1,019,238 177,632 3,795,804 376,013 783,670 6,946,932 841, 672 974,312 609,428 1,205,666 1899 40, 028, 825 193,570 121,060 633,700 17,775,606 866,650 98,470 181,710 360,680 688,800 484,860 310,830 403,270 665,770 66,960 462,800 470,700 313,620 1,747,520 93,000 249,900 947,950 3,451,550 244,330 295,250 M5,330 42, 980 6,066,500 213,320 669,660 1,836,970 376,440 502,900 80,160 289,240 VALUE.2 1909 $4,447,674 37,986 4,486 27,513 2,969,845 5,102 47,456 61,106 20,560 7,344 36,922 7,625 17,231 73, 169 6,687 3,671 18,956 90,855 39,746 8,906 3,684 7,116 74,420 28,535 11,691 62,168 13,208 90,447 26,888 14,041 662,542 22,161 16,049 18, 196 22,373 1899 $1,949,931 6,316 9,328 8,898 1,441,137 17.432 8,453 3,997 6,620 6,264 7,603 6,097 8,365 51,457 2,055 12,106 7,436 17,158 19,838 1,596 6,329 20,660 71,122 3,413 4,871 1 1,034 2,660 91,149 3,868 5,828 78,971 5,109 4,488 1,460 7,025 1 Does not include coconuts, which are reported by niunber. > Includes value of coconuts. ' Includes Indian Territory . ALMONDS, PECANS, AND PERSIAN OR ENGLISH WALNUTS— TREES, PRODUCTION, AND VALUE. Table 73 STATE. Almonds, total Arizona California All other states Pecans, total Alabama Arkansas Florida Georgia niinois Louisiana ,l. Mississippi Missouri North Carolina Oklahoma South Carolina Texas All other states Persian or EngUsh walnuts, total California Mississippi Oregon AU other states 1910 Trees of bearing 1,187,962 6,630 1,166,730 14,593 1,619,521 44,683 13,958 42,512 75,519 28,330 36,527 60,524 48,822 6,876 96,766 33,366 1,087,619 44,019 914,270 853,237 2,705 9,526 48,802 Trees not of bearing age. 389,575 845 366,961 22,769 1,685,066 125,734 13,811 176,207 325,779 8,223 119,547 148,030 7,214 20,781 63,796 43,639 621, 550 20, 765 806,413 646,804 5,613 177,004 77,092 1909 Produc- tion (pounds). 6,793,539 33,759 6,692,513 67,267 9,890,769 228,341 249,965 307,632 354,046 107,069 723,578 637,293 147,420 74,861 894, 172 169,823 5,832,367 174,212 22,026,624 21,432,266 66,492 79,060 448,706 Value. $711,970 4,193 700,304 7,473 971,596 30,540 17,603 43,962 47,845 10,301 70,635 79,936 10,467 8,194 69,481 20,442 566,203 15,987 2,297,336 2,247,193 6,949 8,288 34,906 1899 Produc- tion (pounds). 7,142,710 116,510 6,992,610 33,590 3,206,850 60,670 86,050 46,800 27,440 41,380 637,470 242,300 76,170 10,900 116,580 13,020 1,810,670 138,400 10,668,065 10,619,976 6,670 6,110 36,310 ' Includes Indian Territory. The most important nut crops are Persian or English walnuts, pecans, and almonds, which are the only nuts that are, on any large scale, produced by cultiva- FARM CROPS, BY STATES. 417 tion. Tke combined value of these three classes of nuts in 1909 amounted to $3,981,000, or about nine- tenths of the total for all nuts. The crop of Persian or English walnuts ia 1909, 22,027,000 pounds, was more than twice as great as that in 1899. Most of these nuts were grown in Cali- fornia. The production of pecans in 1909, 9,891,000 pounds, was more than three times as great as that of 10 years earlier. About three-fifths of the crop was grown in Texas, and most of the remainder in Okla- homa, Louisiana, Mississippi, Georgia, and Florida. The production of almonds, which is mainly confined to California, amounted to 6,794,000 pounds in 1909, or somewhat less than in 1899. FRUITS AND NUTS. VALUE, BY STATES: 1909. 72497°— 13 .418 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. FLOWERS AND PLANTS, NURSERY PRODUCTS, AND FOREST PRODUCTS. Flowers and plants. — Table 74 includes statistics both for flowers and plants raised on ordinary farms and for those raised by florists' establishments devoted exclusively to this branch of industry. Often such establishments have comparatively little land, but raise their products chiefly in greenhouses and by highly intensive methods. The acreage statistics, therefore, have comparatively little significance. The acreage reported for the United States as a whole ia 1909 amounted to 18,248. The value of the flowers and plants raised was $34,872,000, an increase of 85.9 per cent as compared with 1899. These products contributed 0.6 per cent of the total value of crops in 1909. The value of flower seeds is not included in this table, but appears, together with that of vege- table seeds, ia Table 38. As might be expected, the raising of flowers and plants is most extensively carried on in the neighbor- hood of large cities. New York, Pennsylvania, Illinois, New Jersey, Massachusetts, and Ohio are the leading states in this industry according to value of products. The raising of flowers and plants is also an important industry on the Pacific coast. Nnrsery products. — ^As in the case of flowers and plants, the statistics presented in Table 74 cover the raising of nursery products not only on ordinary farms, but also by establishments which devote them- selves exclusively to this branch of agriculture, and which employ only intensive methods. The acreage in 1909, 80,618, was 35.5 per cent greater than in 1899, while the value of products, $21,051,000, was more than twice as great as 10 years earlier, and was equal to 0.4 per cent of the total value of farm crops. In value of nursery products the Middle Atlantic division ranked first, the West North Central second, the Pacific third, and the East North Central fourth. New York reported a greater value of such products than any other state, California being next in order. Forest products. — The census schedule for 1910 called for the "value of all firewood, fencing material, logs, railroad ties, telegraph and telephone poles, materials for barrels, bark, naval stores, or other forest products cut or produced in 1909, whether used on farms, sold, or on hand April 15, 1910;" and also, as a separate item, for the "amount received from sale of standing timber in 1909." The schedule of the 1900 census was substantially similar, except that it did not specifically mention standing timber; it is probable that some sales of standing timber were in- cluded in the returns, but that the total value of forest products as reported for 1899 was somewhat lower than it would have been if the schedule had been worded as in 1910. The value of forest products at ea«h census, as shown in Table 74, represents only that derived from farms, which is much less than that de- rived from land not in farms. Most of the forest products of farms are derived from natural forests, as there is yet little systematic planting of forest trees. The total value of the forest products of farms in 1909 was $195,306,283, which is 77.8 per cent greater than that reported for 1899. Of this amount, $102,782,078 was the value of products used or to be used on the farms themselves, $70,800,983 that of products sold or intended for sale, and $21,723,222 the amount received for standing timber. The total value of forest products of farms in 1909 represented 3.6 per cent of the value of all crops. The production of forest products by farmers is widely distributed. In 1909 the South Atlantic divi- sion outranked all others in the value of such products, and was foUowed by the East North Central and East South Central divisions. The states of North Carolina, New York, and Virginia each reported forest products valued at more than $10,000,000. In total value of forest products, including those not produced on farms, the ranking of the states would be very different. , FARM CROPS, BY STATES. 419 FLOWERS AND PLANTS, NURSERY PRODUCTS, AND FOREST PRODUCTS OF FARMS: 1909 AND 1899. Table 74 FLOWERS AND PLANTS. NUKSEET PEODUCTS. POKEST PEODUCTS OF FAEMS. DIVISION OB STATE. Acreage. Value. Acreage. Value. Value. 1909 1899 1909 1899 1909 1899 1909 1899 1909 1899 United States 18,218 9,307 134,872,329 $18,758,864 80,618 69,492 $21,050,822 $10,123,873 $195,306,283 $109,864,774 GBOQBAPmc divisions: New England 2,281 6,447 3,859 1,185 1,486 647 628 233 1,483 1,095 3,182 1,952 638 814 387 290 185 764 4,677,316 11,810,076 9,029,125 2,642,343 1,932,426 1,005,548 846,009 753,914 2,176,572 2,763,771 7,067,038 4,488,506 1,246,913 1,450,924 609,124 229,361 276,269 726,968 2,647 13,676 13,811 16,614 9,963 8,130 5,734 1,731 8,313 1,800 13,221 12,063 12,377 6,050 4,894 4,041 963 4,083 989,080 4,355,340 3,037,823 3,841,690 1,851,361 1,147,669 1,711,284 594,096 3,522,489 647,663 2,623,065 1,794,842 2,062,847 851,511 751,319 612,413 251,787 738,526 17,664,763 19.110,765 32,161,851 19,891,878 44,010,178 29,264,946 21,026,984 2,680,902 9,694,016 10,472,941 Middle Atlantic 14,621,344 27,063,648 West North Central.' 11,780,749 South Atlantic 18,547,791 East South Central 14,784,182 West South Central 7,826,858 Mountain 740,033 4,027,228 New England: Maine. . . 112 93 23 1,203 290 660 2,979 1,436 2,032 1,070 496 1,339 702 262 163 361 383 4 19 94 161 44 478 240 376 26 107 23 144 49 249 239 120 39 26 227 40 336 20 18 6 154 8 6 20 1 340 130 1,013 71 38 38 684 177 187 1,496 613 1,073 686 174 679 220 194 143 140 181 2 11 86 76 30 174 217 143 39 61 28 77 46 132 140 53 62 25 89 '9 167 17 S 5 137 5 2 14 (') 34 68 672 301,005 236,144 78,726 2,466,467 668,543 1,047,431 6,148,949 2,867,709 3,803,418 2,384,830 1,212,891 3,694,801 1,143,764 592, 839 603,935 667,393 663,903 47,221 50,008 366,168 273,715 71,429 697,001 303,609 362, 488 78,377 126,995 62,094 271,427 69,106 392,409 344,679 168,239 100,321 153,421 126,212 92,016 474,360 104,601 43,314 12,280 468,686 31,121 11,177 81,116 1,620 518,226 268,833 1,388,613 155,131 108,161 68,675 1,639,760 314,806 487,338 2,867,673 1,953,290 2,246,075 1,399,957 400,730 1,894,960 621,987 270,872 288,055 320,407 409,890 2,900 3,260 142,636 79,765 57, 013 366,862 619,565 238,712 44,384 31,163 7,920 164,888 41,417 262,288 176,979 43,950 26,907 25,830 76,628 26,644 120,249 33,630 2,805 2,480 198,479 4,442 235 34,173 25 50,450 95,872 580,646 57 24 37 1,647 212 770 8,680 2,167 2,828 4,718 1,850 3,464 3,034 756 3,864 3,430 2,459 472 399 1,997 4,003 182 4,240 « 569 464 764 21 1,502 2,231 642 3,976 3,079 633 528 502 857 3,847 341 630 m 241 24 18 577 « 1,342 2,168 4,803 107 34 74 894 86 605 8,238 1,782 3,201 4,699 1,646 3,142 1,840 736 1,127 2,906 2,971 131 200 1,594 3,449 174 1,275 1 1,200 647 1,149 84 957 663 837 2,838 1,038 181 868 276 2804 2,093 62 115 2 497 32 14 236 i 155 1,014 2,914 23,244 11,897 11,014 606,876 76, 644 261,606 2,760,957 681,814 922,669 860,361 411,387 822,284 642,774 301,027 863,014 845,912 529,394 30,997 70,827 663,053 948,493 39,057 456,900 150 169,992 79,268 266,968 4,409 366,433 478,174 116,963 697,703 259,057 74,946 198,579 87,643 171,962 1,253,110 174,427 143,234 1,680 72,090 9,182 4,535 188,466 493 526,681 783,020 2,212,788 46,207 7,012 49,625 260,069 42,295 142,356 1,642,107 339,926 641,032 638,012 264,893 578, 306 338,644 85,087 383,106 619,092 349,449 7,249 12,866 234,033 447,063 17,241 123,474 325 214,988 61,700 136,084 4,416 172,143 122,140 114,749 474,133 131,132 31,305 131,045 63,693 2103,264 314,511 17,826 38,431 215 65,936 5,753 2,914 120,648 65 28,699 151,498 668,329 5,673,763 3,610,178 3,638,637 2,668,410 312,022 1,861,853 10,365,651 768,515 7,986,699 5,761,941 5,603,322 3,325,259 7,911,901 9,559,428" 6,181,508 3,649,032 8,406,823 236,386 257,126 795,053 1,366,950 346,062 2,349,045 238 10,118,851 4,004,484 11,364,134 4,513,092 8,938,390 2,376,882 7,843,142 8,510,710 6,308,151 6,602,943 6,914,262 3,684,340 1,602,720 8,926,662 641,800 1,280,612 104,269 305,719 263,822 45,312 6,730 42,748 3,754,293 2,889,991 2,949,732 2,652,262 2,296,265 2,108,518 Massachusetts... . . . . 1,944,714 196,472 1,276,720 Mtodle Atlantic: New York 7,671,108 New Jersev . . . 469,065 6,481,181 East North Central: -6,625,897 Indiana 5,236,469 Dlinois 2,555,890 MIcliiean " 7,530,369 6,116,033 West North Central: 2,602,335 3,266,449 4,442,131 North Dakota 112,807 106,284 412,746 837,997 South Atlantic: 250, 481 1,170,362 50 3,797,116 2,632,980 4,915,991 1,916,280 3,217,119 648,412 East South Centeal: 4,179,480 5,086,624 2,494,452 3,023,626 West South Centeal: 2,468,718 1,381,867 2 466,240 3,520,033 Mountain: 176,134 315,821 14,700 113,055 34,268 48,877 13,326 23,853 Pacific: 1,002,126 1,300,724 California 1,724,378 » Less than 1 acre. 2 Includes Indian Territory, i Reported in small fractions. Chapter 14. IRRIGATION AND IRRIGATED CROPS. Introduction. — ^This chapter contains, in condensed form, the principal data regarding irrigation derived from the Thirteenth Decennial Census, taken in the year 1910. An amendment to the Thirteenth Census act, ap- proved February 25, 1910, contained the followuig clause relating to irrigation: Inquiries shall also be made as to the location and character of irrigation enterprises, quantity of land irrigated in the arid region of the United States and in each state and county in that section under state and Federal laws; the price at which these lands, includ- ing water rights, are obtainable; the character and value of crops produced on irrigated lands, the amount of water used per acre for said irrigation and whether it was obtainable from national, state, or private works; the location of the various projects and methods of construction, with facts as to their physical condition; the amount of capital invested in such irrigation works. As the Office of Experiment Stations of the United States Department of Agriculture employs a corps of state irrigation agents, an arrangement was made by which these state irrigation agents cooperated in the supervision in their respective states of the work of the special agents of the Bureau of the Census in collecting statistics of irrigation. The taformation called for by this law which could be suppUed by farm operators was obtained on sup- plemental schedules by the regular census enumerators as a part of the agricultural census. The remaining data, which were supplied by the owners or officials of irrigation enterprises, were obtained on special sched- ules by the special agents. The data relating to crops presented here were taken from the supplemental sched- ules filled out by the agricultural enumerators. With the exception of the statistics as to the number of farms irrigated, which were obtained as explained on the following page, aU the other data presented here were taken from the special schedules. The law relating to the special irrigation census, quoted above, provided that the inquiry should cover the "arid region of the United States." For the pur- poses of this report the "arid region" has been held to include all sections of the United States where irrigation is generally practiced in the growing of farm crops. As defined in this way, the "arid region" in- cludes the western parts of the tier of states formed by the Dakotas, Nebraska, Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas, and all of the states between these and the Pacific Ocean. In parts of this great territory there is abund- ant rainfall; but in each of the states comprised in it there are considerable sections, and in some very extensive areas, where farming is largely dependent upon irrigation. The special inquiry was also extended to the rice growing districts of Louisiana, Texas, and Arkansas, but the rice district has been treated separately in this report. (See p. 431.) In accordance with the law, the enterprises have been classified primarily according to their legal status — that is, according to the state or Federal laws by virtue of which they were created, or according to other features of their legal and economic form. The types of enterprises distinguished are as follows : United States Beclamatlon Service enterprises, established under the Federal law of June 17, 1902, providing for the construction of irrigation works with the receipts fi-om the sale of public lands. United States Indian Service enterprises, established imder va- rious acts of Congress providing for the construction by that service of works for the irrigation of land in Indian reservations. Carey Act enterprises, established under the Federal law of Au- gust 18, 1894, granting to each of the states in the arid region 1,000,000 acres of land on condition that the state provide for its irrigation, and under amendments to that law gi-anting additional areas to Idaho and Wyoming. Irrigation districts, which are public corporations established under state laws and empowered to issue bonds and levy and collect taxes for the purchase or construction of irrigation works. Cooperative enterprises, which are controlled by the water users combined in some oi-ganized form of cooperation under state laws. The most common form of organization is the stock company, the stock of which is owned by the water users. In Arizona and New Mexico many of the cooperative enterprises ai-e operated under laws regulating ''commimity " ditches. Individual and partnership enterprises, which belong to indi- vidual farmers, or to groups of farmers associated without formal organization. It is not always possible to distinguish between partnership and cooperative enterprises; but as the difference is slight this is unimportant. Commercial enterprises, incorporated or otherwise, which supply water for compensation to parties who own no interest in the works. Persons obtaining water from such enterprises are usually required to pay for the right to receive water and to pay, in addition, annual charges based in some instances on the acreage irrigated and in others on the quantity of water received. (421) 422 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. THE ARID REGION AS A WHOLE. Summary. — Table 1 summarizes the principal data for the arid region as a whole as returned at the census of 1910, and includes corresponding data for the preceding census as far as available. Unless otherwise indicated the figures relate to the year in which the census was taken. In the reports of the censuses of 1900 and 1890 data relating to irrigation on Indian reser- vations were excluded from the totals for the arid region, but for the later census they are included. Siace the acreage which was irrigated on Indian reservations ki 1909 was only 172,912, or 1.3 per cent of the total acreage reported as irrigated, it has not been deemed advisable to elimuiate the figures for Indian reserva- tions in making comparisons between the different censuses. The general agricultural statistics given in the table for purposes of comparison cover the entire areas of the states included in the arid region, as defined on the preceding page, although in some of the states the territory which requires no irrigation vastly exceeds the irrigated territory. The number of farms irrigated is the number of farms on which irrigation is practiced, regardless of the extent of such irrigation, and is equivalent to the term "nimiber of irrigators" used ia previous census reports. The niunber given for 1909 is made up of the number reported on the supplemental agricultural schedules by the regular eniunerators, together with an estimate of the number of farms served by enterprises which were reported by special agents but not by the regular enu- merators . The reports of the special agents stated only the acreage supphed by such enterprises, and the num- ber of farms was estimated on the basis of the average acreage irrigated p6r farm, as shown by the supple- mental schedules. The acreage irrigated ia 1909 is that reported by the special agents from ioformation secured from owners or officials of irrigation enterprises or, in some in- stances, from pubHc records. This acreage is probably ia some measure an overstatement. There is a natural tendency for the officials of irrigation enterprises to report as irrigated the entire areas of farms of which only a part is irrigated. Furthermore, some farms re- ceive water from more than one enterprise, and may be reported as irrigated by each, which results in duplica- tion. It is believed, however, that the acreage given is within 10 per cent of the correct figure. In addition to information as to the acreage irrigated in 1909 data were collected as to the acreage the enterprises were capable of supplying with water in 1910 and the total acreage which enterprises completed or under way in 1910 were designed to supply ultimately (designated as "acreage included in projects"). Vable 1 CENSUS OF — 1910 1900 Amount. Per cent. Number of farms '■ Approximate land area ' acres Land in farms * acres Improved land in farms '■ acres Number of farms irrigated , Acreage irrigated , Acreage enterprises were capable of irrigating , Acreage included in projects Number of enterprises Total lengfii of ditches miles. Length of main ditches miles. Length of lateral ditches miles. Number of reservoirs , Capacity of reservoirs acre-feet. Number, of flowing wells , Number of pumped wells , Number of pumping plants , Capacity of power plants norsepower. Acreage irrigated with pumped water Acreage irrigated from flowing wells Cost of irrigation enterprises Averagecost per acre Average cost of operation and maintenance, per acre 1, 440, 822 1, 161, 385, 600 388, 606, 991 173, 433, 957 2 158, 713 2 13, 738, 485 19, 334, 697 31, 111, 142 54, 700 125, 591 87, 529 38, 062 6,812 12, 581, 129 5,070 14, 558 13, 906 243, 435 2 477, 625 2 144, 400 1307, 866, 369 8 $15. 92 2 $1. 07 1, 095, 675 1, 161, 385, 600 348, 780, 221 119, 709, 592 ' 107, 489 ^ 7, 518, 527 ?! 345, 147 31.5 39, 826, 770 53, 724, 365 51, 224 6, 219, 958 11.4 44.9 47.7 82.7 « 166, 962, 275 ' $8. 91 3 $0. 38 $240, 904, 094 $0.69 359.8 18L6 ' Figures relate to entire areas of states in the arid region, the 2 In 1909. ' In 1899. « Not reported. figures for 1900 including Indian Territory. « Based on cost to July 1, 1910, and acreage enterprises were capable of irrigating in 1910. s Cost of systems operated in 1899. ' Based on acreage irrigated in 1899. s Figures not comparable. (See explanation in text.) The number of farms on which irrigation was prac- ticed, for purposes other than rice growing, in 1909 in the states of the arid region was 158,713, or 11 per cent of the total number of farms in the same states. While the total number of farms in. this region, in- cluding the entire area of states in which irrigation is practiced in the western part, increased 31.5 per cent between 1900 and 1910, the number of farms on IRRIGATION AND IRRIGATED CROPS. 423 which irrigation was practiced increased 47.7 per cent between 1899 and 1909, the irrigated farms forming a larger percentage of all farms in 1909 than in 1899. The acreage reported as irrigated in 1909 was 13,738,485, which constitutes 1.2 per cent of the total land area of the same states, 3.5 per cent of the total land in farms, and 7.9 per cent of the improved land in farms. There was an increase of 82.7 per cent in such acreage between 1899 and 1909, a rate of increase much higher than that in the number of farms irrigated, the average irrigated acreage per farm being greater for 1909 than for 1899. The acreage to which enterprises were ready to supply water in 1910 was 19,334,697, or 5,596,212 acres in excess of the acreage irrigated in 1909, while the acreage included in all projects in 1910, whether completed or in process of development, was 31,111,142, or 17,372,657 acres greater than the acre- age reported as irrigated in 1909. The total length of ditches used for irrigation in 1910 was 125,591 miles. There were 6,812 reservoirs hav- ing a combined capacity of 12,581,129 acre-feet, or nearly 1 acre-foot of reservoir capacity for each acre irrigated from any source in 1909. The number of pumping plants reported was 13,906 and the acreage supplied by them 477,625. The total cost of irrigation enterprises to July 1, 1910, was $307,866,369, or $15.92 per acre of the land which these enterprises were capable of supplying with water in 1910. The increases in the items relating to cost are the most conspicuous shown. The total cost of irrigation enterprises increased between 1900 and 1910 by 359.8 per cent, and the average cost per acre covered increased also, although much less in degree. (As to the comparability of the figures for this item, however, see the discussion hi this subject following Table 12.) The average cost of operation and maintenance per acre of land irrigated for the year 1909 shows also a large increase — 181.6 percent — over the cost shown for 1899. It is believed, how- ever, that the cost shown for 1899 is not properly comparable with that for 1909. FARMS AND ACREAGE IRRIGATED. Number of farms irrigated. — Table 2 gives, by states, the number of farms irrigated in 1909, 1899, and 1889, together with the decennial rates of increase. "Table 2> FAKM3 lEEIGATED. 1909 1899 1889 Increase. 1 1899-1909 1889-1899 Number. Per cent. Per cent. Total 168,713 4,841 39,352 25,857 16,439 1,006 8,970 1,852 2,406 12,795 69 137 6,669 500 4,150 19,709 7,664 6,297 107,489 2,981 25,611 17,613 8,987 929 8,043 1,932 1,906 7,884 54 124 4,636 606 1,252 17,924 3,286 3,721 54,136 1,075 13,732 9,659 4,323 519 3,706 214 1,167 3,085 7 51,224 1,860 13,741 8,244 7,462 77 927 -80 500 4,911 15 13 2,033 -106 2,898 1,785 4,378 2,576 47.7 62.4 53.7 46.8 82.9 8.3 11.5 -4.1 26.2 62.3 43.9 -17.5 231.5 10.0 133.2 69.2 98.6 Arizona 177.3 California 86.5 82.3 Idaho 107.9 79.0 117.0 Nebraska 802.8 63.3 New Mexico North Dakota 155.6 3,160 189 623 9,724 1,046 1,917 47.2 South Dakota 220.6 101.0 Utah 84.3 Washington 'WvominK 214.1 94.1 1 A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease. 2 Per cent not calculated when base Is less than 100. a Exclusive of farms irrigated for rice growing. The total number of farms on which irrigation was practiced in 1909 was 158,713. California contained the largest number of such farms, having about one- fourth (24.8 per cent) of the total number, and Colo- rado the next largest number, nearly one-sixth (16.3 percent) of the total, while Utah ranked third in this re- spect, with about one-eighth (12.4 percent) of the total. The percentage of increase between 1889 and 1899 in the number of farms irrigated was more than double that during the succeedmg decade, but the absolute increases during the two decades were approximately equal. Nebraska showed the largest percentage of increase during the former period and Texas during the latter period, but in neither state is the actual number of irrigated farms large. Li Nebraska and South Dakota there were decreases between 1899 and 1909. The largest absolute increase in both decades was in California. In the period 1899 to 1909 the next largest increase was in Colorado, and in the period 1889 to 1899 in Utah. Acreage irrigated. — ^Table 3 gives, by states, the acreage irrigated in the arid region in 1909, 1899, and 1889, respectively, with the percentage of increase in each decade. Table 3 ACEEAGE lEKIGATED. 1909 1899 1889 Increase. STATE. 1899-1909 1889- 1899 Amount. Per cent. Per cent. Total 13,738,485 320,051 2,664,104 2,792,032 1,430,848 37,479 1,679,084 255,950 701,833 461,718 10,248 4,388 686,129 63,248 164,283 999,410 334,378 1,133,302 7,518,527 185,396 1,445,872 1,611,271 602,668 23,620 951,154 148,638 604,168 203,893 4,872 2,759 388,310 43,676 40,962 629,293 126,307 606,878 3,631,381 65,821 1,004,233 890,735 217,005 20,818 350,682 11,744 224, 4a3 91,745 445 6,219,958 134,655 1,218,232 1,180,761 828,280 13,859 727,930 107,412 197,665 257,825 5,376 1,629 297,819 19,572 123,331 370,117 208,071 527,424 82.7 72.6 84.3 73.3 137.5 58.7 76.5 72.3 39.2 126.5 110.3 69.0 76.7 44.8 301.2 58.8 164.7 87.1 107.0 181.7 44.0 80.9 177.7 13.5 171.3 1,164.8 124.7 122.2 994.8 California Idaho Nebraslca New Mexico North Dakota 177,944 15,717 18,241 263,473 48,799 229,676 118.2 177.9 124.5 South Dakota Texas' , . Utah Wasliington Wyoming 168.8 163.8 1 Exclusive of land irrigated for rice growing. 424 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. Hie total acreage reported as irrigated iu 1909 was 13,738,485, an increase of 6,219,958 acres, or 82.7 per cent, as compared with 1899. The increase in the preceding decade was 3,887,146 acres, or 107 per cent. In total acreage irrigated CaUfomia ranked first in 1889, Colorado second, and Montana third. In both 1899 and 1909 Colorado reported the largest irrigated acreage, while California and Montana were second and third, respectively. Idaho followed closely in 1909. From 1899 to 1909 California showed the largest absolute increase, followed by Colorado, Idaho, and Montana in the order named. In percentage of increase for this decade, however, Texas ranked first, Washington second, Idaho third, and New Mexico fourth. Acreage irrigated in 1909, acreage enterprises were capable of irrigating in 1910, and acreage incliid.ed in projects. — In Table 4 data as to the acreage irrigated in 1909, the acreage enterprises were capable of irri- gating in 1910, and the acreage included in projects are presented, with classification according to the type of enterprise. Table 4 Total... Arizona Califorma Colorado Idaho Kansas Montana Nebraska Nevada New Mexico.. North Dakota Oklahoma Oregon South Dakota. Texas' Utah Washington . . Wyoming ALL CLASSES OF ENTEEPBISES. Acreage irrigated inl909. 13,738,485 320,051 2,664,104 2,792,032 1,430,848 37,479 1,679,084 265,950 701,833 461,718 10,248 4,388 686,129 63,248 164,283 999,410 334,378 1,133,302 Acreage enter- prises were capable of irrigating in 1910. 19,334,697 387,655 3,619,378 3,990,166 2,388,959 139,995 2,205,165 429,225 840,962 644,970 21,917 6,397 830,526 128,481 340,641 1,260,246 470,514 1,639,610 Acreage included in projects. 31,U1,142 944,090 5,490,360 5,917,457 3,649,673 161,300 3,615,602 680,133 1,232,142 1,102,297 38,173 8,528 2,627,208 201,625 763,699 1,947,625 817,032 2,224,298 U. S. RECLAMATION SERVICE. Acreage irrigated in 1909. 395,646 138,364 400 16,600 47,600 6,953 14,077 30,536 30,000 13,398 1,610 22,000 5,613 55,690 12,905 Acreage enter- prises were capable 01 irri- gating in 1910. 786,190 164,600 1,200 30,000 113,000 85,246 66,241 90,185 21,467 12,096 45,319 47,568 74,600 34,869 Acreage included in projects. 1,973,016 370, 14, 193, 296, 10, 113, 107, 216, 30, 24,480 185, 101, 143,096 167,880 V. S. INDLAN SERVICE. Acreage irrigated tnig09. 172,912 19,386 3,490 1,020 3,426 67,417 300 2,597 24,007 429 60 11,520 35,000 4,270 Acreage enter- prises were capable of irri- gating in 1910. 376,676 20,974 3,490 2,020 21,640 114,340 300 3,381 24,743 439 60 86,600 60,000 48, 699 Acreage included in projects. 879,068 36,017 3,800 20,020 51,540 440,940 600 18,060 37,465 879 100 106,000 100,000 63,657 CAREY ACT ENTERPRISES. Acreage irrigated in 1909. 288, 553 485 162,418 9,648 24,750 5,000 86,262 Acreage enter- prises were capable of irri- gating in 1910. 1,089,677 6,085 742,618 20,000 206,974 Acreage included in projects. 2,673,874 69,480 1,098,661 306,997 "i6,'666 633,264 43,000 426,472 IRRIGATION DISTRICTS. Acreage irrigated in 1909. Acreage enter- were capable of irri- gating In 1910. Acreage included in projects. COOPERATIVE ENTERPRISES. irrigated in 1909. Acreage enter- prises were capable of irri- gating in 1910. Acreage included in projects. INDIVIDUAL AND PARTNERSHIP ENTERPRISES. Acreage irrigated in 1909. Acreage enter- prises were capable of irri- gating in 1910. Acreage included in projects. COMMERCIAL ENTERPRISES. Acreage irrigated in 1909. Acreage enter- prises were capable of irri- gating in 1910. Acreage included In projects. Total. Arizona... California. Colorado.. Idaho Montana Nebraska Nevada New Mexico. North Dakota. Oklahoma Oregon Soutli Dakota . Texas • Utah Washington . Wyoming ... 628, 643 800,451 173,793 115,304 140,930 294,108 207,570 177,900 606,351 487,370 329,796 412 76,448 6,040 77,228 6,640 91,076 16,400 4,643,539 101,026 779,020 1,273,141 628,102 27,372 333,926 78,605 78,966 261,911 6, 191, 677 120,569 984,670 1,870,447 782, 603 135,200 373,022 168,260 88,255 355,327 8, 830, 197 360,639 1,388,435 2,436,367 993,746 144,200 518,209 240,009 129,269 482,054 1,500 1,600 8,455 10,802 11,800 27,050 2,000 149,986 13,601 41,186 687,260 81,122 116,317 3,000 169,944 18,243 75,011 790,856 90,806 166, 476 3,500 399, 632 22,687 •146,796 1,259,351 115,410 6,257,387 61,196 961,136 1,226,026 403,600 3,154 1,191,060 45,227 581 ; 406 144,212 8,638 2,388 410,078 37,684 49,657 222,448 95, 655 813, 823 7,666,110 81,422 1,131,951 1,581,941 483,946 4,795 1,495,613 64,472 649,841 186,283 9,821 3,397 464,074 65,820 65,286 257,266 117, 145 1,024,137 10, 153, 545 175,834 1,512,611 2,039,533 676, 608 6,423 1,982,220 86,305 844,128 295,171 13,693 6,028 619,986 69,971 104,044 376,602 192,310 1,163,378 1,451,8 746,266 169, 457 44,872 2,424,116 200 1,204,059 292,103 67,362 6,119,977 1,600 1,965,063 681,687 104,322 62,544 24,834 8,864 28,190 62,724 9,300 58,150 146,852 154,623 24,600 224,950 77,387 6,300 73,440 64,727 66,911 87,935 93,750 6,800 200,344 87,070 138,064 133,305 692,467 6,900 502,860 161,970 266,216 195,967 ' Exclusive of land irrigated for rice growing. The enterprises were reported in 1910 as capable of irrigating 19,334,697 acres, which is 5,596,212 acres in excess of the acreage actually irrigated in 1909. This excess shows the extent to which the irrigated area can be enlarged without the construction of additional works. It does not, however, represent land avail- able for settlement in the latter year, as much of the land that was under ditch in 1910 but not irri- gated in 1909 was already taken up, being in farms not completely under cultivation. The excess acreage lies principally in Colorado, Idaho, California, Montana, andWyoming, these states ranking in the order named in this respect. The acreage included in projects which were .either completed or under way July 1, 1910, as reported by the various enterprises — 31,111,142— was 17,372,657 IRRIGATION AND IRRIGATED CROPS. 425 acres greater than the acreage irrigated in 1909. The figure would indicate the amount by which the irri- gated acreage may be extended upon the completion of existing enterprises, were it not probable that the owners of these enterprises in some cases have over- estimated what they can accomplish. It is certain, however, that much additional land will later be provided with a water supply by works that were in process of construction in 1910. The amount of ex- cess of the acreage included in projects over that irri- gated in 1909 is also greatest in the states named in the preceding paragraph and in Oregon. Table 5 shows by percentages the relative impor- tance of the several classes of enterprises as judged by acreage. Table 5 CLASS OP ENTEBFEISB. All classes U.S. Reclamation Service U. S. Indian Service Carey Act enterprises >. Irrigation districts Cooperative enterprises Individual and partnership enterprises. Commercial enterprises PER CENT or TOTAL FOR ARID REGION. "«. Acreage irrigated in 1909. 100.0 2.9 1.3 2.1 3.8 33.8 45.5 10.6 Acreage enterprises were capable of irrigating in 1910. 100.0 4.1 1.9 5.6 4.1 32.0 39.6 12.5 Acreage included in projects. 100.0 6.3 2.8 8.3 5.1 28.4 32.6 16.6 Nearly one-half (45.5 per cent) of the acreage irri- gated in 1909 was served by individual and partnership enterprises, and about one-third (33.8 per cent) by cooperative enterprises, which are controlled by the water users. Irrigation districts, which served 3.8 per cent, are also controlled by the water users. Thus about 83 per cent of the acreage irrigated in 1909 received a water supply from works controlled by the water users. United States Reclamation Service and Carey Act enterprises, which irrigated 2.9 per cent and 2.1 per cent, respectively, of this total acreage, are to be turned over to the water users when the rights are paid for, and many of the commercial enter- prises are operating under a similar arrangement. Acreage irrigated, classified by source of water supply. — In Table 6 the acreage irrigated in the arid region in 1909 is classified according to the source of the water supply. "Where a supply is received from more than one source, the land is classified under the source from which the principal supply is derived. In the aggregate considerable areas are supphed with water from more than one source. Thus, in California, large areas receive water both by gravity diversion from streams and by pumping from weUs, while in Texas some of the newer canals on the Rio Grande receive water by gravity when the river is high and by pump- ing when the river is low. In both instances most of this land is classed with the acreage that received water by. gravity from streams. The only reservoirs which are treated as independent sources of supply are those filled by collecting storm water or from watercourses which are ordinarily dry. When reser- voirs are filled from streams or weUs, the primary source is considered the source of supply. Table 6 ACREAGE IRRIGATED IN 1909. Total. Supplied from— Total irrigated with pumped water. STATE. Streams. Wells. Reser- voirs. Lakes. ' Springs. By gravity. By pumpmg. Flowing. By pumpmg. By gravity. By pumping. Total 13,738,485 320,051 2,664,104 2,792,032 1,430,848 37,479 1,679,084 255,950 701,833 461,718 10,248 4,388 686,129 63,248 164,283 999,410 334,378 1,133,302 12, 763, 797 300,067 2, 216, 767 2,745,035 1, 383, 718 35,469 1,624,656 254,105 661,299 397,069 7,153 4,205 643,281 47,122 75,496 954,800 301,341 1,112,234 167,776 7,711 29,965 13, 248 18,685 20 7,963 18 463 1,633 1,614 60 3,685 640 59, 196 2,559 9,085 1,540 144,400 1,489 74,128 5,171 1,172 2 207 307,496 6,096 276,596 3,111 705 1,959 55 139 37 5,952 1 69 805 8 6,152 300 5,437 75 98,193 487 16, 410 16,091 732 2 22,614 1,002 138 1,272 1,280 20 3,279 13,635 6,203 668 299 14, 261 58,284 570 15,896 422 4,622 12,354 196,186 8,631 31,779 8,320 19,679 27 17,967 686 38,840 6,163 200 16 10,788 395 13,068 35,412 4,207 5,008 477,625 13,807 309, 134 2,574 634 1,635 16,993 Idaho 20,925 1,979 8,023 5,617 5 157 160 48,877 500 862 406 906 7,485 28 22,915 200 163 1,671 4,698 120 119 655 1,448 3,710 4,100 3,227 64 821 5,211 648 Texas i 295 65,643 2,859 20,606 6,084 > Exclusive of land irrigated for rice growing. More than nine-tenths (92.9 per cent) of the acreage u-rigated in 1909 was supplied with water by gravity diversion from streams, and, including cases where water was pumped, streams constituted the source of supply for 94.1 per cent of the total acreage irrigated. Wells supplied the next largest acreage, 3.3 per cent of the total, about one-third of this acreage being watered by flowing wells. Springs furnished the supply for 1.4 per cent of the total acreage irrigated, and reservoirs and lakes each for less than 1 per cent. Of the total acreage irrigated from wells, California contained 77.6 per cent, and New Mexico 12.1 per cent. In the case of the other sources of suppty the acreage irrigated was more generally distributed among the states. 426 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. IRRIGATION WORKS. Nnmber of enterprises and number and length of ditches. — Table 7 shows the number of irrigation enterprises, and the number and length of main and lateral ditches, respectively, reported in 1910. It should be borne in mind that some lateral ditches are much larger than some main ditches, and that the distinction is more or less arbitrary. Table 7 Num- ber of enter- prises. DITCHES. STATE. Number. Length (miles). Total. Main, ditches. Lat- erals. Total. Mam ditches. Lat- erals. Total 64,700 1,269 13,970 9,065 3,092 716 5,534 474 1,347 2,786 49 114 3,745 395 2,161 2,472 1,934 5,577 81,837 1,204 14,733 14,017 6,568 128 14,980 1,458 2,525 3,381 93 153 6,100 680 1,252 3,852 2,780 7,933 45,720 891 8,690 8,405 3,209 89 6,673 420 994 2,101 47 47 3,582 348 636 2,496 1,600 5,693 36,117 313 6,143 5,612 3,359 39 8,307 1,038 1,631 1,280 46 106 2,518 332 616 1,357 1,180 2,340 126,591 2,597 21,129 22,570 12, 759 316 18,934 2,728 3,151 5,864 126 86 7,691 1,256 1,663 7,709 3,892 13,231 87,529 1,727 12,620 17,664 7,662 274 12; 990 1,459 1,938 4,664 62 64 5,539 631 941 5,887 2,594 10,933 8,609 5,006 6,097 42 Colorado Idaho ".. KaT>sn»s Montana 5,944 1,269 1,213 1,190 74 31 Nebraska New Mexico North Dakota Oklahoma Oregon . . 2,052 625 South Dakota Utah 1,822 1,298 2,298 Washington Wvomlne ' Exclusive of enterprises supplying water for the irrigation of rice. Reservoirs. — -Table 8 gives, by states, the number and capacity of reservoirs used for irrigation iq 1910. The acre-foot, used to express capacity, is the quantity of water required to cover 1 acre to the depth of 1 foot, or 43,560 cubic feet. Most of these reservoirs are filled from streams during flood season and in the winter, the stored water being used in the late sum- mer on land which receives its earlier supply by gravity diversion from streams. Some, however, store storm water flowing in drainage channels which are ordinarily dry. Table 8 BESEKVOIES. STATE. Number. Capacity (acre-feet). Total 6,812 402 1,583 1,084 243 42 827 44 109 522 22 11 271 314 288 480 156 414 12,581,129 1,349,938 743,269 2,646,593 1,742,303 31,024 , 580,261 2,098 325,963 454,162 132,187 22 California TTansB,*; Nebraska New Mexico . . North Dakota Oklahoma 1,024,266 216 205 South Dakota ^ 72,051 688,317 Utah 121,643 2,560,937 Wyoming ' ExclusiTe of reservoirs supplying water for the irrigation of rice. Wells. — Table 9 shows the number and capacity of flowing and pumped wells used for irrigation in 1910. The capacities reported are estimates made by the owners, and are often not very accurate, as few well owners have faciUties for measuring the discharge of wells. In the case of pumped wells many of the state- ments of capacity are based on the estimated pump capacity, the capacity of the weUs themselves never having been tested. Table 9 WELLS. STATE. Flowing. Pumped. Num- ber. Capacity (gallons per minute). Num- ber. Capacity (gallons per minute). Total 6,070 214 2,361 313 62 3 15 1,345,596 9,953 477,343 41,989 7,200 30 22,185 11,658 470 10,724 121 24 939 10 66 6 466 1 65 92 4 1,412 27 128 3 6,426,139 765,921 4,119,675 Arizona Idaho 2,826 73,362 Nebraska . . 3,363 1,349 190,690 19 673 1,302 669,268 New Mexico North Dakota Oklahoma 1,791 20,883 24 Oregon 61 42 122 1,138 66 2 3,036 14,382 36,939 42,794 18,926 250 Texas ^ 121 631 Utah 41827 60,220 835 Washington Wvoniinf , . 1 Exclusive 91 wells supplying water for the irrigation of rice. Pumping plants. — Table 10 gives the number of pumping plants used for irrigation in 1910, with the capacities of power plants and pumps. The capacities are given as reported by the owners, and in most cases represent the rated capacities claimed by the manu- facturers of the apparatus, which are probably in ex- cess of the capacities obtained in use under ordinary field conditions. Table 10 Total.. Arizona California Colorado Idaho Kansas Montana Nebraska Nevada New Mexico.. North Dakota Oklahoma Oregon South Dakota, Texas i Utah Washington.. Wyoming PUMPING PLANTS. Number. 13,906 429 9,297 206 68 125 76 18 413 4 68 229 1,784 69 391 34 Capacity of power plants (horse- power). 243,435 37,258 128,143 7,969 7,065 1,517 3,611 140 693 14,226 2,038 107 3,095 63 20,915 2,143 13,847 705 Capacity of pumps (gallons per minute). 9,947,909 851,873 5,276,298 296,937 278,669 128,276 281,199 5,366 24,295 216,355 182,115 4,541 118,514 5,289 1,455,286 315,067 366,411 142,529 ' Exclusive of plants supplying water for the irrigation of rice. IRRIGATION AND IRRIGATED CROPS. 427 COST. Table 11 gives, by states, the total cost of irrigation ■enterprises in the arid region as reported at the Eler- •enth, Twelfth, and Thirteenth Censuses, and also the estimated final cost of enterprises which were either completed or under way on July 1, 1910, the date of the census of irrigation of 1910. Table 11 Total. Arizona... •California . ■Colorado . . Idaho Kansas Montana Nebraska -Nevada New Mexico., North Dakota.. Oklahoma •Oregon •South Dakota. . "Texas* Utah Washington.. Wyoming COST OF lEEIQATION ENTEEPEI3E3. 1910 Estimated final cost. $124, 281, 186 24,828,868 84,392,344 76,443,239 68,451,106 1,365,563 32,382,077 9,485,231 12,188,766 11,640,091 47,200 39,216,619 3,800,556 8,613,533 17,840,775 22,322,866 20,425,890 Cost to July 1. $307,866,369 17,677,966 72,580,030 66,636,443 40,977,688 1,365,563 22,970,958 7,798,310 6,721,924 9,154,897 836,482 47,200 12,760,214 3,043,140 7,346,708 14,028,717 16,219,149 17,700,980 1899 $66,962,275 4,438,352 19,181,610 11,758,703 5,120,399 529,765 4,683,073 1,310,698 1,537,559 4,165,312 16,980 21,872 1,843,771 284,747 705,608 5,866,302 1,525,369 3,973,165 18S9 $29, 611,.000 465,000 13,005,000 6,369,000 1,029,000 1,623,000 (») 1,251,000 512,000 m 826,000 m m 2,780,000 197,000 1,281,000 Increase. 1899-1910' Amount. Per cent. $240,904,094 13,239,614 63,398,420 44,877,740 36,867,289 835,808 18,287,885 6,487,612 5,184,365 4,989,686 819,502 25,328 10,916,443 2,758,393 6,641,100 8,163,415 14,693,780 13,727,815 369.8 298.3 278.4 381.7 700.3 167.8 390.5 495.0 337.2 119.8 4,826.3 115.8 592.1 968.7 941.2 139.2 963.3 345.6 1889-1899 Per cent. 126.1 854.5 47.5 84.6 397.6 ■188.5 22.9 713.5 123.2 111.0 674.3 210.2 1 Increase computed on the basis of the cost to July 1, 1910. 2 Includes $273,000 for Kansas, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota,"and Texas, which are not shown separately in the report of the census of 1890, these five states %elng grouped under the designation of "subhumid region.' ' Separate figures not available. * Exclusive of enterprises supplying water for the irrigation of rice. The cost of irrigation enterprises up to July 1, 1910, as reported at the Thirteenth Census, includes the cost •of construction, the cost of acquiring rights, and any added costs incident to construction, such as the purchase of land for rights of way, the building of ■structures for use in operation and maratenance, and ■engineering and legal expenses. For all of the larger enterprises the cost is that given by the owners, but it is probable that in many cases this is estimated rather than taken from actual accounts. For some of the smaller enterprises the cost was estimated by the special agents of the Census Bureau, and in the case of some schedules received by mail the cost has been ■estimated in the bureau on the basis of the average ■cost per acre for other enterprises of the same class in the same vicinity. Many of the smaller ditches were built a number of years ago by their owners without the expenditure of much, if any, money, and many of these have smce changed hands. In such cases the •cost given by the present owners is only a rough esti- mate. The data as to cost reported for 1899 and 1889 are probably somewhat less accurate than those for 1910. The figure for cost given in the Twelfth Census report is designated as the "cost of construction of ■systems operated m 1899." The figure for cost at the Eleventh Census is an estimate consisting of the sum of the amounts obtamed by multiplying the acreage irrigated by the average first cost per acre of obtaining water, or of water rights, as given by the urigators. Although not specifically stated in the reports for the previous censuses, it is probable that the figures there given include the same items represented in the figure for cost in 1910. The total cost of irrigation enterprises up to July 1, 1910, was reported as $307,866,369, which represents an increase of $240,904,094, or 359.8 per cent over the cost reported at the census of 1900. In no state in the arid region was' the increase in cost for this period less than 100 per cent, the highest percentage of increase being in North Dakota and the lowest in Oklahoma. With respect to absolute increase Cali- fornia ranked first, Colorado second, Idaho third, and Montana fourth. The year 1910 was in the midst of a period of great activity in the construction of irriga- tion works, and on July 1, 1910, a large number of works were incomplete. The "estimated final cost" reported, $424,281,186, is the sum of the cost up to July 1 and the estimated cost of completing these unfinished works. Average cost per acre.^Table 12 gives the average cost of irrigation enterprises per acre. The averages for 1889 and 1899 are, with one exception, for the acre- age actually irrigated in the respective years. These averages are probably considerably higher than if they had been calculated on the basis of the acreage the en- terprises were capable of irrigating. At the Thirteenth Census the average cost per acre has been computed by dividing the cost to July 1, 1910, by the acreage which enterprises were capable of irrigating in 1910. Aver- ages based on the acreage irrigated in 1909 and the cost 428 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. to July 1, 1910, are, however, also presented as a rough basis for comparison with the averages for the pre- vious censuses. In addition, averages based on the estimated final cost of enterprises and the acreage which their owners expect finally to be able to supply with water are given. These latter averages would represent most accurately the true cost of providing works to supply water for irrigation, were it not for a more or less general tendency to underestimate cost and overestimate the acreage it will be possible to serve. Table IZ Based on cost to Julyl, 1910, and acreage enter- prises were capable of irrigating in 1910. Total. Arizona. . . California. . Colorado... Idaho Kansas Montana Nebraska Nevada New Mexico.. North Dakota- Oklahoma Oregon South Dakota. Texas ^ Utah Washington - Wyoming..- AVEKAGE COST OF lEEIGATION ENTERPRISES PER ACRE. 1910 $15. 92 45.60 20.05 14.19 17.15 9.75 10.42 18.17 7.99 14.19 38.17 7.38 15.36 23.69 21.67 11.22 34.47 10.80 Based on cost to July 1, 1910, and acreage irrigated in 1909. $22. 41 55.23 27.24 20.29 28.64 36.44 13.68 30.47 9.58 19.83 81.62 10.76 18.60 48.11 44.72 14.04 48.51 15.62 Based on estimated final cost and acreage included in projects. $13. 64 26.30 15.37 12.92 16.47 8.47 9.21 13.95 9.89 10.56 21.91 5.53 15.52 18.85 11.43 9.16 27.32 9.18 1899 $8.91 23.94 13.27 7.30 13.79 22.43 4.92 8.82 3.05 20.43 3.49 7.93 4.75 6.52 17.23 9.32 112.08 6. 1889 $8.15 7.07 12.95 7.15 4.74 P) 4.63 m 7.68 5.68 « 10.56 4.03 3.62 1 Based on acreage under ditch in 1899. 2 Figures lor Kansas, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Texas are not shown separately in the report of the census of 1890, these five states being grouped under the desig ' ■■ "■■ hujnid region was $4.07. The average for the sub- grouped under the designation of "subhumid region.' " jnid region was $4.07. 3 Exclusive of land irrigated for rice growing. The average cost per acre based on the acreage irri- gated in 1909 was $22.41; that based on the acreage enterprises were capable of irrigating in 1910 was $15.92; and that based on the estimated total cost and the acreage included in projects was $13.64. Between 1889 and 1899 there was no marked increase ia the average cost of irrigation enterprises per acre of land irrigated, but in 1910 the average cost per acre was very much higher. The chief reason for this is the fact that, naturally, irrigation enterprises were first undertaken where water could be most easily secured and engiueering difficulties were least serious. The enterprises undertaken during more recent years have been of necessity on a much larger scale than those built formerly, and, in most cases, of a better and more per- manent type of construction Indeed, much of the cost incurred between 1899 and 1910 was for the im- provement of existiag works, especially by the addition of reservoirs, which did not provide water for new lands, but rather provided a better supply for land already irrigated. Average cost per acre, by type of enterprise. — Table 13 gives the average cost of irrigation enterprises per acre in 1910, computed in the three ways just shown,, for each class of enterprises. Table 13 CLASS OF ENTERPRISE. All classes U. S. Reclamation Service II. S. Indian Service Carey Act enterprises Irrigation districts Cooperative enterprises Individual and partnership enterprises. Commercial enterprises .tVERAGB COST OF IRRIGATION ENTERPRISES PEE ACRE. Based on cost to July 1,1910, and acreage en- terprises were capa- ble of irri- gating in , 1910. ! Based on cost to July 1,1910, and irrigated in 1909. $16.92 67.52 12.78 30.53 27.37 12.89 7.09 24.98 $22.41 134. 17 27.83 115.30 41.44 17.19 8.69 41.71 Based on estimated final cost and acre- age In- dnded In projects. $13. M 48.14 13.33 21.75 20.33 10.07 6.22^ 16.79' The highest average cost per acre on each basis is shown for the United States Reclamation Service en- terprises, and the next highest in each case for Carey Act enterprises. Irrigation districts ranked third and commercial enterprises fourth, except in one case where the order is reversed. These four classes comprise the large enterprises which are now en- gaged in developing new lands, and most of their work is of recent date. The works built by indi- viduals or cooperative enterprises, which are smaller and were for the most part built at an earlier period, naturally utilized the sources from which water could be most readily diverted and transported to the land to be irrigated. The larger works of recent date serve land farther from the streams and involve better, more expensive, and more permanent construction, and as a result the average cost per acre is higher than that for the small works. Average cost per acre, by size groups. — The average cost of irrigation works per acre for enterprises classi- fied by size is shown in Table 14. The classification is based on the acreage intended ultimately to be irrigated. It will be noted that in general the cost per acre irrigated increases with the size of enterprises. This condition is due at least in a considerable measure to the fact already noted that most of the larger enter- prises, which are mainly of recent date, have had to seek water more difficult to obtain than that secured by the smaller enterprises, and that they represent a better type of work. IRRIGATION AND IRRIGATED CROPS. 429 Table 14 Total. ENTERPEISES CONTAINIIfG — i than 25,000 acres. 25,000 to 50,000 acres. 60,000 to 75,000 acres. 75,000 to 100,000 100,000 acres and over. Number of enterprises Acreage; Irrigated in 1909 Bnterprises were capable of irrigating in 1910 Included in projects Cost: To July 1,1910 Estimated final Average cost per acre based on: Acreage irrigated in 1909 and cost to July 1, 1910 Acreageenterprises were capable of irrigating in 1910 and cost to July 1,1910 Aareage included in projects and estimated final cost 54,700 13,738,485 19,334,697 31, 111, 142 $307,866,369 $424,281,186 $22.41 $15.92 $13.64 54,548 11,396,874 14,789,465 20,632,614 $175,308,121 $307,068,121 $15.38 $11.85 $10.04 74 832,024 1,281,145 2,420,289 $23,411,977 $33,154,836 $28.14 $18. 27 $13.70 412,685 728,795 $19,524,778 $33,537,574 $47. 31 $26.79 $20.66 16 264,096 493,514 1,309,247 $14,420,824 121,368,421 $54.60 $29.22 $16. 32 31 2,041,778 5,125,644 $75,200,669 $129,152,234 $90.19 $36.83 $25.20 Operation and maintenance. — Table 15 gives the average cost per acre for the operation and mainte- nance of irrigation enterprises ia 1909. The inquiry as to this item was not extended to individual and partnership enterprises, for the reason that farmers owning their own ditches usually clean and repair them at odd times without keeping any record of the time or money expended. In the case of some enterprises of other classes, no reports were received. The sta- tistics for cost of operation reported at the two previous censuses, for various reasons, are not fairly comparable with those for 1909, and consequently are not shown ia the table. For the arid region as a whole, the average cost of operation and maintenance per acre irrigated was SI -07. The abnormal cost shown for North Dakota ($28.40) relates almost entirely to a single large project which supplied water ia 1909 to only a small part of the acreage which it is designed to serve. The lowest average is for Oklahoma (.10.51 per acre). Table 15 Acreage urri- gatedml909 by enterprises for which cost of opera- tion and maintenance was reported. KEPOETED COST OP OP- EEATION AND MAINTE- NANCE IN 1909. 8TA.TE. Amount. Average per acre for which cost was reiwrted. Total 6,379,965 ■ 230,429 1,368,247 1,401,670 883,698 34,265 394,507 209,023 88,976 278,439 1,610 1,969 263,855 25,514 109,697 689,994 176,197 221,875 $6,828,133 214,358 2,109,431 1,046,268 560,032 54,595 349,662 227,385 86,110 377,972 45,718 1,000 198,111 16,288 356,260 451,283 543,312 190,648 $1.07 0.93 California 1.54 Colorado 0.75 0.63 Kansas 1.59 0.89 Nebraska . . . 1.09 Nevada 0.97 1.36 North Dakota. 28. 48 0.51 Oregon 0.76 South Dakota. 0.61 Texas ^ 3.2S Utah . . . 0.65 3.08 0.86 1 Exclusive of enterprises supplying water for the Irrigation of rice. CROPS. The returns of crops grown on irrigated land, which were made by the regular enumerators of population and agriculture, are somewhat incomplete, for the reason that, owing to the late date at which the pro- visions of law regarding the irrigation census were passed, the enumerators could not be as carefully instracted regarding the special irrigation schedules as regarding the regular agricultural schedules. On many of the schedules the agricultural enumerators reported land as irrigated but failed to return sepa- rately the crops grown on such land. The total acre- age of crops reported as raised on irrigated land formed 52.7 per cent of the total acreage irrigated ia 1909; and while part of the remainder was doubtless in pasture, it is evident that part was in crops not reported as grown under irrigation and a part was probably in crops not harvested. Although the totals are thus incomplete, the returns are sufficiently accu- rate to afford reliable averages of yields and values and to show the relative importance of the various crops. Table 16 gives, by states, the total acreage and total value of crops reported as irrigated in 1909, with the average value per acre. Table 16 CEOPS mEIQATED IN 1909. STATE. Acreage. Value. Total. Average per acre. Total 7,211,561 171,302 1,196,767 1,650,356 772,684 22,118 909,342 137,211 366,079 230,034 3,273 2,806 368,911 38,438 58,227 579,744 160,483 583,786 $181,617,396 4,718,100 52,057,007 39,478,994 16,582,213 477,025 14,535,960 1,973,860 6,339,475 • 5,705,922 56,215 61,995 7,489,255 505,684 2,645,385 14,642,792 7,994,631 7,362,983 $26. 08 Arizona 27.54 California 43.50 23.92 Idaho 21.46 Knr.w 21.57 Montana 15.99 14.39 15.00 New Mexico. 24 80 North Dakota 17. IS 18.53 Oregon 20 30 South Dakota 13.16 Texas ^. 45 43 Utah 25.26 49.82 12 61 1 Exclusi ve of rice. The table shows for all crops reported as irrigated an average value per acre of $25.08. The highest average value per acre for crops raised on irrigated land is that for Washington, $49.82, which 430 ABSTRACT OF THE CEN'SUS— AGRICULTURE. is followed by that for Texas, $45.43 (exclusive of rice), and that for California, $43.50. Wyoming showed the lowest average value per acre, $12.61. As is to be expected, the average value per acre is highest in the states with large areas of fruits, vegetables, and other specialized crops raised by means of irrigation, while in those where forage crops and grains predomi- nate the average is lower. Fruit crops comprised about 12 per cent of the total acreage of irrigated crops ia Washiugton in 1909 and about 21 per cent of the total in California, and vegetables and other special crops about 21 per cent. of the total acreage of irri- gated crops in Texas, exclusive of rice. In Wyoming, on the other hand, more than 32 per cent of the total acreage of irrigated crops in 1909 was ia wild grass, and irrigated fruit crops were iasignificant. Table 17 shows the reported acreage and value of each important irrigated crop in the arid region as a whole, with the percentage of the total represented by each. Table 17 Total reported Alfalfa Wild, salt, or prairie grasses Oats Wheat Barley Orchard fruits and grapes , other tame or cultivated grasses Grains cut green Timothy alone Sugar beets Timothy and clover mixed Potatoes Com Tropical and subtropical fruits . All other CROPS niEIGATED IN 1909. Acreage. 7,241, 2,216, 1,530, 739, 548, 240, 236, 219, 209, 202, 183, 133, 99, 330, Per cent of total. 100.0 30.6 21.1 10.2 7.6 3.3 3.3 3.0 2.9 2.8 2.5 2.5 2.3 1.8 1.4 4.6 Value. Amount. $181, 617, 60,850, 11,734, 14,055, 12,826, 4,399, 18,245, 2,671, 2,992, 3,211, 10,611, 3,071, 10,086, 2,423: 15,344: 19,293: Per cent of total. 100.0 28.0 6.6 7.7 7.1 2.4 10.0 1.4 1.6 1.8 5.8 1.7 6.6 1.3 8.4 10.6 In acreage alfalfa ranked first, with 30.6 per cent of the total reported; "wild, salt, or prairie grasses" second, with 21.1 per cent; and oats third, with 10.2 per cent. Forage crops, taken together, occupied about 63 per cent of the total reported acreage, cereals about 23 per cent, .sugar beets 2.5 per cent, potatoes 2.3 per cent, fruit crops about 5 per cent, and the crops such as vegetables, root forage, cotton, buckwheat, and others (grouped under the head "all other") 4.6 per cent. In value also alfalfa was most important, represent- ing 28 per cent of the total amount reported; but orchard fruits and grapes ranked second in this respect among the crops shown separately and trop- ical fruits third, notwithstanding the relatively small acreages in these crops. Average yields per acre. — Table 18 shows for each of the leading crops grown on irrigated land the aver- age yield per acre in comparison with the average yield of the same crop on unirrigated land in the United States as a whole. Yields for fruit crops are not given because of the large variety of units in which these yields were expressed and because the general agricultural schedules do not show the acreage in these- crops. Table 18 Cereals: Com bushels . . Oats bushels. . Wheat bushels . . Barley bushels . . Hay and forage: Alfalfa tons.. Timothy alone tons. . Timothy and clover mixed tons. . other tame or cultivated grasses 2. tons. . Wild, salt, or prairie grasses tons. . Grains cut green tons . . Sundry crops: Potatoes bushels . . Sugar beets tons. . AVERAGE YIELD PER ACRE. On Irrigated land, arid region. 23.7 36.8 25.6 29.1 2.94 1.73 1.82 1.63 1.06 1.46 153.6 11.89 On unir- rigated land, entire United States. 25.9 28.5 15.3 22.3 2.14 1.22 1.26 1.05 1.07 1.23 103.8 9.73 EXCESS OF AVER- AGE TIELD ON. mBIGAIED LAMB- OVEBTHATOKUN- IBBIQATED LAND.l' Amount. Percent. -2.2 8.3 10.3 6.8 0.80 O.fil 0.66 0.48 -0.01 0.23 -8.5- 29.1 67.3- 30.S 37.4 41. S 44.4^ 45.7 -0.9.. 18.7 48. Oi 22.2- 1 A minus sign (— ) indicates that the yield on irrigated land Isless than that OB. uninigated land. *Cicludes mUlet or Hungarian grass. For each of the crops presented in the table except com and "wUd, salt, or prairie grasses," the average^ yield on irrigated land exceeds that on unirrigated land, the percentages of excess ranging from 18.7 for grains cut green to 67.3 per cent for wheat. As cli- matic conditions in the arid region are not favorable- to com, it is not grown to a large extent there. In. the case of "wild, salt, or prairie grasses" the averag©' yields on irrigated and unirrigated land are practically equal. A large part of the unirrigated wild grass, is cut on river bottom lands where the soil is likely to be wet, even without irrigation, and consequently a. difference in favor of irrigated land is not to be expected. A combined average for all the crops listed in Table 18, each being given a weight corresponding to its^ acreage, shows an excess yield of 28.6 per cent for the- crops grown on irrigated land over those grown on unirrigated land. It is, of course, obvious that this- difference in no way represents the advantage of irriga- tion over nonirrigation. In some sections where rain- fall is plentiful irrigation would add little to the yield,, but in arid sections often little or nothing can be raised without irrigation. Average values per acre, — The average values per acre of the leading irrigated crops reported for the- arid region are shown in Table 19 in comparison with averages for the same crops grown on unirrigated land for the United States as a whole, so far as acreage- figures are available for these. Among crops grown on irrigated land in 1909, tropical fruits led in average value per acre by a wide margin, orchard fruits and grapes ranking second. Potatoes followed the fruit crops, with an average- value of $60.03, and sugar beets were next of the IRRIGATION AND IRRIGATED CROPS. 431 crops shown separately, the average value being $57.29 per acre. Alfalfa, the most important irrigated crop, had an average value per acre of $22 .94 . In com- paring the average values per acre for different crops it should be borne in mind that the crops with higher average values often require more expensive methods of cultivation than those with lower average values. Table 19 Tropical and subtropical fruits Orchard fruits and grapes Potatoes Sugar beets Wheat Alfalfa Oats Barley Com Timothy and clover mixed Tunothy alone Grains cut green , Other tame or cultivated grasses '. . Wild, salt, or prairie grasses All other AVEKAGE VALUE PEK ACEE. On irrigated land, arid region. $154.32 77.18 60.03 57.29 23.40 22.94 19.00 18.32 18.13 16.76 15.84 14.29 11.70 7.67 68.43 Onunir- rigated land, entire United States. (') $44.66 51.90 14.75 16.97 11.64 11.81 14.62 13.13 12.76 14.26 10.36 6.06 (=■) EXCESS OP AVEE- AGE VALUE FOR IRKIGATED LAND OVER THAT FOR UNIREIGATED LAND. Amount. $16.37 6.39 8.65 5.97 7.36 6.61 3.51 3.63 3.08 0.03 1.36 2.61 Per cent. 34.4 10.4 58.6 35.2 63.2 65.1 24.0 27.6 24.1 0.2 13.0 51.6 1 Acreage not reported. 2 Includes millet or Hungarian grass. ' Comparable figure not available. Each of the crops shown in the table for which comparisons are made had a higher average value per acre for irrigated land than is shown for the same crop grown on unirrigated land for the United States. The excess in favor of the products raised on irrigated land, for the crops included in the com- parison, ranged from 0.2 per cent for grains cut green to 63.2 per cent for oats. The average excess for irri- gated crops for the crops for which comparative figures are given in the table, based on the total acreages and .total values, is about 43 per cent. It should be noted that the comparison just made does not include the crops with the highest average values per acre, such as fruits and vegetables. Comparison with preceding census. — ^According to the reports of the Twelfth Census the total acreage of irrigated crops in the arid and semiarid states was 5,932,557, while the acreage of such crops reported at the present census of irrigation was 7,241,561, which represents an increase of 22.1 per cent. The fact that this increase is much smaller than the increase in the acreage reported as irrigated (82.7 per cent) is a further indication that the crop reports of the census of irrigation for 1910 are incomplete. Because of this incompleteness, the crop figures of the two censuses are not compared directly, but in Table 20 the per- centage which the acreage in each irrigated crop formed of the total acreage reported in such crops is shown for the two censuses. Table 20 ACREAGE OP IREIGATED CROPS. CROP. 1909 1899 Acreage. Per cent of total. Acreage. Per cento! total. Total renorted 7,241,(61 2,216,628 1,630,669 739,632 648,173 240,117 219,701 209,363 183,467 168,014 133,673 99,431 6,054 946,639 100.0 30.6 21.1 10.2 7.6 3.3 3.0 2.9 2.6 2.3 1.8 1.4 0.1 13.1 6,932,657 1,617,888 997,438 332,365 775,991 172,228 306,298 200,639 9,074 90,991 149,799 87,071 7,096 1,285,679 100.0 Alfalfa 25.6 Wild salt or Drairie crassGs 16.8 Oats 5.6 Wlieat 13.1 2.9 Other tame or cultivated grasses i Grains cut greeu 5.2 3.4 0.2 1.5 2.6 Tropical and subtropical fruits 1.5 0.1 AU other 21.7 ' Includes millet or Hungarian grass. From Table 20 it appears that at both censuses aKalfa was the leading crop grown imder irrigation, but that it occupied a considerably larger proportion of the total acreage reported for irrigated crops in 1909 than in 1899. The crop next in importance in re- spect to acreage in both years was "wild, salt, or prairie grasses, " which likewise comprised a larger per- centage of the total in 1909 than in 1899. Oats was third in acreage in 1909, followed by wheat, while in 1899 wheat ranked third and oats fourth. Oats covered a much larger percentage of the total acreage of irrigated crops in 1909 than in 1899 and wheat a much smaller percentage iu the later than in the earher year. The most notable relative increase was for sugar beets, the growing of this crop in the irrigated region being largely a development of the last decade. Pota- toes also showed a marked increase in relative im- portance. Tropical and subtropical fruits occupied about the same place in the two censuses. From a comparison of Table 20 with Table 19, it will be seen that, with the exception of "wild, salt, or prairie grasses," the irrigated crops which are increasing in acreage most rapidly are all among the crops with relatively high values per acre. IRRIGATIOir FOR RICE GROWING. As previously stated, the special inquiry into irri- gation for rice growing was confined to the rice growing districts of Louisiana, Texas, and Arkansas. The data collected, except those relating to crops, are summarized in Table 21. The number of farms reporting irrigation for rice growing and the acreage irrigated, as reported at the census of 1910, cover the year 1909, while all other data for that census relate to the year 1910. The reports of the agricultural census of 1910 show that 95.5 per cent of the entire acreage of rice harvested in 1909 was in the three states included in the special irrigation inquiry, and that in all the other states a marked decrease occurred between 1899 and 1909 432 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. in, the acreage in rice. The figures given in the table for the census of 1910 represent, therefore, in a fairly adequate measure, the extent of irrigation for rice growing in the United States. The acreage reported on the special irrigation sched- ules as irrigated for rice growing in 1909 is greater than the total acreage of rice reported in that year on the agricultural schedules for the territory covered. This difference is due principally to the fact that the irriga- tion schedules show the total acreage watered, while the agricultural schedules show only the acreage harvested. A considerable acreage planted in rice in 1909 was not harvested because of poor stand, short- age of water, and damage by storms. Tabic 21 Number of farms reporting iirigation for rice growing Acreage irrigated for rice growing Acreage enterprises were capable of irrigating In 1910 Acreage included in projects Number of enterprises Total length of ditches miles.. I/engtti of main ditches . . . miles . . Length of lateral ditches, .miles. . Reservoirs: Number. Capacity acre-feet. . Flowing wells: Number Capacity gals, per min. . Pumped wells: Number Capacity gals, per min. . Pmnpmg plants: Ntunber Capacity of power plants, horse- power Capacity of pumps, gals. per min-. Cost of irrigation enterprises to July 1,1910 Average cost per acre i Estimated final cost of existing en- terprises Average cost per acre^ Total for specified 4,010 694,800 960,706 1,134,322 2,158 2,; 941 144 ?1,795 1,413 1,822,560 1,897 118,045 9,407,055 $13,587,639 S14.29 $13,667,639 S12.05 l/ouisiana. 2,690 380,200 653,220 681,966 1,237 1,168 729 439 104 19,482 606 1,108,236 1,007 67,426 5,064,173 J6, 869, 166 $12.40 $6,914,166 $11.88 Texas. 1, 286,847 360,360 499,474 611 1,040 638 602 21 2,310 1 80 500 446,495 675 48,179 3,907,380 $6,140,639 $17.53 $6,140,639 $12.29 Arkan- 232 27,763 47,136 52,883 310 131 131 19 3 307 268,829 315 12,440 436,402 $587,834 $12.47 $612,834 $11.69 1 Based on acreage enterprises were capable of irrigating in 1910. a Based on acreage included in projects. The total acreage irrigated for rice growing in the three states in 1909 was 694,800, of which 54.7 per cent was in Louisiana, 41 .3 per cent in Texas, and 4 per cent in Arkansas. The enterprises which were completed or under way in 1910 were reported as capable of irri- gating 950,706 acres in that year and of serving ulti- mately a total of 1,134,322 acres. The total, cost of irrigation enterprises to July 1, 1910, was $13,587,639, or an average of $14.29 per acre for the land to which they were capable of supplying water in 1910. Upon the basis of the acreage irrigated in 1909, the average cost per acre was $19.56. The estimated total cost of enterprises completed or under way in 1910 was $13,667,639, or $12.05 per acre for the land included in these enterprises. From these figures it appears that the works for supplying water for rice irrigation which were under construction in 1910 were relatively insignificant. In the report on irrigation for the Twelfth Census no information relating to the irrigation of rice in Arkan- sas is given, because the rice growing industry in that state was insignificant in 1900. In Table 22 comparisons are made for Louisiana and Texas for the few items that were reported at both censuses. The figures for the Twelfth Census relate to the year 1899. Table 22 Farms reporting irriga- tion for rice growing . . Acreage irrigated Enterprises . .".number. . Length of main ditches (miles) Cost of irrigation enter- prises Average cost per acre LOUISIANA. Census of— 1910 2, 380,200 1,237 729 $6,859,166 5 $12. 40 1900 4,531 201,685 $2,629,319 Per cent not calculated when base is less than 100. ' Not reported. < Estimated. » Based on cost to July 1, 1910, and acreage enterprises were capable of irrigat- ing in 1910. 5 Based on cost of systems operated in 1899, and acreage irrigated in that year. ' Figures not comparable. (See explanation in text.) In Louisiana considerable increases have taken place since the census of 1900 in all the items shown in the table except number of farms. The large de- crease in the number of farms reporting the irrigation of rice is probably due to the abandonment of rice growing on farms where only small acreages were planted, and an extension of the industry in sections where rice is grown on a larger scale. In Texas al- most the entire development has taken place since 1899. As the figures for average cost of irrigation enter- prises per acre at the two censuses are not computed on the same basis, they are not comparable. Although the crop, returns for irrigated rice are not complete, they are sufiiciently so to afford reliable averages of the yield and value per acre. These are shown in Table 23. Table 23 Louisiana Texas Arkansas. RICE GEOWN ON lEEIQATED LAND IN 1909. yield per acre (bushels). 34.6 38.7 46.9 Average value per $25.70 28.64 41.56 Continuous cropping in rice exhausts the soil, and the districts of Louisiana, where the land has been used for a longer time than in other sections, show the lowest average yield, while Arkansas, where the grow- ing of rice is of comparatively recent date, shows the highest average yield. MANUFACTURES Chapter 15.— STATISTICS FOR STATES, CITIES, AND INDUSTRIES 72497°— 13 28 (433) Chapter 15. STATISTICS OP MANUFACTURES FOR STATES, CITIES, AND INDUSTRIES. Introduction. — This chapter contains a summary of the statistics of manufactures for the United States for the calendar year 1909, as shown by the Thirteenth Census. The principal facts derived from the census inquiry are presented in four general tables at the end of the chapter, the first giving statistics for individual indus- tries, the second for states and territories, the third for each of the 25 leading manufacturing cities, and the fourth for each city of 10,000 or more inhabitants. Table 110 gives for each industry in 1909, 1904, and 1899 the number of establishments; number of per- sons engaged in the industry during the year, classified as proprietors and firm members, salaried employees, and wage earners; primary power; capital; salaries; wages;' cost of materials; value of products; value added by manufacture; and the percentage of increase in average number of wage earners and in value of products, from census to census. The industries are arranged alphabetically. Table 111 gives similar statistics for the different states and territories, arranged geographically. Table 112 gives for each of the 25 leading manu- facturing cities the same items given in Tables 110 and 111; the cities are arranged according to the value of their manufactured products. Table 113 gives, for each city of 10,000 or more inhabitants, the number of establishments, the average number of wage earners, the value of products, and the value added by manufacture for 1909, 1904, and 1899. The cities are arranged alphabetically by states. In addition to these general tables there are inter- spersed in the text discussion a series of special text tables analyzing certain of the data contained in the general tables. Some of these special text tables pre- sent figures only for all industries combined in conti- nental United States as a whole; others give statistics for the principal industries separately; and still others give figures for states and territories. Scope of census : Factory industries. — Census statistics of manu- factures are compiled primarily' for the p\uT)ose of showing the absolute and relative magnitude of the different branches of industry covered and their growth or decline. Incidentally, the effort is made to present data throwing light upon character of organization, location of establishments, size of establishments, labor force, and similar subjects. When use is made of the data for these purposes it is imperative that due attention should be given to the limitations of the figures. Particularly is this true when the attempt is made to derive from them figures purporting to show •average wages, cost of production, or profits. The census of 1909, like that of 1904, was confined to manufac- turiiig establishments conducted under the factory system, as distinguished from the neighborhood, hand, and building indus- tries. Where statistics for 1899 are given they have been reduced to a comparable basis by eliminating, as far as possible, the latter classes of industries. The census does not include establishments which were idle during the entire year, or had a value of products of less than $500, or the manufacturing done in educational, elee- mosynary, and penal institutions, or in governmental establish- ments, except those of the Federal Government. Period covered. — ^The returns cover the calendar year 1909, or the business year which corresponds most nearly to that calendar year. The statistics cover a year's operations, except for estab- lishments which began or discontinued business during the year. The establishment. — Asa rule, the term "establishment" rep- resents a separated plant or mill. In some cases it represents two or more plants operated under a common ownership or for which one set of books of account is kept. If the plants constituting an establishment as thus defined were not all located within the same city or state, separate reports were seemed in order that the separate totals might be included in the statistics for each city or state. In some instances separate reports were secured for different industries carried on in the same establishment. Classification by industries. — The establishments were assigned to the several classes of industries according to their products of chief value. The value of products reported for a given industry may thus, on the one hand, include minor products very different from those covered by the class designation, and, on the<)ther hand, may not include the total product covered by this designation, because some part of this product may be made in establishments in which it is not the product of chief value. The number of industries for which a separate presentation is made is 264, a much smaller number than in the reports for the cen- sus of 1904, in which 539 industries were shown separately. This decrease is due to the fact that an attempt to make a separate presentation would in the case of many industries be misleading, inasmuch as a large part of the product of the class described by the industry designation is made, not by establishments engaged primarily in manufacturing that class of commodities, but by establishments whose principal product is such as to necessitate their classification elsewhere. In order to avoid this difficulty it is 'necessary in many cases to combine a number of closely related industries under a more general designation. This condition is constantly becoming more conspicuous in j;he manufacturing business of the country, and consequently the number of industries which can properly be shown separately is smaller at this census than at previous censuses. Owing to changes in industrial conditions, moreover, it is not always possible to classify establishments by industries in such a way as to permit accurate comparison with preceding censuses, and for some of the industries covered by Table 110, therefore, compara- tive statistics for earlier censuses are necessarily omitted. (435) 436 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— MANUFACTURES. VALUE OF PEODUCTS, BY INDUSTEIES: 1909 AND 1899. MILLIONS OF DOLLARS 600 760 • 000 MEAT PACKING FOUNDRY AND MACHINE SHOPS LUMBER STEEL ROLLINQ MILLS FLOUR MILLS PRINTING AND PUBLISHINQ COTTON GOODS ^ CLOTHING, MEN'S BOOTS AND SHOES WOOLEN GOODS TOBACCO RAILROAD SHOPS BAKERIES BLAST FURNACES CLOTHING, WOMEN'S COPPER SMELTING LIQUORS, MALT LEATHER SUGAR AND MOLASSES BUTTER AND CHEESE PAPER AND PULP AUTOMOBILES FURNITURE PETROLEUM, REFINING ELECTRICAL APPARATUS LIQUORS, DISTILLED KNIT GOODS « COPPER, TIN, AND SHEET IRON ' SILK GOODS LEAD SMELTING AND REFINING GAS, ILLUMLANO HEATING CARRIAGES AND WAGONS CANNING AND PRESERVING BRASS AND BRONZE OIL, COTTONSEED, AND CAKE AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS PATENT MEDICINES CONFECTIONERY PAINT AND VARNISH CARS, STEAM-RAIlROAD CHEMICALS MARBLE AND STONE LEATHER GOODS ^^ '//////Wwrni v///////////>fm//////////MY/,/^^^^^ w/////Miy///////m'Miy/////y/////y^^^ STATES, CITIES, AND INDUSTRIES. 437 GENERAL SUMMARY. Continental United States and noncontiguous terri- tory: 1909.— The following table gives for 1909 the more important figures for the manufactures of conti- nental United States and for Alaska, Hawaii, and Porto Rico. The table does not cover possessions of the United States other than those mentioned. The sta- tistics of manufactures included in the census of the Philippine Islands taken by the War Department for 1902 are not comparable with those shown in the re- ports for continental United States; and there has been no census of manufactures in Guam, Samoa, oi the Canal Zone. The statistics for Alaska, Hawaii, and Porto Rico include some small establishments of the nature of hand or neighborhood industries, such as are omitted from the canvass for continental United States. Table 1 Number of establishments Persons engaged in manufactures Proprietors and firm members Salaried employees Wage earners (average number) Primary horsepower Capital Expenses Services Salaries Wa^es Materials Miscellaneous Value of products Value added by manufacture (value of products less cost of materials) NXJMBEB OK AMOUNT. Total. 18, $18, 490, 18, 526, 4, 375, 940, 3, 434, 12, 195, 1, 955, 20, 767, 270, 082 707, 751 275, 952 792, 168 639, 931 755, 286 749, 000 436, 000 634, 000 900, 000 734, 000 019, 000 783, 000 546, 000 8, 572, 527, 000 Continental United States. 6, 18, $18,428, 18, 454, 4, 365, 938, 3,427, 12, 142, 1, 945, 20, 672, 268, 491 678, 578 273, 265 790, 267 615, 046 675, 376 270, 000 090, 000 613, 000 575, 000 038, 000 791, 000 686, 000 052, 000 8, 529, 261, 000 Alaska. 152 3,479 135 245 3,099 3 975 $13, 060| 000 9, 454, 000 2, 328, 000 380,000 1, 948, 000 5, 120, 000 2, 006, 000 11, 340, 000 6, 220, 000 Hawaii. 500 7,572 1,074 594 5,904 41, 930 $23, 875, 000 31, 753, 000 2, 795, 000 686, 000 2, 109, 000 25, 629, 000 3, 329, 000 47, 404, 000 21, 775, 000 Porto Eico. 939 18, 122 1,478 1,062 15, 582 34, 005 $25, 544, 000 31, 139, 000 4, 898, 000 1, 259, 000 3, 639, 000 21, 479, 000 4, 762, 000 36, 750, 000 15, 271, 000 The total value of manufactures in the area covered by this table for 1909 was $20,767,546,000, of which 99.5 per cent was contributed by continental United States, the manufactures of Alaska, Hawaii, and Porto Rico being comparatively unimportant. The most important industry in Alaska is the canning and pre- serving of fish; in Hawaii, the manufacture of sugar; and in Porto Rico, the manufacture of sugar and of tobacco products. The above table is the only one in this report in which the statistics for the noncontiguous territories are included, all the other tables relating exclusively to continental United States. Explanation of terms. — With reference to some of the items contained in the above and following tables certain explanations are necessary: Persons engaged in manufacturing industries. — The statistics of the number of proprietors and firm members and the number of sal- aried employees are based on the returns for a single representa- tive day only. In the case of wage earners a report was obtained of the number employed on the 15th of each month, and from these returns the average number employed during the year has been calculated by dividing the sum of the numbers reported for the several months by 12. (See also p. 452.) Capital. — For reasons stated in reports of prior censuses the statis- tics of capital secured by the census canvass are so defective as to be of little value, except as indicating very general conditions. The instructions on the schedule for securing capital were as follows: The answer should show the total amount of capital, both owned and borrowed, on the last day of the business year reported. All the items of fixed and live capital may be taken at the amounts carried on the books. If land or buildings are rented, that fact should be stated and no value given. If a part of the land or build- ings is owned, the remainder being rented, that fact should be so stated and only the value of the owned property given. Do not include securities and loans representing investments in other enterprises. Materials. — The statistics as to cost of materials relate to the mate- rials used during the year, which may be more or less than the materials purchased during the year. The term "materials" in- cludes fuel, rent of power and heat, mill supplies, and containers, as well as materials forming a constituent part of the product. Under the head of "fuel" is included all fuel used, whether for heat, light, or power, or for the process of manufactxire. Expenses. — Under "Expenses" are included all items of expense incident to the year's business, except interest, whether on bonds or other forms of indebtedness, and allowances for depreciation. Value of products. — ^The amounts given under this head represent the selling value at the factory of all products manufactured during the year, which may differ from the value of the products sold. Amoimts received for work on materials furnished by others are included. Cost of manufacture and profits. — Census data do not show the entire cost of manufacture, and consequently can not be used to show profits. No account has been taken of interest and depre- ciation. Even if the amount of profit could be determined by deducting the expenses from the value of the products the rate of profit on the investment could not properly be calculated, because of the very defective character of the returns regarding capital. Primary horsepower. — ^This item represents the total primary power generated by the manufacturii^ establishmente plus the amount of power, principally electric, rented by them from other concerns. It does not cover the electric power developed by the primary power of the establishments themselves, the inclusion of which would evidently result in duplication. 438 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— MANUFACTURES. General comparison for the United States: 1909, 1904, and 1899. — The following table gives the prin- cipal items of information covered by census inquiries relative to manufactures in continental United States for 1909, 1904, and 1899, together with the percentages of increase from census to census: Table 2, NUMBEE OE AMOUNT. 1909 1904 1S99 PER CENT OF INCBEASE. 1904-1909 1899-1904 Number of esfablishmentB Persons engaged in manufactures Proprietors and firm members Salaried employees Wage earners (average number) Primary horsepower Capital. Expenses Services Salaries Wages Materials Miscellaneous Value of products Value added by manufacture (value of prod- ucts less cost of materials) 7, 18, $18, 428, 18, 454, 4, 365, 938, 3,427, 12, 142, 1, 945, 20, 672, 268, 491 678, 578 273, 265 790, 267 615, 046 675, 376 270, 000 090, 000 613, 000 575, 000 038, 000 791, 000 686, 000 052, 000 8, 529, 261, 000 216, 180 6, 213, 612 225, 673 519, 556 5, 468, 383 13, 487, 707 $12, 675, 581, 000 13, 138, 260, 000 3, 184, 884, 000 574, 439, 000 2, 610, 445, 000 8, 500, 208, 000 1, 453, 168, 000 14, 793, 903, 000 6, 293, 695, 000 207, 514 ?! 4, 10, $8, 975, 9, 870, 2, 389, 380, 2,008, 6, 575, 905, 11, 406, 364, 120 712, 763 097, 893 256, 000 425, 000 132, 000 771, 000 361, 000 851, 000 442, 000 927, 000 4, 831, 076, 000 24.2 23.6 21.1 52.1 21.0 38.5 45.4 40.5 37.1 63.4 31.3 42.9 33.9 39.7 85.5 4.2 42.7 16.0 33.6 41.2 33.1 33.3 50.9 30.0 29.3 60.5 29.7 30.3 ' Figures not available. In 1909 the United States had 268,491 manufactur- ing establishments, which gave employment during the year to an average of 7,678,578 persons, of whom 6,615,046 were wage earners. These manufacturing establishments paid $4,365,613,000 in salaries and wages, and turned out products to the value of $20,672,052,000, to produce which materials costing $12,142,791,000 were consumed. The value added by manufacture, namely, the difference between the cost of materials and the total value of products, was $8,529,261,000. This %ure best represents the net ■wealth created by manufacturing operations, because the gross value of products includes the cost of the materials used, which are either the products of non- manufacturing industries, such as agriculture, for- estry, fisheries, and mining, or else are themselves the product of manufacturing establishments. The value of products derived from this latter class of materials involves a duplication, inasmuch as the value of these materials has already figured in the value of products reported for the establishments manufac- turing them in the first instance; in some cases, indeed, where a given product has passed through several distinct stages of manufacture in different establish- ments before reaching its final form, this duplication may be repeated several times. All such duplica- tions, as well as the original value of materials, are, however, eliminated in the figures for value added by manufacture. This value covers salaries and wages — which represent over one-half of the total — overhead charges, depreciation, interest, taxes, and other ex- penses attendant upon the manufacturing operations, as well as the profits of the undertaking. Table 2 shows that the manufacturing industries of the United States as a whole experienced a more rapid growth during the five-year period 1904-1909 than during the period 1899-1904, although in both periods the progress was very marked. During the first five years of the decade the average number of wage earners increased 16 per cent; during the sec- ond five years, 21 per cent. The value of products increased 29.7 per cent during the first period and 39.7 per cent during the second period. The rate of in- crease in the value added by manufacture shows less difference between the two periods, being 30.3 per cent during the first five years and 35.5 per cent during the second five years. In this connection it may be noted that there was a greater rate of increase in the cost of materials during the second period than during the first. During the 10 years from 1899 to 1909 the number of establishments increased 29.4 per cent; the capital employed, 105.3 per cent; the average number of wage earners, 40.4 per cent; the amount of primary power, 84.9 per cent; the value of materials con- sumed, 84.7 per cent; the value of products, 81.2 per cent; and the value added by manufacture, 76.6 per cent. The gross value of products in 1909 exceeded that in 1899 by more than $9,000,000,000, and the value added by manufacture in 1909 was, in round numbers, $3,700,000,000 more than in 1899. It would be improper to infer that manufactures increased in volume during either of the five-year periods covered by the table to the full extent indi- cated by the increase in value of materials consumed or in the value of products, since the increase shown in these items is certainly due in part to the increase that has taken place in the price of commodities. It may be presumed that the quantity of products increased somewhat more rapidly than the number of wage earners; this might be expected from the fact that the amount of primary power increased much faster than the number of wage earners ; in STATES, CITIES, AND INDUSTRIES. 439 other words, each wage earner, on the average, had greater assistance from mechanical power in 1909 than in 1904 or 1899. It is a matter of interest to note that during both of the five-year periods the wages paid showed a higher percentage of increase than the average number of wage earners, thus indicating an increase in the aver- age wages. Comparison with earlier censuses. — In 1810 the Sec- retary of the Treasury made a report on the condition of manufactures in the United States and estimated that the value of products for 1809 exceeded $120,000,000. An estimate based on the returns of the census of 1810 placed the value of the annual product at $198,613,471. Further efforts to secure statistics of manufactures were made in 1820 and 1840, but the results were more or less unsatisfactory. In 1830 no such attempt was made. The census of 1850 was the first to present fairly complete statistics for manufac- tures. Each census from that time to 1890 was based in part on returns for the preceding calendar year and in part on returns for other 12-month periods, mainly ending during the census year itself. The last three censuses cover principally returns for the preceding calendar year or for 12-month periods ending within that year. In general, in this report the statistics for all censuses are referred to by the year preceding that in which the census was taken. The statistics of manufactures secured at the de- cennial censuses from 1850 to 1900, inclusive, covered the neighborhood, hand, and building industries, as well as the factory industries, while the reports for 1904 and 1909 were confined to factory industries. The statistics for 1899 obtained at the decennial cen- sus of 1900, although originally taken on the broader basis, have, for the purpose of comparison with later censuses, been reduced to the factory basis by elimi- nating as fdr as possible the neighborhood, hand, and building trades, but no such ehmination is possible with respect to the earfier censuses. For this reason the statistics for years prior to 1899 are not entirely comparable with those for 1904 and 1909. Never- theless, for the purpose of showing in a rough way the movement during, each decade since 1850, the following summary table is presented. Two sets of figures are given in this table for 1899, the one includ- ing the neighborhood, hand, and building trades, in order to make the data comparable with those for pre- ceding censuses, and the other excluding them in order to make the figures comparable with those for later censuses. The values and wages for 1869 have been reduced to a gold basis, inasmuch as the figures as reported would, because of the inflation of the currency at that time, exaggerate the increase from 1859 to 1869, and understate the increase from 1869 to 1879. Table 3 Number of estab- lish- ments. Capital. earners (average number). Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Value added by manufacture. Pactoites and hand and neighborhood industries: 1849 (census of 1850) 1859 (census of I860) Per cent of increase, 1849 to 1859 1869 (census ol 1870) (gold value) Per cent of increase, 1859 to 1869 1879 (census of 1880) Per cent of increase, 1869 to 1879 1889 (census of 1890) Per cent of increase, 1879 to 1889 1899 (census of 1900) Per cent of increase, 1889 to 1899 Factories, excluding hand and neighborhood Industries; 1899 (census of 1900) 1904 (census of 1905) Per cent of increase, 1899 to 1904 1909 (census of 1910) Per cent of increase, 1904 to 1909 Per cent of increase, 1899 to 1909 123, 025 140, 433 14.1 252, 148 79.6 253, 852 0.7 355,405 40.0 512, 191 44.1 207,514 216, 180 4.2 268,491 24.2 29.4 $533,246,000 1,009,856,000 89.4 1,694,567,000 67.8 2,790,273,000 64.7 6,525,051,000 133.8 9,813,834,000 50.4 8,975,256,000 12,675,581,000 41.2 18,428,270,000 45.4 105.3 967,059 1,311,246 37.0 2, 053, 996 56.6 2,732,595 33.0 4, 251, 535 55.6 5, 306, 143 24.8 4,712,763 5,468,383 16.0 6,615,046 21.0 40.4 S236, 765, 000 378,879,000 60.0 620,467,000 63.8 9^,954,000 52.8 1,891,210,000 99.5 2,320,938,000 22.7 2,008,361,000 2,610,446.000 30.0 3,427,038,000 31.3 70.6 $566,124,000 1,031,605,000 1,990,742,000 93.0 3,396,824,000 90.6 5,162,014,000 52.0 7,343,628,000 42.3 6,675,851,000 8,500,208,000 29.3 12,142,791,000 42.9 84.7 $1,019,107,000 1,885,862,000 85.0 3,386,860,000 79.5 6,369,579,000 74.5 9,372,379,000 74.5 13,000,149,000 38.7 11,406,927,000 14,793,903,000 29.7 20,672,052,000 39.7 81.2 $463,983,000 854,267,000 84.1 1,396,118,000 63.3 1,972,765,000 41.4 4,210,365,000 113.4 5,656,621,000 34.3 4,831,076,000 6,293,695,000 30.3 8,629,261,000 35.6 76.6 This table shows that, although the returns for 1849 included neighborhood, hand, and building trades and those for 1909 did not, nevertheless the value of prod- ucts in the latter year was over twenty times as great as the value reported 60 years before. During the same time the number of wage earners employed increased almost sixfold. As judged by the number of wage earners, the decade showing the greatest percentage of increase was that from 1859 to 1869, during which the average number of wage earners increased 56.6 per cent. The decade 1879 to 1889 also showed an exceptionally high percentage of increase in this respect, while the next largest per- centage of increase occurred during the decade from 1899 to 1909. As respects value of products, the per- centage of increase during the past decade exceeds that in any other except the decade from 1849 to 1859 ; but in value added by manufacture, the percentage of increase dining the past 10 years falls below that from 1879 to 1889, as well as that from 1849 to 1859. The absolute increases shown for the various items covered by the table during the decade 1899 to 1909 440 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— MANUFACTURES. were much greater than durmg any other decade; the increase in value of products, in fact, ahnost equaled the total value of all manufactured products in 1889. Leading industries. — The relative importance of the leading manufacturing industries in the United States in 1909 and their growth from 1899 to 1909 are shown in Table 4, which includes the industries hav- ing a gross value of products in 1909 of $100,000,000 or more. The industries are arranged in the order of the value of products. The table also shows the rank of the industries listed, not only with respect to value of products, but with respect to number of wage earners employed and value added by manufacture, and the percentage of the total of each of these items for all industries combined which is represented by each specified industry. While the column of rank under "Value of products" represents correctly the order of the industries named among all the industries of the country, the ranking shown with reference to number of wage earners and value added by manufac- ture relates only to the relative order of the industries covered by this particular table. There are various industries not named which rank higher in these respects than some of the industries listed in the table. The number of wage earners and the value added by manufacture are, at least from certain standpoints, a better measure of the relative importance of manufac- turing industries than the gross value of products. In some industries the value of the materials used consti- tutes by far the larger part of the total value of products, the manufacturing process involving the addition of only a small amount of labor cost and other expenses and of manufacturer's profit to the cost of the materials. Moreover, in some of the industries there is a much greater dupHcation in the gross value of products than in others. This duplication, of course, does not appear in the value added by manufacttu-e. In considering the ranking of the industries in Table 4, it should be borne in mind that some of the industries specified are in a sense groups of in- dustries rather than single industries. As stated in the Introduction, in certain cases, in order to avoid a misleading understatement of the importance of the production of a given minor class of commodities, the returns for establishments making these commodities as their sole or principal product have had to be com- bined with those of establishments in larger indus- tries which produce primarily other commodities, but which incidentally make a large part of the distinctive products in question. In a few instances where a similar condition exists, however, it was deemed best not to make such a combination of industries. As also stated in the Introduction, the report for each estab- lishment, as a whole, has been assigned to a given class of industry according to its products of chief value, so that the figures for any given class must not be taken either as fully covering or as represent- ing exclusively the operations of that branch of man- ufacturing indicated by the industry designation. The following explanations show the scope of those classifications in the table which are not on their face entirely clear: Slaughtering and meat packing. — ^This classification includes the wholesale slaughtering and meat-pack- ing establishments and those engaged in the manu- facture of sausage, but not the numerous retail butcher shops which in the aggregate slaughter a large number of animals. It includes the manufacture of many by-products, some, of which are carried to a high degree of elaboration. Foundry and machine'SJiop products. — This industry includes all allied industries excepting those which manufacture a distinctive product indicated by some other classification, such as cash registers, calculating machines, sewing machines, and electrical machinery. The establishments engaged in the manufacture of bells, gas machines and gas and water meters, hard- ware, plumbers' supplies, saddlery hardware, steam fittings, structural ironwork, and cast-iron and cast- steel pipe, some of which were reported under separate classifications at previous censuses, are all included under this general heading. Lumber and timber products. — This industry em- braces logging operations, ordinary sawmUls, planing mills, and establishments engaged in the manufacture of wooden "packing boxes. It does not include sta- tistics of mills engaged exclusively in custom sawing for local consumption. Iron and steel, steel worTcs and roUing waUs. — This industry embraces the manufacture of steel and the hot rolling of iron and steel. It also includes the mak- ing of forgings and castings and the manufacture of rolled iron and steel into more highly finished forms when conducted as a part of the rolling-mill operations, as well as the few extant forges and bloomeries. It does not, however, include the making of cold-rolled products, nor of forgings, castings, and manufactures of iron and steel by establishments not equipped with steel-making furnaces or hot trains of rolls. Flour-miU and gristmill products. — This classificar tion includes statistics for all mills grinding wheat, rye, or buckwheat flour, or corn meal, hominy, grits, or feed, but it does not include statistics for mills doing custom grinding exclusively, or for factories making fancy cereal food or other special food preparations as a chief product. Printing and publishing. — This classification in- cludes job-printing establishments, the printing and publishing of books, newspapers and periodicals, and music, bookbinding, steel engraving, and litho- graphing. Cotton goods, including cotton small wares. — In addi- tion to the statistics for cotton mills proper, there are included under this head the statistics for establish- ments that make a specialty of small wares, such as STATES, CITIES, AND INDUSTRIES. 441 braids, tapes, bindings, corset and shoe laces, and the like. Clothing, men's, including shirts. — This classification mcludes the making of men's and boys' ready-made clothing; the making of overalls, butchers' aprons, bathing suits, and gymnasium clothing; and the manu- facture of all kinds of shirts — cotton, linen, flannel, etc. — as Well as shirt bosoms and shirt waists for men and boys. Boots and shoes, including cut stock and findings. — Under this head are iucluded not only factories making the finished product, but those doing the whole or part of the work on materials furnished by others, as well as shops doing stitching, crimping, fitting, and bottoming, or performing other special operations. The manufacture of footwear not coming strictly under the head of boots and shoes, such as overgaiters, moccasins, and leggings, is also covered by this desig- nation. It does not include the manufacture of rub- ber boots and shoes. Clothing, women's. — Besides the making of suits, dresses, skirts, and shirt waists, this industry includes the manufacture of women's .underwear and night robes, of infants' clothing, and of such articles as aprons, linings, belts, dress shields, and hose sup- porters. Sugar and molasses, not including heet sugar. — Under this classification are included the manufacture of sugar and of some by-products of the sugar indus- try, such as molasses and sirup, and also the opera- tions of sugar refineries, together with the manufacture of maple sugar. It does not, however, include the small plantation or custom sugar mills. Furniture and refrigerators. — This industry embraces the manufacture of wood and metal furniture of all kinds, store' and ofBce fixtures, and refrigerators and ice boxes, except where such products are provided for by a distinct classification, such as show cases. Copper, tin, and sheet-iron products. — This classifica- tion comprises the manufacture of sheet-metal prod- ucts of copper, tin, and iron, including the prepa- ration of copper, tin, or sheet-iron material for build- ing construction. It includes the factory work on cornices, skylights, roofing, etc., but does not include the erection or installation of the same. Canning and preserving. — This industry includes the canning and preserving of fruits and vegetables, fish, oysters, clams, etc., and the manufacture of pickles, preserves, jellies, sauces, etc. It includes the prepara- tion of pickled, smoked, and dried fish, and the packing of dried fruits by packing houses which make a spe- cialty of such business, but does not include the drying and packing of fruits by the grower on the farm, nor does it include the canning of meats, soups, and similar products in meat-packing establishments, the statistics for which are included with those for the slaughtering and meat-packing industry. Patent medicines and compounds and druggists' preparations. — Under this head are included establish- ments making so-called patent medicines, and also some compounds that are not used for medicinal pur- poses, and the manufacture of capsules, extracts, tinctures, and other pharmaceutical preparations, to- gether with perfumery and cosmetics. Chemicals. — This classification includes establish- ments engaged primarily in the manufacture of acids, sodas, potashes, alums, coal-tar products, cyanides, bleaching materials, plastics, compressed or liquefied gases, alkaloids, gold, silver, and platinum salts, chloroform, ether, and other fine chemicals, glycerin, epsom salts, copperas, blue vitriol, and other bases and salts, when they are made as a chief product by the establishment reporting. Chemical substances pro- duced by the aid of electricity are presented in a group by themselves. Chemicals of the class above specified are frequently manufactured as by-products by establishments classified in the census reports under a different head, for example, by establishments making patent medicines and compounds and druggists' prepa- rations, soap, fertilizers, baking powders, and flavoring extracts; by refiners of coal tar for use as roofing ma- terial; by smelters and refiners of lead and zinc; and by establishments engaged in the manufacture of sul- phuric, nitric, and mixed acids and of explosives, in wood distillation, and in making tin and teme plate. It will be seen from Table 4 that some of the indus- tries that hold a very high rank in gross value of prod- ucts rank comparatively low in the number of wage earners employed and in the value added by manu- facture. Where this is the case it indicates that the cost of materials represents a large proportion of the total value of products, and that therefore the value added by manufacture, of which wages constitute usually the largest item, is not commensurate with the total value of products. Thus the slaughtering and meat-packing industry, which ranks first in gross value of products, and the flour-miU and gristmill in- dustry, which ranks fifth in that respect, both hold a comparatively low rank with regard to number of wage earners and value added by manufacture. The blast-furnace industry, the smelting and refining of copper, the manufacture and refining of sugar and mo- lasses, the manufacture of butter, cheese, and con- densed milk, the refining of petroleum, and the smelt- ing and refining of lead are other industries which rank much higher in gross value of products than in the number pf wage earners or the value added by manufacture. There are several industries the rank of which according to the number of wage earners and the value added by manufacture is decidedly higher than the rank according to value of products; in other words, the cost of materials is relatively a smaller part of the total value of products for these industries than for 442 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— MANUFACTURES. most others. Among the industries of this class are the making of women's clothing, the manufacture of automobiles, furniture, electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies, hosiery and knit goods, silk goods, and agricultural implements, and the confectionery and marble and stone work industries. The foundry and machine-shop industry, the lum- ber industry, the steel works and rolling mills, the printing and pubUshing industry, the manufacture of cotton goods, of men's clothing, and of boots and shoes all rank among the first 10 industries in the table on each of the three bases shown in the table. The in- ures for both value of products and value added by manufacture in the case of the brewery and distillery industries include a very lai^e amount of tax paid to the Federal Government, and are therefore misleading as an indication of the relative importance of these industries from a purely manufacturing standpoint. That importance is best shown by their ranking in number of wage earners ; in this respect the brewery in- dustry ranks twenty-fifth among the industries listed, and the distillery industry forty-third. Table 4 All Industries filaughtering and meat packing Foundry and machine-shop products Xiumber and timber products Iron and steel, steel works and rolling mills Flour-mill and gristmill products Printing and publishing <3otton goods, including cotton small wares Clothing, men's, including shirts Boots and shoes, including cut stock ajid find- ings Woolen, worsted, and felt goods, and wool hats . Tobacco manufactures •Cars and general shop construction and repairs by steam-railroad companies Bread and other bakery products Iron and steel, blast furnaces Clothing, women's Smelting and refining, copper Liquors, malt Leather, tanned, curried, and finished Sugar and molasses, not including beet sugar. . Butter, cheese, and condensed milk Paper and wood pulp Aatomobiles, including bodies and parts Furniture and refrigerators Petroleum, refining Electrical machinery , apparatus, and supplies, Liquors, distilled , Hosiery and knit goods Copper, tin, and sheet-iron products Silk and silk goods^ including throwsters Smelting and refinmg, lead Gas, illuminating and heating ■Carriages and wagons and materials Calming and preserving , Brass and bronze products Oil, cottonseed, and cake Agricultural implements Patent medicines and compounds and drug- gists' j)reparations Confectionery Paint and varnish - - - - Cars, steam-railroad, not including operations of railroad companies Chemicals Marble and stone work Leather goods All other industries Number of estab- lish- ments. 26B,491 1,641 13,253 40,671 446 11,691 ■31,445 1,324 6,354 1,918 15,822 1,145 23,926 208 4,558 1,414 919 233 8,479 777 743 3,155 147 1,009 613 1,374 4,228 852 1,296 5,492 3,767 1,021 817 640 3,642 1,944 791 110 349 4,964 2,375 61,887 WAGE EARNERS. Average number. 6,616,016 89,728 531,011 695,019 240,076 39,453 258,434 378,880 239,696 198,297 168,722 166,810 282, 174 100,216 38,429 153,743 15,628 54,579 62,202 13,526 18,431 75,978 75,721 128,452 13,929 87,256 6,430 129,275 73,615 99,037 7,424 37, 215 69,928 59,968 40,618 17,071 60,651 22,895 44,638 14,240 43,086 23,714 65,603 34,907 1,648,441 Per cent dis- tribu- tion. 100.0 1.4 8.0 10.5 3.6 0.6 3.9 6.7 3.6 3.0 2.6 2.5 4.3 1.5 0.6 2.3 0.2 0.8 0.9 0.2 0.3 1.2 1.1 1.9 0.2 1.3 0.1 2.0 1.1 1.5 0.1 0.6 1.1 0.9 0.6 0.3 0.8 0.3 0.7 0.2 0.7 0.4 1.0 0.5 24.9 VALUE or PRODUCTS. Amoimt (expressed in thou- sands). $20,672,063 1,370,568 1,228,475 1,156,128 985,723 883,584 737,876 628,392 568,077 612,798 435,979 416,695 405,601 396,865 391,429 384,752 378,806 374,730 327,874 279,249 274,658 267,657 249,202 239,887 236,998 221,309 204,699 200,144 199,824 196,912 167,406 166,814 159,893 157, 101 149,989 147,868 146,329 141,942 134,796 124,889 123,730 117,689 113,093 104,719 4,561,002 Per cent dis- tribu- tion. 100.0 6.6 5.9 5.6 4.8 4.3 3.6 3.0 2.7 2.5 2.1 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 22.0 Amount (expressed in thou- sands). VALUE ADDED BY MANUFACTURE. $8,629,261 167,740 688,464 648,011 328,222 116,008 536,101 257,383 270,562 180,060 153,101 239,509 206,188 158,831 70, 791 175,964 45,274 278,134 79,595 31,666 39,012 102,215 117,556 131,112 37,725 112,743 168,722 89,903 87, 242 89,145 15,443 114,386 77,942 55,278 50,761 28,035 86,022 91,566 63,645 45,873 44,977 53,667 75,696 44,692 2,084,399 Per cent dis- tribu- tion. 100.0 2.0 8.1 .7.6 ♦3.9 1.4 6.3 3.0 3.2 2.1 1.8 2.8 2.4 1.9, 0.8 2.1 0.9 0.4 0.5 1.2 1.4 1.5 0.4 1.3 2.0 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.2 1.3 0.9 0.7 0.6 0.3 1.1 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.9 0.5 24.4 PEE CENT op INCREASE.' earners (average number). 1904- 1909 21.0 19.0 19.8 30.5 15.7 0.9 18.0 19.9 38.0 23.7 15.0 4.6 19.1 23.3 9.6 32.9 22.6 13.4 8.7 -0.2 18.5 15.2 528.4 12.5 -16.9 44.3 20.1 24.2 38.8 24.4 -2.0 21.8 -10.2 5.3 22.5 9.9 6.7 11.8 23.2 22.4 26.5 19.7 28.4 2.1 18.5 1899- 1904 18.0 8.9 3.8 4.7 13 3 21.4 12.2 4.3 10.2 6.0 12.3 20.3 36.4 35.0 -10.6 12.6 22.0 9.8 -4.1 21.6 32.9 437.7 26.0 37.4 43.9 44.0 24.4 38.4 21.7 -9.0 36.1 6.6 -0.1 22.1 41.2 1.7 7.6 34.9 20.0 1.8 4.1 22.6 16.8 23.9 Value of products. 1904- 1909 48.6 39.6 30.7 46.3 23.9 33.6 39.5 39.7 43.4 36.5 25.8 30.9 47.2 68.8 55.4 57.3 25.6 29.8 0.7 63.2 41.8 729.7 34.9 35.4 57.2 55.9 46.0 66.6 47.7 2.6 20.4 46.5 53.4 30.6 20.9 54.8 37.6 11.3 56.5 33.3 27.5 41.8 1899- 1904 17.0 10.3 16.2 12.9 42.2 39.8 32.8 25.6 23.3 28.4 25.6 42.0 53.7 12.1 56.4 45.8 26.9 23.8 15.7 28.6 48.2 632.6 •36.1 41.2 52.3 35.6 43.6 53.1 24.3 5.9 65.3 12.7 31.3 15.5 64.2 10.7 32.3 43.6 30.6 22.8 20.1 33.3 55.9 41.5 Value added by manufac- ture. 1904- 1909 36.6 51.6 34.2 23.7 41.0 24.7 66.7 38.5 36.0 33.4 16.8 29.9 50.5 2.8 24.5 29.5 -2.1 54.4 32.0 696.3 29.9 6.9 62.4 59.7 49.1 55.8 65.2 -8.5 30.0 -0.5 16.8 38.1 71.2 35.0 17.6 40.1 47.9 61.5 29.9 18.6 36.6 1804 7.3 17.8 32.3 12.8 27.0 40.6 1.0 25.5 34.3 20.0 46.0 41.4 —29.7 66.7 2.6 20.6 25.3 77.6 15.1 36.4 473.6 37.8 69.0 72.1 29.4 36.1 56.6 28.0 -46.1 59.6 9.6 32.7 33.8 20.8 11.3 37.1 51.4 24.9 23.5 18.0 38.4 38.6 47.1 1 Per cent of increase is based on figures in Table 110. A minus sifen (— ) denotes decrease. The table shows very great differences among the several industries with respect to the percentages of increase in the number of wage earners, value of products, and value added by manufacture. The great majority of the industries, however, show an increase in each of these items for each of the five- year periods, the exceptions being the sugar industry and the smelting and refining of lead, which show a decrease in one or more items for each five-year period; the refining of petroleum, which shows a STATES, CITIES, AND INDUSTRIES. 443 PER CENT DISTRIBUTION OF VALUE OF PRODUCTS BY INDUSTRIES: 1909. PER CENT DISTRIBUTION OP AVERAGE NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS, BY INDUSTRIES: 1909. MEAT PACKINO FOUNDRY AND MACHINE BHOPS| LUMBER STEEL ROLLINQ MILLS FLOUR MILLS PRINTING AND PUBLI8HINQ ■COTTON GOODS CLOTHING, MEN'S Boots AND SHOES WOOLEN GOODS TOBACCO RAILROAD SHOPS BAKERIES BLAST FURNACES t CLOTHING, WOMEN'S COPPER SMELTING ■LIQUORS, MALT LEATHER SUGAR AND MOLASSES SUTTER ANO CHEESE PAPER ANO PULP AUTOMOBILES FURNITURE PETROLEUM, REFINING ELECTRICAL APPARATUS. LIQUORS, DISTILLED KNIT GOODS COPPER, TIN, AND SHEET IRON SILK GOODS if.ipf! 1910 1900 1910 1900 1909 1899 1909 1899 1909 1899 1909 1899 593 436 34,002,692 24,052,670 135,772 102,918 4,316,642 3,044,439 J14, 264, 878, 807 7,864,564,177 6,003,005,285 3,377,477,927 37.0 31.7 50.6 49.6 65.3 64.6 69.0 68.9 70.4 69.9 365 277 5,495,694 4,297,118 18,936 15,463 678,467 524,900 $1,946,703,215 1,052,639,594 801,766,297 458,679,363 6.0 6.7 7.1 7.5 10.3 11.1 9.4 9.2 9.4 9.5 178 122 8,204,960 5,547,205 27,061 20,147 1,126,253 767,293 $3,582,403,574 1,843,124,795 1,431,652,146 773,117,708 8.9 7.3 10.1 9.7 17.0 16.3 17.3 16.1 16.8 16.0 SO 37 20,302,138 14,208,347 89,775 67,308 2,511,922 1,752,246 $8,735,772,018 4,968,799,788 3,769,686,842 2,145,680,856 Population 91,972,266 76,994,675 268,491 207,514 6,615,046 4,712,763 120,672,051,870 11,406,926,701 8,529,260,992 4,831,075,210 22.1 18.7 33.4 32.4 38.0 37.2 42.3 43.6 44.2 44.4 57,969,574 51,941,905 132,719 104,596 2,298,404 1,668,324 $6,407,173,063 3,542,362,524 2,526,255,707 1,453,597,283 63.0 Number of establishments Average number of wage earn- ers. Value of products 68.3 49.4 50.4 34.7 35.4 31.0 Value added by manufacture. . 31.1 29.6 30.1 In 1909 places of more than 10,000 inhabitants, although they included only 37 per cent of the total population of the country, contained a httle over one- half of the total number of manufacturing establish- ments in the country. These establishments employed nearly two-thirds of the wage earners employed in manufactures (65.3 per cent), and reported more than two-thirds of the total value of products and of the value added by manufacture, the actual percentages being 69 and 70.4, respectively. It is noteworthy, however, that, whereas commu- nities of this size contained a materially larger pro- portion of the population of the country in 1910 than they did in 1900 — 37 per cent as against 31.7 per cent — there was only a very slight increase in their pro- portion of the total number of manufacturing estabhsh- ments and of wage earners, and of the total value added by manufacture, and practically no change in their proportion of the total value of products. In other words, while these communities, considered as a group, have perhaps a little more than held their own in relative importance in manufacturing industry, they have not gained in this respect commensurately with their gain in population. The foregoing state- ment regarding this group as a whole holds true like- wise for the class of cities having from 25,000 to 100,000 inhabitants and for the class having 100,000 or more inhabitants, except that for the latter group there was a sUght decrease in the proportion of the value of products and value added by manufacture. On the other hand, the class of communities having from 10,000 to 25,000 inhabitants reported a slight in- crease in its proportion of the total population in 1910 as compared with 1900, and a shghtly larger proportion of the total value of products in 1909 than in 1899, although in respect to number of estab- lishments, average number of wage earners, and value added by manufacture, the proportion for such com- munities was slightly lower in the later year than in the earUer. PEESONS ENGAGED IN MANUFACTURING INDUSTEIES. Definitions and explanations. — ^Attention is called to certain differences between the census of 1909 and previous censuses in respect to the manner of collect- ing and presenting statistics of persons engaged in manufacturing industries. At the censuses of 1899, 1904, and 1909 the follow- ing general classes of persons engaged in manufac- turing industries were distinguished: (1) Proprietors and firm members, (2) salaried officers of corporations, (3) superintendents and managers, (4) clerks, and (5) wage earners. In the reports for the censuses of 1904 and 1899 these five classes were shown according to the three main groups: (1) Proprietors and firm mem- bers, (2) salaried officials, clerks, etc., and (3) wage earners. The second group included the three classes of salaried officers of corporations, superintendents and managers, and clerks. In certain tables relating ex- clusively to the present census a somewhat different grouping is employed — ^that into (1) proprietors and officials, (2) clerks, and (3) wage earners. The first 452 abs1:ract of the census— manufactures. group includes proprietors and firm members, salaried officers of corporations, and superintendents and managers. In comparative tables covering the cen- suses of 1899 and 1904 it is of course necessary to group the figures for 1909 according to the same classification that was employed in the earlier censuses. At this census the number of persons engaged in the industries, segregated by sex, and, in the case of wage earners, also by age (whether under 16 or 16 and over), was reported for December 15, or the nearest repre- sentative day. The 15th of December was selected as representing for most industries normal conditions of employment, but where conditions were exceptional, and particularly in the case of certain seasonal indus- tries, such as canning, the December date could not be accepted as typical and an earUer date had to be chosen. In the case of employees other than wage earners the number thus reported on December 15 or other repre- sentative day has been treated as equivalent to the average for the year, since the number of employees of this class does not vary much from month to month in a given industry. In the case of wage earners the average is obtained in the manner explained in the next paragraph. In addition to the more detailed report by sex and age of the nimiber of wage earners on December 15 or other representative day, a report was obtained of the number employed on the 15th of each month, without distinction of sex or age. From these figures the average number of wage earners for the year has been calculated by dividing the sum of the numbers reported each month by 12. The average thus ob- tained represents the number of wage earners that would be required to perform the work done if all were constantly employed during the entire year. Accord- ingly, the importance of any industry as an employer of labor is believed to be more accurately measured by this average than by the number employed at any one time or on a given day. The number of wage earners reported for the repre- sentative day, though given in certain tables for each separate industry, is not totaled for all industries com- bined, because in view of the variations of date such a total is ■believed not to be significant. It would involve more or less duplication of persons working in different industries at different times, would not rep- resent the total number employed in all industries at any one time, and would give an undue weight to seasonal industries as compared with industries in continual operation. In particular, totals by sex and age for the wage earners reported for the representative day for all industries combined would be misleading because of the undue weight given to seasonal industries, in some of which, such as canning and preserving, the distribu- tion of the wage earners by sex and age is materially different from that in most industries of more regular operation. In order to determine as nearly as possible the sex and age distribution of the average number of wage earners for' a given state as a whole, the per cent distribution by sex and age of the wage earners in each industry for December 15 or the nearest representa- tive day has been calculated from the actual numbers reported for that date. The percentages thus ob- tained have been applied to the average number of wage earners for the year in that industry, to determine the average number of men, women, and children employed. These calculated averages for the several industries have been added up to give the average distribution for each state as a whole and for the entire country. In 1899 and 1904 the schedule caUed for the aver- age number of wage earners of each sex 16 years and over, and the average number under 16 years of age without distinction of sex, for each month, and these monthly statements were combined in an annual average. Comparatively few manufacturing concerns, however, keep their books in such way as to show readily the number of men, women, and children em- ployed on the average each month. These monthly returns by sex and age were, in fact, largely estimates. It was believed that a more accurate and rehable sex and age distribution could be secured by taking as a basis of estimate the actual niunbers employed on a single day. Summary for United States: 1909. — The following table shows, for 1909, the distribution of the persons engaged in manufacturing, each class being distributed by sex, and the average number of wage earners by age also: Table 9 CLASS. PERSONS ENGAGED IN MANUFACTUKES. Total. Male. Female. All classes 7,678,678 6.ie2,S63 1,516,316 Proprietors and officials ... 487,173 472,914 14,259 Proprietors and firm members 273,265 80,735 133,173 576,359 6,615,046 263,673 78,937 130,304 437,056 5,252,293 9,692 1,798 2,869 Salaried officers of corporations . Clerks 139,303 1,362,753 16 years of age and over . . . 6,463,563 161,493 5,163,164 89,129 1,290,389 72,364 The average number of persons engaged in manufac- turing industries durbig 1909 was 7,678,578. Of these, 6,615,046, or 86.1 per cent, were wage earners; 487,173, or 6.3 per cent, proprietors and officials; and 576,359, or 7.5 per cent, clerks. Of the wage earners, 5,163,164 were males 16 years of age and over; 1,290,389 females 16 years of age and over; and 161,493 children under the age of 16. Statistics of employees for the last three censuses are given for individual industries in Table 110, and for each state and geographic division in Table 111. STATES, CITIES, AND INDUSTRIES. 453 Occupational status by leading industries: 1909. — The following table shows for the 43 leading industries the number of proprietors, officers of corporations, superintendents and managers, clerks, and wage earners. respectively, and the percentage which the persons in- cluded in each of the principal groups represent of the total number employed. The figures for wage earners represent the average number for the year. Table 10 PERSONS ENGAGED IN MANTTFACTDHES. Total number. Proprietors and officials. Total. Proprie- tors and firm members . Salaried officials of corpo- rations. Superin- tendents and managers. Clerks. Wage earners (average number). Per cent of total. Proprie- tors and officials. Clerks. Wage earners (average num- ber). All Industries Agricultural implements Automobiles, including bodies and parts Boots and shoes, including cut stock and findings Brass and bronze products Bread and other bakery products .'..'. Butter, cheese, and condensed milk Canning and preserving Carriages and wagons and materials Cars and general shop construction and repairs by steam- raihoad companies Cars, steam-railroad, not including operations of ralhoad com- panies Chemicals Clothing, men's, including shirts Clothing, women's Confectionery Copper, tin, and sheet-Iron products Cotton goods, including cotton small wares Electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies Flour-mill and gristmill products Foundry and machine-shop products Furniture and refrigerators Gas, illuminating and heating Hosiery and knit goods Iron and steel, blast furnaces Iron and steel, steel works and rolling mills Leather goods Leather, tanned, curried, and finished Liquors, distilled Liquors, malt Lumber and timber products Marble and stone work Oil, cottonseed, and cake Famt and varnish Paper and wood pulp Patent medicines and compounds and druggists' preparations Petroleum, refining Printing and publishing Silk and silk goods, including throwsters Slaughtering and meat packing Smelting and refining, copper Smelting and refining, lead Sugar and molasses, not.including beet sugar Tobacco manufactures Woolen, worsted, and felt goods, and wool hats All other industries 7,678,678 60,229 85,359 215,923 45,441 144,322 31,506 71,972 82,944 301,273 47,094 27,791 271,437 179,021 54,854 86,934 387,771 105,600 66,054 615,485 144,140 51,007 136, 130 43,061 260,762 43,525 67,100 8,328 66,725 784,989 77,275 21,273 21,896 81,473 41,101 16,640 388,466 105,238 108,716 16,832 8,059 15,658 197,637 175, 176 1,916,361 487,178 2,489 2,564 5,752 2,160 29,136 10,480 6,920 8,844 6,974 1,041 1,086 12,041 9,281 3,362 7,269 4,461 4,121 18,763 31,605 7,281 2,986 3,308 1,119 4,286 4,209 2,331 1,111 4,362 68,165 8,453 2,167 2,016 2,298 6,647 671 49,332 2,236 3,514 275 132 789 21,012 3,192 117,932 273,266 465 405 1,838 828 26,982 8,019 4,244 6,213 154 8,502 6,482 1,832 4,423 377 439 14,670 9,851 2,657 277 1,134 48 47 2,552 784 563 639 48,825 6,026 110 456 250 2,802 42 30,424 664 1,659 7 204 17,634 732 59,096 80,736 569 768 1,027 684 801 1,032 968 1,166 1,877 241 367 1,089 842 766 1,288 1,726 997 1,486 9,348 2,170 990 799 262 779 760 629 217 1,819 6,616 867 576 793 773 1,427 211 7,265 480 731 ^3 44 140 809 782 23,811 133,173 1,455 1,401 2,887 748 1,353 1,429 1,708 1,465 5,095 793 565 2,450 1,957 764 1,558 2,358 2,685 2,707 12,406 2,454 1,719 1,375 809 3,460 918 331 1,904 12,724 1,560 1,481 767 1,275 1,418 418 11,643 1,092 1,124 215 445 2,669 1,678 35,025 676,369 7,189 7,074 11,874 2,663 14,970 2,595 5,084 4,172 12,125 2,967 2,991 19,700 15,997 6,854 6,050 4,430 14,223 7,838 52,869 8,407 10,806 3,647 3,513 16,400 4,409 2,567 787 7,784 21,805 3,219 2,035 6,640 3,197 12,569 2,040 80,700 3,966 15,474 929 603 1,343 9,816 3,262 149,988 6,616,018 50,561 75,721 198,297 40,618 100,216 18,431 69,968 69,928 282,174 43,086 23,714 239,696 153,743 44,638 73,615 378,880 87,256 39,453 631,011 128,462 37,215 129,275 38,429 240,076 34,907 62,202 6,430 54,579 695,019 06,603 17,071 14,240 76, 978 22,896 13, 929 268,434 99,037 89,728 15,628 7,424 13,526 166,816 168,722 1,648,441 6.3 4.1 3.0 2.7 4.8 20.2 33.3 9.6 10.7 2.3 3.9 4.4 5.2 6.1 8.4 1.2 3.9 28.4 5.1 6.1 6.9 2.4 2.6 1.6 9.7 3.5 13.3 6.5 8.7 10.9 10.2 9.2 2.8 13.7 4.0 12.7 2.1 3.2 1.6 L6 5.0 10.6 1.8 6.2 7.8 11.9 8.3 6.5 5.9 10.4 8.2 7.1 6.0 4.0 6.3 10.8 7.3 8.9 12.5 7.0 1.1 13.5 11.9 8.6 5.8 21.2 2.6 8.2 6.3 10.1 3.8 9.4 11.7 2.8 4.2 9.6 25.8 3.9 30.6 12.3 20.8 3.8 14.2 5.5 6.2 8.6 5.0 1.9 7.8 86.1 83.9 88.7 91.8 89.4 69.4 58.5 83.3 84.3 93.7 91.5 85.3 88.3 85.9 81.4 84.7 97.7 82.6 59.7 86.3 89.1 73.0 96.0 89.2 92.1 80.2 92.7 77.2 81.8 88.5 84.9 80.2 65. (> 93. S 56.7 83.7 66.5 94.1 82.5 92.8 92.1 86.4 84.4 96.3 86.0 The highest proportion of proprietors and officials shown for any individual industry covered by the table, 33.3 per cent, is for the butter, cheese, and con- densed-milk industry. Many of the estabhshments in this industry are carried on by cooperative asso- ciations, and the practice in 1909, as at prior censuses, was not to include the members of such associations as proprietors in the totals, but to omit them al- together. From the ioformation contained in the reports, it is impossible, in some instances, to distin- guish such associations from partnerships, and the large number of proprietors and ofl&cials shown for this industry indicates the probabihty that the mem- bers of some associations were inadvertently included as partners. The high percentage of proprietors and officials in the flour-miU and gristmiU and the bakery industries is explained by the fact that the majority of the estabhshments are small and the work is to a large extent done by the proprietors or their imme- diate representatives, while in the large flour millg automatic machinery has reduced the amount of labor to a minimum. A factor which has much to do with the proportion of clerks among the total number of employees in an industry is the method of marketing the product. Thus there are high percentages of clerks in the manufacture of patent medicines and compounds and druggists' preparations, and in the paint and varnish, illuminating-gas, and printing and publish- ing industries. In these industries the average num- 454 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— MANUFACTURES. ber of customers or patrons for each establishment is large and this necessitates a large force of em- ployees for soliciting trade, correspondence, accoimt- ing, and collection. In general, though not in all cases, the larger the average size of establishments in an industry, the smaller is the proportion of proprietors, officials, and clerks, and the larger the proportion of wage earners. Thus the four textile industries — the cotton, woolen, hosiery and knit-goods, and silk-manufacturing in- dustries — ^which are mainly conducted in large fac- tories, show the largest proportions of wage earners. An unusually large proportion of wage earners is shown also for the paper and pulp mills, the steel works and rolling nulls, the construction of steam- raUroad ears, the smelting and refining of copper and lead, the tanning and finishing of leather, boots and shoes, and the repair shops of steam railroads. Comparison with previous censuses as to occupational status. — ^In order to compare the distribution of per- sons engaged in manufacturing industries according to occupational status in 1909 with that shown at the census of 1904, it is necessary to use the classification employed at the earher census. (See p. 451.) Such a comparison is made ro the following table. Com- parable figures for 1899 are not available. Table 11 PEESONS ENGAGED IN MANUEACTUKES. 1909 1904 Per CLASS. Number. Per cent dis- tribu- tion. Number. Per cent dis- tribu- tion. cent oJ in- crease, 1904- 1909. Total 7,678,878 273,265 790,267 6,615,046 100.0 3.6 10.3 86.1 6,213,612 225,673 519,556 5,468,383 100.0 3.6 8.4 88.0 23.6 Proprietors and firm members 21.1 52.1 Wage earners (average number) 21.0 A greater percentage of increase is shown for salaried employees than for the other two classes. This is due in part to the changes from individual and firm ownership to corporate organization, a change which frequently involves the transfer of proprietors and firm members to the class of officials. At the same time there is no doubt that the number of clerks here classified with the other salaried employees has in- creased relatively faster than the number of wage earners. This may indicate an increase of the practice on the part of the manufacturers of direct sale of goods without the interposition of so many middlemen as formerly handled the product. Sex and age distribution, by leading industries: 1909. — Table 12, on the opposite page, shows, for the 43 lead- ing industries, the number and per cent distribution, by age and sex, of wage earners as reported for December 15, or the nearest representative day. As a means of judging the true importance of the several industries as employers of labor, the average number employed for the entire year is also given in each case, this num- ber, ia the case of seasonal industries, being much smaller than the number on the representative day. The per cent distribution for all industries combioed, based on the average number employed as shown in Table 9, is also presented. In all industries combined 78 per cent of the average number of wage earners were males 16 years of age or over, 19.5 per cent females 16 years of age or over, and 2.5 per cent children under the age of 16. The industries for which the largest proportions of males 16 years of age or over are shown are those in which the work is of a nature requiring much physical strength or a high degree of skill. Thus in the smelting and refining of both copper and lead males 16 years of age or over constitute 99.9 per cent of the total number of wage earners, and in the blast furnaces they constitute 99.8 per cent. Other industries in which males of 16 years or over represent more than 99 per cent of the wage earners are the gas industry, construction of steam-railroad cars, steel works and rolling mills, marble and stone work, the repair shops of steam railroads, and the manufacture of cotton- seed oil. The proportion of women and children, naturally, is larger in those industries in which the processes require dexterity rather than strength. In six of the industries covered by Table 12 — the making of men's and women's clothing, the confectionery industry, and the manufacture of hosiery and knit goods, of patent medicines and compounds and druggists' preparations, and of silk and silk goods — more than half of the wage earners are females 16 years of age or over. The proportion of wage earners under 16 years is larger in three of the textile industries — the cotton goods, silk and silk goods, and hosiery and knit-goods industries — than in any other of the principal iodustries of the country. The proportion is also relatively high in the canning and preserving, confectionery, and woolen-goods industries. STATES, CITIES, AND INDUSTRIES. 455 Table 12 All industries Agricultural implements Automobiles, including bodies and parte Boots and shoes, inoluaing cut stock and fiudings Brass and bronze products Bread and other bakery products !!!]'!!!!!!!!!!!!! Butter, cheese, and condensed milk Canning and preserving ■. !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Carriages and wagons and materials ].[['.[".]'.[[... Cars and general shop construction and repairs by steam-r^iroad companjes Cars, steam-raihoad, not including operations of railroad companies Chemicals Clothing, men's, including shirts '1 Clothing, women's Confectionery Copper, tin, and sheet-iron products '.'.'.'.'.'.'. Cotton goods, including cotton small wares Electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies riour-mill and gristmill products Foundry and machine-shop products Furniture and refrigerators .!..".!!! Cras, illuminating and heating Hosiery and knit goods Iron and steel, blast furnaces Iron and steel, steel works and rolling mills Leather goods Leather, tanned, curried, and finished Liquors, distilled Liquors, malt Lumber and timber products Marble and stone work Oil, cottonseed, and cake Paint and varnish Paper and wood pulp Patent medicines and compounds and druggists' preparations Petroleimi, refining Printing and publishing Silk and silk goods, including throwsters Slaughtering and meat paclcmg Smelting and refining, copper Smelting and refining, lead Sugar and molasses, not including beet sugar Tobacco manufactures Woolen, worsted, and felt goods, and wool hats WAGE EAENEES. Average number. 6,61fi,046 50,551 75,721 198,297 40,61S 100,216 18,431 59,968 69,928 282, 174 43,086 23,714 239,696 153,743 44,638 73, 615 378,880 87,256 39,453 531,011 128,452 37,215 129, 275 38,429 240,076 34,907 6,430 54,579 695,019 65,603 17,071 14,240 75,978 22,895 13,929 258,434 99,037 89,728 15,628 7,424 13,526 166,810 168, 722 Number Dec. 15, or nearest representative day. Total. (') 55,429 97,250 211,507 46,230 104,443 19,323 156,847 72,783 302,080 68,274 25,341 257,128 162,359 62,421 78,909 387,698 102,950 42,495 604, 167 138,829 37,396 136, 713 47,278 284,264 36,502 66,717 8,130 54,135 838,160 67,921 29,691 14,426 78,672 24,683 14,873 272,027 102,369 94,854 16,029 8,002 25,134 181,036 175, 171 16 years of age and over. Male. 54,629 96,060 132, 411 42,908 84,956 17,743 67,219 71, 104 301, 431 58,046 24,102 109, 139 58,316 18,836 66,797 197,420 78,605 41,787 587, 636 132, 176 37,308 37,419 47, 184 281,801 29,868 64,005 7,008 52,865 826,978 67,575 29,551 13,207 68,497 11,503 14,657 204,388 35,785 88,352 16,013 8,001 24,626 90,417 92,820 Female. Under 16 years of age. (') 674 982 70,457 2,774 17,407 1,468 77,593 1,126 455 190 1,061 142, 781 103,063 30,463 9,716 150,057 23,398 665 11,895 3,677 71 88,183 10 1,114 5,738 2,230 1,111 1,040 4,027 112 49 1,137 9,909 12,672 170 60,973 58,441 5,960 1 376 84, 193 72,409 226 208 8,639 548 2,080 112 11,035 553 194 38 178 5,208 1,480 3,132 2,396 40,221 947 143 4,636 2,976 17 11,111 84 1,349 896 482 11 230 7,155 234 91 82 266 508 46 6,666 8,143 542 16 132 6,426 9,942 Per cent of total. 16 years of age and over. Male. Female. 78.0 98.4 98.8 62.6 92.8 81.3 91.8 43.1 97.7 99.8 99.6 95.1 42.4 35.8 35.9 84.6 60.9 76.4 98.3 97.3 95.2 99.1 81.8 95.9 86.2 97.7 98.7 99.5 99.5 91.5 87.1 46.6 98.5 75.1 35.0 93.1 98.0 49.9 53.0 19.5 1.2 1.0 33.3 6.0 16.7 7.6 49.8 1.5 0.2 0.3 4.2 55.5 63.3 58.1 12.3 38.7 22.7 1.3 2.0 2.6 0.2 64.5 <-\. 0.4 15.7 3.3 13.7 1.9 0.5 0.2 0.2 7.9 12.6 5L3 1.1 22.4 57.1 6.3 1.5 46.5 41.3 Under 16 years of age. S.5 0.4 0.2 4.1 1.2 2.0 0.1 7.6 0.8 0.1 0.1 0.7 2.0 0.9 6.0 3.0 10.4 0.9 0.3 0.8 2.1 m 8.1 0.2 0.5 2.5 0.7 0.1 0.4 0.9 0.3 0.3 0.6 0.3 2.1 0.3 2.4 8.0 0.6 0.1 O.S 3.6 5.7 1 No totals given for reasons explained on page 452. In addition to the industries shown in the above table, which were selected according to their importance with respect to gross value of products, certain others are of interest because of the relatively large number of women and children employed. Table 13, on the following page, shows the sex and age distribution of wage earners in all industries not covered by the preceding table in which there were at least 5,000 women, or in which the women constituted over 40 per cent of the wage earners and numbered not less than 500. The table shows that there are a large number of industries, some of considerable importance, in which women 16 years of age or over represent more than 40 per cent of the total number of wage earners. In the manufacture of corsets, of artificial flowers, feathers, and plumes, and of steel pens, more than 80 per cent s Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. of the wage earners are women. Other industries in which female wage earners 16 years of age or over constitute over three-fourths of the total number employed are the manufacture of men's furnishing goods and of millinery and lace goods, and the grading, roasting, cleaning, and shelling of peanuts. Large numbers of women are also employed in several indus- tries listed in this table in which, however, the propor- tion which these represent of the total number of wage earners is less than 40 per cent. Of the industries shown in Table 13, those in which the proportion of children under 16 years of age ex- ceeds 5 per cent are the manufacture of bags, other than paper; cigar boxes; fancy and paper boxes; horse clothing; cordage and twine; needles, pins, and hooks and eyes; lead pencils; stationery goods, not elsewhere specified; and the cork-cutting industry. 456 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— MANUFACTURES. Table 13 Artificial flowers and feathers and plumes Awnings, tents, and sails Bags, other than paper Bags, paper Baking powders and yeast Boots and shoes, rubber Boxes, cigar Boxes, fancy and paper Buttons Carpets and rugs, other than rag Clocks and watches, including cases and materials. .. Clothing, horse Cordage and twine and jute and linen goods Cork, cutting Corsets Dyeing and finishing textiles Fireworks Flags, banners, regalia, society badges, and emblems Flavoring extracts Food preparations Fur goods Furnishing goods, men's Gloves and mittens, leather Gold and silver, leaf and foil Hair work Hats, fur-felt Hats, straw House-furnishing goods, not elsewhere specified Jewelry Jewelry and instrument cases Millinery and lace goods Needles, pins, and hooks and eyes Paper goods, not elsewhere specified Peanuts, grading, roasting, cleaning, and shelling Pencils, lead Pens, 'steel Pottery, terra-cotta, and fire-clay products Stationery goods, not elsewhere specified Surgical appliances and artificial limbs Umbrellas and canes : WAGE EAENEES. Average number. 10,016 4,242 7,968 3,212 2,155 17, 612 6,115 39,514 16, 427 33,307 23,857 1,648 25,820 3,142 17,564 44,046 1,403 3,572 1,229 14,968 11,927 38,482 11,354 1,383 3,534 25,064 8,814 4,907 30,347 2,070 39,201 4,638 19,211 1,949 4,134 . 699 56,168 6,206 4,241 5,472 Number Dec. 15, or nearest representative day. Total 10, 769 4,043 8,437 3,299 2,273 18,528 6,554 43,239 17,873 34,874 25,574 1,789 26,941 3,239 18, 152 45,841 1,380 3,552 1,270 17,786 14,450 41,970 12, 188 1,417 3,885 30,292 10,328 5,371 33,914 2,343 40,522 4,955 20,500 2,346 4,412 729 60,842 6,417 4,440 5,837 16 years of age and over. Male 1,416 2,254 2,870 1,680 1,199 10,995 2,914 14, 198 10, 721 19,601 15, 775 680 13,019 1,756 2,291 756 1,267 722 12,070 8,539 9,153 5,202 612 1,338 21, 182 3,512 2,713 23,336 1,045 8,061 2,262 10, 141 473 1,843 113 53, 159 3,405 2,193 2,586 Female. 9,017 1,715 4,794 1,561 1,020 7,060 3,260 25,961 6,530 13,859 1,047 12,083 1,310 15,234 564 2,192 522 5,449 5,853 31,926 6,697 766 2,464 8,468 6,641 2,570 9,645 1,239 31,290 2,313 9,707 1,833 2,244 591 6,799 2,635 2,113 3,017 Under 16 years . 64 773 58 54 473 380 3,080 622 1,414 537 162 1,839 173 627 26 267 58 891 642 175 59 1,171 380 652 40 325 26 884 377 134 234 Per cent of total. 16 years and over. Male. Female. 13.1 66.0 34.0 60.9 62.7 59.3 44.5 32.8 60.0 66.2 61.7 32.4 48.3 54.2 12.6 79.6 54.8 35.7 56.8 67.9 59.1 21.8 42.7 43.2 34.4 69.9 34.0 50.5 68.8 44.6 19.9 45.6 49.5 20.2 41.8 15.5 87.4 63.1 49.4 44.3 83.7 42.4 56.8 47.3 44.9 38.1 49.7 60.0 36.5 39.7 36.2 58.5 44.8 40.4 83.9 18.0 40.9 61.7 41.1 30.6 40.5 76.1 54 9 53.4 63.4 28.0 64.3 47.8 28.4 52.9 77.2 46.7 47.4 78.1 50.9 81.1 11.2 41.1 47.6 51.7 Under 16 years of age. 3.1 1.6 9.2 1.8 2.4 2.6 5.8 7.1 3.5 4.1 2.1 9.1 6.8 5.3 3.5 2.4 4.3 2.6 2.0 1.5 0.4 2.1 2.4 3.5 2.1 2.1 1.7 1.6 2.8 2.5 7.7 3.2 1.7 7.4 3.4 1.6 5.9' 3.0 4.0- Sex and age distribution, by states : 1909. — Table 14 shows, for each geographic division and each state, the distribution of wage earners by sex and age and the per cent that each class represents of the total average number of wage earners. The numbers of each sex and each age period are obtained by applying to the average number employed ia each industry in each state the percentages of each age and sex in the number of wage earners reported for December 15, or the nearest representative day, and then totaling the result, as more fully explained on page 452. The relative number of males 16 years of age or over, females 16 years of age or over, and children under 16 employed in each state depends primarily upon the character of the industries in that state, but the number of persons imder 16 employed is also affected by the legislation of the several states with regard to child labor. The largest proportions of female wage earners 16 years of age or over are found in the New England and Middle Atlantic divisions, owing chiefly to the importance of the textile and clothing industries in these divisions. Next to these two divisions in this respect ranks the South Atlantic division, and in this division appears the largest pro- portion of wage earners under 16 years of age, 6.3 per cent. This large proportion is due chiefly to the predominance of the textile industries in the South Atlantic states. The proportions of females 16 years of age or over and of children under 16 are lowest ia the West South Central, Mountain, and Pacific divi- sions, where the textile and clothing industries arc relatively unimportant. Among the individual states the largest proportion of female wage earners 16 years of age or over, 32.3 per cent, is found in Khode Island, and the next largest proportion in New Hampshire, followed closely by Massachusetts and New York. The proportion of children employed is largest ia South Carolina, 12.9 per cent, and next largest in North Carolina. Among the Northern states Rhode Island shows the largest- percentage of children. STATES, CITIES, AND INDUSTRIES. 457 Table 14 DIVISION AND STATE. United States.. Geogbaphic divisions: New England Middle Atlantic East North Central . . . West Nortli Central.. . Soutli Atlantic East Soutli Central. . . West Soutt Central. . . Mountain Pacific New England: Maine New Hampsldre. Vermont Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut Middle Atlantic: New York New Jersey Pennsylvania East Nokth Central: Ohio Indiana Illinois Michigan Wisconsin West North Central: Minnesota Iowa Missouri North Dat:ota South Dalcota Nebraska Kansas , South Atlantic: Delaware Maryland Distoict o( Columbia. . Virginia West Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Florida East South Central: Kentucky Alabama... Mississippi. , West South Central: Arkansas Louisiana Oklahoma Texas Mountain: Montana Idaho Wyoming Colorado New Mexico. Arizona Utah Nevada Pacific: Washington. Oregon Caliiornia AVERAGE NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS. Total. 6,61S,016 101,290 207,747 513,764 374,337 663,015 261,772 204,520 75,435 213, 166 79,955 78,658 33,788 584,659 113,538 210,792 1,003,981 326,223 877,543 446,934 186,984 465,764 231,499 182,583 84,767 61,635 152,993 2,789 3,602 24,336 44,215 21,238 107,921 7,707 105,676 63,893 121,473 73,046 104,588 57,473 66,400 73,840 72,148 50,384 44,982 76,165 13,143 70,230 11,655 8,220 2,867 28,067 4,143 6,441 11,785 2,257 69,120 28,750 115,296 16 years ol age and over. Male. Female, 5,163,164 760,639 1,618,967 1,271,013 311,140 617,466 228,788 191,353 71,142 192,666 60,612 63,574 28,946 390,544 72,239 154,724 702,637 236,499 679,831 372,694 161,117 382,691 197,777 156,734 73,038 51,128 119,980 2,489 3,099 20,763 40,643 17,205 72,416 6,861 88, 191 58,335 86,082 60,848 83,998 53,620 55,072 63,016 63,413 47,287 43,763 70,153 12,345 65,092 11,436 8,035 2,810 25,808 3,995 6,366 10,470 2,222 66,042 26,406 100,218 1,290,389 307,076 644,316 220,194 57,471 103,703 24,995 9,724 3,834 19,076 17,956 23,888 4,631 173,280 36,674 50,647 293,525 82,186 168,605 22,255 76,156 31,205 21,582 11,423 9,460 29,196 243 457 3,356 3,337 3,604 28,967 827 13,863 4,506 21,693 12,793 14,549 3,012 9,495 8,379 6,082 2,039 694 4,473 675 3,882 189 155 45 2,094 82 38 1,205 26 2,812 2,246 14,018 Under 16 years of age. 161,493 33,575 44,464 22,667 5,726 41,866 7,989 3,443 459 1,424 1,387 1,196 211 20,735 4,625 6,421 7,819 7,538 29,107 6,244 3,612 6,917 2,517 4,267 306 1,047 3,818 67 46 217 235 529 6,548 19 3,622 1,053 13,698 9,405 6,041 941 833 2,445 3,653 1,058 525 1,539 123 1,266 30 12 165 66 37 110 266 ■ 98 1,060 PER CENT OF TOTAL. 16 years of age and over. Male. 78.1 73.3 84.0 83 78.0 87.4 93.6 94.3 90.4 75. 68.1 85.7 66. 63. 73.4 70.0 72.5 77.5 83.4 86.2 82.2 85.4 85.8 83.0 78.4 89.2 86.0 85.3 91.9 81.0 67.1 89.0 83.5 91.3 70.9 69. 80.3 93.1 84.2 86.3 87.9 97.3 92.1 93.9 92.7 98.1 97.7 98.0 92.0 96.4 98.8 88.8 98.4 95.6 91.8 Fe- male. 19.S 27.9 24.7 14.5 15.4 15.6 9.5 4.7 5.1 Un- der 16 years 22.6 30.4 13.7 29.6 32.3 24.0 29.2 26.2 19.2 15.4 11.9 16.3 13.5 11.8 13.5 15.3 19.1 8.7 12.7 13.8 7.5 16.6 26.8 10.7 13.1 7.1 17.9 17.5 13.9 5.2 14.5 11.3 7.0 4.0 1.6 5.9 6.1 5.5 1.6 1.9 1.6 7.5 2.0 0.6 10.2 1.2 4.1 7.8 12.2 3.0 2.0 1.5 1.5 6.3 3.1 1.7 0.6 0.7 1.7 1.6 0.6 3.6 4.1 2.6 0.8 2.3 3.3 1.2 1.9 1.6 1.1 0.4 1.7 2.5 2.0 1.3 0.9 0.5 2.S 6.1 0.2 3.4 1.6 11.3 12.9 6.8 1.6 1.3 3.3 5.1 2.1 1.2 2.0 0.9 1.8 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.6 1.6 0.6 0.9 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.9 Comparison with previous censuses as to sex and age. — The following table shows, for all industries combined, the distribution of the average number of wage earners according to age periods, and in the case of those 16 years of age or over according to sex, for 1909, 1904, and 1899. As already explained (p. 452), the distribution for 1909 is estimated on the basis of the actual proportions reported for a single represent- ative day, while the figures for the other two censuses represent averages computed from the number of each class reported for each month of the year. Table 15 AVERAGE NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS. 1909 19M 1899 Number. Per cent distri- bution. Number. Per cent distri- bution. Number. Per cent distri- bution. Total 6,616,046 6,453,553 5,163,164 1,290,389 161,493 100.0 97.6 78.1 19.5 2.4 6,468,383 5,308,498 4,242,643 1,065,855 159,886 100.0 97.1 77.6 19.5 2.9 4,712,763 4,551,487 3,632,977 918,510 161,276 100.0 16 years of age and over. Male 96.6 77.1 Female 19 5 Under 16 years of age. . 3.4 From an examination of this table it will be seen that, while the numbers of men and women workers increased at each census, the number of children under 16 years of age has been comparatively stationary. For all industries combined there was a sHght net increase during the 10 years in the number of children employed, although from 1899 to 1904 the number decreased. The percentage which children represent of the total number of wage earners, however, de- creased from census to census. The proportion of adult female wage earners has been the same at each census, while the proportion of adult males has increased slightly. Comparison of sex and age distribution in selected industries : 1909, 1904, and 1899. — Table 16 shows, in percentages, the distribution of wage earners accord- ing to sex and age periods, in 1909, 1904, and 1899, for all industries of any importance in which the pro- portion of women and children is relatively high or in which the absolute number of women and children is large. The percentages for the three years are com- parable though not precisely parallel, for the reason that those for 1909 relate to the number employed on December 15, or the nearest representative day, which in the case of many establishments in some industries was in another month than December, while those for 1904 and 1899 (in which years reports were made for each month of the average number of wage earners by sex and age) are based upon the average number in each group for the month of December. Nevertheless, the figures should be very closely comparable for nearly all industries. In about three-fifths of the 61 industries shown in this table the number of females 16 years of age or over and of children under the age of 16, taken together, formed a smaller proportion of the wage earners reported for December in 1909 than in 1899, or, in other words, the proportion of males 16 years of age or over iacreased during the decade. In the cotton-goods industry, in which the number of women and children is greater than in any other industry, each of these classes represented a smaller 458 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— MANUFACTURES. percentage of the total number of wage earners in 1909 than in 1899. Similar changes have occurred in the men's clothing and the hosiery and knit-goods indus- tries, both of which are important as employers of women and children. In the silk and woolen industries the proportion of women has increased slightly, but the proportion of children under 16 has decreased. For the tobacco-products industry, in which the proportion of children has likewise decreased, a marked increase is shown in the proportion of women employed. Among the 61 industries listed in the table there were 22 in which the percentage of children was higher in 1909 than in 1899, but most of these are relatively unimportant industries. The most conspicuous in- crease in the proportion of children employed is in the manufacture of bags, other than paper. Table 16 PEE CENT OF ALL WAGE EAENEES EMPLOYED.l 16 years of age and over. Male. 1909 1904 1899 Female. 1909 1904 1899 Under 16 years of age. 09 1901 3.1 5.2 1.6 1.2 9.2 5.9 1.8 2.7 2.4 1.7 4.1 3.4 2.6 3.1 .S.« 5.5 7.1 6.2 2.0 2.3 .1..') 3.3 7.1 6.1 4.1 5.7 2.1 1.4 9.1 6.6 2.0 2.4 0.9 0.8 1.4 1.4 6.0 4.8 3.0 2.6 6.8 6.7 5.» 8.S 3.5 2.8 10.4 12.9 2.4 3.9 0.9 1.0 4.3 5.3 2.6 1.6 2.0 1.8 1.5 1.8 0.8 0.8 0.4 0.4 2.1 1.6 2.4 2.1 3.5 2.8 2.1 • 1.7 2.1 2.1 1.7 0.9 8.1 9.6 1.8 2.5 2.S 2.0 2.5 1.3 2.5 3.0 1.7 1.5 2.9 1.5 7.7 6.0 0.3 0.4 3.2 3.2 2.1 2.4 1.7 4.9 7.4 3.8 3.4 7.0 1.5 2.4 2.4 2.6 8.0 9.2 0.6 1.2 6.9 3.9 3.0 1.8 3.B 4.6 4.0 4.7 5.7 7.6 1899 Artificial flowers and feathers and plumes.. Awnings, tents, and sails Bags, other than pai)er B^s, paper Baking powders and yeast Boots and shoes, including cut stock and findings.. Boots and shoes, rubber Boxes, cigar Boxes, fancy and paper Bread and other bakery products Buttons Canning and preserving Carpets and rugs, other than rag Clocks and watches, including cases and materials. Clothing, horse Clothing, men's, includrag shirts Clothing, women's Coffee and spice, roasting and grinding.. Confectionery Copper, tin, and sheet-iron products Cordage and twine and jute and linen goods . Cork, cutting Corsets Cotton goods, including cotton small wares. . Dyeing and finishing textiles E lectrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies Fireworks Flags, banners, regalia, society badges, and emblems . Flavoring extracts Food preparations Foimdry and machine-shop products. Fur goods Furmshing goods, men's Gloves and mittens,leather Gold and silver, leal and foil Hair work Hats, lur-felt Eats, straw Hosiery and knit goods House-Iumishing goods, not elsewhere specified. . Jewelry Jewelry and instrument cases Leather goods Mattresses and spring beds ■ Millinery and lace goods Needles, pins, and hooks and eyes Paper and wood pulp Paper goods, not elsewhere specified Patent medicines and compounds and druggists' preparations. Peanuts, grading, roasting, cleaning, and shelling Pencils, lead Pens, steel Pottery, terra-cotta, and fire-clay products Printing and publishing Silk and silk goods, including throwsters Slaughtering and meat packing Stationery goods, not elsewhere specified Surgical appliances and artificial limbs Tobacco manufactures Umbrellas and canes Woolen, worsted, and felt goods, and wool hats 13.1 56.0 34.0 50.9 52.7 62.6 59. 3 44.5 32.8 81.3 60.0 43.1 56.2 61.7 32.4 42.4 35.8 59.4 35.9 84.6 48.3 54.2 12.6 SO. 9 79.6 76.4 54.8 35.7 56.8 67.9 97.3 69.1 21.8 42.7 43.2 34.4 69.9 34.0 27.4 60.5 68.8 44.6 81.8 79.9 19.9 45.6 87.1 49.5 46.6 20.2 41.8 16.5 87.4 76.1 36.0 93.1 53.1 49.4 49.9 44.3 63.0 14.1 69.5 34.0 52.0 47.0 63.4 57.1 44.5 29.3 79.6 50.8 48.2 51.0 61.8 37.6 34.9 60.3 35.9 85.0 57.6 45.1 10.9 46.6 80.2 80.6 55.7 32.8 51.7 59.0 97.3 67.3 14.1 39.6 45.5 17.8 70.3 33.4 24.2 56.0 71.9 47.7 79.7 79.7 13.4 47.5 86.9 41.5 42.2 19.7 42.1 9.3 86.8 74.5 34.1 92.0 49.6 48.4 54.1 39.3 62.8 12.9 65.1 31.3 63.6 49.9 63.6 60.3 46.4 27.9 79.2 47.4 55.6 48.4 63.8 25.2 29.6 61.9 44.7 86.7 55.2 43.8 9.9 44.8 81.9 82.8 54.7 28.2 51.2 65.6 97.7 45.3 14.7 30.9 51.0 13.9 70.2 25.0 57.3 67.2 48.5 84.4 77.0 16.9 50.9 83.2 46.0 44.5 35.8 13.6 87.2 74 8 36 6 93.1 42.9 64.3 67.8 39.9 53,0 83.7 42.4 56.8 47.3 44.9 38.1 49.7 60.0 16.7 36.6 49.8 39.7 36.2 58.6 56.5 63.3 39.1 58.1 12.3 44.8 40.4 83.9 38.7 18.0 22.7 40.9 61.7 41.1 30.6 2.0 40.5 76.1 64.9 53.4 63.4 28.0 64.3 64.6 47.8 28.4 52.9 15.7 18.4 77.2 46.7 12-6 47.4 61.3 78.1 50.9 '81.1 11.2 22.4 57.1 6.3 41.1 47.6 46.5 51.7 41.3 80.7 39.4 60.2 46.2 51.3 33.2 39.8 60.0 64.6 18.1 45.9 45.7 43.3 36.9 66.6 60.0 64.4 38.3 59.3 12.4 35.6 46.7 86.3 40.5 16.9 18.3 39.0 66.6 46.5 39.2 1.9 42.3 84.3 58.3 51.8 80.5 27.6 65.6 66.2 41.5 26.1 61.0 17.3 18.8 85.1 46.5 13.7 56.3 66.4 75.4 64.0 83.7 11.8 22.9 56.7 6.7 46.5 41.3 56.0 79.1 34.0 65.3 46.4 48.4 33.4 38.2 49.4 65.9 17.7 47.2 40.0 44.1 34.4 66.5 63.4 69.4 46.1 49.8 9.2 36.8 48.2 87.4 41.9 14.4 15.8 36.7 68.9 46.6 31.7 1.4 53.9 83.3 67.1 46.8 86.8 28.4 64.5 40.6 31.0 47.5 12.3 20.4 81.9 44.0 16.5 51.6 53.9 51.9 78.8 10.6 20.6 63.4 4.6 50.7 40.3 37.6 66.0 39.7 8.0 0.9 3.4 1.0 1.7 3.1 1.5 4.2 6.2 3.1 5.4 4.4 7.5 1.8 9.3 2.6 0.9 2.0 6.4 4.1 8.1 8.0 2.7 13.3 3.7 l.S 8.6 2.9 2.3 2.7 0.9 0.7 2.0 2.0 3.2 0.4 1.4 10. S 2.3 1.8 4.0 3.3 2.6 1.2 5.1 0.4 2.4 1.6 12.3 7.6 2.3 4.7 10.0 2.4 6.4 6.4 4.7 4.1 7.2 1 For 1904 and 1899 the percentages are based on the average numbers rejwrted for the month of December; for 1909, on the number employed on Dec 15 or the nearest representative day. ' Comparison of sex and age distribution, by states: 1909, 1904, and 1899.— Table 17 shows, for each geographic division and state, for 1909, 1904, and 1899, respectively, the percentage of the average num- ber of wage earners employed during the year repre- sented by males 16 years of age or over, females 16 STATES, CITIES, AND INDUSTRIES. 459 years of age or over, and children under 16 years of age. For 1909 the percentages have been computed from the returns for a representative day in the man- ner described on page 452; for the other two years the bases of calculation are average numbers computed for the year from the returns made for each month. Table 17 PER CENT or AVERAGE NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS. DIVISION AND STATE. 16 years of age and over. Under 16 of age years Male. Female. 1909 1904 1899 1909 1901 1899 1909 1901 1899 TTnlted States 78.1 77.6 77.1 19.6 19.S 19.6 2.4 2.9 3.4 QEOGKApmc divisions: 69.1 73.3 84.0 83.1 78.0 87.4 93.6 94.3 90.4 69.1 73.9 83.8 83.6 76.4 85.9 92.6 93.6 88.6 68.4 73.3 84.4 83.4 74.7 86.2 91.3 94.4 85.5 27.9 24.7 14.5 15.4 15.6 9.5 4.7 5.1 8.9 28.0 23.5 14.5 14.2 17.0 9.7 5.5 5.2 10.3 28.7 23.4 13.2 13.6 17.4 9.0 6.4 4.2 12.6 3.0 2.0 1.5 1.5 6.3 3.1 1.7 0.6 0.7 2.9 2.7 1.7 2.3 7.6 4.3 1.9 1.3 1.2 2.9 3.3 2.4 3.0 7.9 4.8 2.4 Middle Atlantic . . East North Central West North Central East South Central West South Central Pacific 1 9 Net England: Maine 75.8 68.1 85.7 66.8 63.6 73.4 70.0 72.5 77.5 83.4 86.2 82.2 85.4 85.8 86.2 83.0 78.4 89.2 86.0 85.3 91.9 81.0 67.1 89.0 83.5 91.3 70.9 69.6 80.3 93.1 84.2 85.3 87.9 93.9 97.3 92.1 93.9 92.7 98.1 97.7 98.0 92.0 96.4 98.8 88.8 98.4 95.5 91.8 86.9 75.6 68.1 85.5 66.9 63.0 73.1 70.4 73.4 77.9 83.4 85.3 82.8 84.3 85.4 87.4 83.0 79.5 86.7 87.4 85.5 90.4 80.5 67.4 89.1 81.0 90.0 64.9 63.3 78.5 94.2 82.8 85.4 86.0 91.4 96.9 89.4 92.0 93.3 97.7 95.8 97.8 92.4 97.4 98.9 84.9 98.5 96.9 90.9 84.4 72.1 67.1 85.0 66.6 62.7 72.3 69.3 73.3 77.7 84.0 86.0 82.6 86.2 86.0 88.5 83.1 78.1 90.7 91.4 86.9 89.9 79.8 65.5 87.1 79.5 89.0 65.0 61.9 80.4 94.8 84.1 85.1 87.0 90.8 96.7 85.0 94.7 93.2 98.1 96.5 98.5 93.4 96.5 98.0 86.1 95.4 97.2 90.4 79.7 22.5 30.4 13.7 29.6 32.3 24.0 29.2 26.2 19.2 15.4 11.9 16.3 13.5 11.8 13.5 15.3 19.1 8.7 12.7 13.8 7.5 16.5 26.8 10.7 13.1 7.1 17.8 17.5 13.9 5.2 14.5 11.3 7.0 4.0 1.5 5.9 5.1 5.5 1.6 1.9 1.6 7.5 2.0 0.6 10.2 1.2 4.1 7.8 12.2 22.4 30.5 13.8 30.1 31.6 24.5 28.6 23.6 17.6 15.2 12.5 15.9 13.8 11.9 12.1 14.8 17.1 11.3 11.2 12.5 7.6 16.0 26.7 9.7 14.9 7.4 21.4 20.2 13.6 5.0 13.9 10.9 7.3 5.3 1.5 8.2 6.0 5.1 1.6 2.9 1.8 6.2 1.5 0.7 12.6 1.0 2.9 8.0 14.0 24.8 30.4 14.1 30.6 31.6 25.6 29.0 23.1 17.4 14.7 11.4 14.4 12.2 9.9 10.4 12.9 18.5 6.8 3.6 9.2 7.2 16.1 28.6 11.7 14.9 8.5 20.9 20.1 12.1 4.3 11.8 10.6 6.6 5.4 1.3 12.3 3.2 4.4 0.9 2.1 0.7 5.5 2.4 0.9 10.7 1.2 2.0 7.7 17.9 1.7 1.5 0.6 3.6 4.1 2.6 0.8 2.3 3.3 1.2 1.9 1.5 1.1 2.3 0.4 1.7 2.5 2.0 1.3 0.9 0.5 2.5 6.1 0.2 3.4 1.6 11.3 12.9 5.8 1.6 1.3 3.3 5.1 2.1 1.2 2.0 0.9 1.8 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.6 1.6 0.6 0.9 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.9 2.0 1.5 0.7 3.0 5.4 2.4 0.9 3.0 4.5 1.4 2.2 1.3 1.9 2.7 0.5 2.2 3.4 2.0 1.3 2.0 2.0 3.5 5.9 1.2 4.0 2.6 13.6 16.4 7.9 0.8 3.3 3.6 6.6 3.3 1.6 2.4 2.0 1.7 0.7 1.3 0.4 1.4 1.1 0.4 2.4 0.5 0.2 1.1 1.6 3 1 New Hampshire. 2 4 Massachusetts 2.8 5.7 Connecticut Middle Atlantic: New York 2.1 1.7 3.7 PennsylvMiia 4.9 East Nobth Centbal: Ohio 1.3 Indiana 2.5 3.0 Michigan Wisconsin 1.6 4.0 West North Central: Minnesota 1.1 4.0 Missouri 3.5 North Dakota South Dakota Nebraska Kansas South Atlantic: 2.6 4.9 3.9 2.9 4.1 Maryland 6.0 District ol Columbia 1.2 5.5 West Virginia 2.4 North Carolina 14.1 18. fl 7.5 Florida 0.9 East South Centeal: Kentucky Tennessee 4.2 4.3 6.5 3.8 West South Central: 2.0 2.V 2.1 2.4 Mountain: Montana 1.1 1.4 New Mexico Arizona Utah 0.7 1.0 1.0 1.1 3.2 3.4 Pacific: 0.8 1.9 In every geographic division except New England, children under 16 years of age constituted a smaller proportion of the average number of wage earners in 1909 than in 1899, while the proportion in New Eng- land rose slightly, wholly on account of increased proportions in Massachusetts and Connecticut. The proportion of children decreased during the decade in all but five of the states, the exceptions being Massa- chusetts, Connecticut, Maryland (where there was very little change), Florida, and New Mexico. In the Mid- dle Atlantic, East North Central, West North Central, East South Central, and Mountain divisions women 16 years of age or over represented a larger proportion of the total in 1909 than in 1899, but in the other divisions they constituted a somewhat smaller pro- portion. Most of the individual states show com- paratively Uttle change in the proportion of women, the most conspicuous increases being in certain states where the manufacturing industries are still compara- tively undeveloped, such as South Dakota and Ne- braska. Marked decreases in the proportion of women took place in Louisiana and California. Wage earners employed, by months. — The following table gives the number of wage earners employed on the 15th of each month during the year 1909 for all industries combined. For purposes of comparison figures for 1904 are also given, but these are on a slightly different basis, since at that census each estab- lishment was asked to report the average number employed for each month rather than the number employed on a specified day of each month. Vable 18 January... February.. March April May June July August September. October. . . November, December. WAGE EARNERS IN ALL MANUFACTURINa INDUSTRIES. 1 Number. 1909 6,210,063 6,297,627 6,423,517 6,437,633 6,457,279 6,517,469 6,486,676 6,656,933 6,898,765 6,997,090 7,006,853 6,990,652 1904 262, 472 330,471 450,736 493,343 512,373 463,804 323,966 420,618 608,412 676,920 587,028 490, 453 Per cent of maximum. 1909 88.6 89.9 91.7 91.9 92.2 93.0 92.6 95.0 98.5 99.9 100.0 99.8 1904 92.7 93.9 96.0 96. S 97.1 96.2 93.8 95.5 98.8 lOO.O 98.4 96.7 1 The numbers for 1909 represent the number employed on the 15th of each month, or the nearest representative day; those for 1904, the average number em- ployed during each month. In 1909 the largest number of wage earners, 7,006,853, was employed in November, and the smallest number, 6,210,063, in January, this number being equal to 88.6 per cent of the maximum. In 1904 the largest num- ber was employed in October and the smallest number in January, the minimum representing 92.7 per cent of the maximum. In 1909 a fairly constant increase in employment was shown from January to November, except that the number employed in July was a little lower than in June. The figures for employment by months for all indus- tries combined fail to show fully the variations in employment, since a variation in one direction in one industry may be offset by a variation in the opposite direction in another industry. Except for distinctly 460 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— MANUFACTURES. seasonal industries, however, the employment in most of the important industries of the country appears to have been comparatively steady throughout the year 1909. The foUoAving table shows the amount of varia- tion in certain industries. It gives (1) the 14 industries which reported the largest average number of wage earners, including all reporting 100,000 or more, and (2) the 12 industries which show the greatest variations in employment, including all (except one or two em- ploying less than 1,000 wage earners each) in which the number for the month of least activity is less than one-half that for the month of greatest activity. \ Table 19 PHncvpal itidustries. Lumber and timber products. Foundry and macnine-sliop products , Cotton goods, including cotton small wares , Cars and general shop con- struction and repaurs by steam-railroad com|)ames . . Printing and publishmg Iron and steel, steel works and rolling mills Clothing, men's, including shirts Boots and shoes, including cut stock and findings Woolen, worsted, and felt goods, and wool hats Tobacco manufactures Clothing, women's Hosiery and knit goods Furniture and refrigerators. . . Bread and other bakery prod- ucts Znduetries sliowing large variation. Brick and tile Canning and preserving Fertilizers Oil, cottonseed, and cake Ice, manufaotored Artificial stone Hats, straw Beet sugar Sugar and molasses Vinegar and cider Grindstones Rice, cleaning and polishing. . WAGE EAENEES. Average number. 695,019 531,011 378,880 282, 174 258,434 240,076 239,696 198,297 168,722 166,810 153,743 129,275 128,452 100,216 18,310 17,071 16, 114 9,957 8,814 7,204 4,127 1,642 1,394 1,239 Maximum number. Month, Number. Nov.. Deo.. Dec.. Dec. Deo.. Dec.. Dec.. Dec.. Nov.. Dec.. Oct.. Nov.. Nov.. Oct.. July.. Sept.. Mar.. Nov.. July.. Aug.. Mar.. Nov.. Nov.. Oct.. May.. Oct.. Month. 739, 160 597,234 383,529 301,538 269,884 283,629 251,349 207,452 173,943 176,369 167,625 134,640 136,615 102,770 104,930 164,800 29,310 29,334 22,872 12,884 11,488 16,807 15,761 3,464 1,666 2,017 Minimum number. Number. Jan... Jan.... Jan... May.. July.. Mar... Jan.... May... Jan Jan.... July... Jan Jan Jan..., Jan Jan July... July... Jan Jan July. Feb. Feb... Mar.. Jan... July... Per cent of maxi- mum. 649,239 482,080 374,433 268,700 251,767 215,076 230,650 190,382 158,318 161,663 135,034 123,308 120,524 96,639 38,312 19,998 14,264 5,174 9,847 4,856 4,700 2,206 559 886 795 436 87.8 80.7 97.6 89.1 93.3 75.8 91.8 91.8 91.0 91.6 91.7 88.2 94.0 36.6 12.9 48.7 17.6 43.1 37.7 40,9 13.1 3.6 25.6 47.7 21.6 Considering first the principal industries, it will be seen that the greatest regularity of employment was in the manufacture of cotton goods, in which the number employed during the month of least activity, January, was equal to 97.6 per cent of the number employed in the month of greatest activity, Decem- ber. Other industries m which the number for the month of least activity was more than 90 per cent of the number for the month of greatest activity are the manufacture of boots and shoes, bakeries, the men's clothing industry, the tobacco-products industry, the manufacture of woolen goods and of hosiery and knit goods, and printing and publishing. Among the princi- pal industries the greatest variation appears in the steel works and rolling mills, in which the number employed during March, the month of least activity, was only_ 75.8 per cent of the number employed during Decem- ber, the month of greatest activity. The women's clothing and foundry and machine shop industries also show a comparatively large degree of variation in the number employed. The lumber industry, as already stated, includes logging camps as well as sawmills, and also includes planing mills and wooden packing-box factories. The variation in employment in all of these branches taken together for the country as a whole is not very great, the number employed during the month of least activity being 87.8 per cent of the number employed during the month of greatest activity. For the log- ging camps alone, however, there is greater variation, the number employed during July, 170,587, being only 76.6 per cent of the number employed in December, which was 222,564. Furthermore, since in different sections of the country the active season in" the woods covers different months, if the operations of the logging camps in each geographic division are considered sep- arately, a much wider variation appears in the number employed, this being particularly true in the Northern states. There are a number of industries which are con- spicuously seasonal in character. In the case of some of these the weather will not permit work except at certain seasons, and in others the raw material used is available only at certain seasons and must be handled immediately, while in the case of the remainder the demand for the products is conspicuously seasonal- The most variable large industry is canning and pre- serving, which naturally is confined mainly to the period at which fruits and vegetables are harvested. The industry includes the canning and preserving of fish and oysters, which is carried on in the winter months ; if this were excluded there would necessarily" be a much greater variation in the numbers employed. In this industry the number employed during Janu- ary, the month of least activity, formed only 12.9 per cent of the number employed during September. STATES, CITIES, AND INDUSTRIES. 461 CHARACTER OF OWNERSHIP. Summary for United States. — The table that follows has for its purpose the presentation of conditions in respect to the character of ownership, or legal organi- zation, of manufacturing enterprises. Comparative figures are given, covering aU industries combined, for the censuses of 1909 and 1904. Similar data for 1899 are not available. Table 20 CHABACTEB OF OWNEE3HIP. Number of estab- lish- ments. Average number of wage earners. Value of pftducts. Value added by manu- facture. All Classes: 1909 268,491 216,180 6,615,048 6,468,383 26 26 S20,e72,061,870 14,793,902,663 76,993 68,433 $8,529,260,992 1904 6,293,694,763 31,767 Average per es- tabllsbment— 1909 1904 29,118 llndividual: 1909 140,605 113,946 804,883 755,923 6 7 794,836 841,242 15 18 5,002,393 3,862,698 72 76 12,934 8,620 3 3 2,042,061,600 1,702,830,624 14,523 14,944 2,184,107,632 2,132,536,604 40,249 44,489 16,341,116,634 10,904,069,307 235,121 213,399 104,766,104 64,466,028 25,429 17,005 968,824,072 1904... 824,292,887 Average per ment— 1909 Bstablisti- 6,890 1904... 7,234 Tirm: 1909 54,265 47,934 951,383,741 1904 930,143,823 Average per ment— 1909... . establish- 17,532 1904 19,405 'Corporation: 1909 69,501 61,097 6,582,207,117 1904 4,626,055,153 Average per ment— 1909 eatablish- 94,721 1904 88,578 •Other: 1909 4,120 3,203 26,846,062 1904 13,202,890 Average per ment— 1909 establish- 6,516 1904 4,122 Per cent of total— 1909 100.0 100.0 52.4 52.7 20.2 22.2 26.9 23.6 1.5 1.5 100.0 100.0 12.2 13.8 12.0 16.4 75.6 70.6 0.2 0.2 100.0 100.0 9.9 11.5 10.6 14.4 79.0 73.7 0.5 0.4 100.0 1904 100.0 Individual: 1909 11.4 1904 13.1 Tirm: 1909 11.2 1904 14.8 tCorporation: 1909 77.2 1904 71.9 Othe : 1909 0.3 1904 0.2 The most important distinction shown is that be- tween corporate and all other forms of ownership. Of the total number of establishments reported as en- gaged in manufacturing industries in 1909, 25.9 per ■cent were under corporate ownership. The corre- sponding figure for 1904 was 23.6 per cent. While cor- porations thus controlled only about one-fourth of the total number of estabhshments, they gave employ- ment to a large proportion of all wage earners reported, namely, 75.6 per cent in 1909 and 70.6 per cent in 1904. The value of the products of the factories operated by corporations represented 79 per cent of the total value of products for all establishments in 1909 and 73.7 per cent in 1904. These figures show that even during this short period of five years the corporate form of ownership increased so greatly that it represented an appreciably larger proportion of the manufacturing interests of the country in 1909 than in 1904. Partnerships (including limited partnerships) con- trolled about one-fifth of the total number of manu- facturing estabhshments in 1909, and individuals rather more than one-half of the total number. These two classes of establishments were about equal in vol- ume of business, each reporting in the neighborhood of one-eighth of the total number of wage earners and one-tenth of the total value of products in 1909. Dur- ing the five years from 1904 to 1909 partnerships lost ground, relatively, to a greater degree than indi- vidual ownership, presumably because of the incor- poration of many concerns previously operated by firms. In 1909 there were 4,120 estabhshments operated by cooperative companies and other miscellaneous forms of ownership that could not be classified as indi- vidual, firm, or corporate ownership. These estabhsh- ments gave employment to only two-tenths of 1 per cent of the wage earners, and the value of their prod- ucts was only five-tenths of 1 per cent of the total value reported for all establishments. From 1904 to 1909 the average number of wage earners per establishment decreased for all three prin- cipal classes of ownership, while the average value of products per establishment decreased for the estab- lishments under individual and firm ownership but in- creased for corporate ownership. Proportion of business done by corporations in the principal industries: 1909 and 1904. — Table 21, on the following page, shows, for the principal industries, the number of manufacturing establishments operated by corporations in 1909 and 1904, and the percentage which they represent of the entire number of estabhsh- ments; also the value of the manufactured products made in estabhshments under corporate ownership and the percentage which this represents of the total value. The figures as to total value, on which the percentages are based, wiU be found in Table 110. Two important industries, the repair shops of steam railroads and the smelting and refining of copper, are not shown separately in this table, as to do so would disclose the operations of individual establishments. This table shows that in industries where a large investment in plant and machinery is necessary to the proper conduct of the business, the estabhsh- ments are as a rule operated by corporations, it being easier under this form of ownership to obtain the necessary capital. AU of the estabhshments en- gaged in the smelting and refining of lead in 1909 were operated by corporations, and more than 90 per cent of the blast furnaces, steel works and rolhng miUs, cottonseed-oil mills, and establishments manufactur- ing steam-railroad cars were under this form of ownership. The general tendency has been toward an increase in the proportion of the estabhshments operated by corporations, and 35 of the 41 selected 462 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— MANUFACTURES. industries show an increase in this respect. In 24 of the 41 selected industries, less than 50 per cent of the establishments were operated by corporations. As a rule corporations control a much larger pro- portion of the output of manufactures than they do of the number of estabhshments. In 16 of the 41 indus- tries the value of the products reported by corporations formed in 1909 more than 90 per cent of the value reported for all establishments, and in all but 5 of th& industries the corporations reported more than 50 per cent of the total value of products. In only 1 of the selected industries, the manufacture of women'* clothing, did the proportion of the total value of prod- ucts reported by corporations fall as low as one-fourth. In this industry it formed only 23.6 per cent of th& total value reported for 1909. Table 21 All indnstiles Agricultural implements Automobiles, includmg bodies and parts Boots and shoes, including cut stock and findings Brass and bronze products Bread and otner bakery products Butter, cheese, and condensed milk Canning and preserving Carriages and (vagons and materials Cars, steam-railroad, not including operations of railroad companies Chemicals Clothing, men's, including shirts Clothing, women's Conlectionery Copper, tin, and sheet-iron products Cotton goods, including cotton small wares Electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies Flour-mill and gristmill products Foundry and machine-shop products Furniture and refrigerators Gas, illuminating and heating Hosiery aiid knit goods Iron and steel, blast furnaces Iron and steel, steel works and rolling mills Leather goods Leather, tanned, curried, and finished Liquors, distilled Liquors, malt Lumber and timber products Marble and stone work ^ Oil, cottonseed, and cake Paint and varnish Paper and wood pulp Patent medicines and compounds and druggists' prep- arations Petroleum, refining Printing and publishing Silk and silk goods, including throwsters Slaughtering and meat packing Smelting and refining, lead Sugar and molasses, not including beet sugar Tobacco manufactures Woolen, worsted, and felt goods, and wool hats All other industries NUMBER or ESTABLISHMENTS. Total. 1909 268, t91 640 743 1,918 1,021 23,926 8,479 3,767 5,492 110 349 6,354 4,558 1,944 4,228 1,324 1,009 11, 691 13,253 3,155 1,296 1,374 208 446 2,375 919 613 1,414 40, 671 4,964 817 791 777 3,642 147 31,445 852 1,W1 28 233 15,822 985 63, 070 1904 216,180 648 178 1,895 813 18,226 8,926 3,168 5,588 73 275 5,145 3,351 1,348 2,540 1,164 784 10,051 10,765 2,593 1,019 1,144 190 415 1,918 1,049 805 1,530 26,153 2,608 715 639 761 2,777 27, 793 624 1,221 32 344 16, 827 1,074 49,923 Operated by corporations. Number. 1909 1901 69,601 349 478 734 417 1,313 1,167 884 104 266 824 583 695 1,034 1,113 720 2,271 6,408 1,499 1,091 651 195 424 669 454 229 996 6,969 811 766 626 633 1,610 131 7,184 468 488 28 114 722 578 22,277 £1,087 327 113 661 271 483 1,385 940 806 67 207 638 319 384 691 922 524 1,732 4,642 1,128 931 476 182 385 403 391 17S 930 4,900 467 677 360 687 1,161 83 6,364 316 298 28 112 563 518 16, 958 Per cent of total. 1909 1904 2S.9 64.6 64.3 38.3 40.8 3.5 15.5 31.0 16.1 94.5 76.2 13.0 12.8 30.6 24.5 84.1 71.4 19.4 48.4 47.5 84.2 47.4 93.8 95.1 24.0 49.4 37.4 70.4 17.1 16.3 92.5 66.5 81.5 44.2 89.1 22.8 54.9 29.7 100.0 48.9 4.6 68.7 35.3 23.6 50.6 63.6 29.6 33.3 2.6 15.5 29.7 14.4 91.8 76.3 10.6 9.6 28.5 23.3 79.9 66.8 17.2 42.2 43.5 91.4 41.6 95.8 92.8 21.0 37.3 22.1 60.8 19.6 17.9 94.7 56.3 77.1 41.8 84.7 19.3 50.6 24.4 87.5 32.6 3.3 48.2 32.0 VALUE OF PBODUCTS OF ESTABLISHMENTS OPEEATED BY COBFOEATIONS. Amount. 1909 $16,341,116,634 140,663,575 235,802,964 365, 716, 678 134,981,702 140,238,713 113,493,555 116,496,603 109,348,007 120,486,355 115,290,377 187, 167, 188 90,696,932 96,821,996 149,640,465 698, 770, 236 213,088,053 588, 189, 883 1,082,715,968 192,097,264 165, 108, 639 142,021,832 386,361,866 980,546,617 61,527,700 260,296,374 180, 427, 167 338,480,960 793,810,129 54,859,987 141,730,982 106,349,811 248,435,331 111,493,887 232,639,969 616,400,736 134,495,867 1,216,428,015 167, 406, 660 266,895,127 277, 102, 771 363,283,846 4, 425, 406, 968 {10,904,069,307 105,325,880 26,454,851 210,493,693 89,004,043 86, 696, 177 61,309,538 78,308,836 96,894,926 109,079,572 65,786,129 46,168,946 62,802,483 80,398,170 417,926,307 133,777,339 429,736,098 724,924,320 128,051,459 123,788,392 226,518,168 666,630,620 39,869,146 168,736,461 116,399,668 263,219,137 536,795,071 93,817,578 75, 473, 279 169,665,695 81,831,451 169,648,602 368, 729, 392 92, 403, 120 793,971,346 185,366,977 223,854,504 188,186,069 239,816,937 1,136,410,027 Per cent of total. 1909 79.0 96.1 94.6 71.3 90.0 35.3 41.3 74.2 68.4 97.4 98.0 32.9 23.6 71.8 74.9 95.3 96.3 66.6 88.1 80.1 99.0 71.0 98.7 99.5 68.8 76.3 88.1 90.3 68.7 48.5 95.8 85.2 92.8 78.5 98.1 70.0 68.3 88.7 100.0 91.6 66.6 1904 78.7- 94.0' 88.1 68.8- 86.9- 32.1 36.5 60.0' 62.2- 98.1 S7.5 18.6- 60.6 67.0 92.8 95.0 60.3 82.3 72.0 97.7 98.9- 48.6 66. S 88.7 88.2- 60.7 83.1 89.9- 69.7 96.9' 66.7 69.3 86.1 99. 8' 80.7 66.8 75.1 83.3. Proportion of business done by corporations, by states : 1909 and 1904. — Table 22 shows, for the geo- graphic divisions and for each state, the number of manufacturing estabhshments operated by corpora- tions in 1909 and 1904, and the percentage which they represent of the entire number of estabhshments; also the value of the manufactured products made in estabhshments under corporate ownership, and the percentage which this represents of the total value. The figures as to total value for each of the states, on which the percentages are based, wiU be found in Table 111. STATES, CITIES, AND INDUSTRIES. 463 Table 22 DIVISION AND STATE. ITnlted States Geogbaphic divisions; New England Middle Atlantic East North Central. . . West North Central.. South Atlantic East South Central . . . West South Central. . Mountain Pacific New England: Maine New Hampshire Vermont Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut Middle Atlantic: New York New Jersey Pennsylvania East Nobth Centbal: Ohio Indiana Illinois Michigan Wisconsin West North Central: Minnesota Iowa Missouri North Dakota South Dakota Nebraska Kansas South Atlantic: Delaware Maryland District of Columbia. . Virginia West Virginia Nsrth Carolina • South Carolina Georgia Florida East South Centbal: Kentucky Tennessee Alabama Mississippi West South Central: Arkansas Louisiana Oklahoma Texas Mountain: Montana Idaho Wyoming Colorado New Mexico Arizona Utah Nevada Paotic: Washington Oregon California NUMBER OP ESTABLISHUENTS. Total. 1909 268,491 25,351 81,315 60,013 27,171 28,088 15,381 12,339 5,254 13,679 3,646 1,961 1,968 11,684 1,951 4,251 44,936 8,817 27,663 15, 138 7,969 18,026 9,159 9,721 5,561 5,628 8,375 762 1,020 2,600 3,436 726 4,837 518 5,685 2,586 4,931 1,854 4,792 2,159 4,776 4,609 3,398 2,698 2,925 2,516 2,310 4,688 677 725 268 2,034 313 311 749 177 3,674 2,246 7,659 1904 216,180 22,279 67,699 51,764 21,492 19,664 10-, 311 8,279 3,610 11, 192 3,145 1,618 1,699 10,723 1,617 3,477 37,194 7,010 23,495 13,785 7,044 14,921 7,446 8,568 4,766 4,786 6,464 607 686 1,819 2,475 631 3,852 482 3,187 2,109 3,272 1,399 3,219 1,413 3,734 3,175 1,882 f 1,620 1,907 2,091 1,123 3,158 382 364 169 1,606 199 169 606 116 2,751 1,602 6,839 Operated by corporations. Number, 1909 1,601 7,300 17,785 17,756 6,649 6,765 3,558 3,403 1,743 4,643 861 424 372 3,483 669 1,501 9,346 2,660 6,880 5,123 2,363 5,209 2,638 2,422 1,326 1,317 2,447 133 216 487 723 202 873 122 1,099 813 1,339 664 1,262 601 1,147 1,068 788 555 640 910 601 1,362 203 200 168 . 698 196 1122 294 170 1,444 640 2,459 1904 51,097 6,572 12,460 14,093 4,816 4,820 2,672 2,298 1,114 3,252 671 338 309 2,555 612 1,187 6,086 1,834 4,640 4,008 1,915 4,145 2,044 1,981 922 1,041 1,847 81 112 359 464 1160 650 91 702 638 879 464 931 862 785 578 447 518 700 1242 839 118 106 166 478 153 71 203 34 926 409 1,917 Per cent of total. 1909 1904 26:9 28.8 21.9 29.6 24.5 24.1 23.1 27.6 33.3 33.5 24.3 21.6 19.0 29.8 33.8 35.3 20.8 29.0 21.3 29.7 28.9 28.8 24.9 23.8 23.8 29.2 17.7 21.2 19.6 21.0 27.8 18.0 23.6 19.3 31.4 27.2 30.4 26.1 23.2 24.0 23.2 23.2 21.4 21.9 36.2 21.7 29.5 30.0 27.6 25.0 34.3 30.4 38.6 39.3 37.8 39.3 28.5 32.1 23.6 26.0 18.4 27.2 22.4 24.7 25.9 27.8 30.9 29.1 21.3 20.9 18.2 23.8 31.7 34.1 16.4 26.2 19.3 29.1 27.2 27.8 27.4 23.1 19.4 21.8 28.6 16.0 16.3 19.7 18.3 25.0 16.9 18.9 22.0 30.3 26.9 33.2 28.9 21.7 23.1 24.7 30.7 29.4 27.2 33.5 21.5 26.6 30.9 28.8 32.0 29.8 26.6 42.0 33.6 29.6 33.7 26.6 28.0 VALUE OF PRODUCTS OF ESTABLISHMENTS OPERATED BY CORPORATIONS. Amount. 1909 $16,341,116,634 2, 173 6,133, 4,434; 1,613, 1,059, 494, 609, 328, 696, 070,560 389,739 329,994 683,331 302,614 623, 131 339,325 662,061 018,111 136,156,276 126,642,602 42,641,040 1,182,936,652 243,426,998 441,267,987 2,108,026,670 971,904,631 2,053,468,538 1,249,778,444 495,670,090 1,646,618,916 671, 102, 107 471,360,437 330,924,667 189,182,389 508,761,173 13,686,608 9,870,131 176,621,402 285,637,061 36,071,988 207,102,289 16,6*4,835 163,780,071 140,385,264 182,140,664 102,403,671 165,057,980 45,815,862 178,650,245 133,760,638 123,502,394 58,719,964 66,585,992 183,303,633 39,390,339 231,059,361 68,458,197 16,982,034 14,664,800 116,991,643 16,253,689 148,305,675 56,234,329 110,761,784 185,171,876 70,781,269 439,064,967 1904 $10,904,069,307 1,509, 3,417, 2,913, 1,044, 701, 349, 315, 230, 423, 457,641 242,344 000,832 005,587 634,367 227,144 236,430 401,412 992,769 101,575,164 88,159,093 36,373,692 810,543,002 158,322,601 314,484,099 1,396,924,211 617,236,276 1,403,081,857 777,392,416 317,481,228 1,179,028,840 328,186,766 310,912,692 234,013,794 116,246,685 379,405,293 6,146,817 6,003,647 138,623,976 164,566,576 128,921,912 147,744,248 10,150,928 109,546,390 78,961,063 113,510,110 70,493,378 114,976,572 127,239,766 117,046,726 97,286,799 92,725,327 42,169,292 38,724,917 138,977,223 117,401,144 120,133,146 63,369,703 6,136,137 12,761,358 89,377,091 1 4,645,600 27,135,784 34,765,530 2,220,209 103,215,882 40,034,288 280,742,589 Per cent of total. 1909 1904 79.0 81.4 71.9 85.1 83.9 76.7 78.6 81.4 90.3 82.4 77.3 76.9 62.4 79.4 62.6 84.8 78.2 86.9 85.6 86.8 83.4 79.8 80.8 73.0 88.6 71.0 55.2 88.2 87.9 68.3 66.6 66.4 74.5 86.7 84.1 90.4 81.4 62.9 79.8 74.2 84.6 72.9 74.2 81.8 73.4 84.7 93.4 75.8 74.6 90.0 79.2 96.1 90.7 90.5 76.1 82.9 73.7 74.6 66.5 80.8 81.3 72.0 75.2 75.9 90.6 76.9 70.5 71.3 57.7 72.1 78.3 85.2 56.1 79.7 71.7 80.9 80.6 83.6 76.5 75.6 76.0 72.4 86.3 50.4 45.9 89.5 83.0 70.3 60.7 55.3 73.6 79.7 79.6 88.8 76.1 64.2 73.3 70.5 84.9 73.4 71.9 74.6 71.1 79.8 95.4 70.0 78.1 89.2 81.4 96.6 80.1 72.1 76.5 1 Includes establishments operated under other forms of ownership, to avoid disclosing individual operations. There were eight of these establishments in 1909 1 seven in 1904 which were included in the total for geographic divisions but are not included in the total for the United States. and seven 464 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— MANUFACTURES. Table 22 shows that in most of the states in 1909 the number of manufacturing establishments owned by corporations represented between one-fifth and one-third of the total number of manufacturing estab- lishments. Vermont, North Dakota, Nebraska, Mary- land, and Virginia were the only states in which less than one-fifth of the establishments were owned by corporations, and Rhode Island, Connecticut, Ohio, Louisiana, and five states in the western part of the country were the only ones in which over one- third were under this form of ownership. In a large majority of the states the proportion of es- tablishments operated by corporations was larger in 1909 than Ln 1904, the exceptions being Nebraska, Virginia, South Carolina, Georgia, Tennessee, Ala^ bama, Mississippi, Arkansas, Montana, Idaho, Wyo- ming, and Arizona. In most of the states between three-fifths and nine- tenths of the total value of manufactured products in 1909 was reported by establishments under corporate ownership. The only state in which the proportion was less than three-fifths was South Dakota, while in Connecticut, South Carolina, Montana, Colorado, Ari- zona, Utah, and Nevada the proportion was nine- tenths or more. Among the great manufacturing, states. New York is conspicuous for the comparatively small proportion, 62.6 per cent, of the value of its prod- ucts contributed by this class of establishments. In almost every state a larger percentage of the total value of products was reported by such establishments in 1909 than in 1904, thus indicating that the tendency toward the incorporation of manufacturing concerns, particularly the larger concerns, is general and to a considerable degree independent of variations in state legislation regarding corporations. The only states in which the proportion of the total value produced by corporations was less in 1909 than in 1904 are Nebraska, Delaware, Alabama, Mississippi, Montana, Wyoming, New Mexico, and Arizona, and the difference in each case was slight. SIZE OF ESTABLISHMENTS. Summary for United States. — The tendency for manufacturing to become concentrated in large estab- lishments, or the reverse, is a matter of interest from the standpoint of industrial organization. In order to throw some light upon it. Table 23 groups the estabhshments in aU industries combined according to the value of their products, and shows for each group, for 1909 and 1904, the number of wage earners, value of products, and value added by manufacture, together with the percentage of the respective totals represented by each group. It also gives the average size of estabhshments as measured by these three items; the changes in this average are, however, much less significant than the changes in the percentages for the several groups. Of the 268,491 establishments reported as engaged in manufacturing industries in 1909, there were 3,060, or 1.1 per cent, whose products were valued at more than $1,000,000 each. The corresponding figures for 1904 were 1,900 establishments out of 216,180, or nine-tenths of 1 per cent. WhUe these establishments represented a comparatively small proportion of the total number of establishments, they gave employment to a much larger proportion of all the wage earners reported, namely, 30.5 per cent in 1909 and 25.6 per cent in 1904. The value of products of such estab- lishments represented 43.8 per cent of the total value of products in 1909 and 38 per cent in 1904. The figures indicate that establishments of this class produced a considerably larger proportion of the manu- factures of the country in 1909 than in 1904. It should be noted that the increased proportion is due partly to the fact that certain establishments included in the other groups in 1904 were included in this group in 1909 as the result of an increase in the value of their output. Table Z3 VALVE OF PRODUCTS. Number of estab- lish- ments. Average number of wage earners. Value of products. Value added by manu- facture. All classes: 1909 268,491 216,180 6,615,046 5,468,383 $20,672,051,870 14,793,902,563 $8,529,260,992 6,293,694,763 1904 Less than $6,000: 1909.. 93,349 71,147 86,988 72,791 57,270 48,096 27,824 22,246 3,060 1,900 142,430 106,363 470,006 419,466 1,090,449 1,027,047 2,896,532 2,515,064 2,015,629 1,400,453 222,463,847 176,128,212 904,646,664 751,047,759 2,544,426,711 2,129,257,883 7,946,936,255 6,109,012,638 9,053,580,393 6,628,456,171 144,246,008 114,781,124 509,907,934 424,129,643 1,258,317,991 1,090,271,887 3,572,746,038 2,782,641,883 3,044,043,021 1,881,870,216 1904 $5,000 and less than $20,000: 1909 1904 $20,000 and less than $100,000: 1909 1904 $100,000 and less than $1,000,000: 1909 1904 $1,000,000 and over: 1909 1904 Per cent of total: 1909... 100.0 100.0 34.8 32.9 32.4 33.7 21.3 22.2 10.4 10.3 1.1 0.9 100.0 100. 2.2 1.9 7.1 7.7 16.5 18.8 43.8 46.0 30.5 25.6 25 25 100.0 100.0 1.1 1.2 4.4 6.1 12,3 14.4 38.4 41.3 43.8 38.0 $76,993 68,433 100 1904 .100.0 Less than $5,000: 1909 1904 1.8 $5,000 and less than $20,000 : 1909 1904... 6 7 $20,000 and less than $100,000: 1909 14.8 , 17.3 41.9 1904.^ $100,000 and less than $1,000,000: 1909 1904 $1,000,000 and over: 1909... 36.7 1904 Average per estab- lishment: 1909 $31,767 29,113 1904 In 1909 establishments with a product valued be- tween $100,000 and $1,000,000, gave employment to 43.8 per cent of the wage earners, and the value of their products formed 38.4 per cent of the total. Estabhsh- ments with a product valued between $20,000 and $100,000 gave employment to about one-sixth of the wage earners, and the value of their products formed about one-eighth of the total. The establishments which STATES, CITIES, AND INDUSTRIES. 465 had a product valued between $5,000 and $20,000, con- stituted about one-third of the whole number, but gave employment to only 7.1 per cent of the wage earners, and the value of their products formed only 4.4 per cent of the total. EstabUshments that had a product in 1909 valued at less than $5,000 also formed about one- third of the total number, but they gave employment to only 2.2 per cent of the wage earners and turned out products whose value amounted to only 1.1 per cent of the total. In this class of establishments a large proportion of the work was done by the proprietors and firm members. Of the five classes designated, the class of establish- ments with products valued at $1,000,000 or over is the only one that reported a larger proportion of the total value of products in 1909 than in 1904, every other class having lost relatively. The same state- ment is true as to the number of wage earners, except that the establishments of smallest size, as well as those of largest size, have gained somewhat in their proportion of the total number employed. During the five years 1904-1909 the average value of products per establishment increased from $68,433 to $76,993, and the average value added by manu- facture from $29,113 to $31,767. These changes can scarcely be taken as ia themselves indicating a tend- ency toward concentration, as the increased values shown are due in part to the increase that has taken place in the prices of commodities. The average num- ber of wage earners per establishment was the same at the two censuses, namely, 25. Relative importance of large establishments in the principal industries: 1909 and 1904. — ^The following table shows for the principal industries of the United States, for 1909 and 1904, the number of estab- lishments manufacturing products to the value of $1,000,000 or more, and the percentage which such establishments represent of the total number of estab- lishments; also the value of products made by estab- lishments of this class and the proportion which that value represents of the total for all estabhshments in the industry. Table 24 NUUBEB or ESTABLISHMENTS. Total. 1904 Reporting products valued at $1,000,000 or oyer. Number. Per cent ol total. 1909 1904 1909 1904 VALUE OF FEODIICTS OF ESTABLISHUENTS BEPOBT- mO PBODUCTS VALtlED AT $1,000,000 OB OVEK. Amount. 1904 Per cent of total. 1909 1904 All industries. Agricultural implements Automobiles, including bodies and parts Boots and shoes, including cut stock and findings. Brass and bronze products Bread and other bakery products Butter, cheese, and condensed milk Canning and preserving Carriages and wagons and materials Cars and general shop construction and repairs by steam- railroad companies Cars, steam-raUroad, not including operations of railroad com- panies Chemicals Clothing, men's, including shirts Clothing, women's Confectionery Copper, tin, and sheet-iron products Cotton goods, including cotton small wares Electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies.. Plour-mill and gristmill products Foundry and machine-shop products Fimiitiu'e and refrigerators <3as, illuminating and heating Hosiery and knit goods Iron and steel, blast furnaces Iron and steel, steel works and rolling mills.. Leather, tanned, curried, and finished Liquors, distilled Liquors, malt Lumber and timber products. Oil, cottonseed, and cake Paint and varnish Paper and wood pulp - — - - - .•■•■, ;: — Patent medicines and compounds and druggists' preparations. Petroleum, refining Printing and publishing ■ — Silk and silk goods, including throwsters. Slaughtering and meat packmg Smelting and refining, copper Smelting and reflaiing, lead Tobacco manufactures - ,■.•,.■ Woolen, worsted, and felt goods, and wool hats . All other industries 268,491 640 743 1,918 1,021 23,926 8,479 3,767 6,492 1,145 110 349 6,354 4,558 1,944 4,228 1,324 1,009 11,691 13,253 3,155 1,296 1,374 208 446 919 613 1,414 40,671 817 791 777 3,642 147 31,445 852 1,641 38 28 15,822 985 69,459 216,180 178 1,895 813 18,226 3,168 5,588 1,140 73 275 5,145 3,351 1,348 2,540 1,154 784 10,051 10,765 2,593 1,019 1,144 190 415 1,049 805 1,530 25,153 715 761 2,777 98 27,793 624 1,221 40 32 16,827 1,074 53,613 3,060 34 66 135 24 21 94 31 84 22 12 27 163 31 138 180 11 28 26 86 186 78 39 67 72 17 26 50 19 35 74 37 166 729 1,900 27 10 162 "17 14 (') . 22 87 111 24 11 49 131 48 22 46 »26 16 30 S14 19 »43 23 UIO 31 18 43 63 456 1.1 5.3 7.5 7.0 2.4 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.2 8.2 22.7 1.3 0.5 0.6 0.6 12.3 3.1 1.2 1.4 0.3 2.2 1.8 41.3 41.7 8.5 6.4 4.7 0.2 2.1 3.3 6.4 0.5 23.8 0.2 4.3 10.1 84.2 75.0 0.4 8.7 1.0 0.9 4.2 6.6 3.3 2.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 6.0 34.2 6.5 1.1 0.3 0.4 0.6 8.6 2.8 0.9 1.0 0.3 2.4 1.0 25.8 31.6 4.6 2.7 3.0 0.1 1.3 2.5 3.9 0.5 19.4 0.2 3.7 9.0 77.5 66.2 0.3 6.9 0.8 $9,053,980,393 94,138,206 170,386,862 244,547,642 86,947,143 36,386,586 11,933,853 23,468,494 23,926,135 189,111,816 99,841,717 70,806,560 167,971,252 30,612,144 18,998,220 44,988,649 332,345,643 126,375,340 319,047,659 366,015,899 20,070,913 96,395,457 37,125,650 336,992,823 896,764,339 157,911,458 148,433,756 138,046,347 103,756,410 35,974,829 44, 109, 139 93,580,398 33,632,661 208,671,648 137,082,261 68,579,806 1,176,461,413 375,135,093 166,045,144 203,894,122 248,343,985 1,880,724,222 $5,628,456,171 58,479,820 13,996,669 1119,079,802 2 51,736,503 23,083,467 (1) 6,627,911 13,957,216 125,671,900 98,706,346 36,296,917 101,380,621 14,037,712 7,733,842 25,257,976 197,884,132 85,164,294 202,952,454 193,749,471 12,523,657 73,898,211 15,018,710 173,321,243 670,175,787 91,557,225 101,537,912 84,069,197 3 35,550,164 21,351,063 29,873,089 47,301,706 326,851,722 164,549,485 2 82,419,052 39,778,944 '773,222,036 238,328,190 181,011,667 123,000,821 135,993,881 1,242,336,558 1 The statistics for three establishments omitted, to avoid the disclosure of individual operations. 'The statistics for two establishments omitted, to avoid the disclosure of individual operations. 3 The statistics for one establishment omitted, to avoid the disclosure of individual operations. 43.8 64.3 68.4 47.7 67.3 9.2 4.3 14.9 15.0 60.2 29.6 8.0 14.1 22.5 52.9 57.1 36.1 29.0 8.4 57.8 18.5 85.8 91.0 48.2 72.6 36.8 9.0 24.3 35.3 35.0 23.7 88.0 18.6 34 8 85.8 99.0 99.2 48.9 57.0 37.2 38.0 52.2 46.6 33.3 60.5 4.3 9.0 40.6 48.3 24.9 5.7 8.9 21.1 43.9 60.5 28.5 22.0 7.0 59.0 11.0 74.8 84.6 36.2 77.4 28.2 4.0 22.1 32.9 25.1 22.9 14 9 29.8 83.9 99.0 97.4 37.1 42.6 33.9 72497°— 13- -30 466 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— MANUFACTURES. The total value of products for each industry as a whole, from which the percentages in the last two col- umns are calculated, appears in Table 110. Three important industries, the manufacture of leather goods, marble and stone work, and sugar and molasses, are not shown in the tabl6 in order to avoid the dis- closure of individual operations. While the gross value of products is in some respects not the best criterion of the relative importance of different industries or of different states or sections in respect to manufacturing business, it is a fairly satis- factory Standard for comparing different classes of estabhshments within the same industry. Table 24 shows, as might be expected, exceedingly wide varia- tion among the different industries in respect to the proportion of large estabhshments, and in respect to the proportion of the total value of products which is reported by such estabhshments. The industry in which estabhshments reporting products to the value of $1,000,000 or more constitute the largest propor- tion of the total number of establishments is the smelting and refining of copper, followed, in order, by the smelting and refining of lead, steel works and rolhng mills, blast furnaces, the refining of petroleum, and the construction of steam-railroad cars. In each of these industries in 1909 establishments of this class consti- tuted more than one-fifth of the total number, and in the smelting and refining of copper they constituted about five-sixths of the total. In these industries, moreover, estabhshments of this size reported exceptionally liigh proportions of the total value of products. The smelt- ing and refining of lead and of copper ranked highest in this respect, with 99.2 and 99 per cent, respectively, of the total value of products reported by estabhshments with avalue of products above $1,000,000. The slaugh- tering and meat-packing industry, also, though its pro- portion of large establishments is not conspicuously high, shows a very high proportion of the total value of products, 85.8 per cent, reported from such estab- lishments. On the other hand, there are a number of industries in which the smaller estabhshments predominate and in which only a very small proportion of the total value of products is contributed by establishments manufacturing products to the value of $1,000,000 or more. In the bakery, butter, cheese, and condensed- nailk, women's clothing, furniture, and lumber indus- tries the proportion of the total value of products reported by such estabhshments is less than 10 per cent, and there are several other industries of impor- tance in which the proportion is less than 20 per cent. In practically every industry named in the table the number of establishments manufacturing products to the value of $1,000,000 or more increased materially from 1904 to 1909, and constituted a larger proportion of the total number of estabhshments in the later year than in the earher. In the same way the value of the products of such estabhshments in nearly every indus- try constituted a larger proportion of the total value in 1909 than in 1904, the only exceptions being in the manufacture of electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies, the construction of railroad cars, the iUuminating-gas industry, the distillery industry, and the refining of petroleum. Relative importance of large establishments, by states : 1909 and 1904. — Table 25 presents, by states grouped according to geographic divisions, statistics showing the relative importance of the establishments having a product valued at $1,000,000 or over for the census years 1909 and 1904. Certain states are not shown separately, as to do so would disclose indi- vidual operations. The differences among the several states with re- spect to the extent to which manufacturing is carried on in large establishments are dependent in part upon the character of the industries predominant in each state. It also depends in part upon the degree to which those industries have been developed; in those states in which manufactures are extensive the large estabhshments are hkely, other conditions being equal, to do a greater proportion of the manufacturing than in states where manufactures are relatively unimportant. The state in which establishments manufacturing products to the value of $1,000,000 or more represented the largest proportion of the total number of estab- lishments in 1909 was Rhode Island, with 3.5 per cent, followed by Arizona and Massachusetts, in the order named. The proportion in New York, the leading man- ufacturing state, was comparatively low, 1 per cent. There are several states in which such estabhshments represented only a small fraction of 1 per cent of the total number. In most of the states the large estabhshments con- tributed a very considerable proportion of the entire value of manufactured products. The state in which this proportion was the highest in 1909 is Arizona, with 84.1 per cent, followed by Nebraska, Montana, Kansas, New Jersey, Illinois, Utah, and Pennsylva- nia, in each of which states the products of establish- ments of this class represented more than one-half of the total value. The predominance of the smelting and refining of copper and lead in the Mountain states named, of the slaughtering and meat-packing industry in Kansas and Nebraska, of the slaughtering and the iron and steel industries in Illinois, of the iron and steel industry in Pennsylvania, and of the smelting and refin- ing of copper and the refining of petroleum in New Jersey serve in a large measure to explain these high STATES, CITIES, AND INDUSTRIES. 467 percentages. In New York, the most important manu- facturing state, 37 per cent of the total value of products was reported by establishments of the class under con- sideration, this comparatively low percentage being the result in part of the great magnitude in that state of the clothing industries, which are mostly conducted in small establishments. Of the states given in the table those in which the proportion of the total value of products reported by large establishments is less than 10 per cent are Oklahoma, Arkansas, and Florida. Table ZS NUMBEK OF ESTABLISHMENTS. VALTXE OF PRODUCTS OF ESTABLISHMENTS EEPOEHNQ PRODUCTS VALUED AT $1,000,000 OB OVER. STATE. Total. Reporting products valued at J1,000,000 or over. Amount. Per eent of total. Number. Percent of total., 1909 1904 1909 1904 1909 1904 1909 1904 1909 1904 United States 268,491 216,180 3,060 1,900 1.1 0.9 $9,053,580,393 $5,628,466,171 43.8 38.0 New England: Maine 3,546 1,961 1,958 11,684 1,961 4,261 44,935 8,817 27,663 15,138 7,969 18,026 9,159 9,721 5,561 5,628 8,375 2,600 3,435 726 4,837 518 5,685 2,586 4,931 1,854 4,792 2,159 4,776 4,609 3,398 2,925 2,616 2,310 4,588 677 2,034 311 749 3,674 2,246 7,659 5,853 3,146 1,618 1,699 10,723 1,617 3,477 37,194 7,010 23,495 13,785 7,044 14,921 7,446 8,558 4,756 4,786 6,464 1,819 2,476 631 3,862 482 3,187 2,109 3,272 1,399 3,219 1,413 3,734 3,175 1,882 1,907 2,091 1,123 3,158 382 1,606 169 606 2,751 1,602 6,839 3,560 25 34 4 293 69 93 470 194 400 245 92 273 88 86 65 29 94 17 34 7 41 3 26 33 22 17 18 4 29 17 22 4 23 4 36 6 20 9 7 20 8 71 8 17 20 6 191 41 65 294 121 284 136 45 168 41 58 39 11 68 9 21 9 34 "l5 14 9 13 10 0.7 1.7 0.2 2.5 3.5 2.2 1.0 2.2 1.5 1.6 1.2 1.5 1.0 0.9 1.2 0.6 1.1 0.7 1.0 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.5 1.3 0.4 0.9 0.4 0.2 0.6 0.4 0.6 0.1 0.9 0.2 0.8 0.9 1.0 2.9 0.9 0.6 0.4 0.9 0.1 0.6 1.2 0.4 1.8 2.6 1.9 0.8 1.7 1.2 1.0 0.6 1.1 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.2 1.1 0.6 0.8 1.4 0.9 67,250,905 80,784,016 7,195,281 719,811,362 135,285,206 241,662,068 1,245,968,072 649,848,742 1,331,111,312 666,243,771 272,679,094 1,078,746,101 258,341,090 228,084,707 198,507,729 95,585,315 271,595,930 137,133,162 204,385,280 16,892,803 124,686,041 5,012,734 69,124,982 62,481,895 58,668,316 24,887,694 34,064,085 4,456,669 62,164,920 30,567,045 42,048,999 6,443,673 75,417,605 4,884,270 102,054,306 49,871,216 58,645,700 42,276,901 33,100,176 42,379,727 14,398,817 202,103,929 17,938,958 32,815,822 45,369,694 8,476,069 458,142,511 80,055,916 157,691,418 816,099,837 384,853,547 901,539,525 331,726,477 134,974,371 766,157,389 100,138,469 124,948,292 132,541,419 41,089,284 189,336,764 110,013,438 114,177,287 13,711,604 96,606,842 (■) 34,071,439 25,154,989 30,411,650 17,817,606 20,664,194 32.5 49.1 10.6 48.3 48.3 49.3 37.0 56.7 50.7 46.3 47.1 56.2 37.7 38.6 48.5 36.9 47.3 68.9 62.9 32.0 39.5 19.8 26.9 38.6 27.1 22.0 16.8 6.1 27.8 17.0 28.8 7.3 33.7 9.1 37.4 68.1 45.1 84.1 53.4 19.2 15.5 38.2 10.8 22.8 New Hampshire 36.7 13.4 Massachusetts 40.8 39.6 Connecticut 42.7 Middle Atlantic: 32.8 New Jersey 49.7 46.1 East North Central: Ohio 34.5 Indiana 34.3 Illinois 53.5 Michigan 23.3 30.4 West North Central: 43.1 25.6 Missouri 43.1 71.0 'K'ftn.'ww,, 57.6 South Atlantic: Delaware 33.3 39.3 Virginia 0.5 0.7 0.3 0.9 0.3 22.9 West Virginia . . . 25.4 21.3 South Carolina 22.4 13.7 Eaot South Central: 17 11 14 (') 13 0.5 0.3 0.7 38,590,336 18,796,261 26,070,580 (0 54,118,186 242 13.6 23.0 West South Central: 0.6 29.0 17 6 16 7 5 13 5 31 6 0.5 1.6 1.0 4.1 0.8 0.6 0.3 0.6 0.2 39,030,054 52,545,498 60,670,463 22,761,981 20,978,066 28,001,570 7,873,317 105,272,449 8, 162, 677 25.9 Mountain: 79.1 60.6 81.0 Utah 63.9 Pacific: 21.7 14.2 28.7 8.0 I Excluded to avoid disclosures of individual establishments, but included in the total for the United States. s All other states embrace Idaho, Mississippi, Nevada, North Dakota, and Wyoming in 1909 and Arlmnsaa,- District of Columbia, Mississippi, and N^w Mexico in 1904. In a large majority of the states, establishments manufacturing products to the value of $1,000,000 or more represented a larger proportion of the total number of establishments in 1909 than in 1904, and reported a larger proportion of the total value of products in the later year than in the earlier. The only states where this was not true with respect to the value of products are Vermont, Delaware, South Carolina, Nebraska, Montana, Colorado, Utah, and Washington. 468 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— MANUFACTURES. Establishments grouped according to number of wage earners : 1909. — In some respects, and especially from the standpoint of conditions under which persons en- gaged in manufactures work, the best classification of establishments to bring out the feature of size is a classification according to the number of wage earners employed, which is shown by Table 26. Table 26 ESTABLISHMENTS EMPLOTINO— Total No wage earners 1 to 6 wage earners 6 to 20 wage earners 21 to SO wage earners 61 to 100 wage earners. . . 101 to 250 wage earners. . 251 to 500 wage earners . . 501 to 1,000 wage earners. Over 1,000 wage earners. ESTABLISHMENTS, WAGE EABNEKS, AND PER CENT OP TOTAL. Number of estab- lishments. 268,491 27,712 136,289 57,198 23,544 10.964 8,116 2,905 1,223 540 Average number of wage earners. 6,615,046 311, 640, 764, 782, 1,258, 1,006, 837, 1,013; Per cent of total. Estab- lish- ments. Wage earners. 100.0 10.3 50.8 21.3 8.8 4.1 3.0 1.1 0.5 0.2 100.0 4.7 9.7 11.6 11.8 19.0 15.2 12.7 15.3 Of the 268,491 establishments reported for aU in- dustries, 10.3 per cent employed no wage earners; 50.8 per cent, from 1 to 5; 21.3 per cent, 6 to 20; and 8.8 per cent, 21 to 50. The most numerous single group consists of the 136,289 estabhshments employing from 1 to 5 wage earners, and the next of the 57,198 estab- hshments employing from 6 to 20 wage earners. There were 4,668 establishments that reported the employment of over 250 wage earners ; 540 of these employed over 1,000. The single group having the largest number of wage earners was the group comprising the establishments employing from 101 to 250. This group employed 1,258,639 wage earners, or 19 per cent of the total number. Table 27 shows, for 1909, for all industries combined and for 43 radustries individually the number of estab- lishments and average number of wage earners, by groups, and the percentage of wage earners in each group for these industries. Table 27 All Industries Agricultural implements Automobiles, including bodies and parts Boots and shoes, including cut stoclc and findings Brass and bronze products Bread and other baliery products Butter, cheese, and condensed milk Caiming and preserving Carriages and wagons and materials Cars and general shop construction and repairs by steam-railroad companies. . Cars, steam-railroad, not including operations of railroad companies Chemicals Clothing, men's, including shirts Clothing, women's Confectionery Copper, tin, and sheet-iron products Cotton goods, including cotton small wares Electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies riour-mill and gristmill [products Foundry and machine-shop products. . . Furniture and refrigerators Gas, illuminating and heating Hosiery and Imit goods Iron and steel, blast furnaces Iron and steel, steel works and rolling mills Leather goods Leather, tanned, curried, and finished. . Liquors, distilled Liquors, malt Lumber and timber products Marble and stone work Oil, cottonseed, and cake Paint and varnish Paper and wood pulp Patent medicines and compounds and druggists' preparations Petroleum, refining Printing and publishing Silk and silk goods, including throwsters Slaughtering and meat packing Smelting and refining, copper Smelting and refining, lead Sugar and molasses 'robacco manufactures '. Woolen, worsted, and felt goods, and wool hats All other industries ESTABLISHMENTS EMPLOYING — Total. Estab- lish- ments. 268,491 640 743 1,918 1,021 23,926 8,479 3,767 6,492 1,145 110 349 6,354 4,558 1,944 4,228 1,324 1,009 11,691 13,253 3,155 1,296 1,374 446 2,375 919 613 1,414 40,671 4,964 817 791 777 3,642 147 31, 445 852 1,641 38 28 214 15,822 61,906 Wage earners (average number). 6,616,046 50,551 75, 721 198,297 40,618 100,216 18,431 59,968 69,928 282,174 43!; 086 23,714 239,696 153, 743 44,638 73,615 378,880 87,256 39,453 531,011 128,452 37,215 129, 275 38,429 240,076 34,907 62,202 6,430 64,679 695,019 65,603 17,071 14,240 75,078 22,895 13,929 268, 434 99,037 89,728 15,628 7,424 4,127 166,810 168,722 1,667,840 No wage earn- ers. Estab- lish- ments 27,712 40 12 49 66 3,643 1,025 92 440 11 191 68 136 183 22 1,849 108 31 264 38 1,051 6,940 3 30 4,501 Ito earners, Estab- lish- ments. 193, 487 372 393 717 19, 751 7,332 3,015 4,462 251 12 203 3,713 2,438 1,376 3,498 139 607 9,587 8,561 1,655 466 11 1,876 379 487 762 33,902 4,010 511 602 193 2,396 75 22,264 243 1,206 5 160 9,823 219 44,041 Wage earaeis. 952,497 2,067 2,716 6,176 4,421 60,112 12,634 17, 575 23,141 2,409 130 1,432 33, 185 23,813 7,194 17,636 1,418 3,988 26,023 64,963 11,569 4,811 4,386 125 287 9,818 2,664 1,798 7,078 186, 140 19, 650 5,703 3,073 2,231 8,193 718 93, 683 2,512 6,096 56 1,463 34,483 1,578 243,360 21 to 100 wage earners. Estab- lish- ments. 34, 608 133 638 174 426 115 671 484 310 36 88 2,046 1,764 313 407 406 243 239 2,902 1,106 180 621 78 94 333 350 76 661 4,659 695 301 117 352 165 43 1,877 335 247 7 3 62 695 346 10, 137 Wage 6amers. 1,546,706 6,406 9,483 27,268 7,416 17,977 4,852 24,519 21,766 16,841 1,886 4,004 86,702 74,965 14,647 16,962 22,851 11,367 9,326 133, 613 53, 607 8,377 26,620 6,082 6,683 14,390 17,766 3,132 24,636 196, 704 24,955 10,772 6,139 17,849 6,757 1,810 79,316 17, 604 11,404 453 167 2,298 30,070 19,924 450,462 101 to 500 wage earners. Estab- lish- ments 11,021 77 108 414 61 101 418 39 36 353 292 116 124 573 117 13 1,009 287 68 323 106 187 68 1,214 92 6 33 216 27 23 344 243 62 19 16 2 268 334 2,844 Wage earners. ,265,096 17,902 23,768 97,691 12,422 17,880 946 16,469 17,729 101,068 .70,846 51,014 20,145 26,931 135,735 23,885 2,124 203,427 63,458 11,629 68,069 22,464 •49,965 10,061 26,390 1,600 16,034 241,234 17,176 696 6,397 43,930 4,971 6,295 63,240 62,830 13,911 4,343 4,940 366 55,483 67,460 566, 708 Over 500 wage earners. Estab- lish- ments. 1,763 18 36 78 13 5 166 11 52 6 4 16 204 20 3 142 12 11 33 14 139 1 66 383 Wage earners. 1,850,747 24,176 39,754 67, 162 16,369 4,247 2,415 7,293 161,856 31,401 9,662 49,963 3,951 2,762 12,087 218,876 48,026 1,980 139,008 9,818 12,498 30,210 10,763 184,141 638 14,883 7,831 70,941 3,822 631 11,968 2,974 5,106 22, 195 26,091 58,317 10,832 2,261 46, 774 79,760 397,330 Per cent wage earners in establishments employ- ing specified number form of total. Ito 20 wage earn- ers. 14.4 4.1 3.6 3.1 10.9 59.9 68.5 29.3 33.1 0.9 0.3 6.1 13.8 16.5 16.2 23.9 0.3 4.5 65.9 10.3 9.0 12.9 3.4 0.3 0.1 28.2 4.3 28.0 12.9 26.8 30.0 33.4 21.6 2.9 35.8 5.1 36.3 2.6 6.8 0.7 36.4 20.6 21 to 100 earn- ers. 23.4 12.7 12.5 13.8 18.2 17.9 26.3 40.9 31.1 6.0 4.4 16.9 36.7 48.7 32.6 23.1 6.0 13.0 23.6 25.2 41.8 22.5 20.6 13.3 2.4 41.3 28.5 48.8 45.2 28.3 38.0 63.1 36.1 23.4 29.6 13.0 30.7 17.8 12.8 2.9 2.2 65.7 18.0 11.8 101 to 600 earn- ers. 34.2 35.4 31.3 17.9 5.1 25.8 25.3 35.8 22.5 36.4 29.5 33.1 46.1 36.6 35.9 27.4 6.4 38.3 41.6 31.0 52.6 58.4 20.8 28.8 43.2 23.3 27.6 34.7 26.2 3.5 37.9 57.9 21.7 45.2 24.4 63.3 15.5 27.8 66.5 8.9 33.3 40.0 Over 500 wage earn- ers. 28.0 47.8 52.5 33.9 40.2 4.2 4.0 10.4 728 40.7 20.8 2.6 6.2 16.4 57.7 66.0 5.0 26.1 7.6 33.6 23.4 28.0 76.7 1.8 24.0 14.4 10.2 4.4 15.8 13.0 36.6 8.6 26.4 65.0 69.3 30.5 28.1 47.2 STATES, CITIES, AND INDUSTRIES. 469 In 17 of tlie 43 industries listed separately in tlie table, establishments employing from 1 to 100 wage earners reported more than one-half of the total num- ber employed in each industry. In 6 of these in- dustries, establishments employing from 101 to 500 wage earners reported more than one-half of the total number, while 8" estabhshments employing over 500 wage earners reported more than one-half of the total. The highest proportion (76.7 per cent) of wage earners employed by establishments reporting an average of more than 500 was in the steel works and rolling mill branch of the iron and steel industry. Table 28 shows, for 1909, for geographic divisions and states, the number of establishments and average number of wage earners, by groups, and the percent- age of wage earners in each group, for these divisions and states. Table Z8 ESTABUSHMENTS EMPLOTING— DIVISION AND STATE. TOIAL. No ■wage earn- ers. 1 to 20 wage earners. 21 to 100 wage earners. 101 to 500 wage earners. Over 500 wage earners. Per cent wage earners In establishments employ- ing specified number form of total. Estab- lish- ments. Wage earners. Estab- lish- ments. Estab- lish- ments. Wage earners. Estab- lish- ments. Wage earners. Estab- lish- ments. Wage earners. Estab- lish- ments. Wage earners. Ito 20 wage eam- ears. 21 to lOO wage earn- ers. 101 to 600 wage earn- ers. Over 600 wage earn- ers. XTnlted States. . . 268,491 6,616,046 27,712 193,487 962,497 34,608 1,646,706 U,021 2,366,096 1,763 1,850,747 14.4 23.4 34.2 28.0 Gbographig mvisions: 25,361 81,315 60,013 27,171 28,088 15,381 12,339 6,254 13,579 1,101,290 2,207,747 1,613,764 374,337 663,016 261,772 204,520 75,435 213,166 2,132 8,918 7,274 3,667 1,669 911 1,028 677 1,436 17,116 56,764 42,252 20,787 21,271 12,270 9,645 4,079 10,303 91,068 291,378 192,201 78,209 118,936 62,682 49,180 16,776 52,069 4,012 12,427 7,411 2,051 3,864 1,710 1,262 360 1,421 183,104 556,007 340,201 90,276 169,759 74,679 53,546 16,232 63,003 1,699 3,632 2,647 574 1,136 447 373 119 395 363,839 742,393 540,695 117,981 231,465 89,188 74,471 25,988 79,180 392 574 429 92 159 43 31 19 24 463,279 617,969 440,767 87,872 142,866 36,323 27,323 16,440 18,908 8.3 13.2 12.7 20.9 18.0 23.9 24.1 22.3 24.4 16.6 25.1 22,5 24.1 26.6 28.6 26.2 21.5 29.6 33.0 33.6 35.7 31.5 34.9 34.0 36.5 34.4 37.1 42.1 Middle AOantie 28.0 East NorttL Central 29.1 West North Central 23.6 South Atiantic 21.5 East South Central . 13.5 West South Central 13.3 MOIlTltfl'™ 21.8 Pacific... 8.9 New England: 3,546 1,961 1,958 11,684 1,951 4,251 44,935 8,817 27,563 15,138 7,969 18,026 9,169 9,721 6,561 5,528 8,375 752 1,020 2,500 3,435 726 4,837 518 6,685 2,586 4,931 1,854 4,792 2,169 4,776 4,609 3,398 2,698 2,925 2,616 2,310 4,588 677 725 268 2,034 313 311 749 177 3,674 2,246 7,659 79,955 78,658 33,788 £84,559 113,538 210,792 1,003,981 326,223 877,543 446,934 186,984 465,764 231,499 182,583 84,767 61,636 162,993 2,789 3,602 24,336 44,215 21,238 107, 921 7,707 106,676 63,893 121,473 73,046 104,588 57,473 65,400 73,840 72,148 60,384 44,982 76,165 13,143 70,230 11,666 8,220 2,867 28,067 4,143 6,441 11,786 2,257 69,120 28,760 116,296 298 168 131 943 158 444 4,667 712 3,639 1,521 692 2,518 1,200 1,343 603 643 1,123 125 146 481 646 46 504 76 270 200 171 60 231 112 403 306 131 71 169 118 262 479 92 66 40 325 31 36 74 23 322 232 882 2,716 1,409 1,514 7,548 1,196 2,733 31,323 6,088 18,353 10,483 5,966 12,361 6,297 7,146 4,352 4,340 6,183 601 850 1,869 2,592 534 3,638 351 4,689 1,920 3,852 1,411 3,589 1,387 3,801 3,679 2,714 2,076 2,368 1,799 1,949 3,629 513 617 216 1,611 266 245 582 139 2,713 1,759 5,831 12,363 7,201 7,023 43,134 7,046 14,301 169,732 32,644 89,102 52,358 26,681 60,101 28,064 25,007 16,648 16,072 26,287 1,610 2,291 6,295 9,006 3,222 18,629 1,937 26,491 8,726 21,027 7,990 22,164 9,749 16,724 18,617 14,877 12,464 12,493 11,797 7,039 17,861 2,000 2,402 603 6,859 1,003 940 2,478 490 15,868 7,695 28,516 387 256 265 2,109 369 646 7,107 1,364 3,966 2,162 956 2,287 1,154 852 448 443 764 24 21 121 230 101 696 83 562 323 654 209 779 547 462 471 411 366 308 430 88 436 52 41 3 147 17 16 71 13 483 200 738 18,190 11,326 10,343 95,989 17,352 29,904 307,812 64,402 183,793 99,146 44,434 102,346 64,516 39,759 20,096 19,412 33,819 932 827 6,368 9,831 4,216 26,269 3,665 26,670 15,183 30,288 9,394 33,430 21,744 20,780 21,271 17,698 14,830 12,843 18,873 3,462 18,368 2,286 1,786 164 6,942 756 786 2,825 687 21,821 8,954 32,228 123 114 55 867 195 345 1,637 557 1,438 834 299 735 447 332 131 92 268 2 3 23 55 38 169 8 138 125 232 145 175 105 102 143 127 75 73 157 10 133 17 8 8 48 8 12 17 1 153 52 190 25,207 24,621 11,862 185, 876 45,366 70,917 321,531 119,964 300,898 168,458 60,492 149,670 91,443 70,632 26,690 18,845 66,632 247 484 4,989 11,194 6,807 34,176 1,547 27,112 26,191 47, 013 33,116 34,448 21,045 19,830 26,348 26,605 16,606 14,087 33,497 1,888 24,999 3,854 1,614 1,347 10,887 1,701 3,172 2,970 443 28,931 10,279 39,976 22 24 3 217 43 83 201 106 267 138 56 125 61 49 27 10 37 24,195 36,610 4,570 259,560 43,774 95,670 204,906 109,313 303,760 126,972 65,377 153,647 67,486 47,285 21,433 7,308 37,265 15.5 9.1 20.7 7.3 6.2 6.8 16.9 10.0 10.1 11.7 14.3 12.9 12.1 13.7 19.6 26.0 17.2 57.7 63.6 25.9 20.4 15.1 17.2 25.1 24.2 13.6 17.3 11.0 21.2 16.9 25.6 26.2 20.6 24.7 27.8 15.5 63.6 25.4 17.1 29.3 21.0 24.4 24.2 14.6 21.0 21.7 22.9 26.7 24.7 22.8 14.4 30.6 16.4 15.3 14.2 30.7 19.7 21.0 22.2 23.8 22.0 23.6 21.7 23.8 31.5 22.1 33.4 23.0 22.0 22.3 19.9 24.3 47.6 24.1 23.7 25.0 12.9 32.0 37.8 31.7 28.8 24.5 29.4 28.6 24.8 26.4 26.1 19.6 21.7 5.7 24.8 18.3 12.2 24.0 30.6 31.6 31.1 27.9 31.6 31.3 36.1 31.8 39.9 33.6 32.1 36.7 34.2 37.7 32.3 32.1 39.8 38.6 31.4 30.6 36.4 8.9 13.4 20.6 25.3 32.1 31.7 20.1 25.7 41.0 38.7 46.3 32.9 36.6 30.3 35.7 36.8 32.8 31.3 44.0 14.3 3,'). 6 33.1 19.6 47.0 38.8 41.1 49.3 26.2 19.6 41.9 35.8 34.6 30.2 45.1 13.5 Massachusetts ■Rhodp Tslftprt 44.4 38.5 ConnWrticnt. . . . 46.4 Middle Atlantic: New York 20.4 33.6 PftnTn^ylvHiift. , . . 34.6 East North Central: Ohio 28.4 29. « Dlinois. .. 33.0 Michigan 24.9 25.9 West North Central: Minnesota 25.3 11.8 24.4 North Dakota South Dakota 6 12 7 30 1 26 18 22 29 18 8 8 10 15 10 7 12 1 11 3 3 1 3 1 2 5 1 3 3 18 7,694 14,184 6.993 28,847 558 27,603 13,793 23,145 22,646 14,646 4,935 8,066 7,604 13,068 6,686 6,669 11,998 754 9,012 3,616 2,418 763 3,379 683 1,643 3,612 637 2,610 1,822 14,576 31.6 Kansas 32.1 South Atlantic: 32.9 26.7 7.2 26.1 West Vireinia 21.6 19.0 South Carolina 30.9 13.9 Floriaa 8.6 East South Central: 12.3 10.3 18.1 13.1 West South Central: 12.3 15.8 6.7 12.9 Mountain: 30.2 Idaho ■' - 29 4 26.3 12.1 16 6 24.0 Utah 29.8 28.2 Pactpic: 3.7 6.3 12.7 470 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— MANUFACTURES. DISTRIBUTION OF EXPENSES. Expenses in leading industries. — As stated in the Introduction, the census does not purport to furnish figures that can be used for determining the total cost of manufacture and consequently the profits. Facts of interest can, however, be brought out concerning the relative importance of those classes of expenses which are reported. The following table shows in percentages the distribution of these expenses among the classes indicated, for aU industries combined and for the 43 principal industries separately. Table 29 Allindastiies Agricultural implements Automobiles, including bodies and parts Boots and shoes, including cut stock and findings . Brass and bronze products . i Bread and other bakery products Butter, cheese, and condensed milk Canning and preserving Carriages and wagons and materials Cars and general shop construction and repairs by steam-railroad companies Cars, steam-raili'oad, not including operations of railroad companies Chemicals clothing, men's, including shirts Clothing, women's Confectionery Copper, tin, ajid sheet-iron products Cotton goods, including cotton small wares Electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies. . . Flour-mill and gristaiill products Foimdry and machine-shop products Fumittfre and refrigerators Gas, illuminating and heating Hosiery and knit goods Iron and steel, blast furnaces Iron and steel, steel works and rolling mills Leather goods Leather, tanned, curried, and finished Liquors, distilled Liquors, malt Lumber and timber products Marble and stone work Oil, cottonseed, and cake Paint and varnish Paper and wood pulp Patent medicines and compounds and druggists' preparations Petroleum, refining Printing and publishing Silk and silk goods, including throwsters Slaughtering and meat packing Smelting and refining, copper Smelting and refining, lead Sugar and molasses, not including beet sugar — Tobacco manufactures Woolen, worsted, and felt goods, and wool hats. . All other industries PEE CENT OF TOTAL EXPENSES BEPOBTED. Sala- ries. 6.1 8.6 4.S 3.9 4.1 4.0 1.4 5.6 6.7 4.3 6.5 S.2 6.0 7.6 6.8 2.6 10.0 1.6 8.7 7.3 10.9 4.4 1.8 2.9 7.2 2.2 1.0 7.6 4.8 6.7 3.1 9.3 4.0 14.9 1.8 16.7 4.2 1.5 0.7 0.9 0.9 4.6 2.6 6.4 18.6 24.3 23.1 20.6 17.3 17.4 4.3 13.5 27.0 23.0 16.0 20.7 23.0 13.1 22.4 24.0 24.6 2.6 29.8 18.4 26.6 6.8 18.3 19.3 10.5 1.6 13.7 32.0 44.8 4.3 7.4 17.2 8.7 4.4 26.6 21.8 3.9 3.8 3.4 2.8 19.0 18.7 21.1 Mate- rials. 66.8 61.1 62.5 69.6 72.6 91.0 72.0 68.9 66.7 68.2 67.9 61.1 67.9 63.7 66.9 53.8 92.8 60.1 61.0 46.2 62.7 88.4 73.9 64.6 81.2 18.4 32.2 61.0 39.4 87.7 71.1 69.7 44.1 89.6 32.6 60.8 91.3 94.4 94.8 92.6 48.4 72.9 62.1 Mis- cellane- ous ex- penses. lO.S 16.0 9.9 5.9 6.0 8.6 3.3 9.0 8.4 1.8 6.0 10.3 16.2 9.9 11.4 8.1 6.6 11.7 3.1 11.4 10.9 24.6 7.4 3.0 4.8 6.1 79.0 46.5 12.2 9.1 4.9 12.2 9.1 32.4 4.2 24.1 13.2 3.3 1.1 0.9 3.7 28.0 6.8 10.5 This table shows that, for all industries combined, 65.8 per cent of the total expenses reported were in- cmred for materials, 23.7 per cent for services (that is, salaries and wages), and 10.5 per cent for other pur- poses. As would be expected, these proportions vary greatly in the different industries. The item of sala- ries takes on large proportions in such industries as the gas industry, the manufacture of patent medi- cines, and printing and publishing, which require a large force of employees for accounting and collecting. The industries for which the highest percentages for wages are shown — in each case over 30 per cent — are marble and stone work, steam-railroad repair shops, the lumber and timber industry, and the furniture industry. The cost of materials constituted over 90 per cent of the expenses reported in the smelting , and refining of copper and lead, flour and grist milling and the manufacture of sugar and molasses, slaughtering and meat packing, and the butter, cheese, and condensed-nulk industry. Miscellaneous expenses, which are made up principally of rent, taxes, insurance, and advertising, are relatively largest in the distillery and brewery industries, the manufacture of patent medicines and compoimds, and the tobacco- products industry, aU of which are subject to internal- revenue taxes; they are also large in the gas and the printing and publishing industries. Expenses, by states. — ^Table 30 shows, for each geo- graphic division and each state, the per cent distri- bution in 1909 of the total expenses reported among the principal items. The variation among the several divisions and states in the percentage of the total expenses which is represented by each class follows closely the varia- tion in the character of the predominating industries. Thus the percentage of expenses incurred for materials is highest and that incurred for wages lowest in the West North Central division, this condition being due to the predominating importance in those states of the flour-milling and the slaughtering industries, in which materials contribute the greater part of the value of products. The proportion of expenses incurred for materials is also high in the Mountain division, on account of the influence of the smelting and refining industries. Wages represent the highest percentage of the total expenses, 23.7, in the New England division, where the textile and other highly elaborative industries predominate. Among the individual states the highest percentage for materials is shown for Kansas and the next highest for Nebraska, while this percentage is lowest in Florida; the highest percentages for wages are shown for Wyoming, New Mexico, and. Florida, in the order named. Among the great manufacturing states of the East and North there is no very great variation in the distribution of expenses among the various items. Of the 10 most important manufacturing states, Massachusetts has the highest proportion for wages and is among the lowest for miscellaneous expenses. The exceptionally high percentage for miscella- neous expenses in Kentucky, 25.8, is due to the importance there of the distillery industry, in the miscellaneous expenses of which are included very large sums paid as internal-revenue tax. STATES, CITIES, AND INDUSTRIES. 471 Table 30 DIVISION AND STATE. XTnlted States Geographic divisions: New England Middle Atlantic East North Central . West North Central. South Atlantic , East South Central.. West South Central. Mountain Paciflc New England: Maine New Hampshire Vermont Massachusetts Bhode Island Coimecticut Middle Atlantic: New York New Jersey Pennsylvania East Noeth Centkal: Ohio Indiana Illinois Michigan Wisconsin West Nokth Central; Minnesota Iowa Missouri North Dakota South Dakota Nebraska Kansas PEE CENT OF TOTAL EXPENSES REPORTED. Salaries. S.l 4.8 5.4 5.4 4.2 4.7 5.2 4.5 3.9 4.9 3.7 2.8 4.7 4.8 4.4 6.0 6.2 4.7 4.7 5.6 5.0 5.3 6.9 4.9 4.1 4.7 6.6 3.6 3.9 3.0 2.4 18.6 23.7 18.6 17.8 12.4 20.1 18.3 17.4 17.8 20.4 24.3 24.3 28.9 22.8 22.8 25.6 18.7 16.4 19.3 19.1 18.2 15.8 20.1 17.9 12.6 13.9 15.5 10.3 14.6 7.6 8.5 Mate- rials. 65.8 62.6 65.3 65.1 76.1 64.9 60.2 68.1 71.6 65.4 62.7 65.8 58.2 62.9 65.3 59.8 62.2 69.7 67.2 64.2 63.7 67.0 62.3 65.9 74.9 73.2 67.9 79.1 72.7 82.3 84.7 Miscella- neous expenses. 10. S 8.9 10.8 11.7 8.3 10.3 16.2 9.9 6.7 9.3 9.2 7.1 8.3 9.5 7.6 12.9 9.2 8.8 11.0 13.1 12.0 11.6 11.4 8.4 8.2 11.1 6.9 8.9 7.1 4.4 DIVISION AND STATE. South Atlantic: Delaware Maryland District of Columbia Virginia West Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Florida East South Central: Kentucky Tennessee Alabama Mississippi West South Central: Arkansas Louisiana Oklahoma Texas Mountain: Montana Idaho Wyoming Colorado New Mexico Arizona Utah Nevada PACtPIo: Washington Oregon California PER CENT of total EXPENSES reported. 4.9 4.8 9.0 4.6 3.9 3.7 3.9 5.1 7.8 4.8 5.8 6.1 5.3 5.3 4.4 4.3 4.4 3.1 5.2 5.6 4.9 6.4 1.9 5.0 4.9 4.8 Wages. 21.9 15.9 24.4 19.4 22.8 18.4 20.9 19.8 36.4 13.9 17.8 21.1 27.3 29.5 16.4 15.3 16.5 16.3 29.1 37.2 17.4 36.8 13.4 15.6 17.9 25.4 24.2 17.7 Mate- rials. 65.9 69.6 50.0 64.0 64.2 66.4 68.1 66.4 41.3 55.6 66.4 64.6 63.7 63.9 66.1 72.3 72.8 73.6 62.5 46.6 70.2 46.3 81.7 76.1 76.5 60.1 61.6 68.3 Miscella- neous expenses. 7.2 9.7 16.6 11.9 9.0 12.5 7.1 8.7 14.6 25.8 11.0 9.2 13.6 11.3 13.1 8.0 7.3 7.0 13.2 10.6 7.5 11.5 3.0 4.8 3.2 9.6 9.3 ENGIITES AND POWER. Summary for United States: 1909, 1904, and 1899.— The following table shows for all industries combined the number of engines or motors employed by manu- facturing concerns and their horsepower at the censuses of 1909, 1904, and 1899. The figures for the total primary power used exclude duplications and represent the primary power of engines, water wheels, etc., owned by the manufacturing establishments themselves plus the electric or other power rented from outside concerns. A separate presentation is made of the number and horsepower of electric motors operated by current generated within the establish- ments, which, of course, as it represents secondary power, is not included in the totals. This item plus the electric power rented makes up the total for electric power, which is shown separately. Table 31 NUMBER OF ENGINES OR MOTORS. HORSEPOWER. PER CENT DISTRIBUTION OF HORSEPOWER. 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 408,472 231,363 168,143 18,675,376 13,487,707 10,097,893 100.0 100.0 100.0 Owned 209,163 169,774 168,143 16,802,706 12,854,806 9,778,418 90.0 95.3 96.8 153,526 34,356 20,079 1,203 127,267 21,615 19,595 1,397 130, 710 14,334 23,099 0) 14,199,339 .'51,186 1,807,439 15,449 29,293 1,872,670 10,825,348 289,423 1,641,949 6,931 92,154 632,902 8,139,579 134,742 1,454,112 (') 49,985 319,475 76.0 4.0 9.7 0.1 0.2 10.0 80.3 2.1 12.2 C) 0.7 4.7 80.6 1.3 14.4 (') 0.5 Rented 199,309 61,589 (') 3.2 ■pipptrip 199,309 61,689 (') 1,749,031 123,639 441,589 191,313 182,662 136,913 9.4 0.7 3.3 1.4 1.8 other 1.4 388,864 134,708 16,891 4,817,140 1,692,475 492,936 100.0 100.0 100.0 189,545 199,309 73,119 61,689 16,891 3,068,109 1,749,031 1,150,886 441,589 310,374 182,662 63.7 36.3 72.3 27.7 63.0 37.0 1 Not reported. ' Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. The total horsepower of manufacturing establish- ments was 18,675,376 in 1909, as compared with 13,487,707 in 1904 and 10,097,893 in 1899. In 1909, 90 per cent of the horsepower was that of engines or motors owned by the manufacturing estabhshments themselves, and 10 per cent was rented power, mostly electric. Especially striking is the increase in the use of gas engines and of electric power, both that rented 472 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— MANUFACTURES. from outside concerns and that generated by the manu- facturing concerns themselves. The total horsepower of electric motors in 1899, including both those oper- ated by purchased current and those operated by current generated in the establishment, was 492,936; in 1909 it was 4,817,140, or nearly ten times as great. The practice of renting electric power is rapidly becom- ing more common among small establishments and even among large estabUshments, while the large concerns more and more tend to use electric motors for the purpose of applying the power which they themselves generate. The amount of water power owned by manufactur- ing establishments shows only a comparatively moder- ate rate of increase during the decade, but not a little of the electric power rented by manufacturers is gener- ated in the first instance by utilizing water power. Horsepower, by leading industries. — The following table shows, for the 43 leading industries, the amount of each of the several kinds of power used in 1909 : Table 32 All indastiles Agricultural implements Automobiles, Including bodies and parts Boots and shoes, including cut stock and findings Brass and bronze producis Bread and other bakery products Butter, cheese, and condensed milk Canning and preserving Carriages and wagons and materials Cars and general shop construction and repairs by steam-railroad companies Cars, steam-railroad, not Including operations of railroad companies. Chemicals Clothing, men's, including shirts Clothing, women's Confectionery Copper, tin, and sheet-iron products Cotton goods, including cotton small wares Electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies Flour-mill and gristmill products Foundry and machine-shop products Furniture and refrigerators Gas, illuminating and heating Hosiery and )mit goods Iron and steel, blast furnaces Iron and steel, steel works and rolling mills Leather goods Leather, tanned, curried, and finished Liquors, distilled Liquors, malt Lumber and timber products Marble and stone work Oil, cottonseed, and cake Paint and varmsh Paper and wood pulp Patent medicines and compounds and druggists' preparations Petroleum, refining Printing and publishing Silk and silk goods, including throwsters Slaughtering and meat pacldng Smelting and reiining, copper Smelting and refining, lead Sugar and molasses, not Including beet sugar Tobacco manufactures Woolen, worsted, and felt goods, and wool hats All other industries Total horse- power (excluding duplica- tion). 18,675,376 100,601 76,550 96, 302 106, 120 101,349 81, 179 126,032 293,361 97,797 208,604 42,725 22,294 35,870 62,366 1,296,517 158, 768 853,584 869,305 221,451 128,350 103,709 1,173,422 2,100,978 28,148 148,140 46,120 347,726 2,840,082 187,686 192,342 56, 162 1,304,265 25,659 90,268 297,763 97,947 208, 707 158, 126 26, 954 160, 603 28,514 362, 209 3,646,423 OWNED BY ESTABLISHMENTS REPORTING — Steam 14,199,339 71,394 39,325 60,772 78, 101 25,506 90,802 70,362 82,911 254,942 89,123 103,273 16,003 4,112 25,090 34,650 869,838 99,883 473, 363 546,206 184,425 115, 332 74,560 1,033,033 1,965,346 10,028 131,311 44,623 330, 705 2,587,487 132,236. 183,440 42,166 469,089 15, 938 83,707 59,240 72,059 190,636 • 114,862 23,090 158,682 21,929 261,364 2,868,395 Gas 761,186 4,433 7,000 3,532 4,890 8,166 3,373 4,519 13, 120 3,140 1,148 1,147 5,259 1,958 1,408 8,572 2,812 6,.753 62,681 96,966 5,830 7,128 1,235 125,230 79,391 1,381 7,231 321 1,261 38,628 10, 874 1,674 3,290 6,675 1,712 6,870 32, 152 1,277 2,208 1,107 36 395 795 2,077 172,532 Water wheels. 1,807,439 8,387 287 2,798 3,370 251 1,403 364 4,604 138 370 10,913 1,335 190 416 302,288 1,078 259, 138 18,341 6,743 2,755 12,016 294 5,829 1,337 1,546 252 116 139,392 9,451 125 2,004 785,961 260 600 8,383 30 12,726 78,909 122,808 Water motors. 15,449 3 312 153 45 16 8 4 736 361 105 224 1,111 167 50 2 2,185 14 1,720 16 341 2,439 Other. 29,293 500 131 30 17 700 215 12 5 7,363 14 208 2,754 612 182 200 1,500 140 160 1,065 836 241 189 25 275 121 378 210 7 10,163 Electric motors. 1,719,031 15,684 27,641 17,381 18,399 31,160 5,366 5,469 24,969 33,786 6,456 92,057 18,816 16, 175 8,607 17,898 108,512 50,046 49, 901 192,977 20,420 2,723 13,286 14,850 58, 797 14,946 6,487 708 14,190 62,200 32,062 6,394 7,814 38,610 6,882 28 197,692 10,364 15,047 29, 413 1,316 5,367 13,783 431,534 Other. 123,639 200 1,297 11,802 1,366 129 212 401 348 146 846 1,261 843 745 821 4,968 959 3,300 11,700 3,316 171 2,390 115 420 1,416 66 165 10,428 2,666 470 861 1,470 742 285 6,265 6,874 740 171 5,736 38,662 ELECTRIC MOTORS. Total. 1 1,817,140 38,905 41,829 32,381 33,462 39,795 8,276 8,728 39,424 161,288 61,060 156,699 22,894 16,085 16,983 30, 771 235, 902 164,640 67,066 623,914 43,252 17,336 26,485 136, 143 716,609 16,663 36,919 3,786 66,619 130, 707 53,748 10,855 17,037 130, 120 11, 175 229,312 23, 758 78, 677 66,229 12, 166 18,730 11,203 79,223 1,085,678 Hun by current generated by estab- lishment. 3,068,109 23,221 14,188 15,000 15,063 8,635 2,910 3,269 14,465 127,602 54,604 64,642 4,078 910 8,376 12,873 127,390 114,495 ■ 17, 165 430,937 22,832 14,613 12,199 120,293 657,812 1,717 29,432 3,078 52,329 68,607 21,686 4,461 9,223 91,510 4,293 8,780 31,620 13,404 63,630 25,816 8,337 17,414 5,836 65,440 664,144 ' Includes the horsepower of motors run by rented current and also of those run by current generated by the establishment. This table shows very wide differences among the industries with respect to the relative importance of the several kinds of power. These differences are due partly to differences in the geographic location of the industries, which affect the character of power avail- able, and partly to differences in the character of machinery used, which affect the adaptability of the different kinds of power. The power developed by the use of gas engines represents a larger proportion of the total power employed in establishments engaged in the manu- facture of carriages and wagons, flour mills and grist- mills, foundries and machine shops, blast furn,aces, steel works and rolling mills, lumber nulls, and print- ing and publishing establishments than in any of the other industries listed. The largest absolute amount of power' derived from gas engines is reported for the blast furnaces, and the next largest for the foundries and machine shops. A very large proportion of the total power derived from water wheels is used in four industries, namely, the manufacture of cotton goods, flour miUs and grist- STATES, CITIES, AND INDUSTRIES. 473 mills, the lumber and timber products industry, and the manufacture of paper and wood pulp. In the last-mentioned industry the horsepower developed by water wheels amounts to 785,961, about 60 per cent of the total power used in that industry. The extent to which electric motors are utihzed in applying the power employed varies considerably in the different industries. In a considerable number of industries the electric power, including that gen- erated by the manufacturing establishments them- selves and that rented from other concerns, is equal to more than one-half of the total primary power. These industries are the manufacture of automobiles, bread and other bakery products, the construction of steam-railroad cars, the repair shops of steam- raiboad companies, the chemical industry, the making of men's and of women's clothing, the manufacture of electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies, the foundry and machine-shop industry, the manufacture of leather goods, and the printing and publishing industry. In the electrical-machinery industry the horsepower of electric motors installed is greater than the total primary power; this may be accounted for by reason of the provision of motors for the operation of machinery which is not in constant use. The largest absolute amount of electric power is reported by the steel works and roUing mills, and the next largest, by the foundries and machine shops. In the former the electric power is equal to a little over one-third of the total amount of primary power and in the latter to nearly three-fourths. Horsepower, by states: 1909. — ^Table 33 shows, by states grouped according to geographic divisions, the amount of each of the several kinds of power used in manufacturing industries in 1909. The rank of the states with respect to the amount of power used in manufacturing industries is some- what different from that with respect to value of products and other leading items in the statistics of manufactures. Although New York ranks first among the states in most of the leading items, Penn- sylvania outranks it in respect to the amount of power used in manufacturing industries. New York stands second, Ohio third, Massachusetts fourth, and Illinois fifth. The relative total amount of power used is largely dependent upon the character of the industries predominant in each division or state. The relative extent to which the different kinds of power are used in the several divisions and states is also dependent in part upon the character of the industries and in part upon the situation of each state with reference to supplies of coal, petroleum, and gas, and with reference to the availability of water power. In every division — in fact in every state, except Maine and Vermont— steam engines are the most im- portant source of power. The proportion which power generated by gas engines represents of the total power is larger in the East North Central division than in any other division, partly on account of the proximity of gas weUs. The Middle Atlantic states rank next in the proportion of the total power which is developed by gas engines. With respect to power obtained from water wheels owned by the manufacturing estabhah- ments, New England ranks far ahead of the other divi- sions both in the absolute amount of power and in the proportion which water power represents of the total. More than two-fifths of the total power derived from water wheels owned by manufacturing estabhshments is found in New England, and more than one-fourth of the total power utilized by the factories of New England is derived from water wheels. The Middle Atlantic division ranks next in this respect. The largest absolute amounts of power utihzed by means of electric motors (including both those operated by pur- chased current and those operated by current generated in the estabhshment) are reported from the Middle Atlantic division, the East North Central division, and New England, in the order named, and in these three divisions also the proportion which electric power rep- resents of the total is unusually large, no very great difference appearing among the three divisions in this respect. The proportion of electric power is also high in the Mountain, Pacific, and West North Central divisions. The individual states which lead in the use of gas engines to develop power are Pennsylvania, Indiana, Ohio, New York, IlUnois, Kansas, and New Jersey, in the order named. The absolute amount of power of this character is greatest in Pennsylvania, and the pro- portion which such power represents of the total power used is greatest in Indiana. The power derived from water wheels owned by manufacturing estabhshments is greater in New York than in any other state, but the proportion which such power represents of the total power is greatest in Maine. Other leading states in respect to the absolute amount of such water power are Massachusetts, Wisconsin, New Hampshire, Ver- mont, Connecticut, Minnesota, Pennsylvania, Oregon, Virginia, North CaroHna, and Michigan; the leading states in respect to the proportion which it represents of the total power are Vermont, New Hampshire, Oregon, Wisconsin, New York, Minnesota, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Virginia, and Montana. In the absolute amount of electric power utilized for manufacturing, Pennsylvania leads and is followed by New York, Ohio, Massachusetts, Illinois, Indiana, and New Jersey, in the order named. With respect to the proportion which electric power represents of the total Nevada ranks first, and is followed by Cahfornia, Utah, Ilhnois, New York, Montana, Arizona, Indiana, and Massachusetts in the order named. In Nevada the power of electric motors forms 54.1 per cent and in Cahfornia 40.3 per cent of the total power reported for these states. 474 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— MANUFACTURES. Table 33 DIVISION AND STATE. United States Geogbaphic divisions: New England Middle Atlantic East North Central. . West North Central. South Atlantic East South Central.. West South Central. Mountain Pacific New England: Maine New Hampshire Vermont Massachusetts Ehode Island Connecticut Middle Atlantic: New York New Jersey PennsylTania East Nokth Oentbal: Ohio Indiana Illinois Michigan Wisconsin West Noeth Central: Minnesota Iowa Missouri North Dakota South Dakota Nebraska Kansas South Atlantic: Delaware Maryland District of Columbia. . Virginia West Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Florida East South Centbal; Kentucky Tennessee Alabama Mississippi West South Central: Arkansas Louisiana Oklahoma Texas Mountain: Montana Idaho Wyoming Colorado New Mexico Arizona Utah Nevada pAcinc: Washington Oregon California Total horse- power (excluding duplica- tion). 18,675,376 715,121 531,602 382,070 101,990 832,00) 030,560 873,350 400,766 802,016 459,599 293,991 159,445 ,175,071 226,740 400,275 997,662 612,293 921,547 583, 155 633,377 013,071 598,288 554, 179 297,670 155,384 340,467 13,196 17,666 64,466 213,141 52,779 218,244 16,563 283,928 217,496 378,556 276,378 298,241 89,816 230,224 242,277 357,837 206,222 173,088 346,652 71. 139 282,471 90,402 42,804 7,628 154,615 15,46S 39. 140 42,947 7,765 297,897 175,019 329, 100 owned by establishments reporting — steam engines. 14,199,339 1,656,911 4,151,662 3,491,418 838,988 1,431,423 953,511 805,640 306,786 563,000 168,595 139,128 64,252 834,701 175,293 274,942 1,080,877 529,668 2,541,117 1,362,134 448,528 838,199 465,520 377,037 199,777 121,882 280,489 10,170 12,257 44,806 169,607 42,266 181,326 12, 169 221,303 184,591 271,944 193,052 240,264 84,508 207,691 215,338 328,275 202,307 168, 152 331,370 56,643 249,475 49,654 35,629 6,467 135,645 11,781 34,193 28,984 4,533 267,230 112,244 193,526 Gas engines. 751,186 41,801 274,274 283,450 57,434 36,441 12,270 29,291 4,188 12,037 3,933 1,238 2,160 18,326 3,300 12,844 20,867 163,508 103,801 109, 105 37,025 13,988 19,531 7,174 8,025 11, 169 1,304 2,784 4,408 22,580 766 5,736 1,073 3,664 16,705 2,356 1,264 3,380 1,497 4,724 1,863 4,616 1,077 1,374 3,496 8,676 16,745 223 242 182 1,464 365 1,285 226 201 1,494 428 10,115 Water wheels. 1,807,439 763,920 466,541 206,393 82,791 182,076 29,040 3,060 21,345 62,273 256,480 127,490 78,881 185,996 31,376 73,697 394,221 18,558 53,762 15,777 7,446 12, 178 41,442 129,560 66,631 6,326 3,632 530 927 7,361 7,484 6,183 11,963 775 45, 122 10,546 41,619 38,422 28,288 168 6,320 9,670 13,812 238 639 65 470 13,683 2,403 456 1,377 74 129 2,926 397 7,842 47,041 7,390 Water motors. 16,449 3,412 3,947 2,048 3,539 1,082 275 48 198 900 1,912 621 181 620 41 237 1,397 1,118 1,432 330 447 513 677 181 86 206 12 75 222 12 121 33 71 307 ■ 75 460 3 57 107 111 71 2 223 397 280 Other. 29,293 2,055 11,736 4,766 939 5,321 1,690 2,513 224 49 179 30 415 895 39 497 3,583 180 7,973 1,586 599 1,433 16 1,132 25 147 5 76 686 1,069 43 38 1,035 2,400 636 200 915 4 732 39 62 2,401 60 105 19 100 Electric motors. 1,749,031 218,642 668,723 375,876 115,002 171,146 38,580 31,807 66,966 162,299 27,203 21,209 12,917 109,996 13,697 33,620 389,945 33,157 145,621 93,692 65,648 117,007 74,270 26,469 30,297 18,463 44,066 1,164 1,683 7,530 11,809 4,602 17,108 2,433 13,356 5,330 60,044 41,130 23,890 3,363 11,314 14,666 10,104 2,496 2,581 9,077 5,281 14,868 26,604 4,606 614 15,874 3,245 3,314 10,592 2,307 30,951 14,811 116,637 123,639 38,380 54,619 18,119 3,297 4,612 1,194 991 1,069 1,458 1,297 4,375 639 24,637 2,994 4,438 .27,740 8,745 18, 134 5,935 1,704 6,716 2,475 1,289 827 466 1,020 28 3 210 753 60 931 , 70 412 263 1,261 35 1,423 87 187 65 255 233 67 376 20 101 200 48 326 138 electric motors. Total.' 4,817,140 663,143 1,737,236 1,297,447 266,534 343,393 108,409 78,893 113,984 208, 101 54,266 45,351 21,233 402,492 42,130 97,671 689,976 182,476 864,786 417,844 233, 193 398,621 133,064 114,726 52,212 40,736 106,941 1,698 2,084 15,942 46,921 17,910 44,921 4,527 42,043 28,543 86,002 67,620 44,264 7,563 31,268 29,586 39,928 7,627 7,417 27,139 7,887 36,450 27,301 8,409 801 35,944 4,686 15,100 15,402 6,441 43,615 20,802 143,684 Bun by current generated by estab- lishment. 3,068,109 444,501 1,168,513 921,571 151,532 172,247 69,829 47,086 47,028 45,802 27,063 24,142 8,316 292,496 28,433 64,061 300,031 149,318 719,164 324,252 167,645 281,614 58,794 89,266 21,915 22,273 62,885 534 401 8,412 35,112 13,408 27,813 2,094 28,687 23,213 25,958 26,490 20,374 4,210. 19,954 14,920 29,824 6,131 4,836 18,062 2,606 21,582 797 3,803 287 20,070 1,341 11,786 4,810 4,134 12,664 6,991 27,147 > Includes the horsepower of motors run by rented current and also of those run by current generated by the establishment. STATES, CITIES, AND INDUSTRIES. SUPPIEMENTARY DATA REGARDING IMPORTANT INDUSTRIES. 475 (With statistics for laundries and custom sawmills and gristmills.) For certain industries the Census Bureau collects, by- means of special schedules, details regarding the quan- tity and value of materials and products and other information for securing which no provision is made on the general schedule. Data of this character are here presented for a number of important industries. As far as possible the statistics are grouped according to the character of the finished products. The statistics in each table relate to the United States as a whole, not including Alaska, Hawaii, Porto Kico, or other outlymg possessions. FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS. Butter, cheese, and condensed milk. — ^The following table presents statistics for the butter, cheese, and condensed-milk industry. The figures cover only the manufacture of the factory products. The statistics for this class of products made on farms are not avail- able for 1909; in 1899, however, 1,071,626,056 pounds of butter and 16,372,318 pounds of cheese were made on farms, of which 518,042,767 pounds of butter and 14,692,542 pounds of cheese were sold. The value of the factory products of this industry more than doubled during the period 1899-1909. Condensed milk, for which the ratio of increase was highest, nearly trebled in value, while butter more than doubled. Since 1899 the increase in prices has been quite pronounced in this industry, as shown by the fact that the butter product increased 113.5 per cent in value and only 48.7 per cent in quantity, and the output of cheese 63 per cent in value and only 10.3 per cent in quantity. As shown by the note to the table, considerable quantities of butter, cheese, and condensed milk were produced by establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of products other than those covered by the industry designation. Table 34 1909 1904 1899 1904 1899 MATEEIAL3. Total cost.. Milk: Pounds Cost Cream: Pounds Cost Skimmed milk: Pounds Cost Sugar: Pounds Cost All other materials. PEODUCTS. Total value Butter: Pounds Value Packed soUd— Pounds Value Prints and rolls — Pounds Value Cheese: Pounds Value Full cream — Pounds Value Part cream — Pounds Value $236,646,064 9,888,727,303 8118, 675, 613 1,406,143,908 $95,026,507 56,974,760 $110,469 78,457,978 $3,674,174 $18,060,301 2 $274,667,718 624,764,653 $179,510,619 410,692,616 $115,098,066 214,072,037 $64,412,663 311,126,317 $43,239,924 287,110,383 $40,817,073 10,803,392 $1,188,000 $142,920,277 12,147,304,660 $99,729,745 588,186,471 $28,371,040 36,071,335 $59,398 67,810,031 $3,316,892 $11,444,202 3 $168,182,789 531,478,141 $113, 189, 453 364,432,996 $74,483,306 167,045,145 $38,706,147 317,144,872 $28,611,760 239,652,634 $22,024,853 $108,841,200 11,678,082,821 $91,266,436 203,673,958 $8,154,068 8 50,873,859 $2,589,687 $6,841,009 $130,783,349 420,126,546 $84,079,754 328,966,690 $63,961,893 91,169,956 $20,117,861 281,972,324 $26,519,829 225,776,106 $21,363,477 PRODUCTS— continued . Cheese — Continued. Skimmed — Pounds Value other kinds- Pounds Value Condensed milk: Pounds Value Sweetened— Pounds Value Unsweetened — Pounds Value Cream sold: Pounds Value Skimmed milk sold: Pounds Value Casein dried from skimmed milk: Pounds Value All other products EQUIPMENT. Cream separators, number. . 7,770,812 $429, 519 5,441,730 $806,332 494,796,544 $33, 663, 129 214,618,310 $17,346,278 280,278,234 $16,217,851 81,211,374 $9,828,972 352,594,574 $629, 135 13,018,298 $795,644 $6,990,396 5,624 3,459,682 $148, 568 74,032,666 $6,438,339 308,485,182 $20,149,282 198,355,189 $13,478,376 110,129,993 $6,670,906 28,131,914 $2,364,407 1,161,414,457 $1,368,738 11,681,874 $554,099 $1,946,050 8,842 0) 56,196,219 $6,166,352 186,921,787 $11,888,792 P) 61,764,552 $4,435,444 2,253,494,166 $2,531,460 12,298,405 $383,581 $944,489 9,701 1 Not reported separately. 2 fn arirt?Hnn 2^^1 212 nounds ol butter to the value of $664,171; 49,413 pounds oi part cream cheese, to the value of $5,745; 401,300 pounds of condensed milk, to the value of $24 078- 'and other dairy products to the value of $25,388 were produced by establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of products other than those ""^I'^n a^ilitto'n'^im 120 pounds Of butter, to the value of $448,729, and other dairy products to the vaJue of $71,588 were produced by establishments engaged primarily inthe manufacture of products other than those covered by the industry designation. Canning and preserving. — Table 35 includes statis- tics for estabUshments engaged in the various branches of the canning industry and also for those manufac- turing pickles, preserves, and sauces. The table does not include meats and other products canned in slaughtering and meat-packing estabUshments (see Table 38). The total value of all classes of products of canning and preserving estabUshments in 1909 was $157,101,201 and in 1899, $99,335,464, the increase for the decade being 58.2 per cent. Of the two groups of products listed separately in the table, fruits and vegetables show the largest ratio of increase in value from 1899 to 1909, 88.3 476 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— MANUFACTURES. per cent. Fish and oysters show an increase of 47 per cent. The statistics for dried fruits cover the product t)f fruit drying and packing estabHshments which buy the fruit or do drying and packing for others, and of cooperative associations, but do not include fruits dried by the grower on the farm. The bulk of the product is from CaHfornia, the value of the factory dried-fruit product of that state in 1909 being $16,137,716, or 81.3 per cent of the total value of this class of products. Table 35 PRODUCT. 1909 1901 1899 Total value 1 $157,101,201 $84,347,783 32,752,469 $51,568,914 12,909,986 $18,747,941 7,451,265 $10, 332, 136 6,901,703 $10,247,363 3,392,864 $6,013,098 228,659 $1,975,775 440,303 $576,043 347,286 $631,651 2,080,503 $3,144,907 5,501,404 $12,938,474 1,467,213 $3,753,698 1,205,724 $1,898,720 630, 185 $1,825,311 637,782 $1,833,214 815,861 $1, 764, 927 390,361 $1,019,013 364,280 $853, 691 400, 328, 767 $19,840,395 111,774,767 $4,837,933 138, 498, 490 $5,130,412 44, 568, 244 $3,098,095 46, 843, 391 $2,423,083 29, 205, 669 $2,277,177 29,438,306 $2,073,695 2 $130,465,976 $72,998,756 29,579,616 $45,610,993 9,411,084 $14,020,846 11,209,697 $16, 962, 386 4,694,492 $7, 928, 791 2,688,015 $4, 133, 810 (») 246,557 $346, 497 192,997 $284,385 1,236,874 $2,944,278 4,628,241 $11,722,979 1,304,867 $3,902,441 490, 341 $738,013 639, 816 $1,641,919 789, 120 $2,192,910 489, 637 $1,058,669 319,350 $825,622 095,111 $1,363,515 343, 579, 623 $15,664,784 121,409,881 $6,349,381 117, 808, 181 $3,299,628 40, 737, 089 $1,768,610 25,861,074 $1,702,205 19,559,673 $1,410,838 18,203,825 $1, 144, 122 $99,335,464 Fruits and vegetables. $44, 802, 66S Canned vegetables: Cases 19, 323, 730 Value $28,734,598 Tomatoes- Cases . . - 8, 700, 638 $13,666,660 Corn- Cases 6,336,984 Value $8, 191, 383 Peas- Cases 2,643,722 $4, 465, 673 Beans- Cases 1,493,617 $2, 025, 123 Asparagus- (') Value (') Pumpkins — 138,078 Value $202,404 Sweet potatoes- 83,526 Value $124, 246 All other- 27, 365 Value $59,210 Canned fruits; Cases 4,467,817 Value . $11,311,062 Peaches- 1,449,356 Value . . $4,283,165 Apples — 645,762 Value. .; $1, 125, 119 Apricots — 531,648 Value . . $1,583,262 Pears- 672,485 Value . . $2,188,201 Berries — Cases 600,419 Value.. . ... $1,092,975 Cherries — 114,367 Value . $307,788 All other- 453,780 Value $730,662 Dried fruits: 85,439,406 $4,767,005 Raisins — 14, 984, 221 Value $1,062,268 Prunes — 25,413,763 Value $970,927 Apples- 33,212,309 Value $1, 906, 642 Peaches- 5,662,390 Value . $312, 495 Apricots— 5,466,217 Value $465, 394 All other- 701,609 Value $49,276 Table 35- Cont'd. Fish and oysters. Value Canned flsh and oysters: Pounds Value Salmon — Pounds Value Sardines: Pounds Value Oysters- Pounds Value All other- Pounds Value Smoked fish: Poimds Value Herring — Pounds Value Salmon- Pounds Value Finnan haddie— Pounds Value All other— Potmds Value Salted fish: Pounds Value Cod— Potmds Value Mackerel- Pounds Value Herring— Pounds Value. Haddock- Pounds Value All other — Pounds Value A U other products, including pickles, pre- serves, and sauces. Value 1909 $27,618,289 236,418,713 $17,573,311 99,831,528 $8, 723, 566 90,694,284 $4, 931, 831 28,192,392 $2, 443, 101 16, 700, 609 $1,474,814 39, 814, 989 $2,900,417 21,369,866 $931,611 6,836,099 $950, 540 4,513,222 $304,620 7, 095, 812 $713, 646 128,539,299 $7, 174, 661 49, 494, 338 $3,077,612 9,046,469 $740,513 21, 718, 467 $461,287 7, 873, 166 $319,248 40, 407, 869 $2,575,901 $45, 105, 129 1904 $22,194,636 207,077,976 $13, 631, 786 48,128,926 $4,251,387 87,224,524 $4,380,498 59,249,043 $3,799,412 12,475,483 $1,100,489 36,617,904 $2,628,240 19,737,537 $631,352 6,833,560 $831,184 3,014,160 $174, 234 7,032,647 $891, 470 111, 728, 665 $6,134,609 48, 757, 819 $3,013,320 8, 326, 566 $678, 326 15, 824, 192 $409,223 4,737,975 $213, 394 34,082,113 $1,820,346 $35,272,585 1899 $18,807,542 $12,868,572 62,652,792 $6,679,324 44,951,244 $4,212,351 (0 $2,054,800 9,625,825 $922,097 21,108,066 $967,741 12,676,429 $330,590 1,975,647 $136,331 1,360,600 $75,360 5,195,490 $415,460 117,780,031 $4,981,229 64,731,210 $3,081,045 10,458,313 $662,008 18,933,426 $332,220 6,927,919 $197,360 21,729,163 $708,596 $35,725,257 1 In addition, products to the value of $6,423,199 were produced by establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of products other than those covered by the industry designation, as follows: Total.. Canned vegetables Calmed fruits Dried fruits pounds. . Canned fish pounds. . Smoked fish poimds. . Salted flsh pounds. . Pickles, preserves, and sauces Number. 769,017 27,474 1,007,033 531,054 924,785 4,630,322 Value. $5,423,199 1,714,909 76,964 53,169 19,649 38,841 143,540 3,376,137 ' In addition, 140, 263 cases of fruits and vegetables, to the value of $288,138; 1,847,625 pounds of fish, to the value of $274,403; and oysters, to the value of $12,900, were canned and preserved-by establishments engaged primarily in the manuiactnio of products other than those covered by the industry designation. ' Not reported separatBly . > Not reported. Flour-mill and gristmill products. — Table 36 presents statistics for flour-mills and gristmills, but does not include data for estabhshments engaged ex- clusively in custom grinding (see table on p. 513). The total quantity of all kinds of grain milled in 1909 was 806,247,961 bushels, as compared with 729,061,820 bushels in 1899, an increase of 10.6 per cent. The largest increases were in wheat and corn. STATES, CITIES, AND INDUSTRIES. 477 the former showing a gain of about 25,000,000 bushels and the latter a gain of about 29,000,000 bushels. The increase in the value of all products of flour mills and gristmills for the period 1899-1909 was 76.2 per cent. This gain was due mainly to advances in price, for the increases in quantity were relatively much smaller. The value of the wheat flour produced increased 64.7 per cent, but its quantity only 6 per cent, while the production of rye flour increased 54 per cent in value and only 6.2 per cent in quantity. The figures in the table indicate that higher unit values prevailed for all classes of products during 1909 than during the two prior census years. For the decade as a whole the percentage of increase in cost of materials, which constitutes by far the greater part of the value of products, was, however, even higher than that in value of products. Table 36 1909 1904 1899 MATERIALS. Total cost $767,676,179 808,247,961 496,480,314 209,281,237 11,603,969 7,156,062 24,509,770 50,241,598 7,075,011 I $883,584,405 105,756,645 $550,116,254 105,321,969 $548,017,654 434,676 $2,098,600 1,532,139 $6,383,538 176,081,891 $4,663,561 28,550,952 $486,000 21,552,737 $66,941,095 827,987,702 $12,509,493 5,132,369 $140,541,915 4,104,042 $89,814,427 $4,720,106 $7,408,016 $619,971,161 754,945,729 494,095,083 178,217,321 11,480,370 6,531,305 18,628,552 45,381,009 612,089 : $713,033,395 104,013,278 $480,258,514 103,608,350 $478,484,601 404,928 $1,773,913 1,503,100 $5,892,108 175,354,062 $4,379,359 68,608,656 $922,884 23, 624, 693 $56,368,556 756,861,398 $8,456,420 3,456,786 $76, 096, 127 4, 468, 626 $76, 106, 532 $4,554,895 $128,116,767 Grain ground or milled, bushels Wheat . .. - 729,061,820 471,306,986 Com 180, 673, 076 10,088,381 5, 490, 156 10,067,348 47,175,766 Other 4,360,107 PRODUCTS. $501,396,301 Wheat flour: 99,763,777 Value $333,997,686 White- Value Graham- m m Rye flour: Barrels 1,443,339 Value $4,145,565 Buckwheat flour: 143,190,724 Value $3,190,152 Barley meal: 91, 275, 646 $963,710 Com meal and com flour: 27,838,811 Value $52,167,739 Hominy and grits: 291,726,145 Value $2, 667, 084 Eeed: 3,993,080 Value $63,011,421 Oflal: 3,164,408 $36,679,196 All other cereal products— "breakfast foods," oatmeal, rolled oats, etc — P) $4,673,751 I In addition merohant-ground products, valued at $1,637,228, were made by establ4^ente eiS^S prtoarily in the mankacture of products other than those TOvered bv the indSstrf designation. The items covered by this amount were wheat flora 105 4?7 barrels, va!ued at $614,952; com meal, 32,804 barrels, valued at $87 6(^-™hmir 1620 barrels, valued at $12,330; teed, 33,765 tons valued at $907,165; and ofla7 627 tons valued at $15,274; and in addition, "breakfast foods " to the valueof 1136 978 613 were made by establishments engaged prraiarily in themanu- 7^turf of tiol prepSions. Sel note to table on page 613, for custom ground ""^■^sTn addition, " breakfast foods," to the value of $23,904,952, were made by estab- lishments en^ged primarily in the manufacture of food preparations, s Not reported separately. Rice, cleaning and polishing.— The foUowing table presenting statistics for the cleaning and pohshing of rice includes the quantity of rice milled, whether on a custom or exchange basis or in merchant mills. In 1909 there were 974,747,475 pounds of rice treated, as compared with 398,602,018 pounds in 1899, an increase of 144.5 per cent. The amount for 1909, however, was a Uttle less than that for 1904. In 1909 there were only 3,873,735 pounds of foreign rough rice treated, as against 39,414,459 pounds in 1899. At- tention is called to the fact that in 1909 whole rice formed 76.3 per cent of the total quantity of cleaned rice and broken rice 23.7 per cent, whereas in 1904 whole rice formed 65.9 per cent and broken rice 34.1 per cent of the cleaned-rice product. Table sr 1909 1901 1899 MA.TEBIAI.S. 974,747,476 970,873,740 3,873,735 1 $22, 371, 467 626,089,489 $20,685,982 477,589,004 $17,398,736 148,500,485 $3,287,246 29,821,813 $362,052 91,208,629 $736,215 $166,147 $421,061 999,727,650 990,473,626 9,254,026 $16,296,916 623,900,246 $16,357,133 411,208,943 $12,077,124 212,691,302 $3,280,009 33,290,331 $267,647 120,694,130 $601, 193 $116,360 $54,683 398,602,018 369,187,669 39,414,459 PBODDCTS. Total Talii6 $8,723,726 Clean rice: Pounds 243,031,200 Value m Whole- Pounds <') Value . W Broken- ^^ Value Polish: Pounds 15,134,648 Value P) Bran: 69,265,012 Value P) Hulls and waste - . . . . . P) P) > In addition, 48,160 pounds of clean rice, valued at $1,449, were produced by establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of products other than those covered by the industry designation. 2 Not reported separately. Slaughtering and meat packing. — Table 38 presents statistics for the wholesale slaughtering and meat- packing industry. It includes the manufacture of sausage when done in connection with slaughtering or meat packing or when carried on in independent establishments, but it does not include the rendering of lard in independent establishments or the opera- tions of retail butchers. The cost of all materials reported for the industry was $1,202,827,784 in 1909 and $685,310,099 in 1899, an increase of 75.5 per cent. The total value of products increased from $788,367,647 in 1899 to $1,370,568,101 in 1909, or 73.8 per cent. A portion of the dressed meat reported as material was obtained from slaughtering estabhshments in- cluded in the tabulation, and therefore is duplicated in the total value of products. On account of the higher prices in 1909, the per- centages of increase in value from 1899 to 1909 for the different kinds of products are somewhat greater than the percentages of increase in quantity. This is 478 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— MANUFACTURES. especially marked in the case of pork, which shows an increase of only 16,421,398 pounds, or less than 1 per cent, from 1899 to 1909, while the value of the product increased $166,376,042, or 51.9 percent. The quantity of lard increased 223,785,765 pounds, or 21.9 per cent, while its value increased $73,256,353, or 119.8 per cent. Table 38 MATERIALS. Total cost Animals slaughtered Beeves — Number Cost Weight, pounds— On the hoof... Dressed Calves- Number Cost Weight, pounds— On the hoof... Dressed Sheep- Number Cost Weight, pounds— On the hoof... Dressed Hogs- Number Cost .-. Weight, pounds— On the hoof... Dressed Goats and Mds — Number Cost All other Dressed meat, purchased . All other materials PEODUCTS. Total value Beef:s Pounds Value Fresh- Pounds Value Salted or cured — Pounds Value Veal, fresh: Pounds Value Mutton, fresh: Founds Value Pork: 3 Pounds Value Fresh- Pounds Value 1909 $1,202,827,784 $960,725,581 8,114,860 $392,127,010 8,265,991,836 4,409,718,922 2,504,728 $25,030,014 419,604,080 262,315,076 12,255,501 $59,924,931 987,566,521 496,640,869 33,870,616 $483,383,848 6,856,832,417 5,201,902,778 33,224 $121,230 $138,548 $93,409,286 $148,692,917 $1,370,568,101 4,335,674,330 , $339,742,608 4,209,196,668 $327,583,456 126,477,662 $12,159,152 252,997,078 $25,058,888 495,457,894 $50,735,116 4,377,127,187 $486,845,161 1,547,494,184 $158,714,862 1904 $811,426,662 $675,893,676 7,147,835 $289,040,930 7,485,407,944 4,066,264,877 1,568,130 $12,665,557 261,683,572 161,049,681 10,875,339 $44,359,804 930,168,367 464,872,621 30,977,639 $329,766,480 6,586,349,782 6,048,832,850 (') $61,905 $53,114,957 $82,416,929 $922,037,628 3,884,952,074 $265,204,676 3,748,055,377 $247,096,724 136, 8%, 697 $8,107,952 154,212,652 $12,856,369 460,754,244 $36,880,455 4,147,834,872 $340,686,644 1,224,932,910 $91,749,323 1899 $686,310,099 $570,183,432 6,625,824 $247,146,262 6,908,166,706 3,222,733,617 883,857 $7,252,546 124,354,340 79,498,483 9,110,172 $36,869,832 764,269,802 389,132,646 30,696,522 $278,370,494 6,676,709,331 5,203,280,487 ('! $554,299 $54,247,986 $60,878,681 $788,367,647 3,055,241,979 $220,496,401 2,917,653,476 $210,833,647 137,588,503 $9,661,754 84,548,128 $7,709,772 400,812,014 $32,681,457 4,360,705,789 $320,469,119 1,222,007,411 $83,934,324 PEODUCTS — continued . Pork *— Continued . Salted- Pounds Value Hams- Pounds Value Shoulders- Pounds Value Bacon and sides- Pounds Value Sausage, fresh or cured All other fresh meat: Pounds Value Canned goods: Pounds Value Lard: Pounds Value Tallow or oleo stock: Pounds Value Oleo oil: Gallons Value Other oils: Gallons Value Oleomargarine: Pounds Value Stearin: Pounds Value Glue and gelatine: Poimds Value Fertilizers and fertilizer materials: Tons (2, 000 pounds) Value Hides: Number Pounds Value Sheep pelts: Number Value .'. . . Goat and kid skins: ■ Number Value Wool: Pounds Value Amount received for custom or contract work All other products 1909 962,130,567 $96,969,048 789,861,744 $101,089,390 346,294,769 $33,226,458 741,346,933 $97,866,403 $59,564,582 257,809,083 $16,392,768 121,376,837 $16,346,643 1,243,667,604 $134,396,687 202,844,139 $13,499,659 19,692,172 $16,476,726 11,343,186 $6,350,746 42,912,466 $6,963,981 54,957,997 $6,871,936 27,936,035 $1,944,338 362,136 $8,726,818 9,660,138 504,563,930 $68,401,515 11,691,308 $11,404,556 33,359 $20,679 21,868,928 $8,327,095 $1,329,739 $93,170,064 1904 1,568,888,266 $118,626,710 1,364,015,706 $132,210,611 $33,179,235 124,307,681 $9,579,718 $16, 1,114,6 1,169,086,400 $82,540,964 8 19,454,799 $10,201,911 4,893,133 $2,596,961 17,526,466 $1,087,719 369,074 $7,204,061 8,039,204 466,443,857 $44,206,107 11,344,644 $8,964,643 [ii 16,377,333 $6,229,521 $198,825 $66,406,064 1899 1,371,384,691 $88,363,629 1,767,313,787 $148,171,166 $26,982,709 80,387,411 $7,810,563 112,443,021 $9,166,931 1,019,781,839 $61,140,234 8 19,111,120 $11,482,542 8,240,569 $3,438,368 8 168,505 $3,300,042 6,249,414 335,968,207 $33,883,026 13,176,686 $3,334,439 $141,164 $47,331,910 ' Figures not available. Sugar. — Tables 39, 40, and 41 show the quantity and value of the products made from sugar beets and sugar cane of domestic growth, and the quantity of beets grown and the acreage devoted to this crop. They do not include statistics for maple sugar and sirup, or for sirup produced on farms from sugar and sorghum cane, or the data for establishments engaged primarily in the refining of cane sugar or molasses. The value of products of the domestic beet- sugar and cane-sugar mills amounted to $77,991,683. In 1909 the value of products of the refineries above mentioned aggregated $248,628,659. Of this value the cost of materials, which consist chiefly of raw sugar imported from Cuba, Porto Rico, Hawaii, and the Philippines, represented 90.9 per cent. The ' Includes only the products specified. combined value of products of all establishments producing raw or refined sugar was $326,620,342 in 1909. This amount includes some duplication in the case of raw sugar produced by cane mills and used as material for the refineries. As shown by Tables 39, 40, and 41, the total pro- duction of sugar in 1909 from beets and cane of domestic growth was 828,540 tons, of which beet sugar consti- tuted 60.6 per cent and cane sugar 39.4 per cent. The output of beet sugar increased more than five- fold in quantity since 1899, while the production of cane sugar, for which statistics for previous censuses can not be presented in comparable form, has in- creased but slightly. The ton of 2,000 pownds is used in showing quantities. STATES, CITIES, AND INDUSTRIES. 479 Table 39 PEODUCT. 1909 Tons. Value. Total $77,991,683 48,122,383 29,869,300 Beet-sugar Industry Cane-sugar industry Sugar 828,540 601,682 326,858 72,033,302 45,937,629 26,096,673 5,958,381 2,184,754 3,773,627 Beet Cane Molaases, sirup, and all otiier products Beet Cane Table 41 The following table presents the statistics for the beet-sugar industry for the censuses of 1909, 1904, and 1899: Table 40 Acreage of sugar beets, total planted. Directly by factory By tenants of factory On contract by others than tenants of factory Beets used, tons ■ Grown directly by factory Grown by tenant^ of factory Grown on contract by others than tenants of factory Total value. Sugar: Granulated — Tons Value Raw- Tons Value Molasses or sirup: Gallons Value Beet pulp All other products. 1909 416,961 29,469 18, 166 368, 339 8,965,356 266, 768 163, 843 3, 634, 746 $48,122,383 496, 807 $45, 646, 810 4,876 S291, 819 20, 812, 747 $1, 129, 905 $795, 900 $258, 949 1904 840,767 20, 484 20,223 , 200,050 2,176,417 169, 839 210,247 1,795,331 $24,393,794 248, 309 $23,493,373 5,612 $431,229 9,609,542 $221, 097 $202, 070 $46,025 1899 136,306 10, 239 13, 074 111,992 794,668 23,241 95,071 676,346 $7,323,867 67, 843 $5, 580, 627 23, 886 $1,642,054 '3,551,866 $25,102 $21,822 $64, 362 • Includes quantities for which no value could be given; also wastage. The statistics for cane mills for 1909 are shown in detail in Table 41. T otal value Sugar: > Tons Value Vacuum pan- Tons Value Brown (open-kettle process)— Tons Value Molasses (liquid product from which more or less sugar has been extracted): Gallons Value Sirup (liquid product from which no sugar has been extracted): Gallons Value" All other products ' 1909 1 $30,620,738 $36,095,673 323, 180 $25,794,287 3,678 $301,386 24,587,681 $2,845,659 1,449,860 $366,632 $1,313,874 1 Does not include the operations of four establishments which manufacture sugar, two of which were operated in connection with penal institutions and two of which were engaged primarily in the manufacture of products other than those covered by the Industry designation. The output of these establishments was '7,281 tons of sugar and 693,302 gallons of molasses. 2 Cane sugar manufactured direct from cane, not including the refining of raw sugarpurchased. ' The value of sirup produced by establishments which manufacture no sugar is included under "All other products." TEXTILES. Statistics are presented for several branches of the textile and allied manufacturing industries, designated as follows: Carpets and rugs, other than rag; cordage and twine and jute and linen goods; cotton goods, ia- cluding cotton small wares; hats, fur-felt; hosiery and knit goods; oUcloth and linoleum; shoddy; silk and silk goods, including throwsters; and woolen, worsted, and felt goods, and wool hats. Table 42 shows the development of the textile industry since 1850. It covers all the industries mentioned above except the manufacture of fur-felt hats and of oilcloth and linoleum, for which statistics are shown in separate tables, and also includes the dyeing and finishing of textiles. Table 42 1909 (census 1904 (census 1899 (census 1889 (census 1879 (census 1869 (census 1859 (census 1849 (census of 1910) . of 1906). of 1900) . of 1890) . of 1880). of 1870). of 1860). of 1850). Number of estab- lish- ments. 5,362 4,737 4,521 4,420 4,143 4,855 3,068 3,025 Salaried employees. NUMBER ENGAGED IN INDUSTET.l 31,208 24,372 17,024 2 10,861 Wage earners (average number). 881,128 742,629 664,429 620,196 < 387,567 275,656 194,394 146,877 Capital. $1,841,242,131 1,351,461,715 1,049,636,201 772,673,605 414,179,946 298,611,518 160,206,862 112,613,947 Salaries. $49,123,634 32,862,121 23,632,773 2 12,743,405 Wages. $336,398,736 250,514,233 210,069,411 169,422,053 105,642,824 86,784,211 40,410,946 W Cost of materials. $992,636,299 753,174,981 527,209,771 454,272,489 306,495,799 354,462,813 113,082,036 76,715,969 Value of products. $1,684,636,499 1,226,686,444 940,052,688 768,367,264 638,401,222 622,312,413 215,166,444 128,769,971 Value added by manufacture. $695,001,200 472,511,463 412,842,917 314,084,765 231,906,423 167,869,600 102,084,408 62,054,012 1 Not inoludinK proprietors and firm members. ' Includes proprietors and firm members with their salaries. ' Not reported separately. I Includes 2,116 officers and clerks whose salaries were not reported. ' Not reported fully. The combined products of the industry in 1909 were valued at $1,684,636,499, an Lacrease of $744,583,811, or 79.2 per cent, over the total for 1899. The total includes considerable dupHcation of values, but probably no more, relatively, than at previous censuses. The percentage of increase since 1899 is the highest for any decade since that fr^m 1859-1869. In 1909 cotton goods contributed 37.3 per cent of the value of all products represented in the total; the products of the woolen industries, including carpets and rugs, 30.1 per cent; hosiery and knit goods, 11.9 per cent; sUk goods, 11.7 per cent; cordage and twine and jute and linen goods, 3.6 per cent; shoddy, four-tenths of 1 per cent; and the dyeing and finishing of textiles by independent establishments, 5 per cent. 480 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— MANUFACTURES. The following table gives the number of producing spindles in active textile mills at the time of each cen- sus from 1869 to 1909, iaclusive. It does not include spindles in establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of products other than textiles, nor spia- dles employed on flax, hemp, jute, and alhed fibers, of which latter class 142,169 were returned in 1909. Table 43 • NUMBER OF SPINDLES. Total. Ck)tton. Silk. Woolen. Worsted. 1909 (census of 19101.. 1904 (census ofigos) . . 1899 (census of 1900) . . 1889 (census of 1890).. 1879 (censusof 1880) . . 1869 (census of 1870).. 33,860,479 28,721,742 23,901,557 118,092,133 113,170,743 19,338,953 28,178,862 23,672,064 19,463,984 14,384,180 10,653,435 7,280,800 1,777,962 1,394,020 1,213,493 718,360 262,312 12,040 2,156,849 2,456,389 2,229,181 2,332,269 1,915,070 1,845,496 1,752,806 1,199,269 994,899 657,324 339,926 200,617 1 Includes some accessory spindles, except for silk. The percentage of increase in the total number of spindles was greater from 1899 to 1909 than for any other decade shown. In 1909 cotton spindles formed 83.2 per cent of the total number, silk spindles 5.2 per cent, and woolen and worsted spindles combined 11.5 per cent. In 1909 cotton spindles represented a slightly larger proportion of all spindles than in 1904 and 1899 and woolen and worsted spindles a slightly smaller proportion. The loom equipment of active establishments at the time of the several censuses, beginning with that of 1869, is presented in the following table. It does not include looms in establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of products other than textiles, nor looms employed on flax, hemp, jute, and similar fibers. Cotton looms operated by power formed 80.6 per cent of the total number of power looms in 1909; silk looms, 9.1 per cent; and those employed in the woolen industry, which includes the manufacture of woolen and worsted goods and carpets and rugs, 10.2 per cent. In 1899 the corresponding percentages were 79.5 for cotton looms, 7.7 for silk, and 12.8 for those in the woolen industries. Table 44 NUMBER OF LOOMS. CLASS OF LOOMS AND Total. Cotton Silk Woolen Worsted Carpets and rags. goods. goods. goods. goods. Power: 1909 ( censusof 1910). 825,478 665,652 75,406 33,148 39,476 11,796 19041 census of 1906). 696,785 559,781 69,775 38, 104 28, 123 11,002 18991 census of 1900). 573,214 455,752 44,257 36,734 26,630 9,841 18891 census of 1890). 412, 441 324,866 20,822 38, 623 19, 929 8,301 1879 census of 1880). 285,494 227, 383 6,321 32, 955 11,703 8,132 1869 ( census of 1870). censusof 1910). censusof 1905). 200,791 248 157,748 1,281 34,183 6,128 1,451 1909 ( (1 41 207 1904 1,039 (' 283 66 690 1899 censusof 1900). 1,311 f 173 83 1,056 1889 census of 1890). 4,823 (' 1,747 448 2,628 1879 1869 census of 1880). 7,929 (> 3,153 781 3,996 census of 1870). 4,163 (' 188 (') 3,975 1 Not reported. 2 Included with power looms. Carpets and rugs. — The following table presents statistics for the manufacture of carpets and rugs, exclusive of rag and grass carpets and rugs. Table 45 MATEEIAL3. Total cost Wool, in condition purchased: Pounds Cost Equivalent of above in scoured con- dition, pounds Animal hair: Pounds Cost Cotton: Pounds Cost Partly manufactured materials not made in mill reporting: Waste and noils- Pounds Cost Yams — Woolen— Pounds Cost Worsted- Pounds Cost Cotton — Pounds Cost Linen — Pounds (3ost Jute, ramie, and other vegetable fiber — Pounds (3ost Chemicals and dyestuSs All other materials PRODUCTS. Total value Carpets: Square yards Value Axminster and Moquette — Square yards Value Wilton- Square yards Value Brussels — Square yards Value Tapestry velvet- Square yards Value Tapestry Brussels — Square yards Value Ingrain — Square yards Value Rugs, woven Whole: Square yards Value Axminster and Moquette — Square yards Value Wilton- Square yards Value Brussels- Square yards Value 1 Tapestry velvet- Square yards Value Tapestry Brussels — Square yards Value Ingrain art squares- Square yards Value Smyrna- Square yards Value Other- Square yards Value All other products MACHINERT. Sets of cards Woolen Worsted Cotton Spindles Producing Doubling and twisting Looms, all classes 1909 $39,963,004 64,135,020 $11,752,396 51,474,353 5,400,944 $474,057 6,147,130 1533,302 2,732,034 1513,392 25,718,747 15,036,118 11,292,749 $5,588,915 26,166,241 $4,772,594 8,792,876 $1,606,009 55,692,343 $3,926,694 $1,729,492 $3,630,035 1 $71,188,152 57,176,729 $48,476,889 12,507,261 $13,680,806 4,576,368 $8,737,768 3,960,626 $5,216,607 2 6,927,198 2 $5, 514, 130 11,405,514 $8,576,906 17,799,762 $6,749,672 24,042,152 $18,490,449 3,184,097 $3,691,900 767,248 $1,381,562 476,831 $333,582 3,732,972 $3,513,063 5,672,962 $4,422,427 6,131,862 $2,408,960 1,400,233 $1,660,322 2,676,947 $1,078,633 $4,221,814 746 456 180 109 252,096 211,472 40,624 12,271 1904 $37,947,994 51,320,521 $10,431,146 31,651,895 6,806,802 $593,688 1,997,369 $251,112 2,172,481 $341,309 32,431,400 $6,648,001 11,365,993 $6,405,072 27,421,831 $4,757,850 8,228,200 $1,355,892 49,119,558 $3,404,516 $1,467,476 $3,291,992 1 $61,586,433 66,426,033 $43,991,125 6,413,686 $6,368,757 1,297,872 $2,726,667 3,024,162 $3,898,675 2 8,033,288 2 $7, 754, 681 14,099,074 $9,955,043 33,557,951 $13,287,302 16,244,810 $12,870,650 1,767,920 $2,107,383 1,097,186 $1,983,777 2,009,834 $1,509,673 7,135,546 $2,785,457 3,828,282 $4,134,500 406,042 $349,860 $4,724,658 59 255,347 211,331 44,016 13,853 $27,228,719 51,871,334 $8,104,107 37,660,231 6,189,767 $549,610 1,943,942 $129,449 2,326,064 $306,733 32,996,316 $6,030,654 9,218,267 $3,544,860 19,823,561 $2,744,928 8,388,211 $1,164,826 38,846,413 $2,476,029 $1,161,726 $2,026,797 $48,192,851 64,238,761 $36,405,926 6,026,778 $4,762,269 2 3,687,126 2 $4, 030, 842 2,686,493 $2,979,867 4,280,066 $3,743,363 8,737,449 $5,520,666 39,920,849 $14,368,930 12,171,289 $8,145,232 327,598 $342,262 339,784 $646,967 r^ 18,750 $9,000 2,722,323 $1,175,961 3,651,661 $3,680,618 6,111,173 $2,391,434 $4,641,193 <468 209,206 167,123 42,083 12,511 1 In addltion,in 1909 carpets and rugs, to the value of $479,161, and in 1904, to the value of $70,000, were made by establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of products other than those covered by the industry designation. 2 Includes Wilton velvet. 2 Not reported separately. < Not reported fully. STATES, CITIES, AND INDUSTRIES. 481 The aggregate production of carpets and rugs increased from 76,410,050 square yards in 1899 to 81,218,881 square yards in 1909, or only 6.3 per cent, but the value of the output increased from $43,551,158 in 1899 to $66,966,338 in 1909, or 53.8 per cent. The increase has been in all classes of rugs except Smyrna and "other rugs" and in all classes of carpets except ingrain. The cost of materials used increased at a rate almost equal to that of the value of products. The total carpet product decreased 11 per cent in quantity during the decade, but increased 36.9 per cent in value. The output of pile carpets increased 61.9 per cent in quantity and 98.3 per cent in value, while that of woven ply or ingrain carpets decreased 55.4 per cent in quantity and 53 per cent in value. The production of rugs woven whole increased 97.5 per cent in quantity and 127 per cent in value. More than two-thirds of the fiber material used in the manufacture of carpets is , yarn purchased, and to the extent that this yarn is manufactured by carpet mills there is a duplication in the products. Cordage and twine and jnte and linen goods. — ^Table 46 presents statistics for the manufacture of cordage and twine and jute and linen goods, including nets and seines, but does not include the figures for these classes of goods produced in penal institutions or in establish- ments engaged primarily in the manufacture of prod- ucts other than those covered by the industry desig- nation. The principal products manufactured in this coun- try from flax, hemp, and jute fibers are twine, rope, and thread, and yarns for sale to establishments using chiefly cotton, wool, and silk fibers. The production of linen toweling and other linen woven goods increased decidedly between 1899 and 1909, but this item is not shown separately in the table, because a very large proportion of the total product is manufactured by one establishment. The output of gunny bagging decreased from 74,090,760 square yards in 1899 to 69,311,288 square yards in 1909, while its value increased from $3,462,479 to$3,507,482. The aggregate rope and twine product in 1909 was 504,020,697 pounds, valued at $42,864,658, as compared with 343,656,384 pounds, valued at $31,250,468, in 1899. In 1899 cotton rope and twine formed 3 per cent of the total output of the cordage and twine industry, and in 1909, 7.4 per cent. This class of products increased 260.6 per cent in quantity and 372.9 per cent in value during the dec- ade while rope and twine of all other fiber increased 40 per cent in quantity and 21.6 per cent in value. In addition to the cotton rope and twine product included-in the figures given above, 21,319,678 pounds, valued at $3,581,917, were made in 1909 in mills engaged prunarily in the manufacture of cotton goods. 72497°— 13 31 Table 46 1909 1899 MATBKIALS. $10,914,810 335,460,574 119,314,306 17,222,998 $707,802 121,992,427 $4,134,265 138,364,122 $2,033,176 26,954,785 $3,174,609 19,724,070 $1,496,125 27,624,490 $2,922,933 7,077,959 $1,291,699 2,676,367 $445,378 $5,394,617 1 $61,019,986 $33,930,306 225,766,526 $16,960,280 150,169,682 $12,892,347 16,760,763 $3,011,613 27,749,512 $1,566,160 7,767,561 $499,906 $8,934,352 20,412,631 $3,518,036 35,516,217 $2,567,744 8,013,349 $1,091,291 2,967,053 $830,969 8,907,403 $936,312 $5,434,037 62,512,247 84,361,550 5,486,891 $982,742 732,120 $89,746 6,530,503 $3,407,008 69,311,288 $3,507,482 2,206,114 $549,221 $5,257,680 $33,063,793 Hard fibers: Sisal and manila hemp — 269,594,673 Cost. $17,743,624 Other kinds- 6,344,371 $352,528 Soft fibers: Jute- 87,443,201 Cost $2,431,429 Jute butts— 118,806,625 Cost $1,795,653 Flax and flax tow— 16,980,646 Cost $2,080,862 Hemp and hemp tow- 25,588,715 Cost $1,404,653 Cotton: 13,022,755 Cost $849,426 Yams, piu-chased: Cotton- 4,973,080 Cost $709,889 Flax hempjute, and ramie— 1,788,170 $262,156 $5,433,573 PRODUCTS. $49,077,829 $26,909,027 Sisal- Pounds . . 172,238,291 $14,005,566 Manila- Pounds ... 123,584,201 Value $12,192,798 Cotton rope- Pounds 1,615,824 Value • . Jute rope- $247,250 • 10,012,165 Value $463,413 All other- S Value $4,341,441 Cotton — 8,691,707 Value $1,133,640 Jute- 1,679,127 Value $117,539 Hemp— Pounds 9,065,024 Value $1,019,590 Flax- Pounds , 3,845,978 Value $969,469 riai or hemp mixed with jute- Pounds 12,924,067 Value'- $1,101,203 $4,455,734 Jute- Pounds 54,271,860 Value $3,230,835 Flax and hemp- 8,259,653 Value $1,125,971 Other- 946,567 Value $98,928 Linen thread: 4,021,044 Value $2,332,287 Gunny bagging: Square yards '. 74,090,760 Value . $3,462,479 Jute carpets and rugs: 2,953,658 Value $357,568 $7,219,093 1 In addition, cordage and twine and jute and linen goods to the value of $890,629 were made by establishments engaged primarily in the manu^tuie of products other than those covered by the industry desigjiation. ' Not reported. 482 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— MANUFACTURES. Cotton goods, including cotton small wares. — Table 47 presents the statistics for cotton manufactures, not including cotton hosiery and knit goods. The aggregate value of cotton woven goods manu- factured, exclusive of narrow weaves, such as tape and webbmg, was $456,089,401 in 1909, compared with $243,253,155 in 1899, an increase of 87.5 per cent for the decade. The rate of increase, however, in quan- tity was very much less, 6,348,568,593 square yards of woven goods being reported in 1909, compared with 4,523,430,616 in 1899, an increase of 40.3 per cent. The output of almost every class of woven goods increased dming the decade. The total production of yam in cotton mills in 1909 was 2,040,290,743 pounds, of which 470,370,99>5 pounds, valued at $109,314,953, were made for sale. Part of this yam was sold to other cotton mills, thus involving duplication in the total value of prod- ucts for the indjjstry. Some of it was sold to woolen and silk mills and a large quantity to knitting mills. Table 47 MATERIALS. Total cost Cotton: Pounds Cost Domestic- Pounds Cost Foreign- Pounds Cost Cotton yam: Pounds Cost Cotton waste: Pounds Cost starch: Pounds Cost Chemicals and dyestuffs All other materials PRODUCTS. Total value Woven goods: Square yards Value •... Plain cloths for printing or con- verting — Square yards Value Brown or bleached sheetings and shirtings — Square yards Value Twills and sateens — Square yards Value Fancy woven fabrics — Square yards Value Ginghams — Square yards Value Duck- Square yards Value Drills- Square yards Value Ticks, denims, and stripes — Square yards Value Cottonades — Square yards Value 1909 $37^,009,470 2,335,344,906 $274,724,210 2,259,312,974 $261,547,820 76,031,932 $13,176,390 126,707,003 $34,384,791 80,044,061 $4,225,790 71,774,574 $2,114,756 $4,886,514 $50,673,409 > $628,391,813 6,348,668,593 $456,089,401 2,224,677,848 $111,897,889 1,484,363,529 $88,802,985 388,314,961 $34,274,107 426,710,359 $47,498,713 537,430,463 $37,939,040 162,476,322 $27,485,892 238,869,407 $17,750,161 264,870,508 $27,350,162 25,676,286 $3,343,633 1901 $286,255,303 1,876,«7,150 $222,212,749 1,832,736,744 $214,615,844 43,700,406 $7,696,905 105,411,516 $24,611,200 76,678,645 $3,814,290 54,489,534 $1,506,804 $4,573,375 $29,536,885 $460,467,704 5,110,308,812 $324,747,837 1,818,216,172 $80,311,612 1,172,309,182 $61,253,376 366,142,513 $23,701,305 306,254,685 $28,486,342 302,316,132 $22,471,867 122,601,212 $17,005,982 194,735,303 $12,596,063 256,375,486 $23,797,578 25,362,346 $2,998,971 1899 $176,551,527 1,817,643,390 $125,169,616 1.761,798,468 $119,098,443 55,844,932 $6,071,173 94,692,864 $17,622,568 41,234,900 $1,515,591 53,800,734 $1,227,010 $5,718,107 $25,298,635 $339,200,320 4,523,430,616 $243,253,165 1,581,613,827 $57,780,940 1,212,403,048 $55,513,032 235,860,518 $14,301,302 237,841,603 $21,066,310 278,392,708 $16,179,200 129,234,076 $14,263,008 237,206,649 $11,862,794 181,800,853 $16,446,633 26,323,947 $2,791,431 PEODUCTS — continued . Woven goods— Continued. Napped fabrics — Square yards Value Corduroy, cotton, velvet, and plush- Square yards Value.. Mosquito and other netting — Square yards Value Upholstering goods- Square yards Value Tapestries (piece goods and curtains) — Square yards Value Lace and lace curtains — Square yards Value other- Square yards Value Bags and bagging- Square yards Value Cotton towels and toweling — Square yards Value Tape and webbing Yams for sale: Pounds Value Thread: Pounds Value Twine: Pounds Value Cordage and rope: Pounds Value Cotton waste for sale: 'Pounds Value All other products MACmHEEf. Producing spindles, number lyooms, all classes, number 1909 305,655,864 $25,695,367 19,706,438 $6,965,634 59,100,819 $2,103,560 94,840,051 $14,882,842 10,657,385 $4,723,907 81,007,314 $8,922,082 3,175,352 $1,236,863 63,107,568 $4,862,451 52,778,170 $6,037,075 $5,531,674 470,370,995 $109,314,953 23,700,957 $20,516,269 13,715,771 $2,417,391 7,603,907 $1,164,626 310,513,348 $10,874,386 $22,483,213 27,425,608 665,049 1904 330,808,140 $26,108,315 16,014,556 $4,790,573 36,232,918 $794,953 65,592,212 $12,111,698 9,605,006 $4,242,506 53,511,222 $7,208,211 2,475,984 $660,981 57,067,663 $3,953,732 40,280,292 $4,365,470 $4,060,488 364,634,753 $79,939,687 17,163,741 $15,043,043 7,301,589 $1,428,994 S 247,649,640 $10,062,057 $15,185,598 23,195,143 559,296 1899 268,852,716 $18,231,044 7,961,523 $2,682,017 41,885,02* » $875,868 61,314,609 $8,705,384 10,166,538. $4,168,600 37,825,198 $3,685,138 3,382,873 $961,646 32,739,616 $2,654,192 8 $2,621,402 332,302,621 $65,216,066. 15,907,058 $11,908,671 11,642,718 $1,546,611 270,862,613 $5,563,57» $19,190,845 19,050,952 455,752- ' In addition, cotton goods to the value of $2,224,096 were made by establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of products other than those covered by the industry designation. 2 Not reported separately. Felt goods. — Table 48 covers the statistics for all estabhshments engaged primarily in the manufacture of felt goods except those making hats. The aggre- gate value of products of the three felting indus- tries — the manufacture of felt goods, fur-felt hats, and wool-felt hats— was $64,099,667 in 1909, $48,035,213 in 1904, and $37,864,818 in 1899, the increase in value from 1899 to 1909 being 69.3 per cent. The value of products for the felt-goods industry, exclusive of the making of felt hats, was $11,852,626 in 1909 and $6,461,691 in 1899, an increase for the decade of 83.4 per cent. The increase in the production of endless belts during the decade was particularly large, amounting to 191 per cent in quantity and 215.1 per cent in value. STATES, CITIES, AND INDUSTRIES. 483 Ta6le 48 1U.IEBIALS. Total cost Wool, in condition puichased: Pounds Cost Equivalent of above in scoured condition, pounds Animal hair, etc.: Founds Cost Cotton: Pounds Cost Shoddy, mungo, and wool extract: Founds Cost Waste and noils: Pounds Cost Ohemici^ls and dyestufls. All other materials PRODUCTS. Total value Felt cloths: Square yards Value Trimming and lining felts, felt skirts, etc.: Square yards Value Saddle felts: Pounds Value Endless helts: Pounds Value Boot and shoe linings: Square yards Value Hair felting: Square yards Value 1909 All other felts All other products.. MACHINEBY. Sets of cards Woolen Cotton Spindles Producing Doubling and twisting.. Looms, all classes $6,967,206 12,409,826 $3,927,393 9,308,172 8,144,011 $239,244 1,375,670 $155, 81S 2,536,243 $261,878 4,874,712 $1,220,110 $219,891 $942,875 $11,852,626 3,764,468 $1,381,854 6,963,410 $1,329,686 1,650,991 $575,849 3,243,034 $3,417,822 1,661,090 $514,456 1,159,999 $531,045 $3,549,876 $552,038 473 472 1 30,353 29,463 890 408 1904 $9,751,026 11,868,238 $3,388,588 8,131,082 6,974,634 $373, 797 1,982,624 $217,200 1,632,127 $157,031 1,948,969 $452,609 $189,750 $975,151 $8,948,694 3,689,610 $1,830,627 5,145,340 $1,188,908 1,770,124 $1,707,216 2,823,137 $781,460 605,214 $191,998 $2,592,894 $656,501 461 12 17,817 17, 457 360 265 1899 $3,801,038 9,606,263 $2,196,440 6,468,097 2,819,521 $126,803 1,226,850 $77,683 712,373 $80,737 2,653,690 $562,992 $128,296 $639,077 $6,461,691 2,056,002 $548,543 2,469,830 $796,718 1,114,367 $1,084,835 1,052,538 $540,110 125,000 $56,960 $2,261,918 $1,172,617 24,286 23,236 1,061 284 ' Not fully reported. Hats, fur-felt and wool-felt. — The total output in 1909 of establishments engaged primarily in the manu- facture of fur-felt or wool-felt hats was 42,962,508 hats of all varieties, valued at $47,089,253; in 1904 it was 36,695,952 hats, valued at $36,604,304; and in 1899, 32,325,564 hats, valued at $28,546,867. Fur-felt hats, generally known as felt hats, formed 83.5 per cent of the total number in 1909 and 69.9 per cent in 1899, while wool-felt hats, generally known as wool hats, formed 16.5 per cent of the total in 1909 and 30.1 per cent in 1899. There is some dupHcation in value of products, due to the use of felt hat bodies and hats in the rough made at one establishment as material at aiiother. The following table gives the quantity and value of the materials and products of the fur-felt hat industry in 1909, 1904, and 1899. The products increased in value 72.1 per cent during the decade, and the number of finished hats increased 58.8 per cent. Table 49 MATEBIALS. Total cost Hatters' fur: Pounds Cost Fur-felt hat bodies and hats In the rough; Dozens Cost Chemicals and dyestufls All other materials PRODUCTS. Total valne Fur-felt h^ts: Dozens Value Fur-felt hat bodies and hats in the rough; Dozens Value All other products Work on materials for others 1909 $22,109,231 8,645,576 $9,278,922 406,447 $2,576,248 $843,687 $9,411,474 1 $47,864,630 2,989,252 $43,442,466 366,370 $2,703,738 $1,164,872 $653,654 19M $16,975,206 6,718,359 $6,743,936 211,760 $1,361,372 $1,140,281 $6, 739, 617 $36,629,360 2,611,875 $34,314,234 88,986 $660,959 $1,093,361 $660,799 1899 $13,613,668 6,166,269 $6,376,991 148,212 $882,986 $656,794 $5,596,897 $27,811,187 1,882,372 $25,385,506 165,010 $992,730 $941,032 $491,919 ' In addition. In 1909, fur-felt hats, to the value of $806,601, and in 1904, to the value of $333,441, were made by establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of products other than those covered by the industry designation. The statistics for the manufacture of wool-felt hats are given in the following table. The increase in the total value of aU products for the decade was 22.1 per cent. The output of finished wool hats in 1909, though greater than in 1904, showed a decrease of 27.2 per cent as compared with 1899. Table 50 1909 1904 1899 MATEBIALS. Total cost $2,172,263 1,203,498 $404,127 989,110 1,281,764 $661,172 21,864 $83,020 $104,503 $1, 219, 441 1 $4,382,411 590,967 $3,646,787 53,896 $309,492 $426,132 $1,369,810 1,633,525 $496,694 1,231,576 287,363 $119,407 12,089 $26,997 $63,906 $664,907 $2,157,266 446,121 $2,290,070 18,587 $100,491 $66,705 $2,012,202 2,713,374 N $788,973 \ 1,898,605 862, 982 Wool, in condition purchased: Cost . Equivalent of above in scoured con- HitHftTi, pnnnrls Wool waste and noils: Cost $370,792 4,939 Wool-felt hat bodies and hats in the rough; $13,920 $108,502 $760,016 $3,691,910 811 425 r.hpTninals anH (^ynstnffs PRODUCTS. Wool-felt hats: Dozens Value $3,161,361 56,006 $120,262 $310,317 Wool-felt hat bodies and hats In the rough: Dozens Value All other products I In addition , wool-felt hats, to the value of $904, 643, were made by establishments engaged primarily In the manufacture of products other than those covered by the industry designation. Hosiery and knit goods. — Table 51, presenting the statistics for hosiery and knit goods, includes hand- knit as well as machine-knit goods. The total cost of materials in the hosiery and knit- goods industry was $110,241,053 in 1909, $76,789,348 in 1904, and $51,195,330 in 1899. The cost of cotton and cotton yarn represented 51.7 per cent of the total cost of material used in 1909, 52.4 per cent in 1904, and 50.3 per cent in 1899. A portion of the yam re- ported as material was purchased from other establish- 484 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— MANUFACTURES. ments included in this classification and is therefore duplicated in the value of products. The increase in the total cost of materials in 1909 over the cost for 1899 was 115.3 per cent, and the increase in the total value of products was 108.8 per cent. Of the total value of the products, shirts and drawers contributed 34.8 per cent in 1909 and 47.7 per cent in 1899, while hosiery contributed 34.3 per cent in 1909 and 28.6 per cent in 1899. The hosiery product increased in value from $27,420,029 in 1899 to $68,721,825 in 1909, or 15Q.6 per cent, and shirts and drawers from $45,675,594 to $69,592,817, or 52.4 per cent. Sweaters, cardigan jackets, etc., show the largest relative increase in value for the decade^ and combination suits the next largest, the value of the former increasing from $3,498,837 to $22,430,817, or more than fivefold, and that of the latter from $3,691,847 to $14,853,536, or about threefold. Table 51 MATEBIAL3. Total cost Cotton: Pounds Cost Wool, in condition purchased: Pounds Cost Equivalent of above in scoured condition, pounds Sboddy, purchased: Pounds Cost Wool waste and noils, purchased: Pounds , Cost Yarns, purchased: Cotton — Pounds Cost Worsted — Pounds Cost Woolen — Pounds Cost Merino — Pounds Cost Silk and spiHi silk — Pounds.'- Cost Chemicals and dyestuffs All other materials Yarns made in mill for use tlterein. Cotton, pounds Woolen, pounds Worsted, pounds Merino, pounds PBODUCTS. Total value Hosiery: Dozen pairs Value Cotton, merino, and woolen — Hose — Dozen pairs Value Cotton — Dozen pairs Value Merino or mixed — Dozen pairs Value Woolen or worsted — Dozen pairs Value Halt hose — Dozen pairs Value Cotton — Dozen pairs Value Merino or mixed — Dozen pairs Value Woolen or worsted- Dozen pairs Value 1909 $110,241,053 76,416,023 $8,803,509 7,068,788 $2,919,055 5,582,839 7,482,653 $919, 970 8,686,261 $2,813,129 216,987,611 $48, 166, 749 10,370,004 $10,116,325 6,140,265 $3,834,094 4,014,609 $2,667,051 982, 763 $3,606,599 $2,541,939 $23,853,633 69,171,277 8,316,349 223,404 20,856,989 ' $200,143,527 62, 825, 069 $68,721,825 34,499,562 $37,903,011 32,499,104 $34,078,622 834,029 $1, 466, 283 1, 166, 429 $2,358,106 27,891,093 $27, 218, 398 24,805,017 $21,831,365 2.023,641 $3,299,912 1,061,535 $2,087,121 1904 $76,789,348 50, 586, 760 $5,869,317 17,300,616 $6,163,858 13, 909, 144 7,489,358 $923, 719 6,020,459 $1, 711, 669 161,500,466 $34,372,910 8,789,570 $7,457,690 4,839,343 $2,798,464 2,668,890 $1,118,999 320,671 $1,200,269 $1,677,252 $13,506,221 39,954,890 '$137,076,454 44,186,063 $44,113,260 25, 999, 813 $26,152,043 24, 169, 804 $22, 764, 799 746,226 $1, 182, 164 1,083,783 $2,205,080 18, 144, 185 $17,438,914 16,223,243 $11, 821, 830 1,611,066 $2, 214, 678 1, 309, 876 $3,402,406 1899 $51,195,330 49,451,301 $3,561,592 17,953,907 $5,262,136 13,031,308 3,770,626 $488, 792 8,276,464 $1,487,907 131,820,068 $22,204,918 5,823,216 $4,866,304 2,621,893 $1,257,587 1,981,484 $642,535 266,247 $946, 801 $1,023,161 $9,454,698 40,846,889 $95,833,698 29,903,899 $27, 420, 029 16, 641, 769 $16,203,372 15,028,173 $13, 276, 732 436,891 $659,959 1, 176, 705 $2,267,681 13,249,668 $11,030,244 11,362,081 $7,906,945 967,620 $1,384,764 939,957 $1,738,636 PBODUCTS — continued. Hosiery— Continued. SUfc- Dozen pairs Value Shirts and drawers: Dozens Value All cotton- Dozens Value Merino or mixed — Dozens Value All wool — Dozens Value Silk and silk mixed- Dozens Value Combination suits: Dozens Value All cotton — Dozens Value Merino or mixed — Dozens Value All wool — Dozens Value Silk or silk mixed — Dozens Value Sweaters, cardigan jackets, etc.: Dozens Value Gloves and mittens: Dozen pairs Value Hoods, scarls, nubias, etc.: Dozens Value Shawls: Value Boot and shoe linings: Square yards Value Yams for sale Cotton — Pounds Value Woolen, worsted, and merino — Pounds Value All other products MACHINEEY. Sets of cards Cotton Woolen Worsted Spindles Producing Doubling and twisting Knitting machines, all classes. Sewing machines, all classes... 1909 434, 414 $3, 600, 416 26,337,779 $69,592,817 22,567,121 $50,007,598 2,536,473 $17,065,624 178, 163 $1,820,621 56,022 $709,074 2, 473, 103 $14,853,636 2, 047, 637 $9,713,697 364, 387 $4,217,432 50, 102 $683,289 10,977 $239,218 2,221,410 $22,430,817 2,527,889 $7,296,887 888,223 $3,217,985 218,923 $916,294 9, 726, 770 $1,209,464 $1,785,531 7,457,412 $1,568,417 488,322 $217, 114 $10,118,371 2,681 1,827 844 10 736, 774 729,935 6,839 115,019 43,885 1904 42,065 $522,303 19, 723, 141 $56, 643, 860 17,107,958 $39, 658, 762 2, 113, 810 $13,031,754 485,328 $3,647,934 16,045 $305,410 1, 440, 420 $6, 793, 947 1, 260, 301 $4,478,664 105,242 $1,199,949 68,067 $966, 132 6,810 $150, 202 811, 629 $8,345,369 2,260,508 $5,556,260 689, 316 $1,774,862 435,306 $1,293,348 11,768,961 $1,249,401 $1,000,083 3,304,615 $654,234 491.669 $345,849 $10, 306, 064 2,001 1,000 977 24 603,180 596,362 6,818 88,374 30, 410 1S99 12,672 $186,413 15,873,700 $45,675,694 12,058,431 $26,882,902 2,675,416 $13,293,829 1,085,046 $4,980,818 64,807 $618,045 986,865 $3,691,847 824,632 $2,240,666 139,994 $1,133,328 9,501 $201,667 12,728 $116,286 594,090 $3,498,837 1,898,587 $4,244,046 343,429 $1,002,392 157,622 $328,720 10, 406, 440 $2,205,003 $498,790 2,419,282 $422,100 134,529 $76,690 $7,268,434 1,161 ^'\,161 (') 521,871 510, 172 11,699 89,047 24,535 1 Not reported. ! In addition, in 1909, hosiery and knit goods, to the value of $2,975,749, and In 1904, to the value of $1,579,633, were made by establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of products other than those covered by the industry designation. Oilclotli and linoleum. — ^Table 52 presents the sta- tistics of the production of oilcloth, linoleum, and artificial leather. Artificial leather, which at former censuses was included under upholstering materials, was reported separately for the first time at the census of 1909. At the census of 1899 oilcloth and linoleum were not reported in detail, but the total value of these products was $11,402,620. This had increased to $13,977,137 in 1904 and to $22,525,940 in 1909. The production of oUcloth in 1909 was in the aggreg&te 96,862,068 square yards and in 1904 71,057,684 square yards, an increase for the five years of 36.3 per cent. The linoleum product increased rela- tively much more; it amounted to 30,676,254 square yards in 1909 and 16,891,462 square yards in 1904, an increase of 81.6 per cent. STATES, CITIES, AND INDUSTRIES. 485 Table 5Z PBODUCT. 1909 1904 Total value 1 $26,253,796 $11,681,012 18,354,861 $3,776,660 17,338,440 $2,265,146 61,168,777 $5,639,206 $10,844,928 26,215,979 $7,850,437 4,460,275 $2,994,491 11,869,875 $3,448,617 $279,239 $14,792,246 $8,648,337 21,456,615 $3,665,689 11,674,986 $1,542,467 38,026,083 $3,640,181 $5,328,800 14,765,284 $4,223,992 2,126,178 $1,104,808 $815,109 Oilcloth Floor- Square yards Value Enameled— Square yards vsiue... .:::.:: Table- Square yards Value Linoleum Linoleum, including cork carpet- Square yards Value Inlaid linoleum- Square yards Value Value All other products 1 In addition, products to the value of $33,328 were reported by establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of products other than those covered by the Industry designation. The production of artificial leather is Included under '' up- holstering materials" in Table 110. ' Figures not available. Shoddy. — The statistics given in the following table relate only to establishments primarily engaged in the manufacture of shoddy, mungo, and wool extract, and do not include those for spinning and weaving mills and hosiery and knit-goods factories which manu- facture shoddy for their own use or for sale. Mills engaged in the cutting of flocks and the cleaning and garnetting of waste are included, as in previous cen- suses. The total cost of materials used was $5,000,706 in 1909, and the total value of the products was $7,446,364, both of these amounts being somewhat larger than in 1899 but smaller than in 1904. The total output of the products specifically classified was 57,888,999 pounds in 1909, 63,787,770 pounds in 1904, and 47,684,714 pounds in 1899. Table 53 MATERIALS. Total cost Tailors' clippings, rags, etc.: Pounds Cost Waste and noils of wool, mohair, camel's hair, etc.: Pounds Cost Wool, in condition purchased: Pounds Cost Equivalent of above in scoured con- dition, pounds Chemicals and dyestufls AU other materials Total value Shoddy and mungo: Pounds Value Wool extract: Pounds Value Waste: Pounds Value Flocks: Pounds Value All other products Work on materials for others.. MACHINERY. Pickers, number Gamett machines, number.... 1909 $5,000,706 64,561,713 $3,051,045 7,567,579 $917,976 237,097 $98,032 196,097 $138,241 $795,412 1 $7,446,364 48,375,"724 $5,699,260 5,637,514 $865,528 2,237,748 $275,545 1,638,013 $107,697 $268,708 $229,626 346 158 1904 $6,055,731 68,921,097 $4,295,641 8,177,846 $909,754 597,492 $127,927 421,492 $142,456 $579,964 $8,406,425 54,401,295 $6,831,689 6,375,768 $727,912 42,504 $1,644 2,968,203 $143,636 $365,806 $336,939 317 116 1S99 $4,879,192 79,623,312 $3,668,706 4,236,028 $693,972 422,349 $127,099 242,997 $111,095 $384,320 $6,730,974 39,014,661 $5,388,378 4,980.826 $620,504 1,608,470 $148,043 2,080,758 $131,894 '$151,494 $290,661 (•) Silk and silk goods. — ^The following table, which presents statistics for the manufacture of sUk and sUk goods, includes data for establishments that make a specialty of throwing and winding silk: 1 In addition, shoddy to the value of $367,278 w^ inade for sale . ments engaged primarily in the manufacture of products other than by the industry designation. « Mot reported. by establish- those covered Table 54 MATERIALS. Total cost Silk: Eaw— Pounds Cost.... Spun— • Pounds Cost Artificial— Pounds Cost Organzine and tram, purchased— Pounds Cost Fringe and floss, including waste, nous, etc., purchased— Pounds Cost Yams, other than silk: Cotton, including mercerized — Pounds Cost Woolen or worsted- Pounds Cost Mohair- Pounds Cost All Other- Pounds Cost Chemicals and dyestufifs All other materials PRODUCTS. Total value Broad silks: Yards Value Plain and fancies— AU silk- Yards Value Silk mixed — Yards Value Jacquard— AU silk- Yards Value..: Silk mixed — Yards Value Piece-dyed — AU siUc— Yards Value Silk mixed — Yards Value Velvets: Yards Value Plushes: Yards Value Tapestries and upholstery: Yards Value Ribbons Laces, nets, veils, veiling, etc Embroideries Fringes and §imps Braids and bmdings Trimmings Machine twist: Pounds ' Value Sewing, embroidery, ^vash, fringe, and floss silks: Pounds Value Organzine and tram, for sale: Pounds Value Spun silk, for sale: Pounds Value All other products Work done on materials for others 1909 $107,766,916 17,472,204 $67,787,037 2,212,972 $4,848,789 914,494 $1,926,894 3,377,972 $14,679,719 2,402,960 $1,637,187 14,111,878 $5,811,582 610,588 $765,989 710, 108 $640,529 363,780 $456,597 $1,062,313 $8,150,280 3 $196,911,667 185,707,316 $107,881,146 81,934,168 $53,282,704 24,742,556 $14,207,861 13,249,090 $9,836,345 6,043,686 $3,473,799 19,693,393 $11,353,242 40,044,433 $15,728,195 10,093,683 $4,767,990 2,769,411 $2,104,768 226, 717 $382,820 $32, 744, 873 $1,350,850 $486,322 $824,527 $4,483,248 $3,850,448 1,088,780 $6,341,719 747, 246 $4,179,355 2,740,319 $12,550,510 779,462 $2,104,066 $4,495,675 $8,364,350 1904 $75,861,188 11,572,783 $45,318,416 1,961,201 $4,310,061 466,151 $1,623,473 3,236,744 $14,552,425 149,811 1 $187, 169 9,018,295 $3,057,989 443,155 $409,867 138,389 $137,097 130,930 $108,841 $666,992 $6,488,868 $133,288,072 124,87L215 $66,91^762 68,393,042 $40,741,480 9,061,025 $6,343,472 8,143,091 $6,927,063 2,336,120 $1,229,648 21,334,584 $9,276,445 15,603,363 $4,399,654 7,262,315 $3,161,206 2,547,367 $1,340,816 1,766,210 $1,559,982 $21,890,604 $745,489 $112,362 $1,016,954 $3,493,977 $3,107,697 932,998 $5,521,055 811,711 $4,625,016 2,025,645 $9,190,650 570,629 $1,660,647 $5,227,800 S3, 716, 056 1899 $62,406,669 9,760,770 $40,721,877 1,550,291 $3,406,059 6,066 $10,380 2,338,464 $10,539,632 1,735,179 $1,008,947 6,664,069 $1,996,233 239,461 $167,770 104,810 $107,365 108,388 $134,986 $4,313,416 $107,266,258 87,636,883 $52,152,816 53,573,488 $33,852,111 8,963,315 $6,460,710 7,532,229 $5,379,001 1,677,466 $1,260,321 7,331,601 $3,342,167 8,568,884 $2,868,506 5,122,249 $2,479,903 3,848,684 $2,480,068 1,333,119 $1,009,835 $18,467,179 $803,104 $67,625 $444,787 $1,522,565 $2,034,076 987,917 $5,997,974 739,301 $4,248,216 2,408,387 $11, 167, 191 ■ 437,459 $1,026,227 $1,027,472 $2,337,220 1 Does not include waste, noils, etc. * Not reported separately. 2 In addition, silk and silk goods to the value of $1,218,101 were made by estab- lishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of products other than those covered by the Industry designation. 486 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— MANUFACTURES. The increase in the cost of materials and in the value of products for the period 1899-1909 was 72.7 and 83.6 per cent, respectively. Considerable dupUcation occurs in the total cost of materials and in the total value of products shown in the preceding table. To eliminate this duplication the following method may be used: (1) organzine and tram, reported as material and product, is deducted from both materials and products, respectively; (2) spun silk, reported as a product, is deducted from both materials and prod- ucts; (3) fringe and floss, reported as material, is de- ducted from both materials and products; and (4) amount received for contract work, reported as product, is deducted from products. The total production of broad weaves in 1909 was 198,787,027 running yards, single width, valued at $115,136,724, compared with 97,940,935 yards, valued at $58,122,622, in 1899, the increase in quantity being 103 per cent and that in value 98.1 per cent. Broad silks formed over nine-tenths of aU broad weaves in 1909, the increase in the output between 1899 and 1909 being 111.9 per cent. The increase in the output of all other broad weaves combined — velvets, plushes, tapestries, and upholsteries — was only 26.9 per cent. In 1899 all-sUk goods constituted 78.1 per cent of the broad-silk product, and siUc-mixed goods 21.9 per cent, whereas in 1909 the proportion for the latter had risen to 38.1 per cent and that for the former had fallen to 61.9 per cent. The change was due to an increase during the decade of 268.9 per cent in the output of silk-mixed broad silks, while that for all-silk was only 67.9 per cent. Between 1899 and 1909 the rate of increase in the output of broad woven silk goods was much greater than that for either broad woven cotton or broad woven woolen goods, the increases for the three classes being 103, 40.3, and 33.8 per cent, respectively. Woolen and worsted goods. — ^The following table presents statistics for establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of woolen and worsted goods. The total value of products for the industry involves considerable dupHcation, due to the use of partly finished products of some estabhshments as material for others. In 1909 the estabhshments in this in- dustry produced 570,743,797 square yards of woven goods, exclusive of upholstery goods and sundries, compared with 505,821,956 square yards in 1904 and 426,572,856 in 1899, the increase for the decade being 33.8 per cent. The value of these goods was $296,447,594 in 1909, $234,737,036 in 1904, and $183,306,664 in 1899, an increase for the decade of 61.7 per cent. The highest rate of increase was reported for the all-wool woven group, the output of which increased 49.3 per cent in quantity. The output of unions decreased decidedly, while that of cotton-warp woven goods increased 37.6 per cent in quantity. The aU-wool yardage constituted 56.6 per cent of the total in 1909 and 50.7 per cent in 1899, while the union yardage constituted 6.6 per cent of the total in 1909, as compared with 13.4 per cent in 1899. Cotton-warp fabrics formed about the same proportion of the total in both years — somewhat over one-third. There has thus been a considerable shift dm-ing the decade from the manufacture of cotton- mixed to that of all-wool goods. Table 53 MATERTAL9. Total cost Wool: In condition purchased— Pounds Cost Domestic- Pounds Cost Foreign- Pounds Coat Equivalent in scoured condition, pounds Mohair, camel, alpaca, and 'vicuna hair: Pounds Cost Cow and other animal hair: Pounds Cost Cotton: Pounds Cost Tailor's clippings, rags, etc.: Pounds Cost Shoddy, mungo, and wool extract purchased: Pounds Cost Waste and noils of wool, mohair, camel's hair, etc., purchased: Pounds Cost Tops purchased: Pounds Cost 1909 $273,438,670 474,765,366 8136,666,917 310,602,279 $85,018,238 164,153,087 S61,648,679 290,706,970 7,806,422 82,399,123 17,356,100 8932,911 20,024,061 82, 615, 409 40, 402, 460 82,856,966 21,454,187 83,068,214 26,473,311 $7,523,283 20,828,245 $14,614,527 1901 $197,489,306 418,703,811 8105,433,451 319,800,490 878,673,136 98,903,321 826,760,315 241,280,065 6,507,631 81,967,581 22,987,332 81,369,776 32,613,408 84,072,907 79,367,290 $5,668,634 31,919,456 $4,472,666 26,032,838 86,056,227 9,160,929 $5,073,078 1899 $148,087,178 330, 178, 652 $78,803,830 250,393,205 $59,046,158 79,786,347 $19,757,672 192,706,519 5,003,966 $1,857,707 20,536,079 $1,170,766 40,244,710 $3,280,000 33,036,767 $4,070,836 15,714,171 $3,891,369 6,566,108 $2,865,646 MATERIALS— continued . Yams purchased: Woolen — Pounds Cost Worsted- Pounds Cost Merino — Pounds Cost Cotton- Pounds Coat Silk and spun ailk— Pounds Cost All other— Pounds Cost Chemicals and dyestufls. All other materials PEODUOTS. Total value All-wool woven goods: Square yards Value Wool cloths, doeskins, i meres, cheviots, etc. — Square yards Value Wqrsted coatings, sferges, suitings — Square yards Value and 1909 931,222 $558,270 69,148,771 856,033,701 1,971,709 $318,456 39,169,388 $10,492,185 282,536 81,142,663 1,046,735 840,739 88,820,928 $25,464,278 : $419,743,521 322,944,366 $219,853,767 40,843,979 $29,291,059 119,655,069 $101,903,163 1901 6,750,088 82,622,882 31,047,516 $24,904,511 2,458,086 $681,107 32,598,072 $8,032,773 412,307 81,679,883 411,779 821,118 87,456,550 $18,086,162 2 $307,941,710 260 $168: 42. $29! $66; 567, 488 i, 390, 336 1,487,566 ,666,252 ,592,811 ,731,196 5,906,862 $2,675,143 26,110,939 $19,495,251 3,634,679 8664,527 35,342,726 $6,814,279 131,915 $529,789 1,127,926 $65,434 $6,596,160 $16,307,651 $238,744,503 216,369,702 $117,767,169 34,298,426 $22,645,869 54,033,679 $43,003,650 1 Not reported separately. 2 In adclition, in 1909, woolen and worsted goods, to the value of $1,281,292, and in 1904, to the value of 3362,966, were made by establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of products other than those covered by the industry designation. STATES, CITIES, AND INDUSTRIES. 487 Table 55— Continued. PKODTTCTS— continued . All-wool woven goods— Continued. Woolen overcoatings, cloaklngs, kerseys, etc. — Square yards Value Worsted overcoatings and cioak- ings— Square yards Value Wool drees goods, sackings, tri- cots, etc., and opera and similar flaimels— Square yards Value Worsted dress goods, cashmeres, serges, bunting, etc.— Square yards Value Carriage clotha— Square yards Value ,.._, Flannels for underwear — Square yards Value Blankets- Square yards Value " ' Horse blankets- Square yards Value Woven shawls- Square yards Value All other- Square yards Value Union, or cotton mixed, woven goods; Square yards Value Unions, tweeds, cheviots, cassi- meres, etc. — Square yards Value Overcoatings and cloaklngs — Square yards Value Sackings, tricots^ dress goods, and opera and similar flannels- Square yards Value Flannels for underwear- Square yards Value Blankets — Square yards Value All other- Square yards Value Cotton-warp woven goods: Square yards Value Wool fllling cassimeres, doe- skins, jeans, tweeds, coatings, etc. — Square yards Value Worsted filling cassimeres, doe- skins, jeans, tweeds, coatings, etc. — Square yards Value Wool filling overcoatings and cloaklngs— Square yards Value Satinets and linseys— Square yards Value 1909 14,697,770 811,230,866 654,404 S821,688 29,099,956 $16,385,498 105,801,349 $54,030,376 1,782,855 $947,862 3,866,353 $1,257,271 6,137,903 $3,228,797 247,395 $186,430 704, 153 $404,583 463, 179 $167,194 37,453,361 $14,327,973 18,917,478 $7,780,854 4,281,739 $2,363,381 4,319,639 $1,776,721 7,063,572 $1,308,369 1,717,758 $650,714 1,153,265 $447,934 210,346,081 $62,265,854 46,244,866 $12,107,320 29,220,262 $16,009,081 2,076,502 $771,879 5,102,460 $912, 182 1904 22,411,530 $16,934,112 1,057,668 $546,170 48,874,396 $19,826,017 66,428,825 $27,802,181 1,741,765 $964,557 8,710,131 $2,045,868 7,316,179 $2,751,029 740,237 $418,219 895, 777 $567,370 310,603 $267,375 63,197,407 $26,288,407 36, 103, 110 $15,050,726 5,373,063 $3,353,758 11,690,740 $4,926,696 7,273,761 $1,528,928 3,114,110 $1,198,706 642,633 $229, 693 182,067,061 $50,058,293 34, 602, 165 $10,877,081 16,688,620 $6,969,402 8,198,406 $2,478,878 22, 339, 112 $4,074,-800 1899 18,729,194 $16,131,709 877,133 $567,390 33,594,212 $12,976,489 57,712,086 $16,316,392 1,220,408 $696,999 9,324,720 $2,344,559 5,454,173 $2,316,968 614, 952 $256,211 600, 104 $600,523 616 $510 57,334,670 $23, 111, 696 30,767,915 $13,695,830 6,087,366 $3,518,613 11,176,752 $3,669,684 6,217,094 $1,284,578 1,630,696 $561,649 1,554,747 $381, 442 152,878,584 $42,437,799 37, 160, 449 $11,024,538 12,663,719 $7,267,508 3,917,498 $1, 430, 430 13,051,729 $2,873,181 PEODUCTS— continued . Cotton-warp woven goods— Contd. Worsted filling dress goods, cash- meres, serges, mohairs, etc.— Square yards Value Wool -fllling dress goods, and repellents- Square yards Value Domett flannels and shirtings — Square yards Value Linings, Italian cloths, and last- ings — Square yards Value Blankets- Square yards Value Horse blankets — Square yards Value Carriage robes- Square yards Value All other — Square yards Value Upholstering goods and sundries Woolen and worsted — Square yards Value All other Partially manufactured products for 1909 Yams: Woolen — Pounds Value Worsted- Pounds Value Woolen, union or merino — Pounds Value Worsted, union or merino- Pounds Value All other- Pounds Value Worsted tops and slubbing— Pounds Value Nolls — Pounds Value Waste- Pounds . .• Value All other products Work on materials for others . MACHINEET. Sets of cards Woolen Worsted Cotton Spindles Producing Doubling and twisting Looms, all classes Wool-combing machines . 66,112,981 $14,798,965 12,916,060 $2,741,816 4,571,765 $911,967 28, 928, 148 $9,008,799 9,746,841 $2,684,919 4,210,098 $1,676,942 2,889,444 $1,396,596 327,664 $245,389 $1,986,330 1,176,542 $1,528,648 $457,682 $116,032,485 28,520,493 $7,506,412 88,323,953 $80,395,643 10,249,625 $2,143,416 3,761,737 $3,622,812 3,195,653 $974,570 11,321,279 $8,027,231 27,479,293 $8,938,589 24,057,580 $3,524,912 $3,250,867 $3,026,255 6,315 4,500 1,581 234 4,287,640 3,563,194 734,446 72,532 1,978 1904 49,300,369 $12,711,554 12,139,080 $3,230,561 4,285,838 $769, 476 17,619,325 $4,505,927 9,267,144 $2,218,243 6,307,836 $1,083,164 1,309,166 $1,139,217 1899 $1,625,233 1,060,739 $908,937 $716,296 $66,466,672 $47,689,422 42,878,320 $9,993,894 55,475,236 $40,142,077 8,824,064 $2,538,018 3,314,549 $2,460,558 2,799,060 $1,162,795 4,772,582 $2,855,171 15,379,600 $4,865,976 17,946,076 $2,448,183 $3,924,232 $1,188,537 6,990 6,178 1,387 425 3,747,934 3,228,423 619,611 63,867 1,440 45,784,011 $10,423,206 7,496,898 $1,890,488 4,565,013 $976,465 10,157,039 $2,228,434 11, 107, 104 $2,241,342 5,702,316 $1,262,824 1,250,233 $815,233 32,576 $14, 150 $3,259,727 447,568 $742, 121 $2,517,606 32,699,851 $6,804,626 143,003,343 I $30, 081, 425 16,974,567 $4,668,125 4,636,106 $1,461,390 12,176,843 $3, 354, 187 8,163,294 $1,229,669 $3,019,906 $1,568,783 3,277,607 2,873,628 404,079 61, 395 1,317 1 Worsted tops and slubbing Included with worsted yarn. mON AND STEEL. Tables 56 to 61, inclusive, present statistics for blast furnaces, steel works and rolling mills, tin and terne plate plants, and wire mills. In many establishments other industries are carried on in connection with the operations of steel works and rolling mills. ' In these cases a separation of the data for the industries as de- fined by the Census Bureau was secured by taking separate reports for the different departments of the respective estabhshments. In this way the statistics for blast furnaces operated in connection with steel ' Cards not lully reported. works were segregated and combined with those for furnaces independently operated, and the statistics for the tin and teme plate dipping departments of estab- hshments which also roll the black plate were sepa- rated and combined with those for establishments which dip only purchased plate. Statistics for the finished wire products of mills which roll wire rods as well as draw wire and manufacture wire nails, fencing, etc., were secured and are given in combination with those for wire miUs which manufacture only from pur- chased wire rods. The finished wire products manu- 488 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— MANUFACTURES. factured in rolling mills are, however, included in the products of these mUls, so that the statistics for wire mills and rolUng mills to this extent dupUcate each other. It should also be explained that the rolUng- mill departments of tin and teme plate estabhshments are credited with their entire output of black plate, as if it were produced for sale instead of for further treatment at the same estabhshment. Blast furnaces. — The statistics for the blast-furnace industry are given in the following table. In 1909, 25,651,798 tons of pig iron, valued at $387,830,443, were produced and in 1899, 14,447,791 tons, valued at $206,512,755, the increase in quantity during the decade being 77.5 per cent and that in value 87.8 per cent. Since 1904 was a year of par- tial depression in the iron and steel industry and the pig-iron product was less in that year than in 1903 or 1902, neither the small increases shown in quantity and value for 1904 as compared with 1899 nor the large increases shown for 1909 as compared with 1904 are representative of the normal rate of growth for the industry. Features in the development of the industry are the increase in the proportion of pig iron produced for consumption in other departments of the works of the producing company and the increase in the proportion of the product passed on in a molten condition to undergo further processes with- out being cast into pigs. The ton of 2,2^0 founds is used in showing quantities except when otherwise stated. Table 56 Total cost Iron ore: Tons Cost Domestic — Tons Cost Foreign — Tons Cost Mill cinder, scrap, etc.: Tons Cost Fluxes: Tons Cost : Fuel.z Coke- Tons (2,000 pounds) . Cost Charcoal— Bushels Cost Anthracite coal 2 — Tons Cost Bituminous coal 2— Tons Cost All other materials. Total value. Pig iron: Tons Value All other products PigiTon,classijiedaccoTdingtofuclused: Bituminous, chiefly coke — Tons Value Anthracite coal and coke mixed and anthracite alone — Tons Value Charcoal — Tons Value Pig iron, classified according to dispo- sition: Produced for consumption in ■ works of company reporting — Tons Value 1909 $320,637,889 48,353,677 8187,264,601 46, 605, 930 8177, 689, 789 1, 747, 747 $9, 674, 812 1, 982, 530 85, 544, 859 13,570,845 312, 239, 493 8105, 994, 112 31,436,536 $102,134,423 38,032,618 $2,787,026 265,401 $904, 102 102,833 $168, 561 $9,594,824 $391,429,283 25,651,798 $387,830,443 $3,598,840 < 24, 608, 572 $369, 684, 636 670, 991 $10, 962, 160 372,235 $7,183,657 15, 858, 203 8239,387,017 $178,941,918 30,032,862 $100,945,369 29, 202, 944 $96,206,246 829, 918 $4, 739, 123 1,865,385 $3,830,961 8,325,209 $6,888,647 $62,802,660 19,739,671 $57, 126, 997 5 37,273,569 '$2,621,887 560,637 $1,812,779 801,^40 $1,340,997 $4, 474, 281 $231,822,707 16,623,625 $228,911,116 $2, 911, 591 14, 909, 029 $203,814,049 1,305,094 $18, 103, 982 409, 502 9,926,645 $138,867,586 1899 1 $131,503,655 25, 366, 894 865, 902, 922 24, 612, 511 $61, 796, 473 754, 383 $4, 107, 449 1,600,313 $3,772,385 7, 324, 743 $5,054,725 $44,199,382 16,461,533 $38,976,770 30,677,585 $1, 823, 881 886,564 $2,297,419 832, 235 $1,101,312 $12,574,241 $206,756,567 14, 447, 791 $206,512,766 $243,802 12,253,818 $173,763,091 1, 841, 857 $26,678,705 6 352, 116 $6,070,959 («) (=) PRODUCTS — continued. Fig^ iron, classified according to dispo- sition — Continued . Produced for sale — Tons Value Pig iron, classified by grades (tons) : Bessemer, (0.04 to 0.10 per cent in phosphorus) Low phosphorus (below 0.04 per cent in phosphorus) Basic Foundry Forge or mill Malleable Bessemer White, mottled, and miscellane- ous Direct castings Ferroalloys b erromanganese Ferrosilicon, including Besse- mer ferrosilicon (7 per cent or over in silicon) and fer- rophosphorus Fig iron, classified by method of delivery or casting (tons): Delivered in molten condition. . . Sand cast Machine cast Chill cast Direct castings EQUIPMENT. Furnaces in active establishments: Completed stacks at end of year — Number Daily capacity, tons Active during the year — Number Daily capacity, tons In course of construction at end of year — Number Daily capacity, tons Pig-casting machines, number Granulated slag pits: Number Annual capacity, tons Gas engines operated with blasWur- nace gas: Number Horsepower 1909 9,793,595 $148,443,426 10,147,052 248,720 7,741,759 5,539,410 586,685 934,211 110,810 16, 181 326,970 142,223 82,208 102,539 12, 197, 686 7, 655, 568 5,096,797 685,566 16,181 383 101,447 370 98, 973 10 4,100 104 85 5,699,259 85 198,040 1904' 6,697,080 890,043,530 8,894,584 192,795 2,553,940 3,675,310 601, 677 316, 964 98,627 9,469 280,259 169, 630 67,072 53,557 5,898,744 6,078,844 4,307,108 329, 460 9,469 343 78, 180 317 73,884 4 1,375 47 3,338,200 ['] 18991 8,475,530 («) 937,439 3,510,300 1,057,616 («) 208,323 7,123 251,460 163,672 51,878 35,910 («) (») ») •) 7,123 343 54,425 (») 325 16 7,275 («) C) 1 Not including tlie statistics for a blast furnace operated by a penal institution. 2 The figures for 1909 cover fuel for smelting only; those for 1904 and 1899 include fuel for steam raising. 3 Not including 2,486,700 bushels of charcoal and its value, the cost of stumpage and labor being reported as expense. * Coal and coke mixed, 86,420 tons; balance coke. = Includes 52,992 tons of mixed charcoal and coke pig iron. 8 Not reported. Steel works and rolling mills. — Table 57 presents comparative statistics of steel works and rolling mills, including those of forges and bloomeries. Section I of the table deals with materials. The second section deals with products. It shows separately each of the products properly designated as rolled and forged steel and iron, but contains also a miscellaneous item, which includes the value added to such products in their conversion into more highly manufactured articles by the same estabhshment, so that the total includes the entire value of output of the estabhshments in the industry. This total and also the separate total for STATES, CITIES, AND INDUSTRIES. 489 rolled and forged products alone include no duplica- tion of quantity or value of products within any given establishment itself, but there is considerable dupli- cation due to the use of the product of one establish- ment as raw material for another establishment, whether the latter be owned by a separate concern or by the same company. Section III of the table, headed " Steel," gives the entire quantity of crude steel produced by the steel works, including that subjected to further processes of manufacture whether by the establishment in which produced or by other establishments. The value of this steel appears, therefore, distributed among various items under Section II. Section TV of the table gives in detail the quantity and value of the more highly elaborated products made by the rolling mills them- selves from the roUing-mill products specified in Sec- tion II. The entire value of these products appears in Section II, either as part of the various items of rolled products or in the miscellaneous item of value added to rolling-mill products by further manufacture. The fifth section of the table deals with products sold for export by roUing-miU concerns; it includes only the products so sold directly by the establishments producing them and not such as may be sent abroad by others who purchase from the manufacturer. The sixth section deals with equipment. In 1909 the rolled, forged, and cast-steel products specifically classified aggregated 26,723,274 tons, 'valued at $863,342,711, and in 1899, 15,055,626 tons, valued at $510,906,040, the increase in tonnage being 77.5 per cent and in value 69 per cent. The ton of 2,240 -pounds is used in showing quantities except when otherwise stated. Table 57— Continued. Table 57 1909 1904 1899 I. MATERIALS. $667,600,866 30,388,755 $615,769,588 19,076,889 4297,471,122 18,712,304 $282,663,740 364,585 $14,807,382 4,803,617 $72,722,831 6,508,249 $145,675,635 176,717 $5,704,856 146,425 $4,262,695 835,338 $4,292,963 $127,480,754 $441,204,432 22,235,682 $349,971,512 12,191,228 $172, 101, 436 m m P) 6,124,277 $67, 601, 248 4,920,177 $110,268,828 259,643 $7,331,935 161,914 $4,774,383 649,996 $2,396,792 $76,729,810 $390,896,277 Iron and steel :i For furnaces and hot rolls — 18,414,717 Cost $316,726,895 Pig iron and ferroalloys- 10,411,281 $151,064,348 Pig iron- S Cost FerroaUoys— spiege 1 ei s e n , ferromanganese, etc.— m Cost C) Scrap, including old rails not in- tended for reroUing— 4,126,980 $66,852,621 Ingots, blooms, biUets, slabs, muck and scrap bar, rerolling rails, and sheet and tin-plate bars — 3,876,466 $97,809,926 RoUed forms for furtheT manufacture— Skelp— (') QQgt m Wire rods- 136,725 $5,419,617 Iron ore: 346,310 $1,348,809 All other materials $68,399,956 For footaotes. II. PRODUCTS. Totalvalue Rolled, forged, and other classified products, steel and iron; Tons Value Rails- Tons Value Bessemer steel- Tons Value Open-hearth steel, basic — Tons Value Rerolled or renewed rails — Tons Value Rail fastenings (splice bars, tie- plates, fishplates, etc.)— Tons Value Structural shapes, not including plates used tor making girders- Tons Value Steel- Tons Value Open-hearth — Tons Value Bessemer — Tons Value ■. Iron- Tons Value Bars and rods, including mer- chant, shovel, finger, and horse- shoe bars, spike, chain bolt, and nut rods, etc. (but not in- cluding wire rods, sheet and tin- plate bars, splice bars, and bars for reentorced concrete): Tons Value Bars tor reenforced concrete; Tons Value Wire rods: Tons : Value Plates and sheets, not including black plates or sheets tor tin- ning, nail and tack plates, tie- plates, fishplates . or armor plates: Tons Value BIackplates,or sheets, tor tinning: Tons Value Skelp, flue and pipe: Tons Value ., Hoops, bands, and cotton ties: Tons Value Nail and tack plates: Tons Value Axles, car, locomotive, automo- bile, wagon, carriage, etc., rolled or forged: Tons Value Armor plates, gun torgings, and ordnance: Tons Value Blooms, billets, and slabs, pro- duced for sale or for transjer to other works of same company : Tons Value Rolled forging blooms and billets produced for sale or for transfer to other works of same company: Tons Value Sheet and tin-plate bars produced for sale or for transfer to other works of same company: Tons Value Muck and scrap bar produced for sale or for transfer to other works of same company: Tons Value All other rolled steel or iron: Tons Value see page 490. 1909 ' $985,722,634 26, 723, 274 $863,342,711 2,858,599 $81,128,295 1,643,527 $44,727,615 1,215,072 $36,400,780 106,352 $2,683,017 396,911 $14,488,412 2,123,630 $66,664,693 2,102,300 $64,863,466 6 1,934,230 $59,789,948 168,070 $6,063,618 21,330 $711, 127 3,784,248 $121,488,423 191,358 $5,588,963 2,295,279 $61,947,958 3,332,733 $133,272,393 631,436 $30,956,967 2,084,286 $64,514,728 341,043 $10,429,681 68,557 $2,540,022 102,348 $3,831,344 26,845 $10,649,079 4,887,796 $108,514,747 84,383 $2,247,133 1,652,761 $37,745,269 174,496 $4,986,211 566,627 $39,670,061 1901 > $673,965,026 18,218,233 8585,288,243 4 2,194,605 $58,256,750 2,065,024 $54,627,488 128,681 $3,608,662 99,530 $2,480,328 174,056 $5,663,052 954,537 $32,730,901 950,062 $32,586,701 618,391 $21,496,631 331,671 $11,089,170 4,475 $145, 200 2,442,810 $84,069,122 1,792,704 $52,995,031 1,856,469 $77,802,001 504,025 $26,297,079 1,657,690 $46,780,202 337,223 $12,760,010 86,601 $2,462,076 83,686 $2,875,829 24,433 $10,549,620 4,823,585 $109,611,104 150,926 $3,940,998 377,665 $16,743,727 1899 $597,211,716 16,055,626 $510,906,040 12,261,337 $46, 533, 159 2, 250, 467 $46,601,979 856,983 $29,361,622 829,892 $28,309,966 666,092 $19,928,249 263,800 $8,381,717 27,091 $1,061,566 2,493,159 $100,697,221 916,587 $35,529,529 1,488,066 $68,109,223 394,014 $20,967,806 1,195,189 $49,159,747 97,664 33,116,658 102,606 $4,482,937 16,302 $7,526,479 4,172,286 $96,321,887 203,681 $5,940,587 506,880 $19,202,606 490 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— MANUFACTURES. Table 57— Continued. 1909 1901 1899 1909 1901 1S99 n. PEODUCTS— continued. Roiled, forged, and ottier classified products, steel and iron — Continued. Ingots produced for sale or for trans- fer to other works of same com- pany: Tons Value Direct steel castings: Tons Value All other forged steel and iron, not including remanutactures of roll- ing-mill products: Tons Value All other products Miscellaneous steel and iron prod- ucts not rolled, including value added to iron and steel rolling- mill products by further manufac- ture Scrap steel or iron produced for sale or for transfer to other works of same company: Tons Value All products other than steel and iron Total production: Tons Value (included above)... Classifled according to process: Open-hearth— Tons Value Basic- Tons Value Acid — Tons Value Tons Value. Crucible and miscellaneous- Tons Value Classified according to form: Ingots- Tons Value Castings — Tons Value Duplex process — open-hearth steel partly gurified in Bessemer converters before nishing in open-hearth furnaces (in- cluded above J, tons Alloyed steels, nickel, tungsten, titanium, chrome, vanadium, etc. (included above), tons Classified according to process; Open-hearth ■ Basic Acid Bessemer Crucible and miscellaneous Classified according to form.- Ingots Castings rV. MANUFACTUEES FROM BOLLING-MILL PE0DDCT3. (Made in mill producing, value pre- viously included.) Wire and wire products: Tons (2,000 pounds) Value Pipes and tubes: Wrought welded — Tons Value Seamless, hot-rolled or drawn — Tons Value All other, including clinched, rivet- ed, etc., but not including cast: Tons Value Bolts, nuts, rivets, forged spikes, • washers, etc. : Kegs (200 pounds) Value Cut nails and spikes: Kegs (100 pounds) Value 142,745 $3,593,726 504,856 $38,862,448 365,986 $18,740,241 $122,379,823 $86,534,369 1,238,554 $18,163,624 $17,681,83(1 « 23, 473, 718 1478,736,988 14,192,278 $293,528,201 13,210,419 $262,529,822 981,859 $30,998,379 9,174,067 $177,064,776 107,373 $8,144,011 22,968,862 $439,874,540 504,856 $38,862,448 522,682 158,216 100,335 86,242 14,093 45,324 12,557 161,300 6,916 1,634,858 $71,624,024 1,314,771 $68,471,673 54,273 $5,650,739 17,561 4,471,985 $20,638,858 1,009,319 $2,218,207 196, 404 $3,985,310 287,325 $20,600,136 274,061 $15,684,967 $88,678,783 $61,977,284 877, 177 $11,079,831 $15,619,668 '13,666,408 $260,884,712 5,817,957 $120,322,707 5,062,152 $94,390,927 755,805 $26,931,780 7,768,141 $134,549,580 80,310 $6,012,425 13,379,083 $240,284,576 287,325 $20,600,136 (') (') (') (') 1,416,494 $67,551,443 849,047 $43,985,728 20,636 $2,290,234 3,105,827 $13,854,636 1,311,549 $2,394,108 103,707 $2,781,145 177,156 $14,609,893 81,009 $6,665,741 $86,305,676 m h 10,685,000 $212,538,875 3,044,356 $71,865,172 2,153,835 $43,509,506 890, 521 $28,345,666 7,532,028 $132,113,984 108,616 $8,669,719 10,507,844 $197,928,982 177,156 $14,609,893 (') 879,296 $47,728,784 (') (') (') (') 1,658,443 $3,292,063 IV. MANUFACTURES FROM ROLLING-Mn.L PRODUCTS — continued. Horse and mule shoes: Kegs (200 poimds) Value Springs, car, furniture, and ail other, not including wire springs: Tons Value Switches, frogs, crossings, etc.: Tons Value Galvanized plates or sheets: Tons Value Stamped ware: Tons Value Shovels, spades, scoops, etc V. PRODUCTS SOLD FOB EXPORT. (By estabUshments producing.) Total tons Rails Rail fastenings Pipes and tubes, wrought welded. Sheet and tin-plate bars Plates and sheets Galvanized plates or sheets Structural shapes Bars and rods Wire rods Blooms, billets, and slabs Skelp : Miscellaneous VI. EQUIPMENT. steel plants: Daily capacity of steel fur- naces and converters, tons of steel, double turn Open-hearth furnaces — Number Daily capacity, tons of steel, double turn Basic- Number Daily, capacity; tons of steel, double turn Acid- Number Daily capacity, tons of steel, double turn Converters, Bessemer or modified Bessemer- Number Daily capacity, tons of steel, double turn Crucible furnaces- Number Number of pots that can be used at a heat Daily capacity, tons of steel, double turn All other steel furnaces- Number Daily capacity, tons of steel, double turn Metal mixers- Number Capacity, tons Rolling mills: Daily capacity of rolled steel and iron, double turn, tons 996,383 $7,202,897 6,191 $374,924 28,608 $2,471,008 431,658 $25,912,056 24,612 $2,296,707 $540,321 867,646 317,455 20,118 89,377 85,123 80,706 79,246 69,764 48,938 18,738 18,021 10,703 29,457 108,716 687 61,601 549 55,273 138 6,328 101 48,823 257 3,840 840 16 292 59 14,343 150,403 768,253 $5,483,137 22,022 $1,708,632 (') (') (') (') (') $292,923 $110,500 76,482 481 34,243 339 26,902 142 7,341 81 41,448 146 2,457 693 36 98 (') (') 105, 591 ^] (0 (') (') (') 53,745 307 18,245 168 12,151 139 6,094 70 34,925 159 2,528 575 (') (') 86,964 1 Includes materials purchased or transferred to the establishment reporting from other works of the company. « Not reported separately . . .„„„ j 3 In addition, steel castings and rolled steel valued at $6,627,039 m 1909 and $347,264 in 1904 were produced by establishments engaged prmiarily In the manu- facture of products other than those covered by the mdustry designation. < Includes 900 tons of iron rails, valued at $20,700, in 1904, and 880 tons, valued at $31,180, in 1899. ^. .^ , ^, ^ , . , 6 Includes 149,688 tons of steel, valued at $4,537,625, not distnbutable by kmd into open-hearth or Bessemer. . . , ,„, j. 6 In addition, 49,481 tons of steel, valued at $4,140,344, m 1909, and 4,184 tons, valued at $347,264, in 1904, distributed as to toimage as indicated below, were pro- duced by establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of products other than those covered by the industry designation: Tons of steel Classified according to process; Open-hearth Bessemer Crucible and miscellaneous Classified according to form: Ingots Castings ' Not reported. 1909 49,481 36,099 6,066 7,316 5,102 44,379 1904 4,184 2,440 774 970 4,184 STATES, CITIES, AND INDUSTRIES. 491 The following table gives, for 1909, statistics of materials consumed, classified as purchased or as pro- duced by the establishment consuming, and statistics of products, classified as sold or as consumed by the estabUshment producmg. This mformation was not secured at former censuses. Eighty per cent of the pig iron used was made in blast furnaces operated by the consumer. The difference between the 15,252,736 tons of pig-iron material reported as produced by the consumer and the 15,858,203 tons reported in the table for blast furnaces as made for consumption in works of the producer— a httle over 600,000 tons- represents the consumption in foundries and other shops owned by the producing companies but not covered by the preceding table. Table 5S Produced and purchased. Pig iron and ferroalloys Pig iron Ferroalloys — spiegeleisen, fer- romanganese, etc Scrap Ingots, blooms, billets, slabs, muck and scrap bar, rerollingrails,and sheet and tin-plate bars, not pro- duced in the works Skelp Wire rods QUANTITY (TONS). Total. 15,076,889 18,712,304 364, 585 9,929,710 6,508,249 1,678,290 1,465,221 Produced by the company reporting— In the works ' where con- sumed. 5,126,093 1,401,573 1,318,796 Trans- ferred from other works of the company. 15,252,736 15, 108, 244 144, 492 773,843 3,080,672 35, 221 128,291 Pur- chased. 3,824,153 3,604,060 220,093 4,029,774 3,427,577 141, 496 18, 134 Consumed and sold. Steel ingots Open-hearth Basic Acid Bessemer Crucible and miscellaneous . . Blooms, billets, and slabs Rolled forging blooms and billets Muck and scrap bar Sheet and tin-plate bars Bars and rods Wire rods Plates and sheets Black plates and sheets Skelp Nail and tack plates Miscellaneous rolled iron or steel. Miscellaneous forged iron or steel. Scrap QUANTITY (TONS). Total. 22,968,862 13,-725, 783 12,952,840 772,943 9,145,542 97, 537 16,263,418 160,997 1,366,324 2,094,398 3,784,248 2,295,279 3,332,733 631,435 2,084,286 68,657 462,071 365,986 6,364,647 For oonsumption- In the works pro- ducing. 22,826,117 13,626,241 12,864,514 761,727 9,103,816 96,060 11,376,622 76,614 1,191,828 441,637 632,679 1,318,796 463,665 1,401,573 42,690 66,581 64,548 5,126,093 Trans- ferred to other works of the company 112,301 72,433 69,815 2,618 39,726 142 3,045,977 20,065 27,353 465, 161 61,954 575, 160 102,027 2,113 '398,'436' For sale. 30,444 27,109 18,5U 8,598 2,000 1,33,'i 1,841,815 84,383 154,431 1,625,408 3,151,569 511,322 2,807,114 56,275 680,686 25,867 393,377 301,438 840, 118 Tin and terne plate. — The statistics for the tin and terne plate industry are given in the following table. Nearly 98 per cent of the black plates dipped were rolled by the establishment reporting. The value of all products was $47,969,645 in 1909 as com- pared with $31,892,011 in 1899, an increase of 50.4 per cent. The development of the tin and terne plate industry has taken place almost entirely within the last 20 years, the production in 1891 being only about 2,236,000 pounds, or less than one five-hun- dredth of the 1909 output. Table 59 MATERIALa. Total cost Black plates or sheets: Pounds Cost Produced by the establisbment reporting: Pounds Cost Purchased: Pounds Cost Coating metals: Pounds Cost Tin, including tin contents of terne mixture purchased — Pounds Cost Lead, including lead contents of terne mixture purchased— Pounds Cost In condition mirclittsed — Pig tm— Pounds Cost Pig lead- Pounds Cost Terne mixture- Pounds Cost All other materials PKODUCTS. Total value Tin and terne plates: Pounds Value Tin plates — Pounds Value Terne plates — Pounds Value Other sheet iron or sheet steel tinned or terne-plated, taggers tin, etc.: Pounds Value All other products EQUIPMENT. Tin or terne sets at end of year: Completed — Number Usually employed on tin plates Usually employed on terne plates Daily capacity, single turn, pounds Tin plates Terne plates Daily capacity as operated, whether on single, double, or triple turn, pounds Building, number Black-plate department of establish- ments making their black plates; Hot black-plate mills at end of year- Completed — Number Annual capacity on triple turn, long tons. . .,-. Building — Number Annual capacity on triple turn, long tons Cold mills, completed, number 1909 $41,889,434 11,321,071,691 128,981,161 1,291,048,109 128,245,234 30,023,582 $735,917 40,927,759 89,670,037 31,077,651 $9,235,718 9,850,108 $434,319 28,586,267 $8,490,794 2,708,496 $117,656 9,632,996 $1,061,587 S3, 238, 246 7 $47,969,615 1,316,313,132 $45,815,146 1,123,968,875 $38,259,885 191,344,257 $7,555,261 19,400,934 $520,465 $1,634,034 563 450 113 2,795,972 2,055,915 740,057 7,016,293 49 335 1,042,088 20 36,600 1904 $31,376,714 n, 019, 608, 657 $22,992,006 943,798,583 $21,154,388 6 75,810,074 $1,837,618 32,445,104 $7,075,722 24,243,861 $6,709,164 8,201,253 $366,568 (•) {«) $1,307,986 $35,283,360 1,026,384,851 $34,549,543 867,626,986. $28,429,971 158,867,866 $6,119,672 6,555,855 $217,476 $516,341 478 120 3,261,298 2, 694, 115 567,183 7,121,350 315 707,405 W W 272 1899 $26,728,150 3 827,915,599 $20,668,848 27,154,258 $4,927,090 20,282,778 $4,528,473 6,871,480 $398,617 («) $1,132,212 $31,892,011 849,004,022 $31,284,145 707,718,230 $25,553,021 141,285,783 $5,731,124 1,000,473 $86, 492 $621,374 S585 m 2,732,901 2,003,533 729,363 (*) »53 «332 641,450 823 51,275 ' Domestic; no foreign plates reported; includes 8,726,538 pounds of iron plates- balance steel, not distributable by kind of steel. ' 2 Includes 83,900 pounds of foreign plates, costing $3,769; the domestic plates reported were distributed by kind as follows: Bessemer steel, 911,603 989 pounds- open-hearth steel, 106,911,401 pounds; iron, 949,367 pounds. ' 3 Includes 2,358,607 pounds of foreign plates, costing $78,282. * Not reported. ' Consumption of establishments not equipped for the manufacture of black plates. « = Terne mixture purchased not reported separately; contents reported as tin and lead. ' In addition 8,389,200 pounds of tin and terne plate and taggers tin, valued at $398,143, were made by establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of products other than those covered by the industry designation. 8 Includes idle establishments. 492 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— MANUFACTURES. Wire. — ^The following table presents the statistics for wire manufactures in 1909. Comparable statistics in detail for 1904 and 1899 are not available for the total wire production, as special reports were not se- cured prior to the present census from wire mills draw- ing wire from purchased rods. The total value of the steel and iron wire product more than doubled from 1899 to 1909. The total value of all wire and manufac- tures of wire reported in 1909 was $173,349,614, of which 69.6 per cent represents the value of products made from steel and iron, 27.2 per cent that of products made from copper, and 3.2 per cent that of products made from other metal, chiefly brass. Estab- lishments rolling wire from rods manufactured by them reported 54.3 per cent of the wire products in value, and mills drawing wire from purchased rods produced 45.7 per cent. The ton of 2,000 pounds is used in showing quantities. Table 60 PEINCIPAL MATERIALS. Uetal used, cost Wire rods Steel- Tons Cost Open-hearth— Tons Cost Basic- Tons Cost Acid — Tons Cost Bessemer- Tons Cost Crucible and other steel- Tons Cost Iron- Tons Cost Copper — Tons Cost Other metal— s Tons Cost Purchased wire, plain or coated: Tons Cost PRODUCTS. Total value Wire, and manufactures of wire Steel and Iron- Tons Value "Wire drawn for sale — Tons Value Plain- Tons Value Coated— Tons Value Wire nails and spikes — Kegs (100 pounds) Value Wire brads, tacks, and staples- Tons Value Total. $115,655,427 $112,799,516 2,514,504 167,439,887 1,359,256 $38,532,177 1,255,747 $35,046,106 103.509 $3,486,071 1,148,353 $28,340,445 6,895 $567,265 4,849 $207,846 151,951 $40,916,084 17,944 $4,235,699 67,922 $2,855,911 $180,083,522 $173,349,614 2,471,858 $120,685,637 826,451 $38,845,081 472,046 $22,632,230 354,405 $16,212,851 13,926,861 $27,675,774 28,126 $1,324,170 Wire mills (wire rods purchased). Wire depart- ments of rolling mills' (wire rods rolled). $51,240,373 $50,810,983 850,729 $23,021,867 285,961 $8,536,361 233,105 $6,695,310 52,856 $1,841,051 558,048 $13,936,178 6,720 $549,328 1,056 $62,203 102,394 $27,462,312 935 $264,601 8,943 $429,390 $84,486,518 $79,249,869 821,929 $47,934,204 343,905 $18,823,035 188,846 $11,349,868 155,069 $7,473,167 3,449,763 $7,142,047 7,334 $320, 224 $64,415,054 $81,988,533 1,663,775 $44,418,020 1,073,295 $29,995,816 1,022,642 $28,360,796 60,653 $1,645,020 690,305 $14,404,267 175 $17,937 3,794 $145,643 49,557 $13,453,772 17,009 $3,971,098 48,979 $2,426,521 $99,597,004 $94,099,745 1,649,929 $72,651,433 482.646 $20,022,046 283,200 $11,282,362 199,346 $8,739,684 10,477,108 $20,433,727 20, 791 $1,003,946 PKODUCTS— continued. Wireandmanulacturesot wire— Contd. Steel and iron — Continued. Barb wire — Tons Value Woven wire, fencing, and poul- try netting- Tons Value Wire rope and strand- Tons Value Other manufactures— springs, bale ties, cold^'oUed flat wire, etc.— Tons Value Copper- Tons Value Wire drawn for sale — Tons Value Uanufactures of wire — Tons Value Other metal— s Tons Value Wire drawn for sale — Tons Value Manufactures of wire — Tons Value All other products Wire drawn, whether for consumption or for sale, tons: Steel and Iron Copper Other metal 2 EQUIPMENT. Wire-drawing blocks; Number 3 Annual capacity, tons Wire-nail machines: Number Annual capacity (kegs of 100 pounds) Woven- wire fence machines: Number Annual capacity, tons Total. 323,566 $13,881,617 422,127 821,419,170 46,303 $6,683,771 129,946 $10,856,154 154,231 $47,184,164 139, 482 $42,336,274 14,749 $4,847,890 17,407 $5,579,813 15,583 $4,993,376 1,824 $586,437 $6,733,908 2,389,136 147, 166 17,411 43,697 3,213,674 4,428 18,756,995 446 481,373 Wire mills (wire rods purchased). Wire depart- ments of rolling mills L (wire rods rolled). 76,268 $3,343,856 115,889 $6,724,077 34,140 $5,450,064 71,906 $6,130,901 102,604 $30,831,646 102,418 $30,736,728 186 $94,918 1.048 $484,019 1,008 $459,583 40 $24,436 $5,236,649 787,322 101,890 1,051 28,119 1,066,260 1,207 4,693,613 198 134,803 247,297 $10,537,681 306,238 $14,695,093 11,163 $1,233,707 58,039 $4,725,253. 51,627 $16,352,518 37,064 $11,699,546 14,563 $4,752,972 16,359 $5,095,794 14,575 $4,633,793 1,784 $562,001 $1,497,269 1,601,814 45,206 16,360 15,578 2,148,324 3,221 14,063,482 248 348,570 1 Includes the wire departments of iron and steel, copper, and brass rolling mills. 2 Brass, bronze, German silver, zinc, etc., chiefly brass. 3 Includes rod, redrawing, and fine wire blocks. The comparative statistics for steel and iron wire products, 1909, 1904, and 1899, are as follows: Table 61 PRODUCT. 1909 1904 1S99 Total value $120,585,637 $47,934,204 1,649,929 $72,651,433 • $83,353,966 $15,802,513 1,416,494 $67,661,443 $62,871,387 Wire mills $5,142,603 Wire departments of rolling mills: Tons 879.296 Value $47,728,784 LEATHEB. AND ITS PKODT7CTS. The primary or underlying industry of this group is the converting of hides and skins into leather by the various processes of tanning, tawing, currying, and finishing. The designation employed for this indus- try is "leather, tanned, curried, and finished." The group also includes the manufacture of boots and shoes and the manufacture of leather gloves and mittens. STATES, CITIES, AND INDUSTRIES. 493 leather. — ^The following table gives the statistics of the leather industry in detail for 1909, 1904, and 1899. The number of hides and skins treated, including those treated as custom work for others not tanners, curriers, or finishers, as well as those used in further manufacture by the establishments treating them, was 146,328,586 in 1909 and 131,011,956 in 1904. Comparative figures for this aggregate for 1899 are not available. Exclusive of custom work, 116,040,986 hides and skins, costing $195,058,557, were treated by tanneries in 1909, and 99,709,343, costing $123,545,969, in 1899, the increase in number being 16.4 per cent and that in cost 57.9 per cent. The increase for the decade in the number of hides used was 15.9 per cent; that in calf and kip skios, 120.6 per cent; that in sheepskins, 6.4 per cent; and that in goatskins, less than 1 per cent. The cost of purchased rough leather used increased 43.4 per cent and that of all other materials, which include tanning and finishing materials, 76.1 per cent. The value of leather manufactured in 1909 was $306,476,720, as compared with $194,202,063 in 1899, an increase of 57.8 per cent, which is practically the same as the percentage of increase in the cost of hides and skins treated. There is considerable duplication in the value of products, due to the sale of leather in the rough as product of one establishment and its use as material in another. Table 63 MATERIALS. TotEilcost Hides' Call kinds): Number Cost Skins:' Number Cost Calf and kip — Number Cost Goat — Number Cost Sheep — Number Cost All other- Number Cost Rough leather piu-chased . Whole sides- Number Cost Grains- Sides Cost Splits ,. .. Another *A11 other materials PKODOCTS. Total value Leather Sole Hemlock — Sides Value Oak- Sides Value Union — Sides Value Chrome — Sides Value Upper, other than calf or kip Grain, satin, pebble, etc. (side leather)— Sides Values 1909 $318,278,933 2 18,360,415 $119,410,767 97,680,571 $75,647,790 19,732,638 $31,790,572 48,077,664 $27,833,214 26,082,060 $12,231,618 3 3,788,209 $3,792,386 $9,556,257 1,468,213 $4,967,781 625, 786 $1,201,842 $1,442,505 $1,044,129 $43,664,119 < $327,874,187 $306,476,720 $88,331,713 7,963,728 $32,237,151 3,805,861 $26,083,793 5,756,227 $28,375,815 279,436 $1,634,954 $39,951,460 7,946,769 $24, 198, 993 1904 $191,179,073 17,581,613 $89,126,593 90,625,064 $56,341,332 12,481,221 $15,725,616 47,665,603 $26,756,012 27,492,359 $10,547,883 2,985,881 $3,311,821 $10,852,655 2,414.102 J8, 136, 661 342, 332 $980,260 $1,108,243 $627, 491 $34,858,493 < $252,620,986 $236,765,803 $69,205,600 9,929,964 $32,676,015 3,607,963 $19,167,805 4,400,011 $17,371,780 $24,815,835 6,850,469 $15,487,252 1899 $165,000,004 15,838,862 $77,784,760 83,870,481 $45,701,209 8,944,454 $10,792,485 48,046,897 $24,950,223 24, 507, 542 $8,457,995 2,371,488 $1,560,506 $6,663,395 1,086,592 $3,534,097 165,938 $467, 125 $1,320,589 $1,341,584 $24,790,640 $204,038,127 $194,202,063 $55,481,625 9,810,996 $29,305,561 2, 662', 814 $13,359,836 3,096,162 $12,807,262 2,100 $8,966 $25,311,838 8,141,093 $17,478,802 PEODUCTS— continued. Leather— Continued. Upper — Continued . Finished splits — Number Value Patent and enameled shoe — Sides Value Horsehides and coltskins — Number ■. Value Calf and kip skins, tanned and finished — Number Value Grain finished — Number Value Flesh finished — Number Value Goatskins, tanned and finished — Number Value Black- Number Value Colored- Number . Value Sheepskins, tanned and finished — Number Value Belting — Sides Value Sides Value Carriage, automobile, and furni- ture — Hides Value Trunk, bag, and pocketbook Bookbinder's Glove Sold in rough All other All other products Work on materials for others. . 8,134,229 $7,410,740 2,706,291 $8,341,727 1,342,938 $4,963,145 19,012,064 $42,412,256 17,516,910 $39,982,447 1,495,154 $2,429,809 47,907,211 $40,882,640 40,361,192 $33,949,575 7,556,019 $6,933,065 19,665,156 $12,236,687 1,042,070 $6,996,133 3,946,236 $24,802,734 1,398,842 $14,266,742 $6, 198, 544 $2,460,166 $4,913,543 $6,335,599 $11,746,369 $8,632,689 $12,764,778 1904 6,205,050 $5,993,231 1,356,777 $3,335,352 1,629,396 $4,696,066 12,014,223 $22,508,336 10,211,885 $18,996,561 1,802,338 $3,511,784 45,691,492 $37,887,349 40,019,614 $32,822,282 6,671,878 $5,065,067 20,697,698 $11,168,829 859,564 $4,754,456 4,369,661 $20,274,188 827, 104 $7,780,804 $4,920,760 $2,283,761 $3,344,614 $10,180,949 $13,044,268 $7,665,223 $8,189,960 1899 8,790,382 $6,740,502 236,943 $1,092,534 223,378 $843,118 8,264,272 $14,619,150 7,112,869 $12,127,439 1,161,413 $2,491,711 47,043,932 $35,672,981 38,176,816 $29,050,886 8,867,116 $6,622,095 20,290,985 $8,353,755 1,472,016 $7,092,778 3,444,616 $16,712,056 619,741 $5,748,387 $2,611,326 $1,688,413 $3,084,837 $6,864,345 $10,117,454 $5,514,395 $4,321,669 i ir, ortdiHmi in 1Q0<) 1 903 278 Mdes and 27,936,887 skins and in 1904, 961,431 hides and 21,792,110 skins, were treated for others, not tanners, curriers, or finishers; and in 190^252^9 hides and 194,796 skins and In 1904, i2,453 hides and 39,285 skins were treated by estabUshments using the leather for further manufacture. * Cattle hides only. 4* Tn^'rfHm„'i'"i^'?mf 'leather to the value of $6,231,374, and in 1904 to the value of $164,932, was tanned, curried, or finished and consumed by estabUshments engaged primarUy to the 'manufecture of products other than those covered by the Industry designation. ' Not reported separately. Boots and shoes. — The full designation for this in- dustry is "boots and shoes, including cut stock and findings." The total value of products was $512,797,642 in 1909, as compared with $357,688,160 in 1904 and $290,047,087 in 1899, an increase for the decade of $222^750,555, or 76.8 per cent. In addi- tion, in 1909 there were boot and shoe products to the valueof $1,439,280, and in 1904 to the value of $89,000, 494 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— MANUFACTURES. made by estaLlishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of products other than those covered by the industry designation. The schedule employed did not call for segregation of value of products. The following table shows the number of pairs of the different kinds of shoes and slippers reported at each of the last three censuses. Table 63 Boots and shoes Mea's Boys' and youths' Women's Misses' and children's Slippers Men's, boys', and youths' Women's, misses', and children's. Infents' shoes and slippers All other NUMBEK OF PAIRS. 1909 247,643,197 93,888,892 23,838,626 86.595,314 43,320,365 17,507,834 4,802,841 12,704,993 15,000,721 4,865,429 1904 216,039,401 83,434.322 21,717,236 69,470,876 41,416,967 17,618,291 4,403,097 13,115,194 « ■ 8,652,343 195,589,173 67,742,839 21,030,479 64,972,653 41,843,202 17,092,841 4,446,965 12,645,876 5,283,405 1 Not reported separately. There were 247,643,197 pairs of boots and shoes manufactured in 1909, 216,039,401 pairs in 1904, and 195,589,173 pairs in 1899, the increase being 26.6 per cent for the decade and 14.6 per cent for the 1904- 1909 period. In 1909 men's boots and shoes formed 37.9 per cent of the total number of boots and shoes; women's, 35 per cent; misses' and children's, 17.5 per cent; and boys' and youths', 9.6 per cent. The total output of slippers reported for 1909 was 17,507,834 pairs, practically the same as at each of the two preceding censuses. The figures indicate a con- siderable decrease since 1904 in women's, misses', and children's slippers, but it is probable that infants' shoes and slippers, reported separately in 1909, were to some extent included with children's slippers in 1904. The number of pairs of the different kinds of boots, shoes, and slippers manufactured by the various meth- ods was reported for'the first time in 1909, and is shown in' the next table. Of the total number manufactured, 43.2 per cent were of the McKay tjrpe, 35.3 per cent machine or hand welt, 10.6 per cent turned, 8.8 per cent wire-screw or metal-fastened, and 2.1 per cent wooden-pegged. Table 64 Boots and shoes lien's Boys' and youths' Women's Misses' and children's Slippers Men's, boys', and youths' Women's, misses', and children's In&nts' shoes and slippers All other NUMBES OF PAIE3. Total. 247,643,197 93,888:892 23,838,626 86,695,314 43,320,365 17,507,834 4,802,841 12,704,993 15,000,721 4,866,429 Machine or hand welt. 87, 391, 763 53,212,450 4,423,934 25,871,899 3,883,480 1,318,995 648,007 670,988 1,979,593 1,429,249 Turned. 26,317,990 989,240 60,377 14,281,764 10,996,609 7,611,748 1,733,742 5,878,006 11,447,508 1,189,742 McKay. 107,063,644 20,438,585 16,016,611 44,518,966 27,089,482 8,396,874 2,286,652 6,110,222 1,520,072 1,286,281 Wooden- pegged. 5,226,161 3,921,652 567,939 533, 579 202,991 28,918 16,851 12,067 41,731 321,082 Wire-screw or metal- fastened. 21,643,639 15,326,965 3,779,765 1,389,10ft 1,147,803 161,299 117,689 33,710 11,817 639,075 Gloves and mittens, leather. — The quantity and value of the different kinds of products reported for this branch of the leather industry for 1909, 1904, and 1899 are shown in the following table: Table 66 Total value Gloves, mittens, and gauntlets: Dozen pairs Value Men's — Dozen pairs Value Lined — Dozen pairs Value UnUned— Dozen pairs Value Women's and children's; Dozen pairs Value Lined — Dozen pairs Value Unlined — Dozen pairs Value All other products . 1909 > $23,630,698 3,368,655 J22,525,861 2,585,977 S17,060,797 921,259 15,222,174 1,664,718 Sll,838,623 782, 678 $6,465,064 365,477 81,718,198 417,201 83,746,866 81,104,737 1901 1 $17,740,389 3, 370, 146 817,122,772 2,916,415 814,515,770 1,317,083 86,333,081 1,598,332 $8,182,689 454,731 82,607,002 241,361 $1,030,843 •213,370 $1, 576, 169 $617, 613 U99 1 $16,926,156 2 2,895,601 2 $16, 039, 168 2,267,327 $12,418,258 952,820 $4,959,902 1,314,507 $7,458,356 604,330 $3, 470, 258 267,149 $1,247,916 337, 181 $2,222,342 1 In addition. In 1909, 36,944 dozen pairs of gloves, mittens, and gauntlets, to the value of $264,961; in 1904, gloves, mittens, and gauntlets, to the value of $166,104; and in 1899, gloves, mittens, and gauntlets, to the value of $217,157, were made by estab- lishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of products other than those cov- ered by the industry designation. ' Includes 24,004 dozen pairs of gauntlets, valued at 8150,652, not distributed by kinds. The greater increase in value was due to the higher prices paid for hides and skins, and an increased pro- duction of the better grades of gloves. The number of men's gloves manufactured largely outnumbered that of women's and children's at each census, but importations of kid gloves for women probably greatly reduce the demand for American makes. The number of men's gloves increased during the decade 14.1 per cent, and the number of women's and children's 29.5 per cent. CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS. The industries in this group comprise those which produce chemicals as products or which employ to a large extent chemical processes in manufacture. The grouping is necessarily somewhat arbitrary. Separate tables present the statistics for each of the following industries : Chemicals. Coke. Dyestuffa and extracts. Explosives. Fertilizers. Gas, illuminating and heating. Glucose and starch. Oil, cottonseed, and cake. Oil, essential. Paint and varnish. Petroleum, refining. Salt. Soap. Sulphuric, nitric, and mixed acids. Turpentine and rosin. STATES, CITIES, AND INDUSTRIES. 495 Chemicals.— Table 66 presents the statistics for the general chemical industry as classified by the Bureau of the Census, but reference should be made to the groups and items specified in the table for information as to the products included under this head. It does not include products fisted independently in the pre- ceding paragraph, nor does it include the products of wood distillation or chemicals made by estabHsh- ments engaged in the manufacture of pharmaceutical preparations. The value of all products of the "chemical" indus- try, including the same commodities made by estab- lishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of other products, was $126,794,345 in 1909 and $78,285,646 in 1904. The products of establishments classified as chemical factories proper were valued at $117,688,887 in 1909 and $48,039,595 in 1899, an increase for the decade of $69,649,292, or 145 per cent. Some of the groups show very large gains, notably products made with the aid of electricity, many of -vy^hich can not be be shown separately without disclosing individual oper- ations. The value of these products increased from $1,305,368 in 1899 to $17,968,277 in 1909 and the value of the output of sodas, the leading group of products in this respect, increased from $11,596,915 to $21,417,982. The value of the sulphuric, nitric, and mixed acid product, shown in Table 80, should be added to the value of the acids given in the following table in order to ascertain the total production of the principal acids. Including these acids, the value of the acid product (not including acids consumed by estabfishments mak- ing the same or those produced as by-products of other industries) was $19,493,663 in 1909, $14,538,137 in 1904, and $9,371,615 in 1899, the increase for the de- cade being 108 per cent. The ton of 2,000 pounds is used in showing quantities. %Q ® PRODUCT. 1909 1904 1899 I $117,688,887 $11,926,389 51,963,788 51,136,134 5,554,414 $295,739 2,102,206 $777,200 4,790,963 $214,057 128,394,736 $1,171,082 13,337,717 $680,015 25,702,606 $505,791 $7,145,771 $21,417,982 646,007 $10, 361, 756 76,285 $977,712 82,800 $1,515,031 112, 162 $4,230,954 2 $76,288,249 $7,583,059 27,001,322 $537,542 6,956,896 $527,190 2,265,631 $598,718 2,932,358 $151,218 127,502,682 $1,180,910 991,050 $68,541 $4,518,940 $16,858,929 518,789 $8,202,292 56,870 $792,248 68,867 $1,135,610 80,159 $2,924,182 $48,039,595 Acids 3 $3,101,743 Acetic- 24,945,558 $396,323 Boric— 2,684,935 $198,212 Citric- « Value Hydrofluoric— 698,000 Value '. $34,890 Muriatic— 116,675,109 Value $1,015,915 Oleic— <■'} Value Phosphoric — Value Other $1,616,403 811,596,915 Soda ash- 386,361 Value $4,768,383 Sal soda- 63,231 Value $779,166 Bicarbonate of soda- 68,185 Value $1,324,843 Caustic soda 6— 78,779 Value . $2,917,955 Table 66— Contd. PKODUCT. Sodas— Continued. Borax- Tons Value Other Potashes- Pounds Value Alums Alum cake — Pounds Value Potash alum — Poimds Value Another Coal-tar products Coal-tar distillery products , Chemicals made from coal-tar dis- tillery products , Cyanides Yellow prusslate of potash- Pounds Value All other Bleaching materials Hydrogen peroxide- Pounds Value Bisulphites — Tons Value All other 1909 Chemical substances produced by the aid of electricity Calcium carbide- Pounds Value Caustic soda- Tons Value Chlorates- Pounds Value Hypochlorites— Tons Value AU other Plastics Pyroxylin plastics. All other- Pouuds Value Compressed or liquefied _ Anhydrous ammonia- Pounds Value Carbon dioxide- Pounds Value Laughing _ Pounds Value.. Oxygen- Gallons Value.., AU other — Pounds. Value... Fine chemicals Alkaloids- Ounces Value Gold salts — Ounces Value Silver salts- Ounces Value Platinum salts- Ounces Value Chloroform- Pounds Value Ether- Pounds Value Acetone — Pounds Value All other Chemicals not elsewhere specified: Glycerin- Pounds Value Epsom salts- Pounds Value Blue vitriol- Pounds Value 20,154 $1,766,910 $2,565,619 1,866,570 $88,940 $2,578,842 26,884,880 $273,711 7,939,702 $128,623 $2,176,508 $2,675,327 $2,462,330 $212,997 $1,941,893 3,510,208 $463,683 $1,477,910 $1,635,046 9,403,717 $850,417 14,528 $202,504 $582, 125 $17,968,277 121,946,967 $2,984,001 19,428 $1,032,647 11,568,915 $904,525 68,016 $1,506,831 $11,640,273 $7,180,172 $5,389,819 10,234,928 $1,790,353 $4,969,805 11,802,076 $2,503,315 47,238,267 $2,317,808 72,675 $33,689 4,777,977 $98, 150 364,014 $16,843 $10,956,«66 3,482,492 $3,188,691 42,544 $430,944 2,027,719 $726,222 1,561 $19,123 1,861,435 $472,759 1,177,886 $199,448 6,927,886 $719,895 $5,199,684 33,986,974 $4,838,826 47,785,318 $357, 728 19ft4 810,958 $37,626 20,882 $2,122,808 $1,68>,789 5,113,706 $563,489 $2, 126, 612 $844,817 $340,641 $504, 176 $1, 179, 104 5,027,264 $683,277 $495,827 $777,760 $777,760 $5,896,632 h $5,896,632 $4,755,761 $2,857,093 W $1,898,668 $2,787,689 (») $1, 173, 184 35,991,627 $1,343,966 5270,539 $9,145,853 4,949,525 $2,925,789 59,969 $449,864 1,743,882 $683,761 19,068 $176,682 616,670 $166,604 660,783 $334, 936 1,300,395 $161,320 $4,248,898 18,791,997 $2,345,205 15,935,837 $146,801 60,100 $2,500 1899 5,637 $602,480 $1,304,088 3,764,806 $174,476 $2,013,607 h $1,322,094 $809,830 $512,264 $1,584,923 6,140,406 $993,514 $691,409 $492,086 $492,086 $1,305,368 $2,099,400 $1,970,387 («) $129,013 $1,215,011 (') $448, 157 $696, 164 h For footnotes, see page 496. $70,690 $4,220,339 3,387,522 $1,743,264 8,694 $90, 145 1,252,604 $499,345 7,312 $54,600 396,540 $98,070 263,238 $129,876 1,638,715 $178,666 $1,426,373 15,383,798 $2,012,886 6,072,309 $45,966 7,500,000 $376,000 496 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— MANUFACTURES. Table 66— Contd. PEODUCT. 1909 1901 1899 Chemicals not elsewhere specified— Continued. Copperas- 24,199,526 $71,081 36,178,354 $634,292 12,992,233 $1,194,546 43,204,652 $1,477,486 $21,207,939 $4,530,024 8,815,059 $28,061 12,018,816 $243,822 9,573,719 $904,679 (J) $13,289,416 $6,743,070 14,097,905 Value Phosrohates of soda— Fo^mds 3,478,350 $104,654 4,677,471 $470,159 Value Tin salts— Pounds Value Zinc salts- Value By-products and residues sold to other industries $15,786,497 I In addition, products to the value of $9,105,468 were produced by establish- ments engaged primarily in the manufactiu'e of products other than those covered by the industry designation, including the following: Acids; Acetic Hydrofluoric Muriatic Oleic Stearic Othem Sodas: Sal soda tons.. Other & tons.. Potashes Alums Coal-tar distillery products Bleaching materials: Hydrogen per- oxide Bisulphite Other Pounds. Value, 4,959,985 2,051,951 74,805,743 2,959,346 6,094,774 10,822 75,902 14,293,552 49,450,260 521,851 ;, 062, 000 $200,740 79,722 587,253 165,091 399,386 49,630 184,297 1,835,292 625,054 443,513 1,610,792 20,124 23,650 20,703 Pyroxylin plastics. . Compressed or liq- uefied gases: Anhydrous am- monia": Carbon dioxide. . . Laughing gas Oxygen gals.. Other Chloroform Acetone Glycerin d Blue vitriol Copperas Phosphates of soda. Zinc salts Other chemicals Pounds. Value. 167,710 454,354 24,500 23,826,325 8,250 2,007,660 1,022,920 37,185,585 3,031,666 310,688 4,312,988 $282,660 40,923 19,262 4,900 79,319 9,072 4,779 210,287 123,472 1,496,645 63,372 27,034 103,603 606,183 u Not including acids reported by manufacturers of explosives and fertiUzers. & Including sodas reported by manufacturers of paints and varnishes and fertil- izers. o Not Including 4,871,014 pounds, value $448,466, reported by manufacturers of coke. d Not including 52,518,919 pounds, value $6,790,264, reported by manufacturers of soap. 2 In addition, products to the value of $3,063,397 were produced by establish- ments engaged primarily in the manufacture of products other than those covered by the industry designation, including the foUowmg: Acids: Muriatic Stearic Hydrofluoric Other Sodas: Sal soda tons.. Caustic tons.. Other tons-. Alums Coal-tar distillery products 47,018,1 1,750,000 1,217,578 Pounds. 1,763 14 14,200 33,074,349 Value. $431,938 140,000 71,668 146,716 29,561 668 363,766 532,185 238,645 Bleaching materials: Bisulphite. .tons. Glycerin Ether Epsom salts Blue vitriol Copperas Tin salts Other chemicals Pounds. 536 520,000 193,628 1,350,000 107,160 81,816 1,103,222 Value. $11,937 53,000 92,466 13,600 5,994 586 188,301 742,467 s See Table 80 for sulphuric, nitric, and mixed acids. - * Not reported separately. ' See chemical substances produced by the aid of electricity for additional product. ' Not reported. Coke. — Table 67, which presents the statistics for the manufacture of coke, does not include those for gas-house coke, which are shown in Table 71. The total production of coke, including gas-house coke sold and that made and consumed in gas manufacture, was 41,947,949 tons in 1909 as compared with 27,857,441 tons in 1904, an increase of 50.6 per cent. The gas- house coke included in these figures formed 6.3 per cent of the total product in 1909 and 9.9 per cent in 1904. The value of all products of the coke industry proper was $98,078,383 in 1909, $51,728,647 in 1904, and $35,585,445 in 1899, an increase for the decade of 175.6 per cent. A marked feature of the industry is the increasing use of retort ovens. Although the retort coke product was not reported separately in 1899, the by-products of this branch of the industry were given and aggregated $952,027 in value. In 1909 the value of the retort by-products was $8,112,900, The value of the coke and by-products made by retort ovens constituted 29.1 per cent of the total value of all products of the industry in 1909. Of the total value of the products made by retort ovens, two-fifths is contributed by the by-products. The ton of 2,000 -pounds is used in showing quantities. Table 67 MATERIALS. Total cost Coal charged into ovens: Tons Bun of mine — Unwashed Washed Slack- Unwashed Washed Cost All other materials .' PEODtrCTS. Total value Coke: ' Tons Value Made in beehive ovens — Tons Value Made in retort or by-product ovens- Tons Value By-products obtained from retort or by- product ovens — Gas made, cubic feet (thousands) . . , Used in process or wasted, cubic feet (thousands) Sold— Cubic feet (thousands) Value Tar- Gallons Value Ammonia, sulphate or reduced to equivalent in sulphate — Pounds Value Anhydrous ammonia — Pounds Value Ammonia liquor — Gallons Value All other EQUIPMENX. Ovens, number in existence at end of year Building at end of year Abandoned during the year 1909 1 $65,388,124 159,354,937 40,694,842 6,007,760 6,926,484 5,826,861 1 $62, 203, 382 $3,184,742 1 $98,078,383 39,315,066 $89,965,483 33,060,421 $69, 630, 794 6,264,644 $20,434,689 76,690,763 60,799,543 16,791,220 $2,609,211 60,126,006 $1,408,611 123, 111, 197 $3,227,316 4,871,014 $448,455 $419,307 103, 982 2,960 201 $29,884,632 36,781,006 24,872,731 2,649,251 4,414,326 4,844,698 $28,360,121 $1,524,411 ^$61,728,647 24,733,063 $49,002,051 22,516,280 $42,886,773 2,216,783 $6,116,278 18,761,101 14,878,301 3,882,800 $684,464 23,074,226 $551,836 26,050,713 $681, 427 8 4,339,679 $697,644 $111,226 76,099 2,127 178 1899 $19,666,532 30,157,829 20,844,637 1,457,961 6,036,675 2,818,556 $18,355,262 $1,310,280 $36,685,446 19,640,798 $34,633,418 [:i {') 1,171,943 $225,022 10,468,733 $207,962 11,984,931 $330,921 1,672,325 $180,642 $7,490 47,142 (') (') 1 Includescoal and cokingproducts produced by establishment's engaged prima- rily in the manufacture of products other than those covered by the industry desig- nation, viz: Coal used, unwashed, 666,539 tons, cost, $1,363,697; products valued at $2,381,761, comprising retort coke, 415,472 tons, valued at $1,464,162; tar, 4,398,576 gallons, valued at $87,639; ammonium sulphate, 9,962,744 pounds, valued at $236,606; gas sold, 2,160,915 thousand cubic feet, valued at $534,075; and ofcer prod- ucts, $60,280. 2 In addition, 410,225 tons of coke, valued at $1,302,572, were produced by estab- lishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of products other than those covered by the industry designation. s The statement for coke made in gas establishments will be found in detail under the classification "Gas, illuminating and heating." < Not reported. 6 Reported in part as anhydrous ammonia and in part as ammonium sulphate or reduced equivalents. Dyestuffs and extracts. — The statistics for dyestuffs and extracts given in Table 68 cover the products of estabUshments manufacturing the same for sale, and do not include those made by dye and print works or tanneries and consumed by the same in further pro- cesses of manufacture. The total value of products was $15,954,574 in 1909 and $7,350,748 in 1899, an increase of 117 per cent. The chief products were oak and chestnut extract, STATES, CITIES, AND INDUSTRIES. 497 which together increased almost ninefold in quantity and even more in value during the decade. Artificial dyestuflfs nearly doubled in quantity and in value, but the production of natural dyestuff s (included under ' ' All other products") has fallen off greatly, the value of the product being $1,035,711 in 1899 and only $233,935 in 1904. It was materially less in 1909, but can not be shown separately without disclosing individual operations. The census report on Forest Products for 1909 gives 386,817,895 pounds as the total consump- tion of tanning extracts in that year, which quantity exceeds the quantity of oak, chestnut, hemlock, and su- mac extracts here reported by over 83,000,000 pounds. This difference can be taken as representing approxi- mately the amount of tanning extract imported or made and consumed in tanning establishments. Table 68 Total value Artificial dyestiiffs: Pounds Value Extracts: Hemlock- Pounds Value Logwood — Pounds Value Oak and chestnut- Pounds Value Sumac — Pounds Value Ground sumac; Pounds Value Ground bark: Pounds Value Ground and chipped wood: Pounds Value... Gums and dextrins: Pounds Value Iron liquors: Pounds Value Mordants; Pounds Value Sizes: Pounds Value Tannic acid: Pounds Value Turkey-red oil: Pounds Value other tanning liquors; Pounds Value All other products' Jl, 573, 248 1909 > 916,964,574 12,267,399 $3, 462, 436 12,588,078 $280, 487 22,317,248 8991,974 287,908,285 S6, 061, 162 3,148,790 J107,456 654,032 $24, 531 25,142,076 8176,510 15,046,954 $143, 720 16,148,931 S610, 999 3,079,418 $30,282 1,735,887 $69, 515 64,054,711 $1,735,600 6,085,748 $249, 297 1,048,719 $72,053 9,285,048 $365,304 1904 '$10,893,113 4,600,462 . $1,764,454 18,833,460 8406,619 29,799,606 $1,472,047 156,520,123 $2,411,184 4,093,619 $96, 968 5,061,333 $66, 190 38,001,017 $249, 101 9,999,906 $95,237 6,651,731 $231,708 1,860,744 830,757 733,245 864,656 7,812,433 $217,869 5, 165, 500 $200, 136 3,022,470 8159,666 44,418,929 81,704,243 81,724,298 1899 87,350,748 6,581,860 $1,806,730 26,011,714 $563, 591 39,252,743 $1,486,971 28,983,036 $529,670 4,349,742 8103,085 9,284,000 $114,660 27,028,000 $149,366 12,690,037 $201,931 ^"1 954,240 87, 525 734,000 $85,466 101,920 $2,548 1,326,515 $149,662 2,210,000 $14,757 16,144,292 $405,659 $1,730,128 1 In addition, dyestufls and extracts, to the value ol $834,102, in 1909 and $19,111 in 1904, were produced by establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture ol products other than those covered by the industry designation. *Not reported separately. 8 Including a small production of natural dyestufls in 1909, a production in 1904 valued at $233,935, and a production in 1899 valued at $1,035,711. Note. — The following products were made and consumed in establishments where produced: Ground and chipped wood pounds. . Ground bark pounds. . Ground leaves pounds.. 1909 936,678,482 293,062,168 1,955,040 1904 524, 505, 744 40,390,640 3,586,171 Explosives. — Table 69 presents the statistics for the explosives industry. The value of all products was $40,139,661 in 1909 as compared with $17,125,418 in 1899, an increase of 134.4 per cent. 72497°— 13 32 The production of explosives in the industry proper was 469,481,252 pounds in 1909, 360,980,734 pounds La 1904, and 215,980,720 pounds in 1899, an increase for the decade of 117.4 per cent. If the explosives made by establishments operated by the Federal Government and by establishments engaged primarily in the manu- facture of other products be added, the total production in 1909 was 471,181,650 pounds. The output of dyna- mite formed about three-eighths of the total output of explosives, and its value approximately one-half of the total value of explosives reported. The most important product in respect to quantity of output was blasting powder, including "permissible explosives." Permis- sible explosives, known in Pennsylvania as safety ex- plosives, were reported separately for the first time in 1909. They are specially designed for use in dusty and gaseous coal mines. The ton of 2,000 'pounds is used in showing quantities. Table 69 1909 1904 1899 MATERIALS. $22,811,648 188,889 $7,892,336 51,764,694 $1,512,626 7,591,756 $541,314 22, 501 $406,204 17,389 $367,866 $12,091,202 1 $40,139,661 177, 155, 851 $18,699,746 28,913,253 $3,162,434 9,339,087 $9,608,265 9.607,448 $863,209 12,862,700 $1,736,427 7,464,826 $3,913,787 $2,155,793 $17,203,667 133,034 $5,608,557 105,652,404 $3,093,429 2,699,500 $122,047 18,298 $247,301 19,674 $507,469 $7,624,864 2 $29,602,884 1.30.920,829 $12,900,193 7,935,936 $1,620,117 8,217,448 $7,377,977 (4 10,383,944 $1,541,483 6,303,825 $4,256,193 $1,906,921 $10,334,974 Nitrate of soda: Tons 88,624 $2,902,868 66,906,146 $1,505,754 467,587 $17,171 7 864 Cost Acids: Mised— Cost Nitric- Pounds Sulphuric- Tons Cost 8130',699 12,742 $317,383 $6,461,191 $17,125,418 85,846,456 $8,247,223 3,618,692 $783,299 3,907,012 $3,857,974 (») 25,638,804 $1,452,377 3,201,468 $2,610,103 $174,442 Sulphur or brimstone: Tons Cost All other materials PRODtJCTS. Total value Dynamite: PnnndR Value Nitroglycerin, sold as such: Pounds Value BlastiQg powder: Kegs (26 pounds) Value . .... Permissible explosives: Pnnnds Value.. Gunpowder: Ponnds Value other explosives;' Ponnds Value.. All other products 1 In addition, 1,481,042 pounds, to the value of 8802,948, were made by Federal establishments, and 219, 356 pounds, to the value of $135,979, by establishments en- gaged primarily in the manufacture of products other than those covered by the in- dustry desi^ation. 2 In addition, 1,104,532 pounds, to the value of $690,032, were made by Federal establishments and by establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of products other than those covered by the industry designation. 3 Not reported separately. ' Includes smokeless powder and guncotton or pyroxylin, to avoid disclosing operations of individual establishments. Note.— The following products were made and consumed in the establishments where produced: Saltpeter pounds. . Nitroglycerin pounds. . Sulphuric acid tons. . Nitric acid tons . . Charcoal bushels. . Cellulose nitrates pounds. . Nitrate of ammonia pounds.. 1909 12,060,225 70,289,667 42,565 31,484 737,884 5,000,226 10,904,319 3,559,376 44,077,828 30,994 18,988 1,156,918 6,299,317 498 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— MANUFACTURES. Fertilizers. — The following table giving statistics for the fertihzerindustry does not include the product of establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of products other than fertilizers, chief of which are slaughtering and meat-packing estabUshments and cottonseed-oil mills. The value of all products of the industry proper, which includes some that are not fer- tilizers, was $103,960,213 in 1909, as compared with $44,657,385 in 1899, an increase of 132.8 per cent. Including the fertOizer by-products of other indus- tries, the total production of fertiUzers in 1909 was 5,618,234 tons, valued at $100,089,971. During the period 1899-1909 the toimage of the fertihzer prod- ucts of the establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of fertihzers increased 87.5 per cent. Some of the materials, such as sulphuric acid, are the products of establishments engaged in this industry, and therefore are duplicated in the total value of products. The ton of 2,000 founds is used in showing quantities. Table 70 1909 1901 1899 1909 1901 1899 MATERIALS. Total cost $69,621,920 778,639 $16,065,978 63,381 $3,640,592 322, 720 $2,783,658 85,714 $3,730,070 1,529,124 $8,621,094 257, 766 $7,327,549 456,574 52,831,994 603,672 $3,312,687 4,236 $68,924 415,656 $3,946,440 $3,031,437 $14,161,497 $39,287,911 $28,968,173 PRODUCTS. 3 $103,960,213 5,240,164 $92,369,631 1, 201, 354 $13,318,529 472, 757 $10,061,193 313,888 $3,638,210 2,717,797 $57,243,899 534,368 $8,107,800 153,067 $923,492 30,651 $611,288 $10,056,802 3$S6,eil,2S3 3,267,777 $50,460,694 766,338 $7,516,257 775,987 $12,901,057 1,329,149 $25,673,511 394,703 $4,370,869 24,602 $194,578 45,689 $241,506 $5,644,475 S11.657.38& Ammoniates: Tons Fertilizers: Tons 2, 794, 705 $40,545,661 Cost 1 $9, 916, 648 10,540 $600,856 190,493 $1, 891, 073 42,213 $1, 760, 432 888,571 $4,244,554 122,107 $3,606,701 342, 962 $2,020,759 197,865 $1,084,304 4,210 $92,234 320,669 $2,912,010 $847, 142 $10,312,201 '$9,934,145 4,120 $186,609 64,700 $520,833 19,518 $709,841 787,927 $3,554,174 (?) $3,098,400 288,778 $1,466,285 231, 527 $1,355,382 12,728 $268,670 286,898 $2,176,245 $183, 542 $5,504,347 Value Ammomuiu sulphate: Tons . . Superphosphates from minerals, bones, etc. — Cost 923,198 $8, 471, 943 Kainit: Value Ammonia ted — Cost 142,898 $2,449,388 Nitrate of soda: Value Concentrated phosphate- Tons . . . Cost P) Pho^hate rock: Value (») Complete — Tons . Cost 1, 436, 682 Fotaah salts: $25, 446, 046 Other- Tons . Cost 291,927 Pyrites: Value $4,178,284 Sulphuric acid (reduced to 50° Baumfi): Tons Cost. 71, 176 Sulphuric acid: Tons $437,925 Other.acids — Tons Cost . . p) Sulphur or brimstone: Tons ' Value $17, 872 All other products Cost $3, 655, 927 Superphosphates: Tons Cost Fish 1 Includes tor 1904, 125,888 tons ot ammoniates classified as such, valued at $2,445,051; cottonseed meal, valued at $2,376,448; and bones, tankage, and oflal, valued at $5,094,149; and for 1899, cottonseed meal, valued at $167,410; and bones, tankage, and oflal, valued at $9,766,735. 2 Not reported. a In addition, in 1909, 231,287 tons of complete fertilizer, valued at $4,806,832; 49,632 tons of ammonlated fertilizer, valued at $943,197; 22,615 tons of superphos- phates, valued at $426,302; 63,581 tons of "other" fertilizer, valued at $1,365,931; 10,955 tons of concentrated phosphate, valued at $178,078; and other products to the vaJue of $190,928; and in 1904, fertilizers, to the value of $2,069,714, were made by establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of products other than those 1 by the industry designation. ' covered 1: Note. — The following products were made and consumed in establishments where produced: 1909 1901 Acid phosphate tons. . Sulphuric acid tons. . 1,838,865 841, 935 884,211 692, 904 Gas, illuminating and heating. — The statistics for the gas industry presented in Table 71 include only those establishments which made gas as their main product. The total production of gas made for sale by such establishments and by retort coke ovens combined — but not including the by-products of establishments outside these two industries — was in 1909, 166,627,013 thousand cubic feet, valued at $141,224,520; in 1904, 116,432,779 thousand cubic feet, valued at 1113,347,032; and in 1899, 68,265,496 thousand cubic feet, valued at $69,657,604. The in- crease in quantity for the period 1899-1909 was thus 144.1 per cent, and that in value 102.7 per cent. In addition to the product above reported for 1909, 1,730,563 thousand cubic feet were made and con- sumed in gas plants and 60,799,543 thousand cubic feet were made and consumed or wasted by retort coking estabhshments. There is also a large con- sumption of producer gas and blast-furnace gas by establishments in other industries which produced the gas themselves. The value of products of the illuminating-gas indus- try proper aggregated $166,814,371 in 1909 as com- pared with $75,716,693 in 1899, an increase of 120.3 per cent. Only about four-fifths of this value repre- sents that of the gas itself. The industry shows a progressive decrease from census to census in unit values for all kinds of gas with the exception of acetylene gas. The ton of 2,000 pounds is used for showing quantities. STATES, CITIES, AND INDUSTRIES. 499 Table 71 MATEKULB. Total cost. Coal: Tons Cost Oil: Gallons Cost Coke: Tons Cost All other materials . Total value Gas:» Cutic feet (thousands). . Value Straight coal- Cubic feet (thousands). , Value Straight water — Cubic feet (thousands). . Value Carburettcd water- Cubic feet (thousands). , Value Mixed coal and water- Cubic feet (thousands). Value Oil- Cubic feet (thousands). . Value Acetylene — Cubic feet (thoiisands). vine All other- Cubic feet (thousands). Value Coke: Bushels Value Tar: Gallons Value 1909 All other products Receipts from rents and sales of lamps and appliances $S2,127,gl4 4,940,598 $16,304,832 579,657,152 tl7,346,750 691,919 $2,667,706 $16,109,566 2 $166,814,371 150,835,793 $138, 615, 309 19,985,253 $18,065,841 1,726,082 $1,289,031 79, 418, 486 $69, 513, 749 40, 775, 283 $36,953,543 $12,111,468 25,186 $361,348 216, 643 $320,339 82,049,683 $5,723,215 6 78,339,880 $1, 875, 649 s$13,556,908 $7,043,390 1901 1 $37,180,066 4,431,774 $14,607,485 410,989,564 $15,016,602 436,634 $1,602,762 $6,964,217 $126,144,946 112,649,979 $112, 662, 568 12,693,034 $12,868,604 715,550 $832,440 64, 687, 418 $48,071,180 40,980,414 $46,605,263 3,441,352 $5,141,460 7,881 $104,267 24, 330 $39,354 89,146,434 $6,195,461 67,516,421 $2,064,343 $972, 992 $4, 249, 681 1899 $20,606,866 2,487,287 $7,164,472 194,857,296 $8,168,657 217, 364 $726, 736 $4,646,491 $76,716,693 67,093,663 $69, 432, 582 8 ■ $4,283,204 $2,000,907 1 Does not include $4,013,885 paid for lamps and appliances. 2 In addition, products of gas manufacture to the value of $261,802 were pro- duced by establismnents engaged primarily in the manufacture of products other than those covered by the industry designation. The items covered by these products were 27,558 (thousands) cubic feet of coal gas, valued at $29,419; 13,070 (thousands) cubic feet of acetylene gas, valued at $224,618; 44,347 bushels of coke, valued at $3,399; 38,370 gallons of tar, valued at $1,372; and receipts from sale of lamps and appliances to the amount of $2,994. 3 Statistics of the gas made in coke establishments are shown in detail under the classification "Coke." < Not reported separately. 6 In addition, there were 13,813,068 gallons for which no value was reported. » Includes 49, 720,220 gallons of ammonia liquor, valued at $725,702, and 1,154,319 pounds of hydrocarbons, valued at $44,509. Note.— The following products were made and consumed in establishments where produced: Coke bushels. . rpar gallons. . Gas,' cubio'feet i !".'.'.'.'.".'.'- thousands. . Benzene or benzel 1909 49, 650, 153 31,590,178 1,730,663 302,994 1904 46,661,186 14,772,878 1,363,757 Glucose and starcli. — Statistics are presented in Table 72 for the glucose and starcli industry for the years 1909 and 1904. Corn is the principal material used. The value of all products of the industry was $48,799,311 in 1909 and $32,649,836 in 1904, the increase for the five-year period being 49.5 per cent. The starch product (gross, including dupHcation), increased in quantity 89.9 per cent and in value 60.3 per cent, the entire gain being in cornstarch. The percentages of increase in the value of glucose, grape sugar, and corn oil are large, notably that for corn oil. In 1899 the produc- tion of starch (in part estimated) was 543,040,000 pounds, greatly exceedmg the figures for 1904. The decrease in production from 1899 to 1904 was due in large measure to the decrease m the export trade of this commodity. Some establishments included in the industry are engaged primarily in reprocessing starch, resulting in a dupUcation of products. In 1909 105,299,010 pounds of cornstarch were used as material by such factories, 104,597,648 pounds of cornstarch being obtained as products. The deduction of this duplica- tion from the total gives the quantity of marketable cornstarch produced in 1909 as 534,227,718 pounds. Table 7Z 1909 1904 MATERIALS. $36,898,771 2,240,608,915 $26,674,779 1,940,000 $21,435 210.608,127 $541, 369 106,299,010 $1,763,173 19,546,824 $48? 26: $7,415,762 $48,799,311 677,535,647 $17,514,823 638,825,366 $16,962,916 12,127,686 $626,337 26,582,596 $926,670 769,660,210 $17,922,614 169,060,478 $3,620,816 8. 164, 176 $2,802,768 $6,013,968 $924,422 $26,518,876 Cora: (') $19,074,728 Wheat and roots: ['1 Potatoes: 209,372,649 $663,661 Cornstarch: (') m Wheat flour: ['1 $5,880,497 3 $32,649,836 PRODUCTS. Total Talae Starch: Pounds 366, 696, 336 $10,927,538 Com- pounds 311,140,814 Value -. . $8,878,460 17,846,121 Wheat and root — Value 11, 124, 612 Potato- 27,709,400 Value $924, 476 Glucose, including all sirups: (') Value $12,362,616 (') $2, 264, 746 Grape sugar: Com oil: G allons $1,164,466 $4,446,479 $1,603,992 ' Not reported. 3 Not reported separately. 3 In addition, 1,3')9,691 pounds of cornstarch, valued at $48,059, were made by establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of products other than those covered by the industry designation. Cottonseed, oil and cake. — The following table pre- sents the statistics for cottonseed products: Table 73 Cotton seed crushed tons.. PRODUCTS. Total value Primary products manufactured, whether for sale or for further use: Oil gallons. . Meal and cake tons. . Hulls tons. . Linters pounds. . 19091 3,798,649 $147,867,894 167,115,689 1,661,734 1,268,612 174,620,099 3,308,930 $96,407,621 132,051,801 1,343,977 1,201,079 116,707,298 1899 2,479,386 $68,726,632 93,325,729 884,391 1,169,286 57,272.063 1 In addition, products to the value of $2,017,306 were produced by establish- ments engaged primarily in the manufacture of products other than those covered by the industry designation; these establishments crushed 28,752 tons of seed and produced 1,212,852 gallons of crude oU, 12,811 tons of meal and cake, 8,926 tons of hulls, and 1,152,978 pounds of linters. > In addition, establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of products other than those covered by the industry designation crushed 36,440 tons of seed and produced 1,765,971 gallons of crude oil, 16,195 tons of meal and cake, 12,265 tons of hulls, and 1,085,671 pounds of Ihiters. The amount of seed crushed in mills engaged primarily in the industry increased from 2,479,386 tons in 1899'to 3,798,549 tons in 1909, or 53.2 per cent, while the value 500 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— MANUFACTURES. of all products, including fertilizer, ice, feed, etc., where carried on in connection with the manufacture of cottonseed products, increased from $58,726,632 to $147,867,894, or 151.8 per cent. A marked feature of the industry is the progressive increase ia quantity of oil, meal, and linters, and decrease in quantity of hulls per ton of seed crushed. The ton of 2,000 pounds is used for showing quantities. Oil, essential. — The products of the essential-oil in- dustry, given in the following table, indreased in value from $813,495 in 1899 to $1,737,234 in 1909, or 113.6 per cent. The output of natural oils increased in value 58.2 per cent, and of witch-haiel over sevenfold. Table 174 PRODUCT. 1909 1904 1S99 Totalvalae 1 $1,737,234 $1,108,603 305, 781 $519,079 67, 053 $102, 045 33,400 $83,283 22,281 $68,983 (=) $335,213 679,190 $412,322 $216,309 I $1,464,662 $1,023,937 130,022 $470,037 P) m m 4,737 $15, 579 327,908 $538,321 797,700 $367, 873 $72,8.52 $813,499 $700, 709 Peppermint- 202, 550 Value $188, 559 Black bircli — P) P) P) 2,166 Value Spearmint — Value Wintergreen — Value $Ef,638 638, 024 Other- Pounds $508, 512 Witoli-hazel: OnJlnTiR , 110,260 $54,649 $58,137 Value All otlier products 1 In addition, essential oils to the value of $117,489 in 1909 and $14,500 in 1904 were produced hy establishments engaged prirrarily in the manufacture of products other than those covered by the industry designation. 2 Not reported separately. ■ The products classified under this head include 49,327 pounds, valued at $44,494; quantities not reported for the remainder. Paint and varnish. — The inquiry at the present cen- sus in regard to specific materials used in the manu- facture of paints and varnishes was confined to pig lead and alcohol, the comparative statistics for which, including establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of products other than those covered by the industry designation, are as follows : *75 MATERIAL. | 1909 1904 1899 Pig lead: 145.917 $12,014,859 1,683,382 $920, 086 1,327,157 $693,362 366,225 $226, 724 129, 629 $11,214,961 1,416,746 $928, 946 1,357,682 $790, 243 59,064 $138, 703 99.052 Cost $8,585,688 388, 368 Alcohol: Cost $461,417 310,059 $285,510 78,309 $175,907 Wood- Cost Grain- Gallons Cost The statistics for paint and varnish products are given in the following table, which does not include the pigments ground in establishments classified as en- gaged in the manufacture of kaolin and ground earths, the blacks made by establishments classified as engaged in the manufacture of bone, carbon, and lamp black, nor lead or zinc oxide made by lead and zinc smelters. During the period 1899 to 1909 the value of all products increased from $69,562,235 to $124,889,422, or 79.5 per cent. Paints in oil constitute the most important group. The output of pigments, including white lead in oil, increased 141.9 per cent, and that of varnishes and japans 69 per cent in value. Table 76 Total value Pigments White lead, dry — Pounds Value Oxides of lead- Pounds Value Larnpblack and other blacks- Pounds Value Iron oxides and other earth colors — Pounds Value other dry colors — Pounds Value Barytes — Pounds Value Pulp colors, sold moist — Pounds Value Paints in oil White lead in oil- Pounds Value Paste— Pounds Value Already mixed for use — Gallons Value Varnishes and japans Oleoresinous varnishes — Gallons Value Damar and similar turpentine and benzine varnishes — Gallons Value Spirit varnishes not turpentine — Gallons Value Pyroxylin varnishes — Gallons Value Dryers, japans and lacquers- Gallons Value All other Fillers Liquid — Gallons Value Paste- Founds Value Dry- Pounds Value Putty- Pounds Value Water paints and kalsomine: Dry or in paste- Pounds Value Already mixed for use — Gallons Value Linseed oil: Gallons Value Bleached shellac: Pounds Value All other products 1909 I $124,889,422 $16,986,588 85,234,414 $3,921,803 63, 404, 846 $3,662,062 1, 810, 445 $105,063 111,674,676 $876, 331 162,409,565 $6,874,333 49,496,025 $268, 757 28, 435, 722 $1, 277, 239 $66, 763, 296 246,567,570 $15,234,411 162,356,330 $11, 279, 459 33,272,033 $30, 249, 426 $31, 262, 635 18,476,523 $17,350,113 3,481,231 $2,836,341 1, 181, 746 $1, 408, 048 1, 880, 141 $2,351,425 9.474,939 $5, 094, 973 $2,221,635 $3, 126, 271 1,159,669 $823,063 14.050,329 $887,948 60,983.472 $295, 728 63,502,048 $1,119,532 47, 465, 266 $1,917,038 522,283 $61,969 3,477,004 $1,912,594 3,014.195 $578. 650 $12, 281, 481 1904 1 $90,839,609 $11,965,806 62,395,868 $2, 877, 109 49,734,330 _$2.591,772 757,244 $49, 869 48,345,978 $331, 416 98,194,081 $5,066,083 22,299,980 $134, 174 25,351,515 $915,383 $40,390,059 216, 496, 450 $11, 228, 889 131,940,464 $8, 713, 183 22,379,020 $20,447,987 $22, 871, 486 17,162,719 $15,702,997 1,563,562 $2, 180, 713 148,320 $162, 163 P) $3,346,355 $1,479,258 $2, 344, 636 1,051,148 $785,617 68, 761, 174 $1,559,019 27,932,447 $924,807 123,400 $9,230 $12,333,585 1899 $69,S62,23S 2 $13, 319, 487 2 116,102,316 $4, 211, 181 50, 759, 623 $2,550,340 1,065,000 $60,250 33,463,896 $318,242 167,479,090 $5,317,943 20,060,936 $861,531 P) P) 306,410,398 $17,601,459 16,879,595 $14,864,126 $18,502,219 14,282,851 $14,333,5.H 649,811 $905,229 160, 127 $178,826 P) $3,084,610 P) P) ^l $5,274,944 1 In addition, paints and varnishes, to the value of $2,683,397 in 1909 and$l,221,338 in 1904, were made by establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of products other than those covered by the industry designation. ' Includes white lead in oil. = Not reported separately. ' Not reported. Note. — The following products were made and consumed in establishments where produced: White lead, dry pounds.. Lead oxides pounds. . Varnishes gallons. . Drying japans and dryers gallons. . Collodion and other cellulose nitrate solu- tions gallons. . Pyroxylin and other cellulose nitrates pounds . . Coppera'3 pounds. . 1909 162,702,089 4, 526, 425 4,407,312 3,090,756 20,600 24,750 11,531,006 1904 122,288,484 13,589,147 1,202,674 988,979 1,576,442 12,000 STATES, CITIES, AND INDUSTRIES. 501 Petroleum refining. — The products of the petroleum- refining iadustry, statistics for which are presented in the followuig table, aggregated $236,997,659 iri value in 1909 «.s compared with $123,929,384 ia 1899, the increase during the decade being 91.2 per cent. This conforms closely to the increase in the cost of crude petroleum used, which was 89.4 per cent. The crude petroleum used increased in quantity from 52,011,005 barrels of 42 gallons in 1899 to 120,775,439 barrels in 1909, or 132.2 per cent, and the refined-oil products aggregated 40,290,985 barrels of 50 gallons in 1899, 46,454,062 barrels in 1904, and 89,082,810 barrels in 1909, an increase for the decade of 136.2 per cent. Table 77 Crude petrolenin used : Barrels (42 gallons) . Cost PEODUCTS.l Total value Oils: Ulonunating — Barrels (50 gallons) Value Fuel (including gas oils)— Barrels Value Lubricating— Barrels Value Naphtha and gasoline (including gas naphtha)— Barrels Value ParafBn wax- Barrels Value Oil asphaltum— Tons (2,000 pounds) Value Residuum or tar- Barrels Value Greases (lubricating, etc.)— Barrels Value Coke and black naphthas- Value Sludge acid— Tons (2,000 pounds) Value 1909 120,776,439 $162,307,040 All other products EQUIPMENT. Stills, number Heated by steam- Number Capacity (barrels 42 gallons) . . .. Heated by superheated steam — Number - — Capacity (barrels 42 gallons) . . .. Heated by Are— Number . . . . , Capacity (barrels 42 gallons). . - Agitators, number - - Chilling houses tor paraffin, number Hydraulic or other presses, number Storage tanks tor crude petroleum: Number Capacity, gallons ■ )rage Number Capacity, gallons . . Cooper shops, number . Tin shops, number $236,997,659 33, 495, 798 $94,547,010 34,034,577 $36,462,883 10,745,885 $38,884,236 10,806,650 $39,771,959 946,830 $9,388,812 233,328 $2,724,Z62 1,787,008 $2,215,623 138,302 $1,567,647 $607,695 133,215 $402,296 $10,524,747 2,395 451 424,564 16 6,200 1,656,534 629 79 357 678 242,690,505 6,476 1,041,627,444 63 14 1901 66,982,862 $107,187,091 $176,006,320 27,135,094 $91,366,434 7,209,428 $9,205,391 6,298,251 $23,553,091 5,811,289 $21,314,837 794,068 $10,007,274 3,187,921 $3,138,361 202,439 $1,394,130 $149,653 165,104 $400,480 $14,475,669 1,907 282 (') IS (') 1,610 374 67 311 304 245,760,493 3,575 676,458,825 64 17 1899 62,011,006 $80,421,207 $12i,929,381 26,171,289 $74,694,297 6,096,224 $7,550,664 3,408,918 $10,897,214 5,616,554 $16,991,742 774,924 $7,791,149 m « 596,615 $688,455 572,140 $2,454,617 $176,281 $3,684,965 1,774 290 (•) (») 26 (») (•) (») 1,458 327 48 610 257 1 In 1909 48 680 tons of sulphuric acid, and in 1904, 49,379 tons, were made and consumed in' establishments where produced. » Not reported separately. > Not reported. The largest gain was that in the output of fuel oils, which mcreased from 7,209,428 barrels in 1904 to 34,034,577 barrels in 1909, as the result of the increase in 'the 'refining of low-grade crude oils. The output of lubricating oils and naphtha also increased very rapidly. The decrease in the value of " all other prod- ucts" in 1909 as compared with 1904 is due in part to the fact that the products of the box, cooperage, tinware, and paint shops operated by the refineries were included in 1904, but when possible separate reports were obtained for these departments in 1909 and the statistics for them were included with those for other industries at this census. Salt.— The statistics for the salt industry are given in the following table.^ The value of all products increased from $7,966,897 in 1899 to $11,327,834 in 1909, or 42.2 per cent. The production of salt in- creased from 15,187,819 barrels in 1899 to 29,933,060 barrels in 1909, or, 97.1 per cent, while the value of the product mcreased from $5,869,362 to $8,311,729, or 41.6 per cent, the average value per barrel decreas- ing from 39 cents in 1899 to 28 cents in 1909 on account of the greatly increased proportion of the lower grades of salt manufactured. The barrel of 280 pounds is used in showing quantities. Table 78 Total value. Salt: Barrels Value '. ... Bromine: Pounds Value All other products. , Salt, classified by grade (barrels). Table and dairy Common-fmB (Common coarse Packers Coarse solar Rock salt, mined Milling, other grades, and brine. Process employed. Total mmiber of establishments. . Number reporting: Solar Kettle Grainer Open pan Vacuum pan 1909 $11,327,831 29,933,060 $8,311,729 2 728,875 $92, 735 $2,923,370 3,042,824 7,746,204 2,843,393 385,802 1,109,396 5,938,721 8,867,720 1904 1 $9,437,662 17,128,672 $6,955,734 261.665 $72,584 $2,409,344 3,119,091 6,254,293 1,878,666 498,943 1,677,182 3,416,836 283, 562 189» $7,966,887 15,187,819 $5,869,362 279, 437 $64,921 $2,032,614 1,866,058 6,866,12« 2,636,282 182,930 910,974 2,643,679 182, 770 169 1 In addition, 25,043 barrels of salt, to the value of $8,415, were produced by estab- lishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of nroducts other than those covered by the industry designation. ' Includes potassium bromide. 3 Not reported. Soap. — The statistics for the soap industry given in Table 79 for 1909 and 1904 include those for the soap factories operated by the owners of slaughter- ing and meat-packing establishments as well as for establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of soap. In 1899 the manufacture of soap and of candles was reported as one industry, the value of products being $53,231,017. In 1904 the value of the combined products of these industries was $72,164,062 and m 1909, $114,488,298. The cost of the materials used in the soap industry was $72,179,418 in 1909 and $43,625,608 in 1904, the ^ The Bfatistics differ from those published by the United States Geological Survey, which include Hawaii and Porto Rico. 502 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— MANUFACTURES. increase for the five-year period being 65.5 per cent. The value of all products was $111,357,777 m 1909 and $68,274,700 in 1904, the increase for the five-year period being 63.1 per cent. With the addition of the by-products from establishments in other industries the total value of soap products was $115,455,172 in 1909. The chief soap product was hard soap, which, including that made ia establishments engaged pri- marily in the manufacture of products other than soap, aggregated 883,583 net tons iu 1909. GlycerLa is an important product of the soap industry. Eeference should be made to Table 66 for the glycerin product of chemical establishments. Table T9 1909 1904 MATERIALS. Total cost $72,179,418 413,969,787 823,341,905 11,856,837 $5,875,294 24,221,712 $9,718,988 207,296,447 $4,362,412 94,050,892 $2,453,609 52,172 $2,212,233 121,016 $2,281,787 $21,933,191 1 $111,357,777 1,736,740,466 $88,550,830 44,052,615 $943,676 2 39,689,300 $5,713,558 $731,823 $15,417,890 $43,625,608 Tallow, grease, and other fats: 476,618,277 Cost $19,723,311 6,833,132 Cocoanut and palm-kernel oil: Cost. $2, 692, 034 Cottonseed oil: flallnns 13,276,006 Cost $3,882,987 Bosin: PnnnHs 168, 107, 246 Cost $2,734,848 Foots: Pounds - . - - - 69,761,740 Cost $1,222,982 Caustic soda: Tons (2,000 pounds) 71,661 Cost $2,843,988 Soda ash: Tons (?!,flOn pnnnds) , 63,777 Cost $1,011,694 All other materials . . $9,613,764 PK0DUCT3. 1 $68,274,700 Hard soap: Pounds . 1,355,368,649 Value $56,878,486 Soft soap: Pnnnfls . , 33,613,416 Value $667,064 Glycerin: Pounds . - 27,660,661 $2,968,115 $664, 881 $7,216,154 1 In addition, the following products were made by establishments engaged pri- marily in the manufacture of products other than tliose covered by the industry designation: Soap: Hard- Pounds. Value... Soft^ Pounds . Value... Glycerin: Pounds Value All other products. 1909 30,424,855 $1,279,004 15,984,055 $325,511 3 7,206,721 $1,076,706 $1,416,174 1904 31,261,795 $1,148,920 10,285,839 $94,017 665, 000 $46, 200 $148,981 2 In addition, 5,597,519 pounds were reported with no value. ' In addition, 25,319 pounds were reported with no value. Note. — The following products were made and consumed In establishments where produced: Red oil gallons. . Tallow pounds. . Cottonseed oil gallons. . Caustic lye, 30° BaumS gallons. . Sodium silicate pounds. . Glycerin pounds. . Framed soap pounds. . 3,176,796 17,709,219 2, 422, 843 16,931,639 37,466,246 6,816,279 527,-370,128 1904 1,149,346 10,613,271 920, 410 9, 568, 622 1,697,886 3,433,359 114, 452, 424 Sulphuric, nitric, and mixed acids. — Comparative statistics for the products of estabhshments engaged primarily in the manufacture of sulphuric, nitric, and mixed acids are given in the following table. The total value of products was $9,884,057 in 1909, as compared with $8,596,390 in 1899, an increase of 15 per cent. This increase was chiefly in sulphuric acid, the output of which increased in quantity (on the basis of 50° acid) 88.8 per cent and in value 38.3 per cent. The ton of 2,000 pounds is used in showing quantities. Table 80 PKODUCT. 1909 1904 1899 Total value I 59,884,057 $7, 567, 274 855,191 703, 185 $t, 629, 496 267,476 $3,158,097 73,073 $401,734 2 362,636 $2,069,665 8,396,326 $499,303 45,361,626 $1,438,475 $2,316,783 1 $9,052,646 $6,955,078 467,614 364, 374 $4,286,312 199,663 $2,886,179 13,634 $121,432 3 151,977 $1,278,701 30,306,555 $1,446,471 42,812,894 $1,222,295 $2,097,668 $8,596,390 Acids $6,209,872 452,942 324,365 Sulphuric: Tons, reduced to 50° Baumi5 Value. . . $4,071,848 250,328 $3,244,586 13,650 $199,380 66° Baum«— Value 60° Banmi— Tons Value 50° Baumfi— Tons 60,387 Value $627,882 Nitric: Pounds 20,402,570 $1,028,266 42,301,319 $1,109,758 $2,386,518 Value •.. Mixed: Pounds Value All other products 1 In addition, the following products were made by estabUshments engaged Srimarily in the manufacture of products other than those covered by the industry eslgnation: 1909 1904 Acids: Sulphuric (50°)— 621,801 $4,455,263 18,929,620 $867,796 11,820,642 $422,312 $511,53-2 433,377 Value $3,665,899 15,957,526 Nitric- Value $804,473 22,518,433 $735, 061 Mixed— Value All other products 2 Includes the equivalent of 27,602 tons of oleum. 3 Includes the equivalent of 13,268 tons of oleum. NoTE.— In 1909, 1,271,536 tons of sulphuric acid (50°) and 110,760,619 pounds of nitric acid, and In 1904, 968,455 tons of sulphuric acid (50°) and 62,116,306 pounds of nitric acid were made and consumed In establishments where produced. Including by-products from establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of products other than those covered by the industry designation, the total production of these acids for sale in 1909 and 1904 was as follows: Table „„^ 81 I'lND- 1909 1904 Sulphuric acid (60°): Tons - . - 1,476,992 $10, 084, 759 27,326,946 $1,367,098 67,182,168 $1,860,787 900,991 $7, 942, 211 Value Nitric acid: 46,264,081 Value $2, 260, 944 Mixed acids: 65,331,327 $1,957,356 Value A large amount of sulphuric acid made and con- sumed in the establishments where manufactured, particularly in fertilizer factories, must be taken into STATES, CITIES, AND INDUSTRIES. 503 account in considering the total production. The following table gives the total production for the three census years : Table g2 SULPHTJKIC ACID. 1909 1901 1899 Total, reduced to 50° Baumg acid. . . .tons For sale 2,748,527 1,476,992 1,271,535 1,869,437 900,992 968,445 1,548,123 783,768 764,355 For consumption Turpentine and rosin. — The products of the turpen- tine and rosin industry for which statistics are pre- sented in the following table increased in value from $20,344,888 in 1899 to $25,295,017 in 1909, or 24.3 per cent, but the gain was due wholly to the great in- crease in the price of rosin. The turpentine product decreased in both quantity and value during the decade. The output of rosin also decreased 24.9 per cent, but its value increased 145.2 per cent. The average value of rosin per barrel increased from $1.18 in 1899 to $3.85 in 1909. Table 83 PKODTJCT. 1909 1904 1899 '$26,296,017 28,988,954 $12,654,228 3,263,857 $12,576,721 $64,068 $23,937,024 30,687,051 $15,170,499 3,608,347 $8,725,619 $40,906 $20,344,888 38,488,170 $14,960,236 4,348,094 $6,129,268 $255,385 Turpentine: Value Eosin: RftTTPI,"? (9^ pnnnrts) Value.. . " . ' Dross and other products I In addition, 682,702 gallons of turpentine, valued at $243,491, was produced by wood distillation. CLAY, GLASS, AND STONE PRODUCTS. Under this general head are assembled the indus- tries using clay, sand, and stone as basic materials, namely, the manufacture of brick, tile, pottery, terra- cotta, and fire-clay products, and that of cement, glass, and lime. The statistics for all these industries, except glass manufacture, were collected in 1909 in cooperation with the United States Geological Survey, and the tables include, except as otherwise stated, the respective products made by estabhshments engaged primarily in the manufacture of other products as well as those establishments making such products as their principal business. Brick and tile, and pottery, terra-cotta, and fire-clay products.' — Table 84 summarizes the statistics in regard to the products of the brick and tile, pot- tery, and terra-cotta and fire-clay products indus- tries. The total value of these classes of products was $168,895,365 in 1909 and $95,533,862 in 1899, the increase during the decade being 76.8 per cent. Of the total value of products in 1909, that of brick formed 57.5 per cent, that of tile and allied products 23.2 per cent, and that of pottery 18.4 per cent. The percentages were practically the same in 1904 and 1899. Some of the classes show largs ratios of in- ' The statistics differ from those published by the United States Geological Survey, which include Porto Eico. crease, notably porcelain electrical supphes and build- ing terra cotta, including architectural terra cotta, fireproofing, and tiling. Table 84 1909 Total value Brick and tile, terra-cotta, and fire- clay products Brick Common— Thousand Value Fire- Thousand Value Vitrified, paving, etc.— Thousand Value Front, including fancy colored and fancy or ornamental — Thousand Value Sand lime Enameled Drain tile Sewer pipe Architectural terra cotta Fireproofing, terra-cotta lumber and hollow building tUe, or blocks Tile, not drain Stove lining other Pottery White ware, including 0. C. ware, white granite, semiporcelain ware, and semivitreous porce- lain ware Sanitary ware Stoneware and yellow and Rock- ingham ware Porcelain electrical suppUes China, bone china. Delft and Bel- leek ware Red earthenware other All other products . $188,896,386 $136,387,846 $97,137,844 9,787,671 $57,216,789 838, 167 $16,620,695 1,023,654 $11,269,586 821, 641 $9,886,292 $1,150,580 $993,902 $9,798,978 $10,322,324 $6,251,625 $4,466,708 $5,291,963 $423,583 $2,694,821 $31,048,341 $13,728,316 $5,989,295 $3,993,859 $3,047,499 '$1,766,766 $804,806 $1,717,800 $1,469,178 1904 $136,362,864 $109,003,306 $78,728,083 8,683,897 $51,239,871 678, 362 $11,752,625 716, 659 $7,266,088 626, 14J $7,336,511 $698,003 $445,985 $6,622,198 $8,416,009 $3,T92,76S $4,317,312 $2,725,717 (1) 35,601,224 $26,834,613 $9,196,703 $3,932,506 $3,481,521 $1,500,283 $3,4T8,SJT $821,695 $3,424,178 $515,035 1899 $96,633,863 $76,651,645 $58,640,228 7, 664, 628 $39,674,749 800,862 $8,fi36,6«2 690,728 $4,828,466 451,429 $5,170,492 0) $329,969 SS,« Not reported separately. ' Product of Ohio included in "other" pottery. Cement. — The statistics of products for the cement industry for 1909 and 1904, given in the following table, show a total value of $63,205,455 in 1909 as compared with $29,873,122 in 1904, the rate of increase for the five-year period beiog 111.6 per cent. In 1899 the statistics for the hme and cement industries were combined, the products aggregating $28,673,735 in value. The value of the combined lime and cement product in 1909 was $81,157,442, the increase for the decade being 183 per cent. During the period 1904-1909 the output of cement increased 110.5 per cent in quantity, all of the in- crease being in Portland cement, while the output of natural cement and of puzzolan cement decreased greatly. Portland cement formed 97.5 per cent of the total in 1909, as compared with 83.7 per cent in 1904. Table g 5 PEODUCT. 1909 1904 $63,206,466 66,689,716 353,610,563 64,991,431 352,858,354 1,537,638 $652,756 160,646 $99,463 $9,594,892 $29,873,123 31,675,257 $26,051,920 26,605,881 $23,355,119 4,866,331 $2, 450, 150 303,046 $226,651 $3,841,302 Cement: Value Portland- Barrels Value Natural- Value Puzzolan— Barrels Value 504 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— MANUFACTURES. Glass, — The following table presents comparative statistics for the glass industry, giving the total cost of materials and the total value of products, together with the quantities of the principal materials and products, for the years 1909, 1904, and 1899. There was an increase of 62.9 per cent in the value of all products for 1 909 as compared with 1899. The increase in the value of building glass amounted to 53.9 per cent; that in the value of pressed and blown glass to 60.4 per cent; and that in the value of bottles and jars to 66.2 per cent. The ton of 2,000 pounds is used in showing quantities. Table 86 PEINCIPAL MATERIALS. Total cost Glass sand, tons Soda ash (carbonate of soda), tons. Salt cake (sulphate of soda), tons. . Nitrate of soda, tons Limestone, tons Lime, bushels Arsenic, pounds Carbon, tons Manganese, pounds Litharge and red lead, pounds Potash or pearlash, pounds Grinding sand, tons Rouge, pounds PEODtJCTS. Total value. Building glass Window — 50-foot boxes Value Plate- Total cast, square feet.. Polished — -' Square feet Value Rough, made for sale — Square feet Value Cathedral — Square feet Value 1909 $32,119,499 004,086 373,764 76, 640 19,676 166,377 256,117 140,720 5,480 882,465 653,149 938,356 706,689 383,182 1 $92,095,203 S26,308,438 6,921,611 $11,742,969 60,105,684 47,370,254 $12,204,875 206,690 $37, 431 7,405,980 $669,848 1904 $26,146,522 769,792 216,462 53,905 11,915 115,655 1, 166, 342 2,676,650 3,750 3,096,939 9,613,649 5,446,338 410,856 1,098,666 ! $79,607,998 $21,697,861 4,862,315 $11,610,861 34,804,986 27,293,138 $7,978,263 17,784 $3,529 6,616,093 $293,623 1899 $16,731,009 581,720 157,779 63,267 10,770 91,015 993,349 2,349,261 4,165 1,493,538 8,386,106 4,406,211 265,438 837,536 $56,639,712 $17,096,234 4,341,282 $10,879,356 21, 172, 129 16,883,678 $6,158,698 628,684 $75,887 8,846,361 $567,262 PRODUCTS— continued . Building glass— Continued. Skylight— Square feet Value All other Pressed and blown glass Tableware, 100 pieces Jellies, tumblers, and goblets, dozen. Lamps, dozen Chimneys, dozen Lantern globes, dozen Globes and other electrical goods, dozen Shades, globes, and other gas goods, dozen Blown tumblers, stem ware, and bar goods, dozen Opal ware, dozen Cut ware, dozen Bottles and jars Prescriptions, vials, and druggists' wares, gross Beer, soda, and mineral, gross Liquors and flasks, gross Milk jars, gross Fruit jars^ gross Battery jars and other electrical goods, gross Patent and proprietary, gross Packers and preservers, gross Demijohns and carboys, dozen All other products . 1909 16,409,966 $788,726 $964, 699 $27,398,445 1,286,066 11,687,036 322,482 6,652,967 962,620 11,738,798 1,541,449 9,182,060 3,096,666 206,336 $36,018,333 3,624,022 2,345,204 1,887,344 440,302 1,124,486 9,981 1,637,798 1,237,176 122, 570 $2,369,987 1904 15,265,641 $678,391 $1,133,214 $21,956,168 1,283,974 7,346,214 487,017 7,039,766 1,766,247 1,801,415 878,244 6,282,606 1,091,208 83,736 $33,631,063 3,202,586 2,351,852 2,157,801 253, 661 1,061,829 19,974 1,657,372 1,237,066 64,460 $2,322,916 1899 3,679,694 $166,086 $250,056 $17,076,125 655. 141 8,544,060 807,765 6,901,192 1,044,816 2,673,854 6,127,367 3,750,443 134,726 $21,676,791 2,423,932 1,361,118 986,374 146. 142 1,296,131 784,588 83,243 $690,562 > In addition, 42,639 gross of bottles and jars, valued at $90,490, were made by covered by the industry designation. ' In addition, glassware to the value of $9,663 was made by establishments industry designation. • Not reported. lime.^ — The total value of the lime reported as manu- factured in 1909 was $13,763,604 as compared with $9,951,456 in 1904, an increase for the five-year period of 38.3 per cent. The quantity reported in 1909 was 3,467,523 tons (2,000 pounds), of which 1,904,202 tons was used for building or structural purposes; 591,792 tons for fertilizing; and the remainder in various manufacturing establishments, such as paper mUls, tanneries, sugar factories, and alkali works. The value of all products reported by establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of lime was $17,951,987 in 1909 and $14,751,170 m 1904. VEHICLES FOB LAND TBANSPORTATION. Under the above heading are given statistics for the manufacture of automobiles, bicycles, motorcycles, and carriages and wagons, and the construction of steam and electric railroad cars, and also for the operations of the construction and repair shops of railroads. Automobiles. — The statistics for automobiles are presented in Table 87. Under "all other products " are included the products of establishments engaged ' The statistics differ from those published by the United States Geological Survey, which include Hawaii and Porto Rico. establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of products other than those engaged primarily in the manufacture of products other than those covered by the in the manufacture of automobile bodies and parts, which are sold largely to automobile manufacturers, as well as the value of bodies and parts made and sold separately by automobile manufacturers. The total value of products for the industry thus in- volves considerable duplication. The growth of the automobile industry has been phenomenal. In 1899 the general statistics for the industry were included with those for carriage and wagon manufacture, and only 3,897 automobiles were reported. In 1904 the total number, including automobiles made by con- cerns classified under other industries, was 22,830, while in 1909 the number was 127,287, or nearly thirty-three times the number reported in 1899. The value of all products of the industry proper Avas $249,202,076 in 1909 and $30,033,536 in 1904. Gasoline machines formed 95.1 per cent of the total number made in 1909 and 86.2 per cent in 1904. Of the total number manufactured in 1909, 3,226, or 2.5 per cent, were rated at 50 horsepower or more; 51,218, or 40.5 per cent, at from 30 to 49 horsepower; 35,257, or 27.8 per cent, at from 20 to 29 horsepower; 29,353, or 23.2 per cent, at from 10 to 19 horsepower; and 7,539, or 6 per cent, at less than 10 horsepower. Passenger ve- hicles constituted 97.4 per cent of the total number and business vehicles 2.6 per cent. STATES, CITIES, AND INDUSTRIES. 505 Table 87 Total value. Automobiles. Gasoline. Electric.. Steam Passenger vehicles {x>\eas\jie,iB.ia- ily, and public conveyances).. Gasoline Electric Steam i Buggies Gasoline Electric Bunabouts Gasoline Electric Steam Touring cars Gasoline Electric Steam Closed (limousine, cabs, etc.). . Gasoline Electric All other (omnibuses, sight- seeing wagons, ambulances, patrol wagons, etc.) Gasoline Electric Steam Business vehicles (merchandise) Gasoline Electric Stestm Delivery wagons Gasoline Electric Steam Trucks Gasoline Electric All other Gasoline Electric All other products, including bod- ies and parts Amoimt received for custom work and repairing 1909 Number. Value. 126,593 120, 393 3,826 2,374 123, 338 117, 633 3,331 2,374 4,682 4,314 268 36,20* 35, 347 496 361 76,114 73,883 243 1,988 5,205 3,290 1,915 1,233 799 409 25 3,255 2,760 495 1,862 1,645 217 1,366 1,090 276 27 25 2 i$249,202,0TS 164,269,324 163,629,653 7,269,430 3,480,241 159,039,301 149,530,232 6,028,828 3, 480, 241 2,391,250 2, 039, 129 352, 121 28,030,479 27,116,901 648, 630 264, 948 113,403,188 109,844,295 387, 526 3,171,367 12, 729, 304 8, 762, 768 3,966,636 2,485,080 1,767,139 674,015 43,926 5,230,023 3, 999, 421 1,230,602 1,918,856 1,474,063 444, 793 3,165,612 2, 384, 703 780,809 145, 655 140, 655 5,000 '78,584,753 6,317,998 1904 Number. Value. 21,692 18,699 1,425 1,668 1,930 1,061 717 152 411 195 214 2 251 140 109 2 160 56 105 (') (') ' $30,033,536 23,751,234 19,566,941 2, 496, 255 1,688,038 22,804,287 19,300,654 1,819,595 1,684,038 8,831,504 7,976,821 453,304 401,379 11,781,521 10,576,023 55,038 1, 150, 460 2,191,262 747,810 1,311,263 132, 199 946,947 266,287 676,660 4,000 456, 467 215,897 236,560 4,000 491,490 50, 390 441, 100 5,431,249 851,053 1 In addition, 694 automobiles, valued at 8830,080, and bodies and parts valued at $4,415,266, were made by establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of products other than those covered by the industry designation, 2 In addition, 1,138 automobiles, valued at 8879,205, were made by establish- ments engaged primarily in the manufacture of products other than those covered by the industry designation. 8 Not reported separately. * None reported. * Includes custom work and repairing by establishments manufacturing bodies and parts. Bicycles and motorcycles, and parts. — The following table presents the comparative statistics of products for the bicycle and motorcycle industry. It does not include children's bicycles and tricycles. A marked feature is the decline in the manufacture of bicycles and tricycles and the increase in the manufacture of motorcycles. Table gg PRODUCT. 1909 1904 1899 1 $10,698,567 168,824 82,436,996 1 $5,153,240 226,309 83,203,505 32 83,350 2,300 8364,980 .51,591,405 1 $31,915,908 Bicycles: ±,112,880 822,127,310 Tricycles: 328 Yg^jug 817,261 Motorcycles: 18,628 83,015,988 85,245,583 160 Yaiue $33,674 All other products, including parts $9,737,663 iln addition, the following products were made by establishments engaged Mimarily in the Manufacture of products other than those covered by the mdustry Sisimation^ Si 1909 64,883 bicycles, valued at $791,193, and other products, raclud- toT^te etc valued S^$579,927; in 1904, 25,178 bicycles, valued at 8537,418; 28 Kr^yllel vldutS"2«); a^d ither products including parts, valued at $3041 ; md in 1899, 69,811 bicycles, valued at $1,529,177, and other products valued at $24,000. ! None reported. The total value of products of the industry decreased from $31,915,908 in 1899 to $5,153,240 in 1904, but by 1909 it had risen again to $10,698,567, or more than double the figures for 1904. Carriages and wagons and materials. — The following table presents statistics for the manufacture of car- riages and wagons, including under "All other prod- ucts" the products of establishments engaged in the manufacture of carriage and wagon materials, but not including children's carriages and sleds. The total value of products increased from $138,261,763 in 1899 to $159,892,547 in 1909, or 15.6 per cent. The value of wagons increased $8,852,172, or 28.5 per cent, though the number manufactured was very little larger in 1909 than in 1899. The carriages reported were both fewer in number and lower in value in 1909 than in 1899. Public conveyances also show a decrease in value, but a shght increase in number. In each of these three classes the decreases that appear for the decade as a whole have taken place entirely since 1904, in which year the numbers and values reported exceeded those for 1899. The decreases are presumably due to the growth of the automobile industry. Table 89 PEODUCT. 1909 1904 1899 1 $159,892,547 828,411 $47,756,118 587,685 839,932,910 154,631 $16,440,816 429,952 $22,615,875 3,102 $876,219 2,243 $939,287 100,899 $2,065,850 544 $569,119 868,629,283 2 $155,868,849 937,409 $55,760,276 643,755 $37,195,230 133,422 m 506,025 (') 5,308 2,711 $1,314,952 127,455 $2,694,560 199 $235,675 $58,678,156 $138,261,763 904,639 $51,295 393 Carriages (family and pleasure): Nninhpr. , Value Wagons: 670,428 $31,080,738 (•) (•) CI Business- Value Fann— Number.... Value « Govermnent, municipal, etc. — '^ Value Public conveyances (cabs, hacks, hansoms, hotel coaches, omnibuses, etcj: 2,218 81,114,090 117,006 $2,290,903 174 $129,063 $52,351,586 Value Sleighs and sleds: Automobiles:' NnrnhPT Value All other products, including parts, andamountreceived forrepairwork. 1 In addition, 14,908 carriages, valued at 81,078,935; 42,112 wagons, valued at $2,093,288; 104 public conveyances, valued at $5,615; 8,209 sleighs and sleds, valued at $165,917; and parts and materials, valued at 81, 184,266, were made by establish- ments engaged primarily in the manufacture of products other than those covered by the industry designation. 2 In addition, carriages and wagons, valued at $612,173, were made by establish- ments engaged primarily in the manufacture of products other than those covered by the industry designation. 3 Not reported separately. ' Automobiles manufactured in establishments devoted primarily to the manu- facture of carriages and wagons. Cars and general shop construction and repairs by Steam-railroad companies. — Table 90 presents sta- tistics of the work done by construction and repair shops operated by steam-railroad companies, not in- cluding roundhouses where running repairs are made. The total value of such work was $405,600,727 in 1909 and $218,238,277 in 1899, the rate of increase 606 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— MANUFACTURES. for the decade being 85.9 per cent. Most of the value represents that of repaiis, comparatively little repre- senting new construction. Xable 9Q CLASS or WORK. Total value Motive power and machinery depart- ment , Locomotives built: Number Value Repairs to locomotives, motors, etc Work for other corporations AH other products or work Car department Cars built Passenger — Number Value Freight- Number Value other- Number Value Repairs to cars ot all Idnds Work for other corporations All other products or work Bridge and building departments (shopwork) Repairs and renewals Work for other corporations All other products or work All other products and work, not clas- sified 1909 $406,600,727 8184,971,870 215 S3, 289, 140 $127,928,773 $4,736,004 $49,018,963 $199,768,939 $13,326,171 218 $1,291,354 13,972 $11,767,664 369 $267, 163 $147,194,065 $8,784,239 $30,464,464 $2,799,898 $1,906,737 $46,496 $846,666 $18, 060, 020 1901 $309,775,089 $149,643,963 148 $1,853,939 $101,326,805 $5,681,307 $40,781,902 $149,748,820 $12, 990, Oil 414 $2,337,977 14,742 $10,006,642 2,000 $645,392 $105,319,032 $6,946,990 $24,492,787 $5,096,141 $4,351,487 $40,581 $704,073 $5,286,176 1899' $218,238,277 $94,447,260 272 $3,276,393 $57,383,143 $3,338,589 $30, 449, 136 $118,376,652 $16,521,362 390 $1,441,733 26,543 $15,079,619 $74,665,500 $7,084,867 $20, 104, 843 $5, 414, 466 $3, 937, 170 $241,626 $1,235,669 m 1 Includes Alaska. ' None reirorted. Cars and general shop construction and repairs by street-railroad companies. — ^The following table pre- sents statistics of the operations of the construction and repair shops of street-railroad companies, includ- ing all electric systems and interurban electric lines — all railroads, in fact, except steam roads. The work done, which consists almost wholly of repairs, was not reported in detail in 1899, but its aggregate value in that year was $9, 370,811, as compared with $13, 437,121 in 1904 and 131,962,561 in 1909, an increase for the decade of 241.1 per cent. Table 91 CLASS OF WOEK. Total value . Motive power and machinery department . Repairs to motors, etc Work for other corporations All other products or work Car department Cars built Passenger — Number Value Freight- Number Value other- Number Value Repairs to cars of all kinds. . Work for other corporations. All other products or work. . Bridge and building department (shopwork). Repairs and renewals Work for other corporations All other products or work AU other products and work not classified. $31,962,561 $4,510,332 $4, 004, 338 $88, 070 1 $417, 926 $25,836,463 $626,752 129 S498, 709 S69, 102 51 $68, 941 $22,869,777 8624, 805 $1, 714, 129 8330, 948 8273, 581 $6,093 $62,274 SI, 286, 818 1904 $13,437,121 8510, 946 82, 626 $508,320 812,581,365 $605, 144 288 $680, 669 811,366 9 il3, 109 $11,254,505 $36,714 8685, 002 8327, 856 8263, 133 $74,722 $16, 955 1 Includes value of three electric locomotives. Cars, steam-railroad. — The statistics of establish- ments constructing steam-railroad cars given in the following table do not include the work of steam- railroad companies in their repair shops or that of concerns primarily engaged in the construction of street cars. The total value of products of this in- dustry was $123,729,627 in 1909, as compared with $90,510,180 in 1899, an increase for the decade of 36.7 per cent. The freight cars made in 1909 were fewer in number and lower in aggregate value than those made in either 1904 or 1899, and the cars for passen- ger service made in 1909 were fewer in number and lower in aggregate value than those made in 1904. In fact, while there are a number of classes of prod- ucts, such as passenger cars (day coaches) and ore cars, which show an increase in number and value for the five-year period 1904-1909, the increase in value for the total is more than covered by the in- crease in the value of " all other products." Table 9a Total value steam-railroad cars: Passeiiger service — Total number Value Baggage and express- Number Value MaU- Number Value Number Value Chair, dining and buflet, parlor, sleeping, and all other- Number Value Freiglit service— Total number Value Box- Number Value Coal and coke — Number Value Flat- Number Value Fruit- Number Value Furniture — Number Value Gondola or ore- Number Value Refrigerator- Number Value Stock- Number Value Caboose — Number Value other- Number Value Street-raihoad cars: Number Value Passenger- Number Value Other- Number Value All other products 1 $123,729,627 1,601 $13,829,607 216 $1,105,779 95 $600,912 957 $7,209,425 333 $4,913,491 73, 177 $61,691,826 29,728 $23,982,446 11,473 $9,419,656 3,232 $2,033,801 900 $784,476 90 $70,516 19, 607 $18, 128, 186 2,618 $2,747,957 2,349 $1,586,008 637 $525, 605 2,643 $2, 413, 176 603 $2,023,922 558 $1,903,317 45 $120, 605 $46, 184, 273 : $111,176,310 2,030 $18,140,293 199 $896, 185 95 $676,230 428 $2,965,617 1,308 $13,712,361 100,616 $69,148,955 38,184 823,508,632 27,998 $21,367,218 5,412 $2,893,154 2,840 81,727,771 801 $505,000 9,518 $5,618,084 3,353 $3,042,836 4,235 $2,453,123 160 $150,977 8,115 $2,982,161 418 $994,654 331 $930,791 87 $63,863 822,891,408 1899 890,610,180 979 $7,368,299 72 $238,664 42 $197,465 331 $1,975,469 534 84,956,811 116,590 $62,161,013 47,838 826,562,893 28,867 $18,414,718 4,526 $1,923,525 1,620 $666,354 1,717 $1,148,266 11,821 $6,873,146 2,354 $1,956,097 2,760 $1,426,800 193 $184,866 14,906 $3,006,361 936 $1,090,854 902 $1,062,172 33 $28,682 $19,890,014 ' In addition, 8,977 cars, valued at $5,924,871, and parts and repairs to the value of $210,487, were reported by establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of products other than those covered by the industry designation. ' In addition, 2,541 cars, valued at $1,012,820, and parts and repairs to the value of 8101,073, were reported by establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of products other than those covered by the industry designation. STATES, CITIES, AND INDUSTRIES. 507 Cars, street-railroad. — The following table present- ing comparative statistics of products for establish- ments constructing street or electric raih-oad cars does not include cars made in the shops of raUroad com- panies or by concerns primarily engaged in making steam-railroad cars. In 1899 the value of all products was $7,306,368 and in 1909 only $7,809,866, a slight increase thus being shown for the decade. The value of products in 1904, however, exceeded' that in 1909. The decrease in the construction of open cars since 1904 is especially marked. Table 93 _ PKODUCT.' 1909 1904 Total value 2 $7,809,866 1,922 14,602,435 1,323 $3,500,781 369 8704,309 96 $141,008 92 $179,293 43 $77,044 167 $111,813 $3,095,618 ' ?10,844,196 3,966 $8,302,512 2,621 $6,777,257 Electric-railroad cars: Number Value Closed- Number Combination- Value $1,240,864 Open- $860,349 16 Freight, express, and mail- Value $24,022 <273 Other varieties- Value $400,020 136 Steam-railroad cars: Freight service, all classes — Number . . . $59,663 $2,482,021 All other products 1 Products "were not shown in detail for 1899; the total value was $7, 305, 368. ' In addition, 607 cars, valued at $2,033,922, were made by establishments engaged Srimarily in the manufacture of products other than those covered by the Industry esignatlon. " In addition, 418 cars, valued at $994,654, were made by establishments engaged Srimarily in the manufacture of products other than those covered by the industry esignatlon. < Includes 38 horse cars, valued at $29,182. Summary for railroad cars. — The following table assembles the statistics of all railroad cars con- structed, including those made in establishments not engaged primarily in the construction of railroad cars: Table 94 PKODUCT. Total value . Steam-railroad cars . . . Passenger service- Number Value Freight service ^ — Number Value Street-raihoad cars: " Number Value 1909 $103,137,396 $94,874,287 1,819 $15,120,961 96,648 $79,753,326 2,772 $7,263,109 1904 $110,249,222 $100,346,912 2,446 $20,486,260 117,494 $79,860,652 4,694 $9,902,310 1899 $86,050,664 1,369 $8,810,032 143, 133 $77,240,632 e) (•) 1 Including all service not passenger. 2 cMefly electric. 3 Not renorted separately; the total value of products of establishments en- gaged priiSy In thf cSuction of street-ralfroad cars amounted to $7,305,368. MISCELLANEOUS INDUSTRIES. Statistics for all industries that can not properly be classified with any of the groups before presented, on account of the character either of the products or of the raw materials used, are given under the above head. Agricultural implements.— Table 95 presents com- parative statistics of the production of agricultural implements. The value of aU products increased from $101 207,428 in 1899 to $146,329,268 in 1909, or 44.6 per cent. This includes the value of miscellaneous agricultural implements and parts not classifiable under either of the four groups shown separately and of a large number of products not distinctivply agricultural, but made by manufacturers of agricultural imple- ments, such as windmills, carriages and wagons, en- gines, presses, castings, lawn swings, etc. In 1909 the aggregate value of the four groups of agricultural im- plements — seeders and planters, implements of culti- vation, harvesting implements, and separators — was $94,524,494, compared with $79,335,400 in 1904, an increase of 19.1 per cent. Table 95 Total value Implements of cultivation Seeders and planters Harvesting implements Seed separators All other products Amount received for repair work Principal Uni of impUmenta, by nuTriber. Implements of cultivation: Cultivators — Beet SmaU Wheeled Cotton scrapers Harrows — * Disk Spring-tooth Spike-tooth Plows — Disk Gang Shovel Steam Sulky or wheel Walking Seeders and planters: Seeders — Broadcast Combination Cornplanters— Hand Horse Listers Cotton planters Potato planters Drills- Corn ■ Disk Grain All other Seed sowers Harvesting implements: Grain cradles Harvesters — Bean Com Grain Harvesters and thrashers com- bined Other Hay carriers Hayforks, horse Hay loaders Hayrakes, horse Haystackers Hay tedders Mowers Potato diggers, horse Reapers Seed separators: Clover hullers Com buskers Com huskers and shredders Com shellers— Hand Power Fanning mills Thrashers- Horsepower Steam power 1909 1 $146,329,268 $35,246,030 $13, 679, 921 $34, 668, 131 $11, 030, 412 $48,690,082 $3, 114, 692 3,172 469,696 435,429 20,180 193,000 112,832 394, 988 22,132 91,686 264,737 2,365 134, 936 1,110,006 38,007 23,963 96,465 122,780 44,840 79,271 23,092 20, 137 21,292 68,611 32,507 7,847 22,636 1,409 19, 693 129, 274 643 1,707 45,064 43, 676 34,705 266,260 17,212 34,396 359, 264 26,632 68,294 437 372 1,240 74,223 9,049 33,805 822 23, 686 1904 $112,007,341 $30, 607, 960 $11,226,122 $30, 862, 436 $6,639,883 $30,703,648 $1,968,296 3,459 239, 173 313, 088 22,519 104,323 86,408 262,442 39, 146 121, 899 1,599 138,899 956, 898 86,553 90.929 23,012 127,052 36,756 28,228 76,929 606 59,910 30,066 665 6,924 108,810 3,161 86,121 62,801 27, 174 236,297 8,670 35,745 273,385 11,703 60,996 361 1,327 47. 189 6,082 22,994 2,237 7,960 1899 $101,207,428 $98,010,508 $3,196,922 2,063 207, 171 295,799 15,230 97,261 380,259 17,345 m 102,320 207 136,105 819, 022 36,862 129,515 78,335 26,995 45,575 25,338 21,940 91,635 5,302 83,283 36,163 1,425 20,707 233,542 m 6,283 54, 303 51,770 7,273 216,345 12,069 14,510 398,616 m 35,945 661 10,726 106,381 8,185 30,369 1,314 3,651 ' In addition, agricultural implements, to the value of 82,989,276. in 1909, and to the value of $1,349,679, in 1904, were made by establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of products other than those covered by the Indu^ry designation. 2 Not reported separately. Electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies. — Table 96 summarizes the statistics of the output of electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies, and 508 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— MANUFACTURES. includes figures for such products made by establish- ments engaged primarily in the manufacture of other products, as well as for aU products of establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies. The value of all products was $243,965,093 ia 1909, as compared with $105,831,865 in 1899, an increase for the decade of 130.5 per cent. Among the leading groups the highest rate of increase is for incandescent lamps, the value of which was $3,515,118 in 1899 and $15,714,809 in 1909. Total value Dynamos: Nvimber Kilowatt capacity Value Dynamotors, motor generators, boost- ers, rotary conyerters, and double current generators Transformers Switchboards, panel boards, and cut- out cabinets Motors: Total number Horsepower Value For power- Number Horsepower Value For automobiles — Nimiber Horsepower Value For fans- Number Horsepower Value For elevators- Number Horsejwwer Value For railway^, and miscellaneous services, including value of parts and supplies- Number Horsepower Value .' Storage batteries, including value of parts and supplies: Weight of plates in pounds Value Primary batteries, including value of parts and supplies: Number Value Arc lamps: Number Value Searchlights, projectors, and focusing lamps Incandescent lamps Carbon filament Ttmgsten Gem, tantalum, glower, and vacuimi and vapor lamps Decorative and mmiature lamps. X-ray bulbs, vacuum tubes, etc Sockets, receptacles, bases, etc Electric-lighting fixtures of all kinds . Telegraph apparatus Telephone apparatus Insulated wnes and cables Electric conduits Annunciators — domestic, hotel, and office Electric clocks and time mechanisms. Fuses Lightning arresters Bheostats and resistances Heating, cooking, and welding appa- ratus Electric flatirons Electric measming instruments Electrical therapeutic apparatus Magneto-ignition apparatus, sparks, coils, etc Electric switches, signals, and attach- ments Circuit fittings of all kinds All other products. . 1909 1 $213,965,093 16,791 1,405,950 113,081,048 53,154,733 $8,801,019 $5,971,804 504,030 2,733,418 132,087,482 243,423 1,683,677 118,306,461 2,796 12,471 1294, 152 199, 113 178,033 $2,450,739 4,988 63,685 $1,188,663 53,710 795,652 $9,847,487 23,119,331 $4,678,209 34,333,531 $5,934,261 123,986 $1,706,959 $935,874 $16,714,809 $6,157,066 $6,241,133 $2,715,991 $600, 619 $4,621,729 $6,128,282 $1, 957, 432 $14,269,357 $51,624,737 $5,098,264 1235,567 $352,513 $1,001,719 $940, 171 $2,674,963 $1,003,038 $961,074 $7,800,010 $1,107,858 $6,092,343 $6,377,843 $1,080,287 $39,691,708 1904 1 $159,551,402 15,080 996, 182 $11,084,234 $1,740,534 $4,468,567 $3,766,044 206,343 1,493,012 $22,370,626 79,877 678,910 $13,120,948 1,819 19r907 $152,685 102,535 30,796 $1,168,254 1,333 13,398 $638,473 20,779 760,001 $7,290,266 16,113,073 $2,646,749 6,623,162 $1,598,144 195, 157 $1,674,422 $114,795 $6,953,205 $6,703,454 $249,751 $2,010,860 $3,294,606 $1, 111, 194 $16,863,698 $34,619,699 $2,416,245 $185,870 $373, 926 $868,079 $687, 124 $932, 925 $396,827 $5,004,763 $1,036,962 $678,077 $1,451,337 $3,626,446 $28,978,444 1899 '$109,831,geS 10,527 678, 124 $10,472,576 $379, 747 $2,962,871 $1,846,624 169,780 1,221,482 $19,605,504 35,604 516,705 $7,561,480 3,017 8,220 $192,030 97,677 12,766 $1,055,369 386 6,730 $2,523,901 23,197 678,061 $8,182,724 (') $2,659,601 2,664,765 $1,119,444 158, 187 $1,827,771 $225,636 $3,515,118 $3,442,183 $72,935 $593, 929 $3,750,670 $1,642,266 $10,512,412 $21,292,001 $1,066,163 $224,885 $132, 149 $595,497 $1,186,878 $1,842,135 m $1,129,891 $17,448,098 1 Includes values of electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies made by estab- lishments engaged primarily in the manufactureof products other than those covered by the industry cfesignatlon, as follows: 1909, $22,656,630; 1904, $18,742,033; and 1899, $13,397,430. ' Not reported separately. Ice, mannf actnred. — Table 97 inpludes the product of all establishments engaged primarily in manufacturing ice for sale, but does not include establishments making ice for their own use. Ice made for sale by establishments engaged chiefly in some other business, such as breweries, is reported in a footnote. The value of all products of the industry proper increased from $13,874,513 in 1899 to $42,953,055 in 1909, or 209.6 per cent. The quantity of ice produced increased at about the same rate, and amounted to 12,647,949 tons in 1909. Table 97 1909 1904 1899 MATERIALS. ATTrmnnia, nspH $1,021,913 3,097,191 $826,222 369,093 $100,283 1,670,698 $95,408 : $42,963,056 12,647,949 $39,889,263 11,671,647 $37,086,633 976,402 $2,803,730 $3,063,792 $613,138 11,944,266 1 $493, 524 136,604 $37,506 1,347,561 $82,108 ! $28,790,046 7,199,448 $22,450,503 6,696,789 $21,020,647 503,669 $1,429,956 $1,339,642 $359,549 Compressor system— Anhydrous- Pounds 946,666 Cost . $249, 838 Absorption system— Annydrous — ■Pnnnri.t; 109,869 Cost $29,842 Aqua — Pminrls 1, 323, 464 Cost $79,869 PRODUCTS. 3$13,874,513 Ice: Tons (2 000 pounds) . 4,294,439 $13,303,874 Can— Tons (2,000 pounds) 4, 139, 764 $12,863,160 Plate- Tons (2,000 pounds) 154, 675 $440,714 All other products $570, 639 1 Includes 148,373 pounds of aqua ammonia, coating $8,755. 2 In addition, in 1909, 1,682,259 tons of ice, valued at $4,249,790, and in 1904, 814,689 tons, valued at $1,899,912, were produced by establishments engaged pri- marily in the manufacture of products other than ice. 3 Includes, for purposes of comparison, products valued at $93,535, not included in the general tables for this industry at census of 1900. lumber and timber products. — Beginning with 1906 an annual canvass of forest products has been made by the Bureau of the Census in cooperation with the Forest Service of the Department of Agriculture. The statistics for the year 1909 given in the following table are compiled from this annual report; those for 1904 and 1899 are from the regular census reports. The totals for 1909 include statistics for some smal neighborhood mill s sawing chiefly or exclusively for local consumption, also a relatively small number of establishments using logs or bolts as material and engaged primarily in the manufacture of products other than those covered by the classified lumber and timber products industry, which classes are not repre- sented in the totals for the other two years. Detailed statistics for the lumber and other forest-products industries will be found in the several annual reports published by the Bureau of the Census. The figures given in Table 98 can not be compared with those given in Table 110 because in the latter table the statistics cover not only the products of the sawmills, shingle and lath miUs, but also the products of planing mills operated independently of sawmills, logging camps, veneer mills, and box factories. STATES, CITIES, AND INDUSTRIES. 509 Table 98 Total value Lumber: Total quantity (M feet, board measure) Total value Softwoods— Quantity Value Yellow pine- Quantity Value Western pine — Quantity Value Wiiite pine — Quantity Value Douglas fir — Quantity Value Hemlocli — Quantity Value . Spruce- Quantity Value Cypress — Quantity Value Eedwood — Quantity Value Cedar — Q,uantity Value All other — Quantity Value Bardwoods — Q uantit y Value Oak:— Quantity Value Maple- Quantity Value Bed gum- Quantity Value Chestnut — Quantity Value Birch- Quantity Value Basswood — Quantity Value Elm- Quantity Value 'Cottonwood — Quantity Value Ash- Quantity Value Hiclsory — Quantity Value TValnut— Quantity Value Sycamore — Quantity Value All other- Quantity Value Lath: Quantity (thousands) Value Shingles: Quantity (thousands) Value 1909 $724,708,760 44,509,761 $684,479,869 33,896,959 $477,345,046 16,277,185 $206,505,297 1,499,985 $23,077,854 3,900,034 $70,830,131 4,856,378 $60,435,793 3,051,399 $42,580,800 1,748,547 $29,561,315 955, 635 $19,549,741 521, 630 $7,720,124 346,008 $6,901,948 740, 158 $10, 182, 043 10, 612, 802 $207,134,813 4,414,457 $90,512,069 1,106,604 $17,447,814 706,945 $9,334,268 683, 891 $10,703,130 452,370 $7, 666, 186 399, 151 $7,781,663 347, 456 $6,088,098 265, 600 $4,794,424 291,209 $7, 116, 089 333,929 $10,283,776 46, 108 $1, 972, 835 56,511 $834, 612 1,528,571 $32,599,949 3,703,195 $9,963,439 14,907,371 $30,262,462 1904 $469,163,662 34, 135, 139 $435,708,084 27,353,312 $319, 836, 746 11,621,781 $114, 780; 600 1,290,526 $14,586,149 5, 332, 704 $79,594,717 2,928,409 $27,862,228 3,268,787 $38, 938, 164 1,303,886 $18,289,327 749,592 $13,115,339 519,267 $6,661,499 223,036 $3,201,331 215,325 $2,806,402 6, 781, 827 $115,872,338 2, 902, 855 $60,832,303 687, 658 $8, 780, 727 523, 990 $5, 693, 655 243, 637 $3,356,054 224,009 $3,459,501 228, 041 $3, 845, 885 258,330 $3,732,609 321,574 $4,797,779 169, 178 $3, 174, 861 106,824 $2, 557, 601 31,455 $1,435,509 18,002 $236,856 1, 166, 474 $23, 969, 098 2, 647, 847 $5, 435, 968 14,547,477 $24,009,610 1399 $414,068,487 '35, '$390, 26, $268, 1, $16, 3, $34, 1, $16, $6, $3, $2, $1, 8, $116, 4, $61, 57, $2, $2, $1, 084. 166 489,873 153, 063 481, 112 1,668,548 .,740,300 944,560 1,163,256 ,742,391 1,002, 666 736,507 050, 638 420, 673 136,892 448,091 322, 666 495, 836 604, 495 360. 167 646, 608 232, 978 542,818 113,312 271,884 634,021 817, 192 438,027 174, 129 633,466 495,062 285, 417 747, 680 206,688 764,089 132, 601 657, 621 $3,954,625 456,731 $6,240,630 415, 124 $4,303,544 269, 120 $4,263,599 $1,814,500 38,681 $1,411,611 29,716 $327,933 1,323,746 $19,662,279 2,523,998 $4, 698, 909 12,102,017 $18,809,705 1 Includes 297,082 M feet of lumber, board measure, valued at $5,191,569, reported «s "other sawed products," and not by kinds of wood. Piaaos and organs and materials. — Table 99 includes the statistics for pianos and organs, and materials therefor, but does not include the products of estab- lishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of other musical instruments. The value of all products increased from $41,024,244 in 1899 to $89,789,544 in 1909, or 118.9 per cent, the increase being almost wholly in the value of pianos and player attachments for pianos. A marked feature is the gain in the num- ber of pianos with player attachments manufactured, the output of which increased during the period 1904 to 1909 from 1,868 to 34,495, or seventeen fold. A large decrease occurred between 1904 and 1909 in the number of reed organs made. Table 99 PRODUCT. 1909 1904 1899 1 $89,789,644 374,154 $59,501,225 365,413 $65,462,556 330,918 $46,187,556 34,496 $9,275,001 2 8,741 $4,038,669 10,898 $1,474,630 65,335 $6,309,016 1,224 $2,713,587 64,111 $2,596,429 $20,417,762 83,086,911 1 $66,092,630 261,197 $41,476,479 253,825 $37,815,056 251,957 $37,397,674 1,868 $417,382 7,372 $3,661,423 20,391 $2,004,266 113,966 $6,152,032 901 $1,989,979 113,065 $4,162,063 $12,626,892 $3,832,961 1 $41,024,244 Pianos: Number 171, Oil Value $27,002,862 166,760 $25,301,432 166,536 Upright- Number Value Without player attachment- Value $25,256,687 224 For or with player attach- ment — Value $44,746 4,251 $1,701,420 Grand- Number Value Player attachments made separate from pianos: 6,158 Value $607,873 107,268 $5,217,261 564 Organs: Number - Value Pipe- Number . Value $1,177,021 106 694 Reed- Number $4,040,240 1 $8,196,258 Parts and materials 1 In addition, in 1909,parts and materials to the value of $680,188; in 1904, 1,696 organs, valued at $149,114; and in 1899, 250 pianos, valued at $37,610; and 1,144 organs, valued at $59,508, were made by establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of products other than those covered by the industry designation. 2 Includes a ief pianos with player attachments. Paper and wood pulp. — Table 100 includes statistics for all establishments engaged in the manufacture of wood pulp and in the manufacture of paper, either separately or in conjunction. The total production of wood pulp in 1909 was 2,495,523 tons; in 1904, 1,921,768 tons; and in 1899, 1,179,535 tons. The percentage of increase for the decade was 111.6. Sulphite fiber shows the highest rate of increase, 144.6 per cent. An increasing proportion of the wood pulp is made by establishments which themselves consume it in making paper; in 1909, 63.5 per cent was so consumed by the establishments making it. The value of all products, which includes some duplication, increased from $127,326,162 in 1899 to $267,656,964 in 1909, or 110.2 per cent. The output of paper products increased from 2,167,593 tons in 1899 to 4,216,708 tons in 1909, or 94.5 per cent, and their value from $107,909,046 to $232,741,049, or 115.7 per cent. Paper stock used for which quantities are re- ported aggregated 4,588,160 tons in 1909, of which wood pulp formed 61.6 per cent; old and waste paper, 21.4 per cent; rags, 7.8 per cent; straw, 6.6 per cent; and manila stock, 2.6 per cent. The ton of 8,000 pounds is used for showing quantities. 510 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— MANUFACTURES. Table lOO UATSKIAI.S. Total cost. Pulp wood Wood pulp, purchEised: Tons Cost Ground- Tons Cost Soda fiber- Tons Cost Sulphite fiber- Tons Cost Other chemical fiber- Tone Cost Rags, including cotton and flax waste and sweepings: Tons Cost Old and waste paper: Tons Cost Manila stock, including jute bagging, rope, waste, threads, etc.: Tons Cost Straw: Tons Cost All other materials. PRODUCTS. Total value News paper: In rolls for printing- Tons Value In sheets for printing- Tons Value Book iraper: Book- Tons Value Coated — Tons Valne Plate, lithograph, map, wood- cut, etc. — Tons Value Cover — Tons Value Cardboard, bristol board, card mid- dles, tickets, etc. — Tons Value Finejpaper: Writing- Tons Value All other- Tone Value ping paper: ^nlla (rope, jute, tag, etc.)— Tons Value Heavy (mill wrappers, etc.)— Tons Value Straw- Tons Value 1909 Wrap $165,442,341 »33, 772, 475 1,241,914 $43,861,357 462,849 J9, 487, 508 164, 626 J6, 862,804 626,029 J27, 184, 726 8,410 $326,259 367,470 $10,721,659 983,882 $13,691,120 117,080 $3,560,033 303,137 $1,460,283 $58,375,615 1 $267,666,964 1,091,017 $42,807,064 84, 537 $4,048,496 576,616 $42,846,674 95,213 $9,413,961 6,498 $665,362 17,578 $1,982,863 51,449 $3,362,161 169,125 $24,906,102 29,088 $4,110,536 73, 731 $6,989,430 108, 561 $4,380,794 32,988 $870,419 1904 $111,251,478 $20,800,871 877, 702 $27,033,164 317,286 $5,754,259 120,978 $5,047,105 433, 100 $16,667,122 6,278 $264, 678 294, 552 $8,864,607 688,543 $7,430,335 107,029 $2,502,332 304,585 $1,502,886 $42,517,283 $188,716,189 840,802 $32,763,308 72,020 $3, 143, 152 434,500 $31,156,728 (') 19,837 $1,458,343 22,150 $2,023,986 39,060 $2,764,444 131,934 $19,321,045 14,898 $2,928,125 86,826 $6,136,080 96, 992 $4, 035 -,'588 54,232 $1,389,348 1899 $70,530,236 $9,837,516 644,000 $18,369,464 261,962 $4,361,211 94,042 $3,430,809 273,194 $10,112,189 14,808 $466,2.56 234,514 $6,696,427 356,193 $4,869,409 99,301 $2,437,256 367, 305 $1,396,659 $27,025,606 $127,326,162 454, 572 $16,754,992 114,640 $4,336,882 282,093 $19,466,604 22,360 $2,018,958 18,749 $1,665,376 28,494 $1,719,813 90,204 $12,222,870 22,503 $3,673,104 89, 419 $5,929,764 82, 875 $4,143,240 91,794 $2,027,518 PKODTJCTS— continued . Wrapping paper— Continued. Bogus or woodmanila, all grades — Tons Value All other- Tons Value Boards: Wood pulp — Tons Value Straw — Tons Value News- Tons Value All other- Tons Value Other paper products: Tissues — Tons Value Blotting— Tons Value Building, roofing, asbestos, and sheathing — Tons Value Hanging- Tons Value Miscellaneous- Tons Value Wood pulp made tor sale or tor con- sumption in mills other than where produced: Ground — Tons Value Soda fiber — Tons Value Sulphite fiber — Tons Value All other products Wood pulp. Quantity produced (Including that used m mills where manufac- tured), total tons Ground, tons , Soda fiber, tons Sulphite fiber, tons EQUIPMENT. Paper machines: Total number Capacity, yearly, tons Fourdrinier — Number Capacity per 24 hours, tons . Cylinder- Number Capacity per 24 hours, tons. Pulp: Grinders, nmnber Digesters, total number Sulphite fiber, number Soda fiber, number Capacity, yearly, tons of pulp... Ground, tons Sulphite, tons Soda, tons 367,932 $19,777,707 179,865 $10,202,035 71,036 $2,639,496 171,789 $3,750,851 74, 606 $2,216,469 514,208 $17,639,768 77, 745 $8,653,664 9,577 $1,186,180 226,824 $9,261,368 92,158 $4,431,514 96,577 $6,869,169 310,747 $5,649,466 156,844 $6,672,162 444,265 $17,956,748 $4,738,549 2,495,523 1,179,266 298, 626 1,017,631 1,480 5,293,397 804 10,508 676 6,316 1,436 642 348 194 3,405,621 1,809,685 1,250,983 344,953 1904 228,371 $10,099,772 177,870 $8,774,804 60,863 $2,347,250 167,278 $4,367,560 38,560 $1,174,216 253, 960 $9,070,531 43,925 $5,056,438 8,702 $1,046,790 145,024 $4,845,628 62,606 $3,013,464 106,296 $6,729,820 273,400 $4,323,495 130, 366 $6,169,615 376,940 $13,661,464 $1, 924, 195 1,921,768 968, 976 196, 770 756,022 1,369 3,867,903 752 617 4,740 1,362 517 309 208 2,644,753 1,515.088 885,092 244,673 1899 203,826 $9,148,677 67,338 $3,293,174 44,187 $1,406,130 157,634 $3,187,342 32,119 $930,631 131,777 $4,829,316 28,406 $3,486,652 4,351 $580,760 96,915 • $3,025,967 64,330 $2,265,345 49,101 $2,795,841 280,052 $4,433,699 99,014 $3,612,602 271,685 $10,461,400 $919,415 1,179,635 686,374 177,124 416,037 1,232 2,782,219 (■) 663 1,168 426 m 1,636,431 m 1 In addition, pajwr and wood pulp to the value of $2,567,267 was made by estabjishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of products other than those covered by the industry designation. ' Not reported separately. ' Not reported. Phonograplis and graphophones. — The following table gives comparative statistics for the manufacture of phonographs and graphophones. The value of all prod- ucts increased from $2,246,274 in 1899 to $11,725,996 in 1909, or over fivefold, the bulk of the increase being in the first haM of the decade. An important feature of the industry is the manufacture of records and blanks, the value of which formed 42.7 per cent ^t 4.V.« i^inl Tr«l,,„ „t „ «J„„j.„ i„ 1 fifin AK T v^«». n«».i Jv, ^^ addltlon, rccords aud paTts to thc vbIuc of $31,889 wcTB madc by cstabUsh- 01 tne total value 01 prOaUCtS in lyua, *0./ per cent m mentsengagedprimarilyinthemanufactureof products other than those covered 1904, and 24 per cent in 1899. "^ V'CCrted!"'"'"''" "^101* PKODUCT, 1909 1904 1899 1 $11,725,996 344,681 $5,406,684 27,183,959 $5,007,104 $1,312,208 $10,237,075 $2,966,343 m $4,678,547 $2,592,185 $2,246,274 Phonographs and graphophones: Number . . (!) $1, 240, 503 Records and blanks: W Value $539, 370 $466,401 STATES, CITIES, AND INDUSTRIES. 511 Printing and publishing. — The statistics for printing and publishing given in the following table include book and job printing and publishing; the printing and pubUshing of music; newspapers and periodicals; bookbinding and blank-book making; engraving, in- cluding plate printing; and lithographing. Under the head of job printing is included the job printing done by newspaper, periodical, and other estabhshments, as well as that of regular job-printing establishments. The value of products reported for the bookbinding and blank-book industry includes the value of all products of concerns engaged primarily in these branches, as well as the value of bookbinding and blank books reported by printing and publishing establishments. In like manner there is included under electrotyping, engraving, and hthographing the value of all products of establishments engaged primarily in these branches. The value of all products was $737,876,087 in 1909, $552,473,353 in 1904, and $395,186,629 in 1899, the rate of increase for the period 1899-1909 being 86.7 per cent. The income of newspapers and periodicals from subscriptions, sales, and advertising was $337,- 596,288 in 1909, as compared with $175,789,610 in 1899, the rate of increase for the decade being 92 per cent. Of the total income from these sources, that from advertising formed 60 per cent in 1909 and 54.5 per cent in 1899, having increased much faster than that from subscriptions and sales. Newspapers and periodicals increased in number from 18,793 in 1899 to 22,141 in 1909, or 17.8 per cent, and their aggregate circulation in-creased 53.9 per cent. The average circulation per issue was 7,428 in 1909, as compared with 6,866 in 1904 and 5,688 in 1899. The greatest relative increases in circulation during the decade were reported for dailies and month- Ues. In the circulation of the latter, however, there was a decrease between 1904 and 1909. Table 103 Total value Publications; Newspapers and periodicals Subscriptions and sales . . Advertising Newspapers Subscriptions and sales. . . Advertising Periodicals Subacriptions and sales. . . Advertising Ready prints, patent insides and outsides Books and pamphlets — Published, or printed and published Printed for publication by others Sheet music and books of music — Published or printed and published Printed for publication by others Products for sale and in execution of orders; Job printing Book binding and blank books . . Electrotyping, engraving, and lithographing All other products NEWSPAPERS AND PERIODICALS. Number Aggregate circulation £u period 0/ issue: Daily (exclusive of Sunday)— Number Aggregate circulation Sunday- Number Aggregate circulation Semtweekly and triweekly- Number Aggregate circulation Weekly — Number Aggregate circulation Monthly- Number Aggregate circulation All other — ' Number Aggregate circulation Bv character: News, politics, and family read- ing- Number Aggregate circulation Eeligious — Number Aggregate circulation Agricultural, horticultural, dairy, stock raising, etc. — Number Aggregate circulation 1909 5737,876,087 $337,596,288 $135,003,043 $202,533,245 $232,993,094 $84, 438, 702 3148,554,392 $104,603,194 $50,624,341 $53,978,853 $2,293,077 $62,930,394 $10,209,509 $5,510,698 $1,000,966 $207,940,227 $50,552,808 $47,956,979 $11,885,141 22,111 164,463,040 2,600 24,211,977 520 13,347,282 708 2,648,308 15,097 40,822,965 2,491 63,280,535 725 20, 151, 973 17,698 61,074,990 1,251 29,523,777 316 11, 327, 253 1904 $662,473,363 $256,816,282 $111,298,691 $145,517,691 C) (>) $63,312,492 $4,673,685 (') $119,262,070 >-40,788,768 $35,018,234 $12,601,822 21,848 160,009,723 2,452 19,632,603 494 12,022,341 703 3,233,658 15,006 36,226,717 2,500 64,306,166 693 14,688,249 17,032 63,366,893 1,287 22,383,631 360 8,106,275 1899 $396,186,629 $175,789,610 $79,928,483 $95,861,127 (■) (') $219,397,019 18,793 106,889,334 2,226 15, 102, 166 m 567 3,061,478 12,979 34,242,062 1,817 37,869,897 505 16,613,751 (•) m m 952 NEWSPAPERS AND PERIODICALS— continued. By character— Continued. Commerce, linancG, insurance, railroads, etc. — Number Aggregate circulation Trade journals generally— Number Aggregate circulation General literature, including monthly and quarterly maga- zines — Number Aggregate circulation Medicme and surgery — Number ". . Aggregate circulation Law — Number Aggregate circulation Science and mechanics — Number Aggregate circulation Fraternal orgainizations — Number Aggregate circulation Education and history- Number Aggregate circulation Society, art, music, fashions, etc. — Number Aggregate circulation College and school periodicals- Number Aggregate circulation Miscellaneous- Number Aggregate circulation By language: English — Number Aggregate circulation Foreign (including foreign and English)— Number Aggregate circulation French — Number Aggregate circulation German — Number Aggregate circulation Italian- Number Aggregate circulation Scandinavian — Number Aggregate circulation Letto Slavic- Number Aggregate circulation All other- Number Aggregate circulation 1909 264 1,411,738 685 3, 672, 441 340 31,322,035 197 931,584 56 161,346 139 1,421,955 419 6,982,235 202 1,879,383 164 13, 445, 661 271 330, 706 139 1,087,937 20, 744 155,432,243 1,397 9,030,797 39 446, 739 692 4, 434, 146 104 500, 475 161 1,118,601 169 917,649 232 1,613,187 1904 364 2,470,832 627 3,428,696 328 30,615,677 192 1,064,948 81 194,035 83 525,523 450 5,356,427 173 2, 119, 797 155 15,289,431 178 248,240 538 4,860,518 20,: 142, 441, ( 1,249 7,668,656 46 252,136 700 3, 922, 227 63 319, 450 162 1,149,619 128 605, 987 150 1,319,237 1899 (') m m m (?) («) 190 520 239 HI 62 200 120 139 293 17,761 (') W (») (') m (') P) (') 1,032 31 633 35 116 76 ' Not reported separately. ' Included with circulation of dailies. « Not reported. 512 ABSTRACT QF THE CENSUS— MANUFACTURES. The statistics in regard to the number of books and pamphlets published in 1909, classified by character, are given below. Comparative statistics for earlier censuses are not available. Table 103 BOOKS AND PAMPHLETS. Total number published . . . Biography, correspondence Description, geography, travel Domestic and rural Education Fiction Fine arts, illustrated gift books History Hrunor and satire Juvenile Law Literature and collected works Medical, hygiene Philosophy Physical and mathematical science. Poetry and the drama Political and social science Scientific and similar associations. . ^orts and amusements Theology and religion Useful arts Works of reference Titles or editions. 46,739 554 847 330 10,390 14,606 541 613 208 4,167 535 2,047 681 222 291 1,387 658 1,082 412 5,096 512 1,560 Volumes. 64,620 616 952 336 12, 159 15,772 587 954 211 4,202 862 3,841 738 252 307 1,574 689 1,141 423 6,539 538 1,927 Copies. 161,361,844 657,464 4,640,647 2,023,193 41,636,847 46,942,399 2,849,371 2,923,187 885,262 10,184,030 1,496,194 5,037,972 1,519,480 265,077 356, 413 1,980,824 1,862,429 1,258,662 2,430,074 23,608,230 1,104,599 7,799,590 Shipbuilding, including boat building. — The follow- ing table shows the value of work done on the different classes of water craft during the several census years, not including that done in Government establishments, and also the value of repair work and all other prod- ucts of the shipbuilding industry. The total value of products was lower in 1909 than in 1904 or 1899. Table 104 Total value Work done during the year on vessels and boats Vessels of 5 gross tons and over. . Boats of less than 5 gross tons. . . Steam Motor, gasoline, electric, and other Sailboats, rowboats, canoes, scows, etc Repair work All other products 1909 3 $73,360,315 42,310,925 37,718,018 4,592, 907 20,800 3, 155, 375 1,416,732 26,678,643 4,370,747 1904 • $82,769,239 56,121,227 53, 119, 935 3,001,292 1,879,288 1,122,004 22,829,040 3,818,972 $74,532,277 37,719,308 35, 750, 473 1, 968, 835 909, 470 23,134,436 13,678,533 ' Not including work done in Government shipyards, valued in 1909 at 525,872,033; In 1904, at $17,265,469; and in 1899, at $11,022,312. 3 In addition, the following items were reported by establishments engaged pri- marily in the manufacture of products other than those covered by the Indu^ry designation: Work done on vessels of 5 tons and over, launched, $418,905; vessels buHding but not latmehed, $30,184; boats of under 5 tons, $145,155; and other Ijoat products and repairs, $132,462; or a total of $776,706. ' In addition, the following items were reported by establishments engaged pri- marily in the manufacture of products other than those covered by the Industry designation: Work done on vessels of 5 tons and over, launched, $463,018; boats of under 5 tons, $147,542; and other boat products and repairs, $46,782; or a total of $657,342. The value of the products of governmental shipyards in 1909 was $25,872,033; in 1904, $17,265,469; and in 1899, $11,022,312. Thus the total value of products reported for aU establishments, governmental and pri- vate, was $99,232,348 in 1909, $100,034,708 in 1904, and $85,554,589 in 1899. The increase of $13,677,759, or 16 per cent, shown for the period 1899-1909, was due entirely to work of governmental estabUshments. The following table shows the number of vessels of each class launched during the census years 1909, 1904, and 1899. These figures are not strictly comparable with those giving values presented in the preceding table, since the former cover all work done during the year, both on vessels launched during the year and on those not yet launched at its close. The number of vessels of nearly every class was less in 1909 than at the two preceding censuses, but the number of boats increased greatly, the number made by all establish- ments aggregating 8,577, of which number 97.3 per cent were gasoline motor boats. Table 105 CLASS OF VESSELS. 1909 1904 1899 Vessels of 5 gross tons and over launched dur- ing the year: i Nnmber 2 1,584 467,219 381,198 158 254,986 193,144 96 219, 617 159,297 15 2,466 2,078 2,046 1,736 44 30,857 30,034 1,426 212,233 188,054 85 15,016 9,662 430 6,923 5,146 116 16,413 12,955 795 174,881 160,291 5 8,577 8 8,569 8,342 12 215 8 2,114 504,020 424,708 155 154,314 106,826 122 140,047 93,366 2,081 687,159 542,324 134 Steel vessels— Gross tons 262, 516 Net tons 186,509 123 steam- Gross fnns 237,379 164,313 Motor — ■MnmbPr.. Net tons Sail, with and without auxihary — NllTTlbPl'. . 8 4,779 4,591 25 9,488 8,870 1,959 349,706 317,882 186 35,048 23,366 307 3,157 2,333 341 59,836 50,483 1,125 251,665 241,701 8 3,499 6 Grnss f.miR 21,085 18,348 5 Unrigged— 4,052 3,848 1,947 Net tons Wooden vessels— Net tons 355,815 396 steam- Gross tons . - 48,932 32,845 Motor- Gross tons . . Sail, with and without auxiUary^ — Number 642 Gross tons . . 59,209 51,772 909 Net tons Uruigged— Number , . 316, 502 Net tons . 271,198 1,687 Boats of less than 5 gross tons, number < Steam Motor. . . 3,499 1,687 Electric M Other M 1 Not including vessels launched in Government shipyards as follows: In 1909, 3 steel and 28 wooden vessels, the steel vessels having a total of 350 gross tons and the wooden a total of 1,709 gross tons, and in 1904, 17 steel and 14 wooden vessels, the steel vessels having a total of 23,850 gross tons and the wooden a total of 3,402 gross tons. 2 In addition, there were built by establishments engaged primarily in the manu- facture of products other than those covered by the industry designation, 8 steel and 14 wooden vessels, the steel vessels having a total of 5,429 gross tons and the wooden a total of 7,106 gross tons. 8 In addition, there were built by establishments engaged primarily in the manu- facture of products other than those covered by the industry designation, 3 steel and 131 wooden vessels, the steel vessels having a total of 408 gross tons and the wooden a total of 21,919 gross tons. * Not including 53 boats built in Government shipyards in 1909 and 52 in 1904. 6 In addition, 412 boats were built by establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of products other than those covered by the indu^stry designation. 8 In addition, 365 boats were built by establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of products other than those covered by the industry designation. ' Not reported separately. STATES, CITIES, AND INDUSTRIES. 513 Laundries. — Steam laundries are not generally con- sidered as manufacturing establishments, and there- fore statistics for them have been excluded from prior censuses. Since the industry has, however, developed so rapidly, large amounts of capital now being invested, and many wage earners being em- ployed, it should no longer be omitted from the indus- trial census. The estabHshments are conducted according to factory methods, and therefore the sta- tistics are associated with those for the manufacturing industries of the Thirteenth Census. They are not included, however, m the general tables or in the totals for manufacturing industries. During the year 1909 there were in the United States 5,186 laundries operated by the use of mechanical power. The capital reported by these establishments as invested in the industry amounted to 168,935,000. In addition, such establishments rent a great deal of property, the annual rental paid by laundries for plant and equipment amounting in 1909 to $2,277,000. The value of the work done was $104,680,086. In addition to ascertaining the average number of wage earners employed during the entire year, the census calls for the actual number of wage earners, by sex and age periods, employed on December 15, 1909, or the nearest representative day. On that date there were employed 112,064 wage earners, of whom 31,947, or 28.5 per cent, were men; 79,152, or 70.6 per cent, women; and 965, or 0.9 per cent, children under 16 years of age. The following statement summarizes the statistics: Number of establishments 5, 186 Capital invested $68, 935, 000 Cost of materials used $17, 696, 000 Salaries and wages, total $53, 007, 747 Salaries $8, 180, 769 Wages $44, 826, 978 Miscellaneous expenses $14, 483, 497 Value of products or amount received for work done. . $104, 680, 086 Employees: Number of salaried officials and clerks 9, 170 Average number of wage earners employed dur- ing the year 109, 484 Actual number of wage earners employed on Dec. 15, 1909, or nearest representative day.. 112,064 Men 16 years and over 31, 947 Women 16 years and over 79, 152 Children under 16 years — Male 274 Female 691 Primary power used, horsepower 123, 477 The number of wage earners employed each month and the per cent which this number represented of the greatest number employed in laundries in any month were as follows: ^ 72497°— 13 33 Table 106 MONTH. January . . Febraary . March April May June WAGE EARNERS. I Percent Number. I ojmaxi- I mum. 103,746 103,937 104,970 106,422 108,149 111,313 90.6 90.7 91.6 92.9 94.4 97.2 July August September . October November . December . . "WAGE EARNERS. Number. 114,211 114,539 113,738 111,500 110,479 110,805 Per cent of maxi- mum. 99.7 100.0 99.3 97.3 96.5 96.7 The different kinds of primary power, the number of engines, and the horsepower used in laundries during 1909 are shown in the following tabular statement: Table 107 KIND. Number of engines or motors. Horse- power. 123,477 4,527 4,119 379 18 11 Steam 105,272 4,073 456 Gas Water wheels Water motors. . 69 Rented 13,607 11 157 Electric .... 2,401 Other. 2,450 The kind and amount of fuel used in laundries shown in the following statement: are Table 108 KIND. Unit. Quantity. Anthracite coal. Tons (2,240 lbs.) .. Tons (2,000 lbs.) . . Tons (2,000 lbs.) .. 178,640 886,734 14,785 94,723 372,586 2,729,324 Coke Wood... Oil 1,000 feet Small custom sawmills and gristmills, — Statistics for small custom sawmills and gristmills are not included in the general tables or in the totals for manufactur- ing industries, but are presented in the following sum- mary. The cost of materials and value of products for gristmills include an estimate of the grain ground, but it was impossible to estimate the value of the lumber sawed in the custom sawmills. Table 109 Number of estabUshments Persons engaged in industry Proprietois and firm members.. . Salaried employees Wage earners (average number) . Primary horsepower Capital Expenses Services .Materials Miscellaneous . Value of products. Small custom sawmills. 4,133 12,836 5,702 44 7,090 93,280 $5,655,145 2,160,271 1,696,152 97, 574 366,545 4,515,881 Small custom gristmills. 11,961 22,596 15,435 147 7,014 272,763 $21,258,510 48,110,5&5 1,186,540 > 46,314,868 009,157 2 55,115,653 1 Includes estimated value of all grain ground. ^ Includes estimate of value of products from all grain ground. In addition custom grotmd products, valued at $1 ,170,751 , were made by establishments engaged primarily lq the manufacture of products other than those covered by the indus- try designation. 514 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— MANUFACTURES. COMPARATIVE SUMMARY FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES: 1909, 1904, AND 1899. Notes. — The figures /or some industries do not represent the total production, beaause important establishments that manufacture the same class of products may be included in other industries. (See Introduction.) Primary horsepower includes power generated in manufacturing establishments plus electric and other power rented from outside sources; it does not include electric power generated by primary units of the establishments reporting. In the statistics of power for 1899 there is a difference of 154,723 horsepower between the total and the sum of the figures for the various industries. This is due to the Impossibility of making correct revision of the figures for each industry for comparison with 1904 and 1909. [A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease.] Vable 110 All Indnstries. Agricultural Implements Artificial flowers and feathers and plumes. Artificial stone i . . Artists* materials. Automobiles, including bodies and parts. Awnings, tents, and sails Axle grease Babbitt metal and solder. Bags, other than paper. Bags, paper. Bakingpowdersand yeast . Baskets, and rattan and willow ware. Beet sugar. Belting and hose, leather Belting and hose, woven and rubber. Bicycles, motorcycles, and parts. Billiard tables and ma- terials. Blacking and cleansing and polishing prepara- tions. Bluing. Bone, carbon, and lamp black. Boots and shoes, includ- ing cut stock and find- ings. Cen- sus. 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1909 1904 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. 268,491 216,180 207,514 640 648 715 412 213 224 3,439 477 46 28 21 743 178 57 621 390 340 38 25 29 109 75 51 109 79 73 74 62 144 164 191 58 51 30 139 117 104 46 39 25 95 101 312 54 48 74 501 294 275 82 56 65 27 25 15 1,918 1,895 2,253 PERSONS ENGAGED IN INDUSTRY. Total. 7,678,578 6,213,612 60,229 55, 089 11,683 4,913 15,202 3,417 865 372 85,359 13,333 5,747 4,406 334 196 1,491 882 8,838 6,308 ;,683 3,531 3,355 5,419 5,867 8,389 4,726 4,370 2,800 7,304 6,019 5,017 3,761 1,776 964 4,407 2,786 302 258 215,923 171,940 Pro- prie- tors and firm mem- bers. 273,265 225,673 465 496 520 289 4,208 571 405 103 648 442 70 no 150 476 525 100 94 434 281 94 1,838 2,128 Salaried em- ployees. 790,267 519,566 364,120 9,213 7,199 10,046 1,047 281 285 1,037 340 182 68 32 9,233 1,181 268 857 532 416 145 55 85 528 243 145 798 532 429 360 340 1,266 756 749 279 236 182 1,184 763 350 1,264 614 443 974 614 231 602 361 2,034 233 116 1,556 723 686 ' 138 47 64 67 47 21 16,788 9,518 Wage earners (average number). 6,615,046 5,468,383 4,712,763 60,551 47, 394 46,582 10,016 4,343 5,331 9,957 2,506 658 274 200 75,721 12,049 2,241 4,242 3,432 3,335 176 119 127 897 669 635 7,968 5,722 3,922 3,212 2,473 1,989 2,155 2,449 1,938 4,664 6,106 4,217 7,204 3,963 1,970 3,006 2,092 1,667 6,319 4,390 2,025 4,437 3,319 17,525 1,495 796 453 2,417 1,782 1,758 313 206 220 200 85 198, 297 160,294 151,231 Primary horse- power. 18,675,376 13,487,70; 10,097,893 100,601 89, 738 70,646 334 184 113 12,185 2,776 568 289 75, 550 10, 109 2,022 1,105 921 492 210 181 2,293 1,138 6,855 4,522 1,755 3,885 2,927 2,148 3,335 2,965 2,446 7,196 6,252 5,997 57,202 35. 490 14,460 5,638 3,220 2,162 20,547 13. 491 5,612 5,932 5,730 19,847 2,642 631 277 3,977 2,708 1,873 242 284 116 1,023 1,086 365 96, 302 63,968 55, 489 Capital. Sala- ries. Cost of materials. Value of products. Value added by manu- facture (value of products less cost of mate- rials). Expressed in thousands. $18,428,270 12,675,581 8,975,266 256, 281 196,741 157,708 9,693 ■ 2,568 3,633 16,010 3,316 1,730 876 377 173,837 23,084 5,769 7,865 4,793 3,53? 935 608 577 7,418 4,129 3,116 24,625 12,387 7,418 10, 780 11,441 6,917 33, 647 13, 233 8,338 4,199 3,600 2,844 129,629 65,923 20,142 17, 457 10, 785 7,408 24,260 15,909 6,020 9,780 5,883 29,784 4,705 1,618 7,557 4,560 3,662 556 570 415 1,842 1,663 782 222, 324 136,802 110,363 $938,576 674,439 380,771 10,140 7,573 8,363 1,160 232 291 785 261 202 67 38 9,479 1,257 295 809 507 325 155 65 83 739 265 172 1,068 602 379 714 405 369 1,710 939 835 244 203 140 1,769 1,005 357 1,502 787 485 1,384 984 380 582 351 1,753 352 151 105 1,780 774 713 112 46 41 78 48 24 18,629 9,412 8,159 $3,427,038 2,610,446 2,008,361 28,609 25,003 22, 451 3,974 1,397 1,561 5,342 1,403 307 137 79 48,694 7,159 1,321 2,188 1,757 1,669 62 55 561 338 295 2,942 1,829 1,102 1,306 1,046 1,042 717 1,747 1,731 1,213 2,487 1,092 1,861 1,165 ■ 914 2,966 2,057 982 2,908 1,971 8,190 1,011 501 278 1,146 738 634 114 77 79 105 46 98,463 73,072 61,924 $12,142,791 8,500,208 6,575,851 60, 307 48,281 43,945 13, 627 2,014 2,763 7,043 1,430 1,360 687 249 131, 648 13, 151 1,804 8,377 6,670 5,228 828 368 360 16, 270 10,864 7,998 46,364 30, 758 16,439 10, 355 6,595 4,499 9,338 8,940 7,127 2,335 1,803 1,335 27,265 14,487 4,804 15,623 9,317 7,500 14,605 10, 787 4,528 5,083 2,628 16, 792 937 729 6,962 4,383 3,152 203 106 332,738 225,288 191,456 $20,672,052 14,793,903 11,406,927 146, 329 112, 007 101,207 23,981 5,247 18,596 4,128 2,340 1,139 497 249,202 30,034 4,748 14,499 11,269 9,144 1,481 879 718 19, 768 13,100 9,191 54,882 37, 399 19,652 15,698 10,087 6,799 20,775 19,043 14, 668 5,695 5,187 3,636 48,122 24,394 7,324 23,692 14,220 10,623 24,729 17, 791 10,699 5,153 31,916 6,878 2,223 1,648 14,679 8,651 6,698 1,074 679 576 1,093 648 360 512, 798 357,688 290,047 $8,529,261 6,293,696 4,831,076 86,022 63,726 57,262 10,354 3,233 3,530 11, 553 462 248 117,556 16,883 2,944 6,122 4,599 3,916 653 511 358 3,498 2,236 1,193 8,518 6,641 3,213 5,343 3,492 2,300 11,437 10,103 7,441 3,360 3,384 2,301 20,857 9,907 2,520 8,069 4,903 3,123 10,224 7,004 2,358 6,616 2,525 15,124 2,509 1,286 919 7,717 4,268 3,546 580 -413 331 648 445 254 180,060 132,400 98,591 PEB CENT OF INCREASE. earners (aver- age num- ber). 21.0 16.0 6.7 1.7 130.6 -18.5 297.3 140.1 37.0 528.4 437.7 23.6 2.9 47.9 -6.3 57.6 6.4 39.3 45.9 29.9 24.3 -12.0 26.4 -8.7 21.1 81.8 101.2 43.7 25.5 43.9 116.8 33.7 -81.1 87.8 75.7 35.6 1.4 51.9 -6.4 14.0 135.3 23.7 6.0 Value of prod- ucts. 39.7 29.7 10.7 357.0 -16.6 360.5 105.4 129.2 729.7 532.6 28.7 23.2 68.5 22.4 60.9 42.5 46.7 90.3 55.6 48.4 9.1 30.7 42.7 97.3 233.1 66.6 33.9 39.0 158.4 107.6 -83.9 164.4 34.9 69.7 29.2 58.2 17.9 68.7 80.0 43.4 23.3 1 Included fn "marble and stone" In 1899. STATES, CITIES, AND INDUSTRIES. 515 COMPARATIVE SUMMARY FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES: 1909, 1904, AND 1899— Continued. [See explanatory notes on the first page of this tahle.] Table 110— Ck)ntd. Boots and shoes, rubber. Boxes, cigar.. Boxes, fancy and paper. Brass and bronze prod- ucts. Bread and other bakery products. Brick and tile. . Brooms and brushes ' . . . Butter, cheese, and con- densed milk. Butter, reworking.. Buttons- Calcium lights.. Candles'. Canning and preserving. Card cutting and ing. Carpets and ruga, other than rag. Carpets, rag. Carriages and sleds, chil- dren's. Carriages and wagons and materials. Cars and generalshop con- struction and repairs by s t e a m-raihoad com- panies. Cars and gen'eral shop con- struction and repahs by street-railroad com- panies. Cars, steam-railroad, not including operations of railroad companies. Cars, street-railroad, not including operations of railroad companies. Cash registers and calcu- lating machines. Cement '. Charcoal . Cen- sus. 904 904 .904 904 Num- ber of estab- lish- mentSj 22 22 22 274 297 315 796 729 1,021 813 23,926 18, 226 14,836 4,215 4,634 5,423 1,282 1,316 1,523 8,479 8,926 9,242 24 35 10 444 276 238 10 22 19 16 17 3,767 3,168 2,570 68 60 43 139 139 133 428 363 805 84 78 77 5,492 5,588 6,792 1,145 1,140 1,292 541 86 108 110 73 65 14 14 20 50 32 18 135 129 76 74 183 PERSONS ENGAGED IN INDUSTRY. Total. 18,899 19,815 6,852 7,036 43,568 36, 194 45, 441 36,952 144, 322 109,673 85, 764 75,006 15,143 13,958 31,506 26,865 418 526 18,004 11,637 649 930 71,972 66,022 702 834 34,706 34,393 2,688 2,331 5,769 4,379 82,944 90,751 301,273 250, 199 23,699 11,551 47,094 36, 367 4,005 4,997 9,249 6,012 29,511 18,887 731 1,025 Pro- prie- tors and firm mem- bers. Salaried em- ployees. 301 384 815 786 784 26,982 20,037 4,285 6,296 1,461 1,651 8,019 519 302 4,244 3,450 134 149 458 6,213 6,675 1,287 822 436 370 216 3,239 2,326 1,368 3,995 3,000 1,813 17,124 8,358 9,167 4,951 3,690 2,426 1,639 982 900 6,056 3,607 2,818 113 90 29 1,058 768 339 4 16 6 103 7,760 6,628 4,199 1,265 1,023 687 217 137 57 419 324 172 6,803 6,294 5,026 19,097 13,329 7,094 1,281 499 201 4,001 2,303 1,366 421 264 144 1,777 923 327 2,719 1,383 25 25 23 Wage earners (average number). 17,612 18,991 14,391 6,115 6,282 4,609 39, 514 32,082 27,653 40,618 33,168 27,166 100,216 81,278 60,192 76,628 66,021 61,979 12,163 11,425 10,346 18, 431 16,657 12,799 295 404 148 16,427 10,567 8,685 15 41 65 539 816 69,968 66,944 67,012 526 696 325 33,307 33, 221 28,411 1,982 1,736 1,318 6,300 4,003 2,726 69,928 77,882 73, 812 282, 174 236,870 173,595 22,418 11,052 7,026 43,086 34,058 33,453 3,683 4,730 3,585 7,465 4,079 2,067 26, 776 17, 478 631 923 1,786 Primary horse- power. 26,903 26,084 25,017 6,049 6,548 4,274 23,323 15,117 106, 120 69, 494 47, 257 65,298 37, 241 22,472 341,169 256.362 176, 700 8,800 6,441 4,482 101, 349 93, 845 88,062 1, 471. 1,684 631 12,831 6,982 4,165 63 132 80 799 931 81,179 60,831 38,624 269 222 219 38,553 33,946 26,740 2,651 1,667 6,281 3,633 2,462 126,032 106, 159 83,771 293,361 167,973 95,087 35,794 3,154 6,443 97, 797 65, 994 33, 395 15,161 7,054 4,865 6,944 4,139 1,340 371,799 149, 604 166 355 164 Capital. Sala- ries. Cost of materials. Value of pioducts. Value added by manu- facture (value of products less cost of mate- rials). Expressed in thousands. $43,905 39,442 5,403 4,457 3,288 35, 475 22,691 14,979 109,319 77,438 51,120 212,910 122,363 80,902 174,673 119,957 82,086 18,982 12,062 9,616 71,284 47,256 36,303 3,543 1,719 256 15,640 7,784 4,213 55 144 95 2,959 3,004 119,207 79,246 55, 481 75,627 56,781 44, 449 1,546 ■1,100 867 6,883 4,336 2,907 175, 474 152,345 128,962 238,317 146,886 119, 473 12,906 10,782 139,805 88, 179 88,324 14,168 12, 976 7,615 27,224 7,588 5,242 187, 398 85,759 641 717 811 11,415 874 597 S8,644 8,867 6,427 471 333 172 2,234 2,120 1,440 3,709 2,313 1,269 14,016 10,208 8,152 6,540 3,778 2,297 23,677 17,666 13,599 13,764 6,273 6,063 59,351 43.172 27,864 5,439 3,530 2,026 37,139 28,646 21,883 1,661 925 758 5,404 4,380 3,788 3,591 1,376 912 11,081 8,413 6,146 128 85 30 186 252 68 1,299 711 296 6,789 3,680 2,826 4 12 6 11 24 24 161 135 246 294 7,864 5,231 3,479 19,082 16,336 13,705 93 53 22 238 261 135 2,209 1,397 881 15,536 13,724 11,121 182 87 30 860 675 443 490 341 159 2,217 1,783 1,090 7,960 6,581 4,759 37,595 38,363 33,565 17,339 11,920 6,208 181,344 142,153 96,007 1,204 543 194 14,486 7,013 4,406 5,138 2,855 1,538 27,135 20,248 16,987 694 398 236 2,177 2,840 1,951 2,736 1,109 329 5,312 2,442 1,250 3,653 1,858 15, 320 8,814 23 22 16 253 343 431 $29,677 32,000 22,683 4,313 3,810 3,061 26,716 16, 686 11,765 99,228 6.5,653 61,189 238,034 155,989 95,052 23,736 16,317 11,006 15, 578 10,999 9,544 236,646 142,920 108,841 7,424 6,247 1,346 9,541 4,144 2,803 24 35 36 2,176 2,911 101,823 83,147 63,668 374 478 313 39,563 37,948 27,229 689 489 622 4,129 2,840 1,996 81,951 . 77,528 66, 772 199, 413 151,105 109, 472 15, 168 5,463 4,337 78, 753 75,057 61, 743 4,260 5,341 3,967 3,552 1,516 921 29,344 12, 215 448 642 405 $49, 721 70,065 41,090 8,491 7,786 6,867 54,450 36,867 27,316 149,989 102, 407 88,664 396,865 269, 683 175,369 92, 776 71,162 51,270 29,126 21,104 18,484 274,558 168,183 130,783 8,200 7,271 2,116 22,708 11,134 7,696 52 135 119 3,130 3,889 167, 101 130, 466 99,335 1,031 1,083 618 71,188 61,686 48,192 2,568 1,918 1,755 8,805 6,371 4,290 159,893 155, 869 138,262 405, 601 309,776 218,114 31,963 13, 437 9,371 123, 730 111,176 90, 510 7,810 10,844 7,305 23,708 9,875 5,675 63, 205 29,873 872 1,292 1,134 $20,144 38,065 18. 407 4,178 3,976 2,796 28,734 20,181 16, 661 60,761 36,764 27,465 158,831 113,694 80, 317 69,040 64,835 40, 264 13, 548 10, 105 8,940 39,012 25,263 21,942 776 1,024 770 13, 167 6,990 4,893 28 100 84 954 978 55,278 47, 319 35,667 657 605 305 31,625 23,638 20,963 1,879 1,429 1,133 4,676 3,531 2,294 77,942 78,341 71,490 206,188 158,670 108,642 16,795 7,974 6,034 44, 977 36,518 28, 767 3,550 5,503 3,338 20, 156 8,359 4,754 33, 861 17,658 424 650 729 PER CENT OF INCREASE. Wage earners (aver- age num- ber). Value of prod- ucts. -7.3 32.0 -29.0 70.5 -2.7 36.3 9.1 32.9 23.2 16.0 47.7 35.0 22.5 22.1 46.5 15.5 23.3 36.0 47.2 53.7 15.9 6.5 30.4 38. S 6.4 10.4 38.0 14.2 18.5 21.6 63.2 28.6 -27.0 173.0 12.8 243.8 65.6 21.7 104.0 44.7 -63.4 -25.5 -SI. 5 13.4 -33.9 -19.5 6.3 -0.1 20.4 31.3 -24.6 114.2 -4.8 75.2 0.3 16.9 15.8 27.8 14.2 31.7 33.9 9.i 32.4 46.8 38.2 48.5 -10.2 5.6 2.6 12.7 19.1 36.4 30.9 42.0 102.8 57.3 137.9 43.4 26.5 1.8 11.3 22. a -24.2 31.9 -28.0 48.4 83.0 97.3 140.1 74.0 53.2 111.6 -31.6 -48.3 -32.5 13.9 1 Includes 898 establishmmts reported as "brooms" and 384 as "brushes" in 1909. ' Included in "soap" in 1899. ^ included in "lime" hi 1899. 516 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— MANUFACTURES. COMPARATIVE SUMMARY FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES: 1909, 1904, AND 1899— Continued. [See explanatory notes on the first page of this table.] Table 110— Contd. INDUSTRY. Chemicals i. China decorating. Chocolate and cocoa l^oducts. Clocks and watches, in- cluding cases and mate- rials. Cloth, sponging and re- finishing. Clothing, horse. . Clothing, men's, button- holes. Clothing, men's, includ- ing smrts. Clothing, women's. Cofiee and spice, roasting and grinding.' Cofiins, burial cases, and undertakers' goods. Coke. Confectionery, Cooperage and wooden goods, not elsewhere specified. Copper, tin, and sheet- iron products. Cordage and twine and jute and linen goods. Cordials and sirups.. Cork, cutting. Corsets. Cotton goods, including cotton small wares. Crucibles. Cutlery and tools, not elsewhere specified. Dairymen's, poulterers', and apiarists' supplies.^ Dentists' materials Cen- sus. Nimi- berof estab- lish- ments. 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1909 1904 349 275 40 28 49 27 25 24 120 97 109 57 55 46 33 29 146 141 149 6,354 S,145 6,419 4,558 3,351 2,701 607 421 458 284 239 217 315 278 241 1,944 1,348 962 1,693 1,719 1,798 4,22S 2,540 1,985 164 145 160 117 63 39 62 50 62 138 109 138 1,324 1, 154 1,055 12 11 11 233 176 PERSONS ENGAGED IN INDUSTEY. Total. 27, 791 22, 707 436 273 3,404 2,396 25,439 23,891 1,167 922 1,830 1,168 1,031 1.075 271,437 196, 366 179, 021 131,538 13, 516 9,245 11,448 9,797 31,226 20,440 54,854 42, 729 29, 717 31, 133 i,934 1,713 27,214 26,442 3,376 3,080 19, 611 11,948 387, 771 323,287 340 37,161 29,004 6, 431 3,273 1,982 2,291 Pro- prie- tors and firm mem- bers. 154 123 181 164 8,502 7,006 6,482 4,913 497 442 161 168 101 73 1,832 1,366 1,760 1,853 4,423 2,851 94 377 432 814 827 200 165 Salaried em- ployees. 3,923 2,778 2,123 63 18 31 568 291 1,529 1,249 676 125 59 142 73 55 20 8 11 23,239 15, 671 11,906 18, 796 10, 920 6,715 5,529 2,844 2,749 1,948 1,161 948 1,852 1,386 915 8,384 5,124 4,304 1,688 1,537 4,827 2,924 1,314 1,050 682 449 171 112 185 136 136 1,956 877 815 8,514 6,981 4,902 59 57 3,351 1,989 1,464 1,354 500 340 290 182 Wage earners (average number). 23, 714 19,806 19,020 328 225 2,826 2,090 1,314 23,857 22, 579 17, 155 975 795 S34 1,648 1,063 575 8,30 903 239,696 173, 689 157,549 153, 743 115, 705 83, 739 7,490 5,959 6,387 9,339 8,468 6,840 29, 273 18, 981 16, 999 44,638 36, 239 26, 866 26,269 27,743 25, 323 73, 615 53,035 38, 317 25,820 25,332 21,651 1,095 660 362 3,142 2,895 2,340 17, 564 10, 975 12, 297 378, 880 315,874 302, 861 335 280 671 32,996 26, 188 19,642 4,871 1,573 1,922 1,017 Primary horse- power. 208, 604 132, 262 90,349 18 10,593 6,217 2,756 14,957 10, 731 7,251 704 322 109 1,454 656 271 176 137 113 42,725 29, 829 20,457 '22,294 14,916 9,962 22,334 15,703 16,270 16, 490 13, 178 8,927 62,602 66, 669 34, 767 35, 870 24, 292 19, 410 65, 108 56,988 38, 462 62,366 30, 229 28,829 78, 549 66, 244 47, 999 1,1.54 782 573 3,746 2,589 1,563 4,581 3,284 3,638 1, 296, 517 986, 604 795, 834 816 627 760 68,294 64,397 38,283 3,994 865 1,113 375 Capital. Sala- ries. Cost of materials. Value of products. Value added by manu- facture (value of products less cost of mate- rials). Expressed in thousands. $155, 144 96, 621 89,069 559 261 269 13, 685 8,379 57,500 42,189 31,514 629 401 3,279 1,499 654 225 262 247 275, 320 176, 557 140, 191 129, 301 73, 948 48, 432 46,042 38, 735 28, 437 25,843 18, 532 13, 685 152,321 90,713 36,503 68,326 43, 125 26, 319 50,342 36, 756 25,602 217, 532 147, 608 49, 679 76,020 56, 467 43, 153 4,804 1,666 1,153 5,327 4,009 2,684 18,033 9,589 7,290 822, 238 613,111 467, 240 2,051 1,577 1,844 67, 380 43,729 30, 152 15,188 6,030 6,258 4,681 2,112 $6,137 4,048 2,923 $14,085 10, 790 9,393 80 16 21 191 99 122 970 463 371 1,269 822 526 2,181 1,638 957 12,944 11,892 8,315 127 62 35 651 504 268 171 72 47 492 342 177 12 5 6 389 380 332 26,723 15,740 12,032 106,277 68,459 56,391 20,418 9,976 6,574 78,568 51,180 32,586 6,596 .3,216 2,951 3,676 2,830 2,487 2,411 1,345 1,023 4,633 4,120 3,077 2,072 1,247 797 15,454 9,304 7,086 9,137 4,840 3,625 15, 615 11, 699 8,020 2,047 1,752 963 11,715 11,843 9,860 10,288 6,070 2,810 39,501 26,269 16,924 1,863 1,597 1,021 9,133 8,824 6,554 627 242 121 503 235 117 267 198 195 1,098 888 688 2,871 1,010 966 6,464 3, 600 3,645 14,412 10,238 7,350 132, 859 96,206 86, 690 130 116 164 180 159 251 4,182 2,333 1,606 17,581 13,126 9,434 1,416 359 2,671 1,167 545 334 184 744 949 509 $64, 122 42,063 34,646 311 108 207 15,523 9,723 6,877 11,131 9,872 8,819 85 39 17 2,773 1,329 105 95 297,515 211,433 168, 169 208, 788 130, 720 84, 705 83,205 65,847 55, 112 11,964 9,501 6,945 64,025 29,885- 19,666 81,151 48, 810 35,354 36, 928 34,971 23, 619 112, 682 63,921 42,602 40,915 46, 031 33,064 5,341 2,149 1,505 3,435 2,459 2,404 15,640 6,135 6,357 371,009 286, 255 176, 552 1,089 762 1,673 18, 279 13,278 9,748 3,203 8,101 5,510 2.109 $117, 689 75,222 62, 637 786 327 485 22, 390 14,390 9,666 35,197 29, 790 22,110 1,544 1,053 4,136 2,140 1,305 781 700 681 568,077 406, 768 323, 839 384,752 247, 662 159, 340 110, 5.33 84, 188 69, 527 24, 526 20,266 13,952 95, 697 51,729 35,585 134, 796 87, 087 60,644 60,248 67, 956 42,026 199, 824 119, 933 78, 359 61,020 64, 664 49,078 9,662 3,510 2,107 6.940 4.491 4,392 33, 257 14,802 14, 461 628,392 450, 468 339,200 1,849 1,343 2,607 53,266 39,022 28, 146 15,463 6,645 10,836 7,810 3,721 $63, 667 33, 159 28,091 475 219 278 6 867 4,667 2,789 24,066 19.918 13,291 1,459 1,014 549 811 457 676 606 583 270,562 195.335 155, 670 175, 964 116, 942 74, 6,35 27,328 18,341 14, 415 12, 562 10, 766 7,007 31, 672 21,844 16, 919 53,645 38,277 25,290 23, 320 22,985 18, 406 87, 242 56,012 36, 757 20, 105 18,633 16,014 4,321 1,361 602 2,505 2,032 1,988 17,617 8,727 8,094 257,383 164, 213 162, 648 760 581 934 34,987 25, 744 18,398 9,374 3,342 2,735 2,300 1,612 PER CENT OF INCREASE. Wage earners (aver- age num- ber). 19.7 4.1 Value of prod- ucts. 56.5 20.1 45.8 -24.5 140.4 -32.8 35.2 69.1 55.6 48.9 5.7 31.6 18.2 34.7 22.6 48.9 46.6 86.0 55.0 84.9 93.2 64.0 -8.1 -4.3 11.8 2.8 38.0 10.2 39.7 25.6 32.9 38.2 55.4 55.4 25.7 -3.7 31.3 21.1 10.3 23.8 21.0 45.3 54.2 11.7 85.0 45.4 23.2 34.9 54.8 43.6 -5.3 9.6 4.0 37.9 38.8 38.4 66.6 53.1 1.9 17.0 -5.6 31.8 65.9 82.3 175.3 66.6 8.5 23.7 32.3 2.3 60.0 -10.8 123.8 2.8 19.9 4.3 39.5 32.8 19.6 -58.3 37.7 -48.5 26.0 33.3 36.5 38.6 86.8 136.3 -18.2 89.0 38.7 109.9 ' Includes "sulphuric, nitric, and mixed acids" and "wood distillation, not including turpentine and rosin" in 1899. 5 Includes "peanuts, grading, roasting, cleaning, and shelling" in 1899. ' Included in other classifications in 1899. STATES, CITIES, AND INDUSTRIES. 517 COMPARATIVE SUMMARY FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES: 1909, 1904, AND 1899— Continued. [See explanatory notes on the first page of tUs table.] Table 110— Contd. Drag grinding. Dyeing and finishing tex. tiles. Dyestufls and extracts. Electrical machinery, ap- paratus, and supplies. Electroplating. Emery and other abrasive wheels. Enameling and japan- ning.i Engravers' materials. Engraving and dlesinklng Engraving, wood. Explosives. Fancy articles, not else- where specified. Fertilizers. Files. Firearms and ammuni-i tion. Fire extinguishers, chem- ical. Fireworks. Flags, banners, regalia, society badges, and em- blems. Flavoring extracts Flax and hemp, dressed . . Flour-mill and gristmill products. Food preparations Foundry and machine- shop products.^ Foundry suppUes Fuel, manufactiu'ed " Cen- sus. 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1909 1904 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1909 1904 1909 1904 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1909 1904 1909 1904 1909 1904 1899 1905 1904 1899 1909 1904 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. 25 27 26 426 360 107 98 77 1,009 784 581 461 312 302 61 34 34 108 124 167 18 10 11 253 305 277 82 114 144 124 97 494 435 550 399 422 57 62 66 62 65 31 35 17 42 34 46 211 171 145 420 377 350 16 17 4 11, 691 10,051 9,476 1,213 766 645 13,253 10,765 11,046 49 34 30 11 PERSONS ENQAGED IN INDOSTEY. Total. 1,152 1,111 47,303 38,071 3,015 3,160 105,600 71,485 3,658 2,468 2,446 1,000 2,418 10,657 1,782 2,100 480 505 7,058 7,113 14,194 11,748 21,950 16,091 4,521 3,450 16,042 14,400 300 267 1,567 1,637 4,522 3,617 2,634 2,599 216 246 66,054 59,623 20,966 14, 739 616,485 502, 185 710 414 112 Pro- prie- tors and firm mem- bers. Salaried em- 318 310 439 400 564 371 300 352 129 477 483 323 294 30 207 169 377 384 14, 670 13,098 1,131 749 9,851 9,370 214 107 102 2,939 2,196 1,318 553 361 229 17,905 10,619 5,067 287 144 115 188 125 188 595 307 47 6 13 174 175 75 22 763 1,289 768 1,526 1,066 875 3,317 1,613 1,712 316 109 127 1,297 728 432 95 66 47 142 132 136 743 476 306 1,028 672 594 30 15 12 12,031 7,416 6,622 4,866 2,667 1,538 74,623 49,406 34,286 219 77 75 22 Wage earners (average number). 922 981 644 44,046 35,665 29,776 2,397 2,707 1,647 87,256 60,466 42,013 2,717 1,943 2,086 1,943 801 546 2,126 9,963 7,835 129 49 76 1,308 1,573 964 318 338 336 6,274 6,800 4,502 12, 191 10, 199 8,461 18,310 14, 184 11,581 4,158 3,276 3,160 14,716 13,634 9,713 195 178 64 1,403 1,480 1,638 3,572 2,872 2,078 1,229 1,643 1,251 164 214 211 39,463 39, 110 32,226 14,968 11,333 8,214 531,011 443,409 426,986 464 316 278 Primary horse- power. Capital. Salar ries. Cost of materials. Value of products. Value added by manu- facture (value of products less cost of mate- rials). Expressed in thousands. $6, 187 4,991 2,838 $268 165 127 S464 483 292 $3,464 3,024 3,316 $6,007 6,146 4,308 114,093 88,709 60,643 5,035 3,407 2,267 21,227 16,469 12,726 36,261 19,621 17,958 83,566 50,850 44,963 17,935 14,904 7,839 942 609 312 1,291 1,264 788 9,684 6,829 4,746 15,956 • 10,893 7,351 267,844 174,066 83,660 20,193 11,091 4,632 49,381 31,842 20,679 108,666 66,837 49,458 221,309 140,809 92,434 2,324 1,287 1,322 243 132 93 1,652 1,093 949 1,205 747 784 4,610 2,965 2,720 6,231 2,249 1,490 657 217 127 1,166 461 303 2,661 705 609 6,711 2,062 1,382 2,880 18,671 9,302 204 814 309 922 3,830 2,334 1,496 7,394 6,622 3,316 16,316 10,194 393 98 101 68 11 22 96 31 45 609 96 142 921 171 282 1,449 1,211 720 168 160 63 821 1,032 643 351 376 203 2,260 2,422 1,468 193 185 231 82 42 23 259 245 206 126 60 63 711 648 614 50,168 42,307 19,466 1,134 1,797 914 4,304 3,309 2,384 22,812 17,204 10,335 40,140 29,603 17,126 15,768 9,601 6,854 1,728 1,037 739 5,096 4,080 3,023 10,361 7,537 5,943 22,632 17,594 12,896 121,537 68,917 60,686 4,406 1,934 2,126 7,477 5,127 4,186 69,522 39,288 28,968 103,960 56,541 44,657 10,413 5,866 3,858 338 170 154 1,978 1,614 1,277 1,596 1,311 1,166 5,691 4,392 3,404 39,377 22, 493 13,635 1,920 1,100 614 8,427 7,765 5,103 17,021 12,339 8,742. 34,112 28,206 18,472 527 338 137 134 59 39 127 108 33 305 229 71 754 582 218 2,209 1,543 1,086 217 141 146 579 536 507 896 769 628 2,269 1,987 1,786 5,781 3,916 2,406 710 482 259 1,489 1,128 620 3,810i 2,606 2,144 8,114 5,608 4,088 5,341 4,405 3,314 1,082 698 664 558 653 478 4,468 3,936 3,291 8,828 7,772 6,308 785 239 72 29 9 7 64 60 46 336 233 91 467 347 159 349, 152 266, 117 189,281 12,517 7,362 5,268 21,464 19,822 16,285 767,576 619,971 428,117 883,584 713,033 601,396 64,685 51,784 21,401 5,866 2,999 1,495 7,043 4,398 3,099 83,942 37,668 24, 777 125,331 61, ISO 39,837 1,514,332 1,034,135 790,741 93,795 59,703 39,318 321,521 246, 673 219,870 540,011 367, 412 363,036 1,228,475 880,514 798,454 2,688 1,516 982 255 73 79 276 156 136 1,272 625 628 2,298 1,069 1,129 432 22 50 155 311 ' Totals for 1899 and 1904 include some establishments > Includes "locomotives, not made by railroad companies, » None reported in 1904 or 1899. 3,322 2,866 4,697 107,746 84,868 69,238 22,213 17,671 11,409 158,768 105,376 43,674 4,461 2,688 2,933 4,006 1,966 1,044 1,695 7,866 3,062 649 135 105 768 1,032 616 39 45 47 28,601 29,666 19,195 8,310 5,886 4,386 64,711 47,989 38,680 7,383 6,697 4,835 17,840 21,408 7,470 216 140 26 617 347 219 1,173 949 435 1,060 873 704 1,147 600 187 853,584 775,318 670,719 55, 166 28,162 15,485 869,305 606, 165 443,086 4,995 3,543 3,505 1,290 as "copper, tin, and sheet-iron products," in 1909. and "stoves and furnaces, not including gas and oil stoves," in 1899. $2,663 2,122 993 48,295 31,229 27,006 6,271 4,064 2,606 112,743 73,972 42,976 3,305 2,218 1,936 4,060 1,357 873 1,820 8,922 4,672 312 75 140 1,899 2,046 1,265 585 588 561 17,328 12,399 6,790 12,271 10,057 6,953 34,438 17,253 15.699 4,095 3,081 2,238 17,091 15,867 9,730 449 353 147 1,373 1,218 1,157 4,304 3,102 1,944 4,370 3,836 3,017 131 114 68 116,008 93,062 73, 279 41,389 23,512 16,060 688,464 613, 102 435, 418 1,026 434 501 PEE CENT OF INCBEASE. Wage earners (aver- age num- ber). -6.0 52.3 16.7 19.5 23.8 19.4 64.3 13.1 -11.5 64.4 46.5 48.2 44.3 43.9 67.2 52.3 39.8 -6.9 52.1 9.0 142.6 46.7 225.5 49.2 -78.7 27.2 -79.7 60.1 163.3 -35.5 438.6 -39.4 -16.8 63.2 -7.1 66.0 -5.9 0.6 9.7 5.5 8.2 28.8 35.6 72.9 19.5 20.7 28.6 36.4 29.1 22.5 83.9 26.6 26.9 3.7 29.6 29.0 7.9 40.4 20.9' 52.7 9.6 178.1 29.6 167.0' -6.2 -9.6 14.2 11.3 24.4 38.2 44.7 37.2 -20.4 23.3 13.6 23.2 -23.4 1.4 34.6 118.2 0.9 21.4 23.9 42.2 32.1 38.0 104.9 53.6 19.8 3.8 39.5 10.3 47.3 13.3 117.0 -6.2 1 Value of prod- ucts. 518 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— MANUFACTURES. COMPARATIVE SUMMARY FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES: 1909, 1904, AND 1899— Continued. [See explanatory notes on the first page of this table.] Table llO— Contd. Fur goods. . JFumishing goods, men's. Tumlture and refriger- ators. Turs, dressed. Galvanizing.. XjiBS and electric fiztures and lamps and reflect- ors. Gas, illuminating and heating. Glass., Glass, cutting, staining, and ornamenting. Gloves and leather. Glucose and starch. Glue. ■-en- sus. 'Gold and silver, leaf and foil. 'Gold and silver, reducing and refining, not from the ore. •Graphite and graphite re- fining. Grease and tallow, iGrindstones Haircloth • , Hair work Hammocks , Hand stamps and stencils and brands. Hat and cap materials . Hats and caps, other than felt, straw, and wool.^ Hats, fur-felt. Hats, straw. 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1969 1904 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1909 1904 Nimi- berof estab- lish- ments. 1,241 867 734 900 647 457 3,155 2,593 1,909 93 85 92 619 405 377 1,296 1,019 877 355 463 411 377 339 394 118 140 132 66 58 61 11 11 353 300 287 14 23 26 44 250 126 158 16 14 13 361 327 360 74 65 70 494 415 644 273 216 171 68 PERSONS ENGAGED IN INDtTSTET. 16, 152 11,787 43,935 30,476 144, 140 125,093 1,472 1,324 1,689 1,457 22,906 14, 663 61,007 40,043 72,673 67, 105 11,090 9,626 12, 950 11,712 5,827 5,409 3,840 3,258 1,553 1,594 690 262 257 5,604 4,415 1,486 766 4,383 1,137 9,704 6,084 Pro- prie- tors and firm mem- bere. Salaried em- 1,717 1,245 1,022 2,657 2,286 115 109 431 334 277 71 617 504 458 427 108 106 364 306 298 148 325 316 14 19 2,539 2,149 375 363 2,618 2,615 63 87 7,609 7,617 688 605 27,091 23,666 264 262 2,508 1,172 1,141 4,431 2,597 2,149 13,031 8,642 6,751 116 110 46 216 167 52 3,614 1,749 1,294 13,516 9,406 6,904 3,575 3,040 2,268 1,111 743 476 1,138 640 659 619 553 530 352 159 62 86 36 173 95 76 96 33 16 783 481 256 85 60 60 651 126 44 39 26 21 513 280 171 114 50 720 418 643 1,763 1,367 726 Wage earners (average number) 11,927 9,370 7,758 38,482 27,185 30,322 128, 452 114, 165 90,591 1,241 1,105 836 1,447 1,256 535 18,861 12,570 11,238 37,215 30,566 22, 469 68,911 63, 969 52,818 9,362 8,379 4,914 11,354 10, 645 14,345 4,773 4,679 6,943 3,266 2,864 1,618 1,383 1,402 1,163 456 287 219 162 218 137 4, 357 3,628 2,040 1,394 706 1,167 538 3,534 863 820 272 271 339 1,651 1,606 1,470 2,367 2,414 1,371 6,201 6,594 12, 544 25,064 22,047 18,880 Primary horse- power. 2,120 1,994 907 12, 116 6,421 3,652 221,451 169, 774 119,608 2,103 1,260 1,063 1,367 1,603 409 15,862 8,444 6,991 128,360 73, 101 31,797 123, 132 91, 476 62, 943 4,897 3,973 2,098 2,889 2,726 2,166 28,257 36, 986 26,642 15,696 14,280 6,806 259 278 149 1,735 1,068 765 1,472 922 14,613 11,738 8,031 6,700 2,602 2,677 995 218 62 23 157 171 113 903 721 462 2,922 2,239 1,770 990 797 3,252 19, 245 16,630 11,843 1 Inoluded In other classlScatlons In 1904 and 1899. 799 8,814 3,482 438 6,667 2,366 ' Includes "hats, straw," in 1899 Capital. Sala- ries. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Value added by manu- facture (value of jiroducta less cost of mate- rials). Expressed in thousands. 529,249 17,990 12,484 49,009 28,044 20,576 227,134 158,986 109,267 1,672 1,296 798 4,197 2,690 1,776 36,835 28,002 15, 856 915,537 725,036 667,001 129,288 89, 389 61,424 10, 296 7,365 4,001 16,909 10, 706 9,090 - 38, 866 24,053 52,683 14,289 10,673 6,144 1,184 1,072 1,087 3,894 2,326 1,944 478 411 16, 676 10,284 7,071 4,939 1,869 903 2,281 4,716 1,132 760 344 290 308 2,439 1,915 1,736 6,183 4,266 1,744 6,275 4,185 8,394 35,734 23,258 16,701 11,538 1,427 6,036 487 $2,563 1,229 1,006 6,210 2,158 2,188 16,561 9,524 6,692 135 110 49 257 192 47 4,340 2,198 1,492 12,385 8,464 5,273 4,994 3,940 2,792 1,295 776 487 1,256 685 647 1,413 655 732 747 466 192 78 85 36 249 127 83 116 30 21 991 683 266 159 81 58 72 34 27 16 433 224 141 231 127 783 436 675 2,097 1,488 944 $7,788 5,123 3,927 15,093 8,760 9,730 65, 618 61,788 36,920 755 478 787 620 10,393 6,408 5,188 20,931 17,058 12, 436 39, 300 37,288 27,085 5,249 4,369 2,394 4,764 3,840 4,183 2,666 2,641 2,855 1,571 1,529 685 637 663 499 346 206 141 108 64 2,629 2,114 1,067 638 276 407 252 1,610 335 287 95 91 102 962 797 696 947 849 434 3,421 3,354 6,025 14,223 11,282 9,119 4.471 2,434 $31,777 21,202 14,281 49,125 26,565 23,670 108, 775 76,892 67, 406 811 5,719 4,745 1,678 20,467 11,078 7,962 52,428 37,180 20,605 32, 119 26, 146 16,731 6,246 4,845 3,636 13,208 10,001 9,483 36,899 25,519 21,580 7,525 6,186 3,767 1,518 1,476 1,604 21,984 17,538 10, 932 406 117 217 15, 543 12,369 8,762 468 264 264 1,614 6,081 728 496 311 190 243 1,127 737 663 6,380 4,217 2,798 6,308 10,907 22,109 15,975 13, 514 11,468 6,510 $55,938 37, 119 25,899 87,710 49,032 44,346 239,886 177, 795 130,634 2,391 3,216 1,400 7,338 6,419 2,471 45,057 26,660 19,821 166,814 125,146 75. 717 92,095 79,608 66,540 16, 101 13, 138 8,760 23,631 17,740 16,926 48,799 32,660 30, 927 13. 718 10,035 5,389 2; 630 2,695 2,666 23,612 18, 724 11,812 1,140 342 429 23,419 18,815 11,963 1,089 2,230 11,216 1,782 1,406 578 447 3,673 2,811 2,611 6,440 3,849 13,689 12,956 21,393 47,865 36,629 27,811 21,424 10,357 I $24, 161 15,917 11,618 38,585 22,467 20,676 131,111 100,903 73,228 1,580 1,574 1,619 1,674 793 24,590 15, 482 11,859 114,386 87,965 55, 112 69,976 63,462 9,855 8,293 5,215 10,423 7,739 7,443 11,900 7,131 9,347 6,193 1,112 1,219 1,062 1,628 1,186 880 735 225 212 7,876 6,446 3,201 1,220 624 826 5,135 1,054 910 267 257 237 2,546 2,074 1,948 2,866 2,223 1,051 6,648 10,486 25, 756 20, 654 14,297 9,956 4,847 PEK CENT OF INCRBASE. Wage earners (aver- age num- ber). 27.3 20.8 Value of prod- ucts. 60.7 43.3 41.6 -10.3 78.9 10.6 12.5 26.0 34.9 36.1 12.3 32.3 -25.7 129.7 15.2 134.8 14.3 169.8 60.0 11.9 69.6 34.0 21.8 36.1 33.3 65.3 7.7 21.1 16.7 40.8 11.7 70.5 22.6 50.1 6.7 -25.8 33.2 4.8 2.0 -21.3 49 5 5.6 14.0 77.0 36.7 86.2 -1.4 20.6 -2.4 1.1 68.9 31.0 26.1 68.5 -26.7 59.1 ■233.3 -20.3 20.1 77.8 24.5 57.4 91.4 -39.6 114.2 -27.6 309.5 6.2 529.4 26.7 0.4 -20.1 29.3 -6.9 9.6 2.4 30.7 7.7 -1.9 76.1 27.9 67.3 -6.0 -47.4 6.7 -39.4 13.7 16.8 30.7 31.7 58.3 106.9 ' Included in "hats and caps, other than felt, straw, and wool," in 1899. STATES, CITIES, AND INDUSTRIES. 519 COMPARATIVE SUMMARY FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES: 1909, 1904, AND 1899— Continued. [See explanatory notes on the first page of this table.] Table llO— Contd. Hones and whetstones. . Horseshoes, not made in steel works or rolling mills. Hosiery and knit goods. . House-furnishing goods, not elsewhere specified. Ice, manufactured. Ink, printing. . Ink, writing.. InatrumentSjprofeasional and soientifle. Iron and steel, blast fur- naces. Iron and steel, steel works and rolling mills. Iron and steel,bolts, nuts, washers,and rivets, not made in steel works or rolling mills. Iron and steel, doors and shutters. Iron and steel forgings. . Iron and steel, nails and spikes, cut and wrought, including wire nails, not made in steel works or rolling mills. Iron and steel pipe, wrought. Jewelry . .Tewelry and instrument Kaolin and ground earths Labels and tags . Lapidary work. . Lard, refined, not made in slaughtering and meat- packing establishments. Lasts Lead, bar, pipe, and sheet. Jjeather goods Cen- sus. 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. 1,374 1,144 i,ooe 200 237 209 2,004 1,320 775 60 47 42 44 263 225 261 190 223 446 415 445 29 24 13 172 138 90 57 76 102 28 27 19 1,537 1,023 851 120 97 63 119 131 145 96 67 47 77 54 60 7 9 19 60 55 05 33 32 34 2,375 1,918 1,568 PERSONS ENaAGED IN INDUSTBY. Total. 173 251 360 273 136,130 109, 489 6,916 5,555 21,107 13, 179 1,854 1,117 824 607 6,175 4,145 43,061 37, 335 260, 762 221,956 12, 395 8,771 1,816 811 9,193 6,347 3,239 4,147 7,309 5,723 36, 992 26,119 2,441 1,923 2,351 2,501 2,880 1,610 515 528 2,029 1,453 1.044 834 43,525 40,508 Pro- prie- tors and firm mem- bers. 1,134 1,067 236 234 222 200 1,846 1,436 139 126 Salaried em- 2, .552 2,148 19 19 60 40 18 5,721 4,330 2,831 773 643 684 3,927 2,332 1,531 695 361 263 282 141 148 1,136 608 4,584 2,231 1,757 20,639 14, 330 7,454 1,012 632 420 197 93 20 935 606 322 432 406 431 475 296 193 4,799 2,603 1,806 232 121 52 Wage earners number). 253 232 482 197 169 102 43 110 77 54 264 186 97 234 177 151 6,066 4,171 3,207 152 220 189 293 232 231 129,275 104,092 83,691 4,907 4,778 5,212 16,114 10,101 1,121 711 503 505 430 286 4,817 3,437 2,775 38,429 36,078 39, 241 240,076 207,562 183, 249 11,345 8,090 7,660 1,601 699 117 8,168 6,666 4,688 2,765 3,681 4,477 6,817 5,416 5,636 30, 347 22, 080 20, 468 2,070 1,676 819 1,990 2,167 2,094 2,313 1,348 754 627 507 399 441 499 1,728 1,208 1,131 802 646 606 34,907 34, 189 29,274 Primary horse- power. 677 684 693 1,045 1,014 645 103,709 78,769 67, 346 9,328 8,748 8,531 317, 789 191,660 100, 421 5,857 3,384 1,896 224 359 4,866 2,110 2,471 1,173,422 773,278 497, 272 2, 100, 978 1,649,299 1,100,801 22, 113 13,825 9,165 1,997 969 223 27,803 16,069 7,697 7,723 10,533 12,853 20, 656 15,094 11,717 11,204 7,872 6,656 527 359 208 20,920 17, 325 18,404 1,589 919 392 679 654 212 723 698 714 3,386 2,865 1,961 3,179 2,487 2,007 28,148 16,257 10,947 Capital. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Value added by manu- facture (value of products less cost of mate- rials). Expressed in thousands. $382 423 217 1,396 1,227 163, 641 106.943 82,066 12, 784 9,872 10,634 118,641 66,592 38,020 7,144 4,610 2,945 2,114 1,287 877 11, 724 5,383 • 4,476 487,581 236, 146 143, 169 1,004,736 700, 182 430, 232 30,250 18, 913 10,800 3,045 1,120 262 27, 765 28,246 9,676 8,742 10, 751 22,266 13,053 18, 344 63, 811 39, 679 27,872 1,841 1,438 548 13, 226 10, 196 12, 212 3,857 2,118 848 ■2 384 3 087 1,434 1,163 1,336 3,061 2,009 1,486 20,587 5,015 3,949 69,814 60,919 33,895 $6 20 6 S72 94 73 99 54 36 166 127 117 7,691 4,455 3,138 44,740 31,615 24,434 1,007 582 628 2,035 1,880 1,838 3,868 , 2,001 1,226 9,779 5,549 3,403 1,092 630 345 773 475 298 376 191 134 203 170 114 1,233 532 402 2,925 1,823 1,429 6,525 2,891 2,304 24,607 18, 935 18,484 26, 191 17,860 9,433 163,201 122, 492 102, 336 1,373 912 571 5,793 3,642 2,992 224 117 19 874 407 86 1,300 824 411 5,003 3,428 2,559 562 454 444 1,353 1,684 2,042 667 369 266 3,963 2,473 2,496 5,838 2,939 1,842 18,358 12,593 10,644 232 107 35 954 624 323 417 329 267 897 899 821 541 258 120 1,123 609 289 195 109 61 889 657 499 108 108 80 180 219 238 412 223 108 1,203 798 660 360 239 202 510 405 322 6,701 4,148 2,829 17, 921 15,707 11, 892 $110 103 64 366 266 211 110,241 76, 789 51,195 12,371 9,627 9,198 11,317 6,011 3,312 4,175 2,613 1,536 1,078 858 573 2,918 1,350 1,363 320, 638 178, 942 131,604 657,501 441,204 390, 895 12,804 7,807 8,071 1,283 602 116 10,240 5,752 5,213 3,972 4,686 8,562 22,942 12, 747 15,624 36,675 24,177 22,235 1,221 843 436 2,042 1,869 1,651 1,910 957 6,660 6,224 4,656 9,631 6,640 7,497 1,324 768 627 7,412 7,910 6,280 60,027 44, 435 33, 195 1,015 799 498 200, 143 137,076 95,834 18,609 16,011 14,278 42,953 23,790 13,781 8,865 5,774 3,080 2,506 1,881 1,293 10,604 5,378 4,863 391, 429 231,823 206, 757 985, 723 673, 965 597, 212 24,485 14,687 13,978 3,006 1,477 320 20,293 12, 110 10, 438 8,192 8,923 14,777 30,886 17,401 21,292 80,350 63, 226 46, 129 3,116 2,292 1,167 4,681 4,439 3,722 4,670 2,462 1,105 9,173 7,647 5,786 10,326 6,129 8,631 4,169 2,520 1,880 9,145 9,277 7,478 104,719 82, 121 60,414 $158 205 132 659 643 287 89,902 60,287 44,639 6,138 5,384 5,080 31,636 17, 779 10,469 4,690 3,161 1,644 1,427 1,023 720 7,686 4,028 3,490 70, 791 62,881 75,253 328, 222 232, 761 206, 317 11, 681 6,880 5,907 1,723 875 204 10, 053 6,358 5,225 4,220 4,237 6,215 7,944 4,654 5,768 43, 675 29,049 23,894 1,895 1,449 721 2,639 2,570 2,071 2,760 1,505 717 2,613 1,423 1,130 696 489 1,134 2,835 1,762 1,353 1,733 1,367 1,198 44,692 37, 686 27,219 PEE CENT OF INCREASE. Wage eamera (aver- age num- ber). -30.9 16.4 26.3 0.4 24.2 24.4 2.7 -8.3 59.5 46.8 57.7 41.4 17.4 50.9 40.2 23.9 9.6 —10.6 15.7 13.3 40.2 5.6 129.0 497.4 44.2 20.8 -24.9 -17.8 25.9 -2.2 37.4 7.9 23.5 104.6 -7.7 3.0 71.6 78.8 23.7 1.8 -9.5 -11.6 43.0 6.8 24.3 6.8 2.1 16.8 Value of prod- ucts. -13.0 57.1 -27.0 60.4 46.0 43.0 23.3 6.1 80.6 72.6 53.5 87.6 33.2 45.5 95.3 10.8 68.8 12.1 46.3 12.9 66.7 5.1 103.5 361.6 67.6 16.0 -8.2 -39.6 77.5 -18.3 61.0 15.4 36.0 98.1 5.5 19.3 89.7 122.8 20.0 32.2 68.6 -29.0 65.0 34.0 -1.4 24.1 27.5 35.9 520 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— MANUFACTURES. COMPARATIVE SUMMARY FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES: 1909, 1904, AND 1899— Continued. [See explanatory notes on the first page of this table.] Table llO— Contd. Leather, tanned, curried, and finished. Lime' Liquors, distilled. Liquors, malt Liquors, vinous.. Locomotives, not made by railroad companies.' Looking-glass and pic- ture frames. Lumber and timber prod- ucts. Malt. Marble and stone work s. Matches.. Mats and matting Mattresses and spring beds Millinery and lace goods. . Mineral and soda waters. . Mirrors.. Models and patterns, not including paper pat- terns. Moving pictures Mucilage and paste.. Musical instruments and materials, not specified. Musical instruments, pianos and organs and materials. Needles, pins, and hooks and eyes. Oakum . Oil, castor. Oil, cottonseed, and cake. Cen- sus. 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1908 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1909 1904 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1909 1904 1899 Num- ber Of estab- lish- ments. 919 1,049 1,'306 853 526 965 1,414 1,530 1,507 290 435 369 16 16 437 442 362 40,671 25, 153 28, 133 114 141 146 4,964 2,608 2,952 26 23 22 12 12 930 716 589 1,579 860 591 4,916 3,468 2,763 148 119 103 709 547 530 127 111 116 187 181 507 444 390 49 46 52 6 6 7 4 4 817 716 369 PERSONS ENGAGED IN INDUSTRY. Total. 67, 100 61,602 15, 059 12,383 8,328 7,239 66,726 68,068 2,726 2,801 16,945 26,979 7,470 8,076 784,989 593,342 2,237 2,594 77,276 57,866 1,040 14,109 12,438 46,301 31, 417 22,060 16, 554 3,509 3,068 5,450 3, 678 718 901 728 2,269 2,554 187 190 41,882 36,106 297 303 4,978 4,196 27 31 129 168 7 5 70 57 - 4 21,273 18,832 110 63 Pro- prie- tors and firm mem- bers. Salaried em- ployees. 784 1,113 794 500 563 794 639 876 236 396 431 467 48,826 30,738 6,026 3,300 757 1,934 1,163 5,743 4,099 131 117 840 108 100 4,114 3,251 2,442 731 1,406 1,335 1,080 661 11,507 9,055 7,146 679 492 34^ 2,029 1,164 1,018 984 884 41,145 30, 038 20,940 425 444 290 5,646 3,456 2,606 643 176 85 58 42 1,918 1,254 851 5,166 2,754 1,692 3,170 1,576 1,423 302 439 242 118 207 265 168 166 260 226 158 3,565 2,722 1,518 313 200 135 4,092 3,229 1,509 1 Wage earners (average number). 62,202 57, 239 62. 109 13,897 11,162 19,086 6,430 6,365 3,720 64,679 48, 137 39,459 1,911 1,913 1,163 14,909 24,806 6,021 6,625 6,039 696,019 632,566 508,766 1,7&) 2,054 1,990 66,603 51. 110 41,686 3,631 3,186 2,047 937 625 1,197 11,322 10,427 7,649 39,201 27,500 16,871 13,147 10,879 8,788 2,994 2,649 2,665 4,171 2,780 2,607 506 538 470 468 1,822 2,139 2,405 38,020 33,081 21,309 4,638 3,965 2,653 113 142 171 54 43 49 17,071 16. 540 11,007 Primary horse- power. 148, 140 117,450 88,860 27,671 18, 198 93,640 46, 120 42,349 31,427 347,726 266, 159 197,901 6,771 6,713 3,416 . 35, 102 29,806 6, 3.30 4.663 3; 357 2,840,082 1,886,624 1,658,594 26,441 20,288 13, 834 187,686 102,887 83,119 6,224 3,539 2,666 1,433 1,624 1,733 ■ 17,689 13, 220 7,980 7,918 4,737 1,852 19,392 12,214 8,037 3,862 2,795 2,333 4,358 3,021 486 2,335 1,505 1,426 1,423 1,603 1,417 41,623 30, 134 20,789 4,542 2,440 2,103 367 375 386 600 260 Capital. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Value added by manu- facture (value of products less cost of mate- rials). Expressed in thousands. 1 Includes "cement" and "wall plaster" in ] 192, 342 150, 246 73, 071 s Included in "foundry and machine-shop products" in 1899 $332,727 242,684 173,977 to, 744 4,452 3,169 32.520 22,596 48,787 1,080 703 1,416 72,450 50,101 32,640 1,988 1,393 890 671,158 616,630 413,707 22,804 17,316 13,038 27,908 17,776 9,838 863 573 365 52,060 38,421 2,297 1,676 9,058 7,634 6,600 1,119 955 789 1,176,675 733,708 541, .695 47,428 31,737 18,716 60,286 47,9.34 39,288 884 747 471 114,842 79,170 52,982 6,386 4,000 2,440 11,963 5,334 3,893 723 178 87 4,051 839 994 95 67 31 23,735 14,514 7,999 2,039 1,263 770 36,706 17,850 10,766 6,381 2,296 1,393 42,305 28,093 19,727 2,846 1,393 1,161 4,890 3,859 3,184 450 332 277 5,676 2,896 2,260 490 238 113 19,428 396 2,717 2,430 1,220 353 166 156 3,298 3,743 3,896 343 252 142 103,234 68,482 43,810 6,552 3,728 2,015 6,705 5,332 4,618 393 253 147 342 488 416 14 14 17 1,038 625 639 27 27 17 91,086 73,770 34,461 4,295 3,062 1,579 $32, 103 27, 049 22,591 5,980 4,697 7,741 3,074 2,657 1,733 41,206 34,541 25,776 972 1,002 446 8,914 16,798 3,261 3,316 2,650 318.739 245, 834 188,395 1,348 1,457 1,183 42,546 31,899 22,843 1,390 1,101 613 385 . 249 ' 237 5,771 4,816 3,102 16,308 10,307 5,818 6,902 5,488 4,080 1,763 1,375 1,232 2,929 1,788 1,565 336 286 237 193 992 1,162 1,232 22,762 18,527 11,543 2,064 1,696 1,067 42 49 51 32 28 5,836 4,838 3,143 $248, 279 191,179 155,000 6,731 5,437 11,040 35,977 25,626 15,145 96,596 74,907 61,598 6,626 6,693 3,689 15,060 27, 703 5.626 4,976 4,729 508, 118 360, 326 364, 964 30,464 23,621 14,817 37,397 26,569 21,646 4,599 3,286 3,421 1,067 574 516 20,483 15,326 10,227 45,040 26,259 15,654 16,466 10,002 8,566 5,906 4,687 4,996 2,876 922 826 2,192 3,283 2,301 1,613 890 1,130 1,206 43, 765 27,987 17,371 2,329 1,584 1,228 232 241 284 661 487 293 119,833 80, 030 45, 166 $327,874 252, 621 204,0.38 17,952 14,751 28,674 204.699 13i;270 96,794 374,730 298, .346 236,916 13,121 11,098 6,547 31,583 59,652 13,475 13, 270 10,847 1,156.129 884,267 760,992 38,252 30,289 19,374 113,093 84,844 63,667 11,363 6,647 6,006 2,432 1,243 1,166 36,783 27, 766 17,966 85,894 50, 778 29,469 43,508 30,251 23,269 9,571 7,605 8,004 4,645 3,834 4,206 4,918 3,656 2,556 3,228 3,482 3,396 89,790 66,093 41,024 6,694 4,751 3,238 338 361 440 905 643 395 147, 868 96,408 68,727 $79, 695 61,442 49,038 11,221 9,314 17,634 168,722 105, 644 81, 649 278, 134 223,439 186,317 6,495 5,405 2,858 16,522 31,849 7,950 8,295 6,118 648,011 523,942 396,028 7,788 6,668 4,657 75, 696 68, 275 42,121 6,754 2,362 2,685 1,365 669 649 15,300 12,429 7,729 40,864 24,619 13,816 27,042 20,249 14,704 3,666 3,018 3,008 6,992 3,623 3,009 2,014 1,635 1,255 943 2,338 2,352 2,190 46,025 38, 106 33,053 4,365 3,167 2,010 106 120 166 244 166 102 28, 035 16,378 13,661 PEE CENT OF INCEEASE. Wage earners (aver- age num- ber). 8.7 9.« 24.6 -41.6 21.7 -48.6 20.1 44.0 55.9 35.6 13.4 22.0 25.6 25.9 -0.1 64.6 18.2 69.5 -39.9 -47.0 -9.1 9.9 1.5 22.3 30.6 4.7 30.7 16.2 -14.3 3.2 28.4 22.6 26.3 66.3 33.3 33.3 14.0 66.6 101.0 -6.0 49.9 -47.8 95.7 6.7 8.6 36.3 28.9 64.6 42.6 63.0 69.2 72.3 .20.8 23.8 43.8 30.0 13.0 3.7 26.9 -6.0 50.0 6.6 96.1 18. £ 14.6 2.6 38.3 39.1 -14.8 -11.1 -7.3 2.0 14.9 56.2 35.9 61. !■ 17.0 49.5 40.9 46.7 -20.4 -17.0 -6.4 -18.0 25.6 -12.2 40.7 62.8 9.9 41.2 53.4 64.2 s Includes "artificial stone" in 1899. STATES, CITIES, AND INDUSTRIES. 521 COMPARATIVE SUMMARY FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES: 1909, 1904, AND 1899— Continued. ISee explanatory notes on the first page of this table.] Table llO—Contd. Oil, essentiaJ. Oil, linseed . Oil, not elsewhere speci- fied. Oilcloth and linoleum. Oleomargarine Optical goods Faint and varnish. Paper and wood pulp. . . Paper goods, not else- where specified. Paper patterns. Patent medicines and compounds and drug- gists' preparations. Paving materials Peanuts, grading, roast- ing, cleaning, and shell- ing. 1 Pencils, lead Cen- sus. Pens, fountain, stylo- graphic, and gold. Pens, steel . Petroleum, refining. Phonographs and graph- ophones. Photographic apparatus and materials. Photo-engraving . Pipes, tobacco. Pottery, terra-cotta, and fire-clay products. Printing and publishing . . Pulp goods. 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1909 1904 1909 1904 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1909 1904 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1909 1904 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. 52 47 29 30 48 189 186 201 31 27 27 12 14 24 217 122 91 791 639 600 777 761 763 403 308 246 27 26 15 3,642 2,777 2,154 49 54 11 8 7 65 49 45 5 5 3 147 18 14 11 103 130 153 313 223 203 62 68 98 822 873 1,000 31,445 27, 793 23,814 14 17 22 PERSONS ENGAGED IN INDUSTRY. Total. 408 237 1,753 1,618 3,144 2,116 5,557 4,112 773 730 7,809 4,742 21, 896 16,480 81,473 70,061 22,386 16,696 1,755 1,790 41,101 32,248 1,731 2,106 2.177 1,490 4,513 3,351 1,820 1,196 765 736 16, 640 18,768 6,928 3,940 6,696 6,041 7,277 5,071 3,090 2,111 61,022 66,730 388,466 316,047 759 Pro- prie- tors and firm mem- bers. Salaried em- ployees. 73 13 118 148 456 439 250 309 228 236 2,802 2,293 233 227 452 650 30,424 28,368 45 37 39 292 156 .286 1,311 663 810 345 217 163 166 206 394 1,248 316 375 7,200 4,408 3,710 5,246 3,778 2,935 2,946 1,734 1,092 812 693 92 16,404 9,483 8,094 281 157 173 193 116 375 283 81 544 224 146 56 72 13 2,669 1,974 1,201 727 537 144 1,342 1,165 469 1,701 968 246 82 120 4,402 3,752 2,777 99,608 68,592 40,685 Wage earners (average number). 132 168 1,462 1,349 1,328 1,715 "1,305 1,466 5,201 3,883 3,230 622 1,084 6,398 4,330 3,716 14,240 11,633 9,697 76, 978 65,964 49,646 19,211 14, 726 9,727 921 1,082 835 22,895 20, 472 19,028 1,419 1,919 2,436 1,949 1,.?56 4,134 3,065 2,162 1,225 933 696 663 473 13,929 16,770 12,199 6,199 3,397 1,267 5,195 3,812 3,444 5,343 3,876 2,691 2,775 1,947 1,685 66,168 62,428 43,714 258, 434 219,087 196,260 783 696 691 Primary horse- power. 1,218 849 1,048 13,211 9,473 8,491 6,772 6,207 3,432 16,125 10, 112 7,661 2,408 1,660 1,366 5,725 3,410 2,544 56, 162 41,288 30,443 1,304,266 1,093,708 762, 118 27,067 16,226 10,421 751 38 26,659 17,008 12,707 5,757 6,166 34,397 2,827 1,602 3,448 2,625 1,360 569 349 627 244 294 138 90,268 46,019 36,127 6,371 2,622 1,082 8,637 5,061 3,412 2,638 1,925 1,040 1,506 1,058 855 110,017 104,918 75,802 297,763 166,380 119, 776 3,125 2,368 1,314 Capital. Sala- ries. Cost of materials. Value of products. Value added by manu- facture (value of products less cost of mate- rials). Expressed in thousands. $1,365 723 576 J61 40 25 J123 70 61 18,932 9,850 16,461 740 423 446 893 786 693 18,441 11,229 9,889 1,923 882 991 1,060 762 738 19,634 13,803 8,879 649 361 295 2,826 1,944 1,628 3,658 1,551 3,024 276 253 412 413 316 534 10,147 5,381 4,212 1,167 427 287 3,394 1,923 1,699 103,996 76,486 60,053 10,378 6,677 5,017 8,271 6,264 4,926 409,348 277,444 167, 508 9,610 6,097 4,601 40, 805 32, 019 20,746 48,662 27,345 18, 162 3,701 1,993 1,342 8,169 5,677 3,668 4,678 2,237 266 676 490 72 407 445 262 99,942 76, 007 56,173 17,007 9,975 8,265 9,897 7,913 6,910 11,410 6,218 13,464 373 197 184 7.50 953 1,144 3,646 1,169 209 122 361 205 7,867 4,981 2,227 697- 396 112 1,712 1,059 683 3,121 1,645 1,087 554 198 148 712 633 371 804 576 367 86 60 21 230 205 138 181,916 136,281 96,328 3,929 2,724 1,811 9,830 9,989 6,717 14,363 8,741 3,348 945 666 179 2,841 1,684 608 18,918 7,720 6,618 1,462 1,109 453 3,037 1,796 1,443 5,474 4,071 1,994 1,849 934 450 4,760 2,916 1,760 3,528 1,256 1,111 283 81 109 1,255 831 738 141,360 110,926 65,952 6,813 4,628 3,012 29,763 26,178 17,692 588,346 432,854 333,003 103,458 67,748 39,475 164, 628 127, 196 99,816 2,680 3,198 2,317 124 83 92 377 284 284 $1,255 1,111 31,035 23, 163 21,407 14,438 10, 975 15,560 10,060 7,550 6,497 4,398 7,640 4,187 2,320 2,101 79,016 59, 827 44,739 165,442 111,252 70, 530 31,249 19, 645 14,191 646 337 125 60,376 39, 494 31,950 3,478 2,666 1,582 8,612 6,324 3,596 1,804 1,0.31 2,246 1,166 664 96 103 52 199,273 139, 387 102,869 3,099 4,161 6,708 4,162 3,378 2,134 1,303 725 2,459 1,354 1,106 21,911 16,591 11,915 201,775 142,514 103,654 971 719 647 $1, 737 1,465 813 36, 739 27,677 27, 184 30, 865 22,923 18,612 23,339 14, 792 11,403 8,148 5,674 12,600 11,735 6,117 5,211 124, 889 90, 840 69, 562 267,657 188, 715 127, 326 66,171 33,946 24,366 2,611 2,265 662 141,942 117,436 88,791 6,229 5,033 3,936 9,737 7,261 7,379 4,426 2,222 4,739 2,774 1,706 577 474 294 236,998 175,005 123,929 11,726 10, 237 2,246 22,661 13,023 7,799 11,624 7,268 4,190 5,312 2,834 2,472 76, 119 64,201 44,263 737,876 552,473 396,187 1,770 1,467 1,267 $482 354 224 5,704 4,424 2,788 9,458 8,485 7,637 7,789 4,742 3,863 1,651 1,176 4,860 7,648 3,79/ 3,110 45,873 31,013 24,823 102, 215 77,463 66, 796 23,922 14, 301 10, 164 1,965 1,928 437 91,566 77,942 66,841 2,7.51 2,367 2,354 1,126 937 3,783 2.622 i;i91 2,493 1,608 1,042 371 242 37,725 36, 618 21,070 8,627 6,076 1,418 15,853 8,861 4,421 9,490 6,965 3,465 2,853 1,480 1,366 54,208 47,610 32,348 536,101 409,969 291,533 799 748 620 PEE CENT OF INCEEASE. Wage earners (aver- age num- ber). 119.7 -21.4 7.6 1.6 31.4 -10.4 33.9 20.2 16.1 -51.8 47.8 16.6 22.4 20.0 16.2 32.9 30.5 51.4 -14 9 29.6 11.8 7.6 -26.1 -21.2 43.7 34 9 41.8 31.3 34 1 5.4 40.2 -16.9 37 4 53.0 168.1 36.3 10.7 37.8 44.0 42.5 22.8 7.1 19.9 18.0 12.2 Value of prod- ucts. 18.6 80.2 33.2 1.4 34.6 23.2 67.8 29.7 46.2 -55.4 91.8 17.4 37.6 30.6 41.8 48.2 62.5 39.4 15.3 303.0 20.9 32.3 23.8 27.9 34.1 66.7 99.2 70.8 62.6 21.7 61.2 35.4 41.2 14 5 356.8 73.2 67.0 69.9 73.5 87.4 14.6 18.6 4.5.0 33.6 12.6 0.7 20.7 15.8 i Included in "coffee and spice, roasting and grinding," in 1899. 522 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— MANUFACTURES. COMPARATIVE SUMMARY FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES: 1909, 1904, AND 1899— Continued. [See explanatory notes on the first page of this table.] Table 110— Contd. INDUSTRY. Pumps, not including steam pumps. Rice, cleaning and pol- ishing. iloofing materials. Uubber goods, not else- where specified. Rules, ivory and wood . . Safes and vaults Salt. Sand and emery paper and cloth. Saws . Scales and balances. Screws, machine. Screws, wood. Sewing machines, cases, and attachments. Shipbuilding, including boat building. Shoddy. Showcases. Signs and advertising novelties.i Silk and silk goods, in- cluding throwsters. Silverware and plated ware. Slaughtering and meat Smelting and refining, copper. Smelting and refining, lead. Smelting and refining, zinc. Smelting and refining, not from the ore. Cen- sus. 904 .904 .904 Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. 102 115 130 71 74 117 307 267 227 224 261 13 11 42 31 35 124 146 10 47 54 64 1,353 1,097 1,107 97 105 149 141 102 288 852 624 483 183 158 169 1,641 1,221 1,080 38 40 47 28 32 39 29 31 31 PERSONS ENGAGED IN INDUSTRY. Total. 2,623 1,721 1,777 1,961 3,630 10, 162 31,284 23, 651 127 177 4,060 3,918 5,580 5,171 779 356 5,757 5,301 4,275 3,641 1.883 2,189 3,7.58 1,647 20,556 18,064 44,949 54,424 2,320 2,371 3,943 3,522 7,277 105,238 84, 153 18,774 16,305 108,716 88,819 16,832 13,662 8,059 8,102 7,156 6,884 2,596 1,994 Pro- prie- tors and firm mem- bers. Salaried em- ployees. 87 113 46 314 102 103 1,463 1,190 110 154 135 664 625 114 120 1,659 1,324 400 204 95 600 436 169 1,019 1,029 695 4,661 2,364 1,825 15 14 709 415 272 570 418 406 159 40 63 841 576 312 672 431 305 164 209 108 293 158 139 1,246 924 704 2,980 2,480 1,405 198 172 139 399 305 106 1,526 6,537 4,027 2,657 2,050 1,324 1,129 17,329 12,096 10,317 1,197 809 488 635 624 425 354 208 376 225 203 Wage earners number). 2,136 1,404 632 1,239 1,492 651 2,465 8,819 7,593 26, 521 21,184 20,404 109 149 213 3,343 3,488 2,033 4,936 4,666 4,774 611 305 274 4,832 4,650 3,215 3,569 3,133 2,775 1,667 1,965 1,657 3,464 1,488 1,970 19,296 17, 121 13,365 40,506 60,754 46, 747 2,041 2,089 1,926 3,390 3,082 1,363 5,640 99,037 79,601 65,416 16,610 14,861 12,205 89,728 75,399 69,264 15,628 12,752 11,324 7,424 7,573 8,319 6,655 ' 6,628 4,869 2,147 1,712 983 Primary horse- power. 4,214 2,569 1,246 19, 519 15, 866 7,546 9,431 23,022 18,217 79,062 48,381 40,835 167 318 303 5,546 4,090 2,209 27, 263 19,434 23,865 3,351 1,133 11,852 7,491 5,493 6,183 3,251 2,466 3,319 3,201 1,407 5,618 3,7l5 3,490 19,426 17, 162 10,069 88,063 78, 127 61, 797 13,820 12,244 11, 455 4,746 4,087 1,232 3,790 97,947 71,760 67,397 15,183 12,873 8,486 208,707 119-,31] 87,060 158, 126 76,524 61,630 26,954 25,667 16,342 21,457 18,404 11,145 10,705 17,111 8,633 1 Included In other classifications in 1904 and 1899. Capital. Sala- ries. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Value added by manu- facture (value of products less cost of mate- rials). Expressed in thousands. J6,018 3,230 1,261 1420 216 84 13,347 8,821 2,601 613 549 182 15,349 16,925 10,814 1,381 1,162 663 98,507 46,298 39,302 5,406 2,867 2,216 104 253 203 11 15 12 8,944 7,326 6,480 1,058 723 283 29,012 26,686 27, 123 719 487 500 4,400 1,206 1,372 210 78 98 14,865 11,288 8,509 966 623 329 10,183 8,513 6,308 815 477 297 3,728 4,133 2,467 199 244 126 9,570 5,969 5,465 375 193 169 33,104 32,583 20,804 1,423 1,162 933 126,118 121,624 77,341 4,035 3,340 2,007 6,887 5,804 5,273 290 245 167 5,369 3,143 1,163 505 330 88 9,647 1,476 152,158 109,657 81,082 7,527 4,742 3,134 46,759 37,732 30,628 2,745 1,730 1,467 383,249 240,419 190,209 20,054 13,453 10,211 111,443 76,825 53,063 2,419 1,527 955 132,310 63,823 72,149 1,476 888 755 27,760 23,702 14,142 993 581 440 13,834 9,807 5,201 570 354 229 SI. 258 719 247 564 641 1,339 4,008 3,072 14,120 9,412 51 55 67 2,072 2,162 1,017 2,631 2,066 1,911 370 183 144 2,866 2,707 1,693 2,188 1,755 1,437 970 942 703 1,454 556 721 11,102 9,493 7,331 25,268 29,241 24,825 907 836 749 2,017 1,681 708 3,105 38,570 26,768 20,982 10,282 8,626 6,531 51,645 41,067 33,846 13,396 10,827 8,529 5,431 5,375 5,089 4,210 3,866 2,356 1,281 995 532 $2,487 1,193 19, 501 13, 315 7,576 12, 458 10, 842 6,886 82, 192 38,912 31 55 73 3,443 3,211 1,689 5,203 4,166 2,382 1,065 681 4,912 4,036 2,600 2,704 1,633 1,633 1,160 951 797 2,309 732 923 11,455 10,701 9,468 31,214 37,463 33,475 5,001 6,056 4,875 3,140 2,374 1,058 4,709 107,767 75,861 62,407 18,332 14,459 11,659 1,202,828 811,426 685,310 333,532 196,737 122, 174 151,963 168,958 144, 195 25,230 17,028 13,286 23,162 13,760 5,900 55, 683 2,863 1,342 22, 371 16,297 8,724 19,204 19, 871 13,691 128, 436 62, 996 52,622 144 249 208 8,491 7,861 3,928 11,328 9,438 7,967 4,368 1,477 1,176 11,536 9,820 6,444 6,003 5,240 3,014 2,712 2,059 6,199 2,134 2,600 28,262 26,142 21,125 73,360 82,769 74,532 7,446 8,406 6,731 7,167 5,722 2,468 13,546 196,912 133,288 107,256 42,229 32,840 26, 114 1,370,568 922,038 788,368 378,806 240,780 165, 132 167,406 185,827 175,466 34,206 24,791 18,188 28,072 17,403 7,785 $3,096 1,660 704 2,870 2,982 1,148 6,746 9,029 6,805 46,244 24,084 19,140 113 194 135 5,048 4,650 2,239 6,126 8,272 4,631 1,976 422 495 6,624 5,784 3,844 6,082 4,370 3,707 1,854 1,761 1,262 3,890 1,402 1,677 16,807 15,441 11,667 42, 146 45,306 41,057 2,445 2,350 1,856 4,027 3,348 1,410 8,837 89, 145 67,427 44,849 23,897 18,381 14,455 167,740 110,612 103,058 45,274 44,043 42,958 15,443 16,869 31,271 8,976 7,763 4,902 4,910 3,643 1,885 PER CENT OP INCREASE. earners (aver- age num- ber). 52.1 122.2 Value of prod- ucts. 95.7 112.6 -17.0 129.2 37.3 86.8 -72.0 16.1 -3.4 45.1 25.2 3.8 103.9 19.7 -26.8 -30.0 -42.2 19.7 -4.2 71.6 8.0 100.1 5.8 -2.3 20.0 18.5 100.3 11.3 195.1 25.6 3.9 44.6 17.5 52.4 13.6 12.9 46.4 14.6 -15.2 26.2 11.1 31.7 132.8 -24.6 190.5 -17.9 12.7 28.1 8.1 23.7 -20.2 8.6 -11.4 11.1 -2.3 8.5 -11.4 24.9 10.0 126.1 25.3 131.8 24.4 21.7 47.7 24.3 11.8 21.8 28.6 25.8 19.0 8.9 48.6 17.0 22.6 12.6 57.3 46.8 -2.0 -9.0 -9.9 5.9 1.9 34.1 38.0 36.3 25.4 74.2 61.3 123.5 STATES, CITIES, AND INDUSTRIES. 523 COMPARATIVE SUMMARY FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES: 1909, 1904, AND 1899— Continued, [See explanatory notes on the first page of this table.] Table llO— Contd. Boap> Soda-water apparatus Sporting and athletic 1909 180 goods. 1904 152 1899 143 Cen- sus. 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. Springs, steel, carriage. car and Stationery goods, not elsewhere specified. Statuary and art goods ^ Steam packing. Stereotyping and electro- typing. Stoves and furnaces, in- cluding gas and oil stoves." Sugar and molasses, not including beet sugar.* Sulphuric, nitric, and mixed acids.' Surgical appliances and artificialhmbs. Tin plate and temeplate Tin foil . Tobacco manufactures. . . Toys and games. Turpentine and rosin.. . Type founding and print- ing materials. Typewriters and supplies Umbrellas and canes. Upholstering materials. Vault lights and ventila- tors. Vinegar and cider. Wallpaper. 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1889 1909 1904 1909 1904 1899 1909 1901 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 54 62 48 153 143 113 194 135 153 106 97 174 146 140 676 494 233 344 657 42 32 324 284 306 31 36 S7 10 14 15 15,822 16,827 14,969 226 161 169 1,585 1,287 1,503 122 98 92 66 47 266 204 202 230 236 270 37 24 14 963 568 613 45 44 51 PERSONS ENGAGED IN INDUSTRY. Total. 18,393 14,501 2,399 1,829 6,993 4,757 3,573 2,774 7,938 6,095 Pro- prie- tors and firm mem- bers. Salaried em- ployees 2,172 1,812 4,968 3,240 3,661 3,301 42, 921 37,292 15,658 15, 799 2,682 2,757 6,805 4,049 5,846 5,132 762 847 197, 637 187,652 6,072 4,792 44,524 37, 526 2,697 2,265 12, 101 7,509 6,505 6,155 4,777 5,405 453 278 3,073 2,514 4,746 4,425 329 399 155 136 103 115 276 191 56 Wage earners 133 132 204 364 316 289 17,634 19,011 2,567 1,997 299 242 214 244 1,060 645 number). 6,065 3,058 2,738 662 333 227 617 361 168 363 270 166 1,629 685 453 114 450 290 678 490 330 6,547 3,682 1,928 1,886 1,867 330 308 1,248 607 440 490 284 333 71 70 45 13,193 9,235 7,836 582 329 204 2,446 2,147 1,889 493 368 247 2,489 1,248 532 734 527 687 496 449 358 99 28 11 481 341 451 699 497 612 12,999 11,044 9,487 1,797 1,469 6,321 4,260 2,225 3,196 2,476 2,102 6,206 4,295 3,032 1,699 1,607 3,648 2,734 1,147 2,850 2,679 2,408 37, 130 33, 404 13,526 13,649 14, 129 2,262 2,447 4,241 3,153 1,788 5,362 4,847 3,671 766 582 166,810 169,406 132,626 5,305 4,330 3,316 39,511 33,382 41,864 2,026 1,803 1,984 9,578 6.232 4,340 5.472 6,386 5,040 4,067 4,712 5,098 327 222 138 1,542 1,528 1,557 4,037 3,913 4,172 Primary horse- power. 28,360 20,228 17,514 2,894 1,533 1,183 3,243 2,995 1,133 7,349 6,610 3,185 6,842 3,396 1,706 462 466 11, 129 8,846 4,488 4,076 2,878 1,470 45,524 32,017 160,603 140, 650 152,569 6,494 6,416 6,762 3,214 1,254 8,154 8,990 3,516 1,699 1,388 854 28,514 24,604 22,296 5,323 4,757 3,156 4,129 1,175 866 1,948 1,497 1,331 6,845 4,455 2,272 2,413 2,122 1,457 17, 456 16,604 11,351 234 174 103 16,681 10,666 16,849 6,680 4,867 4,573 Capital. Sala- ries. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Value added by manu- facture (value of products less cost of mate- rials). Expressed in thousands. 571,951 54,816 38,068 8,689 3,415 4,202 6,617 4,249 2,016 8,784 4,016 4,684 13, 608 6,929 4,495 2,221 1,669 14, 126 12,253 2,691 3,826 3,298 2,389 86,944 62,953 153, 167 165,468 184,033 18, 726 12,762 11,046 5,825 2,778 10, 996 10,813 6,650 2,505 1,918 2,094 245,660 323, 982 111,517 6,541 4,831 3,279 12, 401 6,961 11,848 6,793 5,926 3,175 26, 309 16,642 8,400 9,666 8,951 4,605 10, 297 9,293 7,594 607 241 121 10, 879 7,620 5,630 14,153 12,354 $6,606 3,503 2,777 624 296 244 617 319 167 590 363 276 1,897 761 412 226 127 1,356 694 326 800 617 312 6,975 4,499 2,392 2,154 1,682 561 666 620 310 291 92 86 16, 779 8,800 8,593 661 366 184 1,655 1,152 779 660 387 274 2,707 1,246 915 474 504 687 526 364 109 31 13 539 359 391 1,054 692 817 $6,227 4,763 3,766 1,239 835 550 2,165 1,641 810 1,853 1,243 1,061 2,736 1,600 958 1,339 1,030 1,811 1,273 625 2,312 1,993 1,469 22,944 19, 770 7,484 7,576 6,918 1,495 1,606 2,129 1,376 767 3,316 2,383 1,890 304 303 69,365 62,639 47,975 2,227 1,616 1,119 9,363 8,383 8,394 1,191 1,123 1,036 6,221 3,469 2,404 2,253 1,826 1,869 1,689 1,867 1,715 228 164 81 723 725 652 2,039 1,808 2,074 $72,179 43,626 33,143 2,443 1,924 6,565 2,963 1,802 4,727 2,742 3,026 7,744 3,920 2,128 680 392 6,650 3,896 1,646 1,765 1,032 767 29, 338 22,271 247,583 244,753 221,386 6,386 4,973 5,372 2,866 1,418 41,889 31,376 26,728 2,277 1,888 1,074 177, 186 126,086 92,867 3,554 2,289 1,665 4,911 3,775 6,186 1,772 1,119 1,270 4,077 1,870 1,402 10.066 8,260 8.381 8,069 7,977 6,882 161 141 4,964 3,852 3,134 7,623 6,658 6,073 $111,358 68,275 53,231 6,666 4,634 3,015 11, 052 7,032 3,628 9,006 5,741 6,690 16,647 8,867 5,066 3,442 2,417 12, 160 8,962 3,494 6,384 5,005 3,772 78,863 62, 133 279, 249 277,285 239, 711 9,063 12,399 7,269 4,682 47, 970 35,283 31,892 3,419 2,795 1,593 410, 695 331,111 263, 713 8,264 6,578 4,010 25,296 23,937 20,346 4,703 3,935 3,931 19, 719 10, 640 6,932 16,864 13,296 13,669 13,054 12,e78 10,048 967 484 338 8,448 7,265 5,932 14.449 12^637 10,663 $39, 179 24,649 20,088 4,11 2,710 2,018 6,487 4,069 1,826 4,278 2,999 2,665 8,903 4,947 2,938 2,762 2,026 5,510 5,066 1,948 4,619 3,973 3,005 49,515 39,862 31,666 32,632 18,326 4,498 4,080 7,027 4,403 3,264 6,081 3,907 5,164 1,142 907 619 239,509 206,025 170,846 4,710 3,289 2,345 20,384 20, 162 14, 159 2,931 2,816 2,661 15,642 8,770 6,630 6,808 6,046 6,288 4,986 4,701 4,106 619 323 197 3,484 3,413 2,798 6,826 5,979 4,590 1 Includes "candles" in 1899. » Included in other classifications In 1899. ' " Stoves and furnaces, not including gas and oil stoves," Included in "foundry and machine-shop products" in 1899. < Includes 214 establistunents reported as "sugar and molasses" and 19 as "sugar, refining, not including beet sugar," in 1909. ' Included in "chemicals" in 1899. Wage earners (aver- age num- ber). PER CENT OF INCREASE. 17.7 16.4 22.3 52.6 24.9 91.5 29.1 17.8 44.5 41.7 12.7 33.4 138.4 6.4 11.3 -0.2 -41 34.5 76.3 10.4 32.0 -10.8 31.6 4.6 20.3 22.5 30.6 18.4 -20.3 12.4 -9.1 Value of prod- ucts. 53.7 43.3 1.6 -4.5 -13.7 -7.6 47.; 60.! 0.9 -1.9 3.2 -6.2 63.1 28.3 41.5 63.7 67.2 56.9 0.9 87.7 75.0 166.2 27.6 32.7 0.7 15.7 70.6 65.3 36.0 10.6 22.3 76.5 25.8 25.6 48.2 39.1 5.7 17.7 19.5 0.1 85.3 53.5 19.3 -2.7 3.0 26.2 97.7 43.2 16.3 22.5 14.3 18.5 524 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— MANUFACTURES. COMPARATIVE SUMMARY FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES: 1909, 1904, AND 1899— Continued. [See explanatory notes on the first page of this table.] Table 110— Contd. Wall plaster' Washing machines and clothes wringers. Waste. Wheelbarrows. Whips. Windmills . Window shades and fix- tares. Wire. Wirework, including wire rope and cable. Wood carpet. Wood distillation, not in- 1^ eluding turpentine and 1904 rosin .2 Wood preserving Cen- sus. 1909 1904 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1909 1904 1909 1904 Wood, turned and carved. Wool pulling Wool scouring Woolen, worsted, and felt goods, and wool hats. All other industries ^ 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1909 1904 Num- ber ol lish- ments. 198 176 100 92 118 53 41 25 24 26 15 57 58 60 34 53 68 219 144 96 56 25 29 611 649 596 10 20 31 120 141 53 26 21 1,050 1,097 1,166 37 34 34 28 27 25 985 1,074 1,281 PERSONS ENGAGED IN INDUSTRY. Total. 5,624 4,459 2,294 1,861 2,129 1,716 775 665 1,946 1,771 2,742 2,341 4,770 3,165 19, 945 5,325 14,994 15, 967 221 445 3,095 2,655 2,875 859 16, 243 16,837 759 786 1,262 852 175, 176 152,306 132 494 Pro- prie- tors and firm mem- bers. Salaried em- ployees. 194 132 484 652 1,097 1,226 732 958 773 629 171 104 191 116 58 94 69 31 310 174 228 387 387 281 646 409 292 1,846 •581 94 2,162 1,936 996 28 50 49 318 301 471 115 54 1,007 924 665 91 65 36 102 56 45 6,722 4,593 3,808 25 50 97 Wage earners number). 4,791 3,758 1,835 1,622 1,509 1,897 1,559 1,091 664 584 321 1,546 1,564 1,287 2,337 1,929 2,045 3,930 2,624 1,801 18,084 4,737 1,603 12,348 13,379 9,142 184 373 2,721 2,272 2,403 737 478 14, 139 14,687 11,658 631 681 475 1,142 779 720 168,722 146, 755 130, 697 96 436 1,215 Primary horse- power. 25,892 20,054 3,361 3,564 2,732 4,286 3,863 2,193 1,486 1,282 762 1,321 1,068 818 3,301 3,694 2,214 6,737 2,705 1,927 71, 959 25,866 9,979 20, 131 18, 280 12, 772 269 473 634 9,864 4,620 10,647 3,439 1,007 48,447 47, 595 31,133 1,366 1,324 820 6,782 3,478 2,900 362, 209 288,969 244,825 136 1,767 2,354 Capital. Sala- ries. Wages. Cost ol materials. Value of products. Value added by manu- facture (value of products less cost of mate- rials). Expressed in thousands. J16,885 13,204 5,318 2,962 2,405 6,125 3,586 2,437 1,510 1,045 514 3,900 3,368 1,894 5,636 5,837 4,309 10,334 5,977 5,184 60, 157 14,899 4,242 34,970 26, 894 16,346 423 330 412 13,017 10,507 12,408 2,935 1,230 18,334 16, 842 10,280 3,248 2,534 945 3,268 1,188 1,061 430,579 314,081 265, 730 254 3,860 4,078 $1,049 620 S2,391 1,890 $6,007 4,726 $12,804 10,164 466 148 104 904 684 549 2,837 2,213 2,175 5,825 3,839 3,735 290 164 85 716 496 327 8,837 6,825 4,000 11,398 8,343 4,880 81 76 27 321 296 127 716 494 180 1,625 1,178 454 323 184 246 704 603 478 1,585 1,253 1,278 3,949 3,147 2,734 479 392 250 1,403 969 940 3,331 2,308 2,172 6,677 4,795 4,354 807 480 323 1,918 1,086 752 12, 653 6,947 5,575 18,671 8,931 8,072 2,199 793 136 10,316 2,859 860 60,543 30,063 7,014 84,486 37,914 9,421 2,674 2,117 940 6,331 6,100 3,894 24,394 17, 866 10,813 41,938 33,038 19,840 33 45 35 138 269 362 228 361 418 490 801 1,057 355 298 1,463 1,067 6,876 4,84,8 9,737 7,813 617 158 57 1,066 316 206 9,328 2,463 1,825 14,099 3,368 2,396 1,045 829 488 6,213 6,031 4,371 9,744 8,678 5,830 22,199 20,169 14,318 132 74 35 387 365 248 4,103 104 54 5,181 882 531 143 78 72 558 398 339 2,122 215 194 3,289 1,053 890 10,097 6,781 5,574 72,427 57,073 46, 812 282,878 204,613 153, 930 435,979 319,348 248, 798 39 59 113 67 263 687 115 386 988 390 1,058 2,650 $6,797 5,438 2,988 1,626 1,660 2,661 1,518 880 910 684 274 2,364 1,894 1,466 3,346 2,487 2,182 6,918 2,984 2,497 23,943 7,851 2,407 17,544 15,182 9,027 262 460 3,861 2,965 4,771 906 571 12, 455 11,591 8,488 1,078 778 477 153,101 114,735 94,868 275 672 1.662 TEE CENT OF INCREASE. Wage earners (aver- age num- ber). Value of prod- ucts. 27.5 26.0 13.1 7.6 51.7 2.8 21.7 42.9 36.6 71.0 13.7 81.9 37.9 159.5 -0.5 20.7 26.5 15.1 21.2 -5.7 39.2 10.1 49.8 45.7 107.9 10.6 281.8 195.6 122.8 302.4 -7.7 46.3 26.9 66.5 -50.7 -38.7 -38.8 -24.2 19.8 24.6 226.1 54.2 318.6 40.6 -3.7 27.1 10.1 40.9 -7.3 43.4 487.4 66.1 46.6 212.3 18.3 15.0 12.3 36.5. 28.4 -78.0 -64.1 -63.1 -60.1 ' Included in "lime and cement" in 1899. 2 Included in " chemicals " in 1899. ' All other industries embrace "Millstones," 1 establishment; specified," 2; and "whalebone cutting," 1, in 1909. "Millstones," siJecified," 6; "whalebone cutting," 2, in 1904 ■ "Millstones," 3; specified," 4; "whalebona cutting," 3, in 1899. "ordnance and accessories," 2; "pulp, from fiber other than wood, "2; "straw goods, not elsewhere 2; "ordnance and accessories," 4; "pulp, from fiber other than wood," 1; "straw goods, not elsewhere "ordnance and accessories," 4; "pulp, from fiber other than wood," 3; "straw goods, not elsewhere STATES, CITIES, AND INDUSTRIES. 525 COMPARATIVE SUMMARY FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY STATES: 1909, 1904, AND 1899. Note.— Primary horsepower includes power generated in manufacturing establishments plus electric and other power rented from outside sources; it does not Include electric power generated by primary units of the establishments reporting. [A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease.] Table 111 DIVISION AND STATE. TTnited States Geoqbaphic divi- sions: New England. Cen- sus. 1909 1901 1899 Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. 268,191 216,180 207, 5U 1909 25,351 1904 22,279 1899 22, 576 PERSONS ENGAGED IN INDUSTRY. Middle Atlantic. . . East North Central . West North Central. South Atlantic . . East South Central West South Central. Mountain. Pacific. New England: Maine New Hampshire. . Vermont. Massachusetts . Rhode Island. Connecticut. 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1909 1904 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 81,315 67,699 65,834 60,013 51,754 50, 521 27,171 21, 492 20,732 28,088 19,664 19,144 15,381 10,311 10,058 12, 339 8,279 7,174 5,254 3,610 3,146 13,579 11,192 8,329 Total. 7,678,578 6,213,612 Pro- prie- tors and firm mem- bers. 1,212,158 1,023,708 2,576,677 2,148,379 l,786,i 1,415,1 273,269 225, 673 Salaried em- Wage earners (average number). 790, 267 519, 556 364, 120 24, 171 22, 698 85, 516 74, 525 Mn)DLE Atlantic: New York New Jersey. Pennsylvania. East North Central Ohio Indiana. Illinois. 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 3,546 3.145 2,878 1,961 1,618 1,771 1,958 1.699 1,938 11,684 10, 723 10,929 1,951 1,617 1,678 4,251 3,477 3,382 44,935 37,194 35,957 8,817 7,010 6,415 27,563 23,496 23, 462 15, 138 13,785 13,868 7,969 7,044 7,128 18,026 14, 921 14, 374 464, 460 374,787 745,830 578, 989 305, 465 249,892 240,902 166, 640 89,862 61,812 256,416 193,517 88,476 82, 109 57,271 50,531 26,683 21,394 30.783 21,745 17, 208 11,449 6,615,046 5,468,383 4,712,763 Primary horse- power. 12,944 8,299 4,849 3,302 13,840 11,730 84,191 69,758 38,680 37,016 644,399 532, 481 122, 641 104,299 233,871 198,046 1,203,241 996,725 3,661 3,379 371,265 296, 262 2,014 1,726 2,113 1,856 86, 697 60, 258 45,402 283,414 187,289 127,326 215,773 140,829 103,360 63,440 41,032 30,606 52,032 34,633 24,368 26, 485 17,214 11,204 23,438 14,871 8,255 9,578 5,720 3,486 29,410 17,710 10,123 18,675,376 13,487,707 10,097,893 1,101,290 940,752 851, 903 2,207,747 1,886,565 1,604,844 513,764 1,224,528 1,073,322 374,337 312,361 266,051 663,015 622, 6U 458,344 261, 772 221,229 177, 208 204,620 143,470 113,388 75,435 52,790 44,497 213, 166 164,077 123,206 11,194 11,258 1,721 1,561 3,468 2,918 47,569 41,766 4,860 3,772 3,103 3,619 2,666 2,068 2,679 2,063 1,695 48, 646 32,824 25,256 7,382 5,420 4,022 19,611 13,523 9,258 79,965 74, 958 69,914 78,658 65,366 67,646 33,788 33,106 28,179 584, 559 488,399 438, 234 113, 638 97,318 88,197 210,792 181,605 159,733 2,716,121 2,126,815 1,792,342 5,531,602 4,266,264 3, 139, 128 4,382,070 3, 120, 369 2,401,808 1,101,990 763,700 606,098 1,832,001 1,221,040 851,060 1,036,560 763,928 613,425 873,350 666,717 397,471 400,766 241,825 123,012 802,016 460,049 274,559 Capital. Sala- ries. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Value added by manu- facture (value of products less cost of materials). Expressed in thousands. $18,428,270 12,675,581 8,979,266 1,002,171 855,392 523,004 417, 946 218, 263 176,227 661,044 447,947 1,204 i,730 29,743 26, 029 14, 719 13,657 7,674 7,191 17,357 13,990 161,691 1,003,981 98,012 856,947 68,030 726,909 36,838 23, 196 15,361 94, 885 66,081 43,935 61,351 39,991 28,109 23,605 14,862 10,447 77,923 54,521 40,964 326,223 266, 336 213,976 877,543 763,282 663,960 446,934 364,298 308,109 186,984 164,174 139,017 465,764 379, 436 332,871 469,699 343,627 259,232 293, 991 218,344 200,975 159,445 140,616 126,124 1,175,071 938, 007 796,061 226,740 181,017 153,619 400,275 304,204 266,331 1,997,662 1,516,592 1,099,931 612,293 436,274 322, 603 2,921,647 2,302,398 1,716,694 1,583,155 1,116,932 783,665 633,377 380,768 325,919 1,013,071 741,555 559,347 2,603,864 1,870,995 1,607,630 6,505,675 4,742,357 3,450,619 4,647,225 2,895,446 2, 056, 117 1,171,572 857,904 577,453 1,368,476 930,420 583,328 586, 276 406, 361 234,014 647,739 328,906 193,969 348,977 220,669 126,724 848,477 423,623 245, 402 $938,579 574,439 380,771 $3,427,038 2,610,445 2,008,361 112,284 72,799 63,396 345,266 213,371 141,943 250,508 161,992 101,500 69,504 41,303 29,127 57,272 34,201 22,408 29, 008 17,417 10, 385 25,382 15,190 7,334 12,522 7,541 3,897 36,829 20,625 10,781 667, 631 439,060 367, 674 1, 182, 568 926, 146 729,365 827,152 615, 643 473,040 204,792 157,843 117,209 244,378 175,461 130,861 102, 191 83, 942 56,003 97,646 67,128 42,715 56,870 39,046 27,714 153,810 106, 187 63,777 $12,142,791 8,500,208 6,575,851 $20,672,052 14,793,903 11,406,927 202,260 143, 708 114,008 139, 990 109,495 92,146 73,470 62, 669 43,500 1,279,687 966,949 781,868 290.901 215,901 176,901 517, 546 373,283 299,207 2,779,497 2,031,460 1,523,503 977,172 715,060 477,301 2,749,006 1,996,837 1,449,815 1,300,733 866,989 570,909 508,717 312,071 219,321 1,548,171 975,845 732,830 5,797 3,989 3,051 4,191 2,972 2,200 2,803 2,103 1,610 63,279 39,654 29,480 10,577 7,041 6,300 25,637 17,040 11,756 186,032 111,146 76,740 48,337 28,967 19,068 110,897 73,269 46, 145 72,147 43,435 28,151 26,305 16,029 9,971 91, 449 60,560 40,649 1, 476, 297 1,116,273 904, 037 4,159,498 2,961,995 2,311,404 3, 034, 472 2,045,537 1,647,577 1,241,855 862,011 647,665 790,005 660, 102 395,686 336, 163 262, 156 176, 606 382, 131 246,832 163, 510 228,692 152,813 115,606 493,678 312,489 223,960 $8,929,261 6,293,695 4,831,076 37,632 32. 692 25, 731 36,200 27. 693 25,860 17,272 15,221 11,426 301,174 232,389 195,278 56, 234 43, 113 36,995 110,119 87,942 73,394 657,231 430,015 337, 324 169,710 128, 169 95,165 456,627 367,961 296,876 245,450 182,429 136,428 95, 510 72,058 59,280 273,319 208, 405 159, 104 2,670,065 2,025,999 1,660,348 7,141,761 5,218,266 4,074,719 5,211,702 3,605,368 2,853,056 1,803,899 1,284,446 972,969 1,381,186 974,028 711,800 630, 488 464, 336 325, 086 625, 443 415, 232 252, 314 363,996 254, 663 191,825 843,512 551,565 364, 810 97, 101 80,042 61,210 98,157 73,216 60, 163 34,823 32, 430 26,385 830,765 626,411 498, 655 168, 192 112,872 87,952 257,269 191,302 169,672 1,866,904 1,348,603 1,018,377 720,034 470, 449 334, 726 1,682,560 1,142,943 968, 301 824, 202 627,637 409,303 334,375 220,507 196, 163 1,160,927 840,057 681,450 176,029 144,020 112,969 164, 581 123,611 107,591 68,310 63,084 51,515 1,490,529 1,124,092 907, 627 280, 344 202,110 165,550 490,272 369,082 315, 106 3,369,490 2,488,346 1,871,831 1, 145, 629 774,369 563,006 2,626,742 1,956,651 1,649,882 1,437,936 960,812 748,671 579,075 393,964 337,072 1,919,277 1,410,342 1,120,868 1, 193, 768 909, 726 756,311 2,982,263 2,256,27.1 1,763,315 2,177,230 1,659,831 1,205,479 662,044 422,436 325,404 691,181 423,926 316,114 294,325 212,180 148,580 243,312 168,400 98,804 136,304 101,850 76,219 349,834 239,076 140,860 PER CENT OF INCREASE. earners (aver- age num- ber). Value of prod- ucts. 21.0 16.0 17.1 10.4 17.0 17.6 23.6 14.1 19.8 17.4 26.9 14.0 18.3 24.8 42.6 26.6 78,928 63,978 61, 749 66, 424 50,396 47,428 33,487 30,654 25, 130 669,764 497, 681 408,972 122,152 89,238 77,598 233,013 177,780 145,434 1,512,586 1,139,743 853, 454 .425,495 303,920 218,280 1,044,182 812,008 691,581 613,734 433,175 339,368 244,700 173,447 141,909 758,350 570,286 439,418 42.9 18.6 29.9 33.2 6.7 7.2 20.3 -3.4 2.1 17.5 16.7 10.3 16.1 13.7 17.2 17.9 22.5 24.5 15.0 15.0 39.7 29.7 31.8 22.0 36.9 28.1 18.2 44.6 26.4 40.4 32.0 41.8 35.8 42.8 21.3 10.9 22.8 14.0 60.6 64.6 42.9 32.8 52.9 61.2 22.2 27.5 33.1 14.9 8.3 22.5 19. 7 32..6 11. 4 23. 8 38.7 22.1 32.8 17.1 35.4 32.9 47.9 40.0 34.3 18.5 28.3 47.0 16.9 36.1 25.8 526 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— MANUFACTURES. COMPARATIVE SUMMARY FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY STATES: 1909, 1904, AND 1899— Continued. [See explanatory note on the fiist p?ge of this table.] Table 1 1 1— Ciontd. DIVISION AND STATE= East Nokth Centkal- Continued. Michigan Wisconsin.. West North Centkal Minnesota Iowa Missouri North Dakota South Dakota Nebraska Kansas South Atlantic: Delaware Cen- sus. Maryland District of Columbia . Virginia West Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Florida East South Central: Kentucky Tennessee Alabama Mississippi 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. 9,159 7,446 7,310 9,721 8,668 7,841 6,561 4,756 4,096 6,628 4,786 4,828 8,375 6,464 6,863 752 507 337 1,020 2,600 1,819 1,696 2,475 2,299 726 631 633 4,837 3,852 3,886 618 482 491 6,685 3,187 3,186 2,586 2,109 1,824 4,931 3,272 3,465 1,854 1,399 1,369 4,792 3,219 3,016 2,169 1,413 1,275 4,776 3,734 3,648 4,609 3,175 3,116 3,398 1,882 2,000 2,598 1,620 1,294 PERSONS ENGAGED IN INDUSTRY. Total. 271,071 200, 196 213,426 173, 672 104,406 83, 301 78,360 61,361 185,705 156,585 4,148 2,545 6,226 3,682 31,966 25,356 54,649 42,067 23,984 20, 667 125, 489 107,303 9,758 7,778 120, 797 71,463 48,880 133, 4.53 93, 142 78, 040 63,071 118,0.36 102, 365 Pro- prie- tors and firm mem- bers. Salaried em- ployees 64, 810 46, 985 79,060 69, 755 87, 672 09, 287 81,972 67,884 66,761 42,966 8,965 7,732 8, 656 7,961 5,376 4,524 6,323 4,758 1,226 i,299 723 494 942 649 2,622 1,904 3,571 2,766 722 641 5,376 4,606 475 473 6,670 3,643 2,599 2,230 6,461 3,731 1,737 1,241 6,141 3,512 2,712 1,769 5,060 4,108 5,416 3,805 2,974 1,688 30,607 17,236 13,350 22,287 14,220 10,480 14,263 9,141 6,626 11,402 7,122 6,159 24,486 17, 119 12,474 636 298 162 682 441 5,108 3,192 2,296 6,863 3,721 3,612 2,024 1,461 1,189 12,192 8,624 6,741 1,576 1,006 967 8,551 4,970 3,828 4,971 2,892 1,744 6,529 4,072 2,894 3,257 2,389 1,419 8,307 6,104 3,815 4,625 3,125 1,781 8, 610 6,853 4,350 8,417 4,910 3,329 6,066 3,7U3 2,259 3,403 2,688 1,260 Wage earners (average number) 231, 499 175, 229 165,800 182,583 161,391 137,526 84,767 69,636 64,567 ■61,635 49,481 44,420 162,993 133, 167 107,704 2,789 1,765 1,358 3,602 2,492 2,224 24,336 20,260 18,669 44,215 35,570 27,119 21,238 18,476 20,662 107,921 94, 174 94, 170 7,707 6,299 6,166 106, 676 80,285 66,223 63,893 43, 768 33,080 121,473 86,339 72,322 73, 046 59,441 47,025 104, 588 92, 749 83, 336 67,473 42, 091 36, 471 66, 400 59, 794 51,736 73,840 60, 672 45, 963 72,148 02, 173 62, 711 50,384 38, 690 26, 799 Primary horse- power. 698,288 440,890 368, 497 554, 179 440,234 364,380 297,670 220,934 180,124 155,384 118,065 106,664 340, 467 247,861 189,117 13,196 9,873 7,351. 17,666 11,154 11,775 64,466 46,372 41,825 213,141 99,441 68,242 62,779 49, 490 40,134 218,244 166,449 132,052 16, 663 12, 592 10, 266 283,928 176,998 136, 696 217.496 138, 578 91,894 378,656 216, 622 154, 467 276, 378 197,479 112,697 298, 241 220, 419 136, 499 89,816 43, 413 36,350 230, 224 174,625 144, 161 242, 277 176, 780 130, 318 367,837 293, 186 173, 208 206,222 110, 338 65, 738 Capital. Sala- ries. Cost of materials. Value of products. Value added by manu- facture (value of products less cost of materials). Expressed in thousands. $583,947 337,894 246,996 606,657 412,647 286,061 276,416 184,903 133,077 171,219 111,428 86,668 444,343 379,369 223,781 11,585 6,704 3,512 13,018 7,585 6,051 99,901 80,235 66,906 166,090 88,680 69,468 60,906 50,926 38,791 261,227 201,878 149,165 30,553 20, 200 17,961 216,392 147,989 92,300 150, 922 86, 821 49, 103 217,185 141,001 68,283 173, 221 , 113,422 62, 750 202,778 1.35,211 79, 303 66,291 32, 972 26,682 172,779 147,282 87,996 167, 924 102, 440 63,140 173,180 106,383 60, 166 72,393 50,256 22, 712 S34,870 17, 470 12,336 25,737 15,498 10,493 16,461 9,033 6,064 10, 972 5,948 4,233 28,994 19,002 13,296 629 258 130 616 294 175 5,491 3,075 2,107 7,361 3,693 3,123 2,322 1,629 1,337 13,617 8,844 6,845 1,846 1,207 872 9,101 4,876 3,630 5,710 2,899 1,519 6,903 3,795 2,395 3,766 2,355 1,307 9,062 6,927 3,204 4,955 2,670 1,299 9,603 '6,871 4,185 9,186 6,081 3,048 6,565 3,867 2,069 3,654 2,698 1,093 $118, 968 81,279 62,632 93,905 71,472 65,696 47,471 35,843 29,029 32,542 22,997 18,021 80,843 66,644 46,714 1,787 1,032 671 2,297 1,422 1,130 13,948 11,022 8,842 26,904 18,883 12,802 10,296 8,168 8,467 45,436 36,144 32, 414 4,989 3,669 3,023 38,154 27,943 20,274 33,000 21,153 12,640 34, 356 21,375 14,062 20, 361 13,869 9,130 34, 805 27,393 19,968 22, 982 15, 767 10,916 27,888 24, 439 18,454 28,251 22, 806 14,727 27,284 21,878 14,912 .18,768 14,819 7,910 K368, 612 230,081 175,966 346,356 227,255 185, 695 281,622 210,554 150,299 170,707 102,844 86,779 354,411 252,258 184,189 13,674 7,096 4,151 11,476 8,697 6,484 151,081 124,052 95,926 268,884 156,510 120,738 30,938 24,884 24,725 199,049 160,024 129,355 10, 247 7,732 7,476 126,583 83, 649 69,360 92, 878 54, 419 37,228 121,861 79, 268 44,854 66,351 49,969 30,486 116,970 83, 625 49,356 26,128 16,632 12,847 111,779 86, 545 67,406 104,016 79,352 54,569 83, 442 60,458 37,998 36,926 26,801 16,643 $685,109 429, 120 319,692 690,305 411,140 326,753 409,420 307,868 223,693 269,238 160,572 132,871 574,111 439,549 316,304 19,137 10,218 6,260 17,870 13,086 9,630 199,019 164,918 130,302 325,104 198, 245 154,009 62,840 41,160 41,321 315,669 243,376 211,076 25,289 18,359 16,426 219,794 148,857 108, 644 161, 949 99,041 67,007 216, 656 142,521 86,274 113,236 79,376 53,336 202,863 151,040 94,632 72,890 50, 298 34,184 223,754 169,754 126,609 180, 217 137, 961 92,749 145,962 109,170 72,110 80,665 57,461 33,718 $316,497 199,039 143,726 243,949 183,885 141,058 127,798 97,304 73,394 88,631 57,728 47,092 219,700 187, 291 132, 115 5,463 3,122 2,109 6,394 4,389 3,046 47,938 30, 866 34,377 66,220 41,736 33,271 21,902 16,276 16,596 116, 620 93,352 81,721 15,042 10, 627 8,961 94, 211 66,208 49,284 69, 071 44, 622 29, 779 94, 796 63, 263 40,420 46,885 29, 407 22,860 86,893 67,415 46, 176 46,762 33,766 21,337 111,975 73,209 69,103 76,201 58,609 38, 190 62, 520 48, 712 34,112 43,629 31,650 17,175 PER CENT or INCREASE. Wa^e earners (aver- age num- ber). Value- of prod- ucts. 32.1 12.5 20.6 10.1 21.7 7.9 24.6 11.4 14.9 23.6 68.9 29.2 44.5 12.0 20.1 8.5 24.3 31.2 15.0 -10.2 14.6 22.4 2.3 31.6 21.2 46.0 32.3 42.3 18.0 22.9 26.4 12.8 11.3 36.6 18.7 9.4 15.6 59.7 34.2' 43.6 26.8- 33.0' 37.6- 61.4 20.8 39.0 87.3. 63.3 36. 6^ 37.3 28.6. 18.9- 64.0- 28.7 28.4 -0.4 29.7 15.3 37. T 11.8. 47.7 37.0 63.5 47.8' 52.0 67.1 34. » 59. S 44. 9i 47.1 40.1 26.3 21.9 31.8 30. e. 48.7 16.0 18.0 33.7 51.4 30.2 44.4 40.2 70.4 I Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. STATES, CITIES, AND INDUSTRIES. COMPARATIVE SUMMARY FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY STATES: 1909, 1904, AND 1899-Contiiiued. [See explanatory note on the first page ol this table.] 527 Table 111— Contd. DIVISION AND STATE. West South Central Arkansas Louisiana Olclahoma Texas Mountain: Montana Idaho Wyoming Colorado New Mexico Arizona Utah Nevada Paofic: Washington Oregon California Cen- sus. 1909 1904 1909 1904 1909 11904 1909 1904 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. 2,925 1,907 1,746 2,616 2,091 1,826 2,310 1,123 49S 4,588 3,158 3,107 677 382 395 725 364 287 268 169 139 2,034 1,606 1,323 313 199 174 311 169 154 749 606 575 177 115 3,674 2,751 1,926 2,246 1,602 1,406 7,659 6,839 4,997 PERSONS ENGAGED IN INDUSTRY. Total. 51,730 37, 557 86, 563 63,735 18, 034 7,456 84, 675 57, 892 13,694 10, 196 3,791 3,393 2,163 34,115 26,888 3,891 7,202 6,217 14, 133 9,650 2,650 1,016 80,118 51,459 34,722 22,018 141,676 120,040 Pro- prie- tors and firm mem- bera. Salaried em- 3,456 2,140 2,295 1,899 2,698 1,187 4,496 3,073 £69 334 831 371 263 160 1,722 1,398 288 189 t261 133 688 619 137 108 3,264 2,602 2,499 1,726 8,077 7,402 3,293 2,328 1,549 8,103 6,977 3,576 2,193 813 269 9,849 5,753 2,861 1,380 905 608 868 359 92 263 179 87 4,326 2,677 1,870 335 224 600 291 205 1,660 979 599 256 106 37 7,734 3,668 2,103 3,473 1,769 1,143 18,203 12,283 6,877 Wage earners (average number). 44, 982 33,089 31,525 76,165 56,869 40,878 13,143 6,456 2,381 70,230 49,066 38,604 11,665 8,957 9,854 8,220 3,061 1,662 2,867 1,834 2,060 28,067 21,813 19,498 4,143 3,478 2,490 6,441 4,793 3,126 11,785 8,062 5,413 2,257 802 604 69,120 45, 199 31,623 28,760 18,623 14,459 115, 296 100,366 77,224 Primary horse- power. 173,088 109,609 79,560 346,662 251,963 190, 182 71,139 29, 608 11,672 282,471 164,637 116,167 90,402 46,736 43,679 42, 804 16,987 5,649 7,628 3,604 3,820 164,615 124,907 43,434 15,465 5,948 3,658 39, 140 21,412 8,537 42,947 19,397 12,674 7,765 2,834 1,661 297,897 168,342 87,601 176,019 81,348 60,005 329, 100 210,369 126,963 Capital. Sala- ries. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Value added by manu- facture (value of products less cost of materials). Expressed in thoiisands. $70,174 46,306 26,385 221,816 150,811 100,875 38,873 16, 124 4,064 216,876 115,665 63,655 44,588 62,590 38,226 32, 477 9,689 2,130 6,195 2,696 2,048 162,668 107,664 58, 173 7,743 4,638 2,161 32,873 14,396 9,617 52,627 26,004 13, 219 2,892 1,261 222, 261 96,963 41,676 89,082 44,023 28,359 537, 134 282,647 176,468 $3,461 2,310 1,262 $19,113 14,544 10, 184 $34,935 21,799 18,288 $74,916 63,866 39,888 9,008 6,044 2,934 33,386 26,316 14,725 134,865 117,036 75,404 223,949 186,380 111,398 2,045 718 219 7,240 2,799 894 34,153 16,394 6,430 53,682 24,469 8,134 10,868 6,118 2,919 37,907 24,469 16,912 178,178 91,604 54,388 272,896 150,628 92,894 2,054 1,506 786 10,901 8,662 7,377 49,180 40,930 30,068 73,272 66,415 52,745 984 379 66 6,498 2,059 818 9,920 4,069 1,439 22,400 8,769 3,001 311 206 91 2,081 1,261 1,209 2,608 1,301 1,370 6,249 3,523 3,268 5,648 3,549 2,059 19,912 16,100 11,708 80,491 03,114 60,751 130,044 100, 144 89,068 383 264 91 2,591 2,163 1,199 3,261 2,236 1,999 7,898 5,706 4,061 798 472 269 6,505 3,969 2,287 33,600 14,696 7,877 50,267 28,083 20,439 1,966 1,039 501 8,400 5,158 2,763 41,266 24,940 11,440 61,989 38,927 17,982 378 126 34 1,982 694 353 8,366 1,628 662 11,887 3,096 1,261 9,827 4,093 2,064 49,766 30,087 17,066 117,888 66,166 38,277 220, 746 128,822 70,831 4,047 2,133 1,222 19,902 11,443 6,822 50,562 30,597 20,789 93,005 66,626 36,593 22,955 14,399 7,495 84,142 64,667 39,890 325,238 215,726 164,894 529,761 367,218 267,386 $39, 981 32, 066 21,600 89,084 69,345 35,994 19,529 8,066 2,704 94,718 58,924 38, 506 24,092 26,486 22, 677 12,480 4,700 1,562 3,641 2,222 1,898 49,553 37,030 28,317 4,637 3,470 2,062 16,657 13,488 12,662 20,723 13,987 6,542 3,521 1,468 699 102,868 62,666 32, 654 42,463 24,928 15, 804 204,523 161,492 92, 492 PER CENT OP INCREASE. Wage I eamersi Value (aver- of prod- num- ber). 35.9 6.0 140.9 129.1 43.1 27.1 30.1 -9.1 168.5 97.2 56.3 -11.0 28.7 11.9 19.1 39.7 34.4 63.3 46.4 181.4 69.1 52.9 43.4 55.2 28.1 14.9 30.0 ucts. 39.1 36.0 20.2 67.3 119.6 200.7 81.3 62.0 10.3 25.9 165.4 192.2 77.4 7.8 29.9 12.4 38.4 40.6 79.0 37.4 69.2 116.6 283.9 146.6 71.4 81.9 67.5 61.7 44.3 42.7 I Includes Indian Territory. 528 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— MANUFACTURES. COMPARATIVE SUMMARY FOR THE 25 PRINCIPAL CITIES: 1909, 1904, AND 1899. Note.— The fleures tor some cities do not agree with those pubUshed in 1904 because it was necessary to revise the totals in order to include data only for those its located -within the corporate limits ol the cities. establish- [A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease.] Table 112. NewYort, N.Y.. Chicago, 111 Philadelphia, Pa. St. Louis, Mo.... Cleveland, Ohio. Detroit, Mich. Pittsbtu-gh, Pa Boston, Mass Buffalo, N.Y Milwaukee, Wis Newark, N. J Cincinnati, Ohio Baltimore, Md Minneapolis, Minn. . . Kansas City, Kans. . . San Francisco, Cal. . . Jersey City, N. J Indianapolis, Ind Providence, R . I Eochester, N. Y Louisville, Ky South Omaha, Nebr. Youngstown, Ohio. . . Lawrence, Mass New Orleans, La Cen- sus. 1909 1904 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. 25,938 20, 839 19,243 9,656 8,159 7,668 8,379 7,087 7,603 2,667 2,482 2,646 2,148 1,616 1,350 2,036 1,362 1,259 1,659 1,502 1,301 3,155 2,747 2,878 1,753 1,538 1,478 1,764 1,527 1,419 1,858 1,600 1,573 2,184 2,171 2,454 2,602 2,158 2,274 1,102 876 789 165 100 114 1,796 2,251 1,748 745 628 855 810 697 1,080 881 929 1,203 1,109 1,221 903 842 860 71 41 41 115 113 103 162 187 167 PEKSONS ENGAGED IN INDUSTKY. 680,610 552,952 356,954 280,529 294,498 259,878 104,587 95,962 98,686 72,362 95,841 55,718 79,625 81,407 85, 158 71,421 61,246 50,390 68,933 49,843 57,463 72,488 68,954 83,473 74,234 33,923 26,045 14,333 11, 761 36,910 46,666 30,239 23,312 37,929 31,431 61, 667 43,748 46,617 37, 128 32, 397 28,817 7,669 6,671 11,851 8,903 31,589 22,726 20,938 20,406 Pro- prie- tors and finn mem- bers. 29,065 24,650 8,156 7,269 9,162 8,140 1,869 1,883 1,718 1,445 1,804 1,312 1,653 1,516 2,873 2,833 1,489 1,669 1,472 1,393 1,704 1,631 2,016 2,180 2,660 2,432 1,012 847 142 82 2,544 3,047 614 680 631 591 1,017 1,042 1,084 669 706 145 183 764 606 Salaried em- ployees. 97,453 63,586 43, 783 54,821 40,276 32,406 33,452 22,839 17,498 16,347 11,381 8,867 12,240 6,876 6,064 13,026 5,923 4,947 10,598 8,273 5,860 12,648 9,428 7,691 8,345 6,264 3,767 7,959 5,084 4,077 8,327 5,135 4,146 10,281 8,190 6,164 6,752 5,501 5,949 3,527 2,158 1,897 1,150 2,063 6,122 5,190 3,413 4,171 2,379 1,614 5,483 4,115 2,325 4,269 3,051 2,493 6,467 4,265 3,061 4,705 3,126 2,491 1,290 875 769 1,269 722 414 902 633 648 2,998 2,332 1,579 earners (average number). 654,002 464,716 293, 977 241,984 221, 191 251,884 228,899 214,775 87,371 82,698 64,832 84,728 64,041 56,341 81,011 48,483 38,373 67,474 71,618 71,794 69,637 59, 160 62,853 51,412 43,567 34,276 59,502 43,366 41,220 59,966 60,697 42,878 60, 192 58, 684 64,942 71,444 65,050 66,571 26,962 21,671 19,620 12,294 10,529 9,483 28,244 38,429 32,666 25,454 20, 353 17,391 31,815 26,725 20,985 46,381 39, 804 38, 368 39, 108 31,779 28,049 27,023 24, 985 23,062 6,306 6,662 6,327 10, 498 8,095 8,679 30,542 21,910 20,899 17, 186 17, 468 16,185 Primary horse- power. 429,003 525,236 365,950 163,615 199,898 307,666 68,419 121,791 94,254 78,263 19,247 31,885 35,917 50, 872 56, 410 39,277 49,926 140, 907 73,066 38, 145 Capital. Sala- ries. Cost of materials. Value of products. Value added by manu- facture (value of products less cost of ma- terials). Expressed in thousands. $1,364,363 1,042,946 853,238 5122,074 73,028 51,666 $323,698 5 248,128 196,656 971,841 637,743 611,249 66,925 45,601 32,068 174,112 136,406 108,727 691,397 520,179 445, 725 39,446 25,396 18,931 126,381 107,640 94,737 269,392 265,937 150,526 19,671 13,475 10,079 48,536 42,642 29, 145 227,397 156,321 101,243 16,506 8,299 5,453 48,053 «3,450 26,518 190,125 91,038 67,224 15,260 6,126 4,726 43,007 22,668 15,317 283,139 260,765 211,774 12,683 9,763 6,351 39,973 39,805 37,636 175, 182 131,663 130, 143 15,641 10,464 8,180 39,910 31,873 28,209 193,041 137,023 95,740 9,347 5,542 3,429 28,727 21,622 15, 678 219,391 161,494 105,504 9,406 6,837 4,305 31,437 30,809 17,102 154,233 119,026 97,182 11,777 6,686 5,256 33,076 25,622 20,365 150,254 130,272 103,464 12,769 9,077 6,437 31, 101 27,390 23,104 164,437 146,961 107,217 10,671 6,997 5,871 31, 171 25,507 23,493 90,382 66,135 50, 177 6,277 3,536 2,113 15,638 11,418 9,383 42,817 27,773 18,236 2,138 1,216 1,911 7,027 5,449 4,259 133,824 102,362 69,643 8,086 6,630 3,929 22,381 25,015 17,259 79,794 82,395 78,612 6,049 2,990 2,039 13,216 10,021 7,965 76,497 53,420 34,736 6,494 4,096 2,248 16,557 12,620 8,844 118,512 95, 666 79,686 6,660 3,819 3,053 24,449 19,565 16,931 95,708 69, 807 45,210 7,734 4,529 3,131 21,518 14, 702 11,366 79,437 79,999 44,016 5,633 3,367 2,596 12,460 10,812 8,436 19,877 20,564 16,382 1,559 950 736 3,544 3,210 3,115 87,160 40,956 22,084 1,593 870 478 7,835 5,460 4,730 79,550 60,063 48,827 1,581 971 907 13,787 8,908 8,197 56,934 56,995 42,858 3,240 2,386 1,667 8,020 7,39« 6,176 $1,092,155 818,029 634,210 793,470 589,914 502,222 429,092 333,352 296, 176 188, 189 137, 740 101,838 154,915 97, 578 76,465 130,218 66,581 47,007 148,627 124,581 128,458 124,577 94,603 82,295 136,538 88,367 65,939 120,621 71,103 59,694 114,679 80,689 60,772 101,932 83,258 71, 391 107,024 80,555 75,223 119, 993 88,882 68,910 144,390 83,883 68,875 76,217 76,946 65, 535 89,317 48,799 50,266 84, 151 51,763 38,287 64,770 49, 973 42,551 50, 674 37,918 28,245 64, 128 45, 682 34,876 77,673 59, 193 61, 018 62,292 36,183 23, 133 45,438 29, 416 24,842 48,732 68,828 40,385 $2,029,693 1,626,523 1,172,870 1 281,171 955,036 797,879 746,076 691,388 519,982 328,495 267,307 193, 733 271,961 171,924 139,356 262,992 128,247 88,366 243,454 211,259 218, 198 237,457 184,351 162, 765 218,804 147,378 105,627 208,324 137,996 110,854 202,611 150,055 112, 728 194,516 166,069 141,678 186,978 150, 171 135, 108 165,405 121, 163 164,081 %,473 80,023 133,041 137, 788 107,024 128, 775 76, 741 72, 930 126, 622 82,228 69,322 120, 241 91,981 78,657 112,676 81,109 69,669 101,284 83,204 66, 110 92,436 67, 415 69,509 81,271 46,853 33,908 79,993 48,037 41,742 78,794 81,411 67,446 $937,538 708,494 538,660 487, 701 365, 122 295,667 316,984 258, 036 224,807 140,306 129,567 91,896 117,046 74,346 62,891 122,774 61,666 41,359 94,927 86,678 89, 740 112,880 89, 748 80,470 82,266 59,011 39,688 87,703 66,892 51,160 87,832 69,368 51,956 92,684 82,801 70,287 79,954 69,616 59,885 45,412 32,281 25,498 19,691 12,690 11, 148 66,824 61,842 41,489 39,458 26,942 22,664 42,371 30,465 21,035 65,471 42,008 36, 106 62,002 43, 191 31,424 47, 158 37,522 31,234 14,763 8,222 8,491 18, 979 11,670 10,775 34,656 18,621 16,900 30,062 22,683 17,061- Wage earners (aver- age num- ber). PEE CENT OP INCBEA9E. 19.2 19.6 21.5 9.4 10.0 6.6 5.6 27.6 32.3 15.7 67.1 -5.8 -0.2 17.7 11.9 18.0 27.1 37.2 5.2 18.3 18.2 2.7 6.6 -2.3 24.4 10.5 16.8 n.o -26.5 18.0 25.1 17.0 19.0 27.4 16.6 3.7 23.1 13.3 8.2 8.3 11.4 -10.5 29.7 -6.7 39.4 4.8 -1.6 7.9 Value of prod- ucts. 33.0 30.2 34.1 19.7 26.2 13.7 22.9 38.0 58.2 23.4 97.3 45.1 15.2 -3.2 28.8 13.3 48.5 61.0 24.5 35.0 33.1 17.1 17.2 24.5 11.1 36.5 28.3 70.1 20.6 -3.4 28.7 70.0 53.9 38.6 30.7 16.9 38.9 35.9 21.7 25.9 37.1 -3.0 73.5 38.2 66.6 16.1 -3.2 4L7 STATES, CITIES, AND INDUSTRIES. 529 CITIES OF 10,000 INHABITANTS OR OVER— NUMBER OP ESTABLISHMENTS, AVERAGE NUMBER OP WAGE EARNERS, ■ VALUE OP PRODUCTS, AND VALUE ADDED BY MANUFACTURE: 1909, 1904, AND 1899. Note.— The figures for some cities do not agree with those published hi 1904, because It was necessary to revise the totals In order to include data only for those establishments located withui the corporate Ihnits of the cities. Figures for 1904 and 1899 are available for cities which had between 8,000 and 10,000 inhabitants in 1900 ana are included, but for cities havmg less than 8,000 inhabitants In 1900 comparative data are not available. Table 113. CITY. NUMBER OF ESTAB- LISHMENTS. average NUMBER EARNERS. OF WAGE VALUE OF PRODUCTS. VALUE ADDED BY MANUFAC- TtmE (VALUE OF PRODUCTS LESS COST OF MATEELALS). Expressed in thousands. 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1901 1899 1909 1904 1899 Alabama; Anniston 39 31 248 27 126 73 35 57 35 18 83 71 125 42 51 27 84 48 76 51 1,325 441 88 30 37 53 211 41 117 1,796 153 51 34 144 23 59 35 25 2,167 1,816 8,999 786 2,362 2,284 813 304 656 2,157 1,455 335 2,017 1,118 915 746 1,084 946 1,938 277 17,327 6,905 499 224 147 267 4,514 729 1,071 28,244 1,430 265 274 1,594 203 516 2,005 1,445 $4,333 6,106 24,128 1,525 5,429 5,443 2,382 1,467 2,037 4,842 3,739 844 6,882 2,387 2,554 2,819 4,435 3,012 11,090 927 68,586 22,343 1,724 560 518 1,178 13,977 1,660 4,741 133,041 5,611 1,169 1,161 11,849 1,896 1,733 83,327 31,863 $1,509 1,867 10,118 621 2,490 2,420 787 603 767 2,157 1,733 541 2,868 1,033 1,625 1,119 1,748 1,518 3,098 429 29,673 10,496 870 330 279 511 7,083 897 2,074 56,824 2,368 473 493 3,529 492 910 $1,449 $804 Bessemer Birmingham 122 109 3,987 3,490 7,593 8,599 3,644 4,619 Gadsden Mobile 139 59 26 113 52 32 2,496 1,940 668 2,371 1,528 699 4,942 3,878 1,139 3,486 2,944 1,419 2,620 1,689 512 1,944 1,229 Selma 567 Abizona: Phnpniv Tucson Arkansas: Argenta Fort Smith 63 22 104 34 30 66 21 62 37 23 1,049 239 1,971 1,425 279 677 94 1,397 990 372 2,329 697 4,690 2,500 697 1,401 191 3,379 1,541 1,336 1,216 309 2,131 1,079 464 750 Hot Springs 106 liittleKocK 1,600 782 PineBIufE Caupoknia: 547 Bakersfield 44 22 338 211 1,474 651 692 259 Eureica 80 62 1,915 819 9,754 2,752- 2,926 i,648 T.nR Angplpfl. . 814 248 46 534 195 28 10,424 3,353 318 6,173 2,476 177 34,814 9,015 967 15,134 5,368 331 16,125 4,708 546 7,046 2,664 Pasadena 204 Pomona. 156 111 4,203 3,686 10,073 9,495 4,929 4,150 89 2,261 153 57 1,748 124 541 38,429 1,260 255 32,555 1,221 1,974 137,788 4,298 670 107,024 3,292 838 61,842 1,786 389 41,489 Pftn ,To-''p . 1,442 110 91 1,333 1,185 8,030 5,525 2,180 1,538 Vallejo CJOLOBADO: 49 22 722 32 80 34 35 574 34 69 410 51 9,672 861 941 409 167 8,500 1,227 790 1,101 223 36,660 5,446 2,197 845 441 37,906 5,883 1,440 690 147 15,660 1,562 1,266 480 CrI'DTile Creek 266 766 12,058 51,538 20,611 13,434 Leadville 1,043 Pueblo . . 94 30 63 367 131 396 120 68 24 111 590 70 91 86 54 169 47 261 518 114 66 60 215 37 483 71 23 55 80 36 137 21 50 1,320 220 4,137 25,775 4,810 14,627 7,845 2,434 3,464 13,513 23,647 2,225 4,470 3,984 4,488 20,170 3,020 14,663 7,707 1,988 2,431 961 8,996 %2 12,302 5,073 385 4,661 3,729 1,014 2,727 1,130 411 3,345 814 20,088 65,609 10,318 40,680 16,317 4,955 11,033 22,021 51,071 4,483 9,389 8,739 12,550 50,350 6,733 38,069 25,289 6,722 3,965 1,963 17,653 2,112 33,038 10,456 672 8,552 10,703 1,864 6,734 1,203 1,661 1,848 503 5,477 27,662 5,439 22,817 9,374 2,012 3,704 13,693 26,752 1,952 4,587 5,035 5,087 21,624 3,539 16,093 15,042 2,725 2,322 1,008 10,280 783 16,620 3,854 414 2,990 3,833 786 3,385 591 766 768 Trinidad 49 306 103 340 97 65 22 95 490 57 87 62 43 143 35 245 482 125 73 39 141 28 294 64 29 52 61 49 286 104 322 92 60 22 82 437 54 89 49 37 124 30 262 491 74 53 32 70 27 196 80 25 58 66 3,394 19,492 4,515 11,221 7,281 2,318 3,628 10,073 21,437 2,554 3,706 3,341 4,025 15,406 2,852 13,508 6,299 2,650 2,466 1,206 5,831 509 11,891 4,839 254 4,434 3,661 3,288 17,038 3,939 10,677 6,689 2,495 3,160 8,019 17,594 1,963 3,172 2,445 3,161 13,225 2,258 14,498 6,155 1,238 1,809 578 3,919 589 7,966 5,563 351 4,110 2,994 19, 132 44,586 8,066 25,974 13,764 4,351 11,010 14,960 39,666 4,710 6,022 5,890 9,674 32,367 4,902 30,285 18,359 5,340 4,254 1,937 11,264 1,158 25,746 8,829 407 7,080 7,297 18,515 33,536 6,527 23,829 11,751 4,152 8,887 11,096 34,900 4,221 5,935 3,920 9,178 30,330 3,023 30,587 16,426 1,799 3,088 1,063 7,083 678 14,419 7,984 703 5,061 5,452 3,824 22,252 4,371 14,487 8,120 1,788 3,750 9,292 21,145 2,183 2,979 3,560 3,769 14,597 2,832 12,164 10,627 2,550 2,448 1,117 6,713 405 12,305 2,876 220 2,796 3,181 3,559 16,249 .3,269 Hartford 12,460 6,645 Middletown 1,799 2,815 New Britain 6,500 18,764 1,959 Vorwich ' 2,889 2,220 2,917 12,128 WUllmantic 1,663 Delaware: Wilmlnpton 12,711 8,951 Florida: 993 K'pv Wpst 1,857 551 3,717 Ceobgia: 264 Atlanta 6,976 2,837 304 2,105 2,301 122 82 3,230 2,249 6,340 3,750 3,086 1,942 Boise 72497°— 13 34 530 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— MANUFACTURES. CITIES OF 10,000 INHABITANTS OR OVER— NUMBER OP ESTABLISHMENTS, AVERAGE NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS, VALUE OP PRODUCTS, AND VALUE ADDED BY MANUFACTURE: 1909, 1904, AND 1899— Continued. [See explanatory note on the first page of this table.] Table 113— Continued. NUMBER OF ESTAB- LISHMENTS. AVERAGE NDMBEB EARNERS. DF WAGE VALUE OF PRODUCTS. VALUE ADDED BY MANUFAC- TURE (VALtTE OF PRODUCTS LESS COST OF MATERIALS). Expressed in thousands. 1909 1904 1S99 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 Illinois: Alton . 69 165 119 107 56 33 42 9,656 79 7 76 157 139 115 60 69 62 57 137 55 29 40 35 66 23 62 103 96 81 67 59 97 89 68 53 2,429 5,096 1,872 2,077 1,237 1,262 273 293,977 3,963 668 1,744 2,699 6,262 6,094 837 2,863 1,465 947 6,383 1,349 1,293 220 948 5,449 282 3,069 4,078 1,766 2,276 1,435 2,174 3,949 1,335 1,671 1,501 $10,096 10,954 4,615 4,868 4,440 2,942 846 1,281,171 10,839 1,461 3,351 9,768 18,228 11,120 3,778 7,811 2,919 2,299 38,817 2,723 5,308 570 1,434 20,892 1,118 18,697 7,329 4,357 5,777 4,382 14,260 6,638 2,873 3,012 3,116 $2,834 5,373 2,291 2,341 1,483 1,759 427 487,701 5,227 728 1,921 3,850 6,788 P. 682 1,428 3,394 1,503 992 11,059 1,230 2,380 280 765 9,703 727 $3,274 3,791 2,670 2,286 1,644 $1,778 3,046 Belleville 1,938 1,417 Cairo . . . 1,216 36 8,159 33 7,668 289 241,984 245 221,191 486 965,036 354 797,879 328 365,122 222 295,657 Chicaeo Heierhts 70 116 91 76 33 61 58 55 104 49 24 39 34 62 72 108 68 80 27 51 39 55 135 36 26 36 39 55 1,884 2,340 4,505 4,885 738 1,516 1,447 899 5,792 1,038 1,197 236 1,022 3,987 957 1,920 3,106 4,376 400 1,333 1,070 1,066 5,792 377 917 188 632 4,138 3,304 8,667 10,586 9,349 2,551 3,109 2,218 1,982 32,897 2,089 3,158 784 1,309 13,158 1,914 5,134 6,241 6,386 830 2,708 1,450 1,684 26, 132 649 3,309 375 764 9,302 1,639 3,074 4,890 5,269 968 1,686 1,282 880 11,638 1,063 1,280 409 787 6,263 867 Decatur . 1,775 East St. Louis 2,663 Elgin 3,772 468 Freeport 1,394 830 834 Joliet .. . 8,939 360 LaSalle ■ 912 T/iTK^ol" . . 219 418 Moline 4,704 54 263 234 72 180 122 34 41 102 57 291 198 66 169 106 42 32 96 1,127 6,834 4,602 1,703 7,239 3,071 1,544 825 3,079 1,020 6,996 3,815 1,885 5,851 2,199 1,283 495 3,637 2,078 60,420 10,748 6,333 16,276 5,797 1,889 3,962 8,181 1,738 44,569 7,919 4,622 11,022 3,467 1,245 733 8,296 1,305 44,585 5,560 2,753 7,210 3,307 1,305 1,004 3,321 987 Peoria 283 235 74 205 171 45 59 116 16 69 37 299 230 49 33 855 35 72 69 41 68 89 48 42 102 95 31 107 218 170 84 34 128 153 69 101 232 387 156 44 44 91 49 49 113 93 136 108 68 47 36 5,981 4,032 1,764 9,309 3,652 1,276 3,090 4,393 2,370 3,010 2,073 8,997 10,298 3,841 1,376 31,815 766 2,051 1,660 1,674 2,169 2,269 2,887 3,446 4,033 1,910 619 3,621 11,789 4,359 1,233 330 4,190 3,565 2,414 1,434 4,231 6,383 5,168 1,115 282 1,541 1,365 807 3,496 2,660 3,760 3,124 824 1,069 266 63,061 11,436 5,387 22,266 8,497 2,137 19,984 13,765 6,483 6,932 8,408 22,929 23,687 16,580 2,228 126,622 1,916 6,451 5,642 3,972 4,201 4,442 8,290 10,883 9,684 3,493 1,097 10,374 27,854 21,793 4,234 682 8,443 24,824 7,480 3,769 18,802 23,586 15,376 2,976 806 7,399 4,822 2,881 6,166 14,838 37,425 8,999 4,405 4,752 1,010 45,288 6,644 2,569 11,684 4,293 1,320 6,820 5,638 2,423 3,911 2,169 10,135 12,272 8,929 1,098 42,371 833 2,469 2,096 2,158 2,219 2,118 2,925 5,613 4,210 1,607 615 5,256 12,601 13,136 1,818 399 3,798 6,174' 2,850 1,812 7,231 10,020 6,266 1,163 465 2,n5 1,«3 1,085 3,428 2,672 7,037 4,357 1,268 1,260 340 31,584 3,668 Ilock Island 1,939 4,820 2,055 Sireatbr 883 395 Indiana: 2 3,856 F,si.>^EflTi rit.y 2,071 97 93 43 98 156 178 62 34 109 134 83 71 173 291 156 42 90 95 39 88 131 143 48 36 126 89 81 74 163 218 161 30 2,856 2,240 912 2,970 8,997 4,044 1,354 367 2,915 3,269 2,153 1,001 3,840 4,155 4,274 961 3,848 2,137 1,136 2,688 7,678 4,679 906 485 2,054 2,374 2,602 788 3,403 3,479 4,658 390 5,891 3,835 1,343 6,732 16,180 18,008 3,029 714 6,779 16,280 4,906 1,924 13,696 15,085 9,279 3,026 7,042 3,638 1,3.38 4,754 12,960 26,296 1,979 629 4,460 11,136 &203 1,692 9,872 8,397 9,651 1,006 2,671 1,794 718 3,731 7,010 10,361 1,288 415 3,073 4,000 2,260 994 4,867 6,441 4,573 1,324 3,194 1,522- Peru 667 2,623 6,119 Texie Haute 18,927 1,038 Iowa: 315 2,008 Cedar Rapids 2,973 2,293 Oouncil Bluffs 868 3,815 4,259 4,293 327 80 44 88 44 1,533 888 1,362 1,112 4,226 3,090 3,049 3,957 1,992 960 1,468. 1,161 107 62 106 90 60 105 61 123 55 39 2,763 2,304 2,299 1,674 798 2,589 1,820 2,463 804 583 5,040 10,374 14,761 4,694 3,829 5,220 8,683 14,227 2,088 2,093 2,025 1,841 3,365 1,945 873 1,706 Ottumwa .. 1,783 4,097 Waterloo... 745 Kansas: 591 CofEeyville 46 16 44 32 19 42 244 130 610 389 114 536 786 797 2,031 714 421 1,641 323 109 644 335 106 TTut-f'TilTi pnn 67 31 165 49 79 25 49 202 225 667 252 12,294 422 1,311 1,130 972 4,244 2,783 3,614 757 164,081 1,653 4,875 1,626 1,817 17,821 22,564 941 366 19,691 498 1,677 891 1,093 3,562 6,679 603 KansasClty 100 39 89 114 39 89 10,629 402 1,321 9,483 461 1,141 96,473 668 4,162 80,023 1,239 3,261 12,590 341 1,664 11,148 Lawrence 347 1,270 34 154 110 33 145 103 919 3,953 1,262 882 2,874 863 1,494 14,449 7,390 1,434 8,367 3,329 848 4,216 1,963 62* Topeka * 3,079 Wfchlta 973- • WhDe the population for 1900 was In excess of 10,000, statistics for that census are not available. ' Does not include statistics for Gary. STATES, CITIES, AND INDUSTRIES. 531 CITIES OF 10,000 INHABITANTS OR OVEE^NUMBER OF ESTABLISHMENTS, AVERAGE NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS, VALUE OF PRODUCTS, AND VALUE ADDED BY MANUFACTURE: 1909, 1904, AND 1899— Continued. [See explanatory note on the first page of this tahle.] .'•*. Vable 113— Continued. Kentucky: Covington.. Frankfort... Henderson.. Lexington.. Louisville.. Newport. . . Owensboro. Faducah... Louisiana: Alexandria... Baton Eouge. Lake Charles. Monroe New Orleans.. Shreveport. . . Maine: Auburn Augusta Bangor Bath Biddeford.. Lewis ton... Portland . . . Waterville.. Maetuvnd: Baltimore Cumberland. Frederick Hagerstown.. Massachusetts: Adams town Arlington town Attleborough town. Beverly Boston Brockton Brookllne town Cambridge Chelsea Chicopee Clinton town Everett Fall River Fitchburg Framingham town. Gardner town Gloucester Greenfield town Haverhill Holyoke Hyde Park town. . . Lawrence Leominster town. . . Lowell Lynn Maiden Marlborough Medford Melrose Methuen town Milfordtown New Bedford Newburyport Newton North Adams Northampton Peabody town Pittsfleld Plymouth town Qulncy Revere town Salem Somerville Southbridge town . . Springfield Taunton Wakefield town Waltham Watertown town Webster town Westfield town Weymouth town Winthrop town Wobum Worcester NUMBER OF ESTAB- LISHMENTS. 1909 196 31 43 85 903 144 30 33 33 23 848 61 83 40 122 43 83 271 33 2,502 71 55 76 31 19 128 63 !,165 196 16 275 110 58 39 62 288 122 27 52 102 47 346 187 40 162 94 320 431 86 59 40 25 19 53 207 74 46 60 71 74 71 32 183 14 155 114 36 346 146 23 80 25 23 91 41 7 59 580 1901 199 30 34 84 842 105 60 84 72 44 87 46 33 81 243 40 2,158 72 S6 67 23 18 108 71 !,747 201 13 262 130 40 35 51 234 107 36 50 132 320 179 40 187 65 256 431 59 46 37 24 44 176 69 48 58 77 76 44 35 161 12 143 78 32 296 127 22 60 20 16 86 46 52 470 1899 204 34 26 88 860 134 61 70 13 '688' 67 52 101 54 39 84 234 2,274 56 S4 80 26 12 108 73 2,878 186 8 243 120 46 22 52 240 115 34 46 137 390 158 33 167 70 286 423 53 50 36 16 60 171 64 45 68 66 27 153 17 162 85 32 278 114 25 74 27 51 47 465 AVERAGE NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS. 1909 3,942 637 1,088 1,032 27,023 2,632 1,064 2,613 513 357 736 681 17, 186 1,114 3,452 2,096 1,327 5,076 6,788 4,902 1,812 71,444 1,936 1,026 1,718 3,991 283 6,429 4,487 69,637 14,737 340 15,200 5,954 7,260 4,123 2,680 37,139 8,497 3,069 3,617 2,181 1,251 11,689 16,513 4,320 30,542 5,601 32,575 27,368 2,900 4,265 560 1,038 1,572 1,801 26,566 3,215 2,174 5,414 3,150 4,860 6,363 2,912 5,492 101 6,338 5,280 4,037 11,865 7,407 2,230 6,037 4,335 3,409 3,060 1,991 7 1,653 28,221 1904 3,703 525 459 1,114 24,985 1,958 1,392 2,841 620 17,468 1,162 2,652 1,860 1,496 1,950 4,764 6,167 4,345 2,011 65,050 2,276 1,032 2,210 3,994 209 5,044 2,083 69, 160 13,889 495 14,586 4,939 4,670 3,482 2,186 26,836 6,498 2,484 3,168 1,763 9,574 14,685 3,991 21,910 4,127 29,303 21, 540 2,954 3,479 484 1,571 1,482 22,796 1899 3,212 281 352 797 23,062 1,966 890 2,061 329 'ieiise' 736 2,749 2,018 1,511 2,097 4,375 6,677 3,763 1,926 66,571 1,643 939 1,515 3,182 122 4,811 2,275 62,863 10,296 324 11,070 2,969 4,085 3,836 1,877 30,646 6,218 2,207 2,896 2,367 9,761 12,519 2,483 20,899 3,412 29, 264 16,377 2,416 2,524 575 1,180 1,782 1,357 17,855 15,263 2,966 2,801 1,893 1,823 6,602 6,312 2,963 2,636 3,953 2,661 4,456 3,198 2,300 1,511 5,371 2,128 126 87 5,945 5,626 3,474 3,628 3,223 2,687 10,523 8,152 6,608 6,590 1,804 1,436 6,208 4,861 3,322 1,935 3,107 2,377 2,634 2,370 1,841 1,922 1,356 22,593 VALUE OF PRODUCTS. VALUE ADDED BY MAHUFAO- TURE (value OF PRODUCTS LESS COST OF MATERULS). Expressed in thousands. 1909 $8,712 3,083 2,932 2,861 101,284 6,491 3,505 4,967 1,279 658 2,251 1,256 78,794 3,643 8,843 4,662 3,346 9,012 10,475 11,960 3,179 186,978 4,534 2,911 3,197 6,410 696 15,160 8,653 237,457 45,972 632 44,227 17,003 19,219 7,845 8,747 64, 146 23,252 6,917 6,485 7,753 2,801 36,377 40,097 7,336 79,993 10,631 60, 271 71,503 8,206 10,382 2,046 2,825 3,476 4,442 53,238 6,931 6,279 10,316 6,999 16,549 15,215 11,618 10,505 407 14,576 38,687 6,269 31,773 15,380 6,627 7,814 11,646 11,296 7,362 0,627 42 5. 408 77, 148 1904 $6, 100 1,747 1,365 2,775 83,204 5,231 3,319 4,443 1,383 81,411 2,838 6,407 3,887 3,408 3,664 6,949 8,528 9,133 3,069 150,171 4,596 1,938 3,027 5,492 493 10,050 4,101 184,361 37,791 733 42,407 13,879 7,716 6,458 6,136 43,473 16,391 4,174 5,019 6,921 24,447 30,731 6,739 48,037 7,502 46,879 55,003 11,236 7,469 872 9,451 3,390 29,469 6,810 4,141 8,036 5,756 10,237 8,677 11,116 8,982 355 12,202 22,965 4,202 26,860 13, 646 4,808 7,150 15,525 5,868 6,818 4,922 4,654 52,145 1899 85,479 1.327 i;032 1,889 66, 110 3,648 1,740 2,977 718 57,446 1,556 6,965 3,313 3,336 3,697 5,472 7,779 7,334 2,284 135, 108 2,900 1,438 1,820 3,894 256 8,751 3,781 162,765 24,856 485 29,092 9,619 6,389 5,043 4,437 39, 103 13,008 3,007 4,386 6,293 23,419 24,093 4,384 41,742 5,397 41,203 39,347 6,602 4,498 1,132 3,416 2,552 23,397 6,141 3,679 10, 741 4,707 6,944 5,754 5,530 3,012 156 10, 711 20,065 3,512 18, 165 11,544 2,647 5,890 5,330 4,008 4,441 5,389 4,003 46,793 1909 t4,241 1,116 1,210 1,602 47, 156 3,125 1,253 2,619 681 322 982 710 30,062 1,554 3,053 2,178 1,499 4,114 5,200 5,941 1,408 79,954 1,858 836 1,399 3,328 384 8,347 5,362 112,880 17,407 336 20,661 6,434 8,267 3,629 4,241 28,622 8,810 3,506 3,662 2,983 1,767 13,691 17,796 3,985 34,565 4,965 27,440 30,142 3,818 4,007 796 1,236 1,250 2,063 24,674 3,150 2,896 4,739 3,836 5,367 6,687 3,143 6,661 116 5,936 6,764 3,144 17, 410 7,605 2,692 5,370 5,083 3,476 4,494 2,423 17 2,294 .34,547 1901 1899 J3,490 614 603 1,389 37,522 2,259 1,504 2,598 22,583 1,554 1,990 2,000 1,671 1,672 2,813 3,811 4,778 1,296 69,616 1,917 715 1,376 2,804 267 5,399 1,778 89,748 16,238 462 17,290 5,572 3,386 2,050 3,013 17,377 6,970 1,667 2,449 2,239 10, 190 14, 152 3,158 18,621 3,538 19,968 22,387 7,191 2,883 486 6,536 1,614 13,378 2,548 1,899 4,025 2,714 3,489 3,948 2,548 5,278 106 4,281 3,779 1,922 13,480 5,968 1,970 5,083 9,996 1,927 3,567 1,924 1,846 25, 134 $2,962 498 451 90S 31,234 2,075 825 1,642 331 17,061 665 1,978 2,101 1,431 1,759 2,506 4,061 3,731 1,238 59,885 1,226 519 721 2,181 144 4,965 1,632 80,470 9,522 266 12,319 4,058 2,689 2,328 1,963 21,033 5,528 1,315 2,102 2,061 8,425 11,387 1,877 16,900 2,628 20,924 14,876 2,618 1,664 592 1,270 1,086 11, 6U 2,090 1,785 5,694 2,167 1,870 2,676 1,966 2,103 106 4,127 3,344 1,730 9,263 6,004 1;393 4,001 1,831 1,546 2,856 2,211 1,124 23,323 532 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— MANUFACTURES. CITIES OF 10,000 INHABITANTS OR OVER— NUMBER OF ESTABLISHMENTS, AVERAGE NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS, VALUE OF PRODUCTS, AND VALUE ADDED BY MANUFACTURE: 1909, 1904, AND 1899— Continued. [See explanatory note on the first page of this table.] Table 113— Continued, NDMBEE OF ESTAB- LISHMENTS. AVERAGE NUMBEK OF WAGE EABNEBS. VALTTE'OF PEODUCTS. VALUE ADDED BY MANLTAC- TUEE (VALUE OF PEODUCTS LESS COST OF MATEEULS). Expressed in thousands. 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 Michioan: Adrian 80 58 63 105 182 2,036 39 104 524 59 14 19 169 193 169 64 34 52 101 42 82 203 47 61 194 63 1,102 69 719 '38 21 99 29 45 64 27 47 66 36 77 902 31 261 2,667 75 108 25 13 37 66 44 26 44 167 432 71 40 20 HI 51 64 43 175 104 36 27 94 97 45 74 365 42 163 25 46 54 244 51 65 67 65 120 173 1,362 34 70 388 63 46 71 75 177 1,259 26 63 382 1,059 1,432 573 4,175 4,737 81,011 720 7,088 17,590 1,940 201 66 4,797 6,272 6,285 2,125 498 1,700 4,622 1,739 1,680 6,990 1,005 1,220 6,083 807 26,962 626 19,339 688 188 2,032 648 799 1,524 428 1,202 2,445 1,336 830 14,643 999 5,390 87,371 935 2,131 170 97 226 662 420 428 616 2,140 8,023 6,306 310 1,790 2,693 3,030 1,709 2,146 24,735 7,312 992 264 728 7,519 2,957 2,387 16, 527 1,386 12,737 2,530 738 6,500 8,100 640 1,502 1,245 649 3,389 4,456 48,483 949 2,161 15,614 1,030 1,202 623 2,051 4,309 38,373 620 '1,960 12,929 16,086 3,964 1,866 20,174 10,294 252,992 1,074 24,118 42,231 4,622 377 132 14,006 17,904 16,667 3,344 1,254 3,728 9,648 5,894 3,688 18,833 4,619 2,289 17,180 3,723 165,405 2,299 58,990 2,686 519 11,199 1,251 3,113 4,238 1,114 2,229 6,195 6,446 4,136 54,704 1,984 17,626 328,495 2,333 5,382 777 591 1,243 2,464 1,303 1,171 1,837 7,010 60,854 92,436 1,862 5,897 6,477 6,370 3,483 3,818 46,812 17,326 2,871 602 2,260 73,641 5,895 4,070 49,138 3,725 29,147 8,894 1,978 13,142 20,413 1 3,018 J4,897 2,906 1,386 12,298 8,809 128,247 1,333 6,177 30,690 $2,125 2,273 1,377 6,301 9,011 88,366 610 4,713 22,229 tl,935 1,663 856 13,106 4,647 122,774 710 10,147 22,495 2,038 176 80 6,838 8,399 7,766 2,066 698 2,071 4,710 2,664 1,639 8,424 1,496 1,106 8,336 995 45,412 957 28,690 1,038 357 3,869 626 1,145 1,764 426 1,081 1,879 1,794 1,778 23,742 892 6,573 140,306 1,117 2,334 264 434 478 1,544 810 769 826 3,146 17,439 14,763 691 2,243 2,931 3,134 1,646 1,806 16,315 6,947 1,510 308 1,124 14,709 3,594 2,073 21,754 1,957 12,718 2,919 1,079 7,729 10,944 675 $2,068 1,220 612 8,314 3,861 61,666 929 2,408 16,268 $1,227 997 Ann Arhnr 592 Battle Creek 4,201 Bay City 3,776 Detroit 41,359 360 Flint , 1,959 11,108 Ironwood , . . . 13 16 147 167 98 47 31 45 70 47 74 179 38 46 163 54 876 39 614 36 14 14 117 129 74 56 29 38 67 47 78 184 33 36 126 47 789 30 537 32 87 73 3,967 5,666 2,982 2,084 738 1,489 3,078 1,296 2,136 4,445 895 1,108 3,987 724 21,671 414 14,363 955 90 80 3,716 3,870 1,425 2,103 836 1,703 3,078 1,092 2,026 4,205 317 909 3,658 520 19,620 607 13,019 829 202 247 8,348 13,142 6,887 3,257 2,364 2,974 6,319 3,047 3,715 10,079 2,412 2,177 10,139 3,422 121,163 1,800 38,319 2,784 145 196 6,710 7,186 2,942 3,625 1,585 4,076 4,528 2,471 3,627 8,663 728 1,201 7,811 1,887 94,408 1,561 30,066 1,801 124 105 4,076 6,246 3,414 1,983 972 1,601 2,793 1,312 1,968 4,712 985 1,079 6,506 893 32,281 683 18,831 1,300 90 100 Jackson 2,902 3,293 1,310 Mnntst-PA 2,249 772 Mftnnminpfi 2,239 2,2,'i9 Pontiac 869 Port Huron 1,875 3,569 Sault Ste. Marie 449 Traverse City 686 Minnesota: Dulutli 4,152 632 MirppflT>o!lR 25,498 St. Cloud 484 St. Paul 14,144 Stillwater . . 751 86 72 1,953 1,966 7,850 6,013 2,676 2,012 Meridian 63 24 32 58 45 56 612 28 219 2,482 60 82 19 42 16 24 66 41 46 585 32 184 2,646 57 79 12 1,346 316 1,031 1,811 262 680 11,039 496 4,663 82,698 974 2,158 138 834 648 987 1,238 299 682 9,699 656 5,095 64,832 909 1,710 126 3,267 820 1,888 3,564 3,927 3,006 35,573 801 11,574 267,307 1,692 5,293 638 1,924 1,115 1,368 2,699 3,061 2,326 23,588 792 11,362 193,733 1,283 3,434 354 1,216 317 896 1,408 1,440 1,046 16,048 402 4,764 129,567 867 1,901 243 809 534 Vicksburg 662 Missouri: 964 Jefferson City 930 760 Kansas City 11,057 Moberly 432 4,420 St. Louis 91,895 Sedalia 608 1,443 Webb City 140 Montana: » Butte . , . , 54 34 56 27 478 349 411 264 1,760 1,163 1,517 776 1,192 735 739 440 Mic^.cmilfl. Nebeaska: Lincoln 128 318 41 81 307 41 1,617 5,822 5,662 1,104 5,276 6,327 5,222 54,004 67,415 2,764 38,074 69,509 2,531 11,111 8,222 1,168 18,146 8,491 Nevada: New Hampshire: 17 80 42 60 55 155 78 27 17 86 40 57 53 166 72 38 2,282 2,654 2,859 1,685 1,957 17,679 6,159 638 2,810 2,432 2,797 1,576 1,535 17,862 5,777 1,323 5,989 5,374 6,043 2,691 3,097 30,697 12,858 2,602 5,985 4,211 5,440 2,584 2,152 24,628 10,096 3,961 2,324 2,543 2,173 1,314 1,377 11,990 4,375 1,714 2,874 2,123 2,167 Keene 1,138 9SS 10,825 3,970 2,086 New Jersey: 62 58 33 61 298 17 124 36 63 39 62 322 22 141 381 7,057 1,893 2,276 12,661 864 12,335 305 4,670 1,612 2,182 7,742 690 9,498 975 60,634 4,645 2,964 33,587 2,327 29,301 608 38,601 3,371 2,259 17,970 2,087 22,861 610 13,650 2,895 1,725 13,164 1,219 12,320 327 Bayonne . 4,807 1,665 Bridgeton 1,216 flamnRn 7,528 1,176 9,94S Hackensack town . 23 41 279 21 41 194 812 4,040 7,227 487 2,859 5,712 1,488 8,409 14,077 782 6,087 10,483 801 4,780 7,497 411 2,885 5,457 Irvington town 1 Does not include statistics for Great Falls. STATES, CITIES, AND INDUSTRIES. 533 CITIES OF 10,000 INHABITANTS OR OVEB^NUMBER OF ESTABLISHMENTS, AVERAGE NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS, VALUE OP PRODUCTS, AND VALUE ADDED BY MANUFACTURE: 1909, 1904, AND 1899— Continued. [See explanatory note on the first page ot this table.] Table 113— Continued. NUMBER or ESTAB- LISHMENTS. AVERAGE NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS. VALUI < OP PRODUCTS. VALUE ADDED BY MANUFAC- TURE (VALUE OF PRODUCTS LESS COST OF MATERIALS). Expressed in thousands. 1909 1904 1S99 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 New Jekset— Continued. Jeraey City 745 18 34 39 23 31 93 1,858 85 169 702 80 39 60 340 83 137 66 10 31 395 97 140 59 266 1,753 103 45 61 67 154 45 66 68 187 45 45 81 156 138 99 55 109 59 90 104 42 25,938 156 81 75 54 34 81 ■ 52 41 34 111 33 1,203 119 39 134 738 363 317 107 36 33 168 62 108 61 61 56 64 52 61 38 628 11 26 35 19 26 71 1,600 66 95 513 63 32 49 311 77 95 536 16 11 18 23 22 72 1,573 74 70 487 47 34 32 246 67 65 25,454 2,820 416 2,761 252 201 5,264 59,966 4,383 15,086 32,004 6,866 3,432 1,758 18, 543 2,894 2,782 1,608 476 687 '9,861 10,284 6,497 2,007 0,823 51,412 8,209 2,074 2,356 2,756 3,647 2,799 1,526 2,774 5,741 2,183 1,302 873 6,789 2,689 3,281 4,211 2,138 1,733 1,207 4,344 736 654,002 6,089 2,824 1,269 2,259 356 3,817 2,055 1,049 2,122 3,299 763 39,108 3,633 833 14,931 18,148 20,020 13,153 3,291 753 249 12,711 984 4,199 3,718 962 1,023 1,213 6,708 510 360 20,353 1,303 294 2,767 151 307 4,590 50,697 2,460 11,000 28,509 3,950 3,148 1,986 14,130 1,866 3,662 17,391 986 96 2,239 169 252 3,836 42,878 1,640 6,399 28,642 2,006 2,216 1,384 13,138 1,376 2,733 $128,776 8,306 1,117 4,182 1,026 724 10,006 202,511 9,176 41,729 69, 584 . 73,093 9,160 3,649 49,009 7,941 5,677 9,274 748 1,288 22,826 22,449 16,961 4,401 17,114 218,804 14,831 3,050 6,395 6,576 8,067 7,867 5,164 "4,877 14,171 3,648 3,506 1,920 14,720 6,674 5,986 8,460 8,168 4,668 3,376 9,928 1,669 2,029,693 28,652 9,600 4,948 10,005 1,329 10,413 7,888 3,137 6,243 9,161 2,296 112,676 14,423 2,337 38,165 49,435 37,980 31,199 8,627 1,669 816 59,334 3,250 10,460 23,271 2,031 2,376 3,006 16,778 2,477 1,910 $75,741 4,428 577 3,719 621 705 8,917 160,056 6,161 22,783 64, 673 34,800 6,684 3,672 32,360 3,512 5,947 $72,930 1,607 281 2,514 664 696 5,791 112,728 2,996 12,805 48,502 14,061 4,585 2,437 28,458 3,403 4,769 $39,468 3,043 633 2,583 357 356 5,466 87,832 5,488 17, 394 34,856 9,161 4,380 2,119 21,336 4,402 3,089 1,865 349 704 12,305 9,254 7,024 2,620 8,388 82,266 6,655 2,186 2,821 3,368 4,477 3,010 2,163 2,668 6,109 1,770 1,443 1,080 7,336 2,649 3,404 3,537 2,818 1,753 2,090 5,086 855 937,638 14,381 3,211 1,440 2,277 863 4,310 4,946 1,392 1,689 5,284 1,130 62,002 4,219 1,454 16,213 27,669 22,354 14,563 4,706 853 444 16,132 955 3,929 13,461 925 1,100 1,102 9,882 1,067 659 $26,942 923 370 2,335 202 406 4,759 69,366 3,509 9,673 27,232 4,484 3,118 2,418 14,809 2,120 2,825 $22,664 623 Long Brancli 172 MiUviUe 1,595 Montclairtown.. . 278 286 TCaw T*mTiPW'fiir, , . , . 2,797 61,956 Oipti.ppft, . 1,416 J'^'' 23,447 Perth. Amboy . . , . 2,714 1,782 Plainneld 1,624 11,877 Union town ... 1,995 2,240 Wp«!t Nfiw VnrV town New Mexico: New York: i Albany 490 89 111 51 241 1,538 98 67 63 38 142 611 98 120 M 219 1,478 'f, 46 41 144 8,976 7,993 6,660 1,603 6,636 43,567 6,910 2,355 2,282 3,395 3,208 8,106 6,261 6,895 1,573 5,011 34,275 8,273 1,600 1,412 2,533 3,670 20,209 15,007 13,421 3,589 13,907 147,378 10,290 3,084 4,674 9,909 6,308 17,269 10,643 9,675 2,573 10,639 105,627 11,031 2,273 3,064 5,226 6,697 10,832 6,154 5.176 1,805 7,486 59,011 4,006 2,009 1,976 6,160 3,307 9,762 Auburn 4,363 Batavia village . Bunalo 39,688 Coming 1,353 Cortland Dunkirk Elmira 2,695 Geneva 54' 49 180 45 48 67 149 100 93 49 109 60 64 79 28 20,839 86 38 65 41 49 57 183 48 45 62 108 115 109 52 124 61 37 93 25 19,243 93 34 74 47 1,580 2,052 5,048 2,200 1,524 873 5,237 2,426 2,636 2,621 2,323 1,596 670 4,013 517 464, 716 4,574 2,025 929 1,175 1,180 3,101 7,813 1,649 1,132 861 4,628 3,695 2,042 2,980 2,369 1,396 438 3,074 198 388,586 2,840 1,656 809 1,793 4,962 2,826 9,341 3,163 4,116 2,080 10,360 4,643 4,812 4,471 5,808 3,366 1,877 7,036 1,103 1,526,623 16,916 6,499 3,057 4,677 2,716 3,994 9,070 2.431 2,604 1,601 7,731 5,123 3,952 4,071 5,353 2,156 910 5,358 608 1,172,870 8,640 6,294 2,261 6,210 1,966 1,633 4,089 1,699 2,038 1,261 6,099 1,982 2,700 1,936 2,492 1,400 1,092 3,760 641 708,494 7,724 1,965 794 1,380 1,066 Glens Falls 830 230 538,660 3,652 2,050 1,395 Olean Ossinhig village 77 46 39 75 37 39 3,746 1,957 760 3,457 1,281 621 7,592 7,262 1,057 7,487 1,783 1,043 2,875 4,970 547 3,176 1,022 519 Plattaburg Port Chester village Poughkeepsie 108 118 3,775 2,810 7,207 6,676 3,674 '""43,"i9i' 2,937 1,007 16,687 18,605 18,115 10,106 3,909 899 2,695 Kensselaer 1,109 89 35 103 637 311 333 85 36 1,221 87 44 83 630 327 311 91 41 31,779 3,209 590 14,316 14,654 19, 114 10,882 3,020 1,111 28,049 2,274 602 8,494 11,809 22,933 8,898 3,223 1,000 81,109 8,631 1,709 33,084 34,687 31,861 22,880 7,261 1,738 59,669 6,649 1,334 17,606 26,546 28,739 16,479 6,888 1,507 31,424 2,087 666 13,998 17,277 8,286 3,180 774 Utica Watervliet White Plains village 106 45 73 107 37 57 9,779 792 2,234 7,555 804 2,787 33,549 1,918 4,860 17,304 1,300 4,187 10,219 671 1,981 7,762 NoETH Carolina: 479 1,583 , Durham 63 42 53 47 47 43 39 50 30 36 1,098 585 1,694 4,850 386 677 649 1,563 2,894 307 1,744 1,087 2,904 11,353 1,161 920 947 2,283 4,888 1,231 766 575 1,189 7,510 606 418 614 891 3,255 North Dakota: Fargo 448 Grand Forks Does not include statistics for Lackawanna. 534 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— MANUFACTURES. CITIES OF 10,000 INHABITANTS OR OVER— NUMBER OF ESTABLISHMENTS, AVERAGE NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS. VALUE OF PRODUCTS, AND VALUE ADDED BY MANUFACTURE: 1909, 1904, AKD 1899— Continued. [See explanatory note on the first page of this table.] Table 113— Continued. Ohio: I Akron Alliance Ashtabula Bellaire Cambridge Canton Chillieothe Cincinnati Cleveland Columbus Dayton East Liverpool. Elyria Flndlay Hamilton Ironton Lancaster Lima Lorain Mansfield Marietta Marion Massillon Middletown Newark Norwood Piqua Portsmouth Sandusky Springfield Steuben ville Tiflin Toledo Warren Youngstown Zanes ville Oelahoha: Chickasha Enid Guthrie McAlester Muskogee Oklahoma City. Shawnee Tulsa Oregon: Portland . Salem Pennsylvania: AUentown Altoona Beaver Falls borough . . Bethlehem borough ^ Braddock borough Bradford Butler borough Carbondale Carlisle borough Carnegie borough Chambersburg borough. Chester Columbia borough Connells ville borough Dubois borough Dunmore borough Eaaton Erie Greensburg borough Harrisburg Hazleton Homestead borough Johnstown Lancaster Lebanon ^ , McKeesport McKees Rocks borough.. Mahanoy City borough . . Mead ville Mount Carmel borough. . Nanticoke borough New Castle Norristown borough Oil City Philadelphia Phoenixville borough Pittsburgh Pittston NUMBEB OF ESTAB- LISHMENTS. 1909 1904 1S99 246 44 44 36 32 204 57 2,184 2,148 686 513 82 58 74 125 63 42 85 57 121 66 55 56 41 72 49 82 75 91 195 55 75 760 68 115 109 30 65 34 29 64 171 40 53 049 62 274 44 44 49 41 82 61 34 50 19 57 128 47 39 37 18 126 391 47 199 77 26 97 306 109 68 31 33 62 20 17 82 111 34 8,379 31 1,659 40 186 40 36 37 34 158 64 2,171 1,616 459 431 81 50 71 113 57 42 77 43 109 73 47 52 47 78 76 81 93 157 72 87 597 S3 113 34 437 257 73 42 175 62 27 82 300 103 75 52 19 12 71 84 36 7,087 31 1,562 40 178 39 29 30 28 164 46 2,464 1,360 408 425 75 32 80 97 53 36 76 26 95 77 34 49 41 68 100 81 164 54 75 445 44 103 115 216 57 47 47 44 131 121 44 53 34 24 15 18 97 106 261 260 176 45 15 66 284 97 67 29 46 9 17 71 77 42 7,503 32 1,301 27 AVEBAGE NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS. 1909 15,831 2,524 1,471 2,697 1,230 9,964 1,674 60,192 84,728 16,428 21,549 4,873 2,673 1,37ft 6,895 1,920 1,632 3,607 6,697 3,204 1,288 2,619 1,934 2,576 3,913 3,907 2,683 3,728 2,118 7,405 4,267 1,632 18,878 1,798 10,498 3,160 364 303 282 180 381 1,398 1,014 462 12,214 597 11,481 8,409 2,180 1,583 1,840 1,318 2,823 1,503 1,334 422 1,364 6,986 2,773 1,035 1,015 1,308 3,388 9,790 310 9,743 2,682 171 10,674 7,957 6,591 8,246 3,691 590 2,048 600 348 5,339 3,818 1,338 261,884 2,599 67,474 792 1904 9,628 1,442 846 2,183 814 5,938 1,563 58,584 64,041 14,350 17,093 5,228 1,144 1,343 6,107 1,800 1,695 2,733 3,102 3,021 1,314 1,721 1,995 1,814 3,627 2,044 4,072 2,323 6,258 4,184 1,645 15,697 1,505 8,095 333 '726' 8,171 8,984 9,540 2,232 1,225 1,490 2,093 1,475 1,340 843 7,061 3,034 1,057 1,133 2,720 8,416 238 1,300 197 229 5,433 3,617 1,657 228,899 2,888 71,618 830 1S99 8,259 1,486 373 1,928 768 5,149 1,112 54,942 55,341 13,787 14,408 4,171 638 1,107 5,147 1,577 1,069 1,980 2,233 2,622 1,511 1,171 1,474 1,578 2,075 1,955 4,153 1,453 6,299 1,773 1,238 12,747 1,832 8,679 3,405 241 "226' 5,380 7,355 6,573 2,174 815 1,200 792 1,023 1,121 612 6,972 2,519 817 614 3,202 8,032 7,955 6,439 1,406 822 307 164 6,914 5,600 8,693 7,604 4,387 4,475 8,848 7,213 301 1,201 109 140 4,529 2,944 1,683 214,775 2,249 71,794 357 VALUE OF PRODUCTS. 1909 $73,158 6,135 3,459 10,091 4,291 28,583 4,345 194,516 271,961 49,032 60,378 6,629 8,065 3,487 18,184 7,118 4,074 7,754 38,987 8,173 3,214 5,667 4,788 16,517 7,851 9,684 6,931 7,277 5,947 19,246 21,187 3,254 61,230 5,988 81,271 9,145 1,867 2,453 1,443 451 2,279 7,868 2,081 1,563 46,861 2,208 26,263 16,763 6,400 3,712 5,094 3,887 11,058 2,523 2,496 3,099 2,456 19,373 4,807 1,971 1,890 1,851 6,915 24,226 726 22,725 4,707 659 48,106 15,979 11,429 42,495 9,787 868 3,569 785 423 38,038 7,413 4,122 746,076 5,876 243,454 1,969 VALUE ADDED BY MANUFAC- TURE (VALUE OF PRODUCTS LESS COST OF MATERIALS). ' Expressed in thousands. 1904 $33,669 3,647 1,896 10,712 2,441 10,591 3,147 166,059 171,924 39,530 39,597 6,437 2,933 2,925 13,811 4,755 3,848 4^828 14,491 7,354 2,599 3,228 3,707 8,538 5,613 4,036 6,646 4,879 13,382 12,370 2,434 44,501 4,414 46,853 6,347 1,200 '3,'67i' 28,651 16,841 14,350 4,908 4,125 3,192 6,832 2,316 1,986 1,085 16,645 3,887 2,607 1,460 5,059 18,639 16,571 2,186 713 28,892 14,648 6,978 23,054 431 2,075 620 358 28,923 6,925 3,082 591,388 5,500 211,259 1,475 1899 $22,016 3,203 884 8,838 2,202 9,575 1,616 141,678 139,356 34,748 31,015 4,749 1,221 1,686 10,656 5,411 1,905 6,223 9,481 6,076 2,398 2,426 2,749 6,800 2,879 5,652 6,669 2,834 12,116 4,647 1,902 31,976 4,585 33,908 5,708 649 '845' 16,904 14,990 11,273 6,229 4,091 3,125 1,403 1,146 1,708 815 14,940 4,214 1,768 1,132 5,425 16,493 14,996 999 266 21,365 12,760 7,658 36,058 401 1,668 393 310 20,018 4,107 5,164 619,982 3,322 218,198 1909 $30,087 3,282 1,375 2,932 1,406 13,939 1,307 92,584 117,046 23,828 32,860 4,108 3,670 1,393 8,644 2,124 1,023 3,885 14,765 3,817 1,427 3,099 2,498 8,567 3,869 5,663 3,079 3,383 3,112 10,327 6,744 2,002 27,146 2,924 18,979 3,641 682 646 496 266 801 2,722 91$ 689 20,785 1,031 10,682 7,629 3,385 1,382 1,747 1,445 3,464 1,270 1,065 658 1,286 7,797 2,136 1,154 964 1,181 3,491 12,162 396 8,642 2,005 337 15,758 7,138 4,651 15,199 4,380 485 1,843 369 243 7,064 4,139 1,822 316,984 2,159 94,927 902 1904 $13,149 1,646 899 3,396 921 5,997 1,219 82,801 74,346 20,286 21,092 4,330 1,338 1,346 7,427 1,332 1,347 2,573 4,783 3,831 1,233 1,876 2,125 4,846 3,180 2,128 3,125 2,743 7,620 4,127 1,434 19,035 2,366 11,670 3,056 499 'i'.m 11,627 6,968 7,102 2,666 1,387 1,599 2,172 1,203 857 616 6,223 1,434 910 2,375 9,212 6,244 1,056 448 9,137 7,050 3,699 10,744 1,111 193 198 7,711 3,058 1,748 258,036 2,477 86,678 747 1899 $9,296 1,555 357 2,851 885 5,226 738 70,287 62,891 18,496 16,685 3,286 481 935 5,653 2,266 846 2,287 2,996 3,371 1,248 1,460 1,486 3,327 1,699 1,942 3,264 1,627 6,827 2,141 1,094 12,679 2,042 10,775 2,622 6,727 6,013 4,390 2,370 1,526 1,490 883 676 661 337 6,369 1,642 615 642 2,232 8,285 5,991 706 165 7,457 6,297 2,913 14,223 288 779 133 128 6,870 1,948 1,476 224,807 1,475 89,740 375 1 Does not include statistics for Lakewood. ' While the population for 1900 was in excess of 10,000, statistics for that census are not available. STATES, CITIES, AND INDUSTRIES. 535 CITIES OF 10,000 INHABITANTS OR OVER— NUMBER OF ESTABLISHMENTS, AVERAGE NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS, VALUE OF PRODUCTS, AND VALUE ADDED BY MANUFACTURE: 1909, 1904, AND 1899— Continued. [See explanatory note on the first page of this table.] Table 113— Continued. NUMBER OP E3TAB- LISHMENT8. AVERAGE NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS. VALUE OF PRODUCTS. VALUE ADDED BY MANUPAC- TXJRE (VALUE OF PRODUCTS LESS COST OF MATERULS). Expressed in thousands. 190B 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 Pennsylvania— Continued. 23 78 91 293 39 45 29 49 23 77 79 402 258 48 37 30 46 IS 32 24 65 77 403 247 46 35 22 38 18 29 908 3,650 2,872 24,145 12,851 1,623 3,316 242 7,985 827 3,457 1,904 18,053 10,912 897 1,812 170 6,764 4,656 1,457 756 2,681 1,699 16,892 11,139 762 1,827 107 4,645 4,762 968 11,179 12,505 9,138 51,135 26,386 3,544 9,881 888 26,417 $860 8,145 5,806 30,491 20,453 1,444 5,671 695 15,275 15,746 2,593 JS33 7,367 4,830 32,682 24,742 1,147 3,765 302 9,964 14,034 1,868 $476 3,606 3,211 21,287 12,083 1,415 3,198 652 10,450 $413 2,707 1,781 13,782 9,200 418 1,880 414 8,014 4,996 891 $292 Pottstown borough £,513 1,400 Reading 15,686 7,522 Shamokin borough 447 1,801 php.Tiarninah hnrniigh , , 208 5,102 4,093 pnnhnry hnrongh. . . 39 41 72 76 35 176 24 159 218 99 43 28 29 26 64 217 1,080 49 130 116 56 41 36 37 83 185 42 159 329 384 108 56 9 24 305 29 88 147 81 249 23 22 20 45 26 194 36 37 23 92 68 245 139 82 63 64 52 82 215 72 31 380 62 44 2,069 335 1,489 2,126 916 7,653 186 5,641 10,492 18,283 2,475 1,711 5,359 2,041 726 15,275 46,381 6,471 10,703 2,874 2,522 1,182 1,773 '295 677 6,410 1,405 2,773 7,927 9,721 754 863 51 825 4,832 833 1,752 2,059 1,094 5,338 213 977 745 641 115 3,105 273 366 484 1,033 1,323 4,287 2,340 2 371 1,636 1,470 3,076 4,026 4,749 3,887 842 14,849 3,544 339 4,450 1,347 6,744 4,837 2,146 13,526 538 13,348 18,622 103,288 5,471 5,625 9,827 7,146 1,379 37,696 120,241 10,589 28,218 6,951 6,872 2,142 3,276 1,575 2,889 16,036 2,710 8,149 30,242 29,650 2,845 4,831 121 1,577 26,959 1,314 3,637 8,661 6,308 23,015 221 1,787 1,313 1,430 318 13,435 4,676 1,346 996 4,769 3,713 13,351 3,852 6,800 2,680 4,420 5,389 10,188 10,341 8,896 1,528 47,358 7,261 1,223 2,222 968 2,068 2,390 1,479 7,093 276 6,288 9,766 25,328 2,090 2,738 5,209 2,086 809 16,156 65,471 5,195 11,456 2,722 2,294 914 1,191 564 1,260 7,602 1,495 3,048 12,391 12,194 1,218 1,387 75 718 9,993 721 2,141 3,395 2,041 8,694 147 984 691 568 185 6,483 629 512 459 1,804 1,648 6,736 2,744 2,477 1,473 1,689 2,153 3,720 4,859 3,137 752 23,106 3,217 1 327 710 Warren borough 63 43 1,174 1,050 4,666 3,681 1,947 1,627 West Chester borough 35 129 30 115 228 35 138 16 142 241 849 5,920 184 5,296 7,952 497 4,749 100 4,717 6,861 2,121 11,000 472 11,367 13,333 859 8,617 246 9,726 10,660 1,447 5,735 237 5,351 6,863 543 WUkes-Barre 4,308 120 WilUamsport ". 4,125 York 5,100 All nthpr oitinn 9 Rhode Island: 33 13 19 21 46 186 881 37 103 108 41 36 35 36 13 10 15 43 191 929 27 104 104 41 22 28" 2,443 587 4,674 1,381 849 12,054 39,804 6,153 8,672 3,460 2,393 1,204 1,650 2,372 493 1,500 836 881 10,712 38,368 5,465 7,591 3,187 2,091 770 1,361 5,091 1,639 5,965 5,544 1,347 25,847 91,981 7,052 19,261 6,007 4,677 1,677 2,127 4,511 1,403 1,758 5,347 1,575 19,272 78,657 6,020 14,745 5,713 3,134 967 1,591 1,761 1,043 2,858 1,290 791 11,735 42,008 3,204 8,682 2,269 2,035 576 683 1,785 790 1,164 East Providence town 1,059 Newport 922 Pawtucket Providence 36,106 3,579 Woonsocket 7,576 South Carolina: Charleston 2,208 Greenville 249 685 South Dakota: Sioux Falls 61 177 42 138 289 257 62 40 48 149 33 102 223 237 84 30 465 6,420 1,268 2,999 7,374 8,032 641 732 311 4,729 1,018 4,203 6,626 6,726 495 1,005 1,898 14,261 2,318 6,699 20,043 21,567 1,669 2,610 884 10,518 1,577 6,202 14,233 15,301 765 1,913 832 6,787 1,135 2,698 8,704 9,085 798 1,098 663 Tennessee: 4,097 6,354 Nashville Texas: 303 816 Eeaumont Brownsville Cleburne Pallas - "■'247' 25 54 102 67 209 18 ""m 29 38 68 100 145 14 '"'3,' 445' 725 1,158 1,423 761 5,056 515 "■■■2;842' 668 716 943 1,422 3,188 372 ■■■■i5,'628' 1,235 2,378 5,668 2,997 13,564 454 9; 488" 840 1,213 3,488 3,675 7,492 331 ■'6,'42i' 644 1,247 2,479 1,398 5,947 258 ""i,mo 461 1,341 3,297 192 Laredo Marshall 17 29 "■■ i9 27 544 210 481 263 735 855 704 743 430 327 355 282 Paris 141 39 113 31 2,457 307 2,683 314 7,402 2,641 5,989 1,461 3,661 492 3,033 391 Sherman Temple 21 76 63 192 105 67 61 51 34 65 121 72 28 300 54 16 80 51 164 146 78 61 57 46 61 140 77 22 276 38 368 947 1,013 2,776 2,198 2,300 1,803 1,291 3,018 2,534 2,935 3,288 551 12,444 3,089 431 1,004 678 2,154 1,875 2,232 1,496 859 2,933 1,487 2,638 3,608 471 13,715 2,431 629 2,980 2,507 7,544 3,373 6,356 2,523 2,187 4,775 4,965 5,739 5,891 945 27,745 5,545 682 2,294 1,242 4,279 2,761 6,066 1,959 1,539 3,694 2,994 4,692 5,293 960 24,669 5,398 318 1,201 1,109 4,029 2,464 2,652 1,361 1,195 2,009 2,082 2,537 2,097 459 13,982 2,313 330 968 Utah: 563 2,303 Vermont: 1,978 869 13,184 Roanoke Staunton » — 1 iSdnd^- Coat^wuf DuqC'ne, M'onessen, North Braddock, Old Forge, South Sharon, and Steelton boroughs, to • Does not include statistics for Newport News. avoid disclosure of individual operations. 536 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— MANUFACTURES. CITIES OF 10,000 INHABITANTS OR OVER— NUMBER OF ESTABLISHMENTS, AVERAGE NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS, VALUE OF PRODUCTS, AND VALUE ADDED BY MANUFACTURE: 1909, 1904, AND 1899— Continued. [See explanatory note on the first page of this table.] Table 113— Continued. Washington: Aberdeen Beliingham Everett North Yalcima Seattle Spokane Tacoma WaUa Walla... West Vieginu: Bluefleld Charleston Huntington.... Martinsburg. . . Parkersburg... ^ Wheeling Wisconsin: Appleton Ashland Beloit Eau Claire Fond du Lac.. Green Bay Janesville Kenosha La Crosse Madison Manitowoc Marinette Milwaukee Oshkosh Racine Sheboygan Superior , Wausau Wyoming: Cheyenne All other cities I .. NUMEEK OP ESTAB- LISHMENTS. 1909 1904 1899 276 48 15 63 67 39 75 176 97 38 51 75 97 102 78 62 151 116 80 43 1,764 159 142 109 99 67 22 142 467 188 236 33 195 108 37 44 73 85 103 73 45 150 84 76 37 1,627 134 148 96 72 58 352 84 174 34 72 178 88 41 43 64 74 79 72 38 131 69 62 45 1,419 129 135 80 75 56 AVERAGE NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS. 1,509 1,566 2,375 602 11,331 3,989 5,765 670 951 3,156 1,420 1,495 7,809 2,126 1,116 2,986 2,524 2,707 2,679 1,461 6,449 3,329 1,792 1,525 1,491 59,502 6,778 8,381 5,988 1,847 2,092 853 16,331 1904 1,314 6,390 2,428 4,457 242 887 2,229 1,444 7,127 1,361 2,471 1,985 2,566 2,111 1,348 4,354 2,644 1,476 1,321 1,645 43,366 4,840 6,504 5,903 1,343 1,945 552. 8,401 1899 1,602 4,440 1,060 3,652 213 1,717 1,237 6,190 1,661 1,812 1,845 1,758 1,520 1,427 1,398 3,090 2,763 1,366 975 2,485 41,220 4,226 6,138 4,992 1,765 423 6,892 VALUE or PRODUCTS. 1909 13,690 4,600 7,423 2,175 50,569 18,880 22,450 2,317 1,466 3,236 6,511 2,516 6,499 27,077 6,734 2,748 6,886 5,855 8,227 6,235 5,156 23,182 14,103 5,467 6,939 3,309 208,324 14,739 24,673 11,299 6,674 6,287 1,577 82,537 VALUE ADDED BY MANUFAC- TURE (VALUE OF PRODUCTS LESS COST OF MATERIALS). Expressed in thousands. 1904 S3, 294 25,406 8,831 14,264 1,486 2,101 4,407 3,778 21,797 6,673 4,210 4,486 3,602 5,600 4,873 3,846 12,363 8,139 3,291 4,428 3,633 137,996 8,652 16,459 9,751 6,357 4,645 925 22,346 1899 12,629 16,323 3,756 10,301 964 1,262 3,642 3,101 15,074 3,861 3,600 2,800 3,876 2,861 2,7C9 3,184 7,334 7,677 2,689 1,935 4,411 110,864 8,081 11,676 6,907 6,836 3,381 722 15,272 1909 $1,418 2,178 3,564 1,225 21,884 8; 637 8,734 932 576 1,098 3,129 1,239 1,939 11,052 2,477 1,262 3,447 2,881 3,153 2,342 2,279 8,409 6,306 3,130 1,976 1,606 87,703 7,658 13,161 5,210 2,302 2,962 970 22,218 1904 1S99 $1,643 11,048 4,131 6,107 567 1,103 1,731 1,290 2,647 2,018 2,650 1,803 2,289 2,177 1,790 4,971 3,414 1,998 1,488 2,052 66,892 4,220 9,316 4,198 1,709 2,096 617 11,389 $l,07ft 6,459 1,723 3,960 343 1,144 'i'2is 1,504 2,084 1,462 1,764 1,226 1,346 1,415 2,311 3,032 1,651 1,099 2,697 51,160 3,799 5,750 3,195 1,810 1,473 433 6,665 1 Includes Gary, Ind., Great Falls, Mont., Laclrawaima,N. Y., Lakewood, Ohio, and Newport News, Va., in 1909, and Great Falls, Mont., and Newport News, Va. im 1904 and 1899. MINES AND QUARRIES Chapter 16.— STATISTICS OF MINES AND QUARRIES FOR INDUSTRIES AND STATES. (537) Chapter 16. STATISTICS OF MINES AND QUARRIES FOR INDUSTRIES AND STATES. Introduction. — This chapter contains a summary of the statistics of mining for the United States for the calendar year 1909, as shown by the Thirteenth Census. The statistics relate both to mines in the narrower sense and to quarries and petroleum and gas wells, but for brevity all these enterprises are often called " mines, '^ using the term in its broad sense. The principal statistics of mining industries derived from the census inquiry are given in a series of general tables at the end of the chapter. Table 25 gives a comparative summary of the results of the inquiries of 1909 and 1902, comparing for each geographic divi- sion and state the expenses of operation and develop- ment, the primary power, and the value of products. Table 26 gives a similar comparative summary for each industry. Table 27 gives for the several geo- graphic divisions and for each state the number of operators; the number of mines, quarries, or weUs; capital; expenses of operation and development; num- ber of persons engaged in the industry; acreage of land controlled; primary power; and value of products. Table 28 gives similar information for each industry. Table 29 gives information similar to that contained in Table 28 for nonproducing mines, quarries, and wells, in which operations are as yet confined to devel- opment work. The explanatory text deals almost exclusively with the producing mines, quarries, and wells, and gives for all mining industries combined and for a number of the more important industries separately further statistics amplifying the figures given in the general tables, together with averages, percentages, etc., derived from the figures in those tables. In order to avoid any misapprehension as to the significance of the statistics here pubhshed, it seems advisable to offer a few brief explanations of the terms used in the census of mining industries. Scope of census. — ^The Thirteenth Census covered all classes of mines and quarries that were in operation during any portion of the year 1909, both those which were producing and those whose operations were confined to development work, and petroleum and gas wella that were in operation at the end of that year. Mines, quarries, or wells that were idle during the entire year 1909 were omitted from the canvass. The following operations were likewise omitted from the canvass: Prospecting; the digging or dredging of sand and gravel for the construction of roads and for building operations; the production of mineral waters; and the operation of small bituminous coal banks producing less than 1,000 tons an- nually. WTiere the mineral products are not marketed in their crude condition, but are dressed or washed at the mine or quarry^ the statistics of mining cover the entire work of obtaining the crude material and its preparation for the market. Period covered. — The returns cover the calendar year 1909, or the business year which corresponds most nearly to that calendar year. The statistics cover a year's operations, except for enterprises which began or discontinued business during the year. Number of operators. — ^As a rule, the unit of enumeration was the "operator." Every individiial, firm, or corporation was required to furnish one report for all mines, quarries, or wells which were operated under the same management, or for which one set of books of account was kept. Where several mines, quarries, or wells managed separately were owned by the same operator, it was optional with the operator to furnish one report for all his operations, or a separate report for each of his properties. Separate reports were obtained for all properties operated in different states, even where they were owned by the same operator. Likewise, where the operations of one individual, firm, or corporation covered more than one class of mines and quarries, such as coal, iron, limestone, etc., a separate report was received for each industry. The total number of operators, accordingly, as shown by the original returns, included a small amount of duplication. As far as practicable, all duplications of this character within the same industry were eliminated by the consolidation of the reports for the same operator. All such duplications have been eliminated for the coal, petroleum and natural gas, iron, and copper industries. Number of mines, quarries, and wells. — ^This figure represents the total number of mines and quarries in operation or in the course of development at any time during the calendar year 1909, or the business year that corresponds most nearly to that calendar year, and the number of completed petroleum and natural gas wells in operation on December 31, 1909. In most mining and quarrying industries the number of mines or quarries varies but little from the number of operators, the principal variations being found in the mining of anthracite coal, iron, and copper, with an average of more than two mines per operator; in the mining of tungsten, with an average of more than five mines per operator; and in the quarrying of gypsum, with an average of nearly three quarries per operator. In the production of petroleum and natural gas there was an average of more than twenty wells to one operator. Expenses of operation and development. — A certain amount of development work is incident to the operation of every mine. The expenses reported for producing mines include the cost both of operation and of development work which was done in connection with operation. Wages. — The amount shown as wages includes only the com- pensation of regular wage earners hired by the day, week, or month, or under the piecework system. There is a class of miners variously known under the local names of "leasers," "block lessees," etc., who are compensated by a share of the product. The compensation of such miners is included under the payments for "Contract work" in the general tables. Supplies and materials. — ^This item includes the cost of lumber and timber used for repairs, mine supports, track ties, etc.; iron and steel for blacksmithing; rails, frogs, sleepers, etc., for tracks; (539) 540 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— MINING. renewals of tools and machinery and materials for repairs; and sup- plies, explosives, oil, etc., as well as the cost of fuel and the rent of power. The schedule called only for the cost of such supplies and materials as had been used during the year covered by the report. Accurate figures, however, could be furnished only in those cases where the operators kept an accoimt of supplies and materials used, or had an inventory made of all in stock at the beginning and at the end of the year. Such a system of accoimting is far from general among mine operators, and there is reason to believe that in many cases the reported cost of supplies and materials covered all pur- chased during the year rather than those used during the year. The crude product of some operators was purchased by others for fm'ther dressing or refining; the cost of such materials is shown in a sepa- rate column in the general tables for producing mines, but in all other tables it is included in the general item of cost of supplies and materials. Miscellaneous expenses. — In the general tables royalties and the rent of mines, taxes, and the amounts paid for contract work are shown in separate colunms. All other expenses not enumerated separately are combined under the head of "Rent of offices and other sundry expenses, " which includes rent of offices and buildings other than those at the mine, quarry, or well, use of patents, insurance, ordinary repairs of buildings and machinery (not including materials therefor where carried in separate accounts), advertising, damages, traveling expenses, and all other sundry expenses. . Value of products. — Statistics of the value of each mineral prod- uct were obtained by the Bureau of the Census in cooperation with the United States Geological Survey, but the two bureaus follow different methods in presenting these statistics. The Geological Survey shows separately the value of each mineral product, whereas the Bureau of the Census presents the value of products of each mining industry. The value of products given for each mining industry often includes the value of some products not covered by the industry designation. The crude product of metal- liferous mines may include varying combinations of metals, such as gold, silver, copper, lead, zinc, and iron. Similarly, the total valueof all products of the granite quarries is not identical with the value of the total output of granite, but may include the value of some marble or other stone quarried in connection with the principal product. The value of products for 1909 in most cases represents the value of the products marketed diuing that year, not the value of those mined during that year. In this respect the data differ from those usually obtained for manufacturing establishments. In order to ascertain the value of the products mined during the year 1909, ac- count would have had to be taken of the inventories at the begin- ning and at the close of the year. In many mining industries, however, no such inventories are made, by reason of the purely speculative value of the crude product lying on the dump. Another element of inaccuracy inherent in the statistics as to the value of products is due to the combination of mining with manu- facturing. Most of the product of iron mines is not sold, but is used in blast furnaces operated by the owners of the mines. A large pro- portion of the output of coal is likewise used in iron and steel works operated by the owners of the coal mines, while a considerable pro- portion also is controlled by railway companies and other industrial concerns which own the coal mines, either directly, or indirectly throtigh subsidiary companies. In such ca.ses the reported value oi the mining product is often a mere item of bookkeeping which may or may not reflect the actual market value of the product. The total value of products for some industries includes a cer- tain amoimt of duplication, due to the fact that the crude product of some operators was used as material by others whose mines or quarries were equipped with dressing or refining plants; the total value of products for the industry, accordingly, includes both the crude product and the refined product made from it. In order to eliminate this duplication and to obtain the approximate value of products for each industry, the cost of such materials, which is shown in a separate column in the general tables for producing mines, should be subtracted from the total value of products for the industry. There is, however, a certain degree of inaccuracy in- volved in such a computation, because the purchaser of the crude product usually figures freight as a part of the cost of his materials, whereas the value reported by the producer represents the selling value at the mine. Cost of production and profits. — It can be seen from the preceding explanations that the difference between the reported value of products and the total expenses reported does not accurately repre- sent profits. As already stated the product reported usually repre- sents that sold rather than the actual output in producing which the expenses were incurred. Furthermore, the census inquiries did not call for depreciation, which is a particularly important element in mining because of the exhaustion of the mine. Few mining con- cerns keep a separate account for depreciation. Moreover, the heterogeneous character of the returns regarding capital precludes the computation, from census statistics, of the rate of return on the investment. Capital. — The census schedule required every operator to state the total amount of capital invested in the enterprise on the last day of the business year reported, as shown by his books. There is, however, a great diversity in the methods of bookkeeping in use by different operators. As a result, the statistics for capital lack uni- formity. Some of the reported figures apparently represent capital stock at face value; others include large investments in mineral lands which are not at present being actively mined, but are held in reserve; still others may include expenditures for unproductive mining ventures in no way related to the operations carried on during the census year. Persons engaged in mining industries. — The statistics of the num- ber of proprietors and officials, clerks, and wage earners, are based on the returns for December 15, or the nearest representative day. The reported number of wage earners includes overseers and fore- men performing work similar to that of the men over whom they have charge; those whose duties are wholly supervisory are classed as superintendents and managers. Because of the very common prac- tice of shutting down mines at frequent intervals, it is impossible to ascertain with any satisfactory degree of accmacy the average number of employees — that is, the number who, if continuously employed, would be required to produce the actual output of the year. Primary horsepower. — This item represents the total primary power generated by the mining enterprises plus the amount of power, principally electric, rented by them from other concerns. It does not cover the horsepower of electric motors operated by current generated by the enterprises themselves, the inclusion of which would evidently result in duplication. ' INDUSTRIES AND STATES. GENERAL SUMMARY. 541 Continental United States and noncontiguous terri- tory: 1909.— Table 1 gives for 1909 the principal statistics collected by the Bureau of the Census for all mines and quarries and petroleum and gas wells within the area of enumeration. In addition to continental United States this area included in 1909 Alaska, Hawaii, and Porto Rico. The figures here given include nonproducing as well as producing mines and constitute the most general summary of the results of the investigation. Table 1 Number of operators Number of mines and quarries •. Number of petroleum and gas wells Persons engaged in mining industries, Dec. 15,1909. . Proprietors and firm members, total Number performing manual labor in connec tion with mines, quarries, and wells Salaried employees Wage earners Primary horsepower Capital Expenses of operation and development Services Salaries Wages Supplies and materials Eoyalties and rent of mines Contract work • Miscellaneous Value of products NUMBEE OK AMOUNT: 1909 Total. 24, 355 27, 260 166, 448 1, 175, 188 35, 208 10, 740 46, 694 1, 093, 286 4, 722, 479 $3, 710, 356, 533 1, 087, 437, 081 662, 422, 226 56, 286, 988 606, 135, 238 263, 019, 615 65, 683, 384 32, 335, 580 63, 976, 276 1, 255, 370, 163 Continental United States. 23, 664 27, 240 166, 448 1, 166, 948 33, 691 10, 299 46, 475 1, 086, 782 4, 699, 910 $3, 662, 527, 064 1, 074, 191, 429 655, 584, 467 55, 878, 478 599, 705, 989 260, 110, 898 64, 154, 926 30, 690, 458 63, 650, 680 1, 238, 410, 322 Alaska. 673 8,025 1,501 441 219 6,305 22, 347 $47, 749, 164 13, 220, 200 6, 819, 850 408, 510 6, 411, 340 2, 902, 956 1, 527, 995 1, 645, 063 324, 336 16, 933, 427 Hawaii. 45 2 43 197 $45, 700 19, 760 14, 058 14, 058 5,371 206 125 20, 955 Porto Rico. 14 14 170 14 156 25 $34, 605 5,692 3,851 3,851 890 257 59 1,135 5,459 Of the total" number of persons engaged in mining industries in the area covered by the preceding table, only a little more than one-half of 1 per cent were in Alaska, while the mining operations in Hawaii and Porto Rico were insignificant. Owing to the fact that a certain number of mines in continental United States and Alaska were engaged in development work only, during the census year, the figure for value of products in 1909, $1,255,370,163, relates to a smaller number of enterprises than the figures for persons engaged in the industries, expenses, etc. Of the total, representing the value of the prod- ucts of all mines in the entire area covered by the can- vass, Alaska contributed $16,933,427, or 1.3 per cent, while Hawaii contributed only $20,955 and Porto Rico $5,459. A rough but somewhat convenient measure of the relative importance of mining operations in the areas concerned is found in the per capita production (that is, value of products divided by total popula- tion), which was $13.46 for continental United States, $263.12 for Alaska, $0.11 for Hawaii, and less than 1 cent for Porto Rico. The further discussion of mining operations in this chapter is confined to the data reported for conti- nental United States (referred to simply as the United States) . Producing and nonproducing mines. — In some as- pects of the statistics of mining industries the distinc- tion between producing and nonproducing mines is important. So far as it is possible to bring the fig- ures in regard to production into relation with the various factors of operation, particularly the number of employees and the expenses of operation, it is nec- essary to confine comparisons to the producing mines. Table 2 gives comparative figures for producing and nonproducing mines in the United States. Table 3 Number ol operators Number of mmes and quar- ries Number of wells Persons engaged in mining industrj^ Proprietora and firm members, total Number perform- ing manuallabor. Salaried employees . . . Wage earners Primary horsepower. Capital Expenses of operation and development Services Salaries Supplies and materials. Royalties and rent of mines Contract work Miscellaneous Value of products. All enterprises. 27,240 166,448 1,166,948 9,937 46,475 1,086,782 4,699,910 $3,662,527,064 1,074,191,429 665,584,467 65,878,478 599,705,989 260,110,898 64,154,926 30,690,458 63,650,680 1,238,410,322 Producing enterprises. 19,915 18,164 166,320 1,139,332 29,922 8,861 44,127 1,066,283 4,608,253 83,380,525,841 1,042,642,693 640,167,630 63,393,551 686,774,079 247,866,304 63,973,685 28,887,898 61,747,276 1,238,410,322 NONPEODUCINQ EHTEBPBISES. Number or amount. 3,749 9,076 128 1,076 2,348 21,499 91,657 $282,001,223 31,548,736 15,416,837 2,484,927 12,931,910 12,244,594 181,341 1,802,560 1,903,404 Per cent of total. 15.8 33.3 2.4 11.2 10.8 6.1 2.0 2.0 7.7 2.9 2.4 4.4 2.2 4.7 0.3 5.9 3.0 ' Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. 542 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— MINING. Perhaps the most satisfactory index of the relatire importance of the two classes of mines shown in the preceding table is the number of wage earners and the amount of primary power, the figures for nonproducing mines representing exactly 2 per cent of the total in each instance. The average number of wage earners per operator for the nonproducing mines is 6 and for the producing mines 53. Additional details in regard to nonproducing mines are given in Table 29 (p. 564), which presents separate figures for most of the different mining industries. The further discussion in this chapter of the statistics for 1909 will deal primarily with the producing mines. with only incidental reference to the nonproducing enterprises. There were in all mining industries in the United States in 1909, as shown by the previous table, 19,915 operators of producing mines, who employed 1,065,- 283 wage earners and reported products valued at $1,238,410,322. Geographic distribution of producing enterprises. — The distribution of the mining industries by geographic divisions and states is shown in Table 3, which gives the number of wage earners employed and the value of products for each division and state, with the per- centage which such number or value forms of the total. Table 3 DIVISION AND STATE. TTsited States... Geographic divs.: New England Middle Atlantic East North Central . West North Central South Atlantic East South Central. West South Central Mountain Pacific New England: Maine New Hampshire Vermont Massachusetts Ehode Island Coimecticut Middle Atlantic: New Yorfe New Jersey Pennsylvania E. NoKTH Centeal: Ohio Indiana Illinois Michigan Wisconsin W. NoETH Centeal: Minnesota Iowa Missouri North Dakota South Dakota producing enterprises: 1909 Num- ber of opera- tors. 19,915 510 6,333 4,152 2,300 1,358 830 1,229 1,972 1,538 97 45 137 139 21 71 1,351 131 4,851 1,876 1,010 916 83 268 1S3 373 1,021 63 39 Num- ber of mines and quar- ries. 18, 164 3,903 2,662 2,603 1,652 1,109 452 3,728 1,610 102 53 182 147 27 75 752 151 3,000 964 480 759 173 286 260 431 1,224 53 43 Num- ber of wells. Number. 166,320 1, 065, 283 71,122 56,379 3,450 15,146 1,110 14,700 97 4,316 11,342 '59,"786 35,067 10,373 10,918 21 Wage earners (Dec. 15, or nearest repre- sentative day). 18,254 402,937 213,660 88,458 118,006 70,856 28,262 93,072 31,788 2,471 1,520 8,388 3,608 677 1,690 11,303 6,801 384,833 67,185 27,669 82,436 40,397 18,114 19,010 29,676 860 3,866 Per cent of total. 100.0 $1,238,410,322 1.7 37.8 20.1 8.3 11.1 6.7 2.6 8.7 3.0 0.2 0.1 0.8 0.3 0.1 0.2 1.1 0.6 36.1 5.4 2.6 7.7 3.8 0.6 1.7 1.8 2.8 0.1 0.4 Value of products. 17,327,242 370,742,262 237,534,170 130,252,638 105,714,462 49,143,289 47,630,937 206,053,900 76,111,622 2,056,063 1,308,697 8,221,323 3,467,888 897,606 1,375,765 13,334,975 8,347,601 349,059,786 63,767,112 21,934,201 76,658,974 67,714,479 7,469,404 58,664,852 13,877,781 31,667,525 664,812 6,432,417 Per cent of total. 100.0 1.4 30.0 19.2 10.6 8.5 3.9 3.8 16.6 6.1 0.2 0.1 0.7 0.3 ('^ , 0.1 1.1 0.7 28.2 5.1 1.8 6.2 5.5 0.6 4.7 1.1 2.5 (') 0.5 DIVISION AND STATE. W. North Central— Continued. Nebraska Kansas South Atlantic: ^ Delaware Maryland Virginia West Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Florida E. South Central: ' Kentucky Tennessee Alabama W. South Central: Arkansas Louisiana Oklahoma Texas '... Mountain: Montana Idaho Wyoming Colorado New Mexico Arizona Utah Nevada Pacific: Washington Oregon California producing enterprises: 1909 Num- ber of opera- tors. 126 150 798 118 29 92 36 437 216 177 33 864 236 373 174 66 672 98 135 188 266 93 116 1,329 Num- ber of mines and quar- ries. 20 682 9 173 244 718 130 32 109 442 365 302 146 2 212 92 643 370 95 1,575 285 261 235 374 170 161 1,279 Num- ber of wells. Number. 15,146 1,109 1 62 246 12,113 2,279 Wage earners (Deo.l5, or nearest repre- sentative day). 491 16,441 628 7,746 16,893 78,404 2,825 2,014 4,014 6,483 22,033 18,028 30,795 6,422 953 13,920 6,957 20,603 3,692 8,499 24,769 5,r-- 13,451 11,004 5,572 7,343 1,087 23,358 Per cent of total 1.5 « 0.7 1.6 7.4 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.5 2.1 1.7 2.9 0.6 0.1 1.3 0.6 1 0.3 0.8 2.4 0.5 1.3 1.0 0.5 0.7 0.1 2.2 Value of products Amount. $322,517 18,722,634 616,213 5,782,046 8,795,646 76,287,889 1,358,617 1,262,792 2,874,595 8,846,665 12,100,075 12,692,547 24,350,667 4,603,846 6,647,050 25,637,892 10,742,150 54,991,961 8,649,342 10,572,188 46,680,135 5,587,744 34,217,651 22,083,282 23,271,697 10,537,556 1,191,512 63,382,454 Per cent of total. 1.5 « 0.5 0.7 6.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.7 0.9 1.0 2.0 0.3 0.5 2.1 0.9 4.4 0.7 0.9 3.7 0.4 2.8 1.8 1.9 0.9 0.1 5.1 1 Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. Whether the importance of the mining industry be measured by the value of its products or by the num- ber of wage earners employed, the Middle Atlantic divi- sion easily ranks first among the several geographic divisions, the value of its mineral products in 1909 amounting to $371,000,000, or 30 per cent of the total for the United States. Next in order was the East North Central division, with products valued at $238,000,000, or about one-fifth of the total. The mineral products of these two divisions consist largely of coal. Other divisions with a considerable mineral production are the Mountain, West North Central, and South Atlantic. The prominence of the Middle Atlantic division in mineral production is due almost whoUy to the state of Pennsylvania, which, with products (mainly coal) valued at nearly $350,000,000 in 1909, reported more than one-fourth of the value of all mineral products in 2 No mineral production in District of Columbia or Mississippi. the United States. No other state, approaches it in importance. Illinois and West Virginia, which rank next in importance, each had products valued at a Httle more than $76,000,000, or less than one-fourth the value shown for Pennsylvania. Other states where the value of mineral products exceeded $50,000,000 are Michigan, Ohio, California, Minnesota, and Mon- tana. The eight states named reported in 1909, 65.4 per cent of the value of all mineral products for the United States. There are several-states in which the mineral produc- tion is quite insignificant. In the District of Colum- bia and Mississippi no mineral production was re- ported. Rhode Island, North Dakota, Nebraska, and Delaware each contributed less than one-tenth of 1 per cent of the whole value of mineral products, while the contribution of Maine, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Connecticut, North Carolina, South INDUSTRIES AND STATES. VALUE OF PRODUCTS, MINING INDUSTRIES: 1909. J43 • $10,000,000 9 $7,500,000 to $10,000,000 a $3,000,000 to $7,500,000 O $2,500,000 to $5,000,000 O Less than $2,500,000 The heavy lines {—) show geographic divisions, VALUE OF PRODUCTS, MINING INDUSTRIES, BY STATES: 1902 AND 1909. (Based on Table 25.) MILLIONS OF DOLLARS 120 PENNSYLVANIA ILLINOIS WEST VIRGINIA MICHIGAN OHIO CALIFORNIA MINNESOTA COLORADO MISSOURI ALABAMA INDIANA KANSAS IOWA NEW YORK KENTUCKY TENNESSEE TEXAS WASHINGTON VIRGINIA FLORIDA IDAHO WISCONSIN NEW JERSEY VERMONT LOUISIANA SOOTH DAKOTA MARYLAND 544 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— MINING. Carolina, Georgia, Arkansas, New Mexico, and Oregon was less than one-half of 1 per cent in each case. The distribution of the wage earners employed in producing mines among the divisions and states fol- lows approximately the distribution of the total value of products. Where coal is the chief mineral prod- uct, however, the number of wage earners is rela- tively greater than elsewhere. The Middle Atlantic division reported a considerably greater percentage of all wage earners in the producing mines of the country than of the total value of mineral products. In less marked degree the same statement holds true of the East South Central, South Atlantic, East North Cen- tral, and New England divisions, while each of the remaining divisions reported a larger percentage of the total value of products than of the total number of wage earners. Pennsylvania employed 36.1 per cent of all the wage earners, Illinois 7.7 per cent, and West Virginia 7.4 per cent, these three leading coal states together reporting more than one-half of aU the wage earners employed in mining industries. Principal mining industries. — Table 4 shows the rel- ative importance of the principal mining industries in 1909. Table 4 AUludostries. Coal. Anthracite... Bituminous. Petroleum and natural gas. . Metals: Copper Iron Precious metals Deep mines Placer mines Lead and zinc structural materials. Limestone Granite Sandstone Marble Slate , Traprocfc Bluestone Miscellaneous; Phosphate rock.. Gypsum Sulphur Clay All other PRODUCING ENTEEPKI3E3: 1909 Number of oper- ators. 19,915 3,695 192 3,503 7,793 161 176 2,282 1,604 678 977 1,665 707 595 77 185 196 563 51 78 4 261 449 Wage earners (Dec. 15, or near. est representa- tive day). Number. 1,065,283 743,293 173,504 569,789 39,831 53,143 52,230 37,815 33,616 4,199 21,603 92,350 37,695 20,661 9,908 6,313 9,438 6,260 2,175 8,186 3,778 408 3,871 8,775 Per cent of total. 100.0 16.3 53.5 5.0 4.9 3.6 3.2 0.4 2.0 8.7 3.5 1.9 0.9 0.6 0.9 0.6 0.2 0.8 0.4 (') 0.4 0.8 Value of products. Amount. n, 238, 410, 322 577,142,935 149,180,471 427,962,464 185,416,684 134,616,987 106,947,082 94,123,180 83,885,928 10,237,252 31,363,094 76,992,908 29,832,492 18,997,976 7,702,423 6,239,120 6,054,174 5,578,317 1,688,406 10,781,192 6,812,810 4,432,066 2,945,948 8,835,436 Per cent of total. 100.0 46.6 12.0 34.6 15.0 10.9 8.6 7.6 6.8 0.8 2.6 8.1 2.4 1.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.1 0.9 0.5 0.4 0.2 0.7 ' Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. The foregoing table presents statistics for 9 indus- tries which in 1909 had products exceeding $10,000,000 in value. These 9 industries employed 95.2 per cent of aU the wage earners engaged in producing enter- prises and contributed 96 per cent of the total value of the products of mining industries. Statistics are also given in the table for 8 other mining industries having products between $1,500,000 and $10,000,000 in value. The 17 industries shown separately in the table employed over 99 per cent of the wage earners engaged in productive enterprises and contributed more than 99 per cent of the total value of products of mining industries. Coal mining far outranks any other industry in im- portance. In 1909 it furnished occupation to more than two-thirds of all the wage earners employed by producing mines, quarries, and weUs, and contributed only a little less than one-half of the total value of products reported. Of the total value of coal pro- duced, the anthracite mines furnished approximately one-fourth and the bituminous mines three-fourths. Another fuel industry — the production of petroleum and natural gas — cranks second in importance in value of products, but employs comparatively few wage earners. Of the metals, copper and iron outrank the precious metals both in the value of the product mined and in the number of wage earners, but lead and zinc faU con- siderably below the precious metals in both respects. General comparison for the United States: 1902- 1909. — Table 5 on the next page gives statistics regard- ing expenses, value of products, and mechanical power for producing mines, quarries, and petroleum and gas wells in the United States for 1909 and 1902, together with the percentages of increase. The figures in this table for 1909 vary slightly from those shown in preceding tables by reason of the differences between the present census and that of 1902 in the classification of mining industries. There are many industries on the border line between min- ing and manufacturing. Certain mechanical and chemical processes required for the preparation of the mineral for the market after its extraction from the ground may be performed either at the mine or at the factory where the mineral is used as material. The practices in this respect vary from industry to industry and from period to period. At the Thirteenth Census the production of cement was classified as a manufacturing industry. The burn- ing of lime was likewise classified as a manufacturing industry, and where the lime was burned at the limestone quarry the quarrying was regarded as a subordinate part of the manufacturing operations . At the special census of mines and quarries in 1902, however, the cement industry was included, and the burning of lime was treated as a part of the operations of the limestone quarries. In order to make the statistics for the two censuses comparable, the figures given in Table 5 include for 1909 those for the burning of lime, elsewhere treated as a manufacturing industry, and exclude for 1902 those relating to the production of cement. On the other hand, the special census of 1902 did not include the conversion of coal into coke at the coal mines. In the Thirteenth Census reports the coke industry is treated both in the report on manufactures and in that on mines. Where coal was turned into coke at the mines, estimates were obtained for the coke- manufacturing operations and included in the statis- tics of manufactures. At the same time, since the INDUSTRIES AND STATES. 545 mining of the coal and its conversion at the mines into coke form, in fact, integral parts of one industrial opera- tion, the complete report for both processes is included in the statistics for bituminous coal mines. In order, however, to make the statistics for 1909 comparable with those for 1902, all statistics relating to coke have been eliminated from the table which follows. By reason of these adjustments the figures here printed do not correspond either tc those given in the report for 1902 or to those printed elsewhere for 1909. Table 5 Expenses of operation and development: Services Supplies and materials Royalties and rent of mines CJontraot work Value of products Primary horsepower NUMBER OE AMOUNT. $625,610,068 208,771,046 62,466,760 24,091,986 1,175,475,001 4,556,170 1902 !401.225,547 114,515,832 . 34,476,227 20,638,127 771,486,926 2,663,964 Per cent of in- crease. 55.9 82.3 81.2 16.7 52.4 71.0 The item "taxes, rent of offices, and other sundry expenses," which is included with the expenses of operation and development in the tables giving statis- tics for 1909 only, is not shown in this table for the reason that at the special census of mines and quarries in 1902 the corresponding item of expenses included interest, which was excluded at the Thirteenth Cen- sus. In 1902 the item of interest on bonds amounted to more than $13,000,000. The amount of interest paid on other loans was not reported separately. The aggregate expenses shown in the preceding table represent 96.3 per cent of the total expenses reported for 1902 exclusive of interest on bonds, while the aggregate for 1909 represents 90.6 per cent of the total expenses for that year. In 1902 the products of mining industries were valued at $771,486,926, but in 1909 the value was reported as $1,175,475,001, an increase of 52.4 per cent in the seven years. VALUE OF PRODUCTS, MINING INDUSTRIES: 1902 AND 1909. (Based on Table 26.) MILLIONS OF DOLLARS 50 100 160 300 s&o aoo BITUMINOUS COAL PETROLEUM, NAT. CAS ANTHRACITE COAL IRON COPPER PRECrOUS METALS LIMESTONE LEAD AND ZINC ORANITE AND TRAPROCK SANDSTONE PHOSPHATE ROCK MARBLE SLATE QYP6UM SULPHUR AND PYRITE CLAY TALC AND 80APSTONE QUICKSILVER ^^^^^ WWUM wmsM S^^^S ^^ss?s «^^^ ^^^^H ^^^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^^^ '//////////////. Wmmmm ^^ PEBCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION, BY INDUSTRIES. ^^^^^ 7//////////////. SSSSHSSH (BaseaonTabie4.) ^^^^^ ^^^^^ lona ^!m^!m^. y/Wf/'^ > www ^^^^^ ^^^^^ ^ — !■ ,.,,^^ W^PTf^ym //,^m^///^ ^^*>S^^ ^^^^^ Xl\i\\l ^*V^^ ^mSm^m. W^W/7/^/. ^a X^ . ... s X SS^Hii ^^^^" / V^\ -Sivo. \C of ' \ i 1 1 .909 "'°'' ^^ ^ Table 26, page 559, gives comparative statistics in detail for the years 1909 and 1902, by industries. Table 6, which is based on this table, gives for the leading mining industries the value of products in 1909 and 1902, with the percentage of increase. Xable 6 VALUE OF PRODUCTS. All Industries Coal Antliracite Bituminous Petroleum and natural gas Copper Iron Precious metals Deep mines Placer mines Lead and zinc Limestone - Granite and traprock Phosphate rock 72497°— 13 35 1909 11,175,476,001 650,513,866 149,180,471 401,333,395 176,527,807 99,493,799 106,947,082 87,671,553 77,434,301 10,237,252 28,668,647 47,784,479 24,576,293 10,781,192 1903 {771,486,926 366,642,016 76,173,586 290,468,429 102,034,690 51,178,036 66,460,985 82,482,052 77,164,326 5,327,726 14,600,177 30,278,877 18,042,943 4,922,943 Per cent of increase. 52.4 50.2 95.8 38.2 72.0 94.4 63.4 6.3 0.4 92.2 95.7 57.8 36.2 119.0 This table shows that the greatest relative increase in the seven-year period was in the phosphate rock industry. The smallest relative increase (6.3 per cent) was in the mining of precious metals, the deep mines showing an increase in value of products amounting to only 0.4 per cent, although the less important placer mines show an increase of 92.2 per cent. Large increases are shown for the mining of copper and of lead and zinc. There was also a large increase in the case of anthracite coal, but on account of the coal strike in 1902 the figures for that year do not repre- sent normal conditions. The percentage of increase in the bituminous coal-mining industry falls consid- erably below the average for all mining industries in the period under consideration. To some extent this is due to a decline in the average price of bituminous coal, for the tonnage produced increased more than 45 per cent. 546 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— MINING. Table 25, page 557, gives comparative statistics in detail for the years 1909 and 1902, by states. The following table presents certain figures for those states which show a relative increase in the value of products above the average for the United States : Table 7 VALUE OF PKODUCTS. Per cent of in- crease. 1909 1902 $6,539,860 8,915,181 58,975,781 322,517 8,548,858 77,214,345 69,012,946 8,675,402 10,826,603 18,386,812 664,812 4,764,784 11,095,588 1279,327 2,943,806 25,620,677 148,391 4,042,047 37,377,226 28,611,307 4,257,685 5,393,659 9,526,060 325,967 2,840,341 6,737,696 2,241.3 202 8 Florida.. . - 130.2 "Mflhm.«!lrsi , 117 3 111.8 Illinois 106.6 106.3 101.4 Washington 100 7 93.0 North Dakota 73.3 67.8 Texas 64.7 Corresponding figures for those states in which the value of products showed an actual decrease from 1902 to 1909 are given in Table 8. Table 8 Colorado Massachusetts South Dakota Georgia Maine Maryland.... Indiana Oregon TALUE OF PRODUCTS. 1909 $39,397,859 4,332,218 6,415,788 2,924,741 3,270,766 6,164,122 22,324,647 1,237,292 1902 $40,508,286 4,499,401 6,697,797 3,080,287 3,656,134 7, 162, 113 26,896,393 2,087,389 Per cent ofde- 2.7 3.7 4.2 5.0 10.5 13.9 17.0 40.7 Colorado and Indiana are the only important mining states that show a decrease in mining activity. This decline in Colorado is manifested not only in the value of products, but also in the amount expended for salaries and wages, which decreased 7.2 per cent, and for royalties, which shows a decrease of 4.4 percent. Geographic distribution of the principal industries: 1909. — Table 9 gives statistics, by leading states, for each of the nine leading mineral industries. A graphic presentation of the same facts is made in the following diagram : VALUE OF PRODUCTS, LEADING INDUSTRIES, BY STATES: 1909. COAL, ANTHRACITE MILLIONS OF 00LLAR6 PENNOYLVAHIA I I 1 I I I I r I I I COAL. BITUMINOUS MILLIONS OF DOLLARS PENNSYLVANIA ILUNOIS WEST VIRGINIA OHIO ALABAMA COLORADO t^' INDIANA IOWA KENTUCKY * KANSAS WYOMING WASHINGTON TENNESSEE OKLAHOMA MISSOURI MONTANA I M M I I PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS I I I I I i I I I PRECIOUS METALS, DEEP MINES PENNSYLVANIA OHIO CAUPORNIA WEST VIRGINIA ILLINOIS OKLAHOMA KANSAS TEXAS MILLIONS OP DOLLARS 10 20 80 ■11 MINNESOTA MICHIGAN ALABAMA NEW YORK WISCONSIN > 10 MILLIONS OF DOLLARS 90 80 40 50 : < COLORADO M ILLIC 1 NG OF DOLLARS 20 30 ^^ ^ NEVADA m 1 1 1 f CALIFORNIA m OL LAM ( MONTANA ARIZONA MICHIGAN CALIFORNIA UTAH IDAHO SOUTH DAKOTA HILLI 1 10 9 CO ONS 1 PPE OF S 4ft. S» 2 ~ ~ ^^ ™ 2 2 1 gp ^ ^^^^^ UTAH ■■ ■ LEAD AND ZINC MILLIONS. OF DOLLARS O 10 20 MISSOURI WISCONSIN KANSAS OKLAHOMA n LIMESTONE MILLIONS OF DOLLARS MILLIONS OF DOLLARS 10 PENNSYLVANIA ■■1 ILLINOIS ^ INDIANA ■i OHIO [■ NEW YORK ■ MISSOURI ■ VERMONT ■ MASSACHUSETTS MAINE CALIFORNIA WISCONSIN HEW HAMPSHIRE PHOSPHATE ROCK MILLIONS OF JSOLLARS C 10 FLORIDA TENNESSEE SOUTH CAROLINA m INDUSTRIES AND STATES. 547 Table 9 INDUSTRY AND STATE. Coal, anthracite Pennsylvania Coal, bltuminons Pennsylvania Illinois West Virginia Ohio Alabama Colorado Indiana Iowa Kentucky Kansas Wyoming Washington Tennessee Oklahoma Missouri Montana Petroleum and natural gas - ■ Pennsylvania Ohio California West Virginia Illinois Oklahoma Kansas Texas Copper Montana Arizona Michigan California Utah Iron Minnesota Michigan Alabama New York Wisconsin Freclous metals, Deep mines- Colorado Nevada California Utah Idaho South Dakota Precious metals. Placer mines California Lead and zinc Missouri Wisconsin Kansas Oklahoma Limestone Pennsylvania Illinois Indiana Ohio New York Missouri Granite Vermont Massachusetts Maine California Wisconsin New Hampshire Phosphate rocli Florida Tennessee South Carolina Num- ber of oper- ators. 192 189 3,503 689 470 307 141 112 86 223 258 240 118 35 32 85 56 173 48 7,793 3,030 1,188 339 442 323 711 217 163 161 35 43 7 176 20 24 25 14 1,604 439 218 395 108 60 13 678 392 977 617 88 189 47 l,l«5 311 81 126 144 127 144 707 51 82 85 62 21 40 WAGE EARNERS (DEC. 15, OR NEAR' EST REPRESENTA- TIVE DAY). Number. 173,504 173,263 569,789 184,408 74, 445 69,666 44,405 23,479 15,461 22,367 17,623 19,655 12, 791 7,839 6,155 11,154 8,814 9,626 4,612 39,831 7,397 5,897 7,007 7,093 4,059 3,068 1,302 1,405 63,143 13,697 11,394 19,022 2,510 3,304 52,230 16, 218 16,125 5,666 2,542 1,455 33, 616 7,586 3,818 6,622 3,906 3,077 3,466 4,199 3,073 21,603 16,319 1,753 848 724 37, 695 7,179 3,276 3,724 3,746 3,104 2,437 20,561 2,035 2,278 2,132 1,318 1,448 1,305 8,186 5,105 1,725 1,307 Per cent of total. 100.0 99.9 100.0 32.4 13.1 12.2 7.8 4.1 2.7 3.9 3.1 3.4 2.2 1.4 1.1 2.0 1.5 1.7 0.8 100.0 18.6 14.8 17.6 17.8 10.2 7.7 3.3 3.5 100.0 26.8 21.4 35.8 4.7 6.2 100.0 31.1 30.9 10.8 4.9 2.8 100.0 22.6 11.4 19.7 11.6 9.2 10.3 100.0 73.2 100.0 75.6 8.1 3.9 3.4 100.0 19.0 3.7 9.9 9.9 8.2 6.5 100.0 9.9 11.1 10.4 6.4 7.0 6.3 100.0 62.4 21.1 16.0 VALUE or PRODUCTS. Amount. $149,180,471 148,957,894 427,962,464 147,466,417 53,030,545 46,929,692 27,353,663 18,459,433 15,782,197 15,018,123 12,682,106 10,003,481 9,836,614 9,721,134 9,226,793 6,688,454 6,186,078 5,881,034 5,117,444 185,416,684 39,197,475 29,620,969 29,310,335 28,188,087 18,895,816 17,685,092 6,681,780 6,391,313 134,616,987 45,960,617 31,614,116 30,165,443 10,104,373 8,432,099 106,947,082 57,076,135 32, 168, 133 4,939,149 3,095,823 2, 972, 584 83,885,928 27,147,937 17,807,945 9,690,956 8,641,522 7,926,602 6,120,970 10,237,252 8,761,032 31,363,094 22,565,628 1,989,907 1,059,540 696, 235 29,832,492 4,733,819 3,977,359 3,616,696 3,363,149 2,656,142 2,027,902 18,997,976 2,829,622 2,185,986 1,761,801 1,518,916 1,433,105 1,206,811 10,781,192 8,488,801 1,396,942 862,409 Per cent of total. 100.0 99.9 100.0 34.6 12.4 11.0 6.4 4.3 3.7 3.6 3.0 2.3 2,3 2.3 2.2 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.2 100.0 21.1 16.0 15.8 15.2 10.2 9.6 3.6 3.4 100.0 34.1 23.6 22.4 7.5 •6.3 100.0 53.4 30.1 4.6 2.9 2.8 100.0 32.4 21.2 11.6 10.2 9.4 7.3 100.0 85.6 100.0 71.9 6.3 3.4 2.2 100.0 15.9 13.3 12.1 11.3 8.9 6.8 100.0 14,9 11.6 9.3 8.0 7.6 6.3 100.0 78.7 12.9 8.0 Statistics are given for each of the states where the industry in question is important either by reason of the absolute value of the product or of its pro- portion of the total for the industry. In most of the industries here shown the production is so concen- trated that the states given represent upward of nine-tenths of the entire production, but in the case of the lead and zinc, limestone, and granite industries, the aggregate value of the products reported by the states named falls short of this fraction. Of the value of the products of the bituminous coal mines in 1909, Pennsylvania contributed more than one-third, and a group of five states — Pennsylvania, West Virginia, Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois — together reported more than two-thirds of the total. Includ- ing those just named, the table shows 16 states, situated in all parts of the Union, which had a prod- uct valued at more than $5,000,000. The anthracite coal production is practically confined to the state of Pennsylvania. Petroleum and natural gas also show production centers in various parts of the country. Pennsyl- vania leads, with a little over one-fifth of the total value of products for the industry, but does not report so large a proportion of the total as in the case of coal. More than one-third of the value of products for the copper industry in 1909 was represented by the product of Montana, while Arizona and Michigan each con- tributed over one-fifth. More than one-half of the value of products for the iron industry in 1909 was contributed by Minnesota and somewhat less than one-third by Michigan. In the production of precious metals by placer mining California was the only important state, while nearly one-third of the value of products for deep mines was reported from Colorado and over one-fifth from Nevada. The production of Alaska is not in- cluded in the table, which relates exclusively to con- tinental United States It may, however, be noted that the canvass of mines in Alaska by the Bureau of the Census gave $12,762,000 as the value of the products of placer mining in that territory. The inquiry of 1909 was the first attempt to secure information con- cerning placer mining in Alaska by census methods. The wide extent of the field and the difficulties of the inquiry lead to the belief that the product reported is considerably short of the actual product of the Alaska placer mines. The lead and zinc industry is geographically far more closely concentrated than any thus far con- sidered. In 1909 Missouri reported 71.9 per cent of the total value of products of this industry and employed 75.5 per cent of the wage earners en- gaged therein. The phosphate rock industry shows a marked concentration in the state of Florida, which reported 78.7 per cent of the total value of products and employed 62.4 per cent of all wage earners in the industry. On the other hand, the production of lime- stone and granite is widely distributed. In the case of the limestone industry, the six states which had a product exceeding $2,000,000 in value together re- ported but little more than two-thirds of the total value of products; and in the case of the granite industry the six states having a product in excess of $1,000,000 in value reported only 57.5 per cent of the total. In addition the variation in value of products among the states named in the table is much less marked in the case of these industries than in most of the other industries listed. » 548 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— MINING. PERSONS ENGAGED IN MINING INDUSTRIES. The number of persons engaged in mining industries, by classes, was ascertained as far as possible for De- cember 15 of the year 1909. In those cases, however, where the mines were not in operation on that date, or the time records for that date were not obtainable, the numbers were ascertained for the nearest repre- sentative date. In addition to this information, the number of wage earners, without classification, was ascertained for the 15th day of every month.' The whole number of persons engaged in connection with producing mines, quarries, and wells, as re- ported on December 15, or the nearest representative day, was 1,139,332, of whom 1,065,283 were wage earners. Since the representative day was taken in some other month than December, in many cases, because the mines were not in operation on December 15, as stated above, this number of wage earners is greater than the number actually engaged at any given time. The greatest number simultaneously employed in all producing mines was 1,022,885, this number being reported for November 15. This does not, however, represent the entire number of persons who gave all or a part of their time to mining in 1909. The busiest months do not coincide for all mining industries nor for all mines within a given industry. Mining, moreover, affords some contrast to manufac- tures with respect to employment. Whereas in the manufacturing cities there is some opportunity for wage earners to pass from one industry where employ- ment is temporarily slack to another where labor is in greater demand, there is rarely sufficient diversity of mining industries in a given locality to permit such a shifting. Furthermore, even within an industry as widespread as bituminous coal mining, distance would largely prevent the employees of a mine temporarily shut down from seeking employment in other coal mines. The total number of wage earners reported for December 15, or the nearest representative day, namely, 1,065,283, may therefore be accepted as less, if anything,, than the total number of wage earners who derived a livelihood from mining during the year 1909. Distribution by sex and age. — Table 10 shows the classification of the persons employed in producing mines on the 15th day of December, or the nearest representative day. Women were employed only in supervisory and clerical capacities, none being reported as wage earn- ' It must be borne in mind that the business year for which returns were obtained did not in all cases coincide with the cal- endar year. As a result, the total for the month of December includes a few returns for December, 1908, when the business year ended before Dec. 31, 1909. In such cases it was assumed that the number employed on the 15th day of December, 1909, was approximately equal to the number reported for Dec. 15, 1908. The same applies to the figures for other months, some of which were reported for 1908 and others for 1910. The statistics of the number of wage earners must, therefore, be regarded as approximations; they are sufficiently close, however, for purposes of general comparison. ers in mining operations proper. It will be noted, moreover, that the reported nimiber of boys under 16 years of age, 8,151, is less than 1 per cent of the whole number of wage earners employed. Table 10 CLASS. PEKSONS ESOAGED IN PBODUONG ENIEBPEISES: 1909 Total. Male. Female. All rlfliFSPS 1,139,332 1,135,528 3,804 Proprietors and ofEicials 49,374 47,931 1,443 29,922 5,657 13,795 24,675 1,066,283 28,571 5,677 13,783 22,314 1,065,283 1,351 80 Superintendents and managers 12 Clerks and other salaried employees 2,361 16 years of age and over 1,057,132 8,151 1,057,132 8,151 Distribution by industrial status. — Table 11 shows for all mining industries and for the nine most important industries separately the distribution of the persons engaged in producing enterprises according to general character of occupation or industrial status, together with the percentage that each class forms of the total. Table 11 All industries .. Coal Anthracite Bituminous Petroleum and natural gas Copper Iron Precious metals Lead and zinc Limestone Granite Phosphate rock PERSONS EKGAGED rN PHODUCING ENTEBPKISES: 1909 Number. Total. 1,139,332 770,681 178,004 592,677 62, 172 55,258 55, 176 43,191 24,397 41,029 22,211 8,673 Pro- prie- tors and offl- cials. 49, 374 12, 935 1,316 11,620 19,363 661 1,109 4,608 2,525 2,645 1,248 214 Clerks and other sala- ried em- ploy- ees. 24,676 14,453 3,185 11,268 2,988 1,454 1,837 868 269 689 402 173 earn- ers. 1,065,283 743,293 173, 504 569,789 39,831 63,143 52,230 37,815 21,603 37,695 20,561 8,186 Per cent of total. Pro- prie- tors and offi- cials. 4.3 1.7 0.7 2.0 31.1 1.1 2.1 10.4 10.4 6.4 6.6 2.6 Clerks and other sala- ried em- ploy- 2.2 L9 1.8 1.9 4.8 2.7 3.3 2.0 1.1 1.7 1.8 2.0 93.6 96.4 97.5 96.1 64.1 96.2 94.6 87.6 88.5 91.9 92.6 96.6 Of the whole number of persons engaged in produc- ing enterprises, 4.3 per cent were proprietors and officials, 2.2 per cent were clerks and other salaried employees, and 93.5 per cent were wage earners. The proportion of proprietors and officials ranges, among the industries given, from 1.1 per cent in the copper industry to 31.1 per cent in the petroleum and natu- ral gas industry. Large proportions for proprietors and officials occur also in the production of the pre- cious metals and of lead and zinc. In the anthracite branch of the coal industry proprietors and officials formed only 0.7 per cent of all persons engaged in the industry. The range of difference with respect to the proportion of clerks is much less than with respect to the proportion of proprietors and officials. INDUSTRIES AND STATES. 549 Proprietors performiiig manual labor. — Table 12 gives, for the principal mining industries, the number of proprietors and firm members compared with the number and percentage who perform manual labor. Table 12 All industries Coal, bitaminous Fetroleum and natural gas Precious metals: Placer mines Deep mines Lead and zinc Limestone Granite PBOPBIETOM AND riEM MEMBERS IN PRODUCING ENTEBFBI3ES: 1909 Total 29,922 3,739 16,213 961 2,011 1,947 1,634 730 Performing manual labor. Number. 8,861 1,713 2,165 673 951 1,171 640 318 Per cent. 45.8 13.3 70.8 47.3 60.1 39.2 43.6 Mine operators of the old type who operate their mines without the assistance of hired help or with little help are still quite numerous, as appears from the fact that out of a total of 29,922 proprietors and firm members in 1909, 8,861, or nearly three-tenths, were personally performing manual labor in or about their enterprises. The industries in which proprietors -of this type were relatively the most numerous include bituminous coal mining, in which 45.8 per cent of the proprietors and firm members were performing manual labor; lead and zinc mining, and placer mining (surface gold washing) , in each of which industries a majority of the proprietors were working in their own mines; and deep gold and silver mines, in which nearly one-half of all proprietors belonged to this class. There are also a considerable number of proprietors and firm members performing manual labor in the petroleum and natural gas industry, but as the whole number of proprietors and firm members is very large, they constitute a comparatively small percentage of the total. Wage earners by occupation. — Table 13 gives for all mining industries and for the nine most important' industries separately the number of wage earners in producing mines classified by specific occupation and by age group, distinguishing those who work above and those who work below ground. Table 13 CLASS OP "WAGE EAKNESS. All wage earners (producing enterprises only) Men 1 6 years of age and over Engineers, firemen, mechanics, etc > Miners, miners' helpers, quarrymen, and stonecutters All other wage earners Boys under 16 years of age Above ground, total Men 16 years of age and over Engineers, firemen, mechanics, etc Miners, mmers' helpers, quarrymen, and stonecutters All other wage earners Boys under 16 years of age Below ground, total Men 16 years of age and over Engineers, firemen, mechanics, etc Miners and miners' helpers All other wage earners Boys under 16 years of age All mining industries. 1,069,283 1,057,132 103,519 627,513 326,100 8,161 366,962 361,928 93, 586 78,380 189,962 5,034 698,321 695,204 9,933 549,133 136,138 3,117 Total. 736,325 42,098 467, 179 227,048 6,968 142,843 138,792 34,141 104,651 4,051 600,450 597,533 7,957 467,179 122,397 2,917 Bitu- minous. 669,789 566,068 29,826 384,023 152,219 3,721 9i,090 93,273 24,389 68,884 817 475,009 472,795 5,437 384,023 83,335 2,904 Anthra- cite. 173,504 170,257 12,272 83,156 74,829 3,247 48,763 45,519 9,752 35,767 3^234 124,751 124,738 2,620 83,166 39,062 13 Petro- leum and natural gas. 39,831 39,820 27,063 12,757 11 39,831 39,820 27,063 12,757 11 Copper. 53, 143 63,077 6,860 28,570 17,647 66 22,481 22,420 6,238 1,269 14,913 61 30,662 30,657 622 27,301 2,734 5 Iron. 52,230 51,741 7,073 24,926 19,742 24,889 24,569 6,597 4,736 13,236 320 27,341 27,172 476 20,190 6,506 169 Precious metals. 37,803 5,710 21,865 10,238 12 16,333 16,324 6,112 2,870 7,342 9 22,482 22,479 598 18,985 2,896 Lead and zinc. 21,603 21, 673 3,745 12,552 5,276 30 8,062 8,037 3,584 427 4,026 26 13,541 13,536 161 12,125 1,250 5 Lime- stone. 37, 695 37,572 3,224 25,748 8,600 123 37,695 37,572 3,224 25,748 8,600 123 Granite. 20,474 1,921 14,290 4,263 87 20,661 20,474 1,921 14,290 4,263 87 Phos- phate rock. 8,186 8,119 1,049 4,375 2,695 67 7,925 7,858 1,049 4,117 2,692 67 261 261 258 3 This table gives further information in regard to the employment of boys under 16 years of age. Only eight-tenths of 1 per cent of the wage earners in aU mining industries were boys under 16 years of age, and of these only three-eighths were employed below ground. The largest number of boys under 16 years of age (3,721) were employed in bituminous coal mining, though 3,247 were employed in the anthracite coal- mining industry, where they formed nearly 2 per cent of the whole number of wage earners— a higher per- centage than in any other industry shown in the table. Most of the boys in the anthracite coal indus- try, however, were employed above ground. In none of the other industries shown in the table did the pro- portion of boys under 16 years cf age reach 1 per cent of the whole number of wage earners. Miners and miners' helpers, quarrymen, and stone- cutters constitute the most numerous class of wage earners, forming, in 1909, 58.9 per cent of the whole number employed in all industries combined. The proportion of miners and miners' helpers reached 67.4 per cent in the bituminous coal industry and 47.9 per cent in anthracite coal mining. It was about the same in the iron mines, but somewhat greater in the other industries employing miners. In the limestone and granite industries quarrymen and stonecutters are naturally the largest numerical group. The wage earners included under the heading of "Engineers, firemen, mechanics, etc.," constituted 9.7 per cent of aU wage earners employed in mining in 1909. The proportion was lowest in the coal in- dustry, Avhere such wage earners formed 5.7 per cent 550 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— MINING. of the total, and highest in the petroleum and natural gas industry, where they constituted 67.9 per cent. The miscellaneous group "All other wage earners," which is composed mostly of unskilled laborers, com- prised 30.6 per cent of all wage earners employed. The proportion in this class was largest in anthracite coal mining (43.1 per cent) and smallest in the granite industry (20.7 per cent). In aU mining industries about one-third of the wage earners (34.4 per cent) were employed above ground and about two-thirds (65.6 per cent) below ground The two branches of the coal-mining industry have a larger proportion of their wage earners below ground than any other mining industry. In the phosphate rock industry only 3.2 per cent of the wage earners were employed below ground, while three of the indus- tries named ia the table — the petroleum and natural gas, Hmestone, and granite industries — are exclusively surface industries. Contract work. — In addition to the work performed by wage earners regularly engaged in mining and by the proprietors who contribute their own labor to the operation of the mines, a portion of the work inci- dent to mining is done by contract. The number of wage earners employed by contractors can not be ascertained, because the work is temporary and the same men after completing one job are shifted to another place. A special form of contract work com- mon in certain metalhferous mines is the working of mines in return for a share of the product. Under this system a miner "leases" a block in a mine on a royalty basis; the product is dehvered by him to the mine owner, who disposes of it, deducts the royalty, and pays the "lessee" his share. In the operation of petroleum and natural gas wells, httle labor is required. This condition has called into existence a special class of mechanics who contract with individual operators to take care of their properties, devoting to each prop- erty only a part of their time. The relative importance of work done under con- tract, as compared with the work performed by regu- lar wage earners, is shown by a comparison of the total amount paid out in wages with the total expenditure for contract work. While the total wages paid in the United States in 1909 amounted to $586,774,000, the total expenditure for contract work amounted to $28,888,000, which included $3,798,000 paid to miners compensated by a share of the product, and $1,035,000 paid to part-time men for taking care of petroleum and natural gas weUs. There were 3,261 operators, or 16.4 per cent of the total number in the United States, whose properties were operated exclusively by contract work, as defined above. This form of operation was more or less general with operators of petroleum and natural gas wells, of whom 3,021, or 38.8 per cent, belonged to this class. Next in point of numbers were 104 operators of deep mines of pre- cious metals, or 6.5 per cent of all operators engaged in that industry, who employed contract labor exclu- sively. In all other industries combined this class in- cluded only 136 operators, or 1.3 per cent of the total. Number of persons employed, by months. — Table 14 shows the number of wage earners reported for the 15th of each month in producing enterprises in aU mining industries combined and in coal mining sep- arately, the latter industry, as already noted, includ- ing nearly 70 per cent of aU wage earners in producing enterprises. Table 14 January.. Febmiry. March April May , June , July , August September, October November. December. WAGE EABNEB3 Df PEODUCING ENTEEPBISES: 1909 All mining industries. Number. 940,119 936, 41S 943,493 928,563 ■ 937,002 949,615 961,940 971,263 993,075 1,013,326 1,022,885 1,013,895 Per cent of maxi- mum. 91.9 91.6 92.2 90.8 91.6 92.8 94.0 95.0 97.1 99.1 100.0 99.1 Coal. Number. 691,244 686,322 679,791 649,870 646,592 652,894 659, 434 667,146 685,234 704,939 720,341 729, 273 Per cent of maxi- mum. 94.8 94.1 93.2 89.1 88.7 89.5 90.4 91.5 94.0 96.7 98.8 100.0 All other mining Industries. Number. 248,876 250,096 263,702 278, 693 290,410 296,721 302,506 304,117 307, 841 308,387 302,644 284,622 Per cent of maxi- mum. 80.7 81.2 85.5 90.4 94.2 96.2 98.1 98.6 100.0 98.1 92.3 For all industries combined the largest number of wage earners, 1,022,885, was reported for November and the smallest, 928,563, or 90.8 per cent of the maxi- mum, for April. The figure for April, however, is only slightly below the figures for the three preceding months of the year. From April to November the number increased gradually, but December showed a slight falling off. In coal mining the month of greatest activity was December, and that of least activity was May, when the number employed was equal to 88.7 per cent of the number employed in December. From May to December there was a steady increase in the number of wage earners employed. It should be noted that the figures in this table furnish only a most unsat- isfactory indication of the regularity of employment. In the coal-mining industry in particular many mines operate only part of the days each week or each month, and while the number of wage earners on the rolls on the 15th of the month (which is more often reported than the number actually drawing pay) may be sub- stantially the same from month to month, yet the average number of dhjs each miner works during the year may be much less than the possible number of working days. In other words, there is a good deal of unemployment so distributed through the year as not to cause much fluctuation in the monthly returns. For the principal industries Table 15 shows the month of maximum and of minimum employment, the number reported for each of these months, and the percentage which the minimum represents of the maximum. INDUSTRIES AND STATES. 551 Table 15 AU Industries Coal , Anthracite , Bituminous Petroleum and natural gas Ctopper Iron Precious metals Lead and zinc Limestone Granite Phosphate rook WAGE EABNEBS IN PEODTJCINQ ENTERPRISES: 1909 Maxlmiun. Month. Nov, . . Deo... Mar... Dec... Nov... Oct... Oct. . . July... Deo... Sept.. Sept.. July... Number. 1,022,885 729,273 173,025 660,089 39,932 53,148 51,055 33, 869 18,374 37,209 21,899 8,114 Minimum. Mouth. Number. Apr May.... 928,563 646,592 Aug.... 165,740 May.... 478,455 Feb.... 33,521 Deo 50,161 Jan 43,491 Dec 30,751 Jan 16,330 Jan 17,908 Jan 13,732 Oct 7,610 Per cent of maxi- mum. 90,8 88,7 95.8 85.4 83.9 94,4 85,2 90,8 83,4 48.1 62.7 93.8 The coal industry is divided in this table into its two constituent branches. Anthracite mining shows greater regularity of employment from month to month than bituminous mining. It will be noted that the months of maximum and minimum employment for the two branches do not correspond. For the remaining industries the month of maximum employ- ment is generally in the fall of the year except in the case of the production of precious metals and of phos- phate rock, where it is July. The quarrying indus- tries, limestone and granite quarrying, show a wide divergence between the months of maximum and mini- mum emplo3Tnent, due to the fact that they are sur- face industries and much affected by weather condi- tions. For both industries the smallest number of wage earners was reported for January. Prevailing hours of labor. — ^In Table 16 producing mines and quarries have been classified according to the prevailing hours of labor per day in each enterprise. Petroleum and natural gas wells are not included in this table, because many of them are operated without hired labor, or by men who giv« to each enterprise only a part of their time. Neither are those enter- prises included ia which all labor is performed by contractors. The table shows the percentage of the total number of enterprises falling into each group, and a percentage distribution in which each enterprise has been given a weight according to the total number of wage earners employed on December 15, 1909, or the nearest representative day. It should be clearly borne in mind that these latter percentages do not show pre- cisely the proportion of the total number of wage earn- ers working the specified number of hours per day, since in many cases some of the employees work a greater oi* less number of hours than those generally prevailing in the enterprise. The table shows that about one-half of the enterprises have adopted the 8-hour day, while the other haK are operated on a 9-hour or 10-hour basis. There is considerable variation in this respect among the several mining industries. The prevailing hours are 8 or less per shift in more than nine-tenths of the deep gold and silver mines, more than five-sixths of the copper mines, about three- fourths of the lead and zinc mines, more than two- thirds of the bituminous coal mines, about three-fifths of the placer mines, and slightly less than one-half of the granite quarries. The 9-hour shift is predominant in anthracite coal mines and the 10-hour day in iron mines, limestone quarries, and the phosphate rock in- dustry. In very few mines do the prevailing hours exceed 10 per shift, the only conspicuous exception being the phosphate rock industry, in which 11 or 12 hours per shift constitute the prevailing hours for over one-fourth of the enterprises. Table 16 ENTERPRISES. Percent distribu- INDUSTRY AND H0UE3 PEE DAT. Numl)er. Per cent. tion of enter- prises weighted according to num- ber of wage earners. 12,192 6,876 1,822 4,393 70 100.0 48,2 14,9 36,0 0,3 0,6 100.0 44.5 26.9 27.5 11 hours 0.3 o.s Coal, anthracitd 353 13 289 60 1 4,284 2,922 654 804 4 200 170 17 12 1 293 15 1 19 254 4 1 1,302 1,192 49 45 16 485 288 46 138 4 9 807 697 130 70 1 9 1,544 120 187 1,231 4 2 692 332 171 188 1 69 1 50 8 10 100,0 3,7 81.9 14.1 0.3 100.0 68.2 12.9 18.8 0.1 100.0 86.0 8.5 6.0 0.5 100.0 6.1 6.5 86.7 1.4 0.3 100.0 91.6 3.8 3.5 1.2 100.0 59.4 9.5 28.5 0,8 1,9 100,0 74,0 16,1 8,7 0,1 1-1 100.0 7.8 12,1 79.7 0.3 0.1 100.0 48.0 24.7 27,2 0,1 100,0 1.4 72,5 11,6 14.5 100.0 8 hours and under. . 1.7 9 hours. 97.9 10 hours 0.4 (') 100. s R Tinnrs anH imdpr. . , , 59.5 13.9 10 hours 25.7 0.9 Copper 100.0 81.8 12.5 5.3 12 hours . 0.3 Iron ■ 100.0 8 hours 3.9 3.9 90.4 11 hours 1.5 0.3 100.0 95.4 2.7 1.7 12 hours 0.2 Preclftns infltals, Placer "ilnp;^ 100.0 69.5 12.2 15.0 11 hours 1.6 12 hours 1.7 100.0 82.1 8.0 9.6 11 hours.- 0.2 0.1 Limestone 100.0 3.4 6.3 88.8 0.4 1.1 100.0 54,6 18.5 26,7 0,2 100 ^;^7, 11.8 20.7 1 Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. 552 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— MINING. LAND TEXXTRE. In miniTi g, as in agriculture, the land is the source from which wealth is draVn, and the control of land is an important factor in mining operations. The Thirteenth Census was the first at which the inquiry into land tenure was extended to all branches of the mining industry. Table 17 gives, for all mining indus- tries combined and for the nine most important in- dustries separately, statistics of the land controlled, distinguishing the character of the land and also the form of tenure. Table 17 All indostiies . Coal. Anthracite . . Bituminous . Petroleum and natural gas . Copper Iron Precious metals Lead and zinc... Limestone Granite Phosphate rock . ACEEAQE OP LAND CONTROLLED BY PBODtTCINQ ENIEEPEISES: 1909 All land. Total. 24, 216, 611 8,182,749 465,134 7,717,615 12,694,838 275,598 1,313,214 688,263 125,322 128,495 61,398 340,697 Owned. 19,389,121 '5,952,110 1316,867 6,636,243 270,771 1,064,227 461,168 102,669 96,084 42,960 327,728 Held under 114,838,179 12,242,328 1169,956 2,082 372 12,008,570 4,827 248,987 127,105 22,763 32,411 8,438 12,971 Percent owned. 68.1 73.0 5.4 98.2 81.0 78.4 81.8 74.8 83.6 96.2 Mineral and oil land. Total. 21,414,662 6,847,646 274,369 6,673,186 12,694,838 126,861 387,608 469,466 103,555 88,152 39,548 243,221 Owned. 9 6,920,673 3 4.732,666 8183,144 4,649,412 122,798 282,661 397,097 81,418 58,774 32,035 230,406 Held under lease. : 14, 601, 964 « 2, 125, 964 2 102, 190 2,023,774 12,008,570 4,053 104,947 72,368 22,137 29,378 7,513 12,816 Timber land. 1,138,901 436,216 71,861 363,366 67,781 466,682 33,746 10,120 9,176 3,266 92,580 Other land. 1,662,048 118,924 781,064 90,966 468,924 85,083 11,647 31,167 8,584 4,896 1 Inclusive of 11,689 acres reported both in acreage owned and acreage held under lease. ' Incluslye of 10,975 acres reported both In acisage owned and acreage held under lease. The total acreage of all land controlled by producing enterprises was 24,216,000 acres. Of course, not all of this area was in actual use, lai^e tracts being held in reserve. The greater part of this land was mineral and oil land, but there were 1,139,000 acres of timber land and 1,662,000 acres of other land. Under these two headings are comprised land which had not been prospected and whose mineral resources were still un- known, as well as some land used for building and other purposes. In comparing the statistics of land controlled for different industries or different states, it should be noted that the area of land is not necessarily an index of the importance of the holdings, as some land is far more rich in minerals than other land. Of the total area controlled by operators of mining enterprises in 1909, more than one-half was coimected with the petroleum and natural gas industries. Of the remainder, by far the largest part was reported for the coal industry. The holdings of the bituminous mines are far more extensive in comparison with the value of the products of those mines than those of the anthracite mines. The holdings of land by operators of iron mines are also very considerable. Some indication of the amount of reserve land held in the different industries is afforded by the propor- •tion reported under the description of "Timber land" and " Other land." This proportion is greatest in the iron industry. Of the total amount of land controlled by mine operators, 38.8 per cent was owned by the operators themselves and the remainder held under lease. The petroleum and natural gas industry, in which most of the land is held under lease, presents a marked con- trast to all the other industries shown in the table. Excluding the land controlled in the petroleum and natural gas industry, operators in other mining indus- tries controlled 11,521,000 acres, of which 8,703,000 acres, or 75.5 per cent, were owned by the operators. The two industries showing the widest departure from this proportion are the copper industry, in which the operators owned 98.2 per cent of the land controlled, and the phosphate rock industry, where the proportion of land owned was 96.2 per cent. The proportions owned in the coal industry and its two branches — 72.7 per cent for the industry as a whole, 68.1 per cent for the anthracite branch, and 73 per cent for the bituminous branch — fell somewhat below the propor- tion given above for all mining industries exclusive of the petroleum and natural gas industry. FORM OF ORGANIZATIOIT. Table 18 on the next page has for its purpose the presentation of conditions with respect to the form of organization of producing mining enterprises for all mining industries combined and the nine leading industries separately. The most important distinction brought out by the table is that between corporate and all other forms of organization. Among 19,915 operators of producing mines, quarries, and wells, 7,041, or 35.4 per cent, were corporations. These incorporated enterprises, INDUSTRIES AND STATES. 553 however, employed 90.6 per cent of the wage earners engaged m mining enterprises, and reported 91.4 per cent of the total value of products. Individuals formed 32.1 per cent of the whole number of operators, but they employed only 3.9 per cent of the wage earners and are credited with only 3 per cent of the total value of products. The proportions for firms differ but httle from those for individuals, being sUghtly less in the case of the number of operators and slightly greater in the case of the number of wage earners and the value of products. Moreover, it may be noted that while the average value of products was $160,832 per operator for corporations, it was only $9,136 for firms and only $5,723 for individuals. Corporations constituted a majority of the opera- tors in the phosphate rock industry (88.2 per cent), the iron industry (73.3 per cent), the copper indus- try (-67.4 per cent), and the coal industry (52.6 per cent). In the copper industry corporations employed 99 per cent of the total number of wage earners. Other industries where a very large percentage of the wage earners were employed by corporations are iron mining (98.1 per cent),. the phosphate rock industry (95.8 per cent), and coal mioiag (93.6 per cent). More than 90 per cent of the total value of products in the mining industry as a whole was cred- ited to corporations. The largest percentages for the individual industries were as follows: The iron industry, 99.6 per cent; the copper industry, 99.1 per cent; the phosphate rock industry, 96.4 per cent; the coal-mining industry, 94.4 per cent; and the precious metal industries, 92.2 per cent. The two quarrying industries— the limestone and granite industries — are the only ones shown in the table in which as much as 25 per cent of the total value of products is credited to other than corporate enterprises. Table 18 INDUSTBT AND FOEM or OBGAMZATION. All indUBtries Individual Firm Corporation other Coal Individual Finn Corporation other Fetroleam and nat' Dial gas Individual Firm Corporation other Copper Individual Firm Corporation Iron Individual Firm Corporation Precious metals... Individual Firm Corporation other Lead and zinc Individual Firm Corporation Limestone Individual Firm Corporation other Granite Individual Firm Corporation other Phosphate rock. . . Firm Corporation 19,916 6,387 6,262 7,041 22S PBODU&NQ ENTEHPEISES; 1909 Num- ber of oper- ators. 1,065,283 41,908 60,777 965,483 7,115 3,696 1,058 664 1,942 31 7,793 2,298 3,360 1,966 169 161 26 26 109 176 23 24 129 2,283 622 674 976 10 977 89 522 366 1,666 911 295 451 707 323 166 215 Number ol wage earners. $1,238,410,322 36,651,114 57,209,620 1,132,418,758 12,230,830 743,293 17, 476 24, 699 695,985 5,134 39,831 2,020 3,086 32,636 2,090 63, 143 168 344 62,631 62, 230 481 636 61,213 37,816 2,691 2,783 32,232 209 21,603 779 2,926 17,898 37, 696 7,781 5,178 24,651 186 20,661 3,745 3,226 13,490 101 8,186 346 7,840 Value of products. Total. 677,142,935 10,490,068 17, 111, 132 644,885,641 4,656,094 186,416,684 9,662,086 18,964,985 149,358,498 7,441,116 134,616,987 163,908 1,038,831 133,414,248 106,947,082 222,946 201,411 106,522,726 94, 123, 180 3,228,424 3,997,463 86,760,458 146,836 31, 363, 094 824,504 3,601,689 26,937,001 29,832,492 4,181,665 3,486,343 22,061,746 102,748 18,997,976 3,029,160 2,967,938 12,923,039 77,849 10, 781, 192 389 207 10,391,986 Per operator. $62,186 5,723 9,136 160,832 64,369 166,193 9,916 28,770 280,686 MO, 197 23,793 4,204 5,641 75,971 44,030 836,130 6,304 39,966 1,223,984 607,664 9,693 8,392 825,767 42,146 5,190 5,931 88,884 14,684 32,101 9,264 6,899 73,598 17,917 4,590 11,818 48,917 12,844 26,871 9,378 17,879 60,107 26,950 211,396 64,868 230,933 100.0 32.1 31.4 36.4 1.1 PEE CENT OF TOTAL. II 100.0 28.6 18.0 52.6 0.8 100.0 29.6 43.1 26.2 2.2 100.0 16.3 16.3 67.4 100.0 13.1 13.6 73.3 100.0 27.3 29.5 42.8 0.4 100.0 9.1 53.4 37.5 100.0 54.7 17.7 27.1 0.5 100.0 45.7 23.5 30.4 0.4 100.0 11.8 88.2 100.0 3.9 4.8 90.6 0.7 100.0 2.4 3.3 93.6 0.7 100.0 5.1 7.7 81.9 5.3 100.0 0.3 0.7 99.0 100.0 0.9 1.0 98.1 100.0 6.9 7.4 85.2 0.6 100.0 3.6 13.5 82.9 100.0 20.7 13.7 66.1 0.6 100.0 18.2 15.7 66.6 0.6 100.0 4.2 96.8 ■a S r > 100.0 3.0 4.7 91.4 0.9 100.0 1.8 3.0 94.4 0.8 100.0 5.2 10.2 80.6 4.0 100.0 0.1 0.8 99.1 100.0 0.2 0.2 99.6 100.0 3.4 4.2 92.2 0.2 100.0 2.6 11.6 86.9 100.0 14.0 11.7 74.0 0.3 100.0 16.0 16.6 68.0 0.4 100.0 3.6 96.4 SIZE OF ENTEEPEISES. The tendency toward concentration in the mining industries can be measured by a classification of mine operators according to the number of wage earners employed or according to the value of the products per operator. Classification according to number of wage earners. — Table 19, on the next page, gives, for all mineral indus- tries combined and for the most important individual mdustries, a classification of producing enterprises according to the number of wage earners employed, and shows for each class the number of operators and the number of wage earners. It does not include those mines and quarries which were worked on contract or for a share of the product, nor does it include the petroleum and gas wells which were cared for by part-time employees. It is worthy of note that the most numerous type of mine operator is the small producer, about three-fifths of all operators employing only from 1 to 20 men each. while more than one-tenth of aU operators employed no wage earners at aU. On the other hand, more than one-haK of the total number of mine workers were employed by operators employing more than 500 men each, although such operators constituted only 1.7 per cent of the total number of operators. The degree of concentration varies in different industries. In anthracite coal mining over five-sixths of all wage earners were employed by the. 18 largest operators, each of whom employed 1,000 or more men. Copper mining foUows next, three-fourths of the wage earn- ers in this industry being employed by the 12 largest operators, with a force of over 1,000 men each. Iron mining holds the third place, with 9 operators of this class employing more than one-half of the wage earners. There is also a large degree of concentration in bituminous coal mining, wher'e 77 operators of this class, constituting 2.2 per cent of the total num- ber, employed nearly one-half of the wage earners. 554 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— MINING. In the production of petroleum and natural gas the degree of concentration is not as high as in the min- ing of coal, iron, and copper; the 8 largest operators, however, employed over two-fifths of the wage earners. On the other hand, in precious metal mining, lead and zinc mining, and stone quarry- ing, small-scale production is stUl the predomiaant type. Table 19 INDUSTET AND NUMBEE OF WAGE EAKNEK3« PES OPEEATOE. All Industries No wage earners lto5 6to20 21 to 50 61 to 100 101 to 500 501 to 1,000 Over 1,000 Antluaclte coal No wage earners lto5 6to20 21 to 50 51 to 100 101 to 500 501 to 1,000 Over 1,000 Bltrunlnons coal No wage earners lto5 6to20 21 to 50 51 to 100 101 to 500 501 to 1,000 Over 1,000 Fetrolenm and natural gas No wage earners ItoS 6to20 21 to 50 51 to 100 101 to 600 Over 500 Copper No wage earners lto5 6to20 21 to 50 61 to 100 101 to 500 501 to 1,000 Over 1,000 PBODUCING ENTEEPEISES: 1909 Operators. Number. 16,657 2,187 6,292 3,837 1,973 983 1,105 155 125 192 7 39 28 19 19 44 18 18 3,476 23 600 939 575 466 693 103 77 4,772 1,324 2,749 619 104 40 158 8 48 30 17 16 19 3 12 Percent distri- bution. 100.0 13.1 37.8 23.0 11.8 5.9 6.6 0.9 0.8 100.0 3.6 20.3 14.6 9.9 9.9 22.9 9.4 9.4 100.0 0.7 17.3 27.0 16.5 13.4 19.9 3.0 2.2 100.0 27.7 67.6 10.9 2.2 0.8 0.6 0.2 100.0 6.1 30.4 19.0 10.8 10.1 12.0 5.1 7.6 Wage earners.! Number. 1, 065, 283 14,788 43,083 64,327 71,045 242,999 110,191 618,860 173,504 102 317 612 1,469 12,082 11,867 147,075 569, 189 2,162 10,183 18,988 33,820 156,623 73,617 274,596 39,831 4,875 5,313 3,144 2,823 5,687 17,989 53,143 144 360 679 1,248 4,998 5,608 40,306 Per cent distri- bution. 100.0 1.4 4.0 6.0 6.7 22.8 10.3 48.7 100.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.8 7.0 6.8 84.8 100.0 0.4 1.8 3.3 5.9 27.6 12.9 48.2 100.0 12.2 13.3 7.9 7.1 14.3 45.2 100.0 0.3 0.7 1.1 2.3 9.4 10.4 75,8 INDDSIET AND NUMBEE OF WAGE EAKNEES ' PEE OPEEATOE. • Iron No wage earners 1 t0 6 6to20 21 to 50 51 to 100 101 to 500 501 to 1,000 Over 1,000 Precious metals No wage earners 1 to5 6to20 21 to 50 Over 50 Lead and zinc . . No wage earners lto5 6to20 21 to 50 61 to 100 101 to 600 601 to 1,000 Over 1,000 Umestone No wage earners lto5 6to20 21 to 50 51 to 100 Over 100 Granite No wage earners lto5 6to20 21 to 50 51 to 100 Over 100 Phosphate rock 1 to 5 wage earners 6to20 21 to 60 51 to 100 Over 100 PEODUCDTG ENTEBPEISES: 1909 Operators. Number. 173 4 12 30 36 24 9 2,16» 378 913 527 203 148 950 133 293 289 184 39 5 4 3 1,642 96 665 526 282 104 704 10 199 265 132 S3 45 61 2 11 11 Percent distri- bution. 100. 2.3 6.9 17.4 20.8 13.9 28.3 5.2 5.2 100.0 17.4 42.1 24.3 9.4 6.8 100.0 14.0 30.9 30.4 19.4 4.1 0.5 0.4 0.3 100.0 5.9 34.4 32.0 17.2 6.3 4.2 100.0 1.4 28.3 37.6 18.8 7.5 6.4 100.0 3.9 21.6 21.6 11.8 41.2 Wage earners.' Number. 52,230 39 374 1,227 1,742 11,399 7,132 30,317 37,815 2,330 5,802 6,648 23,035 21,603 814 3,500 5,910 2,691 826 3,346 4,517 37,695 1,453 6,168 9,201 7,432 13,441 20,561 4,367 3,830 8,667 8,186 17 179 463 1,024 6,503 Percent distri- bution. 100.0 0.1 0.7 2.4 3.3 21.8 13.7 68.0 100.0 6.2 15.3 17.6 60.9 100.0 3.8 16.2 27.4 12.4 3.8 16.5 20.9 100.0 3.8 16.4 24.4 19.7 35.7 100.0 3.1 14.9 21.3 18.6 42.1 100.0 0.2 2:2 S.7 12.5 79.4 1 Based on number reported for Dec. 15, 1909, or nearest representative day. A marked distinction with respect to the degree of concentration exists between regular producing mines, quarries, and wells, on the one hand, and nonproducing properties on the other. The latter includes for the most part enterprises which are still in the develop- ment stage, as well as others which have had a product in the past but whose present operations are confined to the maintenance of the property, or to development work with a view to resuming production. About two-thirds o£ all the wage earners engaged in nonproducing mining properties were employed by operators employing not exceeding 20 wage earners each. 'The largest enterprises in this class were repre- sented by 12 operators employing from 101 to 500 wage earners each. On the other hand, more than one-half of all wage earners engaged in producing mines were employed by operators . with a working force of 500 men or over. Table 20 shows the distribution of operators accord- ing to the number of wage earners for producing and nonproducing properties separately. Table 20 PEODUCING ENTEEPEISES. N0NPEODUCIN6 ENTEEPEISES. WAGE EARNEES 1 Operators. Wage earners.' Operators. Wage earners.' PEE OPEEATOE. Num- ber. Per cent dis- tribu- tion. Number. Per cent dis- tribu- tion. Num- ber. Per cent dis- tribu- tion. Num- ber. Per cent dis- tribu- tion. Total No wage earners. 16,657 2,187 6,292 3,837 1,973 983 1,105 165 125 100.0 13.1 37.8 23.0 11.8 5.9 6.6 0.9 0.8 1,065,283 100.0 3,395 196 2,263 779 127 28 12 100.0 6.8 66.4 23.0 3.7 0.8 0.3 21,499 100.0 lto5 14,788 43,083 64,327 71,045 242,999 110, 191 518,850 1.4 4.0 6.0 6.7 22.8 10.3 48.7 6,207 7,669 3,751 1,961 1,921 28 9 6 to 20 35 6 21 to 60 17 5 51 to 100 101 to 600 501 to 1,000 8.9 Over 1,000 1 Based on number reported for Dec. 15, 1909, or nearest representative day. INDUSTRIES AND STATES. 555 Classification according to value of products. — "Table 21 gives, for all mining industries and for the most important industries separately, a classifica- tion of the operators according to value of products per operator, and shows, for each class, the number of operators and the total value of products. Table 31 INDUSTRY AND VALUE OF PKODUCTS PER OPEBATOE. All Industries.. . Less tliau $5,000 $5,000 to $20,000 $20,000 to $100,000 $100,000 to $1,000,000. $1,000,000 and over . . . Coal Xess tlian $S,000 $5,000 to $20,000 .$20,000 to $100,000.... $100,000 to $1,000,000.. 31,000,000 and over. . . PEODUCINQ ENTEEPEISES: 1909 Operators. Number. 19,915 11,384 4,276 2,840 1,251 164 Anthracite coal. Less than $5,000 $5,000 to $20,000 $20,000 to $100,000 $100,000 to $1,000,000. . . . $1,000,000 and over Bituminous coal. Less than $5,000 $5,000 to $20,000 $20,000 to $100.000 $100,000 to $1,000,000. . . . $1,000,000 and over Petiolenm and natural gas. Less than $5,000 $6,000 to $20,000 •$20,000 to $100,000 $100,000 to $1,000,000 41,000,000 and over Copper Less than $5,000 K5,000 to $20,000 , 320,000 to $100,000 3100,000 to $1,000,000. , $1,000,000 and over. . . 3,695 1,175 919 885 631 85 192 59 24 38 54 17 3,503 1,116 895 847 577 7,793 5,446 1,506 638 184 19 161 68 32 18 22 21 Percent distri- bution. Value of products. lOO.O 57.2 21.5 14.3 6.3 0.8 31,233,410,322 18,518,939 43,997,158 128,309,227 335,247,982 712,277,016 100.0 31.8 24.9 23.9 17.1 2.3 100.0 30.7 12.6 19.8 28.1 8.9 100.0 31.9 26.5 24.2 16.5 1.9 100.0 69.9 19.3 8.2 2.4 0.2 100.0 42.2 20.0 11.2 13.7 13.0 577,142,935 2,921,829 9,557,288 44,005,693 172,161,675 348,496,450 149, 180, 471 95,226 288,261 2,153,644 21,020,422 125,622,918 427, 962, 464 2,826,603 9,269,027 41,852,049 151,141,253 222,873,632 185, 416, 681 8,890,708 14,812,243 26,924,026 49,198,036 85, 691, 672 134,616,987 83,082 337, 175 725,467 8,708,533 124,762,730 Percent distri- bution. 100.0 1.5 3.6 10.4 27.1 67.5 100.0 0.6 1.6 7.6 29.8 60.4 100.0 0.1 0.2 1.4 14.1 84.2 100.0 0.6 2.2 9.8 35.3 62.1 100.0 4.8 8.0 14.5 26.6 46.2 100.0 0.1 0.2 0.5 6.6 92.7 DIDU3TET AND VALUE OF PRODUCTS PEE OPERATOE. Iron Less than $5,000 $5,000 to $20,000 $20,000 to $100,000..-. $100,000 to $1,000,000. . $1,000,000 and over. . . Precious metals. Less than $5,000 $5,000 to $20,000 $20,000 to $100,000 $100,000 to $1,000,000 $1,000,000 and over Lead and zinc. Less than $5,000 $5,000 to $20,000 $20,000 to $100,000 $100,000 to 81,000,000. . $1,000,000 and over. . . PRODUCING ENTEKPEISES: 1909 Operators. Number. Limestone Less than $6,000 $5,000 to $20,000 $20,000 to $100,000 $100,000 to $1,000,000. . Granite Less than $5,000 $5,000 to $20,000 $20,000 to $100,000.... $100,000 to $1,000,000.. Phosphate rock. Less than $5,000 $5,000 to $20,000 $20,000 to $100,000 $100,000 and over 176 42 34 47 38 16 2,282 1,671 347 208 140 16 977 531 231 173 38 4 940 401 270 54 707 276 235 149 47 51 9 11 8 23 Percent distri- bution. Value of products. 100.0 23.9 19.3 26.7 21.6 8.5 100.0 68.8 16.2 9.1 6.2 0.7 100.0 54.4 23.6 17.7 3.9 0.4 100.0 56.5 24.1 16.2 3.2 100.0 39.0 33.2 21.1 6.7 100.0 17.6 21.6 15.7 45.1 Amount. Percent distri- bution. 106, 947, 082 64,063 363,050 2,416,815 14,023,823 90,089,331 94,123,180 1,775,238 3,699,027 9,226,301 38,704,156 40,818,458 31,363,094 901,363 2,407,108 7,776,942 7,339,203 12,938,478 29,832,492 1,370,469 4,177,822 12,318,129 11,966,072 18,997,976 686,023 2,590,945 6,415,992 9,406,016 10, 781, 192 21, 132 106,680 445,855 10,207,625 100.0 0.1 0.3 2.3 13.1 S4.2 100.0 1.9 3.3 9.8 4L1 43.4 100.0 2.9 7.7 24.8 23.4 41.2 100.0 4.6 14.0 4L3 40.1 100.0 3.1 13.6 33.8 49.5 100.0 0.2 1.0 4.1 94.7 The relative importance of small-scale and large- scale production in mining can be seen from the fact that the 11,384 operators reporting products valued at less than $5,000, though they constituted 57.2 per cent of the total number of operators, reported only 1.5 per cent of the total value of products, while the 164 operators reporting products valued at more than $1,000,000, though they formed less than 1 per cent of the whole number of operators, reported 57.5 per cent of the total value of products. The degree of con- centration varies m the different industries, operators reporting products of more than $1,000,000 in value contributing 92.7 per cent, as measured by value, of the copper product, 84.2 per cent of the iron ore, 84.2 per cent of the anthracite coal, 52.1 per cent of the bitumi- nous coal, 46.2 per cent of the petroleum and natural gas, 43.4 per cent of the precious metals, and 41.2 per cent of the lead and zinc. In the phosphate rock industry which reported a total value of products of $10,781,192 there was one operator whose products were valued at more than $1,000,000. The other mming industries do not show so high a degree of concentration. EXPENSES. The census does not purport to furnish figures which can be used for determming profits or exact cost of production. . Table 22 shows, however, for 1909, m percentages, the distribution of expenses in producing enterprises by classes for aU mining industries combmed and for the most important industries separately. This table shows that for all industries combined 61.4 per cent of the total expenses were incurred for services— that is, salaries and wages— 23.8 per cent for sup- pUes, materials, and fuel, 6.1 per cent for royalties and rent of mmes, and 8.7 per cent for all other purposes. Table 3* PEE CENT OF TOTAL EXPENSES EEPOETED FOR PRODUCING ENTERPRISES.! INDU3TEY. Salaries. Wages. Supplies, materials, and fuel. Royal- ties and rent of mines. Miscella- neous. All Industries 5.1 3.2 5.5 5.3 3.4 4.6 6.6 4.1 7.2 6.6 8.0 66.3 66.3 74.3 20.0 45.9 40.1 44.4 43.2 59.0 68.6 43.3 23.8 19.2 12.1 37.8 44.2 23.3 37.7 37.6 22.0 16.6 30.4 8.1 5.7 3.1 15.7 L7 20.5 L7 9.4 2.0 1.2 4.7 8.7 Coal: Anthracite 5.6 6.0 Petroleum and natural gas Conner 21.2 4.8 11.5 10.6 5.7 9.7 7.0 13.6 ' For absolute figures on which these percentages are based, see Table 28, p. 562. 556 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— MINING. As would be expected, the proportions vary con- siderably in the different industries. The largest per- centage for services (79.8) is shown for the bituminous branch of the coal-mining industry, the smallest per- centage (25.3) being reported for the petroleum and natural gas industry. The proportion for supphes, materials, and fuel varies from 44.2 per cent for the copper industry to 12.1 per cent for bituminous coal mining; the proportion for royalties and rent of mines, from 20.5 per cent for iron mining to 1.2 per cent for granite quarrying; and the proportion for miscellane- ous expenses, from 21 .2 per cent for the petroleum and natural gas industry to 4.8 per cent for the copper industry. POWER. Table 23 shows, for all mining industries and for the most important industries separately, the number of engines or other motors, according to their character, employed in generating power (including electric motors operated by purchased current), and their total horsepower. It also shows separately the num- ber and horsepower of electric motors which were run by current generated by the same establishment. Tattle 23 All industries Coal Anthracite Bituminous Petroleum and natural gas Copper. . . ^ Inm Precious metals Lead and zinc Limestone Granite Phosphate rock PKODUCING ENTEBPRISES: 1909 Primary power. Aggregate horse- power. 4, 608, 253 1,904,154 676,753 1,227,401 1,221,969 376,464 346,534 228,244 110,569 125,024 61,095 50,626 Owned. Total horsepower. 4,402,554 1,877,450 676,343 1,202,107 1,221,809 324,178 342,069 144,502 107,276 115,673 64,213 50,426 Steam engines. Nimiber. 70, 673 19,318 7,680 11,738 36,928 699 3,563 1,074 2,158 2,166 1,346 549 Horse- power. 3, 786, 552 1,874,001 674, 671 1,199,430 746,658 303,848 326,763 84,963 94,220 112,390 .52,549 46,817 Gas or gasoline engines. Number. 374 25 349 21,762 71 27 429 214 119 65 32 Horse- power. 3,101 772 2,329 475,151 2,325 2,661 9,696 12,987 2,911 1,142 3,609 Water wheels. Num- ber. 15 30 704 Horse- power. 348 348 18,005 12,665 49,853 69 272 522 Electric motors operated by rented current. Number. 4,770 872 32 840 6 819 56 2,142 206 159 1 Horse- power. 205,699 26,704 1,410 25,294 160 52,286 4,465 83,742 3,283 9,461 6,882 100 Number. Electric motors run by current generated by sam& establishment. 10,869 1,152 9,717 464 536 361 170 87 339 Horse- power. 493, 72L 375,386 46,088 329,298 25,888 13,295 16,054 12,048 5,291 1,346 21,388 Of the total primary power used in mining, 4,402 554 horsepower, or 95.5 per cent, was owned by the mine operators, only 205,699 horsepower, all of which was electric power, being rented. The total amount of electric power used, including that generated at the mines, aggregated 699,420 horsepower. Nearly three- fourths of the total rented power was reported from the Mountain and Pacific states, where the abundance of water power and the scarcity of coal makes the transmission of electric power profitable. The owner- ship of water power by mine operators was insignifi- cant, except in the production of the precious metals, which is mainly confined to the group of states above mentioned. Of the horsepower generated by gas or gasoHne engines, 91.6 per cent was utilized in the petro- leum and natural gas uidustry. QUANTITY OF MINEEAIS. The statistics relating to quantity of minerals were collected in cooperation with the United States Geological Survey, but the results given in Table 24 vary slightly from those published by that bureau. The latter relate in every case to the calendar year 1909, whereas the census data are for the business year of each establishment, to accord with the statistics of persons employed in mining industries as well as with the expenses incurred. Moreover, the figures presented in the table deal with products sold or used by the mine operators, whereas the statistics of the United States Geological Survey in many cases show the quantities actually produced during the calendar year. For metalliferous, other than iron, mines the United States Geological Survey publishes the quantities of metals recovered by refineries which the ore ultimately reaches, whereas Table 24 relates to the crude prod- ucts sold by mine operators. Thus the gold content of all domestic ore mined in continental United States, and sold in the crude state, together with the assay content of mill and placer bullion, as given in the table, aggregated 3,876,943 fine ounces, whereas the produc- tion of refined gold in continental United States, as estimated by the United States Geological Survey in cooperation with the Director of the Mint, was 3,837,773 ounces; the difference does not exceed 1 INDUSTRIES AND STATES. 557 per cent of the total production. Likewise, the assay content of all silver ore and mill and placer bullion produced in the United States, as reported by mine operators, was 57,294,492 ounces, whereas the total production of refined bullion in the United States, in- cluding Alaska, as estimated by the Director of the Mint and reported by refineries to the Bureau of the Census, aggregated in round figures 54,500,000 fine ounces, the variance being due in greater part to losses in recovery. No quantities for structural materials are presented in the table below, by reason of the great diversity in the units of measure,*depending on quality as well as on the uses for which the stone is intended. The only com- mon measure for the production of building stone is value. Where the products of a given industry were mar- keted by some establishments in crude state and by others in dressed or refined state, the figures below are presented as reported by the operators. Table 24 PEODUCT. Unit of measure. Total. Crude. Dressed or refined. PKODUCT. Unit of measure. Total. Crude. Dressed or refined. Fuels: Coal, anthracite Tons, 2,000 lbs. Tons, 2,000 lbs . Barrels M cubic feet . . . Tons, 2,000 lbs . Tons, 2,240 lbs . Fine ounces Fine ounces Fine ounces Fine ounces Pounds Pounds Pounds Pounds Tons, 2,000 Ibss. Potmds Tons, 2,000 lbs 5. Pounds net Tons, 2,240 lbs. Tons, 2,000 lbs. 80,968,130 376,865,510 171,557,485 430,956,466 15,671 50,521,208 4,860,871 3,876,943 983,928 57,294,492 1,089,800,000 234,137,051 855,662,949 434,880,257 249,935 98,882,379 818,821 1,563,675 1,544 1,619 Miscellaneoot: Asbestos Tons, 2,000 lbs. Tons, 2,000 lbs. Tons, 2,000 lbs . Tons, 2,000 lbs. Tons, 2,000 lbs. Tons, 2,000 lbs. Tons, 2,000 lbs . Tons, 2,000 lbs. Tons, 2,000 lbs. Tons, 2,000 lbs. Tons, 2,000 lbs. Pounds Tons, 2,000 lbs. Tons, 2,000 lbs . Tons, 2,240 lbs. Tons, 2,000 lbs. Tons, 2,240 lbs. Tons, 2,000 lbs. Tons, 2,000 lbs. Tons, 2,000 lbs. 3,233 48,984 142,341 2,159,647 1,580 76,539 48,750 43,169 2,932 16,222 1,845,000 1,809,582 4,090 268 2,320,623 15,103 247,070 117,678 268,029 120,837 2,330 42,979 136,641 2,159,647 628 31,037 46,319 19,861 90 13,248 346,069 1,809,582 903 Coal, bituminous 6,006 Petrolonm , 171,557,486 7,700 Natiu^l gas Clay Peat... 1,254 60,621,208 14,417 Corundum andemery. 962 Metals:! 46,602 Iron Fluorapar 2,431 Gold.totaP Fullers' earth Garnet 23,308 Continental U. S. 2,842 Alaska : Graphite 2,974 Silver 1,498,931 Copper, total X: Sheet . Takes 234,137,051 Western* 855,662,949 434,880,257 249,935 98,882,379 818,821 4,090 Lead: Monazite and zircon . . Phosphate rook 268 Argentiferous * 2,320,623 15,103 247,070 106,248 268,029 30,898 Zinc: Pyrite 11,330 Quicksilver 1,663,675 Talc and soapstone. . . 89,939 Mn^gHTIf'-'W 1,544 1,619 > See explanation in the text. * Assay content of ore. 2 Assay content of mill bullion and ore shipped. ' Concentrate. ' Metallic copper. PRODUCING MINES, QUARRIES, AND WELLS '—COMPARATIVE SUMMARY FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY STATES: 1909 AND 1902. Table 25 GEOGRAPHIC nrVISION AND STATE. United States ' Geogeaphic divisions: • New England Middle Atlantic East North Central . West North Central. South Atlantic Bast South Central. . West South Central. Mountain . Pacific . Census. 1909 1902 1909 1902 1909 1902 1909 1902 1909 1902 1909 1902 1909 1902 1909 1902 1909 1902 1909 1902 PEINCIPAL EXPENSES OF OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT. Salaries and $625,610,068 401,226,647 11,093,136 10,484,388 212,534,186 127,847,369 129,342,721 89,261,566 55,134,454 33,908,514 53,154,421 31,916,461 31,848,088 22,559,863 9,221,489 4,976,130 82,768,040 57,029,455 28,627,961 18,128,437 Supplies, ma- terials, and fuel. 2 $208,771,046 U4, 615,832 3,903,951 2,638,713 54,917,283 31,682,205 34,944,431 25,966,245 21,116,726 9,936,373 18,226,801 11,496,991 6,843,506 3,941,987 4,368,820 1,216,670 36,741,950 20,390,291 21,956,212 6,557,854 Royalties and rent of mines. $62,466,760 34,476,227 190,947 178,812 15,928,491 11,190,610 12,338,469 9,024,556 14,720,084 5,691,636 8,638,145 4,544,772 1,374,027. 765,974 1,608,985 358,555 1,880,957 1,593,738 2,973,092 Contract work. $24,091,986 20,638,127 120,440 1,853 6,048,025 5,959,507 6,882,397 4,959,358 2,709,833 770,773 4,665,497 5,374,382 976,571 661,402 303,062 1,491,266 728,712 770,931 523,657 570,016 Value of products. 2 $1,175,475,001 771,486,926 19,312,271 16,608,696 353,775,070 240,365,682 233,002,528 172,894,450 129,023,910 72,267,703 102,375,877 69,202, 161 46,394,609 34,820,772 22,400,222 9,857,364 170,306,955 112,270,912 71,076,741 36,092,365 Primary horse- power. 4, S56, 170 2,663,964 60,120 43,670 1,748,375 1,191,487 919,427 609,641 371,548 120,421 532,824 292,981 180,503 58,122 55, 199 21,873 399,398 220,774 184, 172 86,203 PER CENT OP INCEEASE. Royal- ties and rent of mines. 66.9 62.2 41.2 57.9 81.2 6.8 36.7 90.1 348.7 18.0 270.2 Value of prod- ucts 16.3 47.2 34.8 78.6 47.9 51.7 96.9 Horse- power. 71.0 46.7 50.8 208.5 81.9 210.6 152.4 1 Exclusive of governmental institutions, and of the coke and cement industries, but including figures for the lime industry. 2 Exclusive of auplications resulting from the use of products of some enterprises as materials for others within the same industry. 3 Embraces Oklahoma Rhode Island, and South Carolina for both years and the District of Columbia for 1909. These states are not shown separately nor are they Included In the totals for their respective geographic divisions, because to do so would disclose individual operations. 4 Fxclusive of the amount paid to miners compensated by a share of the product for both years, and also of the wages of part-time employees for the petroleum and natural gas industries for 1909, which are included under " Contract work " in other tables tor 1909. 558 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— MINING. PRODUCING MINES, QUARRIES, AND WELLS '—COMPARATIVE SUMMARY FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY STATES: 1909 AND 1902— Continued. Table 25— Continued. GEOGKAPHIC DIVISION AND STATE. Nfw England: Maine New Hampshire. Vermont Massachusetts... Connecticut Middle Atlantic: New York New Jersey Pennsylrania East North Central: Ohio Indiana Illinois Michigan Wisconsin Census. West North Central: Minnesota Iowa Missouri , North Dakota. South Dakota. Nebraska Kansas South Atlantic: Delaware Maryland Virginia West Virginia North Carolina Georgia Florida , East South Central: Kentucky Tennessee Alabama West South Central: Arkansas Louisiana Tcjcas Mountain: Idaho Colorado AU other' Pacipic: Washington Oregon California 1909 1902 1909 1902 1909 1902 1909 1902 1909 1902 1909 1902 1909 1902 1909 1902 1909 1902 1909 1902 1909 1902 1909 1902 1909 1902 1909 1902 1909 1902 1909 1902 1909 1902 1909 1902 1909 1902 1909 1902 1909 1902 1909 1902 1909 1902 1909 1902 1909 1902 1909 1902 1909 1902 1909 1902 11909 1902 1909 1902 1909 1902 1909 1902 1909 1902 1902 1909 1902 1909 1902 1909 1902 1909 1902 1909 1902 PRINCIPAL EXPENSES OF OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT. Salaries and wages. $1,696,617 2,478,603 979,840 875,465 4,899,736 3,490,476 2,516,634 2,739,230 1,000,409 900,614 5,693,286 4,517,851 3,155,929 2,277,652 203,684,971 121,051,866 30,226,878 25,479,977 16,092,359 11,819,897 49,838,660 28,539,154 29,344,947 21,277,047 3,839,877 2,145,491 13,592,568 6,887,017 11,461,923 7,279,272 15,667,995 9,989,027 ■ 426,910 231,014 3,446,944 3,593,242 186,582 103,936 10,351,632 6,915,006 287,742 260,669 3,816,561 4,696,260 6,501,689 3,876,556 38,177,028 19,905,757 1,005,826 599,959 1,495,562 1,276,362 2,870,113 1,310,898 8,800,326 5,802,221 8,064,131 5,483,714 14,993,631 11,273,928 3,325,164 2,137,007 1,199,658 41,977 4,696,677 2, 797, 146 4,444,259 4, 480, 194 19,959,195 21,518,169 68,354,686 31,031,092 6,342,392 4,063,773 864,979 1,222,178 21,430,590 12,842,486 Supplies, ma- tenals, and fuel.2 $1,032,966 476,964 155,358 134, 128 1,386,827 1,076,143 854,090 727,665 474,711 223,813 2,647,861 1,627,489 1,067,226 892,030 51,202,196 29,062,686 8,850,679 9,836,370 2,567,423 3,389,898 9,973,037 3,316,662 11,898,749 8,637,172 1,664,643 787,253 8,904,544 2,839,332 1,561,553 961,414 7,071,069 2,856,858 108, 187 86,467 1,496,495 1,962,937 67,493 11,173 1,917,384 1,218,192 178,432 46,361 714,671 807,796 1,866,201 837,287 12,801,951 8,613,767 268,315 118,494 415,841 656,229 1,992,490 618,067 1,637,544 1,110,291 1,638,019 835,754 3,667,943 1,996,942 685,357 244,379 1,686,427 7,364 2,197,036 964,937 2, 226, 762 1,626,153 7, 273, 927 6,969,796 27,242,261 11,794,342 1,196,670 616,807 296,489 408,112 20,463,063 5,633,935 Royalties and rent of mines. $22,279 12,714 4,271 2,372 86,632 101,546 58,689 44,325 20,176 17,855 468,646 357,637 101,623 110,163 15,368,322 10,722,810 3,668,862 4,190,644 595,475 1,807,948 3,579,960 474,475 4,048,981 2,311,479 445,191 240,110 10,732,309 3,678,964 349,470 220,698 1,955,492 1,398,827 10,647 1,407 4,776 8,736 1,551 823 1,665,839 382, 181 4,392 16, 187 136,772 141,570 421,863 318,763 7,796,597 3,874,780 21,412 19,971 59,317 42,008 197, 792 131,493 422,702 156,662 618, 177 414,367 333,148 195,045 194, 179 40,818 496, 198 23,207 918,608 294,530 27,632 28,103 1,017,847 1,064,653 835,478 500,982 141,231 56, 558 16,935 60,499 2,814,926 686,982 Contract work. $14,418 """9," 246 64,988 18,637 1,853 13,121 374.435 350; 663 40,799 10,770 5,632,791 5,698,074 2,746,089 2,692,667 265,269 2,159,980 2,360,424 26,016 472,605 77,047 39,020 3,758 2,157,108 339,244 40,791 48,106 135,384 172,514 1,325 2,795 50 406 5,494 369,681 207,708 6,800 11,148 8,499 119,043 35,964 4,307,288 5,194,279 3,340 9,000 1,187 122,619 217,691 4,021 166,913 219,627 43,623 174, 496 767,035 267,279 111,974 860 60,310 105,858 130, 778 1,384,548 22,665 43,442 123,828 393,985 582, 219 333,504 23,849 29,600 3,240 19,622 496,568 620,894 Value of products.' $3,270,766 3,656,134 1,308,597 1,176,312 8,471,725 6,904,705 4,332,218 4,499,401 1,928,965 1,372,144 13,849,494 9,682,457 8,648,858 4,042,047 331,376,718 226,641,178 69,931,837 56,340,184 22,324,647 26,896,393 77,214,343 37,377,226 64,956,299 48,022,962 8,575,402 4,257,685 58,976,781 25,620,677 13,979,453 9,659,330 30,378,747 20,279,481 564,812 325,967 6,415,788 6,697,797 322,517 148,391 18,386,812 9,626,060 516,213 448,467 6,164,122 7,162,113 8,999,920 6,280,148 73,452,936 48,362,664 1,402,765 924,676 2,924,741 3,080,287 8,916,181 2,943,806 12,100,006 8,304,706 11,803,400 9,268,074 22,491,204 17,247,992 4, 764, 784 2,840,341 6,539,850 279,327 11,096,588 6,737,696 8,749,650 8,214,671 39,397,859 40,508,286 122,169,446 63,547,965 10,826,503 5,393,659 1,237,292 2,087,389 69,012,946 28,611,307 Primary horse- power. 8,345 6,939 3,771 2,617 26,916 14,979 15,620 11,170 6,468 7,965 102,540 63,953 18,390 13,008 1,627,445 1,114,626 298,635 204,341 95,929 120,511 226,124 88,500 271,891 184,278 26,848 12,011 152,153 28,492 23,628 14,673 109,971 46,384 2,025 839 15,648 12,265 816 296 67,408 17,472 1,480 1,396 19,068 12,400 35,654 15,639 417,282 240,170 6,225 3,746 10,848 9,373 42,376 10,357 53,480 18,682 34,376 12,007 92,647 27,433 14,217 7,396 8,445 4,440 32,637 10,037 26,363 18, 703 98, 777 83,039 274,258 119,032 20,987 11,910 8,070 3,761 155, 116 69,632 PER CENT OF mCBEASE.' Salaries and -31.5 "ii.9 "'46.'4 '-s.'i "ii.'i Royal- ties and rent of mines. * 75.2 "so.'i -i5.'7 26.0 'ss.'e' 18.6 '36.' i' '74.'6' '37."9 'ra.'o' 31.0 '-7."8' "43.'2' -12.4 -67.' i '654.'5 "75.'2' "ss.'i' Value of prod- ucts. -10.5 "ii.'2 "43."5 "-i'.Y "m'.i' 43.0 'iii.'s "46.'2' Horse- power. 97.4 "57.'6 'se.'g 'ii.s -4.'i' "79.'5 '7S.'6' 14.8 -is.'?' "ii.'g "gi.'i "67.'6' "i7.'2' 'iis.'g' 51.7 '46.'9 "ss.'o 55.6 2,767.'9' 67.'9' -0.8 -7.'2' "ss.'i' 56.1 -so.'o '66.'9 191.7 "ss.'s' 666.7 -45.'3 335.8 -72.9 '-3.'4 "32.'3 'ibl.2 ""7.'2 ' '4i.'2 "so.'i' 6.4 -i7.'6' 'ioe.'e' "as'.i 'ibili 130.2 "44.'7' "49.'8' "ra.'s" '-4.'2' 'ii7.'3' "93.'6" 170.0 "49.'2 "m'.s 375.7 2,638.'i 2ii.'9 -1.7 '-4.'4 ' 'ei'.s 149.7 -72.'6' 'm.3 15.1 -is.'g "43.'3 "si.'s "si.'f '-5.'6 45.7 '27.' 4 'so.'i 67.8 2,m.3 6.5 "-2.7 ' '92.'2' 100.7 -40.' 7 'ioe.'s 20. s '44.'i "ra.'o '39.'s -is.'s 60.3 "ii.'i 'ie'o 46.1 "-2b'.i "iss.'s "i7.'5 "i23.'5- 434. 0< ' 'eo.'i 'i37.'i iii.'i "27.'& "ire.'i '285.'g 6.0' "53."f 'i28.'8 "73.'7 "66.'2 "is.'x 'mi 186.3 iie.'i '237.' 7 92.2 "go.'i '26i.'2 41.0 "ig.'d' "iso.'i 76.2 'iii'e. 'i23.'i 1 Exclusive of governmental institutions, and of the coke and cement industries, but including figures for the lime industry. ' Exclusive of dupUcations resulting from the use of products of some enterprises as materials for otheis within the same industry. 3 A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease. » Includes a small production of bituminous coal for Georgia. • Embraces Arizona, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming. INDUSTRIES AND STATES. 559 PRODUCING MINES, QUARRIES, AND WELLS i— COMPARATIVE SUMMARY FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY INDUSTRIES: 1909 AND 1902. Table 26 Census All Industries'. Fuels: Coal, total. Anthracite Bituminous Petroleum and natural gas Metals: Iron Copper Precious metals, total Deep mines Placer mines Lead and zinc Quicksilver Manganese Tungsten Stbvctukal hatebials: Limestone Granite and traprock Sandstone Marble Slate MiSCELLAKEOUS: Asbestos Asphaltum and bituminous rook Barytes Bauxite Buhrstones and millstones Clay Corundum and emery Feldspar Fluorspar Fuller's earth Garnet Graphite Grindstones and pulpstones Gypsum Infusorial earth, tripoli, and pumice... Marl Mica Mineral pigments Oilstones, scythestones, and whetstones. Phosphate rook Precious stones • — Quartz Sulphur and pyrite Talc and soapstone 1909 1902 1909 1902 1909 1902 1909 1902 1909 1902 1909 1902 1909 1902 1909 1902 1909 1902 1909 1902 1909 1902 1909 1902 1909 1902 1909 1902 1909 1902 1909 1902 1909 1902 1909 1902 1909 1902 1909 1902 1909 1902 1909 1902 1909 1902 1909 1902 1909 1902 1909 1902 1909 1902 1909 1902 1909 1902 1909 1902 1909 1902 1909 1902 1909 1902 1909 1902 1909 1902 1909 1902 1909 1902 1909 1902 1909 1902 1909 1902 1909 1902 1909 1902 1909 1902 PRINCIPAL EXPENSES OP OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT. Salaries and wages. $625,610,068 401,225,647 399,697,241 237,657,596 96,900,963 41,623,406 302,796,278 195,934,190 34,333,531 20,962,116 33,121.418 23,641,599 45,060,017 22,919,861 37,766,098 41,154,265 34,665,751 39,011,089 3,100,347 2,143,176 11,190,925 5,165,598 486,125 1,035,494 17,088 84,319 211,486 1,260 22,860,012 16,496,501 15,067,785 12, 168, 784 5,352,818 7,011,437 3,462,130 2,553,661 4,494,132 3,612,338 41,329 10, 878 173, 106 127,803 110,493 145,444 230,759 92,993 16,850 44,244 1,586,509 1, 109, 397 4,719 38,831 135,356 127,539 193, 118 137,313 156,979 43,775 44,654 68,810 186,083 95,653 174,268 112,640 2,372,766 1,059,678 67,102 17,698 13,512 6,869 139, 188 67,487 60,856 159,680 74,967 43,077 3,806,651 2,285,297 134,841 116, 704 94,774 81.406 898,208 448,760 607,128 342, 796 Supplies, materials, and fuel. 2 $208,771,046 114,515,832 72,043,898 37,517,821 26,697,966 12,740,780 45,345,932 24,777,041 41,391,608 24,320,573 17,229,717 8,973,168 23,104,451 11,083,175 22,075,916 16,699,768 19,205,870 18,908,782 2,870,046 790,986 6,896,892 2,611,657 186,378 322,267 3,959 17,228 94,203 210 11,992,669 6,378,932 3,976,162 2, 447, 761 1,389,149 1,328,466 806,016 825,822 849,168 680,361 23,620 8,233 79,767 21,928 28,224 7,772 66,289 40,019 508 1,809 389,342 272, 823 260 26,114 56,744 60,278 69,109 31,374 83,807 28,966 25,286 10,128 105,523 51,840 114,032 31,349 1,560,117 341,760 23,619 2,297 2,988 2,756 22, 769 11,961 22,485 58,073 11,568 7,662 2,269,025 799,414 31,461 17, 781 29,526 19,592 1,180,447 217,262 262,393 125,932 Royalties and rent of mines. Contract work.8 $62,456,760 34,476,227 $24,091,986 20, 638, 127 20,016,639 11,799,559 7,980,739 4,359,061 12,035,900 7,440,608 21,282,820 11, 463, 786 15,174,736 6,603,908 269,245 130,215 1,305,701 1,423,399 1,163,985 1,277,632 141,716 146,767 2,301,850 1,625,368 5,268 7,078 1,996 1,376 549,096 422,693 476,860 194. 892 154,513 204,517 47,911 65,385 271,252 269,267 46 1,517 2,856 14,232 27,300 6,909 2,080 271 636 85,403 59,387 708 1,091 9,238 10,584 1,917 7,900 682 6,850 1,341 5,766 620 3,348 2,006 74,916 49,912 3,587 1,050 5,684 3,142 3,469 13,326 1,061 475 345,568 212, 350 437 2,959 7,638 887 7,048 31,287 31,364 3,893,257 1,660,635 1,701,614 406,421 2,191,743 1,244,114 16,700,864 17,389,690 2,698,842 422,044 406,999 188,768 318,303 626,090 225,147 606,137 93,156 19,953 168,986 108,607 4,197 23,164 2,400 264,312 36,381 123,808 44,340 600 27,344 28,962 400 15,546 10,060 3,576 1,000 500 44,318 13,241 8,681 949 300 67 4,021 4,000 900 25,697 16,658 406 2,430 16,288 '6,622 251,849 157, 402 16,351 3,091 3,587 3,550 $1,175,475,001 771,486,926 Value of products.' Primary horsepower. 650,613,866 366,642,015 149,180,471 76,173,686 401,333,395 290,468,429 176,527,807 102,034,590 106,947,082 65,460,986 99,493,799 61,178,036 87,671,563 82,482,062 77,434,301 77,154,326 10,237,252 6,327,726 28,568,547 14,600,177 868, 458 1,650,098 20,435 177,911 663,467 6,975 47,784,479 30,278,877 24,576,293 18,042,943 9,290,829 10,954,634 6,239,120 6,044,182 6,054,174 5,696,051 65, 140 46,200 466, 461 236,728 224,766 203,154 670,829 128,206 34,441 59,808 2, 946, 948 2,061,072 18,185 104,605 271,437 260,424 288,509 275,682 315, 762 98,144 101,920 132,820 344,130 227,608 413,296 667,431 5,812,810 2,089.341 172, 157 55,994 13,307 12,741 206,794 118,849 161,015 360,885 206,028 113,968 10, 781, 192 4,922,943 315, 464 328, 460 231,025 187, 294 6,109,050 947,089 1,174,516 1, 138, 167 4,566,170 2,663,964 1,904,154 909,160 676,763 416,012 1,227,401 493, 148 1,221,969 1,008,710 346,534 103,974 297,769 193,272 228,244 184,819 200,966 173.961 27,278 10,858 109,544 39,374 784 1,748 176 354 486 220 162,651 63,182 90,306 46,441 36,566 27,575 21,779 14, 161 29, 777 25,269 380 105 828 720 262 118 1,566 624 3,985 110 993 1,204 1,179 669 1,739 460 316 420 2,647 769 1,648 1,236 17,686 7,319 581 410 106 60 463 185 849 1,790 448 193 50,526 14,144 109 160 1,219 760 8,872 5,935 9,433 3,945 PER CENT OP INCREASE.* Salaries and wages. Royal- ties and rent of mines. 132.8 "m.'s "63." S' 96.6 -8.'2 -11.1 '44.' 7' 117.1 -53.i -79.7 16,684.6 38.6 23.8 -23.'7' "35.'6 279.9 "36."4' -24.8 'i48!i -61.9 "43.0 -87.8 ""'e.'i' 40.6 '268'6 -35.1 'oi's 54.7 "123.9' 279.2 142.1 -6i!9 74.0 '66.6 16.6 ih'.'i 100.2 "77.' i 81.2 1.6 83.1 'ei.'s' '86.'7' 133.3 -8.9 '-i's' SO. 9 -25.'6 29.9 144.7 -24.'4 -26.7 "6.'7' -46.9 -47.'9' 230.6 -67.'4 43.8 -36.' i' -12.7 -75.'7' 410.8 1,668!7 67.1 "m.i 80.9 -74.'6' 123.4 "62.' 7 -61.3 -87.' 4 "-6.' 2 Value ofprod- ucts. 52.4 50.2 '95.8 38.2 '72.'6' 63.4 '94.' 4 6.3 'o.'i' 92.2 '95.' 7' -44.0 -is.'s i'336.'2' 67.8 '36.'2' -15.2 '23.'?' "e.'s' 41.0 '97.'6' 10.6 '423.'2' -42.4 "42.' 9' -82.6 "'8.' 4 4.7 "22i."7' -23.3 'si.'s' -38.1 "i78.'2 207.6 ■■■4.4 74.0 -68.' 2 80.8 'ii9."6 -4.0 "23.'3 439.4 "'3!2 Horse- power. 71.0 109.4 "62.'7 'i48.'9 "2i.'i 233.3 '"54.'i ""23.'5 '"i5.'5 "isi.'i 'ire.'i '-ss.'i '-M.'e ' 'i26.'9 141.6 "94.'5 "32.'6 '"die "v'.i 261.9 "is.'o 'm'.2 ihb'.i 122.6 -17.5 '76.' 2 278.0 'J25.'6 244.2 "33.' 4 141.6 "ii.'i 'iio.'o 'iso.'s -52.' 6 'i32;i '257."2 -27.3 "'66;4 ""49.'6 "i39.'i 1 Exclusive of governmental institutions and of the coke and cement industries, but including figures lor the lime industry. 3 Exclusive of duplications resulting from the use of the products of some enterprises as materials for others within the same industry. 3 Exclusive of the amount paid to miners compensated by a share of the product for both years, and also of the wages of part-time employees for the petroleum and natural gas Industry for 1909, which are included under "Contract work" in other tables for 1909. 4 A minus sign (—) denotes decrease. ,«j.,jj_, ... ^ » The totals for all Industries Include, beades those speclfled, a lew Industries which could not be separately shown without disclosing the operations of Individual operators The value of products of those Industries was less than 0.1 per cent of the total for all industries in 1909 and 0.3 per cent in 1902. 560 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— MINING. PRODUCING MINES, QUARRIES, AND WELLS— CAPITAL, EXPENSES, VALUE OF PRODUCTS, PERSONS ENGAGED Table 37 DmSION AND STATE. TTnlted States — Geoqbaphic divisions: New England Middle Atlantic East North Central . West North Central. South Atlantic East South Central . West South Central. Mountain... Pacific New England: Maine New Hampshire Vermont Massachusetts Ehode Island Connecticut Middle Atlantic: New York New Jersey Fennsylvimia East Nobth Central: Ohio Indiana Illinois Michigan Wisconsin West North Central; Minnesota Iowa Missouri North Dakota South Dakota Nebraska Kansas South Atlantic: Delaware Maryland Vir^ia West Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Florida East South Central: Eentacky Tennessee Alabama West South Central: * Arkansas Louisiana Oklahoma Texas Mountain: Montana Idaho Wyoming Colorado New Mexico Arizona Utah Nevada Pacific: Washington Oregon CalJiornia Num- ber of oper- ators. 119,915 510 6,333 4,152 2,300 1,358 830 1,229 1,972 1,538 97 45 137 1,351 131 4,851 1,876 1,010 915 83 153 373 1,021 53 39 18 643 9 126 150 798 118 29 92 36 437 216 177 96 33 864 236 373 174 66 672 98 135 188 266 116 1,320 Num- ber of mines and quar- ries. 18,164 586 3,903 2,662 2,603 1,652 1,109 452 3,728 1,610 102 53 182 147 27 75 752 151 3,000 964 480 759 173 212 92 643 370 95 1,575 285 251 235 374 170 161 1,279 Number of wells. 166,320 2 $3,380, 625, 841 71,122 56,379 3,450 15,146 1,110 14,700 97 4,316 11,342 '69,'786' 35,067 10,373 10,918 21 250 431 1,224 53 43 20 39 6 3 582 9 3,402 173 244 718 130 "i5,'i46' 32 109 96 442 365 302 1,109 1 246 12,113 2,279 Capital. 27,960,080 919,992,103 469,041,901 321,757,330 341,053,471 145,688,421 110,680,029 709,074,649 275,819,077 3,825,931 1,546,503 13,992,096 5,054,093 567,015 2,964,442 45,171,232 8,613,663 866,207,208 161,324,529 59,764,947 116,959,707 119,331,987 11,660,731 176,950,369 8,481,483 60,549,081 1,058,649 32,697,991 222,428 41,797,329 959,078 25,169,678 65,992,693 219,466,909 6,985,112 1,209,390 11,475,710 20,794,901 26,786,640 33,819,977 85,081,804 7,200,417 13,207,232 70,696,411 19,575,969 145,135,510 48,892,888 9,505,365 144,639,658 40,125,674 119,772,781 81,000,043 120,002,830 13,074,691 9,166,834 253,577,562 n, 042, 642, 693 EXPENSES OF OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT. Total. 14,696,118 315,473,663 200,211,992 101,600,234 96,151,345 46,133,267 40,200,158 166,586,458 61,589,468 1,876,341 1,204,966 6,795,268 2,987,176 673,877 1,158,491 9,987,768 4,507,940 300,977,955 63,862,630 20,312,762 68,718,121 51,819,838 5,608,751 38,574,180 13,694,714 27,515,101 570, 140 6,154,263 280,049 15,831,787 508,937 6,006,157 8,863,954 71,347,631 1,416,075 1,034,823 2,064,236 5,909,532 11,721,722 11,969,257 22,442,278 4,309,211 6,641,655 21,071,609 8,177,783 46,520,545 7,198,763 9,053,467 38,630,288 5,553,423 28,608,216 16,606,028 14,415,728 7,800,722 1,223,468 52,565,278 Salaried officers of corpora- tions, super- intendents, and man- agers. '$32,823,748 603,790 8,066,471 5,986,494 2,570,135 3,463,174 2,217,967 1,647,442 4,863,504 2,481,872 87,779 45,619 227,650 153,683 29,948 59,111 495,776 183,690 7,387,005 1,749,762 736,347 2,058,102 1,255,559 186,724 694,277 320,951 993,190 34,372 113,109 12,900 401,336 61,900 196,609 357,265 2,197,617 81,646 55,065 146,888 366,194 667,739 609,021 941,207 162,502 148,386 972,829 363,725 718,596 269,261 255,635 1,441,869 234, 187 577,885 755,233 610,848 213,198 91,387 2,177,287 Clerks and other salaried employees. s $20, 569, 803 293,492 5,961,915 3,434,660 1,789,303 2,267,740 1,413,822 802,375 3,004,691 956,406 31,847 7,869 142,587 59,675 27,941 23,673 212,089 79,491 5,670,335 1,025,222 365, 174 1,054,553 917,963 71,748 874,463 220,024 281,730 28,217 94,028 3,745 287,096 8,115 131,838 255,368 1,631,267 41,396 27, 175 43,018 129,565 297,409 379,267 737,146 75,965 178,645 369,728 178,037 694,477 88,627 191,772 671,071 210,947 440,295 442,294 265,208 131,468 33,446 791,492 $586,774,079 9,814,166 204,992,523 118,672,711 50,566,348 49,886,136 29,443,806 15,671,675 82,081,073 25,645,641 1,332,242 926,362 4,449,315 1,966,997 409,883 729,377 4,717,595 2,801,066 197,473,862 26,769,229 14,782,488 46,378,727 27,660,908 3,081,359 11,907,049 10,870,446 14,393,570 364,321 3,224,675 169,937 9,636,350 217,727 3,339,682 5,229,787 35,980,736 862,762 626,429 1,278,159 2,350,854 7,827,514 7,358,683 14,257,709 3,026,140 872,627 7,775,413 3,997,495 21,361,406 4,045,547 6,266,787 18,463,296 3,529,356 13,502,760 8,986,851 5,926,070 5,891,007 705, 192 19,049,442 Supplies, materials, and fuel. Supplies and materials. $173,411,438 1,847,736 47,736,970 28,179,361 15,605,588 14,722,485 5,386,232 7,922,941 32, 190, 652 19,819,473 219,579 100,931 905,157 363,698 130,947 127,424 1,886,937 674,962 45,175,071 7,360,280 1,823,904 8,472,837 9,800,415 721,925 6,736,806 1,307,919 4,730,342 95,352 1,054,532 35,474 1,645,163 152,054 478,555 1,173,866 11,647,711 152,714 124,618 254,021 738,946 1,322,406 1,571,612 2,492,214 368,207 859,456 4,897,176 1,798,102 9,837,503 1,847,458 1,385,594 5,459,666 805,487 5,559,367 3,920,414 3,375,163 843,025 186,796 18,789,652 Purchased ore and natural gas (duplica- ' tion in product). $29,318,316 3,164,839 5,656,650 1,919,554 893,664 170,135 173,100 14,577,714 2,762,660 65,656 '3,699,'i83 5,376,075 22,595 101,980 "i56,'666' 1,471,653 '""55,'i39 '392,'862 893,664 41,959 128,176 7,200 130,587 35,313 6,559,820 4,930,144 1,370,391 106,910 1,610,449 2,762,660 Fuel and rent of power. $45,136,550 753,714 7, 32?, 680 7,399,712 5,190,869 3,413,805 1,912,689 1,605,768 14,509,236 3,118,087 84,683 54,427 362,438 153,268 26,991 71,917 585,161 319,329 6,423,190 892,671 551,821 1,325,880 4,193,347 435,993 2,024,606 221,740 2,220,657 12,835 421,048 22,019 267,964 26,378 104,166 484,527 1,212,825 103,319 117,899 146,666 1,223,038 218,489 645,376 1,048,824 138,987 726,971 384,186 255,614 3,628,050 356,199 376,187 1,955,984 203,083 5,603,989 1,074,119 1,311,625 245,852 96,592 2,776,643 1 Exclusive of duplications, 307 operators having reported in two or riiore states. Such duplications have not been excluded in the totals for the several geographic divisions. 2 Includes 159,468,780 whi) 4,46S 3,606 1,411 3,207 2,112 12,967 1,949 43,240 1,699 7se 717 1,609 1,419 1,996 9S0 1,766 1,749 9SS 1,600 883 2,233 1,606 669 1,639 911 891 2,328 1,S86 2,216 i,se9 1,076 954 956 1,913 1,249 978 1,355 1,391 567 4,765 S,4SS 649 1,206 1,219 S7i MINOE CIVIL DIVISION. Broome County. Barker town Binghamton city 2 Wardl , Wards Wards ; Ward 4 Wards Ward 6 Ward7 Wards Ward9 Ward 10 , Wardll Ward IS Ward IS Binghamton town^ Chenango town Colesville town Conklin town Dickinson town, including Port Dickinson vil- J'ort Diclcinaon village Fenton town Kirkwood town Lisle town. Including Lisle village Lisle milage Maine town Nantlcoke town Sanford town, Including part of Deposit village.. Deposit village (part of) Total for Deposit village in Sanford town, Broome County, and Deposit town, Dela- ware County Triangle town, Including Whitney Point village. Whitney Point village Union town, including Endlcott, Lestershlre, and Union villages JSndicott village > Lestershire village Union milage Vestal town Windsor town, including Windsor village Windsor village , Cettaraueus County. Allegany town. Including Allegany village A Uegany village a Ashford town Carrollton town, including Limestone village and part of Allegany Indian Reservation A Uegany Indian Reservation (part of) Total for Allegany Indian Reservation in Carrollton, Cold Spring, Elko, Great Val- ley, Red House, Salamanca, and South Valley towns Limestone village Cold Spring town, Including part of Allegany Indian Reservation Allegany Indian Reservation (part of) Conewango town. Including part of East Ran- dolph village East Rarvdolph village (part of) Total for East Randolph village in Conewango and Randolph towns Dayton town East Otto town Elko town. Including part of Allegany Indian A Uegany Indian Reservation (part of) Elllcottville town. Including Ellicottville vil- EUicottville village Fannersvllle town Franklinville town, including Franklinville village Franklinville village Freedom town Great Valley town, including part of Allegany Indian Reservation A Uegany Indian Reservation (part of) Hinsdale town Humphrey town Ischua town Leon town Little Valley town, including Little Valley village Little Valley village Lyndon town Macbias town Mansfield town Napoli town New Albion town, including Cattaraugus village Cattaraugus village 1910 78,809 948 48,443 7,«78 S,6SS 4,966 S,09S 4,6S6 S,9e9 4,040 S,1S6 1,04s S,e09 4,8S9 6,S67 s,se9 675 1,237 2,415 850 832 4S7 1,050 852 1,429 SS9 1,363 536 2,980 1,864 1,600 9,486 S,40S S,77S 1,6U 1,618 2,496 es7 i,sse 1,657 1,516 SS7 1,6S7 sis 186 69$ 1,710 1,093 475 ssg 2,067 98B 948 2,663 1,668 1,169 2,236 461 1,125 626 803 859 1,905 1,868 603 1,629 912 741 1,989 1,166 1900 1,072 39,647 847 1,372 2,773 946 728 S79 1,171 918 1,710 S9S 1,534 666 3,514 1,S98 S,061 1,727 807 6,707 S,lll 98S 1,850 2,967 7S9 65,643 3,692 'i"645' 2,035 660 1,SSS 7SS 1,030 S40 1,224 19S 6U 1,691 1,138 571 SOT 2,038 886 1,043 2,614 1,S60 1,209 1,697 SOO 1,218 794 832 1,003 1,616 1,085 690 1,657 968 967 2,372 1,SSS 1890 62,978 1,100 35,005 1,519 1,448 3,126 1,033 S46 1,280 1,119 1,962 4*1 1,692 723 3,265 964 1,6S0 1,879 2,711 SSI 2,070 3,035 6S4 3,611 'i,"7i6 1,884 901 1,273 1,736 1,288 1,931 86S 1,082 2,224 1,0S1 1,251 1,705 1,312 866 853 1,194 1,326 698 677 1,636 1,022 962 1,868 «7S • County total Includes population (11,742) of that part of Watervliet town outside of West Troy village, taken to form Colonie and Green Island towns be- tween 1890 and 1900. ' Part of Binghamton town annexed to Binghamton city in 1908. « Incorporated in 1906. STATISTICS OF POPULATION. 577 Table 1.— POPULATION OF MINOR CIVIL DIVISIONS: 1910, 1900, AND 1890— Continued. [For changes in boundaries, etc., between 1900 and 1910, see footnotes; tor those between 1890 and 1900, see Reports of the Twelfth Census: 1900, Vol. I, Table 5.1 MmoB civn. DinaioN. 1910 CattaranEUS Connty— Continued. 1900 1890 Olean city > Wardl Wards Wards Ward 4 Wards Warde Ward? Wards Olean town I Otto town Ferrysburg town. Including part of Cattaraugos Indian Reservation Cattaraugus Indian Reservation (part of^ Total for Cattaraugus Iiidian Reservation in Ferrysburg town, Cattaraugus County, Hanover town, Chautauqua County, and Brant and Collins towns, Erie County Persia town. Including part of Gowanda village. . OouaTuiii village (■part of) Totalfor OffwaTidavillagein Persiatown, Cat' taraugus County, and Collins town, Erie Om/aty Portvllle town, including Portvllle village Portville village Randolph town, including Randolph village and part of East Randolph village East Randolph village (part of) Randolph village Eed House town, including part of Allegany Indian Reservation Allegany Indian Reservation (part of) Salamanca town, including Salamanca and West Salamanca villages and part of AUegany Indian Reservation Allegany Indian Reservation (part of) Salamanca village West SaXamanca village South Valley town, including part of Allegany Indian Reservation AUegany Indian, Reservation (part of) Yorlcshire town Cayuga Connty. Auburn city Wardl WardB Wards Ward 4 Wards Wards Ward? Wards Ward 9 Ward 10 •--- Aurelius town, includhig Cayuga village Cayuga village — • ■ -.- - Brutus town, including Weedsport village Weedsport village ;- • "ii Cato town, including Meridian village and part of Cato village CiUo village' (part of) ■,-;-■■/•";;" Total for Cato village' m Cato and Ira towns. Meridian village Conquest town Fleming town Genoa town ; w ' 'I'l.' " ';; Ira town, including part of Cato village Cato village (part of)... -,;,■■•; Ledyard town, including Aurora vUlage Aurora village Mentz town,YncludIng Port Byron ^diiage Part Byron milage Montezuma town...... --.---.-J-- -:■--■- Moravia town, including Moravia village Moravia village Niles town Owasco town Scipio town Sempronlus town ipZroo*rttoW,inoludingUiiinSpriiip"^; rjniim Springs village.. ■■••--■- •-,-,•,- "■•■•■ SterUng town, Including Falrhaven viUage Falrhaven village Summerhl 11 town Throop town Venice town Victory town 1 Part of Olean town (tacludlng North Olean 1909. 14,743 1,B41 9SS 1,100 i,9U 1,347 i,sie i,9et S,099 885 1,184 180 1,174 1,730 1,S4» l,01S 2,371 7S8 2,486 40S 1,S9S 781 les 6,760 S,79i SSO 584 97 1,563 67,106 34,668 4,039 4, SOS 1,924 4,741 s,m 3,649 s,eis 4,114 3,74S S,397 1,437 348 2,221 1,SU 1,569 US 374 SS6 1,103 1,017 1,866 1,451 SSS 1,719 49S 864 1,909 1,08B 941 2,160 l,SS4 1,209 1,393 1,470 756 1,423 1,447 79S 2,359 S71 613 960 1,343 1,208 9,462 4,864 1,105 1,216 149 1,343 1,940 1,47S S,I4S 2,319 748 2,605 446 1,S09 973 ses 6,174 100 4, SSI 48S 713 17S 1,738 66,234 30,345 1,663 390 2,582 1,5SS 1,624 SSO SSS 1>360 1,076 2,075 1,668 SSO 1,909 499 1,079 1,914 1,01S 991 2,373 t,44i 1,402 1,331 1,657 896 1,440 1,770 994 2,516 eio 779 1,038 1,448 1,— 7,358 4,149 1,042 1,123 2,339 2,448 t,t0i 1,166 4,672 S,69S 49S 1,249 "'i,'723 66,302 25,868 1,793 611 2,871 1,S80 1,996 1,549 1,055 2,320 1,873 2,185 SSB 1,001 1,952 1,10S 1,047 2,498 1,488 1,579 1,162 1,836 981 1,498 1,991 1,066 2,959 7S8 864 1,056 1,672 1,706 MKOB CIVIL DIVISION. Cbantauqna County. Arkwrlght town. ............ .^.. Bustl town, including Lakewood village Lakeaood vtUage Carroll town Charlotte town. Including part of Sinclalrville village ■- SindairvittevUlageCpartof) Total for Sirtelairviue viJlage in Charlotte and Oerry towns Chautauqua town, including Mayvllle village.. . MayvUle vtllage Cherry Creek town. Including Cherry Creek vll- Cherry Creek viUage Clymer town Dunkirk dty Wardl Wards Wards Ward 4 Dunkirk town EUery town Ellicott town, including Celoron and Falconer villages Celoron tillage Falconer ViUage Ellington town French Creek town Gerry town, Including part of Sinclalrville vll- Stnclairville village (part of): Hanover town. Including ForestvUle and Silver Creek villages and part of Cattaraugus Indian Reservation - . Cattaraugus Indian Reservation (part of) [For total, see Ferrysburg town, Cattarau- gus County.] ForestvUle milage Silver Creek village Harmony town, including Panama village Panama viUage Jamestown city Wardl Wards Wards Ward 4 Wards Warde Elian tone town MIna town Poland town Pomlret town, including Fredonia viUage Fredonia village Portland town, including Brocton village Brocton village Ripley town Sheridan town Sherman town. Including Sherman village Sherman village Stockton town Vlllenova town Westfleld town, Including Westfleld village — Westfield viUage Chomong Connty. Ashland town, Including Wellsburg village. . Wdlsburg viUage Baldwin town Big Flats town Catlin town Chemung town Ehnlra city Waril Wards Wards Ward 4 Wards...: Warde Ward 7 Wards '. Ward 9 Ward 10 Ward 11 Ward IS Ehnlra town. Including part of Ehnira Heights village Elmira Heights village (partof) Total for Elmira Heights viUage in Elmira and Horseheadt towns Erin town 1910 10S,126 843 2,136 se4 1,564 1,258 irs S4t 3,616 i,m 1,380 eoe 1,164 17,221 e.seo S,399 S,S6S 4,401 429 1,696 4,371 619 S,141 1,235 882 1,166 67 6,670 7S1 t,SlS 2,847 SS7 31,297 4,4S9 4,S77 4,e9S 6,911 6,039 s.ese 520 1,033 1,447 7,309 S,SSS 3,058 1,181 2,239 1,888 1,668 SSB 1,781 1,140 4,481 t,98B 64,663 1900 769 4SS 476 1,636 870 ■ 1,328 37,176 S,S9S 4,1S6 S,SS7 4,116 S,74S S,SBO i,OSS S,440 S,SS9 S.lSl 1,BS9 S,9S0 1,605 4as l,7SS 88,314 918 2,192 m 1,684 1,406 4S9 B77 3,690 94S 1,745 701 1,229 11,616 464 1,628 3,118 soe 1,130 1,330 1,014 1,198 88 4,778 SI 491 1,038 1,613 6,313 4,1S7 2,690 900 2,266 1,633 1,560 760 1,862 1,206 3,882 S,4S0 64,063 954 636 664 1,705 1,109 1,500 35,672 1890 1,260 31S i,7es 76,202 886 2,089 ■""i,'787 1,441 SIO 3,259 i,m 1,481 «7« 1,363 9,416 1,789 1,748 S74 1,430 1,033 1,088 4,616 ess 788 1,944 1,078 2,988 3,174 SSO S79 22,892 16,038 496 1,125 1,608 5,479 S,S99 2,423 SIS 2,020 1,511 1,531 7SS 1,730 1,242 3,401 1,983 48,268 733 1,687 1,180 1,610 30,893 890 1,289 village) annexed to Olean city In « Returned in 1900 as in Ira town only. 678 SUPPLEMENT FOR NEW YORK. Table 1.— POPULATION OP MINOR CIVIL DIVISIONS: 1910, 1900, AND 1890— Continued. [For changes in boundaries, etc., between 1900 and 1910, see footnotes; for those between 1890 and 1900, see Reports of the Twelfth Census: 1900 Vol. I Table 5.] MINOE CIVIL DIVISION. Chemimg County— Continued. Horseheads town, including Horseheads village and part of Elmlra Heights village Elmita Heights village (part of) Horseheads village Southport town Van Etten town, Including Van Etten village. Van Eiten village Veteran town Chenango County. Afton town, including Alton village. Aftmmllage. Bainbridge town, including Bainbridge village, Bainbridge village Columbus town, Coventry town German town Greene town, including Greene village , Qreene village Guilford town Lincklaen town McDonough town New Berlin town, including New Berlin village. New Berlin milage North Norwich town Norwich town, including Norwich village Norwich village Wardl Ward$ , Wards Ward 4 Wards Wards Ward? Otseliotown Oxford town, including Oxford village Oxford milage Pharsalia town Pitcher town Plymouth town Preston town Sherburne town, including Sherburne village and part of EarlviUe village Earlville village {part of) Total for Barlville village in Sherburne town, Chenango County, and Hamilton town, Madison County Sherburne village SmithviUe town Smyrna town, including Smyrna vUlage Smyrna village Clinton County. Altona town Ansable town, including part of Keeseville vil- lage. Keeseville village {part of) Total for Xeesemlte village in Ausable town, Clinton County, and Chesterfield town, Essex County Beekmantown town Black Brook town Champlain town, including Champlain and Rouses Point villages Champlain village Bouses Point village Chazy town Clinton town Dannemora town, including part of Darme- mora village Dannemora vUlage (part of) Total for Dannemora village ' in Dannemora and Saranac towns Ellenburg town Mooers town, including Mooers village Mooers village Pern town Plattsburg city ' Wardl Wards Wards Ward 4 Wards Ward 6 Plattsburg town ' Saranac town, including part of Dannemora village Dannemora village (partof) Schuyler Falls town 1910 6,376 t,il40 1,778 2,034 1,134 476 1,470 36,575 1,780 729 2,017 1,1S9 838 764 371 2,992 1,B7S 2,013 670 813 2,328 1,114 691 8,660 7,4£B 1,089 1,196 1,191 1,648 466 1,104 3,014 1,6S4 667 664 913 2,683 874 960 949 1,206 48,230 2,383 2,046 1,046 1,8SS 1,866 1,969 4,637 1,SS0 i,ess 2,973 1,698 4,203 1,0S0 1,146 3,079 3,163 seo 2,236 11,138 1,87S 1,994 964 11,187 1,709 2,411 2,362 3,000 96 1,688 1900 4,944 1,W 1,901 2,201 1,406 474 1,662 36,568 1,920 7B2 1,991 1,092 997 987 423 3,162 1,2S6 2,208 646 907 2,625 1,1S6 801 7,004 6,766 1,234 3,646 1,9S1 780 761 1,026 2,614 22S 1,106 1,290 SOO 47,430 2,466 2,196 1,118 2,110 2,067 1,933 4,748 1,S11 1,67B 2,796 1,674 3,720 3,248 3,572 527 2,372 8 3,178 3,463 'i,"665' 1S90 3,482 1,716 2,044 1,668 667 1,816 37,776 2,083 68S 2,117 1,049 1,109 1,166 642 3,164 1,067 2,236 726 1,026 2,427 979 858 6,624 1,284 3,138 1,477 916 983 1,166 762 2,847 187 960 1,318 1,396 2,632 1,125 2,10S 2,169 2,266 6,207 i,ps 1,866 2,867 1,760 3,977 3,046 2,368 7,010 "2,490 3,496 ""i,'456 MINOE CIVIL DIVISION. 1 Incorporated in 1901. 2 Plattsburg village, returned with Plattsburg town in 1900, incorporated as a city and part of Plattsburg town annexed in 1902; part of Plattsburg city annexed to Plattsburg tovm in 1903. Columbia County. Ancram town Austerllti town Canaan town Chatham town, including part of Chatham vil- Chatham village (part of) Total for Chatham village in Chatham and Ghent towns , Claverack town, including Phihnont village Philmont village Clermont town Copake town Gallatin town Germantown tovm Ghent town, including part of Chatham village. . Chatham village (part of) Greenport town Hillsdale town Hudson city Wardl Ward 2 Wards Ward 4 Wards Klnderhook town, including Kinderhook and Valatie villages Kinderhook village Valatie village Livingston town New Lebanon tovm Stockport town Stuyvesant town Tagnkanlctown Coitland County. Cinclnnatus town Cortland city Wardl Ward2 Wards Ward 4 Wards Ward6 Cortlandville town, including McGrawviUe vil- lage and part of Homer village Homer village (part of) . " ' " illage Total for Homer village in Cortlandville and Homer towns MeOrawville village Cuyler town Freetown town Harford town Homer town_, including part of Homer village. . Homer village (part o/) Lapeer town Marathon town, including Marathon village. . . Marathon village Preble town Scott town Solon town Taylor town Truxton town Virgil town WiUetttown Delaware County. Andes town, including Andes village Andes milage Bovlna town Colchester town Davenport town Delhi town, including Delhi village Delhi village Deposit tovm. Including part of Deposit village . . Deposit village (part of) [For total, see Sanford town, Broome County.] Franklin town, including Franklin village Eranklin village Hamden town Hancock town, including Hancock village Hancock village Harpersfleld tovm. Including part of Stamford village Stamford village (part of) Total for Stamford milage in Harpersfleld and Stamford towns Kortright tovm Masonvllle town 1910 1,137 811 1,167 3,396 1,114 2,261 4,114 1,81S 800 1,283 720 1,649 2,819 1,1S7 1,639 1,604 11,417 1,966 2,826 2,856 1,566 2,214 2,947 698 1,219 1,620 1,378 2,606 1,980 771 29,249 965 11,604 1,765 2,086 2,136 1,S02 2,1SS 1,862 3,166 9S1 881 661 623 3,891 2,6Se 475 1,689 /,079 767 718 618 711 1,132 1,136 643 46,675 2,007 4U 912 3,193 1,427 2,815 1,7S6 1,641 2,403 47S 1,373 6,191 1,S29 1,244 97S 1,481 1,053 1900 43,211 1,238 974 1,307 3,637 1,066 2,018 4,416 1,964 812 1,277 823 1,686 2,698 95S 1,191 1,390 9,528 3,333 913 1,300 1,707 1,556 2,719 2,125 27,676 912 '9,014 2,907 2,381 750 991 610 763 3,864 2,342 538 1,664 1,092 867 862 622 762 1,217 1,326 687 46,413 1,927 ses 932 3,166 1,620 3,243 2,078 1,747 763 2,629 47S 1,378 5,308 1,28S 1,221 901 1,475 1,245 1890 " Exclusive of population of Plattsburg village. 46,172 1,332 1,142 1,661 4,019 1,082 1,912 4,618 1,818 798 1,616 1,016 1,683 2,903 830 1,247 1,664 9,970 3,709 963 1,4S7 2,080 1,765 2,345 1,963 1,062 28,667 966 2,861 73S 1,096 677 861 4,206 2,566 585 1,806 1,198 885 987 687 816 1,328 1,618 800 46,496 2,264 iie 1,007 2,973 1,789 2,908 1,664 1,664 2,897 681 1,607 4,746 1,279 1,386 $67 819 1,688 1,397 STATISTICS OF POPULATION. 579 Table 1.— POPULATION OF MINOR CIVIL DIVISIONS: 1910, 1900, AND 1890— Continued. [For changes in boundaries, etc., between 1900 and 1910, see footnotes; for those between 1890 and 1900, see Reports of the Twelfth Census: 1900, Vol. I, Table 6.] MINOB CIVIL DIVISION. 1910 1900 Delaware County— Conthiued. Meredith town Middletowu town, Including Margaretville village MaToaretviUe village Eoxbury town , Sidney town, including Sidney village Sidney mIXage Stamford town, including Hobart village and part of Stamford village Hobart village Stamforil village (part of) Tompliins town Walton town, including Walton village Walton village Dutchess County. Amenia town Beekmau town : Clinton town Dover town East Fishliill town Fishkill town, Including Fishkill, FishltillLand- ing, and Matteawan villages FisKkill village Fishkill Landing village Matteawan village Hyde Parlt town La Grange town Milan town Northeast town, including Millerton village Millerton village Pawling town, including Pawling village Pawling village Pine Plains town Pleasant Valley town, including Pleasant Valley village Pleasant Valley village ^ Poughkeepsie city Waril Ward^ Wards Ward^ Wards Warde Ward7 Poughkeepsie town, including part of Wap- pingers Falls village TVappiTi^er* FaUs village {part of) Total for Wappingers Falls village i» Pough- Iceepsie and Wappinger towns Bed Hook town, including Red Hook and Tivoli villages Red Hook village Tivoli village Ehinebeck town, including Rhinebeck village. KhirieiecTc village Stanford towp Union Vale town Wappinger town. Including part of Wappingers Falls village Wappingers Falls village (part of) Washington town, including Millbrook village . MilWrook village Erie County. Alden town, including Alden village A Iden village Amherst town, including Williamsville vUlage. Williainsvtlle village Aurora town, including East Aurora village East Aurora milage Boston town Brant town, including Famham village and part of Cattaraugus Indian Reservation Cattaraugus Indian Reservation {part of) [For total, see Perrysburg town, Cattarau- gus County.] Farnham village Buffalo city Ward! Ward 2 Wards.. Wardi.. Wards.. Warde.. Ward?.. Wards.. Ward 9.. Ward 10. Ward 11 . Ward IS. Ward IS. Ward H. Ward IS. Ward 16. 1,393 3,802 669 2,164 4,148 S,e07 2,113 eu 684 2,127 6,088 , S,10S 87,661 2,123 827 1,278 2,016 2,226 13,858 sie S,90B fl,7«r 3,019 1,350 893 2,110 868 1,927 848 1,420 1,358 4n 27,936 4,781 4,U1 3,679 4,448 3,703 3,417 3,467 8,626 S,19S 3,705 960 1,034 3,532 1,S48 1,620 1,097 3,813 g,$7i 3,027 1,136 628,986 2,748 828 4,629 1,10S 4,479 S,7S1 1,635 2,424 B99 423, 715 17,947 9,m 16, BOS eg, 639 IS, 644 11,848 14,4BS SS,474 S0,1S7 14,711 SS,87S S4,S4e 9,9U 11,907 19,385 SI, 901 1,608 3,619 640 2,1M 4,023 I, SSI 1,997 SSO 663 2,482 4,869 S,811 81,670 2,374 1,071 1,370 1,959 1,970 13,016 689 S,67S 6,807 2,806 1,304 950 2,047 SOS 1,921 781 1,263 1,483 '24,'629 6,820 877 S,B04 867 1,163 3,472 1,494 1,624 946 4,319 S,eS7 3,032 1,027 433,686 2,396 607 4,223 90S 4,015 2,366 1,398 2,006 286 362,387 1890 1,666 3,313 616 2,272 3,122 1,368 1,940 661 S6S 2,626 4,643 2,299 77,879 2,362 1,113 1,426 1,863 2,176 11,840 74s S,617 4,2} 8 2,821 1,463 1,026 2,026 eS8 1,949 6S0 1,308 1,531 22,206 4,782 976 3,718 4,388 9SS 1,360 3,367 1,649 1,859 1,033 4,676 S,742 2,766 822,981 2,304 63S 4,014 3,266 1,682 1,278 1,396 255,664 MmOE CrVlL DIVISION. 1 Incorporated in 1903. . s Laokawaima city incorporated from part 1 West Seneca town m 1909. « Returned in 1900 as in Newstead town, Erie County, and Alabama town, Oflufisfio CountVi only. i Tonawanda village, returned with Tonawanda town in 1900, incorporated as a city in 1903. Erie County- -Continued. Buffalo city— Continued. Ward 17 Ward 18 - Ward 19 Ward 20 Ward 21 Ward 22 Ward 23 Ward 24 Ward 26 Cheektowaga town, including Sloan village and part of Depew village Depew village (part of) Total for Depew milage in Cheektowaga and Lancaster towns Sloan milage Clarence town Colden town Collins town, Including parts of Cattaraugus Indian Reservation and Gowanda village Cattaraugus Indian Reservation (part of) Gowanda village (partof) [For total, see Persia town, Cattaraugus County.) Concord town, including Springville village Springville village East Hamburg town Eden town Ehna town Evans town, including Angola village Angola village Grand Island town Hamburg town, including Blasdell and Ham- burg villages Blasdell village Hamburg village Holland town Lackawanna city ' Wardl Ward S Wards .Ward 4 Lancaster town, including Lancaster village and part of Depew village Depew village (part of) Lancaster village Marilla town Newstead town, including Akron village and part of Tonawanda Indian Reservation A kron village Tonawanda Indian Reservation (part of) Total for Tonawanda Indian Reservation^ in l^ewstead town, Erie County, and Ala- bama and Pembroke towns, Genesee County. North Collins town Sardinia town Tonawanda city * Wardl Wards Wards Tonawanda town,' including Keimiore village. Kenmore village Wales town West Seneca town 2 Essex County. Chesterfield town, including part of Keeseville village Keeseville village (part of) [For total, see Ausable town, Clinton County.] Crown Point town Elizabethtown town, including Elizabethtown village Eltzabetltiown village Essex town Jay town Keene town Lewis town Minerva town Moriab town, including Port Henry village Port Henry village Newcomb town North Elba town,' including Lake Placid vil- lage and part of Saranac Lake village Lake Placid village 7 Saranac Lake village (part of) Total for Saranac Lake village' in North Elba and St. Armand towns, Essex County, and Harrietstown town, Franklin County.. North Hudson town St. Armand town,' including Bloomingdale village and part of Saranac Lake village Bloomingdale village' Saranac Lake village (part of) Schroon town 1910 13,636 21,BSS 17,219 18,870 13,804 12, 136 8,986 16,479 19,016 7,650 760 S,9S1 1,269 2,991 1,303 4,568 826 663 4,391 2,246 2,636 2,626 2,130 3,124 898 914 6,069 849 2,134 1,468 14,549 7,74s 2,673 2,296 1,936 9,663 3,171 4,364 1,382 3,760 1,677 63 497 2,424 1,644 8,290 S,037 S,4S6 1,827 2,175 1,0S0 1,203 4,605 S3,4S8 1,829 789 1,690 1,108 606 1,276 2,231 1,227 937 848 6,764 S,S66 509 3,896 l,eS2 1,019 4,98S 434 746 SS2 67 1,013 1900 5,166 659 2,974 3,379 873 2,948 1,260 3,763 878 3,196 1,378 2,362 668 4,086 1,992 2,350 2,368 2,202 2,795 712 1,036 4,673 4IB 1,68S 1,434 8,757 2,720 S,750 1,441 3,884 1,686 142 2,362 1,648 7,421 » 1,206 318 1,220 5,363 2,362 2,112 1,131 491 1,333 1,744 1,394 1,123 1,052 4,447 1,761 607 1,986 '"sie 2,694 544 769 SO 1,272 1890 3,881 1,883 2,304 2,288 2,163 2,692 650 1,048 3,802 1,331 1,695 3,962 1,692 1,699 3,721 1,492 2,016 1,728 7,146 '621 1,200 3,485 ),0S2 2,548 978 3,135 1,399 573 1,437 1,933 1,268 1,323 979 6,787 S,4S6 1,117 768 656 1,474 6 Exclusive of population of Tonawanda village. « Parts of North Elba and St. Armand towns annexed to Saranac Lake village ui 1910. ' Incorporated in 1900. > Incorporated in 1905. 580 SUPPLEMENT FOR NEW YORK. Table 1.— POPULATION OF MINOR CIVIL DIVISIONS: 1910, 1900, AND 1890— Continued. [For changes in boundaries, etc., between 1900 and 1910, see footnotes; for those between 1890 and 1900, see Reports of the Twelfth Census: 1900, Vol. I, Table 5.] MINOR CIVIL DIVISION. Essex County— Continued. Ticonderoga town, including Ticonderoga village Ticonaeroga milage Westport town, including Westport village Westport village ' Willsboro town Wilmington town Fianldln County. Altamonttown, including Tupper Lake village.. Tupper Lake village ' Bangor town Belmont town Bombay town, including St. Eegis Indian Res- ervation St. Regis Indian Meaeroation Brandon town Brighton town Burke town Chateaugay town, including Chateaugay village. Chateaugay xAUage Constable town Dickinson town Duane town Fort Covington town, including Fort Covington village Fmt Covington village Franklin town Harrietstown town,' including part of Saranac Lake village Saranac Lake village » (pari of) [For total, see North Elba town, Essex County.] Malone town, including Malone village MaloTie viUage Moira town Santa Clara town ". Waverly town Westville town Fulton County. Bleeoker town Broadalbin town Caroga town Ephratah town Gloversville city Waril Wardi Wards Ward 4 Wards Wards Johnstown city Wardl WardB , Wards , Wardi Johnstown town , Mayfield town. Including Mayfleld village May field village Northampton town, including Northville vil- lage Northville village Oppenheim town. Including part of Dolgeville village DolgeviUe village (vart of) TomLfoT DolgeviUe village in Oppenheim town^ Fulton Countj/t and Manheim town, • Herkimer County Perth town Stratford town 1910 Genesee County. Alabama town, Including part of Tonawanda Indian Reservation Tonxiwanda Indian Reservation (part of) [For total, see Newstead town, Erie County.] Alexander town, including Alexander village. . . Alexander village Batavia town,* Including Batavia village Batavia village * Bergen town, including Bergen village Bergen village Bethany town BjTon town Darien town Elba town, including Elba village Elba village Leroy town, including Leroy village Leroy village Oakfield town, including Oakfleld village Oakjield village 4,940 g,i7S 1,867 691 1,680 573 46,717 4,691 3,067 1,946 2,341 2,588 1,S49 872 741 1,772 2,840 l.OiS 1,323 1,609 300 2,028 «77 1,447 4,753 S,«97 10,154 6,467 2,346 675 2,170 1,121 44,534 500 1,845 441 1,312 20,642 i,658 i,6lS S,S40 S,774 g,894 S,SSO 10,447 2,W2 g,S99 B,960 t,JSS 2,611 2,065 690 2,228 1,1S0 1,241 m 1,685 695 607 37,615 1900 1890 5,048 1,911 1,727 1,522 42,853 3,045 2,221 2,414 2,742 1,BSS 938 706 1,936 2,723 97S 1,266 1,691 312 2,043 8S2 1,501 3,390 10,009 6,936 2,484 580 1,615. 1,237 42,842 603 1,946 470 1,666 18,349 2,661 2,136 689 2,226 1,04B 1,258 108 1,916 667 830 34,661 2,231 1,957 w 348 1,362 1,503 SIS sso 13,830 11,430 11,613 9,180 1,631 1,699 637 614 1,270 1,330 1,620 1,512 1,779 1,887 1,384 1,.')26 S61 396 6,442 4,823 3,771 3,1U 2,115 1,589 i,es6 714 11,1167 1,864 1,568 678 38,110 2,445 2,263 480 2,072 2,965 1,17S 1,439 1,664 421 2,207 870 1,345 1,582 8,991 4,988 2,512 1,690 2,270 1,376 37,660 816 2,021 624 1,864 13,864 7,768 3,191 2,181 791 1,663 769 997 33,266 1,654 1,687 9,341 7, SSI 1,830 ess 1,617 1,678 1,964 1,746 428 4,722 S,7i3 1,441 678 MINOB CIVH, DIVISION. Genesee County — Continued. Pavilion town Pembroke town, including Corfu village and part of Tonawanda Indian Reservation Corfu village Tonawanda Indian Reservation ' (part of) — Stafford town Greene County. Ashland town Athens town. Including Athens village A thens ViUage Cairo town : Catskill town, including Catsklll village Catskill village. Coxsackie town, including Coxsackie village Coisackie village Durham town Greenville town Halcott town Hunter town. Including Hunter and Tanners- vllle villages Hunter village Tannersville village Jewett town Lexington town New Baltimore town Prattsvllle town Windham town Hamilton County. Arietta town Benson town Hope town IniUan Lake town. . . Inlet town ' Lake Pleasant town. Long Lake town Morehouse town ' Wells town Heikimer County. Columbia town Danube town Fairfield town, including part of Middleville village Middleville village (part of) Total for MiddUviUe village in Fairfield and Newport towns Frankfort town, including Frankfort village FranMort milage ; Oerman Flats town, including Uion and Mo- hawk villages IlUm village Mohawk village Herkimer town, including Herkimer village Herkimer village Litchfield town Little Falls city 8 Wardl Wards Wards Ward 4 Little Falls town 8 Manheim town, including part of Dolgeville vil- lage DolgeviUe village {part of) [For total, see Oppenheim town, Fulton County.] Newport town, including Newport village and parts of Middleville and Poland villages MiddUviUe viUage (part of) Newport village Poland village (part of) , Total for Poland village in Newport and Rus- sia towns Norway town Ohio town. Russia town, including Cold Brook village and part of Poland village Cold Brook village^ Poland village (part of) Salisbury town Schuyler town Stark town Warren town Webb town, including Old Forge village Old Forge viUage i'' Wilmurt town Winfleld town, including West Winfield village. West Winfield village 1910 1,462 2,301 413 (•) 1,288 30,214 640 2,720 1,966 1,841 9,066 6,S96 1,476 1,556 331 408 860 1,057 1,054 1,936 781 1,438 4,373 143 258 1,046 197 468 1,149 149 742 56,366 1,071 941 1,305 367 6S5 5,105 3, SOS 10,160 6,688 g,079 8,797 7,6S0 803 12,273 3,633 S,3S0 S,6SS S,798 3,355 S,610 1,490 S68 683 79 642 627 1,772 368 S53 1,468 1,227 897 1,071 1,260 46S 178 1,386 7se 1900 1,642 2,425 401 31,478 2,891 S,171 2,176 8,666 6,484 4,102 S,7S6 1,636 1,651 360 2,788 4S1 693 1,028 1,153 2,283 775 1,387 4,947 247 299 463 1,219 1,023 319 908 61,049 1,268 1,043 867 4,472 S,664 8,663 6,138 S,0S8 6,748 6,656 931 10,381 718 2,648 1,807 1,613 306 610 100 S70 680 660 2,025 1890 S70 1,426 1,366 1,030 1,240 920 353 1,475 771 I Incorporated in 1907. ' Incorporated in 1902. > Part of Harrietstown town annexed to Saranac Lake village in 1910. * Part of Batavia town annexed to Batavia village in 1903. ' Returned In 1900 as In Newstead town, Erie County, and Alabama town, Genesee County, only. 1,581 2,679 1,625 31,698 787 2,876 s,0S4 2,191 8,263 4,9gO 3,773 1,611 1,925 1,951 367 2,436 976 1,229 2,466 876 1,603 4,702 367 322 560 1,047 416 580 182 46,608 1,380 1,116 1,553 S,S91 7,255 4,057 1,808 4,666 1,055 8,783 460 2,078 1,835 81S 832 2,145 1,800 1,259 1,248 1,339 373 1,625 741 ' No population reported. ' Inlet town organized from part of Morehouse town In 1901. 8 Part of Little Falls town annexed to Little Falls olty In 1902. » Incorporated in 1903. >° Incorporated in 1906. STATISTICS OF POPULATION. 581 Table 1.— POPULATION OF MINOR CIVIL DIVISIONS: 1910, 1900, AND 1890— Continued. [For changes in boundaries, etc., between 1900 and 1910, see footnotes; for those between 1890 and 1900, see Reports of the Twelfth Census: 1900, Vol. I, Table 6.] SONOK CrVlL DIVISION. Jefferson County. Adams town, Including Adams Tillage Aiams milage Alexandria town, including Alexandria Bay village A lexandria Bay village Antwerp town, including Antwerp village Antwerp milage BrownvlUe town, including Brownville, Dex- ter, and Glen Park villages Brownville village Dexter village , Glen Pari village Cape Vincent town, including Cape Vincent vll- Cape Vincent village Champion town, including West Carthage vil- lage.. Wei Vest Carthage milage Clayton town, Including Clay ton village Clayton village Eliisburg town, including Belleville, Elllsburg, and Mannsville villages BelleviUe village Ellisburg milage Mannsville milage Henderson town, including Henderson village . . . Henderson village Hounsfleld town, including Sacketts Harbor village Sacketts Harbor village Le Ray town, including part of Black River vil- Bhick River viliige (part of) Total for Black River village in Le Ray and Rutland towns Lorraine town Lyme town, inoludhig Chaumont village Chaumont village Orleans town Pamelia town Plxiladelphia town. Including Philadelphia vil- lara Philadelphia village Rodman town Rutland town, including part of Black River village Black River village (part of) Theresa town, Including Theresa village Theresa milage Watertown city Ward! Wardg Wards Ward 4 Wards Wards Watertown town , Wtlna town .including Carthage village Carthage village Worth town 1910 Kings County. New York city (part of) comprising Brooklyn Borough Brooklyn Borough Assembly District 1 Assembly District i Assembly District S Assembly District 4 Assembly District 5 Assembly District 6 Assembly District 7 Assembly District 8 Assembly District 9 Assembly District 10 Assembly District 11 A ssembly Districts Assembly District IS Assembly District H Assembly District IS Assembly District 16 Assembly District 17 Assembly District 18 Assembly District 19 Assembly District SO Assembly District 11 Assembly District n Assembly District S3 [For total population of New York city, see New York County. ] I,ewls County. Croghantown.includingpart of Croghan village. Croghan village (part of).....------- -• Total for Croghan village ' m Croghan and New Bremen towns .- - Denmark town, including Copenhagen village. . Copenhagen village - Diana town, including Harrisville village Barrisville village. 80,382 1900 76,748 3,128 1,4£S 4,269 1,899 2,848 97i 3,615 8Si 1,006 2,57S urn 2,704 1,S9S 4,028 1,941 3,634 SU 70S SSO 1,485 340 2,217 916 940 1,955 708 2,160 976 1,640 8ii 1,123 1,862 43J 2,036 9SS 26,730 i,B82 6,101 4,BB9 S,495 4,619 S.474 1,097 6,218 s,ees 597 1,631,351 1,634,351 1,634, SSI 60,071 6S,1S9 61, ess 66,801 66,S4S 69,409 60,896 66,690 S9,7S8 63,874 S7,4SS 69,096 63,411 66,610 59,613 90,S37 60,620 86,014 70,728 63,243 78,441 137,022 166,662 24,849 3,081 1,S9S 3,894 1,611 3,008 767 946 m 2,882 1,S10 2,525 1,1S6 4,313 1,91S 3,888 384 S92 S6S 1,615 S74 2,772 1,S66 2,576 438 1,019 2,200 7S8 2,367 1,031 1,750 873 1,212 1,885 461 2,130 917 21,696 1,159 5,172 S,896 875 1,166,582 1,166,582 1,166,682 2,807 434 62t 1,889 S86 2,279 921 27,427 3,159 2,193 687 2,083 639 1890 MINOE CIVn. DIVISION. 3,181 i.seo 3,601 1,1 SS 3,095 912 3,110 666 737 3,014 1,324 2,191 932 4,411 1,-ns 4,145 462 336 389 1,688 S68 2,651 . 7S7 2,565 1,174 2,175 6SS 2,196 1,104 1,662 783 1,287 1,798 2,391 1,028 14, 725 1,215 4,522 S,«7S 905 838,647 806,343 29,806 3,527 2,275 777 2,395 617 > Incorporated in 1906. 2 Incorporated in 1907 - ,„ .^ s Exclusive of population of Oneida village. 75140°— 1.3 -SS Lewis County— Continued. Orelgtown Harrisburg town High Market town Lewis town Leyden town, including part of Port Leyden village - Port Leyden village (part of) Total far Part Leyden village in Leyden and Lyonsdale towns Lowville town, including Lowville village Lowville viUage Lyonsdale town, including parts of Lyons Falls and Port Leyden villages Lyons Fails village (part of) Totalfot Lyons Falls villagein Lyonsdale and West Turin towns Port Leyden vUlage (part of) Martinsburg town ■ Montague town New Bremen town, Including part of Croghan village Croghan village (part »f) Osceola town Pinclmey town Turin town, including Tnrin village , Turin mlage Watson town West Turin town, including Constableville village and part of Lyons Falls village Constableville village Lyons Falls village (part of) Livingston County. Avon town, including Avon village Avon village Caledonia town, including Caledonia village Caledonia village Conesus town Geneseo town, including Geneseo viUage Oeneseo village Groveland town Leicester town, including Moscow village Moscow village' Lima town, including Lima village Lima village Livonia town, including Livonia Station village Livonia Station village Mount Morris town, including Mount Morris village Motmt Morris village North Dansvllle town. Including DansvlUe vil- lage Dansville village Nunda town, including Nunda viUage Nunda village Ossian town Portage town Sparta town Springwater town west Sparta town York town Madison County. 1910 Brookfield town, including Brookfleld village Brookfteld village Cazenovia town, including Cazenovia village... Cazenovia village De Ruyter town, including De Ruyter village . . , De Ruyter village Eaton town, Including Morrlsville village Morrismlle village Fenner town Georgetown town Hamilton town, including Hamilton village and part of EarlvlUe village , Earlville viUage (part of) [For total, see Sherburne town, Chenango County.] Hamilton ViUage Lebanon town Lenox town, including Canastota and Wamps- ville villages Canastota viUage Wampsville village' Lincoln town Madison town, including Madison village Madison viUage Nelson town Oneida city * Ward! Wards Wards Ward 4 Ward 6 Ward 6 Smithfleld town Stockbridge town Sullivan town, including Chittenango village. . . (Thittenango village 807 801 1,613 60S 784 3,876 2,940 1,007 «■ 769 m 1,646 631 1,609 M7 4S6 806 1,030 SJ^ 7S7 1,941 7lt 38,037 3,432 S,06S 2,248 1,S90 937 3,188 2,067 2,820 1,702 304 2,068 866 2,819 4,004 2,782 4,328 3,938 2,361 1,04s 730 1,273 985 1,808 772 2,562 39,289 2,403 396 3,687 1,861 1,196 638 2,417 600 807 925 3,825 1,689 1,079 4,851 8,247 212 985 1,926 309 1,139 8,317 869 1,7S6 1,48S 1,631 1,338 1,271 880 1,485 3,367 678 1900 1,100 770 693 917 1,629 678 74B 3,746 S,S62 1,371 S 470 168 1,845 766 1,775 629 934 1,167 S6S 981 1,779 460 467 37,059 3,071 1,601 2,072 1,073 1,149 3,613 2,400 1,949 1,415 2,279 949 2,788 S66 3,715 2,410 3,961 S,6SS 2,397 1,018 780 1,029 1,189 2,016 906 2,730 40,646 2,726 4SS 3,830 1,819 1,410 623 2,705 624 911 3,744 1,627 1,243 4,679 S,0S0 1,062 2,024 321 1,296 n,538 1,622 3,778 7«7 1S90 1,481 816 723 999 1,624 3,684 2,611 1,451 1,982 906 1,974 6S7 1,004 1,277 369 1,299 1,803 87,801 3,179 1,663 2,188 1,196 3,534 t,2SS 1,307 1,647 2,438 1,00s 2,859 7S8 3,761 t,2SS 4,099 S,76S 2,426 1,010 949 1,130 1,136 2,086 1,008 2,868 42,892 3,262 661 4,182 f,W 1,500 667 3,121 726 1,040 1,172 3,923 349 i,m 1,277 »6,732 2,774 2,316 390 1,350 1,043 1,845 4,046 792 < Oneida village made coextensive with Oneida town and incorporated as a city in 1901. ' Population of Oneida town in 1900. 582 SUPPLEMENT FOR NEW YORK. Table 1.— POPULATION OF MINOR CIVIL DIVISIONS: 1910, 1900, AND 1890— Continued. [For changes in boundaries, etc., between 1900 and 1910, see footnotes; for those between 1890 and 1900, see Reports of the Twelfth Census: 1900, Vol. I, Table S.] MINOR CIVIL DIVISION. 1910 1900 1890 MINOK CIVIL DIVISION. 1910 1900 1890 Monroe County. 283,212 Brighton town i Chili town Clarkson town Gates town » Greece town. Including Charlotte village Charlotte village Hamlin town Henrietta town Irondequoit town 2 Mendon town, including Honeoye Falls village. . Honeoye Falls village Ogden town, including Spencerport village SpeTtcerport village Farma town, including Hilton village Hilton village Penfleld town Perinton town, including Falrport village and part of East Rochester village East Rochester village (part of) .Total for Bast Rochester village' in Perinton and Pittsford towns Fairport village .■ Pittsford town, including Pittsford village and part of East Rochester village East Rochester village (part of) Pittsford village Riga town, including Churchvillo village Churchville village. Rochester city < Wardl , WardB Wards , Wardi Wards Wards Ward? , Wards Ward 9 Ward 10 Wardll .• Ward IB Ward IS Ward 14 WardU Ward 16 , Ward 17 , Ward 18 Ward 19 Ward BO Ward it Ward£S Rush town , Sweden town, including Brockport village < Brockport village Webster town, including Webster village Webster village ^ , Wheatland town Uontgomery County.. Amsterdam city « Wardl Wards Wards Wardi Wards Warde Ward? Wards Amsterdam town,^ including Akin and Haga- man villages A kin village ' Hagaman village Canajoharie town^ including Canajoharle village. Canajoharie milage Charleston town Florida town Glen town, including Fultonville village Fultonville village Minden town, including Fort Plain village. . . . . Fort Plain village '.... Mohawir town , including Fonda village Fonda village Palatine town, including Nelliston and Palatine Bridge villages Nelliston village Palatine Bridge village Root town St. Johnsville town, including St. Johnsvllle village St. Johnsville village Nassau County. Hempstead town, including East Rockaway, Freeport, Hempstead, Lawrence, and Rock- ville Center villages and part of Floral Park village 2,071 1,549 4,862 7,777 1,9SS 2,184 1,972 3,526 2,754 1,189 3,143 1,000 2,954 627 2,977 6,566 i,ps 2,S9S S,11S 3,634 91S 1,20s 1,853 ses 218,149 2,760 4,SSS 7,616 S,8S1 10,1SS 8,S00 s,m . 16,191 7,B61 11,064 1S,S46 15,666 6,S16 u,m S,SS9 10,691 16,701 17,7S1 17,S46 10,SW 1,6SB 6,184 2,150 4,885 S,S79 3,755 1,0SB 2,463 57,667 31,267 S,768 S,OSO S,914 8,SB7 B,S79 4,019 4,S47 1,6SS 3,074 600 876 3,889 B,B/S 900 1,904 2,002 SIB 4,645 B,76B 2,488 1,100 2,517 7S7 S9B 1,512 3,369 B,SS6 44.297 217,851 3,815 2,099 1,581 3,468 5,579 1,400 2,188 2,062 2,863 2,760 1,176 2,616 716 2,814 486 2,857 4,703 2,373 1,000 1,864 606 162,608 1,491 4,743 S,S98 3,299 2,071 47,488 20,929 3,202 27, 066 189,586 •4,533 2,109 1,741 2,910 5,145 9S0 2,338 2,135 2,415 2,991 1,1B8 2,571 696 2,912 487 2,845 4,450 B,6SB 2,129 S62 2,031 133,896 1,695 5,201 S,74B 3,139 2,400 45,699 17,336 3,888 4,267 2,101 B,0S9 1,062 1,174 1,988 2,296 2,281 2,648 977 1,1 SB 4,541 5,198 I'M s,se4 2,839 1,14s 1,190 2,569 2,871 es4 721 S60 1,653 2,041 2,674 2,081 1,S7S 1,263 C«) 23,756 1 Parts annexed to Rochester city In 1901, 1905, and 1908. s Part annexed to Rochester city In 1907. • Incorporated in 1906. * Parts of Brighton town (Including Brighton village) annexed in 1901, 1905, and 1908 and parts of Gates and Irondequoit towns annexed in 1907. 'Incorporated In 1905. Nassau County— Continued. Hempstead town— Continued. East Rockaway village. . Floral Park village (part of) . ',rkt"' Total for Floral Park village ' in Bempstead and North Hempstead towns Freeport milage Hempstead village Lawrence village Rockville Center village.. North Hempstead town, including Mineola vil- lage and part of Floral Park village Floral Park village (partof) Mineola village ' Oyster Bay town, including Farmingdale and Sea CUfl villages Farmingdale village 'k Sea Cliff village New York County. 1,B00 928 1,225 4,8S6 4,964 1,189 S,667 17,831 297 1,981 21,802 1,667 1,694 2,762,522 2,612 3,582 ses t,SS4 12,048 4, SSI 8,134 16,334 i',55S 2,050,600 13,870 1,515,301 New York city (part of) comprising Bronx and Manhattan Boroughs Bronx Borough Assembly district SO (part of) Assembly district SB Assembly district 33 Assembly district S4 Assembly district S6 Manhattan Borough Assembly district 1 Assembly district B A ssembly district 3 Assembly district 4 Assembly districts Assembly district 6 Assembly district 7 Assembly district 8 A ssembly district 9 Assembly district 10 Assembly district 11 A ssembly district IB Assembly district IS Assembly district 14 Assembly district 16 A ssembly district 16 A ssembly district 17 A ssembly district 18 A ssembly district 19 A ssembly district BO Assembly district 21 Assembly district BS Assembly district 23 Assembly district 24 Assembly district 25 Assembly district 26 Assembly district 27 A ssembly district 28 Assembly district 29 Assembly district SO (part of) Assembly district 31 Total for New York city, coextensive with Kings, New York, Queens, and Richmond Counties Niagara County. 2,762,522 430,980 24,707 131,248 80,711 105,030 S9,2S4 2,831,642 76,S7S 91,509 88,002 99,7B1 67,S41 99, BBS 52,483 109,107 64,496 100, 9B9 SB, 833 78,010 SB, 290 63, 879 7B,0S1 61,415 6S,S48 74,694 SB, 407 66,8B1 73,446 S4,13S 119,799 85, 109 64,B8B 82,64$ 56, 20s 89, SOB 65,300 92,275 64,327 4,766,883 92,036 2,050,600 200,507 1,515,301 1,850,098 S, 437,202 74,961 1,515,301 62,491 Cambria town Hartland town, including part of Middleport village Middleport village (part of) Totalfor Middleport village in Hartland and Royalton towns Lewiston town, including Lewiston village and Tuscarora Indian Reservation Lewiston village Tuscarora Indian Reservation Lockport city Wardl Ward 2 Ward S Ward 4 , Wards Ward 6 Lockport town Newfanetown Niagara Falls city Wardl Ward 2 Wards Ward 4 Wards Warde Ward7 Wards Ward 9 Niagara town, Including La Salle village La Salle village 2,728 141 1,431 3,221 697 SS7 16,581 2,007 2,843 1,217 2,577 6SS 16,038 2,586 3,248 19,457 2,773 3,170 3,286 2,639 4,662 i,9se 3,187 S,472 S,S4S 1,648 1,299 1,066 661 10,979 8 Part of Amsterdam town (Rookton village) annexed to Amsterdam city In 1901 . ' Incorporated in 1909. 8 Comparison of population for 1890 made by minor civil divisions wherever possible. » Incorporated in 1908. "> Incorporated in 1904. STATISTICS OF POPULATION. 583 Table 1.— POPULATION OF MINOR CIVIL DIVISIONS: 1910, 1900, AND 1890— Continued. [For onanges In boundaries, etc., between 1900 and 1910, see footnotes; for those between 1890 and 1900, see Reports of tie Twelfth Census: 1900, Vol. I, Table 5.] MINOB CIVIL DIVISION. Nlaeara County— Continued. North Tonawanda city Wardl Wards Wards ','.., Pendleton town Porter town, Including Youngstown village..'... Yimn^atown village Eoyalton town. Including part of Middleport viU^e iuddleport village (part of) Somerset town, including Barker village Barker village^ Wheatfield town Wilson town, Including Wilson village WiUon milage Oneida County.. AnnsvlUe town Augusta town, including Oriskany Falls village. Oritikany FaUt village Ava town Boonvllle town. Including Boonvllle village BoonviUe village Brldgewater town. Including Bridgewater vil- lage Bridgewater village Camden town. Including Camden village Camden village Deerfleld town Florence town Floyd town Forestport town, including Forestport village... Foreatport village' Kirkland town, including Clinton village Clinton village Lee town , Marcy town Marshall town, Includhig part of Waterville vll- lar- VaterviUe village {part o/') Total for Waterville village in Marshall and Sartgerfield towns New Hartford town,> including New Hutford village New Hartford village Paris town, including ClayvIIle village Clayviue village Bemsen town, including part of Kemsen village. Remeen village (part on Total for Bemeen viUage' in Bemsen and Trenton towns Rome city Wardl Wards Wards Wardi Wards Warde Ward? Sangerfield town, including part of Waterville village Waterville village (part of) Steuben town Trenton town. Including Holland Patent, Pros- pect, and Trenton villages and part of Remsen village Hmand Patent village Prospect village Bemsen village * (part of) TrerUon village Uticaclty' Wardl Wardi Wards Ward 4 Wards Wards WardT Wards Ward 9 Ward 10 Ward It Ward It Ward IS WardU Ward IS Vernon town, including Oneida Castle and Ver- non villages Oneida Castle village Vernon village Verona town. Including New London village New London village Vienna town, including Sylvan Beach village Sylvan Beach villajeK Western town Westmoreland town 1910 11,965 S,4igS s,ejie 4,888 1,267 2,665 see 4,966 1,409 2,260 Ml 1,792 2,979 ess 1S4,167 1,449 1,969 89S 663 3,191 1,794 832 t4S 3,426 S,170 1,660 936 697 1,100 S07 4,333 i,es6 1,379 1,301 1,744 i42 1,410 5,947 1,19S 2,659 649 1,087 4£1 20,497 S,0S6 s,se4 s,sse S,S85 i,esi 1,910 i,m 2,086 1,168 785 2,402 SS7 «r« ie tS9 74,419 1,S91 6,674 S,SgS S,S07 S,S1S t,64S 6,980 14,471 6,tS7 S,i4S S,471 4,676 4,ses 4,84S S,790 3,197 S9S 4S1 3,466 108 1,904 169 1,355 1,996 1900 1,364 2,236 S47 4,797 1,190 1,923 1,926 2,881 eis 132,800 1,744 2,029 811 706 3,332 1,74s 931 !g69 3,745 e,S70 1,766 1,207 785 1,662 4,645 1,S40 1,671 1,398 1,804 tSS 1,S71 6,230 1,007 2,626 S68 1,208 S89 S89 15,343 2,440 1,SS3 902 2,628 SSB SSS t98 56,383 2,784 191 SSO 3,875 177 2,218 1,621 2,192 1890 1,514 2,210 490 4,632 'i,'962 4,015 2,978 ess 132,922 ' Incorporated In 1908. 2 Incorporated in 1903. ' Farts of New Hartford town annexed to Utica city In 1904 and 1910. < Betomed in 1900 03 In Eemsen town only. 2,068 1,984 6SS 860 3,609 i,eis 1,073 '3,m i,9oe 1,964 1,489 920 1,519 4,852 1,169 1,846 1,213 2,146 S90 2,024 5,005 912 3,211 84s 1,099 SSS SSS 14,991 3,017 1,7S4 1,005 2,709 406 284 44,007 3,016 S17 S77 4,535 2,220 1,817 2,313 MINOR CIVIL DIVISION. Oneida Connty— Continued. Whitcstown town, Including Whltesboro and YorivUle villMes Whitesboro village YorkvUle village ' Onondaga County. Camillas town, including Camjllus village Camillus village Cicero town Clay town De Witt town, including East Syracuse and Eastwood villages East Syracuse village Eastwood viUage Elbridge town, including Elbrldge and Jordan villages Elbridge village Jordan village Fabius town, including Fabius village FaUttS ViUage Geddes town, including Solvay village Solvay village La Fayette town. Including part of Onondaga Indian Reservation Onondaga Indian Beservation (part of) Total for Onondaga Indian Beservation in La Fayette and Onondaga towns Lysander town, including part of Baldwlnsvllle village Saldwinsville village (part of) Total for Baldwinsville village in Lysander and Van Buren towns Manlius town, including Fayettevllle and Man- lius villages Fayetteville village Manlius village Marcellus town, including Marcellus village Marcellus milage Onondaga town,' including part of Onondaga Indian Reservation Onondaga Indian Beservation (part of) O tisco town Pompey town Salina town, ' including Liverpool village Liverpool village Skaneateles town. Including Skaneateles village. Skaneateles village Spafford town Syracuse city' Wardl Wardl Wards Ward 4 Wards Warde Ward? Wards Ward 9 Ward 10 Ward 11 Ward IS Ward IS Ward 14 Ward IS Wardie Ward 17 Ward 18 Ward 19 Tully town, including Tully village Tully village - Van Buren town, including part of Baldwins!.' ville village Baldwinsville village (part of) Ontario Connty. Bristol town Canadice town Canandaigua town, including Canandaigua vil- lage Canandaigua village Wardl Ward2 Wards Ward4 East Bloomflcld town Farmington town Genevacity Wardl Wards Wards Ward4 Wards Wards Geneva town 1910 7,798 i,S7S 691 200,298 2,642 76S 2,475 2,431 7,422 S,274 810 2,980 462 978 1,567 S44 6,959 S,1S9 1,601 188 4,509 1,86S 6,016 1,481 1,S14 2,826 917 6,340 S77 1,060 2,093 3,208 1,S88 4,274 1,61S 1,064 137,249 6,082 7,01s 8,401 6,072 9,1S4 s.ses 6,169 B,S67 4,92S 8,1S7 S,94S 7,SS4 6,829 8,0S2 9,7S7 1,386 SSI 3,200 1,2S4 62,286 1,247 659 9,406 7,217 1,S7S 1,244 1,860 2, SSS 1,892 1,568 12,446 1,879 2,4es 2,916 1,068 S,1SS 1,9SS 1,086 1900 6,235 i,9es 168,735 2,453 se7 2,611 2,578 5,435 2,S09 S4I 3,327 S49 1,118 1,686 S87 4,387 S,49S 1,892 214 SSO 4,838 1,812 2,992 5,374 1,S04 1,219 2,581 S89 6,580 S16 1,202 2,546 3,746 1,1SS 4,205 1,49s 1,169 108,374 1,466 S74 3,297 1,180 49,605 1,310 674 8,284 e,isi 1,940 1,607 10,433 1,091 1890 5, US 1,683 146,247 2,678 487 2,636 2,630 4,660 2,2S1 3,560 69S 1,271 1,717 S12 1,671 ses 1,874 6,163 1,8SS S,040 5,453 1,410 942 2,739 ses 5,135 1,326 2,859 3,490 1,284 4,662 1,SS9 1,227 88,143 3,444 1,207 48,463 1,510 730 8,229 5,868 2,039 1,703 7,567 1,320 ' Special charter, 1901. « Incorporated In 1902. ' Parts of Onondaga and Salina towns annexed to Syracuse city In 1908 and 584 SUPPLEMENT FOR NEW YORK. Table 1.— POPULATION OP MINOR CIVIL DIVISIONS: 1910, 1900, AND 1890— Continued. [For changes in boundaries, etc., between 1900 and 1910, see footnotes; for those between 1890 and 1900, see Reports of the Twelfth Census: 1900, Vol. I, Table 5.) MINOR CITIL DIVISION. Ontario County— Continued. Gorham town, including part of Rushville vil- lage IRuslivUle village (part of) Total for BumviUe viiuige in Gorham town, Ontario County, and Potter town, Yates County Hopewell town Manchester town, including Manchester and Shortsville villages and part of CUf ton Springs village Clifton Springs village (partof) Total for Clifton Springs milage in Manchester ana Phelps towns Manchester village •Shortsville village Naples town, including Naples village Naples village Phelps town, including Phelps village and part of Clifton Springs village Clifton Springs village (part of) Phelps village Richmond town Seneca town South Bristol town Victor town, including Victor village Victor village West Bloomfield town Orange County. Blooming Grove town, including Washlngton- ville village Washii^onville village Chester town, Including Chester village Chester village Cornwall town,' including Cornwall village Cornwall village ' Crawford town Deerpark town 2 Goshen town, including Goshen village Goshen village Greenville town Hamptonburg town Highlands town. Including Highland Falls vil- lage Highland Falls village * Mlddletown city , Wardl WardB Wards Wardi Minisink town, including Unionvlile village Unionville village Monroe town,_ including Monroe village Monroe village Montgomery town, including Montgomery and Walden villages Montgomery village Walden village Mount Hope town ; Newburgh city Wardl Wards , Wards Wardi Wards Warde Newburgh town New Windsor town Port Jervis city 2 Wardl WardB Wards Wardi Tuxedo town Wallkilltown Warwick town, including Warwick village Warwiclc village Wawayanda town Woodbury town 1910 Orleans County. A]biontown,includingpartof Albion village A Unon village (part of) Total for Albion village in Albion and Gaines towns Barre town Carlton town Clarendon town Gaines town, including part of Albion village .. . Albion village (part of) KendaU town Murray town, including Holley village Bolley village , 2,134 m m 1,493 4,889 1,189 1,600 SSI 1,112 2,349 1,09S 4,733 ill l,S6i 1,277 2,669 965 2,393 881 1,181 116,001 2,110 esi 2,061 i,mo 5,690 B,eB8 1,659 1,696 5,149 S,0S1 644 1,168 1900 6,455 i,901 5,016 1,812 2,259 1,335 1,946 US 1,685 3,969 1,679 2,131 ISO 416 1,550 4,733 l,gr7 1,617 711 9n 2,370 l,OiS 4,788 SiO i,soe 1,381 2,654 1,104 2,249 649 1,306 103,869 2,188 667 2,186 1,2S0 4,258 1,966 1,778 » 1,932 4,564 2,826 800 1,072 4,519 14,522 1,605 W 1,784 796 6,939 97S S,U7 1,236 24,943 4,246 2,392 9,385 2,277 2,725 6,403 1,7SS 1,539 1,666 30,164 1890 6,749 4, SSI 4,m 1,937 2,338 1,518 1,889 126 1,616 3,656 1,S80 2,203 1S8 4S0 1,655 4,439 1,046 1,297 2,465 1,266 5,086 2S1 1,336 1,611 2,690 1,225 2,620 77« 1,481 97,859 2,236 691 2,112 3,766 760 1,876 3 2,166 5,021 2,907 862 1,129 4,099 11,977 1,269 S16 1,694 630 5,061 1,024 2,132 1,437 23,087 4,543 2,621 9,327 1,678 2,765 6,000 1,6S7 1,625 1,528 30,803 MINOE CIVIL DIVISION. 5,773 4,469 4,686 2,154 2,374 1,731 2,070 117 1,775 3,465 1,SS1 1 Part of Cornwall town annexed to Cornwall village in 1909. 2 Port Jervis village, returned with Deerpark town in 1900, incorporated as a eity in 1907. ' Exclusive of population of Port Jervis village. < Incorporated in 1906. ' Incorporated in 1903.' « Fulton and Oswego Falls villages, returned with Volney and Granby towns In 1900, consolidated and incorporated as Fulton city in 1902. Orleans Ooiinty— Continued, Hidgeway town, including part of MedJna village Medina village (part of) Total for Medina village in Eidgeway and Shaby towns Shelby town, Including part of Medina village. . Medina village (partof) Yates town. Including Lyndonville village Lyndonville village* ^ Oswego County. Albion town, includiag Altmar village AUmar village Amboy town Boylston town Constantia town, including Cleveland village. . . Cleveland milage Fulton city' Wardl Ward 2 Wards Wardi Wards Warde Granby town' Hannibal town. Including Hannibal village Hannibal village Hastings town, including Central Square village. Central Square village Mexico town, including Mexico village Mexico village New Haven town Orwell town Oswego city Wardl Wards Wards Wardi WardB Warde Ward 7 Wards , Oswego town Palermo town Parish town, includiag Parish village Parish village , Red field town , Richland town, including Pulaski village PulasM village , Sandy Creek town, including Lacona and Sandy Creek villages Lacona village Sandy Creek village Schroeppel town, including Phoenix village Phoenit village Scribatown Volney town ' West Monroe town Wllliamstown town Otsego Coonty. Burlington town Butternuts town, including Gllbertsville village. Oilbertsville village Cherry Valley town, Including Cherry Valley village Cherry Valley village Decatur town Edmestontown Exeter townl Hartwlcktown Laurens town, including Laurens village Laurens viUage Maryland town, Including Schenevus village Schenevus village MlddleSeld town, Including part of Coopers- town village ' , Cooperstown village (part of) Total for Cooperstown village in Middlefield and Otsego towns Mllford town, including Milford village Milford village Morris town, including Morris village Morris village New Lisbon town Oneonta city " Wardl WardB Wards Wardi Wards Warde Oneonta town '° Otego town, including Otego village Otego village 1910 6,638 3, 741 6,683 3,945 i,m 2,156 647 71,661 1,472 363 736 667 2,023 687 10,480 l,6ie 2,601 1,662 1,143 1,843 1,78B 2,022 2,148 330 2,316 i£9 2,982 1,B3S 1,461 929 23,368 S,S6S 2,i2S 3,620 2,937 2,986 i,S8i 2,013 2,939 2,671 1,255 1,311 i90 803 3,791 1,788 2,106 as 617 2,707 l,6i2 2,199 2,407 915 47,216 1,108 1,453 1,706 792 476 1,567 1,067 1,813 1,453 Sit 1,852 S76 1,949 48 2,484 1,825 611 1,434 SSS 1,039 9,491 1,870 1,649 1,349 1,490 1,493 1,740 1,307 1,699 676 1900 5,898 3,146 4,716 3,679 1,671 1,884 70,881 1,724 418 2,259 €89 '8,206 8 2,195 2,473 4iO 2,303 364 3,091 1,249 1,408 1,149 22, 199 2,737 1,407 1,530 6i8 911 3,635 1,P3 2,232 SSS 692 3,012 1,S32 2,480 •2,393 936 1,028 48,939 1,263 1,698 i7e 1,802 772 559 1,767 1,087 1,800 1,483 233 1,998 2,100 2,368 2,007 632 1,689 BBS 1,225 7,147 1890 "1,763 1,817 6B8 5,790 t,88i 4,492 1,804 1,969 71,883 2,172 BSl 969 1,081 2,691 8S9 '6,035 8 2,317 2,688 4S2 2,364 3,404 1,315 1,557 1,370 21,842 2,772 1,607 1,770 641 1,060 3,771 1,617 2,279 SSS 723 3,026 1,466 2,480 » 2,313 1,100 1,215 50,861 1,334 1,813 1,803 686 597 1,703 1,245 1,894 1,659 256 2,199 665 2,200 2,657 2,061 1,920 eoi 1,323 6,272 "1,746 1,840 ' Combined population of Fulton and Oswego Falls villages. 8 Exclusive of population of Oswego Falls village. » Exclusive of population of Fulton village. " Oneonta village, returned with Oneonta town in 1900, incorporated as a city in 1909. " Exclusive of i>opulation of Oneonta village. STATISTICS OF POPULATION. 585 Tame 1.— POPULATION OF MINOR CIVIL DIVISIONS: 1910, 1900, AND 1890— Continued. [For changes in boundaries, etc., between 1900 and 1910, see lootaotes; for those between 1890 and 1900, see Reports of the Twelfth Census: 1900, Vol. I, Table 6.) MINOE CIVn. DIVISION. Otsego County— Continued. Otsego town. Including part of Cooperstown CoopersUmnviiiage (■Dartof)'..'. .............. Plttsfield town Plalnfl eld town , Richfield town, Including Richfield Springs village Richfield Springa village Hoseboom town Bpringfield town Unadllla town, including Unadllla village Unadilla village Westford town Worcester town Putnam County. Carmel town Kent town Patterson town PhiUipstown town, Including Cold Springs and Nelsonvllle villages Cold Sprin^a vtilage Nelsonvllle village Putnam Valley town Southeast town. Including Brewster village Brewster viSage Queens County.. New York city (part of) comprising Queens Borough Queens Borough: Assemblp district 1 Assembly district X Assembly district S AsaeiabVy district i [Fortotal population of New York olty,see New York County.] Rensselaer County. Berlin town Brunswick town' , East Greenbush town '..: Grafton town , HoQslck town, Including Hoosick Falls village. . Boosicle Falls milage Wardl Wards i , Wards Ward 4 Nassau town, including Nassau village Nassau milage North Greenbush town * Petersburg town Pittstown town. Including part of Valley Falls village. Valley Falls village (part of) Total for Valley Falls village' in Pittstown and Schaghticoke towns Poestenkiil town Rensselaer city« Wardl Wardl Wards Ward 4 Wards Warde Ward? Wards WardO Eandlaketown Schaghticoke town,' Including Schaghticoke vil- lage and part of valley Falls village Schaghticoke village Valley Falls village (part of) Schodaok town , including Castleton village CasUeton village Stephentown town Troy city '. Wardl.. Wardt.. Wards.. Wardt.. Warde... Warde.. Ward?.. Wards... Ward 9... Ward 10. Ward 11. Ward IS. Ward IS. 1910 4,287 i,4S6 917 844 2,212 i,eos 883 1,468 2,376 1,009 803 2,185 2,610 968 1,636 5,345 IB,549 7ee 924 3,282 i.ese 284,041 284,041 B8,m 58, ess 9s,m 74,171 2,920 700 8SS 1,078 10,711 1,S19 1,187 i,m 1,S06 896 i,esi 981 1,S71 896 2,128 2, 1900 4,497 t,SS6 1,101 2,526 l,eS7 1,031 1,762 2,601 i,m 910 2,409 13,787 2,598 1,026 1,644 4,642 s,oe7 624 1,034- 2,843 l,19i 162,999 152,999 1,677 3,513 2,036 1,136 8,631 5, 871 2,073 418 4,719 1,449 3,236 1,362 7,466 2,299 2,631 1,061 4,334 l,iU 1,645 60,651 1890 4,917 1,218 1,025 2,699 1,61S 1,190 1,726 2,723 i,m 1,023 2,741 14,849 2,912 1,147 1,402 4,113 1,193 4,082 128,069 1,704 3,654 2,171 1,457 10, 471 7,014 2,273 356 4,768 1,461 4,066 1,602 7,301 3,059 1,S58 4,388 1,127 1,764 60,956 J County totals include population (12,939 in 1900; 10,871 in 1890) of Lansingburg town J)arts annexed to Troy city and Schaghticoke town in 1901. 1 jrart annexed to Troy city in 1901. I Part annexed to Rensselaer city in 1902. « Parts annexed to Troy and Rensselaercitles in 1901 and 1902, respectively. • Incorporated in 1904. « Parts of East Greenbush town and North Greenbush town (Includmg Bath- on-Hadson village) annexed In 1(K)2. MmoB crvn. niviaioN. Rensselaer County— Continued. Troy city— Continued. Ward 14 WardU Ward 16 Ward 17 Richmond County New York city (part of) comprising Richmond Borough Richmond Borough: Assembly district 1 [For total population of New York city, see New York County.] Rockland County. Clarkstown town, including Upper Nyack vil- lage Upper Nyack village Haverstraw town, including Haverstraw and West Haverstraw villages Haverstraw village West Haverstraw village Orangetown town, including Grand View-on- Hudson, Nyack, Piermont, and South Nyack Grand View.on-HtidsonviUage' Nyack village Piermont vtilage South Nyack village Ramapo town, including HUlbum, Valley, and Suflem villages Hillburn village Spring Valley village "> , Suffern village Stony Point town Spring St. Lawrence County. Brasher town Canton town, including Canton village : Canton milage Clare town Clifton town Colton town Dekalb town, including Riehville village Richville village Depeyster town Edwards town, including Edwards village Edwards village Fine town Fowler town Gouvemeur town, Including Gouvemeur village. Gouverneur village Hammond town, including Hammond village.. Hammond village i* Hermon town, including Hermon village Herman vtilage Hopkinton town " Lawrence town Lisbon town " Louisville town Macomb town Madrid town Massena town, including Massena village Massena village Morristown town, Including Morristown village! Morristown milage Norfolk town, including part of Norwood vil- Norwood village (part of) Total for Norwood village in Norfolk and Pots- dam towns Ogdensburg city " •. Wardl Wards Wards Ward 4 '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. Oswegatchie town Parishville town Piercefield town" Pierrepont town .' . .' [ Pitcaim town Potsdam town, including Potsdam village and part of Norwood village Norwood village (part of) Potsdam village Rossie town Russell town Stockholm town Waddington town, including Waddlngton vll- Waddirtgtan village. . 1910 B,S1S S,6S0 6,198 S,900 86,989 85,969 85,969 46,873 591 9,335 5,669 2,S69 14,370 S68 4,619 1,880 S,06S 11,637 1,090 S,S5S t,66S 3,651 89,006 2,179 6,151 g,70i 420 1,674 1,499 2,516 S07 907 1,387 476 2,234 1,655 6,020 4,128 1,745 m 1,526 587 1,469 1,676 2,981 1,492 1,168 1,457 4,806 2,951 1,888 540 2,938 ei 1,993 15,933 S,0S9 4,056 S,50S 6,SS6 2,235 1,785 770 1,628 816 8,725 1,932 4,036 981 1,842 2,614 1,888 7S1 1900 67,021 67,021 38,298 6,305 516 9,874 5,935 2,079 10,456 4,sr6 1,15S 1,601 7,502 8S4 1,619 4,161 89,083 2,703 6,387 1,757 330 1,382 1,678 2,723 SSI 936 1,340 S7S 1,694 1,716 6,915 3,689 1,764 1,642 503 2,621 1,963 5,255 1,621 1,374 1,668 3,904 2, OSS 1,798 1,911 58 1,714 12,633 2,368 2,086 1,885 902 9,054 1,656 S,84S 1,136 2,067 2,826 2,001 757 1890 Sl,( 86,162 6,216 9,079 5,070 180 10,343 4,111 1,219 1,496 6,910 4,641 86,048 2,910 6.096 2,580 281 342 1,843 2,840 SS6 947 1,267 1,207 1,692 5,851 S,45S 1,774 1,621 47S 1,832 2,037 3,809 1,676 1,415 1,969 2,740 1,049 1,966 47S 2,024 1,463 11,662 2,346 2,272 1,954 1,103 8,939 1,463 3,961 1,493 2,132 2,999 2,203 90O ' That part of Lansingburg town outside ot Lansingburj •'Lansingburg village and parts of Brunswick and annexed in 1901. » Incorporated in 1900. '» Incorporated m 1902. " Incorporated in 1901. " Piercefield town organized from part of Hopkinton town In " Part of Lisbon town annexed to Ogdensburg city In 1901. annexed in 1901. Greenbush towns 1900. 586 SUPPLEMENT FOR NEW YORK. Table 1.— POPULATION OF MINOR CIVIL DIVISIONS: 1910, 1900, AND 1890— Continued. [For changes in boundaries, etc., between 1900 and 1910, see footnotes; for those between 1890 and 1900, see Reports of the Twelfth Census: 1900, Vol. I, Table 6.] MINOB avn. DIVISION. Saratoga County. Ballston town, including part of Ballston Spa Tillage Ballston Spa village (part of) Total for Ballston Spa village in Ballston and Milton towns Charlton town Clifton Park town Corinth town^ including Corinth village Corinth milage Day town Edlnburg town Galway town, including Galway village Qalway village Greenfield town Hadley town Halfmoon town. Including part of Mechanic- ville village Mechantcville village (part of) Total for MechanicvilU village in Halfmoon and Stillwater towns Malta town , Milton town, including part of Ballston Spa vil- lage Ballston Spa village (part of) Moreau town,mcluding South Glens Fallsvlllage South Olens Falls village Northumberland town Providence town Saratoga town, including Schuylerviile and Vic- tory Mills villages Sclmylermlle village Victort/ Mills village Saratoga Springs town, including Saratoga Springs village. Saratoga Springs village. — 11. Ward Wards. Wards. Ward 4. Wards. Wards. _ Stillwater town, including StUlwater village and part of Meohanicville village Mechanicville village (part of) Stillwater village Waterford town, including Waterford village. . . Waterford village WUtontown Schenectady County. Duanesburg town Glenville town, including Scotia village. Scotia village ' Nlskayuna town * Princetown town Eotterdam town ' Schenectady city ^ Wardl Ward$ Wards Ward 4 Wards Warde Ward? Wards Ward 9 Ward 10 Ward II Ward IS Ward IS Schoharie County . Blenheim town Broome town Carlisle town Cobleskill town. Including Cobleskill village Cobleskill village Conesvllle town Esperance town. Including Esperance village. . . Esperanee village Fulton town Gllboa town Jefferson town Mlddleburg town, including Mlddleburg village. Middleourg viUage Richmondville town. Including Rlchraondville village Richmondville village Schoharie town, including Schoharie village ... . Schoharie village Seward town Sharon town, including Sharon Springs village. . Sharon Springs village Summit town Wright town 1910 61,917 2,091 549 4,1S8 1,030 2,225 3,102 2,ise 628 793 1,205 lis 1,552 672 5,980 4,SS8 e,6S4 1,285 5,724 3.689 3,340 S,S47 1,127 620 3,942 1,614 748 13,710 iS,69S 2,168 1,878 g,046 S,8U 2,189 1,678 6,956 S,S9e l,m4 6,128 S,S4S 88,23S 2,211 5,201 2,967 1,907 684 5,406 72,826 4,718 8,614 6,161 4.m 4,872 e,4S7 6,0BS 6,074 8,816 6,066 2,793 6,194 6,605 23,865 616 933 1,024 3,579 2,088 708 977 »S 1,450 1,467 1,280 2,553 1,114 1,430 699 2,626 996 1,419 1,826 4S9 1,105 963 1900 61,089 2,034 533 S,92S 1,109 2,140 3,104 2,039 719 1,032 1,350 177 1,837 914 5,101 3,196 4,695 1,322 5,926 3,S90 2,999 2,026 1,227 607 3,999 1,601 796 13,634 12,409 4,989 1,500 1,007 6,157 S,146 2,428 3,010 1,327 694 7,711 31,682 26,864 768 1,153 1,225 3,973 2,S27 793 1,096 S90 1,998 1,448 1,409 2,738 1,1S6 1,719 651 2,700 1,006 1,404 2,058 667 1,217 1,155 1890 57,663 2,069 608 3,627 1,176 2,228 2,124 1,222 862 1,203 1,635 177 2,169 1,103 3,732 1,890 2,679 1,285 5,820 S,019 2,698 1,606 1,410 874 3,855 1,387 822 13, 171 11,975 3,868 789 747 5,286 1,116 29,797 2,557 2,468 1,040 732 3,098 19,902 29,164: 1 Incorporated In 1904. « Parts of Niskayuna and Rotterdam towns annexed to Schenectady city in ' Incorporated in 1903 . 951 1,367 1,349 3,443 1,8SS 929 1,232 27i 2,316 1,718 1,469 3,007 1,139 1,917 663 2,944 1,028 1,626 2,202 622 1,399 1,295 1902. MINOB Crvn. DIVISION. Schuyler County. Catharine town, including Odessa viUage Odessa village'. Cay u ta town Dix town, including part of Watkina village Watkins village (part of) , Total for Watkins viUage in Dix and Beading towns Hector town, including Burdett village Bnrdett village Montour town, including Montour Falls village. Montour Falls viUage Orange town Reading town, including part of Watkins village. Watkins ViUage (part of) Tyrone town Seneca County. Covert town, including Interlaken village Interlaken village * Fayette town, including ward 1 of Waterloo village Waterloo village (part of) Total for Waterloo village in Fayette and Waterloo towns Wardl Wards Wards Junius town Lodi town Ovid town, including Ovid village Ovid village Romulus town Seneca Falls town, including Seneca Falls vil- lage Seneca Falls village. Wardl Wards Wards Ward 4 Tyre town Varicktown Waterloo town, including wards 2 and 3 oT Waterloo village Waterloo village(part of) Steuben County.. Addison town^ including Addison village Addison milage Avoca town, including Avooa village A voca village Bath town, including Bath and Savona villages. Bath village Savona village Bradford town Cameron town Campbell town Canisteo town, including Canisteo village . Canisteo village Caton town Cohocton town, including Cohocton village. . . Cohocton village Coming city Wardl Wards Wards Ward 4 Ward 5 Warde Ward7 Coming town Dansville town Erwin town, including Fainted Post village. Painted Post village Fremont town Greenwood town HartsvlUe town Hombv town Homell city s Wardl Wards Wards Ward 4 Ward 5 Ward 6 Homellsville town Howard town Jasper town Lindley town Prattsburg town, including Prattsburg vlllagel. Prattsiurg viUage Pnlteney town Rathbone town Thurston town Troupsburg town Tuscarora town Urbana town, including Hammondsport village. Eammondsport viUage Wayland town, including Wayiand village.. Wayland village 1910 14,004 1900 1,222 SSO 345 3,625 2,4es 2,817 3,514 S8S 1,608 1,S08 1,087 1,318 359 1,285 26,972 1,947 69S 2,593 66S 3,931 563 1,898 1,470 957 1,408 3,355 543 2,803 7,407 6,688 1,624 1,970 1,416 1,578 900 1,173 4,429 S,S68 83,362 2,609 S,004 2,140 1,067 8,554 S,884 587 613 1,066 1,204 3,441 S,S59 1,078 2,926 8S8 13,730 s,m 1,409 2,068 2,S62 1,461 1,808 2,697 2,391 1,303 2,211 1,SS4 860 1,111 651 870 13,617 S,9S4 2,078 1,886 2,075 2,S47 2,397 2,047 1,461 1,264 1,163 1,834 684 1,316 917 840 1,712 1,006 2,659 1,254 2,836 1,S9S 15,811 469 3,894 2,94s 4,137 m i,m 1,193 1,391 1,335 SOS 1,586 28,114 1,897 2,711 856 4, tee "T""" 1,053 1,636 3,734 624 2,895 7,305 6,619 964 1,270 4,669 S,601 2,637 2,080 2,126 1,006 8,437 4,994 611 771 1,353 1,467 3,432 2,077 1,345 3,197 879 11,061 1,937 1,417 1,851 776 1,033 1,129 787 959 11,918 1,833 1.704 1,430 1,306 2,197 713 1,590 1,059 1,017 2,015 1,301 2,692 1,169 2,984 1,S07 1890 16,711 1,398 660 3,700 S,S21 2,eOi 4,443 1,987 1,751 1,557 1,386 283 1,680 28,227 1,9 2,912 eu 4,360 1,134 1,694 3,651 641 2,852 6,961 6,116 991 1,388 4,681 S,708 81,473 2,908 S,166 2,242 95S 7,881 3, set 569 765 1,564 1,533 3,629 2,071 1,445 3,444 8,560 1,638 1,569 1,884 ess 1,047 1,312 767 1,011 10,996 1,939 1,938 1,690 1,637 2,170 607 1,769 1,269 1,113 2,174 1,438 2,590 9S4 2,334 679 4 Name changed from Farmer In 1905. Incorporated In 1904. 5 Name changed from Homellsville In 1906. STATISTICS OF POPULATION. 587 Table 1.— POPULATION OF MINOR CIVIL DIVISIONS: 1910, 1900, AND 1890— Continued. (For changes in boundaries, etc., between 1900 and 1910, see footnotes; for those between 1890 and 1900, see Reports of the Twelfth Census: 1900, Vol. I, Table S.J MINOB avn, DIVISION. Steuben County— Continued. Wayne town West Union town Wheeler town WoodhuU town. Including Woodhull village. . . Woodhull village Suffolk County.. Babylon town, including Amityville and Baby- lon villages Amityville village Babylon village Brookhaven town, including Beliport and Patchogue villages Beliport village i Patchogue village Easthampton town, including part of Sag Har- bor village Sag Harbor village (part of) Total for Sag Harbor village in Easthampton and Southampton towns Huntington town, including Northport village. . Northport village. Islip town Rl verhead town Shelter Island town Smlthtown tovra Southampton town, including Southampton village and part of Sag Harbor village Sag Harbor village (part of) Southampton village Southold town, including Greenport village — Oreenport village 1910 1900 Sullivan County. Bethel town Callicoon town Cochecton town Delaware town Fallsburgh town Forestburg town Fremont town Highland town Liberty town, including Liberty village lAberty village Lumberland town Mamakating town, including Wurtsboro village WurtsboTO village Neversink town Rockland town Thompson town. Including Monticello village.. Monticello village Tusten town Tioga County. Barton town. Including Waveriy village Waverly village Berkshire town Candor town, including Candor village Candor village ■^ ■■■■■■■;j; ,••,>■„•"" Newark Valley town, mcludmg Newark Valley village Newark Valley village Nichols town, including Nichols village Nichols village^ -• Oweeo town, including Owego village Owego village Riohford town - • - • Spencer town, inoludmg Spencer village Spencer milage Tioga town Tompkins County. Caroline town Danby town --•--, -,■ ^ — ;,", ■ Dryden town, including Dryden and Freeville villages Dryden viUage Freeville village Enfield town - • - - • — .- - Groton town, including Groton village Oroton village Ithaca city Ward!....- WardB Wards Wardi Wards Ithaca town Lansing town ,- ■ -^ -.-j - •■•,; Newfield town, including Newfleld village New field vi llage ■ ■ Ulysses town, including Trumansburg village. . Trumansburg village 1 Incorporated In 1908. « Incorporated in 1900. » Incorporated in 1903. * Incorporated in 1901. » Incorporated in 1906. 643 989 959 1,465 SIS 96,138 9,030 2,eoo 16,737 il9 s,stn 4,722 1,168 s,m 12,004 1.098 18,346 6,345 1,064 7,073 11,240 !l,240 2,509 10,577 3,089 33,808 2,164 2,059 1,142 1,842 3,782 545 1,931 1,031 6,402 2,072 716 2,922 P8 1,743 3,465 4,196 l,9il 878 25,621 6,431 4,855 846 2,911 7S7 2,102 925 1,466 533 7,474 4,633 925 1,529 569 1,940 33,617 1,646 1,235 3,590 709 SIS 1,000 3,289 1,260 14,802 2,475 2,735 3,367 3,653 1,238 2,676 1,609 354 2,612 1,188 1,025 1,188 1,787 S4S 77,682 7,112 2,038 2,157 14, 592 '•"2',9m 3,746 1,022 1,969 9,483 1,794 12,645 4,603 1,066 6,863 10,371 947 2,289 8,301 2,366 32,306 2,248 2,064 1,117 1,641 2,974 625 2,184 964 4,568 1,780 809 3,128 4S0 2,039 3,426 3,739 1,160 27,961 6,381 4,4B5 1,011 3,330 2,164 818 1,664 8,378 6,039 1,142 1,868 707 2,113 33,830 1,938 1,449 3,785 699 440 1,214 3,564 1,344 13,130 1890 1,167 1,286 2,006 62,491 2,293 12,772 2,431 114 8,277 8,783 4,010 921 3,357 8,200 7,705 31,031 2,168 2,083 1,174 1,734 3,041 714 2,168 979 3,367 734 876 3,401 430 2,013 2,868 3,462 1,016 1,004 29,936 6,120 4,123 1,160 3,674 2,339 875 1,701 9,008 1,267 2,211 810 2,455 32,923 1,616 2,550 1,902 378 2,776 1,225 2,092 1,707 4,043 663 312 1,393 3,672 1,280 11,079 1,364 2,506 2,214 2,954 1,211 MINOB CIVIL DIVISION. Ulster County. Denning town Esopus town, including Rilton viUage Bifton village * Gardiner town Hardenbergh town Hurley town Kingston city Ward I Ward 2 Wards Ward 4 Wards Warde Ward7 Ward 8 Ward 9 Ward 10 Ward 11 Ward 12 Ward 13 Kingston town Lloyd town Marbletown town Marlborough town, including Marlborough vii- Marlborough village 6 New Paltz town, including New Paitz village. . New Paltz village Olive town Plattekill town Rochester town Rosendale town, including Rosendale village. . Rosendale village Saugerties town, including Saugerties village. . Saugerlies village Shandaken town, including Pine Hill village. . Pine Hill village Shawangunk town Ulster town Warwarsing town, including Ellenville village. Ellenville village Woodstock town Warren County. Bolton town Caldwell town, including Lake George village. Lake George village 3 Chester town Glens Falls city " Wardl Ward 2 Wards Warn Wards Hague town Horicon town Johnsburg town : Luzerne town Queensbury town « Stony Creek town Thurman town Warrensburg town Washington County. Argyle town^ including Argyle village Argvle village Cambridge town, including part of Cambridge village Cambridge village (part of) Total for Cambridge village in Cambridge and White Creek towns Dresden town Easton town , including part of Greenwich village Greenwich village^ (part of). ~ vich vill Total for Greenwich village^ in Easton and Greenwich towns Fort Ann town. Including Fort Ann village Fort Ann village Fort Edward town, including Fort Edward vil- lage Fort Edward village Granville town, including Granville village Granville village Greenwich town, including part of Greenwich village Greenwich village (part of) Hampton town Hartford town Hebron tovm Jackson town Kingsbury town. Including Hudson Falls vil- lage Hudson Falls village ' Putnam town Salem town, including Salem village *, . . Salem village 1910 91,769 615 4,732 745 2,779 698 1,734 25,908 1,936 2,605 2,723 2,691 2,035 2,462 2,168 1,369 1,334 2,243 1,486 2,136 832 343 2,803 4,713 3,841 920 3,025 1,230 4,497 1,879 2,760 3,717 1,126 9,632 3,929 2,657 417 2,548 3,554 7,787 3,114 1,647 32,223 1, 1; 1, 15, S, 3, 4, 1, 2, 1 i, % 1 2, 618 482 632 721 243 177 443 061 836 726 043 001 315 186 667 858 805 !,386 47,778 1,808 231 472 1,628 682 ' 2,133 S61 2,314 2,236 5,740 3,762 6,434 S,920 I 4,227 i 1,953 645 1,216 1,505 985 7,080 i 5,189 604 I 2,780 1,'S60 1 1900 88,422 "783 4,907 1,609 722 1,903 24,535 524 2,608 3,511 3,978 2,264 1,022 2,465 1,866 2,874 6,278 1,840 9,764 3,697 3,063 425 2,406 3,682 7,225 2,879 1,675 29,913 1,363 1,465 2,062 12,613 1,042 1,136 2,374 1,341 '2,377 1,019 809 2,352 1,878 1,S78 645 2,247 1,869 2,263 431 5,216 3,621 5,217 S,700 4,172 1,869 689 1,290 1,679 1,069 6,100 4,473 605 2,978 1,391 1890 87,062 897 4,659 1,703 784 2,135 21,261 651 2,516 3,639 3,598 2,242 936 2,649 2,038 3,667 6,063 1,706 10,436 4,237 3,170 2,466 3,222 7,758 2,881 1,628 27,866 1,387 1,377 2,173 9,509 1,582 2,894 1,679 I 2,340 1,342 1,106 1,795 45,690 2,313 168 2,162 US 1,598 636 2,500 1,663 2,696 4,424 '4,'7i6 4,196 1,66! 791 1,470 2,044 1,278 4,677 2,896 568 3,127 « Glens Falls village, returned with Queensbury tovm in 1900, incorporated as a city in 1908. ' Exclusive of population of Glens Falls village. 8 Returned in 1900 as in Greenwich town only. ' Name changed from Sandy Hill in 1910. 588 SUPPLEMENT FOR NEW YORK. Table 1,— POPULATION OF MINOR CIVIL DIVISIONS: 1910, 1900, AND 1890— Continued. [For changes in boundaries, etc., between 1900 and 1910, see footnotes; for those between 1890 and 1900, see Reports of the Twelfth Census: 1900, Vol. I, Table 5.] MiNOB crvn. DrvisioN. Washington County— Continued. White Creek town, including part of Cambridge Tillage Cambridge village (part of) Whitehall town, including Whitehall village. . . . Whitehail village Wayne County Arcadia town, Including Newark village Newark village %. Butler town, including part of Wolcott village. . Wolcott village (part of) Total for Wolcott village in Butler and Wol- cott towns Galen town, including Clyde village Clyde village Huron town Lyons town, including Lyons village Lyons village Macedon town, including Macedon village Macedon village Marion town Ontario town Palmyra town, including Palmyra village Palmyra village Kose town Savannah town, including Savannah village Savannah village Sodustown Walworth town Williamson town Wolcott town, including Bed Creek village and part of Wolcott village Red Creek village Wolcott village (part of) Westchester County Bedford town, Including part of Mount Kisco village Mount Kisco village (part of) Total for Mount Kisco village in Bedford and Newcastle tcfwns Cortlandt town, including Croton-on-Hudson and Peeksldll villages Croton-on^Hudson village Peekskill village Eastchester town, including Bronxville and Tuckahoe villages Bronxville village Tuckahoe village ' Greenburg town, including Ardsley, Dobbs Ferry, Hastings-upon-Hudson, Irvington and Tarry town villages, and parts of wards 1 and 2 of white Plains village A rdsleg village Dobbs Ferry village Hastings-wponrlmdson village Irvington milage Tarrytown village White Plains village (part of) Total for White Plains village in Qreeribnrg and White Plains towns Ward! Ward 2 Wards WardJf Wards Harrison town Lewisboro town Mamaroneck town, including Larchmont vil- lage and part of Mamaroneck village Larchmont village Mamaroneck village (part of) Total for Mamaroneck village in Mamaroneck and Bye towns Mount Pleasant town, including North Tarry- town, Pleasantville, and Sherman Park vd- lages, and part of Briar ClifE Manor village — Briar Cliff Manor village (part of) Totalfor Briar Cliff Manor village^ inMount Pleasant and Ossining towns North Tarrytown village Pleasantville village Sherman Park village* Mount Vernon city Wardl Wards Wards Ward4 Wards Newcastle town, including part of Mount Kisco village Mount Kisco village (part of) New Rochelle city Wardl WariB Wards Ward4 1910 2,342 1,0S6 6,869 i,9n 50,179 8,672 e,m 1,010 160 i,sie 4,030 g,69S 1,531 5,913 i,m 2,355 SS6 2,102 2,672 4,169 1,883 1,586 S21 4,857 2,187 3,060 2,952 iS7 1,058 283,055 5,629 i.see 22,255 1,806 15, US 6,422 1,863 2,722 23,193 SS7 S,iSS 4,SS2 2,S19 5,600 $,04£ 15,949 3,S47 3,4S6 3,538 2,190 3,418 4,226 1,127 5,602 1,9S8 3,414 5,699 11,863 23 950 5,421 2,207 m 30,919 5,779 6,511 4,327 8,746 5,556 3,673 1,536 28,867 e,ee3 8,740 5,569 S,8SS 1900 2,496 1,092 5,295 4,377 18,660 7,046 4,578 1,786 139 1,279 4,606 2,507 1,667 5,824 4,300 2,488 592 2,015 2,660 3,758 1,937 2,065 1,733 67S 5,118 2,137 2,670 3,207 480 1,140 184,367 3,497 725 1,346 18,703 1,533 10,358 3,040 579 15,564 404 2,888 2,002 2,231 4,770 670 7,899 2,048 1,311 3,849 94s (.») m 8,698 4,241 1,204 21,228 2,401 621 14,720 1890 2,690 1,153 6,402 4,434 49,729 6,310 3,698 1,836 902 4,922 2,638 1,793 6,228 4,475 2, mi 533 2,144 2,611 4,188 2,131 2,107 1,788 506 5,157 2,195 2,670 3,216 m 1 146,772 3,291 632 1,095 15,139 9,676 4,612 11,613 2,083 1,466 2,299 3,562 223 4,042 1,485 1,417 2,385 5,844 3,179 10,830 2,110 463 9,067 MmOE CIVIL DIVISION. Westchester County— Continued. North Castle town North Salem town Ossining town, including Ossining Tillage and part of Briar Cliff Manor village Briar Cliff Manor village (part of) Ossining village Pelham town. Including North Pelham, Pel- ham, and Pelham Manor Tillages. North Pelham village Pelham village Pelham Manor village Poundridge town Eye town, including Port Chester and Eye vlllMes and part of Mamaroneck village Mamaroneck village (part of) Port Chester village Rye village ^.'. Scarsdale town Somers town White Plains town. Including wards 3, 4, and 5, and parts of wards 1 and 2 of White Plains village White Plaint village (part of) Yonkers city. Waril Wardi Wards Ward 4 Wards Warde Wardr , Wards ! WardB Ward 10 Yorktowntown Wyoming County Arcade town, including Arcade village A rcade village Attica town, including Attica village Attica village Bennington town. , Castile town, including Castile village and psfft of Perry village Castile village Perry village (part of) Total for Perry village in CasUle and Perry towns Covington town Eagle town Gainesville town. Including Gainesville and Sliver Springs villages Oainesville village ' Silver Springs viVage Genesee Falls town Java town 1 MIddlebury town....' Orangeville town Perry town. Including part of Perry village Perry village (part of) Pike town, including Plko Tillage Pike village Sheldon town Warsaw town, Including Warsaw village Warsaw village Wethersfield town Tates County Barrington town Benton town. Including parts of wards 1 and 2 of Penn Yan Tillage Penn Yan village (part of ) Total for Penn Yan viuage in Benton and Milo towns Wardl Ward 2 Wards Ward4 Wards Warde Italy town Jerusalem town Middlesex town Milo town. Including wards 3 to 6, and parte of wards! and 2 of Penn Yan Tillage Penn Yan village (part of) Potter town, Including part of Eushvllle Tillage. Bushville village (part of) [For total, see Gorham town, Ontario Coimty.) Starkey town , Including Dundee village Dundee village Torrey town, including Dresden village Dresden village 1910 1,622 1,258 12,828 927 11,480 2,998 1,311 681 852 T2S 19,652 2,285 12,809 3,964 1,300 1,228 31,880 2,131 1,294 2,749 1,869 1,742 2,406 1,040 4,388 923 1,141 2,690 S27 974 616 1,633 1,395 952 6,360 4,124 1,194 422 1,713 4,308 3,208 928 18,643 1,044 2,032 211 4,697 S35 see 541 861 2,444 1,122 6,088 4,sse 1,495 2,E38 1,228 1,018 S4B 1900 1,471 1,133 10,895 7,939 1,671 884 SOS 12,861 1,818 7,440 886 1,338 7,869 7,229 47,931 2,421 30,413 1,877 887 2, en 1,785 1,904 2,539 1,088 251 2,763 930 1,114 2,326 867 658 1,770 1,406 1,005 3,862 2,512 1,277 458 1,801 4,341 S,048 927 20,318 1,249 2,179 209 4,660 1,094 2,778 1,282 6,318 tse 2,836 i,m 1,066 1890 1,475 1,730 10,058 9,S5i 3,941 830 9,477 6,274 '"633 4,608 3,819 32,033 2,378 31,193 1,840 3,002 1,994 2,029 2,451 1,148 1,528 1,151 1,131 2,166 740 1,824 1,781 1,148 2,928 1,528 1,443 483 2,059 4,468 3,120 1,032 21,001 2,291 222 4,264 1,206 2,967 1,387 6,028 4,03t 1,680 Sti 2,862 1,100 1,197 S4S ' County total includes population (10,029) of Westchester town, added to New York County between 1890 and 1900, ' Incorporated in 1902. ' That part of Mamaroneck village In Mamaroneck town not returned separately In 1900. * Incorporated In 1 906. ' Incorporated In 1904. STATISTICS OF POPULATION. Table 2.— POPULATION OF INCORPORATED PLACES: 1910, 1900, AND 1890. 589 CITY OE YILLAOE. Adams village Addison village Alton village Akin village Akron village Albany city Albion village Alden village Alexander village Alexandria Bay village.. Alfred village Allegany village Altamont village Altmar village Amity ville village Amsterdam city Andes village Andover village Angelica village Angola village Antwerp village Arcade village Ardsley village Argyle village Athens village Attica village Aubmn city Aurora village Avoca village Avon village Babylon village Bainbridge village Baldwinsvilla village Ballston Spa village Barker village Batavia village Bath village Belleville village Bellport village Belmont village Bergen village Bingharaton city Black River village Blasdell village Bloomingdale village Bolivar village Boon ville village Brewster village Briar Clifl Manor village Bridge water village Brockport village Brocton village Bronxville village .". Brookfield village Brownville village , Buffalo city Burdett village Caledonia village Cambridge village Camden village CamiUus village Canajoharie village Canandaigua village Canaseraga village Canastota village Candor village Canisteo village Canton village Cape Vincent village Carthage village Castile village Castleton village Cato village Catstlll village Cattaraugus village Cayuga village Cazenovia village Celeron village Central Square village . . Champlain village Charlotte vlllaee Chateaugay village Chatham village Chaumont village Cherry Creek village County. Jefferson Steuben Chenango Montgomery. Erie Albany Orleans Erie Genesee Jefferson Allegany Cattaraugus. . Albany Oswego Suffolk Montgomery. Delaware Allegany Allegany Erie Jefferson Wyoming Westchester.. Washington.. Greene Wyoming Cayuga Cayuga Steuben Livingston... Suffolk Chenango Onondaga Saratoga Niagara Genesee Steuben Jefferson Suffolk Allegany Genesee Broome Jefferson Erie Essex Allegany Oneida Putnam Westchester.. Oneida Monroe Chautauqua.. Westchester.. Madison Jefferson Erie Schuyler Livingston... Washington . Oneida Onondaga Montgomery . Ontario Allegany Madison Tioga Steuben St. Lawrence. Jefferson Jefferson Wyoming Rensselaer... Cayuga Greene Cattaraugus. . Cayuga Madison Chautauqua.. Oswego Clinton Monroe Franklin Columbia.... Jefferson Chautauqua.. 1910 1,458 2,004 729 600 1,677 100,263 5,016 759 1,286 674 363 2,517 31,267 414 1,136 1,056 974 1,294 637 231 1,956 1,869 34,668 493 1,067 2,063 2,600 1,159 3,099 4,138 441 11,613 3,884 344 419 1,094 637 48,443 916 1,318 1,794 1,296 950 246 3,679 1,181 1,863 395 854 423,716 382 1,290 1,628 2,170 763 2,273 7,217 764 3,247 737 2,269 2,701 1,155 3,663 1,040 1,396 374 6,296 1,165 348 1,861 619 429 1,280 1,938 1,045 2,251 708 606 1900 1,292 2,080 722 1,585 94,151 4,477 607 230 1,511 756 416 2,038 20,929 365 964 978 712 887 404 264 2,171 1,785 30,345 499 1,006 1,601 2,167 1,092 2,992 3,923 . 1,049 3,040 3,627 9,180 4,994 384 7,221 3,261 452 1,190 624 39,647 949 415 950 623 35,005 1,208 1,745 1,192 1,613 269 3,398 900 579 485 767 352,387 409 1.073 3,742 812 561 666 266,664 1,578 2,370 567 2,101 6,151 685 3,030 2,077 2,757 1,310 2,895 1,088 1,214 360 6,484 1,382 390 1,819 506 364 1,311 1,400 973 2,018 738 701 1890 1,360 2,166 683 1,492 94,923 4,586 633 1,123 786 661 2,!93 17,336 416 963 650 158 2,024 1,994 25,858 656 953 1,653 1,698 1,902 487 2,089 5,868 659 2,774 2,071 2,680 1,324 2,278 1,146 1,127 4,920 878 611 1,987 1,275 930 1,172 1,912 623 676 aTT OE VILLAGE. Cherry Valley village. Chester village Chittenango village. . . Church vUIe village. . . Clayton village Clay ville village Cleveland village Clifton Springs village. Clinton village Clyde village . . , Cobleskill village Cohocton village Cohoes city Cold Broo]k village. . Cold Springs village. Constable ville village. Cooperstown village. . Copenhagen village . . . Corfu village Corinth village Coming city Cornwall village.. Cortland city Coxsackle village. Croghan village. . . Croton-on-Hudson village. Cuba village Dannemora village Dans ville village De Ruyter village Delhi village Depew vilfige Deposit village. Dexter village Dobbs Ferry village. Dolgcville village. Dresden village... Dry den village... Dundee village. . . Dunkirk city Earlville village East Aurora village East Randolph village. . East Rochester village. . East Rockaway village. East Syracuse village. Eastwood village Edwards village Elba village Eibridge village Elizabethtown village. EUenville village Ellleottville village BUisburg village Elmira city Ehnira Heights village.. Endloott village Esperance village Fabius village Fairhaven village Fairport village Falconer village 'Farmingdale village. Famham village Fayetteville village. . Fishkill village Fishkill Lauding village. Floral Park village Fonda village Forestport village , Forest villevillage Fort Ann village Fort Covington village. Fort Edward village. . . Fort Plain village Frankfort village Franklin village Franklin ville village. Fredonia village. Freeport village. Freeville village. Delaware Erie /Broome. \Delaware Jefferson Westchester.. County. Otsego... Orange... Madison . . ■Monroe.. Jefferson. Oneida.. Oswego . Ontario. Oneida.. Schoharie. Steuben... Albany... Herkimer. Putnam... Lewis Lewis... Genesee. Steuben. . Orange. : . Cortland. Greene. . . I/ewla Westchester.. Allegany Clinton Livingston... Madison /Fulton iHerkhner Yates Tompkins Yates Chautauqua.. /Chenango \Madison Erie Cattaraugus., Monroe Nassau Onondaga Onondaga St. Lawrence.. Genesee.,: Onondaga Essex Ulster Cattaraugus. , Jefferson Chemung Chemung... Broome Schoharie. . Onondaga.. Cayuga Monroe Chautauqua. . Nassau Erie Onondaga... Dutchess..,.. Dutchess..'.. Nassau Montgomery. Oneida Chautauqua. . Washington.. Franklin Washington.. Montgomery. Herkimer Delaware Cattaraugus. . Chautauqua.. Nassau Tompkins... 1910 Friendship village I Alle^my 792 1,210 678 666 1,941 687 1,600 1,236 2,696 2,088 838 24,709 358 2,649 407 2,484 686 413 2,166 13,730 2,668 11,504 2,494 621 1,806 1,666 1,146 3,938 638 1,736 3,921 1,864 1,005 3,465 2,686 346 709 1,228 17,221 874 2,781 693 2,398 1,200 3,274 810 476 361 462 506 3,114 986 702 37,176 2,732 2,408 263 344 671 3,112 2,141 1,567 540 1,481 516 3,902 1,225 1,100 607 721 436 877 3,762 2,762 3,303 473 1,568 6,285 4,836 318 1,218 1900 772 1,250 787 505 1,913 568 689 1,617 1,340 2,607 2,327 879 23,910 2,067 460 2,368 587 401 11,061 1,966 9,014 2,735 1,633 1,602 3,633 623 2,078 3,379 2,061 945 1,915 306 699 1,291 11,616 711 2,366 644 739 2,509 341 373 395 549 491 2,879 886 292 36,672 1,763 290 387 610 623 431 822 3,621 2,444 2,664 473 1,360 4,127 2,612 440 1,214 1890 686 792 493 1,748 843 839 1,297 1,269 2,638 1,822 'ii'hm 2,657 777 398 1,222 8,660 760 8,590 1,611 3,758 667 1,564 1,630 737 348 663 1,200 9,416 536 1,582 2,231 428 573 2,881 862 336 30,893 274 312 738 2,489 1,136 2,662 574 262 1,304 689 3,673 1,410 745 3,617 1,145 1,190 788 "870 2,864 2,291 ,581 1,021 3,399 "'3i2 590 SUPPLEMENT FOR NEW YORK. Table 2 — POPULATION OF INCORPORATED PLACES: 1910, 1900, AND 1890— Continued. CITY OK TILLAGE. Fulton city , Fultonville village. . Gainesville village. , Galway village Geneseo village Geneva city Gilbertsville village. Glen Park village. . . Glens Falls city Gloversville city Goshen village Gouvemeur village Gowanda village Grand-Vlew-on-Hudson village. . Granville village Green Island village. Greene village Greenport village Greenwioli village . . . Groton village . . .• Hagaman village Hamburg village Hamilton village Hammond village Hancock village Hannibal village Harrlsville village Hastings-upon-Hudson village. . Haverstraw village Hempstead village Henderson village Herkimer village Hermon village Highland Falls village. Hillbum village Hilton village Hobart village Holland Patent village. Holley village Homer village Honeoye Falla village. Hooslct Fails village. . Homell city Horseheads village Hudson citv Hudson Falls village. Hunter village Ilion village Interlaken village . Irvington village . . Ithaca city Jamestown city . . . Johnstown city Jordan village Keeseville village. . . Kenmore village Kinderhook village . Kingston city La Salle village Lackawaima city Lacona village Lake George village . Lake Placid village. Lakewood village. . . Lancaster village . . . Larchmont village. . Laurens village Lawrence village . . Leroy village Lestershire village . Lewiston village. . . Liberty village .Lima viUage Limestone village. . . Lisle village Little Falls city Little Valley village. Liverpool village Livonia Station village. Lockport city Lowville village Lyildonvllle village County. Oswego Montgomery. Wyoming Saratoga Livingston... Ontario.. Otsego... Jefferson. Warren.. Fulton. . . Orange St. Lawrence. /Cattaraugus. . . \Eri6 Bockland Washington... Albany Chenango Suffolk Washington. Tompkins... Hammondsport viUage Steuben Montgomery. . Erie Madison St. Lawrence Delaware Oswego Lewis Westchester. Bockland Nassau Jefferson Herkimer St. Lawrence. Orange Rockland Monroe Delaware Oneida Orleans Cortland... Monroe Rensselaer. Steuben Chemung Columbia Washington,. Greene Herkimer Seneca Westchester.. Tompkins . . . Chautauqua. . Fulton (Clinton . lEssex Erie Columbia. Ulster... Niagara. Erie Oswego. Warren. Essex Chautauqua.. Erie Westchester.. Nassau... Genesee.. Broome.. Niagara.. Sullivan. Livingston... Cattaraugus. Broome Herkimer Cattaraugus.. Onondaga.. Livingston. Niagara Lewis Orleans 1910 10,480 812 327 112 2,067 12,446 455 522 15,243 20,642 3,081 4,128 2,012 368 3,920 4,737 1,275 3,089 2,314 1,260 876 2,134 1,689 404 1,254 1,329 330 921 4,552 5,669 4,964 340 7,620 687 2,470 1,090 627 644 337 1,679 2,695 1,169 5,532 13, 617 1,778 11,417 5,189 408 6,588 693 2,319 14,802 31, 297 10,447 978 1,835 1,020 25,908 1,299 14,549 443 632 1,682 664 4,364 1,968 242 1,189 3,771 3,775 713 2,072 866 684 329 12,273 1,368 1,388 823 17, 970 2,940 647 1900 18,206 977 177 2,400 10,433 476 494 12,613 18,349 2,826 3,689 2,143 2,700 4,770 1,236 2,366 1,869 1,344 646 1,683 1,627 1,169 1,283 410 639 2,002 5,935 3,582 374 5,565 603 824 486 560 352 1,380 2,381 1,175 5,671 11,918 1,901 9,528 4,473 431 6,138 2,231 13, 136 22,892 10, 130 1,118 392 10,381 1,086 1, 133 865 16,581 2,352 1890 16,035 1,122 177 2,286 9,509 13,864 2,907 3,458 4,463 1,067 1,663 1,280 696 1,331 1,744 934 1,279 452 617 1,466 5,070 4,831 358 473 487 561 406 1,381 1,128 7,014 10,996 1,716 9,970 2,895 4,057 2,299 11,079 16,038 7,768 1,271 2,110 318 2,103 913 24,635 661 963 21,261 388 333 574 3,750 945 1,692 233 558 3,144 3,111 697 1,760 949 732 265 626 2,743 633 734 1,003 421 8,783 1,284 738 16,038 2,511 CITY OK VILLAGE. Lyons village Lyons Falls village. . McGrawviUe viUage. Macedon village Madison village Malone village Mamaroneck village . Manchester village . . , Manhus village MannsviUe vulage . . . Marathon village Marcellus village Margaretville village. Marlborough village. . Massena village Matteawan village Mayfield village May ville village Mechanicville village. . Medina village Meridian village Mexico village Middleburg village.. Middieport village . . Middletown city Middleville village. Milford village MiUbrook village... Millerton village . . . Mineola village Mohawk village Monroe village Montgomery village.. - Monticello village Montour Falls village. Mooers village Moravia village Morris village Morristown village.. Morrisville village... Moscow village Mount Kisco village. . Mount Morris village. . Mount Vernon city. . . Naples village Nassau village Nelliston village Nelson ville village.. New Berlin village. New Hartford village. New London village. . New Paltz village New Rochelle city New York City Manhattan Borough . Bronx Borough Brooklyn Borough Queens Borough Richmond Borough . . Newark village Newark Valley village. Newburgh city Newfield village Newport village Niagara Falls city Nichols village North Pelham village North Tarrytown village. North Tonawanda city . . . Northport vlUage. . North vlUe village.. Norwich village. . . Norwood village... Nunda village Nyack village Oakileld village... Odessa village Ogdensburg city. . Old Forge village. Oleancity Oneida city Oneida Castle village. Oneontacity Oramel village County. Wayne... Lewis Cortland. Wayne... Madison. 1910 Franklin Westchester.. Ontario Onondaga Jefferson Cortland Onondaga Delaware Ulster St. Lawrence. . Dutchess Fulton Chautauqua.. Saratoga Orleans Cayuga.. Schoharie. Niagara... Orange Herkimer. Otsego Dutchess.. Dutchess.. Nassau Herkimer. Orange Orange Sullivan... Schuyler.. Clinton.. Cayuga.. St. Lawrence.. Madison Livingston... Westchester.. Livingston... Westchester.. Ontario Rensselaer... Montgomery. Putnam Chenango Oneida Oneida Ulster Westchester.. New York . Kings Queens Richmond . . Wayne Tioga Orange Tompkins.. Herkimer.. Niagara Tioga Westchester.. Westchester.. Niagara Suffolk Fulton Chenango St. Lawrence.. Livingston Rockland Genesee Schuyler St. Lawrence. Herkimer Cattaraugus.. Madison Oneida Otsego Allegany 4,460 759 931 636 309 6,467 6,699 881 1,314 330 1,079 917 669 920 2,951 6,727 690 1,122 6,634 5,683 326 1,233 1,114 1,630 15,313 625 511 1,136 858 1,981 2,079 1,195 941 1,941 1,208 560 1,324 535 540 500 304 2,802 2,782 30, 919 1,093 529 737 765 1,114 1,195 108 1,230 28,867 4,766,883 B,SSl,6iS iS0,980 l,6Si,SSl S8i,041 85,969 6,227 925 27,805 354 583 30,446 533 1,311 5,421 11,956 2,096 1,130 7,422 1,993 1,043 4,619 1,236 330 15,933 465 14,743 8,317 393 9,491 131 1900 4,300 470 780 592 321 5,935 711 1,219 352 689 640 2,032 5,807 589 943 4,695 4,716 335 1,249 1,136 1,431 14,522 667 532 1,027 ■ 802 2,028 796 973 1,160 1,193 527 1,442 653 466 624 1,346 2,410 21,228 1,048 418 634 624 1,156 1,007 177 1,022 14,720 3,437,202 ' 850,093 $00,507 1.166,582 161,999 67, on 4,578 818 24,943 378 610 19,457 684 4,241 9,069 1,794 1,046 5,766 1,714 1,018 4,275 714 1890 4,475 '"733 633 390 942 1,198 563 616 1,049 4,278 'i,'i64 2,679 4,492 1,315 1,139 1,217 11,977 1,806 630 1,024 1,016 1,751 1,486 601 472 726 1,095 2,286 10,830 1,266 356 721 ""979 912 "'"'935 9,057 22,607,414 l,Ul,2ie 88,908 838,547 87,050 51,693 876 23,087 "'"659 3,179 4,793 792 5,212 1,463 1,010 4,111 678 12,033 9,462 7,638 291 7,147 11,662 7,358 6,083 317 6,272 ' Includes population of Oswego Falls village: 1900, 2 925; 1890, 1,821. 2 Estimated population in 1890 of the area of present New York City. The population of New York City as it existed in 1890 was 1,516,301. STATISTICS OF POPULATION. Table 2.— POPULATION OF INCORPORATED PLACES: 1910, 1900, AND 1890— Continued. 591 CITY OB VILIAOE. Oristany Falls village. Ossining village Oswego city Otego village Ovid village Owego village Oxford village Painted Post village Palatine Bridge village. Palmyra village Panama village Parisli village Patohogue village- . Pawling village Peekskill village. . . PeUiam village Pelham Manor village . Penn Yan village Perry village Phelps village Philadelphia village. Philmont village Phoenix village Piermont village Pike village Pine Hill village PIttsford village Plattsburg city Pleasant Valley village. PleasantviUe village Poland village Port B yron village Port Chester village Port Dickinson village.. Port Henry village Port Jervis city Port Leyden village. Portvllle village Potsdam village Poughkeepsie city. . . Prattsburg village. Prospect village. . . Pulaski village Bandoiph village.. Eed Creek village.. Red Hook village.. Remsen village Rensselaer city Rhinebeck village. Eichburg village... Richfield Springs village. Rlchmondville village Rlchville village Rifton village Rochester city Rookville Center village . Rome city Rosendale village Rouses Point village Rye village Sacketts Harbor village.. Sag Harbor village St. JohnsvUle village Salamanca village Salem village Sandy Creek village Saranao Lake village Saratoga Springs village. Saugerties village Savannah village Savona village Schaghtlooke village. Schenectady city Schenevus village Schoharie village Schuylerville village. Scotia village Sea Clifl village Seneca Falls village. . Sharon Springs village. Sherburne village Sherman village Sherman Park village. . County. Oneida Westchester.. Oswego Seneca. Tioga Chenango Steuben Montgomery. Wayne Chautauqua.. Oswego Suflolk Dutchess Westchester.. Westchester. . Westchester . Yates Wyoming Ontario Nassau.. Oneida.. Ulster... Clinton.. _ , .„ _,„ (Ontario. Eushville village \Yates. . . Jefferson.. Columbia.. Oswego... Rockland. Wyoming. Ulster Monroe Clinton Dutchess Westchester.. Herkimer.... Cayuga Westchester.. Broome Essex Orange Lewis Cattaraugus. . . St. Lawrence.. Dutchess Steuben Oneida Oswego Cattaraugus. . Wayne Dutchess. . . Oneida..;.. Rensselaer. Dutchess... Allegany. . . Otsego Schoharie St. Lawrence.. Ulster Mom'oe Westchester.. Jefferson Suflolk Montgomery. Cattaraugus.. Washington.. Oswego /Essex IFranklhi Saratoga Ulster Wayne Steuben Rensselaer. . . Schenectady. Otsego Schoharie Saratoga Schenectady. Nassau Seneca Schoharie.... Chenango.... Chautauqua.. Westchester.. 1910 1900 11,480 23,368 676 548 4,633 1,6.54 1,224 392 2,268 337 490 3,824 848 15,245 681 852 4,597 4,388 1,354 842 1,813 1,642 1,380 422 417 1,205 11, 138 427 2,207 332 1,085 12,809 437 2,266 9,564 764 758 4,036 27,936 684 278 1,788 1,298 457 960 421 10,711 1,548 451 1,503 599 307 745 218,149 3,667 20,497 1,125 1,638 463 3,964 868 3,408 2,536 5,792 1,250 617 4,983 12,693 3,929 521 687 765 72,826 576 996 1,614 2.957 1,694 6,588 960 836 423 811 7,939 22,199 4,650 2,763 1,306 873 1,964 1,532 1,163 458 425 1,000 8,434 1,204 370 1,013 7,440 379 1,751 746 748 3,843 24.029 713 333 1,493 1,209 480 867 389 7,466 1,494 343 1,537 651 331 1890 162,608 1,884 16,343 1,840 1,675 416 1,266 1,969 1,873 4,261 1,391 692 2,694 12,409 3,697 573 611 1,061 31,682 613 1,006 1,601 1,558 6,519 760 625 9,352 21,842 624 6,039 641 1,931 775 360 1,477 688 1,937 359 548 2,926 2,131 379 541 781 10,358 303 630 9,676 4,254 1,528 1,336 783 1,818 1,466 1,219 483 852 7,010 1,106 5,274 345 2,436 9,327 462 CITY OE VILLAGE. 3,961 22,206 1,517 1,201 492 7,301 1,649 374 1,623 663 336 133,896 14,991 1,706 . 1,856 450 787 1,263 3,692 723 768 11,975 4,237 505 569 1,258 19,902 665 1,028 1,387 6,116 785 Shortsvllle village Sidney village Silver Creek village. . . Silver Springs village. Sinclalrville village . . . Skaneateles village Sloan village ' Smyrna village Solvay village South Glens Falls village. South Nyack village. . Southampton village . Spencer village Spencerport village . . . Spring Valley village. SpringviUe village Stamtord village Stillwater village Suflem village Sylvan Beach village. Syracuse city Tannersviile village.. Tarry town village . . . Theresa village Ticonderoga village. . TivoU village Tonawanda city Trenton village Troy city Trumansburg village. Tuckahoe village Tully village Tupper Lake village. . Turin village Unadilla village Valatie village Valley Falls village . Van Etten village. . . Vernon village Victor village Victory Mills village. . Voorheesville village. Waddlngton village. . Walden village Walton village Wampsville village Wappingers Falls village. Warsaw village Warwick village Washingtonville village. . Waterlord village. . Waterloo village. . . Watertown city — Waterville village . Watervlietoity Watkins village... Waverly village — Wayland village. . . Webster village .. . Weedsport village. Wellsburg village Welisville village West Carthage village West Haverstraw village. West Salamanca village. . West Winfleld village. Westfleld village Westport village White Plains village. . . Whitehall village Whitesboro village Whitney Point village. . Wiiliamsvilie village Wilson village Windsor village. . Wolcott village... Woodhull village. Wurtsboro village Yonkers city Yorkville village YouBgstown v: Dutchess Erie Oneida Rensselaer... Tompkins . . . Westchester.. Onondaga Franklin Lewis Otsego Union village Broome Union Springs village Cayuga Unlonville village Orange Upper Nyack village Rockland . . Utica city Oneida Columbia. . Rensselaer. Chemung.. Oneida Ontario County. Ontario Delaware Chautauqua.. Wyoming Clmutauqua.. Onondaga.. Erie Chenango.. Onondaga., Rockland. Suffolk.... Tioga Monroe Rockland. Erie Delaware. Saratoga.. Rockland. Oneida Onondaga Greene Westchester.. Jefferson Essex Saratoga Albany St. Lawrence.. Orange Delaware Madison... Dutchess.. Wyoming- Orange Orange Saratoga. Seneca... Jefferson. Oneida. . . Albany.. Schuyler. Tioga Steuben.. Momoe.. . Cayuga. . . Chemung Allegany Jefferson Rockland Cattaraugus.. Herkimer Chautauqua. Essex Westchester.. Washington. Oneida Broome Erie Niagara. . Broome.. Wayne... Steuben. Sullivan Westchester.. Oneida Ni^ara 1910 1,112 2,507 2,612 974 542 1,615 1,259 257 5,139 2,247 2,068 2,509 569 1,000 2,353 2,246 973 1,004 2,663 137,249 660 5,600 932 2,475 1,034 8,290 289 76,813 1,188 2,722 551 3,067 349 1,009 1,544 798 351 591 74,419 1,219 835 476 451 881 748 533 731 4,004 3,103 212 3,195 3,206 2,318 631 3,245 3,931 26,730 1,410 15,074 2,817 4,855 1,392 1,032 1,344 432 4,382 1,393 2,369 630 726 2,985 692 15,949 4,917 2,376 744 1,105 656 637 1,216 316 478 79,803 691 566 1900 922 2,331 1,944 667 "■■i,'358 1,678 577 1,495 873 510 1,559 300 3,493 2,025 1,601 2,289 707 715 563 1,606 1,496 810 695 1,992 901 1,007 1,619 1,883 819 747 108,374 593 88,143 4,770 917 1,911 1,153 7,421 298 60,651 1,225 363 1,172 994 454 516 56,383 1,300 474 380 3,604 3,048 1,735 667 3,146 4,266 21,696 1,571 14,321 2,943 4,465 1,307 1,525 536 3,656 1,135 2,079 483 771 2,430 1890 7,899 4,377 1,958 807 905 612 739 1,279 343 450 47,931 647 3,562 1,028 2,267 1,350 7,145 284 60,956 1,211 359 1,157 821 1,066 316 668 44,007 1,437 567 377 778 796 554 822 757 3,147 2,811 900 2,132 2,299 3,718 3,120 1,537 691 4,350 14,725 2,024 12,967 2,604 4,123 679 1,580 3,435 932 180 495 741 1,983 4,042 4,434 1,663 842 683 524 902 490 32,033 490 Chapter 2. COMPOSITION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF THE POPULATION. Introduction. — The first chapter having given the number of inhabitants of New York by counties and minor civil divisions, the decennial increase and the density of population, and the proportions urban and rural, the present chapter deals with the composition and characteristics of the population. The two chap- ters cover all the principal topics of the population census except occupations and ownership of homes. Description of the tables. — ^The greater part of this chapter consists of five general tables, which present statistics of color, nativity, parentage, sex, citizen- ship, ilhteracy, school attendance, and dwellings and famihes, as follows: Table I for the state and counties; Table II for cities of more than 25,000 in- habitants; Table III for places of 10,000 to 25,000; Table IV for places of 2,500 to 10,000 ; and Table V for wards of cities of more than 50,000 inhabitants. A series of summary tables (numbered 1 to 17) re- produces from the general tables the more important state and city totals, and presents also certain addi- tional data relative to state of birth, age, and marital condition. On account of the wide differences in characteristics among the different classes of the population, the statistics on each subject are shown according to race, and for the whites according to nativity and parentage. Classification according to nativity and parentage is scarcely necessary for the other races, since nearly aU negroes and Indians are native bom of native parent- age, and nearly aU Chinese and Japanese either foreign born or of foreign parentage. The white population is divided into four groups: (1) Native, native parentage — that is, having both parents born in the United States; (2) native, foreign parentage — ^having both parents born abroad; (3) native, mixed parentage — having one parent native and the other foreign born; (4) foreign born. As the second and third classes do not differ greatly in char- acteristics, they are combined in some of the tables; in a few cases all three native white classes are combined. Since marked differences often exist between urban and rural communities with respect to the composition and characteristics of the population, the two classes are distinguished in connection with several of the subjects. Urban population, as defined by the Bureau of the Census, includes that of all incorporated places of 2,500 inhabitants or more, the remainder being classified as rural. The census inquiry as to school attendance was merely as to whether the person enumerated had attended any kind of school at any time between Sep- tember 1, 1909, and the date of enumeration, April 15, 1910. The Census Bureau classifies as iUiterate any person 10 years of age or over who is unable to write, regard- less of ability to read. Color and nativity (Table 1). — Of the total popula- tion of New York, 3,230,325, or 35.4 per cent, are native whites of native parentage; 3,007,248, or 33 per cent, are native whites of foreign or mixed parent- age; 2,729,272, or 29.9 per cent, are foreign-bom whites; and 134,191, or 1.5 per cent, are negroes. The corresponding percentages in 1900 were 39.2, 33.2, 26, and 1.4, respectively, the proportion of foreign-born whites having increased during the decade. In 35 of the 61 counties the percentage of foreign-born whites is less than 15; in 18 it is between 15 and 25; in 6 it is between 25 and 35 ; and in 2, New York and Kings, it is 35 or over. Of the 2,762,522 inhabitants of New York County, 45.4 per cent are foreign-born whites and only 15.8 per cent are native whites of native parentage. In 23 counties the percentage of native whites of foreign or mixed parentage exceeds 25, being 42.6 in Queens, 41.5inErie, and40.6inKings. (See maps on page 607.) Of the urban population, 27.2 per cent are native whites of native parentage; of the rural, 66.1 per cent. The corresponding proportions for native whites of foreign or mixed parentage are 36.5 and 19.9 per cent, respectively. The percentage of foreign-born whites is 34.5 in the urban population and 12.8 in the rural. Sex (Tables 2 and 12). — In the total population of the state there are 4,584,597 males and 4,529,017 females, or 101.2 males to 100 females. In 1900 the ratio was 98.9 to 100. Among native whites the ratio is 97.5 to 100, and among foreign-born whites 110.5 to 100. In the urban population there are 99.5 males to 100 females, and in the rural, 108.1. State of birth (Tables 3 and 4). — Of the total native population — that is, population born in the United States — 88.7 per cent were born in New York and 11.3 per cent outside the state; of the native white popula- tion, 10.4 per cent were born outside the state; and of the native negro, 59 per cent. Persons bom outside the state constitute a larger proportion of the native population in urban than in rural communities. Foreign nationalities (Tables 5 and 13). — Of the foreign-bom white population of New York, persons bom in Eussia represent 20.5 per cent; Italy, 17.3; Germany, 16; Ireland, 13.5; Austria, 9; England, 5.4; (593) 694 SUPPLEMENT FOR NEW YORK. Canada, 4.5; Hungary, 3.5; Sweden, 2; all other coun- tries, 8.4. Of the total white stock of foreign origin, which includes persons bom abroad and also natives having one or both parents born abroad, Germany contributed 21.5 per cent; Ireland, 19; Russia, 14.8; Italy, 12.9; Austria, 6.7; England, 6; Canada, 4.7; Hungary, 2.5; Scotland, 1.6; Sweden, 1.6. Voting and militia ages (Table 6). — The total number of males 21 years of age and over is 2,836,773, representing 31.1 per cent of the population. Of such males, 32.1 per cent are native whites of native parent- age, 23 per cent native whites of foreign or mixed parentage, 43 per cent foreign-born whites, and 1.6 per cent negroes. Of the 1,221,013 foreign-born white males of voting age, 502,083, or 41.1 per cent, are naturalized. Males of militia age — 18 to 44 — number 2,156,361. Age (Tables 7, 8, 14, and 15). — Of the total popula- tion, 9.9 per cent are under 5 years of age, 17.4 per cent from 5 to 14 years, inclusive, 19.5 per cent from 15 to 24, 32.5 per cent from 25 to 44, and 20.6 per cent 45 years of age and over. The foreign-bom white population comprises comparatively few children, only 7 per cent of this class being under 15 years of age, while 73.6 per cent are 25 years of age and over. Of the native whites of foreign or mixed parentage, 38.3 per cent are 25 and over, and of the native whites of native parentage, 49 per cent. The urban population shows a larger proportion of persons in the prime of life than the rural and a smaller proportion past middle age. Migration to the city and the influx of foreign immigrants explains this at least in part. Of the urban population, 33.6 per cent are from 25 to 44 years of age, inclusive, and of the rural population, 28.3 per cent, while for those 45 years and over the percentages are 18.3 and 28.7, respectively. The large number of children in families of foreign origin may account for the fact that the proportion of chil- dren under 5 is greater in the urban population than in the rural. School attendance (Table 9). — The total number of persons of school age — that is, from 6 to 20 years, inclusive — is 2,454,428, of whom 1,563,374, or 63.7 per cent, attended school. In addition to these, 55,773 children under 6 and 31,716 persons 21 and over attended school. For boys frOm 6 to 20 years, inclu- sive, the percentage attending school was 64.4; for girls, 63. For children from 6 to 14 years, inclusive, the percentage attending school was 90. The per- centage for children of this age among native whites of foreign or mixed parentage was 90.6; among native whites of native parentage, 89.9; among foreign-born whites, 88.3; and among negroes, 87.1. (See Table I.) There is little difference between urban and rural com- munities as regards the percentage of school attend- ance for the ages from 6 to 14, but of persons from 15 to 20 years, inclusive, 25 per cent in urban commu- nities, as against 37.2 per cent in rural, were reported as attending school. Illiteracy (Table 10).— There are 406,020 illiterates in the state, representing 5.5 per cent of the total population 10 years of age and over, the percentage being the same as in 1900. The percentage of illiteracy is 13.7 among foreign-born whites, 5 among negroes, and 0.8 among native whites. For all classes combined, the percentage of illiterates is 5.9 in urban communities and 3.9 in rural, but for each class separately, the rural percentage exceeds the urban. For persons from 10 to 20 years of age, inclusive, whose literacy depends largely upon present school facilities and school attendance, the percentage of illiteracy is 2 . 1 . (See Table I. ) Marital condition (Tables 11 and 16). — In the popu- lation 15 years of age and over, 39.8 per cent of the males are single and 33.7 per cent of the females. The percentage married is 55.2 for males and. 54.5 for females, and the percentage widowed 4.4 and 11.3, respectively. The percentages of those reported as divorced, 0.2 and 0.3, respectively, are believed to be too small, because of the probabihty that many di- vorced persons class themselves as single or widowed. That the percentage single is smaller for women than for men is due largely to the fact that women marry younger. Thus 5.7 per cent of the females from 15 to 19 years of age are married, as compared with 0.5 per cent of the males, and 39.6 per cent of the females from 20 to 24 years are married, as compared with 18.7 per cent of the males. In the next age group, 25 to 34 years, the difference is not so great, while in the succeeding age groups the percentage married is higher among the males. That there is a larger proportion of widows than of widowers may indicate that men more often remarry than women, but, since husbands are generally older than their wives, the marriage relationship is more often broken by death of the husband than by death of the wife. For the main elements of the population the per- centages of married persons among those 15 years of age and over are as follows: Foreign-born whites, 62.9 for males and 61.5 for females; native whites of native parentage, 54 and 53.3, respectively; native whites of foreign or mixed parentage, 44.9 and 46.9; negroes, 53.3 and 50.6. These percentages by no means indicate the relative tendency of the several classes as regards marriage. To determine that, the comparison should be made by age periods, since the proportion married in any class is determined largely by the proportion who have reached the marrying age. Similarly, the proportion wid- owed depends largely on the proportion past middle life. The percentage married, both for males and for females, is higher in rural than in urban communities. Dwellings and families. — The total number of dwellings in New York is 1,178,686, and the total number of families 2,046,845, there being 173.7 families to each 100 dwellings. (See Table I.) The average number of persons per dwelling is 7.7, and the average number per family, 4.5. STATISTICS OF POPULATION. 595 Table 1. -COLOR, NATIVITY, AND PARENTAGE. Table- 4. -STATE OR DIVISION OF BIRTH. CLASS OF POPULATION. Total population. WWte Negro Indian Chinese Japanese All others Total native Total foreign bom. Native white, total. . Native parentage . . Foreign parentage . Mixed parentage. . . Foreign-bom white. . CUBAN" POPULATION. Total White Negro Indian, Chinese, Japanese. and all other. Native white, total Native parentage Foreign parentage Mixed parentage Foreign-born wlute 1910 EUEAL POPULATION. Total White Negro Indian, Chinese, Japanese, and all other. Native white, total Native parentage Foreign parentage Mixed parentage Foreign-Dom white 9,113,614 8,966,845 134, 191 6,046 5,266 1,247 19 6,365,603 2,748,011 6, 237, 573 3,230,325 2,241,837 765, 411 2,729,272 7,185,494 7,061,043 117,486 6,065 4,578,556 1, 955, 409 2,005,224 617, 923 2, 482, 487 1900 7,268,804 7, 156, 881 99,232 5,257 7,170 354 1890 1,928,120 1,905,802 16, 70S 5,613 1, 659, 017 1,274,916 236, 613 147,488 246, 785 1,900,425 5,267,358 2,851,613 1,761,868 663,977 1,889,523 5,298,111 5,209,360 81,356 7,405 3,546,967 1,517,569 ■2,029,398 1,662,383 6, 003, 174 5,923,965 70, 092 6,044 2,935 148 1,970,783 1,947,531 17,876 5,376 1,720,391 1,333,944 l| 386,447 227, 140 4,432,124 1,571,050 4,358,263 2,520,810 1,365,744 471,709 1, 566, 692 3, 899, 737 3,846,172 51,364 3,201 2,554,374 1,119,343 1,435,031 1, 290, 798 2, 103, 437 2,078,783 18,728 6,926 1,803,889 1,401,467 402,422 274, 894 PER CENT OF TOTAL. 1910 1900 1890 100.0 98.4 1.5 0.1 0.1 « 69.8 30.2 68.4 35.4 24.6 8.4 29.9 100.0 98.3 1.6 0.1 63.7 27.2 27.9 8.6 34.5 100.0 0.9 0.3 86.0 1 3 100.0 98.5 1.4 0.1 0.1 « {'I 73.9 26.1 72.5 39.2 24.2 9.0 26.0 100.0 98.3 1.5 0.1 28.6 ■38.3 31.4 100.0 98.8 0.9 0.3 87.3 67.7 19.6 11.5 100.0 98.7 1.2 0.1 {') W 73.8 26.2 72.6 42.0 22.8 7.9 26.1 100.0 98.6 1.3 0.1 65.5 28.7 33.1 0.9 0.3 85.8 66.6 19.1 13.1 1 Less than one-tenth of ] per cent. « Includes 1 Filipino, 14 Hmdus, and 4 Koreans. Table 2.— SEX, FOR THE STATE. [See also Tables 7 and 8.) 1910 1900 CLASS OF POPULATION. Male. Female. Males to 100 fe- males. Male. Female. Males to 100 fe- males. Total population 4,584,697 4,511,327 64,034 9,236 3,078,904 1,606,624 1,100,490 371,790 1,432,423 3,583,128 1,001,469 4,529,017 4,455,518 70,157 3,342 3, 158, 669 1,623,701 1,141,347 393,621 1,296,849 3,602,366 926,661 101.2 101.3 91.3 276.4 97.5 98.9 96.4 94.5 110.5 99.5 108.1 3, 614, 780 3,558,116 46,618 10,046 2,604,331 1,417,769 867, 081 319,481 953,785 2,607,167 1,007,613 3,664,114 3,598,766 52,614 2,735 2,663,027 1,433,744 894, 787 334,496 935, 738 2,690,944 963,170 98.9 98 9 88.6 Indian, Chinese, Japan- ese, and all other. Native white, total Native parentage Foreign parentage Mixed parentage Foreign-bom white Urban population Rural population 367.3 97.8 98.9 96.9 95.5 101.9 96.9 104.6 Table S. —NATIVE POPULATION, DISTINGUISHED BORN IN STATE OR OUTSIDE STATE. AS CLASS OF POPULATION. Total native population.. Bom in state Bom outside state 2 Per cent outside state. . Native white population. . Bom in state Bom outside state 2 "Per cent outside state. Native negro population.... Bom in state Bom outside state 2 Per cent outside state. . 1910 6,369,603 6, 647, 063 718,540 11.3 6,237,573 5,591,515 646,058 10.4 121,340 49, 760 71,590 59.0 1890 9,368,469 4,833,941 534,528 10.0 5,267,358 4,784,307 483,051 9.2 95,680 44,614 51,066 53.4 4,426,803 3,991,033 436, 770 9.8 14,358,260 3,950,856 407,404 > 68, 543 40,177 28,366 41.4 Urban: 1910 Rural; 1910 4,684,988 4,094,716 590,272 12.6 4,578,556 4,053,'" 524,687 11.5 104,934 40,151 64,783 61.7 1, 680, 615 1,652,347 128,268 7.6 1,659,017 1,537,646 121,371 7.3 16,406 9,599 6,807 41.6 1 Exclusive of 3 whites and 5,318 Indians, not distributed by state of birth. 2 Includes persons bom in United States, state not specified; persons bom in outlying possessions, or at sea under United States flag; and American citizens bom > Includes native Indians and Chinese, but the numbers are small. PLACE OF BIRTH. Total native.. New Yorlc Other states Pennsylvania. . New Jersey Massachusetts. . Connecticut Virginia Ohio Vermont Illinois Michigan Maryland North Carolina. Maine South Carolina.. Rhode Island... Georgia Indiana Allotheri 1910 DmsiONS. New England Middle Atlantic East North Central West North Central South Atlantic East South Central West South Central Mountain Pacific Otheri 6,365,603 5,647,063 718,540 165,232 99,068 60,900 43,882 40,856 34,913 24,013 23,635 20,804 17,360 14,450 11,188 10,098 8,740 8,692 8,610 126,099 1900 PEE CENT OF TOTAL. 154,921 5,911,363 96,261 25,680 106,686 15,214 9,007 6,117 8,430 31,924 6, 368, 469 4,833,941 534,528 110,868 79, 719 45,457 36,201 32,404 26,219 23,502 16,466 17,276 12,864 8,771 8,936 6,412 6,649 4,995 5,439 93,460 1910 1900 126,182 6,024,528 71,731 17,370 74,488 10,086 5,466 2,457 6,566 30,596 100.0 83. 7 11.3 2.6 1.6 1.0 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 2.0 2.4 92.9 1.5 0.4 1.7 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.5 100.0 90.0 10.0 2.1 1.6 0.8 0.7 0.6 O.S 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 6.1 0.1 1.7 2.4 93.6 1.3 0.3 1.4 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.6 1 Includes persons bom in United States, state not specified; persons bom in outlying possessions, or at sea under United States flag; and American citizens born abroad. 2 Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. Table 5— FOREIGN WHITE STOCK, BY NATIONALITY. FOREIGN COUNTRY IN ■WHICH BORN, OS, IF NATIVE, IN ■WHICH PARENTS WERE BOEN. All countries. . Austria Canada— French. . . Canada — Other Cuba and other West Indies' Denmark England Finland France Germany Greece Holland Hungary Ireland Italy Norway Roumania Russia Scotland Sweden S^wltzerland Turkey in Asia... Turkey in Europe. Wales All other ■WHITE POPULATION OF FOEEIGN BIRTH OE FOREIGN parentage; 1910 Total. Number. Per cent. 5,736,580 382,158 69,695 198,806 9,780 20,709 341,429 11,505 45,945 1,234,580 11,277 27,901 141,327 1,091,140 739,059 37,404 47, 103 848,324 90,678 90,235 29,553 11,839 5,554 19, 726 2 230, 793 100.0 6.7 1.2 3.5 0.2 0.4 6.0 0.2 0.8 21.5 0.2 0.5 2.6 19.0 12.9 0.7 0.8 14.8 1 1.6 0.6 0.2 0.1 0.3 4.0 Foreign born. Num- ber. 1,729,272 244,995 24,563 98,079 6,535 12, .536 146,468 8,759 23,436 436,874 10,097 12,660 96,841 367,877 472, 192 25,012 34,441 558,952 39,429 53, 703 16, 312 9,478 4,998 7,462 17,583 Per cent. Native. Both parents foreign born. 100.0 9.0 0.9 3.6 0.2 0.5 6.4 0.3 0. 16.0 0.4 0.5 3.5 13.5 17.3 0.9 1.3 20.5 1.4 2.0 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.6 One parent foreign bom. 2,241,837 126,246 21,506 25,735 1,133 5,006 79,671 2,500 11,272 678, 183 40, 765 615,886 251,311 10, 171 12, 169 274, 193 23,702 29,284 6,766 2,164 478 6,296 2 207,688 765,411 11,917 23,627 74,992 2,112 3,167 116,290 246 11,237 219,623 337 6,371 3,721 207,377 15,556 2,221 503 15,179 27,547 7,248 6,475 197 78 6,968 5,522 Foreign- bom white popula- tion: 1900 1,889,523 104,532 27, 150 89,618 4,087 8,728 135,530 4,048 19,987 499,790 1,573 9,413 37,168 426,511 182,243 12,601 10,549 202,953 33,850 42,704 13,676 1,914 7,304 14,594 1 Except Porto Rico. 2 Includes native whites whose parents were bom in different foreign countries- for example, one parent in Ireland and the other in Scotland. Table 6.— MALES OP VOTING AND MILITIA AGES. MALES OF VOTING AGE— 21 AND O-VEE. MALES OF MILITLA AGE— CLASS OF POPULATION. Number. Per cent. 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 Total 2,836,773 2,783,371 45,877 7,525 1,562,358 909, 494 652,864 1,221,013 2, 184, 965 2,145,057 31,425 8,483 1,316,583 782,487 533,096 829,474 100,0 98.1 1.6 0.3 65.1 32.1 23.0 43.0 100.0 98.2 1.4 0.4 60.2 35.8 24.4 38.0 2,156,361 2,111,360 39,488 5,513 1,213,383 654,731 558,652 897,977 1,639,396 1,605,624 26,868 6,913 1,051,690 544, 138 507,552 553,934 White Negro In(flan, Chinese, Japanese, and all other. Native parentage Foreign or mixed par Foreign-bom white 596 SUPPLEMENT FOR NEW YORK. Table 7,— AGE, FOR THE STATE. AGE FEBIOD. All ages, number.. Under 5 years Under 1 year 6to9years 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years , 26 to 29 years 30 to 34 years , 35 to 39 years , 40 to 44 years , 45 to 49 years 50 to 54 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 to 74 years VS to 84 years 85 to 94 years 95 years and over Age unknown All ages, per cent. Under 5 years 5 to 9 years 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over TOTAL POPULATION. 1910 1,113,614 898,927 191, 563 803,868 785,826 842,449 938, 941 879,843 768,304 712,209 699,966 603, 678 418,313 294,160 237,889 294,968 106,641 16,845 701 11,086 100.0 9.9 8.8 8.6 9.2 10.3 18.1 14.4 16.0 4.6 1900 753, 490 159, 521 713, 722 643 ,-788 640,682 702,732 695, 069 617, 324 560,693 462,873 367, 621 313, 646 239, 785 198, 559 243, 752 90, 532 12,998 623 11, 006 100.0 10.4 9.8 8.9 8.8 9.7 18.1 14.1 16.4 4.8 Male. 4,684,597 453,863 97,245 403,516 393, 939 408,962 460,053 450, 670 397, 058 366, 622 310,660 258,842 214, 734 148, 218 115, 216 140,741 47,610 7,085 261 7,747 100.0 9.9 8.8 8.6 8.9 10.0 18.5 14.7 16.1 4.3 Female. 4, 529, 017 445,064 94, 308 400,362 391,887 433,487 478,888 429, 273 371,246 346,687 289,306 244,836 203, 579 145,942 122,673 154,227 58,031 9,760 440 3,339 100.0 8.7 9.6 10.6 17.7 14.0 15.8 4.9 NATIVE ■WHITE. Native parentage. Male. Female. 1,606,624 182, 621 37, 670 165,775 161,347 157,909 150, 203 133,698 115,242 105,306 87,843 75,420 70,202 56,424 46,871 64,07^ 24,134^ 3,809 100 5,648 100.0 11.4 10.3 10.0 9.8 9.3 15.5 12.0 15.6 6.7 1,623,701 178, 779 36,591 163, 25J 159,910 161, 281 167,564 137,810 117,412 104,368 86,286 75,412 69, 126 55,775 50,050 69,944 29,660 5,338 208 1,622 100.0 11.0 10.1 9.8 9.9 9.7 15.7 11.7 15.4 6.5 Foreign or mixed Male. Female. 1,472,280 256, 383 67, 629 196,301 180, 182 161,408 126,305 104, 171 96, 192 93,656 77,476 64,361 53,009 30,013 16,700 14,219 2,907 405 16 677 100.0 17.3 13.3 12.2 11.0 8.6 13.6 11.6 11.1 1.2 1,634,968 250,369 55,904 195,656 179,430 168, 657 141,431 113,252 105, 783 101,987 83,760 68,940 55,379 31,348 17, 762 16,474 3,717 675 16 632 100.0 16.3 12.7 11.7 11.0 9.2 14.3 12.1 11.3 1.4 FOEEION-BOKN WHITE. Male. Female. 1,432,423 10, 602 669 37, 091 48,337 84,877 175,030 201,967 176, 383 158, 236 139,447 114,882 88, 621 60,038 51,408 61, 137 20,220 2,812 136 1,299 100.0 0.7 2.6 3.4 5.9 12.2 26.4 20.8 22.0 6.9 1,296,849 10, 343 609 36, 768 47,982 97,752 169, 900 166, 903 139, 713 133, 284 114, 618 96,834 76,422 57, 197 63,616 66,393 24,247 3,722 178 987 100.0 0.8 2.8 3.7 7.6 13.1 23.6 19.1 21.9 7.3 Male. Female. 64,034 4,920 1,177 3,944 3,742 4,363 7,771 9,666 8,092 7,133 4,729 3,197 2,258 1,434 1,064 1,173 314 49 8 177 100.0 7.7 6.2 5.8 6.8 12.1 27.7 18.5 12.4 2.4 70,167 5,141 1,123 4,343 4,188 5,455 9,710 11,007 8,109 6,865 4,493 3,476 2,537 1,537 1,193 1,321 462 113 33 184 100.0 7.3 6.2 6.0 7.8 13.8 27.2 16.2 12.5 2.7 tND., CHL, JAP., AND ALL OTHEB. Male. 9,236 437 100 405 331 405 744 1,068 1,149 1,191 1,166 982 644 309 173 140 35 10 1 46 100.0 4.7 4.4 3.6 4.4 8.1 24.0 25.5 22.8 2.0 Fe- male. 3,312 432 81 438 377 342 283 301 229 193 150 174 115 85 52 95 45 12 5 14 100.0 12.9 13.1 11.3 10.2 8.5 15.9 10.3 12.7 4.7 Table 8.— AGE, FOR URBAN AND RURAL POPULATION. TOTAL. NATIVE WHITE. FOREIGN-BOEN WHITE. NEGEO. AGE PERIOD. Male. Female. Male. Female. Male. Female. Male. Female. Urban. Rural. Urban. Rural. Urban. Rural. Urban. Rural. Urban. Rural. Urban. Rural. Urban. Rural. Urban. Rural. All ages, number Under 5 years 3,583,128 366,651 79,687 318,941 309,370 322,870 375,749 698,660 538,238 533,475 112,662 6,522 100.0 10.2 8.9 8.6 9.0 10.5 19.6 15.0 14.9 3.1 1,001,469 87,212 17,558 84,575 84,569 86. 092 84,304 148,978 137,944 203,635 83,036 1,226 100.0 8.7 8.4 8.4 8.6 8.4 14.9 13.8 20.3 8.3 3,602,366 360,112 77, 398 317,965 310,879 356,371 406,957 665,539 511,981 631,632 140,263 2,667 100.0 10.0 8.8 8.6 9.9 11.3 18.6 14.2 14.8 3.9 926, 651 84,952 16, 910 82,387 81,008 78,116 72,931 134,980 124,012 186,398 82,196 672 100.0 9.2 8.9 8.7 8.4 7.9 14.6 13.4 20.0 8.9 2,231,935 352, 810 78,061 280,607 260,601 241,338 209,290 334,121 266, 055 247,896 46,492 6,326 100.0 16.8 12.6 11.7 10.8 9.4 15.0 11.5 11.1 2.1 811,369 85,194 17,248 81,469 80,928 77,979 67,218 116,182 108,225 164, 105 63,170 899 100.0 10.1 9.6 9.6 9.2 8.0 13.6 12.8 19.4 7.5 2,344,021 346, 132 75,862 279,516 261,744 256,692 234,988 360,208 272,622 269, 049 61,658 1,612 100.0 14.8 11.9 11.2 11.0 10.0 15.4 11.6 11.5 2.6 814,648 83,016 16,633 79,297 77, 696 73,246 64,007 114,049 103,878 164, 743 64,274 542 100.0 10.2 9.7 9.5 9.0 7.9 14.0 12.8 19.0 7.9 1,287,678 9,571 697 34,990 45,580 77,910 159,486 347,060 269,695 277,326 65,054 1,007 100.0 0.7 2.7 3.6 6.1 12.4 27.0 20.9 21.6 6.1 111,715 931 72 2,101 2,757 6,967 16,646 31,290 27,988 37,623 19,251 292 100.0 0.6 1.5 1.9 4.8 10.7 21.6 19.3 26.0 13.3 1,191,809 9,496 536 34,692 45,500 93,842 161,998 287, 469 228,943 254, 820 77,166 884 100.0 0.8 2.9 3.8 7.9 13.6 24.1 19.2 21.3 6.5 102,010 847 74 2,066 2,482 3,910 7,902 19,147 18,969 29,249 17, 376 103 100.0 0.8 2.0 2.4 3.8 7.7 18.8 18.6 28.7 17.0 51,613 4,174 1,023 3,276 3,127 3,502 6,492 15,708 10,500 6,636 1,071 158 100.0 7.6 6.0 5.7 6.4 11.9 28.7 19.2 12.1 2.0 9,391 746 164 669 615 861 1,279 2,050 1,362 1,317 473 19 100.0 7.9 7.1 6.5 9.2 13.6 21.8 14.6 14.0 5.0 62,813 4,397 989 3,676 3,686 4,765 8,897 17,695 10,422 7,712 1,526 168 100.0 7.0 5.8 5.7 7.6 14.2 28.2 16.6 12.3 2.4 7,311 744 Under 1 year 134 667 602 690 813 25 to 34 years 1,421 926 1,031 404 16 All ages, per cent Under 5 vears 100.0 10.2 9.1 8.2 15 to 19 vears 9.4 11.1 19.4 35 to 44 vears 12.7 45 to 64 years. 14.1 5.6 Table 9.— SCHOOL ATTENDANCE. AGE PEKIOD. THE STATE. 6 to 20 years, inclusive . Male Female 6 to 9 years 10 to 14 years 15 to 17 years 18 to 20 years Under 6 years 21 years and over Total attending school •UEBAN POPULATION. 6 to 14 years IS to 20 years EUEAL POPULATION. 6 to 14 years 15 to 20 years Number. 2,151,128 1,210,638 1,243,790 637,903 785,826 482,877 547,822 1,125,071 834, 172 298,658 196,627 Attending sctiool. Number. 1,563,371 779,624 783,750 540, 228 741,542 218,436 63,168 65,773 31,716 1,650,863 1,017,808 208,460 263,962 73,144 Per 63.7 64.4 63.0 84.7 94.4 45.2 11.5 90.6 25.0 88.4 37.2 NATIVE WHITE. Native parentage. Number. 963,617 480,278 483,239 261,113 321,257 191,637 189,610 363,199 213,878 219,171 137,269 Attending school. Number. 663,316 328,684 334,632 218,468 305, 121 106, 582 33, 155 22,709 13, 664 699,679 329,403 82,978 194, 176 56, 759 Per cent. 68.8 68.4 69.2 83.7 96.0 55.6 17.5 90.7 34.0 88.6 41.3 Foreign or mixed parentage. Number. 1,053,610 621,531 632,079 306,980 359, 612 204,390 182,668 699,263 346, 627 67,329 41,391 Attending school. Number. 709,215 364, 101 365,144 263,820 340,388 86,830 19,207 29,221 7,991 746,457 544,574 90,952 59,634 14,085 Per cent. 67.3 67.9 66.7 85.9 94.7 42.0 10.6 90.9 26.3 FOEEIGN-BOEN WHITE. Number. Number. 407,790 195,225 212,566 62,608 96,319 81,407 167,450 150,211 233,679 8,716 16,284 Attending school. 171, 186 89,013 85,173 52,248 88,049 23,691 10, 198 3,245 9,603 187,034 132,966 32,247 7,331 1,642 Pifr 12.7 45.6 40.1 83.5 91.4 29.1 6.1 13. S 84.1 10.7 Number. 27,192 12,420 14,772 6,626 7,930 6,013 7,723 12,176 10, SCO 2,280 1,936 Attending school. Num- ber. 15,192 7,146 8,046 6,252 7,344 2,086 510 556 421 16,169 10,682 2,209 1,914 387 Per cent. 55.9 67.5 54.5 80.5 92.6 41.6 6.6 87.7 20.5 83.9 20.0 STATISTICS OF POPULATION. Table 10.— ILLITERATE PERSONS 10 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER. 597 CLASS OF POPULATION. THE STATE. Total imteiate, 1910 Native white Native parentage Foreign or mixed parentage Foreign-bom white Negro Total illiterate, 1900 Native white Native parentage Foreign or mixed parentage Foreign-born white Negro BOTH SEXES. Number. 406,020 36,318 21,292 15,026 362,025 5,768 318,100 47,360 29, 188 18, 162 258,423 9,180 Per cent. 5.6 0.8 0.8 0.7 13.7 6.0 6.5 1.2 1.3 1.1 14.0 10.8 Num- ber. 187,107 20,052 12, 636 7.516 163,346 2,433 143,214 26,715 17, 131 9,584 110, 174 3,903 Per cent. 5.0 0.9 1.0 0.7 11.8 4.4 6.0 1.4 1.6 1.2 11.8 Num- ber. 218,913 16,266 8,756 7,510 198, 679 3,335 174,886 20,635 12,057 8,578 148,249 5,277 Per cent. 6.9 0.7 0.7 0.7 15.9 5.5 6.0 1.1 1.1 1.0 16.2 11.7 CLASS OF POPULATION. URBAN POPULATION. Total Illiterate, 1910 Native white Native parentage Foreign or mixed parentage. . Foreign-bom white Negro BUBAL POPULATION. Total illiterate, 1910 Native white Native parentage Foreign or mixed parentage . . Foreign-bom white Negro BOTH SEXES. Number. 343,767 14, 759 5,926 8,833 324,085 4,264 62,253 21,559 15,366 6,193 37,940 1,604 Per cent. 6.9 0.4 0.4 0.5 13.5 4.2 3.9 1.6 1.5 2.0 15.8 10.8 Num- ber. 147,957 6,682 2,872 3,810 139, 109 1,544 39,160 13,370 .9,664 3,706 24, 237 Per cent. 6.1 0.4 0.4 0.4 11.2 4.7 2.0 1.9 2.4 17.1 11.1 Num- ber. 195,810 8,077 3,054 5,023 184, 976 2,720 23,103 8,189 5,702 2,487 13,703 615 Per cent. 6.7 0.6 0.4 0.5 16.1 6.0 3.0 1.3 1.1 1.7 13.8 10.4 Table 11.— MARITAL CONDITION OF PERSONS 15 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER. CLASS OF POPULATION AND AGE PEBIOD. THE STATE. Total, 1910 Total, mo 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 years and over Age unknown Native white: Native parentage ' 15 to 24 years 25 to 44 years . . . : 45 years and over Foreign or mixed parentage ^. . . 15 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 years and over Foreign-born white ' 15 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 years and over Negro 2 15 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 years and over URBAN POPULATION. Total IS to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 years and over Age unknown Native white— Native parentage. . . Native white— Foreign or mixed par Foreign-bom white Negro EimAL POPULATION. Total 15 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 years and over Age unknown Native white— Native parentage. . . Native white— Foreign or mixed par Foreign-bom white Negro MALES 15 YEAES OF AGE AND OVER. Total.' 3,333,279 2,666,281 408,962 460,053 847, 628 676, 182 932, 707 7,747 1,096,881 308, 112 442,089 341,032 840,414 287,713 371,494 180,630 1,336,493 259,907 676,033 399, 254 51,428 12, 134 29,620 9,497 2,688,166 698,619 1,236,888 646,137 6,522 638,343 702, 174 1,197,537 44,067 745, 113 170,396 286,922 286,570 1,225 458,538 138,240 138,956 7,361 Single. Number. 1,327,337 1,014,26$ 405, 313 371, 457 327,759 124,089 97, 158 1,561 438,734 274,972 128, 361 34,705 433, 787 268,334 137,584 27,564 428,955 222, 409 173,456 32,590 21,161 10, 039 9,693 1,375 1,061,422 626,123 1,136 280,308 375,990 383,763 17,396 266,916 151,647 82, 765 31,078 425 158,426 57, 797 45, 192 3,755 Per cent. 39.7 99.1 80.7 38.7 18.4 10.4 20.1 40.0 89.2 29.0 10.2 51.6 93.3 37.0 15.3 32.1 85.6 25. 7« 8.2 41.1 82.7 32.7 14.5 41.0 89.6 29.8 10.2 17.4 53.5 32.0 39.5 36.7 89.0 28.8 10.8 34.7 34.6 41.8 32.5 51.0 Married, Number. 1,840,960 1,407,061 1,929 85,988 508, 646 530, 191 712, 895 1,311 592, 718 31,363 302,684 258, 180 377,570 18,205 224,727 134,470 840, 237 36, 212 490, 977 312,580 27,435 2,029 18, 811 6,530 1,410,269 70,239 841,379 497,736 905 323,947 303, 254 756,828 24,285 430,701 17,678 197,458 215, 159 406 268,771 74,316 83,409 3,150 Per cent. 55.2 56.1 0.5 18.7 60.0 78.4 76.4 16.9 64.0 10.2 68.4 75.7 44.9 6.3 60.5 74.4 62.9 13.9 72.6 78.3 53.3 16.7 C3.6 64.5 10.1 68.0 77.0 13.9 50.7 43.2 63.2 55.1 67.8 10.4 68.8 75.1 33.1 58.6 63.8 60.0 42.8 Wid- owed. 145,844 m,09s 46 784 8,049 18, 608 118, 106 252 54,712 334 8,443 45, 821 25,721 201 7,723 17,767 62, 605 262 9,474 52,780 2,533 33 964 1,521 101,617 653 21,405 79,406 153 26,238 20,241 52,933 2,103 44,227 177 5,252 38,699 28,474 5,480 9,672 430 Di- vorced. 7,436 4,098 10 177 1,546 2,341 3,351 11 3,784 108 1,846 1,822 1,692 38 994 658 1,775 34 927 813 164 5 109 50 6,267 137 3,005 2,118 7 2,160 1,362 1,586 155 2,169 50 882 1,233 4 1,624 330 189 9 FEMALES 15 YEARS OP AGE AND OVER. 3,291,714 2,602,613 433. 487 478, 888 800,519 635,993 939. 488 3,339 1, 121, 755 318, 845 445,875 355, 413 909, 613 310, 088 404,782 194,211 1,201,766 267, 652 554,518 378, 609 56,485 15,165 30, 464 10, 672 2,613,410 761,328 1,177,620 671,895 2,667 677,058 779,571 1,105,121 61,184 678,304 151,047 258,992 267,593 672 444,697 130,042 96,645 5,301 Single. Number. 1,109,671 877, ap 406,664 285,039 220. 671 98,432 97,689 1,176 387,512 245,436 101, 794 39, 776 408,960 258,455 120,801 29,431 294,396 177,445 89, 282 27,320 18,268 9,972 7,113 1,141 931,464 582,686 274,400 73,411 967 268,919 366,694 279i 113 16,570 178,207 109,017 44,703 24,278 209 118,593 42,206 15,283 1,698 Per cent. 33.7 33.7 93.8 59.5 27.6 15.5 10.4 35.2 34.5 77.0 22.8 11.2 45.0 83.3 29.8 15.2 24.5 66.3 16.1 7.2 32.3 65.8 23.3 10.7 36.6 76.5 23.3 10.9 36.3 39.7 47.0 25.3 32.4 26.3 72.2 17.3 9.1 31.1 26.7 32.5 15.8 32.0 Married. Number. 1,793,568 1,393,916 24,860 189,744 656,608 483, 847 538,386 1,113 597,958 70,989 321,871 204,579 426,615 49,939 261,299 115,117 739,251 88,580 436,416 213, 892 28,577 4,885 19, 174 4,452 1,376,903 173,645 834,043 368,355 860 327,262 349,351 674,353 25,686 416,656 40,959 205,412 170,031 253 270, 706 77, 164 64,898 2,892 Per cent. 64.6 6s.e 6.7 39.6 69.4 76.1 57.3 33.3 53.3 22.3 72.2 57.6 46.9 16.1 64.6 69.3 61.5 33.1 78.7 56.5 50.6 32.2 62.9 41.7 62.7 22.8 70.8 54.8 32.2 48.3 44.8 61.0 50.2 61.4 27.1 79.3 63.5 37.6 60.9 59.3 67.2 54.6 Wid- owed. 373,190 321,863 215 2,434 20, 220 60, 141 299, 657 523 129, 138 974 18,782 109, 174 70,420 652 20,761 48,949 164, 167 790 26,839 136,325 9,206 227 3,927 6,009 292,681 2,248 62,629 227,396 408 75,928 60,257 147,933 8,520 401 7,732 72,261 115 63,210 10,163 16,234 686 Di- vorced. 10,227 6,631 642 3,249 3,195 3,038 21 4,950 361 2,998 1,682 2,347 170 1,560 614 2,609 151 1,673 778 292 36 204 51 8,427 606 5,539 2,266 16 3,558 2,078 2,512 278 1,800 118 905 772 5 1,392 269 97 14 I Total includes peisons whose marital condition is unknown. 75140°— 13 39 3 Totals include persons of unknown age. 598 SUPPLEMENT FOR NEW YORK. Table 12.— SEX, FOR CITIES OF 25,000 OR MORE. [See also Tables 14 and 16.] Albany Amsterdam... Auburn Binghamton... Buffalo Elmira Jamestown Kingston Mount Vernon. New Rocbelle. Newburgh Niagara Falls.. Poughkeepsie. 1910 Male. 48,270 15,279 17,587 23,105 212,602 18,563 15, 650 12,250 14,844 14,686 13, 435 16,086 13,378 Female. 61,983 15,988 17,081 25,338 211,213 18,623 15,647 13,658 16,075 14, 181 14,370 14,369 14,558 Males to 100 fe- males. 92.9 95.6 103.0 91.2 100.6 99.6 100.0 89.7 92.3 103.6 93.5 112.0 91.9 Male. 45,031 10,023 15, 115 18,666 174,931 17,891 10, 939 11, 725 10,040 7,330 11, 654 10, 125 11, 174 1900 Female. 49, 120 10,906 15,230 21,081 177,456 17, 781 11,953 12,810 11,188 7,390 13,289 9,332 12,856 Males to 100 fe- males. 91.7 91.9 99 2 88.1 98.6 100.6 91.5 91.6 89.7 99.2 87.7 108.5 New York Manhattan Borough Bronx Borough Brooklyn Boroiigh. . Queens Borough Richmond Borough. Rochester Schenectady Syracuse Troy Utica Watertown Yonkers 1910 Male. 2,382,482 1,166,669 gi7, m 809, 791 lU.iOS U,707 108,352 38,821 68,806 36,387 36,367 13,066 40, 103 Female. 2,384,401 1,164,883 gis,8eo 8B4,S60 lS9,8Se 41,162 109,797 34,006 68,443 41,426 38,052 13,664 39,700 1900 Male. 1, 705, 705 918,259 101,766 673, 733 77,647 34,410 77,520 17,063 62,538 28,015 26,875 10,671 23,188 Female. 1,731,497 931,834 98,761 692,849 76,462 32,611 85,088 14,629 55,836 32,636 29,508 11, 125 24,743 Males to 100 fe- males. 9S.S 103.0 96. S 102. S lOS.S 91.1 116.6 94.1 85.8 91.1 95.6 93.7 Table 13.— FOREIGN WHITE STOCK, BY NATIONALITY, FOR CITIES OF 100,000 OR MORE. white popin-ation of foeeign birth or foreign parentage; 1910 Foreign- born white popula- tion; 1900 FOREIGN COUNTRY m WHICH BORN, OE, IF NATIVE, IN WHICH PAEENT3 WEEE BOEN. white population of foeeign bieth or foeeign paeentage: 1910 Foreign- bom white 1900 FOEEIGN COUNTET IN WHICH BOEN, OB, IF NATIVE, IN Total. Foreign born. Native. Total. Foreign bom. Native. WHICH PARENTS WEEE BORN. Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. Both par- ents for- eign bom. One parent foreign born. Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. Both par- ents for- eign bora. One parent foreign bom. ALBANY. All countries. Austria Canada — French . Canada — Other. . . Denmark. .'. England France Germany Holland Hungary 64,698 100.0 18,165 100.0 85,619 10,911 17,689 952 1.7 586 3.2 311 55 145 836 1.5 286 1.6 261 289 313 1,403 2.6 665 3.7 164 574 589 102 0.2 61 0.3 20 21 21 3,860 7.1 1,282 7.1 1,038 1,540 1,361 313 0.6 120 0.7 74 119 107 16,806 30.7 4,620 25.4 8,717 3,469 5,969 716 1.3 281 1.5 252 183 289 101 0.2 67 0.4 32 2 32 Ireland Italy Russia. Scotland Sweden Switzerland Turkey Wales Another... 18, 116 3,278 4,126 1,096 142 187 217 134 > 2,313 33.1 6.0 7.5 2.0 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.2 4.2 4,645 2,206 2,445 356 96 93 146 42 269 25.0 12.1 13.6 2.0 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.2 1.6 9,668 971 1,696 334 19 62 67 58 11,985 102 85 406 27 42 4 34 69 6,612 657 965 395 65 64 21 30 161 BUFFALO. All countries Auistria Canada — French. . Canada— Other. - Denmark England France Germany Greece Holland Hungary Ireland 302,117 100.0 118,111 100.0 132,939 60,731 101,010 14,931 4.9 9,284 7.8 6,143 604 3,458 1,332 0.4 666 0.5 302 464 730 29,608 9.8 16,713 14.1 3,612 9,283 16,383 381 0.1 200 0.2 69 112 148 16,778 6.2 7,066 6.0 3,682 5,030 6,900 2,606 0.9 682 0.6 936 988 790 141,969 47.0 43,811 37.0 74,423 23,735 49,812 246 0.1 220 0.2 12 13 46 831 0.3 314 0.3 299 218 311 3,041 1.0 2,442 2.1 646 63 215 32,893 10.9 9,423 8.0 16,436 7,036 11,291 Italy Norway Roumania Russia ^ Scotland Sweden Switzerland Turkey in Asia Turkey in Europe, Wales Another 19, 123 444 135 17,022 4,118 1,929 1,592 296 113 562 '13,168 6.3 0.1 m 5.6 1.4 0.6 0.5 0.1 m 0.2 4.4 11,399 253 106 11,349 1,978 1,021 639 207 97 217 467 9.6 0.2 0.1 9.6 1.7 0.9 0.6 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.4 7,323 109 21 5,132 1,068 654 471 82 13 138 112,469 401 541 1,072 254 482 7 3 207 242 5,669 185 1 4,010 1,868 743 590 13 163 691 NEW YORK. All countries . . Austria Canada — French — Canada— Other Cuba and other West Indies ' Denmark England Finland France Germany Greece Holland 3,747,811 100.0 1,927,703 100.0 1,146,165 371,676 1,260,918 299,029 8.0 190,237 9.9 99,292 9,500 90,476 6,172 0.2 2,844 0.1 1,610 1,818 2,511 43,081 1.1 23,228 1.2 5,090 14,763 19,248 8,751 0.2 6,990 0.3 1,058 1,703 3,682 12,444 0.3 7,989 0.4 2,695 1,760 6,604 162,306 4.3 78, 135 4.1 33,425 50,746 68,721 9,846 0.3 7,409 0.4 2,264 182 3,733 30,679 0.8 18,265 0.9 6,465 6,849 14,735 724,704 19.3 278, 114 14.4 328,069 118,631 324,198 8,925 0.2 8,038 0.4 661 226 1,309 7,625 0.2 4,191 0.2 1,887 1,547 2,607 Hungary Ireland Italy Norway Roumania Russia Scotland Sweden Switzerland Turkey in Asia Turkey in Europe. Wales Another 112, 684 676,420 544, 449 33, 179 45, 996 733, 924 48,036 65,278 16,691 7,608 4,071 4,062 1 152, 196 3.0 18.0 14.5 0.9 1.2 19.6 1.3 1.5 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.1 4.1 76,626 252,662 340,765 22,280 33,684 484, 189 23,115 34, 950 10,460 6,160 3,695 1,778 13,010 4.0 13.1 17.7 1.2 17 25.1 1.2 1.8 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.7 32,776 3,183 309,804 113,954 191,645 12,139 9,272 1,627 11,930 481 237,280 12,455 12,331 12, 690 16, 811 3,517 3,215 3,026 1,229 119 317 69 1,002 1,272 135,557 3,629 31,616 275,073 145,429 11,387 10,499 180,423 19,827 28,316 8,369 1,400 1,686 10,161 1 Includes native whites whose parents were bom in different foreign countries; for example, one parent in Ireland and the other in Scotland. ' Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. ' Except Porto Rico. STATISTICS OF POPULATION. 599 Table 13.— FOREIGN WHITE STOCK, BY NATIONALITY, FOR CITIES OF 100,000 OR MORE— Continued. FOBEIGN -COtraxEY IN WHICH BOKN, OR, IF NATIVE, IN ■WHICH PARENTS ■WERE BORN. ■WHITE POPULATION OF FOREIGN BIRTH OR FOREIGN parentage: 1910 Total. Number. Per cent. Foreign born. Number. Per cent. Native. Both par- ents lor- eign born. One parent foreign born. Foreign- born wbite popula- tion: 1900 FOREIGN COUNTRY IN ■WHICH BORN, OR, IF NATIVE, IN ■WHICH PARENTS "WERE BORN. ■WHITE POPULATION OF FOREIGN BIRTH OR FOREIGN parentage: 1910 Total. Number. Per cent. Foreign born. Number. Per cent. Native. Both par- ents for- eign born. One parent foreign born. NE'W TOEK— Continued. MANHATTAN BOROUGH. Foreign- bom ■white popula- tion: 1900 All countries . . Austria Canada— French Canada— Other Cuba and other West Indies 1 Denmark England Finland France Germany Greece Holland 1,922,227 100.0 208,760 10.9 2,985 0.2 18,710 1.0 4,572 0.2 3,713 0.2 64, 679 3.4 4,366 0.2 19,187 1.0 271,948 14.1 7,199 0.4 3,560 0.2 1,104,019 100.0 137,401 12.4 1,609 0.1 11,421 1.0 3,341 0.3 2,764 0.2 36,474 3.3 3,604 0.3 13,058 1.2 117,990 10.7 6,637 0.6 2,109 0.2 678,846 139,362 66,241 5,108 670 706 1,933 6,356 540 691 528 431 11,399 16,806 694 68 3,568 2,671 116,725 38,233 460 112 859 692 782,714 77,061 1,441 9,163 2,093 1,777 32,398 1,883 10,269 166,879 1,100 1,608 Hungary Ireland Italy Norway Koumania Russia Scotland S^weden Switzerland Turkey in Asia . . . Turkey in Europe "Wales Another 83,184 4.3 360,633 18.2 307, 795 16.0 6,343 0.3 30,626 1.6 410,606 21.4 19,334 1.0 17,960 0.9 8,106 0.4 4,693 0.2 3,345 0.2 1,814 0.1 2 69,219 3.6 68,907 5.3 161,052 13.7 199,757 18.1 4,026 0.4 23,422 2.1 285, 194 26.8 10,636 1.0 13,215 1.2 6,795 0.5 4,085 0.4 3,090 0.3 903 0.1 7,640 0.7 22, 448 152,822 102,687 1,013 6,830 119,377 4,415 3,784 1,261 564 222 474 2 60,372 1,829 46,769 6,351 304 274 6,035 4,284 961 1,060 64 33 437 1,307 28,007 166,041 95,930 1,999 9,463 143,581 9,133 10,933 4,912 865 6,239 BRONX BOROUGH. All countries... Austria Canada — French Canada — Other Cuba and other ■West Indies ' Denmark England Finland France Germany Greece Holland 331,081 100.0 17,631 6.2 778 0.2 4,146 1.2 494 0.1 1,288 0.4 15, 458 4.6 1,282 0.4 2,166 0.6 97, 143 29.1 336 0.1 787 0.2 148,936 100.0 10,327 6.9 301 0.2 2,096 1.4 317 0.2 769 0.5 6,862 4.6 837 0.6 1,099 0.7 36, 692 24.6 260 0.2 394 0.3 110,661 14,485 6,010 1,194 229 248 621 1,629 69 118 308 211 3,264 6,342 421 24 605 561 44,466 16,096 54 22 235 158 61, 268 1,997 153 1,173 132 397 3,893 138 615 24,381 14 109 Hungary Ireland Italy Norway Roumania Russia Scotland Sweden Switzerland Turkey in Asia... Turkey ld Europe "Wales All other 9,780 2.9 59,687 17.8 40, 849 12.2 1,809 0.5 3,274 1.0 47,471 14.2 5,141 1.6 6,662 1.7 2,392 0.7 248 0.1 177 0.1 446 0.1 2 16,848 4.7 6,266 4.2 18,269 12.3 25,170 16.9 1,199 0.8 2,167 1.5 27,791 18.7 2,407 1.6 3,177 2.1 1,355 0.9 180 0.1 151 0.1 191 0.1 768 0.6 3,031 28,470 14, 666 491 1,022 17, 930 1,454 2,030 571 69 19 116 2 14, 751 493 12,848 1,013 119 85 1,760 1,280 445 466 9 7 138 329 550 12,820 7,862 444 97 2,221 1,338 1,458 822 26 113 506 BROOKLYN BOROUGH. All oonntrles. . . Austria Canada— French Canada— Other Cuba and other "West Indies ' Denmark England Finland France Germany Greece Holland 1,231,939 60,816 1,817 . 16,684 3,381 5,926 66, 72S 3,672 6,240 252, 680 1,223 2,699 100. 4.9 0.1 1.4 0.3 0.6 5.4 0.3 0.5 20.5 0.1 0.2 671,356 100.0 35,913 6.3 709 0.1 8,086 1.4 2,181 0.4 3,623 0.6 28,316 6.0 2,617 0.6 2,646 0.6 87,912 15.4 1,017 0.2 1,443 0.3 615,211 22,693 467 118,369 2,310 641 2,104 6,494 421 779 1,432 871 15,094 979 23,318 76 1,623 119,213 136 1,971 45,555 70 658 598 353,760 9,119 762 7,814 1,366 2,932 27,543 1,515 2,601 107,679 172 862 Hungary Ireland Italy Norway Roumania Russia Scotland Sweden Switzerland Turkey in Asia... Turkey in Europe "Wales Another 16,008 1.3 223,605 18.1 168,428 13.6 23,090 1.9 11, 897 1.0 259, 650 21.0 18,526 1.5 27,978 2.3 4,079 0.3 2,405 0.2 489 m 1,464 0.1 2 66,464 4.6 8,947 1.6 70, 653 12.4 100,424 17.6 15, 150 2.7 7,809 1.4 160,696 28.1 7,921 1.4 16,490 2.9 2,163 0.4 1,781 0.3 402 0.1 544 0.1 4,013 0.7 6, 108, 63, 6, 3, 94, 6, 2 49 729 44, 440 4,558 1,008 119 4,210 5,572 1,726 997 40 16 577 1,694 2,449 83,396 37, 199 7,969 935 31,468 7,784 14,695 1,849 248 561 2,863 QUEENS BOROUGH. All countries. . Austria Canada— French ... Canada— O ther Cuba and other West Indies' Denmark England Finland France Germany Greece Holland 200,081 100.0 10, 276 5.1 486 0.2 2,320 1.2 196 0.1 1,132 0.6 11,056 5.6 322 0.2 2,406 1.2 88,974 44.5 104 0.1 447 0.2 79,115 lOOO 6,511 7.0 186 0.2 1,048 1.3 94 0.1 634 0.8 4,579 6.8 222 0.3 1,140 1.4 30,252 38.2 71 0.1 182 0.2 88,152 32,817 3,962 803 122 178 353 919 24 78 309 189 2,699 3,778 88 12 657 608 42,697 16,126 17 16 105 160 41, 615 1,964 125 674 66 284 3,100 123 960 20,567 19 Hungary Ireland Italy Norway Roumania Russia Scotland Sweden Switzerland Turkey in Asia... Turkey in Europe Wales All other 514 1.3 895 14.4 715 9.9 XH9 0.1 238 0.1 819 6.4 jm 1.9 694 1.3 679 0.8 140 0.1 39 (») 231) 0.1 764 4.4 1,716 2.2 8,671 11.0 11,164 14.1 629 0.7 148 0.2 8,396 10.6 1,588 2.0 1,446 1.8 896 1.1 97 0.1 35 (») 78 0.1 443 0.6 692 106 13,741 6,483 7,741 820 242 118 88 2 4,089 335 1,076 1,086 960 298 411 372 30 13 3 1 66 96 2 8,100 221 241 7,968 3,003 240 5 2,613 1,079 759 648 16 103 270 RICHMOND BOROUGH. All countries.. Austria Canada — French Canada— Other Cuba and other West Indies ' Denmark England Finland France Germany Greece Holland 66, 613 1,656 106 1,221 108 386 4,386 203 582 13,959 63 132 lOOO 2.9 0.2 2.2 0.2 0.7 7.8 0.4 1.0 24.7 0.1 0.2 21,278 100.0 1,085 4.6 39 0.2 677 2.4 57 0.2 209 0.9 1,904 7.8 129 0.6 322 1.3 5,368 22.1 63 0.2 63 0.3 22,692 9,613 486 86 22 46 179 466 14- 37 118 58 979 1,602 72 2 122 138 6,069 2,622 4 6 30 39 18,581 345 30 534 37 214 1,787 74 310 5,692 4 Hungary Ireland Italy Norway Roumania Russia Scotland Sweden Switzerland Turkey in Asia Turkey in Europe . Wales AU other 1,098 1.9 13, 700 24.2 7,662 13.6 2,048 3.6 60 0.1 3,378 6.0 1,285 2.3 994 1.8 435 0.8 22 C) 21 (') 109 0.2 2 2, 901 5.1 799 4,017 4,260 1,376 38 2,213 564 622 241 17 17 62 246 3.3 16.5 17.6 5.7 0.2 9.1 2.3 2.6 1.0 0.1 0.1 0.3 1.0 273 26 6,259 3,424 3,006 397 594 78 21 1 1,040 126 353 368 285 87 63 131 2 3 2 2 23 24 2 2,577 78 269 4,868 1,135 735 9 655 493 471 238 44 287 1 Except Porto Rico. . ^.^ ^, . ^. , , . ^ , , , 2 Includes native whites whose parents were bom m diflerent foreign countries; for example, one parent m Ireland and the other in Scotland. 5 Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. 600 SUPPLEMENT FOR NEW YORK. Table 13.— FOREIGN WHITE STOCK, BY NATIONALITY, FOR CITIES OF 100,000 OR MORE— Continued. white population of foreign birth or foreign parentage: 1910 Foreign- born white popula- tion: 1900 FOREIGN COUNTET IN WHICH BORN, OR, IF NATIVE, IN WHICH PARENTS WERE BOBN. WHITE POPULATION OF FOREIGN BIRTH OB FOREIGN PARENTAGE: 1910 Foreign- bom wWte ^&- 1900 FOBEIGN COUNTRY IN WHICH BORN, OB, IF NATIVE, IN Total. Foreign born. Native. Total. Foreign born. Native. WHICH PARENTS WEEE BOBN. Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. Both par- ents for- eign born. One parent foreign born. Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. Both par- ents for- eign born. One parent foreign born. BOCHESTEB. Allcoantries... Austria Canada — French Canada— Other Denmark , England France Germany Greece Holland Hungary Ireland 142,630 100.0 2,328 1.6 1,493 1.0 16,280 11.4 266 0.2 11,214 7.9 1,011 0.7 49,573 34.7 191 0.1 3,094 2,2 556 0.4 19,026 13.3 68, 1, 993 100.0 6KS 2.9 569 1.0 112 15.4 135 0.2 939 8.4 326 0.6 624 24,8 176 0.3 221) 2.1 415 0.7 230 8.9 56, 1, 2, 24, 1, 732 26,955 549 91 3S0 544 948 5,220 56 75 711 3,564 315 370 851 10,098 12 3 191 683 114 27 353 4,443 40, 718 218 552 7,733 51 3,909 307 16,261 18 927 32 5,599 Italy Norway Roumania Kussia Scotland Sweden Switzerland Turkey in Asia Turkey in Europe. . Wales All other 14,816 10.4 131 0.1 121 0.1 11,595 8.1 2,140 1.5 615 0.4 1,083 0.8 142 0.1 169 0.1 264 0.2 16,572 4.6 10,638 18,0 88 0.1 90 0.2 7,148 12.1 949 1.6 384 0.7 498 0.8 118 0.2 156 0.3 89 0.2 402 0.7 25 27 4,151 493 170 322 18 13 68 1 6,029 242 18 4 296 698 61 263 6 1 107 141 1,278 32 2 2,221 663 109 478 26S STBACUSE. Allcountiles.. Austria Canada — French . . . Canada — Other Denmark England France Germany Greece Hungary 77,693 100.0 1,884 2.4 1,374 1.8 5,519 7.1 107 0.1 6,319 8.1 634 0.8 22,283 28.7 112 0.1 314 0.4 781 100.0 265 4.1 499 1.6 717 8.8 52 0.2 469 8.0 181 0.6 903 22.4 106 0.3 212 0.7 32,634 11,278 568 61 371 504 783 2,019 1 30 25 1 1,610 2,240 1 221 232 11,369 4 95 4,011 2 7 23,705 244 560 2,376 48 2,382 187 8,028 1 124 Ireland Italy Russia Scotland Sweden Switzerland Turkey in Asia... Turkey in Europe Wales Another 18,177 23.4 7,079 9.1 8,328 10.7 1,026 1.3 219 0.3 622 0.8 193 0.2 167 0.2 279 0.4 '3,057 3.9 4,877 15.8 4,756 15.5 5,260 17.1 381 1.2 126 0.4 271 0.9 154 0.5 165 O.S 92 0.3 295 1.0 9,362 2,164 2,847 242 60 154 30 2 79 12,653 3,938 169 221 197 9 108 109 6,71? 1,232 1,867 307 90 291 12 65 174 1 Includes native whites whose parents were bom in different loreign countries ; tor example, one parent in Ireland and the other in Scotland. Table 14.- AGE, FOR CITIES OF 25,000 TO 500,000. [For New York City, see Table 15.] AGE FEBIOD. Albany Under 5 years Under 1 year... 6 to 9 years 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over. Age unknown Amsterdam Under 5 years Under 1 year. . . 5 toOyears 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over . Age unknown Auburn Under 5 years Under 1 year... 5 to 9 years 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over Age unknown... Binghamton.. Under 5 years... Under 1 year.. 6 toOyears 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over Age unknown . . . Male. Female, 48,270 3,867 768 3,713 3,757 4,064 4,819 9,173 7,695 8,759 2,376 47 16,279 1,663 395 1,194 1,170 1,376 1,859 3,177 2,118 2,213 504 5 17, 587 1,470 308 1,216 1,162 1,438 1,986 3,785 2,644 3,042 842 2 23, 105 1,910 417 1,662 1,664 1,802 2,211 3,970 3,811 4,736 1,307 42 61,983 3,736 761 3,693 3,741 4,439 6,346 9,975 8,196 9,765 3,051 41 16,988 1,695 410 1,118 1,153 1,821 2,151 2,949 2,099 2,352 742 17,081 1,492 301 1,172 1,141 1,529 1,769 3,119 2,493 3,201 1,170 5 25,338 1,781 403 1,650 1,713 2,269 2,666 4,445 4,030 5,036 1,726 22 NATIVE WHITE, Male, Female, 38,704 3,796 760 3,626 3,540 3,702 3,974 7,086 0,907 6,986 1,160 29 1,606 393 1,093 1,024 973 852 1,443 1,203 1,204 261 4 19, 026 1,S69 412 1,563 1,678 1,691 1,709 3,006 3,020 3,719 946 26 42,302 3,653 749 3,479 3,648 4,069 4,484 8,214 6,613 6,778 1,538 26 10,866 1,547 407 1,026 1,004 1,204 1,166 1,716 1,316 1,450 429 7 12,999 13,509 1,423 1,439 303 295 1,160 1,105 1,082 1,057 1,180 1,2,56 1,275 1,309 2,475 2,391 1,845 1,905 2,055 2,292 512 753 2 2 21,380 1,741 397 1,658 1,599 1,860 2,146 3,656 3,355 4,104 1,344 18 FOBEIGN-BORN WHITE. Male. Female, 9,031 52 4 153 187 333 782 1,967 1,676 2,673 1,195 13 5,666 43 1 98 142 400 1,003 1,716 906 1,000 241 1 4,299 26 1 62 68 246 674 1,219 743 952 319 3,758 21 2 75 71 197 466 910 722 939 346 12 9,134 65 6 169 159 323 785 1,621 1,609 2,897 1,492 14 6,069 43 2 88 145 615 990 1,213 771 894 3,321 29 1 63 66 257 415 668 556 S66 3,631 25 2 75 91 385 497 718 612 864 360 Male. 497 19 4 33 30 29 61 107 101 91 21 6 54 9 1 276 21 4 14 12 12 37 84 63 33 10 312 20 3 13 16 14 36 62 67 75 16 4 Fe- male. 640 16 6 45 34 47 76 136 74 90 21 1 64 6 1 4 4 2 5 20 12 251 24 6 14 18 16 36 60 32 43 323 14 4 17 21 24 24 71 62 68 22 AGE PERIOD. Buflalo Under 5 years Under 1 year... 5 to 9years 10 to 14 years 16 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 26 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over. Age unknown Elmira Under 6 years Under 1 year... 5 toOyears 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 26 to 34 years 36 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over. Age unknown Jamestown Under 5 years Under 1 year... 5 to 9years 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over Age unknown Kingston Under 6 years... Under 1 year.. 6 toOyears 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 26 to 34 years 36 to 44 years 46 to 64 years 65 years and over . Age unknown Male. Female. 212, 602 21,262 4,644 19,038 19, 408 20,427 22,261 39, 273 30,977 33,369 6,295 202 18,553 1,358 274 1,314 1,344 2,021 2,403 3,068 2,598 3,447 18 16, 660 1,393 275 1,260 1,240 1,427 1,774 2,910 2,282 2,676 766 42 12,250 1,078 221 1,067 1,084 1,225 1,181 1,919 1,740 2,312 638 6 211,213 20,995 4,429 19,274 19, 729 21,622 22,806 37, 127 29,354 32, 107 8,067 132 18,623 1,286 256 1,275 1,350 1,743 1,884 3,348 2,893 3,635 1,188 21 16, 647 1,363 254 1,222 1,212 1,459 1,681 2,781 2,274 2,703 927 25 13, 668 1,041 192 1,109 1,170 1,412 1,418 2,206 2,000 2,500 797 5 NATIVE WHITE. Male. Female. 148,670 20,779 4,516 17,776 17,995 17,994 15,644 23,238 17,113 16,158 1,912 161 16,313 1,337 271 1,268 1,287 1,736 1,869 2,626 2,076 2,579 637 18 9,843 1,347 274 1,141 1,095 1,118 991 1,506 1,079 1,166 381 21 10, 161 1,039 212 1,002 1,029 1,110 996 1,525 1,356 1,721 378 6 154,695 20,606 4,379 18,037 18,321 18,882 17,006 24,496 17,646 17,189 2,613 101 16, 080 1,269 260 1,221 1,292 1,662 1,686 2,873 2,397 2,836 844 20 10,731 1,333 252 1,120 1,088 1,229 1,169 1,718 1,198 1,361 499 16 11,724 999 185 1,067 1,095 1,309 1,264 1,909 1,646 1,935 606 4 FOBEIGN-BORN WHITE. Male. Female. 62,796 436 23 1,217 1,366 2,389 6,599 15,740 13,649 17,011 4,359 40 2,960 13 2 42 39 239 497 491 489 819 321 6,749 41 1 103 141 306 781 1,388 1,198 1,309 371 21 1,771 11 1 29 32 89 146 329 339 543 253 65,648 444 39 1,188 1,363 2,674 6,691 12,398 11,642 14, 791 5,436 31 2,309 11 43 60 71 172 439 453 740 330 1,863 29 2 102 116 225 503 1,056 1,069 1,329 426 9 1,620 22 43 68 129 238 308 623 280 1 Male. 933 46 6 43 64 42 102 270 189 165 23 279 8 1 14 18 46 46 60 29 46 24 Fe- male. 840 43 11 46 66 61 105 226 164 122 18 231 16 6 11 8 20 26 36 43 59 14 1 51 1 13 2 316 314 28 34 8 7 HO 30 23 32 26 36 39 26 64 59 46 46 47 42 7 11 STATISTICS OF POPULATION. Table 14.— AGE, FOR CITIES OF 25,000 TO 500,000— Continued. 601 AGE PERIOD. Ilouut Vernon. Under 5 years Under 1 year. . , 5 to9years 10 to 14 years IS to 19 years 20 to 24 years 2S to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over. . Age unknown ITew Rocbelle.. Under 5 years. ... Under 1 year. . , 5 to 9 years 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over. Age unknown Newbnigb Under 6 years. .. Under 1 year.. 6 to 9 years 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over. . Age unknown Niagara Falls.. Under 5 years Under 1 year. . . 5 to 9 years 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 66 years and over.. Age unknown Foughkeepsle.. Under 5 years Under 1 year 5 to 9 years 10 to 14 years. 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over Age unknown — Rochester Under 5 years Under 1 year S to 9 years 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over. Age unknown Male. Female. 14,844 1,593 330 1,432 1,408 1,286 1,308 2,589 2,268 2,428 525 7 14,686 1,673 366 1,333 1,242 1,324 1,717 2,838 2,318 1,976 359 6 13,435 1,119 228 1,146 1,171 1,273 1,236 2,2'0 2,095 2,3'5 735 16 16,086 1,673 381 1,273 1,143 1,307 1,846 3,606 2,692 2,160 363 23 13,378 1,209 267 1,104 993 1,136 1,292 2,280 2,118 2,437 796 13 108,352 9,552 2,068 8,485 8,696 9,973 11,961 21,827 16,222 17,631 4,037 16,076 1,471 306 1,403 1,432 1,527 1,609 2,880 2,481 2,505 761 16 14,181 1,648 340 1,326 1,297 1,253 1,486 2,660 2,238 1,860 618 6 14,370 1,064 189 1,095 1,210 1,359 1,378 2,466 2,223 2,683 886 12 14,359 1,606 363 1,306 1,132 1,289 1,688 2,860 2,087 1,893 486 14 14,658 1,104 236 1,089 1,008 1,269 1,476 2,470 2,264 2,837 1,038 14 109,797 9,514 1,974 8,318 8,504 10, 149 11, 876 20, 849 16,019 19,074 6,426 68 NATIVE "WHITE. Male. Female. 10,360 1,626 323 1,290 1,293 1,074 865 1,407 1,246 1,377 270 3 9,326 1,464 332 1,178 1,058 994 1,065 1,371 1,103 941 168 4 10,687 1,088 219 1,081 1,101 1,167 992 1,713 1,626 1,672 431 13 9,134 1,595 374 1,093 917 877 868 1,452 1,176 1,000 137 19 10,683 1,180 260 1,048 930 981 981 1,697 1,570 1,774 513 76,643 9,266 2,039 7,682 7,740 8,247 8,206 13,762 10,010 9,999 1,690 41 11,622 1,410 297 1,247 1,296 1,214 1,013 1,747 1,620 1,649 417 9 9,083 1,429 317 1,143 1,126 922 743 1,310 1,140 1,016 252 3 11,681 1,017 184 1,046 1, 153 1,221 1,147 1,960 1,713 1,860 554 10 8,972 1,532 344 1,117 932 893 903 1,431 1,079 904 173 8 12,014 1,045 226 1,018 951 1,118 1,246 1,983 1,769 2,159 714 12 81,569 9,166 1,963 7,626 7,683 8,619 8,882 14, 717 10,724 11,717 2,495 41 FOEEIGN-BOEN WHITE. Male. Female. 4,109 30 107 97 182 401 1,082 957 1,005 247 1 4,617 23 2 . 95 125 283 572 1,282 1,091 963 182 1 2,466 16 2 36 40 89 220 494 511 756 292 2 6,796 70 5 173 220 419 970 2,116 1,469 1,130 225 4 2,382 12 2 31 42 127 282 614 491 614 267 2 31,241 262 12 774 830 1,692 3,702 7,931 6,133 7,647 2,343 27 3,920 31 1 111 114 260 512 967 783 810 327 6 4,060 27 1 115 113 238 672 1,077 921 743 263 1 2,367 16 1 34 42 104 192 440 466 757 315 2 5,268 183 195 389 771 1,398 308 6 2,152 21 1 51 37 113 191 408 427 603 300 1 27,762 314 17 770 788 1,498 2,921 6,004 5,227 7,283 2,920 27 Male. 363 37 7 35 17 30 40 92 61 41 7 3 718 96 22 60 59 46 86 176 116 69 9 1 282 16 7 26 30 17 24 62 63 43 12 151 307 17 5 26 21 28 29 65 66 48 16 2 424 24 7 29 26 34 49 114 68 78 3 Fe- male. 633 30 7 45 22 53 84 166 78 46 7 2 1,036 92 22 68 69 93 171 271 177 91 13 1 115 7 2 6 5 7 13 31 25 18 4 392 38 9 20 20 28 39 79 68 76 24 1 456 34 4 23 32 26 70 125 63 73 AGE PERIOD. Schenectady... Under 5 years Under 1 year 5to9years 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 46 to 64 years 65 years and over. Age unknown Syiacnse Under 5 years Under 1 year... 6 toOyears 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over. Age unknown Troy Under 5 years Under 1 year. . . 5 to 9 years 10 to 14years 16 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 34 years 36 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over . Age unknown Trtica Under 6 years Under 1 year. . . 6 to 9 years 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over Age unknown.. . Watertown... Under 5 years . . . Under 1 year. . 5 to 9years 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 64 years .... 65 years and over Age unknown Yonkers Under 5 years Under 1 year. . 5 to9years 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 66 years and over Age unknown... Male. Female. 38,821 3,943 786 3,367 2,803 2,897 4,340 9,040 6,466 6,022 908 46 6,029 1,311 5,440 5,340 6,982 7,649 13,288 10,820 11,440 2,736 36,387 3,011 611 2,959 2,986 3,300 3,504 6,193 5,292 6,436 1,701 7 36,367 3,583 801 3,054 3,099 3,290 3,606 6,978 5,314 5,768 1,634 43 13, 066 1,148 210 1,014 983 1,096 1,258 2,445 2,095 2,388 608 31 40, 103 4,538 1,001 3,932 3,635 3,607 4,410 7,916 6,983 5,081 982 19 34,005 3,916 764 3,211 2,761 2,783 3,626 7,107 4,956 4,489 1,242 25 68,443 5,863 1,223 5,234 5,384 6,187 7,187 12,672 10,316 12,016 3,612 41,426 2,828 687 2,941 3,077 3,875 4,352 7,681 6,618 7,837 2,306 11 38,052 3,487 776 3,002 2,938 3,644 4,136 6,767 5,383 6,683 2,074 39 13,664 1,147 263 1,014 1,026 1,166 1,373 2,619 2,022 2,460 903 35 39, 700 4,440 1,006 3,883 3,579 4,127 4,408 7,377 5,652 5,006 1,204 24 NATIVE WHITE. Male. Feinale, 27,734 3,845 779 3,129 2,496 2,393 2,901 5,483 3,864 3,071 523 29 51,217 6,882 1,293 5,060 4,949 6,081 5,393 8,806 7,244 7,399 1,366 68 27, 867 2,949 607 2,841 2,846 3,001 2,838 4,708 3,873 3,969 836 7 25, 021 3,492 796 2,747 2,662 2,528 2,200 4,064 3,235 3,326 745 32 9,727 1,107 206 936 878 894 852 1,640 1,358 1,626 412 24 25,169 4,3'2 976 3,627 3,295 2,745 2,263 3,447 2,670 2,328 414 26,128 3,832 757 2,956 2,462 2,345 2,542 4,831 3,338 3,030 778 14 64,103 5,715 1,210 4,871 5,006 5,424 5,760 9,645 7,581 8,226 1,927 60 32,848 2,777 673 2,808 2,901 3,484 3,643 6,108 4,893 6,003 1,224 7 27,730 3,384 771 2,726 2,624 2,717 2,762 4,651 3,708 4,211 1,019 10, 653 1,107 249 928 899 1,003 1,032 1,851 1,422 1,766 625 31 26,431 4,292 989 3,677 3,237 3,000 2,446 3,869 2,957 2,491 649 13 FOREIGN-BORN WHITE. Male. Female. 10,905 7,726 91 76 6 4 217 260 297 279 497 427 1,428 966 3,602 2,232 2,563 1,689 1,913 1,437 381 460 16 11 16,993 13,788 112 106 10 8 348 318 366 343 865 722 2,213 1,373 4,350 2,992 3,441 2,660 3,917 3,700 1,369 1,568 22 16 7,217 47 106 121 286 638 1,409 1,350 2,414 847 11,163 81 3 292 431 768 1,393 2,862 2,048 2,407 880 11 38 2 76 104 199 404 793 724 753 196 7 14,140 95 6 242 296 814 2,062 4,261 3,164 2,650 658 8,216 30 7 110 154 371 669 1,491 1,563 2,759 1,066 10,145 91 3 262 400 916 1,351 2,074 1,649 2,340 1,061 11 2,975 39 4 86 122 161 337 664 691 697 276 4 12,450 248 299 1,051 1,836 3,295 2,674 2,410 644 11 Male. Fe- male, 123 7 1 11 10 7 10 35 20 19 4 679 36 8 42 24 35 42 129 131 118 21 2 289 16 4 13 18 13 27 68 64 62 19 182 10 2 15 16 4 13 61 31 10 3 2 3 1 3 2 11 10 7 732 70 19 62 44 46 81 189 135 95 10 602 SUPPLEMENT FOR NEW YORK. Table 15.— AGE, FOR NEW YORK CITY, BY BOROUGHS. AGE PEIirOD. Male. Female. NATIVE WHITE. Male. Female. FOKEIGN-BOKN "WHITE. Male. Female. Male. Female. NEW rORK. Under 5 years Under 1 year 5to9years 10 to 14 years 15tol9years 20 to 24 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over Age uninown Uanbattan Borough . Under 6 years Under 1 year 5to9years lOto 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 34 years 36 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over Age unknown Bronx BoTough. Under 5 years Under 1 year 6to9years 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over Age unknown Brooklyn Boiough. Under 5 years . Under 1 year 5 to 9 years 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over Age unknown Queens Boiough . Under 5 years Under 1 year 5to9years 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over Age unknown Blehmond Borough. Under 5 years Under 1 year 5to9 years 10 to 14 years 16 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 66 years and over Age unknown 255,729 66,037 219, 110 210, 698 216, 071 251,216 473,353 357,901 332, 126 61,182 5,196 1,166,669 118, 768 27,064 97,026 93,995 104,420 133,528 247,305 178, 609 161,331 27,061 4,716 217,120 23,721 5,002 21,350 21,127 19,947 20,971 41,901 32,628 29,996 5,358 221 809,791 92, 727 19,736 81, 357 76,401 74,152 78,733 161,371 118,959 113,116 22, 777 198 114,205 16,005 3,329 14,869 14,525 13,720 13,832 25,077 21,463 20,843 3,841 40 44,707 4,508 906 4,608 4,650 3,832 4,152 7,699 6,452 6,840 2,145 21 2,384,401 251, 351 54, 487 219, 153 211, 833 241,645 280,652 448,246 334,215 321,661 74,139 1,606 1,346,892 245,060 54, 751 187,663 169, 752 150, 430 122, 408 189,634 139,438 120, 167 17,974 4,376 1,394,667 240,638 53,315 187,627 170, 404 168, 817 139, 343 201, 968 145, 962 126, 210 22, 870 987,952 7,364 458 28,989 38,653 62,883 123, 279 269,662 208, 348 205, 790 42,530 664 939,761 7,296 381 28,747 38, 781 79,060 134,003 231,608 179,800 189, 706 50, 217 634 1,164,883 117,096 26,525 97, 741 95,681 121,265 160,362 228,818 166,006 154, 232 32,491 1,191 213,860 22,983 4,644 21,112 20,110 21,180 23,633 40,639 29,476 28,219 6,368 140 824,560 91,086 19,148 80,834 77,326 81,439 89,169 147, 789 113,330 114,356 28,999 232 139,836 15,842 3,306 16,148 14,620 13,842 13,696 23,962 19, 478 18,859 4,457 32 41,262 4,344 864 4,318 4,196 3,819 3,792 7,038 6,926 5,995 1,824 11 572,871 112,302 26,272 78, 478 68, 758 61, 807 51, 204 80,301 68,783 60,089 7,035 4,114 137,062 23,064 4,921 19,580 18, 754 16, 172 13,060 20,034 13,912 11,088 1,270 138 505,921 89,651 19,383 71,289 64,469 57,196 45,651 70,654 52,298 47,096 7,529 100,284 16,669 3,288 14,099 13, 681 11, 978 9,809 14,460 10,988 8,520 1,167 23 30,754 4,374 887 4,217 4,190 3,277 ■2,694 4,185 3,467 3,374 973 13 589, 688 110,519 25,783 78,849 69, 562 66,286 69,488 83,583 60, 750 51,029 8,999 633 140,653 22,322 4,683 19,376 17,990 16,829 16,056 21,693 14,338 11,387 1,602 61 533,210 88,027 18,843 71,062 66,383 60,489 62, 161 77,145 56,620 62,129 10,111 103 101,292 15, 473 3,264 14,325 13,606 12,043 10,069 16, 165 10,796 8,452 1,343 22 29,724 4,197 842 4,026 3,874 3,170 2,5'9 4,382 3,459 3,213 815 9 561, 681 4,464 284 17, 161 23,969 40,859 78, 318 166, 787 112, 733 107,239 19,687 464 77,948 462 28 1,621 2,237 3,634 7,735 21,355 18,202 18,609 4,014 79 292,614 2,156 131 9,302 11,191 16,244 31,960 77,783 64,366 64,467 16,048 42,336 194 8 667 841 1,636 3,858 10,239 10,168 12,095 2,633 16 13,373 88 7 248 315 611 1,408 3,388 2,880 3,380 1,148 7 642,338 4,421 239 17,292 24,616 52,696 86,872 134, 778 99,544 99,678 22,994 447 70,987 456 19 1,677 1,973 4,197 8,296 18,411 14,782 16,673 4,649 73 278,742 2,115 107 8,960 11,147 19,963 36,318 67, 369 54,657 60, 673 18,545 105 36,779 218 8 687 774 1,634 3,385 8,432 8,419 10,183 3,040 7 10,906 231 271 580 1,132 2,618 2,398 2,698 42,143 3,227 814 2,401 2,246 2,660 5,110 12,660 8,333 4,732 643 131 28,024 1,943 497 1,349 1,237 1,685 3,700 9,144 5,660 2,875 316 115 1,911 190 61 149 136 140 164 443 354 262 69 4 10,245 898 221 749 729 687 1,044 2,636 1,985 1,314 193 10 1,440 150 33 111 100 104 156 332 243 203 41 1 623 46 12 43 44 44 47 105 91 78 24 1 49,566 3,449 780 2,713 2,612 3,620 7,254 14,633 8,388 5,709 1,047 141 32, 510 2,111 495 1,560 1,491 2,250 4,972 10,365 5,662 3,606 495 108 2,206 203 41 160 143 152 280 531 356 258 117 6 12,463 928 196 800 787 985 1,680 3,246 2,038 1,637 341 24 1,758 148 34 134 140 164 242 365 264 224 74 3 629 61 14 59 51 69 80 137 68 84 20 STATISTICS OF POPULATION. 603 Table 16.— MARITAL CONDITION, FOR CITIES OF 25,000 OR MORE. [Per cent not shown where base is less than 100.] MALES 15 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER. FEMALES 15 YEAE3 OF AGE AND OVER. CLASS OF POPULATION AND AGE PERIOD. Total.! Single. Married. Wid- owed. Di- vorced. Total.! Singl e. Married. Wid- owed. Di- vorced. Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. Albany Total 36,933 8,883 16,868 11,135 47 14,686 13,257 8,639 415 11,252 3,235 5,295 2,717 6 3,591 2,349 5,267 38 13,739 3,424 6,429 3,884 2 5,695 3,649 4,153 229 17,879 4,013 7,781 6,043 42 10,904 3,112 3,591 264 152,794 42,678 70,250 39,664 202 38,696 63,524 69,787 791 14,637 4,424 5,666 4,429 18 7,898 3,633 2,856 239 11,767 3,201 6,192 3,332 42 3,691 2,669 5,464 42 9,021 2,406 3,659 2,950 6 4,686 2,405 1,699 229 15,546 8,014 6,059 1,460 13 6,769 6,244 2,340 171 4,443 2,750 1,601 192 42.1 90.2 35.9 13.1 46.4 47.1 27.1 41.2 39.6 85.0 28.3 7.1 19,087 787 10,390 7,895 16 7,047 6,360 5,460 208 6,369 480 3,689 2,196 4 2,057 1,089 3,192 29 7,576 418 4,160 2,996 2 3,224 1,761 2,478 107 10,431 606 5,380 4,436 10 6,484 1,529 2,280 133 83,284 4,129 47,746 31,357 52 18,363 24,319 40,178 366 7,628 429 3,815 3,379 6 4,467 1,423 1,645 89 6,866 383 3,697 2,773 13 2,334 1,055 3,452 24 6,058 220 2,502 2,333 3 2,567 1,228 1,148 113 61.7 8.9 61.6 70.9 48.3 48.0 63.2 50.1 66.6 14.8 69.7 80.8 57.3 46.4 60.6 66.1 12.2 64.7 77.1 2,072 11 335 1,716 10 665 678 807 32 419 3 93 322 1 156 67 194 2 681 2 133 546 79 2 43 34 41 22 12 4 19 2 10 7 11 6 2 42 2 19 21 40,813 9,785 18,171 12,816 41 16,219 15,403 8,741 445 12,122 3,972 5,048 3,094 8 4,323 2,955 4,793 51 13,276 3,288 5,612 4,371 6 5,914 3,994 3,173 195 20,194 4,935 8,475 6,762 22 12,578 3,904 3,440 271 151,215 44,428 66,481 40,174 132 38,314 59,617 52,663 696 14,712 3,627 6,241 4,823 21 8,546 3,762 2,205 199 11,860 3,140 5,056 3,630 26 4,200 2,990 4,616 42 10,338 2,830 4,206 3,297 5 5,719 2,854 1,547 218 15,928 7,944 6,011 1,965 8 7,087 6,866 1,826 146 4,575 2,937 1,315 320 3 1,631 1,491 1,446 7 4,423 2,498 1,432 492 1 2,001 1,737 620 65 6,830 3,714 2,273 838 6 4,066 1,764 924 76 52,939 34,176 15,051 3,677 36 16,751 26,567 9,387 223 5,102 2,872 1,714 508 8 2,845 1,811 391 55 3,649 2,285 1,080 276 8 1,208 1,526 900 14 3,853 2,372 1,145 336 39.0 81.2 33.1 15.3 43.7 44.6 20.9 32.8 37.7 73.9 26.0 10.3 37.7 50.6 30.2 33.3 76.0 25.6 11.3 33.8 43.5 19.5 33.3 33.8 75.3 26.8 12.4 32.3 45.2 26.9 28.0 35.0 76.9 22.6 9.2 26.6 43.7 44.6 17.8 32.0 34.7 79.2 27.5 10.5 33.3 48.1 17.7 27.6 30.8 72.8 21.4 7.6 28.8 61.0 19.5 37.3 83.8 27.2 10.2 19,196 1,749 11,124 6,313 9 7,215 6,978 4,786 214 6,224 1,025 3,481 1,715 3 2,111 1,245 2,836 33 6,999 775 3,867 2,364 3 3,035 1,907 1,966 101 10,500 1,197 5,668 3,629 6 6,634 1,758 1,974 133 81,424 9,971 47,944 23,469 60 18,049 28,284 34,718 363 7,664 738 4,174 2,648 4 4,506 1,621 1,339 98 6,731 801 3,711 2,207 12 2,318 1,285 3,104 23 5,076 446 2,805 1,822 3 2,620 1,342 997 117 47.0 17.9 61.2 49.3 44.5 45.3 54.8 48.1 51.3 25.8 69.0 55.4 48.8 42.1 59.1 52.7 23.6 68.9 63.9 51.3 47.7 61.6 61.8 62.0 24.3 66.9 53.7 62.7 45.0 57.4 49.1 53.8 22.4 72.1 58.4 37.9 47.1 47.5 66.9 62.2 51.4 20.3 66.9 64.9 62.7 43.1 60.7 49.2 56.8 25.6 73.4 60.8 65.2 43.0 67.2 49.1 15.8 66.7 55.3 45.8 47.0 64.4 63.7 6,469 32 929 4,496 12 1,803 1,483 2,101 82 1,293 7 229 1,066 1 556 218 510 11 1,809 9 284 1,615 860 338 594 27 2,722 8 457 2,253 4 1,760 369 636 68 16,112 112 3,129 12,853 18 3,213 4,407 8,381 107 1,961 10 305 1,642 4 1,131 320 469 41 1,349 10 216 1,120 4 617 137 591 4 1,359 5 230 1,122 2 708 293 328 30 132 15 to 24 years 10 35 to 44 years 85 45 years and over 36 Age im3aiown 1 Native white — Native parentage . . . 67 Native white— Foreign or mixed par 45 17 Negro 3 Amsterdam Total 26 15 to 24 years 23 45 years and over . 3 Agft-iinVnown 1,365 1,187 1,879 7 5,436 3,002 2,115 319 38.0 50.5 35.7 39.6 87.7 32.9 8.2 21 Native white— Foreign or mixed par 3 3 Auburn Total 43 15 to 24 years 4 29 10 Native white — Native parentage 2,133 1,760 1,425 112 6,416 3,390 2,191 826 9 3,785 1,446 1,078 106 63,132 38,367 21,155 3,565 56 18,716 27,666 16,354 362 6,081 3,991 1,717 366 7 2,961 1,993 990 130 4,360 2,757 1,388 197 8 1,154 1,439 1,743 14 3,511 2,183 1,088 238 2 1,902 1,094 412 103 37.5 48.2 34.3 48.9 35.9 84.6 28.2 13.7 34.7 46.4 30.0 39.8 41.3 89.9 30.1 9.0 27.2 48.5 51.7 27.4 45.8 41.8 90.2 30.3 8.3 37.6 56.4 34.7 54.4 37.0 86.1 26.7 6.9 31.3 66.0 31.9 38.9 90.7 29.7 8.1 40.6 46.5 24.2 45.0 56.6 48.3 69.7 46.7 68.3 16.1 69.1 73.4 69.6 49.1 63.5 50.4 64.5 9.7 68.0 79.1 25.7 47.6 45.4 67.2 46.3 52.6 9.7 67.3 76.3 309 117 244 10 892 6 156 729 2 539 123 212 18 6,684 32 1,066 4,585 , 2 1,170 1,359 3,101 53 783 3 109 671 27 9 6 81 3 42 36 66 11 3 1 306 11 179 116 122 90 86 8 38 1 24 13 28 Native white— Foreign or mixed par 11 2 2 Blnghamton Total 114 9 25 to 44 years -• 68 37 Native white— Native parentage Native white— Foreign or mixed par 100 3 4 2 Buffalo Total 456 28 276 151 1 Wativp white — Native narentaffe 172 Native white— Foreign or mixed par — 166 117 1 Elmlra Total 79 6 43 25 56.6 40.3 57.6 37.2 68.3 12.0 71.2 83.2 63.2 41.1 63.2 66.1 9.1 68.4 79.1 432 114 218 19 427 4 74 348 1 163 31 230 3 420 2 64 364 31 3 3 1 39 2 23 14 24 6 8 1 26 1 12 13 5S Native white— Foreign or mixed par. . . . 10 6 5 Jamestown Total 63 4 37 22 44 Native white— Foreign or mixed par — 7 11 1 Kingston Total 36 1 23 12 54.8 51.1 67.6 49.3 198 76 134 12 16 7 4 2,354 1,213 220 66 41.2 42.5 14.2 30.3 27 Native white— Foreign or mixed par — 5 i 1 Total includes persons whose marital condition is unknown. 604 SUPPLEMENT FOR NEW YORK. Table 16.— MARITAL CONDITION, FOR CITIES OF 25,000 OR MORE— Continued. C1A3S or POPULATION AND AGE PERIOD. Mount Veinon Total 15 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 years and over Age untcno^vn Native white — Native parentage Native wMte — Foreign or mixed par. Foreign-bom white Negro New Bocbelle Total 15 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 years and over Age unknown Native white — Native parentage Native wliite— Foreign or mixed par . Foreign-bom white Negro New York Total 15 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 years and over Age unknown Native white— Native parentage Native white — Foreign or mixed par. Foreign-bom white Negro MANHATTAN BOBOUGH Total 15 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 years and over - Age unknowii Native white — Native parentage Native white— Foreign or mixed par. Foreign-born white Negro BRONX BOROUGH Total 15 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 years and over Age unknown Native white— Native parentage Native white — Foreign or mixed par. Foreign-bom white Negro BROOKLTN BOROUGH Total 15 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 years and over. Age unicnown Native white— Native parentage Native wliite — Foreign or mixed par. . Foreign-bom white Negro QUEENS BOROUGH Total 15 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 years and over Age unknown Native white — Native parentage Native white — Foreign or mixed par. Foreign-bom white Negro RICHMOND BOROUGH Total 15 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 years and over. Age unknown Native white — Native parentage Native white — Foreign or mixed par. Foreign-born white Negro MALES 15 YEARS OP AGE AND OVER. Total.' 10,411 2,594 4,867 2,953 7 3,514 2,727 3,875 274 10,638 3,041 5,156 2,335 3,091 2,545 4,374 503 1,697,045 467,287 831,254 393,308 5,196 286,961 457,466 913,046 34,269 856,870 237,948 425,814 188,392 4,716 118,625 194,708 516,087 23,495 150,922 40,918 74,429 35,354 221 25,949 49,713 73,628 1,436 559,306 152,885 270,330 135,893 198 111,312 169,200 269,965 7,869 98,806 27,552 46,630 24, 684 40 22,069 34,876 40,644 1,079 31,141 7,984 14, 161 8,985 21 9,006 8,967 12,722 390 Single. Number. 3,722 36.8 2,360 91.0 1,139 23.5 222 7.5 1 1,404 40.0 1,265 46.0 951 24.5 102 37.2 4,536 2,816 1,515 204 1 1,511 1,400 1,447 160 711,954 419,771 248,825 42,641 717 139, 117 257,869 298,096 13,335 380, 758 213,642 141,731 24,942 643 58,091 119,271 191, 173 9,472 68,700 36,954 18,963 2,723 70 12,806 26, 177 19,140 460 221,687 137, 163 72,628 11,921 76 53, 681 90,593 74,015 2,869 37,735 24,794 11,209 1,714 18 10,384 17,095 9,767 395 13,074 7,318 4,404 1,341 11 4,165 4,733 4,011 139 Per cent. 43.0 92.6 29.4 8.7 48.9 55.0 33.1 31.8 29.9 10.8 13.8 48.5 56.4 32.6 44.4 89.7 33.3 13.2 11.5 49.0 61.3 37.0 40.3 38.9 90.3 25.5 7.7 31.7 49.4 62.7 26.0 32.0 39.6 37.9 48.2 53.5 27.4 36.5 38.2 90.0 24.1 47.1 49.0 24.0 36.6 42.0 91.7 31.1 14.9 46.1 52.8 31.5 35.6 Married. Number. 6,302 228 3,641 2,429 4 1,964 1,401 2,770 156 6,651 220 3,566 1,863 2 1,477 1,091 2,754 322 912,366 45,656 564,889 301,354 467 131,741 186,309 574,460 19, 196 438,109 23,009 274,506 140,270 324 51, 195 69,023 303,874 12,885 86,406 3,815 54, 116 28,436 12, 187 22,263 51,009 883 314, 264 15,471 192,358 106,340 35 63,019 73, 196 183,062 4,673 57,167 2,722 34,452 19,970 13 11,003 16,911 28,579 633 16,440 639 9,457 6,338 6 4,337 3,926 7,936 222 Per cent. 60.6 8.8 75.0 55.9 51.4 71.5 56.9 53.6 7.2 69.2 79.8 47.8 42.9 63.0 64.0 68.0 76.6 9.0 45.9 40.5 62.9 56.0 61.1 9.7 64.5 74.5 6.9 43.2 35.4 58.9 54.8 67.3 9.3 72.7 80.4 17.6 47.0 44.8 69.3 61.5 66.2 10.1 71.2 78.3 42.9 47.6 43.3 67.8 58.1 67.8 74.0 80.9 49.9 48.5 70.3 68.7 62.8 8.0 66.8 70.5 48.2 43.8 62.4 66.9 Wid- owed. Di- vorced. 70 298 1 136 66 162 15 312 1 68 253 90 43 163 16 62,451 429 14,337 47,601 84 10,703 12,760 37,364 1,540 29,486 200 7,218 22,015 53 4,502 5,429 18,523 979 6,316 31 1,165 4,107 13 788 1,121 3,317 87 22,297 169 4,874 17,261 13 4,274 5,0S9 12,511 3,779 27 807 2,941 4 642 834 2,253 1,573 12 273 1,287 1 497 287 760 28 3,079 67 1,794 1,214 4 756 1,239 101 1,911 42 1,132 733 4 416 822 74 179 3 111 65 847 19 483 345 295 249 280 21 107 3 61 53 35 FEMALES 15 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER. 11,769 3,136 5,361 3,266 16 4,223 3,446 3,664 436 10,010 2,739 4,898 2,368 5 2,843 2,643 3,805 817 1,702,064 522, 197 782,461 395,800 1,606 296,565 499,433 864,927 40,792 854,366 271,627 394,824 186,723 1,191 119,791 210,977 496,009 27,348 149,655 44,813 70, 115 34,587 140 26, 194 54,772 66,981 1,700 676,314 170, 608 261,119 143,355 232 120, 288 188,460 256,620 9,950 94,326 27,538 43,440 23,316 32 21,849 36,040 35, 100 1,336 28,404 7,611 12,963 7,819 11 8,443 9,184 10,317 468 Single. Number. 4,234 2,553 1,290 385 1,665 1,428 949 192 3,485 2,082 1,114 286 3 1,023 1,142 1,021 298 617,885 399,610 176,074 41,681 129,668 243,857 231,066 13, 174 331,001 208,876 99,643 22,026 456 52,399 112,610 167, 110 8,800 49,641 33,963 12,758 2,764 56 11,638 24,919 12,487 493 198,512 129,958 54,048 14,420 53,081 87, 796 54,362 3,251 29,260 20,808 6,817 1,618 17 9,163 14,557 5,080 459 9,571 5,905 2,808 853 .5 3,387 3,976 2,037 171 Per cent. 36.0 81.4 24.1 11.8 39.4 41.4 25.9 44.0 34.8 76.0 22.7 12.1 36.0 44.9 26.8 36.5 36.3 76.5 22.5 10.5 38.6 43.7 48.8 26.7 32.3 38.7 76.9 25.2 11.8 38.3 43.7 53.4 31.7 32.2 33.1 75.8 18.2 8.0 40.0 44.4 45.5 18.6 29.0 34.5 76.2 20.7 10.1 37.1 44.1 46.6 21.2 32.7 31.0 75.6 15.7 6.9 41.9 40.4 14.5 34.4 33.7 77.6 21.7 10.9 40.1 43.3 19.7 37.3 Married. Number. 6,138 572 3,818 1,745 3 2,065 1,729 2,168 176 6,438 641 3,521 1,275 1 1,473 1,240 2,336 119,570 557,656 215,236 507 134,222 216,223 521,855 20,466 424,856 60,609 266,314 '97,574 359 51,957 80,668 278,398 13,688 86,005 10,612 54,129 20,217 47 12,491 26,255 45,328 927 311,471 40,032 192,771 78,579 54,538 85,355 166,540 4,985 66,000 6,637 34,867 14, 495 11 11,056 19,417 24,884 643 15,637 1,680 9,585 4,371 4,180 4,628 6,706 223 Per cent. Wid- . owed. 62.2 18.2 71.2 53.6 60.2 59.2 40.4 64.3 23.4 71.9 53.8 51.8 61.4 47.6 62.6 22.9 71.3 54.4 31.6 45.3 43.3 60.3 50.2 49.7 22.3 67.5 62.3 30.1 43.4 38.2 56.1 50.1 66.8 23.7 77.2 68.5 33.6 47.7 47.9 67.7 54.5 64.1 23.5 73.8 54.8 38.4 45.3 45.3 64.9 50.1 59.4 24.1 80.2 62.2 50.6 53.9 70.9 48.1 65.1 22.1 73.9 55.9 49.5 49.3 65.0 48.7 Di- vorced. 1,369 4 246 1,113 6 481 282 640 1,057 8 247 801 1 341 157 441 118 183,897 1,675 44,673 137,424 225 30,650 37,368 109,014 6,844 93,390 944 26,059 66,230 157 14,056 16,444 58,268 4,612 14,602 93 2,973 11,511 25 1,943 3,403 8,983 273 63,812 444 13,394 49,937 37 12,202 14,836 35,098 1,665 8,935 72 1,699 7,162 2 1,592 2,014 5,097 232 3,168 22 548 2,584 4 857 671 1,568 62 19 2 11 22 1 16 6 3 3 le 6,213 394 3,574 1,234 11 1,617 1,319 2,079 206 3,44S 267 2,443 731 7 1,068 768 1,460 159 21 196 70 2 71 103 110 5 1,336 92 855 387 2 430 405 462 39 107 10 37 31 43 32 2 33 4 20 9 1 Total includes persons whose marital condition is unknown. Table 16. STATISTICS OF POPULATION. -MARITAL CONDITION, FOR CITIES OF 25,000 OR MORE— Continued. 605 CLASS OF POPtTLATION AND AGE PERIOD. MAIES 15 TEAES OP AGE AND OVEB. Total. 1 Number. Single. Per cent. Married. Number. Per cent. Wid- owed. Di- vorced. FEMALES 15 TEAES OF AGE AND OVEB. Total.i Single. Number. Per cent. Married. Number. Per cent. Wid- owed. Di- vorced. ITewboigh Total..., 15 to 24 years 25 to 44 years ^ 45 years and over Age unknown Native white — Native parentage Native white — Foreign or mixed par. Foreign-born white Negro Klagara Falls Total 15 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 years and over Age unknown Native white — Native parentage Native wliite — Foreign or mixed par. Foreign-born white Negro Ponglikeepsie Total 15 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 years and over Age imknown Native white — Native parentage Native white — Foreigner mixed par. Foreign-bom white Negro Kochestei Total 15 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 years and over Age unknown , Native white — Native parentage Native white — Foreign or mixed par. Foreign-born white Negro Schenectady Total 15 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 years and over Age unknown , Native white — Native parentage Native white — Foreign or mixed par. Foreign-bom white Negro Syracuse Total 15 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 years and over Age unknown Native white— Native parentage Native white — Foreign or mixed par. Foreign-bom white Negro Troy Total 15 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 years and over Age unknown Native white — Native parentage Native white — Foreign or mixed par. Foreign-bom wliite Negro TTtlca Total 15 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 years and over Age imknown Native white— Native parentage Native white— Foreign or mixed par. Foreign-bom white Negro 9,999 2,509 4,365 3,110 15 4,751 2,663 2,364 211 11,997 3,153 6,2Sg 2,523 23 2,894 2,635 6,333 130 10,072 2,428 4,398 3,233 13 5,192 2,333 2,297 244 81,719 21,934 38,049 21,668 68 25,079 26,876 29,375 346 28,718 7,237 15,606 5,930 45 12,143 6,121 10,300 95 51,997 13, 631 24,108 14, 176 82 20,709 14,627 16, 167 478 26,432 6,804 11,485 8,136 7 9,902 9,329 6,944 243 26,631 6,896 12,292 7,400 43 8,396 7,734 10,359 141 3,876 2,202 1,351 319 4 1,838 1,379 574 4,778 2,749 1,789 236 4 1,253 1,266 2,203 53 3,714 2,165 1,245 333 1 1,966 1,038 650 84 33,314 19, 677 11,557 2,050 11,259 12,948 8,943 138 11,815 6,379 4,837 677 22 5,157 2,974 3,621 27 26,323 11, 970 7,127 1,193 8,293 6,886 4,944 192 11,299 6,211 4,123 962 4,487 4,876 1,841 10, 586 6,101 3,736 740 9 3,681 3,606 3,241 68 38.8 87.8 31.0 10.3 38.7 51.8 24.3 37.9 39.8 87.2 28.4 9.4 43.3 48.0 34.8 40.8 37.2 89.2 28.3 10.3 37.9 44.5 28.3 34.4 40.8 89.7 30.4 9.5 44.9 48.2 30.4 39.9 41.1 88.1 31.2 9.7 42.5 48.6 35.2 39.1 87.8 29.6 8.4 40.0 47.1 30.6 40.2 42.7 91.3 35.9 11.8 45.3 62.3 26.6 36.2 88.6 30.4 10.0 43.8 46.6 31.3 41.1 5,461 218 2,900 2,337 6 2,602 1,164 1,691 109 6,744 397 4,360 1,981 6 1,611 1,274 5,608 251 2,966 2,388 3 2,902 1,113 1,448 145 44,537 2,170 25,620 16,730 17 12,709 12,984 18,641 187 15,835 821 10,377 4,619 18 6,490 2,985 6,274 64 29,075 1,477 16,410 11, 169 11,338 7,229 10,254 250 13,509 674 7,081 6,863 1 4,933 4,080 4,361 129 14,642 779 8,309 6,642 12 4,238 3,822 6,509 72 64.6 8.7 66.4 75.1 54.8 43.3 67.3 61.7 56.2 12.6 69.2 78.5 62.2 48.3 61.6 49.2 66.7 10.3 67.4 73.9 66.9 47.7 63.0 59.4 61.6 9.9 67.3 77.2 60.7 48.3 63.5 54.0 55.1 11.3 66.9 77.9 53.4 48.8 60.9 65.9 10.8 68.1 78.7 54.7 49.4 63.4 52.3 51.1 8.4 61.7 71.9 49.8 43.7 62.8 63.1 55.0 11.3 67.6 74.9 60.5 49.4 62.8 61.1 633 3 439 3 190 15 108 3 116 213 10 666 97 464 304 76 174 13 3,166 13 685 2,765 3 948 797 1,701 19 957 8 244 2,161 16 408 1,726 1 840 399 881 28 1,619 2 260 1,296 1 446 356 726 22 1,283 6 196 1,077 5 414 280 578 11 114 217 3 142 102 702 28 3 429 42 142 10 381 18 4 118 6 84 69 11,011 2,737 4,693 3,669 12 5,310 3,156 2,276 270 10,316 2,977 4,947 2,378 14 2,591 2,800 4,824 11,357 2,734 4,734 3,875 14 6,195 2,805 2,043 314 83,461 22,026 36,868 24,600 26,308 30,887 25,880 366 21,127 6,308 12,063 5,731 25 10,827 6,051 7,122 127 51,972 13, 374 22,988 15,628 82 21,466 17,046 13,021 434 32,580 8,227 14,199 10,143 11 12,307 12,065 7,921 28,625 7,779 12,150 8,657 9,686 9,511 9,392 135 1,020 2,122 1,388 604 6 1,978 1,649 392 101 3,123 1,978 926 215 5 1,202 1,018 14 3,998 2,093 1,344 657 4 2,284 1,273 343 30,252 17, 177 9,866 3,182 27 10,754 13,774 5,691 124 6,570 4,366 1,798 3,232 2,237 1,063 38 17, 198 10,220 6,401 1,542 35 7,541 7,231 2,299 124 14, 110 6,989 6,434 1,684 3 6,623 6,427 1,966 10, 586 5,998 3,362 1,220 16 4,110 4,209 2,230 36 36.6 6,176 77.6 632 29.6 3,041 14.1 1,901 2 37.3 49.1 17.2 37.4 30.3 66.4 18.7 9.0 42.9 21.1 36.2 76.6 28.4 14.4 45.4 16.8 31.2 36.2 78.0 40.9 44.6 21.6 33.9 27.2 69.1 14.9 7.1 29.9 37.0 14.9 29.9 33.1 76.4 23.6 9.9 36.1 42.4 17.7 28.6 13.3 86.0 46.7 63.3 24.8 31.8 37.0 77.1 27.6 14.1 42.9 44.3 23.7 26.7 2,622 1,297 1,442 115 6,080 973 3,761 1,340 1,446 1,396 3,178 59 6,732 616 3,135 1,978 3 2,970 1,293 1,311 168 13,127 4,699 26,243 13,467 18 12,634 14,534 16,054 198 16,180 1,916 9,769 3,490 16 6,379 3,427 5,308 66 28,201 2,963 16,307 8,910 24 11, 079 8,388 8,497 239 13,709 1,194 7,860 4,654 1 5,089 4,408 4,066 146 11,360 1,746 8,168 4,439 7 4,351 4,318 5,614 76 19.7 19.4 64.8 53.3 49.4 41.1 63.4 42.6 68.9 32.7 76.0 56.3 55.8 49.9 65.9 60.5 22.5 66.2 51.0 47.9 46.1 64.2 50.3 62.0 21.3 68.5 56.0 48.0 47.1 62.0 54.1 62.9 30.4 80.9 60.9 58.9 66.6 74.5 52.0 51.3 22.2 70.9 57.4 61.6 49.2 66.3 55.1 12.1 14.6 65.4 45.9 61.3 49.3 60.2 22.4 67.2 61.3 45.4 46.4 59.8 66.3 1,387 10 227 1,148 2 646 269 433 49 1,070 15 242 811 2 241 191 614 23 1,567 9 231 1,326 1 232 382 67 9,332 65 1,620 7,727 20 2,720 2,428 4,140 40 2,261 18 440 1,801 2 1,139 368 733 21 6,063 33 1,059 4,967 14 2,543 1,287 2,164 1,638 19 841 3,776 2 1,621 1,190 1,872 55 3,616 15 565 2,939 7 1,055 919 1,520 22 4 13 11 1 15 11 2 1 31 5 19 ID 10 10 12 2 32 6 16 10 320 22 194 104 65 2 91 6 60 61 15 16 2 211 11 153 77 153 61 25 2 SI 3 58 23 49 23 11 1 135 11 71 S3 57 66 22 1 Total Includes persons whose marital condition Is unknown. 606 SUPPLEMENT FOR NEW YORK. Table 16.— MARITAL CONDITION, FOR CITIES OF 25,000 OR MORE— Continued. CLASS OF POPULATION AOT) AGE PEEIOD. Watertown Total 15 to 24 years 26 to 44 years 45 years and over Age unknown Native white — Native parentage Native white— Foreign or mixed par. Foreign-bom white Negro Yonkers Total 15 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 years and over Age unknown Native white — Native parentage Native white — Foreign or mixed par. Foreign-horn white Negro MALES 15 YEAES OF AGE AND OVEE. Total.i 9,921 2,354 4,540 2,996 31 4,721 2,085 3,076 27,998 8,017 13,899 6,063 19 6,731 7,144 13,507 656 Single. Number. 3,192 1,920 1,038 187 7 1,507 812 820 11 11,425 7,126 3,801 489 10 2,796 3,981 4,413 192 Per cent. 31.8 81.6 22.9 6.2 31.9 38.9 26.7 40.8 88.9 27.3 8.1 41.5 55.7 32.7 34.5 Married. Number. 6,135 339 3,360 2,418 18 2,919 1,151 2,043 . 18 15,622 879 9,813 4,825 5 3,661 2,967 8,550 Per cent. 61.8 14.4 74.0 55.4 11.0 70.6 79.6 54.2 41.5 63.3 61.0 Wid- owed. 466 6 80.7 371 61.8 227 65.2 91 66.4 144 3 1,006 266 736 262 189 529 25 Di- vorced. FEMALES 15 YEAES OF AGE AND OVEE. Total.' 10,477 2,538 4,541 3,363 35 5,127 2,592 2,729 29 27,798 8,635 13,029 6,210 24 7,163 8,162 11,821 651 Single. Number. 3,078 1,754 980 336 8 571 5 10,265 6,620 3,034 697 4 2,933 4,109 2,999 214 Per cent. 29.4 69.1 21.6 10.0 31.3 34.7 20.9 36.9 76.4 23.3 11.2 40.9 60.3 25.4 32.9 Married. Number. 6,041 7U 3,340 1,972 18 2,876 1,401 1,747 17 14,720 1,973 9,298 3,441 3,519 3,518 7,344 338 Per cent. 67.7 28.0 73.6 68.6 56.1 54.1 64.0 63.0 23.1 71.4 66.4 49.1 43.1 62.1 61.9 Wid- owed. 7 187 688 262 378 7 2,740 32 662 2,053 3 673 522 1,463 92 Di- vorced' 45 4 28 13 27 11 7 52 1 36 15 21 9 16 6 1 Total includes persons whose marital condition is unknown. Table 17.— INDIAN, CHINESE, AND JAPANESE POPULATION FOR PRINCIPAL COUNTIES. INDIAN. CHINESE. JAPANESE. COUNTY. nroiAN. CHINESE. JAPANESE. 1910 1900 1890 1910 1900 1890 1910 1900 1890 1910 1900 1890 1910 1900 1890 1910 1900 1890 The state 6,046 11 1,013 1 83 8 4 1 5,257 iiioi" 19 27 5' 6,044 2 5 6 24 27 7 5,266 35 1 3 4 9 10 8 14 66 2 30 4 7,170 24 6 3 15 12 9 15 13 99 4 37 2,935 21 6 14 7 4 1,247 6 354 148 1 Nassau 10 194 397 42 543 12 3 43 3,661 4 "'ii' 29 115 13 49 10 4 7 66 7 37 3 2 1 163 38 39 4,894 6 3 32 44 146 34 75 18 8 14 20 2 2 74 13 4 2 183 74 'i'oro 6 6 20 22 23 11 17 7 9" 7 19 781 6 175 24 347 29 478 i' 1 52 6 62 22 7 30 3 51 9 6 ""i Oneida 7 4 17 34 3 12 6 1 5 5 '"'i' 1 6 1 Chautauqua Chemung 1 3 2 Orange , , Columbia 2 11 46 1 1 15 1 Rensselaer Dutchess 1 1,265 2 1,262 347 26 3 8 17 8 1 8 6 1 3 5 Tt.iRhTTlnTid 11 1 Erie 1,170 Bockland St. Lawrence Saratoga 81 25 3 10 4 1 "ies' 1 37 11 '""lY 17 25 1 13 1 60 """42" 4 46 Franklin 1,388 439 21 8 33 146 "■4" X Hamilton Schoharie Herkimer 4 6 799 11 12 1,206 4 4 549 1 "Mo' Schuyler 11 246 1 17 4 13 23 1 9 1 2 3 74 64 Jefferson 42 6 5 7 7 26 62 33 3 84 23 1 94 ""■74 Suffolk 11 2 7 Ulster Ijewis Warren 1 14 60 34 2 2 22 4 ""is 2 4 10 3 1 14 Wayne Madison . . 1 4 ..... Westchester Remainder of state. 66 10 14 14 7 1 Includes 5,318 Indians specially enumerated in 1890, not distributed by counties. PROPOETION OF FOEEIGIST-BOEN WHITE AND NATIVE WHITE OF FOREIGN OR MIXED PARENTAGE OF NEW YORK, BY COUNTIES : 1910. PER CENT OF FOREIGN-BORN WHITE IN TOTAL POPULATION. I I Less than 6 per cent. nm 6 to 10 per cent. ""1 10 to 15 per cent. J 15 to 25 per cent. I 25 to 35 per cent. .^J 35 to 50 per cent. SB 50 per cent and over. PER CENT OF NATIVE WHITE OF FOREIGN OR MIXED PARENTAGE IN TOTAL POPULATION. I I Less than 5 per cent. fim 5 to 10 per cent. 10 to 15 per cent. 15 to 25 per cent. 25 to 35 per cent. i 35 to 60 per cent. 50 per cent and over. (607) 608 SUPPLEMENT FOR NEW YORK. Table I.— COMPOSITION AND CHARACTERISTICS OP THE [Per cent not shown where base is less than 100. The State. Albany. AUegany. Broome. Cattarau- gus. Cayuga. Chautau- qua. Chemung. Chenango. Clinton. 9,113,614 173,666 41,412 78,809 65,919 67,106 105,126 54,662 36,575 48,230 7,268,894 165,571 41,501 69,149 66,643 66,234 88,314 54,063 36,568 47,430 16,003,174 164,565 43,240 62,973 60,866 65,302 76,202 48,265 37,776 46,437 5,082,871 164,890 41,810 49,483 65,806 65,081 65,342 43,066 39,891 50,897 4,382,759 133,062 40,814 44,103 43,909 59,660 59,327 35,281 40,564 47,947 1,844,720 8,095 -89 9,660 276 872 16,812 599 -993 800 25.4 4.9 -0.2 14.0 0.4 1.3 19.0 1.1 -2.7 1.7 1,265,720 1,016 -1,739 6,176 2 2,796 932 a 13, 081 2 1?. 4 5,798 -1,208 993 21.1 0.6 -4.0 9.8 2 4.6 1.4 12.0 -3.2 2.1 47,654 627 1,047 706 1,343 703 1,069 407 894 1,049 191.2 329.6 39.6 111.8 49.1 95.5 98.3 134.3 39.8 46.0 40.5 54.8 35.4 37.7 33.8 46.1 42.9 36.3 31.5 35.4 7,185,494 144,773 4,382 52,218 20,636 34,668 59,300 39,908 7,422 11,138 5,352,283 137,152 3,556 42,758 15,262 30,346 43,009 37.9 37,435 5,766 8,434 34.3 5.6 23.2 22.1 34.6 14.2 6.6 28.7 32.1 1,928,120 28,893 37,030 26,591 46,384 32,438 46,826 14,754 28,153 37,092 1,916,611 28,419 37,945 26,391 50,381 35,889 46,305 16,628 30,802 38,996 0.6 1.7 -2.4 0.8 -9.9 -9.6 1.1 -11.3 -8.6 -4.9 5,298,111 137,152 3,666 42,768 13,713 - 30,345 38,635 35,672 ,S'™ 8,434 1,970,783 28,419 37,945 26,391 51,930 35,889 49,679 18,391 30,802 38,996 78.8 83.4 10.6 eas 31.2 51.7 56.4 73.0 20.9 23.1 72.9 82.8 8.6 61.8 20.9 45.8 43.7 66.0 15.8 17.8 8,966,845 172,392 41,086 78,071 64,572 66,432 104,870 64,049 35,378 47,965 7,m,881 164,013 41,146 68,612 64,196 66,532 88,124 63,162 36,366 47,278 >S, 923, 965 163,122 4^,900 62,332 60,606 64,721 76,022 V.Ui 37,474 46,291 134, 191 1,222 325 725 333 661 169 593 196 251 99JSI 1,634 363 833 SS7 676 148 897 212 tS8 70,092 1 409 331 631 249 661 148 793 297 139 103,583 930 158 502 168 548 94 396 162 106 30,608 292 167 223 165 113 75 197 34 146 12,578 52 1 13 1,014 13 87 20 1 14 3,230,325 79,899 33,337 66,911 42,246 40,467 51,791 36,469 30,366 30,055 i, 861, 61$ 72,639 32,998 62,489 41,669 40,877 47,721 36,147 31,313 26,246 3,007,248 59,781 5,650 12,402 14,970 16,979 29,777 11,437 3,208 12,664 S, 416, 846 69,888 6,781 10,880 14. 860 16,167 22,876 11,619 S,S81 14,937 2,241,837 41,245 3,101 8,208 9,566 10,459 21,738 7,888 1,719 6,333 765, 411 18,536 2,449 4,194 5,404 6,620 8,039 3,649 1,489 6,221 2,729,272 32,712 2,199 8,758 7,357 9,996 23,302 6,163 1,814 5,356 1,889,623 31,486 2,367 5,143 7,777 8,488 17,628 6,386 1,661 6,096 35.4 46.0 80.5 72.2 64.1 60.3 49.3 66.7 85.3 62.3 39.2 43.9 79.6 75.9 63.3 61.7 64.0 65.0 85.6 66.3 33.0 34.4 13.4 16.7 22.7 23.8 28.3 20.9 9.0 26.0 33. B 36.2 13.9 16.7 22.6 24.4 25.9 21.6 9.2 SI. 6 29.9 18.8 5.3 11.1 11.2 14.9 22.2 11.3 6.1 11.1 28.0 19.0 6.7 7-4 11.8 12.8 19.8 11.8 4.6 12.9 1.5 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.5 1.0 0.2 1.1 0.6 0.5 1-4 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.6 1.0 0.2 1.7 0.6 0.3 244,995 2,569 40 578 360 1,605 773 420 4 75 24,563 3,269 19 66 62 141 63 29 8 2,354 98,079 1,059 229 260 569 633 993 245 100 992 12,536 110 7 26 32 20 376 17 21 9 146,468 2,649 267 661 452 1,876 2,060 465 247 216 8,759 26 2 6 1 2 28 1 6 23,436 170 6 33 22 29 77 23 18 36 436,874 5,979 495 809 2,611 941 3,826 1,359 206 193 10,097 103 17 76 41 22 49 17 1 8 12,650 340 18 16 9 18 362 11 9 12 96,841 367,877 461 7,237 9 60S 1,931 2,107 104 1,075 74 2,308 74 837 67 1,441 20 475 460 472, 192 3,780 262 845 803 1,718 3,492 971 469 322 26,012 104 1 22 8 10 59 14 28 16 34,441 658,952 51 3,040 4 70 7 903 1 338 1 274 13 565 13 667 16 26 447 39,429 726 36 153 135 247 168 126 41 44 53,703 238 35 79 447 46 9,099 112 98 34 16, 312 135 30 55 46 28 102 38 28 13 14,476 414 1 47 95 39 216 38 16 25 7,462 61 37 43 137 29 16 47 16 4 24, 118 203 9 45 19 35 55 42 13 56 125,246 1,136 18 145 255 675 431 270 1 18 21,605 3,146 11 66 50 106 41 14 7 2,960 25,736 379 60 68 160 203 204 62 17 627 79,671 1,936 227 433 344 1,546 1,282 380 204 119 11,272 104 8 36 46 21 56 24 10 22 578, 183 10,760 868 976 4,169 1,322 5,768 2,026 235 237 9,880 306 6 23 16 37 604 3 2 2 40,765 516,886 169 16,541 940 4,087 78 2,342 23 4,739 14 1,723 42 3,206 4 1,342 830 1,594 251,311 1,617 70 g22 317 641 2,301 494 134 38 10, 171 29 4 2 1 5 10 6 2 4 274, 193 1,912 33 327 173 125 290 443 14 131 23,702 631 46 148 147 208 129 130 39 42 29,284 111 30 48 473 24 7,313 103 45 23 6,766 69 29 15 26 17 38 24 7 1 6,296 69 63 35 186 9 18 49 25 5 231,971 3,332 286 548 783 850 1,616 ' 624 147 516 POPULATION Total population, 1910 1900 1890 1880 1870 Increase, 1900-1910 Per cent of increase Increase, 1890-1900 Per cent of increase Land area (square miles) Population per square mile, 1910 Rural population per square mile, 1910. . .,. Ueban and Rural Tekeitoky. Uiban, 1910— Places of 2,500 or more in 1910 Same places in 1900 Per cent of increase, 1900-1910 Buial, 1910— Remainder of county in 1910 Same territory in 1900 Per cent of increase, 1900-1910 Urban, 1900— Places of 2,500 or more in 1900 Rural, 1900^— Remainder of county in 1900 Per cent in places of 2,500 or more, 1910 Per cent in places of 2,600 or more, 1900 COLOR AND NATIVITY White Number in 1900 Number in 1890 Negro Number in 1900 Numier in 1890 Black Mulatto Ind., Chi., Jap., and all other (see Tables 1 and 17) Native white— Native parentage Number in 1900 Native white — Foreign or mixed parentage Number in 1900 Native white— Foreign parentage Native white — Mixed parentage Foreign-bom white Number in 1900 Peb Cent of Total Population. Native white— Native parentage Percent in 1900 Native white— Foreign or mixed parentage Per cent in 1900 Foreign-bom white Per cent in 1900 Negro Per cent in 1900 FOREIGN NATIONALITIES Fobeign-Boen "White: Born in— Austria Canada— French Canada— Other Denmark England Finland France Germany Greece Holland Hungary Ireland Italy Norway Roumania Russia ^:' Scotland f. Sweden Switzerland Turkey Wales Other foreign countries Native White: Both parents born in— Austria Canada— French Canada — Other England France Germany Holland Hungary Ireland Italy Norway Russia Scotland Sweden Switzerland Wales All others of foreign parentage < 1 State total includes population (5,321) of Indian reservations specially enumerated in 1890, not distributed by counties. 2 See note on page 646. STATISTICS OF POPULATION. 609 POPULATION FOR THE STATE AND FOR COUNTIES. A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease. ] Total.. .Uale Female. SEX White. . .Male Female Negro. . -Male Female MALES OF VOTING AGE Total number Number in 19W Native white— Native parentage Number in 1900 Native white— Foreign or mixed parentage Number in 1900 Native white — Foreign parentage Native white— Mixed parentage Foreign-bom white Number in 1900 Negro Number in 1900 Indian, Chinese, Japanese, and all other Pek Cent of Total. Native white — Native parentage Native white— Foreign or mixed parentage Foreign-bom white Negro ClTEKNSHIP QF FOBEIQN-BOKN WHITE. Naturalized Having first papers Allen Unknown ILLITERACY ILLITEBATE MALES OF VOTING AGE. Total number Illiterate Per cent Illiterate Per cent in 1900 Native white, number illiterate. Per cent illiterate Foreign-bom white, number illiterate . Per cent illiterate Negro, number illiterate Per cent illiterate Peesons 10 Years Old and Oveb. Total number ITnmber illiterate. . Per cent illiterate. . Native white^ number. Number illiterate. . Per cent illiterate. . Foreign-bom white, number. Number illiterate Per cent illiterate Negro, number Number illiterate Per cent illiterate Persons 10 to 20 Years, inclxtsfve. Total number Number illiterate Per cent illiterate SCHOOL AGE AND ATTENDANCE Total number 6 to 20 years, inclusive Number attending school Per cent attending school Number'6 to 9 years Number attending school Number 10 to U years Number attending school Number 15 to 17 years Number attending school Number 18 to 20 years Number attending school Persons 6 to 14 Years, iNCLirsrvE. Total number ■' Number attending school Per cent attending school Native white— Native parentage, number Number attending school Per cent attending school Native white— Foreign or mixed parentage, number Number attending school Per cent attending school Foreign-born white, number Number attending school Per cent attending school Negro, number Number attending school Per cent attending school DWELLINGS AND FAMILIES Dwellings , number Families, number The State. Albany. Allegany. Broome. Cattarau- gus. Cayuga. Chautau- qua. Chemung. Chenango. Clinton. 4,584,697 84,438 20,990 38,661 33,469 34,051 52,971 27,361 17,889 25,666 4,529,017 89,228 20,422 40,248 32,460 33,052 62,166 27,301 17,686 22,661 4,511,327 83,816 20,817 38,192 32,775 33,695 52,830 27, 019 17,795 25,434 4,455,518 88,576 20,269 39,879 31,797 32,737 52,040 27,030 17,683 22,631 64,034 677 172 360 177 340 92 326 93 70,167 645 153 365 156 315 77 267 103 32 2,836,773 54,729 13,364 25,968 20,432 22,660 32,863 17,696 12,248 16,137 2,184,966 43,4S2 13,051 $1,918 19,734 11,897 26,899 17,239 12,315 13,698 909,494 22,074 10,^23 18,036 12,137 12,791 15,297 11,256 10,126 7,507 78S,487 19,154 9,89B 16,880 11,751 1$,7SS 14,S4S 6,226 10, 662 10, 319 5,695 652,864 17,483 1,994 3,635 4,082 4,886 3,261 1,110 4,941 ess, 096 15,88S 1,870 S,018 3,666 4,789 4,584 S,280 1,073 4,921 487,165 13,011 1,286 2,376 2,886 3,568 4,648 2,298 645 3,093 165,699 4,472 709 1,169 1,197 1,318 1,678 963 465 1,848 1,221,013 14,696 1,138 4,104 3,801 5,013 11,252 2,947 944 2,777 8B9,m IS, 760 1,18S 2, SSI 3,876 4,111 7,896 '•% 84S 2,967 45,877 434 108 275 107 257 59 67 200 S1,4£S 671 104 186 114 SS9 B4 S39 77 lOS 7,525 42 1 8 305 la 29 13 1 12 32.1 40.3 75.7 69.5 59.4 55.7 46.5 63.6 82.7 48.6 23.0 31.9 14.9 13.6 20.0 21.3 18.9 18.4 9.1 32.0 43.0 26.9 8.5 15.8 18.6 21.8 34.2 16.7 7.7 18.0 1.6 0.8 0.8 1.1 0.5 1.1 0.2 1.2 0.6 1.3 502,083 8,112 603 1,517 2,075 2,638 6,949 1,953 476 1,265 131,085 650 48 266 146 270 735 109 50 ?! 475,259 3,789 271 1,411 770 1,863 2,420 785 248 87S 112,586 2,145 216 910 810 242 2,148 100 170 639 170,030 2,686 3S0 666 992 921 1,371 518 266 2,658 6.0 4.9 2:5 2.6 4.9 4.0 4.2 2.9 2.2 16.6 5.9 4.9 e.4 S.5 4--r S.5 3.1 3.8 2.2 24.6 17,826 352 181 194 170 164 149 134 116 1,712 1.1 0.9 1.5 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.7 0.9 1.0 13.8 148, 703 2,297 146 464 688 737 1,218 352 146 822 12.2 15.6 12.8 11.3 18.1 14.7 10.8 11.9' 15.5 29.6 2,295 27 2 8 10 20 1 28 4 17 5.0 7,410,819 6.2 146,065 1.9 34,236 2.9 66,904 9.3 53,507 7.8 66,757 12.7 46,585 8.5 85,452 30,339 38,029 406,020 6,166 553 1,504 1,813 1,921 3,007 1,098 444 4,724 5.5 4.2 1.6 2.2 3.4 3.4 3.5 2,4 1.5 12.4 4,649,532 113,020 31,814 57, 711 46,285 46,380 62,577 40,000 28,383 32,605 36,318 877 285 315 301 284 279 242 184 3,216 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.4 0.0 0.6 9.9 2,634,578 31,922 2,163 8,641 7,209 9,796 22,669 6,031 1,782 5,181 362,025 5,226 261 1,166 1,253 1,602 2,724 802 253 1,478 13.7 16.4 12.1 13.6 17.4 16.4 12.0 13.3 14.2 28.5 115,843 1,076 268 641 266 568 144 636 173 230 5,768 63 6 24 16 36 1 49 7 23 5.0 4.9 2.3 3.7 6.0 6.2 0.7 9.1 4.0 10.0 1,816,525 32, 601 7,734 13, 763 13.388 11,625 20,130 10,613 5,898 10,065 38,100 611 29 223 141 224 206 60 45 294 2.1 1.9 0.4 1.6 1.1 1.9 1.0 0.6 0.8 2.9 2,454,428 43,462 10,558 18,303 18,175 15,611 27,627 13,759 7,967 11,114 1,563,374 26,278 7,691 12,402 12,669 10,463 18,602 9,692 6,698 9,687 63.7 60.6 72.8 67.8 69.7 67.5 67.6 69.7 71.5 67.9 637,903 10,861 2,824 4,540 4,787 3,886 7,397 3,146 2,069 4,049 540,228 8,707 2,235 4,069 3,939 3,402 6,202 2,806 1,741 3,205 785,826 13,772 3,566 5,807 6,066 4,916 9,014 4,216 2,666 4,737 741,542 12,609 3,434 6,634 5,804 4,718 8,538 4,098 2,668 4,486 482,877 8,976 2,097 3,687 3,679 3,160 5,546 2,804 1,623 2,744 218,436 3,923 1,481 2,101 2,275 1,747 2,936 1,578 1,062 1,528 547,822 9,853 2,082 4,269 3,644 3,560 5,571 3,594 1,609 2,584 63,168 1,039 541 598 661 596 927 1,110 327 369 1,423,729 24,633 6,379 10,347 10,852 8,801 16,411 7,361 4,736 8,786 1,281,770 21,316 5,669 9,703 9,743 8,120 14, 740 6,904 4,309 7,690 90.0 86.6 88.9 93.8 89.8 92.3 89.8 93.8 91.0 87.6 582,370 14,419 5,586 8,265 7,600 6,126 8,411 6,442 4,284 6,921 523, 579 12,616 4,949 7,745 6,914 5,684 7,567 6,109 3,893 6,037 89.9 87.5 88.6 93.8 91.0 92.8 90.0 93.9 90.9 87.2 666,592 8,938 683 1,709 2,804 2,307 6,985 1,680 374 1,620 604,208 7,662 621 1,610 2,532 2,130 6,278 1,573 349 1,435 90.6 85.7 90.9 94.2 90.3 92.3 89.9 93.6 93.3 88.6 168, 927 1,123 57 306 194 287 975 181 61 234 140,297 899 63 277 165 232 866 167 45 210 88.3 14,456 80.1 152 90.5 75 79.9 65 80.8 81 88.8 30 92.3 54 89 7 63 26 11 12,596 139 46 69 62 74 26 62 22 8 87.1 91.4 1,178,686 28,498 10,751 16,062 15,829 15,586 23,248 12.470 9,211 9,415 2,046,846 41,272 11,218 19, 739 16,537 16,943 26,506 13,660 9,976 9,975 » Total includes 3 whites specially enumerated in 1890, not distributed by counties. * Native whites having both parents bom in countries other than specified, and also those having both parents of foreign birth but born in different countries. 610 SUPPLEMENT FOR NEW YORK. Table I.— COMPOSITION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF THE POPTTLATION Total population, 1910 1900 1890 1880 1870 Increase, 1900-1910 Per cent of increase Increase, 1890-1900 Per cent ot increase Land area (square miles) Population per square mile, 1910 Rural population per square mile, 1910 Ukban and EUEAi Teeeitoey. Urban, 191&— Places of 2,500 or more in 1910 Same places in 1900 Per cent of increase, 1900-1910 Knral, 1910— Remainder of county in 1910 Same territory in 1900 Per cent of increase, 1900-1910 Urban, 1900— Places of 2,500 or more in 1900 Kural, 1900— Remainder of county in 1900 .-. . . Per cent in places of 2,500 or more, 1910 Per cent in places of 2,500 or more, 1900 COLOB, AND NATIVITT WMte Number in 1900 Nwmber in 1890. Negro J Number in 1900 Number in 1880 Black Mulatto Ind.,Cbl., Jap., and all other (see Tables 1 and 17) Native white— Native parentage Number in 1900 Native white — Foreign or mixed parentage Number in 1900 Native white— Foreign parentage Native white — Mixed parentage Foreign-bom white Number in 1900 Pee Cent of Total Population. Native white — Native parentage Per cent in 1900 Native wMte — Foreign or mixed parentage Per centin 1900 Foreign-bom white Per cent in 1900 Negro Per cent in 1900 FOREIGN NATIONALITIES FoBEiGN-BoKN White: Born in — Austria Canada — French Canada^Other Denmark England Finland France Germany Greece Holland Hungary Ireland Italy Norway Roumania Russia Scotland S we den Switzerland Turkey Wales Other foreign countries Native White; Both parents born m— Austria Canada — French Canada — Other England France Germauy Holland Hungary Ireland Italy Norway Russia Scotland Sweden Switzerland W &1G3 .......■........------.-------........ All others of foreign parentage ' Columbia Cortland. Delaware. Dutchess. Erie. Essex. Franklin. Fulton. Genesee. Greene. 43,658 29,249 45,575 87,661 528,985 33,458 45,717 44,534 37,615 30, 2U 43,211 27,576 46,413 81,670 433,686 30,707 42,863 42,842 34,661 31,478 46,172 28,657 45,496 77,879 322,981 33,052 38,110 37,650 33,265 31,598 47,928 25,825 42,721 79,184 219,884 34,516 32,390 30,985 32,806 32,696 47,044 25,173 42,972 74,041 178,699 29,042 30,271 27,064 31,606 31,832 447 1,673 -838 5,991 95,299 2,751 2,864 1,692 3,054 -1,264 1.0 6.1 -1.8 7.3 22.0 9.0 6.7 3.9 8.8 -4.0 -2,961 -1,081 917 3,791 '109,400 -2,345 13,490 6,192 1 950 -120 -6.4 -3.8 2.0 4.9 133.9 -7.1 ■9.2 13.8 12.9 -0.4 644 503 1,449 806 1,034 1,836 1,678 616 496 643 67.8 58.1 31. S 108.8 611.6 18.2 27.2 86.3 75.8 47.0 50.1 29.9 ■ 27.6 56.9 69.0 17.6 19.2 25.7 44.8 38.8 11,417 14,199 6,610 41,760 457,620 n,086 13,431 31,264 15,384 6,296 9,528 11,395 5,142 37,013 369,303 2 346 8,183 28,587 12,324 6,484 19.8 24.6 9.1 12.8 23.9 213.9 64.1 9.4 24.8 -3.4 32,241 15.050 39,965 45,901 71,365 32,372 32,286 13,270 22,231 24,918 33,683 16,181 41,271 44,657 64,383 30,361 34,670 14,255 22,237 26,994 -4.3 -7.0 -3.2 2.8 10.8 6.6 -6.9 -6.9 (') -4.1 9,528 9,014 2,811 37,013 366,937 2 346 8,183 28,479 12,324 8,219 33,683 18,562 43,602 44,657 66,749 30,361 34,670 14,363 22,237 23,259 26.2 48.5 12.3 47.6 86.5 3.2 29.4 70.2 40.9 17.6 22.0 32.7 6.1 45.3 84.6 1.1 19.1 66.5 35.7 26.1 42, §45 29,177 45,349 85,279 525,675 33,373 44,246 44,210 37,010 29,699 P,779 S7,494 4e,20S 79,4£4 430,616 30,641 41,492 4i,476 34,063 30,670 4S,089 28,664 46,232 76, 191 321,717 32,927 38,060 SI, 364 33,136 SO, 94s 1,103 71 226 2,367 2,059 82 53 317 162 513 1,417 81 208 2,226 1,806 60 62 348 161 796 1,081 82 262 1,671 1,206 108 62 281 129 652 1,045 S3 96 2,122 1,259 50 29 250 127 440 68 18 130 245 800 32 24 67 35 73 10 1 15 1,251 162,951 3 1,418 26,005 7 443 2 29,086 23,529 38,447 53,727 23,298 29,925 19,786 23,538 e9,96!l 22,428 3,648 S8,74S 4,825 49,897 18,107 126,790 21,287 23,106 30,649 18,494 26,089 7,394 219,744 6,230 12, 496 7,724 10,757 3,684 7,191 S,B46 B,2S6 17,463 184,636 158,201 6,974 3,311 12,627 6,890 10,186 3,626 5,016 2,216 2,456 12,773 5,843 6,079 7,068 2,319 2,378 1,432 2,369 5,334 61,643 2,919 6,663 2,646 3,689 1,265 6,065 2,000 2,077 13,445 142,980 3,845 5,745 6,561 6,467 2,577 4,624 1,620 2,226 12,064 119,191 2,380 6,869 4,937 6,373 2,068 66.6 80.4 84.4 61.3 30.8 69.6 56.9 67.2 52.6 77.9 69.3 81. S ss.e ei.i 29.2 69.3 63.9 71.6 B3.6 79. r 16.9 12.5 10.6 20.7 41.5 18.6 27.3 17.3 28.6 11.9 16.8 12.9 11. S 21.4 15.3 4^.6 22.7 29.2 16.1 29.6 11. t 13.9 6.8 4.6 27.0 11.5 12.6 14.7 17.2 8.5 10.7 6.6 4.8 14.8 27.6 7.8 13.7 11.6 16.6 6.6 2.5 0.2 0.5 2.7 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.7 0.4 1.7 S.S O.S 0.4 2.7 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.8 0.6 2.6 635 35 39 1,009 14,683 185 11 616 154 412 76 13 9 174 658 536 2,918 96 26 14 96 125 85 270 18,361 364 1,671 289 626 49 34 6 4 87 259 3 1 49 9 9 399 316 238 1,086 8,142 195 167 1,130 863 160 3 38 8 17 27 102 62 813 6 12 1 175 2 27 3 34 6 1,220 93 379 2,013 52,386 89 84 1,074 1,324 405 6 13 4 36 230 1 5 39 58 2 14 4 4 62 366 4 1 9 10 10 605 38 438 3,329 10,391 282 862 552 298 3,555 452 465 693 889 353 849 620 385 2,638 13,786 718 117 971 1,754 563 18 7 21 36 275 2 5 10 13 12 7 983 10 906 133 13,799 1 253 82 194 870 115 859 416. 101 40 277 337 2,176 37 63 86 87 37 36 24 26 237 1,229 46 21 78 32 26 43 8 23 81 784 5 8 36 46 24 4 40 6 219 349 21 32 36 62 7 5 31 9 10 6 16 28 95 248 524 5 12 3 19 14 43 15 46 23 158 18 2 525 7,182 27 1 387 68 73 39 13 3 147 332 799 2,657 42 21 S 29 42 12 67 4,125 247 660 57 . 118 22 241 316 137 719 4,411 162 110 666 949 103 15 5 18 40 1,194 11 13 51 68 S 1,594 146 600 2,408 89,756 87 120 1,288 2,314 622 9 1 10 28 342 4 1 9 ' 6 9 178 6 232 704 35 1 116 42 1,673 1,153 625 5,697 18,254 1,205 1,474 1,096 1,727 718 244 204 175 1,088 8,478 153 48 396 788 330 10 385 9 74 5 527 127 5,864 2 226 3 91 3 110 9 319 256 59 35 513 209 1,198 29 47 64 124 36 9 22 11 87 796 37 3 IS 16 16 9 5 30 20 555 2 31 24 24 8 1 4 7 6 7 170 5 5 20 360 240 225 1,067 14,713 282 607 519 669 208 1 See note on page 646. 2 Population of part of Saranao Lake village; total population of village in Essex and Franklin Counties, 4,983 in 1910 and 2,594 in 1900. STATISTICS OF POPULATION. POPULATION FOR THE STATE AND FOB COUNTIES— Continued. 611 Columbia. Cortland. Delaware. Dutchess. Erie. Essex. Franklin. Fulton. Genesee. Greene. Total... Male Female. White.. .Male Female.. Negro... Male Female.. SEX MALES OF VOTING AGE Total nnmber Number in 1900. . Native white — Native parentage Number in 1900 Native white — Foreign or mixed parentage. Number in 1900 Native white — Foreign paren tage Native white — Mixed parentage Foreign-bom white Number in 1900 Negro Number in 1900 Indian, Chinese, Japanese, and all other Pee Cent of Total. Native white— Native parentage Native white — Foreign or mixed parentage Foreign-bom white Negro Citizenship of Foeeign-Boen White. Naturalized Having first papers Alien Unknown XLLITEKACT Ilutesate Males of Voting Age. Total nninbeT Illiterate. Per cent illiterate Per cent in 1900... Native white^ number illiterate.. Per cent illiter?te Foreign-bom white, number illiterate. Per cent illiterate Negro, number illiterate Per cent illiterate ' Persons 10 Years Old and Over. Total numbei NnmbeT Illiterate . Per cent illiterate. . . Native white, number. Number illiterate. . Per cent illiterate. . . Foreign-bom white, number. Number illiterate Per cent illiterate Negro, number Number illiterate Per cent illiterate Persons 10 to 20 Years, racLUsrvE. Total number Number illiterate Per cent illiterate SCHOOL AGE AND ATTENDANCE Total number 6 to 20 years, inclusive Number attending; school Per cent attending school Number 6 to 9 years Number attending school Number 10 to 14 years Number attending school Number 15 to 17 years Number attending school Number 18 to 20 years Number attending school Persons 6 to 14 Years, inclusive. Total number Number attending school Per cent attendtag school Native white— Native parentage, number Number attending school Per cent attending school - - - ■ ■ Native white— Foreign or mixed parentage, number.. Number attending school Per cent attending school Foreign-bom white, ninnber Number attending school Per cent attending school Negro, number Number attending school Per cent attending school DWELLINGS AND FAMILIES Dwellings, number Families, number 22,426 21,232 21,833 20,712 583 14,7S6 13,913 9,100 9,069 1,984 1,S08 1,398 586 3,242 1,376 419 BiB 10 61.7 13.4 22.0 1,247 116 1,609 270 J., uuv 7.2 7.e 185 1.7 815 25.1 58 13.8 36,992 1,903 5.1 30, 108 371 1.2 5,913 1,405 23.8 961 125 13.0 8,383 241 2.9 11,024 6,770 61.4 2,641 1,992 3.473 3,255 2,468 1,281 2,442 242 6,114 5,247 85.8 4,447 3,853 86.6 1,279 1,069 83.6 244 201 82.4 144 124 .1 9,099 10,418 11,703 14,546 14,661 14,516 42 29 23,360 22,215 23,236 22,113 124 102 14,092 13,669 42,826 42,453 1,253 1,114 268,966 260,019 267,227 268,448 1,090 9,879 9,CflO 7,587 7,107 1,208 1,164 811 397 1,064 764 20 Si 11,959 U,947 11,944 11,713 1,816 1,9V 977 839 1,121 i,in 78 76.8 12.2 10.8 0.2 467 55 400 152 79.8 12.1 7.5 0.5 517 39 314 251 29,207 M,dm 16,320 U,9m 6,159 1,908 3,857 1,302 6,912 S,903 803 772 13 65.9 17.7 23.7 2.7 2,919 362 2,275 1,366 162,275 m,4BB 41,033 18,668 50,001 39,666 37,627 12,374 70,013 69,110 851 686 377 25.3 30.8 43.1 0.6 34,503 4,863 22,491 8,156 290 2.9 2.6 1.0 201 18.9 1 421 2.8 4.0 281 2.0 130 11.6 10 21,736 189 2.0 22,729 142 0.6 1,956 346 17.7 50 1 5,035 45 0.9 37,631 700 1.9 35,421 437 1.2 2,024 243 12.0 186 20 10.8 8,674 60 0.6 1,596 5.5 6.4 1.7 1,119 16.2 107 13.3 73,141 2,879 3.9 58,335 683 1.2 13, 169 2,002 16.2 1,926 193 10.0 15,431 245 1.8 8,212 6.1 6.2 525 0.6 7,546 10.8 46 5.4 127,161 17,062 4.0 286,666 1,208 0.4 139, 022 16, 591 11.2 1,824 80 4.4 112,164 987 0.9 6,839 1,811 70.3 1,804 1,447 2,190 2,108 1,365 892 1,480 364 3,994 3,656 89.0 3,486 3,106 89.1 431 391 90.7 62< 46 11,726 8,426 71.9 3,162 2,529 3,950 3.796 2,355 1,634 2,269 467 7,102 6,325 89.1 6,494 6,774 88.9 490 447 91.2 70 7,264 8,024 10,929 11,834 21,038 13,021 61.9 5,607 4,307 6,672 6,168 4,274 2,000 4,485 546 12,279 10,475 86.3 8,493 7,222 86.0 3,066 2,664 86.9 374 304 81.3 346 286 82. 16,738 20,074 150,449 92,693 61.6 38,285 30,710 49,489 45,994 30,449 12,849 32,226 3,140 87, 774 76, 704 87.4 33,736 30,070 89.1 47,823 41,420 86.6 5,710 4,777 83.7 222 196 8.3 83,402 114,064 17,771 15,687 17, 726 15,647 42 40 23,226 22,191 22,464 21, 782 23 21,792 22,742 21,643 22,667 142 176 19, 322 18,293 19,001 18,009 85 77 11,218 9,014 6,616 6,493 2,241 2,273 1,309 932 2,336 1,229 23 IS 3 59.0 20.0 20.8 0.2 499 45 1,419 373 1,141 10.2 10.4 479 5.4 661 28.3 4 27,269 1,815 6.7 23,458 810 3.5 3,745 997 26.6 63 6,719 130 1.9 9,055 5,958 65.8 2,336 1,683 2,900 2,779 1,849 1,149 1,970 347 5,236 4,462 85.2 4,398 3,765 85.6 701 603 86.0 120 83 69.2 17 11 13,100 12,238 6,275 5,590 3,838 3,671 2,171 1,667 2,600 2,634 12 21 375 47.9 29.3 19.8 0.1 1,208 65 832 495 11,576 13,561 9,623 9,370 1,856 1,771 1,198 668 2,996 2,302 95 107 7 66.0 12.7 20.5 0.7 1.471 '318 862 344 12,281 10,952 5,677 6,210 3.262 2,961 2,392 870 3,265 2,620 53 43 127 45.4 26.6 26.6 0.4 1,637 145 1,099 484 2,237 17.1 19.7 1,214 12.0 794 30.6 3 600 4.1 3.8 223 1.9 364 12.2 13 813 6.6 6.3 63 0.7 702 21.6 35,301 1,039 11.4 28,748 2,146 7.5 5,452 1,384 25.4 42 7 9,797 269 2.7 37,865 1,209 3.2 31,293 406 1.3 6,296 773 12.3 270 30 11.1 7,756 89 1.1 31,006 1,162 4.7 24,311 116 0.5 6,248 1,243 19.9 126 9 7.1 6,992 150 2.1 13,771 9,215 66.9 3,974 2,917 4,667 4,423 2,646 1,501 2,494 374 8,631 7,340 86.0 6,884 5,026 85.4 2,051 1,730 84.3 347 291 83.9 7,039 7,458 9,484 10,106 10,304 6,626 64.3 2,648 2,217 3,265 3,077 2,161 1,017 2,330 315 5,813 6,294 91.1 3,961 3,686 90.6 1,397 1,300 93.1 415 375 90.4 40 33 9,196 6,292 66.3 2,604 1,963 3,056 2,885 1,937 1,112 2,000 332 5,559 4,848 87.2 3,491 3,042 87.1 1,648 1,448 87.9 304 253 83.2 28 25 9,567 11,987 8,959 9,371 15,381 11,830 15,119 14,680 263 250 10,182 10, 163 7,623 7,706 995 1,071 668 337 1,390 1,093 172 288 2 74.9 9.8 13.7 1.7 680 615 127 608 6.0 6.2 2.2 381 27.4 33 19.2 25,115 1,031 4.1 22,484 337 1.5 2,630 638 25.2 429 58 13.5 6,411 80 1.5 7,295 4,876 66.8 1,881 1.433 2,411 2,292 1,489 929 1,511 222 4,295 3,726 86.7 3,484 3,024 86.8 670 582 70 62 71 67 7,313 7,980 » A decrease of less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. ,,..,., .<• j j , 4.^ v • i 4.,. ^ ,, ■ t,-_it. v i. v. ■ j.^, « Native whites having both parents bom in countries other than specmed, and also those havmg both parents of foreign birth but bom m different countnes. 612 SUPPLEMENT FOR NEW YORK. Table I.— COMPOSITION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF THE POPULATION Total population, 1910. 1900 1890 18S0 1870 Increase, 1900-1910 Per cent of increase. ' Increase, 1890-1900 Per cent of increase. Land area (square miles) Population per square mUe, 1910 Bural population per square mile, 1910 XJeban and Eueal Teeeitoby. tTrban, ItlO— Places of 2,500 or more in 1910. Same places in 1900 Per cent of increase, 1900-1910 Rnral, 1910— Remainder of county in 1910. . . Same territory in 1900 Per cent of increase, 1900-1910 Urban, 190O— Places of 2,600 or more in 1900. . Rural, 190(1— Remainder of county in 1900...'. Per cent in places of 2,500 or more, 1910 Per cent in places of 2,500 or more, 1900 COLOR AND NATIVITY Wliite Number in 1900 Number in 1890 Negro :. Number in 1900. Number in 1890. Black Mulatto Ind., Chi., Jap., and all other (see Tables 1 and 17). Native white— Native parentage Nurnber in 1900 Native white — Foreign or mixed parentage Number in 1900 Native white — Foreign parentage Native white— Mixed parentage Foreign-bom white Nurnber in 1900 Pee Cent of Total Population. Native white — Native parentage Fer cent in 1900 Native wliite — Foreign or mixed parentage Per cent in 1900 '. Foreign-bom white Per cent in 1900 Negro Per cent in 1900 FOREIGN NATIONALITIES FoEEiGN-BoEN WHITE: Born in — Austria. Canada — French . Canada— Other. . Denmark England Finland France Germany Greece Holland... Hungary. . . Ireland Italy Norway Roumania. Russia Scotland Sweden Switzerland Turkey Wales Other foreign countries Native White: Both ■parents born in — Austria Catiada — French Canada — Other • England France Germany Holland.. Hungary. Ireland... Italy Norway. . Russia . . . Scotland Sweden Switzerland Wales All others of foreign parentage 3. Hamilton. 4,373 4,947 4,762 3,923 2,960 -674 -11.6 185 3.9 1,700 2.6 2.6 J, 373 4,947 -11.6 4,947 4,352 i,9W 4,m 3,262 S,SB1 324 429 337 m 74.6 72.0 17.2 18. B 7.7 9.S (.') 5 145 59 18 12 133 1 Herkimer. 56,356 51,049 45,608 42,669 39,929 5,307 10.4 6,441 11.9 1,469 38.6 16.6 32, 194 25,545 26.0 24, 162 25, 504 -5.3 23, 738 27,311 57.1 46.5 56,147 60, 828 46,466 196 SIO 1S9 166 30 13 33,435 S2,6SS 12,412 11,666 8,103 4,309 10,300 6,640 59.3 63.7 22.0 a.« 18.3 IS.O 0.3 0.4 994 222 549 88 729 13 39 1,414 16 42 972 1,447 2,288 11 130 64 67 56 173 41 275 142 155 616 26 1,711 39 176 2,672 918 4 231 87 25 38 210 778 Jeflerson. 76,748 68,806 66, 103 65, 415 3,634 4.7 7,942 11.5 1,274 63.1 39.3 30,293 24,591 23.2 50,089 52, 167 -4.0 24,591 52, 157 37.7 32.0 80,099 76,621 68,662 244 172 216 73 171 49,001 47,622 18,309 17,194 8,438 9,871 12, 789 11,706 61.0 62.0 22.8 22.4 15.9 16. S 0.3 0.2 539 860 6,306 26 l,37p 12 124 596 20 3 201 919 992 20 4 259 45 85 86 62 60 67 659 1,987 705 216 978 1 17 1,724 362 7 69 168 6 eo 42 1,370 Kings. 1,634,351 1,168,582 838,547 699,495 419,921 467,769 40.1 328,035 39.1 70 23,347.9 1,634,351 1, 166, 582 40.1 1,166,582 100.0 100.0 1,610,487 1,146,909 826,656 22,708 18,367 11,807 17,682 6,026 1,166 375,548 SIO, 501 663,683 482,668 515,214 148,369 571,356 SSS,760 23.0 26.6 40.6 41.4 35.0 SO.S 1.4 1.6 35,913 709 8,086 3,623 28,316 2,617 2,646 87,912 1,017 1,443 8,947 70,663 100, 424 15,150 7,806 160,596 7,921 16, 490 2,163 2,183 644 6,194 22,593 467 2,104 16,094 1,623 119,213 658 6,332 108, 512 63, 446 6,932 94,844 6,033 9, 762 919 333 67,349 Lewis. 24,849 27,427 29,806 31,416 -2,578 -9.4 -2,379 -8.0 1,270 19.6 17.3 2,940 2,362 25.0 21,909 25,075 -12.6 27,427 11.8 24,836 27, 397 16,610 16,931 6,122 7,520 3,343 2,779 2404 2,946 66.8 61.7 24.6 27.4 8.5 10.7 0.1 0.1 3 165 176 459 275 58 2 18 22 2 159 6 62 9 2 114 187 70 393 1,129 10 138 110 324 Living- ston. 38,037 37,069 37,801 39,662 38,309 978 2.6 -742 -2.0 60.3 6,720 6,043 11.2 31,317 31,016 1.0 3,633 33,426 17.7 9.8 37,674 36,816 37,549 344 2S2 247 297 47 22,968 22,916 9,309 9,042 6,927 3,382 5,397 4,858 60.4 61.8 24.5 24.4 14.2 13.1 0.9 0.6 46 21 439 12 522 7 13 9 • 1,604 2,023 102 102 32 14 2 6 24 20 13 87 411 8 1,145 25 9 2,589 989 1 42 136 8 9 8 427 Madison. 40, 545 42,892 44,112 43,522 -1,256 -3.1 -2,347 -5.5 650 60.4 42.7 11,564 10,568 9.4 27,726 29,977 -7.5 9,394 31, 151 29.4 23.2 38,940 40, 186 42,501 362 303 30,272 6,466 6,701 3,780 2,686 3,268 S,212 74.3 74.7 16.5 16.5 8.3 7.9 0.8 0.9 47 50 228 13 548 1 9 17 19 608 792 27 120 35 23 29 3 176 14 50 60 558 30 786 6 7 1,177 380 10 36 33 19 11 284 340 Monroe. 283,212 217,854 189, 586 144,903 117,868 65,358 30.0 28,268 14.9 663 427.2 88.0 224,840 169,383 32.7 68,372 48,471 20.4 186,006 51,848 79.4 76.2 281,918 217,006 188, 760 832 802 893 331 70 106,348 78,747 104,366 87,237 69,949 34,417 71,206 61,021 37.6 S6.1 36.9 40.0 26.1 23.4 0.4 0.4 1,925 724 10,922 178 6,675 42 382 18,006 196 2,172 497 8,449 12,169 109 108 7,287 1,174 433 684 284 115 677 619 491 2,436 4,115 380 30,572 1,967 121 11,709 4,177 31 4,298 664 192 603 94 7,591 Montgom- ery. 67,567 47,488 45,699 38,315 34,457 10,079 21.2 1,789 398 144 6 52.8 36,585 26,298 39.0 21,002 21,190 -0.9 20,929 26,559 63.5 44.1 57,344 47,273 46,426 213 208 268 164 10 28,952 27, 786 14,712 11,267 10,861 3,851 13,680 8,221 50.3 68.6 25.6 23.7 23.8 17. S 0.4 0.4 2,899 150 269 75 1,030 1 24 2,752 11 66 1,282 2,424 13 2,423 188 72 100 17 35 1,285 155 75 507 34 3,622 21 19 2,086 1,135 1 738 156 33 75 18 901 Nassau.! 83,930 65,448 28,482 51.4 55,448 274 306.3 257.2 13,467 8,078 66.7 70,463 47,370 48.8 8,194 49,254 16.0 11.2 81,541 63,093 2,317 2,310 2,231 72 39,855 29,284 22,362 IS, 806 15,232 7,130 19,324 11,004 47.5 62.8 26.6 23.1 23.0 19.8 2.8 4.2 785 48 366 275 1,587 133 275 3,806 32 61 218 3,168 3,457 229 15 3,300 512 650 181 22 42 184 410 37 87 837 86 4,893 37 73 3,191 1,598 96 1,448 189 242 69 17 1,924 1 For changes in boundaries, etc., see page 646. 2 Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. STATISTICS OF POPULATION. POPULATION FOR THE STATE AND FOR COUNTIES— Continued. 613 SUBJECT. Hamilton. Herkimer. Jefferson. Kings. Lewis. Living- ston. Madison. Momoe. Montgom- ery. Nassau.! SEX Total... Male 2,488 1,885 2,476 1,876 29,408 26,948 29,308 26,839 91 105 40,435 39,947 40,314 39,785 100 144 809,791 824,560 798,535 811,952 10,245 12,463 12,883 11,966 12,876 11,960 7 6 19,488 18,649 19,283 18,391 192 152 19,721 19,568 19,632 19,408 161 135 142,796 140,416 142,116 139,802 632 592 28,840 28,727 28,715 28,629 115 98 43,064 Female 40,866 White.. .Male 41,877 Female 39,664 Negro. . -Male 1,119 Female 1,198 MALES OF VOTING AGE Total number 1,630 1,851 1,104 i,m 297 S87 168 129 220 S09 19,694 16,858 10,899 10,iitO 3,383 S,S24 2 262 1,121 6,247 s,m 60 71 5 55.6 17.3 26.8 0.3 2,122 298 2,523 304 28,414 H,8se 15,339 U,7S1 4,947 4,7S8 2,603 2,344 6,050 5,B93 63 64 15 S8.1 18.7 22.0 0.2 2,327 237 2,445 1,041 470,386 SSS,71S 86,752 70,794 127,157 99,8S3 96,999 30,158 248,544 155,600 7,011 e,m 922 18.4 27.0 62.8 1.6 109,100 34,260 90,621 14,663 8,167 8,7 Bt 4,706 4,650 2,346 2,564 1,631 815 1,109 1,523 6 12 12,648 11,681 6,809 6,592 2,898 2,669 2,032 866 2,708 2,34e 124 68 9 54.3 23.1 21.6 1.0 1,227 106 895 480 13,208 13,340 9,239 9,446 2,168 2,121 1,432 736 1,687 1,669 94 102 20 70.0 16.4 12.8 0.7 806 76 404 401 91,036 62,428 29,166 19,529 27,920 20,310 19,897 8,023 33,484 22,327 421 248 45 32.0 30.7 36.8 0.6 16,412 3,280 10,324 3,468 18,616 14,779 9,107 8,530 3,11V 2,523 2,260 867 6,304 3,662 79 58 9 48.9 16.7 33.9 0.4 2,595 312 2,882 615 26,134 Nmnberinl900 16,831 Native white— Native parentage 10,889 Number in 1900 7,985 Native white— Foreign or mixed parentage 4,941 Number in 1900 ....■....!.. S,834 Native white— Foreign parentage 3; 577 Native white— Mixed parentage 1,364 9,570 NumberinWOO 5,356 668 Number in 1900 1 9 67.7 18.2 13.5 616 Indian, Chinese, Japanese, and all other 66 Native white— Native parentage 67.6 28.7 13.6 0.1 676 39 137 257 4L7 18.9 Foreign-born white •. 36.6 2.6 Naturalized 116 12 81 11 3,805 Having first papers 709 Alien 4,265 Unknown 791 Illiterate Males or Voirao Age. • Total number Illiterate 90 6.5 8.9 47 3.4 42 19.1 1,052 6.4 S.8 167 1.2 880 16.8 1 1,336 6.1 4.7 394 1.9 934 15.4 4 28,429 6.0 4.8 711 0.3 27,331 11.0 241 3.4 1,288,347 78,143 6.1 719,112 2,378 0.3 548,823 74,799 13.6 19,335 806 4.2 342,884 6,959 2.0 316 3.9 6.2 205 2.9 109 9.8 2 740 6.9 5.2 163 1.7 561 20.7 16 12.9 31,693 1,677 6.0 26,055 453 1.7 5,237 1,098 21.0 283 26 9.2 7,018 276 3.9 417 3.2 S.8 151 1.3 249 14.8 10 4,081 4.6 S.l 224 0.4 3,824 11.4 28 6.7 236,824 8,524 3.6 165,898 618 0.3 68,800 7,956 11.6 1,056 46 4.3 54,827 855 1.6 1,626 8.7 5.1 149 1.2 1,468 23.3 6 1,942 7.4 Per cent illiterate Per cent in 1900 8.4 Native white, number illiterate 233 Per cent illiterate 1.5 Foreign-bom white, number illiterate 1,621 Per cent illiterate 16.9 72 10.8 PEK30N3 10 Years Olh and Oveb. Total nti**?bw 3,538 120 3.4 3,187 63 2.0 334 65 16.5 47,184 1,928 4.1 37,004 290 0.8 10,020 1,626 16.2 151 8 5.3 10,126 240 2.4 66,962 2,312 3.5 54,409 730 1.3 12,308 1,569 12.7 213 6 2.8 14,487 170 1.2 20,405 651 2.7 18,320 336 1.8 2,073 213 10.3 12 2 33,066 798 2.4 29,695 248 0.8 3,180 616 16.2 242 24 9.9 6,744 60 0.9 48,037 3,496 34,604 292 0.8 13,337 3,191 23.9 186 9 4.8 11,085 470 4.2 67,071 3,681 Per cent illiterate 5.3 46,257 Number illiterate 501 Per cent illiterate 1.1 18,856 Number illiterate 2,877 Per cent illiterate 15.3 1,886 191 10.1 Persons 10 to 20 Years, inclusive. Total number 866 10 1.2 4,766 24 0.5 16,353 396 Per cent illiterate 2.4 SCHOOL AGE AND ATTENDANCE 1,173 806 68.7 307 235 399 389 251 150 216 32 706 624 88.4 592 527 89.0 105 91 86.7 6 4 13,563 8,973 66.2 3,437 3,059 4,187 4,038 2,804 1,467 3,135 419 7,624 7,097 93.1 5,068 4,740 93.5 2,138 1,998 93.5 386 337 87.3 31 22 19,545 13,492 69.0 5,058 4,109 6,447 6,171 3,907 2,446 4,133 766 11,605 10,280 89.4 7,602 6,811 89.6 3,226 2,876 89.2 638 560 87.8 31 27 471,767 303,589 64.4 128,883 111,889 153.727 145,346 90,050 36,627 99,107 9,727 282,610 257,235 91.0 81,367 73.678 90.6 160,586 147,259 91.7 37,842 33,814 89.4 2,764 2,441 88.3 6,609 4,425 68.0 1,743 1,378 2,199 2,085 1,351 796 1,216 166 3,942 3,463 87.8 3,200 2,804 87.6 705 630 89.4 37 29 9,408 6,488 69.0 2,390 1,936 3,072 2,902 1,890 1,199 2,056 451 5,462 4,838 88.6 3,762 3,372 89.6 1,382 1,207 87.3 269 217 80.7 46 40 9,169 6,276 68.4 2,425 1,866 3,069 2,893 1,840 1,129 1,845 388 6,484 4,759 86.8 4,428 3,845 86.8 848 745 87.9 145 120 82.8 55 44 72,510 46,764 63.1 17,683 15,479 22,961 21,816 14,979 6,489 16,887 1,980 40,644 37,295 91.8 18,904 17,398 92.0 18,267 16,803 92.0 3,322 2,957 89.0 149 136 91.3 14,462 8,272 67.2 3,377 2,716 4,290 4,022 2,993 1,188 3,802 346 7,667 6,738 87.9 4,115 3,638 88.4 2,996 2,627 87.7 534 452 84.6 22 21 22,793 15,231 66.8 6,440 Number attending school 5,433 7,540 Number attending school 7,153 4,219 2,113 Number 18 to 20 vears 4,594 632 Persons 6 to 14 Years, inclusive. 13,980 12,586 90.0 Native white Native parentage, number 7,732 7,058 9L3 Native white— Foreign or mixed parentage, number.... 5,181 4,628 89 3 Foreign-born white, number 718 608 84.7 348 292 Per cent attending school 83.9 DWELLINGS AND FAMILIES 915 943 12,259 13,509 19,240 20,628 147,666 353,666 6,181 6,336 8,889 9,269 10,192 10,778 53,330 62,014 10,286 13,340 17,352 18,511 ' Native whites having both parents bom in countries other than specified, and also those having both parents of foreign birth but bom in different countries. 75140°— 13 40 614 SUPPLEMENT FOR NEW YORK. Table I.— COMPOSITION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF THE POPULATION Total population, 1910. 1900 1890 1880 1870 Increase, 1900-1910 Per cent of increase.. Increase, X890-1900 Per cent of increase. . Land area (square miles) Population per square mile, 1910 Eural population per square mile, 1910 Urban and Eubal Teeeitoet. XTlban, 1910— Places of 2,500 or more in 1910. , Same places In 1900 Per cent of increase, 1900-1910 Bnral, 1910— Remainder of county in 1910. . . Same territory in 1900 Per cent of increase, 1900-1910 TTrban, 1900— Places of 2,500 or more in 1900. . Rural, 1900— Remainder of county in 1900 Per cent in places of 2,500 or more, 1910 Per cent in places of 2,500 or more, 1900 COLOR AND NATIVITY ■Whit? Number in 1900 Number in 1890 Negro Number in 1900. Number in 1890. Black Uulatto Ind., Chi., Jap., and all other (see Tables 1 and 17). Native white — Native parentage Number in 1900 Native white — Foreign or mixed parentage Number in 1900 Native white — Foreign parentage Native white — Mixed parentage Foreign-bom white Number in 1900 Fee Cent of Total Population. Native white— Native parentage Per cent in 1900 Native whit© — Foreign or mixed parentage Per cent in 1900 Foreign-born white Per cent in 1900 Negro Per cent in 1900 FOREIGN NATIONALITIES FOBEIGN-BOEN WHITE;. Bom in— Austria Canada— French Canada— Other Denmark England Finland France Germany , Greece Holland... Hungary... Ireland Italy Norway Roumania. Russia Scotland Sweden Switzerland , . Turkey Wales Other foreign countries. Native White: BoUi parents horn in — Austria Canada— French Canada— Other England France Germany Holland . . Hungary. Ireland . . . Italy Norway.. Russia Scotland Sweden Switzerland Wales All others of foreign parentage s. New York.i 2,762,522 2,050,600 1,515,301 1,206,299 942,292 711,922 34.7 535,299 35.3 43, 849. 6 2,762,522 2,050,600 34.7 2,050,600 100.0 100.0 2,693,228 i, 006, 891 l,/t89,eg7 64,651 S8,616 ss,eoi 47, 727 16,924 4,643 436,920 ses,sio 1,003,354 800,379 819,507 183,847 1,252,954 SiS,97S 15.8 17.7 36.3 39,0 45.4 41. 1 2.3 1.9 147,728 1,910 13, 517 3,523 43,336 4,441 14, 157 154,582 6,897 2,503 65,163 169,321 224,927 5,225 25,589 312,985 13,042 16,392 7,160 7,506 1,094 11,966 72,251 899 2,454 14,663 4,063 160, 180 1,094 25, 479 181,292 117,353 1,504 137,307 5,869 5,814 1,822 690 86,883 Niagara. 74,961 62,491 54, 173 50,437 17,075 22.8 ' 12, 133 '19.4 522 176.3 60.7 60,370 45,107 33.8 31,666 29,854 6.1 45,107 29,854 65.6 60.2 91,199 74,066 82,09S 435 SS7 356 79 402 36,351 SO, 165 30,877 m,277 19,647 11,230 23,971 17,6S4 39.5 40. S 33.5 SB.l 26.0 BS.S 0.5 0.7 1,802 211 6,423 21 2,572 3 77 4,671 38 540 1,802 2,810 26 1,964 493 126 63 182 30 128 755 57 1,418 1,561 104 7,504 23 159 3,461 1,294 6 528 241 79 40 20 2,397 Oneida. 164,157 132,800 122,922 115,475 110,008 21,357 16.1 9,878 8.0 1,250 123.3 47.4 94,916 71, 726 32.3 69,241 61,074 —3.0 71,726 61,074 61.6 54.0 153,476 1SS,S06 m,S70 632 462 48S 481 151 71,501 es,519 48,220 44,315 32,774 15,446 33,755 24,47« 46.4 47.8 31.3 3S.4 21.9 18.4 0.4 O.S 3,518 622 1,621 105 3,179 14 193 4,819 65 225 234 3,476 8,738 19 11 2,932 456 85 645 440 2,314 155 1,180 329 451 2,498 275 8,324 141 86 7,316 4,240 9 1,710 335 49 436 2,426 2,967 Onondaga, 200,298 168,735 146,247 117, 893 104,183 31,563 18.7 > 21,958 2 15.0 781 256.5 66.0 148,761 117,368 26.7 51,537 61,367 0.3 117,368 51,367 74.3 198,441 166,978 145,147 1,296 1,W 1,057 878 418 561 96,681 80,4£B 62,087 54,400 42,221 19,866 39,673 32, 166 48.3 47.7 31.0 32.2 19.8 19.1 0.6 0.7 1,810 609 3,611 83 4,120 19 232 8,508 135 35 304 6,466 6,080 30 42 6,738 570 149 443 346 126 217 813 469 1,019 3,137 300 13,675 40 129 12, 544 2,760 9 2,993 341 71 282 101 3,648 Ontario. 62,286 49,606 48,463 49,641 46,108 2,681 5.4 1,152 2.4 649 80.6 50.3 19,663 16,584 18.6 32,623 33,021 —1.2 16,584 33,021 37.6 33.4 51,919 49,159 47,989 365 434 457 289 76 32,288 29,440 12,769 12,824 8,292 4,477 6,862 61,8 59.3 24.4 25.9 13.1 13.9 0.7 0.9 80 53 688 142 1,035 2 24 848 19 431 13 1,786 1,137 5 44 269 62 59 34 15 126 29 22 121 1,023 22 1,229 419 1 3,732 466 2 42 181 27 37 13 936 Orange. 116,001 103,869 97,869 88,220 80,902 12,142 11.7 6,000 6.1 834 139.1 64.2 62,425 56, 789 9.9 53,576 47,070 13.8 54,823 49,036 52.! 112,862 101,018 95,286 3,081 2,796 2,644 2,795 58 68,044 62,471 25,654 23,885 17,609 8,046 19, 164 14,662 58.7 60.1 22.1 23.0 16.5 14.1 2.7 2.7 1,125 46 360 122 2,253 34 123 2,386 83 84 1,451 4,381 3,478 88 66 1,609 789 328 108 77 36 148 92 1,365 57 3,020 54 546 7,056 1,276 39 960 387 181 53 27 1,862 Orleans. 32,000 30, 164 30,803 30,128 27,689 1,836 6.1 -2.1 396 80.8 53.8 10,699 9,193 16.4 21,301 20,971 1.6 9,193 20,971 33.4 30.5 31,851 30,069 30,608 147 lOS 194 117 30 16,602 16,028 9,447 8,518 5,966 3,481 6,802 5,513 51.9 53.1 29.5 28.2 18.1 18.3 0.5 O.S 40 725 6 1,635 12 1,148 7 23 8 697 1,268 10 118 85 23 3 2 19 14 31 16 155 1,256 11 1,839 23 ■ 6 1,150 821 9 81 72 16 1 11 470 Oswego. 71, 664 70,881 71,883 77,911 77,941 783 1.1 —1,002 —1.4 966 74.2 39.1 33,848 30,405 11.3 37,816 40,476 —6.6 30,405 40,476 47.2 42.9 71,220 70,728 71,725 437 152 151 387 60 48,219 46,583 14,907 16,832 8,749 6,158 8,094 7,311 67.3 8S.7 20.8 23.7 11.3 10.3 0.6 0.2 741 623 1,588 7 919 2 90 859 1,308 1,369 233 109 26 54 15 24 37 248 649 585 701 203 3,249 461 58 95 10 44 14 1,028 Otsego. 47,216 48,939 60, 861 51,397 48,967 —1,723 —3.5 —1,922 —3.8 1,009 46.8 37.4 9,491 7,147 32.8 37,725 41,792 —9.7 7,147 41,792 20.1 14.6 47,109 48,793 50,623 104 14s 237 83 21 40,294 41,629 4,486 4,873 2,382 2,104 2,329 2,291 85.3 SB.l 9.5 10.0 4.9 4.7 0.2 0.3 58 16 104 13 399 1 12 236 14 1 7 623 476 24 1 127 95 34 22 40 110 18 16 13 20 444 7 310 2 1 869 167 3 33 139 10 11 126 221 Putnam. 14,665 13, 787 14,849 15,181 15,420 878 6.4 —1,062 —7.2 233 62.9 62.0 2,549 2,067 23.3 12, 116 11,726 3.4 13,787 17.4 14,473 13,66) 14,64s 190 101 201 170 20 8,564 8,87/ 2,646 2,689 1,780 866 3,263 2,ia> 58.4 64.3 18.0 19. S 22.3 IS.S l.S O.S 22s t 39 12 249 12 24 197 3 7 20 672 1,401 22 2 131 65 150 15 3 3 15 60 2 9 157 7 195 233 1 45 29 76 6 1 m 1 For changes in boundaries, etc, see page 640. ' See note on page 640. STATISTICS OF POPULATION. POPULATION FOR THE STATE AND FOR COUNTIES— Continued. 615 SEX Total. . .Male Female !.!!!!!!!!!!! White. . .Male Female Negro . . . Male Female '......... MALES OF VOTING AGE To'tal number Number in 1900 ...\.\..\... Native white — Native parentage Number in 1900 ..!!!!!!!! Native white— Foreign or mixed parentage Number in 1900 , Native white— Foreign parentage Native white— Mixed parentage Foreign-born white Number in 1900 ' Negro [, Number in 1900 [][.\\\[\\\[[ Indian, Chinese, Japanese, and all other Per Cent op Total. Native white— Native parentage Native white— Foreign or mixed parentage Foreign-born white Negro Citizenship of Fokeign-Boen White. Naturalized Having first papers Alien Unknown ] ILLITERACY Illiterate Males of Voting Age. Total number UUterate Per cent illiterate Per cent in 1900 Native white, number illiterate Per cent illiterate Foreign-bom white, number illiterate Per cent illiterate Negro, number illiterate Per cent illiterate Persons 10 Years Old and Over. Total number Humber illiterate Per cent Illiterate Native white, number Number ilUterate Per cent iUiterate Foreign-born white, number Number Illiterate Per cent illiterate Negro, number Number illiterate Per cent illiterate Persons 10 to 20 Years, inclusive. Total number Number illiterate Per cent Illiterate SCHOOL AGE AND ATTENDANCE Total number fi to 20 years, Inclusive Number attending school Per cent attending school Number 6 to 9 years Number attending school Number 10 to 14 years Number attending school Number 15 to 17 years Number attending school Number 18 to 20 years Number attending school Persons 6 to 14 Years, mcLusrv^ I'otal number Number attending school Per cent attending school Native white— Native parentage, number Number attending school Per cent attending school Native white— Foreign or mixed parentage, number Number attending school Per cent attending school Foreign-born white, number Number attending school Per cent attending school Negro, number Number attending school Per cent attending school DWELLINGS AND FAMILIES Dwellings, number Families, number New York.i 1,383,779 1,378,713 1,349,662 1,343,666 29,935 34,716 851,490 611,618 118,661 9S,S79 179,343 Ue,mi 142,770 36,673 629,922 SS3,997 22,548 ll,S95 4,016 13.9 21.0 62.0 2.6 182,035 67,609 233,747 46,631 68, 250 6.8 r.r 723 0.2 56,669 10.7 571 2.6 2,212,725 165,001 7.4 976,785 2,767 0.3 1,205,600 160,029 13.3 56,986 1,892 663,729 16,660 2.9 751,471 449,902 187,742 160,125 230,913 216,669 147,219 56,065 185,597 17,053 418,655 376,794 90.0 80,014 71,344 89.2 248,066 226, 177 90.8 84,958 75,378 88.7 5,506 4,802 87.2 104,143 587,442 Niagara. 47,827 44,209 47,373 43,826 233 202 30,343 IS, 096 10,117 8,0SB 8,108 6,169 6,673 2,435 11,804 7,96S 181 S17 133 33.3 26.7 38.9 0.6 5,231 616 4,804 1,163 1,667 6.5 i-S 96 0.6 1,522 12.9 24 13.3 75,034 2,948 61,165 212 0.4 23,168 2,641 11.4 386 45 11.7 17,670 218 1.2 23,915 15,640 65.4 6,245 6,336 7,577 7,193. 4,747 2,452 5,346 669 13,822 12,629 00.6 6,729 6,096 90.6 6,850 5,340 91.3 1,141 1,008 88.3 42 32 19,487 21,120 Oneida. 77,091 77,066 76,739 76,737 328 304 49, 176 40,841 20,047 16,806 13,308 12,639 9,322 3,986 16,577 11, SOS 229 179 14 40.8 27.1 31.7 0.6 7,551 823 5,877 1,326 3,949 8.0 660 2.0 3,259 20.9 28 12.2 127,835 8,376 94,572 1,339 1.4 32,679 6,984 21.4 547 49 9.0 29,390 1,129 3.8 39,204 24,324 62.0 9,814 8,161 12,392 11,486 8,040 3,676 8,958 1,011 22,206 19,637 88.4 12, 570 11,219 89.3 7,784 6,817 87.6 1,750 1,616 86.6 93 80 28,466 36,746 Onondaga. 101,800 98,498 100,831 97,610 677 619 66, 139 BB,08S 28,946 22,eeL 16,782 H,'H 12,146 4,636 19,732 U,71B 507 426 172 43.8 25.4 29.8 0.8 9,177 1,065 6,176 3,314 3,856 6.8 i-1 337 0.7 3,427 17.4 34 6.7 166,738 7,391 4.4 126,652 714 0.6 38,527 6,491 16.8 1,117 59 6.3 37,299 791 2.1 49,979 31,931 63.9 12,680 10,681 16,072 14, 749 9,974 4,864 11,253 1,740 28,762 25,330 88.1 15,800 13,961 88.3 11,108 9,813 88.3 1,588 1,336 84.1 161 135 89.4 38,175 47,326 Ontario. 26,235 26,051 26,068 26,861 176 190 17,072 16,006 9,654 8,806 4,056 S,717 2,899 1,156 3,362 S,S42 100 ISS 1 66.0 23.8 19.7 0.6 1,993 187 802 665 3.9 4.5 106 0.8 562 16.4 6 6.0 43,443 1,338 3.1 36,466 225 0.6 1,095 16.4 291 17 5.8 9,330 102 1.1 12,780 9,348 73.1 3,450 3,003 4,214 4,071 2,640 1,694 2,576 7,664 7,074 92.3 5,467 6,041 92.2 1,883 1,768 93.4 242 213 88.0 72 62 12,608 13,107 Orange. 69,'716 66,286 67,985 54,877 1,680 1,401 38,387 SI, 834 20,665 17, 761 6,668 6,062 4,836 1,832 9,995 7,126 1,112 862 47 53.6 17.4 26.0 3,751 695 3,818 1,831 1,962 5.1 6.2 1.6 1,446 14.6 113 10.2 96, 736 3,645 3.7 75,473 778 1.0 18,639 2,540 13.6 2,668 222 8.6 22,639 329 1.5 30,287 18,663 61.6 7,648 6,246 9,750 9,018 6,088 2,747 6,801 662 17,398 16,264 '87.7 11,318 9,987 88.2 4,905 4,322 88.1 735 596 81.1 437 356 81.5 22,063 26,964 Orleans. 16,289 15,711 16,221 16,630 66 81 10,366 9, BIS 4,990 4,700 2,366 2,063 1,605 751 2,974 2,704 44 1 48.1 22.7 28.7 0.4 1,776 140 738 320 497 4.8 4-r 64 0.7 435 14.6 7 26,436 977 3.7 20,665 97 0.5 5,650 865 15.3 119 14 11.8 6,109 79 1.3 8,211 6,474 66.7 2,102 1,621 2,658 2,659 1,634 957 1,817 337 4,760 4,180 87.8 2,632 2,297 87.3 1,880 1,673 89.0 225 196 87.1 23 14 7,710 8,021 Oswego. 36,120 35,644 35,791 35,429 325 112 23,267 21,926 14,088 13,281 4,987 B,286 3,224 1,763 3,892 S,304 298 62 2 60.5 21.4 16.7 1.3 1,538 105 1,189 1,060 913 3.9 6.0 331 1.7 678 14.9 3 1.0 59,483 1,615 2.7 61,232 629 1.0 7,830 1,076 13.7 418 13,481 124 0.9 10,655 9,267 87.0 8,679 7,483 87.2 1,787 1,655 87.0 266 208 78.5 23 21 17,405 18,330 Otsego. 23,396 23,773 23,336 44 60 16,342 16,394 13,482 13,606 1,554 1,609 883 671 1,266 1,229 38 82.5 9.5 7.7 0.2 631 65 182 2.8 S.4 209 1.4 245 19.4 4 40,165 727 1.8 37,784 317 0.8 2,280 399 17.5 99 11 7,764 69 0.8 8,180 10,516 1,883 7,169 65.4 68.2 4,699 2,761 3,716 2,093 6,966 3,468 6,561 3,235 3,783 2,092 2,032 1,374 3,742 2,194 684 467 6,229 6,328 85.5 6,633 4,802 85.2 622 461 88.3 68 60 12,389 13,343 Putnam. 8,140 8,005 6,468 133 67 6,678 4,621 2,780 2,802 691 B8e 621 170 1,997 1,091 108 ss 2 4S.8 12.4 35.8 1.9 657 61 1,087 292 633 9.6 7.6 106 3.1 415 20.8 12 11.1 12,290 825 6.7 8,924 199 2.2 3,188 608 19.0 176 20 11.4 2,598 85 3.3 3,536 2,266 64.1 937 778 1,075 1,014 724 388 799 2,012 1,792 89.1 1,346 1,187 88.2 561 609 92.4 100 84 84.0 15 12 3,155 3,376 > Xatire w'.iites havin.'; both parents born in countries other than specified, and also those having both parents of foreign birth but born in different countries 616 SUPPLEMENT FOR NEW YORK. Table I.— COMPOSITION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF THE Queens.i Rensse- laer. Rich- mond. Rock- land. St. Law- rence. Saratoga. Schenec- tady. Scho- harie. Schuyler. Seneca. Steuben. POPULATION Total population, 1910. 1900 1890 1880 1870 Increase, 1900-1910 Per cent ol increase. Increase, 1890-1900 Per cent of increase . Land area (square miles) Population per square mile, 1910 Rural population per square mile, 1910 Urban and Etjbal Teeeitoey. tTzban, 1910— Places of 2,500 or more in 1910.. Same places in 1900 Per cent ol increase, 1900-1910 Bnial, 1910— Remainder of county in 1910 Same territory in 1900 Per cent of increase, 1900-1910 Urban, 1900— Places of 2,500 or more in 1900. . . Rural, 1900 — Remainder of county In 1900 Per cent in places of 2,500 or more, 1910 Per cent in places of 2,500 or more, 1900 COLOR AKD NATIVITY White Number in 1900 Number in 1890 Negro Number in 1900. Number in 1890 . Black Mulatto Ind., ChL, Jap., and all other (see Tables 1 and 17) . Native white— Native parentage Number in 1900 Native white — Foreign or mixed parentage Number in 1900 Native white — Foreign parentage Native white — Mixed parentage PoiBign-born white Number in 1900 Pek Cent of Total Population. Native white— Native parentage Per cent in 1900 Native white— Foreign or mixed parentage . . . Per cent in 1900 Foreign-bom white Per cent in 1900..- Negro Per cent in 1900 FOREIGN NATIONALITIES FOEEIGN-BOEN WHITE: Bornin — Austria Canada— French Canada — Other I)enmark England Finland France Germany Greece Holland.... Hungary.. Ireland Italy Norway — Roumania. . Russia Scotland Sweden Switzerland Turkey Wales Other foreign countries. Native White: Both parents born in — Austria Canada — French Canada — Other England France Germany Holland . . Hungary . Ireland . . . Italy Norway.. Russia... Scotland Sweden Switzerland Wales All others of foreign parentage « 284,041 152,999 128,059 90,574 73,803 131,042 85.6 24,940 19.5 105 2,705.2 284,041 152,999 85.6 152,999 100.0 100.0 280, 691 leo.sse »,611 S,CB9 2,445 753 152 80,607 41,668 120, 969 eS,96B 88,152 32, 817 79, 115 U,816 28.4 «r.« 42.6 41.8 27.9 29.2 1.1 1.7 5,611 186 1,048 634 4,579 222 1,140 30, 262 71 182 1,716 8,671 11, 154 529 148 8,396 1,688 1,446 . 896 132 78 537 3,962 122 363 2,699 657 42,697 105 692 13,741 7,741 242 4,089 1,076 960 411 50 8,659 U2,276 121,697 124,611 116,328 679 0.5 -2,814 —2.3 663 184.4 44.1 93,066 90,698 2.6 29,220 30,999 —5.7 88,887 32,810 76.1 73.0 85,969 67,021 51,693 38,991 33,029 18,948 28.3 16,328 29.7 48 1,791.0 86,969 67,021 28.3 67,021 100.0 100.0 46,873 38,298 36,162 27,690 25,213 8,575 22.4 3,136 8.9 183 256.1 185.4 12,951 11,829 9.5 33,922 26,469 28.2 10, 210 28,088 27.6 26.7 89,006 89,083 85,048 85,997 84,826 —78 —0.1 4,035 4.7 2,701 33.0 21.9 29,749 24,964 19.2 69,256 64,129 —7.6 22,922 66, 161 33.4 25.7 61,917 61,089 57,663 56, 166 61,529 828 1.4 3,426 6.9 823 76.2 42.8 26,710 24,173 10.5 35, 207 36, 916 — i.6 24,173 36,916 43.1 88,235 46,852 29,797 23,638 21,347 41,38? 88.3 17,055 67.2 206 428.3 60.4 75,783 31,682 139.2 12,452 15,170 —17.9 31,682 15,170 85.9 67.6 23,856 26,854 29,164 32,910 33,340 14,004 15,811 16,711 18,842 18,989 —2,999 —11.2 -2.310 -7.9 —1,807 —11.4 -900 —5.4 642 37.2 37.2 23,855 26,854 —11.2 26,864 336 41.7 33.3 2,817 2,943 —4.3 11, 187 12,868 —13.1 2,943 12,868 20.1 18.6 26,972 28,114 28,227 29,278 27,823 —1,142 -4.1 —113 —0.4 80.3 49.0 10,619 10,775 —2.4 16,463 17,339 -nS.l 10,775 17,339 39.0 38.3 121,462 lit, 005 123,709 657 788 694 104 16 60,644 55,431 39,762 4!!,6S7 27,852 11,910 21, 166 n,9S7 49.5 45.5 32.5 S5.0 17.3 18.8 0.7 0.6 84,756 66, 863 60,712 1,162 1,072 964 1,060 61 28,243 22, 778 32,235 24,504 22,592 9,643 24,278 18,681 32.9 S4.0 37.5 se.e 28.2 27.7 1.3 1.6. 45,324 S6,2S8 33,900 1,634 2,041 1,255 1,161 373 15 22,711 19,826 12,909 9,196 9,210 3,699 9,704 7,218 48.5 51.8 27.6 24 20.7 18.8 3.3 5.3 88,863 88,997 51,024 48,725 24,686 26,464 11,630 13,056 13,153 13,808 67.3 54.7 27.7 29.7 14.8 16.6 0.1 0.1 61,183 60,228 56,877 837 761 497 200 37 37,686 38,341 14,678 14,043 9,473 6,105 8,920 7,8U 60.9 62.8 23.5 23.0 14 4 12. « 1.1 1.4 87,887 46,659 29,648 165 141 240 48 60 41, 104 SS,7SS 25, 788 13,265 18,848 6,940 20,995 9,661 46.6 50.7 29.2 28.3 23.8 SO. 6 0.3 0.4 23,631 26,554 28,834 224 297 317 183 41 21,887 24,860 1,093 1,038 572 621 651 656 91.8 92.6 4.6 S.9 2.7 2.4 0.9 1.1 13, 802 16.631 16, Pl 184 178 218 138 46 18 12,020 13,522 85.8 85.5 8.6 8.9 4.3 4-4 1.3 1.1 26,848 27,979 28,039 122 134 182 108 14 18,325 19,117 4,997 6,609 3,270 1,727 3,526 3,353 67.9 68.0 18.5 19.6 13.1 11.9 0.5 0.5 1,107 783 767 675 1,963 11 98 3,100 55 250 93 6,954 1,858 44 14 1,785 678 88 112 605 112 104 651 987 364 1,604 84 4,844 156 16 13, 872 755 10 1,229 637 35 65 84 2,770 1,085 39 677 209 1,904 129 322 5,368 53 63 799 4,017 4,260 1,376 38 2,213 564 622 241 34 62 303 486 22 179 979 122 6,069 30 273 6,259 3,005 694 1,040 353 285 63 23 2,810 1,034 60 206 44 618 39 106 1,876 33 61 696 1,197 2,218 55 16 863 204 296 74 16 12 91 726 46 61 409 108 2,387 20 247 2,350 1,137 29 471 118 169 18 10 915 184 2,746 6,064 9 603 27 245 20 4 187 1,629 763 19 42 224 256 64 21 48 63 45 17 2,260 2,468 627 36 199 4 32 3,574 157 9 76 636 23 7 63 1,643 267 842 421 29 943 16 41 701 9 39 97 2,141 2,168 34 2 627 211 145 30 57 14 167 807 160 698 18 871 40 52 4,268 901 8 326 198 86 18 7 1,329 501 803 201 1,643 12 68 4,068 102 70 931 1,486 4,303 80 22 4,004 661 316 170 33 74 129 789 434 297 1,087 48 5,761 53 403 3,010 2,143 26 2,274 18 92 2 2 22 94 215 1 11 4 39 6 208 4 5 153 76 1 6 174 191 2 1 4 11 6 7 94 12 177 110 462 6 19 526 14 7 27 1,111 720 349 96 37 12 30 368 12 506 10 3 1,752 161 349 184 10 9 299 83,362 82.822 81,473 77,586 67,717 640 0.7 1,349 1.7 1,401 59.5 37.2 31,231 27,973 11.6 62, 131 64,849 —5.0 27,973 64,849 37.5 33. S 83,000 82, 321 80,981 357 4SS 485 244 113 66,148 63,117 12,154 13,171 7,442 4,712 5,698 6,032 78.2 78. S 14.6 15.9 6.8 r.j 0.4 0.9 174 26 358 16 722 32 64 1,183 21 8 23 1,659 794 72 140 179 50 36 60 17 69 515 24 2,094 12 3,454 297 12 49 146 86 57 27 633 1 For changes in boundaries, etc., see page 646. STATISTICS OF POPULATION. POPULATION FOR THE STATE AND FOR COUNTIES— Continued. 617 Total... Hale Female. White... Male... Female. Negro.. .Male Female. SEX MALES OF VOTIHG AGE Total nnmbeT Number in 1900 Native white — Native parentage Number in 1900 Native white — Foreign or mixed parentage Number in 1900 Native white— Foreign parentage Native white — Mixeoparentage Foreign-born white Number in 1900 Negro Number in 1900 Indian, Chinese, Japanese, and all other Fee Cent of Total. Native white— Native parentage Native white— Foreign or mixed parentage Foreign-horn white T Negro Citizenship op Fobeiqn-Boen White. Naturalized Having first papers Alien Unknown ILLITERACY Ilutebate Males of Voting Age. Total number illiterate. Per cent ilhterate Per cent in 1900... Native white^ number illiterate. Per cent illiterate Foreign-bom white, number illiterate. Per cent illiterate Negro, number illiterate Per cent illiterate Persons 10 Yeabs Old and Over. Total number Number Illiterate.. Per cent illiterate. . Native white; number. Number illiterate. . Per cent illiterate. . Foreign-bom white, number. Number illiterate Per cent illiterate Negro, number Number illiterate Per cent illiterate Pebsons 10 TO 20 Years, dtclusive. Total number Number illiterate. , Per cent illiterate. , SCHOOL AGE AND ATTENDANCE Total number 6 to 20 years, inclusive Number attending school Per cent attending school Number 6 to 9 years Number attending school Number 10 to 14 years Number attending school Number 15 to 17 years Number attending school Number 18 to 20 years Number attending school Persons 6 to 14 Years, DfCLtrsrvE. • Total number Number attending school Per cent attending school Native white— Native parentage, number Number attending school Per cent attending school Native white— Foreign or mixed parentage, number. Number attending school Per cent attending school Foreign bom white, number Number attending school Per cent attending school , Negro, number Number attending school Per cent attending school DWELLINGS AND FAMILIES Dwellings, number Families, number Queens.i Rensse- laer. Rich- mond. Rock- land. St. Law- rence. Saratoga. Schenec- tady. Scho- harie. Schuyler. Seneca. Steuben. 144,205 68,606 44,707 24,379 45,046 31,318 47,060 12,149 6,941 13,606 42,619 139,836 63,771 41,262 22,491 43,960 30,699 41,176 11,706 7,063 13,367 10,813 142,620 58,128 44,127 23,524 44,964 30,980 46,869 12,028 6,836 13,547 42,326 138,071 63,334 40,629 21,800 43,899 30,203 41,018 11,603 6,967 13,301 40,674 1,440 362 623 840 25 314 131 121 94 66 190 1,758 436 629 694 31 383 157 103 90 66 167 82,373 37,633 26,600 14,371 28,186 20,413 30,140 8,197 1,694 9,668 28,019 43,170 SB, ess w,m 11,866 S7,479 19,076 16,969 8,964 6,m 9,6S6 B6,97S 16,724 16,447 7,225 6,057 14,417 11,456 13,602 7,347 3,946 6,984 20,370 8,4S1 U,S07 6,766 6,046 1S,4S7 7,819 11,SS0 7,767 8,088 4,364 6,109 '¥M 26,206 11,296 6,905 2,636 4,140 6,718 383 401 1,743 4,349 11, SOS 10,699 6,S48 6,126 g,066 7,918 8,866 S,282 389 616 1,816 i-^A 20,709 8,647 1,935 4,346 2,886 4,139 208 256 1,210 2,945 6,497 2,749 1,779 701 3,473 1,254 1,679 176 145 633 1,404 38,350 9,507 11,977 6,116 6,894 4,679 10, 767 396 280 1,788 3,163 ll.SSS 9,946 8,766 s,7es 6,087 S,698 4,842 399 *I2 1,664 S,180 959 268 337 550 19 216 93 71 62 41 144 681 197 SOO 969 17 174 4S 87 62 € 176 36 22 60 S 2 3 20.3 43.8 27.3 42.1 61.2 56.1 44.8 89.6 84.1 62.6 72.7 31.8 30.1 26.1 18.3 27.7 20.3 19.0 4.7 8.6 18.2 15. S 46.6 25.3 45.2 35.6 20.9 22.4 36.7 4.8 6.0 18.7 11.3 1.2 0.7 1.3 3.8 0.1 1.1 0.3 0.9 1.3 0.4 0.6 21,019 6,133 5,937 1,999 2,363 2,114 4,463 141 172 795 2,210 3,848 336 908 247 172 165 820 13 24 49 136 11,089 2,236 4,116 2,260 2,024 1,659 4,4'6 178 73 602 687 2,394 802 1,016 610 1,336 641 1,008 64 11 442 120 3,836 1,153 1,301 1,047 7.3 2,196 1,406 1,990 368 76 127 923 4.7 3.1 4.9 7.8 6.9 6.6 4.6 L6 4.6 3.3 l-i 6.0 4-4 9.6 10.0 6.0 6.6 i-4 S.l S.9 4-0 143 326 63 176 1,041 334 113 260 39 118 460 0.3 1.2 0.4 2.0 4.7 2.1 0.6 3.4 0.9 1.5 1.9 3,618 811 1,200 817 1,133 1,051 1,850 96 27 302 441 9.4 8.5 10.0 16.0 19.2 23.0 17.2 24.2 9.6 16.9 14.0 54 15 26 62 5 16 3 12 8 7 22 7.4 7.4 15.3 222,177 103,350 68,291 37,447 72,649 61,666 70,572 20,264 11,887 23,128 69,343 8,374 2,516 2,690 1,837 3,804 2,484 3,719 652 112 784 1,432 3.8 2.4 3.9 4.9 5.2 4.8 6.3 3.2 1.2 3.4 2.1 142,020 81,889 43,664 26,735 69,892 42,296 49,969 19,458 11,137 19,675 63,455 399 632 169 351 1,748 540 268 484 63 210 691 0.3 0.8 0.4 1.3 2.9 1.3 0.5 2.5 0.6 1.1 1.1 77,359 20, '52 23,625 9,467 12,640 8, '24 20,287 637 584 3,446 6,575 7,819 1,842 2,448 1,378 2,012 1,890 3,417 148 65 652 70S 10.1 8.9 10.4 14.6 15.9 21.7 16.8 23.2 11.1 16.0 12.7 2,655 693 943 1,240 63 613 256 169 153 105 310 135 40 60 106 16 50 10 20 13 22 33 5.1 62,152 5.8 23,488 6.4 17,986 8.5 10,039 8.2 11,407 3.9 15,518 11.8 4,122 8.S 2,307 21.0 4,139 10 6 16,962 15,082 754 190 230 166 178 191 342 34 13 40 64 1.2 0.8 1.3 1.6 1.1 1.7 2.2 0.8 0.6 1.0 0.4 86,030 31,166 26,089 14,077 23,328 16,397 21,893 6,680 3,122 6,661 20,631 67,618 20,873 17,611 9.467 67.3 16,139 10,489 14,016 4,013 2,357 1,067 15,081 67.0 67.0 70.2 69.2 68.1 64.0 71.9 75.5 71.8 73.4 23,878 7,668 7,103 4,038 6,376 3,990 6,375 1,458 815 1,612 5,462 21,446 6,876 6,380 3,300 6,050 3,437 6,231 1,211 709 1,262 4,865 29,045 9,900 8,746 4,978 7,690 4,972 6,889 1,907 1,063 1,877 6,675 27, 745 9,574 8,415 4,674 7,302 4,764 6,417 1,833 1,045 1,834 6,533 16,281 6,618 4,515 2,476 4,646 3,166 3,966 1,184 622 1,117 4,191 6,793 3,412 2,327 1,234 2,861 1,821 1,866 800 452 726 2,780 16, 826 7,070 4,725 2,685 4,617 3,270 4,663 1,031 622 1,146 4,215 1,634 1,011 489 259 936 467. 502 169 151 235 913 52,923 17,568 15,849 9,016 14,066 8,962 13,264 3,365 1,878 3,389 12,127 49,191 16,450 14,795 7,974 12,352 8,201 11, 648 3,044 1,754 3,096 11,388 92.9 93.6 93.3 88.4 87.8 91.5 87.8 90.6 93.4 91.4 93.9 20,449 10,737 6,497 4,810 9,645 6,122 6,372 3,153 1,670 2,726 10,568 19,106 10,068 6,072 4,266 8,519 5,606 6,644 2,859 1,559 2,495 9,915 93.4 93.8 93.6 88.7 88.3 91.6 88.6 90.7 93.4 91.5 93.8 29,310 6,116 8,181 3,611 3,749 2,4'5 6,768 151 153 551 1,367 27,238 6,723 7,680 3,205 3,271 2,276 6,035 136 144 502 1,305 92.9 93.6 93.9 88.8 87.2 92.0 87.3 90.1 94.1 91.1 95.5 2,739 613 991 387 660 280 1,092 22 21 102 152 2,458 565 882 325 553 241 943 15 21 92 134 89.7 418 92.2 102 89.0 177 84.0 207 83.8 4 86.1 81 86.4 32 90.2 10 39 29 39 382 94 168 178 4 76 26 34 26 7 33 91.4 92.2 89.3 86.0 39,764 20,935 14,125 9,072 20,646 13,125 14,052 6,256 4,014 6,305 20,600 62,001 29,592 17,718 9,955 21, 336 15,182 19,624 6,616 4,161 6,462 21,681 > Native whites having both parents bom in countries other than specified, and also those having both parents of foreign birth but bom in different countries. 618 SUPPLEMENT FOR NEW YORK. Table I. -COMPOSITION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF THE POPULATION Sullivan. Total population, 1910 . 1900 1890 1880 1870 Increase, 1900-1910 Per cent of increase . Increase, 1890-1900 Per cent of increase . Land area (square miles) Population per square mile, 1910 Bural population per square mile, 1910 Ukban and Eubal Tebsitoet. TTrban, 1910— Places of 2,500 or more in 1910. Same places in 1900 Percent of increase, 1900-1910 Bnial, 1910 — Remainder of county in 1910. . . Same territory in 1900 Per cent of increase, 1900-1910 TJrtan, 1900— Places of 2,500 or more in 1900. . Bural, 1900— Remainder of county in 1900 — Per cent in places of 2,500 or more, 1910 Per cent in places of 2,500 or more, 1900 COLOR AND NATIVITY ■White I Number in 1900 S* Number in 1890 Negro Number in 1900.. Number in 1890. Black Mulatto Ind., Chi., Jap., and all other (see Tables 1 and 17). Native white— Native parentage Number in 1900 Native white— Foreign or mixed parentage Number in 1900 Native white — Foreign parentage Native white— Mixed parentage Foreign-bom white Number in 1900 Peb Cent op Total Population. Native white — Native parentage Per cent in 1900 Native white- Foreign or mixed parentage. . . Per cent in 1900 Foreign-bom white Per cent i» 1900 Negro Per cent in 1900 FOREIGN NATIONALITIES FoKEiGN-BORN ^^HiTE: Bomin — Austria Canada — French ■ Canada— Other Denmark England Finland France Germany Greece Holland.... Hungary... Ireland Italy Norway — Boumanla.. Russia Scotland Sweden...- Switzerland Turkey Wales Other foreign countries. Nattve White: Both parents barn in — Austria Canada— French Canada — Other England France Germany Holland . . Hungary. Ireland . . . Italy Norway.. Russia — Scotland Sweden Switzerland Wales All others of foreign parentage '.. 96,133 77,582 62, 491 S3, 883 46,924 18, 556 23.9 15,091 24.1 924 104.0 84.6 17,947 13, 746 30.6 78, 191 . 63, 837 22.6 2,926 74,666 18.7 3.8 Tioga. 33, 808 32, 306 31,031 32,491 34,550 1,502 4.6 1,276 4.1 1,002 33.7 33.7 93,073 7t,i98 eo,oei 2,771 3,036 2,371 2,608 163 294 48,211 Ui'i'OT 22,867 U,9il 15,805 7,062 21,995 14,860 50.1 67.6 23.8 19.3 22.9 18.9 2.9 3.9 33, 808 32, 306 4.6 32, 306 1,866 67 350 192 1,756 108 276 4,426 27 400 345 4,218 2,227 287 33 3,708 470 635 290 29 62 244 1,340 37 73 861 67 4,051 335 150 3,374 1,069 83 1,765 187 240 88 12 2,083 33,742 32,2.19 30,963 21,379 22,209 7,877 6,972 5,411 2,466 4,486 3,038 63.2 68.7 23.3 21.6 13.3 25, 624 27,951 29, 935 32, 673 30, 572 -2,327 -8.3 -1, 984 -6.6 520 49.3 31.0 9,488 9,504 -0.2 16, 136 18, 447 -12.6 9,504 18, 447 37.0 34.0 Tomp- kins. Ulster. 33, 647 33, 830 32, 923 34, 446 33, 178 -183 -0.5 907 2.8 476 70.7 39.6 14, 802 13, 136 12.7 18,845 20,694 -8.9 13, 136 20,694 44.0 38.8 0.2 0.3 268 3 63 18 193 1 31 1,412 4 10 126 458 124 3 42 1,437 76 43 114 18 9 45 166 1 7 147 16 2,381 10 62 1,042 64 3 830 36 126 4 435 26,379 27,641 29,672 ■2A3, 309 380 198 44 22,288 24,008 2,169 2,686 1,189 980 922 1,047 87.0 86.9 8.6 9.S 3.6 3.7 0.9 1.1 35 6 65 3 145 33,114 33,386 32,620 533 469 397 387 146 91, 769 88, 422 87,062 85, 838 84,075 3,347 3.8 1,360 1.6 1,140 80.5 51.6 32, 951 31,111 5.9 58, 818 67, 311 2.6 31,111 67, 311 35.9 35.2 110 4 2 3 267 194 4 1 18 19 7 11 23 1 18 120 13 203 79.4 80.3 11.6 12.2 7.4 6.1 1.6 1-4 144 26 224 6 363 1 11 140 89,737 87,067 86,813 2,026 1,361 1,248 1,806 220 6 Warren. Washing- ton. 32,223 29, 943 27, 866 26, 179 22, 692 2,280 7.6 2,077 7.5 879 36.7 19.3 15,243 12,613 20.9 16,980 17, 330 -2.0 12,613 17, 330 47.3 . 42.1 Wayne. 47, 778 45,624 46,690 47, 871 49, 568 2,154 4.7 -66 -0.1 837 57.1 35.8 17, 788 15,071 18.0 29,990 30, 653 -1.8 15, 071 30,563 37.2 33.0 26,731 SI, ITS 27,177 61,230 3,896 17,782 4,122 18,667 2,339 12,315 1,567 6,467 2,487 14,227 2,067 9,260 612 263 15 74 68 60 19 107 15 21 62.9 69.2 19.4 18.7 16.6 10.6 2.2 1.6 894 80 206 58 604 26 63 2,418 34 41 515 1,800 4,957 92 28 1,862 155 150 84 66 13 91 106 390 16 49 47 60 2.W 397 X 33 201 3,537 3 28 131 244 1,103 3,937 69 1,588 5 23 68 986 44 111 26 63 10 18 11 6 237 866 32, 179 29,849 27,766 25 63 66 23 2 19 23,361 21,482 6,859 6,766 3,614 2,246 2,959 2,612 72.6 71.7 18.2 19.2 9.2 8.7 0.1 0.2 23 417 206 23 164 1 7 91 16 10 8 967 353 6 417 40 66 13 110 5 23 7 502 123 140 8 102 6 6 2,061 47,576 46,379 46,438 197 237 238 153 44 31, 107 29,686 10,363 10,482 6,464 3,904 6,101 6,212 65.1 86.1 21.7 2S.0 12.8 11.4 0.4 0.6 476 641 275 11 312 60, 179 48,660 49, 729 51, 700 47,710 1,519 3.1H -1,069 -2.1 599 83.8 61.4 13, 382 11, 385 17.5 36,797 37,275 -1.3 11,385 37,275 26.7 23.4 West- chester.! 283,055 184, 257 146,772 108, 988 131, 348 98, 798 53.6 37, 486 25.5 448 631.8 120.0 229,287 132, 762 72.7 63,768 51,495 4.4 129,414 64,843 81.0 70.2 20 128 lb 11 93 1,799 847 22 233 63 28 6 9 267 189 107 94 58 11 981 191 829 114 197 13 129 11 23 3,467 227 49,980 48,401 49,4£9 194 246 297 168 26 29,362 28,837 13, 198 12,688 8,861 4,337 7,420 58.5 69. S 26.3 26.0 14.8 14.2 0.4 0.6 43 61 554 14 339 1 21 1,123 2 546 273,827 178,742 143,272 6,318 3,416 7,644 1,342 242 102,489 76,941 90,295 66,363 65, 683 24,612 81,043 46,438 36.2 41.2 31.9 SO. 8 28.6 26.2 3.2 2.9 Wyo- ming. Yates. 31, 880 30, 413 31, 193 30, 907 29,164 ,1,467 4.8 -780 -2.6 601 S3.0 40.4 7,594 5,811 30.7 24,286 24,602 -1.3 5,811 24,602 23.8 19.1 31,790 30,366 31, 132 21,419 20,203 6,976 6,877 4,295 2,681 3,395 3,286 67.2 88.4 21.9 22.8 10.6 10.8 0.3 0.2 6,038 266 1,697 464 5,664 617 762 8,990 211 226 4,262 16, 621 21,796 668 121 7,022 2,786 2,240 94 582 426 2 193 11 179 161 703 5 3,479 48 131 106 437 876 3,120 34 324 2,166. ""10,998 3,025 131 1 2,655 1,167 19,696 660 11,072 1 225 . 53 3,730 63 1,615 26 1,137 43 209 4 109 601 6,715 195 36 1 40 881 14 14 18 563 367 6 2 56 26 90 295 47 1,747 18,642 20, 318 21,001 21,087 19,595 -1,676 -8.2 -683 -3.3 343 54.3 40.9 4,597 4,650 -1.1 14,045 15,66S -10.4 4,650 15,668 24.7 22.9 18,507 20, 18B 20,863 134 m 143 114 20 14,501 16,672 2,596 2,886 1,482 1,114 1,410 1,628 77.8 77.1 13.9 14.2 7.6 8.0 0.7 o.e S 11 114 390 313 S 101 7 4 2 256 88 6 62 27 6 4 3 14 1 S 32 270 2 171 10 8 6 1,106 606 143 33 3 1 70 6 81 69 26 20 30 2 58 4 497 363 •Nati^wmte h'^aZg Sh pl?6nta b^om ta^^^^^ other than specified, and also those having both parents of foreign birth but born in different countries. STATISTICS OF POPULATION. POPULATION FOR THE STATE AND FOR COUNTIES— Continued. 619 Total. ..Male Female. SEX White... Male Female. Negro. ..Male Female. MALES OF VOTING AGE Total number Number in 1900. Native white— Native parentage NuTnbn in 1900 Native white — Foreign or mixed parentage Number in 1900 Native white — Foreign parentage Native white — Mixed parentage Foreign-bom white Number in 1900 Negro Number in 1900 Indian, Chinese, Japanese, and all other Per Cent of Total. Native white — Native parentage Native white — Foreign or mixed parentage Foreign-bom white Negro Citizenship of Fobeign-Born White. Naturalized Having first papers Alien ^Tnknown ILLITERACY Illiterate Males of Votino Aqe. Total number illiterate Per cent illiteratfl Per cent in 1900 Native white, number illiterate. . Per cent illiterate Foreign-bom white, number illiterate. Per cent illiterate Negro, number illiterate Per cent illiterate Persons 10 Years Old and Over. Total number ITumber Illiterate. Per cent illiterate. . Native white, number. Number illiterate. . , Per cent illiterate. . . Foreign-bom white, number Number illiterate Per cent illiterate Negro, number Number illiterate Per cent illiterate Persons 10 to 20 Years, inclusive. Total number Number illiterate Per cent illiterate SCHOOL AGE AND ATTENDANCE Total number 6 to 20 years, InclnslTe Number attending school Per cent attending school Number 6 to 9 years Number attending school Number 10 to 14 years Number attending school Number 15 to 17 years Number attending school Number 18 to 20 years Number attending school Persons 6 to 14 Years, incxusive. Suflolk. Total number Number attending school Per cent attending school Native white— Native parentage, number Number attending school Per cent attendmg school - - - - - Native white— Foreign or mixed parentage, number. Number attending school Per cent attending school Foreign-bom white, number Number attending school Per cent attending school Negro, number Number attending school Per cent attending school DWELLINGS AND FAMILIES Dwellings, number Families, numbei 49,037 47, 101 47,S22 45,551 1,342 1,429 32, 049 14,942 1S,S39 6,231 S.ISS 3,854 1,377 10,904 6,788 851 8S8 121 46.6 16.3 34.0 2.7 4,593 827 3,636 1,848 1,693 5.3 1.7 214 1.1 1,379 12.6 83 9.8 79,995 3,497 4.4 55,869 453 0.8 21,606 2,841 13.1 2,288 184 8.0 17,643 316 1.8 23,936 16, 694 66.6 6,293 6,212 7,991 7,463 4,711 2,388 4,941 631 14,284 12,675 88.7 7,834 6,961 88.9 5,395 4,820 89.3 686 483 82.4 414 363 87.7 20, 174 21,049 17, 157 16,651 17,124 16,618 31 33 10, 489 9,714 66.2 23.9 19.7 0.2 1,105 175 412 374 Tioga. Tomp- kins. 12,603 13,021 12,479 12,900 124 118 8,474 9,039 5,899 7,127 8,582 6,746 7,601 8,795 2,503 773 1,145 «,SSJ 8H 1,186 1,816 465 735 687 318 410 2,066 495 1,233 1,671 sn 979 19 79 173 S9 91 m 2 362 3.5 4.7 170 2.0 192 9.3 27,402 735 2.7 22,990 295 1.3 4,357 438 10.1 47 2 84.1 9.1 5,8 0.9 234 15 150 96 16,153 17,194 16,230 16,884 223 310 11, 133 11,129 2.6 3.8 118 1.5 94 19.0 6,781 34 0.5 9,382 6.363 67.8 2,601 2,004 3,289 3,087 1,870 1,082 1,622 192 5,890 5,091 86.4 4,264 3,744 87.8 1,379 1,147 83.2 231 186 80.1 16 15 21, 802 373 1.7 20,686 194 0.9 158 17.4 205 20 4,348 27 o.e 77.1 10.3 11.1 1.6 665, 56 427 186 6,865 4,251 72.5 l,5i7 1,243 1,924 1,873 1,228 863 1,196 272 3,441 3,116 90.6 3,152 2,841 90.1 226 216 95.6 18 16 227 2.0 S.7 78 0.8 138 11.2 11 6.4 28,725 438 1.5 25,823 136 0.5 2,438 271 11.1 464 31 6.7 6,626 42 0.7 Ulster. 48, 547 43,222 47, 182 42,565 1,369 667 31, 186 16,127 16,965 16,387 5,014 4,618 3,636 1,378 8,204 hm 997 436 6 64.4 16.1 26.3 3.2 2,669 425 4,320 790 Warren. 15,847 16,376 15,829 16,360 7 18 10, 274 9,096 7,037 6,200 1,818 1,700 1,225 593 1,407 1,168 5 26 7 68.5 17.7 13.7 7,681 5,536 73.0 1,955 1,639 2,413 2,312 1,683 1,119 1,630 406 4,368 3,951 90.5 3,626 3,273 90.3 603 560 92.9 78 63 3,082 9.9 8.8 748 3.4 2,169 26.4 165 16.6 76,166 5,247 60,476 1,403 2.3 13,900 3,570 25.7 1,784 274 15.4 18,478 486 2.6 7,833 8,280 6,969 7,375 8,577 9,321 24,722 15,063 60.9 6,244. 4,691 7,989 7,490 6,072 2,298 6,417 684 14, 233 12, 181 86.6 10,242 8,887 86.8 3,191 2,663 83.1 582 463 79.6 218 178 81.7 643 63 414 297 601 4.9 7.0 236 2.7 265 18.8 26, 825 861 3.2 23,909 377 1.6 2,879 16.8 20 Washing- ton. 24,402 23,376 24,291 23,285 106 91 15,777 14,370 9,221 8,601 3,300 3,127 2,2C« 1,032 3,174 2,666 77 70 58.4 20.9 20.1 0.6 1,617 95 1,187 375 1,172 7.4 6.6 384 3.1 772 24.3 15 6,040 50 0.8 18, 777 21,116 8.153 5,331 65.4 2,113 1,777 2,569 2,446 1,673 886 1,798 222 4,682 4,223 90.2 3,777 3,393 89.8 779 719 92.3 122 108 88.5 2 2 39,738 2,124 6.3 33,647 776 2.3 5,921 1,326 22.4 166 21 12.7 8,866 174 2.0 Wayne. 24, 808 25,371 24,697 25,283 109 86 16,418 16,298 8,819 8,4^7 3,970 3,624 2,875 1,096 3,566 3,264 71 53.7 24.2 21.7 0.4 2,188 246 742 380 711 4.3. 6.8 148 1.2 652 16.5 10 42,207 2,006 4.8 34,904 708 2.0 7,141 1,277 17.9 167 19 12.1 8,912 164 1.7 West- chester.! 143,784 .139,271 139,309 134,518 4,256 4,731 87,327 66,231 28,144 20,630 17,404 11,817 13,017 4,447 38,685 21,282 2,827 1,419 207 32.2 20.0 44.3 3.2 16,887 3,418 16,634 1,746 6,876 7.9 7.2 235 0,5 6,415 16.6 197 7.0 226, 812 13,983 6.2 140,206 536 0.4 78,856 12,914 16.4 7,516 502 6.7 56,318 1,516 2.7 Wyo- ming. 16, 073 15,807 16,024 16,766 47 41 Yates. 10,375 9,606 6,257 6,691 2,356 2,227 1,630 725 1,727 1,671 35 17 1 60.3 22.7 16.6 0.3 934 72 471 250 246 2.4 2.2 61 0.7 180 10.4 5 12,074 8,244 68.3 3,218 2,654 3,913 3,705 2,497 1,449 2,446 436 7,131 6, 359 89.2 5,340 4,784 89.6 1,526 1,368 89.0 239 193 80.8 26 24 7,318 7,991 11,999 8,325 69.4 ■ 3,087 2,671 3,899 3,781 2,427 1,438 2,686 435 6,986 6,462 92.4 4,561 4,205 92.2 2,019 1,885 93.4 383 346 90.3 23 16 11,086 11,811 12,805 13,414 77,317 52, 816 68.3 20,999 18. 771 25,299 24,341 14,247 7,513 16. 772 2,191 46,298 43, 112 93.1 19,368 17,994 92.9 22,335 21,034 94.2 3,395 3,044 89.7 1,190 1,032 86.7 26,628 477 1.8 23,201 115 0.5 3,351 354 10.6 74 8 6,964 64 0.9 7,940 5,380 67.8 1,986 1,645 2,688 2,488 1,628 944 1,738 303 4,574 4,133 90.4 3,685 3,239 90.3 896 820 91.5 86 70 40,429 67,924 7,972 8,188 9,281 9,361 9,213 9,294 68 66 6,274 6,688 4,743 6,062 791 811 500 291 701 779 39 U 75.8 12.6 11.2 0.6 105 94 151 2.5 2.B 101 1.8 SI 7.3 2 16,810 251 1.6 14,350 145 1.0 102 7.6 96 4 3,143 11 0.3 4,263 3,059 71.9 1,110 910 1,446 1,395 83S 567 859 187 2,556 2,305 90.2 2,097 1,892 90.2 385 348 90.4 46 40 27 24 6,087 5,260 = Less than one-tenth ot 1 per cent. 620 SUPPLEMENT FOR NEW YORK. Table II.— COMPOSITION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF THE [Per cent not shown where base is less than 100. SUBJECT. NAMED. Albany. Amster- dam.' Auburn. ^^^T' Buffalo. Elmira. towS- ^S=<»°- POPULATION 6,331,S71 4,651,462 3,463,234 2,577,720 1,972,873 1,680,109 36.1 1,188.228 34.3 100,253 94,151 94,923 90,758 69,422 6,102 6.5 -772 -0.8 31,267 20,929 17,336 9,466 5,426 10,338 49.4 3,693 20.7 34,668 30,345 25,858 21,924 17,225 4,323 14.2 4,487 It. 4 48,413 39,647 35,005 17,317 12,692 8,796 22.2 4,642 13.3 423,716 352,387 255,664 166,134 117,714 71,328 20.2 96.723 37.8 37,176 36,672 30,893 ?0,541 15,863 1,604 4.2 4,779 15.6 31,297 22,892 16,038 9,357 5,336 8,405 36.7 6,854 42.7 25,908 1900 24,535 1890 . 21,261 1880 18,344 1870 .... . 6,315 * Increase, 1900-1910 1,373 5.6 Increase, 1890-1900 3,274 ppr (v='nt of iTif>r'=^fw^ 15.4 COLOR AND NATIVITY "VHiite 6,218,843 i,S7B,0i8 (') 106,179 7«,S7S 80,162 26,017 470 4,945 1,116 18 1,503,740 l,17i,BS6 2,389,766 l,8S9,SiS 1,860,162 539,604 2,326,337 I,6l8,i69 23.7 BS.B 37.7 S9.S 36.7 SS.5 1.7 I.e 99,171 9B,96B 9S,7SB 1,037 1,178 1,122 757 280 11 30 4 31,142 B0,8S1 17,2^ 118 9i 88 100 18 34,128 S9,8lJi B5,iB7 527 507 m 476 51 1 3 9 47,796 S9,m Si,m 635 SOI 515 442 193 4 4 5 421,809 S60,S86 254, m 1,773 1,698 1,118 1,155 618 54 64 16 36,652 S4,858 S0,BS6 513 SOS 650 326 187 2 9 31,186 2B,81B 15,940 108 77 94 59 49 3 25,276 Number in l^X) 2S,98S B0,8S6 630 Number in 1900 545 Number in 1890 . . . 426 Black 545 Mulatto. . . . 85 5 2 2 Native white Native tiarentaee * .... 44,473 S8,iSl 36,533 se,8iB 25,619 10,914 18,165 17,689 44.4 iO.8 36.4 S9.1 18.1 18.8 1.0 l.S 10,637 8,S99 9,981 6,881 7,831 2,160 10,624 5,571 33.7 iO.l 31.9 SB. 8 34.0 26.6 0.4 0.4 16,791 U,1B0 10,717 10,277 7,326 3,392 7,620 5,il7 45.6 JiB.6 30.9 SS.9 22.0 17.9 1.5 1.7 30,490 , 26,228 9,916 8,651 6,778 3,138 7,389 A,26S 62.9 66. B 20.6 B1.8 15.3 10.8 1.3 l.S 119,692 90,860 183,673 165,716 132,939 60,734 118,444 104,010 28.2 BS.8 43.3 U-B 28.0 B9.5 0.4 0.5 21,721 19,507 9,672 9,86S 6,837 2,835 5,259 5,487 58.4 54.7 26.0 27.6 14.1 15.4 1.4 B.S 10,520 8,5S8 10,054 7,008 7,850 2,204 10,612 7,B66 33.6 S7.S 32.1 SO.fi 33.9 St. 7 0.3 O.S 14,778 1S,1S4 Native white — Foreign or mixed parentage 7,107 Number in 1900. ". ." T 7, SOS 4,966 2,141 3,391 Number in 1900 S,54S 57.0 Per cent in 1900 5S.5 Native white Foreien or mixed Darentaee 27.4 29.8 13.1 14.5 2.4 Per cent in 1900 B.S SEX 3,169,009 3,172,662 3,104,002 3,114,841 49,057 67,122 48,270 61,983 47,735 51,436 497 540 16,279 16,988 16,218 16,924 64 64 17,687 17,081 17,298 16,830 276 251 23,105 26,338 22,784 26,011 312 323 212,602 211,213 211,466 210,343 933 840 18,653 18,623 18,263 18,389 279 234 16,660 15,647 16,592 15,594 67 61 12,250 13,868 White Male 11,932 13,344 Ngcto Male 316 314 FOKEIGK NATIONALITIES FOEEIGN-BORN Weote: Born in^ 218,296 6,830 64,242 6,177 9,867 108,214 7,928 20,417 369,553 9,200 6,380 86, 193 303,728 401,361 23,265 34,002 629,091 31,129 45,193 12,949 8,096 4,570 18,656 113,385 4,744 14,744 3,663 50,909 8,651 477,996 3,931 37,286 402,715 221,990 9,638 261,071 17,164 24,062 4,773 193,450 586 286 666 10 61 1,282 15 120 4,620 83 281 67 4,545 2,205 31 44 2,446 356 96 93 113 33 128 311 261 164 20 1,038 74 8,717 262 32 9,668 971 8 1,696 334 19 62 2,102 2,554 107 172 1,480 126 396 4 7 1,063 1 18 746 22 11 74 1,503 1,595 9 1 250 202 34 21 36 2 31 655 91 126 3 757 13 1,012 23 22 3,199 489 5 106 161 17 7 639 425 47 207 7 18 494 6 26 681 52 11 1,769 1,831 595 19 2 859 124 66 43 23 24 62 86 45 49 9 286 26 784 20 906 3,449 219 2 303 102 41 10 442 9,284 566 16,713 35 200 7,066 58 682 43,811 220 314 2,442 9,423 11,399 253 106 11,349 1,978 1,021 639 207 97 581 5^143 302 3,612 69 3,682 936 74,423 299 646 16,436 7,323 109 6,132 1,068 664 471 12,735 221 21 194 3 13 383 1 19 1,162 17 10 42 1,277 919 13 12 658 94 71 29 29 9 62 122 12 48 9 284 22 1,714 2 29 2,906 477 6 443 98 77 20 568 35 24 281 1 274 1,118 18 37 256 41 10 13 244 939 42 11 48 52 6,929 23 2 186 28 17 22 51 126 515 13 379 10 2 447 344 7 7 28 5,372 3 607 210 34 58 4 47 793 1 14 1,702 16 4 41 978 1,750 7 5 2,128 134 34 74 6 6 51 1,206 129 54 16 360 20 2,047 15 11 1,567 896 1 648 111 15 53 682 7 Ensland 190 11 1,020 12 7 86 681 380 9 2 540 45 15 16 Turkey in Asia 37 7 20 Native White: Both parents born in— 182 23 17 3 130 Frfi.nnpi, , , ..... 5 1,813 Hnllfl.Tlf) . 7 66 1,739 Italy 171 8 480 Scotland 34 3 3 292 1 For changes In boundaries, etc., see page 646. ' Figures not available. • Except Porto Eico. STATISTICS OF POPULATION. POPULATION FOR CITIES OF 25,000 OR MORE. A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease.] 621 TOTAL.ailES NAMED. Albany. Amster- dam.! Aubum. Bingham- ton.i Buffalo. Elmira. James- town. Kinpton. 1,922,600 32,000 9,501 11,949 15,666 128, 133 11,991 10,023 7,55S i,seo,6ss 28,410 6,009 10,084 12,189 97,938 11,S4B 6,7S8 6,804 391,636 11,959 3,031 4,875 9,460 30,617 6,598 3,201 3,769 291,660 9,ees B,H7 i,Sll 7,996 20,418 6,8S8 2,679 S,124 474,988 11,435 1,739 3,060 2,644 40,446 2,705 1,747 2,003 SJl.m 10, m 1,SS1 2,987 2,199 SI, 90S s,7se 1,010 1,862 365,711 8,582 1,331 2,276 1,849 30,604 1,962 1,391 1,635 109,277 2,853 408 784 796 9,842 743 356 468 1,014,518 8,192 4,691 3,788 3,310 56,337 2,494 6,035 1,687 668,629 7,768 2,S09 2,680 1,846 44,S89 2,466 S,118 1,645 35,801 379 33 213 244 740 183 39 197 21, lis m 19 18S m 662 soe 28 170 6,558 35 7 13 8 93 11 1 2 20.4 37.4 31.9 40.8 60.4 23.8 56.0 31.9 49.9 24.7 36.7 18.3 25.6 16.9 31.6 22.6 17.4 26. S 52.8 26.6 49.4 31.7 21.1 44.0 20.8 60.2 21.0 1.9 1.2 0.3 1.8 1.6 0.6 1.8 0.4 2.6 409,900 4,827 1,808 1,743 1,260 29,409 1,648 2,741 955 120,665 462 252 209 238 4,319 94 453 82 399,509 1,661 2,310 1,680 1,060 16,265 669 1,095 352 84,444 1,242 321 156 752 6,354 83 746 198 117, 8SS 1,219 1,164 S16 435 6,664 345 316 403 6.1 3.8 12.3 5.1 2.8 4.4 2.9 3.2 6.3 6.0 2.7 6.7 S.2 2. 2 S.S s.i 0.9 r.« 2,979 100 23 29 81 326 34 IS 63 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.7 0.5 0.4 0.3 1.1 113,166 1,091 1,137 577 347 5,281 282 300 320 11.2 13.3 24.2 15.2 10.5 9.4 11.3 6.0 20.2 1,179 19 2 9 7 40 26 1 21 3.3 6,112,692 6.0 85,244 4.2 29,318 2.9 41,450 5.4 343,146 14.2 31,943 10.7 26,697 26,069 21,613 310,892 2,762 2,654 1,322 1,151 12,746 793 684 924 6.1, 3.2 10.3 4.5 2.8 3.7 2.6 2.6 4.3 2,772,715 66,563 16,246 21,391 33,676 226,267 26,318 15,633 17,788 9,092 274 59 69 140 825 86 26 149 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.8 2,241,324 17,726 10,347 7,460 7,193 115, 169 5,150 10,337 3,321 297,623 2,440 2,589 1,250 990 11,838 661 658 730 13.3 13.8 25.0 16.8 13.8 10.3 12.8 6.4 22.0 92,404 924 97 454 571 1,596 464 96 602 3,580 39 4 13 21 66 44 1 45 3.9 1,293,379 4.2 17,912 2.9 6,008 3.7 8,432 4.1 90,098 9.5 7,340 9.0 6,396 5,964 6,439 29,999 205 384 199 199 742 42 65 77 2.3 1.1 6.0 3.3 2.4 0.8 0.6 1.1 1.4 1,743,143 23,794 8,235 7,882 11,053 120,366 9,407 7,904 7,180 1,083,698 14,816 4,477 4,800 7,400 73,412 6,476 5,068 4,293 62.2 62.3 64.4 60.9 67.0 61.0 68.8 64.1 59.8 449,764 5,882 1,839 1,874 2,621 30,268 2,067 1,940 1,741 386,795 4,901 1,484 1,640 2,463 24,507 1,867 1,820 1,405 651,205 7,498 2,323 2,303 3,377 39,137 2,694 2,452 2,264 518, 703 6,923 2,213 2,173 3,288 36,306 2,609 2,345 2,077 340,581 4,892 1,717 1,689 2,242 24,557 1,946 1,661 1,544 137,844 2,306 692 700 1,246 10,039 1,046 680 615 401,593 6,522 2,366 2,116 2,813 26,404 2,700 1,851 1,641 40,356 687 188 287 413 2,660 964 223 196 1,000,969 13,380 4,162 4,177 5,998 69,405 4,761 4,392 3,995 905,498 11,824 3,697 3,813 5,741 60,813 4,476 4,165 3,482 90.5 88.4 88.8 91.3 96.7 87.6 94.0 94.8 87.2 288,839 7,966 1,501 2,347 4,264 24,041 3,143 1,378 2,662 261,442 7,063 1,369 2,156 4,088 21,652 2,961 1,298 2,356 90.5 88.7 91.2 91.8 96.1 90.1 94.2 94.2 88.6 657,870 4,671 2,201 1,549 1,401 40,452 1,416 2,569 1,111 507,294 4,124 1,933 1,424 1,334 35,033 1,326 2,449 953 90.9 88.3 87.8 91.9 95.2 86.6 93.6 95.3 85.8 143,546 617 446 227 282 4,730 168 429 117 127,342 524 382 184 260 3,966 147 403 86 88.7 84.9 85.7 81.1 92.2 83.8 93.0 93.9 73.5 10,527 125 14 54 69 176 44 16 105 9,263 113 13 50 57 157 42 15 87 88.0 90.4 89.2 82.9 652,057 16,437 4,122 6,776 8,437 62,335 7,982 6,696 4,834 1,368,810 24,069 6,686 7,899 11,438 91,328 8,981 7,731 6,064 MALES OF VOTIKG AGE Total number. . . •. Number in 1900 !.!.!..!!.!!!. Native white — Native parentage Number in 1900 '.'_'_"_ Native white— Foreign or mixed parentage. Number in 1900 Native white— Foreign parentage !!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Native white — Mixedparentage Foreign-bom white '...W Nurr^er in 1900 Negro :.. Number in 1900 !!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Indian, Chinese, Japanese, and all other Peb Cent of Total. Native white — Native parentage Native white — Foreign or mixed parentage Foreign-bom white Negro CiTEENSHIP OP FOEEIGN-BOEN WHITE Naturalized Having first papers Alien Unknown '. ILLITERACY ILUTEBATB MALES OP VOTINQ AGE. Total number illiterate Per cent illiterate Per cent in 1900 Native white, number illiterate Per cent illiterate Foreign-bom white, number illiterate Per cent illiterate Negro, number illiterate Per cent illiterate Peesons 10 Yeaes Old and Ovee. Total number Number Illiterate Per cent illiterate Native white, number Number illiterate Per cent illiterate Foreign-bom white, number Number illiterate Per cent illiterate Negro, number Niunber illiterate Per cent illiterate Peesons 10 to 20 Yeaes, inclusive. Total number Number illiterate Per cent illiterate SCHOOL AGE AITD ATTEITBAITCE Total number 6 to 20 years, Inclusive Number attending school Per cent attending school Number 6 to 9 years Number attending school Number 10 to 14 years Number attending school Number 15 to 17 years Number attending school Number 18 to 20 years Number attending school Peesons 6 to 14 Yeaes, inclusive. Total number Number attending school Per cent attending school Native white— Native parentage, number Number attending school Per cent attending school Native white— Foreign or mixed parentage, nvunbei Number attending school Per cent attending school Foreign-born white, nimiber Number attending school Per cent attending school . . .• Negro, number Number attending school Per cent attending school DWELLINGS AND FAMILIES Dwellings, number FamUies, number « Native whites having both parents bom in countries other than specified, and also those having both parents of foreign birth but bora in different countries. 622 SUPPLEMENT FOR NEW YORK. Table II.— COMPOSITION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF THE Mount Vernon. New Rochelle. NBW YOKE aTY,l BT BOKOUGHS. New- burgh. SX7BJECT. The City. Manhattan. Bronx. Brooklyn. Queens. Eieh- mond. POPTTLATION 30,919 21,228 10,830 4,586 2,700 9,691 45.7 10,398 96.0 28,867 14,720 9,057 6,276 3,915 14,147 96.1 6,663 62.5 4,766,883 3,437,202 2 2,607,414 n, 911, 698 n, 478, 103 1,329,681 38.7 929,788 37.1 2,331,542 1,860,093 '1,441,216 n, 164,673 8 942,292 481,449 26.0 408,877 28.4 430,980 200,607 3 88,908 3 61,980 3 37,393 230,473 114.9 111,599 125.6 1,634,351 1,166,582 3 838,547 3 599,495 3 419,921 467,769 40.1 328,035 39.1 284,041 152,999 3 87,060 3 66,659 3 45,468 131,042 85.6 65,949 75.8 " 85,969 67,021 3 51,693 3 38,991 3 33,029 18,948 28.3 15,328 29.7 27,805 1900 24,943 1890 23,087 1880 18,049 1870 ... 17,014 Increase, 1900-1910 2,862 Per cent of increase 11.5 1,866 Per cent of increase 8.0 COLOR AND NATIVITY 30,001 20,885 10,642 896 616 177 772 124 27,086 13,922 7,971 1,754 777 2ig 1,604 260 2 21 4 4,669,162 3,389,898 91,709 SO, ess (•) 68,914 22,795 343 4,614 1,037 18 921,318 737,4.77 1,820,141 1,371,603 1,445,465 374,676 1,927,703 1,260,918 19.3 21.6 38.2 39.9 40.4" 38.7 1.9 1.8 2,266,678 1,808,968 (') 60,534 Se,24B 44,697 15,837 170 3,476 767 17 344,351 si2,saf 818,208 713,947 678,846 139,362 1,104,019 782,714 14.8 16.9 35.1 38. 8 47.4 42.3 2.6 2.0 426,650 197,923 4,117 • 2,370 (4 3,030 1,087 24 175 14 1,610,487 1,146,909 i 826,666 22,708 18,367 'ILSOff 17,682 5,026 146 799 210 1 375,548 310,601 663,583 482,668 516,214 148,369 571,356 363,760 23.0 S6.S 40.6 ikt SO.S 1.4 1.6 280,691 150,236 3,198 2,811 <2445 763 3 115 34 84,756 86,863 '60,712 1,152 1,072 '964 1,060 92 27,191 Number in 1900 . , .... 24,S69 22, m Negro 604 Number in 1900 ■668 680 Black ... 485 119 21 1 49 12 19 U,433 8,220 10,539 7,238 7,389 3,150 8,029 6,229 37.0 38.7 34.1 Si.l 26.0 2.4 8,566 4,443 9,843 6,079 7,102 2,741 8,677 4,400 29.7 SO. 2 34.1 34.6 30.1 29.9 6.1 6.3 92,569 60,233 185, 146 88,J^2 140,661 44,485 148,935 81,268 21.5 26.1 43.0 43.1 34.6 SO. 6 1.0 1.2 80,607 41,868 120,969 83,982 88,162 32,817 79, 116 44,816 28.4 27.2 42.6 41.8 27.9 29.2 1.1 1.7 28,243 22,778 32,236 24,604 22,592 9,643 24,278 18,681 32.9 34.0 37.5 S6.6 28.2 27.7 1.3 1.6 14,092 12,069 8,276 Number in 1900 . 7,974 5,887 2,389 Foreign-bom white 4,823 4,32B Native wtiite — Native parentage 50.7 48.4 29.8 Per cent in 1900.". ' . ."^ 32.0 17.3 Per cent in 1900 17. S 2.2 Per cent in 1900 ■. . 2.S SEX Total Male.. 14,844 16,076 14,459 15,542 363 633 14,686 14,181 18,943 13,143 ' 718 1,036 2,382,482 2,384,401 2,334,844 2,334,318 42,143 49,666 1.166,659 1,164,883 1,134,562 1,132,026 28,024 32,610 217,120 213,860 215,010 211,640 1,911 2,206 809,791 824,560 798,535 811,952 10,245 12,463 144,205 139,836 142,620 138,071 1,440 1,758 44,707 41,262 44,127 40,629 523 629 13,435 14,370 White-. .Male 13,143 14,048 282 Pemale 322 FOREIGN NATIONALITIES FoEEiGN-BoBN WHITE: Bornifir— 215 28 233 7 69 636 81 91 1,647 10 9 96 1,048 2,670 38 9 575 224 208 64 7 6 69 96 20 64 23 374 65 2,277 11 19 1,355 1,701 16 358 133 113 27 748 154 28 240 15 72 573 186 96 1,211 29 32 75 1,568 2,884 106 10 638 293 298 66 10 2 91 72 17 74 14 264 39 1,487 8 13 1,790 1,724 27 427 138 147 21 840 190,237 2,844 23,228 5,990 7,989 78,135 7,409 18,265 278,114 8,038 4,191 76,625 252,662 340,765 22,280 33,684 484,189 23,115 34,960 10,460 6,160 3,095 14,788 99,292 1,610 6,090 2,695 33,425 6,466 328,069 1,887 32, 776 309,804 191,545 9,272 237,280 12,331 16, 811 3,216 164,008 137,401 1,609 11,421 3,341 2,754 36,474 3,604 13,058 117,990 6,637 2,109 58,907 161,052 199,757 4,026 23,422 285,194 10,635 13,215 5,796 4,086 3,090 8,443 66,241 670 1,933 628 11,39.9 116,725 869 22,448 162,822 102,687 1,013 119,377 4,415 3,784 1,251 70, 136 10,327 301 2,096 317 769 6,862 837 1,099 36,592 260 394 6,266 18,269 25,170 1,199 2,167 27,791 2,407 3,177 1,355 180 151 959 6,010 229 521 308 3,264 505 44,455 235 3,031 28,470 14,666 491 17,930 1,454 2,030 671 16,501 35,913 709 8,086 2,181 3,623 28,316 2,617 2,646 87,912 1,017 1,443 8,947 70,663 100,424 15,150 7,809 160,696 7,921 16,490 2,163 1,781 402 4,557 22,59S 467 2,104 1,432 15,094 1,623 119,213 658 6,332 108,612 63,446 6,932 91,844 5,033 9,762 919 66,260 5,511 186 1,048 94 634 4,579 222 1,140 30,262 71 182 1,716 8,671 11,154 529 148 8,395 1,588 1,446 896 97 35 621 3,962 122 363 309 2,699 667 42,597 105 692 13,741 7,741 242 4,089 1,076 960 411 8,406 1,086 39 577 57 209 1,904 129 322 5,368 53 63 799 4,017 4,260 1,376 38 2,213 564 622 241 17 17 308 486 22 179 118 979 122 6,069 30 273 6,259 3,005 594 1,040 353 286 63 2,715 126 flan riH a — Frfin oh 4 nq.n$ifla — Ot.hAr 141 5 29 En^and 619 5 11 Oftrmany. 612 30 Holland 7 139 1,555 Italy ...'. 675 23 10 519 233 69 15 28 4 28 Native White: Both parents born iv^ 121 5 Canada — Other 43 14 England 399 12 768 Holland 2 98 Ireland 2,764 Italy 430 Norway 17 Russia 390 170 Sweden 75 6 533 1 For changes in boundaries, etc., see page 646. 2 Population of territory included in city as at present constituted. County, page 614. 3 Population of territory now constituting borough. For population of city as constituted at censuses prior to that of 1900, see figures for New Yor)£ STATISTICS OF POPULATION. POPULATION FOR CITIES OF 25,000 OR MORE— Continued. 623 Mount Vernon. New Roohelle. NEW TOEK CITY,! BY BOKOCGHa. SUBJECT. The City. Manhattan. Bronx. Brooklyn. Queens. Rich- mond. burgh. MALES OF VOTING AGE Total number 8,854 6,768 2,849 2,M 1,409 1,580 556 3,612 S,S7S 236 lOS 21 32.2 24.1 40.8 2.7 1,95(V 34r 1,160 171 8,942 4,464 2,634 1,148 1,939 1,0U 1,423 616 4,000 S,07l 445 24 28.3 21.7 44.7 6.0 1,979 559 1,332 130 1,433,749 1,007,670 229,362 178,900 339,611 264, B06 265,604 74,007 828,793 639,748 30,865 18,661 5,128 16.0 23.7 57.8 2.2 318,091 106,525 339,473 64,704 727,565 BBS,7m 99,114 8S,8B0 142,087 129,061 113,648 28,439 461,246 824,661 21,279 11,6S8 3,829 13.6 19.5 63.4 2.9 148,847 58,661 212,777 40,961 126,935 67,802 19,547 10,029 37,256 17,470 29,122 8,134 68,676 29,846 '767 187 15.4 29.4 64.1 1.0 33,188 8,848 20,970 5,670 470,336 88^,716 86,752 70, 794 V!1,\SI 99,828 96,999 30,158 248,544 166,600 7,011 6,276 922 18.4 27.0 52.8 1.5 109,100 34,260 90,521 14,663 82,373 48,170 16,724 8,461 26,206 12,603 20,709 5,497 38,350 21,883 959 681 134 20.3 31. S 46.6 1.2 21,019 3,848 11,089 2,394 26,600 20,267 7,225 6,766 6,905 e,S48 6,126 1,779 11,977 8,766 337 SOO 56 27.3 26.1 45.2 1.3 5,937 908 4,116 1,016 8,471 Number in 1900 7,066 Native white— Native parentage. . 3,925 Number in 1900 3,111 Native white—Foreign or mixed parentage 2,106 Number in 1900.. „ ^ 1,907 Native white— Foreign parentage 1,562 Native white— Mixed parentage 644 Foreign-bom white 2,241 Number in 1900 1,861 Negro 189 Number in 1900 161 Indian, Chinese, Japanese, and all other 10 Per Cent of Total. Native white— Native parentage 46.3 Native white — Foreign or mixed parentage. . . . 24.9 Foreign-bom white *.. , . 26.5 Negro 2.2 Citizenship of Foreign-Born White. 1,125 109 Alien 550 Unknown 467 ILLITERACY Total number iUlterate 432 4.9 7.1 9 0.2 411 11.4 12 5.1 26,020 1,015 4.1 16, 499 19 0.1 7,750 950 12.3 749 46 6.1 6,254 85 ■ 1.4 707 7.9 8.9 12 0.3 647 16.2 41 9.2 23,087 1,505 6.5 13,205 30 0.2 8,417 1,333 15.8 1,438 134 9.3 5,696 114 2.0 • 91,815 6.4 6.6 1,640 0.3 88,818 10.7 891 2.9 3,821,540 254,208 6.7 1,880,581 6,713 0.3 1,855,307 246,095 13.2 79,919 2,893 3.6 986,751 24,493 2.5 62.636 7.2 7.8 581 0.2 61,188 11.1 508 2.4 1,900,911 151,218 8.0 782,411 2,352 0.3 1,060,681 146,871 13.8 53,571 1,711 3.2 472,555 15,233 3.2 5,714 4.5 6.2 142 0.2 5,481 8.0 63 5.0 341,814 13,783 4.0 193,374 415 0.2 144,819 13,158 9.1 3,415 181 5.3 91, 174 1,317 1.4 28,429 6.0 4.6 711 0.3 27,331 11.0 241 3.4 1,288,347 78,143 6.1 719,112 2,378 0.3 548,823 74,799 13.6 19,335 806 4.2 342,884 6,959 2.0 3,835 4.7 6.4 143 0.3 3,618 9.4 54 5.6 222,177 8,374 3.8 142,020 399 0.3 77,359 7,819 10.1 2,655 135 5.1 62,152 754 1.2 1,301 4.9 14 63 0.4 1,200 10.0 25 7.4 68,291 2,690 3.9 43,664 169 0.4 23,625 2,448 10.4 943 60 6.4 17,986 230 1.3 300 Per cent illiterate 3.5 2.9 Native white^ number illiterate 21 PpT cjvnt illitpratA 0.3 Foreign-bom white, number illiterate 271 Per cent ilhterate 12.1 6 3.2 23,391 691 Per cent ilhterate 3.0 Native white, number 18,133 KlimhAr illitPrfttA . . 59 0.3 Foreign-bom white, number 4,722 611 Per cent ilhterate 12.9 526 19 Per cent ilhterate 3.6 Persons 10 to 20 Years, inclusive. 5,559 Number illiterate 74 1.3 SCHOOL AGE AND ATTENDANCE 8,475 6,104 72.0 2,221 2,048 2,840 2,750 1,661 992 1,753 314 5,061 4,798 94.8 2,243 2,150 95.9 2,324 2,208 95.0 387 353 91.2 106 87 82.1 7,748 6,339 68.9 2,052 1,890 2,539 2,447 1,389 779 1,768 223 4,691 4,337 94.5 1,511 1,411 93.4 • 2,454 2,345 95.6 408 383 93.9 218 198 90.8 1,334,367 828,720 62.1 347,606 299,840 422,431 398,175 258,065 101,802 306,255 28,903 770,037 698,015 90.6 188,327 170,200 90.4 446,143 407,354 91.3 126,530 112,532 88.9 8,864 7,783 87.8 626,669 368,913 58.9 154,104 131,063 189,676 177,519 123,083 45,733 159,796 14,698 343,780 308,582 89.8 57,406 50,887 88.6 203,212 184.036 90.6 78,061 69,225 88.7 4,993 4,345 87.0 124,812 80,989 64.9 33,638 29,062 41,237 39,150 24,136 10,322 25,801 2,455 74,875 68,212 91.1 22,608 20,457 90.5 44,854 41, 141 91.7 6,897 6,163 89.2 512 457 89.3 471,767 303,689 64.4 128,883 111,889 153,727 145,346 90,050 36,627 99,107 9,727 282,610 257,235 91.0 81,367 73,678 90.6 160,586 147,259 91.7 37,842 33,814 89.4 2,764 2,441 88.3 86,030 67,618 67.0 23,878 21,446 29,045 27,745 16,281 6,793 16,826 1,634 52,923 49,191 92.9 20,449 19,106 93.4 29,310 27,238 92.9 2,739 2,458 89.7 418 382 91.4 26,089 17,611 70.2 7,103 6,380 8,746 8,415 4,615 2,327 4,725 489 15,849 14,795 93.3 6,497 6,072 93.5 8.181 7,680 93.9 991 882 89.0 177 158 89.3 7,370 4,274 58.0 1,811 1,503 Number 10 to 14 vears 2,381 2,117 1,645 540 1,633 114 Persons 6 to 14 Years, inclusive. 4,192 3,620 86.4 2,473 2,141 86.6 1 500 l',31S 87.5 141 109 77.3 78 57 DWELLINGS AND FAMILIES 4,692 6,797 4,280 5,826 305,698 1,020,827 75,410 493,545 2S,733 93,897 147,666 353,666 39,764 62,001 14,125 17,718 4,233 6,620 * Figures not available. 6 Except Porto Rico. ,^ ._, .a»4.t. i._si. • Native wliites having both parents born in countries other than speciflea, ana aiao tUOge naTmg both parents of for".i!:;n birth but born in diflerent countries. 624 SUPPLEMENT FOR NEW YORK. Table II.— COMPOSITION AND CHABACTERISTICS OF THE Niagara Falls.i Pough- Rochester.' Scheneo- tady.i Syracuse. Troy.i Utica.i Water- town. Yonkeis. Total population, 1910. 1900 1890 1880 1870 POPULATION Increase, 19G0-1910 Per cent of increase. . Increase, 1890-1900 , Per cent of increase. ■White Number in 1300. Numiet in 1890. Negro Number in 1800. Number in 1890 . Black Mulatto COLOB ASJ) NATIVITY Indian... Chinese. . Japanese. All other. 30,445 19,457 10,988 56.5 19,457 27,936 24,029 22,206 20,207 3,907 16.3 1,823 8.2 218,149 162,608 133,896 89,366 62,386 55,541 34.2 28,712 2i.4 72,826 31,682 19,902 13,655 11,026 41,144 129.9 11,780 59.2 137,249 108,374 88,143 51,792 43,051 28,875 26.6 20,231 23.0 76,813 60,661 60,966 66,747 46,465 16,162 26.6 —305 —0.5 74,419 66,383 44,007 33,814 28,804 18,036 32.0 12,376 28.1 26,730 21,696 14,725 10,697 6,034 23.2 6,971 47.3 30,170 19,109 6,S4S 1B9 214 52 27,231 tS,S97 il,6B8 ess SS9 622 177 217,206 161,994 1SS,S18 879 601 BB9 610 72,493 S1,B28 19,789 274 W lOB 227 47 136,101 107, S09 87,S76 1,124 1.034 S4S 788 76,147 60, nr 60, Ul 651 400 BIS 589 74,059 B6,m 4S,7B9 357 m m 26,648 tl,611 U.eoi 7« 75 117 52 24 79,803 47,931 32,033 18,892 31,872 66.5 15,89S 49.6 78,190 46,878 SI, BOO 1,540 1,00S soe 1,363 186 60 14 Native white — Native parentage Number in 1900 Native white— Foreign or mixed parentage . Number in 1900 Native white— Foreign parentage Native white — Mixed parentage Foreign-bom white Number in 1900 Per Cent of Total Popxtlation. Native white— Native parentage Per cent in 1900 Native white — Foreign or mixed parentage Per cent in 1900 Foreign-bom white Per cent in 1900 Negro. Per cent in 1900.. Total.. .Male Female. White... Male... Female. . Negro... Male... Female. SEX FOHEION NATIONALITIES FoBEiGN-BoEN WHITE: Bomin— Austria Canada—French Canada— Other Cuba and other West Indies '. . . JDenmaric England Finland... France Germany. . Greece Holland... Hungary.. Ireland Italy Norway Eoumania.. Bussia Scotland. . . Sweden Switzerland Turlcey in Asia Turkey in Europe Other "foreign countries . Native White: Botli parents born in— Austria Canada^French Canada — Other Denmark England France Germany. . Holland... Hungary.. Ireland Italy Norway... Russia Scotland Sweden Switzerland All others of foreign parentage •. 7,721 4,86B 10,386 6,9es 6,982 3,403 12,064 7,B8B 25.4 iS.O 34.1 SB. 8 39.6 S7.4 0.9 1.8 16,086 14,369 15,930 14,240 151 115 81 4,119 6 11 1,272 2 35 832 17 22 72 1,926 9 3 1,396 248 18 142 20 323 15 832 2 426 21 1,402 17 16 1,231 943 411 89 63 14 1,176 16,278 ie,79B 7,419 6,618 5,399 2,020 4,634 S,987 54.7 SS.S 26.6 S7.B 16.2 16.6 2.6 «.« 74,625 SS,47S 83,687 68,798 56,732 26,955 58,993 40,718 34.2 Sl.S 38.4 4i.S 27.0 iB.O 0.4 0.4 31,538 14,S7S ■ 22,324 9,811 16,588 6,736 18,631 7,m 43.3 46.0 30.7 Sl.O 25.6 Sl.B 0.4 0.4 58,408 43,817 46,912 39,787 32,634 14,278 30,781 13,706 42.6 40.4 34.2 36.7 22.4 Sl.O 0.8 1.0 32,224 SO, 161 28,491 1!S,714 20,398 8,093 15,432 14,3BS 42.0 SS.S 37.1 4S.4 20.1 S3. 7 0.8 0.7 25,869 19,8BS 26,882 SS,816 19,284 7,698 21,308 13,469 34.8 3B.S 36.1 40. B 28.6 SS.9 0.5 0.4 13,126 10,4^6 7,254 6,079 3,719 3,635 6,268 S,106 49.1 4S.1 27.1 SS.O 23.4 SS.B 0.3 O.S 13,378 14,668 13,065 14,166 307 108,362 109,797 107,884 109,321 424 456 38,821 34,005 ■33,854 123 151 68,443 68,210 67,891 579 645 36,387 41,426 36,084 41,063 289 362 36,367 38,052 36,184 37,875 182 175 13,066 13,664 13,020 13,628 40 496 30 94 6 33 331 3 21 861 21 36 957 737 5 7 453 108 52 24 6 9 22 22 22 12 269 16 1,360 13 127 2,022 416 1 323 75 26 10 402 1,688 569 9,112 21 135 4,939 39 326 14,624 176 1,220 415 5,230 10,638 88 90 7,148 949 384 498 118 155 431 549 380 1,948 66 2,711 315 24,851 1,191 114 9,353 3,936 25 4,151 493 170 322 6,167 1,279 444 696 13 162 1,346 12 69 3,428 102 60 856 1,355 3,660 58 22 3,868 274 139 22 7 177 766 385 266 98 910 42 4,819 48 380 2,787 1,838 16 2,190 304 161 85 1,506 1,265 499 2,717 10 62 2,469 18 181 6,903 106 30 212 4,877 4,766 6,260 381 126 271 164 166 266 668 371 783 30 1,610 221 11,369 95 9,362 2,154 2,847 242 60 164 2,730 897 613 569 10 647 1,478 10 65 1,818 51 11 62 6,410 1,462 36 13 1,059 418 71 87 489 108 148 448 828 276 403 1,101 60 2,658 18 9 10,810 724 10 397 32 48 1,6 2,050 165 844 7 64 1,386 2 103 3,073 49 24 116 2,021 6,688 10 6 2,586 224 27 263 347 18 1,246 212 36 974 138 5,043 18 34 4,069 3,368 1,520 143 6 202 2,781 271 269 3,075 3 12 748 1 77 196 19 1 104 469 602 10 3 142 107 14 26 66 9 54 26 198 891 2 287 66 301 856 275 4 53 60 3 12 679 21,fi40 1S,S47 29,960 18,446 22,438 7,622 26,590 14,B8S 27.1 S8.9 37.6 S8.S 33.3 30.4 1.9 S.l 40,103 39,700 38,881 732 817 3,927 46 490 21 76 1,903 60 161 2,337 2,664 6,266 4,116 197 20 2,982 1,261 373 100 104 9 322 2,450 28 123 24 1,108 2,723 60 1,994 7,113 2,006 1,626 643 197 3S 2,219 • For changes in boundaries, etc., see page 646. 'Except Porto Rico. STATISTICS OF POPULATION. POPULATION FOR CITIES OF 25,000 OR MORE-Continued. 625 MALES OF VOTING AGE Total number Kumher in 1900. Native white — Native parentage Number in 1900 Native white— Foreign or mixed parentage Number in 1900 Native white— Foreign parentage. ....... Native white— Mixed parentage Foreign-bom white Number in 1900 Negro. Number in 1900 fiidian, Chinese, Japanese, and all other '. Pek Cent op Total. Native white — ^Native parentage Native white — Foreign or mixed parentage Foreign-bom white Negro Citizenship of Foeeiqn-Bokn White. Naturalized Having first papers Alien. Unknown ILLITEBACT Illitebate Males of Voting Age. Total number Illiterate Per cent illiterate Per cent in 1900 Native white, number illiterate. Per cent illiterate Foreign-bom white, number illiterate.. Per cent illiterate Negro, number illiterate . Per cent illiterate Persons 10 Yeaes Old and Ovee. Total number Number illiterate Per cent illiterate Native white, number. Number illiterate. . Per cent illiterate. . , Foreign-bom white, number.. Number illiterate Per cent illiterate Negro, number Number illiterate Per cent illiterate Persons 10 to 20 Years, mcLusrvE. Total number Number illiterate Per cent illiterate SCHOOI. AGE AND ATTENDANCE Total number 6 to 20 years, Inclusive. Number attending school Per cent attending school Number 6 to 9 years Number attending school Number 10 to 14 years Number attending school T^umber 15 to 17 years Number attending school Number 18 to 20 years Number attending school Persons 6 to 14 Years, racLusivE. Total number Number attending school Per cent attending school Native white— Native parentage, number Number attending school Per cent attending school Native white— Foreign or mixed parentage, number. Number attending school Per cent attending school Foreign-bom white, number ^^umber attending school Per cent attending school Negro, number Number attending school Per cent attending school DWELLINGS AND FAMILIES Dwellings, number. Families, number. . Niagara FaJls.i 10, 352 e,jfla 2,397 1,491 2,078 1,748 1,470 5,755 S,08l 118 16S 4 23.2 20.1 55.6 1.1 2,082 373 2,892 408 8.0 6.S 10 0.2 14.0 U 9.3 24,688 1,426 5.8 12, 769 29 0.2 11,572 1,370 11.8 239 25 10.5 5,540 106 1.9 7,663 4,779 63.3 2,013 1,744 2,275 2,172 1,401 667 1,864 196 4,288 3,916 91.3 1,251 1,169 93.4 2,310 2,097 90.8 706 631 89.4 21 19 5,671 6,621 Pough- keepsie. Kochester.' 8,682 7,190 4,374 3,iSS 1,969 1,789 1,475 2,122 1,761 211 177 6 SO. 4 22.7 24.4 2.4 994 130 487 511 264 3.0 S.9 26 0.4 235 11.1 23,430 649 2.8 18,406 87 0.5 4,419 543 12.3 19 3.2 4,947 70 1.4 6,641 3,794 57.1 1,694 1,313 2,001 1,800 1,408 520 1,538 161 3,696 3,113 84.2 2,254 1,902 84.4 1,218 1,030 84.6 146 112 77.2 78 4,576 6,834 69,664 JiB,S9B 20,467 1B,4B9 21,683 IS, BOS 15,364 6,319 27,067 17,Si£ 305 176 42 29.4 31.2 38.9 0.4 13,003 2,947 8,361 2,756 3,158 4.5 e.9 134 0.3 •3,014 11.1 2.0 182,280 6,916 3.8 124,573 344 0.3 56, 873 6,557 • 11.6 11 1.4 41,786 713 1.7 54,998 33,762 61.4 13, 212 11, 669 17,100 16, 190 11,327 4,473 13,359 1,420 30,312 27,859 91.9 12,851 11,871 92.4 14, 468 13,306 92.0 2,895 2,591 89.6 96 90 38,860 46,787 Scheneo- tady.i 25,073 11,093 10,490 6,008 4,877 «,/,S2 3,568 1,309 9,682 3,643 85 SO 41.8 19.5 38.1 0.3 3,866 741 4,071 1,684 6.7 6.9 51 0.3 1,609 16.8 58,399 3,148 5.4 40,100 149 0.4 17,998 2,968 16.5 242 8 3.3 12,668 290 2.3 17, 826 11,348 63.7 5,158 4,281 5,664 5,153 3,202 1,483 3,912 431 10,712 9,434 88.1 4,734- 4,204 88.8 4,984 4,366 87.6 962 838 87.1 32 26 10,639 15, 868 Syracuse.! 44,713 17,377 11,816 11,940 9,883 8,725 3,215 14,944 10,404 437 see IS 38.9 26.7 33.4 1.0 7,036 862 4,715 2,331 2,821 6.3 3.3 140 O.S 2,649 17.7 27 6.2 114,693 6,629 83,802 394 0.5 29,897 5,179 17.3 972 50 5.1 25,709 665 2.6 34, 171 21,131 61.8 8,462 7,128 10, 724 9,729 6,806 3,050 8,179 1,224 19, 186 16,867 87.9 9,180 8,071 87.9 8,624 7,627 88.4 1,265 1,046 83.3 126 112 88.9 23,200 31,551 Troy.i 22,483 17,038 8,007 4,8m 7,682 6,193 5,888 1,794 6,654 6,878 35.6 34.2 29.2 1.0 4,388 186 1,419 561 476 2.1 6.3 0.4 401 6.1 3.1 65,074 1,279 2.0 49,340 178 0.4 15,140 1,074 7.1 579 26 4.5 14,807 123 0.8 19,667 12,921 66.1 4,750 4,340 6,062 5,893 4,071 2,071 4,674 617 10, 812 10,233 94.6 5,879 5,584 96.0 4,400 4,150 94.3 461 431 93.5 10,745 18,109 Utioa.i 22,679 16,S16 6,902 4,647 6,300 B,696 4,668 1,742 9,341 6,779 136 30.4 27.8 41.2 0.6 4,326 542 3,662 811 2,146 9.5 6.3 •79 0.6 2,057 22.0 10 7.4 61,293 6,044 8.2 40,402 200 0.5 20,582 4,821 23.4 306 23 7.5 14,491 575 4.0 19,244 11,190 58.1 4,753 3,887 6,037 B,462 3,921 1,456 4,533 10,790 9,349 4,552 3,941 86.6 4,903 4.233 86.3 1,281 1,128 88.1 54 47 10,333 16,053 Water- town. 8,684 e,78e 4,077 3,163 1,673 1,610 1,000 673 2,798 £,0/9 30 St 47.5 19.5 32.6 0.3 1,050 131 1,255 362 689 6.9 4.B 77 1.3 SIO 18.2 22,407 1,037 4.6 16,302 164 1.0 6,031 869 14.4 68 4 4,779 105 2.2 6,396 4,294 67.1 1,617 1,384 2,009 1,921 1,302 741 1,468 248 3,626 3,305 91.1 1,885 1,709 90.7 1,372 1,262 92.0 359 325 90.5 10 9 5,764 6,612 Yonkers. 23,633 IS, 385 5,464 3,408 5,215 3,441 3,964 1,251 12,295 6,209 501 S80 58 23.2 22.2 52.2 2.1 5,629 1,110 6,060 496 2,491 10.6 6.3 44 0.4 2,396 19.5 37 7.4 63,010 5,311 8.4 36,732 110 0.3 25,923 6,097 19.7 1,294 90 7.0 16,803 673 4.0 16,310 66.6 6,183 6,691 7,214 6,960 4,335 2,047 6,254 612 13,397 12,651 94.4 4,407 4,147 94.1 7,800 7,427 95.2 1.009 911 90.3 179 164 91.6 7.867 16,219 ' Native whites having both parents bom in countries other than specified, and also those having both parents of foreign birth but bom in different countries. 626 SUPPLEMENT FOR NEW YORK. Table III.— COMPOSITION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF THE POPULATION FOR PLACES OP 10,000 TO 25,000. Total, PLACES NAMED. Batavia.1 Cohoes. Coming. Cortland. Dunkirk. Fulton.i Geneva. Glens Falls. Glovers- ville. 439,671 11,613 24,709 13,730 11,504 17,221 10,480 12,446 15,243 20,642 345,550 9,180 23,910 11,061 9,014 11,616 8,206 10,433 12,613 18,349 217,294 5,795 6,461 8,603 8,271 4,404 6,610 6,424 9,022 12,398 127, 997 3,C37 10,855 3,232 1,923 7,661 2,067 3,653 4,138 4, 038 88,435 2,133 7,373 1,795 1,281 6,146 1,783 2,215 2,059 4,00& 5,701 44 10 99 29 9 20 153 22 194 144 4 4 1 1 1 2 4 10,668 35 1,340 107 19 682 425 18 15 21S 5,411 14 2,097 2 4 4 129 27 282 42 6,503 229 188 49 70 193 309 164 137 nt 342 4 15 12 2 19 1 51 10 36 7,336 237 734 237 161 204 165 258 98 749 475 • 11,584 9 377 23 144 9 286 2 45 4 2,267 14 67 3 46 65 248 617 328 14 17 9 10 8 6 7 16 27 245 3 6 2 2 90 1 10 6 4 3,406 37 213 16 39 37 ' 6 6 100 13,785 243 1,126 437 324 293 166 629 721 260' 15,985 685 310 340 496 640 329 619 261 833 275 7,128 3 174 32 211 61 29 3 77 2 447 2 16 S 263 9 52 790 1,458 28 160 30 29 51 29 87 23 57 1,220 7 68 109 21 143 9 5 35 55 411 10 9 2 i 30 25 18 4 15 720 49 1 3 20 27 102 32 381 774 6 18 6 35 11 46 4 5 7 12 2 21 5 15 6 10 26 4,295 22 439 50 4 364 115 10 7 92 5,230 9 2,497 6 8 5 142 9 379 19 2,475 49 106 6 26 41 80 31 87 28- 4,954 207 458 138 120 142 141 223 60 380 373 35 13 9 3 6 16 4 4 19 17,429 743 202 377 90 3,445 77 296 66 658 28 :,141 29, 179 1 17 610 1 5 3 a 1,651 1 74 2,393 11 663 1 408 30' 1,028 679 1,315 431 7,498 309 84 138 167 474 74 305 66 344 3, 128 89 95 38 6 233 14 12 185 270 1,161 39 139 38 15 42 10 37 24 & 777 10 47 34 22 112 2 2 21 IS 242 4 4 2 3 9 17 5 16. 313 7 1 12 4 1 1 4 7 9 8,077 261 561 208 123 453 125 261 179 296 218,599 6,732 U,546 6,810 6,749 8,883 5,268 6,061 7,018 9,920 220,972 6,881 13,163 6,920 6,765 8,338 5,222 6,385 8,225 10,722 215,672 5,706 11,641 6,706 5,731 8,878 5,247 5,996 7,011 9,827 218,054 6,859 13, 148 6,804 6,744 8,333 6,213 6,296 8,208 10, 617 2,812 22 1 43 18 4 11 64 5 89 2,889 22 15 56 11 5 9 89 17 105 139,517 3,616 7,036 4,297 3,897 5,131 3,368 3,994 4,671 6,747 01,372 1,001 1,470 2,450 2,6C9 1,095 1,923 1,883 2,504 3,959 32,845 974 2,671 923 562 1,483 597 1,019 1, 104, 953 43,136 1,026 2,990 896 057 2,548 840 1,050 897 1,777 2,057 11 1 27 9 4 8 41 4 54 18,134 474 1,605 486 245 1,007 206 635 433 829 2,283 61 60 79 44 118 15 76 45 221 17, 737 381 897 311 299 827 307 290 231 586 4,982 363, 599 110 428 20 69 536 312 49 188 141 9,601 20,468 11,188 9,841 13, 124 8,686 10,432 12,901 17,771 18,684 656 1,762 306 244 858 166 476 401 463 272,886 7,515 13,244 9,377 8,575 8,166 6,985 8,146 10,892 13,802 2,S95 32 313 04 20 43 33 32 60 55 85,658 2,047 7,205 1,730 1,245 4,948 1,682 2,168 1,990 3,806 15.330 622 1,448 233 224 814 132 436 341 381 4,922 35 15 80 21 9 18 127 17 159 340 9,201 1 354 9 163 7 212 17 652 145 370 101 199 197 112,192 2,860 6,914 3,669 2.602 4,817 2,688 2,983 3,697 4,49tt 72, 890 1,892 3,654 2,506 1,843 3,011 1,694 2,146 2,398 2,79S C4,C63 1,588 3,707 2, 083 1,433 2,988 1,453 1,706 2,047 2,426 57,848 1,443 3,023 1,952 1,309 2,507 1.270 1,598 1,883 2,255 30. G14 905 1, 3C1 1,607 1,131 898 1,077 1,013 1,349 1,426 33, 430 835 1,117 1,411 1,040 823 942 950 1,236 1,329 22. S98 5C1 2,097 482 245 1,835 283 582 592 639 20.566 504 1,726 458 225 1,537 253 562 554 602 3,839 113 245 83 49 254 88 89 104 329 3,223 90 170 73 37 206 70 78 92 299 702 9 4 11 8 1 5 22 2 32 020 8 4 10 7 1 5 18 2 25 82,921 2,606 3,237 3,047 2,563 3,2l4 2,221 2,769 3,155 3,961 100, 808 2,834 5,345 3,322 3,043 3i-769 2,506 2,972 3,694 5,585 COIiOR AND NATIVITY Total population, 1910 1900 Native white — Native parentage Native white — Foreign or mixed parentage Foreign-bom white Negro Indian, Chinese, and Japanese FOREIGN NATIONALITIES FoKEiGN-BoSN White: Bom in— Austria Canada— French Canada— Other Denmark England France Germany Greece Holland Hungary Ireland Italy Norway Russia Scotland Sweden Switzerland Turkey Wales Other foreign countries Native White: Both patents torn in— Austria Canada — French Canada— Other England Fimice Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Russia Scotland Sweden Switzerland Wales All others of foreign parentage 2 SEX Total. . . Male Female White.. .Male Female Negro... Male Female UALES OF VOTING AGE Total number Native white — Native parentage Native white — Foreign or mixed parentage Foreign-bora white Negro Citizenship of Fokeign-Boen White. Naturalized Having first papers Alien Unknown UiLITEEAGY Total number 10 years old and over Number illiterate Native white 10 years old and over Number illiterate Foreign-bom white 10 years old and over Number illiterate Negro 10 years old and over Number illiterate Illiterate males of voting age SCHOOL AGE AND ATTENDANCE Total number 6 to 20 years, inclusive Number attending school Persons 6 to 14 Yeaks, inclu.sive. Total number Number attending school Native white — Native parentage, number Number attending school Native white — Foreign or mixed parentage, number . Number attending school Foreign-born white, number >fumber attending school : Negro, number Number attending school DWELLINGS AND FAMILIES Dwellings, number Families, number 1 For changes in botmdaries, etc., see page 646. 2 Native whites having both parents bom in countries other than specified, and also those having both parents of foreign birth but born in different countries. STATISTICS OF POPULATION. 627 Table III.— COMPOSITION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF THE POPULATION FOR PLACES OF 10,000 TO 25,000— Contd. COLOR AND NATIVITY Total population, 1910 1900. Native white — ^Native parentage Native white— Foreign or mixed parentage. . Foreign-bom white Negro ''_ Indian, Chinese, and Japanese FOBEIGH NATIONALITIES FoBKiGN-BoEN WHITE: Bom itir- Austria Canadar— French Canada— Other Denmark England France Germany Greece Holland... Hungary. Ireland... Italy Norway. . Bussia Scotland. Switzerland Turkey Wales Other foreign countries. . Kattve White: Both parents born in — Austria Canada — French Canada— Other England France Germany Greece Hungary Irel^d Italy Russia Scotland Sweden Switzerland Wales All others of foreign parentage K. SEX Total... Male Female Yrhite...Male Female Negro. . .Male Female UALES OF VOTING AGE Total number Native white— Native parentage Native white— Foreign or mixed parentage Foreign-born white Negro Citizenship of Foeeiqn-Born White. Naturalized Having first papers Alien. Unknown ILLITERACY Total number 10 years old and over Number Ullteiate Native white 10 years old and over Number illiterate Foreign-bom white 1 years old and over . Number ilUterate Negro 10 years old and over Number illiterate Illiterate males of voting age SCHOOL AGE AND ATTENDANCE Total nnmbei 6 to 20 years, inclusive Number attending school PEBSONS 6 to 14 YEAK3, INCLUSIVE. Total number Number attending school Native white— Native parentage, number Number attending school Native white— Foreign or mixed parentage, number — Niunber attending school Foreign-bom white, number Number attending school Negro, number Number attending school DWELLINGS AND FAMILIES IJwellings, number Families, number HomeU.i 13,617 11,918 9,S47 2,947 1,272 51 17 6 106 142 15 241 10 2 5 408 192 3 25 31 10 16 29 2 13 3 4 18 92 5 458 956 85 10 18 8 17 4 134 6,446 7,171 6,421 7,145 25 26 1,268 2,741 881 627 19 450 35 131 11 11,433 205 10,194 37 1,241 168 48 3,235 2,388 1,817 1,764 1,414 1,372 356 34S 40 37 7 7 3,215 3,536 Hudson. 11,417 9,528 6,327 2,460 2,209 417 4 267 17 23 3 80 7 5 "405 299 200 '667 56 8 17 49 3 415 121 705 85 219 12 1 1 1 109 5,629 6,788 6,454 5,542 171 246 3,791 1,921 591 1,142 133 336 35 663 108 9,788 625 7,269 41 2,136 421 379 274 2,901 1,765 1,431 1,263 884 791 401 350 94 77 52 45 1,839 2,496 Ithaca. 14,802 13,136 10,268 2,475 1,589 470 80 18 155 3 188 6 112 199 423 178 14 67 35 29 14 30 8 12 14 26 144 2 141 774 61 66 26 15 8 4 166 6,836 7,966 6,643 7,689 193 277 4,682 3,132 676 723 151 374 35 221 93 12,799 241 10,834 44 1,555 170 410 27 110 3,231 2,390 1,758 1,627 1,258 1,167 391 365 57 48 52 47 3,484 4,017 Johns- town. 10,447 10,130 6,031 2,372 1,941 101 2 382 41 69 10 303 110 298 12 1 148 349 118 13 18 200 30 307 76 519 37 37 12 5 4 159 4,961 6,486 4,917 5,427 42 59 3,322 1,911 461 915 33 470 75 242 128 8,934 384 6,953 25 1,888 348 91 11 189 2,145 2,793 Lacka- wanna.i 14,549 2,459 4,660 7,227 197 6 4,105 4 151 1 142 14 420 2 193 340 377 4 1,276 26 64 8 12 12 1,429 2 44 60 14 640 53 764 161 280 12 20 3 5 346 9,493 6,066 9,378 4,968 113 84 6,716 442 602 4,694 77 601 219 3,651 123 11,020 1,616 3,928 19 6,933 1,593 156 3 1,116 2,382 3,993 1,676 2,662 1,304 2,589 1,205 2,301 673 843 616 803 550 1,332 514 1,156 74 375 68 311 7 37 7 31 1,547 2,187 Little Falls.' 12,273 10,381 4,971 3,331 3,915 52 4 528 28 114 18 135 4 296 663 768 376 13 14 10 45 10 5 131 25 27 107 4 339 156 1,169 224 36 18 5 7 13 181 6,297 6,976 6,271 5,946 22 30 4,178 1,646 777 1,832 19 581 132 86 10,413 624 6,529 24 3,836 596 44 291 3,017 1,648 1,382 1,313 727 697 650 524 2,037 2,507 Lockport. 17,970 16,581 8,500 6,108 3,235 126 1 Middle- town. North Tona- wanda. 128 40 684 2 506 8 691 4 16 450 538 5 57 84 10 13 1 7 25 18 188 456 19 1,053 1,165 271 16 66 7 5 8 430 8,747 9,223 8,689 9,154 57 6,654 2,236 1,813 1,558 46 887 57 415 199 14,996 662 11,721 59 3,161 488 113 15 4,533 3,069 2,606 2,404 1,673 1,474 896 821 120 97 17 12 4,041 4,266 15,313 14,522 10,413 2,996 1,578 317 36 8 37 6 228 7 290 11 12 14 366 418 2 28 41 14 27 18 6 10 16 6 10 164 10 386 S 3 777 297 21 42 16 22 6 197 7,211 8,102 7,061 7,926 143 174 4,817 3,106 843 770 92 400 30 211 129 13,191 298 11,379 52 1,529 241 274 4 138 3,7?8 2,391 2,079 1,875 1,475 1,327 484 442 64 53 55 62 2,909 3,857 11,956 3,570 4,751 3,628 6 754 41 421 3 142 16 1,118 3 447 92 70 S 419 64 6 6 11 I 19 11 142 80 36 ,809 1 143 166 29 97 29 1 5 2 310 6,347 6,608 6,347 5,602 3,756 852 1,016 1,887 765 100 931 91 9,468 479 5,964 27 3,488 451 6 1 254 3,462 2,249 2,013 1,882 750 717 1,089 1,014 174 151 2,240 2,554 Ogdens- burg.i 16,933 12,633 6,365 6,036 3,602 34 6 14 980 1,513 1 147 6 140 471 42 7 51 12 9 12 3 11 1 845 763 12S 5 70 781 14 47 3 2 443 7,471 8,462 7,456 8,437 10 24 4,743 1,627 1,754 1,361 6 671 14 208 558 13,210 721 9,771 295 3,400 417 33 11 324 3,967 2,331 1,894 1,200 952 1,002 840 125 98 4 i 2,939 3,150 1 For changes in boundaries, etc., see page 646 * Native whites having both parents Dom in countries other than spedfled, and also those having both parents of foreign birth but bom in different countries. 628 SUPPLEMENT FOR NEW YORK. Table III.— COMPOSITION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF THE POPULATION FOR PLACES OF 10,000 TO 25,000— Contd. SUBJECT. Olean.i Ossin- ing. Oswego. PeeksMU. Platts- burg.i Port Cliester. Kensse- laer.i Rome. Saratoga Springs. Water- vliet. White Plains. COLOR AISTD NATIVITY 11,743 9,462 7,631 4,527 2,424 161 11,480 7,939 5,178 2,992 2,657 631 22 23,368 22,199 10,540 8,174 4,290 364 16,246 10,358 8,559 4,029 2,305 346 6 11,138 8,434 7,369 2,655 1,101 9 4 12,809 7,440 4,029 4,390 4,138 237 15 10,711 7,466 6,546 3,045 1,098 21 1 20,497 15,343 10,463 5,782 4,114 136 2 12,693 12,409 7,144 3,193 1,771 555 30 16,074 14,321 6,667 5,730 2,760 26 1 16,949 1900 7,899 Native white — Native parentage 7,039 Native white — Foreign or mixed parentage 4,140 Foreign-bom white 3,898 Negro 858 Indian, Chinese, and Japanese 14 FOREIGN NATIONATJTIES FOREIGN-BORN WHITE: BOTU in^- 262 22 176 3 163 11 643 11 1 34 383 249 3 165 41 157 13 79 2 6 201 26 69 98 15 1,0P2 1 18 839 121 109 32 188 2 S 297 76 6 58 10 196 19 239 18 7 50 488 1,055 7 227 40 104 11 4 1 41 19 1 19 139 9 257 1 19 933 310 114 36 85 1 308 308 679 1 462 12 535 127 30 44 S 163 9 207 7 5 268 483 575 2l0 60 27 12 9 10 43 165 5 10 97 4 342 1 238 1,052 462 161 46 14 3 2 256 12 385 217 6 82 12 89 6 3 7 115 35 9 77 14 10 1 3 2 16 2 523 187 41 8 126 1 174 6 54 75 208 12 329 5 1 89 479 1,836 26 662 44 80 20 21 36 68 1 176 7 237 281 37 172 5 278 26 655 6 5 43 323 1,693 2 177 42 18 76 3 232 40 105 11 48 226 39 1,195 17 58 75 4 192 18 169 161 102 82 11 294 6 276 64 C.fi,nf}.r\^ — ■prftTip.h , . , . 38 rftuft^a— Ot.hftr . , , , . . 94 18 266 21 Germany 399 21 Holland 1 29 873 809 3 168 46 '1 16 S 18 128 357 295 271 23 867 51 10 347 35 2 54 30 5 15 581 413 2 92 36 24 8 25 3 34 11 60 22 113 5 199 13 30 894 270 19 211 124 31 S 173 9 39 83 168 69 197 9 439 3 61 Ireland 759 Italy 1,601 Norway 34 Russia 121 109 153 6 26 14 Wales 8 41 90 3 17 122 11 466 S 12 14 41 33 160 S 462 5 Other foreign countries 91 Native White: Both parents bom Iti— 19 Canada — French . 15 19 Fngland 141 9 Germany 612 Greece . . 2 6 2,298 343 38 43 3 2 2 641 25 721 1,123 481 33 48 18 7 342 6 747 711 109 37 14 61 187 303 7 1,101 3K 60 37 6 3 1 220 8 2,260 168 156 81 22 2 8 337 24 Ireland 358 10 46 7 996 7 42 39 920 Italy 706 Russia - 62 91 61 1 10 3 172 3 3 i66 118 283 SEX 7,289 7,4M 7,210 7,372 79 82 6,650 4,930 6,127 4,700 407 224 11,660 11,808 11,271 11,733 289 75 7,321 7,924 7,148 7,7,45 167 179 6,663 6,486 5,645 5,480 4 5 6,486 6,324 6,357 6,200 114 123 6,283 6,428 5,274 5,415 8 13 10,856 9,641 10,784 9,575 71 65 5,886 6,807 5,631 6,477 238 317 7,267 7,807 7,258 7,789 8 18 8,031 7,915 7,627 7,450 394 Female Female Female 464 MALES OF VOTING AGE 4,356 2,066 1,054 1,184 51 641 63 286 194 4,723 1,705 1,009 1,669 326 485 124 1,021 39 7,262 2,443 2,568 1,978 273 839 73 602 468 4,137 2,190 698 1,133 110 499 59 484 91 3,631 2,101 971 552 3 300 44 126 82 3,727 1,113 • 683 1,861 67 805 102 871 73 3,406 1,860 1,046 492 7 373 37 52 30 7,069 3,090 1,664 2,264 50 869 66 1,128 191 3,908 2,048 879 803 163 468 31 196 108 4,623 1,629 1,659 1,226 8 667 48 309 202 5,204 2,059 954 1,914 264 Negro . . Citizenship of Foreign-Bobn White. 777 Having first pajjers 185 827 125 ILLITERACY 11,792 641 9,299 29 2,356 602 137 10 278 9,787 310 6,616 28 2,598 263 555 18 160 19,374 814 14,861 83 4,160 727 353 4 406 11,879 487 9,344 63 2,253 407 276 16 266 9,226 670 8,138 400 1,075 167 8 9,869 827 5,693 7 3,973 807 188 13 310 9,021 160 7,924 30 1,079 118 17 2 60 17,014 2,322 12,901 867 3,987 1,439 124 24 1,264 10,877 384 8,627 32 1,729 310 495 39 170 12,613 363 9,804 34 2,685 327 23 2 152 12,915 839 Native white 10 years old and over 8,435 67 3,785 739 711 43 440 Number Illiterate Negro 10 years old and over Number illiterate Tllitorfltft mfllRci nf voting np-p 265 SCHOOL AGE AND ATTENDANCE Total number 6 to 20 years, Inclusive 4,114 2,876 2,396 2,262 1,358 1,300 928 867 81 67 29 28 2,668 1,633 1,395 1,284 792 736 459 422 86 75 55 49 6,162 3,826 3,531 3,032 2,377 2,043 1,010 880 138 105 6 4 4,787 3,671 3,209 3,026 1,823 1,722 1,238 1,172 100 90 48 42 3,078 2,202 1,792 1,708 1,420 1,354 330 317 41 36 1 1 3,669 2,368 2,195 2,006 702 624 1,140 1,068 306 281 47 43 2,812 2,060 1,650 1,555 1,273 1,208 353 326 20 19 4 3 6,217 3,081 2,892 2,484 1,827 1,590 873 749 173 131 19 14 3,002 2,199 1,757 1,653 1,133 1,060 500 477 57 63 63 69 3,966 2,333 2,293 1,948 1,304 1,130 889 744 97 71 3 3 3,809 3,611 2,212 2,062 1,141 1,066 811 770 164 141 96 86 Number attending school Persons 6 to 14 tears, inclusive. Number attending school Number attending school. . . NnmbpT nttPinrliTif; snhnol Number attending school. . . . 3,207 3,506 1,762 2,240 5,021 6,322 2,331 3,114 1,984 2,325 1,924 2,780 2,070 2,649 3,664 4,393 2,76 3,316 2,626 3,542 3,198 ' For changes in boundaries, etc., see page 646. 2 Native whites having both parents bom in countries other than specified, and also those having both parents of foreign birth but bom in different countries. STATISTICS OF POPULATION. 629 Table IV.— COMPOSITION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF THE POPULATION FOR PLACES OP 2,500 TO 10,000. SEX, COLOB, AHD NATIVITY Total population, mo 1900. Male.... Female . Native white— Native parentage Native white— Foreign or mixed parentage. Foreign-bom white NeCTO . . Indian, Chinese, and Japanese MALES OF VOTHTG AGE Total number Native white— Native parentage Native white— Foreign or mixed parentage. Foreign-twm wMte Naturalized. Negro ILLITEBACT Total number 10 years old and over Number Illiterate Native white 10 years old and over Number illiterate Foreign-bom white 10 years old and over.. Number illiterate Negro 10 years eld and over Number illiterate Illiterate males of voting age SCHOOL AGE AND ATTENDANCE Total number 6 to 80 years, Inclusive Number attending school Pebsons 6 TO M Yeabs, mcLirsrvE. Native white, number Number attending school Foreign-bom white, number Number attending school Negro, number Number attending school DWELLINGS AND FAMILIES Dwellings, number Families, nimiber Total, PLACES NAMED. 414,352 334, S?2 205, S20 208,832 234,375 105,384 68,715 5,606 272 132,689 68,323 28,148 34,301 15,293 1,742 345,534 14,291 273,890 2,772 66,756 11,132 4,638 344 7,163 103,908 56,241 61,245 2,827 2,399 ' 947 799 88,447 100,999 Albion. 5,016 4,477 2,368 2,648 2,226 1,742 996 52 1 1,440 644 322 454 327 19 4,150 144 3,136 4 968 136 45 4 61 1,327 954 725 665 1,130 1,251 Amity- ville. 2,617 2,038 1,222 1,295 1,626 654 365 862 520 162 161 2,160 146 1,735 129 352 14 71 2 171 303 318 236 6 4 15 12 601 521 Baby- lon. 2,600 2,157 1,245 1,355 1,627 667 801 464 147 163 90 2,155 40 1,673 2 401 31 77 5 20 638 437 363 334 9 5 19 18 643 648 Bald- wins- ville. BaU ston Spa. 3,099 2,992 1,562 1,537 2,135 632 322 8 2 1,076 688 210 174 94 4 2,681 38 2,359 14 313 23 7 1 19 675 501 378 351 812 862 4,138 3,923 2,050 2,088 2,509 1,015 604 10 1,416 779 332 300 152 6 3,528 191 2,929 145 10 107 526 455 17 14 837 1,015 Bath. 3,884 4,994 1,800 2,084 3,014 544 246 79 1 1,312 967 193 117 87 34 3,411 32 3,099 16 242 13 69 3 16 839 455 424 3 2 11 9 Brock- port. 3,579 3,398 1,679 1,900 2,199 914 445 20 1 1,105 605 295 190 112 14 3,091 15 2,635 4 435 10 20 818 546 406 365 11 10 1,010 1,126 834 964 Canan- daigua. 7,217 6,151 3,440 3,777 4,296 1,881 943 96 1 2,304 1,218 604 454 243 28 6,145 137 5,136 13 927 122 81 2 65 1,677 1,191 907 843 25 21 18 18 1,699 1,799 Canas- tota. 3,247 3,030 1,615 1,632 2,126 614 465 42 1,012 652 141 209 88 10 123 2,176 24 438 98 35 1 49 829 603 452 408 50 45 13 Canton. 2,701 2,757 1,238 1,463 1,814 648 230 4 5 334 514 224 88 62 3 2,377 80 2,141 45 227 31 4 60 671 554 352 329 7 7 717 762 Car- thage. 3,563 2,895 1,812 1,751 2,217 11 13 660 300 266 83 3 2,981 170 104 842 542 743 904 CatsHU. Clyde. Cold Springs. Corn- wain Dans- ville. Depew. Dobbs Ferry. Dolge- ville. East Aurora. East Syra- cuse. EUen- ville. Elmira Heights. SEX, COLOK, AND NATIVITT Total population, 1910 190O Male Female Native white— Native parentage Native white — Foreign or mixed parentage Foreign-bom white Negro Indian, Chinese, and Japanese MALES OF VOTING AGE Total number Native white— Native parentage Native white— Foreign or mixed parentage.. Foreign-bom white Naturalized Negro ILLITERACY Total number 10 years old and over Number illiterate Native wWte 10 years old and over Number illiterate Foreign-bom white 10 years old and over Number illiterate Negro 10 years old and over Number illiterate Illiterate males of voting^age SCHOOL AGE AND ATTENDANCE Total number 6 to 20 years, Inclusive Number attending school Pebsons 6 to 14 Yeaks, inclusive. Native white, number Number attending school Foreign-bom white, number Number attending school Negro, number Number attending school DWELLINGS AND FAMILIES Dwellings, number Faraihes, number 5,296 5,484 2,524 2,772 3,396 1,048 625 2,696 2,507 1,336 1,369 1,468 713 604 10 2,549 2,067 1,610 1,039 1,131 584 829 3 2 2,658 1,966 1,469 1,199 1,261 613 496 287 2 3,938 3,633 1,808 2,130 2,536 1,071 331 3,921 3,379 2,448 1,473 580 1,419 1,913 3,455 2,888 1,751 1,704 1,133 1,157 1,097 61 7 2,686 1,915 1,371 1,314 1,539 621 515 2,781 2,366 1,278 1,603 1,813 718 243 6 1 3,274 2,609 1,736 1,638 2,074 820 3,114 2,879 1,435 1,679 2,110 663 316 25 2,732 1,763 1,332 1,400 1,907 494 325 2 4 1,662 1,011 274 304 147 72 884 485 160 236 104 4 1,016 343 148 622 113 1 974 369 167 280 101 156 1,213 697 373 142 104 1,660 179 176 1,192 223 3 1,091 293 235 638 246 20 872 474 140 254 125 3 822 513 209 100 46 1,084 694 284 202 924 667 192 167 112 3 665 106 165 76 1 4,646 265 3,738 35 621 198 186 22 135 262 1,729 38 493 224 7 2,113 12 802 77 3 2,230 134 1,479 27 491 78 268 3,437 44 3,106 12 330 32 3,003 464 1,147 8 1,849 446 6 311 2,798 182 1,665 11 1,067 169 116 2,246 1,740 13 495 63 42 2,378 16 2,131 6 242 10 6 2,610 56 2,253 5 350 60 5 2,689 2,355 8 312 15 2,232 72 1,911 1 315 70 2 29 835 595 15 12 26 23 635 448 372 348 18 16 613 386 296 276 33 28 450 356 329 6 6 20 19 875 559 450 420 6 4 1,097 634 557 498 79 960 644 631 480 34 19 3 1 699 449 330 318 36 33 712 387 362 7 7 1 1 829 535 488 428 11 9 2 2 810 478 454 8 725 475 395 367 12 10 1,163 1,444 704 732 506 540 613 555 1,027 475 667 699 643 655 709 632 767 680 832 1 For changes in boimdaries, etc., see page 646. 75140°— 13- -41 630 SUPPLEMENT FOR NEW YORK. Table IV.— COMPOSITION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF THE POPULATION FOR PLACES OF 2,500 TO 10,000— Contd. Fairport. Fishkill Landing. Fort Edward Fort Plain. Frank- fort. Fre- donia. Free- port. Goshen. Gouver- Gran- ville. Green Island. Green- port. SEX, COLOR, AND NATIVITT Total population^ 1910. . 1900 Male.... Female., Native wMte — Native parentage Native white — Foreign or mixed parentage Foreign-bom white Negro Indian, Chinese, and Japanese HALES or VOTING AGE Total number Native white — Native parentage , Native white — Foreign or mixed parentage.. Foreign-bom white Naturalized Negro ILLITERACY Total nnmber 10 years old and over Number Illiterate 3,112 2,489 1,537 1,675 1,932 737 430 13 3,903 3,673 1,835 2,067 2,057 1,174 662 108 1 3,762 3,621 1,986 1,776 2,257 1,022 478 4 1 2,762 2,444 1,264 1,498 1,934 619 290 18 1 3,303 2,664 1,695 1,608 1,485 963 832 23 6,285 4,127 2,512 2,773 2,526 1,661 1,187 7 4 4,836 2,612 2,326 2,510 3,011 1,032 570 219 4 3,081 2,826 1,522 1.559 1,763 629 4,128 3,689 1,894 2,234 2,606 1,021 3,920 2,700 2,089 1,831 1,211 1,276 1,431 2 4,737 4,-770 2,307 2,430 2,122 1,746 867 2 2,366 1,551 1,538 1,720 737 557 75 1,051 580 248 222 109 4 1,165 641 305 293 165 25 1,292 666 355 276 106 4 891 679 166 138 66 1,062 481 163 412 137 6 692 267 636 268 1 1,47S 896 256 175 53 1,041 556 217 182 104 79 1,234 687 297. 249 134 1 1,316 306 249 761 318 1,422 640 202 957 492 167 276 122 22 Native white 10 years old and over Number illiterate Foreign-bom white 10 years old and over. . Number illiterate Negro 10 years old and over Nimiber ilUterate Illiterate males of voting age SCHOOL AGE AND ATTENDANCE Total number 6 to 20 years. Inclusive 2,658 106 2,228 16 421 90 9 1 63 3,242 126 2,607 12 540 111 85 3 67 3,120 138 2,651 83 464 104 4 1 93 2,429 2,126 13 284 74 18 2,604 294 3 792 290 14 1 153 4,217 390 3,067 7 1,163 3,983 3,220 666 2 193 165 2,644 70 2,008 17 383 17 246 23 3,461 102 573 63 2 3,173 489 1,816 172 1,355 316 2 2 224 3,887 203 3,046 17 839 186 2 2,510 31 1,912 1 538 29 60 1 20 Number attending school. PEKS0N3 G TO 14 YEAES, mCLUSIVE. Native white, number Number attending school Foreign-bom white, number Number attending school Negro, number Number attending school DWELLINGS AND FAMILIES Dwellings, number Families, number 708 467 384 362 16 14 1,062 767 689 647 15 14 24 19 651 519 484 19 13 673 351 274 10 9 1 1 677 443 415 65 54 1 1,361 989 740 663 73 70 2 1 1,257 867 712 676 4 2 25 25 681 300 272 10 9 54 45 741 573 612 35 31 1,072 687 644 442 94 1,221 760 617 620 443 24 14 13 716 799 908 682 758 632 763 1,172 1,332 1,164 1,158 717 1,072 1,129 741 852 740 1,144 733 766 Hastrngs- npon- Hudson. Haver- straw. Hemp- stead. Herk- imer. Homer. Hoosick Falls. Hudson FaUs.i nion. Lancas- ter. Leroy. Lester- shire. Low- ville. SEX, COLOR, AND NATIVITY Total population, 1910. . 1900 Male.... Female.. Native white — Native parentage Native white — Foreign or mixed parentage Foreign-bom white Negro Indlian, Chinese, and Japanese MALES OF VOTING AGE Total number Native white — Native parentage Native white — Foreign or mixed parentage. . Foreign-bom white Naturalized Negro ILLITERACY Total number 10 years old and over Number illiterate 4,662 2,002 2,801 1,751 1,332 1,544 1,625 60 1 6,660 5,935 2,957 2,712 2,255 2,012 1,086 316 1 4,964 3,582 2,402 2,662 2,569 1,188 971 242 4 7,620 5,555 3,995 3,526 4,388 1,444 1,679 2,696 2,381 1,251 1,444 2,196 360 137 11 1 6,632 5,671 2,738 2,794 2,423 1,961 1,138 10 6,189 4,473 2,497 2,692 3,410 1,230 522 25 2 5,138 3,370 3,218 3,940 1,753 4,361 3,750 2,210 2,154 1,999 1,636 727 2 3,771 3,144 1,748 2,023 1,645 1,242 848 3,776 3,111 1,836 1,939 3,231 404 131 9 2,940 2,352 1,336 1,604 2,089 638 213 Native white 10 years old and over Number ilUterate Foreign-bom white 10 years old and over.. Number illiterate Negro 10 years old and over Number illiterate 1,500 244 273 981 202 1 3,677 313 2,040 2 1,690 311 46 Illiterate males of voting age. 1,754 649 436 581 247 187 4,686 267 3,225 31 1,068 225 292 10 135 1,516 76t 266 461 191 4,070 183 2,914 11 962 137 200 32 2,705 1,444 343 914 242 4 6,420 363 4,784 19 1,627 344 8 114 60 26 2 2,337 26 2,191 16 136 93 201 1,797 669 564 672 293 2 4,708 210 3,692 26 1,108 183 8 1 100 1,686 930 402 243 150 4,311 179 3,811 69 510 120 18 2,368 1,298 615 436 306 9 5,673 6 4,700 2 849 3 24 1,307 441 480 385 175 1 3,150 42 2,750 7 698 35 2 81 22 1,025 399 285 331 188 10 3,018 46 2,181 4 810 40 27 2 . 15 1,206 994 151 58 43 2 613 254 92 59 3,186 11 3,052 7 130 7 4 2,564 10 2,356 13 208 27 20 SCHOOL AGE AND ATTENDANCE Total number 6 to 20 years, Inclusive Number attending school Peksons 6 TO 14 Yeaks, iNCLtrsrvE. Native white, number Number attending school Foreign-bom white, number Number attending school Negro, number Number attending school DWELLINGS AND FAMILIES Dwellings, number Families, number 1,576 1,187 913 867 66 45 38 491 718 1,769 1,118 982 873 36 29 22 18 1,087 1,203 1,219 719 646 667 39 29 38 28 1,085 1,191 1,783 1,092 900 819 76 63 1 1 1,646 1,762 596 396 322 283 3 2 4 4 793 1,381 960 697 672 43 38 3 3 1,060 1,366 1,397 993 767 732 24 22 6 6 1,147 1,238 1,427 1,000 794 766 14 14 4 2 1,479 1,735 1,282 866 784 678 27 25 1,006 691 527 488 925 971 943 890 570 486 465 2 2 2 2 771 981 363 320 264 6 1 801 1 For changes in boundaries, etc., see page 646. STATISTICS OF POPULATION. 631 Table IV.— COMPOSITION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF THE POPULATION FOR PLACES OF 2,500 TO 10,000— Contd. Lyons. Malone. Mama- roueck. Mas- Mattea- wan. Median- icvllle. Medina. Mount Kisco. Mount Morris. Newark. North Tarry- town. Nor- wich. SEX, COLOR, AND NATIVITY Total population, 1910. 1900 Male Female. Native white — Native parentage Native white — Foreign or mixed parentage Foreign-bom white Negro Indian, Chinese, and Japanese MALES OF VOTING AGE Total nomber Native white — Native parentage Native white — Foreign or mixed parentage. Foreign-bom white Naturalized Negro : ILLITERACY Total number 10 years old and over Number Ullteiate 4,460 4,300 2,133 2,327 2,090 1,545 808 16 1 6,467 5,935 3,011 3,466 3,668 1,950 819 6,699 (') 2,875 2,824 1,932 1,887 1,641 231 2,961 2,032 1,496 1,455 1,468 751 725 6,727 6,807 3,609 3,118 3,651 1,698 1,321 53 4 6,634 4,695 3,435 3,199 3,298 1,973 1,343 17 3 6,683 4, 716, 2,850 2,833 2,650 1,924 1,058 60 1 2.802 1,346 1,604 1,198 1,240 585 929 46 2 2,782 2,410 1,338 1,444 1,077 865 831 6,227 4,578 2,625 3,602 1,636 759 20 3 6,421 4,241 3,016 2,405 1,734 1,662 1,757 7,422 6,766 3,662 3,760 5,478 1,128 682 U3 1 1,418 585 438 387 1,801 869 566 346 205 1 1,712 493 371 781 344 59 893 409 181 300 73 1 2,516 1,110 667 801 217 33 2,228 1,014 506 699 268 6 796 537 553 300 12 1,148 416 122 799 314 163 320 120 1 1,830 1,086 417 325 176 2 643 406 309 91 2,499 1,777 357 320 177 44 Native white 10 years old and over ' Number illiterate Foreign-bom white 10 years old and over. Number illiterate Negro 10 years old and over , Number illiterate 3,747 10 797 161 13 1 lUiterate males of voting age SCHOOL AGE AND ATTENDANCE Total number 6 to 20 years, IncIuGive Number attending school Peksons 6 TO 14 Years, inclusive. Native white, number Number attending school Foreign-bom white, number ISlumber attending school Negro, number Number attending school DWELLINGS AND FAMILIES Dwellings, number Families, number 5,287 474 4,459 273 799 198 3 2 239 4,493 26 2,726 2 1,584 20 176 4 12 2,325 161 1,647 47 671 113 3 1 90 6,643 362 4,289 85 1,305 255 45 11 244 6,413 420 4,082 17 1,314 403 14 221 4,811 174 3,737 12 1,032 154 41 7 84 2,330 296 1,377 6 913 289 38 1 213 2,176 184 1,385 2 785 182 5 5,632 661 4,773 442 736 112 20 6 38 4,336 2,434 9 1,686 271 216 14 134 6,370 126 5,588 9 666 114 115 3 62 1,031 692 684 533 26 23 2 1,818 1,303 1,020 965 40 38 1 1 1,548 1,074 827 785 70 61 45 42 787 634 372 324 78 1,626 903 858 770 22 21 4 1,618 1.068 866 797 42 1,392 937 735 693 669 339 291 264 23 17 5 2 706 461 313 264 106 91 4 4 1,393 788 627 576 28 1,328 868 644 619 95 1,671 1,173 891 840 21 18 19 16 1,107 1,212 1,373 1,629 1,069 1,222 637 676 1,160 1,373 1,029 1,606 1,320 1,369 494 688 628 726 1,287 1,412 767 1,177 1,697 2,031 Nyack. Oneida.ii One- onta. Owego. Pat- chogue. Penn Yan. Perry. Port Jervis. Pots- dam. Kock- viUe Center. Eye.2 Harbor. SEX, COLOR, AND NATIVITY Total population, 1910 1900 Male Female Native white — Native parentage Native white — Foreign or mixed parentage Foreign-bom white Negro - ■ - Indian, Chinese, and Japanese MALES OF VOTING AGE Total number Native white— Native parentage Native white— Foreign or mixed parentage. Foreign-bom white Naturalized Negro ILLITERACY Total number 10 years old and over Number illiterate Native white 10 years old and over Number illiterate Foreign-bom white 10 years old and over Number illiterate Negro 10 years old and over Numbe» ilhterate Illiterate males of voting age SCHOOL AGE AND ATTENDANCE Total number 6 to 20 years, Inclusive Number attending school Persons 6 to 14 Years, inclusive. Native white, number Number attending school Foreign-bom white, number Number attending school Negro, number Number attending school DWELLINGS AND FAMILIES Dwellings, number Families, number 4,619 4,275 2,191 2,428 2,478 1,142 663 332 4 8,317 7,538 4,020 4,297 6,470 1,882 876 63 36 9,491 7,147 4,762 4,739 7,535 1,187 741 28 4,633 6,039 2,168 2,465 3,633 697 259 144 3,824 2,926 1,806 2,019 2,416 717 631 66 4 4,697 4,650 2,153 2,444 897 432 60 4,388 2,763 1,999 2,389 2,804 878 685 21 9,564 9,386 4,768 4,80* 6,296 2,048 1,141 74 6 4,036 3,843 1,878 2,158 2,629 l;061 455 3,667 1,884 1,755 1,912 2,246 910 420 3,964 1,840 2,124 1,332 1,208 1,134 283 7 3,408 1,969 1,719 1,689 1,474 1,070 735 119 10 693 304 326 183 83 2,657 1,601 599 422 234 21 3,293 2,481 371 428 200 13 1,543 1,163 209 126 65 45 1,133 738 109 268 142 14 1,526 1,032 273 204 136 17 1,326 808 228 284 114 6 3,144 1,760 717 639 179 23 1,197 726 283 187 105 1,120 613 272 209 133 24 354 191 440 243 33 987 364 242 366 173 27 3,893 2,987 3 662 20 250 18 24 7,018 237 6,084 14 868 212 44 8,163 179 7,408 10 720 166 26 4 122 4,083 122 3,707 32 266 76 121 14 77 3,176 88 2,515 8 608 78 49 2 35 4,072 76 27 424 47 45 2 3,783 82 3,093 6 671 77 19 31 8,117 64 6,942 28 1,106 28 64 6 20 3,421 219 2,971 111 449 108 118 3,020 46 2,530 15 417 20 71 11 18 2,804 168 30 714 120 91 73 1,199 816 640 694 10 10 68 64 1,958 1,287 2,119 1,435 1,164 1,081 26 24 1 1 897 632 464 441 9 8 25 25 1,048 751 666 529 45 38 991 706 639 498 9 1,024 561 440 402 35 28 4 2 1,604 1,033 780 522 13 13 904 691 526 497 4 4 6 5 1,031 674 540 487 26 23 22 19 1,138 1,880 2,153 2,116 2,526 1,227 1,423 952 974 1,260 1,343 1,018 1,057 2,018 2,447 935 1,050 863 904 640 770 726 1 Not returned separately. ' For changes in boundaries, etc., see page 646. 632 SUPPLEMENT FOR NEW YORK. Table IV.— COMPOSITION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF THE POPULATION FOR PLACES OP 2,500 TO 10,000— Oontd. • St. Jolins- ville. Sala- manca. Sarauac Lake.i Sauger- ties. gcotia.i Seneca Falls. Sidney. Silver Creek. Solvay. South- amp- Suffern Tarry- town. Tona- wanda. SEX, COLOR, AHD NATIVITY Total population, 1910 1900. Male Female. Native white— Native parentage Native white — Foreign or mixed parentage . Foreign-born whit» Negro Indian, Chinese, and Japanese 2,536 1,873 1,284 1,252 1,875 348 5,792 4,251 2,941 2,851 2,919 1,912 942 16 3 «,983 2,594 2,351 2,632 3,323 1,115 571 56 18 3,929 3,697 1,825 2,104 2,789 2,957 1,520 1,437 1,865 716 374 1 1 6,588 6,519 3,353 3,235 3,685 1,719 1,165 19 2,507 2,331 1,210 1,297 2,122 254 127 4 2,512 1,944 1,216 1,296 1,180 800 517 5,139 2,893 2,246 1,775 1,700 1,663 1 2,509 2,289 1,306 1,203 1,358 604 561 91 6 2,663 1,619 1,368 1,295 1,624 694 434 10 1 5,600 4,770 2,914 2,686 2,377 1,787 1,197 237 2 8,290 7,421 4,361 3,929 3,220 3,214 1,864 1 1 HALES OF VOTUTG AGE Total numbeT Native white— Native parentage Native white — Foreign or mixed parentage . Forelgn-bom white Naturalized Negro ILLITERACY Total number 10 years old and over ITumber Illiterate 863 594 109 157 36 1,732 811 432 481 266 6 1,545 907 381 235 73 16 1,167 731 294 134 61 7 901 531 182 186 105 1 2,319 1,117 578 621 835 693 77 66 42 794 334 213 243 1,702 477 278 946 342 1 837 449 76 279 108 849 477 153 218 102 1 670 352 511 278 63 2,628 859 573 Native white 10 years old and over Number illiterate Foreign-born white 10 years old and over. Number illiterate Negro 10 years old and over Number illiterate 2,171 64 1,874 6 292 58 5 Ilitsrate males of voting age. SCHOOL AGE AITD ATTEITDANCE Total number 6 to 20 years, Inclusive ITumber attending school Febsons 6 TO 14 Years, mcLusrvE. Native white, number Number attending school Foreign-born white, number Number attending school Negro, number Number attending school bwellhtgs ATsm fauilies Dwellings, number FamiUes, number 693 348 290 268 15 10 1,589 136 3,650 19 923 116 13 1 65 1,638 1,127 1,013 902 30 24 6 5 4,163 3,556 43 550 37 44 6 3,344 3,018 30 298 26 27 2 2,318 47 13 387 33 1 51 1,211 814 28 1,004 641 526 410 4 4 5 6 21 816 674 520 472 14 12 5,696 4,475 32 1,109 228 12 2 136 786 722 63 57 5 4 2,164 35 2,037 10 123 25 4 2,065 119 1,548 4 495 115 2,387 4 1,604 405 1 579 106 318 307 5 5 630 393 335 267 27 19 249 1,523 1,063 852 819 82 71 2,042 50 1,424 2 542 40 71 5 30 641 142 352 303 13 11 12 10 2,206 48 1,776 7 420 40 8 1 21 766 601 426 371 1,563 31 3,186 4 1,171 21 204 12 1,693 1,213 1,043 978 26 23 35 31 6,861 215 5,067 34 1,796 181 105 1,318 1,273 1,074 65 42 559 641 1,234 1,357 1,097 839 591 697 1,594 1,630 578 716 600 647 832 1,022 522 590 508 601 1,107 1,782 1,894 Tucka- hoe.' Tupper Lake. I Wal- den. Wal- ton. Wap- pingers Falls. War- Water- lord. Water- loo. Wat- kins. Wav- erly. Wells- ville. West- fleld. White- hall. SEX, COLOR, AUTD ITATIVITY Total population. 1910 1900. Male...., Female. 2,722 3,067 Native white — Native parentage. Native white — Foreign or mixed parentage Foreign-bom white Negro Indian, Chinese, and Japanese HALES OF VOTING AGE Total number Native white— Native parentage Native white — Foreign or nalxed parentage. Foreign-bom white Naturalized Negro ILLITERACY Total number 10 years old and over Number illiterate 1,486 1,236 530 997 1,140 52 3 1,589 1,478 1,026 1,127 912 1 1 1,001 3,147 2,042 1,962 2,771 734 3,103 2,811 1,456 1,647 2,534 403 142 24 3,195 3,504 1,573 1,622 1,687 1,000 489 19 3,206 3,048 1,465 1,741 2,228 674 292 12 3,216 3,146 1,611 1,634 1,662 3,931 4,256 1,872 2,059 2,523 966 425 17 2,817 2,943 1,288 1,529 2,024 444 240 96 13 1,866 4,465 2,260 2,595 3,851 673 271 60 1,382 3,556 2,102 2,280 2,878 1,070 378 55 1 2,986 2,430 1,403 1,582 1,709 737 535 2 2 4,917 4,377 2,461 2,456 2,807 1,367 732 10 1 127 132 543 202 18 860 236 191 433 149 200 247 108 4 975 754 143 64 450 287 257 179 5 983 652 189 138 1,131 502 269 355 110 4 1,297 760 326 207 141 4 875 614 120 108 66 30 1,618 1,171 209 151 77 17 1,334 804 336 180 130 13 901 494 166 237 120 2 1,188 669 467 348 168 3 Native white 10 years old and over Number illiterate Foreign-born white 10 years old and over. . . Number ilUterate Negro 10 years old and over Number ilUterate Illiterate niales of voting age. . 2,014 371 903 4 1,097 358 41 9 171 2,199 283 1,346 852 214 3,376 64 2,886 28 482 35 7 1 2,662 13 2,493 9 137 32 22 2 2,626 91 2,125 12 484 77 17 2 40 2,766 23 2,460 10 287 12 2,846 101 2,216 12 615 91 13 70 3,386 86 2,954 16 418 64 13 5 38 2,419 33 5 233 19 80 1,170 3,851 5 269 42 50 2 21 3,678 40 3,264 21 372 18 41 2,618 161 1,996 7 518 156 • 2 3,960 265 3,247 96 705 159 7 66 123 SCHOOL AGE AND ATTENDANCE Total number 6 to 20 years, inclusive Number attending school Pebsons 6 TO 14 Years, inclusive. Native white, number Number attending school Foreign-bom white, number Number attending school Negro, numl)er Number attending school DWELLINGS AND FAMILIES DwelUngs, number FamiUes, number 781 387 332 79 07 3 2 974 698 580 439 76 60 1,023 690 543 472 19 19 771 686 422 393 916 603 528 411 10 9 791 667 410 401 396 325 284 17 10 2 2 836 610 477 460 10 9 1 634 192 344 330 11 11 17 17 1,081 813 610 577 2 1 12 10 643 585 5 5 9 5 739 680 406 381 27 21 812 707 641 41 37 3 3 344 558 531 604 873 1,018 739 853 612 751 794 831 758 1,065 1,122 776 811 1,249 1,376 1,039 1,155 706 793 1,056 1,165 ■ For changes in boundaries, etc., see page 646. STATISTICS OF POPULATION. 633 Table V.— COMPOSITION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF THE POPULATION FOR WARDS (OR ASSEMBLY DISTRICTS) OP CITIES OF 50,000 OR MORE. ALBANY. StmjF.CT. The City. WAKD. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 SEX, COLOR, AND NATIVITY Total popniation, 1910 100,253 48,270 51,983 44,473 36,533 18,165 1,037 45 586 286 666 1,282 120 4,620 281 4,545 2,205 2,445 356 96 93 146 439 6,827 3,301 3,526 2,479 3,144 1,203 1 5,357 2,664 2,693 1,937 2,359 1,061 5,781 •3,017 2,764 1,868 2,359 1,632 22 4,979 2,821 2,168 1,109 1,647 2,062 146 16 54 23 25 46 6 122 1 124 1,001 614 10 2 1 76 58 5,354 2,690 2,764 2,209 1,867 1,223 62 3 22 43 29 56 4 165 19 178 399 229 19 2 8 6 44 4,278 2,184 2,094 2,207 1,360 607 106 8 11 21 62 76 9 73 2 192 46 21 28 9 6 9 43 5, OSS 2,338 2,747 2,638 1,678 644 125 6,004 2,486 2,619 1,946 2,052 911 95 3,786 1,901 1,884 1,630 1,569 577 Male Female . Native white— Native parentage Native white— Foreign or mixed parentage Foreign-born white Negro „ 5 Indian, Chinese, and Japanese 4 FoBEiGN-BoRN White: Born in— Austria 4 7 24 38 12 863 60 130 11 16 8 21 9 22 23 4 394 22 156 26 348 6 69 16 16 117 6 194 10 283 222 573 5 6 2 18 7 10 17 32 64 7 64 12 306 32 57 15 6 2 37 8 37 66 6 82 3 433 39 151 23 1 1 3 21 16 Canadar-French 23 Canada — Other 24 England 38 France 1 61 Holland 3 308 Italy 42 Bussia 43 Scotland 8 Sweden Switzerland 12 9 10 5 1 24 1 1 Other foreign countries 21 9 32,000 11,959 11,435 8,192 4,827 379 2,049 499 984 566 422 1,606 416 729 461 313 1,823 466 667 696 377 6 1,967 402 391 1,082 392 78 1,836 680 660 573 299 19 1,766 813 676 309 167 49 1,676 737 627 276 164 35 1,612 436 638 406 168 33 1,166 361 538 264 Naturalized 142 Negro 2 86,244 2,762 1,219 23,794 14,816 6,616 110 40 1,863 1,066 4; 364 213 71 1,518 896 4,709 296 127 1,663 1,025 4,189 630 343 1,118 650 4,669 161 74 1,144 662 3,985 22 9 736 392 4,391 96 40 1,141 767 4,160 81 29 1,382 809 3,070 106 51 Total number 6 to 20 years, inclusive . 1,062 669 DWELLINGS AND FAMILIES 16,437 24,069 1.026 1,692 634 1,261 706 1,296 668 1,053 810 1,331 642 969 816 1,304 703 1,171 688 866 WARD. 10 11 12 IS 14 15 16 17 18 19 SEX, COLOK, AND NATIVITY Total ttoDUlation. 1910 4,055 1,886 2,169 1,680 1,648 720 7 5,097 2,437 2,620 2,293 1,916 838 7 3 49 7 31 63 4 366 36 163 19 67 28 2 4 6,074 2,921 3,1,53 2,256 2,344 1,219 252 3 86 11 20 62 4 172 4 483 183 131 11 3 4 13 32 3,944 1,664 2,280 1,797 1,263 823 63 8 114 2 36 64 6 177 10 240 26 63 21 21 7 6,103 2,169 2,944 3,041 1,403 635 24 4,083 1,796 2,288 1,834 1,692 562 5 7,123 3,280 3,843 3,885 2,117 1,017 103 1 24 20 77 129 16 206 30 347 41 42 44 11 11 3 16 6,364 2,743 2,621 2,660 1,980 823 1 6,166 2,261 2,906 3,14« 1,422 578 20 7,834 3,823 4 Oil Nativp white — Native narentaffe 3,958 2,723 1,140 13 Foreign-Born White: Bornin— 20 14 8 47 16 20 61 86 8 96 20 202 18 36 30 6 5 2 40 10 5 22 49 2 121 6 223 42 34 13 6 3 5 11 8 20 46 92 6 351 26 180 6 18 46 3 3 16 4 56 78 7 195 7 153 6 17 19 4 S Oanada-*~rrench 17 49 90 13 415 5 103 11 73 6 9 4 503 jtaly 35 16 Other foreign countries 5 10 37 18 12 21 MALES OF VOTING AGE 1,255 410 509 335 262 1 1,567 587 586 387 245 6 1,970 602 703 581 280 84 1,126 487 361 254 142 16 1,736 1,011 482 237 161 6 1,172 402 541 227 144 2 2,338 1,139 703 467 338 39 1,705 683 627 395 313 1,500 834 468 196 126 3 2,364 1,005 865 493 382 1 Naturalized ILLITEKACT AND SCHOOL ATTENDANCE 3,464 86 20 931 596 4,158 89 33 1,193 697 5,186 407 211 1,380 831 3,438 63 19 823 443 4,816 18 7 759 477 3,482 " 68 13 1,068 736 6,292 106 61 1,436 993 4,248 54 23 1,352 894 4,416 37 6 1,137 798 6,691 132 42 2,089 1.435 Number attending school DWELLINGS AND FAUILIES 675 1,089 811 1,266 890 1,668 728 968 949 1,268 664 1,004 1,090 1,670 850 1,267 981 1,299 1,307 1,847 634 SUPPLEMENT FOR NEW YORK. Table V.— COMPOSITION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF THE POPULATION FOR WARDS (OR ASSEMBLY DISTRICTS) OF CITIES OF 50,000 OR MORE— Continued. BUFFALO. The CITT. WAED. 1 2 3 1 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 SEX, COLOR, AND NATIVITY 423,715 212,602 211,213 119,692 183,673 118,444 1,773 133 9,284 566 16,713 7,066 682 43,811 314 2,442 9,423 11,399 11,349 1,978 1,021 639 304 1,453 17,947 9,406 8,541 4,563 8,526 4,856 2 283 26 595 322 13 326 2 375 2,268 206 244 96 21 IS 8 56 9,129 5,449 3,680 1,650 3,634 3,833 12 928 13 165 101 18 324 3 13 396 979 699 23 19 55 61 36 16,506 8,849 7,656 5,207 6,492 4,738 56 12 270 43 1,020 367 27 612 9 24 672 929 400 115 41 29 68 122 22,639 11,615 11,124 7,770 9,925 4,933 11 337 39 797 508 30 1,567 7 72 752 162 173 146 188 16 8 131 12,644 6,297 6,347 3,734 4,352 3,396 1,120 43 95 21 568 223 44 918 7 60 280 290 629 51 23 48 86 152 11,848 6,808 6,040 2,930 6,124 3,762 32 14,462 7,266 7,196 3,756 7,108 3,698 t > 32,474 17,211 a6,263 1,240 17,796 13,438 20,157 10,667 9,600 4,177 10,046 5,912 16 6 687 24 311 161 27 3,620 5 29 248 309 504 41 22 23 14,711 7,307 7,404 4,307 6,822 3,551 29 2 91 15 208 92 34 2,294 16 57 46 46 524 24 8 45 11 40 22,872 11,507 11,365 2,841 12,184 7,847 24,542 Male 12,456 12,086 5,309 Native white — Foreign or mixed parentage 12,722 Foreign-bom white 6,509 2 FoBEiGN-BoRN White: BoTTi in— Austria 140 26 228 157 26 962 11 28 94 91 1,800 43 19 61 17 69 240 • 11 219 93 39 2,406 9 60 47 17 370 24 2 31 6 36 2,878 1 66 30 15 7,725 1 42 38 4 2,600 4 is' 566 14 101 61 16 5,715 3 32 18 25 1,235 11 7 22 3 29 344 20 Canada — Other 518 229 France 23 Germany 4,446 Holland 6 31 Ireland 224 Italy 40 Russia 451 71 64 32 21 11 20 MALES OF VOTING AGE 128,133 30,517 40,446 56,337 29,409 740 6,629 860 2,187 2,580 1,489 3,578 462 803 2,316 642 7 6,043 1,719 1,922 2,372 1,114 26 «,586 1,819 2,360 2,404 1,429 3 4,641 1,166 1,299 1,565 860 478 3,612 702 1,225 1,577 866 8 4,231 670 1,834 1,727 1,113 8,423 179 1,436 6,808 3,052 5,578 950 1,655 2,964 1,663 6 4,260 773 1,819 1,654 1,086 12 5,846 511 1,565 3,770 2,189 6,351 1,168 Native white — ForeimTor mixed narentaee 2,065 3,116 1,885 Ne^ - 2 ILLITERACY AND SCHOOL ATTENDANCE 343,146 12,745 6,664 120,366 73,412 14,212 682 366 6,271 3,497 7,181 626 294 2,321 1,384 14,036 403 163 3,966 2,345 17,592 290 134 6,831 4,509 10,980 393 159 2,671 1,635 9,574 591 183 3,355 1,904 11,670 262 113 4,361 2,582 23,546 2,128 921 11,825 6,246 16,301 718 353 7,066 3,216 11,986 274 79 4,361 2,566 17,174 586 254 8,078 4,805 18,460 590 Illiterate males of voting age 264 8,613 Number attending school ,. 5,556 DWELLINGS AND FAMILIES 62,335 91,328 2,681 3,634 1,149 1,626 2,409 3,978 3,616 4,755 1,869 2,968 1,632 2,767 2,063 3,348 2,814 6,931 2,977 3,983 2,265 3,506 2,689 4,494 3,722 5,024 WAED. IS 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 SEX, COLOK, AND NATIVITT Total noDulation. 1910 9,925 4,640 5,285 3,395 4,463 2,050 16 1 53 5 415 132 46 1,113 6 30 87 26 18 36 22 23 11,907 5,777 6,130 3,445 6,909 2,649 4 19,385 9,022 10,363 7,516 8,142 3,586 130 11 21 35 1,080 461 43 1,222 16 1 402 20 36 99 46 28 re 21,901 10,930 10,971 7,030 10, 176 4,688 5 2 43 22 580 303 36 3,100 26 21 121 229 20 59 31 38 7 53 13,636 6,660 6,976 5,589 5,158 2,838 42 9 54 26 712 329 21 888 105 18 276 161 57 79 36 28 7 41 21,522 11,928 9,694 4,476 8,651 8,479 14 2 1,982 28 1,156 332 26 1,593 11 1,421 248 16 1,352 79 132 23 so' 17,219 8,111 9,108 6,560 6,104 4,611 41 3 95 48 1,720 594 24 832 17 37 571 31 144 220 66 14 1 97 18,870 8,561 10,309 8,840 6,343 3,657 24 6 44 34 1,643 604 26 469 19 32 426 23 29 188 63 12 10 45 13,804 5,667 8,137 6,825 4,228 2,714 34 3 21 25 909 491 28 603 8 5 396 14 26 150 72 21 6 40 12,136 6,736 6,400 5,240 4,473 2,378 40 5 8 15 1,056 360 16 305 6 9 372 18 19 124 40 10 1 30 8,985 3,659 5,326 4,063 2,942 1,943 33 4 21 12 692 329 29 289 6 12 341 8 30 66 42 11 3 52 15,479 7,677 7,802 6,827 4,878 3,700 69 16 28 42 1,313 499 36 385 11 23 458 534 61 127 36 19 9 119 19,016 Male 10,406 8,610 2,402 7,575 8,979 53 7 Foreign-Born White: Bomin^ 22 6 182 70 18 2,051 5 13 71 33 21 16 8 22 1 10 34 15 459 248 22 247 1 7 Ireland 671 Italy 7,189 7 86 33 10 3 Other foreign countries 40 47 MALES OF VOTING AGE 3,008 760 1,349 893 693 5 3,406 651 1,568 1,187 917 5,894 1,928 2,286 1,621 1,163 51 6,159 1,367 2,627 2,261 1,606 2 4,157 1,426 1,338 1,378 871 13 7,373 1,07S 1,683 4,602 1,271 8 5,511 1,836 1,778 1,879 1,109 16 5,685 2,450 1,787 1,439 906 5 3,866 1,874 1,117 863 451 10 3,912 1,562 1,349 987 567 11 2,627 1,169 823 624 357 8 5,919 2,682 . 1,543 1,652 727 28 6,038 766 1,129 4,098 1,613 Negro 41 TT.T.TTERACY AND SCHOOL ATTENDANCE 8,617 72 16 2,627 1,674 9,888 66 21 3,611 2,227 16,548 72 19 4,945 3,155 17,552 273 118 7,022 4,321 11,272 266 127 3,680 2,637 17,036 873 467 6,048 3,721 14, 791 462 191 3,762 2,331 16,328 73 20 4,461 3,147 12,305 53 5 2,961 1,992 10,565 28 4 2,731 1,862 8,063 23 5 1,692 1,113 14,146 213 89 2,684 1,679 14,424 Number illiterate 2,829 1,299 5,533 Number attending school 3,510 DWELLINGS AND FAMILIES 1,676 2,680 1,929 2,801 3,468 4,815 3,440 4,907 2,385 2,840 3,173 4,246 2,773 3,691 3,646 4,693 2,535 3,243 2,219 2,930 1,562 1,991 2,040 2,973 1,723 3,705 STATISTICS OF POPULATION. 635 Table V.— COMPOSITION AND CHARACTERISTICS OP THE POPULATION FOR WARDS (OR ASSEMBLY DISTRICTS) OP CITIES OP 50,000 OR MORE— Continued. NEW YOBK CITY. The City. MANHATTAN BOEOUGH. 3UBJECT. The Borough. Assembly District. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 SEX, COLOR, AND NATIVITY Total population, 1910 4,786,883 2,382,482 2,384,401 921,318 1,820,141 1,927,703 91,709 6,012 2,331,642 1,166,669 1,164,883 344,361 818,208 1,104,019 60,534 4,430 76,878 42,098 33,780 7,666 27,782 39,843 529 59 91,509 49,623 41,J986 3,195 28,293 59,849 65 107 88,002 50,710 37,292 4,268 30,222 51,074 85 2,353 99,721 52,361 47,370 2,318 32,307 66,062 31 13 57,341 29,712 27,629 12,670 22,891 20,668 1,066 46 99,228 51,497 47,731 1,057 30,803 67,322 28 18 62,483 27,796 24,687 12,108 18,806 19,656 1,850 63 109,107 67,490 61,617 546 29,587 78,924 28 22 64,496 Male.:. 28,845 26,651 9,833 Female Native white— Native parentage Native white — Foreign or mixed parentage 19,011 Foreign-bom white 20 229 Negro 5,381 62 Inoian, Chinese, Japanese, and all other FOREIGN NATZONAT.TTIES FOEEIGN-BORN WHITE*. BtTU 271— Austria 190,237 2,844 23,228 6,990 7,989 78,135 7,409 18,265 278,114 8,038 4,191 76,625 262,662 340,765 22,280 33,584 484,189 23,115 34,960 10,460 6,160 3,696 14,788 * 99,292 1,610 6,090 2,696 33,426 6,465 328,059 1,887 32,776 309,804 191,545 9,272 237,280 12,331 16,811 3,215 154,008 137,401 1,609 11,421 3,341 2,764 36,474 3,604 13,058 117,990 6,637 2,109 68,907 161,052 199,767 4,026 23,422 285,194 10,635 13,215 6,796 4,085 3,090 8,443 66,241 670 1,933 628 11,399 3,558 115,725 859 22,448 162,822 102,687 1,013 119,377 4,415 3,784 1,251 70,136 1,359 37 147 24 57 467 50 265 1,697 307 57 826 5,115 26,571 109 61 858 163 208 164 ■ 982 43 296 324 5 24 10 173 82 1,380 6 197 6,867 14,529 42 457 51 53 17 1,297 1,280 12, 70 15 47 498 57 33 711 616 19 174 1,910 14,276 103 226 39,095 68 123 36 30 87 366 565 4 14 10 102 17 425 2,500 28 106 19 60 473 12 109 3,065 124 35 880 1,496 33,531 67 1,266 6,662 129 105 88 19 177 143 826 2 19 7 151 32 1,478 7 216 1,970 19,769 7 2,732 51 10 11 1,187 23,817 3 38 2 10 718 17 32 499 303 63 269 42 52 1,218 108 536 2,126 115 29 232 7,991 5,462 129 46 769 401 208 113 58 28 381 94 28 71 23 418 191 2,262 8 63 9,847 2,609 68 444 166 111 25 1,476 26,593 1 32 S 17 535 11 54 965 6 39 10,044 192 678 3 1,613 28,317 7 10 50 34 5 111 12,287 1 3 378 120 453 97 105 1,832 29 1,305 2,186 417 43 269 6,128 3,381 94 33 722 865 316 326 74 55 429 110 20 77 19 433 282 2,367 13 77 7,338 1,465 41 470 231 143 62 1,574 13,489 1 29 8 8 560 9 30 729 180 11 394 110 3,934 1 6,570 51,438 4 9 94 361 761 194 4,729 3 2 3 34 4 359 1 104 143 1,308 4 18,903 4 4 1 3,347 953 52 Canada^Other 205 Cuba and other West Indies i 38 Denmark 71 825 FlrUand 22 France 920 3,221 781 Greece Holland 11 1,914 1,069 2,468 5 514 33,787 26 9 31 20 6 66 12,197 48 Hungary 325 5,082 Italy 5,025 36 S3 1,311 305 Scotland Sweden 178 Switzerland 303 Turkey in Asia 117 83 Other foreign countries 272 Native White : Both parents horn iTt— 206 21 7 46 14 England 1 60 5 693 2 954 1,671 1,201 4 12,249 16 3 4 2,221 45 3 980 7 5,309 230 338 3 7,901 4 5 2 2,888 314 185 Germany 3,526 17 Holland 36 2,691 7,496 17 14,270 14 19 5 1,123 100 Ireland ' ' 6,016 2,144 12 753 130 77 98 1,405 MALES OF VOTING AGE 1,433,749 229,362 339,611 828,793 318,091 30,855 727,555 99,114 142,087 461,246 148,847 21,279 26,830 3,406 4,079 19,054 4,656 240 28,074 1,157 2,488 24,311 4,423' 31 32,200 2,440 3,794 23,826 6,526 31 26,769 455 1,489 24,797 4,616 6 19,004 3,234 6,219 10,073 3,961 436 27,398 173 1,348 25,864 6,445 .7 19,578 3,716 4,968 10,119 3,702 718 30,970 172 924 29,836 6,733 18 18, 917 2,479 4,393 9,936 3,366 Naturalized 2,057 3,821,540 264,208 91,815 1,334,357 828,720 1,900,911 161,218 52,536 626,659 368,913 60,102 7,923 2,980 20,628 11,837 71,114 13,473 5,103 30,277 17,306 68,632 16,479 7,002 24,162 13,437 74,649 15,284 5,072 35,946 22,011 46,782 1,775 704 14,830 8,618 76,236 10,980 3,443 35,327 20,293 44,864 1,567 610 11,781 6,669 84,880 17,138 5,306 38,875 22,241 45,123 1,888 794 13,859 7,703 Number attending school DWELLINGS AND FAMILIES 306,698 1,020,827 76,410 493,646 2,689 14,792 1,790 16,665 2,018 15,675 1,528 18,353 2,371 12,636 1,500 18,049 2,489 11,298 1,840 20,209 2,000 12,579 • Natl'TO whites having both parents bom in countries other than specified, and also those having both parents of foreign birth but born in different countries. 636 SUPPLEMENT FOR NEW YORK. Table V.— COMPOSITION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF THE POPULATION FOR WARDS (OR ASSEMBLY DISTRICTS) OF CITIES OF 50,000 OR MORE— Continued. NEW YORK C ITT— Continued. MANHATTAN BOBOUGH— Continued. SUBJECT. Assembly District. 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 SEX, COLOR, AND NATIVITY 100,929 52,276 48,653 2,630 27,999 70,238 27 35 62,833 27,127 26,706 10,950 22,081 18,601 1,269 32 78,010 39,992 38,013, 8,797 25,775 43,296 91 61 62,290 26,616 25,774 8,981 18,568 15,413 9,273 66 63,879 33,417 30,462 9,697 24,442 29,554 86 100 72,031 29,706 42,325 24,897 21,260 23,867 1,865 162 61,416 32,116 29,299 7,933 24,040 28,687 693 62 63,348 27,341 36,007 18,365 22,099 19,729 3,074 81 74,694 36,922 37,672 7,069 30,749 36,687 38 51 82,407 36,634 46,773 27,533 28,276 24,760 1,690 149 65,821 m^t!!:!^^:^"":;;:;;;;::::::::::::::::::::::::":::: 32,603 Female. %- 33,318 Nativo white — Native ■oarentae'e 6,416 28,104 30,547 723 IntSan, Cliinese, Japanese, and all other 31 FOREIGN NATIONALITIES FoBEiGN-BoBN White: Born ivr— 13,452 11 53 14 22 612 8 96 5,062 153 45 5,272 371 14,210 11 6,318 24,137 22 28 160 47 107 127 4,100 6 4 4 46 21 4,197 13 1,626 622 5,376 9 6,951 9 8 26 3,198 795 48 263 164 60 1,044 7 348 3,499 194 49 209 7,936 1,647 44 36 831 605 214 263 68 34 164 216 35 48 5 306 117 4,530 12 62 8,299 1,050 14 400 197 94 94 1,626 6,892 11 178 30 61 641 20 156 4,226 367 49 4,576 3,491 10,918 40 793 11,099 131 101 129 190 16 192 2,735 8 20 5 174 42 4,056 19 1,466 4,736 3,738 17 3,450 47 28 39 1,965 508 35 297 171 63 870 37 298 2,092 183 18 297 7,078 1,643 74 9 604 497 246 125 50 41 187 277 17 36 15 250 77 2,440 11 121 7,823 908 10 535 241 102 62 1,432 1,027 51 318 73 115 1,353 320 499 3,476 657 69 699 9,061 6,716 176 145 1,493 378 1,177 207 911 175 478 10 39 23 463 125 2,876 36 172 9,385 3,156 39 948 110 404 36 1,904 792 68 876 229 157 1,978 264 737 4,409 211 80 627 8,282 1,689 432 20 622 604 984 342 55 65 344 241 19 156 18 686 174 4,384 28 62 4,714 948 52 352 299 163 41 1,905 1,631 53 305 62 122 1,237 49 380 5,462 296 54 2,076 9,144 3,923 127 96 1,868 311 746 248 106 190 201 818 24 45 17 318 115 4,825 13 619 7,583 1,922 15 1,053 81 178 48 2,027 864 57 846 266 155 1,585 142 501 4,831 85 84 844 5,699 885 236 67 928 573 609 218 64 10 390 294 19 122 33 627 171 5,066 37 136 5.002 487 67 637 331 163 61 2,099 9,435 52 196 47 115 992 63 404 4,917 192 65 5,190 6,226 4,626 87 230 2,331 248 705 208 33 123 202 6,796 28 50 28 321 117 4,081 23 1,723 6,698 1,966 11 1,288 85 224 49 2,476 1,326 113 1,211 325 231 2,106 176 573 5,678 136 94 1,278 6,147 866 311 102 1,954 645 616 288 107 48 431 529 67 147 58 836 226 6,193 39 285 6,877 407 99 1,169 365 194 91 3,062 7,776 133 Canada — Other - 123 69 56 Eneland. 663 35 209 6,283 41 Holland 85 5,095 Ireland- 3,888 Italy 2,090 34 213 2,978 136 231 Switzerland 170 48 Turkey in Burope 12 189 6,606 64 Canada — Other 49 10 England 188 63 5,169 43 2,153 4,952 Italy 1,140 4 1,801 Scotland 61 Sweden 74 44 2,308 MALES OF VOTING AGE Total nuiiiber 31,160 527 2,537 28,044 5,889 11 17,307 2,666 6,126 9,063 3,968 426 24,016 2,242 3,986 17,710 4,085 41 16,573 2,168 3,728 7,343 3,279 3,286 22,032 2,715 5,096 14,092 4,895 48 21,792 7,881 6,969 7,399 3,637 412 21,864 2,144 5,518 13,819 6,016 320 19,231 6,321 5,661 7,230 3,690 960 22,191 1,442 4,766 15,929 5,804 11 26,923 8,225 7,226 9,888 5,086 470 19,135 1,172 Native white — Foreien'or mixed "Darentaee . . 4,440 13,255 5,244 245 80,638 10,243 3,119 30,476 16,424 43,247 1,101 432 13,792 8,321 61,411 7,498 2,687 21,848 12,476 41,937 1,214 399 13,381 8,233 62,764 3,068 1,167 15,747 8,919 65,263 741 251 12,788 7,274 51,545 2,667 911 13,978 8,012 56,110 493 147 13,011 7,953 59,154 2,767 896 20,382 12,455 * 71,934 733 174 16,617 9,799 51,676 1,930 692 Total number 6 to 20 years, inclusive . . 18,571 11,636 DWELLINGS AND FAMILIES 1,866 20,906 1,745 12,392 1,992 16,813 1,606 12,187 2,220 14,749 4,191 14,809 2,207 12,295 2,617 14,913 2,384 17,338 2,303 21,571 1,935 1.1,548 ' Except Porto Rico. a Native whites having both parents born in countries other than specified, and also those having parents of foreign birth but bom In different countries. STATISTICS OF POPULATION. 637 Table V —COMPOSITION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF THE POPULATION FOR WARDS fOR ASSEMBLY DISTRICTS) OP CITIES OF 50,000 OR MORE— Continued. NEW TOBK C I T Y-Continued. MANHATTAN BOBOUGH — Continued. SEX, COLOR, AND NATIVITY Total population, 1910 Male Female Native white— Native parentage Native white-^Foreign or mixed parentage Foreign-bom white Negro Indian, Chinese, Japanese, and all otlier FOREIGN NATIONALITIES FOEEIGN-BOKN WHITE: Bom in— Austria Canada — French Canada — Other Cuba and other West Indies' Denmark England Finland France Germany Greece Holland Hungary Ireland Italy Norway Boumania Russia ScoMand Sweden Switzerland Turkey in Asia Turkey in Europe Other foreign countries Native White: Both parents horn in — Austria Canada — French Canada— Other Denmark England France Germany Holland Hungary Ireland Italy Norway Russia Scotland Sweden Switzerland All others of foreign parentage " HALES OF VOTING AGE Total number Native white— Native parentage Native white— Foreign or mixed parentage Foreign-bom white Naturalized Negro ILLITERACY AND SCHOOL ATTENDANCE Total number 10 years old and over Number illiterate Illiterate males of voting age Total number 6 to 20 years, inclusive Number attending school DWELLINGS AND FAMILIES Dwellings, number Families, number > Except Porto Rico. s Native whites having both parents born m countnes other tlian specmed, and also those having both parents of foreign birth hut bom in different countries. 638 SUPPLEMENT FOR NEW YORK. Table V.— COMPOSITION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF THE POPULATION FOR WARDS (OR ASSEMBLY DISTRICTS) OP CITIES OF 50,000 OR MORE— Continued. NEW YORK C I T T— Continued. BRONX BOEOUGH. BROOKLYN ^OEOUGH. SUBJECT. The Borough. Assembly District. The Borough. Assembly District. SO (pt. ot.) 82 33 31 3S 1 2 3 1 5 SEX. COLOR, AND NATIVITY 130,980 217, 120 213,860 92,569 185, 146 148,935 4,117 213 24,707 12,690 12,017 5,376 10,792 8,218 308 13 131,248 66,996 64,252 30,509 57,232 42,080 1,364 63 80,711 41, 410 39,301 13,542 34,095 31,445 1,589 40 105,030 51,766 53,274 21,644 45,468 37,601 274 43 89,281 44,268 45,016 21,498 37,559 29,591 682 54 1,631,351 809,791 824,660 376,548 663,583 671,356 22,708 1,156 60,071 24,890 25, 181 14,098 16,894 15,877 3,110 92 52,189 28,436 23,753 10,332 21,796 18,963 946 153 61,632 32,948 28,684 8,256 25,693 27,594 50 39 56,801 27,706 29,096 13,472 23,S4S 19, 132 321 31 56,213 Male 25,637 30,606 Native white — Native parentage 22,643 21,752 Foreign-bom white 4 .... 11.169 Negro '653 26 FOREIGN NATIONALITIES FoBEiGN-BoRN White: BoTTi in— Austria 10,327 301 2,096 317 769 6,862 837 1,099 36,692 260 394 6,256 18,269 25,170 1,199 2,167 27,791 2,407 3,177 1,355 180 151 969 6,010 229 521 308 3,254 505 44,465 235 3,031 28, 470 14,666 491 17,930 1,454 2,030 571 16,601 459 16 96 9 35 399 251 34 1,977 5 33 304 1,943 666 118 99 1,145 122 404 40 10 53' 275 9 22 11 189 18 2,409 11 142 2,736 427 34 559 86 283 20 986 2,895 139 665 98 273 2,201 386 362 10,727 30 101 2,233 6,345 5,133 359 596 6,633 758 1,400 353 30 40 323 1,811 111 175 120 1,047 167 13,230 82 983 9,787 3,797 146 4,445 462 926 162 6,481 1,718 28 285 49 121 958 42 180 8,756 70 93 1,175 2,653 9,413 108 333 4,210 322 383 384 13 7 144 968 30 80 35 451 91 10,272 42 528 3,855 4,962 53 2,292 157 216 176 2,556 2,662 59 547 115 206 1,722 77 289 9,181 107 97 1,561 3,556 6,128 419 586 8,488 571 525 298 71 72 264 1,543 50 118 84 813 123 10,819 67 821 5,816 3,443 172 5,679 329 338 102 4,089 2,593 59 603 46 134 1,582 81 234 5,951 48 70 983 3,772 3,830 195 553 7,315 634 465 280 56 32 175 1,413 29 126 68 764 116 7,725 33 657 6,277 2,037 86 4,955 430 267 111 3,389 35,913 709 8,086 2,181 3,623 28,316 2,617 2,646 87,912 1,017 1,443 8,947 70,663 100, 424 15,150 7,809 160,696 7,921 16,490 2,163 1,781 402 4,557 22,693 467 2,104 1,432 15,094 1,623 119,213 668 6,332 108,512 63,446 6,932 94,844 5,033 9,762 919 56,260 383 39 492 189 205 1,282 31 133 2,269 103 37 121 4,068 1,927 545 44 1,036 424 1,084 95 940 148 293 161 23 71 31 574 43 1,917 9 62 5,042 1,129 138 665 172 494 34 1,890 261 21 200 153 73 833 19 104 1,153 80 18 75 4,169 7,970 97 37 2,737 311 252 46 7 11 336 122 13 51 14 433 42 1,394 13 39 6,827 5,551 25 1,113 147 117 22 1,531 338 16 241 39 234 706 86 66 1,473 44 18 51 4,408 13,456 4,200 46 567 247 821 47 178 43 269 187 6 83 55 302 23 1,623 4 12 7,139 7,708 1,418 346 94 487 6 1,904 1,430 47 212 18 •37 912. 15 102 2,846 37 42 448 2,940 3,978 50 540 1,885 220 139 61 23 21 136 838 26 54 16 538 37 3,966 21 322 5,142 2,566 7 2,941 164 71 24 2,124 639 Canada — French 41 368 Cuba fvnd othftf Wp-^it. indipt;! 143 Denmark '. 53 1,307 Finland 14 France .... . . . 114 3,580 7 Holland 38 240 2,008 Italy 436 71 97 1,135 294 Sweden .... . . . 348 m Turkev in Asia 1 2 150 Austria 400 Canada — French . 27 Canada^Other .- 101 21 978 France 95 5,316 Holland . . . 41 146 3,382 Italy- 301 34 846 259 Sweden , 206 29 2,100 MALES OF VOTING AGE Total number 126, 939 19, 547 37,266 68,676 33, 188 1,269 7,443 1,173 2,209 3,959 1,776 89 38,092 6,566 11,595 19,459 10,392 418 21,690 2,676 6,317 15,142 6,120 519 30,947 4,653 9,255 16,917 8,414 83 25,763 4,479 7,880 13,199 6,486 160 470,386 86,762 127, 167 248,544 109, 100 7,011 17, 471 4,631 4,509 7,084 3,392 1,162 17,115 2,692 5,000 9,231 3,628 374 19,376 1,458 4,390 13,477 4,277 12 16,855 3,363 5,022 8,337 3,831 106 16,539 5,627 5,904 4,814 3,225 173 nj.TTERACT AND SCHOOL ATTENDANCE 341,814 13,783 - 5,714 124,812 80,989 19, 172 640 226 7,279 4,476 103,310 2,954 1,059 39,546 26,208 63,468 3,956 1,903 22,278 13,632 84,513 3,688 1,470 29,120 18,913 71,351 2,645 1,056 26,589 17,760 1,288,347 78,143 28,429 471,767 303,589 43,292 1,069 369 10,917 6,571 40,835 5,130 2,297 14,503 8,905 47,242 4,460 2,084 17,527 10,926 46,412 2,629 940 15,949 9,502 48,461 420 Number illiterate 101 14,415 9,075 DWELLINGS AND FAMILIES Dwellings, number. 28,733 93,897 934 6,427 9,668 27,721 3,414 18,451 6,812 23,674 7,905 18,624 147,666 353,666 4,724 10, 172 3,758 10,460 4,471 12,567 5,019 12,379 6,832 13,912 1 Except Porto Rico. a Native whites having both parents bom in countries other than specified, and also those having both parents of foreign birth but born in diflerent countries. STATISTICS OF POPULATION. 639 Table V.— COMPOSITION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF THE POPULATION FOR WARDS (OR ASSEMBLY DISTRICTS) OF CITIES OF 50,000 OR MORE— Continued. NEW TOBK CITY— Continued. SEX, COLOK, AND NATIVITY Total population, 1910 Male ■.;; Female Native white — Native parentage Native wMte — Foreign or mixed parentage. . Foreign-bom white Negro.' Indian, Chinese, Japanese, and all other FOBEIGN NATIONALITIES FoKEiGN-BoKN White: Bominr— Austria Canada — French Canada — Other Cuba and other West Indies i Denmark England . . Finland . . France Germany. Greece Holland.. Hungary. Ireland . . . Italy Norway . . Koumanla. Russia Scotland... Sweden Switzerland Turkey in Asia Turkey in Europe Other foreign countries. Native White: Both parents born in — Austria Canada— French Canada — Other Denmark England France Germany. Holland . . Hungary.. Ireland . . . Italy Norway.. Eussia Scotland - Sweden Switzerland All others of foreign parentage ^ MALES OF VOTING AGE Total number Native white— Native parentage Native white — Foreign or mixed parentage. Foreign-bom white Naturalized Negro BBOOKLTN BOROUGH — continued. ILLITERACY AND SCHOOL ATTENDANCE Total number 10 years old and over ; . Number illiterate Illiterate males of voting age Total number 6 to 20 years, inclusive. Number attending school DWELLINGS AND FAMILIES Dwellings, number. Families, number . . . Assembly District. 33,671 35,738 9,915 29,774 29,253 449 18 3,565 23 107 20 34 ■1,095 26 95 3,827 65 47 1,176 1,653 2,088 37 1,118 13,788 153 115 85 19 26 91 2,277 12 20 13 399 58 4,770 21 925 2,871 1,288 12 8,836 111 73 35 3,208 18,664 2,078 4,230 12,197 6,334 143 53,679 3,571 21,847 14,424 4,520 14,774 60,896 31,749 29,147 11,432 27,007 22,369 48 40 27 291 16 917 245 88 3,225 12 64 69 3,857 5,134 2,258 35 3,256 458 975 40 12 12 170 312 25 80 188 491 46 3,830 28 56 6,145 3,677 1,395 1,747 55,590 27,844 27,746 10,667 23,651 19,910 1,424 38 301 16 207 62 133 831 73 63 1,444 26 106 6,067 7,445 1,095 41 706 355 1,678 20 2 181 132 10 53 60 430 31 1,834 13 68 7,817 4,515 447 441 208 955 11 17,542 2,099 4,602 10,791 4,546 13 45,958 3,170 1,397 18,607 11,883 5,514 13,025 16, 156 1,962 4,632 9,032 3,850 495 43,304 3,390 1,449 15,910 9,686 4,443 12,338 80,738 44,729 44,999 22,523 38,301 28,665 185 64 612 31 876 164 765 2,451 1,067 146 3,971 44 259 209 4,333 2,677 3,591 117 2,422 953 3,190 157 246 10 365 321 21 298 373 1,192 87 5,124 89 133 7,208 1,961 2,100 1,975 497 2,048 38 4,436 10 53,874 25,061 28,813 67,122 26,059 31,363 17,602 19,043 14,289 2,889 51 19,387 22,055 13,920 2,009 51 25,937 4,921 7,469 13,434 7,361 53 69,666 1,619 561 25,743 17,547 10,130 19,810 236 35 493 219 116 1,268 53 116 1,821 77 44 104 4,628 1,859 ■ 344 19 478 330 1,705 25 12 225 24 85 30 806 74 2,115 26 53 5,578 1,195 67 340 238 859 24 1,692 11 302 32 513 181 72 1,291 30 92 2,045 10 42 99 4,273 2,822 170 30 636 385 650 50 14 167 24 90 16 841 42 2,580 18 41 6,215 2,154 31 515 232 385 24 17, 139 5,221 4,941 6,004 3,402 46,800 987 11,916 7,310 6,165 11,528 16,497 5,071 4,997 5,799 3,291 593 12 59,095 27,358 31,737 19,598 23,337 15,894 210 56 405 34 751 257 318 1,522 82 161 2,919 116 162 3,847 1,423 595 22 1,254 563 963 71 30 5 346 170 16 226 156 873 3,735 43 83 5,401 1,001 230 863 371 564 19 2,357 47,742 1,638 626 14,226 9,417 5,728 12,671 17, 718 4,965 6,046 6,627 4,088 31 IS 63,411 32,329 31,082 12,400 28,902 22,051 37 21 1,347 60 3 26 457 4 67 5,021 5 27 280 1,162 8,040 25 207 4,931 131 67 970 3 14 17 314 66 8,185 16 231 2,459 6,304 18 3,020 126 44 45 1,399 50,503 720 230 14,761 9,631 6,274 13,456 17, 183 2,107 5,297 9,752 3,776 10 47,055 4,325 1,540 20,116 12,482 4,172 13,591 14 65,510 34,280 31,230 9,596 26,976 28,876 42 20 4,337 14 125 661 18 49 2,199 23 21 722 2,730 4,924 62 484 11,866 254 126 62 10 11 2,458 6 55 18 329 2,895 10 640 4,808 3,421 34 6,504 158 86 17 1,776 19,358 1,988 4,126 13,209 3,990 16 15 59, 513 30,479 29,034 13, 155 26,661 19,669 15 23 25 193 S 136 969 85 27 55 1,479 4,380 1,052 346 109 4,366 699 74 3 2 122 876 32 72 68 548 52 5,234 14 994 6,630 806 201 2,479 342 336 22 2,000 17,198 2,583 5,195 9,395 4,062 6 50,117 6,483 2,623 20,132 11,782 3,917 13,135 46,044 2,163 900 18,250 11,123 16 90,237 45,166 45,071 26,108 36,123 26,597 1,314 97 1,252 68 784 193 302 2,226 431 252 4,011 265 219 659 2,835 6,091 617 226 4,263 ^25 852 115 670 59 236 144 1,116 103 5,202 5,207 4,210 376 3,261 346 642 68 3,965 26,250 6,049 7,547 12,129 6,189 459 3,994 12,867 70,875 3,185 1,419 25,916 17,318 13,453 19,014 50,620 22,429 28,191 21,127 16,986 10,337 2,109 61 476 ' 22 436 116 75 1,258 48 100 2,127 20 64 150 2,594 523 133 71 1,038 277 524 77 15 193 272 9 104 18 927 64 2,822 10 101 3,338 354 51 807 236 291 30 1,727 14,936 5,890 4,343 4,152 2,672 503 44,337 502 140 11,865 7,784 6,435 11,617 ' Natiire whites having both parents born in countries other than specified, and also those having both parents of foreign birth but born in different countries. 640 SUPPLEMENT FOR NEW YORK. Table V.— COMPOSITION AND OHABACp^BRISTICS OF THE POPULATION FOR WARDS (OR ASSEMBLY DISTRICTS) OF CITIES OF 50,000 OR MORE— Continued. NEW YORK C I T Y— Continued. SEX, COLOR, AND NATIVITY Total population, 1910 Male Female Native white— Native parentage Native white — Foreign or mixed parentage Foreign-born white Negro Indian, Chinese, Japanese, and all other FOBEIGN NATIONALITIES FoBEiGN-BoRN White: Barn in— Austria Canada— French Canada— Other Cuba and other West Indies * Denmark England Finland France Germany Greece Holland Hungary Ireland Italy Norway Koumania Russia Scotlaivl Sweden ; Switzerland Turkey in Asia Turkey in Europe Other foreign countries Native White: Both parents born in— Austria Canada— French Canida— Other Denmark England France Germany Holland Hungary Ireland Italy Norway Russia Scotland Sweden Switzerland All others of foreign parentage ' MALES OF VOTING AGE Total'namber Native white— Native parentage Native white— Foreign or mixed parentage Foreign-born white Naturalized Negro ILLITERACY AND SCHOOL ATTENDANCE Total number 10 years old and over Numberilliterate Illiterate males of voting age Total number 6 to 20 years, inclusive Number attending school DWELLINGS AND FAMILIES Dwellings, number Families, number BROOKLYN BOROUGH— Continued. Assembly District. 18 86,014 40,271 45,743 33,616 30,752 20,287 1,281 78 218 211 2,248 193 176 4,131 12 123 196 4,986 2,290 656 33 1,064 603 1,360 107 25 25 299 213 35 223 71 1,392 123 5,368 52 68 5,993 2,165 147 706 346 698 66 2,772 25,283 8,470 7,897 8,541 5,323 322 71,955 2,115 21,594 14,563 11,518 19,070 19 70,728 35,368 35,360 9,500 31,473 29,720 20 15 2,144 10 77 16 70 682 8 79 9,481 39 31 362 493 6,%4 31 312 8,322 76 298 201 3 1 121 1,300 5 14 10 149 76 13,605 30 260 666 3,262 4,366 40 56 104 1,682 19,062 1,470 5,214 12,357 5,013 6 53,821 5,237 1,817 22,662 13,980 3,676 16,920 20 63,243 26,546 27,697 15,003 24,264 13,943 19 14 608 24 130 17 54 720 4 116 8,804 6 32 184 1,086 879 28 79 684 137 110 185 1 56 314 17 34 20 410 11,829 38 145 1,615 516 16 545 104 88 104 1,677 15,949 3,106 6,325 6,502 4,407 4 44,606 752 257 14,584 9,017 1,607 13, 490 21 78,141 40,047 38,394 5,336 29,212 43, 598 267 29 4,654 5 46 2 748 13 69 3,299 35 31 841 403 7,114 7 1,618 24,489 47 27 50 31 8 53 2,719 6 8 2 156 39 4, .365 10 590 720 2,677 6 12,936 33 14 21 2,567 20,741 1,084 2,700 16,843 4,778 90 68,215 8,015 26,306 16,838 3,399 16,366 137,022 68,412 68,610 32,744 59, 103 43,766 1,337 72 3,824 76 336 64 146 2,012 27 254 11,112 23 54 498 2,297 4,437 91 907 16,297 410 354 284 34 16 215 2,991 47 86 68 1,194 218 16,736 32 339 4,342 2,786 87 10,761 339 296 143 4,774 37, 183 6,365 11,317 19,096 9,676 361 104,772 4,160 1,128 42,645 28,284 13,977 30,209 166,662 79,376 77,286 17,041 60,094 75,487 3,973 67 6,016 38 254 75 78 2,029 45 141 3,465 10 45 716 2,436 6,895 101 1,617 50,377 270 454 84 50 14 278 4,635 22 46 33 702 83 4,768 21 658 3,967 3,999 84 28,862 187 369 30 4,665 39,931 3,563 5,454 29, 742 8,989 1,147 112,666 12, 403 3,816 51,376 35,542 10,940 31,306 QtlEENS BOROUGH. The Borough. 281,011 144,205 139,836 80,607 120,969 79,115 3,198 152 5,511 186 1,048 94 634 4,679 222 1,140 30,252 71 182 1,716 8,671 11,164 529 148 8,395 1,688 1,446 97 35 521 3,962 122 353 309 2,699 657 42,597 106 692 13,741 7,741 242 4,089 1,076 950 411 8,406 82,373 16,724 26,206 38,360 21,019 ^22,177 8,374 3,835 86,030 57,618 39,764 62,001 Assembly District. 68,126 29,897 28,229 12,529 26,666 18,576 321 44 1,773 40 238 10 108 1,121 51 129 5,369 24 32 438 2,813 4,430 93 17 804 495 361 106 8 2 115 1,724 68 614 65 7,234 22 184 4,496 2,986 43 469 346 267 36 17,167 2,436 5,48(5 9,100 4,935 109 45,479 1,913 870 17,708 11,869 6,807 12, 620 30,231 28,392 15,268 24,882 17,299 1,140 44 63 224 20 107 997 54 202 4,742 16 30 550 2,374 3,022 112 34 2,334 296 384 279 66 17 113 1,015 63 95 63 556 125 6,614 21 170 3,761 2,268 62 897 202 261 118 1,916 17,190 3,247 5,3iS7 8,481 4,308 342 46,697 2,663 1,188 17,410 11,716 9,083 12,504 93,121 47,719 46,402 22,661 43,593 26,632 320 25 26 176 17 179 925 40 368 16,648 17 66 » 54 496 233 1,477 2,007 1,569 2,133 144 180 52 45 3,038 2,219 280 517 291 410 344 31 10 113 726 19 65 72 504 220 21,987 39 236 2,490 1,078 1,519 184 154 173 2,383 26,110 3,928 9,328 13,050 7,718 113 71,861 2,096 1,003 29,291 18,964 10,847 20,746 71,171 36,368 37,813 25,838 16,708 1,417 1,129 67 410 47 240 1,536 77 441 168 2 6 180 497 22 113 106 1,025 247 6,762 20 103 2,994 1,409 85 1,204 344 288 84 2,287 21,276 7,113 6,011 7,719 4,068 395 59,140 1,802 774 21,621 16,069 13,027 16, 131 RICH- MONP BOB- OUGH.I 85,969 44,707 41,262 28,243 32,235 24,278 1,152 61 1,085 39 677 57 209 1,904 129 322 5,368 53 63 799 4,017 4,260 1,376 38 2,213 564 241 17 17 308 486 22 179 118 979 122 6,069 30 273 6,259 3,005 594 1,040 363 285 63 2,715 26,500 7,225 6,905 11,977 5,937 337 68,291 2,690 1,301 25,089 17,611 14,125 17,718 1 Richmond Borough comprises but one assembly district. 2 Except Porto Elco. * Native whites having both parents born in countries other than specified, and also those having both parents of foreign birth but born in different countries STATISTICS OF POPULATION. 641 Table V,— COMPOSITION AND CHARACTERISTICS OP THE POPULATION FOR WARDS (OR ASSEMBLY DISTRICTS) OP CITIES OP 50,000 OR MORE— Continued. aOCHESTEB. SUBJECT. WAKD. 1 2 8 4 6 6 7 8 9 10 SEX, COLOR, AND NATIVITY Total popnlatiou, 1910 218,149 108,362 109,797 74,525 83,687 68,993 879 65 1,688 569 9,112 4,939 326 14,624 1,220 415 6,230 10,638 7,148 949 384 498 273 980 2,760 1,843 917 036 858 936 26 4 17 15 156 86 8 83 5 2 130 177 36 26 9 4 79 103 4,583 2,823 1,760 900 1,432 2,228 17 6 2^ 279 87 1 76 3 2 310 1,338 30 31 '■ 19 7,626 3,692 3,934 3,686 2,141 1,683 304 12 2 16 467 273 20 135 20 4 368 137 10 62 34 7 5 43 6,821 2,966 2,855 2,710 1,727 1,293 82 9 11 19 427 225 13 124 14 7 182 97 17 45 12 7 30 63 10,188 8,268 4,920 2,423 4,324 3,426 12 3 173 18 412 154 18 1,096 32 87 162 797 277 43 11 30 21 95 8,300 3,743 4,657 3,728 2,707 1,821 30 14 12 35 670 315 34 266 36 337 20 24 66 36 21 6 52 8,240 4,317 3,923 1,277 3,081 3,842 37 3 469 31 164 134 13 300 21 36 93 305 2,166 9 8 28 15 51 15,291 7,866 7,425 2,043 6,676 6,572 7,261 3,810 3,461 1,894 2,537 2,829 1 12,064 5,626 MsSe Female 6,438 5,438 Native white— Native parentage Native white— Foreign or mixed parentage 4,393 Foreign-horn wMte Negro : 2,228 4 Indian, Clilnese, and Japanese 1 FOBEIGN-BOBN White: Bom in— Austria 443 17 176 185 13 1,491 66 84 46 129 3,785 26 8 43 25 35 7 30 440 169 6 98 5 4 303 1,635 11 37 12 7 38 72 16 Canada— French 34 Canada— Other 774 England 428 France 8 (Jermany 463 Holland 45 Hungary 5 Ireland ; 274 Italy 44 9 Scotland 55 Sweden 19 15 Turkey 1 39 MALES OF VOTING AGE Total numher 69,564 20,467 21,683 27,067 13,003 305 1,648 514 451 668 197 11 2,020 357 423 1,225 382 10 2,767 1,245 676 722 304 110 2,396 1,067 670 617 260 33 3,510 640 1,175 1,687 768 6 2,803 1,207 861 716 349 10 2,688 394 518 1,661 654 13 4, SIS 367 1,224 2,927 1,169 2,565 546 600 1,408 400 1 3,617 1,435 1,243 Foreign-bom white .". T "... 937 NntnTaliV-fiH . . 584 Negro 1 182,280 6,916 3,158 54,998 33,752 2,585 162 94 424 200 256 459 3,855 625 287 948 488 6,848 69 39 1,341 796 5,404 66 34 908 496 8,610 455 228 2,581 1,543 7,572 16 6 1,469 942 6,604 409 166 2,383 1,293 12,080 917 344 4,715 2,859 6,105 635 345 1,658 975 10,171 37 Number illiterate Tllit^rat^ TTiftlp,^! nf ynting ftgp 12 3,011 2,086 NnTTihpr fl.ttftnHin£ sfrhnnl 38,860 46,787 509 904 1,286 1,763 904 1,269 1,713 2,076 1,513 1,928 1,100 1,630 2,374 3.010 1,167 1 4BS 2,549 2,741 -,-| WARD. 11 12 18 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Total noDulatloxi. 1910 12,346 6,229 6,117 4,720 4,449 3,073 104 15,566 6,588 8,978 8,377 4,540 2,583 62 4 14 24 817 398 19 418 99 19 396 34 63 115 47 28 21 71 5,516 2,583 2,933 2,110 2,299 1,083 19 5 6' 28 287 159 12 328 23 6 122 26 5 30 4 19 14,444 7,001 7,443 5,809 5,309 3,264 60 2 28 35 642 355 16 1,290 63 30 482 80 48 75 26 46 3 75 8,339 4,131 4,208 2,771 3,619 1,942 7 10,691 6,476 5,216 2,213 3,976 4,479 24 15,701 7,905 7,796 2,908 8,124 4,665 3 1 230 15 188 117 37 3,293 283 32 67 19 276 18 6 46 1 37 17,781 8,988 8,793 6,478 7,249 4,031 22 1 19 34 582 346 25 1,318 273 16 231 914 30 66 66 51 14 46 17,546 8,474 9,072 8,169 6,272 3,070 35 10,319 5,148 5,171 3,915 4,386 1,996 22 1,582 778 « 804 730 527 324 1 6,184 3,098 3,086 1,390 3,062 1,725 7 24 28 612 265 8 298 26 4 416 1,245 8 48 12 19 3 57 47 27 473 184 17 504 16 8 269 305 23 37 12 12 16 79 254 134 13 365 24 « 170 3,211 111 27 14 33 6 38 941 643 12 417 36 7 647 85 10 98 24 35 2 69 56 11 281 148 22 1,036 19 55 195 60 40 35 11 13 1 23 i' 66 71 1 61 69 1 18 i 15 10 6 89 7 104 63 10 1,164 62 1 A 22 * 10 168 5 1 17 28 8 23 4 12 MALES OF VOTING AGE 3,952 1,226 1,196 1,506 617 24 4,818 2,456 1,422 917 495 19 1,726 576 664 476 280 9 4,773 1,632 1,668 1,454 761 18 2,475 614 961 909 498 1 3,344 577 810 1,948 555 9 4,278 510 1,553 2,215 1,464 5,465 1,627 1,937 1,892 1,120 9 5,266 2,105 1,788 1,359 907 13 3,008 909 1,134 961 650 4 487 209 142 136 86 1,661 577 826 4 TTiTiTTERACT AND SCHOOL ATTENDANCE 10,292 419 228 3,134 1,929 14,055 39 10 2,827 1,921 4,677 39 9 1,262 779 12,365 249 103 3,122 1,977 6,813 204 96 2,435 1,614 8,664 1,629 742 2,724 1,648 12,486 228 102 6,176 3,059 14,377 561 243 4,837 2,997 14,476 75 21 4,682 3,061 8,274 47 15 2,973 1,724 1,299 14 2 407 259 121 43 2,081 1,206 DWELLINGS AND FAMILIES 2,200 2,724 3,027 3.620 1,144 1,369 2,536 2-7.Sfi 1,593 l.au 1,526 2, lis 2,820 3,155 3,443 3,739 2,029 342 363 1,091 1,194 642 SUPPLEMENT FOR NEW YORK. Table V.— COMPOSITION AND CHARACTERtSTICS OF THE POPULATION FOR WARDS (OR ASSEMBLY DISTRICTS) OF CITIES OF 50,000 OR MORE— Continued. SCHENECTADY; SUBJECT. The City. WARD. 1 2 S 4 5 6 ! 8 9 10 11 12 13 SEX, COLOR, AND NATrTITY Total populatlou. 1910 72,826 38,821 34,005 31,638 22,324 18,631 274 69 1,279 444 696 162 1,346 3,428 102 866 1,355 3,660 3,868 593 274 139 430 1,718 2,692 2,126 2,434 1,301 960 24 9 36 48 66 16 75 250 6,614 3,399 3,115 2,494 2,166 1,839 14 1 168 21 73 3 169 303 6,161 3,818 2,343 1,404 1,879 2,863 13 2 86 3 18 34' 128 6 ■""167' 1,368 1,002 25 6 9 12 1,444 2,463 1,981 2,482 1,142 763 32 25 27 17 44 7 78 136 37 20 97 42 173 26 17 6 37 1,872 2,917 1,955 1,229 1,412 2,175 42 14 74 62 33 1 60 117 37 79 69 713 857 22 8 2 51 6,487 3,319 3,168 3,263 1,948 1,216 61 31 11 40 8 166 668 2 8 123 10 121 47 48 5 38 6,093 2,646 2,447 2,485 1,737 856 8 7 26 28 51 11. 55 339 6 22 94 33 114 24 18 11 24 6,071 3,060 3,014 2,946 1,947 1,165 26 8,816 4,658 4,158 1,963 3,386 3,442 25 6,066 2,666 2,399 2,784 1,297 968 5 1 49 24 66 12 119 219 2 54 90 212 38 41 6 14 33 2,793 1,296 1,498 1,644 711 429 9 6,191 3,033 3,161 4,020 1,502 671 1 6,605 2,965 2,640 2,390 1,896 1,306 14 Male Native white — Foreign or mixed parentage . . Foreign-bom whit© . . nbinp.'W arifl .Tapanf«fi.. , . FOBEIGN-BOEN WHITE: BOTTtin^ Austria. 39 84 60 32 141 398 681 81 59 14 128 457 23 1 69 4 106 84 8 20 87 21 145 128 31 44 Canada — Other 49 Denmarlc 33 92 Germany 302 12 Hungary 24 139 31 155 43 19 6 42 11 204 369 323 124 36 1 35 33 95 31 123 52 33 3 31 639 47 410 855 67 20 •53 41 2 46 4 18 38 23 5 18 15 74 17 6 73 31 10 36 49 111 Italy 420 Russia 83 21 12 14 32 MALES OF VOTING AGE 26,073 10,490 4,877 9,562 3,856 85 1,930 1,025 409 478 241 9 2,074 743 410 914 416 6 2,576 567. 283 1,726 321 7 1,912 1,088 386 403 182 10 2,004 506 288 1,181 302 16 2,145 1,106 426 697 328 17 1,763 797 527 431 270 1 1,863 864 447 545 336 7 2,565 520 371 1,664 553 10 1,546 812 274 458 234 863 481 188 183 114 1 2,011 1,269 427 328 220 1,839 733 Na.t.ive vfhMfi. — ■Mativft pflrpntp^p. Native white— Foreign or mixed parentage. . Foreign-bom white 442 664 Naturalized 340 1 ILLITERACY AND SCHOOL ATTENDANCE 68,399 3,148 1,684 17,826 11,348 4,146 126 48 955 544 6,036 364 183 1,732 1,156 4,794 1,434 966 1,329 740 3,981 69 29 825 493 3,953 81 30 1,158 687 5,360 125 44 1,604 1,076 4,263 36 13 1,196 750 4,815 89 31 1,659 1,130 6,283 696 266 2,644 1,631 3,904 27 3 1,402 916 2,326 14 603 421 6,068 21 4 1,363 843 4,480 178 Number ihiterate Hiiterate males of voting age 77 1,466 961 Number attending school DWELLINGS AND FAUILIES Dwellings, number 10,639 15,868 698 986 1,012 1,432 664 1,104 669 906 504 906 903 1,461 768 1,211 900 1,418 1,148 1,777 874 1,164 568 668 1,178 763 1,241 SYRACUSE. The City. WAED. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 SEX, COLOR, AND NATIVITY Total popnlatite, 1910 137,249 68,806 68,443 68,408 46,912 30,781 1,124 24 1,265 499 2,717 2,469 181 6,903 106 212 4,877 4,766 6,260 381 126 271 319 439 6,082 3,068 3,014 2,914 2,161 1,003 7,016 3,568 3,457 1,814 3,258 1,940 3 8,401 4,180 4,221 2,043 4,091 2,258 9 6,072 2,879 3,193 1,898 2,852 1,321 9,134 4,786 4,348 3,079 3,473 2,554 23 5 130 130 148 202 5 253 1 24 460 667 663 35 3 27 5 21 6,962 2,897 3,066 2,376 2,024 1,559 3 6,169 3,637 2,532 681 2,239 3,242 7 6,367 2,878 2,489 2,109 1,841 1,408 8 1 123 16 124 92 6 113 3 10 402 252 216 23 13 4 1,925 Maie.r 2,665 2,270 1,491 1,943 1,480 10 Female TsTfl.tivft whitp. — Fnrp.i^ or mivpjl parpTitAgp Foreign-bom white IndiHTi, r,hinp.tjft, and .Ta,pn,np.t:fi 1 FoEEiGN-BOEN White: Bom in— • 67 20 75 79 15 307 12 12 33 12 20 1,103 32 9 45 51 11 1,575 15 13 67 63 4 978 41 36 142 87 7 286 42 33 141 666 14 18 7 6 22 12 216 8 38 45 70 6 59 England... 142 12 Germany 399 241 Greece 2 59 667 4 1 40 439 10 6 4 29 75 208 1,221 982 17 11 12 2 Ireland 249 75 84 10 96 9 353 Italy 318 221 8 8 38 8 14 12 Sweden 2 4 11 17 9 7 Turkey 18 other fnrp.i^ p^uritripj? 7 6 11 13 17 MALES OF VOTING AGE 44,713 17,377 11,940 14,944 7,036 437 1,864 813 596 463 251 2 2,058 386 698 972 573 2 2,437 367 957 1,111 730 2 1,741 417 719 604 440 1 2,884 787 784 1,306 446 4 2,095 770 653 771 238 1 2,284 171 287 1,822 442 4 2,018 772 553 719 250 3 1,598 373 Native white — Foreign or mixed parentage 443 Foreign-bom white ' 777 323 Negro 4 ILLITERACY AND SCHOOL ATTENDANCE 114,693 5,629 2,821 34,171 21,131 4,948 209 97 1,668 1,026 6,632 340 173 2,098 1,198 6,693 348 156 2,400 1,426 4,993 346 127 1,686 1,056 7,262 704 419 2,491 1,212 6,258 394 219 1,145 676 4,774 1,110 689 1,684 872 4,656 334 203 1,179 668 3,950 268 Number ilhterale 137 1,389 902 Number attending school . . DWELLINGS AND FAMILIES Dwellings, number . 23,200 31,651 1,148 1,398 1,129 1,505 1,403 1,904 1,158 1,440 1,562 1,960 826 1,461 695 1,053 778 1,123 813 Families, number 1,007 STATISTICS OF POPULATION. 643 Table V.— COMPOSITION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF THE POPULATION FOR WARDS (OR ASSEMBLY DISTRICTS) OF CITIES OF 50,000 OR MORE— Continued. S TB, A C U S E— Continued. SUBJECT. WARD. 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 SEX, COLOB, AND NATIVITY Total population, 1810 9,099 4,742 4,357 3,657 3,653 1,872 16 2 23 36 206 276 11 392 6,624 3,521 3,103 2,292 2,516 1,807 10 8,137 3,764 4,383 4,999 2,210 924 3 1 4 15 248 133 7 165 9,696 4,646 5,050 6,681 2,744 1,267 14 6,649 3,267 3,392 4,010 1,651 880 104 4 31 57 188 115 24 87 16 1 179 39 76 20 4 7 9 27 S,916 3,040 2,905 2,222 1,712 1,702 306 4 37 21 120 96 8 122 36 39 142 55 936 16 9 6 22 38 7,354 3,617 3, 737 3,282 2,203 1,653 '315 1 41 13 123 146 12 107 3 9 148 31 764 25 8 7 1 115 6,829 3,193 3,636 4,191 1,502 929 207 8,052 3,934 4,118 3,374 2,470 2,131 73 4 25 31 156 203 14 178 2 8 168 139 1,142 37 4 S 9,737 4,664 6,173 6,295 Male Female Native white— Native parentage Native white — Foreign or mixed palentage 2,470 961 Foreign-born white Negro 10 Indian, Chinese, and Japanese 1 FoKEiGN-BoEN White: JSorain— Austria 352 11 219 68 5 HI 4 2 34 289 281 8 251 51 11 166 170 3 116 4 Canada— French 21 Canada— Other 272 England 208 France 10 Germany 129 Greece Hungary 2 734 49 14 14 14 60 17 25 2 285 2 4 28 8 9 9 15 4 139 57 30 26 4 5 133 16 Ireland 666 102 180 31 1 9 29 19 271 7 2 36 15 17 10 34 147 ItEdy 72 19 Scotland 20 11 10 Turkey 25 19 13 MALES OF VOTING AGE Total number 2,631 846 889 894 576 3 2,382 751 657 969 401 5 2,789 1,651 749 387 229 1 3,005 1,669 763 579 324 4 2,596 1,681 675 407 188 30 2,187 867 454 713 327 149 2,389 1,028 629 689 390 142 2,214 1,287 411 460 181 66 2,601 1,038 558 882 453 22 3,010 1,804 775 429 Naturalized 274 2 ILLITERACY AND SCHOOL ATTENDANCE 7,336 295 91 2,854 1,884 6,536 286 143 1,567 848 7,217 37 11 1,485 1,013 8,142 65 17 2,418 1,642 6,031 69 11 1,263 706 5,165 202 64 1,270 767 6,410 164 45 1,816 1,182 6,882 138 93 1,446 1,068 6,637 265 104 2,087 1,329 8,171 Nnmhfir illitRrf^tn , , 7fi Ulitflrat** TnaTes of voting age 32 2,226 1,676 Number attending school DWELLINGS AND FAMILIES 1,500 1,866 982 1,479 1,447 2,116 1,957 2,462 1,004 1,764 826 1,334 1,144 1,603 1,372 1,672 1,300 1,886 2,156 2,650 Families, number .* TBOT. The City. WARD. 1 2 8 • 4 5 6 7 S SEX, COLOR, AND NATIVITY Total nonnlatton. lAif^ 76, 8U 35,387 41,426 32,224 28,491 15,432 661 15 897 613 569 547 1,478 1,818 6,410 1,462 1,059 418 71 87 697 85 321 3,928 1,794 2,134 974 1,662 1,262 126 4 22 35 17 2 36 97 258 268 412 9 4 6 74 2 22 4,302 1,971 2,331 1,670 1,427 981 223 1 23 16 34 6 67 186 252 94 214 17 7 27 22 2,044 817 1,227 964 614 404 61 1 6 18 32 1 46 44 139 15 22 18 4,624 1,827 2,797 2,210 1,665 793 54 2 8 24 71 6 81 91 200 61 24 31 5 3 145 4 40 4,327 2,008 2,319 2,565 . 1,249 507 16 6,010 2,689 2,421 1,270 2,310 1,422 8 5,476 2,444 3,032 2,338 1,823 1,254 61 3,894 M^e*. .' 1,948 1,946 1,369 1,314 1,203 8 Native white — Foreien or mixed ■Darentaee FOBEIGN-BORN White: Born i'ti— 7 38 38 10 99 126 111 290 23 24 6 340 70 470 23 29 69 1 3 7 44 24 11 63 30 7 90 81 513 198 27 22 4 4 171 7 7 14 16 81 293 Italy 580 12 32 6 6 2 2 19 143 4 6 43 2 18 42 other foreign countries 17 43 9 MAT.KS OF VOTING AGE 22,483 8,007 7,682 6,654 4,388 226 1,154 265 317 514 303 64 1,362 618 383 382 274 78 666 298 207 132 89 28 1,296 612 387 282 161 14 1,207 647 362 198 168 1,545 231 689 725 496 1,672 618 498 635 260 21 1,248 331 600 281 Negro 4 TT.T.TTERACY AND SCHOOL ATTENDANCE 65,074 1,279 475 19,657 12,921 3,310 70 18 1,023 688 3,730 21 8 926 600 1,941 24 6 304 168 4,170 22 7 1,262 890 3,639 23 5 1,149 848 3,949 198 93 1,403 904 4,807 145 63 1,140 750 3,245 956 Number attending school 627 DWELLINGS AND FAMILIES 10,745 18,109 460 905 555 1,071 272 494 603 1,026 704 982 643 981 770 1,346 860 644 SUPPLEMENT FOR NEW YORK. Table V.— COMPOSITION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF THE POPULATION FOR WARDS (OR ASSEMBLY DISTRICTS) OF CITIES OF 50,000 OR MORE— Continued. T tt O T— Continued . SUBJECT. WARD. 9 10 11 12 IS 14 15 16 i; SEX, COLOR, AHD NATIVITY Total noDUlatlon. 1910 4,528 2,251 2,277 1,326 2,196 1,006 6,252 2,763 3,489 3,033 2,265 950 4 3,469 1,612 1,857 1,062 1,639 778 4,518 2,241 2,277 959 2,306 1,254 5,610 2,495 3,115 2,650 2,126 830 1 3 4 57 41 11 183 166 308 12 6 26 9 1 5,213 2,409 2,804 2,492 1,943 777 1 3,920 1,573 1,947 2,208 890 419 3 6,198 2,873 3,325 2,919 2,079 1,141 56 3 3 59 36 405 70 246 190 16 25 31 9 5 7 4 36 3,900 Male 1,772 2,128 Native wMte — Native Darentace 2,235 1,184 451 29 1 FOREIQN-BORN WHITE: Bom in— 214 91 29 5 47 S4 455 28 11 13 2 3 8 2 14 24 49 33 3 72 117 486 83 17 29 6 7 12 3 10 20 12 66 230 51 30 4 49 23 777 7 43 16 1 2 17 26 30 3 96 166 273 4 16 42 3 21 57 6 18 9 32 17 48 82 76 95 4 1 44 4 2 22 28 33 29 125 386 67 49 4 77 50 205 Italy 3 8 11 6 7 4 11 8 13 1 15 1 6 6 MALES 6F voting AGE 1,176 183 592 401 272 1,768 734 636 398 277 988 187 483 318 244 1,317 141 575 601 381 1,596 650 592 351 300 1,478 606 565 307 231 1,053 608 288 155 119 2 1,815 772 537 487 387 16 1,142 606 Native white — Foreign or mixed parentage 358 168 145 9 ILLITERACY AND SCHOOL ATTENDANCE 3,699 214 72 1,413 936 5,341 97 37 1,620 1,022 2,865 120 47 897 558 3,6S7 5 2 1,380 867 4,823 59 11 1,425 923 4,343 66 18 1,332 888 3,062 16 2 806 661 5,232 46 19 1,569 1,034 3,361 37 Tllitpratxfl males of votinff aee 7 953 657 DWELLINGS AND FAMILIES 500 929 834 1,542 424 812 560 943 766 1,378 814 1,3U 661 934 1,105 1,576 713 1,016 UTICA. The City. SEX, COLOR, AND NATIVITY Total popnlatton, 1910 Male Female Native white— Native parentage Native white— Foreign or mixed parentage Foreign-bom white , NeCTO Indian FOREIGN-BOEN WHITE: BoTU in— Austria Canada — French Canada— Other England France Germany Hungary Ireland Italy Eussia Scotland Switzerland Turkey Wales Other foreign countries MALES OF VOTING AGE Total number Native white — Native parentage Native white — Foreign or mixed parentage Foreign-horn wliite Naturalized Negro ILLITERACY AND SCHOOL ATTENDANCE Total number 10 years old and over Number illiterate Illiterate males of voting age Total number 6 to 20 years, inclusive Number attending school DWELLINGS AND FAMILIES- Dwellings, number Families, number 74,419 36,367 38,052 25,869 26,882 21,308 367 2,050 165 844 1,386 103 3,073 116 2,021 6,688 2,586 224 263 365 1,188 246 22,679 6,902 6,300 9,341 4,326 135 61,293 5,044 2,146 19,244 11,190 10,333 16,053 1,391 751 640 319 496 486 90 6,674 3,498 3,176 837 2,310 3,444 83 3,225 1,532 1,693 1,642 933 645 5 3,207 1,378 1,829 1,720 903 487 92 61 290 23 3 2 1 48 38 260 1,618 6 2 10 16 27 67 8 57 83 8 92 7 73 1 124 17 4 10 79 77 6 50 ■2 114 8 30 13 6 2 67 15 3,312 1,845 1,467 137 1,118 2,010 46 1 3 2 4 15 2 16 6 27 1,706 12 3 1 199 2 12 487 102 133 221 110 31 1,168 160 62 213 1,938 239 229 1,439 409 31 5,106 1,256 562 2,216 1,233 1,129 594 266 267 141 2 2,848 49 17 400 1,062 547 295 193 124 27 2,878 27 675 487 1,067 42 75 921 266 29 2,470 885 546 2,645 1,279 1,366 974 1,107 564 38 9 23 41 9 295 1 41 30 37 10 802 255 297 250 193 2,245 22 680 377 3,030 3,950 3,486 2,392 1,097 95 206 10 157 7 229 4 6 27 11 311 20 1,990 906 639 444 321 1 6,037 35 1,604 912 167 274 677 1,242 508 756 504 679 250 631 418 603 1,246 1,791 , STATISTICS OF POPULATION. 645 Table V.— COMPOSITION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF THE POPULATION FORWARDS (OR ASSEMBLY DISTRICTS) OF CITIES OF 50,000 OR MORE— Continued. UTICA —Continued SUBJECT. WAKD. 8 9 10 11 12 IS 14 15 SEX, COLOR, AND NATrTITY Total population, 1910 14,471 7,645 6,826 3,478 4,998 6,986 ■ 8 2 367 37 159 192 11 224 9 460 3,947 327 26 57 113 39 17 6,237 3,010 3,227 1,965 2,793 1,479 3,246 1,627 1,618 1,224 1,277 738 6 6,471 2,496 2,975 2,387 1,935 1,140 9 4,675 2,175 2,500 2,032 1,867 776 4,253 2,039 2,214 2,007 1,540 706 4,843 2,311 2,532 1,789 1,969 1,084 11 3,790 Male 1,751 2,039 1,872 Female Native white— Native parentage. Native white — Foreign or mixed parentage 1,249 Foreign-bom white 667 Negro 2 Indian FOREIGN-BOEN WHITE: Bom in— Austria 239 19 69 88 23 612 11 150 22 108 37 28 5 16 38 40 4 61 1 111 363 13 10 2 29 37 8 173 6 54 121 6 247 13 140 11 232 15 6 4 10 50 114 4 276 12 2 39 92 7 258 1 153 17 3 20 53 6 21 22 18 16 94 124 6 417 7 194 27 46 18 26 Canada— French 10 Canada— Other 32 England 134 France 4 Germany 104 3 Ireland 128 2 7 3 33 6 131 9 102 Italy Russia 16 14 60 13 91 25 71 21 237 11 MALES OF VOTING AGE Total number 4,530 859 948 2,717 835 5 1,846 428 786 632 434 949 330 297 322 170 1,633 576 497 458 257 2 1,360 600 601 359 294 1,260 506 426 328 245 1,618 636 571 505 319 6 1,108 Native white— Native parentage 482 340 Foreign-bom white 286 Naturalized 202 Negro 1 ILLITERACY AND SCHOOL ATTENDANCE . 11,319 1,914 851 3,910 1,916 5,182 151 63 1,686 903 2,783 108 37 901 607 4,525 142 44 1,426 917 3,918 11 4 1,226 787 3,479 72 30 1,148 728 4,131 204 77 933 660 3,204 18 9 Total number 6 to 20 years, inclusive 913 604 DWELLINGS AND FAMILIES 1,534 2,849 999 1,617 605 710 899 1,264 799 1,161 644 896 482 718 701 962 TONKERS. The City. WARD. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 • 8 9 10 SEX, COLOR, AND NATIVITY Total Tio'Diilatloii. 1910 79, 803 40,103 39,700 21,640 29,960 26,590 1,549 64 3,927 535 1,903 161 2,337 2,664 5,255 4,116 197 2,982 1,251 373 100 113 676 8,268 4,306 3,962 1,964 3,142 3,083 76 4 990 44 162 23 230 310 416 78 21 544 66 21 21 7 161 6,596 3,324 3,272 1,940 2,355 1,916 353 32 160 62 198 6 228 26 652 87 24 142 161 33 6 61 81 6,730 2,900 3,830 3,354 1,708 1,427 239 2 57 83 205 20 133 22 558 43 21 61 100 75 6 4 39 11,037 6,464 6,573 3,125 8,969 3,653 284 6 796 48 204 15 338 384 633 280 28 686 92 38 7 12,272 6,078 6,194 2,827 5,107 4,296 40 2 693 32 371 13 334 1,166 550 57 5 564 388 35 8 8 72 12,568 6,290 6,278 1,900 6,974 4,624 66 4 912 56 189 5 200 606 1,640 202 6 603 104 14 20 9 59 9,939 5,392 4,547 1,933 3,642 4,140 320 4 61 42 232 17 218 66 301 2,690 28 179 210 43 6 21 29 3,661 1,636 2,025 2,279 608 710 58 6 64 59 114 10 140 23 142 17 15 49 25 17 7 2 26 5,138 2,878 2,260 1,068 2,162 1,817 87 4 66 71 126 29 351 36 227 .561 29 87 65 76 15 1 78 3 591 Male 1,835 1,759 1,260 1 393 NafivA white Native Darentaee . . '924 27 Foreign-Born WniTii:: Born in— 128 48 103 24 165 26 137 101 23 68 40 21 4 105 36 MALES OF VOTING AGE 23,533 5,464 5,215 12,295 6,629 501 2,628 665 566 1,483 492 20 2,167 520 579 918 646 120 1,8'8 928 442 436 273 70 3,202 771 645 1,706 774 74 3,307 669 733 1,885 901 18 3,248 303 893 2,034 1,008 14 3,235 482 619 2,126 691 105 1,021 604 160 247 186 8 1,816 286 460 1,001 470 65 1,031 288 Negro ^ 7 ILLITERACY AND SCHOOL ATTENDANCE 63,010 5,311 2,491 22,986 15,310 6,643 1,100 519 2,278 1,626 5,501 128 30 1,786 1,107 5,833 55 21 1,646 1,168 8,770 824 365 3,164 2,268 9,261 450 143 3,739 2,467 9,399 700 248 4,184 2,718 7,649 1,630 862 2,775 1,767 3,056 36 5 964 671 4,135 400 274 1,451 950 2,763 88 24 1,019 DWELLINGS AND FAMILIES 7,857 16,219 676 1,630 639 1,383 974 1,392 920 2,249 913 2,642 1,096 2,387 668 2,014 545 793 814 993 612 75140°— 13- -42 646 SUPPLEMENT FOR NEW YORK. NOTES REGARDING CHANGES IN BOTTNIIARIES, ETC. COUNTIES. Nassau.— Organized from part of Queens in 1899. New Yokk. — Parts of Westchester annexed in 1873 and 1895. Queens.— Part taken to form Nassau in 1899. ■Westchbstee.— Parts annexed to New York in 1873 and 1895. Note. — In computing this increase the population of Indian reservations in 1900 has been deducted from the total population of the county in order to make that total comparable with the total for 1890, which does not include the population of Indian reservations. The population thus deducted in the several counties was as follows: Cattaraugus, 1^82; Ctautauqua, 31; Erie, 1,305; Franklin, 1,253; Genesee, 346; Niagara, 337; and Onondaga, 530. mCOEPORATED PLACES. Amsterdam. — Part of Amsterdam town (Rockton village) annexed in 1901. Batavia. — Part of Batavia town aimexed in 1903. BiNQHAMTON. — Part of Binghamton town annexed in 1908. Cornwall. — Part of Cornwall town annexed in 1909. Fulton. — Fulton and Oswego Falls villages consolidated and incorporated as Fulton city in 1902. HoRNELL. — Name changed from Hornellsville in 1906. Hudson Falls.— Name changed from Sandy Hill in 1910. Lackawanna. — Incorporated from part of West Seneca town in 1909. Little Falls. — Part of Little Falls town annexed in 1902. New York.— Kings and Richmond Counties and parts of Queens and West- chester Counties annexed between 1890 and 1900. Niagara Falls.— Incorporated from part of Niagara town between 1890 and 1900. Ogdensburg. — Part of Lisbon town annexed in 1901. Glean.— Part of Olean town (including North Olean village) annexed in 1909. Oneida.— Oneida village made coextensive with Oneida town and incorporated as a city in 1901. Plattsburg.— Part of Plattsburg town annexed in 1902 and part annexed to Plattsburg town in 1903. Rensselaer. — Parte of East Greenbush town and North Greenbush town (including Bath-on-Hudson village) annexed in 1902. Rochester. — Parts of Brighton town (iocluding Brighton village) annexed between 1890 and 1900 and in 1901 , 1905, and 1908, and parts of Gates and Irondequoit towns annexed in 1907. Rye. — Incorporated in 1904. Saeanac Lake.— Parts of Harrietstown, North Elba, and St. Armand towns annexed in 1910. Schenectady.- Parts of Niskayuna and Rotterdam towns annexed in 1902. Scotia.— Incorporated in 1904. Syracuse.- Part of Onondaga town annexed between 1890 and 1900 and parts of Onondaga and Salina towns annexed in 1908 and 1909. Teoy. — Lansingburg village and parts of Brunswick and North Greenbush towns annexed in 1901. TucKAHOE.— Incorporated in 1902. TUPPEE Lake.— Incorporated in 1902. UncA.— Parts of New Hartford town annexed in 1904 and 1910. Chapter 3. STATISTICS OF AGRICULTURE FOR THE STATE AND ITS COUNTIES. Introduction, — This chapter presents a complete state- ment of the statistics of agriculture for New York collected at the census of 1910. Statistics of farms and farm property relate to April 15, 1910; those of farm products, expenses, and receipts are for the cal- endar year 1909. Definitions. — To assist in securing comparability for its statistics of agriculture, the Bureau of the Census provided the enumerators with certain definitions and instructions, the more important of which were essen- tially as given below. Farm. — A "farm" for census purposes is all the land which is directly farmed by one person managing and conducting agricul- tural operations, either by his own labor alone or with the assist- ance of members of his household or hired employees. The terra "agricultural operations" is used as a general term referring to the work of growing crops, producing other agricultural products, and raising animals, fowls, and bees. A "farm" as thus defined may consist of a single tract of land, or of a number of separate and distinct tracts, and these several tracts may be held under different tenures, as where one tract is owned by the farmer and another tract is hired by him. Further, when a landowner has one or more tenants, renters, croppers, or managers, the land operated by each is considered a "farm." In applying the foregoing definition of a "farm" for census purposes, enumerators were instructed to report as a "farm" any tract of 3 or more acres used for agricultural purposes, and also any tract containing less than 3 acres which produced at least $250 worth of farm products in the year 1909. Farmer. — A "farmer" or "farm operator," according to the census definition, is a person who directs the operations of a farm. Hence owners of farms who do not themselves direct the farm operations are not reported as ' ' farmers. ' ' Farmers are divided by the Bureau of the Census into three general classes according to the character of their tenure, namely, owners, tenants, and managers. Farm owners include (1) farmers operating their own land only, and (2) those operating both their own land and some land hired from others. The latter are sometimes referred to in the census reports as "part owners," the term "owners" being then restricted to those owning all their land. Farm tenants are farmers who, as tenants, renters, or croppers, operate hired land only. They were reported in 1910 in three classes: (1) Share tenants— those who pay a certain share of the products, as one-half, one-third, or one-quarter; (2) share-cash tenants— those who pay a share of the products for part of the land rented by them and cash for part; and (3) cash tenants— those who pay a cash rental or a stated amount of labor or products, such as $7, 10 bushels of wheat, or 100 pounds of seed cotton per acre. Managers are -farmers who are conducting farm operations for the owner for wages or a salary. Farm land.— Farm land is divided into (1) improved land, (2) woodland, and (3) all other unimproved land. The same classi- fication was followed in 1880. At former censuses, except that of 1880, farm land was divided into improved land and unimproved land, woodland being included with unimproved land. Improved land includes all land regularly tilled or mowed, land pastured and cropped in rotation, land lying fallow, land in gardens, orchards, vineyards, and nurseries, and land occupied by farm buildings. Woodland includes all land covered with natural or planted forest trees, which produce, or later may produce, firewood or other forest products. All other unimproved land includes brush land, rough or stony land, swamp land, and any other land which is not improved or in forest. The census classification of farm land as "improved land," "woodland," and "other unimproved land" is one not always easy for the farmers or enumerators to make, and the statistics therefore must be considered at best only a close approximation. Total value of farm products. — No attempt has been made at this census to compute or even to estimate approximately the total value of farm products. Among the numerous difficulties which stand in the way of obtaining a total which would be at once comprehensive, free from duplication, and confined exclusively to the products of a definite period of time are the following: (1) The duplication resulting from the feeding of farm crops to farm live stock, when the value both of the products derived from such live stock and of the crops are included in the same total. In 1900 an attempt was made to eliminate this dupUcation by m6ans of an inquiry as to the total value of the products of each farm fed to the Uve stock on that farm, but, aside from the fact that this would not eUminate the dupUcation where the products of ofie farm are fed to the live stock of another farm, it is beUeved that the farmers were imable to make even approximately accurate answers to the inquiry, and it was accordingly not included in the schedule for 1910. (2) The fact that farmers may buy domestic animals during the census year which are subsequently sold or slaughtered during the same year and that it is impossible to eliminate the duplication accurately; and the further fact that the value of domestic animals sold or slaughtered, or of forest products cut, during a given year (as well as some other minor items) does not usually represent a value created wholly during that year, and that it is quite impos- sible to ascertain the value created during the year. (3) The fact that the retturns for some products are incomplete. The returns for all products are to a considerable extent estimates made by the farmers. Special difficulty was encountered in cases where the person in possession of the farm in April, 1910, when the census was taken, was not in possession of it during the crop year 1909. In such cases the farmer was not always able to report com- pletely and accurately the products of the land for the preceding year. It is probable that the retmms for the principal crops are in general fairly accurate, but that those for minor crops and for dairy and poultry products are frequently understatements, partic- ularly because the home consumption was disregarded or under- estimated. In the belief that no accurate result could be obtained from such an inquiry, the Bureau of the Census did not even attempt to ascertain the total quantity and value of certain by- products, such as straw and cornstalks, which are of considerable importance, the schedule calUng only for the value of such by- products sold . (647) PER CENT OF lAND AREA IN FARMS, AND AVERAGE VAITJE OF FARM LAND PER ACRE, IN NEW YORK, BY COUNTIES: 1910. PER CENT OP LAND AREA IN FARMS. [Per cent for the state, 72.2.] The per cent of land area In farms, when leaa than 20, is Inserted under the county name. I I l£B9 rHAH 20 PCH OSKT ^^^'i'^ 20 TO *0 PSB CeifT AVERAGE VALUE OP FARM LAND PER ACRE. [Average for the state, $S2.13.] (648) STATISTICS OF AGRICULTURE. 649 FAEMS AND FARM PROPERTY. New York ranks first in population and twenty- ninth in land area among the states and territories of continental United States. The state occupies a portion of the great plateau which slopes to the west and north from the Appalachian Eanges. In its eastern section it is also crossed by the continuation of these ranges, while the Adirondack Mountains con- stitute an independent mountainous mass in the north- ern part of the state. Long Island comprises a narrow portion of the Coastal Plain section, which is more broadly developed in the states south of New York. Of the entire area of the state, about one-twentieth — most of which is on Long Island — hes below an alti- tude of 100 feet above sea level. Four-fifths of the state Hes between elevations of 100 feet and 1,500 feet. It is only the higher portions of the plateau and the mountainous altitudes of the Adirondacks and Cats- kills which rise above 2,000 feet, while the maximum altitude, which is in excess of 5,000 feet, is found only in the case of a few Adirondack peaks. The soils of Long Island consist of stony loams and sandy loams along the glacial moraines forming the northern and central portiTins of the highland, while the remainder of this area, sloping from the moraines down to sea level, consists chiefly of loams, sandy loams, and sands deposited as glacial outwash. All of these soils are well fitted for market gardening and the production of fruits. The eastern portion of the state along the New England border, together with the Adirondack Mountain mass, consists chietfly of glaci- ated crystalline rocks, large portions of the surface of which have been swept bare of all soil covering at the greater altitudes and upon the steeper slopes, while the included valleys and the gentler slopes are mantled by stony loams, loams, and sandy loams of glacial origin. Practically aU of the southern portion of New York state west of the Hudson Eiver, together with a broad belt surrounding the foathills of the Adirondacks, con- sists of the glaciated sandstones, shales, and limestones of the Appalachian Plateau. The altitudes, aside from low-lying valleys, range from about 1,000 feet to approximately 2,200 feet above sea level. The upland soils are principally stony loams and shale loams, with clay loams or sandy loams of minor extent. A small area in the southwestern portion of New York state contains soils of the unglaciated Appa- lachian Plateau. This area is rough, rugged, and deeply dissected. The glacial lake deposits occupy all of the lower altitudes along Lakes Erie, Ontario, and Champlain, and form considerable borders along the St. Lawrence, Mohawk, and Hudson Rivers. These soils comprise heavy clays, clay loams, loams, sandy loams, and gravelly loams in great variety. The two maps on the opposite page show, for the different counties, the proportion of the total land area which is in farms and the average value of farm land per acre. The percentage of land in farms varies widely in the different counties, but the most common proportion is from 90 to 95 per cent, that being the amount of land in farms in 18 counties. These counties are mainly in the center of the state and along the southern shore of Lake Ontario. That proportion of land in farms is exceeded by only^ counties, Wyoming and Living- ston, both of which have more than 95 per cent. Sixteen counties have from 80 to 90 per cent of their land in farms, and almost aU of these are contiguous to counties for which the proportion is from 90 to 95 per cent. The counties having less than 80 per cent of their land in farms include those on Long Island, those along the western bank of the Hudson, with the exception of Albany County^ and those in the Adi- rondack region. >■ For the state as a whole the average value of farm land per acre is $32.13. In a large majority of the counties the average value of farm land per acre is from $10 to $25, while in no county is farm land valued at less than $10 per acre. Most of the counties showing an average of from $10 to $25 are located in the eastern half of the state. In the western half 11 counties show an average of $25 to $50 per acre, 3 an average of $50 to $75, while in 1, Monroe, it is between $75 and $100. In 5 counties in the eastern half of the state the average value is from $25 to $50, 2 of these lying in the east central part and 3 in the southeastern part. In the 6 counties in the southeastern corner of the state which, as shown on the map, report an aver- age value per acre of over $125, the average value of land reported as used for agriculture is extremely high, ranging from $298 in Westchester County to $2,591 in Kings County. These exceptional values are due to the fact that 4 of these counties lie within the bound- aries of New York City, while the remaining 2 are adjacent to that city. Progress during the decade 1900 to 1910. — Between 1900 and 1910 the population of the state increased 25.4 per cent, while the number of farms decreased 4.9 per cent. During the same period the total farm acreage and the acreage of improved land decreased, the former 2.7 per cent and the latter 4.8 per cent. The total value of farm property, which includes that of land, buildings, implements and machiaery, and live stock (domestic animals, poultry, and bees), is $1,451,481,000, an increase of 35.7 per cent since 1900. Land alone increased in value 28.4 per cent, compared with an increase of 41.6 per cent in the value of build- 650 SUPPLEMENT FOR NEW YORK. ings, 45.8 per cent in that of live stock, and 49.3 per cent in that of implements and machinery. In con- sidering the increase of values in agriculture the general increase in the prices of all commodities in the last 10 years should be borne in mind. The average value of all property per farm increased 42.7 per cent during the decade. The average value per acre of land alone rose from $24.34 in 1900 to $32.13 in 1910. The_ following table summarizes for the state the more significant facts relating to population and land area, the number, value, and acreage of farms, and the value of all other farjn property in 1910 and 1900: NUMBER, AREA. AND VALUE OF FARMS. Population Number of all farms Approximate land area of the state acres Land in farms acres Improved land in farms acres Average acres per farm Value of farm property: Total Land Buildings Implements and machinery Domestic animals, poultry, and bees. . Average value of all property per farm Average value of land per acre 1910 (April 15) 9, 113, 614 215, 597 30, 498, 560 22, 030, 367 14, 844, 039 102.2 $1, 451, 481, 495 707, 747, 828 476, 998, 001 83, 644, 822 183, 090, 844 $6, 732 $32. 13 1900 (June 1) 7, 268, 894 226, 720 30, 498, 560 22, 648, 109 15, 599, 986 99.9 $1, 069, 723, 895 551, 174, 22(^ 336, 959, 960 56, 006, 000 125, 583, 715 $4, 718 $24. 34 nrCBEASE.! Amount. 1, 844, 720 -11, 123 -617,742 -755, 947 2.3 $381, 757, 600 156, 573, 608 140, 038, 041 27, 638, 822 57, 507, 129 $2, 014 $7.79 Per cent. 25.4 -4.9 -2.7 -4.8 2.3 35.7 28.4 41.6 49.3 45.8 42.7 32.0 1 A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease. Population, nnmber of farms, and farm acreage : 1850 to 1910. — ^The table following presents, for the state as a whole for each census from 1850 to 1910, inclusive, a statement of the total population, the number of farms, and the acreage of farm land and of improved land in farms. It also gives the percentage of the land area in farms, the percentage of farm land improved, and the percentage of increase during each decade in the number of farms and in the land in farms. PABMS. LAND IN FAEMS. Per cent of land area in Per All land. cent of CENSUS Popula- tion. Number. Per cent of in- crease.! Improved land farm TEAR. Per land im- Acres. cent of in- (acres). farms. prov- ed. crease.' 1910.... 9,113,614 215,697 -4.9 22,030,367 -2.7 14,844,039 72.2 67.4 1900.... 7,268,894 226,720 0.2 22,648,109 3.1 15,599,986 74.3 68.9 1890.... 6,003,174 226, 223 -6.2 21,961,562 -7.6 16,389,380 72.0 74.6 1880.... 5, 082, 871 241,058 11.5 23, 780, 754 7.2 17,717,862 78.0 74.5 1870.... 4,382,759 216. 2S3 9.8 22,190,810 5.8 16,627,206 72.8 70.4 I860.... 3,880,735 196,990 15.5 20,974,958 9.7 14,358,403 68.8 68.5 1850.... 3,097,394 170,621 19,119,084 12,408,964 62.7 64.9 1 A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease. During the last 60 years the population of the state has increased continuously from 3,097,394 in 1850 to 9,113,614 in 1910, or nearly trebled. The increase was remarkably uniform from 1850 to 1890, since which time it has been more rapid, exceeding in two decades the increase of the preceding four decades. The number of farms is 215,597, compared with 226,720 in 1900, 226,223 in 1890, and 241,058 in 1880. It may be noted that with the exception of the slight increase between 1890 and 1900 the number has de- creased since 1880. The decrease during the last dec- ade has been at the rate oT 1,112 per year, compared with a decrease of 1,484 per year between 1880 and 1890. In 1850 the number was 170,621; from then until 1880 it increased continuously at a rate averaging 2,348 per year. The land surface of New York is approximately 30,498,560 acres. Of this area, 22,030,367 acres, or 72.2 per cent, are included in farms, compared with 74 .3 per cent in 1 900 and 72 per cent ia 1 890 . Between 1850 and 1880 the farm acreage constituted an increas- ing proportion of the total land area, increasing from 62.7 per cent in 1850 to 78 per cent in 1880. The improved acreage has decreased continuously since 1880, being 14,844,039 in 1910, as compared with 15,599,986 acres in 1900, 16,389,380 acres in 1890, and 17,717,862 acres in 1880. During the last decade the improved acreage decreased' relatively more than the total acreage; between 1890 and 1900 the total acreage increased, notwithstanding a decrease in im- proved acreage. Hence, for the 20 years the propor- tion improved has decreased, the decrease being from 74.6 per cent in 1890 to 68.9 per cent in 1900 and 67.4 per cent in 1910. For the first 30 years covered by the table both the improved and the total acreage increased continuously, the improved from 12,408,964 in 1850 to 17,717,862 in 1880, and the total acreage from 19,119,084 to 23,780,754. Because of the greater relative increase in the improved than in the total farm acreage, the proportion improved, which was 64.9 per cent in 1850, had risen to 74.5 per cent in 1880. Values of farm property; 1850 to 1910. — The agri- cultural changes in New York since 1850, as reflected in the values of the several classes of farm property, are shown in the table which follows: STATISTICS OF AGRICULTURE. 651 CENSUS YEAB. 1910... 1900... 1890... 1880... 1870 8. 1860... 1850... FARM PROPERTY. Total. Value. $1,451,481,496 1,069,723,896 1,139,310,716 1,216,637,765 1,195,790,552 936,366,684 650,202,067 sa 35.7 -6.1 -6.4 1.7 27.7 44.0 Land and buildings. Value. $1,184,745,829 888,134,180 968,127,286 1,056,176,741 1,018,286,213 803,343,593 554,646,642 33.4 -8.3 -8.3 3.7 26.8 44.9 Implements and machinery. Value. $83,644,822 66,006,000 46,669,465 42,592,741 36,798,170 29,166,695 22,084,926 49.3 20.0 9.6 16.7 26.2 32.1 Domestic animals, poultry, and bees. Value. $183,090,844 125,683,715 124,623,965 117,868,: — 140,706,169 103,856,296 73,570,499 0.9 6.6 -16.2 36.6 41.2 • A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease. ' Computed gold values, being 80 per cent of the currency values reported. The total wealth of the state in the form of farm property increased continuously from $650,202,000 in 1860 to $1,216,638,000 in 1880, this increase resulting from a steady gain in the value of each item, except that in the decade 1870-1880 the value of live stock declined from $140,706,000 to $117,868,000, or 16.2 per cent. In the last 30 years the total value of farm property and the value of land and buildings have fluctuated, decreasing in the two decades foUowing 1880 and attaining their maximum proportions in the last decade. The values of implements and ma- chinery and of hve stock have continuously advanced during the last 30 years. The proportion which land and buildings con- tributed to the total value continuously decreased during the last 30 years, the decrease being from 86.8 per cent in 1880 to 81.6 per cent in 1910. The propor- tions for the other two classes increased continuously, that for hve stock from 9.7 per cent to 12.6 per cent, and that for implements and machinery from 3.5 per cent to 5.8 per cent. Average acreage and values per farm: 1850 to 1910. — ^The changes which have taken place during the past 60 years in the average acreage of New York farms and in the average values of the various classes of farm property, as well as in the average value per acre of land and buildings, are shown in the following table : Average acres per farm. AVERAGE VALUE PER FARM.' Average CENSUS TEAR. All farm property. Land and buildings. Imple- ments and ma- chinery. Domestic animals, poultry, and bees. value of land and buildings per acre. 1910 102.2 99.9 97.1 98.7 102.6 106.6 112.1 $6,732 4,718 6,036 6,047 5,530 4,763 3,811 $5,495 3,917 4,280 4,381 4,709 4,078 3,250 $388 247 206 177 170 148 129 $849 554 550 489 651 527 431 $53.78 1900 39.21 1890 44.08 1880 44.41 18703 45.89 I860 38.30 I860 29.00 1 Averages are based on "all farms" in state. s Computed gold values, being 80 per cent of the currency values reported. The average size of the New York farm is 102.2 acres, an increase over 1900, 1890, and 1880, when the figures were 99.9, 97.1, and 98.7 acres, respectively. The average size in 1850 was 112.1 acres, and from that year it continuously decreased for 40 years. The average value of a New York farm, including equipment, is $6,732, compared with $4,718 in 1900 and $5,036 in 1890. The average value of land and buildings per farm is $5,495, an increase of $1,578 since 1900, and a net increase of $1,215 since 1890. The value of land and buildings per acre increased from $29 in 1850 to $45.89 in 1870, from which time it decreased steadily to $39.21 in 1900. In 1910, how- ever, it attained its maximum figure, $53.78. The average value per farm of farm equipment, which in- cludes implements and machinery and hve stock, has more than doubled since 1850. Farm tenure: 1880 to 1910. — The following table shows the distribution of the farms of the state ac- cording to character of tenure at each census since 1880: TENURE. 1910 1900 1890 1880 215,697 226,720 226,223 241,068 Farms operated by owners and man- 170,725 152,343 14,331 4,051 172,517 166,201 13,497 3,819 180,472 (■) 8 201,186 Farms consisting of owned land only. Farms consisting of owned and hired Farms operated by managers. . (') Farms operated by tenants 44,872 23,086 1,013 18,519 2,254 54,203 1 29,900 1 24,303 45,751 26,026 19,726 39, 872 Share tenants ... 21,748 Cash tenants Per cent of farms operated by — Owners and managers 79.2 20.8 11.2 9.6 76.1 23.9 13.2 10.7 79.8 20.2 11.5 8.7 83.5 Tenants 16.5 Share and share-cash 9.0 Cash and nonspecified 7.5 * Not reported separately. 3 Share.cash tenants were doubtless largely included with sliare tenants in 1900, 1890, and 1880. ' Prior to 1910 nonspeciiled tenants were included with cash tenants. The number of all farms, and therefore of all farm operators, is 215,597. Of the farm operators, 166,674 are classified as owners, 4,051 as managers, and 44,872 as tenants. Of the owners, 152,343 operate exclu- sively land owned by them, while 14,331 operate land which they rent in addition to that which they own. The farmers classified as tenants are further distrib- uted according to the character of their tenure. Thus 23,086 are share tenants, 1,013 share-cash tenants, 18,519 cash tenants, while for 2,254 no report relative to character of tenure was secured. During the past decade the number of tenant farms has fallen from 54,203 to 44,872, a decrease of 9,331, or 17.2 per cent. In 1880 about one farm in every six was in the hands of a tenant; in 1890 the proportion was about one in every five ; in 1900 nearly one in every four; and in 1910 a httle over one in every five, a decrease to about the same proportion as in 1890. This decrease during the last decade is a part of a general decrease occurring in all of the New England and Middle Atlantic states. The proportion of tenant farms in New York (20.8 per cent) is slightly greater than the combined average for the two divisions just mentioned (18.2 per cent), but is much lower than the average for the United States as a whole (37 per cent) . For the sake of comparison with the figures of the pre- 652 SUPPLEMENT FOR NEW YORK. ceding census years, the share-cash tenants of 1910 have been grouped with the share tenants and the nonspeci- fied tenants with the cash tenants. At each census from 1880 to 1910 the share and share-cash group has represented a somewhat greater proportion of all ten- ant farms than has the cash and nonspecified group. The following table shows the acreage, improved acreage, and value of land and buildings for farms operated by owners (including part owners) , managers, and tenants, respectively: FAKMS OPERATED ALL LAND IN FARMS (ACKES). IMPROVED LAND IN FARMS (ACRES). VALUi: OF LAND AND BUILDINGS. BY— 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 Total- Owners Managers... Tenants 22,030,367 15,824,840 838,476 6,367,051 22,648,109 15,815,967 712,436 6,119,706 14. 844, 039 10,606,157 431,936 3,805,946 15,599,986 10,781,064 392,309 4,426,613 $1,184,745,829 797,712,574 89,016,220 298,018,035 $888,134,180 590,425,050 49,520,450 248,188,680 The following table shows the per cent distribution by tenure groups of the items in the preceding table, and also of the number of farms : PER CENT OF TOTAL. FARMS OPERATED BY— Number of farms. All land in farms. Improved land in farms. Value of land and buildings. 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 Total 100.0 77.3 1.9 20.8 100.0 74:4 1.7 23.9 100.0 71.8 3.8 24.4 100.0 69.8 3.1 27.0 100.0 71.4 2.9 25.6 100.0 69.1 2.5 28.4 100.0 67.3 7.5 26.2 100.0 Owners . 66.6 5.6 Tenants 27.9 It wiU be seen that, in 1910, 71.8 per cent of all land in farms was in farms operated by their owners (in- cluding part owners) , 3.8 per cent in farms operated by managers, and 24.4 per cent in farms operated by ten- ants, the percentages for owners and for managers being higher and that for tenants lower than in 1900. As shown by the table below, the average size of farms operated by managers in 1910 (207 acres) was very much greater than that of farms operated by tenants (119.6 acres), which was in turn considerably larger than that of farms operated by owners (94.9 acres) . The average size of farms in each of the three classes increased between 1900 and 1910, the increase being most pronounced in farms operated by man- agers. In 1910 the percentage of farm land improved was highest for farms operated by tenants, and lowest for those operated by managers. AVERAGE ACRES PER FARM. PER CENT OF FARM AVERAGE VALUE OF LAND AND BUILDINaS. FARMS OPERATED BY— All land. Improved land. LAND IMPROVED. Per farm. Per acre. 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 Total Owners Managers Tenants. 102. Z 94 9 207.0 119.6 90.9 33.8 186.5 112.9 68.8 63.6 106.6 84.8 68.8 63.9 102.7 81.7 67.4 67.0 51.6 70.9 68.9 68.2 65.1 72.3 $5,495 4,786 21,974 6,642 $3,917 3,500 12,967 4,679 $53.78 60.41 106. 16 56.63 $39.21 37.33 69.61 40.56 Farm mortgages: 1890 to 1910. — The Eleventh Census (1890) was the first to coUect data relating to mortgage debt on farms. The basis of the returns was the "farm home" occupied by its owner. The same class of information was secured by the population schedules of the Twelfth Census (1900). The agricul- tural schedules of the Thirteenth Census (1910) se- cured practically the same information, except that the basis was "owned farms" instead of "owned farm homes" — a difference involving, however, no appreci- able incomparability. The following table relates to farms operated by persons owning all or part of the land, and shows for 1910 (1) the number of such farms reported as free from mortgage; (2) the number reported as mortgaged; and (3) the number for which no mortgage reports were secured. Comparable items are included for 1900 and 1890. OWNED FARMS.l OWNED FARM HOMES. OWNED FARM HOMES. 2 CLASS. 1910 1900 1890 ^ Number. Per oent.s Number. Per cent.' Number. Per cent. Total 166,674 93,118 72,311 1,246 ""m.3 43.7 170,603 89,655 77,164 3,784 ""m.7' 46.3 174,652 97,509 77,143 Tree from mortgage Mortgaged SS.8 44.2 1 Includes all farms owned in wbole or in part by the operator. 2 The 1,636 "owned farm homes" for which no reports were secured were dis- tributed between "free from mortgage" and "mortgaged" in 1890. • Per cent of combined total of "free from mortgage" and "mortgaged." In 1910 the total number of farms owned in whole or in part by the operators was 166,674. Of this num- ber, 93,118 were reported as free from mortgage; 72,311 were reported as mortgaged; and for 1,245 no report relative to mortgage indebtedness was obtained. The number of mortgaged farms constituted 43.7 per cent of the total number of owned farms, exclusive of those for which no mortgage report was obtained. The percentage is somewhat lower than it was in 1900, and slightly lower than in 1890. It may be noted that the percentages given for the three censuses are com- parable, but that the number of mortgaged and un- mortgaged farms reported in 1890 is not entirely com- parable with the numbers reported at the later censuses because at the census of 1890 the farms for which no reports were secured were distributed between the two classes of mortgaged and unmortgaged farms. It can be seen, however, that the number of mortgaged farms is less in 1910 than in 1900 and 1890, and that the num- ber free of mortgage decreased between 1890 and 1900, but increased during the last decade. The statement of mortgage debt and of the value of mortgaged farm property is restricted to the farms of those farmers who own aU of their land and report the amount as well as the fact of indebtedness. Of the 72,311 farms reported as mortgaged, 65,239 are wholly owned by the farmers, and for 62,555 of these the amount of mortgage debt is reported. Only these last- mentioned farms are included for 1910 in the next STATISTICS OF AGRICULTURE. 653 table, which presents data relating to mortgaged farms for 1910 and 1890. In this connection it should be noted that in 1890 the amount of mortgage debt of farms with incomplete reports was estimated according to the percentages and averages obtained from farms with full reports, but that no such estimate is here made for 1910. The table gives a comparative statement of the value of mortgaged farms owned entirely by their operators and the amount of indebtedness, together with the average value of such farms, the average debt per farm, and the average equity per farm for 1910 and 1890. Data regarding the amount of mortgage debt were not obtained in 1900. OWWED FARMS OB FABM HOMES MOBTQAGED. INOEEASE.l 19102 18903 Amount. Per cent. Number 62,665 $284,659,163 $97,309,848 34.2 $4,661 $1,556 $2,996 77,143 $309,362,398 $134,960,703 43.6 $4,010 $1,749 $2,261 Value— Land and buildings Amount ol mortgage debt Per cent of debt to value Average value per farm $641 -$193 $734 13.6 -11.0 32.6 ) Average equity per farm 1 A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease. 2 Includes only farms consisting wliolly of owned land and reporting value of farm and amount of debt. 8 Includes all owned farm homes, estimates being made of value of farms and amount of debt for all defective reports. The average debt of mortgaged farms has decreased in the last 20 years from $1,749 to $1,556, or 11 per cent, while the average value of such farms increased from $4,010 to $4,551, or 13.5 per cent. Thus the owner's equity increased on the average from $2,261 to $2,995, or 32.5 per cent. As a result of the greater relative decrease in farm debt than in farm value, the mortgage indebtedness, which was 43.6 per cent of the value of the farm in 1890, has decreased to 34.2 per cent of this value in 1910. Farms by size groups : 1910 and 1900. — The follow- ing table shows the distribution of farms by size groups at the censuses of 1910 and 1900: SIZE GROUP. NUMBER OP PAEM3. mCEBASE.l PEE CENT OF TOTAL. 1910 1900 Number. Per cent. 1910 1900 Total 216,597 1,424 17,231 15,533 31,047 56,821 61,031 21,901 9,262 1,104 243 226,720 2,971 13,789 15,782 35,123 63,789 63,846 21,335 8,728 1,109 248 -11,123 -1,547 3,442 -249 -4,076 -6,968 -2,816 666 634 -5 -5 -4.9 -52.1 25.0 -1.6 -11.6 -10.9 -4.4 2.7 6.1 -0.6 -2.0 100. D 0.7 8.0 7.2 14.4 26.4 28.3 10.2 4.3 0.5 0.1 100.0 1.3 6.1 7.0 16.6 28.1 100 to 174 acres 176 to 269 acres 260 to 499 acres 600 to 999 acres 1,000 acres and over. . . . 28.2 9.4 3.8 0.5 0.1 I A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease. Of the farms in New York, those from 100 to 174 acres in size form 28.3 per cent of the total number; those from 50 to 99 acres, 26.4 per cent; and those from 20 to 49 acres, 14.4 per cent. Hence the com- bined number of farms in these three groups is more than two-thirds of the total number of farms. Each of these groups decreased in number during the decade, their combined decrease amounting to 13,859, com- pared with a decrease of 11,123 in the total number. The large decreases in these three groups were par- tially offset by an increase of 3,442, or 25 per cent, in the "3 to 9 acres" group; considerably smaller increases occurred in the "175 to 259 acres" group and in the "260 to 499 acres" group. The "10 to 19 acres" group decreased by 249, or 1.6 per cent, forming 7.2 per cent of the total number of farms in 1910. The "500 to 999 acres" group and the "1,000 acres and over" group each decreased by five farms during the decade; these two groups together represented less than 1 per cent of the total number of farms both in 1910 and in 1900. The number of places under 3 acres reported as farms is less than one-haK as great as it was 10 years ago. This decrease may result from a different inter- pretation by the enumerators as to what constitutes a small farm or may represent an actual decrease in that type of farm. It may be noted that the farms of over 100 acres and those of from 3 to 19 acres constituted a larger proportion of the total number of farms in 1910 than in 1900, and farms of from 20 to 99 acres a smaller proportion. The following table shows the total and improved acreage and the value of land and buildings for farms of various size groups, consolidating into one group the farms of less than 20 acres (numbering in all 34,188), and also the farms of between 175 and 499 acres (num- bering 31,163): ALL LAND IN IMPEOVED LAND VALUE OF LAND AND FARMS (ACEES). IN FARMS (ACEES). BUILDINGS. SIZE GEOtrP. i 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 Total.... 22.030,367 22,648,109 14,844.039 15,699,986 $1,184,746,829 $888,134,180 Under 20 acres 307,362 307,621 267, 909 271,302 108,633,214 69,384,810 20 to 49 acres.. 1,028,991 1, 180, 411 801,480 945,839 129,618,019 93,991,780 50 to 99 acres. - 4,068,580 4,651,108 3,053,725 3,443,059 264,212,934 208,984,960 100 to 174 acres 7,804,307 8,167,612 5,540,335 6,860,866 360,162,667 274,630,680 175 to 499 acres 7,550,324 7,243,784 4,746,402 4,670,801 277,308,685 212,300,610 600 to 999 acres •686,906 690,692 316,532 307,346 27,143,232 19,396,030 1,000 acres and over 684,897 517,081 117,656 100,785 17,667,078 9,465,310 The following table shows the per cent distribution, by size groups, of the items presented in the preceding table, and also of the number of farms : PER CENT OF TOTAL. SIZE GROUP. Number of farms. All land in farms. Improved land in farms. Value of land and buildings 1910 1900 X910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 Total 100.0 16.9 14.4 26.4 28.3 14.5 0.6 0.1 100.0 14.4 16.6 28.1 28.2 13.3 0.5 0.1 100.0 1.4 4.7 18.5 35.4 34.3 3.1 2.7 190. 1.4 5.2 20.1 36.0 32.0 3.0 2.3 100.0 1.8 5.4 20.6 37.3 32.0 2.1 0.8 100.0 1.7 6.1 22.1 37.6 29.9 2.0 0.6 100.0 9.2 10.9 22.3 30.4 23.4 2.3 1.5 100.0 7.8 10.6 23.5 30.9 23.9 2.2 1.1 20 to 49 acres 50 to 99 acres 100tol74acres 176 to 499 acres 600 to 999 acres 1,000 acres and over Of the total farm acreage of the state in 1910, 35.4 per cent was in farms of 100 to 174 acres, and 34.3 per cent in farms of 175 to 499 acres, those two being from the standpoint of aggregate acreage the most impor- tant size groups. Between 1900 and 1910 there was 654 SUPPLEMENT FOR NEW YORK. an increase in the proportion of the total acreage con- tained in farms in each size group of not less than 175 acres; and a decrease in the proportion in farms of every smaller size group, except that of farms of less than 20 acres, which remained the same. In general, as shown by the table below, the per- centage of farm land improved diminishes as the size of the farms increases. For this reason and also because buildings have normally a higher value in proportion to farm acreage on small than on large farms, the average value of land and buildings per acre of land generally diminishes with the increase in the size of the farms ; it is very much higher for the farms under 20 acres in size than for those of any other group. Many of the small farms in New York are primarily places of residence of wealthy persons, with expensive buildings, and many others are highly improved truck farms. PER CENT OF FAKM LAND IMPEOTED. AVEEAGE VALUE OF LAND AND BUILDINGS. STTIF, GROUP. Per farm. Per acre. 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 Total 67.4 87.2 77.9 75.1 71.0 62.9 46.1 20.1 68.9 88.2 80.1 75.7 71.8 64.5 44.5 19.5 $6,495 3,178 4,175 4,650 5,901 8,899 24,586 72,704 $3,917 2,132 2,676 3,276 4,301 7,062 17,490 38, 167 $63.78 353.44 126.97 64.94 46.15 36.73 39.57 30.21 $39.21 225.63 79.63 50 to 99 acres 45.92 100 to 174 acres 33.67 175 to 499 acres 29.31 28.08 18.31 Color and nativity of farmers: 1910. — Prior to the Thirteenth Census no attempt was made to secure information on the farm schedules concerning the nativity of farmers. The table which follows shows the color and nativity of farm operators by character of tenure for 1910: FARM OPERATORS. Total. Owners. Ten- ants. Man- agers. Per cent of total. NATIVITY. Num- ber. Per cent dis- tribu- tion. Own- ers. Ten- ants. Man- agers. Total 216,697 187,629 27,029 939 100.0 87.0 12.5 0.4 166,674 144,850 21,016 808 44,878 39,389 5,366 117 4,061 3,390 647 14 77.3 77.2 77.8 86.0 20.8 21.0 19.9 12.5 1.9 Native white Foreign-bom white . Negro and other honwhite . . 1.8 2.4 l.S Of the farmers in New York, 87 per cent were native whites and 12.5 per cent foreign-born whites. Only 939, or four-tenths of 1 per cent, were other than white, 635 being Indians, 295 negroes, 5 Japanese, and 4 Chinese. The proportion of tenancy was about the same among the native white as among the foreign- born white farmers, being 21 per cent for the former, as compared with 19.9 per cent for the latter. Of the 27,029 foreign-born white farmers in New York in 1910, 8,551 were born in Germany; 4,770 in Ireland; 3,710 in England; 3,414 in Canada; 978 in Holland; 917 in Eussia; 825 in Italy; 785 in Sweden; 585 in Austria; 491 in Scotland; 424 in Switzerland; 404 in Wales; 308 in Denmark; and 291 in France. Other European countries were represented by a total of 520 farmers, and non-European countries, other than Canada, by 56. DOMESTIC ANIMALS, POUITRY, AND BEES. Domestic animals on farms: 1910. — The census of 1910 was taken as of April 15, and that of 1900 as of June 1. Since a great many domestic animals are bom during the six weeks between April 15 and June 1, and on the other hand a considerable number of older animals are slaughtered or die during the same period, the numbers of the different classes of animals for the two censuses are not closely comparable, and the same is true in somewhat less degree of the values. For this reason the figures for 1900 are not presented in this chapter, but in the general reports of the census the figures for the several states will be presented and the extent to which their comparability is. affected by the change in the date of enumeration will be discussed. The next table summarizes the statistics of domestic animals for the state, recorded as of April 15, 1910. Cattle and sheep are divided into age and sex groups, while horses, mules, and swine are presented by age groups only. Of the total number of farms enumerated, 201,295, or 93.4 per cent, report domestic animals of some kind, the number without any domestic animals being 14,302. Cattle are reported by 86.1 per cent of all farms "dairy cows" by 85.4 per cent, and "other cows" by 19.7 per cent. The average number of "dairy cows" per farm reporting is over eight. The average value of "dairy cows " increased from $32.43 to $45.78, and that of "other cows" only from $24.31 to $27.01. Although the number of cows increased 47,981, the number of calves decreased 68,811, due largely to the change in the date of enumeration. The census of 1900 was taken as of June 1, after aU the spring calves were born, while that of 1910 was taken as of AprU 15, before the close of the calving season and when the calves on hand were on the average younger than at the enumeration of 1900. In spite of the younger age of the calves in 1910, their average value is $0.15 greater than in 1900. The number of heifers de- creased 101,116 and the number of steers and bulls 51,440 during the decade. Horses are reported by 86.5 per cent of aU the farms in the state, but only 9.5 per cent report colts born in 1909 and only 1.5 per cent spring colts. The average value of mature horses is over one and three-fourths that reported in 1900. STATISTICS OF AGRICULTURE. 655 Mules are reported by less than 1 per cent of the farms, but the average value of mature mules is con- siderably higher than that of horses. Sheep and lambs are reported from 24,854 farms, or 11.5 per cent of all the farms in the state, whereas in 1900 17.9 per cent of all farms reported sheep. Of the farms reportmg sheep and lambs, 73.4 per cent report spring lambs, the number of the latter being equal to 57 per cent of the number of ewes. This comparatively small proportion is doubtless due to the early date of enumeration. Ewes are reported on all but 751 of the farms reporting sheep, and for the farms reporting the average is about 24 per farm. Those reporting rams and wethers show an average of only about 4 per farm. Of aU farms, 49.8 per cent report swine and show an average of 6 per farm reporting. On account of the early date of enumeration only 19.3 per cent report spring pigs. The average value of the swine included under the head of "hogs and pigs born before January 1, 1910," is $12.89. FAKMS EEPOBTING. ANIMALS. AGE AKD SEX QKOtTP. Number. Per cent ofaU farms. Number. Value. Aver- value. Total 201,296 93.4 $174,560,668 Cattle 185,664 184,024 42,556 83,358 112,866 37,251 27,682 86.1 85.4 19.7 38:7 52.3 17.3 12.8 2,423,003 1,509,594 138,461 234,728 438,329 58,976 42,915 83,062,242 69,110,608 3,739,606 , 4,186,454 2,786,121 1,207,490 2,033,063 $34.28 Dairy cows (cows and heif- ers tept for milt, bom before Jan. 1, 1909) Other cows (cows and heif- ers not kept for milk, bom before Jan. 1, 1909). . Heifers bom in 1909 Calves bom after Jan. 1, 1910 45.78 27.01 17.84 6.36 Steers and bulls bom in 1909 20.47 Steers and bulls bom be- fore Jan. 1, 1909 47.37 Horses 186,435 186,082 20,438 3,260 86.5 86.3 9.5 1.5 591,008 562,310 25,083 3,615 80,043,302 78,032,682 1,861,349 159, 271 135.44 Mares, stallions, and geld- ings bom before Jan. 1, 1909 138.77 73.81 Colts bom after Jan. 1, 1910. 44.06 Holes 1,890 1,773 169 19 0.9 0.8 0.1 (') 4,052 3,840 191 21 650,497 633,272 16,345 880 160.54 Muies bom before Jan. 1, 1909 164.91 Mule colts bom in 1909 Mule colts bom after Jan. 1, 1910 85.58 41.90 Asses and burros 190 0.1 284 38,262 134.73 107,372 94,463 41,623 49.8 43.8 19.3 666,179 364,375 301,804 6,905,272 4,698,066 1,207,206 8.86 Hogs and pigs bom before Jan 1 1910 12.89 Pigs bom after Jan. 1, 1910. 4.00 24,854 24,103 10,685 18,261 11.5 11.2 4.9 8.5 930,300 568,829 37,290 324,181 4,839,661 3,678,912 281,814 878,925 5.20 Ewes bom before Jan. 1, 1910 6.47 Bams and wethers bom beforeJan. 1,1910 Lambs bom after Jan. 1, 1910 7.56 2.71 719 0.3 3,475 21,432 6.17 1 Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. Poultry on farms : 1910 and 1900. — ^The increase in the number of fowls on New York farms during the last decade amounts to 1,326,424, or 14.2 per cent, while their value increased $3,569,000, or 82.8 per cent. The number of farms reporting poultry decreased from 206,389 to 193,141, or 6.4 per cent; thus the average number of fowls per farm reporting increased from 45 to 55. Of the farms reporting poultry, all but 305 report chickens, the total number of the latter being 10,232,000 and their value $7,311,000. This value is over nine-tenths of the value of all fowls. The value of poultry and the number of farms reporting were obtained in 1900 for the total of all fowls only, and not for each kind as in 1910. The following table gives the numbers of the various kinds of poultry reported in 1910 and 1900, together with their value, and the number of farms reporting each kind in 1910: 1910 (April 16) 1900 (June 1) Eom. Farms reporting. Number of fowls. Value. Number. Percent of all farms. Number of fowls. Total 193,141 192,836 26,064 16,603 7,646 8,197 4,299 67 89.6 89.4 11.6 7.7 3.5 3.8 2.0 («) 10,678,836 10,232,498 104,957 164,488 29,295 33,020 111,954 2,624 $7,879,388 7,311,027 283,842 144,056 67,090 21,479 58,958 2,936 9,352,412 Chickens 8,964,736 190,879 Ducks 150,864 Geese 46,933 Guinea fowls Pigeo^is AU other • . («) • Included with chickens. 2 Not reported. ' Fifty-three farms report 188 peafowls, valued at $1,047; 12 farms report 421 pheasants, valued at $1,369; 1 farm reports 2,000 wild ducks, valued at $500; 1 farm reports 15 wild geese, valued at $30. * Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. Bees on farms : 1910 and 1900. — The number of farms reporting bees has decreased from 22,738 in 1900 to 15,259in 1910, or 32 .9 per cent. The number of colonies of bees decreased from 187,208 to 156,360, or 16.5 per cent, while their value increased from $593,784 to $646,848, or 8.9 per cent. The average value of bees per farm reporting was $26.11 in 1900 and $42.39 in 1910. About seven farms in every hundred report bees. Domestic animals not on farms : 1910. — Most of the domestic animals not on farms are found in cities, towns, and villages. Statistics for such animals are shown below. No provision was made by law to se- cure data pertaining to poultry and bees not on farms. In the next table age groups are omitted for the sake of brevity, but it may be noted that in cities and vil- lages a comparatively small proportion of the animals of each class are in the younger age groups. Total AU cattle Dairy cows Horses Mules Asses and burros - Swine Sheep Goats Number of inclo- sures reporting. Ill, 553 24,428 23,394 96,489 665 99 8,232 430 1,578 Number. 47,608 32,225 303,266 3,490 144 32,316 23,608 2,623 Value. $63,722,021 2,017,616 1,645,743 60,371,030 726, 716 15,427 413, 497 20,861 value. $42.47 51.07 199.08 208.23 107. 13 12.80 6.64 8.27 As would be expected, horses are by far the most important class of domestic animals not on farms, 656 SUPPLEMENT FOR NEW YORK. both in number and in value; cattle, about two-thirds of which are dairy cows, rank next in importance. Domestic animals on farms and not on farms: 1910. — The next table gives the total number and value of domestic animals, distinguishing those on farms from those not on farms. The total value of all domestic animals in the state in 1910 was $238,283,000, of which the value of ani- mals not on farms represented 26.7 per cent. The num- ber of horses not on farms was more than half as great as the number on farms, but in the case of most of the other classes of animals the proportion was much lower. DOMESTIC AKIMALS. KIND. Total. On farms. Not on farms. Num- ber. Value. Num- ber. Value. Num- ber. Value. Total. $238,282,679 85,079,858 70,766,351 140,414,332 1,377,213 53,689 6,318,769 4,996,525 42,293 $174,560,658 83,062,242 69,110,608 80,043,302 650,497 38,262 6,905,272 4,839,661 ,21,432 ' '47,' 608 32,225 303,256 3,490 144 32,316 23,608 2,523 $63,722,021 2,017,616 1,645,743 60,371,030 726,716 15,427 413,497 156,874 20,861 All cattle . 2,470,511 1,541,819 894,264 7,542 428 698,496 953,908 5,998 2,423,003 1,609,694 691,008 4,052 284 666, 179 930,300 3,475 Dairy cows Horses Mules Asses and burros. . Swine Goats LIVE STOCK PRODUCTS. The returns for live stock products obtained at the census of 1910, like those for crops, relate to the activities of the calendar year 1909. It is impossible to give a total representing the annual production of live stock products for the reason that, as shown elsewhere, the total value of products from the busi- ness of raising domestic animals for use, sale, or slaughter can not be calculated from the census re- turns. Even if this value could be ascertained and were added to the value of the crops the sum would not correctly represent the total value of farm prod- ucts, because, us already more fully explained, dupli- cation would result from the fact that part of the crops are fed to the live stock. Dairy products: 1909 and 1899. — The following table shows the principal statistics relative to dairy products in 1909, with certain comparisons for 1899: TARMS EEPOETING. Number or quantity. Unit. VALUE. Num- ber. Per cent ofall farms. Total. Aver- age per unit. Dairy cows on farms April 16,1910 184,024 168,408 132,204 85.4 ■78.1 61.3 1,509,594 1,439,025 1,151,284 597,363,198 23,461,702 390,049 524,279,723 1,207,174 36,249,617 12,630,113 334,301 Head Head Head Gals. Lbs.. Lbs.. Gals. Gals. Lbs.. Lbs.. Lbs.. On farms reporting dairy products m 1909 On farms reporting milk produced in 1909 Specifled dairy products, 1909: 85,516 622 80,966 2,065 27,231 58,663 332 39.7 0.2 37.6 1.0 12.6 27.2 0.2 $6,268,386 33,195 60,693,426 904,602 10,007,662 3,407,122 27,113 74,939,815 77,807,161 $6.27 09 Cheese made Milk sold 12 Butter sold 27 Total value of milk, cream, and butter fat sold and but- Specified dairy products, 1899: Butter made 148,294 1,025 65.4 0.5 74,714,376 2,624,552 61,861,692 2,524,917 Lbs. Cheese made Lbs.. Butter sold... . Lbs.. Lbs.. 9,868,446 241,223 0.19 0.10 The number of farms reporting dairy cows on April 15, 1910, was 184,024, but only 168,408 reported dairy in 1909. That there should be this dif- is not surprising. Doubtless some farmers products ference who had dairy cows in 1910 had none in 1909, while other farmers neglected to give information for the preceding year, or were unable to do so, perhaps because the farm was then in other hands. Dairy products in general are somewhat less accurately reported than the principal crops. This is particu- larly the case as regards the quantity of milk produced. The number of farms which made any report of milk produced during 1909 was 132,204 (considerably less than the total number reporting dairy products), and the number of dairy cows on such farms on April 15, 1910, was 1,151,000. The amount of milk reported was 597,363,000 gallons; assuming that there were the same number of cows in 1909 as in 1910, this would represent an average of 519 gallons per cow. In con- sidering this average, however, it should be borne in mind that the quantity of milk reported is probably deficient and that the distinction between dairy and other cows is not always strictly observed in the census returns. By reason of the incompleteness of the returns for milk produced, the Census Bureau has made no attempt to determine the total value of dairy products for 1909. For convenience a partial total has been presented comprising the reported value of milk, cream, and butter fat sold and the reported value of butter and cheese made, whether for home consump- tion or for sale. The total thus obtained for 1909 is $77,807,000, which may be defined as the total value of dairy products exclusive of milk and cream used on the farm producing. About seven-eighths of the milk produced in New York in 1909 was sold as such. A large quantity of milk and cream was sold on the butter fat basis. The butter made on farms was valued at $6,268,000. Comparisons are made between 1909 and 1899 for but few of the census items relating to dairy products, for the reason that in 1899 estimates were made for farms with incomplete reports, which was not done at STATISTICS OF AGRICULTURE. 657 the census of 1910. The figures for milk produced and milk sold are particularly affected, but those for butter and cheese are approximately comparable. The table shows that the amount of butter made in 1909 was less than one-third as great as the amount made in 1899. The production of cheese showed even a greater relative decrease. Wool: 1909 and 1899.— The next table gives statis- tics as to the production of wool on farms, the figures being partly based on estimates: ' Num- ber of farms report- mg. Sheep of shearing age. WOOL PRODUCED. Fleeces (number). Weight (pounds). Value. Sheep of shearing age on farms April 15, 1910 Wool produced, as report- ed, 1909 24,268 20,707 19,053 1,654 606,119 573,611 635,884 37,727 616, 247 1,038,428 422, 181 40.7 3,934,198 3,683,342 250,856 4,235,707 6,674,165 2,438,458 36.5 11,080,318 1,012,073 68, 245 On farms reporting sheep April 15, 1910.. On otlier farms 627,077 Total production of wool (partly estimated): 1909 1, 163, 846 1899 1, 387, 969 Decrease, 1899 to 1909 . 224, 123 16.1 The total number of sheep of shearing age in New York on April 15, 1910, was 606,000, representing a decrease of 38.4 per cent as compared with the num- ber on June 1, 1900 (985,000). The approximate pro- duction of wool during 1909 was 616,000 fleeces, weighing 4,236,000 pounds, and valued at $1,164,000. Of these totals about 7 per cent represents estimates. The number of fleeces produced in 1909 was 40.7 per cent less than in 1899. The average weight per fleece in 1909 was 6.9 pounds, as compared with 6.4 pounds in 1899, and the average value per pound was 27 cents, as compared with 21 cents in 1899. Goat hair and mohair: 1909 and 1899. — Although 719 farmers reported 3,475 goats and kids on their farms April 15, 1910, only 74 reported the production of goat hair or mohair during 1909. These farmers reported 1,598 fleeces, weighing 5,412 pounds, and valued at $1,742. Poultry products: 1909 and 1899. — The total number of fowls on New York farms on April 15, ' Farmers should be able in general to report the production of ■wool more accurately than that of dairy products. There were, however, 5,215 farmers who reported the possession of 79,042 sheep of shearing age on April 15, 1910, without reporting any woolpro- duced in 1909. Probably in a large proportion of cases this failure was due to the fact that they did not have these sheep, or did not occupy the same farm, during the preceding year. The returns of farms reporting wool in 1909 but no sheep of shearing age on April 15, 1910, would partially make up this deficiency, but it is belived that in many cases enumerators, having found that a farm had no sheep in 1910, omitted the inquiry as to wool produced in 1909 and thus missed more or less wool actually produced. It is a fairly safe assumption that the entire production of wool in 1909 bore the same relation to the entire number of sheep of shearmg age on April 15, 1910, as the production of wool on those farms reporting both production and sheep bore to the number of sheep reported on such farms. Statistics for this group of farms are given in the table, and the total wool product, estimated on the basis of the above afisumption, is also given. 1910, was 10,679,000. Of the 193,141 farms report- ing fowls, 17,863 did not report any eggs produced in 1909 and 26,707 did not report any poultry raised in 1909. The production of eggs actually reported for the year 1909 was 67,689,000 dozens, valued at $16,000,000. According to the Twelfth Census reports, the production of eggs in 1899 was 62,097,000 dozens, the value being $8,630,000. The latter figures, however, are somewhat in excess of the actual returns at that census, because they include estimates made to cover those cases where the sched- ules reported fowls on hand without reporting the production of eggs. In order to make the returns for 1909 comparable with those published for 1899 similar estimates have been made, the method of estimate and the justification therefor being substantially the same as in the case of wool. The total production of eggs in 1909, including these estimates, was 72,349,000 dozens, valued at $17,102,000. The total production of poultry in 1909, including estimates made on the same basis as for eggs, was 13,981,000 fowls, valued at $8,403,000. The statement below gives data relative to the pro- duction and sale of eggs and poultry : Number of farms report- ing. Number of fowls on hand. PKODCCT. Quantity. Value. Fowls on farms April 15, 1910 On farms reporting eggs produced in 1909 193,141 175,278 17,863 178,427 10,678,836 10,019,712 669, 124 Eggs produced, as reported, 1909 . Total production of eggs (partly estimated): 1909 Dozens. 67,688,879 72,349,034 62,096,690 10,262,344 16.5 48,074,481 $16,000,173 17,101,732 8,630,062 8,471,670 98.2 1899 Eggs sold, as reported, 1909 Fowls on farms April 15, 1910: On farms reporting poultry raised in 1909 156,807 166,434 26,707 169,967 11,394,611 9,701,716 977,121 Poultry raised, as reported, 1909. Total poultry raised (partly estimated): 1909 JVo. of fowls. 12,701,540 13,980,792 7,634,267 8,403,162 6,161,429 2,241,733 36.4 1899 Increase, 1899 to 1909 Fowls sold, as reported, 1909 107,264 6,806,367 3,766,603 Honey and wax: 1909. — Although, as noted else- where, 15,259 farms reported 156,360 colonies of bees on hand April 15, 1910, 4,863 of these farms, with 16,829 colonies on hand April 15, 1910, made no re- port of honey or wax produced in 1909. The actual returns show the production of 3,191,733 pounds of honey, valued at $376,608, and 43,198 pounds of wax, valued at $13,034; the true totals are doubtless some- what above these figures. Sale or slaughter of domestic animals on farms : 1909 and 1899. — The following statement presents statistics relating to the sale or slaughter of domestic animals 658 SUPPLEMENT FOR NEW YORK. by New York farmers during the year 1909, with cer- taiQ items for 1899. The total valu^ of domestic animals sold during 1909 was $29,334,000, and that of animals slaughtered on farms $9,928,000, making an aggregate of $39,261,000. This total, however, involves considerable duplication, resulting from the resale or slaughter of animals which had been purchased by the farmers during the same year. The value of cattle (including calves) sold dur- ing 1909 represented about 68 per cent of the total value of animals sold. The census of 1900 called for the receipts from the sale of all domestic animals raised on the farms reporting and the total value of those slaughtered during 1899, which amounted, respectively, to $15,- 026,000 and $8,320,000. The item of sales is not closely comparable with that for 1909, when the inquiry covered aU sales whether of animals raised on the farms reporting or elsewhere. It is believed, however, that ia many cases the returns for 1899 also included re- ceipts from sales of animals not actually raised on the farms reporting. FAKMS KEPOKTING. Number of animals. VALUE. Num- ber. Percent of all farms. Total. Aver- age. 1909— AU domestic animals: Sold 129,333,608 9,927,603 5,348,669 1,045,081 14,651,080 1,804,286 4,735,969 53,200 1,882 2,610,546 6,787,517 1,926,552 290,202 5,620 618 15,025,932 8,319,750 Slaughtered Calves: Sold 105,766 26,604 82,443 26,858 20,622 196 22 44,582 107,276 14,765 3,155 114 31 49.1 12.3 38.2 12.5 9.6 0.1 (•) 20.7 49.8 6.8 1.6 0.1 W 814,704 212,962 451,265 68,793 39,652 377 77 407,915 386,264 403,307 61,277 1,085 111 J6.57 Slaughtered 4.91 other cattle: Sold , 32.47 Slaughtered 26.23 Horses: Sold 119.74 Mules: Sold... 141. 11 Asses and burros: Sold 24.44 Swine: Sold 6.40 Slaughtered 17.57 Sheep: Sold... 4.78 5.66 Goats: Sold. . 5.18 4.67 1899— All domestic animals: Soldi. . » Leas than one-tenth of 1 per cent. 2 Schedules called for receipts from sales of animala raised on the farms reporting. CROPS. Summary: 1909 and 1899. — The following table summarizes the census data relative to all of the farm crops of 1909 and 1899. It includes not only general farm crops, but also flowers and plants, nursery prod- ucts, and forest products of farms. In comparing one year with the other it should be borne in mind that acreage is on the whole a better index of the general changes or tendencies of agriculture than either the quantity or the value of the crops, since variations in quantity may be due largely to temporarily favorable or unfavorable chmatic conditions, and variations in the value of the crops are largely affected by changes in prices. (See also discussion of " Total value of farm products.") AU crops. Crops with acieage lepoits Cereals Other grains and seeds Hay and forage Tobacco Hops Sugar crops Sundry minor crops Potatoes and sweet potatoes and yams . other vegetables Flowers and plants and niu-sery products Small liTiits Ciops with no acieage reports . Seeds Fruits and nuts Maple sugar and sirup Forest products of farms Miscellaneous 1909 8,387, 2,602, 119, 5,043, 4, 12, 1, 394, 176, 11, 22, 1899 9, 041, 199 3,125,077 144,205 5,154,965 11,307 27,632 2,067 1,230 395,713 144,318 9,734 25,051 Increase .1 Amount. —653, 468 -522,616 -24,423 -111,592 -7, 198 -15,509 -611 -692 — 1,2S1 31,084 1,925 -2,555 Per cent. —7.2 -16.7 -16.9 -2.2 -63.7 -56.3 -29.6 -60.3 -0.3 21.5 19.8 -10.2 PER CENT OF IMPROVED LAND OCCUPIED. 1909 1899 66.6 17.5 0.8 34.0 m 0.1 m 2.7 1.2 0.1 0.2 58. 20.0 0.9 33.0 0.1 0.2 0.9 0.1 0.2 VALUE OP PRODUCTS. 1909 $209,168,236 174,475,689 43,099,988 3,807,792 77,360,646 402,617 2,597,981 64,289 57,532 20,346,160 15,963,384 7,899,906 2,875,495 34,698,647 161,230 22,024,996 1,240,684 10,365,651 899,986 $149,918,353 127,872,899 34,284,705 2,704,762 55,237,446 1,172,236 1,600,305 75,858 68,063 15,024,723 10,656,058 4,509,780 2,638,363 23,046,064 101,938 8 13,377,105 631,180 7,671,108 264,723 Increase.' Per cent of total. Amount. $59,249,883 46,603,390 8,815,283 1,103,030 22, 123, 199 -769,719 997,676 -11,569 -10,531 5,321,437 6,307,326 3,390,126 337, 132 12,646,493 59,292 8,647,891 609,504 2,694,543 635,263 Per cent. 36.4 25.7 40.8 40.1 -65.7 62.3 -15.3 -16.5 36.4 49.8 75.2 13.3 67.4 58.2 64.6 96.6 35.1 240.0 1909 83.4 20.6 1.8 37.0 0.2 1.2 (?) 7.6 16.6 0.1 10.5 0.6 6.0 0.4 1899 100.0 85.3 22.9 1.8 36. S O.S 1.1 0.1 10.0 7.1 3.0 1.7 14.7 0.1 8.9 0.4 5.1 0.2 i A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease. 2 Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. The total value of crops in 1909 was $209,168,000. Of this amount, 83.4 per cent was contributed by crops for which the acreage as well as the value was reported, the remainder consisting of the value of by-products (straw, garden and grass seeds, etc.) derived from the same land as other crops reported, or of orchard fruits, nuts, forest products, and the like. ' Includes value of raisins and other dried fruits, wine, elder, vinegar, etc. The combined acreage of crops for which acreage was reported was 8,387,731, representing 56.5 per cent of the total improved land in farms (14,844,039 acres). Most of the remaining improved land doubtless con- sisted of improved pasture, land lying fallow, house and farm yards, and land occupied by orchards and vineyards, the acreage for which was not reported. STATISTICS OF AGRICULTURE. 659 The general character of New York agriculture is indicated by the fact that 37 per cent of the total value of crops m 1909 was contributed by hay and forage, 20.6 per cent by the cereals, and 17.3 per cent by potatoes and other vegetables. The remainder, rep- resenting about 25 per cent of the total, consisted mostly of fruits and nuts, of forest products, and of flowers and plants and nursery products. The total value of crops in 1909 was 39.5 per cent greater than that in 1899, this increase being due in large measure to higher prices. There was a decrease of 7.2 per cent in the total acreage of crops for which acreage was reported, the greatest absolute decreases being those for cereals and for hay and forage, whUe the acreage of miscellaneous vegetables showed a con- siderable iucrease. General farm crops, minor grains and seeds, and sundry minor crops: 1879 to 1909. — The following table presents statistics for 1909 regarding cereals, other grains and seeds, hay and forage, potatoes, tobacco, hops, and sundry minor crops: Cereals, total Corn Oats Wheat, total / Common winter '^ < Common spring Durum or macaroni Emmer and spelt Barley Buckwheat Eye Kafir corn and milo maize. . Other grains and seeds with acreage report, total ' Dry edible beans Flaxseed Dry peas Seeds mth no acreage report, total Timothy seed Clover seed Alfalfa seed Millet seed other tame grass seed Flower and garden seeds — Hay and forage, total Timothy alone Timothy and clover mixed. . Clover alone Alfalfa Millet or Hungarian grass. . . other tame or cultivated Wik Said, salt, or prairie grasses. Grains cut green Coarse forage Root forage Potatoes Sweet potatoes and yams . . . Tobacco Hops Sundry minor crops, total s . Ginseng Willows Teasels Farms report- ing. 113, 797 142,313 34,328 33,116 1,275 18 318 18, 217 62,601 19, 517 62 21,181 37 1,681 23 50 339 195, 664 63,343 137, 762 10,963 7,413 6,087 21,862 5,566 13,097 53,069 710 183,813 109 1,356 2,147 Acres harvested. 2,602,461 512,442 1,302,608 289, 130 285,823 3,266 41 1,382 79,956 286,276 130,540 227 119, 782 115,698 68 4,007 5,043,373 1,078,358 2,935,470 87, 267 35,343 17,163 519,940 62,577 47,474 259, 118 663 394,319 113 4,109 12,023 638 405 110 69,239,218 18, 115, 634 34, 795, 277 6,664,121 6,613,741 49, 781 699 33,890 1,922,868 5,691,745 2,010,601 6,082 Amount. Unit. 1, 753, 686 1,681,606 400 71,486 4,791 10,676 247 1,925 340 7, 055, 429 1,159,083 3,215,021 114,864 87,042 31, 147 412,479 63,034 89,294 1,876,795 6,670 48,697,701 10,921 5,345,035 8, 677, 138 667 121,066 Bu... Bu... Bu... Bu... Bu... Bu... Bu... Bu... Bu... Bu... Bu... Bu... Bu.. Bu.. Bu.. Bu.. Bu.. Bu.. Bu.. Bu.. Bu.. Tons. Tons. Tons. Tons. Tons, Tons. Tons. Tons. Tons. Tons. Tons. Bu.. Bu.. Lbs. Lbs. Tons. Lbs.. $43,099,988 11, 439, 169 17,977,156 7,175,523 7,121,215 53, 734 674 22, 110 1,316,117 3, 687, 658 1,578,408 3,948 Value. 3,807,798 3,689,064 837 117, 658 161, 230 10,406 72,823 2,479 1,787 744 72,991 77,360,646 16,944,241 42,630,142 1,413,693 1, 182, 246 333, 704 5,494,699 612,353 897, 468 7,898,063 54, 046 20,338,766 7,394 402,517 2,597,981 57,532 27, 138 19,038 10, 760 1 Includes small amounts of soy beans, peanuts, and sunflower seed, a The entire acreage from which these seeds were secured is believed to be included in the acreage given elsewhere for hay and forage crops, flowers and plants, etc. « Includes small amounts of broom corn and mint and mint oil. The leading crops covered by the table, in the order of their importance, as judged by value, are hay and forage, $77,361,000; potatoes, $20,339,000; oats, $17,977,000; corn, $11,439,000; and wheat, $7,176,000. It should be noted, however, that some of the crops reported elsewhere are more important than com or wheat. The total acreage and total value of aU cereals com- bined are somewhat more than one-half as great as those of hay and forage. Among the cereals, oats stand first in both acreage and value, representing about one-half of their total acreage and two-fifths of their total value. Corn and wheat combined comprise about one-third of the total acreage of all cereals and contribute over two-fifths of their total value. Buck- wheat, rye, and barley, in the order named, rank fourth, fifth, and sixth in both acreage and value. Of the hay and forage crops, "timothy and clover mixed" ranks first in both acreage and value, com- prising considerably over one-half the entire crop. "Timothy alone" makes up about one-fifth. "Other tame or cultivated grasses" ranks third in acreage and fourth in value, while "coarse forage" is fourth in acreage and third in value. The acreage of potatoes exceeds that of wheat and is more than three-fourths as great as that of com, while the value of the potato crop is about three times as great as that of the wheat crop and nearly twice as great as that of the corn crop. The acreage of dry edible beans is slightly less than one-third as great as that of potatoes and the value of the crop about one-sixth as great. Although the acreage of hops is slightly less than one-sixth as great as that of barley, the value of the crop is nearly twice as great. The fluctuations in the acreages of some of the prin- cipal crops during the past 30 years are shown in the following table: ACRES HARVESTED. CKOP TEAK. Com. Oats. Wheat. Buck- wheat. Hay and forage. Potatoes. 1909 612,442 658,652 493,320 779,272 1,302,608 1,329,753 1,417,371 1,261,171 289,130 657,736 462,561 736,611 286,276 289,862 280,029 291,228 5,043,373 6,154,965 5,243,010 4,644,452 394,319 396,640 367,464 340,53i6 1899 1889 1879 All of the cereals here noted show decreases in acreage for the last decade. The fluctuations in the acreages of corn and wheat are strikingly similar. Both had their greatest acreage in 1879 and show a large decrease for the decade 1879-1889, a substan- tial increase during the following decade, and a consid- erable decrease in the last 10 years, the acreage of wheat falling off nearly 50 per cent. The minimum acreage of oats and also of hay and forage was reported in 1879 and the maximum in 1889, since which time there has been a steady decrease. The acreage of buckwheat has fluctuated, but not to any considerable degree, the largest (291,228) having been reported in 1879 and the smallest (280,029) 10 years later, while the acreage of 1899 was somewhat 660 SUPPLEMENT FOR NEW YORK. larger than that reported for 1909. The acreage of potatoes increased steadily at each census from 1879 to 1899, but was somewhat smaller in 1909 than at the preceding census. . The following table shows for 1909 and 1899 the per- centage which the farms reporting specified crops represented of all farms, the percentage of improved land devoted to these crops, and the percentage of in- crease or decrease in the acreage of each crop during the decade, together with the average yields and average values per acre for 1909. CEOP. PEE CENT OF FAEMS EEPOEDNG. PEE CENT OP IMPEOVED LAND. Per cent of increase in acres: 1899 to 1909' AVEEAGE YIELD PEE ACEE. AVEEAGE VALUE PEE ACEE. 1909 1899 1909 1899 1909 1909 Com 52.8 66.0 15.9 8.4 29.0 9.1 90.8 85.3 65.1 70.1 27.6 8.5 28.6 12.4 92.9 86.0 3.5 g.8 1.9 0.5 1.9 0.9 34.0 2.7 4.2 8.5 3.6 0.7 1.9 1.1 33.0 2.5 -22.2 -2.0 -48.2 -28.4 -1.2 -26.4 -2.2 -0.3 35.4 Bu. 26.7 Bu. 23.8 Bu. 24 Bu. 19.9 Bu. 15.4 Bu. 1. 40 Tons. 123.2 Bu. S22. 32 Oats 13.80 Wheat 24 82 Barley 16.46 Buckwheat Rye. . 12.53 12 09 Hay and forage . . . Potatoes 15.34 51 58 1 A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease. Out of every 100 farms, 91 report hay and forage; 85, potatoes; 66, oats; 63, corn; 29, buckwheat; 16, wheat; 9, rye; and 8, barley. With the exception of that for buckwheat, all of these percentages are smaller than in 1899. The eight crops included in the above table cover about 54 per cent of the total acreage of improved land in the state. Hay and forage occupied 34 per cent of the total improved land in 1909, as compared with 33 per cent in 1899. Oats, hay and forage, and potatoes show increases in the proportion of improved land oc- cupied, and corn, wheat, barley, and rye decreases; whUe the proportion for buckwheat remains the same. During the decade the decrease in the total acreage of the cereals was 522,616, or 16.7 per cent; and the de- crease in that of hay and forage, 111,592, or 2.2 per cent. The average yield per acre of corn is exaggerated to a slight extent, because some enumerators reported baskets of ear corn 'as bushels of corn. On this ac- count the figures here given may be revised in later census reports. The average value per acre of all cereals combined is $16.56, corn and wheat being above this average, and oats, barley, buckwheat, and rye below it. The aver- age value per acre of hay and forage is slightly below that of all cereals combined, and less than one-third as great as that of potatoes. Every county, with the exception of Washington, shows a substantial decrease in the acreage of corn. Nearly one-fourth of the acreage of this crop is reported by a group of six counties situated shghtly to the west of the center of the state — Wayne, Cayuga, Monroe, Onondaga, Ontario, and Seneca. The largest acreages of oats are reported from the stretch of counties along Lake Ontario and the St. Lawrence Kiver. Though a slight but general decrease in the acreage of this crop is shown for the state as a whole, more than one-fourth of the counties — the greater number of which are situated in the western half of the state — ^report in- creases. Marked decreases in the acreage of wheat are reported by every county, with the insignificant excep- tion of Richmond. The largest decreases occurred in the western half of the state. Six counties — ^Monroe, Genesee, Niagara, Orleans, Livingston, and Erie — forming a group in the northwestern corner of the state, report more than one-half the total acreage of wheat. Buckwheat shows decreases in acreage as a rule throughout the state. Increases, however, are reported for an irregular stretch of counties extending across the middle of the state, and in one county in the northwestern part. Almost double the acreage of buckwheat reported for any other county is recorded for Steuben. For rye, three counties — ^Albany, Columbia, and Rensselaer — forming a group on the eastern bound- ary, report nearly one-third- of the total acreage. About one-eighth of the acreage of barley is reported from Cayuga County. Three groups of counties re- port the principal decreases in the acreage of hay and forage. One lies in the southwestern comer of the state along Lake Erie; another extends in a narrow belt across the state from about the middle of the southern boundary line to Lake Ontario, then along the St. Lawrence as far north as Franklin County; and the third consists of the counties bordering the Hudson. Nearly one-fourth of the total potato acre- age is reported from five counties — Steuben, Monroe, Ontario, Allegany, and Livingston — forming a row across the middle of the western half of the state. Nearly three-fifths of the acreage of dry edible beans is reported from a group of four counties in the western part of the state, comprising Orleans, Livingston, Monroe, and Genesee. More than five-sixths of the acreage of hops is shown for a group of four counties — Schoharie, Otsego, Oneida, and Madison — ^located in the east central section of the state. Vegetables, flowers and plants, and nursery prod- ucts : 1909 and 1899. — The next table shows details with regard to vegetables (not including potatoes and sweet potatoes and yams, which appear elsewhere), and also with regard to flowers and plants and nursery products. In 1909 the total acreage of potatoes and other vegetables was 569,834, and their value $36,309,544. Excluding (so far as separately reported *) potatoes and sweet potatoes and yams, the acreage of vege- tables was 175,402 and their value $15,963,000, both acreage and value being materially greater than in 1899. The table distinguishes between farms which make the raising of vegetables a business of some im- portance (having produced vegetables valued at $500 or more in 1909) and other farms, on most of which ' It is probable that some of the potatoes and sweet potatoes and yams raised in farm gardens were not reported separately by farm- ers, but were included in their return for vegetables. STATISTICS OF AGRICULTURE. 661 vegetables are raised only for home consumption. There were, in 1909, 4,997 farms in the first class, representing about one-third of the total acreage of vegetables and about one-half of the total value, the average acreage of vegetables per farm for these farms being 11.8 and the average value of product per acre $127.71. FAEMS EEPOETDtO: 1909 ACEES. VALUE OF PEODTJCTS. CBOP. Num- ber. Per cent of all farms. 1909 1899 1909 1899 Vegetables, other than po- tatoes and sweet pota- toes and yams, total. . . Farms reporting a prod- not of $600 or over 1169,651 4,997 164,654 1,398 1,110 288 603 302 306 78.7 2.3 76.4 0.6 0.6 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.1 175,402 59,208 116, 194 2,979 144,318 1,496 $15,963,384 7,561,639 8,401,746 5,148,949 6,110,221 38,728 2,760,967 2,703,443 47,614 $10,666,058 All other farms Flowers and plants, total. . Farms reporting a prod- uct of J260 or over 2,867,673 Nursery products, total Farms reporting a prod- uct of $260 or over 8,680 8,238 1,642,107 All other farms • Does not Include 13,049 farms which reported that they had vegetable gardens, but gave no information as to their products. The raising of flowers and plants and of nursery products is also relatively important in New York, 11,659 acres being devoted to them in 1909, and the output being valued at $7,900,000. Most of the prod- uct was raised on farms where these branches of agri- culture were carried on as an important business. Small fruits: 1909 and 1899. — The following table shows data with regard to small fruits on farms : Num-' berof farms report- ing: 1909 ACBE3. Quantity (quarts): 1909 CROP. 1909 1899 Value: 1909 22,496 6,382 1,951 11,067 2,557 269 277 13 26,0S1 7,311 2,060 12,376 2,694 190 113 407 37,867,829 15,946,863 2,609,861 14,751,940 3,982,389 331,135 327,370 9,281 $2,876,495 14,086 4,882 13,187 7,528 1,696 88 9 1,187,410 Blackberries and dewberries. Raspberries and loganberries. 210,986 1,168,062 264,051 23,427 Cranberries. 20,743 816 Strawberries and raspberries and loganberries are by far the most important small fruits grown in New York, with currants ranking next. The total acreage of small fruits in 1909 was 22,496 and in 1899, 25,051, a decrease of 10.2 per cent. The production in 1909 was 37,858,000 quarts, as compared with 40,376,000 quarts in 1899, and the value $2,875,000, as compared with $2,538,000. Orchard fruits, grapes, nuts, and tropical fruits : 1909 and 1899. — The following table presents data with regard to orchard fruits, grapes, nuts, and tropical fruits. The acreage devoted to these products was not ascertained. In comparing one year with the other the number of trees or vines of bearing age is 75140°— 13 43 on the whole a better index of the general changes or tendencies than the quantity of product, but the data for the censuses of 1910 and 1900 are not closely coyiparable and the product is therefore compared, although variations may be due largely to temporarily favorable or unfavorable cUmatic conditions. TEEES OE VINES OF TEEES OE VINES NOT OF PEODUCT. CEOP. BEAEINO age: 1910 BEAEING AOE: 1910 1909 1899 Farms report- Number. Farms report- mg. Number. Quantity.i Value (dollars). Quantity.! OicbaTd fruits, total . 17,625,093 11,248,203 2,457,187 2,141,596 919,017 673,989 16,050 169,031 20 ■48;667 14,337 26,773 22,083 20,087 767 3,404 2 7,363,614 2,828,615 2,216,907 1,502,661 328,329 342,969 3,637 140,703 3 29,466,291 25,409,324 1,736,483 1,343,089 553,522 271,697 9,805 132,461 20 17,988,894 13,343,028 2,014,088 1,418,218 519,192 544,508 14,490 135,346 25 26,172,310 24,111,257 466,860 960,170 303,688 218,642 15,710 3 95,993 Apples Peaches and nectarines. Pears Plums and prunes Cherries Apricots Quinces Mulberries. . Unclassified 168,667 26,926 85,725 62,024 59,408 2,033 12,280 11 Grapes... 34,266 31,802,097 7,260 3,801,800 253,006,361 3,961,677 247,698,056 Nuts, total.... < 164, 333 456 19,782 36,456 72,976 34,309 28 428 447 198 220 •61,239 139 27,691 5,176 12,841 5,381 4 2,773,858 9,346 465,918 1,519,279 286,227 487,768 • 74,420 858 11,485 21,631 23,689 16,742 3,451,550 Persian or English 81 2,816 4,623 1,797 3,142 Black wal- nuts Butternuts . Chestnuts... Hickory nuts Unclassified It' 83,«1,650 Tropical • fruits (figs)... 12 21 S 26 6 1 Expressed in bushels for orchard fruits and pounds for grapes and nuts. " Included with " vmclassified." 8 Consists of products not separately named by the enumerator, but grouped under the designation "all other." • Includes small amounts of almonds, pecans, hazelnuts, beechnuts, Japanese chestnuts, Japanese walnuts, filberts, and other nuts. The total quantity of orchard fruits produced in 1909 was 29,456,000 bushels, valued at $17,989,000. Apples contributed about six-sevenths of this quantity, peaches and nectarines and pears most of the remainder. The production of grapes in 1909 amounted to 253,006,000 pounds, valued at $3,962,000, and that of nuts to 2,774,000 pounds, valued at $74,000. The production of all orchard fruits together in 1909 was 12. 5. per cent greater than that in 1899, while the production of grapes increased 2. 1 per cerft. The value of orchard fruits increased from $10,542,000 in 1899 to $17,989,000 in 1909, and that of grapes from $2,764,000 in 1899 to $3,962,000 in 1909. It should be noted in this connection that the values for 1899 include the value of more advanced products derived from orchard fruits or grapes, such as cider, vinegar, dried fruits, and the Uke, and may therefore involve some dupU- cation, while the values shown for 1909 relate only to the products in their original condition. The next table shows the quantities of the more advanced products manufactured by farmers from orchard fruits and grapes. Values were not called for on the schedule. 662 SUPPLEMENT FOR NEW YORK. PAEM3 eepoetinq: 1909 QtrANtaTT PBODUCED. Num- ber. Percent of all farms. Unit. 1909 1899 Cider 54,168 13,647 1,823 1,290 25.1 6.3 0.8 0.6 Gals... Gals... Gals... Lbs.... 5,191,221 703,384 346,973 4,385,978 4,697,519 674, 875 Wine and grape juice 290,365 3,658,610 Dried fruits Sugar crops: 1909 and 1899. — The table below shows data with regard to maple trees and their prod- ucts, for sugar beets, and also for sorghum cane, which iu this state is unimportant. The total value of maple sugar and sirup produced in 1909 was $1,241,000, as compared with $631,000 in 1899. FARMS EEPOETING. Acres. PKODUCT. PEODUCT. Num- ber. Per cent ofaU farms. Amount. Unit. Value. Maple sugar and sirup: Total, 1909 26,525 11,278 23,896 20,567 11.8 6.2 11.1 9.1 14,948,784 $1,240,684 Sugar made.. Sirup made.. Total, 1899 3,160,300 993,242 Lbs.... Gals.... 333,638 907,046 631, 180 3,623,640 413,159 10,990 16,003 Lbs.... Gals... Tons... Tons... 307, 184 Sirup made... 323,996 Sugar beets: 19092 376 774 0.2 0.3 1,313 2,053 59,200 1899 76,487 Sorghum cane: Total. 19093 5,089 Cane grown . . Sirup made... Total 1899 56 1 [? 143 641 14 Gals... 7 371 Cane grown.. Piriip TfindA 20 (') 14 105 973 Gals... 371 1 Number of trees. ' Includes cane used as coarse forage. 2 Includes beets used as root forage. * Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. Forest products : 1909 and 1899. — ^The census sched- ules for 1910 called for the "value of all firewood, fencing material, logs, railroad ties, telegraph and tele- phone poles, materials for barrels, bark, naval stores, or other forest products cut or produced in 1909, whether used on farm, sold, or on hand April 15, 1910;" and also, in a separate item, for the "amount received from sale of standing timber in 1909." There were 113,441 farms in New York (52.6 per cent of all farms in the state) which reported forest prod- ucts in 1909, the total value of such products being $10,365,651, as compared with $7,671,108 in 1899, an increase of 35.1 per cent. Of the value in 1909, $5,972,431 was reported as that of products used or to be used on the farms themselves, $3,643,191 as that of products sold or for sale, and $750,029 as the amount received for standing timber. It should be noted that forest products not produced on farms are not included in this report. Miscellaneous crops: 1909. — Straw and cornstalks derived as by-products from the production of grain and corn have a considerable value for feed and other purposes. They are, however, mainly constuned on the farms producing them. The Census Bureau made no attempt to ascertain the total quantity or value of these products, but the schedules called for the quan- tity and value of those sold during the year 1909. The returns show that 11,733 farmers in New York sold, during 1909, 75,722 tons of straw, for which they received $844,484, and that 2,041 farmers sold 9,306 tons of cornstalks and leaves, for which they received $55,324. SELECTED FARM EXPENSES AND KECEIPTS. Farm expenses: 1909 and 1899. — The next table shows the number of farms reporting expenditures for labor, feed, and fertilizer at the census of 1910, as well as the sums expended in 1909 and 1899. 1909 1899 INCEEA3E. EXPENSE. Farms reporting. Amount. Amount. Amount. Number. Percent of all farms. Per ceQt. Labor Feed 146,096 161,962 113,883 67.3 70.5 62.8 $41,312,014 29,546,703 7,142,265 $27,102,130 (') 4,493,050 $14,209,884 52.4 FertiUzer.... 2,649,215 69.0 1 Not reported at the census of 1900. Over two-thirds of the farmers hire labor, the average amount expended by the farmers hiring being $285. During the decade the total expenditure for labor in- creased $14,210,000, or 52.4 per cent. About a fourth of the amount reported as expended for labor is in the form of rent and board. At prior censuses no tabula- tion was made of the number of farmers reporting ex- penditures for labor. Seven fanners out of every ten report some ex- penditure for feed, but only about five out of every ten purchase fertilizer. The total amount reported as paid for fertilizer has increased $2,649,000, or 59 per cent, during the decade, the average per farm reporting being $62.72. Receipts from sale of feedable crops: 1909. — An effort was made at the census of 1910 to secure as complete a statement as possible of the sales as well as of the production of the more important feedable crops (that is, crops ordinarily fed to live stock). The following table summarizes the data reported: FARMS EEPOETING. QUANTITT SOLD. Amount received. CEOP. Number. Percent of all farms. Amount. Unit. Total ¥10,349,967 300,277 1,225,172 206,430 8,618,078 4,987 16,270 2,339 42,272 2.3 7.1 1.1 19.6 427,602 2,314,724 316,085 613,901 Bu Bu Bu Tons... Hay and coarse forage While the total amount expended by New York farms for the purchase of feed in 1909 was $29,546,000, the total receipts from sales of feed by those reporting sales only amounted to $10,350,000. STATISTICS OF AGRICULTURE. 663 COUNTY TABLES. Tables 1 to 6, which follow, present by counties the more important agricultural data collected at the Thirteenth Census, 1910. Table 1 shows the population, number of farms, land and farm area, value of farm property, and num- ber and value of domestic animals and of poultry and bees, as of April 15, 1910. Comparative data for June 1, 1900, are given in italics for certain items. Table 2 gives the number of farms, the farm acreage, and "the value of farm property operated by owners, tenants, and managers, collected as of April 15, 1910. Statistics of farm mortgages are included in this table. (See explanation in text.) Comparative data for June 1, 1900, are given in itaUcs for certain items. Table 3 gives statistics pertaining to the products of Kve stock on farms (dairy products, poultry and eggs, honey and wax, and wool and mohair) ; also the number and value of domestic animals sold or slaugh- tered on farms for the year 1909. Table 4 shows the total value of farm crops and the principal classes thereof, together with the acreage (or trees of bearing age) and production of the prin- cipal crops for the year 1909. Table 5 gives statistics relating to selected farm expenses for 1909 and also shows the receipts from the sale of feedable crops. Table 6 shows the number and value of domestic animals in bams and inclosures not on farms, by classes, together with the number of dairy cows and mature horses and mules, on April 15, 1910. 664 SUPPLEMENT FOR NEW YORK. Table 1.— FARMS AND FARM PROPERTY, [CompaiatlTe data for June 1, 1900, In Italics.] The State. Albany. Allegany. Broome. Cattarau- gus. Cayuga. Chautau- qua. 9,113,614 7,m,S9i 216,597 tie, 7 to 173,666 165,571 3,146 S,tSl 41,412 it,50t 4,937 B,0St 78,809 69,149 4,017 4,410 66,919 65,643 6,017 5,976 67,106 ee.tsi 4,786 5,039 106,126 S8,S14 7,600 7,404 187,629 27,029 939 2,816 326 5 4,668 255 14 3,886 121 10 8,190 667 160 4,227 664 4 6,117 1,376 8 1,424 17,231 16,633 31,047 56,821 38 248 296 453 819 6 387 238 626 1,146 18 246 237 666 1,184 14 494 386 770 1,394 21 420 366 639 1,611 29 695 761 1,389 2,096 61,031 21,901 9,262 1,104 243 922 265 97 8 1,633 705 326 19 3 1,182 416 187 10 1 1,799 747 377 29 7 1,398 346 84 1 1,844 611 168 12 6 30,498,660 22,030,367 21,648,109 14,844,039 IB, 599,986 4,436,145 2,760,183 337,280 289,829 t9S,e56 226! 938 t4S,969 45,699 17,292 670,080 585,616 593,888 373,903 94,628 451,200 411,476 417, Ott 301,970 308,758 86,609 22,896 869,620 669,960 671,561 418,266 417, Its 169,838 91,856 449,920 411,170 3371383 341,950 44,421 29,366 684,160 613,000 614,303 400,723 434,246 122,292 89,988 72.2 67.4 102.2 68.8 85.9 78.3 92.1 72.1 87.4 63.8 118.6 76.7 . 91.2 73.4 102.4 76.2 77.9 62.4 111.3 69.5 91.4 82.1 86.9 70.6 89.6 65.4 81.7 63.4 1,451,481,495 1,069,713,895 36.7 17,742,896 15,866,867 11.8 26,071,862 to, 418,67 4 27.7 16,638,994 15,159,m 9.8 30,276,650 tt, 860, 648 32.4 26,915,448 tt, 471, Sit 19.8 43,738,499 30,837,931 41.8 707,747,828 S51,m,tt0 476,998,001 SS6,959,960 83,644,822 56,006,000 '183,090,844 m, 583,715 6,937,666 6,781,350 7,019,064 6,m,5S0 1,440,249 1,080,910 2,346,017 1,575,077 11,193,848 10,631,560 8,657,609 S,61i,5S0 1,720,672 1,181,640 4,499,733 1,991,954 6,615,429 7,375,650 6,167,230 4,8SS,tS0 1,017,367 784,340 2,838,978 t,116,0tl 14,374,881 11,675,400 9,032,890 6,137,990 1,807,146 I,tt6,t00 6,061,733 S,7tl,0SS 10,612,424 10,757,040 10,113,686 7,671,590 1,973,951 1,394,080 4,216,388 1,649, lot 22,969,656 16,470,490 12,782,746 8,869,090 2,447,146 1,563,600 6,639,053 3,934,751 48.8 32.9 5.8 12.6 39.1 39.6 8.1 13.2 42.9 33.2 6.6 17.3 39.8 37.1 6.1 17.1 47.8 29.8 6.0 16.7 39.4 37.6 7.3 16.7 62.5 29.2 8.6 12.7 6,732 5,495 32.13 t4.H 6,640 4,436 23.94 tl.71 6,281 4,021 19.11 17.90 4,142 3,182 16.08 17.69 6,032 3,890 21.46 17.36 5,625 4,331 25.81 tS.99 8,832 4,767 37.47 16. SI 201,295 174,560,658 2,946 2,183,382 4,629 4,371,684 3,687 2,697,610 5,556 4,900,006 4,559 3,920,238 6,963 5,296,830 2,423,003 1,509,594 138,461 234,728 438,329 58,976 42,915 83,062,242 21,561 13,483 955 1,692 4,748 464 219 701,212 70,131 39,673 3,025 7,916 16,278 2,488 851 2,248,182 45,620 29,648 2,260 4,859 7,116 1,248 489 1,471,032 101,604 59,779 5,632 11,043 20,484 2,965 1,601 2,873,749 43,919 27,199 •2,245 4,091 8,690 1,096 598 1,523,836 88,202 49,648 5,248 9,350 20,161 2,389 1,406 2,723,736 591,008 562,310 25,083 3,615 80,043,302 8,780 8,470 255 55 1,273,692 13,542 12,627 810 105 1,839,085 8,672 8,238 387 47 1,087,782 13,888 13,040 756 92 1,792,192 15,640 14,767 689 84 2,071,776 17,363 16,440 831 92 2,288,348 4,052 3,840 191 21 660,497 13 13 96 86 11 106 100 6 64 68 6 166 149 16 1 27,030 79 75 3 1 2,600 16,200 16,940 9,830 12,630 284 38,262 9 4,186 3 660 1 6 4 660 6 2,060 20,757 10,631 10,226 192,366 666,179 364,375 301,804 5,905,272 13,607 7,734 5,873 114,443 14,062 8,266 6,797 127,481 7,615 4,208 3,407 67,974 17,854 10,600 7,254 169,018 22,635 12,388 10,147 187,448 930,300 606,119 324,181 4,839,661 17,070 10,540 6,530 91,183 24,320 17,317 7,003 135,900 9,600; 6,242 3,358 50,998 9,709 6,171 3,638 64,164 20,958 13,741 7,217 109,230 14,294 9,084 5,210 77,174 3,475 21,432 10,678,836 7,879,388 166,360 646,848 39 252 171,339 160,429 3,036 12,206 132 551 298 2,224 120 1,048 61 258 131 626 187,679 106,643 6,620 21,606 184,377 128,383 3,312 12,985 235,088 142,698 4,927 19,029 360,643 274,673 4,789 20,477 326,621 227,478 3,680 14,745 Fopolation Populaaon in 1900 irnmbei of all farms Number of all farmt in 1900 Color and nativity of farmers: Native white Forelgn-bom white Negro and other nonwhlte Number of farms, classified by size: Under 3 acres 3 to 9 acres 10 to 19 acres 20 to 49 acres 60 to 99 acres 100 to 174 acres 175 to 269 acres 260 to 499 acres 600 to 999 acres 1,000 acres and over LAUD ASD FAKM AREA Approximate land area acres Land In farms acres Land in farms in 1900 acres Improved land In farms ; acres Improved land in farms in 1900 acres Woodland In farms acres Other unimproved land In farms acres Per cent of land area In farms Per cent of farm land Improved Average acres per farm Average Improved acres per farm VAITJE OF FARM PROPEHTT All farm property dollars Allfarm property in 1900 dollars Per cent Increase, 1900-1910 Land dollars Land in 1900 dollars Buildings dollars Buildings in 1900 dollars Implements and machinery dollars ImpUmenls, etc., in 1900 dollars Domestic animals, poultry, and bees dollars Domestic animals, etc., in 1900 dollars Per cent of value of all property in— Land Buildings , Implements and machinery , Domestic animals, poultry, and bees Average values: All property per farm dollars. Land and buildings per farm dollars , Land per acre dollars. Land per acre in 1900 dollars. DOUESTIC ANIUAXS (farms and ranges) Farms reporting domestic animals , Value of domestic animals dollars . Cattle: Total number D airy cows Other cows , Yearling heifers. ^ Calves , , Yearling steers and bulls j . Other steers and bulls Value dollars. Horses: Total number Mature horses Yearling colts Spring colts Value dollars . Males: Total number Mature mules Yearling colts Spring colts Value dollars. Asses and burros: Number Value dollars . Swine: Total number Mature hogs Spring pigs Value dollars Sheep: Total number Earns, ewes, and wethers Spring lambs Value dollars Goats: Number Value dollars POtTLTRT AND BEES Number of poultry of all kinds Value dollars Number of colonies of bees Value dollars ■ Includes $3,950 for "all other animals," as follows: Deer, $60; buffaloes, $3,900. BY COUNTIES: APRIL 15, 1910. STATISTICS OF AGRICULTURE. [Ck)inpaistive data for June 1, 1900, in italics.] 665 Chemung. Chenango. Clinton. Columbia. Cortland. Delaware. Dutchess. Erie. Essex. Franklin. Fulton. Genesee. 1 2 54,662 S4,06S 36,676 Se,688 48,230 43,668 29,249 46,576 87,661 628,986 33,458 45,717 44,634 37,615 47,480 4S,S11 S7,67e 48,413 81,670 433,686 80,707 4£,S63 4S,a4S 34,661 3 4 2,193 B,4SS 4,258 3,608 2,963 2,610 5,044 3,600 8,178 2,274 3,675 1,932 3,256 4,PS S,764 t,9U g,764 6,181 3,637 7,929 2,412 3,721 t,tS4 S,tS6 5 Q 2,074 116 3 13 4,093 3,127 2,599 2,601 4,821> 3,176 6,344 2,140 3,105 1,796 2,545 7 162 481 366 108 213 .406 1,675 134 428 134 615 3 16 9 27 1 17 10 15 18 128 169 86 142 6 3 12 90 8 9 10 11 12 5 2 11 176 297 159 357 199 268 298 692 129 209 101 312 134 203 160 210 165 186 231 817 107 184 122 248 242 416 473 301 300 322 386 1,943 231 567 305 436 605 936 951 368 688 822 608 2,670 446 1,092 514 940 13 14 15 673 1,360 *'*SS 926 810 1,716 1,099 1,460 695 1,062 628 982 257 648 433 606 336 1,057 476 373 345 386 179 240 86 361 232 246 181 693 297 128 261 146 60 76 16 6 39 39 28 13 71 69 9 54 16 3 5 17 2 3 6 6 1 6 8 1 14 7 8 18 260,480 572,160 671,360 412,160 321,920 927,360 515,840 661,760 1,176,040 .1,073,920 330,240 317,440 19 226, 772 539,084 450,324 4S6,8BS 374.415 876,904 299,707 768,131 464,202 671,386 369,008 ■ 429,437 205,845 289,187 20 tss, 97e if,'¥J 808, SS4 796,997 06,463 671,084 401,912 4S9,462 208,887 294,316 21 170, 960 363,507 207,479 294,125 199,260 469,752 341,623 434,875 146,890 199,824 98,781 235,295 22 178, ses S98,60S S14,9S9 801,108 SSS,847 602,086 348,496 4SS,024 162,256 201,981 116,213 242,307 23 49, 222 102,542 118,764 59,774 65,869 237,996 82,452 74,691 152,605 108,042 69,219 29,164 24 6,690 83,036 124,081 20,516 44,688 60,383 40,227 61,820 59,613 121,671 37,845 24,728 25 87.1 94.2 67.1 90:8 93.1 82.8 90.0 86.3 30.6 40.0 62.3 91.1 26 75.4 66.6 46.1 7a 6 66.5 61.2 73.6 76.1 40.9 46.5 48.0 81.4 27 103.4 126.6 124.8 126.4 114.8 152.3 128.9 69.9 167.9 116.9 106.5 89.0 28 78.0 83.0 67.6 99.3 76.3 93.1 94.9 53.2 64.6 64.4 51.1 72.4 29 10,288,587 20,912,060 18,116,645 19,819,369 13,171,013 27,714,855 32,968,710 63,808,399 11,029,202 17,761,227 6,808,265 25,044,508 30 io,esi,7S4 n,BS8,S9S IS, 066, OSS 16,0ei,949 11,009,891 22,068,017 26,028,892 61,697,720 7,882,231 12,913,628 6,834,760 17,298,719 31 0.4 19.2 50.3 31.6 19.6 25.6 31.7 23.7 39.9 37.5 16.7 44.8 32 4,492,931 7,633,465 7,813,316 7,838,337 4,919,232 10,327,717 13,646,989 36,886,444 6,194,615 8,088,515 2,669,010 12,623,552 33 6,437,180 7,819,160 8,081,670 6,460,870 6,SS8,S70 9,849,670 10,899,860 34,212,480 3,671,120 8,473,470 2,608,800 9,438,820 34 3,804,160 7,362,075 6,316,130 8,112,247 4,692,630 10,142,921 13,620,607 17,417,841 3,685,922 5,866,158 2,549,545 7,823,869 35 S, 119,640 6,561,800 8,608,190 6,847,010 8,286,980 7,437,090 10,816,300 11,026,460 2,673,670 8,789,840 2,066,860 6,217,360 36 676,059 1,395,295 1,229,167 1,404,965 897,036 1,651,212 1,870,643 3,637,916 657,703 1,047,965 4li6,7i2 1,650,630 37 661,480 969,160 700,690 966,180 866,070 1,147,4S0 1,380,880 2,247,4S0 441,560 892,920 331,420 897,270 38 1,315,437 4,621,225 2,768,042 2,463,830 2,762,215 » 6, 593, 005 3,931,671 6,866,198 1,491,062 2,748,589 1,133,968 3,046,467 39 1,098,174 S, 198,873 1,784, 48S 1,810,089 1,889,671 4,123,897 2,927,062 4,111,860 1,196,881 1,957,296 882,680 1,746,779 40 43.7 36.0 43.1 39.5 37.3 37.3 41.1 67.8 47.1 45.6 39.1 60.4 41 37.0 35.2 34.9 40.9 34.9 36.6 41.3 27.3 33.4 33.0 37.4 31.2 42 6.6 6.7 6.8 7.1 6.8 6.0 6.7 6.7 6.0 IKS 6.8 6.2 43 1Z8 22.1 15.2 12.4 21.0 20.2 11.9 9.2 13.6 16.7 12.2 44 4,692 4,911 5,021 6,689 5,046 5,495 9,158 7,802 4,850 4,830 3,524 7,706 45 3,783 3,498 3,916 6,383 3,644 4,058 7,646 6,640 3,905 3,797 2,696 6,292 46 19.81 13.97 17.35 20.93 16.41 13.45 29.18 64.66 14.47 18.84 12.92 43.65 47 IIS.4S- 14-40 18.96 li.ie 17.14 11.76 22.30 69.91 8.89 16.07 1S.4S 32.07 48 1,970 3,948 3,466 2,769 2,444 4,761 3,299 7,506 2,139 3,406 1,741 3,062 49 1,240,664 4,437,469 2,690,444 2,320,081 2,646,209 5,410,527 3,699,803 5,635,878 1,445,735 2,683,209 1,079,357 2,915,162 SO 17,229 77,994 40,392 24,400 43,239 113,840 48,351 66,564 18,790 46,108 16,096 21,674 51 11,035 60,711 26,032 16,126 27,427 78,073 31,241 44,331 10,634 28,964 9,835 13,768 52 788 5,377 2,203 1,710 3,270 6,016 5,694 3,423 1,058 1,932 990 1,047 53 1,642 7,144 3,682 2,131 4,264 11,077 4,654 6,264 2,146 3,726 1,608 2,081 54 2,939 12,372 7,989 3,292 6,878 16, 164 6,259 10,236 3,626 9,876 2,896 3,243 55 606 1,360 958 621 699 1,764 779 1,341 801 1,166 385 442 56 319 1,030 528 620 701 1,766 824 969 626 446 382 1,093 57 614,666 2,988,386 1,190,932 831,299 1,676,697 3,657,782 1,938,753 2,364,821 525,135 1,397,352 486,396 801,126 68 6,421 10,493 10,416 9,050 7,033 12,022 10,946 20,839 5,907 9,262 4,064 12,988 69 6,104 10,055 9,676 8,827 6,686 11,582 10,646 19,980 6,534 8,680 3,851 12,271 60 277 397 690 194 321 404 341 728 349 641 198 597 61 40 41 49 2? 27 36 68 131 24 41 15 120 62 648,199 1,338,033 1,310,434 1,244,941 890,897 1,684,680 1,505,709 2,891,072 779,847 1,137,482 543,860 1,766,628 63 64 84- 10 70 82 84 122 177 13 30 8 123 64 61 75 9 67 78 84 122 160 11 26 7 120 65 66 2 1 10,200 9 3 3 1 13,710 16 1 24,870 2 4,650 1 3 i' 1,686 67 i3,m ii,"736' i3,'636' i9,'526' i,'96o' i'm i7,'6is 68 2 130 6,327 6 230 11,663 7 1,092 13,091 6 210 10,626 9 1,530 19,798 11 2,210 23,364 18 940 4,949 5 655 12,893 2 426 4,344 3 69 700 70 4,099 5,233 12,770 71 2,293 3,664 6,862 S'lS? 2,862 5,868 9,209 14,136 2,996 7,026 2,519 7,431 72 1,806 2,663 4,701 6,631 2,381 4,658 10,689 9,228 1,953 5,867 1,826 5,339 73 34,363 62,941 121,003 104,839 43,801 102,279 147,447 203,783 47,922 112,525 38,471 124,064 74 7,003 5,866 11,069 25,229 3,616 9,302 14,719 9,502 19,814 5,233 2,027 38,916 76 4,738 3,799 8,452 15,525 2,042 5,298 8,467 6,667 14,330 3,510 1,290 26,071 76 2,266 2,067 2,617 9,794 1,574 4,004 6,252 2,945 6,484 1,723 737 12,845 77 33,280 34,806 65,814 126,899 20,773 52,165 85,257 48,146 89,518 30,390 8,413 205,518 78 7 9 50 98 36 60 118 206 113 16 15 20 79 46 58 446 281 331 386 1,587 976 473 155 67 112 80 92,712 246,256 98,817 172, 8'9 163,650 239,755 236,074 377,098 61,169 98,495 67, 193 166,902 81 67,696 172,226 61,062 134,682 106, 176 161,947 221,957 309,469 40,574 60,443 49,239 121,688 82 2,240 2,698 1,829 ?'SI^ 2,524 4,646 2,070 6,195 1,035 1,087 1,265 2,339 83 7,087 11,640 6,646 9,067 9,830 20,481 9,811 20,861 4,753 4,937 5,372 9,717 ' Includes deer, valued at 150. 666 SUPPLEMENT FOR NEW YORK. Table 1.— FARMS AND FARM PROPERTY, [Comparative data for June 1, 1900, in Italics.] Greene. Hamilton. Herkimer. Jefferson. Kings. Lewis. Livingston. Madison. 1 30,214 SI, 478 2,654 i,746 2,492 163 9 6 222 170 319 601 815 323 167 25 6 4,373 470 510 43& 45 56,356 11,04$ 3,092 s,m 2,769 322 1 14 257 207 335 635 947 499 179 13 6 80,382 76,748 5,778 6,052 1 5,121 • 657 1,634,351 1,166,682 110 seo 77 33 24,849 27,427 3,343 3,838 2,878 464 1 3 133 133 357 695 1,082 697 301 32 10 38,037 37,069 3,298 3,267 2,858 430 10 22 310 234 341 760 1,038 380 196 20 7 39,289 ? Population in 1900 40,64s 3 ISTmnber of all farms 4,042 4 Nvmber of all farms in 1900 4,1U a Color and nativity of farmers: l^f^tivp w^it*^ 3,692 fi 344 7 6 8 Number of faims, classified b7 size: Under 3 acres 6 37 33 58 117 138 44 28 8 1 15 337 286 540 1,232 1,963 973 377 50 6 52 21 13 16 6 2 13 q 377 in 10 to 19 acres 293 11 621 n 1,066 18 100 to 174 acres 1,097 432 1«) 130 in 13 17 1,000 acres and over IS 19 20 ■"I T.ATTD ASD FABM ABEA Approximate land area , Land in farms Land in farms in 1900 Tmprovod Iftnn in farmf? ...acres.. ...acres.. ...acres.. acres. 411,520 309,124 SS7,909 178,301 B15,69i 83,886 46,937 75.1 57.7 116.5 67.2 1,088,000 56,487 6S,8SS 18,897 gB,917 30,773 6,817 5.2 33.5 120.2 40.2 933,760 371,969 S8S,180 258,695 S7S,m 76,385 36,989 39.8 69.5 120.3 83.6 815,360 732,861 74s, 09S 501,383 526,288 85,631 145,847 89.9 68.4 126.8 86.8 44,800 1,443 11259 5,989 9 175 3.2 87.2 13.1 11.4 812,800 475,033 494,166 241,409 272,866 111,063 122,661 58.4 60.8 142.1 72.2 403,840 389,636 373,660 310,963 301,860 61,083 17,490 96.5 79.8 118.1 94.3 416,000 381,434 388,866 283,266 22 23 24 Impromd land in farms in 1900 Woodland in farms Other imimproved land in farms ..■.acres.. ...acres.. ...acres.. 299,261 54,523 43,646 91.7 ■>(> 74.3 T AvPTRf^^ W1''^PP'^^ ff'.^TTl . 94.4 28 Average improved acres per farm 70.1 29 30 ^1 VALUE OF FARM PROPERTY All farm property All farm property in 1900 '. . . Pnr n«ptr iTiofftfl-'iRj 1 anft-i 91 n .dollars., .dollars.. 14,544,994 ll,S16,m 28.5 5,390,838 4,862,680 6,334,765 i,il9,lS0 980,398 718,290 1,838,993 l,S16,m 37.1 43.6 6.7 12.6 5,480 4,418 17.44 U.S9 1,653,827 900,178 83.7 576,271 sss,ieo 783,450 SS7,iS0 88,875 es,990 205,231 160, i08 34.8 47.4 5.4 12.4 3,619 2,893 10.20 5. SO 19,607,700 15,0it,0ie 30.4 7,662,689 6,878,880 6,955,566 i, 879, 640 1,256,993 810,820 3,732,452 2,477,406 39.1 35.5 .6.4 19.0 6,341 4,728 20.60 17.94 40,095,331 S1,4S2,7SS 27.6 19,494,145 16,94B,020 12,116,568 8,889,560 2,251,206 1,481,8(0 6,233,422 4,m,S26 48.6 30.2 5.6 15.5 6,939 5,471 26.60 22.74 4,605,606 10,704,223 '57.0 3,739,250 8,968,780 739,300 1,185,150 72,515 838,620 64,441 213,693 81.2 16.1 1.6 1.2 41,868 40,714 2,591.30 1,S8S.7B 16,288,674 13,066,380 24.7 6,696,495 6,456,090 5,332,704 3,748,190 1,120,800 702,640 3,138,675 2,160,400 41.1 32.7 6.9 19.3 4,872 3,598 ■ 14.10 13.06 28,696,858 21,728,702 32.1 15,348,406 12,851,960 8,144,652 6,616,100 1,614,973 1,078,260 3,588,827 2,282,382 63.5 28.4 5.6 12.5 8,701 7,l23 39.40 34.S9 20,891,990 16,681,022 33.2 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 Land Land in 1900 Buildings BuiUingsinlOOO Iniplements and machinery rmplement3,etc.,inl900. Domestic animals, poultry, and bees Domestic animals, etc., in 1900 Per cent of value of all property In— Land .dollars., .dollars., .dollars., .dollars., .dollars., .dollars., .dollars., .dollars.. 7,704,457 8,754,610 7,299,580 5,462,660 1,504,834 940,600 4,383,119 2,623,262 36.9 41 Buildings 34.9 ^■J 7.2 41 21.0 44 45 46 47 All property per farm dollars. . Land per acre dollars.. Land per acre in 1900 dollars . . DOMESTIC ANIMALS (farms and ranges) 5,169 3,712 20.20 17.37 2,491 1,724,176 24,571 15,423 772 2,457 4,961 575 383 739,930 6,174 5,982 165 27 857,034 22 22 429 196,649 1,994 1,183 62 243 346 110 50 66,644 816 783 32 1 126,107 2 2 2,928 3,631,565 64,914 40,423 3,877 4,775 13,701 1,168 970 2,369,310 8,213 7,868 307 38 1,144,576 33 38 5,482 6,065,445 107,394 64,856 5,043 9,861 23,607 2,596 1,432 3,618,740 17,746 16,708 892 146 2,192,669 63 44 8 1 7,215 4 1,825 19,818 10,499 9,319 180,134 12,059 7,484. • 4,575 64,816 9 46 62 61,418 114 113 1 3,134 3,080,385 59,116 36,291 3,763 5,184 11,827 1,149 902 1,891,449 8,037 7,711 288 38 1,059,416 4 4 3,032 3,465,228 31,403 17,859 2,162 2,988 6,519 1,035 1,849 1,095,941 13,698 12,700 780 118 1,919,251 123 120 3 3,732 49 'iO Value of Somestio animals Cattle: .dollars.. 4,224,075 59,278 fil Dairy cows.. 36,994 •i' 3,867 7,462 8,564 65 1427 974 57 58 Value Horsea: Total number..... ..dollars.. 6,679 221 221 2,616,191 11,282 50 Mature horsef . - 10,724 60 509 61 SDiinecolts 49 62 6? V*ue Mnles: Total number .dollars.. 44,247 2 2 1,468,716 105 64 101 65 3 1 67 68 Value Asses and burros: ..dollars.. 3,150 2 50 8,245 3,681 4,564 73,005 9,708 5,770 3,938 50,745 40 262 550 9,160 1 2,000 9,754 4,916 4,838 89,673 2,967 1,662 1,296 17,031 12 126 450 1,200 1 400 12,256 6,936 5,320 102,790 5,225 3,277 1,948 25,105 4 25 17,485 7 1,100 13,231 8,284 4,947 123,582 59,794 39,249 20,545 307,168 139 701 17,250 2 Value Swine: Total number ..dollars.. 860 70 377 308 69 3,811 2,515 1,504 1,011 9,513 7 24 15 15 7,760 4,602 3,148 73 Value Sheep: ..dollars.. 105 78,083 7,602 75 4,822 2,780 77 78 Value Goats: Number ..dollars.. 42,898 14 7 37 79 Value POULTRY AND BEES . Jdollars. . 87 80 81 124,076 105,243 2,244 9,574 9,884 7,091 248 1,491 134,528 89,829 2,179 10,758 230,378 146,889 4,574 22,088 3,814 2,963 12 70 98,689 54,581 1,026 3,709 166,149 109,458 3,700 14,141 211,716 148,843 2,753 Value ..dollars.. 83 Value ..dollars. 10,201 STATISTICS OF AGRICULTURE. 667 BY COUNTIES: APRIL 15, 1910— Continued. [Comparative data for June 1, 1900, in italics.] Monroe. Mont- gomery. Nassau. New York. Niagara. Oneida. Onondaga. Ontario. Orange. Orleans. Oswego. Otsego. Putnam. 1 2 283,212 57,667 47,438 83,930 66,448 2,762,622 2,060,600 92,036 74,961 154,157 112,800 200,298 188,736 62,286 49,806 116,001 103,869 32,000 30,164 71,664 70,881 47,216 48,939 14,665 13,787 3 i 5,971 2,189 i,407 1,017 1,668 85 184 4,346 4,366 6,929 7,232 5,770 6,301 4,416 4,328 3,936 3,968 2,780 2,964 6,319 8,914 6,346 6,634 973 S 6 7 4,371 1,691 9 1,883 306 714 299 4 38 47 3,275 1,011 60 6,884 1,033 4,866 865 39 36 600 581 1,129 1,761 3,629 781 3,164 757 2,181 697 5,944 372 3 18 646 678 1,460 1,957 6,164 178 864 117 8 9 10 11 12 61 770 708 1,247 1,799 17 148 126 191 514 61 123 136 318 213 16 29 17 16 3 24 430 370 838 1,531 46 629 558 1,137 1,849 17 405 337 668 1,327 26 428 363 498 852 16 178 224 367 926 20 411 307 614 1,261 1 68 63 166 269 13 14 1,122 199 56 8 1 888 249 52 3 1 120 28 12 5 1 2 945 172 34 2 1,706 684 286 22 12 1,246 293 121 13 1 1,216 323 113 7 3 1,263 360 116 21 9 880 151 38 1,240 348 146 20 6 1,886 665 259 23 244 103 IS 18 2 67 9 17 1 3 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 424,320 385,296 S81,W 344,124 SSB,870 25,049 16,123 254,720 234,041 eS6,9S4 195,262 isoe,s94 25,002 13,777 175,360 55,770 88,462 42,892 69,867 10,693 2,185 40,320 1,965 S,4B1 1,426 2,699 246 293 334,080 305,800 306,466 282,817 279,807 16,398 6,585 800,000 690,431 667,748 466,642 447,369 114,227 119,662 499,840 437,668 463,934 362,182 383,821 44,581 30,895 416,360 387,969 406,003 320,470 318,948 47,356 20,143 533,760 384,145 402,619 266,257 284,093 69,233 48,656 253,440 232,892 237,600 202,362 206,279 16,311 14,219 618,240 491,998 492,936 310,951 319, pi 110,480 70,567 646,760 692,631 612,224 446,731 470,787 120,075 25,726 149,120 109,703 133,899 57,765 70,283 34,055 17,883 25 26 27 28 90.8 89.3 64.5 57.6 91.9 83.4 106.9 89.2 31.8 76.9 64.8 42.2 4.9 72.6 23.1 16.8 91.5 92.6 70.4 65.1 86.3 66.1 99.6 65.9 87.6 82.8 75.8 62.8 93.4 82.6 87.9 72.6 72.0 69.3 97.6 67.7 91.9 86.9 83.8 72.8 79.6 63.2 77.9 49.2 91.8 75.4 110.8 83.6 73.6 62.7 112.7 69.4 29 30 31 59,764,614 io,op,4es 49.3 15,460,547 Ig, 919,081 19.6 43,189,302 18,613,428 132.0 4,675,032 7,960,204 142.5 39,665,809 23,472,630 69.0 38,437,991 26,671,833 44.1 37,291,043 31,733,498 17.5 32,693,635 23,726,960 37.4 35,516,309 24,666,161 44.6 26,651,682 16,691,431 70.3 23,804,161 19,688,148 21.5 26,018,419 21,476,964 21.2 8,851,342 7,726,794 14.6 32 33 34 35 36 37 33 39 33,876,159 es, 704,770 17,710,140' 11,697,480 3,241,619 1,894,660 4,936,696 2,823,643 6,303,804 6,941,600 B, 517, 979 4,608,840 1,120,835 789,990 2,617,929 1,608,661 35,092,645 10,9n,640 6,209,760 906,010 1,022,723 988,288 4,085,600 7,064,600 301,300 688,660 106,840 96,130 81,292 110,824 22,889,971 13,969,900 11,101,340 6,636,980 2,163,604 786,086 3,620,894 2,089,686 15,721,888 12,660,600 13,840,606 8,687,940 2,381,476 1,436,730 6,494,122 3, 987,463 15,964,916 16,474,4110 13,604,205 10,149,940 2,440,906 1,679,100 5,281,017 3,430,038 15,334,969 12,670,620 11,432,230 7,990,630 2,086,403 744,066 3,740,033 2,321,846 15,039,282 10,426,180 13,879,893 9,462,660 1,723,186 1,180,400 4,873,948 3,486,031 14,693,538 8,316,300 7,652,330 4,833,770 1,522,494 936,270 2,683,220 1,607,141 8,989,700 9,482,900 8,706,601 6,082,710 1,766,580 1,167,000 4,341,270 2,876,638 9,700,622 9,437,640 9,455,115 7,360,970 1,802,436 1,223,000 5,060,246 S,414,4S4 4,490,740 3,783,920 3,087,910 2,896,990 345,548 273,300 927,144 793,684 40 41 42 43 56.7 29.6 6.4 8.3 40.8 35.7 7.2 16.3 81.3 14.4 2.0 2.4 89.3 6.6 2.3 1.8 57.7 28.0 5.4 8.9 40.9 36.0 6.2 16.9 42.8 36.5 6.5 14.2 47 35.1 6.4 11.5 42.3 39.1 49 13.7 55.3 28 8 5.7 10.1 37.8 36.6 7.4 18 2 37.3 36.3 69 19.4 50.7 34.9 3.9 10.6 44 45 46 47 10,009 8.639 87.92 6S.1S 7,063 6,401 26.93 S6.08 42,467 40,612 629. 24 124.06 53,824 51,611 2,079.19 2,041-20 9,127 7,821 74.85 46.70 5,547 4,266 22.77 19.10 6,463 5,126 36.48 38.29 7,381 6,061 39.53 31.29 9,026 7,349 39.16 26.90 9,651 8,038 63.09 35.00 3,767 2,800 18 27 19.24 4,867 3,683 16.37 16.60 9,097 7,789 40.94 28. a 48 49 5,631 4,663,352 2,099 2,399,736 925 957,237 68 79,411 4,153 3,334,662 6,423 6,277,666 5,441 5,005,166 4,153 3,549,862 3,659 4,654,754 2, mi 2,581,228 5,847 4,156,892 4,987 4,862,883 890 882,208 60 SI 62 63 64 65 66 57 27,858 17,198 1,618 2,382 4,597 1,063 1,000 1,034,684 36,637 22,804 1,640 3,629 6,725 1,134 605 1,234,434 3,351 2,389 174 286 397 61 44 467 266 37 98 43 20 3 24,051 19,833 13,058 977 1,865 3,208 351 374 711,789 99,811 64,779 6,459 9,228 15,931 1,819 1,595 3,783,392 59,082 36,330 3,726 6,471 10,043 1,624 988 2,351,329 23,019 13,272 1,360 2,232 3,864 1,107 1,194 876,289 65,001 45,882 5,189 6,097 5,973 975 885 2,931,784 12,953 7,247 862 1,058 2,600 439 747 475,365 67,344 40,774 3,145 6,896 14,247 1,480 803 2,309,310 84,116 62,920 6,168 8,645 14,315 1,905 1,163 2,979,691 12,239 8,425 1,066 1,193 1,063 220 282 504,232 58 69 60 61 62 20,639 19,676 784 180 3,233,135 7,639 7,221 327 91 1,065,093 1^7 36 7 759,364 383 380 3 15,510 14,583 738 189 2,300,416 16,252 15,738 470 44 2,263,190 17,128 16,373 676 79 2,351,464 16,620 14,732 746 142 2,132,928 10,723 10,366 293 64 1,619,266 10,924 10,286 621 118 1,681,466 13,629 12,846 629 64 1,682,663 13,268 12,673 619 66 1,668,469 2,195 2,m 16 » 344,234 48,976 63 64 116 105 10 1 17,430 5 4 1 47 47 7 7 205 199 5 1 34,325 75 72 3 95 86 10 134 128 4 2 23,680 44 44 68 53 3 2 10,235 , 63 " 65 7 1 7,775 20 20 42 41 66 67 655 9,610 1,560 10,610 16,110 7,045 3,726 6,630 68 36 695 1 25 3 875 3 150 6 885 14 896 8 710 6 760 4 1,100 13,848 7,863 6,995 121,603 1 5 3 69 70 71 72 73 76 2,392 1,264 1,128 17,690 21,786 11,356 10,430 200,058 . 9,098 4,944 4,164 74,709 2,698 1,620 1,178 20,446 746 576 170 4,734 17,502 9,248 8,254 151,312 18,661 9,126 9,635 181,181 21,453 12,147 9,306 191,062 17,035 9,934 7,101 168,260 8,838 4,477 4,361 72,448 10,960 6,063 4,897 102,022 14,102 7,467 6,635 129,347 74 76 76 77 78 79 30,700 18,546 12,154 176,664 129 796 3,902 2,108 1,794 24,746 21 99 691 368 223 3,387 12 90 28,241 18,459 9,782 135,696 6,510 3,914 2,596 38,881 17,284 10,760 6,624 95,229 18 97 67,602 42,334 25,168 346,521 111 1,299 3,904 2,238 1,666 23,238 26 263 69,866 39,017 20,849 310,777 203 613 6,009 3,916 2,093 34,083 71 368 10,108 6,180 3,928 81,319 60 327 1,220 695 625 10,481 15 66 9 91 64 249 28 262 80 81 82 S3 300,139 260,647 2,724 12,797 143,302 102,959 3,615 15,234 76,618 64,109 207 1,377 2,187 1,876 2 6 261,290 173,021 2,837 13,211 276,646 203,490 3,324 12,966 302,764 258,260 3,979 17,591 243,068 173,779 4,091 16,392 249,061 209,660 1,906 9,634 134,740 95,279 1,703 6,713 261,022 174,806 2,602 9,672 303,901 197,796 2,071 9,568 50,167 43,265 366 1,671 668 SUPPLEMENT FOR NEW YORK. Table 1.— FARMS AND FARM PROPERTY, [ComparatlTe data for June 1, 1900, in ItEdlcs.} Queens. Bensselaer. Blchmond. Bocldand. St. Lawrence. Saratoga. Schenec- tad7. Schoharie. Schuyler. Population Population in 1900.. NambeT of all farms Nujiiber of all farms in 1900 Color and nativity of fanners: Native white Foreign-bom wMte , Negro and other nonwhite irnmbeT of f aims, ciasslfled by size : Under 3 acres 3 to 9 acres 10 to 19 acres 20 to 49 acres , fiO to 99 acres 100 to 174 acres 176 to 269 acres 260 to 499 acres 600 to 999 acres 1,000 acres and over LAITD AND FARM AREA Approxiinate land area acres. Land informs acres. Land in farms in 1900: acres. Improved land In farms acres. Improvei land in farms in 1900 acres. Woodland In Istms acres. Other unimproved land in farms acres. Per cent of land area tn farms Per cent of farm land improved Average acres per farm Average improved acres per farm VALTTE OF FARM PROPERTY All farm property dollars . A II farm property in 1900 dollars. Per cent mcrease, 1900-1910 284,041 ies,999 720 i,m 366 369 6 160 221 112 146 122,276 m,697 3,664 8,868 3,038 608 8 22 298 237 494 1,041 1,065 360 133 21 3 86,969 67,0111 163 190 m 46,873 S8,e98 1,133 939 812 314 7 20 217 216 334 237 76 16 12 89,006 89,083 8,224 8,363 918 3 19 390 302 778 1,840 2,836 1,414 690 48 8 61,917 ei,089 3,611 S,80S 3,112 493 26 220 242 465 1,004 1,163 332 163 20 6 88,236 4e,8S8 1,027 1,194 835 191 1 64 106 310 106 33,865 18,864 3,437 3,238 48 2 12 272 166 274 747 1,220 432 163 12 67,200 14,588 26,649 12,228 Slf866 976 1,384 21.7 83.8 20.3 17.0 424,320 366,642 366,007 246,696 $68,684 76,694 43,262 86.1 67.2 100.0 67.2 30,720 5,320 11,7U 3,867 8,048 740 723 17.3 72.5 32.6 23.7 117,120 52,117 62,060 29,400 32,649 16,770 6,947 44.5 66.4 46.0 25.9 1,728,640 1,061,616 1,088,798 B42,2Si 660,010 160,007 359,286 61.4 51.1 129.1 66.9 626,720 392,186 408,079 245,715 271,136 99,994 46,476 74.5 62.7 108.6 68.0 131,840 106,261 119,677 85,074 96,396 14,262 6,915 80.6 80.1 103.5 82.8 410,880 371,076 387,0^ 267,107 t8S,!26 73,869 40,110 90.3 69.3 112.9 78.2 Land dollars. Land in 1900 dollars. Buildings dollars. Buildings in 1900 dollars. Implements and machinery dollars. Implements, etc., in 1900 dollars. Domestic animals, poultry, and bees . . .dollars. Domestic animals, etc., in 1900 dollars. Per cent of valne of all property in— Land Buildings Implements and machinery Domestic animals, poultry, and bees Average values: All property per farm dollars. Land and buildings per torm dollars. Land per acre dollars. Lana per acre in 1900 dollars. DOMESTIC ANIMALS (farms and ranges) Farms reporting domestic animals Value of domestic animals. dollars. Cattle: Total number Dairy cows Other cows Yearling heifers Calves Yearling steers and bulls Other steers and bulls Value dollars. Horses: To tal number Mature horses Yearling colts Spring colts Value dollars. Mnles? Total number Mature mules Yearling colts Spring colts Value , dollars. Asses and buiros: Number Value dollars . Swine: Total number Mature hogs Spring pigs Value dollars. Sheep : Total number Rams, ewes, and wethers Spring lambs Value dollars. Goats: Number Value dollars. POULTRY AND BEES Number of poultry of all kinds Value dollars. Number of colonies of bees Value dollars. 29,554,662 18,060,960 84.1 25,496,970 11,827,740 3,042,140 2,918,020 499,477 764,640 616,076 650,660 86.3 10.3 1.7 1.7 41,048 39,638 1,747.80 461. 14 18,216,934 16,289,836 19.1 6,417,263 6,122,330 7,692,948 6,266,440 1,391,710 1,048,920 2,715,013 1,862,146 36.2 42.2 7.6 14.9 4,985 3,862 17.56 16.77 3,730,574 4,390,372 115.0 2,838,750 3,228,000 639,700 767,800 113,606 253,870 138,619 140,902 76.1 17.1 3.0 3.7 22,887 21,340 633.60 276.33 11,194,649 6,629,183 5,381,765 2,784,660 4,811,962 2,274,090 461,606 223,810 539,416 366,633 48.1 43.0 4.1 4.8 9,881 8,997 103.26 44-66 49,976,175 36,610,986 22,978,114 18,732,820 16,652,888 10,082,490 2,703,414 1,743,080 8,640,759 6,952,795 46.0 31.3 £.4 17.3 6,077 4,697 21.66 17.53 16,960,106 12,619,250 26.5 6,066,490 6,336,210 6,500,760 4,943,790 1,203,564 817,630 2,189,292 1,622,720 38.0 40.7 7.6 13.7 4,420 8,480 15.47 13.14 7,219,178 14,454,132 6,691,980 12,480,968 29.1 16.0 3,312,785 6,330,306 2,623,370 6,381,490 2,582,380 5,476,104 2,016,160 4,515,820 534,660 1,092,440 377,280 789,820 789,463 2,566,282 676,180 1,774,038 45.9 35.8 7.4 10.9 7,029 6,740 31.18 21.94 37.9 7.6 17.7 4,396 3,286 14.36 14.68 670 506,375 2,048 1,968 13 16 48 3 117, 148 1,914 1,912 1 1 378,784 20 20 3,422 2,664,432 29,694 19,804 1,821 2,836 4,060 699 374 993,725 9,666 9,373 273 20 1,337,347 100 lOO 141 131,465 867 704 10 70 61 15 7 62, 181 378 377 1 73,020 1 1 3,575 828 515 313 6,732 15 11 4 76 11 61 12,989 9,670 14 130 13,366 1 10 12,081 6,068 6,013 98,346 26,190 17,491 7,699 111,471 32 109 184,489 161,085 2,220 9,496 968 471,499 3,612 2,268 309 356 633 95 61 137,897 2,040 2,008 29 3 318,606 1 'i,'675' 7,856 8,400,288 162,262 100,537 7,461 13,280 35,446 3,132 2,417 5,304,654 22,665 21,235 1,281 149 2,694,836 27 27 3,359 2,034,756 25,382 16,224 1,262 2,334 4,879 664 629 817,838 8,116 7,870 217 28 1,066,762 73 71 2 977 733,040 7,721 4,929 236 672 1,677 212 95 258,596 3,162 3,046 93 24 428,430 11 11 3,068 2,406,600 40,743 26,138 1,833 3,951 7,173 1,099 549 1,263,536 8,237 7,919 270 48 990,987 17 17 1 20 712 '292 420 6,117 16 15 1 77 4,781 6,088 295 2,066 18 630 1,200 698 602 9,311 421 305 116 3,278 34 303 71,792 65,665 443 2,252 3,075 2 65 33,936 16,637 17,398 289,789 18,613 11, 196 7,317 107, 192 120 777 315,991 216,997 5,369 23,474 11,830 1 50 10,612 5,068 5,544 87,677 11,483 6,721 4,762 50,606 21 94 178,318 146,328 1,835 8,208 1,625 1 100 2,962 1,459 1,493 25,844 3,601 2,076 1,426 18,415 3 30 62,771 50,484 1,431 5,939 2,850 2 50 9,645 ' 6,438 4,207 86,923 11,422 6,938 4,484 62,218 191,463 127,364 6,133 23,318 14,004 16,811 1,920 2,103 53 1 125 126 211 566 644 191 62 6 215,040 190,032 198,718 150,464 168,991 32,361 7,217 88.4 79.2 99.0 78.4 9,263,801 8,377,613 10.6 3,840,310 3,984,810 3,553,380 2,903,990 661,306 638,960. 1,218,806 41.6 38.4 7.0 13.2 4,825 3,861 20.21 20.16 1,772 1,165,878 10,127 5,946 427 1,141 1,961 416 247 315,425 5,392 6,090 270 32 667,213 44 40 3 1 7,170 2 700 6,401 2,774 2,627 44,186 22,982 16,693 7,289 120,450 132 735 88,114 67,385 1,929 5,542 > Decrease. STATISTICS OF AGRICULTURE. 669 BY COUNTIES: APRIL 15, 1910— Continued. [ComparatlTe data lor June 1, 1900, in Italics.] Seneca. Steuben. Suflolk. Sullivan. Tioga. Tompkins. Ulster. Warren. Washing- ton. Wayne. West- chester. Wyoming. Yates. 1 2 26,972 83,362 96,138 33,808 26,624 33,647 91,769 32,223 47,778 50,179 ■ 283,055 31,880 18,642 18, 114 SB, 822 77,582 S2,S06 27,951 33,830 88,4^2 29,943 46,624 48,660 184,257 30,413 20,318 3 4 2,086 7,363 2,491 3,851 2,844 2,988 5,022 1,866 3,564 5,237 1,880 3,529 2,288 I, SOS 8,173 S,277 S,887 S,1S4 S,270 6,184 2,121 S,715 6,286 2,326 3,519 2,604 5 6 7 1,903 7,051 1,860 3,004 2,770 2,861 i,2n 1,774 3,260 4,173 1,464 3,104 2,030 179 304 621 846 67 120 738 91 309 1,055 418 424 254 3 5 8 23 10 33 J 1 3 7 4 7 7 13 25 5 6 9 14 8 52 1 8 4 g 5 5 9 179 429 188 163 177 233 481 81 233 469 241 218 228 10 130 368 392 164 133 194 450 83 196 522 217 207 207 11 244 721 868 530 386 398 928 198 326 1,127 425 369 310 12 66S 1,984 618 1,272 826 968 1,412 497 775 1,829 445 1,026 674 13 668 2,609 252 1,205 872 884 1,118 568 1,249 1,040 306 1,158 611 14 154 892 76 337 328 236 362 239 493 187 119 408 178 15 46 301 39 134 103 73 183 161 244 46 64 122 68 16 3 45 23 32 14 6 39 25 39 2 18 12 7 17 1 1 12 21 1 24 8 3 1 3 1 18 216,040 896,640 691,360 641,280 332,800 304,640 729,600 662,660 535,680 ^-^83,360 286,720 384,640 219,620 19 191,105 818,373 178.063 451,216 298,463 273,022 496,706 250,349 446,456 367,860 145,837 373,444 204,214 20 194,591 82S,SS4 276,860 478,783 305,061 285,721 622,113 286,94s 464, eo2 363,211 184,512 367,894 203,568 21 166,680 599,303 95,686 192,881 227,446 215,679 242,348 100,169 313,564 300,298 90,672 265,387 166,874 22 169,186 810,181 130, lU 201,032 233,907 230, 54s 254,310 127,763 314,993 305,299 124,916 31,451 270,374 57,538 168,486 23 17,832 168,374 68,398 194,897 61,193 41,353 207,293 114,863 93,666 31,685 29,007 24 6,693 50,696 24,079 63,438 9,824 16,990 47,064 35,327 39,326 25,977 23,714 50,619 8,333 25 88.9 91.3 30.1 70.4 89.7 89.6 68.1 44.6 83.3 93.3 50.9 97.1 93.0 26 87.2 73.2 63.7 42.7 76.2 79.0 48.8 40.0 70.2 83.9 62.2 71.1 81.7 27 91.7 111.1 71.6 117.2 104.9 91.4 98.9 134.2 126.3 68.3 77.6 105.8 89.3 28 79.9 81.4 38.4 60.1 80.0 72.2 48.3 63.7 88.0 57.3 48.2 75.2 72.9 29 14,689,014 37,369,643 33,637,021 19,628,466 11,086,489 14,898,795 29,439,672 6,689,380 18,459,934 34,481,902 66,166,044 23,178,376 15,576,703 30 11,048,947 32,770,584 23,688,895 12,474,1U 9,844,305 12,735,398 18,314,798 4,341,539 14,964,433 23,671,797 30,428,648 16,288,099 12,133,268 31 32.0 14.0 41.6 67.4 12.6 17.0 60.7 51.8 23.4 45.7 117.4 42.3 28.4 32 6,725,088 16,877,117 22,074,192 7,136,320 4,263,757 6,943,219 11,748,105 7,864,510 2,980,818 6,976,181 16,378,468 43,397,970 10,825,513 7,335,217 33 6,414,960 17,868,180 12,684,600 4,922,860 4,303,630 5,973,890 1,829,730 6,411,260 12,167,630 16,884,890 8,608,380 6,523,200 34 5,118,960 12,668,650 8,666,954 9,136,015 4,069,730 5,749,201 12,932,390 2,408,619 6,966,470 12,081,306 19,062,340 7,407,707 6,636,605 35 S,778,4S0 9, SOS, 860 8, 597,6^0 5,032,350 3,398,560 4,351,570 7,278,590 1,578,950 5,672,510 7,782,760 10,606,110 4,626,840 3,770,120 36 986,004 2,652,839 1,181,898 1,119,938 827,679 1,076,402 1,764,365 418,314 1,288,068 2,225,307 1,563,007 1,526,770 1,025,231 37 679,190 1,94£,S10 943,850 743,800 621,440 820,790 1,121,880 278,620 880,710 1,377,090 981,070 908,560 740,690 38 1,758,962 •6,171,137 1,624,977 2,236,193 1,934,323 2,129,973 2,994,822 781,729 3,239,216 3,796,821 2,132,727 3,418,386 1,679,650 39 l,lSe,287 S, 661,234 1,462,775 1, 775, 1S4 1,520,675 1,589,148 2,059,818 664,339 2,099,963 2,3U,S27 1,956,578 2,144,329 1,099,258 40 46.1 46.2 65.8 36.4 38.5 39.9 39.9 45.2 37.8 47.5 65.6 46.7 47.1 41 36.1 33. 9- 25.8 46.6 36.6 38.6 43.9 36.6 37.7 35.0 28.8 32.0 35.5 42 6.8 7.1 3.5 6.7 7.5 7.2 6.0 6.3 7.0 6.5 2.4 6.6 6.6 43 12.1 13.8 4.8 11.4 17.4 14.3 10.2 11.9 17.6 11.0 3.2 14.7 10.8 44 6,997 5,075 13,463 5,097 3,898 4,986 6,862 3,633 5,180 6,584 35,189 6,568 6,808 45 5,681 4,013 12,336 4,225 2,927 3,913 4,914 2,890 3.909 5,434 33,224 6,167 6,626 46 35.19 20.62 123.97 15.82 14.29 21.77 23.65 11.91 16.63 45.77 297.58 28.99 35.92 47 B8.0S 21.64 45.82 10.28 14.11 20.91 IS. 04 6.S8 14.11 SS.SO 91.51 SS.Jfl 32.04 48 2,004 6,810 2,364 3,666 2,639 2,800 4,654 1,717 3,372 4,941 1,661 3,334 2,139 49 1,650,816 4,960,256 1,408,047 2,049,637 1,813,857 1,991,275 2,749,096 743,824 3,058,970 3,548,621 1,986,083 3,308,564 1,589,913 50 12,649 65,480 9,666 35,814 26,913 24,220 38,321 8,630 46,760 32,867 17,798 45,217 10,303 51 7,439 37,699 6,996 21,230 16,430 15, 008 23,066 6,397 28,169 20,645 11,475 28,066 5,566 52 879 2,612 660 2,746 1,646 1,431 3,163 402 2,497 1,530 1,414 1,842 757 53 1,134 6,81^ 14,773 1,074 4,036 3,223 2,369 3,795 866 4,379 2,389 1,841 4,797 936 64 2,014 1,615 6,672 4,366 4,413 6,298 1,400 9,791 7,193 2,182 8,638 1,988 55 691 2,677 289 1,095 804 660 952 338 1,349 600 438 1,036 606 66 692 1,202 132 1,036 445 439 1,060 227 676 610 448 838 650 67 421,647 1,886,805 379,541 1,000,256 883,694 807,666 1,246,676 240,013 1,453,921 1,121,616 853,414 1,480,140 336,724 58 7,879 20,606 6,347 7,216 6,619 8,120 9,724 3,221 10,070 15,373 5,392 11,732 7,270 59 7,365 19,226 6,273 6,823 6,191 7,718 9,576 3,066 9,614 14,690 5,274 11,117 6,851 60 414 1,130 66 321 382 361 127 147 423 679 90 561 346 61 100 150 8 71 46 61 21 8 33 104 28 64 73 62 1,039,821 2,613,884 904,696 946,919 798,691 991,995 1,354,656 428,997 1,337,332 2,099,853 1,062,720 1,686,543 984,895 63 60 237 147 46 95 78 65 11 18 132 78 66 67 64 60 221 147 44 84 74 65 11 18 127 75 64 63 6S 66 67 15 1 42,443 2 9 2 14,320 4 4 1 22,230 3 1 4 8,n6' 23," 766" 7," 550" 13," 346' 16," ids' i,'656" 2."476" 'i4,'449" ii,'826' io,hko 68 2 10 4 3 1 2 7 4 3 4 17 1 5 69 75 2,615 160 190 1,000 20 240 160 95 750 1,100 200 2,150 70 9,832 6,081 3,751 88,980 17,740 9,946 7,462 4,632 8,928 14,843 2,070 12,859 20,749 5,430 10,487 7,884 71 10,731 6,979 4,664 2,381 4,728 7,385 1,423 6,497 11,112 3,590 6,258 4,539 72 7,009 3,966 2,898 2,251 4,200 7,458 647 6,362 9,637 1,840 4,229 3,345 73 154,381 83,892 63,843 45,963 75, 660 109,186 21,462 105,056 183,360 53,466 103,814 74,303 74 15,314 9,989 5,325 91,595 63,161 3,647 6,558 13,093 19,644 6,721 12,111 36,752 24,587 1,140 24,531 36,664 75 38,957 2,795 3,754 8,293 12,021 3,147 8,652 25,662 15,514 745 17,084 23,684 76 77 14,204 260,165 852 2,804 4,800 7,623 2,574 3,459 11,090 9,073 395 7,447 12,970 15,167 31,658 70,144 102,605 28,084 51,457 160,071 120,410 10,468 125,906 181,244 78 79 18 212 115 35 7 2 37 22 3 94 41 28 4 88 973 836 222 55 9 219 85 20 302 466 141 17 80 128,791 92,957 296,172 305,844 200,742 168,031 183,706 266,195 48,364 167,477 343,400 138,296 158,211 125,644 81 183,907 216,276 173,691 110,638 124,017 231,448 32,993 168,347 238,364 139,921 94,699 82,298 82 83 3,084 15,189 7,676 111 2,570 2,820 4,536 2,735 816 2,890 ^2,433 — 1,090 3,579 2,142 23,074 654 12,866 9,828 14,681 14,278 4,912 11,898 9,946 6,723 15,223 7,439 ' iDOlndes buffaloes, valued at (3,900. 670 SUPPLEMENT FOR NEW YORK. Table 2.— NUMBER, ACREAGE, AND VALUE OF FARMS CLASSIFIED BY TENURE; COLOR [Comparative data for June 1, 1900, In Italics.] 27 FAKUS OPERATED BY OWNERS Number of farms Number of farms to 1900 Per cent of all farms Per cent of all farms to 1900 Land infanns., acres.. Improved land in farms acres.. Value of land and buildings dollars Degree of ownership: Farms consisting of owned land only Farms consisting of owned and hired land Color and nativity of owners: Native white Foreign-bom white Negro and other nonwhite FARMS OPERATED BY TENANTS Number of farms Nuniber of farms in 1900 Per cent of all farms Per cent of all farms in 1900 Land In farms acres.. Improved land in farms acres. . Value of land and buildings dollars Form of tenancy: Share tenants Share-cash tenants Cash tenants Tenure not specified Color and nativity of tenants: Native white Foreign-bom white Negro and other nonwhite , FARMS OPERATED BY MANAGERS Number of farms , Number of farms in 1900 Land in farms acres. . Improved land in farms acre^.. Value of land and buildings dollars MORTGAGE DEBT REPORTS i For all farms operated by owners: Number free from mortgage debt Number with mortgage debt Number with no mortgage report For farms consisting of owned land only: Number reporting debt and amount Value of their land and buildings dollars Amount of mortgage debt dollars Per cent of value of land and buildings The State. 166,674 168,098 77.3 714 15,824,840 10,606,167 797,712,874 152,343 14,331 144,850 21,016 44,872 Si, SOS 20.8 13.9 5,367,061 3,806,946 298,018,035 23,086 1,013 18,519 2,254 39,389 5,366 117 4,061 S,S19 838,476 431,936 89,015,220 93,118 72,311 1,245 62,655 284,669,163 97,309,848 34.2 Albany. 2,348 s,sos 74.6 70. S 206, 127 161, 948 1,717,455 2,210 138 2,096 249 3 733 935 23.3 S8.S 76,562 59,062 1,308,875 207 4 361 161 668 64 1 65 43 . 8,140 5,938 930,300 1,463 849 748 3,122,135 1,088,220 34.9 Allegany. 3,797 S,7SS 76.9 73. e 413,142 266,847 14,646,022 3,292 SOS 3,659 225 13 1,106 i,m7 22.4 Sl.S 165,681 102,923 5,039,735 761 28 279 38 1,076 29 1 34 SB 6,892 4,133 266,700 2,195 1,581 21 1,272 4,696,079 1,666,983 35.6 Broome. 3,301 S,3SS 82.2 75.6 323,622 236,908 10,011,199 2,968 3,187 109 6 16.4 79,182 68, 766 2,241,060 312 17 314 17 643 12 6 66 S« 8,671 6,306 630,400 1,783 1,500 18 3,788,130 1,371,956 36.2 Cattarau- gus. 4,850 4,661 80.6 78.1 495,697 308,801 17,898,979 4,501 349 4,108 690 152 1,103 i,esB 18.3 S0.7 163,602 102,324 5,031,992 15 413 72 1,024 72 7 64 76 10,861 7,141 476,800 2,590 2,144 116 1,884 7,103,366 2,501,406 36.2 Cayuga. 3,492 3,689 73.0 71.2 274,496 226,902 14,305,384 3,088 404 3,060 430 2 1,235 1,399 25.8 S7.8 129,934 104,887 5,902,725 793 41 362 39 1,118 115 2 68 ei 6,740 5,594 518,000 1,833 1,648 11 1,369 5,499,529 2,044,643 37.2 Chautau- qua. 6,249 S,846 83.3 79.0 473,543 309,232 18,214,880 5,770 479 5,005 1,236 8 1,135 i,4ss 16.1 19.3 122,990 79,114 5,721,896 509 26 631 70 1,012 123 116 lie 16,467 12,377 1,815,625 3,350 2,871 2,544 10,881,662 3,634,640 33.4 1 No mortgage reports were secured for farms operated by tenants and managers. (See explanation in text.) Table 3.— LIVE STOCK PRODUCTS, AND DOMESTIC ANIMALS LIVE STOCK PRODUCTS Dairy Products Dairy cows on farms reporting dairy products number. Dairy cows on farms reporting milk produced number. Milk— Produced gallons. . Sold gallons. . Cream sold gallons. . Butter fat sold pounds . Butter— Produced pounds . Sold pounds . Cheese — Produced pounds . Sold poimds . Value of dairy products, excluding home use of milk and cream . . . dollars . . Receipts from sale of dairy products dollars . . Poultry Products Poultry— Raised number. Sold number. Eggs — Produced dozens . . Sold dozens . . Value of poultry and eggs produced dollars . . Receipts from sale of poultry and eggs dollars . . Honey and Wax Honey produced pounds . Wax produced pounds . Value of honey and wax produced dollars. . Wool, Mohair, and Goat Hair Wool, fleeces shorn number. Mohair and goat hair, fleeces shorn number. Value of wool and mohair produced dollars.. DOMESTIC ANIMALS SOLD OR SLAUGHTERED Calves — Sold or slaughtered number. Other cattle— Sold or slaughtered number. Horses, mules, and asses and burros— Sold number. Swine— Sold or slaughtered number. Sheep and goats— Sold or slaughtered number. Receipts from sale of animals dollars . . Value of animals slaughtered dollars . . 1,439,026 1,161,284 697,363,198 624,279,723 1,207,174 36,249,617 23,461,702 12,630,113 390,049 334,301 77,807,161 74,939,815 12,701,540 5,806,367 67,688,879 48,074,481 23,634,440 15,161,114 3,191,733 43, 198 389,642 673,611 1,598 1,082,060 1,027,666 620,068 40,006 794,179 466,780 29,333,508 9,927,603 12,749 8,322 4,602,221 1,971,396 6,826 1,196,016 366,129 188,288 6,856 4,419 821,380 775,777 213,924 106,360 1,120,282 817, 200 426,863 281,296 86,643 1,135 10,600 9,397 2 19,127 8,390 7,621 425 13,764 9,876 283,929 221,764 37,870 27,612 13,668,109 14,799,612 12,859 426,311 635,177 238,761 11,168 11,148 1,748,646 1,669,487 191, 472 81,813 1,181,871 820,678 354,346 224,465 82,886 1,393 9,950 17,506 30 33,033 23,664 12,886 1,003 17,216 11,140 752,294 150,028 28,031 23,728 12,857,144 11,381,529 2,213 647,404 410,291 269,695 2,964 2,940 1,602,869 1,661,746 182,964 93,693 1,318,670 1,023,682 417,200 300,513 40,546 641 4,962 5,646 7 9,519 19,579 10,680 646 9,635 4,562 404,461 169,580 56,672 44,383 21,911,772 23,000,171 158,045 506,298 649,026 292,327 350 300 2,678,930 2,608,086 268,138 120, 434 1,660,879 1,214,024 501, 101 336,580 84,012 635 10,214 5,108 778 10,157 35,027 16,896 1,077 22,032 3,981 826,973 209,434 26,300 21,087 10,883,667 6,104,870 14,057 1,882,082 347,745 188, 141 7,286 6,236 1,295,343 1,251,408 347,194 160,673 2,306,131 1,859,668 771,994 656,862 154,449 2,093 16,747 12,107 22 23,108 27,748 11,329 666 27,607 6,630 715,066 296,009 46,454 34,780 16,381,694 12,747,082 46,115 2,438,844 482,765 239,664 6,476 3,913 2,097,464 2,034,465 340,403 154,664 2,268,626 1,710,657 693,977 466,899 82,852 541 9,618 7,740 3 14,153 25,869 19,729 1,684 27,915 7,202 1,126,255 355,164 STATISTICS OF AGRICULTURE. 671 AND NATIVITY OF FARMERS; AND MORTGAGE DEBT, BY COUNTIES: APRIL 15, 1910. [Ckimparative data lor June 1, 1900, in italics.] Cliemung. Clienango. Clinton. Columbia. Cortland. Delaware. Dutoiiess. Erie. Essex. Franklin. Fulton. Genesee. 1 2 3 4 1,628 1,721 74.2 3,367 3,009 2,316 2,044 4,286 2,715 6,082 1,940 3,046 1,651 2,406 S,Sli t,S98 1,119 1,950 4,256 2,470 6,786 2,017 2,975 1,8S0 2,S45 83.4 78.2 78.3 85.0 75.4 74.4 85.3 82.9 85.5 74.0 n.1 79.e 7B.0 70.8 81. S 69.8 7S.0 8S.6 80.0 81.9 71.4 S 6 7 156,583 393,645 371,604 265,367 214,464 643,675 312,981 394,865 282,897 311,103 174,040 193,088 259, 015 166,926 210,991 145,226 392,707 233,219 300,548 119, 165 156,943 80,634 158,061 11,259,365 10,668,825 11,758,017 7,062,067 17,274,397 16,857,196 34,407,158 6,368,407 10,550,888 4,241,665 14,017,516 8 9 1,405 3,049 2,851 2,171 1,826 4,151 2,585 5,337 1,884 2,889 1,598 2,123 223 318 158 146 218 135 130 745 56 157 53 283 10 11 1,526 ''?^ 2,594 2,014 1,949 4,077 2,411 4,697 1,821 2,555 1,525 1,827 99 134 415 296 94 199 ■ 296 1,229 119 352 125 492 3 3 6 1 10 8 156 139 1 87 13 530 841 676 538 546 694 681 1,943 260 572 257 801 702 1,097 7S4 7S6 77S 898 898 2,018 SS7 697 S75 90B lb 24.2 19.8 16.0 18.2 20.9 13.8 18.9 23.8 11.4 15.6 13.3 24.6 lb 28.8 u.e 19. S 25.0 28.1 17.2 25. S 25.5 14.0 18.7 16.8 27.5 17 64,499 134,269 69,280 84,024 79,722 109,623 104,937 156,060 39,858 69,939 28,846 90,650 18 49,337 88,084 37,288 66,787 60,366 68,169 76,900 119,482 17,652 38,424 16,586 74,603 19 2,250,065 3,262,385 2,295,670 2,904,115 2,141,095 2,631,040 4,867,649 16,449,457 928,800 2,346,935 839,290 6,051,020 20 388 359 278 291 244 91 180 392 97 173 97 575 21 6 15 31 8 19 6 ' 25 61 16 11 4 20 22 116 420 232 232 268 563 455 1,324 127 364 120 192 23 20 47 35 7 15 34 21 176 20 24 36 14 24 515 815 514 493 633 682 597 1,534 250 601 246 681 26 15 26 62 42 13 12 74 '406 10 68 9 118 ?R 3 10 3 3 2 2 27 35 60 23 109 20 64 204 153 74 57 24 43 28 IB 61 SB 89 SI 78 171 12S 58 49 29 S8 29 5,690 11,170 9,440 25,034 5,521 14,933 46,284 20,461 36,253 48,395 2,959 5,449 3U 3,080 6,408 3,265 16,347 3,658 8,876 32, 404 14,845 10,083 4,457 1,561 4,631 31 461,416 373,790 1,164,951 1,288,452 308,600 565,201 5,441,651 3,447,670 1,583,230 1,056,850 127,600 378,875 32 969 1,727 1,890 1,261 1,104 1,859 1,654 3,533 1,463 1,766 1,066 1,137 33 641 1,620 1,109 1,048 935 2,408 1,123 2,477 475 1,271 674 1,258 34 18 20 10 7 5 19 38 72 2 9 11 11 35 516 1,385 997 929 795 2,156 1,027 1,986 443 1,158 522 1,044 36 1,808,840 4,612,330 3,526,910 4,558,070 2,692,700 8,813,975 5,728,683 9,711,875 1,554,660 4,083,725 1,422,485 5,956,265 37 611,043 1,770,623 1,151,121 1,551,139 1,042,063 3,658,623 1,924,690 3,076,116 441,247 1,405,180 619,778 2,202,763 38 33.8 39.2 32.6 34.0 38.7 41.5 33.6 31.7 28.4 84. 4 36.5 37.0 SOLD OR SLAUGHTERED ON FARMS, BY COUNTIES: 1909. 1 10,419 48,084 24,044 15,295 26,012 76,039 29,485 42,076 9,-750 27,884 9,602 13,088 2 7,992 40,790 17,217 10,585 21,073 62,674 23,699 34,753 7,226 21,236 8,135 10,999 3 4,015,752 24,059,054 7,011,960 6,098,779 12,104,773 33,004,538 14,305,855 19,171,359 3,379,292 9,330,800 3,746,189 5,512,372 4 2,822,595 25,190,489 6,189,849 3,760,114 13,740,015 33,721,025 12,942,250 16,391,934 785,141 7,817,924 1,978,035 3,154,254 5 11,753 2,001 63,981 21, 513 4,143 34,266 47,597 11,0'6 12,516 30,639 2,658 17,917 6 435,633 537,241 468,522 90,011 216,367 1,584,548 431,094 1,082,351 454,400 1,052,671 6,200 369,541 7 182,373 128,452 406,131 790,296 144,343 349,130 434,589 636,829 361,867 318,201 643,935 589,931 8 92,849 65,671 202,019 529,089 85,279 211,565 254,505 344,268 165,231 171,668 447, 732 338,455 9 10 11 6,200 300 50 230 165 540 1,824 142, 251 1,000 1,000 652,155 300 2,975,681 90 783,802 25 1,695,671 540 4,762,996 1,824 2,131,838 134, 751 2,403,204 545,202 838,445 355,503 1,174,737 437,818 12 521,565 2,957,886 779,834 714,274 1,578,776 4,724,951 2,084,655 2,323,714 303,983 1,135,644 383,131 592,060 IS 112,411 202,613 126,417 217,783 130,704 241,908 326,621 673,518 84,594 138,314 88,256 194,188 111 51,979 98,378 46,303 77,658 57,501 101,181 123,425 329,684 36,418 71,879 41,502 81,720 Ti 631,442 1,778,267 551,380 1,002,218 1,033,049 1,743,357 1,482,737 2,313,762 347,771 582,956 415,573 1,031,286 16 431,751 1,493,005 296,614 652,083 841,007 1,333,329 956,167 1,619,099 193,998 358,208 251,143 704,422 17 214,673 543,282 186,996 382,219 316,114 529,376 632,523 916,500 126, 130 199,882 150,387 329,019 18 135,040 417,719 93,949 214, 884 233,909 368,831 358,076 564,128 67,634 124,535 87,070 200,560 19 21,735 46,689 24,441 48,930 52,914 92,559 28,314 107,422 19,129 15,622 27,228 50,338 20 21 709 197 487 770 274 1,323 220 355 536 276 2,472 5,869 3,442 5,963 6,436 12,046 4,317 13,473 2,632 2,178 3,169 6,032 22 23 24 4,463 1 7,799 3,233 7,341 40 13,039 13,459 22,045 1,913 142 3,787 4,780 19 8,087 7,676 128 13,034 4,927 13,620 2 24,537 3,372 20 5,595 1,083 25,721 5,399 9,674 1,542 46,420 8,255 35,907 16,683 10,068 20,449 30,558 22,329 35,329 5,606 16,381 4,994 9,317 Ofi 4,522 21,880 7,525 9,581 9,300 26,250 14,419 19,880 3,375 8,081 2,914 6,584 27 333 498 1,104 630 512 1,293 336 1,130 231 789 6,271 8,736 13,064 15, 572 6,533 13,712 21,424 30,109 5,208 15,602 4,555 14,075 29 3,682 2,819 5,591 1,738 4,887 4,423 5,977 8,396 3,114 658 25,984 30 178,157 969,102 440,135 433,267 504,615 907,796 580,519 1,196,851 166,593 448,823 96,404 610,967 31 96,454 146,268 145,666 85,662 233,877 213,302 362,982 94,997 176,565 89,873 144,034 672 SUPPLEMENT FOR NEW YORK. Table 2.— NUMBER, ACREAGE, AND VALUE OP FARMS CLASSIFIED BY TENURE; COLOR AND [Comparative data for June 1, 190O, in italics.] ' Greene. Hamilton. Herkimer. Jefferson, Kings. Lewis. LiTingstou. Madison. FARMS OPERATED BT OWITERS Nnmlier ol farms Ntimber of farms in 1900 Per cent ol all farms Per cent of all farms in 1900 Land in farms acres... Improved land in farms acres. . . Value of land and buildings dollars Degree of ownership: Farms consisting of owned land only Farms consisting of owned and hired land Color and nativity of owners: Native white Foreign-bom white Negro and other nonwhite FARMS OPERATED BY TENANTS Number of farms Number of farms in 1900 Per cent of all farms Per cent of all farms in 1900 Land in farms acres.. Improved land in farms acres . . Value of land and buildings dollars Form of tenancy: Share tenants Share-cash tenants Cash tenants Tenure not specified Color and nativity of tenants: Native white Foreign-bom white Negro and other nonwhite FARMS OPERATED BY MANAGERS Number of farms Nuviber of farms in 1900 Land in farms acres.. Improved land in farms acres. . , Value of land and buildings dollars MORTGAGE DEBT REPORTS ' For all farms operated by owners: Number free from mortgage debt Number with mortgage debt Number with no mortgage report For farms consisting; of owned land only: Number reporting debt and amount Value of their land and buildings dollars Amount of mortgage debt dollars Per cent of value of land and buildings 2,169 e,isi 81.3 77.6 233,499 135,642 9,028,838 2,055 104 2,020 134 6 430 seo 16.2 SO.i 61,110 37,767 2,017,615 173 12 412 14 4 65 Be 14,615 4,992 679,150 1,193 963 3 3,407,738 1,133,487 33.3 467 84.7 44,688 16,482 390 369 39 2,152 S,S19 224,672 166,924 1,943,384 2,018 134 1,895 256 1 3,702 4,m 64.1 67.9 401,921 273,308 17,317,080 370 3,343 359 63 IS* 57.3 so.e 738 622 1,821,700 57 2,793 s.iei 83.5 81.1 376,993 185,308 1,976,807 2,674 119 2,387 405 1 2,197 S,S0O 66.6 «7.S 219,031 180,233 13,779,274 1,789 1,906 286 6 53 S6 11.3 7.1 6,412 1,676 115,666 28.3 S9.7 126,679 94,000 5,003,620 532 3 308 32 816 60 1,994 1,889 34.0 Sl.S 316,807 219,141 13,256,501 1,462 22 473 37 1,712 42 m 38.2 47. « 654 686 2,368,360 618 esi 15.6 16. S 85,262 62,850 1,780,642 336 7 149 27 463 56 1,027 1,014 31.1 Sl.O 137,481 111,600 7,777,564 637 41 334 IS 134 4 19 17 6,387 839 354,800 65 49 21,718 8,671 671,251 SI 16,133 8,931 1,037,122 61 61 288,600 32 83 12,778 3,261 271,760 74 SS 33,024 19,130 313 81 266,720 72, 154 27.1 1,278 768 3,315,966 1,196,148 36.0 2,095 1,586 21 1,373 6,486,006 2,411,604 37.2 297,000 73,800 24.8 1,726 1,058 952 3,144,738 1,216,691 38.7 1,161 1,012 34 787 4,683,580 1,605,664 34.3 3,089 S,009 76.4 7t.e 263,991 196,313 10,749,302 2,817 272 259 4 872 1,098 21.6 se.4 106,048 78,026 3,571,006 481 18 342 31 796 76 2 81 SB 11,395 8,927 683,730 1,734 1,339 16 1,149 3,953,615 1,400,435 35.4 1 No mortgage reports were secured for farms operated by tenants and managers. (See explanation in text.) Table 3.— LIVE STOCK PRODUCTS, AND DOMESTIC ANIMALS LIVE STOCK PRODUCTS Dairy Products Dairy cows on farms reporting dairy products number. Dairy cows on farms reporting milk produced number . Milk— Produced gallons. . Sold gallons . . Cream sold gallons. . Butter fat sold pounds . Butter— Produced poimds. Sold pounds. Cheese— Produced pounds. Sold pounds. Value of dairy products i dollars. . Receipts from sale of dairy products dollars. . Poultry Products Poultry— Raised number. Sold number. Eggs— Produced dozens. . Sold dozens. . Value of poultry and eggs produced • dollars. . Receipts from sale of poultry and eggs dollars . . Honey and Wax Honey produced pounds. Wax produced pounds. Value of honey and wax produced dollars. . Wool, Mohair, and Goat Hair Wool, fleeces shorn number. Mohair and goat hair, lleeces shorn number. Value of wool and mohair produced dollars. . DOMESTIC ANIMALS SOLD OR SLAUGHTERED Calves— Sold or slaughtered number. Other cattle— Sold or slaughtered number. Horses, mules, and asses and burros — Sold number. Swine— Sold or slaughtered number. Sheep and goats— Sold or slaughtered number. Eeceipts from sale of animals dollars. . Value of animals slaughtered dollars. . 14, 552 11,036 5,425,794 1,386,859 6,676 1,662,050 316,060 186,318 4,126 4,076 746,294 711,998 174,653 64,880 865,395 686, 131 314,393 182,906 45,100 440 6,767 5,656 14 10, 462 8,795 5,200 404 11,726 9,757 242, 564 186,906 1,165 1,111 490, 625 22, 426 60 32,669 77,413 26,229 36,099 22,137 20,466 6,788 63,328 20,996 25,275 8,018 5,540 124 1,102 1,479 '2,' 673' 454 320 39 636 1,036 14,811 17, 178 38,976 31, 169 16,766,058 18,193,026 11,266 560,096 189, 820 106,611 4,100 4,100 2, 199, 633 2,175,797 153, 699 64, 454 852,326 570, 844 290,047 181,274 77,840 731 8,976 1,460 2 2,825 32, 873 9,494 385 9,911 1,158 467,399 176, 655 63,270 60,915 25,817,575 28,771,236 7,801 949,974 604,473 311,918 3,654 3,454 3,368,052 3,287,056 260,649 128, 713 1,525,735 1,063,732 473, 426 314,829 96,163 1,087 12,482 6,120 "i6,'345' 45, 462 14,185 1,624 23,796 5,029 902, 686 288,618 78, 130 76,272 49 20 170 160 18,705 18,699 11,390 8,270 6,858 4,586 6,873 3,749 3,407 34,636 28,795 14,627,061 14,805,241 626 208, 857 387,922 202,515 6,405 164 1,663,908 1,611,947 103,160 38, 642 636, 297 381,289 182,704 104,283 18,925 277 2,346 2,292 26,246 7,116 632 12, 489 2,326 399,308 157,785 16,633 13,009 6, 678, 149 4,169,215 49,918 430,718 610,978 344,672 2,320 1,450 852,790 787,667 172,637 64,804 969,746 610,615 310,105 175,598 96,164 890 12,512 37,427 13 68, 878 13,788 8,656 813 U, 887 28,014 720. 419 144. 420 34,981 26,088 15,188,554 19,160,029 4,349 366,733 202,868 111,063 160 100 2,275,039 2,247,721 201,865 96, 405 1,465,508 1,127,089 441,152 316,633 61,638 483 7,608 4,446 32 7,712 24,684 13,916 883 10,166 4,229 812,122 177,606 1 Excluding home use of milk and cream. STATISTICS OF AGRICULTURE. NATIVITY OF FARMERS; AND MORTGAGE DEBT, BY COUNTIES: APRIL 15, 1910— Continued. [Compaiatlve data for June 1, 1900, In Italics.] 673 Monroe. Mont- gomery. Nassau. New York. Niagara. Oneida. Onondaga. Ontario. Orange. Orleans. Oswego. Otsego. Putnam. 1 2 3 4 6 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 4,322 7i'f 89.7 247,801 222,110 34,473,690 3,898 424 3,152 1,165 5 1,446 1,SB0 66.1 en 139,760 115,923 7,117,622 1,341 105 1,226 220 679 i,ies 66.8 70. S 33,244 25,412 22,270,095 650 129 493 183 3 17 ei 20.0 33. S 118 103 431,875 15 2 8 9 3,149 3,071 72.6 70. B 198,598 184,284 22,250,937 2,742 407 2,341 766 52 6,494 S,411 79.3 74.8 511,127 332,471 21,122,323 5,129 365 4,668 825 11 4,465 7l'f 71.4 305,798 254,824 20,830,216 4,022 443 3,736 696 34 3,235 3,101 73.3 71.6 262,040 216,204 18,108,124 2,764 471 2,648 581 6 2,917 s,m4 74:1 70.7 256,762 183,503 19,988,290 2,756 161 2,345 566 7 1,793 1,896 64.5 64.0 130,266 113,260 13,036,268 1,605 188 1,399 393 1 5,408 S,B17 85.6 79.8 399,618 262,228 14,660,840 6,146 263 5,073 332 3 4,145 77. B 70.0 426,275 321,379 13,914,119 3,814 331 3,996 145 4 669 834 68.8 7B.7 69,116 38,262 4,764,600 650 19 602 67 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 1,627 1,71B 25.6 i9.1 124,492 110,613 14,356,525 852 48 588 39 1,122 401 4 719 SIS 32.8 34.0 89,673 75,378 4,347,361 458 12 241 8 635 84 303 29.8 ts.s 17,713 14,615 12,605,050 8 3 268 34 201 102 63 112 74.1 eo.9 1,744 1,223 3,155,025 1,120 i,m 26.8 Bs.e 98,214 90,186 10,406,324 661 24 407 28 871 241 8 1,327 1,691 19.2 13.4 158,740 109,890 6,641,008 417 27 832 61 1,135 191 1 . 1,227 i,eu 21.3 te.i 120,623 98,237 7,194,804 624 16 506 81 1,066 157 4 1,100 1,163 24.9 i6.9 116,358 96,006 7,404,636 865 32 176 27 916 184 847 1,031 21.5 S6.0 95,820 64,824 5,524,165 190 11 591 65 680 161 6 957 1,038 34.4 SS.O 99,136 86,029 8,997,350 865 12 64 16 758 198 1 864 1,319 13.7 19.1 84,229 54,347 2,796,161 367 14 340 143 827 37 1,128 1,633 21.1 i9.0 161,608 114,693 4,255,228 621 18 429 60 1,097 31 231 ««8 23.7 20.0 27,429 14,464 1,513,650 32 21 22 23 24 25 Tfi 62 1 29 34 194 5 195 34 2 27 28 29 30 31 122 68 13,003 11,401 2,766,084 24 38 4,608 3,961 356,900 35 73 4,813 2,865 6,427,250 6 11 103 100 800,000 77 es 8,988 8,347 1,334,060 108 ISO 20,564 14,281 1,799,063 78 97 11,237 9,121 1,644,100 1 — 81 64 9,571 8,260 1,254,440 171 ISO 31,663 17,930 3,406,720 30 30 3,490 3,073 312,250 47 76 8,151 4,376 339,300 73 67 14,648 10,659 986,390 73 49 13,158 5,039 1,300,400 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 1,939 2,335 48 2,039 14,994,945 5,210,430 34.7 849 588 9 606 2,268,987 878,719 38.7 442 197 40 140 2,589,150 451,543 17.4 9 4 4 3 140,000 15,250 10.9 1,697 1,427 25 1,213 8,197,920 2,486,143 30.3 3,217 2,237 40 1,992 7,733,772 2,785,361 36.0 2,368 2,055 42 1,762 7,833,780 2,911,328 37.2 1,635 1,678 22 1,351 7,028,812 2,660,790 37.7 1,425 1,463 29 1,298 9,213,980 2,931,750 31.8 840 942 11 818 5,679,723 1,841,017 32.4 3,127 2,241 40 2,015 5,669,461 1,851,909 33.3 2,284 1,846 IS 1,641 5,333,094 2,241,209 42.0 449 218 2 205 1,453,900 402,016 27.7 SOLD OR SLAUGHTERED ON FARMS, BY COUNTIES: 1909— Continued. 16,463 16, 177 7,680,902 2,643,202 12,994 359,539 1,281,766 727, 109 4,930 3,700 869, 181 733,379 395,429 171,209 1,791,106 1,116,476 686,685 384,075 50,787 293 7,079 17,484 '32,'355' 12,063 8,431 1,014 22,228 13,668 633,798 300,801 22,128 19,314 11,123,057 10,288,208 3,377 449,839 236,692 156,301 950 900 1,277,634 169,955 64,106 916,984 651, 615 315, 768 199,250 123,366 1,478 13,759 16,515 4,442 362 10,087 1,582 266,270 156,419 2,040 1,984 ,111,278 619,585 770 52, 708 10,282 60 60 177,663 164,600 96,292 31,419 318,838 150,885 172,231 75,143 31 664 401 375 80 1,466 170 29,718 13,143 242 241 164,693 147,800 167 1,800 1,466 300 40 50,480 49,906 2,886 1 16,810 1,160 8,706 476 375 2 3,641 1,760 12,024 10,865 5,070,701 1,469,606 9,641 293,751 1,026,741 605,514 2,593 2,408 553,713 448,366 376, 162 208,811 1,566,470 1,074,274 559,882 68,513 884 8,239 8,417 5,709 1,002 20,584 12, 569 440,475 229,630 62,362 52,376 28,316,062 27,920,162 20,225 844,243 436,605 225,092 5,445 2,548 3,462,287 3,401,563 326,843 149,952 i 1,877,492 1,299,029 627, 181 398, 794 45,078 494 6,569 3,432 9 6,765 46, 756 17,314 1,080 22,422 4,996 858,681 362, 529 34,090 26,677 15,458,067 12,485,066 33,756 1,392,198 411,418 201,760 21,895 18,835 2,123,637 2,063,923 415,772 218,683 1,785,684 1,250,249 712,423 452,392 84,381 1,366 10,621 9,818 5 19,378 27,885 10,876 1,416 25, 259 7,477 978,630 292,383 12,586 11,601 5,599,195 1,186,382 16,482 837,856 580,405 286,442 840 500 535,985 465,930 265,294 117, 159 1,457,345 976, 120 470,342 287,398 68,658 466 8,523 41,362 3 78,407 8,592 6,664 893 20,793 34, 693 698, 797 248,885 43,120 35,504 23,905,147 26,881,123 7,126 360 212,111 98,170 2,161 2,116 3,570,647 3,537,640 301,946 109,462 1,549,684 1, OOP, 351 632,119 360,488 32,843 534 4,396 1,405 13 2,305 40,480 20,468 612 8,479 847 1,036,251 169, 188 6,758 5,767 2,598,716 403,629 968 395,020 392, 708 194,278 2,667 1,532 238,625 195,186 141,824 61,353 850,702 691,529 254,025 161,428 26,495 100 3,404 38,159 71,873 3,849 4,048 1,040 11,961 23,886 475,835 118,555 38,337 25,938 12,778,780 15,165,947 11,586 409,238 412,270 190,663 1,950,833 1,888,709 285,802 141,930 1,598,527 1,181,657 518, 137 350,344 48,314 1,053 6,078 3,394 4 5,626 31,420 14,356 1,237 15,4,50 2,218 779,273 236,385 60,526 42;300 22,404,721 21,916,670 24,108 1,188,927 235,773 128,100 1,258 513 2,826,725 2,796,808 278,678 114,010 2,201,158 1,851,809 654,828 489,906 46,504 258 6,799 5,962 20 11,010 40,900 19,724 810 18,396 4,702 930,821 258,410 7,892 6,976 4,207,340 3,925,956 4,693 61,278 62,531 24,920 100 100 673,898 663,016 64,978 20,041 304,821 177,430 118,326 63,322 3,989 U 735 611 '878 7,079 4,537 126 2,202 407 134,407 29,290 674 • SUPPLEMENT FOR NEW YORK. Table 2.— NUMBER, ACREAGE, AND VALUE OF FARMS CLASSIFIED BY TENURE; COLOR AND [Comparative data for June 1, 1900, in italics.] Queens. Rensselaer. Eicli- mond. Eook- land. St. Lawrence. Saratoga. Schenec- tady. Schoharie. Schuyler, FARMS OF£BATED BY OWWEES number of farms - Numtar offarmn in, 1900 Per cent ot all farms Per cent of all farms in 1900 Land in farms acres... Improved land in farms acres. . . Value of land and buildings dollars. Degree of ownership: Farms consisting of owned land only Farms consisting of owned and hired land Color and nativity of owners: Native white Foreign-born white Negro and other nonwhite 329 ess 45.7 IS.S 5,496 4,380 9,766,810 305 175 164 2,941 i,ni 80.5 74. 2 277,275 181,916 10,216,682 2,782 169 2,438 497 102 190 62.6 66. S 2,338 1,899 1,354,750 99 3 47 55 96S 747 85.4 79.6 40,494 23,034 7,750,200 962 16 701 261 6 6,105 6,1SS 74.2 7S.4 719,894 366,897 26,843,776 5,740 365 5,468 636 1 2,873 S,91i 79.6 76. S 301,349 183,440 9,309,065 2,712 161 2,456 412 5 796 869 77.5 7«.8 79,185 63,482 4,630,195 740 66 167 1 2,495 g,eo9 75.9 7S.0 268,179 185,293 7,923,860 2,242 263 2,462 42 1 FASMS OPERATED BY TENAITTS Number of farms Number of farms in 1900 Per cent of all farms Per cent of all farms in 1900 Land in farms acres... Improved land in farms acres. . . Value of land and buildings dollars. Form of tenancy: Share tenants Share-cash tenants Cash tenants Tenure not specified Color and nativity of tenants: Native white Foreign-bom white Negro and other nonwhite FARUS OPERATED BY MAITAGERS Number of farms Number of farms in 1900 Land in farms acres... Improved land in farms acres... Value of land and buildings dollars. MORTGAGE DEBT REPORTS i For all farms operated by owners: Number free from mortgage debt Number with mortgage debt Number with no mortgage report For farms consisting of owned land only; Number reporting debt and amount Value of their land and buildings dollars. Amount of mortgage debt dollars. Per cent of value of land and buildings 385 CU 63.5 *5.S 8,606 7,413 18,097,800 3 2 176 204 6 11 686 435 674,500 167 126 37 112 2,782.850 635; 376 22.8 . 642 S76 17.6 es.9 79,794 57,696 3,04£,079 225 29 331 57 545 96 2 71 71 8,473 6,084 846,650 1,855 1,072 14 961 3,391,035 1,264,682 37.3 69 S6 36.2 i9.7 2,730 1,819 1,906,700 106 149 9.4 IS. 9 5,286 3,124 1,136,127 12 46 45 11 42 665,800 147,031 22.4 669 396 13 347 2,633,600 728,028 28.7 2,036 e,i4e 24.7 SS.7 325,293 167,249 12,073,268 1,091 43 851 60 1,764 270 1 84 76 16,329 8,078 713,958 3,655 2,410 40 2,171 9,466,418 3,012,771 31.8 663 8S5 18.4 21. S 79,443 65,140 2,701,335 266 10 318 76 5S 11,393 7,135 656,850 1,747 1,112 14 1,002 3,216,600 1,064,219 33.1 217 SSO 21.1 26.8 25,669 20,406 1,230,470 60 11 121 35 186 31 14 6 1,397 1,187 134,500 418 371 7 333 1,604,880 617,439 32.2 763 S77 22.9 25. S 96,890 67,910 2,616,800 394 19 302 38 748 4 1 40 61 6,007 3,904 264,750 1,618 965 12 1,388,160 916,703 38.4 1,514 1,699 78.9 78.0 146,151 114, 6.61 5,723,218 1,232 282 46 378 486 19.7 2S.1 40,675 33,406 1,490,972 287 10 64 17 2S 13 3,206 2,397 179,600 837 668 9 501 1,820,220 573,668 31.5 ' No mortgage reports were secured for farms operated by tenants and managers. (See explanation in text.) Table 3.— LIVE STOCK PRODUCTS, AND DOMESTIC ANIMALS LIVE STOCK PRODUCTS Dairy Products Dairy cows on farms reporting dairy products number. Dairy cows on farms reporting milk produced number. Miiir — Produced gallons . Sold gallons . Cream sold gallons . Butter fat sold pounds. Butter— Produced pounds. Sold pounds. Cheese — Produced t pounds. Sold pounds- Value of dairy products ' dollars. . Receipts from sale of dairy products dollars. . Poultry Products Poultry — Raised number . Sold number. Eggs— Produced dozens . . Sold dozens .. Value of poultry and eggs produced dollars . . Receipts from sale of poultry and eggs dollars . . Honey and Wax Honey produced poimds . Wax produced pounds . Value of honey and wax produced dollars . . Wool, Mohair, and Goat Hair Wool, fleeces shorn number. Mohair and goat hair, fleeces shorn number. Value of wool and mohair produced dollars . . DOMESTIC ANIMALS SOLD OR SLAUGHTERED Calves— Sold or slaughtered number. Other cattle— Sold or slaughtered number. Horses, mules, and asses and burros— Sold number. Swine — Sold or slaughtered number. Sheep and goats — Sold or slaughtered number. Receipts from sale of animals dollars . . Value of animals slaughtered dollars . . 1,765 1,762 1,689,635 1,554,666 2,600 11,788 1,340 9,152 293,747 289, 491 16,431 4,864 48, 176 10,485 24,249 6,697 169 3 34 17 371 23 294 23,824 3,061 18, 989 16,377 7,767,542 6,039,086 67,016 744,903 464, 152 260,395 30, 916 29,785 1,262,398 1,198,481 233, 772 111,271 1,091,087 763,216 436,403 276,637 39,788 638 6,616 18,233 12 39,828 13,734 6,368 611 15,348 8,381 348, 487 191,660 601 600 472, 811 385,042 500 485 128,785 128,691 5,568 2,410 14,456 7,665 12,812 6,674 10,360 2,067 14 "'26' 101 31 1 692 6 3,060 6,238 2,059 1,981 996,665 621,270 863 21,057 58,907 15,057 2,620 1,967 161,562 148, 197 110,988 42,821 417,840 236,234 194, 881 100, 162 7,076 61 1,276 180 'sio' 1,402 336 95 1,346 200 31,814 16,920 97,463 77, 006 36,484,918 38,400,281 85,184 1,487,320 463,227 267,995 13,660 13,535 4,491,072 4,435,441 378,635 200,623 1,839,997 1,252,999 698,880 496,453 99,686 1,543 13,471 2 18,749 70,331 21,303 1,688 36,900 7,767 ,183,533 404,992 15,313 13,036 5, 792, 769 2,880,635 .17,305 759, 121 441,853 221,120 8,397 7,489 787,410 726,945 249,211 124,288 1,094,176 777,431 423,247 274,570 53,941 641 5,890 6,442 2 11,849 11,934 3,394 443 14,058 4,530 237,683 191,866 4,597 3,005 1,600,470 876,490 7,730 191,740 198,668 126,099 130 68 253,598 233,271 71,011 32,465 362, 920 243,399 132,420 81,240 56,102 1,052 5,342 1,928 "3,'767 6,542 1,917 131 4,360 1,433 93,751 82,986 25,457 17,206 9,056,972 5,848,883 16,692 2,398,411 236,813 136,604 170 170 1,443,766 1,418,629 176,000 73,047 1,486,342 1,248,602 428,454 329,388 153,219 2,770 16,808 7,066 7 13,349 14,960 8,116 484 16,792 7,666 363,762 216,604 6,626 4,776 1,690,149 297,485 6,439 103,820 641,743 413,616 228,262 174,342 91,868 35,805 606,807 439,716 182,437 119,282 26,456 616 2,880 15,881 150 33,302 2,391 2,901 250 7,176 11,954 179,709 62,836 1 Excluding home use of milk and cream. STATISTICS OF AGRICULTURE. NATIVITY OF FARMERS; AND MORTGAGE DEBT, BY COUNTIES: APRIL 15, 1910— Continued. [ComparatiTe data for Jane 1, 1900, in italics.] 675 Seneca. Steuben. Snflolk. Sullivan. Tioga. Tompkins. Ulster. Warren. Washing- ton. Wayne. West- chester. Wyoming. Yates. 1 2 3 i,4og 6,713 2,026 3,475 2,370 2,300 4,100 1,631 2,831 4,069 1,227 2,827 1,754 9, US 2,771 S,S»5 t,S75 1,487 i,m 1,8S7 B,88i S,87S 1,684 2,681 1,917 77.6 81.3 90.2 83.3 T7.0 81.6 87.5 79. i 77.7 66.3 80.1 76.7 76. i 84. e 86. S 7B.8 75. J, 79.6 86.6 77.6 7S.S 68.1 76.2 76.6 S 118,159 615,841 116,863 373,426 238,122 199,604 371,476 213,180 338,022 249,916 81,813 281,335 142,547 460,796 71,965 172,372 181,486 167,776 181,831 87,267 236,617 211,201 63,266 202,851 116,881 7,424,416 22,292,711 20,670,666 14,121,136 6,765,426 8,567,720 18,592,200 3,736,862 10,636,601 20,980,554 29,612,680 13,903,825 9,091,746 8 1,190 4,857 1,764 3,403 2,V2I> 1,981 3,965 1,573 2,598 3,751 1,160 2,493 1,434 866 272 72 241 319 145 68 233 318 67 334 320 10 1,272 5,443 1,663 2,685 2,306 2,186 3,467 1,552 2,666 3,221 1,037 2,464 1,661 136 266 457 789 61 109 625 79 262 844 189 372 189 12 1 6 6 1 3 6 8 3 4 1 1 4 13 638 1,682 358 308 462 640 727 182 656 1,099 383 661 513 14 72B 1,8U sea Aie 7iS 774 914 Bli 772 l,S8i 652 SOS 651 lb 30.6 21.5 14.4 8.0 16.9 21.4 14.6 9.8 18.4 21.0 20.4 18.7 22.4 16 SI. 5 iB.S n.s lo.e IS. 9 iS.7 17.8 10.0 BO. 8 BB.8 2S.7 22.8 22.0 17 66,916 192,671 21,757 37,123 56,286 67,751 73,298 23,953 94,937 m,Tli 30,608 85,729 59,371 18 68,946 141,746 13,739 16,409 42,915 63,090 44,701 9,171 67,986 82,955 17,990 58,083 48,269 19 3,781,680 6,668,131 4,600,165 1,128,100 1,418,862 2,762,600 3,107,726 471,875 2,802,378 6,848,655 12,613,030 3,856,725 3,455,536 20 543 1,228 66 28 286 471 102 67 356 810 16 416 445 21 10 46 6 7 12 12 21 2 40 35 14 10 12 22 80 274 236 202 140 136 644 106 263 246 314 230 60 23 6 34 60 71 14 21 60 7 7 9 40 6 6 24 699 1,547 220 260 442 629 629 179 608 888 261 610 460 25 37 33 135 48 6 10 94 3 46 206 117 61 63 W 2 2 3 4 1 4 2 6 6 27 33 68 107 68 22 48 196 52 77 69 270 41 21 28 « lOi tS7 UO W 189 m 7« 61 49 190 SB S6 29 6,030 9,861 40,953 40,667 4,055 5,667 51,931 13,216 13,497 8,169 33,516 6,380 2,296 30 6,048 6,761 9,892 4,100 3,046 4,813 16,816 3,741 9,061 6,142 19,426 4,463 1,724 31 637,952 684,825 6,659,326 1,023,100 149,210 372,100 2,980,570 1,180,600 694,672 630,665 20,234,600 472,670 324,641 32 742 2,968 1,333 2,060 1,440 1,332 2,387 1,210 1,605 1,955 818 1,460 758 33 661 2,710 674 1,398 912 946 1,701 418 1,221 2,104 369 1,360 992 34 6 35 19 17 18 22 12 3 6 10- 40 7 4 Rfi 529 2,144 518 1.346 766 769 1,602 384 1,049 1,884 335 1,162 766 ,36 2,666,695 7,770,099 6,181,690 6,849,666 1,957,280 2,614,516 6,879,440 975,776 3,716,925 9,295,273 7,835,600 6,393,037 3,610,620 .37 966,080 2,862,956 1,207,800 1,883,072 700,660 916,473 2,144,697 248, 113 1,441,144 3,655,041 1,815,960 1,998,374 1,281,192 38 36.2 36.8 23.3 32.2 36.8 35.1 31.2 25.4 38.8 38.2 23.2 37.1 35.6 SOLD OR SLAUGHTERED ON FARMS, BY COUNTIES: 1909— Continued. 1 2 3 4 5 7,191 6,166 2,990,511 707,392 9,524 144,478 565,500 342,142 2,639 2,664 274,300 224,120 35,581 23,922 10,462,240 7,210,716 40,636 1,430,723 1,067,709 536,838 39,465 38,893 1,455,994 1,326,568 6,126 4,288 1,997,245 1,142,997 3,007 3,026 222,677 70,224 1,183 19,648 14,099 5, 681, 108 3,951,576 3,267 302,822 670,541 357,386 6,556 4,104 15,579 11,936 6,968,926 6,727,559 2,950 328,059 189,622 97,373 14, 104 9,790 5,256,179 4,626,134 10,795 445,412 386, 700 223, 139 21,882 20,696 9,601,802 6,616,735 3,571 748, 829 5,262 4,864 2, 168, 664 603,938 1,766 171, 264 27,043 23,393 11,218,699 9,311,345 27,765 665, 576 19,817 16,847 8,105,200 3,217,654 65,219 1, 223, 897 10,812 10,314 6,236,330 4,660,220 8,327 27,238 23,266 11,627,232 10,614,475 115,099 641,200 191,717 88,162 2,048 1,012 6,343 4,730 2,273,306 160, 222 8,922 376,681 332,678 161,742 385 7 8 602,111 262,548 4,976 3,200 312,464 137,985 100 50 264, 194 118,209 12,711 12,711 638,869 270,792 2,108 1,918 221,407 80,284 3,442 2,495 10 11 12 160 320,171 276,676 770,830 683,025 865,989 841, 126 774,753 732,649 1,111,721 1,015,894 216,502 170,423 1,367,264 1,327,575 942,530 875,893 809,865 765,727 1,368,403 1,340,704 192,714 156,044 13 14 16 16 17 18 162,458 71,712 837,298 591,262 266,962 170,400 319,830 144,277 1,796,457 1,331,672 568,322 365,407 614,544 431, 766 1,302,092 892, 482 810,344 678,662 255,699 84,795 1,476,541 939,514 657,225 306,752 139,927 65,742 1,060,400 856,056 329,898 243,682 171,888 78,139 1,176,707 943,917 370,484 265, 711 346,866 123,239 1,732,271 1,124,909 663,003 366, 634 73,593 38,560 302,342 175,200 109,263 63,960 202,233 89,708 1,031,020 718,537 401,221 265,830 340,409 154,711 2,066,061 1,632,207 631,627 416, 164 205,009 67,284 760,780 411,518 406,486 185,637 145,968 61,259 1,030,355 739,896 292,341 191,274 118,242 52,244 798,683 672,085 227,695 148,682 19 20 21 64,792 1,819 5,891 85,622 2,611 9,323 1,762 6 313 37,181 808 4,959 44,949 909 6,064 120,937 2,044 9,442 67,445 956 8,158 18,500 366 2,697 66,008 1,011 8,588 49,781 400 6,096 23,415 137 4,348 102,114 709 12,008 23,780 493 2,816 32 9,149 40,366 37 76,612 2,270 40 2,631 2,686 1 4,396 6,963 10,931 3,231 8,864 16 13,919 26,444 63,089 13,649 10 26,455 669 16,833 3 29,984 24,188 24 i9,'666' 12, 177 21,022 6,014 1,268 47,662 25 26 27 28 29 4,519 2,711 469 9,409 5,764 26,242 12,4''6 1,509 25,886 33,402 2,415 1,313 309 6,505 854 13,125 8,849 620 9,095 2,120 12,221 6,337 416 6,606 6,846 16,455 6,772 662 13,739 14,893 16,820 6,788 622 19,112 2,918 2,765 2,366 333 3,422 7,525 17,159 9,281 667 15,626 13,366 12,474 11,365 1,023 24,715 7,308 7,064 6,878 328 3,825 199 22,304 11,769 1,158 14,786 18,342 3,046 3,176 498 9,456 19,432 30 31 223,865 119,378 904,908 272,089 102,414 76,779 408,432 129,901 328,926 86,784 451,397 116,961 367,869 221,612 122,349 50,140 469,793 206,617 587,018 254,236 327,115 38,294 776,023 134, 166 328,566 98,963 676 SUPPLEMENT FOR NEW YORK. Table 4.— VALUE OF ALL CROPS AND PRINCIPAL CLASSES THEREOF, AND ACREAGE VALUE OF ALL CROPS Total dollars . , Cereals dollars. . Other grams and seeds dollars- . Hay and forage dollars.. Vegetables dollars. Fruits and nuts dollars. All other crops dollars. SELECTED CROPS (acres and quantity) Ceieals: Total acres bushels. Com acres bushels. Oats acres . . . bushels. Wheat acres — bushels. Barley acres.. . bushels. Buckwheat acres... bushels. R ye acres — bushels. Other grains: Dry peas acres . . . bushels. Dry edible beans acres . . . bushels. Hay and forage: Total : acres . . . tons All tame or cultivated grasses acres. . . tons Timothy alone acres... tons Timothy and clover, mixed acres . . . tons Clover alone acres. . . tons Alfalfa acres . . . tons Millet or Hungarian grass acres . . . tons Other tame or cultivated grasses acres . . . tons The State. Wild, salt, or prairie grasses acres . tons.. Grains cut green acres . . . tons Coarse forage acres — tons Root forage acres . . . tons Special crops: Potatoes acres.... bushels . All other vegetables acres Tobacco acres pounds. acres pounds. Maple trees number. Maple sugar (made) pounds . Maple sirup (made) gallons. . FEUITS AND HTTTS Orchard tmits: Total trees bushels. Apples trees.... bushels. Peaches and nectarines trees — bushels. Pears trees bushels. Plums and prunes trees . . . bushels. Cherries trees — bushels. Quinces trees bushels. Grapes vines . . . pounds. Small fruits: Total acres.... quarts.. Strawberries acres — quarts.. Raspberries and loganberries acres quarts.. Nuts trees pounds. 2,602,461 69,239,218 512,442 18,116,634 1,302,508 34,795,277 289,130 6,664,121 79,966 1,922,868 286,276 5,691,746 130,640 2,010,601 4,007 71,486 116,698 1,681,606 5,643,373 7,065,429 4,673,541 6,019,636 1,078,368 1,159,083 2,935,470 3,215,021 87,267 114,864 35,343 87,042 17,163 31,147 619,940 412,479 62,577 63,034 47,474 89,294 259,118 1,876,795 663 6,670 394,319 48,597,701 176, 616 4,109 5,346,035 12,023 8.677,138 4,948,784 3,160,300 993,242 17,626,093 29,496,291 11,248,203 25,409,324 2,467,187 1,736,483 2,141,596 1,343,089 919,017 663,622 673,989 271,597 169,031 132,451 31,802,097 253,006,361 22,496 37,857,829 6,382 15,945,863 11, 057 14,761,940 164,333 2,773,858 Albany. 53,064 1,149,298 9,419 264,047 21,454 502,177 496 10,916 525 9,071 10,63S 197,474 10,441 164,359 12 169 34 548 77,459 80,277 76,483 69,103 18,129 17,946 48,963 43,510 3,182 3,694 146 313 113 160 4,961 3,480 189 162 120 220 1,665 10,762 2 30 3,708 283,564 4,614 Allegany. 66 21 8,129 2,607 601 693 338,796 677,909 231,398 627,829 8,737 933 43,404 30,275 42,230 13,842 12,365 4,378 510 603 8,782 85,381 688 821,241 226 394,877 227 251,410 2,647 23,646 60,741 1,276,693 3,108 94,126 42,161 935,966 1,467 28,147 2,270 39,080 11,293 170,620 346 6,386 270 392 5,326 142,154 176,279 135,363 139,090 19,872 21,203 112,270 113,838 1,227 1,703 421 1,121 225 342 1,348 883 120 127 416 1,062 6,223 34,549 32 451 13,412 1,631,123 1,325 267,813 137,397 47,279 226,631 247,981 199,084 238,385 341 146 10,649 6,671 10,420 1,883 6,019 985 85 10 857 17,822 31 72,359 13 47,706 6 10,940 994 19,962 Broome. 24,616 637,233 2,742 86,215 12,950 278,170 211 4,497 67 1,842 7,894 164,982 746 12,244 2 42 10 233 108,136 113,789 102,021 81,706 24,816 20,640 59,131 47,609 204 287 30 69 1,050 1,755 16,791 11,346 236 185 1,039 1,532 4,836 30,300 4 66 7,106 708, 114 1,446 7 7,125 Cattarau- gus. 39,086 26,563 9,861 146,332 165,598 115,582 142,037 1,420 472 9,262 6,498 8,901 3,524 11,094 3,064 35 4 4,922 94,653 146 298,871 75 231,232 48 45,413 3,049 62, 144 47,685 1,217,063 5,665 175,962 31,058 803,741 390 8,584 836 16,799 9,692 209,281 124 2,287 44 1,582 53 1,203 141,131 237,093 130,016 179,791 19,611 26,586 109,071 150,914 421 661 110 248 517 1,075 286 317 505 494 1,828 3,535 8,735 52,996 47 277 7,392 879,253 1,829 Cayuga. 40 377, 192 283,632 74,681 317,610 665,789 287,788 558,039 2,020 510 10,059 4,364 8,973 1,464 8,464 1,379 172 33 180,292 1,525,123 137 256,918 53 125,822 61 84,462 2,474 45,760 104,517 3,125,712 23,491 850,149 38,920 1,210,652 16,388 364,018 10,691 300,512 14,420 388,598 685 11,326 45 1,091 179 3,493 101,595 151,721 96,199 113,889 35,553 40,840 54,561 62,640 3,219 4,495 2,371 5,243 135 347 360 324 416 452 266 619 4,712 36,704 2 57 8,089 1,037,829 3,238 460 551,105 Chautau- qua. 27,863 9,068 8,428 360,022 633,396 262,458 484,341 29,560 13, 149 36,687 23,088 14,913 6,708 14,390 6,568 1,829 607 66, 113 661,826 173 243,117 56 103,977 73 100,363 1,893 63,335 7,015,7lj 954,967 6,577 2,129,044 615,102 2,417,788 892,235 66,572 1,669,836 14,336 500,858 28,467 846,513 918 19,379 1,727 36,392 10,652 257,341 454 8,841 45 6S1 106 1,885 119,559 228,907 111,839 177,237 20,195 32,375 89,651 141,339 665 1,241 141 297 614 1,331 573 664 402 383 654 1,810 6,645 49,305 19 172 6,329 778,277 4,291 1 205 387,162 151,844 96,686 397,141 699,625 299,329 646,269 32,377 16,486 22, 110 13,633 16,848 9,678 24,483 12,630 2,961 2,020 15,782,646 132,029,939 1,644,863 247 551,126 517 709,987 2,492 91,326 Table 5.— SELECTED FARM EXPENSES Labor Farms reporting Cash expended dollars. Rent and board furnished dollars. Fertilizer. .Farms reporting Amount expended dollars. Feed Farms reporting Amount expended dollars. Receipts from sale of feedable crops dollars 146,095 32,000,606 9,311,448 113,883 7,142,265 151, 962 29,546,703 10,349,957 2,250 625. 104 193. 105 1,914 96, 146 2,235 420,053 323,997 3,221 2,473 386,877 286,119 118,095 79,656 2,282 1,624 77,343 53,700 3,625 3,260 373,277 706,458 243,933 64,992 3,553 409,226 111,876 3,198 99,409 4,648 779,244 143,766 3,443 595,092 187,068 3,252 149,307 2,571 256,296 628,243 4,923 969,761 170,804 5,065 215,817 5,861 898,673 195,088 STATISTICS OF AGRICULTURE. AND PRODUCTION OF PRINCIPAL CROPS, BY COUNTIES: 1909. 677 Cliemuiig. Chenango. Clinton. Columbia. Cortland. Delaware. Dutchess. Erie. Essex. Franklin. Fulton. Genesee. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1,527,279 396,326 4,013 3,398,963 2,889,128 3,4U,089 2,225,408 4,626,106 4,354,576 7,210,460 1,464,798 2,984,160 1,200,801 3,970,161 403,116 1,928 513,418 832,031 331,135 326,781 971,387 1,580,322 221,918 644,121 228,269 1,406,037 13,597 427 1,768 1,203 16,538 46,392 3,257 6,988 865 488,617 533,790 265,707 71,588 265,855 2,150,702 1,317,408 1,119,263 1,118,894 3,250,622 1,609,288 2,283,315 728,266 1,320,419 558,530 879,985 439,100 694,114 264,676 523,515 371,903 386,528 1,990,494 196,928 591,627 196,341 686,620 103, 933 66,438 889,643 66,385 160,297 686,797 704,676 43,724 40,616 35,691 387,412 300,184 384,163 315,059 183,711 20,585 515,300 784,038 605,261 270,716 460,490 181,206 221,490 8 9 10 11 87,174 21,863 38,661 61,676 21,995 51,756 100,002 15,699 33,744 15,116 64,634 647, 667 701,758 944,536 1,228,361 608,995 523,128 1,380,613 2,577,882 356,907 1,007,274 389,946 1,893,174 3,955 4,065 4,923 17,385 1,852 1,420 21,608 16,942 3,078 4,413 3,626 9,342 106,999 177, 897 164,628 410,676 74,105 45,785 744,303 688,563 96,383 144,646 121,209 388,719 12 15, 371 13,945 26,380 21,369 13,028 12,980 19,361 52,789 10,314 24,820 8,801 21,048 13 14 253,138 440,758 649,439 503,088 396,974 337,938 468,039 1,384,876 222,971 766,302 218,517 698,648 2,220 35 84 112 142 12 1,704 18,340 52 595 50 29,930 IS 47,219 909 1,513 1,942 1,860 220 32,920 356,870 766 10,142 982 708,786 16 618 185 1,517 64 893 131 35 1,098 616 2,086 88 2,114 17 8,713 4,939 32,^ 1,244 24,348 3,140 554 23,061 9,396 62,709 1,925 66,997 18 12,087 3,654 5,470 4,456 4,625 7,191 2,706 7,477 1,646 1,384 2,461 1,176 19 188,079 75,922 102,833 81,073 110,793 132,284 64,504 189,673 25,197 27,616 44,879 21,796 20 2,923 71 286 18,280 230,185 44 264 6,449 3,346 92 438 198 971 21 43,605 1,104 3,232 913 3,609 80,229 65,579 1,127 5,549 2,360 16,778 22 21 7 58 46 2 10 69 10 181 39 1 78 1,987 23 140 137 813 456 16 200 1,152 733 28 24 137 37 355 is' 41 21 6 1,240 80 176 14 14,700 25 1,643 494 4,352 136 335 169 71 17,787 1,144 2,447 354 234,101 28 46,468 147,816 91,171 91,729 80,895 169,696 108,893 132,529 56,649 84,528 46,879 63,609 27 61,063 222,064 103,362 89,208 130,414 247,773 122,406 207,202 50,479 107,630 60,479 92,123 28 40,756 136,972 81,451 88,013 74,969 160,542 103,667 123, 147 50,697 73,431 44,726 48,747 29 30, 022 150,127 66; 206 78,282 83,280 191,708 94,625 148,163 41,163 64,473 42,193 58,104 30 25,141 13, %2 20,733 18,931 9,292 12,960 17,026 38,973 7,058 20,430 2,911 14,441 31 18,052 17,117 16,795 17,200 11,146 16,478 17,800 48,996 6,916 20,160 3,193 16,376 32 14,203 88,838 56,689 31,528 51,741 127,029 48,803 80,498 29,422 47,741 28,100 30,107 33 10,476 1C4,322 46,188 29,783 58,370 153,992 46,060 96,283 26,433 40,668 27,166 34,967 34 351 566 177 2,022 412 432 1,423 1,944 222 179 726 2,542 35 456 807 167 2,383 845 644 1,707 2,601 276 249 908 2,999 36 83 66 33 45 152 3» 217 269 69 4 12 1,283 37 189 182 49 69 340 79 380 734 85 7 14 3,323 38 206 877 162 177 979 1,947 618 199 492 13 119 147 39 341 1,955 142 180 2,849 4,732 660 322 326 27 lis 213 40 773 32,664 3,657 35,310 12,393 18,145 35,683 1,274 13,444 5,064 12,858 227 41 509 25,744 2,866 28,677 9,730 18,783 27,928 1,218 8,128 3,362 10,797 226 42 284 1,268 2,676 1,141 218 639 766 413 2,407 2,796 1,036 481 43 167 834 2,272 1,030 302 497 708 393 1,856 2,676 997 469 44 168 2,040 879 238 910 2,772 919 499 966 2,301 183 319 45 440 4,556 1,348 418 1,888 4,881 1,983 1,673 1,256 3,327 329 505 46 4,264 7,513 8,159 2,325 4,765 5,636 3,529 8,462 1,579 6,984 933 4,060 47 20,349 66,348 33,425 9,422 44,696 50,608 24,938 56,935 6,196 37,172 8,961 32,986 48 6 85 23 189 6 in 12 56 33 248 7 79 12 262 8 48 16 83 2 9 12 49 9' 59 60 3,724 4,843 8,673 ,v,^'"* 4,961 4,331 3,041 23,587 2,769 7,273 2,485 9,585 61 370,110 671,087 1,325,041 232,702 750,187 479,061 300,276 3,014,450 269,319 1,433,761 271,868 1,217,791 62 969 1,284 1,059 1,291 2,229 1,094 1,879 10,270 662 824 679 3,093 63 1,093 1,612,462 1 396 3 2,000 128,667 31 61,120 1 315 1 91 64 56' 919 474,515 218,284 "■ S5 78' 69,749 178,988 66 ' iso' 325,831 5 43,439 57 6,353' 928' i84,'462' 494' i25,'6i5' 98,'ig9' 36,'39i 68 1,482 153,665 48,295 114 113,332 134,288 603 82,651 96,121 218,251 3,348 3,478 69 1,627 34,713 21,960 .')57 41,038 68,958 198 27,891 9,240 28,827 8,570 7,965 60 84,664 162,137 169,872 617,380 117,521 213,823 424,730 613,450 80,040 74,533 34,088 429,233 61 96,621 244,443 75,816 1,066,771 140,350 362,019 863,291 680,791 48,481 75,945 35,250 638,016 62 62,779 145,604 147,313 297,579 96,277 190,896 303,015 472,932 71,168 73,303 31,181 300,865 63 84,726 234,738 73,691 892,590 131,675 350,229 794,763 623,234 46,257 75,795 33,937 681,028 64 3,729 24 82 61,818 402 89 63,741 10,987 472 49 48 14,630 65 1,781 9 21 8,411 229 32 30,132 3,868 19 29 40 5,706 66 5,458 7,474 3,548 170,777 7,918 8,024 34,870 70,058 1,527 291 1,188 86,036 67 4 589 6,650 1,880 121,691 4,994 6,971 23,805 31,327 1,385 66 920 36,608 63 5,375 5,414 5,111 17,433 5,641 8,992 14,690 25,301 2,591 511 907 13,626 69 2,629 2,044 84 7,784 1,883 3,105 10,731 10,580 495 24 240 8,916 70 7,219 3,603 3,810 78,526 8,197 5,759 7,097 29,483 4,273 376 736 11,070 71 1,983 1,000 140 25,002 1,629 1,653 3,474 10,534 344 30 112 3,768 72 45 8 1 1,180 42 45 1,242 4,524 4 3 14 4,038 73 6 3,579 278 364,674 13 1,026 24 1,295 382 72,594 1,229 1,141,278 1 314 1,976 8,060 74 2,041 770 14,116 884 75 50,273 62,073 12,923 3,482,633 20,316 30,666 585,356 10,638,840 57,679 5,761 14,001 165,429 76 142 66 21 620 69 43 214 1,603 42 79 76 95 77 78 199,321 45 78,380 18 30,947 12 1,274,978 309 81,873 20 71,250 16 591,877 160 3,070,452 696 44,083 12 66,283 51 179,470 38 130,784 36 79 80 120,074 82 39,115 23 18,356 851,946 153 35,340 33 36,850 14 490,816 21 1,859,835 908 22,273 19 34,098 19 135,186 24 68,028 44 81 63,824 24,663 6,524 202,033 31,691 18,467 43,812 1,277,766 14,132 22,260 29,373 60,028 82 1,631 2,531 736 3,092 5,174 8,403 1,786 4,498 2,986 83 625 1,574 83 32,518 81,102 26,993 68,855 52,275 96,087 40,788 96,814 22,571 4,925 12,265 50,659 AND RECEIPTS, BY COUNTIES: 1909. 1,368 208,803 47,183 816 34,669 1,440 176,796 60,766 2,723 425,133 136, 172 2,484 86,591 3,580 1,153,777 87,728 2,371 321,088 104,948 1,368 59,585 2,260 222,076 162,643 2,316 644,765 246,323 1,566 ■ 89,818 2,217 338,083 316,167 1,702 283, ,346 91,560- 1,779 73,448 2,146 592,820 64,078 3,442 672,812 193,469 2,457 74,988 4,477 1,997,005 54,044 2,693 1,237,672 293,849 1,690 122,622 2,738 881,918 149,850 4,944 1,006,658 304,619 5,442 288,807 5,783 1,158,976 389,742 1,413 256,627 72,304 909 59,836 1,623 221,978 62,467 2,364 1,235 2,241 334,113 169,744 645,778 79,807 57,028 182,842 2,037 1,175 2,390 92,652 37,685 167,711 2,621 1,378 1,933 305,030 178,430 310,374 105,037 81,484 147,670 75140°— 13 44 678 SUPPLEMENT FOR NEW YORK. Table 4.— VALUE OP ALL CROPS AND PRINCIPAL CLASSES THEREOF, AND ACREAGE Greene. Hamilton. Herkimer. Jefferson. Kings. Lewis. Livingston. Madison. VALUE OF ALL CROPS Total dollars. Cereals dollars . Other grains and seeds dollars. Hay and forage dollars. Vegetables dollars- Fruits and nuts dollars . All other crops doUaxs. SELECTED CROPS (acres and quantity) Cereals: Total acres bushels... Com acres bushels. . . Oats acres bushels... Wleat acres bushels... Barley acres bushels. . . Buckwheat acres bushels... Rye acres bushels... Other grains: Dry peas acres bushels... Dry edible beans acres bushels... Hay and forage: Total acres tons All tame or cultivated grasses acres tons Timothy alone acres tons Timothy and clover mixed acres tons Clover alone acres tons Alfalfa acres tons Millet or Hungarian grass acres tons Other tame or cultivated grasses acres tons Wild, salt, or prairie grasses acres tons Orains cut green acres tons Coarse forage acres tons Root forage acres tons Special crops: Potatoes acres bushels. . All other vegetables acres — Tobacco acres pounds. . Hops acres pounds. . Maple trees number . Maple sugar (made) pounds. . Maple sirup (made) gallons . . FRUITS AND NUTS Orchard frolts: Total trees bushels. Apples trees bushels. Peaches and nectarines trees bushels. Pears trees bushels. Plums and prunes trees bushels. Cherries trees bushels. Quinces trees bushels. Grapes vines. . . pounds. Small fruits: Total acres quarts. . Strawberries acres quarts. - Raspberries and loganberries acres quarts.. Nuts trees pounds. 2,207,795 363,044 1,117 912,741 219,711 458,937 252,245 24,933 564,023 6,727 189,104 8,768 207,583 235 4,723 91 1,678 6,068 92,462 4,048 58,468 4 67 18 72,656 62,748 70,151 57,402 6,90« 7,379 37,096 32,728 1,280 1,594 83 198 197 283 24,589 15,220 1,098 523 614 804 793 4,019 1,948 160,133 1,452 25 85,009 87,596 17,957 449,602 721,179 274, 123 630,061 22,624 2,854 122,882 75,902 19,242 9,018 9,927 2,962 652 360 13,139 116,328 85 131,739 34 64,131 23 30,211 3,192 40,035 200,907 9,956 318 96,164 44,514 3,405 46,661 2,847,042 413,363 3,221 1,736,104 364, 461 108,242 221,661 6,691,706 1,297,715 47,908 3,341,954 454,184 72,847 477,098 618,632 1,107 640 1,630 133,448 132 381,876 2,886,393 386,969 3,051 1,639,424 290,954 21,936 644,059 4,830,161 1,343,332 601,926 1,325,668 803,079 188,845 567,311 662 13,986 102 3,186 403 8,396 1 40 144 2,329 2 35 4 78 1 31 9,136 6,103 8,446 6,331 351 284 3,709 2,527 5 10 199 133 4,182 2,377 408 413 267 301 27 58 418 46,324 101 300 28,204 9,641 5,198 23, 169 731,647 3,876 172,573 17,264 611,660 46 1,220 610 16,699 1,263 26,793 104 .",660 22 462 78 870 100,290 190,797 92,275 125,456 8,704 12,391 80,205 109,088 749 1,230 244 595 78 148 2,296 2,004 60 63 1,164 2,477 6,771 62,721 20 90 4,167 520, 121 1,173 in 10,050 19 15,200 41,270 5,323 11,454 96, 853 2,431,408 7,366 240,800 82,864 2,060,668 398 6,997 3,675 80,141 1,695 32,960 239 2,461 836 13,242 947 15,632 227,866 341,644 203, 456 179,227 58,373 46,206 142,728 129,983 795 1,219 120 287 413 731 1,027 801 3,314 4,435 2,340 3,316 18,716 154,324 30 242 5,319 789,027 1,952 36 1,682 35 1,682 591 57,728 29,603 759,632 1,370 37,522 25,922 668,966 24 423 1,606 41,283 679 10,007 88 1,129 23 397 33 540 97,868 166,063 83,409 95,984 5,479 6,839 68,242 79,260 179 308 65 120 449 989 9,005 8,468 5,920 7,606 1,849 3,378 6,658 48, 635 32 461 4,102 627,771 748 68,933 1,985,761 8,995 346,213 30,746 960,346 21,036 520,775 2,666 58,676 1,702 29,654 3,866 69,791 78 1,150 18,446 255,244 79,673 120,272 75,690 89,768 35,456 40,021 32,483 37,581 6,818 8,076 1,306 3,476 40 49 587 565 118 110 213 423 3,542 29,888 16 11,163 1,438,699 5,436 213,084 172,606 43,537 222 41 36,515 341,780 177,367 77,607 2,541 20O 798 4,847 6,463 4,793 6,451 96,417 146,437 83,601 136,281 17 13 4,047 4,479 6,167 3,853 2,581 805 2,072 1 1,295 2 375 1 50 971 30,946 206 539,848 173 498,424 13 19,860 4,234 97,824 90,616 86,592 79,896 82,413 331 105 2,896 1,643 2,856 857 4,631 1,571 6 2 2,337 22,639 122 167,002 53 91,887 31 30,095 2,145 21,655 99 800 1 568 1 558 30,496 33,653 29,341 33,196 14 2 266 186 560 119 325 SO 174 1,197 34 68,373 21 42,624 4 5,383 135 4,750 189,671 243,097 144,958 218,441 19,251 12,767 8,634 4,562 7,943 3,839 7,941 3,183 880 273 95,909 721,430 204 326,104 57 155,073 108 138,332 2,581 34,586 3,986,117 635,247 13,955 1,828,307 762, 130 138,339 618,139 36,579 1,119,114 5,960 212,790 23,261 712,637 680 14,466 2,353 66,006 4,208 111,431 lis 1,734 127 4,303 214 2,371 107,320 238,587 95,025 133,174 22,826 31,192 58,817 79,219 1,175 1,893 6,369 14,459 177 332 6,671 6,079 692 612 692 1,908 10, 897 102,787 14 108 4,566 619,283 6,718 25 1,668 1,384,508 46,178 22,728 13,273 163,970 238,116 140,569 225,464 216 66 6,663 6,031 9,462 4,903 7,105 1,632 31 12 13,790 202,800 212 302,446 40 62,314 98 110,753 3,543 96,287 Table 5.— SELECTED FARM EXPENSES Labor Farms reporting Cash expended dollars Rent and board furnished dollars Fertilizer. . Farms reporting Amoimt expended dollars Feed Farms reporting Amount expended dollars Receipts from sale of feedable crops dollars 1,865 495,526 123,093 1,180 64,191 2,121 403,923 184,739 323 34,034 9,421 161 2,689 391 54,273 4,722 2,090 385,511 146,491 1,455 65,809 2,545 541,262 120,925 3,948 569,620 202,840 1,401 50,319 3,848 537,916 453,362 78 180, 762 23,325 66 37,409 53 38,922 2,013 263, 104 87,682 1,943 63,788 2,702 478,542 71,264 2,396 718,671 188,394 1,815 117,680 1,548 199, 148 296,680 2,678 576,645 166,341 2,606 105,626 3,058 693,095 219,629 STATISTICS OF AGRICULTURE. 679 AND PRODUCTION OF PRINCIPAL CROPS, BY COUNTIES: 1909-Continued. 10 11 12 13 U IS 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 41 45 46 47 48 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 Monroe. Montgomery. 9,349,960 2,241,909 603,314 1,369,076 1,984,715 2,405,199 845,747 102,869 3,218,788 19,584 779,032 39,300 1,385,560 35,177 866,903 2,795 73,960 614 11,631 5,392 101,586 60 1,279 16,044 241,602 97,968 65,448 80,007 19,623 22,118 39,906 48,880 3,584 4,656 1,270 3,205 228 315 837 833 340 355 477 787 2,697 16,775 7 35 20,211 2,796,728 9,491 4,415 95 1,087 2,673,627 766,512 3,078 1,433,171 204,201 101,027 175,638 42,071 1,282,282 10,003 398,357 26,507 726,120 312 7,893 284 7,233 5,470 133,434 486 8,967 21 422 103 875 86,409 130,173 82,109 94,777 23,867 26,937 51,322 58,629 5,411 6,951 201 490 289 672 1,019 1,298 10 10 92 131 4,198 36,263 2,007 193,644 1,021 209 148,329 9,470 294 2,941 Nassau. New York. Niagara. Oneida. Onondaga. Ontario. Orange. 2,541,508 232,842 3,382 183,835 1,763,139 50,469 307,841 6,863 361,588 6,696 336,173 206 4,361 341 7,702 IS 49 1,054 662 12,280 1 3 7 6,621 10,789 6,866 8,834 4,010 6,986 1,602 2,285 72 99 81 372 13 20 78 72 399 274 249 860 103 575 17 246 8,685 168,369 10,472 181,120 707 30 6,096 83,672 5,207 88,708 700 9 700 169 336 149 263 89 171 30 6,776 376 6,197,062 1,623,160 168,173 1,081,740 711,847 2,768,296 163,846 83,692 2,391,168 19,261 728,478 33,080 998,239 26,717 677,082 1,472 32,237 1,619 31,066 1,496 28,141 176 2,708 6,265 73,273 67,639 82,168 65,033 72,641 18,105 20,469 42,319 46,835 2,267 2,704 196 536 34 44 2,123 2,053 52 86 121 363 2,321 9,348 12 30 6,918 663,192 6,953 5,887,675 719,690 10,310 2,861,262 1,089,590 183,607 1,033,316 870 156 40,860 1,226,184 10,341 402,688 26,008 . 721,449 665 14,384 896 26,105 2,613 54,411 423 7,672 98 2,360 172 2,214 178,203 321,802 164,061 223,171 21,073 31,768 123,416 166,684 1,608 2,762 1,913 5,604 383 926 16,688 15,428 1,607 1,704 1,681 3,501 10,860 93,282 14 144 8,721 1,192,575 8,715 5,716,767 1,376,732 14,177 2,149,415 1,459,496 292,299 424,638 20 2,504 1,804,878 69,989 6,487 21,948 76,404 2,272,195 19,393 707,386 38,775 1,127,012 7,556 173,499 6,296 166,274 3,561 82,839 688 11,694 74 925 245 111,487 216,069 104,478 148,720 38,686 49, 151 48,006 62,034 2,464 3,633 13,486 31,649 97 198 1,749 2,065 580 487 479 1,396 8,906 64,112 44 346 13,794 1,671,835 8,625 1,173 1,568,950 2 2,000 22,241 4,707 6,983 6,082,296 1,794,190 287,122 1,168,264 1,008,012 956,836 877,871 3,909,009 465,883 10,181 1,806,206 998,515 382,505 245,719 92,231 2,733,716 18,633 593, 169 41,304 1,366,407 21,432 632, 138 5,957 169,584 1,908 31,368 2,987 51,700 83 1,419 9,195 113,303 72,623 93,361 70,210 81, 182 24,273 26, 108 38,859 44,316 4,946 6,736 1,442 3,412 40 65 660 646 236 170 140 352 1,910 11,300 27 360 14,857 1,642,765 9,426 300 427 282,253 10,494 988 2,696 20,241 666,656 10,479 451,179 4,749 114,215 1,281 24,190 IS 229 940 17,782 2,777 48,960 Orleans. 6,040,371 1,122,667 636,676 705,245 609,996 1,961,639 104,161 3 26 191 109,620 138,241 104,866 117,765 18,982 22,922 34,741 39,399 324 563 224 408 657 896 49,958 63,578 1,066 933 1,184 2,360 2,399 17,161 5 42 3,063 288,341 6,164 29 1,827 491 751 60,030 1,670,703 8,434 376,683 17,246 584,442 20,868 527,634 2,150 56,496 632 12,762 673 13,163 1,287 21,658 19,435 291,191 41,313 67,719 42,605 62,264 14,286 16,671 24,525 30,318 2,814 3,917 329 836 119 188 532 424 347 404 146 169 1,212 4,866 4 66 4,111 571,609 4,418 Oswego. 3,709,613 630,762 8,116 1,709,608 612,473 416,870 332,715 2 5,718 595 1,294 39,869 1,084,892 14,411 491,706 20,691 504,314 330 6,776 182 3,646 3,808 71,394 624 6,771 27 660 139 104,704 166,002 95.813 122,058 11,560 16,627 78,577 100,479 823 1,328 69 141 298 687 4,496 3,896 1,535 1,827 1,439 4,332 5,912 37,720 S 65 7,507 997, 874 3,126 284 340,041 Otsego. 1,962,198 774,475 4,126 2,336,498 586,792 150,148 1,110,459 69,783 25,028 19,088 16,698 1,314,811 7,695 308,096 28,742 827,095 34 621 633 17,280 8,450 188,855 130 2,395 11 296 41 1,325 168,190 264,991 147,666 171,414 15,240 19,612 103,234 124,990 1,369 2,298 176 422 486 1,927 27,062 22,166 1,262 934 706 2,046 8,923 80,321 33 277 7,946 1,059,120 1,446 110 2,801 2,287,388 119,910 59,053 26,669 Putnam. 726,160 93,109 320 384,108 99,684 74,686 74,243 3,651 151,342 2,395 124,328 710 19,022 17 250 3 22 172 3,161 254 4,669 21,313 29,087 22,819 22,143 1,419 1,762 8,329 8,849 58 73 22 66 72 113 12,919 11,280 391 328 473 722 626 5,866 4 29 863 85,494 327 181 299 29 1,107,691 3,096,393 702,841 2,592,378 339,375 257,676 192, 134 117,044 92,986 75,269 49,831 28,187 30,121 25,842 188,477 2,138,752 2,649,005 396 1,103,390 602 951, 896 4,850 91,081 97, 906 140, 106 77,804 131,264 309 226 5,169 2,742 9,001 4,411 5,661 1,447 37 4 8,612 81,787 117,189 21 45,515 38 46,454 2,700 42,530 149 268,726 144 263,682 2 1,458 17 1,140 61,100 9 60,900 2,078,430 3,378,343 804,165 2,366,600 591,350 561,439 381,710 216,227 180,801 148,792 61,786 29,011 58,296 56,124 358,312 4,065,201 762 1,179,339 180 328,986 305 475,729 1,571 58,207 212,590 279,943 184,979 264,627 103 16 9,860 7,665 11,686 6,177 5,886 1,447 36 1 6,049 114,405 193 382,329 113 269,840 48 67,269 1,939 88,756 269,171 317, 129 202,140 282,411 6,409 2,933 13,900 11, 969 20,226 11,066 26,932 8,693 448 118 47, 149 630,787 369 862,263 149 412,645 143 318,712 6,607 118, 185 696,387 1,061,244 369,060 913,214 66,495 37,605 74,451 45,927 52,603 32,761 36,394 28,374 6,998 3,289 1,831,844 11,155,951 2,182 2,903,369 87 121,886 1,907 2,560,685 1,882 31,685 388, 988 432, 317 122,633 277,356 212,879 124,262 33,098 21,994 11,479 4,617 7,863 3,636 954 435 200,733 1,898,745 1,192 1,727,892 310 795,411 166 274,352 5,584 48,609 970,629 2,533,849 549,749 2,229,462 157,934 140,898 196,513 105,233 26,313 25,971 14,682 8,979 25,233 23,125 38,321 566,904 236 300,311 53 92,589 S3 105, 167 1,449 46,486 404, 084 486,427 269,724 405,951 16,271 9,421 101,412 58, 163 12,629 8,335 3,508 3,461 567 77 8,891 180,299 764 1,488,167 361 1,021,121 316 354,126 28,021 146,163 220,042 299, 931 194,986 282,384 60 19 10,358 8,985 10,669 3,626 4,021 1,037 32 1,285 37,272 132 184,098 37 73,772 68 78,269 3,709 117,940 AND RECEIPTS, BY COUNTIES: 1909— Continued. 4,242 1,489,055 374,720 4,177 312,255 3,248 518,422 303,408 1,659 372, 973 153,487 868 32,960 1,378 184,083 411,442 793 759,665 201,133 859 597,565 772 385,440 23,966 78 132,401 105,441 34 6,876 67 59,963 2,903 853,388 271,511 2,976 179,662 2,088 250,821 282,227 4,401 904,250 233,518 3,681 147,440 5,583 1,152,965 203,339 3,781 848,659 261,653 3,415 183,527 3,645 580,134 448,832 3,428 2,836 2,145 3,861 935,870 1,092,116 563,833 430,434 256,796 310,363 161,200 95,114 2,758 1,166 2,254 3,165 176,510 130,088 171,506 128,321 1,951 3,250 1,546 4,999 176,075 1,958,344 146,184 715,401 397,225 87,266 118,025 97,737 3,688 605,933 198,479 3,604 124,789 4,360 938, 149 119, 183 61,319 127,622 48,483 121,815 4,698 2,096 3,149 1,955 2,353 1,046 2,147 505 485 201 2,134 12,060 14,323 3 9,658 1 795 220 7,390 661 224,775 54,903 97 9,699 771 320,244 6,429 680 SUPPLEMENT FOR NEW YORK. Tablb 4.— value of ALL CROPS AND PRINCIPAL CLASSES THEREOF, AND ACREAGE Queens, Rensselaer, Richmond. Rockland. St. Lawrence. Schenec- tady. Schoharie. Schuyler. VALTTE OF ALL CROPS Total dollars. Cereals dollars. Other grains and seeds dollars. Hay and forage dollars. Vegetables dollars. Fruits and nuts dollars. All other crops dollars. SELECTED CROPS (acies and quantity) Cereals: Total acres.... bushels. Com acres bushels. Oats acres bushels. Wheat acres.... bushels. Barley acres bushels. Buckwheat acres bushels. Rye acres.... bushels. Other grains: Dry peas acres.... bushels. Dry edible beans acres bushels. Hay and forage: Total "... .acres . - . tons All tame or cultivated grasses acres - . . tons Timothy alone acres . . . tons.... Timothy and clover mixed acres . . . tons Clover alone acres . . . tons Alfalfa acres . . . tons Millet or Hungarian grass acres . . . tons Other tame or cultivated grasses acres . . . tons Wild, salt, or prairie grasses acres . . . tons Grains cut green acres . . . tons Coarse forage acres . . . tons Root forage acres - . . tons Special crops: Potatoes acres bushels.. All other vegetables acres Tobacco acres pounds.. Hops acres pounds.. Maple trees number. Maple sugar (made) pounds. . Maple sirup (made) gallons. . FRtriTS AND NUTS Orchard fruits: Total trees bushels.. Apples trees bushels.. Peaches and nectarines trees bushels.. Pears trees bushels.. Plums and prunes trees bushels.. Cherries trees bushels.. Quinces trees ttushels.. Grapes vines pounds. . SmaU fruits: Total acres quarts... Strawberries ." acres. quarts... Raspberries and loganbeples acres quarts... Nuts trees pounds. . 2,444,835 31,918 740 17,607 1,408,984 4,459 981,127 3,257,677 766,375 3,011 1,160,099 718,573 297,582 322,037 420,523 6,576 18,312 311,944 13,526 70,165 745,487 77,707 605 193,818 130,811 128,902 213,644 7,211,750 1,321,655 15,746 4,559,215 589,215 100,136 625,783 2,S31,m 699,853 4,189 897,354 485,423 171,405 272,898 302,684 2,219 405,288 132,956 86,918 98,964 3,265,620 639,505 5,906 1,321,364 219,464 126,844 952,537 830 44,140 741 41,585 33 1,225 20 6 4 50 51 1,254 2 40 840 1,003 473 811 354 612 19 35 35 72 65 92 366 160 8 24 2,581 391,804 7,100 6 1,000 49,297 1,227,210 13,265 409,503 18,456 516,979 53 1,314 109 3,643 3,938 81,974 13,453 213,343 2 30 56 937 94,741 96,129 91,826 79,821 14,952 15,457 50,232 43,571 2,406 2,617 14 17 154 108 24,069 18,051 523 378 240 821 2,151 16,096 13 10,008 1,142,796 2,102 288 9,944 216 8,386 31 580 3 50 752 1,298 708 1,053 469 707 174 230 2 5 111 12 13 23 127 9 105 4,056 117,018 2,242 81,576 694 17,680 91 1,288 12 168 161 2,405 852 13,826 10 150 20 205 10,245 11,224 9,674 10,040 2,560 3,132 6,178 6,094 101 118 10 23 62 91 763 582 180 167 159 247 232 770 139 13,798 1,634 968 66,909 623 90,844 2,443,932 9,761 316,811 74,689 1,972,670 660 9,188 2,811 75,975 2,774 63,916 311 4,208 124 3,067 134 4,459 245,857 421,612 1&5,003 197, iOO 38,035 38,895 145,317 148,426 716 999 22 43 380 660 10,533 8,177 14,629 16,162 9,729 14,916 26,477 193,040 19 295 7,321 1,184,162 1,960 1 408 44,075 1,157,876 14,568 482,661 15,819 435,812 127 3,466 103 2,462 6,810 130,163 6,645 103,261 17 316 66 1,148 76,604 76,421 70,823 61,485 11,248 10,982 39,601 36,585 1,795 2,270 19 36 119 130 18,041 11,482 2,218 1,967 300 869 2,260 11,058 3 42 7,278 579,652 2,018 20,042 606,170 3,476 109,694 9,326 247,945 19 466 238 6,641 4,392 102,165 2,591 40,259 2 37 40 906 31,714 33,346 30,313 27,084 11,186 10,075 17,610 16,368 1,224 1,380 3 7 28 47 262 207 88 97 16 37 1,296 6,112 1 16 1,135 87,140 732 46,264 1,068,641 5,492 197,620 25,190 573,010 399 9,334 638 13,582 12,312 240,770 2,218 34,207 12 177 106 95,627 114,376 90,092 82,789 22,579 22,124 54,407 60,604 2,203 2,706 267 581 283 375 10,363 6,399 151 166 429 765 4,855 30,666 3,273 307,746 823 10 32, 168 14, 246 6,867 672,271 655,675 99,473 41,908 26,807 8,604 200 22 55 3,419 2,156,883 80,332 49,251 12,014 1,226 1,424 122 162 613 804 403 372 75 82 8 4 854 8,764 6 21,164 5 21,000 2 100 224,755 345, 776 159,554 306, 738 13,353 1,387 28,049 28,727 13,935 5,163 9,528 3,681 297 70 10,468 137,315 348 716, 791 185 516,003 105 139,650 5,938 31,548 3,253 1,965 742 1,211 1,910 488 478 213 28 63 44 32 9 730 5,080 90 151,364 82 144,620 6 4,920 98,701 135,221 68,390 116,235 21,081 7,034 11,166 8,681 3,931 1,438 3,398 1,596 697 262 6,613 67,015 108 166,827 67 110, 121 17 23,458 187 3,760 162,711 181,036 150, 130 180, 406 9 11 428 330 1,156 136 833 15,664 70 79,034 34 41,388 16 13, 478 1,418 44,712 178,640 192,462 137,202 175,868 1,338 14 15,718 10,427 11,039 3,257 13, 187 2,866 118 9 4,907 69,681 371, 609 110 251,470 71 70,088 3,994 85,086 68,747 90,270 49,632 82,252 729 51 4,719 3,613 7,204 2,337 6,368 2,004 81 10 2,398 29,885 166 212, 762 62 111,777 58 67,661 381 1,730 197,799 233,648 163,702 219,343 1,674 51 8,671 6,488 17,484 6,466 6,186 1,280 91 11 2,869 58,282 119,041 7 11,232 68 91,256 3,470 112,491 1,686,607 477,262 37,224 563,274 149,554 244,955 114,338 38,783 758,989 5,031 134,500 15,531 291,237 4,008 83,906 1,968 30,259 10,363 191,063 1,882 28,024 62 1,414 16,237 43,338 44,344 41,621 37,782 26,140 22,984 14,732 12,829 1,451 1,621 88 156 32 54 178 138 27 67 40 92 1,647 6,357 3 ' 3,045 365,815 376 1,223 163 323 173,681 163,411 90,667 108,352 51,993 24,706 5,888 4,359 18,301 12,148 6,526 3,705 232 132 923,263 6,253,621 701 619,209 28 51,266 650 546,695 372 7,847 Table 5.— SELECTED FARM EXPENSES Labor Farms reporting Cash expended dollars Rent and board furnished dollars Fertilizer.. Farms reporting Amount expended dollars Feed Farms reporting Amount expended dollars Receipts from sale of feedable crops dollars 611 648,891 229,789 493 287, 761 542 411,630 6,996 2,688 682, 149 214, 074 1,807 83,317 2,874 582, 230 191,909 141 118, 918 79, 212 121 41,771 138- 103,076 3,724 759 290,889 51,417 454 42,685 876 254,013 19,846 5,621 645,723 227,369 3,766 123,836 6,590 905,505 197,372 2,248 371,659 130, 199 1,927 78,061 2,600 330, 983 132, 078 727 160, 930 61,766 637 31,043 712 88,132 174,584 2,391 407,979 144,071 1,332 32,225 2,629 436,392 186,952 1,272 173,101 47,430 700 23,496 940 72,529 139,745 STATISTICS OF AGRICULTURE. AND PRODUCTION OF PRINCIPAL CROPS, BY COUNTIES: 1909-Continued. 681 Seneca. Steuben. Soflolk. • Sullivan. Tioga. Tompkins. trister. Warren. Washing- ton. Wayne. Westches- ter. Wyoming. Yates. 1 2 3 2,542,752 1,007,213 67,069 791,025 206,093 389,767 81,585 5,037,866 1,238,290 19, 186 2,322,985 1,434,758 3,681,470 635,196 1,908,630 261,774 1,787,662 476,192 2,608,033 862,492 4,103,589 584,752 921,432 85,286 3,279,161 866,323 6,006,024 1,533,364 2,460,930 162,143 3,949,947 914,525 2,682,678 773,914 4 g 8,629 347,260 754 1,008,561 1,198 743,32.') 19,045 967,388 418 1,291,790 1,313 385,731 15,790 1,374,831 195,945 1,199,720 828 733,275 461,552 1,294,972 159,960 575,380 Q 2,339,279 243,741 334,936 345,297 446,927 165,381 656,588 844,690 400,014 601,737 147,806 7 470, 769 551,888 94,258 135,322 65,307 133,336 1,365,204 48,757 121,975 1.951,005 218,042 406,312 806,977 256,858 259,478 166,694 180,475 414,498 234,964 243,654 281,300 946,636 270,849 50,661 118,542 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 54,979 1,611,085 10,954 334,218 21,879 649,066 13,495 124,173 22,451 17,472 37,660 52,404 35,080 8,132 51,123 86,610 7,037 48,398 2,093,206 924,014 405,703 820,868 1,382,024 880,629 134,637 1,382,706 2,432,366 250,116 1,456,687 1,100,138 8,552 13,989 4,632 4,535 8,514 12,421 2,205 18,594 25,633 4,049 2,752 8,987 228,411 743,721 146,600 141,680 278,503 433,322 60,750 697,342 911,653 188,181 109,590 234,613 70,992 2,602 5,969 17,185 21,727 9,583 1,612 25,322 34,683 1,443 29,925 19,389 1, 216, 138 61,257 138,200 353,398 596,746 226,235 39,595 659,913 1,010,043 34,620 915,608 43.5,232 8,783 3,735 14 962 6,223 1,305 2 66 16,470 241 10,309 12,090 331, 822 2,358 168,160 87,812 247 20,924 144,917 24,627 47 1,262 337,333 4,679 254,788 293,255 4,878 19 51 308 1,916 47 24 94 3,243 7 2,190 2,009 17 18 19 20 55,674 68,098 413 1,091 4,879 46,679 656 496 1,879 70,330 101 58,860 42,087 5,086 25,867 126 5,091 13,069 12,737 4,819 1,966 2,585 3,247 204 4,906 2,737 117,495 341,264 2,009 96,033 278,328 293,086 93,557 30,524 52,264 60,524 3,823 108,237 43,779 1,189 6,097 1,981 1,715 1,508 1,282 6,905 323 4,457 2,314 1,093 457 3,179 21 22,467 71, 102 29,702 23,532 21,591 22,004 103,132 3,125 70,016 42,062 18,912 9,169 61,017 22 20 31 4 4 82 1 . 5 72 13 255 98 1,552 1 11 120 1,973 26 321 23 274 433 55 78 1,515 8 24 2,221 632 29' 8 22 510 9 61 198 4,478 1 11,655 6,042 25 23,689 7,128 196 135 439 7,345 122 431 2,486 79,424 14 194,015 62,037 26 47,971 192,795 16,577 73,028 64,560 69,038 82,669 36,012 103,086 66,438 38,628 82,614 41,817 27 59,724 189,482 22,011 62,063 80,889 88,527 90,285 25,345 121,417 104,117 62,262 142,316 42,777 28 46,759 184,767 14,636 70,576 59,637 65,820 79,755 32,440 97,845 61,550 36,265 75,551 39,961 29 65,584 158,196 17,288 54,421 46,737 65,845 80,180 19,451 91,820 74,517 37,973 89,064 39,804 30 25,465 84,362 5,674 11,418 14,192 22,336 16,304 1,574 23,311 16, 171 6,206 15,349 20,150 31 29,635 73,950 7,528 9,781 11,667 24,232 20,331 1,336 21,788 19,362 7,631 17,628 19,066 32 17,485 96,405 7,653 28,938 43,861 37,155 43,835 10,000 62,658 41,757 17,382 57,318 16,256 33 20,864 79,468 *'SI 23,956 33,259 35,570 43,562 8,136 59, 172 49,300 19,028 66,775 16,126 34 3,155 3,038 275 281 471 2,612 592 178 3,454 2,392 99 2,132 3,021 35 4,078 3,338 385 331 621 3,262 832 158 4,045 3,179 164 2,922 3,600 36 317 230 109 31 47 265 98 12 49 803 11 560 345 37 786 743 194 29 88 615 230 8 66 2,096 13 1,484, 819 38 142 111 825 474 176 289 399 376 309 20,300 105 203 8,268 85 118 342 398 412 12,169 114 192 83 61 87 128 39 219 163 1,001 29,083 733 474 40 337' 590 713 592 3,276 18,627 41 321 478 551 19,323 369 1,877 14,751 9,505 6,546 462 10,725 63 106 42 391 528 986 700 58 86 843 2,496 1,082 1,038 259 183 278 43 571 604 989 474 34 77 619 2,061 1,043 1,276 393 213 266 44 32 387 741 720 318 133 584 430 376 234 833 613 615 45 72 481 1,000 1,IS3 714 316 1,027 611 1,350 726 1,684 983 312 46 789 7,113 288 1,032 4,541 2,998 1,386 645 3,777 3,592 1,253 6,264 1,058 47 3,497 30, 189 2,101 6,026 33,283 22,277 8,454 3,210 27,146 27,475 11,956 51,989 2,346 48 47 6 1 1 1 6 24 18 3 66 9,879 5 49 2,667 49 12 633 9" 121 12 5 12 58 123 246 1,757 50 2,833 30,524 15,407 3,312 5,960 4,908 4,282 1,882 10,443 9,280 51 290,310 3,279,953 2,200,178 259,461 729,623 689,360 293, 415 163,673 1,375,013 1,049,202 147,853 1,493,071 236,657 52 1,440 2,737 7,050 803 599 913 2,346 844 1,052 5,622 1,715 952 1,411 53 789 979,886 2 900 74, 797 98 131,096 3 3,946 152 185,935 54 26" iis' ioo' i2' 55 9 56 3,200 3,483 47 988 57 'i,'6i8" 78,' 892' 14,882 i7;28i' 3,292 13125' 47,' 552' 18,025 93,' 806' 77 343 30,' 847' 9 171 4 299 146 20 "239,' 376' 231,259 43,302 58 23,744 1,257 * 68 59 355" 13,858 19,414 6,790 4,112 12,338 12,938 8^133 1,292 42 60 307,429 310,814 79,253 174,061 100,632 191,077 688,792 81,702 136,177 1,163,372 171,250 316,763 274,938 61 405,556 366, 020 53,398 322,216 101,667 192,837 949,763 65,639 140,229 3,668,213 279,899 644,313 299,702 62 123,437 248,961 27,760 159,258 S'52^ 119,084 240,933 75,557 111,069 812, 410 139,937 270,801 161,161 63 276,604 338,957 28,431 315,058 90,324 164,058 667,671 63,514 128,006 3,304,197 253,870 624, 899 238,606 64 81,440 8,200 30,333 3,382 4,96i 34,090 313,971 181 185 166,854 16,172 3,683 48,350 65 61, 279 3,154 17,555 16,096 1,809 2,001 17,833 196, 190 1 130,554 102,279 12,614 9,350 1 232 23,809 32,549 66 29;468 15,038 6,762 6,696 16,609 95,392 795' 9,382 25', 420 67 23,066 12,269 6,779 4,227 4,942 12,613 68,307 473 7,662 78,034 10,620 12,619 17,635 68 33,190 20,258 2,423 2,811 5,607 9,908 24,138 2,578 7,842 21,976 2,194 9,462 19,841 69 26,895 7,747 823 702 2,253 4,438 10,990 1,161 2,910 15,711 1,350 3,849 13,702 70 27,063 15,412 2,657 1,730 7,279 10, 847 11,005 2,578 7,626 35,385 2,384 6,134 10,002 71 8,952 3,802 862 399 2,031 3,700 6,353 389 1,643 18,304 956 1,631 4,364 72 1,391 267 956 W 36 461 3,277 6 58 14, 119 1,178 1,211 2,764 73 554 69 412 18 4 166 320 2 6 11,244 479 179 1,437 74 561,869 2,568,026 5,265 3,693 2,607 71,922 1,969,301 1,165 2,618 65,076 5,511 6,525 5,123,572 75 6,157,171 17,509,702 72,849 61,549 56, 413 550,090 13,358,000 23,117 63,126 1,083,859 120,526 57, 197 36,941,168 76 71 271 385 22 76 101 2,797 62 75 2,0U 96 98 1,297 77 112,610 317,674 563,396 38,554 127,480 164,434 6,371,934 87,185 134,382 3,568,606 164,497 121,638 966,480 78 36 68 108 8 30 46 895 39 38 192 61 25 41 79 59,464 150,646 224,332 18,623 85,007 103,497 2,791,601 69,820 90,200 396, 371 125,691 42,825 67,293 80 20 179 13 6 30 36 707 13 17 1,652 15 48 1,225 854,517 81 32,070 138,172 12,593 10,846 29,038 31,708 1,214,514 9,853 20,435 2,812,202 14,033 50,065 82 542 1,792 256 644 7,132 1,982 8,391 1,286 2,236 2,456 1,224 693 230 83 8,950 36,699 12, 198 5,995 58,417 43,529 124,732 30,475 36,732 89,329 15,314 43,451 7,920 AND RECEIPTS, BY COUNTIES: 1909— Continued. 1,554 335,771 87,928 1,444 69,751 783 64,022 457,936 4,718 637,367 160,744 2,319 98,528 4,401 391,061 443,128 1,795 761, 112 215,562 2,141 838,006 1,876 601, 616 46,353 2,128 271,427 85,331 971 29,490 3,299 635,428 • 25,032 1,768 190, 170 50,942 1,217 48,448 2,123 347,753 51,733 1,953 332,160 81,825 1,585 64,572 1,832 243,583 242,296 3,324 904,934 222,583 2,266 152,273 3,935 846, 157 213, 162 1,086 152,072 32, 766 718 16,926 1,499 184, 886 20,185 2,665 439,222 176,901 1,734 57,318 2,553 287,666 115,564 3,623 832,807 188, 137 2,430 174,661 2,727 259,853 201,922 1,388 1,404,167 293,661 640 84,232 1,471 738, 686 47,676 2,249 1,864 408,725 337,571 132,549 101,689 2,774 1,391 137,550 57,802 2,524 1,139 384,848 92,386 166,115 184,665 682 SUPPLEMENT FOR NEW YORK. Table 6.— NUMBER AND VALUE OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS NOT ON FARMS, BY COUNTIES: APRIL 15, 1910. Inclosuies reportmi domestic animals. . Value of domestic animals dollars. Cattle: Total number Value dollars. Number of dairy cows Hoises: Total number Value dollars. Number of mature horses Mules and asses and burros: Total number Value dollars. Number of mature mules Swine: Total number Value dollars . Sbeep and goats: Total number Value dollars. The State. 111,SS3 63,722,021 47,508 2,017,616 32,225 303.256 60,371,030 301,893 3,634 742,143 3,448 32,316 413,497 26,131 177,735 Albany. 2,359 1,375,534 553 23,592 431 6,120 1,345,535 6,100 15 1,405 13 417 4,198 119 804 Allegany. 1,882 433,521 1,552 62,410 1,134 2,216 363,875 2,156 18 3,550 18 329 3,510 44 176 Broome. 1,504 480,159 349 13,930 282 2,573 457,769 2,549 34 5,852 25 50 512 Catt> raugus. 1,925 392,701 1,487 . 60,511 1,158 2,314 326,627 2,259 391 3,532 24 171 Cayuga. 1,794 494,244 581 23,276 432 2,872 463,035 2,858 25 4,550 21 307 3,017 59 Chau- tauqua. 2,061 576,487 1,188 48,651 894 3,312 618,049 3,286 31 5,175 29 3,430 16 162 Chemung. 1,121 317,576 241 8,258 176 1,911 304,660 1,877 23 3,900 23 85 660 Chenango. 1,213 327,043 408 15,668 295 2,037 307,512 2,014 7 1,225 7 241 2,653 14 85 Clinton. 1,646 341,646 1,242 45,050 957 2,007 273,223 1,967 113 19,360 110 373 21 91 Columbia. Cortland. Delaware. Dutchess. Erie. Franklin. Fulton. Genesee. Greene. Inclosures reporting domestic animals. . Value of domestic animals dollars . Cattle: Total number Value dollars. Number of dairy cows Horses: Total number Value dollars. Number of mature horses Uules and asses and bniros: Total number Value dollars. Number of mature mules Swine: Total number Value dollars. Sheep and goats: Total number Value dollars. 1,441 381,138 602 20,065 421 2,127 356,626 2,117 1 100 1 427 4,070 44 277 912 ,S22 207 295 10,769 196 1,345 194,537 1,334 5 1,075 5 133 1,065 13 76 1,326 375,403 732 24,171 497 2,190 344,202 2,172 21 2,925 11 426 3,905 24 200 1,942 659,868 19,445 3,590 632,452 3,575 12 2,350 12 5,365 31 256 7,049 3,777,815 272,610 1,190 17,146 3,133,113 17,100 274 60,028 273 21,959 142,775 1,151 297,261 1,004 37,694 794 1,744 257,801 1,730 7 390 3 145 1,322 11 54 1,326 387,985 970 '37,233 731 2,245 343,658 2,212 10 1,235 6 507 5,767 10 92 1,036 347,052 311 11,293 250 1,864 334,612 1,853 4 400 48 614 16 133 1,070 296,653 291 12,395 237 1,749 278,973 1,730 23 3,175 22 135 1,508 134 602 1,027 615 24,427 462 1,649 259,380 1,643 4 500 4 181 36 176 Hamilton. Herkimer. Jefferson. Kings. Lewis. Livingston Madison. Monroe. Mont- gomery. Nassau. Inclosures reporting domestic animals. . Value of domestic animals dollars. Cattle: Total number Value dollars. Number of dairy cows HOTses: Total number Value dollars . Number of mature horses Holes and asses and burros: Total number Value dollars. Number of mature mules Swine: Total number Value dollars. Sheep and goats: Total number Value dollars. 127 79,685 171 7,347 134 323 71,375 321 57 932 1,165 366,609 441 19,467 319 2,039 338,310 2,016 20 5,410 17 3,335 13 87 2,714 627,953 947 37,952 679 4,043 582,599 3,978 11 600 1 678 6,629 25 173 6,811 1,283,246 755 42,138 703 38,238 1,079,246 38,188 586 160,644 568 20 257 106 961 667 205,562 332 13,526 254 1,244 189,239 1,229 2 700 2 243 2,091 1 6 1,521 349,833 922 37,681 728 2,086 306,505 2,058 14 1,730 10 2,954 1,273 320,295 467 19,538 317 1,940 295,642 1,912 16 1,915 289 1,175 161 963 3,507 1,658,768 32,407 531 8,845 1,597,044 8,828 102 20,146 359 4,013 170 5,168 1,182 387,155 210 8,999 154 2,103 371,169 2,089 19 4,420 18 241 2,409 19 158 2,968 1,659,472 1,582 94,174 1,319 6,576 1,549,129 6,564 9,540 46 461 5,393 132 1,231 New York. Niagara. Oneida. Onondaga. Ontario. Orange. Orleans. Oswego. Otsego. Putnam. Inclosures reporting domestic animals. . Value of domestic animals dollars . Cattle : Total number Value dollars. Number of dairy cows Horses: Total number Value dollars. Number of mature horses Uules and asses and bnrros: Total number Value dollars . Number of mature mules Swine: Total number Value dollars. Sbeep and goats: Total number Value dollars . 17, 17, 3,966 651,577 901 24,762 225 73,780 494,158 73,762 421 69,670 411 4,087 58,609 540 4,378 1,916 568,371 728 31,603 695 3,080 522,599 3,070 54 11,920 53 234 1,728 95 521 2,667 1,038,963 832 36,327 628 5,402 958,558 5,370 141 39,340 140 411 4,486 41 272 2,950 1,381,894 720 31,897 513 7,189 1,344,214 7,155 14 3,235 12 214 2,287 18 261 1,560 397,892 573 23,954 463 2,309 368,735 2,290 13 1,925 12 303 3,042 29 236 2,366 1,114,405 613 30,761 494 5,575 1,047,687 5,535 204 32,910 196 297 2,822 26 225 1,463 324,996 436 19,055 345 1,871 296,715 1,862 22 3,S50 20 443 4,657 123 719 1,534 433,127 1,021 37,247 703 2,547 385,038 2,521 42 7,960 41 258 2,655 48 227 1,401 350,711 463 18,571 336 2,170 327,628 2,151 3 620 3 373 3,877 15 419 152,127 111 5,250 81 798 130,058 797 104 16,165 104 636 4 18 STATISTICS OF AGRICULTURE. 683 Table 6.— NUMBER AND VALUE OP DOMESTIC ANIMALS NOT ON FARMS, BY COUNTIES: APRIL 15, 1910— Continued. Inclosures reporting domestic animals. Value of domestic animals dollars. Cattle: Total number Value dollars. Number of dairy cows Horses : Total number Value dollars . N umber of mature horses Mules and asses and burros: Total number Value dollars. Nimiber of mature mules Swine: Total number Value dollars. Sheep and goats: Total number Value dollars. Queens. 3,464 2,268,322 51,710 .796 9,802 2,193,944 9,792 97 18,140 87 103 1,110 409 3,418 Rensse- laer. 2,120 844,876 S98 24,758 455 4,346 812,532 4,322 21 3,625 19 350 3,427 152 634 Rich- mond. 1,476 660,900 385 20,429 357 3,459 637,816 3,454 13 1,385 10 27 216 137 1,054 Rock- land. 1,434 592,895 908 34,624 575 2,766 551,254 2,756 27 3,636 21 298 2,975 59 607 St. Law- rence. 2,906 679,988 1,303 63,608 973 4,341 619,105 4,277 4 410 2 701 6,481 74 384 1,458 460,291 648 27,455 544 2,538 426,606 2,520 12 1,800 11 376 4,429 20 101 Schenec- tady. 941 366,247 92 4,090 2,039 361,115 3 215 1 51 464 53 373 Schoharie. 850 160,249 312 11,773 238 1,067 144,606 1,069 3 550 3 3,211 20 110 Schuyler. 615 110,488 210 8,630 187 676 100,437 2 260 118 1,118 10 S3 Seneca. 771 168,466 334 13,463 1,038 162,019 1,021 6 640 5 226 2,160 17 184 Steuben. 2,440 572,284 1,314 45,487 976 3,379 516,949 3,320 27 5,800 22 363 3,743 61 305 SufloUi. SuUivan. Tioga. Tomp- kins. Ulster. Warren. Washing- ton. Wayne. Westches- ter. Wyoming. Yaies. Inclosures reporting domestic animals. Value of domestic animals dollars. Cattle: Total number Value dollars. Number of dairy cows Horses: Total number Value dollars. Number of mature horses Mules and asses and burros: Total number Value dollars. Number of mature mules Swine: Total number Value dollars . Sheep and goats : Total number Value dollars. 2,798 895,381 2,132 104,278 1,548 6,060 763,650 5,049 72 13,058 62 1,208 12,277 247 2,118 252,997 629 18,796 400 1,494 228,380 1,482 12 2,360 12 283 3,231 807 188,463 304 10,984 231 1,191 175,331 1,165 1,000 7 100 970 29 178 913 240,573 361 14,085 279 1,560 223,945 1,546 7 1,000 7 147 1,137 61 406 3,022 891, 143 1,085 37,618 814 4,340 720,880 4,320 525 119,780 522 1,368 12,258 106 607 991 360,676 648 24,131 647 1,711 334,518 1,678 132 396,442 525 20, 190 2,229 367,379 2,211 158 16,950 168 225 2,728 5 195 1,355 330,246 436 18,476 334 1,984 307,405 1,974 5 900 3 331 3,353 20 112 4,366 2,791,648 1,663 100,345 1,288 12,665 2,644,899 12,652 154 38,200 146 453 5,073 299 3,131 1,112 249,943 453 18,618 339 1,587 226,624 1,571 1,800 8 252 2,649 35 362 132,039 240 9,964 193 815 120,550 134 1,467 10 58 Chapter 4. STATISTICS OF MANUFACTURES FOR THE STATE, CITIES, AND INDUSTRIES. Introduction. — This chapter gives the statistics of manufactures for the state of New York for the cal- endar year 1909, as shown by the Thirteenth Census. The text summarizes the general results of the census inquiry, presenting a series of special tables in which the main facts printed in the general tables are given in convenient form for the state as a whole and for important industries. It also presents tables in which the statistics for the industries of the state as a whole and for a few important industries are classified by character of ownership, size of establishments, number of wage earners, and prevailing hours of labor, information which could not be presented in general tables for each industry without disclosing the facts for individual establishments. At the end of the chapter are three general tables. Table I gives for 1909, 1904, and 1899 the number of establishments and of persons engaged in the indus- tries, primary power, capital, salaries and wages, cost of materials, value of products, and value added by manufacture reported for all industries combined and for certain important industries (1) for the state as a whole and (2) for the cities of Albany, Buffalo, New York City (also by boroughs), Rochester, Schenectady, Syracuse, Troy, Utica, and Yonkers. It also gives ' the same items for all industries combined for every city and vUlage, except Lackawanna, having in 1910 a population of over 10,000 but less than 50,000. Table II gives statistics in detail for 1909 for the state and for a larger number of industries. Table III gives statistics in detail for 1909 for the 9 cities having 50,000 inhabitants or more, for all industries combined and selected industries, and for each city having from 10,000 to 50,000 inhabitants for all industries combined. Scope of census : Factory industries. — Census statistics oi manu- factures are compiled primarily for the piu:pose of showing the absolute and relative magnitude of the different branches of indus- try covered and their growth or decline. Incidentally, the effort is made to present data throwing light upon character of organiza- tion, location of establishments, size of establishments, labor force, and similar subjects. When use is made of the data for these pur- poses it is imperative that due attention Should be given to the limitations of the figures. Particularly is this true when the attempt is made to derive from them figures purporting to show average wages, cost of production, or profits. These limitations will be fully discussed in the general report on manufactures for the United States as a'whole. The census of 1909, like that of 1904, was confined to manufac- turing establishments conducted under the factory system, as dis- tinguished from the neighborhood, hand, and building industries. Where statistics for 1899 are given they have been reduced to a comparable basis by eliminating the latter claBses of industries. The census does not include establishments which were idle diuring the entire year, or had a value of products of less than $500, or the manufacturing done in educational, eleemosynary, and penal insti- tutions, or in governmental establishments, except those of the Federal Government. Period covered.— The returns cover the calendar year 1909, or the business year which corresponds most nearly to that calendar year. The statistics cover a year's operations, except for estab- lishments which began or discontinued business during the year. The establishment.— The term "establishment" comprises the factories, mills, or plants which are under a common ownership or control, and for which one set of books of account is kept. If, however, the plants constituting an establishment as thus defined were not all located within the same city or state, separate reports were secured in order that the separate totals might be included in the statistics for each city or state. In some instances separate reports were secured for different industries carried on in the same establiBhrnent. Classification by industries. — The establishments were assigned to the several classes of industries according to their products of chief value. The products reported for a given industry may thus, on the one hand, include minor products very different from those covered by the class designation, and, on the other hand, may not include the total product covered by this designation, because some part of this product may be made in establishments in which it is not the product of chief value. Selected industries. — The geheral tables at the end of this chap- ter give the principal facts separately for the indxistries of the state. A selection has been made of the leading industries of the state for more detailed consideration Sometimes an industry of greater importance than some of those selected is omitted because it comprises so few establishments that these detailed presenta- tions would reveal the operations of individual concerns. Comparisons with previous censuses. — Owing to the changes in industrial conditions it is not always possible to classify establish- ments by industries in such a way as to permit accirrate compari- son with preceding censuses. Table I, giving comparable figures for 1909, 1904, and 1899, therefore, does not embrace all the indus- tries shown for 1909 in Table II. Influence of increased prices. — In considering changes in cost of materials, value of products, and value added by manufacture, account should be taken of the general increase in the prices of commodities during recent years. To the extent to which this factor has been influential the figures can not be taken as an exact measure of increase in the volume of business. Persons engaged in industry. — At the censuses of 1909, 1904, and 1899 the following general classes of persons engaged in manufactur- ing industries have been distinguished: (1) Proprietors and firm members, (2) salaried officers of corporations, (3) superintendents and managers, (4) clerks, and (5) wage earners. In the censuses of 1904 and 1899 these five classes were shown according to the three main groups: (1) Proprietors and firm members, (2) salaried officials, clerks, etc., and (3) wage earners. The second group included the three classes of salaried officers of corporations, superintendents and (685) 686 SUPPLEMENT FOR NEW YORK. managers, and clerks. In the present census an entirely different grouping is employed: That into (1) proprietors and officials, (2) clerks, and (3) wage earners. The first group includes proprietors and firm members, salaried officers of corporations, and superin- tendents and managers. At this census the number of persons engaged in the industries, segregated by sex, and, in the case of wage earners, also by age (whether under 16 or 16 and over), was reported for December 15, or the nearest representative day. The 15th of December was selected as representing for most industries normal conditions of employ- ment, but where conditions were exceptional, and particularly in the case of certain seasonal industries, such as canning, the Decem- ber date could not be accepted as typical and an earlier date had to be chosen. In the case of employees other than wage earners the number thus reported on December 15, or other representative day, has been treated as equivalent to the average for the year, since the number of employees of this class does not vary much from month to month in a given industry. In the case of wage earners the average is obtained in the manner explained in the next paragraph. Wage earners. — In addition to the report by sex and age of the number of wage earners on December 15, or other representative day, a report was obtained of the number employed on the 15th of each month, without distinction of sex or age. From tjhese figures the average number of wage earners for the year has been calculated by dividing the sum of the numbers reported each month by 12. The average thus Obtained represents the number of wage earners that would be required to perform the work done if all were con- stantly employed diu'ing the entire year. Accordingly, the impor- tance of any industry as an employer of labor is believed to be more accurately measured by this average than by the nimiber employed at any one time or on a given day. The number of wage earners reported for the representative day, though given for each separate industry, is not totaled for all indus- tries combined, because, in view of the variations of date, such a total is believed not to be significant. It would involve more or less duplication of persons working in different industries at different times, would not represent the total nimiber employed in all industries at any one time, and would give an undue weight to seasonal industries, as compared with industries in continual operation. In particular, totals by sex and age for the wage earners reported for the representative day would be misleading because of the undue weight given to seasonal Industrie?, in some of which, such as can- ning and preserving, the distribution of the wage earners by sex and age is materially different from that in most industries of more regular operation. In order to determine as nearly as possible the sex and age distribution of the average nimiber of wage earners in the state as a whole, the following procedure has been adopted: The percentage distribution by sex and age of the wage earners in each industry, for December 15, or the nearest representative day, has been calculated from the actual mmibers reported for that date. This percentage has been applied to the average number of wage earners for the year in that industry, to determine the aver- age number of men, women, and children employed. These calcu- lated averages for the several industries have been added up to give the average distribution for the state as a whole. In 1899 and 1904 the schedule called for the average number of wage earners of each sex 16 years and over, and the total number under 16 years of age, for each month, and these monthly state- ments were combined in an annual average. Comparatively few manufacturing concerns, however, keep their books in such way as to show readily the number of men, women, and children (under 16) employed each month. These monthly returns by sex and age were, in fact, largely estimates. It was believed that a more accurate and reliable sex and age distribution could be secured by taking as a basis of estimate the actual numbers employed on a single day. Prevailing hours of labor. — ^The census made no attempt to ascer- tain the number of employees working a given number of hours per week. The inquiry called merely for the prevailing practice followed in each establishment. Occasional variations in hoiuB in an establishment from one period to another are disregarded, and no attention is given to the fact that a limited nimiber of employ- ees may have hours differing from those of the majority. In the tables all the wage earners of each establishment are counted in the class within which the establishment itself falls. In most establishments, however, all or practically all the employees work the same number of hours, so that these figures give a substantially correct picture of the hours of labor in manufacturing industries. Capital. — For reasons stated in prior census reports, the statistics of capital secured by the census canvass are so defective as to be without value, except as indicating very general conditions. The instructions on the schedule for securing capital were as follows: The answer should show the total amount of capital, both owned and borrowed, on the last day of the business year reported. All the items of fixed and live capital may be taken at the amounts carried on the books. If land or buildings are rented, that fact should be stated and no value given. If a part of the land or buildings is owned, the remainder being rented, that fact should be so stated and only the value of the owned property given. Do not include securities and loans representing mvestmenta in other enterprises. Materials. — Cost of materials refers to the materials used duidng the year, which may be more or less than the materials purchased during the year. The term materials includes fuel, rent of power and heat, mill supplies, and containers, as well as materials form- ing a constituent part of the product. Fuel includes all fuel used, whether for heat, light, or power, or for the process of manufacture. Expenses. — ^Under "Expenses" are included all items of expense incident to the year's business, except interest, whether on bonds or other forms of indebtedness, and allowances for depreciation. Value of products. — The value of products for any industry includes the total value of all products manufactured in estab- lishments whose products of chief value fall under the industry designation. The amounts given represent the selling value at the factory of all products manufactured during the year, which may differ from the value of the products sold. Amounts received for work on materials furnished by others are included. Value added by manufacture. — The value of products is not a satisfactory measure of either the absolute or the relative impor- tance of a given industry, because only a part of this value is actually created by the manufacturing process carried on in the industry itself. Another part of it, and often by far the larger part, represents the value of the materials used, which have been produced by agricultvure or mining or by other industrial estab- lishments. For many purposes, therefore, the best measure of the importance of different classes of industry is the value created as the result of the manufacturing operations carried on within the • industry. This value is obtained by deducting the cost of the materials consumed from the value of the product. The figure thus obtained is termed in the census reports "value added by manufacture." There is a further statistical advantage which "value added" has over gross value of products. In combining the value of prod- ucts for all industries the value of products produced by one estab- lishment and used as materials in another is duplicated, and the total, therefore, gives a greatly exaggerated idea of the wealth created. No such duplication takes place in the total "value added by manufacture." Cost of manufacture and profits. — Census data do not show the entire cost of manufacture, and consequently can not be used to show profits. No account has been taken of interest and de- preciation. Even if the amount- of profit could be determined by deducting the expenses from the value of the products, the rate of profit on the investment could not properly be calculated, because of the very defective character of the returns regarding capital. Primary power. — The figures given for this item show the total of the primary power used by the establishments. They do not cover the power developed by motors operated by such power, the inclusion of which would evidently result in duplication. STATISTICS OF MANUFACTURES. 687 Location ol establishments.— The Census Bureau has classified establishments by their location in cities or classes of cities. In interpreting these figures due consideration should be given to the fact that often establishments are located just outside the bound- aries of cities, and are necessarily so classified, though locally they are looked upon as constituting a part of the manufacturing inter- ests of the cities. Laundries. — ^The census of 1909 was the first to include statistics of laundries. The reports are confined to establishments using mechanical power. The data are presented separately and are not included in the general total for manufactiu'ing industries. Custom sawmills and gristmills. — In order to make the statistics for 1909 comparable with those for 1904 the data for these mills have been excluded from all the tables presenting general statistics. INDUSTBIES IN GENEBAL. General character of the state. — New York, with a gross area of 49,204 square miles, of which 1,550 square miles represent water surface, I'anks twenty-ninth in size among the states of the Union. Its population in 1910 was 9,113,614, as compared with 7,268,894 in 1900 and 6,003,174 in 1890. It has ranked &st among the states and territories as regards population since 18^0. In density of population New York is the fifth state in the Union, having 191.2 persons per square mile in 1910, the corresponding figure for 1900 being 152.5. Seventy-eight and eight-tenths^ per cent of the entire population of the state in 1910 resided in incorporated places having a population of 2,500 or over, as against 72.9 per cent in 1900. In 1910 the following 9 cities in the state had a popu- lation of over 50,000 : New York City, 4,766,883 ; Buffalo 423,715; Rochester, 218,149; Syracuse, 137,249; Albany 100,253; Yonkers, 79,803; Troy, 76,813; Utica, 74,419; and Schenectady, 72,826. There were also 42 cities and villages having a population of over 10,000 but less than 50,000.^ The 51 cities and villages having more than 10,000 inhabitants contained 74.3 per cent of the total population of the state, while only 4.5 per cent resided in incorporated places having between 2,500 and 10,000 inhabitants. The geographic position and topography of New York, as weU as the abundant natural wealth of its fields, forests, mines, and quarries, have contributed to its industrial development and have been instru- mental in making it the leading manufacturing state of the Union. The Mohawk, upper Hudson, Black, «. and Genesee Rivers and Niagara FaUs furnish the major part of the water power, which, either directly or through the agency of transmitted electric current, serves a large percentage of the manufacturing estab- lishments of the state. The Hudson River, the Erie Canal, connecting Lake Erie with the Hudson River, and a system of canals which connect Lake Ontario with the Erie Canal and Lake Champlain with the Hudson River, form a network of inland waterways for the exchange of various commodities within the state and furnish excellent communication by water from Duluth and Chicago in the West and from various points in Canada on the north to New York City, thereby affording an outlet for coastwise and foreign commerce through the most important seaport in the United States. A large majority of the conunercial and manufacturing centers of the state are located on ' For the names and the population of these cities and villages, see the table on p. 702. these waterways or on the connecting waterways which border the state. The 8,448 nules ^ of steam-railway trackage within the state also afford excellent trans- portation facilities. Importance and growth of manufactures. — ^Although New York has important interests in agriculture and mining, its predominance is most marked in manufac- turing. Since the completion of the Erie Canal in 1825, New York has held the foremost rank in this respect, though since 1849, when the first authorita- tive census of manufactures was taken, the proportion which the state has contributed to the total value of manufactured products in the entire United States has decreased somewhat. This proportion was 23.3 per cent in 1849 and only 16.3 per cent in 1909. In 1849 the total value of the manufactured products of New York, including those of the neighborhood and hand industries, amounted to $237,597,249, while in 1909, exclusive of the value of the products of the neigh- borhood and hand industries, it reached a total of $3,369,490,192, or more than fourteen times that in 1849. During the same period the population of the state increased 194.2 per cent. In 1849 an average of 199,349 wage earners, representing 6.4 per cent of the total population were employed in manufactures, while in 1909 an average of 1,003,981 wage earners, or 11 per cent of the total population, were so engaged. During this period the gross value of products per capita of the total population of the state increased from $77 to $370. The table on page 688 gives the most important figures relative to aU classes of manufactures combined for 1909, 1904, and 1899, together with the percentages of increase from census "to census. In 1909 the state of New York had 44,935 manufac- turing estabhshments, which gave employment to an average of 1,203,241 persons during the year and paid out $743,263,000 in salaries and wages. Of the persons employed, 1,003,981 were wage earners. These estab- lishments turned out products to the value of $3,369,490,000, to produce which materials costing $1,856,904,000 were utilized. The value added by manufacture was thus $1,512,586,000, which figure, as explained in the Introduction, best represents the net wealth created by manufacturing operations during the year. The totals presented in the table on page 688 donotin- clude the statistics for five establishments operated by 2 Interstate Commerce Commission, Statistics of Railways in the United States, 1909. 688 SUPPLEMENT FOR NEW YORK. the Federal Government — the United States Naval Clothing Factory and the United States navy yard at Brooklyn, the United States Lighthouse Establish- ment at Tompkinsville, the Watervliet Arsenal, and the West Point gas plant. In 1909 these plants em- ployed an average of 4,095 wage earners and reported products valued at $9,330,918. In general, this table shows that the manufacturing industries of New York as a whole developed at about the same rate during each of the two five-year periods covered by the table. The earlier five-year period, 1899-1904, shows the larger percentages of increase in value added by manufacture and in number of wage earners, but the later period, 1904-1909, shows the greater gaias in number of establishments and in value of products. During this latter period the number of establishments increased 20.8 per cent and the average number of wage earners 17.2 per cent, while the value of products increased 35.4 per cent and the value added by manufacture 32.7 per cent. As poiated out in the Introduction, it would be im- proper to infer that manufactures increased in volume to the full extent indicated by these figures relating to values, since the increase shown is certainly due, in part, to the increase that has taken place in the prices of commodities. Niimber of establiahments Persons engaged in manufactures Proprietors and firm members Salaried employees Wage earners (average number) Primary horsepower Capital Expenses Services Salaries Wages Materials Miscellaneous Value of products Value added by manufacture (value of products less cost of materials) NUMBEB OR AMOtlNT. 1909 44,935 1, 203, 241 47, 569 151, 691 1, 003, 981 1, 997, 662 $2, 779, 497, 000 2, 986, 241, 000 743,263,000 186,032,000 557, 231, 000 1, 856, 904, 000 386, 074, 000 3, 369, 490, 000 1, 512, 586, 000 1904 37, 194 996, 725 41, 766 98, 012 856, 947 1, 516, 592 $2, 031, 460, 000 2, 191, 339, 000 541, 160, 000 111, 145, 000 430, 015, 000 1,348,603,000 301, 576, 000 2,488,346,000 1, 139, 743, 000 1899 35, 957 8 68,030 726, 909 1, 099, 931 $1, 523, 503, 000 1, 617, 605, 000 414, 064, 000 76, 740, 000 337, 324, 000 1, 018, 377, 000 185,164,000 1, 871, 831, 000 853,454,000 PES CENT OF mCBEASE. 1904r-1909 1899-1904 20.8 20.7 13.9 54.8 17.2 31.7 36.8 36.3 37.3 67.4 29.6 37.7 28.0 35.4 32.7 3.4 44.1 17.9 37.9 33.3 35.5 30.7 44.8 27.5 32.4 62.9 32.9 33.5 ' Figures not available. The relative importance and growth of the leading manufacturing industries of the state are shown in the table on pages 689 and 690. It should be borne in mind, in considering that table, that the value of products in some of the industries involves a certain amount of duplication, due to the use of the products of one establishment in the indus- try as material for other establishments. The table referred to gives separate statistics for 139 industries or industry groups for which products valued at more than $1,000,000 were reported in 1909. These industries include 12, with products exceeding $50,000,000 in value; 20, with products between $25,000,000 and $50,000,000 in value; and 26, with products between $10,000,000 and $25,000,000, making an aggregate of 58 industries with a value of products in excess of $10,000,000 each. The other industries 'shown separately comprise 30 with products between $5,000,000 and $10,000,000 in value, and 51 with products between $1,000,000 and $5,000,000. In addition to the industries presented separately in the table, there were 32 other industries in the state which reported products in 1909 to the value of $1,000,000 or over, comprising 5, with products exceeding $10,000,000 in value; 2, with products be- tween $5,000,000 and $10,000,000 in value; and 25, with products between $1,000,000 and $5,000,000 in value. These industries are included under the head of "All other industries" in the table, in some in- stances, because the operations of individual estab- lishments would be disclosed if they were shown separately; in others, because the returns do not present properly the true condition of the industry, for the reason that it is more or less interwoven with one or more other industries ; and in still others, because comparative statistics can not be presented for either 1904 or 1899 on account of changes in classification or because such figures would disclose the operations of individual establishments.' Of the industries which are not presented separately in this table, the refining of cane sugar is of special importance, as New York contributed over one-third of the total value of products for the industry in 1909. The 1909 statistics for the manufacture of moving pictures and of signs and advertising novelties are presented separately in Table II, page 766. '■ These industries are: Awnings, tents, and sails. Baking powders and yeast. Belting and liose, woven and rubber. Billiard tables and materials. Coke. Flavoring extracts. Glucose and starch. Glue. Grease and tallow. Iron and steel, bolts, nuts, washers, and rivets, not made in steel works or roll- ing mills. Iron and steel, doors and shutters. Iron and steel forgings. Labels and tags. Liquors, distilled. Locomotives, not made by railroad com- panies. Matches. Mineral and soda waters. Moving pictures. Mucilage and paste. Oil, not elsewhere specified. Paving materials. Pencils, lead. Petroleum, refining. Roofing materials. Signs and advertising novelties. Smelting and refining, copper. Sporting and athletic goods. Sugar rSSning, not inoluding beet sugar. Sulphuric, nitric, and mixed acids. Tin foil. Upholstering materials. Waste. STATISTICS OF MANUFACTURES. 689 There are a large number of industries in New York which are of considerable importance, not only in the state, but in the United States. Furthermore, it will be seen from the following table, or still more clearly from Table II, where figures are given separately for an even larger number of industries, that there is a wide diversity in the manufacturing activities of the state. With the exception of Pennsylvania, the diver- sity is greater in New York than in any other state in the Union. Of the 264 classifications used in the pres- entation of the 1909 manufactures, statistics for the country as a whole, 243 were represented in New York. Alllndastiles. Clothing, women's Clothing, men's, including shirts Printing and publishiog Foundry and machine-shop products. 'Slaughtering and meat paclcmg Bread and other bakery products Liquors, malt Tobacco manufactures Lumber and timber products Flour-mill and gristmill products Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. ■WAGE EAENEBS. Average number. Hosiery and knit goods Millinery and lace goods Electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies Paper and wood pulp Boots and shoes, including cut stock and flndmgs.. Butter, cheese, and condensed milk Gas, illuminating and heating Furnishing goods, men's Furniture and refrigerators Fur goods Iron and steel, steel works and rolling mills Copper, tin, and sheet-iron products Patent medicines and compoimds and druggists' prep- arations Chemicals - • ;■■.—,■■ Musical Instruments, pianos and organs and materials- Automobiles, including bodies and parts Paint and varnish - - Leather, tanned, curried, and finished Iron and steel, blast furnaces Silk and silk goods, including throwsters Carpets and rugs', other than rag Confectionery ■ - — - • — ■■■■- Woolen, worsted, and felt goods, and wool hats Soap ■ - - - • Brass and bronze products Cars and general shop construction and repairs by steam-raihoad companies - Artificial flowers and feathers and plumes Leather goods Jflwfilrv • ...---■•---•---•---■■■*"•"""*""""'*■"■""""""' Cotton goods, including cotton small wares Canning and preservmg..... :■■,--,-•■ Photographic apparatus and materials.. Marble and stone work -■;■-■, — Coffee and spice, roasting and grinding. Food preparations Oil, linseed -• •Agricultural implements Gloves and mittens, leather Boxes, fancy and paper. ...... ---.-- Carriages and wagons and materials Gas and electric fixtures and lamps and reflectors.. Cordage and twine and jute and Imen goods Paper goods, not elsewhere specified Shipbuilding, including boat buildmg Malt Typewriters and supplies Hats, fur-felt Wire ■•■•-- Dyeing and finishing textiles. Buttons Smelting and refining, not from the ore. stoves and furnaces, including gas and oil stoves . Rubber goods, not elsewhere specified Lapidary work Brick and tile 44,935 3,083 2,983 4,426 1,872 238 3,978 184 3,371 2,263 360 931 217 178 296 1,552 141 375 676 863 25 686 743 74 184 113 147 109 16 249 64 67 247 479 47 790 42 ass 90 177 57 225 315 610 183 16 107 255 32 43 44 7 81 165 15 ■58 53 43 205 Fancy articles, not elsewhere specified Hair work Silverware and plated ware - ■ • ■ ■ - ■ Hats and caps, other than felt, straw, and wool House-furnishing goods, not elsewhere specified 1 Percentages are based on figures in Table I; a minus ' Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. Per cent distri- bution 1,003,981 98, 104 91,363 63,120 64,066 6,110 21,357 8,731 30,019 27,471 2,990 35,950 21,078 18,972 12,073 21,627 2,866 6,422 18, 186 20,281 8,244 10,091 14,689 4,728 6,746 11,938 9,861 3,047 5,688 2,298 12,903 11,898 8,570 9,460 2,976 6,651 16,454 8,493 7,586 5,379 10,663 7,075 4,088 6,939 1,519 3,023 566 5,717 6,287 11,538 6,116 6,017 6,952 4,303 5,644 524 4,538 5,013 1,439 6,252 6,126 284 4,247 2,066 499 8,080 3,430 2,313 3,065 3,348 1,812 100.0 9.8 9.1 6.3 6.4 0.6 2.1 0.9 3.0 2.7 0.3 3.6 2.1 1.9 1.2 2.2 0.-3 0.6 1.8 2.0 0.8 1.0 1.6 0.6 0.6 1.2 1.0 0.3 0.6 0.2 1.3 1.2 0.9 0.9 0.3 0.7 VALUE OP PEODUCTS. Amount. 1.6 0.8 0.8 0.5 1.1 0.7 0.4 0.7 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.6 0.6 1.1 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.6 0.1 0.6 0.5 0.1 0.6 0.6 (') 0.4 0.2 («) 0.8 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 Per cent distri- bution. $3,369,490,000 272,518,000 266,075,000 216,946,000 154,370,000 127,130,000 86,233,000 77,720,000 76,662,000 72,530,000 69,802,000 67,130,000 62,106,000 49,290,000 48,860,000 48,186,000 42,468,000 42,347,000 42,197,000 41,929,000 41,301,000 39,632,000 38,452,000 37,343,000 35,346,000 33,680,000 30,980,000 28,559,000 27,642,000 26,621,000 26,519,000 25,606,000 25,640,000 23,739,000 23,583,000 22,184,000 21,726,000 21,162,000 20,997,000 20,363,000 20,362,000 19,040,000 18,764,000 17,921,000 17,430,000 17,324,000 15,392,000 14,971,000 14,336,000 14,234,000 13,293,000 13,010,000 12,215,000 12,111,000 11,417,000 11,051,000 10,298,000 10,219,000 10,065,000 9,673,000 9,373,000 9,018,000 8,974,000 8,784,000 8,660,000 8,433,000 7,862,000 7,861,000 7,859,000 7,826,000 7,789,000 VALUE ADDED BT MANUTACTUEE. Amount. 100.0 8.1 7.9 6.4 4.6 2.6 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.0 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1 LO 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0:6 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3^ 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Per cent distri- bution. $1,512,586,000 124,376,000 130,748,000 160,452,000 92,749,000 16,962,000 33,496,000 68,837,000 45,321,000 30,826,000 9,332,000 28,453,000 24,971,000 21,807,000 17,093,000 19,211,000 6,297,000 27,329,000 20,621,000 22,773,000 17,161,000 13,643,000 17,417,000 24,754,000 15,637,000 16,185,000 16,072,000 10,664,000 6,701,000 5,704,000 12,570,000 12,291,000 9,896,000 8,995,000 7,971,000 9,046,000 11,638,000 8,904,000 9,365,000 9,930,000 8,626,000 7,371,000 13,797,000 10,845,000 4,776,000 7,664,000 2,764,000 8,666,000 6,313,000 8,121,000 7,484,000 7,698,000 4,626,000 6,325,000 7,492,000 2,179,000 8,417,000 4,813,000 2,241,000 5,534,000 5,205,000 751,000 5,432,000 3,125,000 2,341,000 6,716,000 4,541,000 3,361,000 4,270,000 3,961,000 2,099,000 PER CENT OF INCEEASE.l 100.0 8.2 8.6 10.6 6.1 1.1 2.2 3.9 3.0 2.0 0.6 1.9 1.6 1.4 1.1 1.3 0.4 1.8 1.4 1.5 1.1 0.9 1.2 1.6 1.0 1.1 1.1 0.7 0.4 0.4 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.9 0.7 0.3 0.6 0.2 0.6 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.1 0.6 0.3 0.1 0.4 0.3 m 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.1 Value of products. 1904- 1909 1904 Value added by manufacture. 1904- 1909 36.4 57.0 42.0 31.6 20.7 68.3 41.3 25.4 16.9 17.6 28.0 44.9 68.6 39.4 29.4 28.4 36.7 19.9 43.8 43.0 67.4 86.2 40.8 30.4 53.5 44.0 627.2 13.7 27.7 208.3 31.4 32.0 40.0 21.9 76.0 32.9 62.4 25.9 39.6 -0.2 29.4 41.8 10.4 22.2 16.9 51.8 28.6 66.1 66.8 41.3 33.4 16.9 68.8 21.5 429.4 21.9 64.8 61.5 18.9 65.8 140.9 41.6 7.9 43.9 58.6 834.2 33.1 -6.7 71.1 68.8 29.1 34.0 23.4 32.7 62.0 41.3 28.0 18.2 93.4 35.9 27.6 12.3 6.5 30.1 67.1 66.5 24.6 14.4 27.0 48.0 12.1 40.6 34.3 66.9 1899- 1904 10.4 -20.3 42.6 20.6 24.6 71.2 27.1 24.8 66.4 30.1 683*0 29.2 24.8 152.3 29.7 48.6 29.0 2.7 59.7 13.2 34.5 97.0 127.4 10.1 11.9 -35.4 20.1 51.9 60.4 65.4 17.6 14.8 23.8 44.1 -8.3 11.7 52.1 -9.2 4.6 45.2 44.4 -23.0 35.9 59.7 24.8 1.3 30.3 67.0 27.1 92.4 40.0 32.0 38.2 7.1 4,746.9 121.8 20.3 143.6 62.3 74.1 141.6 62.4 6.3 65.8 17.3 34.2 13.5 30.7 54 6 21.0 676.8 26.2 19.4 23.1 13.6 -17.5 22.2 14.3 27.8 251.4 19.2 59.2 80.1 5.4 103.5 2.9 11.6 61.6 58.9 16.1 48.5 13.0 -11.4 42.1 -12.0 67.6 3.0 30.9 87.5 12.9 60.6 83.1 120.6 61.9 51.4 -4.3 82.5 10 8 61.1 616.6 21.3 10.3 11.7 33.5 63.5 25.4 44.0 U.7 21.3 26.4 3.1 16.8 30.9 47.2 14.9 61.8 72.3 23.0 39.9 4.5 61.9 18.7 65.1 71.6 36.2 21.0 37.4 52.0 731.4 25.4 -7.2 47.0 57.9 12.6 41.5 23.4 24.5 -10.0 41.3 29.4 -5.5 46.6 187.0 16.8 -1.3 109.3 29.0 -6.1 42.8 4.4 26.4 26.5 3L5 25.5 42.9 42.3 3,002.2 35.9 65.3 -30.6 41.6 30.1 32.6 24.3 6.0 14.1 -11.6 22.3 sign (— ) denotes decrease. 'Where the percentages are omitted, comparable figures can not be given. 690 SUPPLEMENT FOR NEW YORK. Hats, straw Cooperage and wooden goods, not elsewhere specified. . Cara and general shop construction and repairs by street-railroad companies Umbrellas and canes Belting and hose, leather Brooms and brushes Cutlery and tools, not elsewhere specified Clocks and watches, including cases and materials Babbitt metal and solder Cars, steam-railroad, not including operations of rail- road companies Mattresses and spring beds Wirework, including wire rope and cable . Chocolate and cocoa products Bags, paper Window shades and fixtures Wall paper Corsets Dentists' materials Bags, other than paper Glass, cutting, staimng, and ornamenting Glass Dyestuffs and extracts Wall plaster Fertilizers Dairymen's, poulterers', and apiarists' supplies. Ink, printing Optical goods Blacking and cleansing and polishing preparations. Hat and cap materials Ice, manulactured Coffins, burial cases, and undertakers' goods. Steam packing Looking-glass and picture frames Oilcloth and linoleum Pottery, terra-cotta, and fire-clay products. . Wood distillation, not including turpentine and rosin. Stationery goods, not elsewhere specified Instruments, professional and scientific Mirrors Pens, fountain, stylographlo, and gold Pipes, tobacco Photo-engraving Salt Gold and silver, reducing and refining, not from the ore, Emery and other abrasive wheels Cordials and sirups Models and patterns, not including paper patterns . Wood, turned and carved Cement Firearms and ammunition Vinegar and cider Boxes, cigar Stereotyping and electrotyping . Paper patterns Lead, bar, pipe, and sheet Baskets, and rattan and willow ware , Flags, banners, regalia, society badges, and emblems. Toys and games Cork, cu ttmg Liquors, vinous Jewelry and instrument cases Candles Surgical appliances and artificial limbs. Artificial stone Furs, dressed Scales and balances Bicycles, motorcycles, and parts. Electroplating Cloth, sponging and refinishing. . AH other industries Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. 46 364 62 142 28 171 161 27 24 168 106 10 20 75 13 47 15 21 156 24 18 31 15 31 29 51 88 32 89 140 4 39 29 65 87 47 30 136 159 15 277 66 47 16 169 64 67 32 41 67 9 72 176 62 16 20 130 25 2,262 WAGE EABNEB3. Average number. 2,508 2,611 4,480 1,919 604 2,897 4,478 2,467 192 2,387 1,621 1,649 755 1,032 911 1,602 2,436 266 1,000 3,118 3,114 418 1,337 908 802 525 2,047 658 965 1,124 1,235 901 1,491 1,102 2,367 593 1,243 1,964 983 730 1,663 1,395 1,525 42 719 1,082 1,279 1,443 1,781 1,531 905 761 185 1,237 813 1,197 835 271 1,172 347 464 711 755 453 658 652 604 40,369 Per cent distri- bution. 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.2 (') 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 {») 0.1 0.3 0.3 m 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 m 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 m 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 (') 0.1 m m 0.1 0.1 m 0.1 0.1 0.1 4.0 VALUE OF PBOPftCTS. Amount. J7, 617, 000 7,526,000 6,640,000 6,427,000 6,420,000 6,290,000 6,218,000 6,184,000 6,123,000 5,940,000 5,899,000 5,875,000 6,823,000 6,613,000 6,476,000 5,277,000 5,161,000 5,114,000 4,986,000 4,847,000 4,609,000 4,505,000 4,494,000 4,261,000 4,213,000 4,069,000 3,996,000 3,836,000 3,835,000 3,808,000 3,785,000 3,783,000 3,555,000 3,622,000 3,403,000 3,402,000 3,344,000 3,308,000 3,262,000 3,219,000 3,212,000 2,908,000 2,897,000 2,603,000 2,661,000 2,513,000 2,461,000 2,422,000 2,409,000 2,374,000 2,246,000 2,234,000 2,228,000 2,166,000 2,069,000 1,947,000 1,864,000 1,849,000 1,817,000 1,817,000 1,781,000 1,670,000 1,490,000 1,357,000 1,240,000 1,180,000 1,165,000 1,116,000 1,030,000 314,400,000 TAIUB ADDED BT MANTJFACTUBE. Amount. $3,624,000 2,696,000 3,460,000 2,296,000 2,319,000 3,110,000 4,365,000 3,903,000 1,052,000 2,514,000 2,438,000 2,090,000 1,666,000 1,680,000 1,530,000 2,803,000 2,677,000 637,000 870,000 3,178,000 3,360,000 1,638,000 2,069,000 1,696,000 2,928,000 2,181,000 2,771,000 2,009,000 1,060,000 2,764,000 1,714,000 1,812,000 2,092,000 1,366,000 2,528,000 883,000 1,734,000 2, 333, 000 1,263,000 1,656,000 1,780,000 2,353,000 1,702,000 207,000 1,481,000 1,023,000 1,841,000 1,503,000 1,609,000 1,866,000 766,000 1,108,000 1,602,000 1,643,000 348,000 1,127,000 972,000 1,002,000 647,000 1,036,000 1,103,000 671,000 983,000 834,000 968,000 760,000 643,000 874,000 970,000 78,300,000 Per cent distri- bution, 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 m 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 m 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 m 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 m 0.1 0.1 m 0.1 0.1 0.1 m m 0.1 0.1 6.2 FEB CENT OF INCBEASE.l Value of products. 1904- 1909 190.2 0.4 71.1 36.4 11.7 16.4 35.8 60.1 23.3 39.7 28.7 61.4 42.8 96.4 -6.7 208.1 40.1 36.7 14.0 5.4 66.5 20.3 104.2 67.8 75.0 113.7 41.1 13.4 117.7 2.9 61.0 28.2 3.6 1.3 32.1 62.0 12.8 66.6 70.8 46.3 -8.5 -31.1 127'. 4 95.2 86.6 -23.2 37.5 17.5 -4.7 . 39.0 -3.4 -37.0 -0.1 93.4 12.5 171.2 -19.2 24.4 25.4 23.1 45.9 -11.4 36.6 53.6 -5.8 37.6 1904 32.7 10.4 -9.8 74.6 246 81.8 -16.5 61.4 -18.7 24.3 50.1 60.2 16.3 4.4 505.1 62.1 19.5 55.2 28.1 63.6 6.2 42.1 93.1 66.4 36.1 270.5 -10.7 37.7 18.2 23.2 -26.7 64.6 11.2 68.6 17.3 -16.6 259.9 28.2 -16.6 -12.3 50.1 52.6 46.6 476.3 85.3 94.5 4.7 90.1 43.6 138.5 Value added by manufacture. 1901- 1909 186.3 -3.3 34.0 23.8 16.8 21.8 31.3 106.9 59.6 68.0 37.5 -5.5 17.9 67.6 72.1 (') 163.0 -42.1 36.8 8.3 16.8 55.4 26.1 113.4 136.5 79.2 132.6 64.4 0.3 135.8 -4.4 27.1 14.6 40.2 'so.' 2' 19.8 -80.2 3.0 95.1 4.6 0.7 19.3 50.6 25.0 54.9 86.0 49.4 -14.1 137.9 2,642.6 143.0 96.1 74.8 -24.2 33.5 -16.2 -10.4 29.7 -14.0 -16.3 -13.2 100.8 19.9 102.2 -21.6 25.5 43.1 10.2 28.7 -4.8 26.7 66.1 6.5 34.2 1899- 1904 17.9 29.9 2.9 122.3 23.4 91.0 -6.9 84.1 ag 4.4 78.0 86. 85.1 11.6 23.0 22.3 291. t 15.2 36.3 64.4 24.3 -39.6 68.3 -0.2 34.8 113.6 49.9 28.2 336.1 0.1 29.5 16.6 27.0 -30.1 56.7 8.4 64.9 13.8 -59.3 198.6 24.5 16.6 -7.5 66.8 69.2 42.8 632.4 36.8 121.6 8.3 60.2 81.8 136.1 80.9 32.7 91.9 19.0 -79.3 9.9 93.8 1 Percentages are based on figures in Table I; a minus sign (-) denotes decrease. Where the percentages are omitted, comparable figures can not be given. 2 Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. Some of the most important of the industries listed in the above table, together with certain groups of industries formed by combining two or more of those shown in the tables, are given special consideration, as follows. Clothing. — The women's clothing and men's clothing industries combined gave employment in 1909 to an average of 189,467 wage earners, and the total output was valued at $538,593,000, being 18.9 per cent and 16 per cent of the respective totals for all manufac- STATISTICS OF MANUFACTURES. 691 turing industries in the state, whereas in 1904, with 138,952 wage earners and $360,957,000 as the value of products, the corresponding proportions were 16.2 per cent and 14.6 per cent, respectively. The increase in the value of clothing manufactured in New York from 1904 to 1909 was $177,636,000, or 49.2 per cent, and that from 1899 to 1904 was $105,221,000, or 41.1 per cent, percentages which were greater than those for all manufacturing industries in the state combined. The manufacture of clothing under the factory system in New York began about 1835, but the early develop- ment of the industry was associated particularly with the invention of the sewing machine about 1846. In 1849 there were 976 establishments in the state manu- facturing ready-made clothing, which gave employ- ment to an average of 41,071 wage earners and turned out products valued at $16,008,000. The introduc- tion about 1870 of the cutting machine, by which many garments could be cut at one operation, had a stimulating effect upon this industry. At the census of 1889, when the first attempt was made to segregate the statistics for establishments manufacturing clothing under the factory system from estabhshments doing custom tailoring and dressmaking, there were 3,843 establishments in which ready-made clothing was manufactured, which employed an average of 96,822 wage earners and turned out products valued at $159,452,000. The value of products of the clothing industries in New York has not only increased remarkably during the last 20 years, but at each succeeding census it has foimed a greater proportion of the aggregate value reported for the clothing industries in the United States, this proportion being 45.2 per cent in 1889 and 56.5 per cent in 1909. Measured by value of products, the women's clothing branch shows the greatest prog- ress, surpassing the men's clothing branch in this respect for the first time in 1909. The total value of products for the former branch was $45,087,000 in 1889, $106,892,000 in 1899, and $272,518,000 in 1909, an increase of $61,805,000, or 137.1 per cent, from 1889 to 1899, and of $165,626,000, or 154.9 per cent, from 1899 to 1909. The proportion which the value of women's clothing formed of the combined value of products reported for the two branches increased from 41.8 per cent in 1899 to 48.1 per cent in 1904, and to 50.6 per cent in 1909. Printing and 'publishing. — This industry includes the printing and publishing of books, newspapers and periodicals, and music, job printing, bookbinding and blank-book making, plate printing, and htho- graphing. New York led all the states in the industry as a whole and in each of its branches, with combined products valued at $216,946,000 in 1909, this amount representing 29.4 per cent of the total value of products for the industry in the United States. Printing and publishing was the first industry in the state both in number of establishments, with 4,426, or 9.8 per cent of the total number shown for all manufacturing in- dustries, and in value added by manufacture, with $160,452,000, or 10.6 per cent of the state total. Although the proportions shown for wage earners (6.3 per cent) and value of products (6.4 per cent) were not so great, decided increases occurred in both of these items during each five-year period, the gains during the more recent period, 1904-1909, being 9,684, or 18.1 per cent, and $52,112,000, or 31.6 per cent, respectively. Textiles. — The textile industries of New York — comprising the manufacture of hosiery and knit goods; silk and silk goods; carpets and rugs, other than rag; woolen, worsted, and felt goods, and wool hats ; cotton goods, including cotton small wares ; cordage and twine and jute and linen goods ; and fur-felt hats — consid- ered as a unit, rank high among the manufacturing industries of the state when measured by value of products. Combined, the seven allied branches gave employment in 1909 to an average of 91,839 wage earners and manufactured products to the value of $185,780,000, these figures representing increases over 1904 of 11,233, or 13.9 per cent, in the number of wage earners and of $43,358,000, or 30.4 per cent, in value of products. In 1909 the textile industries employed 9.1 per cent of the total number of wage earners en- gaged in the manufacturing industries of the state, and contributed 5.5 per cent of the total value of manu- factured products. The corresponding proportions for 1904 were 9.4 per cent and 5.7 per cent, respec- tively. New York was the third state in the Union in the production of all textiles combined, of silk and silk goods, and of fur-felt hats, first in the manufacture of hosiery and knit goods and of carpets and rugs, other than rag, and second in that of cordage and twine and jute and linen goods. It ranked fifth in the production of woolen, worsted, and felt goods, and wool hats, and eleventh in that of cotton goods, includ- ing cotton small wares. Foundry and machine-sTbop products. — ^All foundries and machine shops except those which manufacture a distinctive product covered by some other designation, such as agricultural implements, cash registers and calculating machines, sewing machines and attach- ments, or electrical machinery, are included in this classification. Establishments engaged in the manu- facture of beUs, gas machines and gas and water meters, hardware, cast-iron and cast-steel pipe, plumb- ers' supplies, steam fittings and heating apparatus, and structural ironwork, the majority of which were re- ported under separate classifications at previous cen- suses, are included in this industry. A number of the most important establishments are engaged in the manufacture of typesetting machines, steam-heating apparatus, electric elevators, locomotive, tender, and car brakes, metal-working machinery, pumps and pump- ing machinery, and structural ironwork. Although the industry was practically at a standstill from 1899 to 1904, the value of products increased from 692 SUPPLEMENT FOR NEW YORK. $127,915,000 in 1904 to $154,370,000 in 1909, or 20.7 per cent. New York was the second state of the Union in this industry at all three censuses. Slaughtering atid meat packing. — This classification includes estabhshments doing wholesale slaughtering and meat packing, and those engaged in the manufac- ture of sausage only. It does not include the numer- ous retail butcher shops, which slaughter a large num- ber of animals. The value of products for this industry in New York increased from $58,403,000 in 1899 to $75,550,000 in 1904 and $127,130,000 in 1909, when the total was $68,727,000, or 117.7 per cent, greater than in 1899. The percentage of increase during the five-year period 1904-1909 in value of products was more than twice, and in value added by manufacture more than four times as great, as during the preceding five-year period, 1899-1904. Of the 238 establish- ments reported for the industry as a whole in 1909, 76 were engaged in wholesale slaughtering only, 74 in both wholesale slaughtering and wholesale meat packing, and 88 in the manufacture of sausage only, the value of the output of these three branches representing 51.2 per cent, 47.2 per cent, and 1.6 per cent, respectively, of the total for the combined industry. For the last three censuses. New York has ranked third among the states in this industry. Liquors. — The manufacture of malt, distilled, and vinous liquors forms a very important group of indus- tries in New York. The value of the combined output for 1909 can not be given, however, because the statis- tics for the distilled-liquor industry can not be pre- sented separately without disclosing the operations of individual establishments. The manufacture of malt liquors was by far the most important of the three industries comprising this group. The total output of this industry in 1909 was valued at $77,720,000, an increase over 1904 of $15,762,000, or 25.4 per cent, which was considerably more than double the gain for the preceding five-year period. The figures for both value of products and value added by manufacture in the case of the brewery industry include $12,666,000 paid to the Federal Government as internal-revenue tax, and are therefore to that extent misleading as an indication of the relative importance of this industry from a purely manufacturing standpoint. The dis- tOled-liquor industry shows a substantial increase from 1904 to 1909 in all items covered in the preceding table except number of establishments, which de- creased from 18 to 13. The value of products for the vinous-liquor industry, the least important of the liquor group, was $1,817,000 in 1909, representing a decrease of $432,000, or 19.2 per cent, as compared with 1904. At the census of 1909 New York ranked first among the states of the Union in the manufacture of malt liquors, sixth in that of distilled liquors, and second in that of vinous liquors. Tobacco manufactures. — While this designation cov- ers in general the manufacture of cigars, cigarettes, chewing and smoking tobacco, and snuff, the industry in New York was confined largely to the manufacture of cigars and cigarettes, 3,284 of the 3,371 establishments reported in 1909 being engaged in this branch, the value of the output of such establishments representing 98 per cent of the total for the industry. The total value of tobacco manufactures for New York in 1909 was $76,662,000, an increase over 1904 of $11,065,000, or 16.9 per cent, whereas from 1899 to 1904 the gain was $ll,936,000,or22.2 percent. New York leads all other states of the Union in this industry. Lumber and timber products. — This classification includes logging operations, sawmills, planing mills, and establishments engaged in the manufacture of wooden packing boxes. It does not include those mills, how- ever, which are engaged exclusively in custom sawing for local consumption, the statistics for which are shown separately on page 737. This industry in the state in 1909 was represented by 674 independent planing nulls, 1,389 sawmills and logging plants, and 200 packing-box factories, which reported 65.9 per cent, 20.7 per cent, and 13.4 per cent, respectively, of the total value of products for the industry. The corresponding per- centages for 1899 were 56.4, 28.7, and 14.9, respectively. The value of the output of the sawmills and logging plants of the state was $15,131,000 in 1899, $13,310,000 in 1904, and $15,036,000 in 1909. The industry as a whole shows an increase in value of products from $52,738,000 in 1899 to $61,677,000 in 1904 and to $72,530,000 in 1909, an increase for the decade of $19,792,000, or 37.5 per cent, and for the more recent five-year period, of $10,853,000, or 17.6 per cent. It is apparent, therefore, that the growth of the entire industry was due very largely to the increase in *he production of the planing mills. Measured by value of products. New York ranked second in 1909 among the states of the Union in the lumber industry. Flour-miU and gristmill products. — The statistics for all merchant mills grinding wheat, rye, buckwheat, com, or other grains are included in this classifica- tion. It does not, however, include factories making fancy cereals or other food preparations as a chief product, or mills doing custom grinding exclusively, the statistics for the latter mills being presented sepa- rately on page 737. This is one of the oldest indus- tries in the state, probably dating from the latter part of the seventeenth century. It is said that the first gristmill in America was a horsepower mill located on the island of Manhattan. The industry developed gradually, but was especially prosperous during the years immediately following the opening of the Erie Canal in 1825, which greatly extended the sources of grain supply for the state. New York led all other states of the Union in the milling industry mitil 1889, since when it has held second place, having been displaced by Minnesota. The total value of flour-mill and grist- mill products reported for New York was $35,930,000 in 1899 and $69,802,000 in 1909, representing 7.2 per cent and 7.9 per cent, respectively, of the total value of such products reported for the United States for these two census years. STATISTICS OF MANUFACTURES. 693 Iron and steel, steel works and rolling mills and blast furnaces. — Combined, these two allied industries gave employment ia 1909 to an average of 12,389 wage earners, and the value of their products amounted to $66,153,000. These figures represent increases over 1899 of 6,971, or 128.7 per cent, in number of wage earners, and $52,295,000, or 377.4 per cent, in value of products. The classification "Steel works and rolling mills" includes establishments engaged in the manu- facture of steel or the hot rolliag of iron and steel. It also includes the making of forgings and castings and the manufacture of rolled iron and steel into more highly finished forms when conducted as a part of the rolling-mill operations, as well as the few extant forges and bloomeries. It does, not, however, include the making of cold-rolled products, nor of forgings, cast- ings, and manufactures of iron and steel by establish- ments not equipped with steel-making furnaces or hot trains of rolls. The output of the steel works and roUmg mills m 1909 was valued at $39,532,000, repre- senting an increase over 1904 of $18,305,000, or 86.2 per cent. This gain, although pronounced, was not so great relatively as the increase of $12,415,000, or 140.9 per cent, shown for the preceding five-year period. The blast furnaces include the establishments engaged in the manufacture of pig iron from the ore. In 1909 the products of the blast furnaces were valued at $26,621,000, showing the remarkable gain over 1904 of $17,986,000, or 208.3 per cent. Measured by value of products, New York ranked fourth in the manufac- ture of iron and steel and in each of the two branches in 1909. MiUinery and lace goods. — This industry includes all establishments engaged primarily in the manufactiu-e of muslin and lace curtains ; dress, cloak, and millinery trimmings; embroideries and crocheted goods; hat and bonnet frames; ladies' belts, collars, neckwear, and handkerchiefs; hats, trimmed and untrimmed; laces; pleating and puffs -^ ruching and ruffing; and veilings. In 1909 the value of products was $52,- 106,000, as compared with $32,844,000 in 1904, a gain of $19,262,000, or 58.6 per cent, for the five-year period. The relative gain in this respect from 1899 to 1904 was slightly less, but the actual increase was only a fit tie over one-half as great. New York led all other states of the Union in this industry, and of the aggregate value of millinery and lace goods produced in the United States, New 'York contributed 60.7 per cent in 1909, 64.7 per cent in 1904, and 71.4 per cent in 1899. Electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies. — The exceptionally rapid extension during recent years of the use of electricity has created a demand for electrical appliances. The industry in New York, therefore, shows decided development during the past decade, the value of products increasing from $22,695,000 in 1899 to $49,290,000 in 1909. Although New York " retained the lead among the states in this industry, 75140°— 13 45 the proportion which it contributed of the total value of products for the industry in the United States, which increased from 24.6 per cent in 1899 to 25.1 pel cent in 1904, decreased to 22.3 per cent in 1909. Paper and wood pulp. — ^Mills which manufacture paper exclusively, pulp exclusively, or both paper and pulp are included in this classification. The mills en- gaged in the production of paper predominated largely in New York in 1909. In 1849 there were 106 estab- lishments reported for the state, which employed an average of 1,267 wage earners and manufactured products valued at $1,638,579. The growth of the industry since that time has been rapid, but during the decade 1899-1909 it was particularly noteworthy, the value of products increasing from $26,716,000 in 1899 to $48,860,000 in 1909, a gain of $22,144,000, or 82.9 per cent. Although the actual gain in this respect for the 10 years was about equally divided between the two five-year periods, the percentage of increase from 1904 to 1909 (29.4) was considerably less than that from 1899 to 1904 (41.3). New York led all other states in this industry at the last three censuses, the value of the output for the state forming 18.3 per cent of the total for the United States in 1909, 20 per cent in 1904, and 21 per cent in 1899. Boots and shoes, including cut stoclc and findings. — Of the 296 establishments in the state included in this classification in 1909, 21 were engaged primarily in the manufacture of boot and shoe cut stock, 56 in the pro- duction of boot and shoe findings, and 219 in the manufacture of boots and shoes. There is some over- lapping of these three branches which makes it desir- able to combine them in presenting the statistics. With products valued at $28,117,000 in 1899 and $37,521,000 in 1904, New York held second place at both censuses among the states of the Union, but in 1909, when products valued at $48,186,000 were re- ported, it had dropped to third place. The proportions which New York contributed of the total value of products for the industry in the United States in the respective years were, however, comparatively small, owing to the fact that the state first in rank manufac- tured so large a percentage of the products as to dwarf, in a measure, all others. These proportions were 9.4 per cent in 1909, 10.5 per cent in 1904, and 9.7 per cent in 1899. Butter, cheese, and condensed milk. — Of the 1,552 es- tabUshments included in this industry in 1909, 426 were engaged primarily in the manufacture of butter, 1,090 in the manufacture of cheese, and 36 in the manufac- ture of condensed milk, the value of the output of these three branches representing 41 per cent, 35.6 per cent, and 23.4 per cent, respectively, of the total for the entire industrj/. Of the 1,766 establishments reported for 1904, 543 manufactured butter as a chief product, 1,198 cheese, and 25 condensed mUk, and the proportions which each class of establish- ments contributed of the total value of products 694 SUPPLEMENT FOR NEW YORK. reported for the entire industry were 41.1 per cent, 36.7 per cent, and 22.1 per cent, respectively. The number of establishments in the butter and cheese branches of the industry decreased during the five- year period 1904-1909, but the value of products for each of the three branches increased, the con- densed-milk branch making the greatest relative gain. The value of products for the industry as a whole in New York increased from $26,558,000 in 1899 to $42,458,000 in 1909, a gain of 59.9 per cent. As meas- ured by value of products, New York was the leading state of the Union in this industry in 1899 and in 1904, but dropped to second place in 1909, having been displaced by Wisconsin. The proportion which New York contributed of the total value of products for the industry in the United States decreased during the decade, being 20.3 per cent in 1899, 18.5 per cent in 1904, and 15.5 per cent in 1909. Oas, iUuminating and heating. — This industry in- cludes all establishments engaged in the manufacture of gas for illuminating or heating purposes from coal, coke, oU, ben2iine, gasoline, or calcium carbide, or from a combination of two or more of these mate- rials. The industry in New York dates from about 1823, when lighting by gas was introduced into New York City. The industry as a whole did not, how- ever, receive its first real impetus until 1873, when the Lowe process for the manufacture of water gas was introduced. The total value of gas manufac- tured for sale in New York was $8,513,000 in 1869,' $18,717,000 in 1889, and $42,347,000 in 1909. Of the total quantity of all classes of gas manufactured in the state in 1909, namely, 45,768,354,000 cubic feet, 75.9 per cent was carbureted water gas, 10.1 per cent mixed coal and water gas, and 13.7 per cent coal gas. New York held first rank in the manufac- ture of illuminating and heating gas at the last three censuses, reporting 25.4 per cent of the total value of products for the industry in the United States in 1909, 28.2 per cent in 1904, and 27.6 per cent in 1899. FumisMng goods, men's. — The 375 establishments reported for this industry in the state in 1909 included, in addition to 241 engaged primarily in the manu- facture of a general line of men's furnishings, such as neckwear, belts, and handkerchiefs, 100 which manu- factured suspenders, garters, and elastic woven goods as their leading products and 34 which made collars and cuffs. Of the value of products reported for the entire industry in 1909, $15,897,000 represented the value of collars and cuffs, constituting 92.3 per cent of the total value of collars and cuffs manufactured in the United States. The value of products for the industry as a whole increased from $29,337,000 in 1904 to $42,197,000 m 1909, the proportions which these figures represented of the corresponding totals for the industrj' in the United States being 59.8 per cent and 48.1 per cent, respectively. New York not only outranked all other states in the industry as a unit, but also in each of the three branches except the manufacture of suspenders, garters, and elastic woven goods, in which it ranked second. Furniture and refrigerators. — This industry embraces the manufacture of wood and metal furniture of all kinds, refrigerators and ice boxes, and store and office fixtures, with the exception of products such as show cases, which are provided for by a distinct classi- fication. This industry ranks eleventh among those shown separately in the preceding table in average number of wage earners, thirteenth in value added by manufacture, and nineteenth in value of products. The value of the output of the furniture and refrigerator factories of New York increased from $24,658,000 in 1899 to $29,326,000 in 1904' and $41,929,000 in 1909, which figures represented 18.9 per cent, 16.5 per cent, and 17.5 per cent of the respective totals for the United States. For several decades New York has led all other states in this industry. Fur goods. — Those establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of garments in which fur is the chief material, such as coats, cloaks, capes, muffs, scarfs, and robes, and gloves, mittens, and trimmings, are in- cluded in this classification. It does not include estab- lishments engaged mainly in tanning and dyeing skins with the fur on. The value of products increased from $15,829,000 m 1899 to $26,244,000 in 1904 and $41,301,000 m 1909. New York outranked all other states at each of the three censuses in the manufacture of fur goods, the value of its output constituting 73.8 per cent of the total for the United States in 1909, 70.7 per cent in 1904, and 61.1 per cent in 1899. Copper, tin, and sheet-4ron products. — This classi- fication comprises the manufacture of sheet-metal products of copper, tin, and sheet iron, including the preparation of copper, tin, and sheet-iron material for building construction. The 686 establishments re- ported for this industry in 1909 included 61 in which stamped and enameled ware was manufactured and 69 in which tinware was produced. The value of the stamped and enameled ware was $13,140,000, and that of tinware was $10,386,000, which amounts rep- resent 34.2 per cent and 27 per cent, respectively, of the total value of products for the industry. New York ranked first among the states of the Union in the manufacture of copper, tin, and sheet-iron prod- ucts at each of the three censuses, with $38,452,000 as the total value of such products in 1909, $27,314,000 in 1904, and $19,287,000 in 1899. Patent medicines and compounds and druggists' preparations. — Under this head are included the manu- facture of so-called patent medicines, and of some compounds that are not used for medicinal purposes, and also the manufacture of capsules, extracts, tinc- tures, and other pharmaceuticals, and of perfumery and cosmetics. Of the 743 establishments reported in 1909, 509 were engaged primarily in the manufacture of patent medicines and compounds, the value of STATISTICS OF MANUFACTURES. 695 which represented 56.6 per cent of the total for the industry. New York led all other states of the Union in the industry as a whole at each of the last three censuses, the total output being valued at $37,343,000 in 1909, $28,646,000 ui 1904, and $26,538,000 in 1899. Chemicals. — This industry includes the manufacture of acids (except sulphuric, nitric, and mixed acids, for which there is a separate classification), sodas, pot- ashes, alums, coal-tar products, cyanides, bleaching materials, plastics, compressed or Mquefied gases, alka- loids, gold, silver, and platimun salts, chloroform, ether, glycerin, Epsom salts, copperas, blue vitriol, and other bases and salts, when they are made as a chief product by the establishment reporting. It does not include, however, the manufacture of chemicals as by- products in establishments classified in the census re- ports under a different head. In the production of chemicals New York held first rank among the states at each of the last three censuses, the value of its out- put constituting 30 per cent of the total for the United States in 1909, 30.6 per cent in 1904, and 25.5 per cent in 1899. The total value of products of the chemical industry in New York in 1909 was $35,346,000, an in- crease over 1904 of $12,324,000, or 53.5 per cent, and over 1899 of $19,352,000, or 121 per cent. Musical instruments, pianos and organs and ma,te- riaJs. — Of the 184 establishments included in this classification in 1909, 117 were engaged primarily in the manufacture of pianos, 19 in the manufacture of or- gans, and 48 in the manufacture of piano and organ materials. The output of the piano establishments represented 79.1 per cent of the $33,680,000 reported as the total value of products for the industry as a whole. At each of the last three censuses New York outranked all other states of the Union in the manufacture of pianos and organs and materials, con- tributing 37.5 per cent of the total value of the output for the United States in 1909, 35.4 per cent in 1904, and 35.9 per cent in 1899. The value of products for the industry in the state considerably more than doubled dviring the decade. Automobiles, including bodies and parts. — The manu- facture of automobiles in New York began only a few years before 1899, in which year there were 15 estab- lishments in operation in the state, reporting products valued at $456,000, and the state ranked fifth among the states in the industry. The development of the industry thereafter was remarkable, for by 1904 New York had become third in the manufacture of auto- mobiles, which position it retained in 1909. In 1899 New York contributed 9.6 per cent of the total value of products for this industry in the country as a whole, and in 1904 the proportion had in- creased to 14.2 per cent, but in 1909 it had dropped to 12.4 per cent. The total value of products for 1909 was $30,980,000, which was more than seven times the amount reported for 1904. This classification also includes the manufacture of automobile parts and ac- cessories, but this branch of the industry has become so interwoven with such industries as the fotmdry and machine-shop industry and the manufacture of rubber goods, electrical machinery, apparatus, and suppHes, and brass and bronze products that it is impossible to determine to what extent the statistics presented under this head cover the actual production of parts and accessories. Manufactures from precious metals. — The manufac- ture of jewelry is alHed closely with the production of silverware and plated ware, and the reduction and refining of gold and silver from cUppings, sweepings, and scrap. In 1909 these three industries combined employed an average of 8,486 wage earners and turned out products valued at $30,825,000. Paint and varnish. — Of the 147 estabUshments in- cWded in this classification in 1909, 104 were engaged primarily in the manufacture of paint, with products valued at $20,557,000, representing 72 per cent of the total for the industry as a whole. The value of paint and varnish manufactured in New York was $25, 12 1 ,000 in 1904 and $28,559,000 m 1909, an increase of $3,438,- 000, or 13.7 per cent, for the five-year period. In value of products New York led all other states in this indus- try at each of the last three censuses, reporting 22.9 per cent of the total for the United States in 1909, as compared with 27.7 per cent iu 1904 and 27.1 per cent in 1899. Leather, tanned, curried, and finished. — ^Establish- ments which were engaged primarily in the manufacture of leather, as well as those which treated hides and skins for others, are included in this classification. The cost of materials and the value of products, however, do not include the value of the hides or skins treated for others under contract. New York ranked third among the states in the manufacture of leather in 1899, with a value of products amounting to $23,206,000. In 1904, however, the value of products had decreased to $21,643,000 and the state fell to fourth place, while in 1909, though the value of the products increased to $27,642,000, the state had dropped to fifth place. In 14 of the less important industries shown sepa- rately in the table, New York led all other states of the Union in value of products in 1909 and contributed more than half of the value of products reported for each in the United States. These industries, together with the percentages of the value of products contributed by the state, were as follows: Lapidary work, 94.4; arti- ficial flowers and feathers and plumes, 88.2; photo- graphic apparatus and materials, 83.2; paper patterns, 83; hair work, 70.1; pens, fountain, stylographic, and gold, 67.9; cloth, sponging and refinishing, 66.7; gloves and mittens, leather, 60.7; pipes, tobacco, 60.5; hats and caps, other than felt, straw, and wool, 57.2 ; jew- elry and instrument cases, 57.1; candles, 53.4; type- writers and supplies, 52.2; furs, dressed, 51.9. It will be seen from the table on page 689 that some of the industries that hold a very high rank in the gross value of products rank comparatively low in the num- ber of wage earners employed and in value added by 696 SUPPLEMENT FOR NEW YORK. manufacture. Where this is the case, it indicates that the cost of materials represents a large proportion of the total value of products, and that therefore the value added by manufacture, of which wages constitute usually the largest item, is only a small proportion of the total value of products. Thus the slaughtering and meat-packing industry, which ranks fifth in gross value of products, and the flour-mill and gristmill industry, which ranks tenth in that respect, rank compar- atively low with regard to number of wage earners and value added by manufacture. Other important industries which rank much higher in gross value of products than in the number of wage earners or the value added by manufacture are the butter, cheese, and condensed-milk industry; the tanning, currying, and finishing of leather; the blast furnaces; the roast- ing and grinding of coffee and spice ; and the manufac- ture of linseed oil. On the other hand, there are several industries the rank of which according to the number of wage earners or the value added by manufacture is considerably higher than the rank according to the value of prod- ucts ; in other words, the cost of materials is relati.vely a smaller part of the total value of products for these industries than for most others. Among the important industries of this class are the manufacture of furniture and refrigerators, the steam-railroad repair shops, and marble and stone work. Four of the textile indus- tries — the manufacture of hosiery and knit goods, silk goods, carpets and rugs, and cotton goods — also rank much higher in number of wage earners, and somewhat higher in value added by manufacture, than in value of products. The table on page 689 shows very great differences among the several industries with respect to the per- centages of increase or decrease in the value of products and the value added by manufacture, although the great majority of the industries show an increase in both items for each of the five-year periods. The reduction and refining of gold and silver from sweepings, clippings, and scrap, however, shows a decrease in value of products for both five-year periods, while 13 other industries show decreases from 1904 to 1909 and 15 decreases from 1899 to 1904. None of the indus- tries presented separately in the table show decreases in value added by manufacture for both five-year periods, but 16 show decreases from 1904 to 1909, and 14 show decreases from 1899 to 1904. Of the 58 industries for which products valued at more than $10,000,000 were reported in 1909, two — the manu- facture of carriages and wagons and of cordage and twine and jute and linen goods — show decreases in both value of products and value added by manufacture since 1904, while one other — the roasting and grinding of coffee and spice — shows a decrease in value of products. The manufacture of emery and other abrasive wheels shows the highest percentage of increase in both value of products and value added by manufacture between 1904 and 1909, the gross value of the products of this industry being nearly thirty-five times as great in 1909 as in 1904 and the value added by manufacture over twenty-seven times as great. Other industries which show exceptionally large increases during the same five- year period in both items are the hair-work and the auto- mobile industries, the manufacture of artificial flowers and feathers and plumes, the blast furnaces, and the manufacture of corsets, in which the value of products in 1909 was from three to seven times that in 1904. The manufacture of lead bars, lead pipe, and sheet lead shows the largest relative decrease in value of products for this period, 37 per cent, and the manufacture of dentists' materials the largest in value added by manu- facture, 42.1 per cent. Of the 12 industries shown in the table for which products valued at more than $50,000,000 were reported in 1909, five — the making of men's clothing, the foundries and machine shops, the brewery industry, slaughtering and meat packing, and the manufacture of hosiery and knit' goods — show greater percentages of increase in both value of products and value added by manufacture for the five-year period 1904-1909 than for the period 1899-1904. Persons engaged in mannfactnring industries. — ^The following table shows, for 1909, the distribution of the number of persons engaged in manufactures, the average number of wage earners being distributed by sex and age. It should be borne in mind, however, that the sex and age classification of the average num- ber of wage earners in this and other tables is an estimate obtained by the method described in the Introduction. CLASS. PERSONS ENGAGED IN MANtWACTCEES. Total. Male. Female. 4U MniiflnR 1,203,241 869,434 333,807 Proprietors and officials 78,874 75,389 3,485 Proprietors and firm members 47,569 12,916 18,389 120,386 1,003,981 45,429 12,481 17,479 87,404 706,641 2,140 435 910 Clerks 32,982 297,340 996,162 7,819 702,637 4,004 293,635 3,815 The average number of persons engaged in manufac- tures during 1909 was 1,203,241, of whom 1,003,981 were wage earners. Of the remainder, 78,874 were proprietors and officials and 120,386 were clerks. Corresponding figures for individual industries will be found in Table II, page 766. The table on the following page shows, for 1909, the percentages of proprietors and officials, clerks, and wage earners, respectively, among the total number of persons employed in manufactures. It covers all industries combined and 58 important industries individually. STATISTICS OF MANUFACTURES. 697 All Industries Agricultural implements '. Artificial flowers and feathers and plumes.. Automobiles, including bodies andparts. Boots and shoes, Including cut stock and findings Boxes, fancy and paper Brass and bronze products Bread and other bakery products Butter, cheese, and condensed milk Canning and preserving Carpets and rugs, other than rag Carriages and wagons and materials Cars and general shop construction and repairs by steam-railroad companies ^Chemicals Clothing, men's, including shirts Clothing, women's Coffee and spice, roasting and grinding Confectionery Copper, tin, and sheet-iron products Cordage and twine and jute and linen goods Cotton goods, including cotton small wares. Electrical machinery, apparatus, and sup- plies Flour-mill and gristmill products Food preparations Foundry and machine-shop products Fur goods Furnishing goods, men's Furniture and lefrigerators Gas and electric fixtures and lamps and re- flectors Gas, illuminating and heating Gloves and mittens, leather Hats, fur-felt Hosiery and knit goods Iron and steel, blast furnaces Iron and steel, steel works and rolling miUs. Jewelry Leather goods Leather, tanned, curried, and finished Liquors, malt Lumber and timber products Malt. Marble and stone work Millinery and lace goods Musical instruments, pianos and organs and materials Oil, linseed Paint and varnish Paper and wood pulp Paper goods, not elsewhere specified Patent medicines and compounds and druggists' preparations Photographic apparatus and materials — Printing and publishing Shipbuuding, including boat building Silk and silk goods, including throwsters . . Slaughtering and meat packing Soap. Tobacco manufactures Typewriters and supplies. Woolen, worsted, and felt goods, and wool hats All other industries PEBSONS ENGAQED IN MANUFACTUKES. Total number. 1,203,241 6,861 9,813 11,610 23,816 12,702 7,596 29,039 4,930 8,818 12,272 7,333 18,003 6,869 104,567 114,925 2,394 10,116 17,153 6,230 11,032 22, 8U 6,120 4,163 75,746 11,263 20,768 23,195 7,188 9,221 7,195 5,379 37,673 2,562 11,089 7,146 9,283 6,278 10,705 32,458 645 8,469 25,369 13,102 691 4,741 13,018 5,267 8,666 5,186 94,893 6,230 14,136 7,683 3,924 36,197 5,160 1,521 9,907 203,337 Per cent of total. Proprie- tors and ofilcials. 4.9 5.7 3.6 3.3 5.1 6.1 16.6 35v6 13.3 0.7 12.1 3.0 3.6 6.1 6.2 8.0 4.8 6.8 1.1 1.4 5.6 4.5 6.2 2.2 2.1 1.5 1.6 10.9 9.0 4.2 6.2 10.9 9.8 13.1 6.8 3.6 4.6 8.1 3.7 4.5 13.7 2.9 8.2 6.1 2.9 6.6 6.3 11.8 3.1 1.4 2.2 7.0 Clerks. Wage earners (average number). 10.0 11.7 7.7 11.5 6.8 4.0 6.4 10.8 6.3 6.6 2.4 4.5 6.6 12.8 7.5 9.5 28.6 10.6 7.6 3.3 2.0 4.2 12.6 27.x 13.8 X.O 19.4 5.6 9.8 13.3 13.5 3.6 8.8 6.0 6.5 10.7 25.9 6.4 4.6 2.5 8.8 7.4 13.8 9.3 5.2 12.2 4.5 9.0 6.0 10.1 6.3 13.6 27.7 3.5 13.6 31.1 18.3 25.3 3.3 6.8 13.9 18.9 6.3 9.0 2.3 9.6 83.4 83.4 86.5 84.9 90.8 90.8 87.6 73.5 58.1 80.2 97.0 83.4 91.4 83.7 87.4 85.4 63.4 84.7 85.6 95.6 96.7 83.1 68.4 72.6 84.6 73.2 87.6 87.4 87.4 93.2 96.4 89.7 91.0 76.3 81.7 90.6 81.6 84.6 81.2 81.9 83.1 91.1 81.9 64.3 92.7 81.9 55.2 78.8 66.5 90.6 91.3 80.6 76.8 82.9 87.9 94.6 96.6 83.4 Of the total number of persons engaged in all manufacturing industries, 6.6 per cent were proprie- tors and officials, 10 per cent clerks, and 83.4 per cent wage earners. The highest percentage of proprietors and officials shown for any industry, 35.6, is for the manufacture of butter, cheese, and condensed milk. In this, as well as in the flour-mill and gristmill industry, the majority of the estabhshments are small and the work is to a large extent done by the proprie- tors or their immediate representatives, so that the proportion of persons engaged in these industries falling into the class of proprietors and officials is very much higher than in other individual industries or in all industries combined. Similar conditions prevail to some extent in the bakery industry, in canning and preserving, in the manufacture of car- riages and wagons, fur goods, and patent medicines and compounds and druggists' preparations, in marble and stone work, and in tobacco manufactures, where the proportions of proprietors and officials ranged from 15.6 per cent to 11.8 per cent of the total number of persons engaged in each industry. On account of the large average number of wage earners employed in the establishments manufacturing carpets and rugs, cord- age and twine, and cotton goods, and in the blast furnaces, steel works and rolhng mills, and wire- works, these industries show the smallest proportions of proprietors and officials of any given in the table. The largest proportion of wage earners, 97 per cent, was reported for the carpet and rug industry, while the smallest, 55.2 per cent, was for the manufacture of patent medicines and compounds and druggists' preparations. Among the industries presented sepa- rately in the above table, however, the patent-medicine industry shows the largest proportion of clerks. The first table on the following page shows, for 1909, in percentages, for all industries combined, the distribu- tion of the average number of wage earners by age periods, and for those 16 years of age and over by sex, calculated in the maimer described in the Introduction. It also shows, for some of the important industries separately, a similar distribution of the wage earners reported for December 15, or the nearest representative day. As a means of judging the importance of the several industries the average number employed for the year is also given in each case. For all industries combined, 70 per cent of the aver- age number of wage earners in 1909 were males 16 years of age and over; 29.2 per cent, females 16 years of age and over; and eight- tenths of 1 per cent, children under the age of 16. The larger part of the total num- ber of female wage earners 16 years of age and over was made up of those employed in the clothing, textile /mill inery and lace goods, tobacco manufactures, and men's furnishing goods industries; the industry having the largest proportion of women, however, was the manufacture of artificial flowers and feathers and plumes, ia which such wage earners formed 84.2 per cent of the total. In the manufacture of men's furnishing goods, and of millinery and lace goods, over three- fourths of the wage earners were women 16 years of age and over; in the hosiery and knit goods, fancy and paper box, and silk and silk-goods industries, over three-fifths ; and in seven other industries shown in the table the proportion was over one-half. The textile, clothing, printing and publishing, boot and shoe, fancy and paper box, and millinery and lace-goods industries employed the larger part of the wage earners under 16 years of age. The pro- portion of such wage earners was largest (2.9 per cent) in the manufacture of fancy and paper boxes, while 698 SUPPLEMENT FOR NEW YORK. in the cotton-goods industry they formed 2.8 per cent of the total number, and in the silk-goods industry 2.5 per cent. The proportion was also relatively high in the manufacture of artificial flowers and feathers and plumes, jewelry, boots and shoes, confectionery, and woolen goods, in each of which children under 16 years of age formed at least 2 per cent of the total number of wage earners. JNDU3TBY. .All Industries Agricultural implements Artificial flowers and leathers and plumes... Automobiles, including bodies and parts Boots and shoes, Including cut stock and findings Boxes, lancy and paper BiBss and bronze products , Bread and other bakery products Butter, cheese, and condensed milk Canning and preserving , Carpets and rugs, other than rag , Carnages and wagons and materials Cars and general shop construction and re- pairs by steam-railroad companies Chemicals Clothing, men's, including shirts Clothing, women's Coffee and spice, roasting and grinding Confectionery Copper, tin, and sheet-iron products Cordage and twine and jute and linen goods . Cotton goods, including cotton small wares. . Electrical machinery, apparatus, and sup- plies Flour-mill and gristmill products Food preparations Foundry and machine-shop products Fur goods Furnishing goods, men's Furniture and relrigerators Gas and electric fixtures and lamps and re- flectors Gas, illuminating and heating Gloves and mittens, leather Hats, lur-Ielt Hosiery and knit goods Iron and steel, blastfurnaces Iron and steel, steel works and rolling mills. . Jewelry Leather goods Leather, tanned, curried, and finished Liquors, malt Lumber and timber products Malt Marble and stone work Millinery and lace goods Musical Instruments, pianos and organs and materials Oil, Unseed Pamt and varnish Paper and wood pulp , Paper goods, not elsewhere specified , Patent medicines and compounds and drug- gists' preparations Photographic apparatus and materials Printing and publishing Shipbuilding, Including boat building Silk and silk goods. Including throwsters Slaughtering and meat packing Soap.. Tobacco manufactures Typewriters and supplies. Wire.. Woolen, worsted, and felt goods, and wool hats All other Industries WAGE EARNERS. Average number.i 1,003,981 5,717 8,493 9,861 21,627 11,538 6,651 21,357 2,866 7,075 11.898 6,116 16,454 5,746 91,363 98, 104 1.519 8,570 14,689 5,952 10,663 18,972 2,990 3,023 64,066 8,244 18, 186 20,281 6,017 6,422 6,287 6,013 35,950 2,298 10,091 5,379 7,586 5,688 8,731 27,471 624 6,939 21,078 11,938 566 3,047 12,073 4,303 4,728 4,088 63,120 5,644 12,903 6,110 2,976 30,019 4.638 1,439 9,460 169,534 Per cent of total. 16 years of age and over. Male. Female. 70.0 98.7 13.5 98.7 63.6 34.2 94.4 86.2 90.7 43.8 65.0 99.9 96.9 68.6 42.3 69.3 40.0 87.5 46.4 55.3 86.0 95.6 61.5 98.0 67.3 22.4 93.2 99.7 49.2 66.4 34.6 99.9 99.0 84.8 81.2 97.3 99.9 99.1 100.0 98.9 21.6 94.6 100.0 91.6 96.6 46.0 46.1 72.7 76.9 99.8 35.1 97.2 77.8 48.5 85.9 90.8 65.6 80.7 29.2 1.1 84.2 1.2 34.3 62.9 5.3 13.3 8.8 65.1 44.3 1.7 0.1 2.9 41.1 67.3 30.6 58.0 11.9 62.8 42.0 13.8 4 2 37.3 1.8 32.5 77.2 2.6 6.5 0.2 49.1 32.8 63.6 0.1 0.9 13.1 17.8 2.3 0.1 0.7 1.0 77.1 4.3 8.1 3.4 53.1 53.2 26.5 22.2 0.1 62.4 2.7 22.1 ,50.6 13.9 42.4 18.4 Under 16 years of age. duction.) The following table makes this comparison according to occupational status: 0.8 0.2 2.3 0.1 2.0 2.9 0.3 0.6 0.6 1.0 0.6 (») 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.1 2.0 0.6 0.8 2.8 0.2 0.2 1.2 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.3 0.1 1.6 0.8 1.8 0.1 2.2 1.0 0.4 0.3 0.1 1.4 1.1 0.4 0.7 0.9 1.0 0.1 2.5 0.1 0.1 0.9 0.2 0.4 2.0 0.9 • For method of estimating the distribution, by sex and age periods, of the average number In all industries combined, see Introduction. ' Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. In order to compare the distribution of persons engaged in manufactures in 1909 with that shown at the census of 190, 4it is necessary to use the classi- fication employed at the earlier census. (See Intro- PERSONS ENGAGED IN MANUFACTUBES. CLASS. 1909 1904 Per cent Number. Percent distri- bution. Number. Percent distri- bution. of in- crease, 1904- 1909. Total 1,203,241 47,569 151,691 1,003,981 100.0 4.0 12.6 83.4 996,726 41,766 98,012 856,947 100.0 4.2 9.8 86.0 20.7 Proprietors and firm members Salaried employees . . . 13.9 54. S Wage earners (average number)... 17.2 Comparable figures are not obtainable for 1899. Salaried employees show the greatest percentage of increase and the only gain in relative numerical importance. The following table shows the average number of wage earners distributed according to age periods, and in the case of those 16 years of age and over according to sex, for 1909, 1904, and 1899. The averages for 1909 are estimated on the basis of the actual number reported for a single representative day. (See Introduction.) AVERAGE mrMBEB OF WAGE EABNEBS. CLASS. 1909 1904 1899 Number. Percent distri- bution. Number. Percent distri- bution. Number. Percent distri- bution. Total 1,003,981 996,162 702,637 293,526 7,819 100.0 99.2 70.0 29.2 0.8 866,947 848,968 603,519 245,449 7,979 100.0 99.1 70.4 28.6 0.9 726,909 714,508 603,674 210,834 12,401 100.0 16 years of age and over. Male 98.3 69.3 Female. . . 29 Under 16 years of age. . . 1.7 This table indicates that for all industries combined there has been both an absolute and a relative de- crease during the 10 years in the employment of children under 16 years of age. Although the number of each class of wage earners 16 years of age and over shows a decided increase during the same period, the proportions of such employees remained practically the same. In 1909 males 16 years of age and over formed 70 per cent of all wage earners in the manu- facturing industries, as compared with 70.4 per cent m 1904 and 69.3 per cent in 1899. Wage earners employed, by months. — ^The first table on the following page gives the number of wage earners employed on the 15th of each month during the year 1909 for all industries combined. It gives also the percentage which the number reported for each month is of the greatest number reported for any month. In Table II, page 766, are shown, for practically all of the important industries in the state, the largest number and also the smallest number of wage earners reported for any month. The figures are for the 15th day, or the nearest representative day, of the month. STATISTICS OF MANUFACTURES. 699 WAGE EABNGES. MONTH. WAGE EAKNEBS. MONTH. Number. Per cent of maxi- mum. Number. Per cent of maxi- mum. January 945,356 971,236 991,633 989,498 983, 987 980, 503 88.9 91.4 93.3 93.1 92.6 92.2 July 977,203 998,896 1,041,333 1,063,162 1,059,862 1,045,110 91.9 94.0 97.9 100.0 99.7 98.3 February September April May November December June . . . There were no seasonal industries of importance in New York, nor did any of the more important indus- tries show very great fluctuations from month to month in the number of wage earners employed. Among the seasonal industries the greatest relative variations took place in canning and preserving and in the manufacture of brick and tUe, but the numbers of wage earners employed in these industries were not large enough to affect very greatly the totals for the entire state. There was a larger absolute variation in the number of wage earners engaged in the women's clothing industry than in either of the seasonal indus- tries mentioned, but these fluctuations were due mainly to trade conditions which affected to a less extent many other industries, and thiough them the totals for the state as a whole. In all manufactiiring industries combined, the smallest number of wage earners, 945,356, were employed in the month of Jan- uary, and the largest number, 1,063,162, in the month of October, the difference between these figures being 117,806, or 11.1 per cent of the maximum. Prevailing hoars of labor. — In the following table wage earners have been classified according to the hours of labor prevailing in the establishments in which they are employed. In making this classifica- tion the average number of wage earners employed during the year is used, and the number employed in each establishment is classified as a total according to the hours prevailing in that establishment, even though a few employees work a greater or less number of hours. All indnstries Agricultural implements Artificial flowers and feathers and plumes Artificial stone Automobiles, including bodies and parts Babbitt metal and solder Bags, other than paper Bags, paper Baskets, and rattan and willow ware Belting and hose, leather Bicycles, motorcycles, and parts Blacking and cleansing and polishing preparations Boots and shoes, including cut stock and findings Boxes, cigar Boxes, fancy and paper Brass and bronze products Bread and other bakery products Brick and tile Brooms and brushes r Butter, cheese, and condensed miUc Buttons Candles Calming and preserving Carpets and rugs, other than rag Carriages and wagons and materials ::■-■. ■ ■ Cars and general shop construction and repairs by steam-rahoad companies. Cars and general shop construction and repairs by street-raihoad compames. Cars, steam-raih-oad , not including operations of railroad compames Cement Chemicals Chocolate and cocoa products ---.-■ Clocks and watches, including cases and materials Cloth, sponging and refinishing Clothing, men's, including shirts Clothing, women's ;■■•.■_,-•' Coffee and spice, roasting and gnnding. Coffins, burial cases, and undertakers' goods Confectionery Cooperage and wooden goods, not elsewhere specified Copper, Hn, and sheet-iron products Cofdageanii twine and jute and Unen goods Cordials and sirups Cork, cutting f nr^pts .,.,_,,,---*---------•'•■*"■'""*""'*""'""'"'"'"*""'*'*"*"""""""""" Cotton goods, including cotton small w^es Cutlery and tools, not elsewhere si>ecifled.... Dairymen's, poulterers', and apiarists' supphes Dentists' materials Dyeing and finishing textiles ■ Dyestuffs and extracts - -. Electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies Electroplating Emery and other abrasive wheels AVERAGE NUMBEE OF WAGE EARNEES IN ESTABLISHMENTS GEOUPED ACCOHDING TO PEEVAILING HOURS OF WORK PER WEEK. Total. 48 and under. Between 48 and 64. 54. Between 54 and 60. 60. Between 60 and 72. 72. Over 72. 1,003,981 5,717 8,493 711 102,279 20 1,914 186 86 18 2 173,887 169,492 132 1,480 189 4,068 3 . 2 34 64 208 3 172 4,851 205 2,021 2,049 2,886 1,449 471 98 370 63 191 6,463 1,329 2,188 84 956 2 61 1 376 167 12,772 20,101 132 90 914 273 1,440 3 36 11 1,441 17 378 480 17 197 2 2,170 147 290,905 3,549 297 32 2,248 94 678 493 250 31 39 114 10,067 708 3,959 1,701 1,980 258 1,275 398 4,463 37 735 742 1,235 3,946 1,400 225,930 2,016 144 215 1,932 64 147 479 747 21 609 235 5,441 532 2,342 2,184 13,346 4,667 627 608 601 247 5,269 4,569 1,918 2,488 2,362 1,431 498 1,324 565 82 21,397 10,544 9,547 4,658 88 1,626 13 171 26 69 247 4 63 1,110 21 2,695 487 694 121 375 63 583 1 2 9,861 192 1,000 1,032 1,237 604 66 97 1 65 77 65 354 230 1,133 1,467 147 169 113 18 25 S 558 2 9 85 668 21,627 1,631 2 4 11,638 6,661 21,367 8,080 2,897 2,866 6,126 167 1,054 49 176 57 2 2 89 12 1,436 6 92 347 7,075 11,898 6,116 16,454 4,480 381 279 124 1,410 1,137 156 56 8 224 374 6,124 608 '•'% 2,387 1,443 298 3,699 47 1,950 9 46,713 18,697 937 411 3,803 1,110 6,530 3,269 1 666 436 1,277 1,192 80 56 2,830 34 13,048 207 608 360 37 286 5,746 755 33 190 142 45 396 13,328 48,982 170 217 865 113 625 122 376 2,467 14 32 9,044 3,898 128 10 152 118 2,918 604 91,363 98,104 1,619 9,002 5,475 151 507 2,819 989 3,176 2,680 161 8 3 9,122 2,227 106 441 829 1 S4 82 9 40 1,235 8,570 17 5 10 3 2,611 14,689 5,962 '294 58 22 192 29 128 364 247 550 9 835 2,436 10,663 4,478 131 136 7 65 39 164 32 1 802 286 186 816 6 2,769 165 5,252 1,324 337 821 101 110 20 418 18,972 '652 719 :::::::::i::;:::::: 700 SUPPLEMENT FOR NEW YORK. Fancy articles, not elsewhere specified Fertilizers Firearms and ammunition Flags, banners, regalia, society badges, and emblems Flour-mill and gristmill products Food preparations Foundry and machine-shop products Fur ^oods Fumisliing goods, men's Furniture and refrigerators Furs, dressed Gas and electric fixtures and lamps and reflectors Gas, illuminating and heating Glass Glass, cutting, staining, and ornamenting Gloves and mittens, leather Gold and silver, reducing and refining, not from the ore Hair work Hat and cap materials Hats and caps, other than felt, straw, and wool Hats, fur-felt Hats, straw Hosiery and knit goods House-furnishing goods, not elsewhere specified Ice, manufactured Ink, prmting 1 Instruments, professional and scientific Iron and steel, blast furnaces Iron and steel, steel works and rolling mills Jewelry Jewelry and instrument cases Lapidary work i Lead, bar, pipe, and sheet Leather goods Iicather, tajmed, curried, and fished Liquors, malt Liquors, vinous Looking-glass and picture frames Lumber and timber products Malt Marble and stone work.. Mattresses and spring beds Millinery and lace goods Mirrors Models and patterns, not including paper patterns Musical instruments, pianos and organs and materials Oil, linseed OUcloth and linoleum Optical ^oods !Paint and varnish Paper and wood pulp Paper goods, not elsewhere specified Paper patterns Patent medicines and compounds and druggists' preparations Pens, fountain, stylographic, and gold Photographic apparatus and materials Photo-engraving Pipes, tobacco Pottery, terra-cotta, and fire-clay products Prmting and publishing Rubber goods, not elsewhere specified Salt Scales and balances Shipbuilding, including boat building Silk and silk goods, including throwsters Silverware and plated ware Slaughtering and meat packing Smelting and refining, not from the ore Soap Stationery goods, not elsewhere specified Steam packing Stereotyping and electrotyping Stoves and nimaces, including gas and oil stoves Surgical appliances and artificial Umbs Tobacco manufactures Toys and games Typewriters and supplies Umbrellas and canes Vinegar and cider Wall paper Wall plaster Window shades and fixtures Wire Wirework, includiag wire rope and cable Wood distillation, not including turpentine and rosin Wood, turned and carved Woolen, worsted, and felt goods, and wool hats Ah other industries AVERAGE NTJMBEB OF WAGE EARNERS IN ESTABLISHMENTS GROUPED ACCORDING TO PREVAILING HOURS OF WORK PER WEEK. Total. 3,430 908 1,781 813 2,990 3,023 64,066 8,244 18, 186 20,281 765 6,017 6,422 3,114 3,118 6,287 42 2,313 965 3,348 5,013 2,508 35,950 1,812 1,124 526 1,964 2,298 10,091 6,379 1,172 499 185 7,586 6,688 8,731 271 1,491 27,471 624 6,939 1,621 21,078 983 1,082 11,938 566 1,102 2,047 3,047 12,073 4,303 761 4,728 730 4,088 1,395 1,663 2,367 63,120 2,066 1,625 453 5,644 12,903 3,065 6,110 284 2,976 1,243 901 905 4,247 464 30,019 1,197 4,638 1,919 629 1,602 1,337 911 1,439 1,649 693 1,279 9,460 40,369 48 and under. 187 11 109 79 117 2,001 618 866 1,999 28 87 22 369 698 115 10 152 50 56 672 236 427 121 91 110 65 282 §6 274 179 18 1,528 2 74 1,878 16 4,377 65 1,471 63 62 364 25 121 1,295 332 666 1,633 41 432 39 234 34,754 101 3 2,271 32 649 3 20 42 35 769 373 97 10,419 161 123 69 14 1 62 114 10 215 30 2,964 Between 48 and 54. 773 2 87 12 161 7,087 4,213 3,668 1,460 73 1,463 776 907 241 27 861 161 1,473 1,060 1,126 1,312 31 350 67 2,943 346 138 788 226 292 45 282 1,336 4 256 167 10,662 587 458 1,481 101 961 1,979 1,695 89 1,762 101 98 895 1,344 423 15,083 82 882 1,305 331 326 315 196 143 95 105 162 S,252 308 181 381 4 12 122 'ioi' 118 649 3,774 54. Between 54 and 60. 2 527 639 23,062 2,870 2,070 1,098 1,702 2 280 122 193 5 1,143 14 682 36 258 464 64 467 423 1,376 162 83 38 1,019 211 5,176 195 3,822 22 262 4,786 201 180 6,967 7 20 1,490 512 279 608 6 491 3,763 135 670 8,512 88 238 120 2,000 1,042 1,135 718 1,1.62 742 46 48 811 110 1,132 26 125 234 14 8 119 424 160 '6,'692' 1,796 1,308 80 57 736 15,091 644 11,307 6,441 311 1,906 lOO 328 1,358 5,490 70 747 825 3,236 384 7,945 63 65 264 1,072 728 200 4 64 4,245 2,470 314 456 5,949 27 684 692 3,970 72 320 649 310 420 844 602 1,372 692 166 178 65 113 617 4,081 16 214 160 7,753 1,275 450 95 763 235 622 3 1,543 72 10,642 666 3,563 1,112 9 613 6 227 640 820 492 4,570 11,594 60. Between 60 and 72. 678 469 10 1,839 1,366 16,665 96 283 9,272 245 864 400 1,361 133 248 62 3 291 504 24,934 263 107 56 10 101 4,745 60 378 1,324 2,763 758 222 484 14,105 77 1,004 421 289 70 62 2,477 275 772 11 619 2,656 296 239 3 32 451 670 866 984 107 331 2,771 225 3,995 143 736 28 65 1,347 23 2,657 35 546 133 484 976 1,271 328 799 291 117 279 4,211 9,644 258 119 335 160 4 25 22 878 19 225 374 663 2 381 378 35 2,563 18 265 68 16 182 15 3,074 72. 335 1,661 26 335 3,161 2,500 20 Over 72. 125 1,368 10 1,349 1,488 21 299 1,359 STATISTICS OF MANUFACTURES. 701 More than two-thirds of the wage earners employed in the manufacturing industries of New York in 1909 worked from 54 to 60 hours a week, while more than one-fourth (27.5 per cent) were employed in estab- lishments where the usual hours were less than 54 a week, and only 4.1 per cent of the total were employed in establishments where more than 60 hours prevailed. The largest number was reported for estab- lishments where the prevailing hours were more than 54 and less than 60 per week. It will be noted that in most of the larger industries the employment was confined mainly to a week of from 54 to 60 hours. Over two-thirds of the wage earn- ers in the cotton-goods, canning and preserving, and hosiery and knit-goods industries, and more than half of those in the slaughtering and meat-packing, bakery, brick and tile, and lumber industries, however, were employed ia establishments where the usual hours were 60 per week. The majority of the wage earners engaged in the blast-furnace and in the gas indus- tries worked more than 72 hours per week, while in marble and stone work, in printing and publishing and in several smaller industries the prevailing hours of labor for a majority of the wage earners were 48 or less per week. location of establishments. — The following table shows the extent to which the manufactures of New York are centralized in cities or villages of 10,000 in- habitants or over. (See Introduction.) Statistics for Lackawanna, a city having over 10,000 inhabitants, whose manufactm-es are practically all carried on by a single corporation, are included with those for the sections of the state outside of such cities and villages, so as to avoid the disclosure of individual operations. Year. Aggregate. CITIES AND Vn.T.AGES HAVING A POPULATION OF 10,000 AND OVEE. DISTRICTS OUTSIDE OP CITIES AND VIL- ITEH. Total. 10,000 to 25,000. 25,000 to 100,000. 100,000 and over. LAGES HAVING A POPULATION OF 10,000 AND OVEK. Number or amount. Per cent of total. Number or amount. Per cent of total. Number or amount. Per cent of total. Number or amount. Per cent of total. Number or amount. Per cent of total. Population 1910 1900 1909 1899 1909 1899 1909 1899 1909 1899 9,113,614 7,268,894 44,935 35,957 1,003,981 726,909 $3,369,490,192 1,871,830,872 1,512,685,850 853,453,686 6,756,593 4,917,781 34,436 26,467 856,875 605,358 $2,925,071,637 1,613,789,902 1,338,483,993 743,566,680 74.1 67.7 76.6 73.6 85.3 83.3 86.8 86.2 88.5 87.1 425,022 446,342 1,915 2,073 67,243 72,177 $179,359,667 124,970,992 75,178,787 56,794,694 4.7 6.1 4.3 6.8 6.7 9.9 5.3 6.7 6.0 6.7 685,322 410,868 2,494 1,822 117,101 70,462 $312,278,868 124,106,211 141,536,506 63,000,645 7.5 5.7 5.6 6.1 11.7 9.7 .3 6.6 9.4 7.4 5,646,249 4,060,571 30,027 22,572 672,531 462,719 $2,433,433,102 1,364,712,699 1,121,768,700 623,771,341 62.0 55.9 66.8 62.8 67.0 63.7 72.2 72.9 74.2 73.1 2,357,021 2,351,113 10,499 9,490 147,106 121,561 $444,418,555 258,040,970 174,101,857 109^887,006 25 9 Nvimber of establishments Average number of wage earn- ers. Value of products ... 32.3 23.4 26.4 14.7 16.7 13 2 Value added by manufacture . . 13.8 11. S 12.9 In 1909, 86.8 per cent of the total value of products for all manufacturing industries in the state was reported from cities and villages having over 10,000 inhabitants, and 85.3 per cent of the average number of wage earners were employed in such cities and villages. While comparatively little change occurred during the decade, the industries located in incor- porated places of this size were somewhat more im- portant relatively and those located outside of such places somewhat less important in 1909 than in 1899. It should be borne in mind, in considering this table, that the increase in the population of certain cities and villages between 1900 and 1910 has caused con- siderable change in the make-up of some of the groups shown in the table. Eleven places — White Plains, Olean Port Chester, North Tonawanda, Batavia, Cortland, Ossinuig, Hudson, Plattsburg, Rensselaer, and Fulton — which had more than 10,000 inhabitants in 1910 had less than that number in 1900, so that for 1899 their statistics are not included with those for incorporated places having a population above that Umit. The total value of products reported for these 11 places in 1909 was $55,595,612, or 1.6 per cent of the total shown for the entire state. If the figures for these places were subtracted from those shown in the table for cities and villages of 10,000 inhabitants or over for 1909 and added to those for the remainder of the state, the proportion for the former would be 85.2 per cent and for the latter 14.8 per cent of the aggregate. These percentages would therefore represent the pro- portions of the total value of products in 1909 reported for the same areas for which statistics are given for 1899. In 1900 Jamestown, Amsterdam, Moimt Ver- non, Niagara Falls, New Rochelle, Poughkeepsie, New- burgh, Watertown, and Kingston were cities of the first group — 10,000 to 25,000 inhabitants — but during the following decade the population of each so increased that in 1910 aU were cities of the second group — 25,000 to 100,000 inhabitants. Albany was a city of the second group in 1900, but by 1910 the increase in the population enabled it to be classed in the third group — 100,000 inhabitants or over. Each of the three groups into which the incorporated places of 10,000 inhabitants or over are divided in the table shows a substantial increase in number of manu- facturing estabUshments, average number of wage earners, value of manufactiu'ed products, and value added by manufactine in 1909 as compared with 1899, except that the group comprising the cities and vOlages having between 10,000 and 25,000 inhabitants shows a decrease in number of establishments and average num- ber of wage earners, due principally to the changes in its composition which have already been referred to. 702 SUPPLEMENT FOR NEW YORK. Of the total value of products reported for the state in 1909, 5.3 per cent was reported from the 29 cities and villages having between 10,000 and 25,000 inhabitants, 9.3 per cent from the 16 cities having between 25,000 and 100,000 inhabitants, 72.2 per cent from the 5 cities having more than 100,000 inhabitants, and 13.2 per cent from the remainder of the state. The population in 1910 and 1900 of the 51 cities and villages which had 10,000 inhabitants or over in 1910 is given in the following statement: CITY OR VILLAGE. New York City. Buffalo Rochester Syracuse Albany Yonkers Troy Utica Schenectady Blnghamton Elmlra Auburn Jamestown Amsterdam Mount Vernon.. Niagara Falls... NewRochelle... Poughkeepsie... Newburgh Watertown Kingston echoes Oswego Gloversville Borne Lockport 1,766,883 423,715 218, 149 137,249 100,253 79,803 76,813 74,419 72,826 48,443 37, 176 34,668 31,297 31,267 30,919 30,445 28,867 27,936 27,805 26,730 25,908 24,709 23,368 20,642 20,497 17,970 3,437,202 352,387 162,608 108,374 94, 151 47,931 175,057 56,383 31,682 39,647 35,672 30,345 22,892 20,929 21,228 19,457 14,720 24,029 24,943 21,696 24,535 23,910 22,199 18,349 15,343 16,581 CITY OB VILLAGE. Dunkirk White Plains Ogdensburg , Middletown Peekskill Glens Falls Watervliet Ithaca Olean Lackawanna 2 Coming Hornell Port Chester Saratoga Springs. Geneva Little Falls North T n a - wanda Batavia Cortland Ossining Hudson Plattsburg Bensselaer Fulton Johnstown 1910 17,221 15,949 15,933 15,313 15,245 15,243 15,074 14,802 14,743 14,549 13,730 13,617 12,809 12,693 12,448 12,273 11,955 11,613 11,504 11,480 11,417 11,138 10,711 10,480 10,447 1900 11,616 7,899 12,633 14,522 10,358 12,613 14,321 13, 136 9,462 11,061 11,918 7,440 12,409 10,433 10,381 9,180 9,014 7,939 9,528 8,434 7,466 88,206 10, 130 ' Includes population ol parts of the towns of Brunswick, Lansingburg, and North Greenbusn, annexed in 1900. 2 Incorporated from part of West Seneca town in 1909. Manufacturing statistics for this city can not be shown separately without disclosing individual operations. 3 Includes population of Oswego Falls, annexed in 1902. The relative industrial importance of these cities and villages is shown in the next table, in which the value of products and the average number of wage earners are shown separately for 1909, 1904, and 1899, so far as figures are available. Lackawaima is not included in that table, for reasons already referred to. Every city or village for which comparative statis- tics are available shows an increase in value of products, and aU but seven an increase in the number of wage earners, for the decade 1899-1909. For the fi^ve-year period 1904-1909 all except five — Dunkirk, Hudson, Ithaca, Watervliet, and Corning— show in- creases in value of products, and aU except nine in- creases in the number of wage earners. The largest decrease in value of products during this period, $3,- 333,596, or 33.6 per cent, took place in Dunkirk, and was the result of the decline in the output of the loco- motive works, which constituted the leading industry in that city. The decrease in Hudson was due mainly to the decline in the production of cement, while the loss in Coming was chiefly in the value of foundry and machine-shop products, two plants engaged in this branch of manufacture having moved to Roches- ter since 1904, and one having gone out of business. The other two cities showing losses in value of prod- ucts are comparatively small industrial centers whose manufactures cover many industries. The largest relative increase for the five-year period, 196.9 per cent, was made by Plattsburg, and was due largely to the estabhshment of an automobile factory there since 1904. The next largest relative gain, 113.9 per cent, was made by Olean, and was due in part to the resump- tion of business by a steam-railroad repair shop and a petroleum refinery in that city, both of which were idle ^n 1904. Other noteworthy gains occurred in Little Falls (89.2 per cent), principally as a result of the increased production of hosiery and knit goods and of leather; in Mount Vernon (79.8 per cent), mainly on account of the establishment of new indus- tries since 1904; in Yonkers (76.9 per cent), largely as the result of the gains in the output of refined sugar, carpets and rugs, and fur-felt hats; and in Glens Falls (72.6 per cent), chiefly because of the growth of the manufacture of men's clothing (including shirts) and of cement, and the starting of new industries there since 1904. CITY OE VILLAGE. New York City Borcmglis: Manhattan.. Bronx Brooklyn Queens Richmond... Buffalo Rochester 2 Yonkers Syracuse 8 Schenectady. . . Troy Utica Niagara Falls.. Albany Amsterdam Blnghamton. . . Auburn Cohoes Jamestown Rome Gloversville Oswego Olean Newburgh 2 North Tona- wanda Poughkeepsie. . Watertown 2... Little Falls Lockport Elmira" Peekskill Fulton Dunkirk Johnstown Cortland Port Chester Kingston 2 Geneva Ogdensburg.. Glens Falls 2.. Middletown., Batavia Hornell Hudson Mount Vernon.. Plattsburg.. - Coming Saratoga Springs Rensselaer Ithaca New Rochelle. Watervliet 2.. Ossining White Plains. AVERAGE NDMBER OF WAGE EARNERS. 1909 1904 554,002 385,358 14,434 123,883 23,891 6,436 51,412 39, 108 12,711 18,148 14,931 20,020 13, 153 6,089 - 9,861 10,284 6,823 6,497 8,209 6,789 3,633 5,741 3,817 2,259 4,344 2,824 3,299 3,291 4,211 2,138 3,647 2,056 2,799 2,756 2;, 2,356 2,122 3,281 1,626 1,259 2,774 1,733 2,007 2,183 1,302 1,207 1,049 2,074 833 763 873 735 753 356 249 464,716 339,221 104,995 14,905 5,595 43,567 31,779 9,779 14,554 14,316 19, 114 10,882 4,574 8,976 7,993 5,636 6, 6,910 5,237 3,209 5,048 3,746 1,175 4,013 2,025 3,775 3,020 2,621 2,323 3,208 1,957 3,395 2,426 2,282 m 2,636 1,680 929 2,052 1,596 1,603 2,200 1,524 670 750 2,355 590 («) 873 617 1,111 1899 388,586 285,265 e) 87,445 10,684 5,192 34,275 28,049 7,555 11,809 8,494 22,933 8.898 2,840 8,106 6,261 5,011 5,r-" 8,273 4>' 2,274 7,813 3,457 1,793 3,074 1,656 2,810 3,223 2,^'~ 2,359 3,570 1,281 (») 2,533 3,696 1,412 P) 2,042 1,180 809 3,101 1,396 1,673 1,549 1,132 438 621 1,600 602 (') 861 198 1,000 h $2,029,692,576 VALUE OF PRODUCTS. 1909 $1,526,523,006 1,388,408,005 42,680,793 417,222,770 161,680,120 29,700,888 218,803,994 112,676,215 69,333,865 49,434,615 38,164,699 37,979,986 31,199,261 28,651,913 22,825,702 22,449,057 17,114,214 15,961,022 14,830,722 14,720,240 14,423,437 14,170,682 10,412,888 10,005,443 9,928,146 9,599,776 9,150,964 8,527,416 8,460,408 8,168,450 8,067,208 7,888,183 7,867,114 6,576,664 6,573,528 6,394,624 6,243,051 6,985,738 6,163,925 4,947,976 4,876,786 4,658,240 4,400,774 3,647,630 3,506,504 3,376,415 3,137,523 3,060,410 2,336,579 2,296,089 1,919,968 1,668,724 1,668,579 1,328,925 815,789 1904 $1,172,870,261 1,043,251,923 C) 373,462,930 92,941,158 16,866,995 147,377,873 81,109,435 33,548,688 34,687,109 33,084,451 31,860,829 22,880,317 16,915,786 20,208,716 15,007,276 13,907,403 13,420,863 10,289,822 10,349,752 8,631,427 9,340,763 7,592,125 4,677,477 7,036,527 6,499,312 7,206,914 7,250,744 4,471,080 5,807,980 6,307,795 7,251,897 (») 9,909,260 4,543,272 4,674,191 (») 4,811,850 4,951,964 3,057,271 2,824,876 3,356,330 3,689,406 3,162,677 4,115,525 1,877,508 1,056,702 3,083,516 1,709,073 (») 2,080,002 1,102,817 1,738,302 8 1899 810,807,975 (') 313,617,489 35,427,561 13,017,236 105,627,182 59,668,959 17,303,690 26,546,297 17,604,859 28,738,800 16,479,327 8,540,184 17,268,690 10,643,310 10,539,242 9,575,000 11,031,169 7,731,083 5,548,622 9,070,520 7,486,637 6,210,156 5,357,742 6,293,686 6,576,562 6,887,831 4,070,696 5,362,669 6,596,603 1,782,977 W 5,226,996 5,123,370 3,063,828 (?) 3,952,340 2,716,145 2,260,889 3,993,634 2,154,742 2,573,132 2,430,998 2,603,677 909,718 1,043,136 2,272,864 1,334,329 (") 1,500,604 508,162 1,507,299 8 > Included in Manhattan Borough. 2 Figures do not agree with those published in 1904, because it was necessary to revise the totals in order to include data only for those estabUshmeots located within the corporate limits of the city. ' Figures not available. STATISTICS OF MANUFACTURES. 703 New York City is not only the leading city and the commercial center of the United States, but also the industrial metropolis, holding first place in the total Talue of manufactured products as well as in many individual industries. In 1909 the population of New York City was practically equal to that of the state of Ohio, and exceeded only by Pennsylvania, Illmois, and New York itself, but the vaJuo of its manufactured prod- ucts exceeded that reported by any state except Penn- sylvania and New York. This predominance in man- ufactures is connected closely with the abundant supply of labor, its large immigrant population being in partic- ular an influential factor in causing manufacturing enterprises to locate there. New York City is the chief center of trade between the United States and Europe and also one of the principal distributing points for domestic trade. This conunercial importance has also contributed greatly to the high rank of the city in manufacturing industries and to making New York the financial center of the United States, thereby ren- dering it easy to obtain capital for the establishment and extension of such industries. Measured by the increase in value of manufac- tured products, the industrial development of New York City from 1904 to 1909 was greater than from 1899 to 1904, the increase bemg $503,169,570, or 33 per cent, for the period 1904-1909, and $353,652,745, or 30.2 per cent, for the period 1899-1904. During the more recent five-year period the average number of wage earners m the manufacturing industries of the city increased 89,286, or 19.2 per cent, as com- pared with an increase of 76,130, or 19.6 per cent, for the earher period. Of the 44,935 manufactur- ing establishments reported for the state in 1909, 25,938, or 57.7 per cent, were located lq this city; the proportion for 1904 was 56 per cent, and for 1899, 53.5 per cent. The establishments in New York Gty reported 55.2 per cent of the wage earners and 60.2 per cent of the value of products for the state in 1909, as compared with 54.2 per cent and 61.3 per cent, respectively, in 1904. The value of the city's manufactiures repre- sented 9.8 per cent of the total value of manufactm-ed products for the United States in 1909 and 10.3 per cent in 1904. Of the 243 industry classifications em- ployed in compiling the 1909 statistics for manufac- tiu-es of the state, 217 were represented in this city, 131 of which covered industries with products valued at more than $1,000,000. There were 21 industries in New York City in 1909 for which a value of products in excess of $20,000,000 was reported. For 2 of these industries, the refining of cane sugar and the smeltmg and refining of copper, statistics can not be presented separately without dis- closing the operations of individual establishments. The other 19 industries, arranged m order of value of products, are indicated in the following tabular state- ment, which shows the absolute and relative increase in this respect between 1904 and 1909, and also the percentage which the value of products for each in- dustry represents' of the corresponding total for the state: Clothing, women's Clothing, men's, including shirts Printing and publishing Slaughtering and meat packing Foxmdry and machine-shop products. Tobacco manufactures , Bread and other bakery products Liquors, malt MiUmery and lace goods Fur goods Gas, illuminating and heating Paint and varnish Musical Instruments, pianos and organs and materials Furnishing goods, men's Patent meofictnes and compounds and druggists' preparations Lumber and timber prodticts Copper, tin, and sheet-iron products. Artificial flowers and feathers and plumes Confectionery VALUE OF PEODUCTS: 1909. J266,477,000 218,411,000 183,509,000 9S,862,qpO 63,853,000 62,488,000 61,904,000 53,469,000 51,239,000 39,874,000 34,117,000 26,664,000 25,516,000 25,496,000 24,984,000 24,122,000 23,303,000 21,098,000 20,062,000 Per cent of total for the state. 97.8 82.1 84.6 75.4 41.4 81.6 71.8 68.8 98.3 96.5 80.6 93.4 75.8 60.4 66.9 33.3 60.6 99.7 78.6 Increase over 1904. Amount. $98,058,000 68,927,000 45,007,000 39,924,000 5,916,000 11,963,000 17,904,000 10,301,000 18, 8%, 000 14,595,000 4,402,000 3,834,000 6,586,000 8,883,000 6,868,000 2,903,000 5,914,000 17,132,000 6,017,000 Per cent. 58.2 46.1 32.5 71.4 10.2 23.7 40.7 23.9 58.4 67.7 14.8 16.8 34.8 53.5 37.9 13.7 34.0 432.0 42.8 It win be noted that for five of the industries included in the preceding tabular statement more than 90 per cent of the total value of products for the state was reported from New York City, the propor- tion rising as high as 99.7 per cent in the case of the manufacture of artificial flowers and feathers and plumes. In seven other industries the establish- ments located in New York City contributed more than three-fourths of the total value of products for the state. For only two industries included in the table — the foundry and machine-shop and the Imnber industries — was less than one-half of the total value of products for the state reported from New York City. The leading industries in New York City in 1909 were the making of women's clothing and of men's clothing. There were 5,521 establishments in the two industries combined, which gave employment to an average of 161,400 wage earners and manufactured products valued at $484,888,000. The printmg and publishing industry was next in importance, with 2,883 estabhshments, 48,322 wage earners, and products valued at $183,509,000. The value of the products of the three industries just mentioned represented 32.9 per cent of the total value of manu- factured products for the city, and they employed 37.9 per (jent of the average number of wage earners engaged in aU manufacturing industries. In addition to the 118 industries presented sepa- rately for New York City in Table I, page 746, there were 99 others which, for various reasons, are in- cluded under the head of "All other industries." Some of these industries were among the most impor- 704 SUPPLEMENT FOR NEW YORK. tant in the city, 36 reporting products in 1909 ex- ceeding $1,000,000 in value.i Of these, 4 reported products valued at $10,000,000 or over; 6, products between $5,000,000 and $10,000,000 in value; and 26, products between $1,000,000 and $5,000,000 in value. Of the five boroughs which form New York City, the Borough of Manhattan is the most important industrially, the value of the manufactured products reported by the establishments within its limits in 1909 constituting 68.4 per cent of the total for the entire city. The proportions of the total contributed by the other boroughs in that year were as follows: Brooklyn, 20.6 per cent; Queens, 7.5 per cent; the Bronx, 2.1 per cent; and Richmond, 1.5 per cent. Each borough made substantial gains from 1904 to 1909 in all items covered by the manufactures statis- tics, with the single exception that the Borough of Kichmond shows a decrease in the number of pro- prietors and firm members. The relative increase in value of products was much greater in the boroughs of Richmond and Queens, however, than in the city as a whole, while in the Borough of Brooklyn it was considerably less, the percentages of increase being as follows: New York City, 33; Borougl;i of Richmond, 76.1; Borough of Queens, 63.2; Borough of Brooklyn, 11.7; and the boroughs of Manhattan and the Bronx combined, 37.2. The Jeading industries in the Bor- ough of Manhattan were to a large extent the same as those previously enumerated for the city as a whole, while in the Borough of Brooklyn refined sugar was the leading product ; in the Borough of Queens, smelted and refined copper; in the Borough of the Bronx, pianos and organs and materials; and in the Borough of Richmond, soap. The totals presented for New York City do not include the statistics for three estabhshments oper- ated by the Federal Government, namely, the United States navy yard, with 3,622 wage earners and prod- ucts valued at $7,032,416 in 1909; the United States Naval Clothing Factory, with 96 wage earners and products valued at $670,198, located in Brooklyn; and the United States Lighthouse EstabHshment, with 60 wage earners and products, such as illuminat- ing and signal apparatus and machinery and other Ughthouse supplies, valued at $995,745, located at Tompkinsville, in the Borough of Richmond. ' These industries are: Awnings, tents, and sails. Babbitt metal and solder. Bags, other than paper. Baking powders and yeast. Billiard tables and materials. Chocolate and cocoa products. Cloth, sponging and refinishing. Cordials and sirups. Cork, cutting. Dentists' materials. Dyestuffs and extracts. Flavoring extracts. riour-miU and gristmill products. Glue. Grease and tallow. Eat and cap materials. Hats, straw. Iron and steel, steel works and rolling mills. Iron and steel forginfes. Labels and tags. Lapidary work. Liquors, distilled. Mineral and soda waters. Moving pictures. Mucilage and paste. * Oil, linseed. Oil, not elsewhere specified. Oilcloth and Unoleum. Paper patterns. Pencils, lead. Petroleum, refining. Signs and advertising novelties. Smelting and refining, copper. Sugar, refining, not Includmg beet sugar. Tin foil. Wire. Buffalo, the second city of importance in the state, shows an increase from 1904 to 1909 of $71,426,121, or 48.5 per cent, in value of products, and of 7,845, or 18 per cent, in the average number of wage earners. Ranked by value of products, Buffalo was ninth among the cities of the United States in 1909, as compared with eleventh in 1904. In 1909 the average number of wage earners employed in manufacturing industries in Buffalo represented 5.1 per cent, and the value of its manufactured products, 6.5 per cent, of the respective totals for the state. The leading industries of Buffalo, arranged in the order of value of products, are indicated in the fol- lowing tabular statement, which shows the absolute and relative increase in this respect between 1904 and 1909, and also the percentage which the value of products for each industry represents of the corre- sponding total for the state: Slaughtering and meat packing Foundry and machine-shop products. Flour-mill and gristmill products. ... Automobiles, including bodies and parts Soap Printing and publishing Malt VALtJE OF PEODHCTS: 1909. Amount. $25,416,000 20,7'5,000 19,942,000 9,398,000 8,663,000 7,679,000 7,095,000 Per cent of total for the state. 20.0 13.5 28. 6 31.0 36.7 3.5 64.2 Increase over 1904. Amount. $9,196,000 6,218,000 10,134,000 8,212,000 3,860,000 1,233,000 4,059,000 Per cent. 56.7 42.7 103.3 692.5 80.5 19.1 133.7 The blast-furnace industry, the manufacture of lin- seed oU, and the smelting and refining of copper, which are also among the principal industries of the city, are not included in the above table, since statistics for these three industries can not be presented separately without disclosing the operations of individual estab- lishments. More than one-half of the value of the linseed oil manufactured in New York in 1909 was, however, reported from Buffalo. In addition to the 43 industries shown separately for Buffalo in Table I, page 744, and the 3 industries referred to in the preceding paragraph, there were a number of others which, for reasons similar to those given in the discussion of the corresponding group for the state as a whole (p. 688), are included under the head of "AM other industries" in Table I. Some of these industries were among the more important in the city; in fact, 13 reported products between $1,000,000 and $5,000,000 in value for 1909.=* Rochester shows an increase in 1909, as compared with 1904, of $31,566,780, or 38.9 per cent, in value of ^ These industries are: Agricultural implements. Belting and hose, woven and rubber. Boxes, fancy and paper. Cars, steam-railroad, not including oper- ations of railroad companies. Fertilizers. Food preparations. Iron and steel, steel works and rolling mills. Musical instrimients, pianos and organs and materials. Paint and varnish. Petroleum, refining. Rubber goods, not elsewhere specified. Sulphuric, nitric, and mixed acids. Wood distillation, not including turpen- tine and rosin. STATISTICS OF MANUFACTURES. 705 products, and 7,329, or 23.1 per cent, in the average number of wage earners. It ranked twentieth in 1909 and twenty-first in 1904 among the manufacturing cities of the United States, as measured by value of products. The average number of wage earners and the total value of products reported from this city in 1909 formed 3.9 per cent and 3.3 per cent, respectively, of the corresponding totals for the state. The leadmg industries of the city, named ia the order of the value of their products, are the making of men's clothing, the manufacture of photographic apparatus and mate- rials, the manufacture of boots and shoes, the foundry and machine-shop industry, and printing and pub- lishing. The larger part of the photographic appara- tus^ and materials manufactured in New York are made in Eochester, while 27.9 per cent of the value of products for the boot and shoe industry of the state in 1909, over one-half of that for the optical-goods in- dustry, and 19.4 per cent of that for the button indus- try were reported from this city. In addition to the 40 industries shown separately for Kochester in Table I, page 759, there were 12 other industries having a value of products in excess of $500,000 in 1909 which are included under the head of "All other industries,"' some of these betog among the most important industries of the city. The manufacturing activities of Yonkers were confined largely to five industries which, named in order of their relative importance as measured by value of products, were as follows: Sugar refining, not including beet sugar; carpets and rugs, other than rag; fur-felt hats; foundry and machine-shop prod- ucts; and rubber goods, "not elsewhere specified." With the exception of the foimdry and machine- shop industry, less than three estabhshments were reported for each of these industries, so that their statistics can not be presented separately without dis- closiog the operations of individual establishments. The factories of Syracuse in 1909 showed an increase over 1904 of 3,594, or 24.7 per cent, in the number of wage earners, and of $14,747,506, or 42.5 per cent, in value of products. This city has a considerable num- ber of important industries, 14 of which had a value of products in 1909 exceeding $1,000,000. The most important of these were the manufacture of automo- biles the foundry and machine-shop industry, the manufacture of typewriters and typewriter suppUes, and the making of men's clothing. Schenectady owes its importance largely to the manufacture of electrical machinery, apparatus, and ' These industries, named in order of the value of products, are: Photographio apparatus and materials. Petroleum, refining. Optical goods. , , Copper, tin, and sheet-iron products. Canning and preserving. Stationery goods, not elsewhere speci- fied. Gas, illuminating and heating. Cordials and sirups. Automobiles, including bodies and parts. Blac Blacking and cleansing and polishing preparations. Leather goods. Hosiery and knit goods. supplies and the construction of steam-railroad loco- motives. Three establishments were reported for the former industry and one for the latter, but the sta- tistics for these industries can not be presented sep- arately without disclosing the operations of individual establishments. It may be stated, however, that these two industries contributed the bulk of the total value of products shown for all manufacturing in- dustries in the city combined. The city as a whole shows an increase in 1909, as compared with 1904, of $5,080,248, or 15.4 per cent, in value of products and 615, or 4.3 per cent, in the average number of wage earners. Troy, which shows an increase for the five years from 1904 to 1909 of $6,119,157, or 19.2 per cent, in value of products, and of 906, or 4.7 per cent, in the aver- age number of wage earners, owes its importance in manufactures mainly to the collar and cuff branch of the men's furnishing-goods industry, the men's cloth- ing industry, and the output of the steel works and rolling mills, breweries, foundries and machine shops, and knitting mills. These 6 industries combined re- ported products in 1909 valued at $29,252,466, or 77 per cent of the total value of products for the city. Troy is known throughout the country as a center for the manufacture of collars and cuffs. The 21 establish- ments which were engaged in this branch of manu- facturing in Troy during 1909 reported products val- ued at $13,638,745, which represented 85.8 per cent of the total value of such products for the state and 79.2 per cent of the total for the United States. Utica is one of the leading cities of the state in the manufacture of textiles. During 1909 there were 15 knitting mills, 3 cotton nulls, 1 worsted mill, and 1 cordage and twine mill in operation in the city, which together gave employment to an average of 7,725 wage earners and reported products valued at $15,977,371, representing 58.7 per cent and 51.2 per cent of the respective totals for the city. Other industries of par- ticular importance, as measured by value of products, were the making of men's clothing and the foundry and machine-shop, brewery, and lunJber industries. For all industries combined the increases in 1909 over 1904 were. $8,318,944, or 36.4 per cent, in value of products, and 2,271, or 20.9 per cent, in average num- ber of wage earners. Niagara Falls is the center of the chemical industry in the state, the value of its chemical products in 1909 amounting to $11,996,726, which was 33.9 per cent of the total for the industry in the state, and also represented 41.9 per cent of the total value of products for all manufacturing industries of the city combined. Furthermore, Niagara Falls far outranks all other cities of the United States in the manufacture of chemical substances by electrolytic processes, this branch of the chemical industry having developed very rapidly as a 706 SUPPLEMENT FOR NEW YORK. result of the utilization of the water power of the falls for the generation of electric current. Other industries of importance in 1909 were the manufacture of food preparations, the flour-null and gristmill industry, and the manufacture of paper and wood pulp, silver- ware and plated ware, and emery and other abrasive wheels. Albany shows an increase in 1909 over 1904 of $2,616,987, or 12.9 per cent, in value of products, and 885, or 9.9 per cent, in the average number of wage earners. The manufacturing interests of this city include a considerable number of industries, the most important of which were printing and publishing, breweries, steam-railroad repair shops, foundries and machine shops, bakeries, and hosiery and knitting mUls. GloversvUle is the center of the leather glove and mitten industry not only in the state but also in the United States. Of the 225 establishments reported for the state in 1909, 87 were located in this city, the total value of their products being $8,869,706, or 61.9 per cent of the total for the industry in the state and 62.6 per cent of the total value reported for all industries in the city. Johnstown, with 54 establish- ments manufacturing leather gloves and mittens in 1909, reported a product valued at $3,258,362, which was nearly one-half the amount reported for all the manufacturing industries of the city. The following tabular statement shows the princi- pal industry or industries, as measured by value of products, in each of the remaining cities and villages having 10,000 inhabitants or over: CITY OK VILLAGE. Principal industry. CITY OE VILLAGE. Principal industry. Carpets and rugs, other than rag. Hosiery and knit goods. Tobacco manufactures- Agricultural implements. Cordage and twme. Hosiery and knit goods. Worsted goods. Furniture and refrigerators. Brass and bronze products. Matches. Starch. Petroleum, refining- Clothing, men's, including shirts. Lumber and timber products. Iron and steel, blast furnaces. Dairymen's, poulterers', and apiarists' supplies. Foundry and^machine-shop products. Hosiery and knit goods. Flour-mill and gristmill products. Foundry and machine-shop products. Lumber and timber products. Liquors, distilled. Worsted goods. Locomotives, not made by railroad companies. Iron and steel, steel works and rolling imlls. House-furnishing goods, not elsewhere specified. Geneva Malt. Glens Falls Flour-mill aijd gristmill products. Clothing, men's, including shirts. Batavia railroad companies. Condensed milk. Leather, tanned, curried, and finished. Rome Agricultural implements'. Cars and general shop construction and repairs by steam- Horuell Olean railroad companies. Hosiery and knit goods. Plattsburg Coming Glass. Watertown Saratoga Springs Druggists' preparations. Felt goods. Printmg and publishing. Ithaca Watervliet Foundry and machine-siiop products. White Plains Planing mills. Cortland Bread and other bakery products. Port Chester The totals presented for Watervliet in Table I do not include the statistics for the arsenal in that city, operated by the Federal Government. In 1909 this plant employed an average of 308 wage earners and manufactured products valued at $619,124. Lackawanna is the center of the iron and steel industry in the state. The manufactures of the city are almost exclusively confined to that industry, which is represented mainly by two establishments, and for this reason the statistics for the city can not be pre- sented separately, for to do so would disclose the operations of these establishments. Character of ownership. — The table on page 707 has for its purpose the presentation of conditions in respect to the character of ownership, or legal organiza- tion, of manufacturing enterprises. For aU industries combined comparative figures are given covering the censuses of 1909 and 1904. Comparative data for 1899 are not available. Figures for 1909 only are presented for several important industries individually. In order to avoid disclosing the operations of indi- vidual concerns it is necessary to omit several impor- tant industries from this table and the one following. The most important distinction shown is that be- tween corporate and all other forms of ownership. For all industries combined, 20.8 per cent of the total number of estabhshments were in 1909 under corpo- rate ownership, as against 79.2 per cent under all other forms. The corresponding figures for 1904 were 16.4 per cent and 83.6 per cent, respectively. Of the total value of products, however, the establishments operated by corporations reported 62.6 per cent in 1909, as against 37.4 per cent reported by those under all other forms of ownership, while in 1904 the corresponding figures were 56. 1 per cent and 43.9 per cent, respectively. The greatest decrease in relative numerical importance from 1904 to 1909 is shown for establishments operated by individuals, which represented 56.5 per cent of the total number of establishments in 1909, as compared with 59.4 per cent in 1904. Among the industries given separately in the table, the gas industry shows the great- est proportion of the total value of products reported by establishments under the corporate form of owner- ship, namely, 99.9 per cent. The largest percentage for estabhshments operated by firms was 55.7 per cent, in the manufacture of men's clothing, and for those owned by individuals, 33.4 per cent, in the car- riage and wagon industry. STATISTICS OF MANUFACTURES. 707 nrousTEY i2n> chabacteb OF OWKEBSHIF. AIX INDTTSTRIES: 1904. Individual: 1909 1904 Finn: 1909 1904 Ckjrporation: 1909 1904 Other: 1909 1904 Per cent of total: 1909 1904 Individual: 1909 1904 Firm: 1909 1904 Corporation; 1909 1904 Other: 1909 1904 Agricultural Implements, 1909 Individual Firm Corporation Per cent of total.. Individual Firm Corporation Automobiles, Including bodies and parts, 1909.. Individual Firm Corporation Per cent of total.. Individual Firm C(»^ration Boots and shoes, includ- ing cut stock and find- ings, 1909 Individual Firm Corporation Per cent of total. , Individual Firm Corporation Carriages and wagons and materials, 1909 Individual Firm Corporation Per cent of total. Individual Firm Corporation Chemicals, 1909. Individual Firm Corporation Percent of total.. Individual Firm Corporation Clothing, men's, ing shirts, 1909. Individual Firm Corporation includ- Per cent of total. Individual Firm Corporation Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. 44,935 37,194 25,407 22,081 9,822 8,737 9,345 6,086 361 290 100.0 100.0 56.5 59.4 21.9 23.5 20.8 16.4 8 0.8 100.0 33.3 17.5 49.1 113 23 17 73 100.0 20.4 15.0 64.6 296 148 61 87 100.0 50.0 20.6 29.4 610 414 131 65 100.0 67.9 21.5 10.7 74 12 4 58 100.0 16.2 5.4 78.4 2,983 1,048 1,119 216 100.0 55.2 37.5 7.2 number of wage earners. 1,003,981 856,947 194,240 186,317 218,203 214,520 589,771 454,396 1,767 1,714 100.0 100.0 19.3 21.7 21.7 25.0 58.7 53.0 0.2 0.2 5,717 14S 53 0,519 100.0 2.5 0.9 96.5 9,861 413 258 9,190 100.0 4.2 2.6 93.2 21,627 2,602 7,1.55 11,870 100.0 12.0 33.1 54.9 6,116 2,116 916 3,084 100.0 34.6 15.0 50.4 5,746 105 12 5,629 100.0 1.8 0.2 98.0 91,363 30,630 37,820 22,913 100.0 33.5 41.4 25.1 Value of products. 13,369,490,192 2,488,345,579 562,350,324 443,142,687 698,928,348 641,741,427 2,108,026,670 1,396,924,211 10,184,850 6,637,254 100.0 100.0 16.4 17.8 20.7 25.8 62.6 66.1 0.3 3 814,970,980 271,450 245,308 14,454,222 100.0 1.8 1.6 96.5 $30,979,527 1,003,804 680,829 29,288,894 100.0 3.2 2.2 94.5 $48,185,914 5,369,600 17,534,152 25,292,162 100.0 11.1 36.4 52.5 $13,292,531 4,434,217 1,606,750 7,262,564 100.0 33.4 12.1 64 6 $35,346,072 749,025 74,218 34,622,829 100.0 2.1 0.2 97.7 $266,075,427 51,761,642 148,106,765 66,207,030 100.0 19.5 56.7 24.9 Value added by manu- facture. $1,612,585,860 1,130,742,293 264,480,758 215,989,876 304,973,706 279,069,847 940,082,508 642,475,934 3,048,878 2,216,636 100.0 100.0 17.6 19.0 20.2 24.5 62.2 56.4 0.2 0.2 $8,566,330 160,578 158,821 8,236,931 100.0 1.9 1.9 96.3 $16,071,425 604,838 382,963 15,083,624 100.0 3.8 2.4 93.9 $19,211,403 2,290,683 6,366,057 10,554,663 100.0 11.9 33.1 54.9 $7,483,813 2,661,493 1,057,207 3,765,113 100.0 35.6 14.1 60.3 $15,637,618 303,022 46,259 15,288,237 100.0 1.9 0.3 97.8 $130,748,784 32,264,609 65,952,806 32,531,309 100.0 24.7 50.4 24.9 nroUSTET AND CHAKACTEE OP OWNEESHIP. Clothing, women's, 1909. Individual Firm Corporation i Per cent of total. Individual Firm Corporation i Confectionery, 1909.. Individual Firm Corporation Per cent of total. Individual Firm Corporation Copper, tin, and sheet- Iron products, 1909 Individual Firm Corporation Per cent of total. Individual Firm Corporation Flour-mlll and gristmill products, 1909 Individual Firm Corporation Per cent of total. Individual Firm Corporation Food preparations, 1909. Individual Firm Corporation Per cent of total. Individual Firm Corporation Foundry and machine- shop products, 1909 Individual Firm Corporation Per cent of total. Individual Firm Corporation Furnishing goods, men's, 1909 Individual Firm Corporation Per cent of total. Individual Firm Corporation Gas, illuminating heating, 1909 Individual Corporation 2 Other and Per cent of total . Individual Corporation 2 Other Hats, fui-felt, 1909.. Individual Firm Corporation Percent of total. Individual Firm Corporation Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. 3,083 1,470 1,344 100.0 47.7 43.6 8.7 Average number of wage earners. 106 58 100.0 42.2 23.3 34.5 357 144 185 100.0 52.0 21.0 27.0 983 591 271 121 100.0 60.1 27.6 12.3 36 53 100.0 49.7 20.3 29.9 1,872 731 329 812 100.0 39.0 17.6 43.4 375 201 118 66 100.0 53.6 31.5 14.9 130 3 100.0 6.7 92.2 2.1 11 100.0 54.5 20.5 25.0 1 Includes the group " Other," to avoid disclosure of individual operations. ' Includes the group " Firm," to avoid disclosure of individual operations. > Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. 98,104 33,552 48,436 16, 116 100.0 34 2 49.4 16.4 Value of products. 8,670 2,043 1,922 4,605 100.0 23.8 22.4 63.7 14,689 2,176 1,647 10,866 100.0 14 8 11.2 74.0 771 468 1,751 100.0 25.8 15.7 58.6 3,023 263 689 2,171 100.0 8.7 19.5 71.8 64,066 6,809 6,047 51,210 100.0 10.6 9.4 79.9 18, 186 2,474 4,457 11,255 100.0 13.6 24.5 61.9 6,422 7 6,413 2 100.0 0.1 99.9 5,013 423 641 3,949 100.0 B.4 12.8 78.8 $272,617,792 89,237,866 137,676,990 46,602,946 100.0 32.7 50.5 16.7 $26,610,394 6,101,430 6,203,654 13,235,310 100.0 23.9 24 3 51.8 $38,462,127 6,723,130 3,914,233 28,814,764 100.0 14.9 10.2 74.9 $69,802,!&8 12,859,782 8,929,954 48,012,542 100.0 18.4 12.8 68.8 $17,324,076 1,630,683 2,006,644 13,686,749 100.0 9.4 11.6 79.0 $164,370,346 14,728,284 12,705,821 126,936,241 100.0 9.5 8.2 82.2 $42,197,117 8,180,666 13,918,011 20,098,441 100.0 19.4 33.0 47.6 $42,346,726 18,406 42,321,805 6,516 (') . 100.0 $10,218,660 1,668,650 1,630,879 7,029,231 100.0 15.3 16.0 Value added by manu- facture. $124,375,317 40,725,856 62,150,266 21,499,205 100.0 32.7 50.0 17.3 $9,896,318 1,888,700 2,229,893 5,777,725 100.0 19.1 22.5 68.4 $17,417,341 3,164,499 2,161,314 12,101,528 100.0 18.2 12.4 69.5 $9,331,977 1,929,975 1,312,740 6,089,262 100.0 20.7 141 65.3 $7,663,823 629,713 933,983 6,100,127 100.0 8.2 12.2 79.6 $92,749,146 8,876,449 7,947,174 75,925,623 100.0 9.6 8.6 81.9 $20,620,777 3,246,180 5,963,274 11,411,323 100.0 16.7 28.9 56.3 $27,328,320 7,875 27,319,387 1,058 100.0 I 100.0 $4,812,395 559,666 852, 768 3,400,071 100.0 11.6 17.7 70.7 708 SUPPLEMENT FOR NEW YORK. INDUSTRY AND CHAEACTEE OF OWNEESHIP. Hosiery and knit goods, 1909 Individual Firm Corporation Per cent of total. Individual Firm Corporation Leather goods, 1909. Individual Firm Corporation Per cent of total. Individual Firm Corporation Leather, tanned, curried, and finished, 1909 Indij'idual Finn Corporation Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. Percent of total. Individual Firm Corporation Liquors, malt, 1909. Individual Firm Corporation Per cent of total. Individual Firm Corporation Lumber and timber prod- ucts, 1909 Individual Firm Corporation > Per cent of total. Individual Firm Corporation ' Malt, 1909.. Individual Firm , Corporation Per cent of total. , Individual Finn Corporation Marble and stone work, 1909 Individual Finn Corporation Per cent of total. . Individual Firm Corporation Millinery and lace goods, 1909 Individual Firm Corporation Per cent of total. Individual Firm Corporation 360 131 73 156 100.0 36.4 20.3 43.3 483 272 137 74 100.0 56.3 28.4 15.3 Average number of wage earners, 109 41 35 33 100.0 37.6 32.1 30.3 184 24 17 143 100.0 13.0 9.2 77.7 2,203 1,446 469 348 100.0 63.9 20.7 15.4 17 100.0 37.5 9.4 53.1 655 375 174 106 100.0 57.3 26.6 16.2 931 461 342 128 100.0 49.5 36.7 13.7 35,950 3,634 7,231 25,085 100.0 10.1 20.1 69.8 7,586 2,223 2,763 2,600 100.0 29.3 36.4 34.3 6,688 1,133 1,728 2,827 100.0 19.9 30.4 49.7 8,731 1,145 223 7,363 100.0 13.1 2.6 84.3 Value of products. $67,130,296 7,360,601 13,%9,732 45,800,063 100.0 11.0 20.8 68.2 $20,996,602 6,883,479 7,812,400 7,300,723 100.0 28.0 37.2 34.8 $27,642,383 3,783,188 9,202,647 14,666,548 100.0 13.7 33.3 53.0 Value added by manu- facture. 27,471 7,141 5,522 14,808 100.0 26.0 20.1 53.9 524 106 9 409 100.0 20.2 1.7 78.1 6,939 1,968 1,461 3,510 100.0 28.4 21.1 50.6 21,078 6,773 9,565 4,740 100.0 32.1 45.4 22.5 $77,720,045 10,989,795 1,286,179 65,444,071 100.0 14.1 1.7 84.2 $72,529,813 16,730,064 13,731,626 42,068,123 100.0 23.1 18.9 58.0 $11,051,078 1,174,874 159, 193 9,717,011 100.0 10.6 1.4 87.9 $17,921,285 4,968,149 3,978,056 8,975,080 100.0 27.7 22.2 50.1 $52,106,200 16,495,172 22,996,632 12,614,396 100.0 31.7 44.1 24.2 $28,462,926 3,012,405 6,087,870 19,352,650 100.0 10.6 21.4 68.0 $9,364,501 2,501,382 3,414,884 3,448,235 100.0 26.7 36.5 36.8 $6,701,660 1,188,789 1,892,428 3,620,433 100.0 17.7 28.2 54.0 $68,837,018 8,069i890 867,985 49,899,143 100.0 13.7 1.5 84.8 $30,824,722 8,258,813 5,952,774 16,613,135 100.0 26.8 19.3 53.9 $2, 178, 636 318, 165 31, 170 1,829,311 100.0 14.6 1.4 84.0 $10,846,761 3,043,484 2,523,665 5,278,612 100.0 28.1 23.3 48.7 $24,971,417 8,070,934 10,964,278 5,936,205 100.0 32.3 43.9 23.8 INDUSTEY AND CHAEACTEE OF OWNERSHIP. Musical Instruments, pianos and organs and materials, 1909 Individual Firm Corporation Per cent of total. . Individual Firm Corporation Paint and varnish, 1909. Individual Finn Corporation . j Per cent of total. Individual Finn Corporation Paper and wood pulp, 1909 Individual Finn Corporation Per cent of total. Individual Firm Corporation Printing and publishing, 1909 Individual Finn Corporation Other Per cent of total. Individual Firm Corporation Other Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. Slaughtering and meat packing, 1909 Individual Firm Corporation Per cent of total. Individual Firm Corporation Soap, 1909. Individual Firm Corporation Per cent of total. Individual Firm Corporation Tobacco manufactures, 1909 Individual Firm Corporation Percent of total. Individual Firm Corporation Woolen, worsted, and felt goods, and wool hats, 1909 Individual Firm Corporation Percent of total. Individual Firm Corporation 184 65 26 103 100. 29.9 14.1 56.0 147 36 17 94 lOO.O 24.5 11.6 63.9 178 21 16 141 100.0 11.8 9.0 79.2 Average number of wage earners. 4,426 2,309 648 1,341 128 100.0 52.2 14.6 30.3 2.9 238 146 50 42 100.0 61.3 21.0 17.6 67 27 9 31 100.0 40.3 13.4 46.3 3,371 2,926 325 120 100.0 86.8 9.6 3.6 64 14 17 33 100.0 21.9 26.6 51.6 11,938 1,744 1,612 8,582 100.0 14.6 13.5 71.9 3,047 402 1% 2,449 100.0 13.2 6.4 80.4 Value of products. $33,679,963 5,744,849 2,861,525 25,073,579 100.0 17.1 8.5 74.4 $28,669,474 3,799,659 2,047,838 22,711,977 100.0 13.3 7.2 79.6 12,073 273 280 11,620 100.0 2.3 2.3 95.4 63,120 10,736 6,683 45,044 657 100.0 17.0 10.6 71.4 1.0 6,110 949 937 4,224 100.0 15.5 15.3 69.1 2,976 423 310 2,243 100.0 14.2 10.4 75.4 30, 019 9,160 6,603 14, 256 100.0 30.6 22.0 47.5 9,460 96 1,433 7,931 100.0 1.0 16.1 83.8 $48,859,610 957,261 975,251 .46,927,098 100.0 2.0 2.0 96.0 $216,946,482 34,420,640 18,983,100 161,017,212 2,525,530 100.0 15.9 8.8 74.2 1.2 $127,130,051 17,134,693 25,164,429 84,830,929 100.0 13.5 19.8 66.7 $23,682,977 2,932,231 1,942,807 18,707,939 100.0 12.4 8.2 79.3 Value added by manu- facture. $16,185,20< 2,462,897 1,719,915 12,002,394 100.0 15.2 10.6 74.2 $10,664,108 1,226,900 813,220 8,623,988 100.0 11.5 7.6 80.9 $17,092,327 371,027 376,378 16,344,922 100.0 2.2 2.2 95.6 $160,462,222 25,878,131 13,606,595 119,154,268 1,813,228 100.0 16.1 8.5 74.3 1.1 $16,961,817 2,191,463 2,510,493 12,259,861 100.0 12.9 14.8 72.3 $76,661,662 18,038,101 16,464,576 42,158,875 100. 23.5 21.5 55.0 $23,739,121 200,029 3,773,116 19,766,276 100.0 0.8 15.9 83.3 $7,970,695 963,718 711,531 6,295,346 100.0 12.1 8.9 79.0 $46,320,146 11,024,114 9,562,638 24,733,394 100.0 24.3 21.1 54.6 $8,996,393 104,695 1,604,913 7,385,785 100.0 1.2 16.7 82.1 ' Includes the group " Other," to avoid Size of establishment. — ^The tendency for manufac- turing to become concentrated in large establishments, or the reverse, is a matter of interest from the stand- point of industrial organization. In order to throw some light upon it the table on page 709 groups the es- tablishments according to the value of their products. The table also shows the average size of establish- disclosure of individual operations. ments for all industries combined and for important industries separately as measured by number of wage earners, value of products, and value added by manu- facture. The totals for all industries are shown in the table for the last two censuses, while for the industries separately the figures given are confined to the census of 1909. STATISTICS OF MANUFACTURES. 709 INDUSTEY AND VALUE OF PEODUCTB. ALL INDUSTRIES: 1909 1904 Less than tS.OOO: 1909 1904 t5,0OD and less than $20,000; 1909 1904, $20,000 and less than $100,000: 1909 1904 .'...'.'.'.'.'. $100,000 and less than $1,000,000: 1909 1904 $1,000,000 and over: 1909 1904 Per cent of total: 1909 1904 Less than $5,000: 1909 1904 $5,00b and less than $26,660: 1909 1904 $20,000 and less than $100,000: 1909 1904 $100,000 and less than $1,000,000: 1909 1904 $1,000,000 and over: 1909 1904 Average per establishment: 1909 1904 Agricultural Implements, 1909 Less than $5,000 $S,000 and less than $20,000 $20,000 and less than $100,000 $100,000 and less than $1,000,000.. $1,000,000 and over Per cent of total Less than $5,000 $5,000 and less than $20,000 $20,000 and less than $100,000 $100,000 and less than $1,000,000.. $1,000,000 and over Average per establishment. . Automobiles, including bodies and parts, 1909. Less than $5,000 $5,000 and less than $20,000 $20,000 and less than $100,000 $100,000 and less than $1,000,000.. $1,000,000 and over Per cent of total Less than $5,000 $5,000 and less than $20,000 $20,000 and less than $100,000 $100,000 and less than $1,000,000.. $1,000,000 and over Average per establishment. . Boots and shoes, includ- ing cut stock and find- ings, 1909 Less than $5,000 $6,000 and less than $20,000 $20,000 and less than $100,000 ... . $100,000 and less than $1,000,000.. $1,600,000 and over Per cent of total Less than $5,000 $5,000 and less than $20,000 $20,000 and less than $100,000 $106,000 and less than $1,000,000... $1,600,000 and over Average per estabUshment. . . Carriages and wagons and materials, 1909 Less than $6,000 $5,000 and less than $20,000 $20,000 and less than $100,000 ... . $100,000 and less than $l,600,0OO.. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. Per cent of total Less than $5,000 $5,000 and less than $20,000 $20,000 and less than $100,000 $100,000 and less than $1 000,000.. . Average per estabUshment . . . 44,935 37, 191 12,274 10,338 15,325 13,352 11,614 9,111 5,252 4,099 a 470 294 100.0 100.0 27.3 27.8 34.1 35.9 25.8 24.5 11.7 11.0 1.0 0.8 1,003,981 856,947 15,130 14,734 83,503 80,845 211,736 188,008 438,229 393,872 255,383 179,488 100.0 100.0 67 13 12 17 10 5 100.0 22.8 21.1 29.8 17.6 113 11 21 44 30 7 100.0 9.7 18.6 38.9 26.5 6.2 296 57 81 74 71 13 100.0 19.3 27.4 25.0 24.0 4.4 610 223 267 90 25 100.0 37.4 43.8 14.8 4.1 Average number of wage earners. 1.5 1.7 9.4 21.1 21.9 43.7 46.0 25.4 20.9 $3,369,490,192 2,488,345,579 29,649,739 25,615,212 165,058,226 ■ 138,932,903 615,939,471 405,213,693 1,412,874,684 1,102,583,934 1,245,968,072 816,099,837 100.0 100.0 0.9 1.0 4.9 5.6 15.3 16.3 41.9 44.3 37.0 32.8 $74,986 66,902 5,717 14 47 432 967 4,257 100.0 0.2 0.8 7.6 16.9 74.5 10 9,861 14 118 925 3,074 5,730 100.0 0.1 1.2 9.4 31.2 58.1 87 21, 627 107 579 1,918 9,868 9,165 100.0 0.6 2.7 8.9 45.6 42.4 73 6,116 266 1,407 1,830 2,614 100.0 4.3 23.0 29.9 42.7 10 Value of products. $14,970,980 30,602 109,650 911,827 3,298,526 10,620,375 100.0 0.2 0.7 6.1 22.0 70.9 $262,649 $30,979,527 29,928 260,049 2,167,178 9,367,680 19,154,692 100.0 0.1 0.8 7.0 30.2 61.8 $274,155 $48,185,914 161,733 919,022 3,588,566 21,019,139 22,497,454 100.0 0.3 1.9 7.4 43.6 46.7 $162,790 $13,292,531 559,956 2,661,516 3,565,186 6,505,873 100.0 4.2 20.0 26.8 48.9 $21,791 Value added by .manu- facture. $1,612,585,850 1,139,742,293 18,996,136 16,635,765 93,919,002 79,360,544 266,722,940 217,005,036 664,347,244 531,335,282 468,600,629 296,406,666 100.0 100.0 1.3 1.5 6.2 7.0 17.6 19.0 43.9 46.6 31.0 26.9 $33,662 30,643 $8,556,330 19,647 62,128 560,949 1,567,281 6,346,325 100.0 0.2 0.7 6.6 18.3 74.2 $150,111 $16,071,425 19,865 151,859 1,303,796 4,931,341 9,664,664 100.0 0.1 0.9 8.1 30.7 60.1 $142,225 $19,211,403 93,546 466,673 1,661,113 8,955,848 8,044,723 100.0 0.6 2.4 8.6 46.6 41.9 $64,903 $7,483,813 362,725 1,752,666 2,051,842 3,316,581 100.0 4.8 23.4 27.4 44.3 $12,269 DJDUSTBY AND VALtJE OF PRODUCTS. Chemicals, 1909 Less than $6,000 $5,000 and less than $20,000 $20,000 and less than $100,000 ... . $100,000 and less than $1,000,000.. $1,000,000 and over Per cent of total Less than $5,000 $5,000 and less than $20,000 $20,000 and less than $100,000 $100,000 and less than $1,000,000.. $1,060,000 and over J . . Average per establishment. . Clottaing, men's, including shirts, 1909 Less than $6,000 $5,000 and less than $20,000 $20,000 and less than $100,000 $100,000 and less than $1,600,000.. $1,000,000 and over Per cent of total Less than $5,000 $5,000 and less than $20,000 $20,000 and less than $100,000 $100,000 and less than $1,600,000.., $1,060,000 and over Average per establishment. . . Clothing, women's, 1909. . . Less than $5,000 $5,000 and less than $20,000 $20,000 and less than $100,000 $100,000 and less than $1,000,000.. $1,000,000 and over Per cent of total Less than $5,000 $5,000 and less than $20,000 $20,000 and less than $100,000 $100,000 and less than $1,000,000.., $1,000,000 and over Average per establishment . . , Confectionery, 1909 Less than $5,000 $5,000 and less than $20,000 $20,000 and less than $100,000 $100,000 and less than $1,000,000... $1,000,000 and over Per cent of total Less than $5,000 $5,000 and less than $20,000 $20,000 and less than $100,000 $100,000 and less than $1,000,000... 31,000,000 and over Average per establishment . . , Copper, tin, and sheet- Iron products, 1909 Less than $6,000 $5,000 and less than $20,000 •$20,000 and less than $100,000 $100,000 and less than $1,000,000... $1,000,000 and over Per cent of total Less than $5,000 $6,000 and less than $20,000 $20,000 and less than $100,000 $100,000 and less than $1,000,000... $1,000,000 and over Average per estabUshment. . . Flour-mill and gristmill products, 1909 Less than $5,000 $5,000 and less than $20,000 $20,000 and less than $100,000 $100,000 and less than $1,000,000... $1,000,000 and over ;. Per cent of total , Less than $5,000 , $5,000 and less than $20,000 $20,000 and less than $100,000 $100,000 and less than $1,000,000... $1,000,000 and over , Average per estabUslunent . . , Food preparations, 1909.. Less than $5,000 $6,000 and less than $20,000 $20,000 and less than $100,000 $100,000 and less than $1,000,000... $1,000,000 and over Per cent of total Less than $5,000 $5,000 and less than $20,000 $20,000 and less than $100,000 $100,000 and less than $1,000,000... $1,000,000 and over Average per establishment . . . Num- ber of estab- Ush- ments. 74 6 10 16 33 9 100.0 8.1 13.5 21.6 44.6 12.2 2,983 307 1,146 1,013 475 42 100.0 10.3 38.4 34.0 16.9 1.4 3,083 232 816 1,238 781 16 100.0 7.6 26.6 40.2 26.3 0.5 100.0 22.6 30.1 26.9 19.3 1.2 154 297 166 61 8 100.0 22.4 43.3 24.2 983 68 476 364 65 10 100.0 6.9 48.4 37.0 6.6 1.0 177 58 53 41 20 6 100.0 32.8 29.9 23.2 11.3 2.8 Average number of wage earners. 5,746 17 33 204 1,601 3,891 100.0 0.3 0.6 3.6 27.9 67.7 78 Value of products. 91,363 1,077 17,377 29,106 28,609 15, 194 100.0 1.2 19.0 31.9 31.3 16.6 31 98,104 828 8,661 27,858 66,639 4,228 100.0 0.8 8.8 28.4 67.6 4.3 32 8,570 76 383 1,270 5,330 1,511 100.0 0.9 4.5 14.8 62.2 17.6 34 14,689 186 1,344 2,845 5,688 4,626 100.0 L3 9.1 19.4 38.7 31.5 21 2,990 25 440 796 660 1,069 100.0 0.8 14.7 26.6 22.1 35.8 3 3,023 59 149 462 1,342 1,011 100.0 2.0 4.9 15.3 44.4 33.4 17' $36, 346, 072 18,028 126,956 884,568 9,975,004 24,341,526 100.0 0.1 0.4 2.5 28.2 68.9 $477,650 Value added by manu- facture. $266,075,427 844,629 13,519,432 42,774,000 133,760,202 75,177,264 100.0 0.3 6.1 16.1 60.3 28.3 $89,197 $272,517,792 671,083 9,399,448 62,865,088 177,726,446 21,866,727 100.0 0.2 3.4 23.1 65.2 8.0 $88,839 $25,540,394 172, 931 877,328 3, 185, 189 15,472,987 6,831,959 100.0 0.7 3.4 12.6 60.8 22.8 $102,572 $38,452,127 417, 602 3,150,875 6,967,014 16,159,577 11,757,059 100.0 1.1 8.2 18.1 42.0 30.6 $56,063 $69,802,278 227,145 5,850,180 14,293,096 16,651,511 32,780,346 100.0 0.3 8.4 20.5 23.9 47.0 $71,009 $17,324,076 168,022 507,265 2,151,747 6,228,989 8,278,053 100.0 0.9 2.9 12.4 36.0 47.8 $97,876 $15,637,518 14,166 58,531 496,400 4,520,730 10,568,023 100.0 ('> «. 0.4 3.2 28.9 67.6 $211,318 $130,748,784 744,970 11,987,085 28,090,re6 57,572,978 32,352,966 100.0 0.6 9.2 21.5 44.0 24.7 $43,831 $124,376,317 497,531 6,750,553 29,0^2,856 77,997,679 10,046,698 100.0 0.4 5.4 23.4 62.7 8.1 $40,342 $9,896,318 94,401 425,772 1,220,851 5,740,717 2,414,577 100.0 1.0 4.3 12.3 58.0 24.4 $39,744 $17,417,341 274,952 1,884,975 3,804,490 6,808,009 4,644,915 100.0 1.6 10.8 21.8 39.1 26.7 $26,390 $9,331,977 35,402 971,996 2,205,430 1,808,660 4,310,489 100.0 0.4 10.4 23.6 19.4 46.2 $9, 493 $7,663,823 83,396 236,269 806,417 2,317,943 4,219,798 100.0 1.1 3.1 10.5 30.2 55.1 $43,298 ' Loss. 2 Leas than one-tenth of 1 per cent. 75140°— 13- -46 710 SUPPLEMENT FOR NEW YORK. INDUSTRY AND VALUE OF PRODUCTS. Fouudiy and machine- shop products, 1909 Less than $5,000 JS,00Oaud less than $20,000 $20,000 and less than $100,000 $100,000 and less than $1,000,000... $1,000,000 and over , Per cent of total Less than $5,000 $5,000 and less than $20,000 $20,000 and less than $100,000 $100,000 and less than $1,000,000.. $1,000,000 and over Average per establishment . . FoxiUshliLg goods, men's, 1909 Less than $5,000 $6,000 and less than $20,000 $20,000 and less than $100,000. . . . $100,000 and less than $1,000,000.. $1,000,000 and over Per cent of total Less than $5,000 $5,000 and less than $20,000 $20,000 and less than $100,000 $100,000 and less than $1,000,000.. $1,000,000 and over , Average per establishment. . , and Gas, lllnminatlng heating, 1909 Less than $5,000 $5,000 and less than $20,000 $20,000 and less than $100,000 $100,000 and less than $1,000,000.. $1,000,000 and over Per cent of total Less than $5,000 $5,000 and less than $20,000 $20,000 and less than $100,000 $100,000 and less than $1,000,000. $1,000,000 and over Average per establishment . . Hats, fui-felt, 1909 Less than $5,000 $5,000 and less than $20,000 $20,000 and less than $100,000 $100,000 and less than $1,000,000.. $1,000,000 and over Per cent of total Less than $5,000 $5,000 and less than $20,000 $20,000 and less than $100,000 $100,000 and less than $1,000,000. . $1,000,000 and over Average per establishment. . Eosleiy and knit goods, 1909 Less than $5,000 $5,000 and less than $20,000 $20,000 and less than $100,000 $100,000 and less than $1,000,000. . $1,000,000 and over Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. Per cent of total Less than $5,000 $5,000 and less than $20,000 $20,000 and less than $100,000 . . . . $100,000 and less than $1,000,000.. $1,000,000 and over Average per establishment. . Leathei goods, 1909 Less than $5,000 $5,000 and less than $20,000 $20,000 and less than $100,000 $100,000 and less than $1,000,000. . , Per cent of total Less than $5,000 $5,000 and less than $20,000 $20,000 and less than$ 100,000 $100,000 and less than $1,000,000.., Average per establishment. . . Iieather, tanned, cniried, and finished, 1909 Less than 85,000 $5,000 and less than $20,000 $20,000 and 1 ess than $100,000 $100,000 and less than $1,000,000.. $1,000,000 and over Per cent of total Lees than $5,000 $6,000 and less than $20,000 $20,000 and less than $100,000 $100,000 and less than $1,000,000.. $1,000,000 and over Average jtei establishment. . 1,872 368 621 667 306 21 100.0 19.1 33.2 30.3 16.3 1.1 375 47 113 124 87 4 100.0 12.5 30.1 33.1 23.2 1.1 141 47 34 32 20 100.0 33.3 24.1 22.7 14.2 5.7 44 6 11 13 12 3 100.0 11.4 25.0 29.5 27.3 6.8 360 22 56 137 130 15 100.0 6.1 15.6 38.1 36.1 4.2 Average number of wage earners. 483 113 159 156 55 100.0 23.4 32.9 32.3 11.4 109 16 11 29 46 7 100.0 14.7 10.1 26.6 42.2 6.4 64,086 464 3,385 11,828 33, 110 15,279 100.0 0.7 5.3 18.6 51.7 23.8 34 18,186 134 1,020 1,913 7,623 7,496 100.0 0.7 5.6 ie.5 41.9 41.2 48 6,422 22 127 463 1.495 4,325 100.0 0.3 2.0 7.1 23.3 67.3 46 6,013 5 60 232 1,535 3,181 100.0 0.1 1.2 4.6 30.6 63.5 114 36,950 51 444 3,560 19,955 11,940 100.0 0.1 1.2 9.9 56.6 33.2 100 7,686 175 727 2,696 3,988 100.0 2.3 9.6 36.5 62.6 16 25 98 716 2,995 1,864 100.0 0.4 1.7 12.6 52.7 32.6 62 Value of products. $164,370,346 932, 256 6,701,871 26,043,771 81,694,075 38,998,373 100.0 0.6 4.3 16.9 52.9 26.3 $82,463 $42, 197, 117 126,773 1,222,298 6,463,434 23,674,657 11,710,955 100.0 0.3 2.9 12.9 66.1 27.8 $112,626 $42,346,726 77,208 409,437 1,606,910 6,585,366 33,667,805 100.0 0.2 1.0 3.8 15.6 79.5 $300,331 $10,218,660 14, 193 132,659 745,079 3,624,073 5,702,656 100.0 0.1 1.3 7.3 35.5 56.8 $232,242 $67,130,296 63,324 732,389 6,952,288 38,655,565 20,726,730 100.0 0.1 1.1 10.4 57.6 30.9 $186,473 $20, 1, 7, 11, 996,602 324,474 611,050 349,056 712,022 100.0 1.6 7.7 35.0 56.8 $43, 471 $27,642,383 40,429 128,609 1,610,284 13,937,927 12,025,134 100.0 0.1 0.5 6.5 50.4 43. 6 $253,600 Value added by manu- facture. $92,749,146 643,314 4,396,393 16,713,541 46,343,320 25,653,578 100.0 0.7 4.7 16.9 50.0 27.7 $49,546 $20,620,777 91,042 760,712 2,092,590 10,047,966 7,638,467 100.0 0.4 3.6 10.2 48.7 37.1 $54,989 $27,328,320 30,061 264,516 1,080,408 4,940,402 21,012,933 100.0 0.1 1.0 4.0 18.1 76.9 $193,818 $4,812,395 8,308 51,576 313, 103 1,675,366 2,764,042 100.0 0.2 1.1 6.5 34.8 57.4 $109,373 $28,452,925 31,642 367,719 2,845,925 15,810,221 9,397,418 100.0 0.1 1.3 10.0 56.6 33.0 $79,036 $9,364,501 203,609 741, 180 3,397,981 5,021,831 100.0 2.2 7.9 36.3 53.6 $19,388 $6,701,650 34,063 79, 174 715,609 3,402,662 2,470,162 100.0 0.6 1.2 10.7 50.8 36.9 $61,483 INDUSTKT AND VALUE OF PRODUCTS. Liquors, malt, 1909 Less than $6,000 $5,000 and less than $20,000 $20,000 and less than $100,000 $100,000 and less than $1,000,000.. $1,000,000 and over Per cent of total Less than $5,000 $6,000 and less than $20,000 $20,000 and less than $100,000 $100,000 and less than $1,000,000.. $1,000,000 and over Average per establishment. - Iiiimber and timber prod- ucts, 1909 Less than $6,000 $5,000 and less than $20,000 $20,000 and less than $100,000 $100,000 and less than $1,000,000.. $1,000,000 and over Per cent of total Less than $5,000 $5,000 and less than $20,000 $20,000 and less than $100,000 $100,000 and less than $1,000,000. . $1,000,000 and over Average per establishment. . Malt, 1909 $5,000 and less than $20,000 $20,000 and less than $100,000 $100,000 and less than $1,000,000.. $1,000,000 and over Per cent of total $5,000 and less than $20,000 $20,000 and less than $100,000 $100,000 and less than $1,000,000.. $1,000,000 and over Average per establishment. . Harble and stone work, 1909 Less than $5,000 $5,000 and less than $20,000 $20,000 and less than $100,000 $100,000 and less than $1,000,000.. Per cent of total Less than $6,000 $5,000 and less than $20,000 $20,000 and less than $100,000 $100,000 and less than $1 000,000.. Average per establishment. . UilUner? and lace goods, 1909 Less than $5,000 $5,000 and less than $20,000 $20,000 and less than $100,000 $100,000 and less than $1,000,000 «. Per cent of total Less than $5,000 $6,000 and less than $20,000 $20,000 and less than $100,000 $100,000 and less than $1,000,000 «. Average per establishment. . . U n s 1 c a 1 instruments, pianos and organs and materials, 1909 Less than $5,000 $5,000 and less than $20,000 $20,000 and less than $100,000 $100,000 and less than $1,000,000. . $1,000,000 and over ' Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. Per cent of total Less than $5,000 $5,000 and less than $20,000 $20,000 and less than $100,000 $100,000 and less than $1,000,000. . $1,000,000 and over Average per establishment. . . Paint and Tamlsh, 1909. . Less than $5,000 $5,000 and less than $20,000 $20,000 and less than $100,000 $100,000 and less than $1,000,000.. $1,000,000 and over 184 6 7 34 117 20 100.0 3.3 3.8 18.6 63.6 10.9 2,263 1,057 660 379 161 6 100.0 46.7 29.2 16.7 7.1 0.3 32 3 11 16 3 100.0 9.4 34.4 46.9 9.4 655 192 264 156 43 100.0 29.3 40.3 23.8 6.6 931 135 273 373 150 100.0 14.5 29.3 40.1 16.1 Percent of total. Less than $5,000 $5,000 and less than $20,000 $20,000 and less than $100,000. . . $100,000 and less than $1,000,000. $1,000,000 and over Average per establishment. Average number of wage earners. 100.0 8.7 11.4 38.0 39.1 2.7 8,731 11 24 347 6,029 3,320 100.0 0.1 0.3 4.0 67.6 38.0 47 27,471 1,388 3,921 7,342 12,746 2,074 100.0 6.1 14.3 26.7 46.4 7.6 12 524 7 74 263 180 100.0 1.3 14.1 50.2 34.4 16 6,939 304 1,270 2,686 2,679 100.0 4.4 18.3 38.7 38.6 11 21,078 312 2,165 7,916 10,685 100.0 1.6 10.3 37.6 60.7 23 11,938 23 81 1,506 8,125 2,204 100.0 0.2 0.7 12.6 68.1 18.6 65 Value of products. $77,720,045 17,057 74,721 2,000,660 41,469,150 34,168,457 100.0 ^'> 0.1 2.6 63.3 44.0 $422,392 $72,529,813 2, 198, 541 6,786,205 16,863,586 36,806,620 9,876,861 100.0 3.0 9.4 23.3 60.7 13.6 $32,050 $11,051,078 43,076 675,160 5,174,154 5,158,688 100.0 0.4 6.1 46.8 46.7 $345,346 $17,921,285 513,940 2,696,678 6,669,947 8,041,720 100.0 2.9 16.0 37.2 44.9 $27,361 $62,106,200 357,617 3,011,348 17,431,090 31,306,146 100.0 0.7 6.8 33.5 60.1 $55,968 » Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. 3,047 $28,559,474 11 24,945 83 440,618 311 2,203,840 1,670 14,262,147 1,072 11 628,024 100.0 100.0 0.4 0.1 2.7 l.S 10.2 7.7 51.6 49.9 35.2 40.7 21 $194,282 ' Includes the group " $1,000,000 and over." $33, 679, 953 49,408 208,506 3,998,103 21,924,333 7,499,603 1C0.0 0.1 0.6 11.9 65.1 22.3 $183,043 Value added by manu- facture. $58,837,018 10,948 48,499 1,402,361 31,120,908 26,254,302 100.0 ^'> 0.1 2.4 52.9 44.6 $319,766 $30,824,722 1,358,891 4,005,902 8,324,816 16,061,294 2,073,819 100.0 4.4 13.0 27.0 48.9 6.7 $13,621 $2,178,636 13,608 213,483 1,033,521 918,124 100.0 0.6 9.8 47.4 42.1' $68,082 $10,845,761 386,049 1,700,880 4,136,771 4,624,061 100.0 3.6' 15.7 38.1 42.6 $16,658 $24,971,417 266,722 2,001,973 8,859,194 13,843,528 100.0 1.1 8.0 35.5 56.4 $26,822 $16,185,206 36,568 129,444 2,005,906 10,371,782' 3,641,607 100.0 0.2 0.8 12.4 641 22.5 $87,963 $10,664,108 5,947 179,129' 918,911 5,620,038 3,940,083 100.0 0.1 1.7 8.6 52.7 36.9 $72,646. STATISTICS OF MANUFACTURES. 711 INDUSTRY AUD VALUE OF PBODUCTS. Paper and wood pulp, 1909 Less tlian S5,000 $5,000 and less than S20,000 »20,000 and less than $100,000 $100,000 and less than $1,000,000 $1,000,000 and over ' Per cent of total Less than $5,000 $5,000 and less than $20,od6 $20,000 and less than $100,000 $100,000 and less than $1,000,000. $1,000,000 and over Average per establishment. . . Printing and publishing, 1909 :. Less than $5,000 $5,000 and less than $20,000 $20,000 and less than $100,000 $100,000 and less than 81,000,000. . $1,000,000 and over Per cent of total Less than $5,000 $5,000 and less than $20,000 $20,000 and less than $100,000. . . . $100,000 and less than $1,000,000. . $1,000,000 and over Average per establishment. . , Slaughtering and meat packing, 1909 Less than $5,000 $5,000 and less than $20,000 ' $20,000 and less than $100,000 $100,000 and less than $1,000,000. . $1,000,000 and over Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. 10 58 90 11 100.0 5.1 5.6 32.6 50.6 6.2 4,426 1,559 1,572 930 333 32 100.0 35.2 35.5 21.0 7.5 0.7 Per cent of total Less than $5,000 $5,000 and less than $20,000 $20,000 and less than $100,000 $100,000 and less than $1,000,000.. $1,000,000 and over 1 Average per establishment. . . 238 20 53 67 74 24 100.0 8.4 22.3 28.2 31.1 10.1 Average number of wage earners. 12, 073 17 85 1,136 7,400 3,435 100. 0.1 0.7 9.4 61.3 28.5 63,120 1,881 7,063 14, 132 25,931 14,113 100.0 3.0 11.2 22.4 41.1 22.4 14 Value of products. $48, 859, 610 28,036 134,463 3,255,305 28,781,627 16,660,279 100.0 0.1 0.3 6.7 58.9 34.1 $274,492 6,110 12 86 295 1,259 4,458 lOO.O 0.2 1.4 4.8 20.6 73.0 26 $216,946,482 4,074,169 15,846,601 40,601,847 90,743,703 65,681,162 100.0 1.9 7.3 18.7 41.8 30.3 $49,016 $127,130,051 43,462 626,413 3,086,392 25,260,030 98,123,754 100.0 0.6 2.4 19.9 77.2 $534, 160 Value added by manu- facture. $17,092,327 13,678 63,779 1,350,946 10,160,693 5,503,431 100.0 0.1 0.4 7.9 59.4 32.2 $96,024 $160,452,222 3,176,631 12,497,6*2 30,284,693 66,924,150 47,569,166 100.0 2.0 7.8 18.9 41.7 29.6 $36,252 $16,961,817 17,070 161,251 651,420 3, 143, 123 12,988,963 100.0 0.1 1.0 3.8 18.6 76.6 $71,268 INDUSTRY AND VALUE OF PRODUCTS. Soap, 1909 Less than $5,000 $5,000 and less than $20,000 $20,000 and less than $100,000 $100,000 and less than $1,000,0^0. $1,000,000 and over Per cent of total Less than $5,000 $5,000 and less than $20,000 $20,000 and less than $100,000 $100,000 and less than $1,000,000. . $1,000,000 and over Average per establishment. . . Tobacco manufactures, 1909 Less than $5,000 $5,000 and less than $20,000 $20,000 and less than $100,000 $100,000 and less than $1,000,000.. $1,000,000 and over Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. 67 18 15 18 10 6 100.0 26.9 22.4 26.9 14.9 9.0 Per cent of total Less than $5,000 $5,000 and less than $20,000 $20,000 and less than $100,000 $100,000 and less than $1,000,000. . $1,000,000 and over Average per establishment. . . Woolen, worsted, and felt goods, and wool hats, 1909 Less than $5,000 $5,000 and less than $20,000 $20,000 and less than $100,000 $100,000 and less than $1,000,000. . . $1,000,000 and over Per cent of total Less than $5,000 $6,000 and less than $20,000 $20,000 and less than $100,000 $100,000 and less than $1,000,000. . $1,000,000 and over Average per establishment. . . 3,371 2,468 596 208 88 11 100.0 73.2 17.7 6.2 2.6 0.3 64 10 3 16 30 5 100.0 16.6 4.7 25.0 46.9 7.8 Average number of wage earners. 2,976 16 44 179 621 2,216 100.0 0.6 1.6 6.0 17.5 74.5 44 Value of products. 30, 019 1,862 2,854 4,406 11,795 9,103 100.0 6.2 9.5 14.7 39.3 30.3 89 9,460 11 38 415 4,666 4,331 100.0 0.1 0.4 4.4 49.3 46.8 148 $23,582,977 49,280 174,857 1,064,936 4,303,269 17,990,645 100.0 0.2 0.7 4.5 18.2 76.3 $351,985 $76, 661, 652 4, 723, 167 6,408,991 8,392,863 25,424,602 32,712,029 100.0 6.2 7.1 10.9 33.2 42.7 $22,741 $23,739,421 19,664 36,739 732,866 12,654,411 10,296,741 100.0 0.1 0.2 3.1 53.3 43.4 $370,928 Value added by manu- facture. $7,970,596 25,763 78,843 390, 679 1,362,516 6, 112, 794 100.0 0.3 1.0 4.9 17.1 76.7 $118,964 $15,320,146 3,016,897 3,367,618 6,068,237 14,579,257 19,289,137 100.0 6.7 7.4 11.2 32.2 42.6 $13,444 $8,995,393 10,061 18,058 327,360 4,768,879 3,871,035 100.0 0.1 0.2 3.6 63.0 43.0 $140,653 1 Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. This table shows that in 1909 of the 44,935 estab- lishments only 470, or 1 per cent, had a value of products exceeding $1,000,000. These establishments, however, employed an average of 255,383 wage earn- ers, or 25.4 per cent of the total number in all estab- lishments, and reported 37 per cent of the total value of products and 31 per cent of the total value added by maifufacture. On the other hand, the very small establishments — that is, those having a value of products of less than $5,000 — constituted a considerable proportion (27.3 per cent) of the total number of establishments, but the value of their products amounted to only nine- tenths of 1 per cent of the total. The great bulk of the manufacturing was done ia establishments having products valued at $100,000 or over. It will be seen from the above table that duriog the five years from 1904 to 1909 there was a considerable increase in the relative importance, as measured by value of products, of the largest establishments — those reporting products valued at $1,000,000 or oyer — and a slight decrease in that of aU other classes. The fact that the average value of products per establishment increased from $66,902 to $74,986, and the average value added by manufacture from $30,- 643 to $33,662, can not be taken as in itself indicating a tendency toward concentration. These increased values may be, and probably are, due in part to the increase that has taken place in the prices of com- modities. The average number of wage earners per establishment decreased from 23 to 22. This table shows further that when the size of the establishments is measured by the average value of products per estabhshment, the chemical, brewery, and slaughtering and meat-packing industries were con- ducted in comparatively large establishments, wlule the carriage and wagon, marble and stone work, to- bacco manufactures, and lumber industries were con- ducted in rather small establishments. Of the industries shown separately, slaughtering and meat packing had the largest establishments, with an average value of products amounting to $534,160, and the carriage and wagon industry the smallest, with products valued on the average at $21,791 per estab- hshment. In some respects, and especially from the standpoint of conditions under which persons engaged in manufac- tures work, the best classification of establishments to briug out the feature of size is a classification according to the number of wage earners employed. The table on the following page shows, for 1909, such a classifica- tion for all industries combined and for 58 important industries individually, and gives not only the number of establishments in each group, but also the average number of wage earners employed. 712 SUPPLEMENT FOR NEW YORK. Total. ESTABLISHMEKTS EMPLOYING- No wage earners. ItoS wage earners. 6to20 wage earners. 21 to 60 wage earners. 51 to 100 wage earners. 101 to 250 wage earners. 251 to 600 wage earners. 501 to 1,000 wage earners. Over 1,000 wage earners. AU Indnstiles. Agricultural Implements Artificial flowers and feathers and plumes Automobiles, Including bodies and/parts Boots and sboes, induding cut stock and findings . Boxes, fancy and paper Brass and bronze products Bread and other bakery products Butter, cheese, and coudTenfled milk. Canninig and preserving Carpets and rugs, other than rag Carriages and wagons and materials Cars and general shop construction and repairs by steam-railroad com- panies. Chemicals Clothing, men's, including shirts. Clothing, women's Coffee and spice, roasting and grinding Conlectionery Copper, tin, and sheet-iron products Cordage and twine and j ute and linen goods Cotton goods, including cotton small wares Electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies. Flour-mill and gristmill products Food preparations Foundry and machine-shop products Fur goods Furnishing goods, men's Furniture and refrigerators Gas and electric fixtures and lamps and reflectors. . Gas, Illuminating and heating Gloves and mittens, leather Hats, fur-felt Hosiery and knit goods Iron and steel, blast furnaces Iron and steel, steel works and rolling mills. Jewelry Leather goods Leather, tanned, curried, and finished. Liquors, malt Lumber and timber products Malt Marble aad stone work Millinery and lace goods Musical instruments, pianos and organs and materials. Oil, linseed Paint and varnish Paper and wood pulp Paper goods, not elsewhere specified Patent medicines and compounds and druggists' preparations . Photographic apparatus and materials Printing and publishing Shipbuilding, including boat building Silk and silk goods, including throwsters. Slaughtering and meat packing Soap Tobacco manufactures Typewriters and supplies Wire Woolen, worsted, and felt goods, and wool hats . All other Industries AUIndastiles. Agricultural implements Artificial flowers and feathers and plumes Automobiles, including bodies and parts Boots and shoes, including cut stock and findings. Boxes, fancy and paper ^ Brass and bronze products Bread and other bakery products Butter, cheese, and condensed milk Canning and preserving Carpets and rugs, other than rag Carriages and wagons and materials Cars and general shop construction and repairs by steam-ralhoad com- panies Chemicals Clothing, men's, including shirts Clothing, women's 44,935 67 319 113 296 316 247 •3,978 1,552 790 16 610 74 2,983 3,083 90 249 686 16 47 217 983 177 1,872 863 375 676 183 141 225 44 360 9 25 479 483 109 184 2,263 32 655 931 184 6 147 178 107 743 42 4,426 255 170 238 67 3,371 43 7 64 8,011 1,003,981 6,717 8,493 9,861 21,627 11,538 6,651 21,357 2,866 7,075 11,898 6,116 16,454 5,746 91,363 98,104 NUMBER OF ESTABLISHMENTS. 1,667 2 7 2 10 1 12 291 234 55 4 156 16 81 53 19 14 3 27 17 4 7 20,799 22 72 27 94 42 110 2,991 1,249 679 349 3 22 640 494 36 103 364 3 2 86 762 105 701 428 125 237 64 66 78 13 44 10,524 9 115 29 72 115 77 596 42 129 4 154 12 17 1,140 1,146 35 61 20 4 2 105 3 156 2 1,261 37 3 15 8 1,09S 5 625 2 228 219 21 15 1,361 10 244 32 78 11 36 423 16 1,771 121 19 129 28 1,794 18 1 7 3,932 125 194 62 27 107 1 137 144 23 47 506 16 145 364 51 1 31 44 32 109 10 61 38 49 15 294 12 1 9 1,985 6,057 13 87 24 39 94 20 69 21 47 1 10 15 755 72 55 120 35 12 23 57 3 45 70 28 67 177 2 197 40 1 19 52 14 37 11 830 2,050 4 23 13 29 5 17 4 18 13 8 216 324 1 16 29 1 8 8 138 13 21 70 13 6 23 4 44 3 4 12 21 18 35 16 65 27 2 9 38 9 13 3 111 13 32 9 1 36 2 1 9 325 1,253 1 14 10 30 22 11 10 1 8 1 7 92 154 2 17 15 6 9 15 1 7 384 6 5 33 2 2 12 211 AVERAGE NTJMBEB OF WAGE EAKNEES. 143 3 48,402 53 218 75 260 136 304 7,669 1,366 1,112 913 12 74 1,733 1,689 121,330 162,696 125 1,390 380 865 1,460 910 6,285 402 1,368 46 1,612 170 222 14,679 14,707 486 2,829 773 1,313 2,969 582 1,818 673 1,580 47 819 400 546 24,132 28,779 145,116 321 1,698 934 2,194 2,692 789 1,876 321 1,306 324 1,288 985 537 14;880' 22,099 189, 485 132, 046 150 2,027 1,672 4,890 3,230 1,691 1,539 104 1,183 225 1,116 1,714 1,490 13, 822 22, 135 331 984 3,790 313 1,391 1,541 718 368 3,007 690 11,624 7,688 98,443 2,130 1,520 7,166 738 984 526 654 8,215 714 8,407 1,107 58 1 106,463 1,765 3,523 1,159 1,629 '9;984 1,951 1,473 2,086 STATISTICS OF MANUFACTURES. 713 nrocsTET. Total. ESTABLISHMENTS EMPLOYING — No wage earners. 1 to5 wage 6to20 wage 21 to 50 wage earners. 51 to 100 wage earners. 101 to 250 wage earners. 251 to 500 wage earners. 501 to 1,000 wage earners. Over 1,000 wage earners. AVERAGE NUMBER OF WAGE EAENEK3— Continued. Coffee and spice, roasting and grinding. . Confectionery Copper, tin, and sheet-iron products! '.' Cordage and twine and jute and linen goods . . . Cotton goods, including cotton small wares Electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies Flour-mill and gristmill products Food preparations ; [".' Foundry and machine^op products Fur goods Furnishing goods, men's Furniture and refrigerators Gas and electric fixtures and lamps and reflectors Gas, illuminating and heating Gloves and mittens, leather Hats, fur-felt Hosiery and knit goods Iron and steel, blast furnaces Iron and steel, steel works and rolling mills Jewelry Leather goods ! Leather, tanned , curried, and finished Liquors, malt Liunber and timber products Malt ■ Marble and stone work MiUinery and lace goods Musical Instruments, pianos and organs and materials Oil , linseed Paint and varnish Paper and wood pulp Paper goods, not elsewhere specified Patent medicines and compounds and druggists' preparations Photograptiic apparatus and materials Printing and publishing Shipbuilding, including boat building Silk and silk goods, including throwsters Slaughtering and meat packing Soap Tobacco manufactures Typewriters and supplies Wire Woolen, worsted, and felt goods, and wool hats All other industries All industries Agricultural implements Artificial fiowers and feathers and plumes Automobiles, including bodies and parts Boots and shoes, including cut stock and flndmgs Boxes, fancy and paper Brass and bronze products Bread and other bakery products Butter, cheese, and condensed milk Caiming and preserving Carpets and rugs, other than rag Carriages and wagons and materials .■■■■■ Cars md generalshop construction and repau-s by steam-raihoad com- panies Chemicals •.• -:■: Clothing, men's, mcludmg sMrts Clothing, women's Coffee and spice, roasting and grinding Confectionery - - - ■ ■ ■ Copper, tin, and sheet-u'on products Cordage and twine and jute and Im^ goods Cotton goods, including cotton small wares Electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies Flour-mill and gristmill products Food preparations - - - Founary and machine-shop products Fur goods Furnishing goods, men's Furniture and refrigerators yh" ;;.;; Gas and electric fixtures and lamps and reflectors Gas, illuminating and heating Gloves and mitt&s, leather 1,519 8,570 14,689 5,952 10,663 18,972 2,990 3,023 64,066 8,244 18,186 20,281 6,017 6,422 6,287 6,013 36,950 2,298 10,091 6,379 7,586 5,688 8,731 27,471 524 6,939 21,078 11,938 566 3,047 12,073 4,303 4,728 4,088 63,120 5,644 12,903 6,110 2,976 30,019 4,538 1,439 9,460 169,534 76 236 940 6 7 224 1,255 228 1,875 1,291 345 651 176 150 208 37 133 386 722 1,976 179 1,225 1,718 66 269 848 399 293 8,766 2,250 1,845 3,930 1,118 383 726 257 1,912 65 1,107 2,018 80 621 1,147 190 664 9,699 806 1,656 4,990 934 313 1,656 279 3,298 281 291 839 1,520 1,338 2,452 4,813 237 1,148 4,612 1,981 146 649 2,808 608 909 223 8,089 934 2,255 607 69 2,554 154 60 711 23,172 316 2,691 2,212 744 1,232 2,327 194 1,149 13,187 894 2,767 4,700 2,496 1,145 1,486 507 1,143 1,910 827 1,135 638 504 1,446 2,494 840 1,695 457 1,421 3,389 109 677 448 340 6,278 3,004 1,452 2,264 639 285 841 109 1,409 6,695 12,664 349 10,988 7,973 6,310 1,998 3,746 654 1,367 1,370 1,621 8,167 1,149 2,219 631 601 1,230 1,106 2,062 2,663 5,560 2,779 627 6,451 520 1,573 2,283 10,326 348 588 299 1,027 1,953 2,165 6,330 4,264 6 571 529 51 47 2,696 37 931 780 71 12 1,636 1,718 306 620 6,613 203 1,631 4,373 655 7 319 687 401 1,238 130 9,574 724 482 548 156 3,021 155 18 116 22,627 118 1,503 2,191 810 2,341 5,583 47 2,261 6,379 1,343 35 625 1,709 445 1,172 276 9,231 600 1,190 770 192 2,894 123 6,286 1,374 968 4,209 3,655 103 1,259 3,884 1,344 547 228 10,884 348 4,170 808 777 4,984 272 387 2,067 32,027 725 ?,363 275 1,870 195 28 116 862 47 4,638 264 61 310 70 3,236 64 1 21 9,419 2,656 1,389 501 3,184 4,911 1,642 8,543 584 3,703 1,361 610 4,133 323 409 2,290 23,559 7,250 648 1,042 1,706 1,102 5,120 4,077 512 664 2,260 18,317 2,935 344 26,696 1,661 13,818 PES CENT or AVEBJ IGE NDM] 5EB OF W AGE EARNERS. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 lOO.O 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 1.8 0.9 2.6 0.8 1.2 1.2 4.6 35.9 47.7 15.7 12.1 2.2 16.4 3.9 4.0 12.7. 13.7 24.7 14.0 19.3 0.4 26.4 1.0 3.9 16.1 15.0 25.4 8.4 13.5 16.2 8.5 33.3 7.8 6.1 25.7 8.8 8.5 23.5 22.3 0.4 13.4 2.4 9.5 26.4 29.3 11.8 14.3 11.7 1.1 2.5 4.5 13.3 9.7 13.7 27.3 10.1 19.4 18.6 6.0 11.5 14.5 5.6 20.0 9.5 10.1 23.3 11.9 8.8 11.2 18.5 2.7 21.1 6.0 9.3 16.3 22.5 3.6 12.9 13.7 1.3 5.8 6.0 6.4 22.0 15.1 9.8 8.6 24.6 15.5 4.9 26.3 18.9 2.6 23-9 17.0 22.6 28.0 25.4 7.2 3.6 16.7 1.9 18.2 10.4 25.9 15.1 22.6 20.8 31.4 15.1 12.5 11.6 12.3 6.5 38.0 20.6 10.8 15.2 23.2 41.6 17.8 23.6 13.3 12.0 3.9 10.0 17.5 2.7 20.9 7.2 9.8 37.3 10 6 30.9 15.4 33.1 6.4 14.8 35 7 6.4 7.6 7.4 4.7 6.0 6.0 18.3 12.0 12.7 7.8 83.9 14.9 0.1 1.3 1.9 1.6 5.0 2.8 6.4 0.1 0.1 1.2 42.0 7.5 2.9 15.7 1.9 3.2 2.9 2.3 3.3 49.9 12.4 9.2 1.1 33.4 13.3 13.0 13.9 10.6 3.4 16.9 11 9 25 6 2.3 16.9 17.0 14.1 15.9 2.4 1.0 3.6 16.0 11.2 9.8 36.4 8.0 11.2 10.6 4.4 13.4 52.5 11.5 17.2 12.4 8 3 11.0 18.5 10.9 21.3 21.8 14.6 30 6 43 3 714 SUPPLEMENT FOR NEW YORK. Total. ESTABUSHMENTa EMPLOYING— INDUSTRY. No wage earners. lto5 wage earners. 6 to 20 wage earners. 21 to SO wage earners. 51 to 100 wage earners. 101 to 250 wage earners. 251 to 500 wage earners. 501 to 1,000 wage earners. Over 1,000 wage earners. PEK CENT OF AVERAGE KtTMBEB OP WAGE EABNEBS— continued. Hats, fur-felt . 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 ■ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100. 100.0 100.0 0.7 0.4 2.2 3.9 5.1 5.3 5.6 9.2 12.2 2.9 15.6 20.0 23.5 28.1 17.5 45.2 16.5 21.9 16.6 25.8 21.3 23.3 14.1 19.2 5.5 12.8 16.5 17.5 9.9 2.3 8.6 3.4 4.2 7.5 13.7 30.3 22.7 50.0 22.0 11.7 7.9 21.6 12.7 7.5 10.5 17.9 22.6 15.6 45^5 28.7 15.1 5.8 5.6 13.5 34.3 24.8 19.4 11.8 7.0 0.9 O.S 9.8 7.1 13.4 u 0.1 28.6 22.6 6.4 7.1 20.4 38.7 23.5 20.7 5.5 1.2 10.5 4.9 9.3 26.2 3.2 15.2 12.8 3.7 9.0 5.2 10.1 3.4 1.2 1.2 13.3 1.2 27.9 28.9 14.2 26.8 20.3 9.0 32.6 30.3 11.2 6.2 20.5 14.2 10.3 24.8 6.8 14.8 10.6 9.2 12.6 6.5 9.6 2.7 62.4 5.0 Malt 14.0 20.0 30.6 18.2 41.3 32.2 31.2 11.6 5.6 17.2 6.2 32.3 13.2 26.1 16.6 6.0 26.9 21.8 18.9 3.4 19.8 48.6 15.7 6.4 0.2 2.7 18.2 1.1 7.3 4.7 0.5 5.1 2.4 10.8 1.4 0.1 0.2 5.6 ^ 21.2 32.3 4.1 77.9 ■Printine and Dublishiiis . 13.5 10.3 28.7 22.3 20.5 13.8 7.1 28.4 24.2 13.9 11.5 9.7 8.1 27.9 7.8 RhinhuilfliTif inHiKiiTiP' hofvt hnildiif 29.1 37.0 13.6 11.3 39.2 23.9 10.8 17.1 647 3.6 15.7 17.5 8.2 1 Less than one-tenth of 1 i)er cent. Of the 44,935 establishments reported for all industries, 10.4 per cent employed no wage earners: 46.2 per cent, from 1 to 5; 23.4 per cent, 6 to 20; and 11.3 per cent, 21 to 50. The most numerous single group consists of the 20,799 establishments employing from 1 to 5 wage earners, and the next of the 10,524 establishments employing from 6 to 20 wage earners. There were 585 establishments that employed over 250 wage earners ; 58 of these employed over 1,000, of which 4 each were engaged in the foun- dry and machine-shop and printing and publishing industries, and tobacco manufactures, and 3 each in the automobile, carpet and rug, cotton-goods, hosiery and knit-goods, and steel works and rolling-mill industries. Of the total number of wage earners, 33.6 per cent were in establishments employing over 250 wage earners. The single group having the largest number of wage earners was the group comprising the estab- lishments employing from 101 to 250. This group employed 189,485 wage earners, or 18.9 per cent of the total number. In 21 of the 58 industries listed separately in the table, establishments employing more than 250 wage earners reported more than one-half of the total number employed in each industry. In 11 of these industries, establishments employing over 500 wage earners reported more than one-half of the total number, while in 7, establishments employing over 1,000 wage earners reported more than one-half of the total. The highest proportion (83.9 per cent) of wage earners employed by estabHshments reporting an average of more than 1,000 was in the manufacture of carpets and rugs. Expenses. — ^As stated in the Introduction, the cen- sus does not purport to furnish figures that can be used for determining the cost of manufacture and profits. Facts of interest can, however, be brought out concerning the relative importance of the diflFerent classes of expense which make up the total. The first table on the following page shows, in percentages, for 1909, the distribution of expenses among the classes indicated, for aU industries combined and for certain important industries separately. The figures on which the percentages are based appear in Table II, page 766. This table shows that, for all industries combined, 62.2 per cent of the total expenses were incurred for materials, 24.9 per cent for services — that is, salaries and wages — and 12.9 per cent for other purposes. As would be expected, these proportions vary greatly in the different industries. The largest proportions shown for the various classes of expenses in the industries presented separately are as follows: For salaries, 17.7 per cent, in printing and publishing; for wages, 45.1 per cent, in the steam-railroad repair shops ; for ma- terials, 92.6 per cent, in the flour mills and gristmills; and for miscellaneous expenses (which in this case include internal-revenue taxes), 50.4 per cent, in the breweries. STATISTICS OF MANUFACTURES. 715 INDUSTRY. All Industilfs Agricultural implements Artificial flowers and feathers and plumes Automobiles, including bodies andparts Boots and slioes. Including cut stock and findings Boxes, Jancy and paper Brass and bronze products ,. Bread and other bakery products Butter, cheese, and condensed milk -Canning and preserving ■Carpets and rugs, other than rag ]]\.[]\.[.[ Carriages and wagons and materials 'Cars and general shop construction and repairs by steam-railroad companies ■Chemicals •Clothing, men's, including shirts Clothing, women's ■Coffee and spice, roasting and grinding Confectionery Copper, tin, and sheet-iron products Cordage and twine and j ute and linen goods •Cotton goods, including cotton small wares Electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies. . Flour-mill and gristmill products food preparations Foundry and machine-shop products Fiu- goods Furnishing goods, men's Furniture and refrigerators -Gas and electric fixtures and lamps and reflectors •Gas, illuminating and heating Gloves and mittens, leather PEK CENT OF rOTAL EXPENSES REPORTED. Miscel- Sala- ries. Wages. Ma- terials. laneous ex- penses. 6.2 18.7 62.2 12.9 8.3 26.7 52.3 12.8 5.6 19.0 67.4 8.0 5.9 25.6 54.5 14.0 5.0 23.8 64.5 6.7 7.3 33.9 48.6 10.2 5.2 19.9 66.3 8.6 3.6 18.4 69.8 8.2 1.3 4.1 91.9 2.8 5.4 15.1 69.0 10.5 3.2 27.1 61.4 8.3 6.4 32.9 51.1 9.5 5.7 45.1 46.4 2.8 5.9 12.3 71.7 10.1 4.5 20.0 56.2 19.3 5.6 22.7 61.3 10 4 5.4 4.8 83.1 6.8 6.8 13.3 67.6 12.3 6.0 24.3 60.9 8.9 3.3 18.9 66.3 11.5 3.2 22.7 64.0 10.1 9.3 25.6 56.3 8.9 1.6 2.6 92.6 3.4 8.1 8.8 63.6 19.6 9.9 30.4 46.1 13.6 5.0 16.3 69.1 9.6 7.0 21.2 59.1 12.6 7.5 31.0 51.0 10.5 11.8 28.9 45.2 14.1 10.4 15.2 52.4 22.0 4.8 22.1 62.4 10.7 INDT73TEY. Hats, fur-felt Hosiery and knit goods Iron and steel, blast furnaces Iron and steel, steel works and rolling niills . Jewelry Leather goods Leather, tanned, curried, and finished Liquors, malt Lumber and timber products Malt- Marble and stone work Millinery and lace goods Musical instruments, pianos and organs and ma- terials Oil^ linseed Paint and varnish Paper and wood pulp Paper goods, not elsewhere specified Patent medicines and compounds and druggists' preparations Photographic apparatus and materials Printing and publishing Shipbuilding, including boat building Silk and silk goods, including throwsters Slaughtering and meat packmg Soap. PEE CENT OF TOTAL EXPENSES REPORTED. Sala- ries. Tobacco manufactures Typewriters and supplies wfie Woolen, worsted, and felt goods, and wool hats. . All other industries 4.1 3.4 1.7 3.7 7.0 6.7 2.7 8.0 4.3 2.1 6.5 7.2 6.1 3.4 9.0 3.4 9.7 14.3 10.0 17.7 5.6 6.3 1.4 4.1 4.9 11.3 2.3 3.8 5.4 28.3 24.8 7.4 18.2 22.6 21.7 11.3 11.6 23.2 4.0 36.6 21.6 25.4 2.4 7.3 15.4 16.9 7.7 22.3 23.1 38.6 22.6 3.6 7.1 20.8 42.6 8.1 19.4 15.2 Ma- terials. 66.2 64 7 88.0 74,7 61.4 61.8 81.1 30.0 64.1 88.3 45.9 60.8 57.2 90.0 69.9 72.6 61.3 43.8 45.5 30.0 40.3 58.5 91.1 77.6 47.6 26.5 83.9 69.0 69.6 Miscel- laneous 11.4 7.0 2.9 3.3 9.2 9.8 4.9 50.4 8.3 6.6 10.9 10.4 11.3 4.3 13.8 8.7 13.1 34.2 22.2 29.2 16.3 12.7 3.9 11.3 26.7 19.7 5.6 7.8 9.7 Engines and power. — The following table shows, for all industries combined, the number of engines or other motors, according to their character, employed in generating power (including electric motors operated by purchased current), and their total horsepower at the censuses of 1909, 1904, and 1899. It also shows separately in the lower part of the table the number and horsepower of electric motors, including those operated by current generated in the manufacturing establishments. POWEB. NUMBER OF ENGINES OK MOTORS. HORSEPOWER. PER CENT DISTRIBUTION OF HORSEPOWER. 1909 1901 18991 1909 1904 1899' 1909 1904 1899 67,137 19,032 19,699 1,997,662 1,516,592 1,099,931 100.0 100.0 100.0 21,239 19,032 19,699 1,679,977 1,345,697 1,017,392 79.1 88.7 92.5 12,638 4,656 3,789 256 12,215 2,928 3,629 260 13,346 1,944 4,409 1,080,877 99,899 394,221 1,397 3,583 417,685 850,497 44,288 445,197 937 4,778 170,895 659,702 16,221 335,411 m 6,058 82,539 54.1 5.0 19.7 0.1 0.2 20.9 68.1 2.9 29.4 0.1 0.3 11.3 60.0 (jas ^ 1.5 30.5 (.') Other 0.6 45,898 P) P) 7.5 45,898 m P) 389,945 27,740 95,284 75,611 47,768 34,771 19.5 1.4 6.3 5.0 4.3 other 3.2 66,979 8,422 2,323 689,976 222,111 77,698 100.0 100.0 100.0 21,081 45,898 8,422 2,323 P) 300,031 389,945 126,827 95,284 29.830 47, 768 43.5 56.5 57.1 42.9 61.6 L Includes the neighborhood industries and hand trades, omitted in 1904 and 1909. 2 Not reported. This table indicates that the total primary power increased 481,070 horsepower, or 31.7 per cent, from 1904 to 1909, and 416,661 horsepower, or 37.9 per cent, from 1899 to 1904. The greater part of the increase for the more recent period was ia steam and rented electric power. In 1909, as in 1904 and 1899, steam power formed the major part of the primary power, but not- withstanding an increase of 421,175 horsepower during the decade the proportion which such power formed of the total primary power decreased from 60 per cent in 1899 to 56.1 per cent in 1904 and 54.1 per cent in 1909. The more general use of gas engines in recent years is shown by the fact that 4,656 such engiaes, with an indicated capacity of 99,899 horsepower, were reported in 1909, as against 2,928 engines, with 44,288 horse- power, in 1904 and 1,944 engines, with 16,221 horse- power, in 1899. The figures also show that the practice of renting electric power is increasing rapidly, the horsepower having increased from 95,284 in 1904 to 389,955 in 1909, and 19.5 per cent of the total primary 716 SUPPLEMENT FOR NEW YORK. power having been of this character in 1909, as compared with 6.3 per cent in 1904 and 4.3 per cent in 1899. This condition was due in great measure to the utilization of the electrical energy developed at Niagara Falls, by the establishments located within the considerable area for which this current is made available by transmission. The use of electric motors for the purpose of applying the power generated within the establishments is shown also to be rapidly becoming more common, the horse- power of such motors having increased from 29,830 in 1899 to 126,827 in 1904 and 300,031 in 1909, Fuel. — Closely related to the question of kind of power employed is that of the fuel consumed in gener- ating this power or otherwise used as material in the manufacturing processes. The following table shows the quantity of each kind of fuel used in 1909 for all industries combined and for certain selected industries: Anthracite coal (tons). Bituminous coal (tons). Coke (tons). Wood (cords). GO, including gasoline (barrels). Gas (1,000 teet). All industries. Agricultural implements Artificial flowers and feathers and plumes Automobiles, including bodies and parts Boots and shoes , inclu ding cut stock and findings . Boxes, fancy and paper Brass and bronze products Bread and other bakery products . . . Butter, cheese, and condensed milk. Caiming and preserving Carpets and rugs, other than rag Carriages and wagons and materials Cars and general shop construction and repairs by steam-raUroad companies.. Chemicals Clothing, men's, including shirts Clothing, women's Coffee and spice, roasting and grinding Confectionery Copper, tin, and sheet-iron products Cordage and twine and j ute and linen goods Cotton goods, including cotton small wares Electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies.. Flour-mill and gristmin products Food preparations Foundry and machine-shop products Fur goods Furnishing goods, men's Furniture and refrigerators Gas and electric fixtures and lamps and reflectors. Gas, illuminating and heating Gloves and mittens, leather Hats, fur-felt Hosiery and knit goods Iron and steel, blast furnaces Iron and steel, steel works and rolling mills Jewelry Leather goods Leather, taimed, curried, and finished. Liquors, malt Lumber and timber products Malt Marble and stone work Millinery and lace goods Musical instruments, pianos and organs and materials. Oil, linseed Faint and varnish Paper and wood pulp » Paper goods, not elsewhere specified Patent medicines and compounds and druggists' preparations .' Photographic apparatus and materials Printing and publishing Shipbuilding, including boat building Silk and silk goods, including throwsters. Slaughtering and meat packing Soap Tobacco manufactures Typewriters and supplies Wire Woolen, worsted, and felt goods, and wool hats. All other industries 1,021,671 5,651 1,294 5,046 22,552 7,065 24,198 151,844 23,216 26,979 8,409 5,705 89,602 366,505 29,108 14, 120 32,307 40,063 21,497 26,748 39,624 44,898 7,515 13,600 137,241 1,607 9,118 22,462 6,942 485,900 1,382 4,465 36,435 1,317 9,106 288 2,442 25,327 227,666 26,829 35,678 24,461 4,562 23,062 4,000 37,408 173,387 21,534 20,072 2,-268 75,871 6,247 16,140 71,124 22,441 11,818 6,091 18,356 30,972 1,410,108 7,687,039 58,963 33 33,557 13,103 6,188 34,580 10,378; 99,204. 34,934 100,693 28, lie 183,584 105,056 6,546 1,886 7,491 9,728 40,518 32,532 85,025 139,883 93,485 25,130 252,022 952 6,064 73,829 4,782 832,970 3,474 7,790 139,576 74,586 769,404 250 3,201 78,802 229, 195 82,268 12,931 20,511 340 26, 120 20,684 23,408 872,378 2,508 5,266 39,212 20,814 30,881 20,357 83,556 83,609 2,754 10,066 23,880 99,821 2,579,181 2, 644, 148 10,748 98 5,207 6,307 30,983 59 727 301 176 3,514 799 3 1 1,199 3,345 6,303 60 152 168,607 13 5,300 864 119,602 265 2,155,893 32,678 31 614 1,526 176 738 13 1,338 4,518 40 797 244 100 3,601 152 80 31 575 7,059 70,283 SOS, 593 1,395 11 2 S2 39 1,063 11,281 33,808 1,123 120 54 383 28 3,996,260 43,191 19 228 4,590 135 162 13,915 194 1,236 2,134 16 2,087 25,222 6,872 350 407 40 67,256 13 36 1,370 9,731 1,396 17 120 127 15 946 6,015 59 35 5,551 43 34.605 7; 372 106 39,487 4 1,794 233 302 3,430,773 112 39 71,464 6 2,391 248 92 2,998 1 1,192 4 19 2,775 1 106 629 272 6 1,328 24 136 2 50 163 223,936 331 176 65 18 1 1,840 1,626 114 566 65 2,880 4,891 18 231,403 6,129,045 27,910 12,841 70,739 23,062 80,327 34,196 298,684 13,266 21,383 146 22,511 1,«10 229,978 380,362 271,092 13,968 30,684 78, 198 377 3,963 80,966 630,395 29,951 224,142 10,763 27,695 31,404 26,106 8,983 5,525 18,373 831,417 26,308 22,486 10,430 73,001 41,268 25,895 49,098 4,673 8,634 5,576 16,825 7,382 235,216 3,782 36,591 13,473 2,049 25,766 12,068 954,898 Note.— In addition, there were 7,165 tons of other varieties of fuel reported. STATISTICS OF MANUFACTURES. 717 SUPPLEMENTARY DATA REGARDING IMPORTANT INDUSTRIES. (With statistics for laundries and custom sawmills and gilstmills.) For certain industries the Census Bureau collects, by means of special schedules, details regarding the quantity and cost of materials and the quantity and value of products and other information for securing which no provision is made on the general schedule. Certain data of this character for 28 important industries in New York are here presented. Printing and publishing. — Though the printing and publishing industry in New York as a whole shows considerable growth during the last five years when measured by the financial statistics, the growth in the newspaper and periodical branch has been slight, neither the number of publications nor the aggregate circulation showing any considerable increase. The following table shows the number of the different classes of newspapers and periodicals published in the state in 1909, 1904, and 1899, together with the aggre- gate circulation per issue for each class : p:e:iuOD or issin:. Total DailT Sunday Semiweekly and tri' weekly WeekK Montluy Quarterly All other classes . . . NTIMBEE OP PCBUCATIONS. 1909 1904 1899 1,963 231 48 56 97S 521 54 68 1,933 217 44 63 981 521 63 54 1,626 207 49 60 872 272 35 31 AGQBEGATE CmCULATION PER ISSUE. 43,953,617 5,253,521 2,957,727 250,403 6,756.243 25,635:615 2,437,289 662,819 42,640,396 4,573,640 3,061,565 362, 797 5,336,435 28,217,126 909,317 179,515 1899 30,216,096 3,896,967 (■) 607,042 6,997,099 15,277,062 2,126,625 1,311,300 1 Included in circulation of dailies. New York ranks first among the states in the num- ber of newspapers and periodica]^ published as well as in the circulation of such publications. The number of publications increased 20, or 1 per cent, from 1904 to 1909, and 407, or 26.7 per cent, from 1899 to 1904, while the aggregate circulation increased 1,313,222, or 3.1 per cent, during the more recent period, and 12,424,300, or 41.1 per cent, during the earher period. From 1904 to 1909 the number of each class of publi- cations increased, with the exception of the semi- weeklies and triweeklies, and the weeklies, which de- creased, and of the monthlies, the number of which was the same in both years. There was a decrease of 112,394 in the circulation of the semiweeklies and triweeklies and of 2,581,511 in that of the monthlies, while the circulation of the weeklies shows an increase. The Sunday publications show a decrease of 103,838 in circulation, although there was an increase of 4 in the number of such publications. The largest increase in number shown for any class of publications is that. of 14 for the dailies, while the largest increase in circu- lation, 1,527,972, was in that of the quarterly pubhca- tions. Of the 231 dailies, in 1909, 84, with an aggre- gate circulation of 2,168,690, were morning papers. The following table shows the number and circula- tion of the different classes of pubhcations in English and in foreign languages, respectively, for 1909 and 1904: PERIOD OP ISSUE. Total Daily and Sunday. Semiweekly and triweekly. Weekly Monthly Quarterly Another Cen- sus. 1909 1904 1909 1904 1909 1904 1909 1904 1909 1904 1909 1904 1909 1904 Num- ber. 1,963 1,933 279 261 56 63 975 981 521 521 64 53 Aggregate circulation per issue. 43,963,617 42,640,396 8,211,248 7,635,205 250,403 362,797 6,756,243 5,336,435 25,635,615 28,217,126 2,437,289 909,317 662,819 179,615 Num- ber. 1,763 1,764 228 221 881 910 492 Aggregate circulation per issue. 41,666,607 40,620,198 6,858,818 6,737,086 206,203 326,412 6,338,749 4,955,985 25,251,499 27,984,084 2,424,789 366,817 576,449 150,815 or POBEIGN LANOUAGES. Num- ber, Aggregate circula- tion per 200 169 2,297,110 2,120,197 1,352,430 898,120 44,200 36,385 417,494 380,460 384,116 233,042 12,500 543,500 86,370 28,700 In 1909 as well as in 1904 the largest class of publi- cations in foreign languages consisted of the weeklies, but the daUy and Sunday papers had the largest circu- lation during both years. With the exception of quarterlies, each class of the publications in foreign languages increased in circulation from 1904 to 1909. The following tabular statement distributes the publications in foreign languages in 1909 according to the language in which printed: NUMBER OP PUBLICATIONS. liANSUAGK All Classes. Daily and Sun- day publi- cations. Seml- week- Ues and tri- week- Ues. Week- lies. Month- lies. AU other classes. Total 200 60 27 19 12 12 11 6 3 3 3 2 22 51 21 7 7 11 3 94 23 19 9 6 9 2 6 36 10 1 2 6 g Italian Yiddish »1 PoUsh 3 8 1 4 2 2 2 Croatian 1 2 il French 1 1 TTnTi^arian 4 1 1 2 2 '11 1 1 2 Syrian 1 Danish . . All Other 63 «3 83 92 I Two semimonthlies and 1 published every two weeks. ' Quarterly. * Published every two weeks. ( Semimonthly. ' Includes 1 each in Arabic, Greek, and Slovenic. « Includes 1 each in Arabic, Chinese, and Slovak. ' Includes 1 each in Armenian, Chinese, Esthonian, Finnish, Dutch, Irish and English, Japanese and English, Norwegian, Servian, Slovak, and Welsh. 8 Includes 1 in German, French, and English; 1 in German, French, Spanish, and English; and 1 in Spanish and Portuguese. > Includes 1 published every two weeks in Russian and English, and 1 semi- annual in German, French, Spanish, and English, 718 SUPPLEMENT FOR NEW YORK. In 1909 a total of 1,080 publications, with an aggre- gate circulation of 10,116,760 copies per issue, were devoted to politics and family news; 135, with a circu- lation of 4,037,905, were religious in character; and 112, mth a circulation of 12,664,213, were devoted to general literature. The circulation for 1909 of the first class increased 56.8 per cent and that of the last «lass shows but a slight increase over that reported for 1904, while the circulation of the second class in 1909 was more than two and one-half times that re- ported for 1904. Textiles. — ^The relative importance of the principal textile industries of New York, as measured by value •of products, is shown in the following table, which presents the total value of products reported for each industry at the last three censuses : Total Bosiery and tnit goods Silk and silk goods, including throw- sters Carpets and rags, other than rag Woolen, worsted, and felt goods, and wool hats 'Cotton goods, Including cotton small wares 0>rdage and twine and jute and linen goocb Hats, fur-felt VALUE OF PEODUCrS. 1909 $185,780,000 67,130,000 26,519,000 25,606,000 23,739,000 20,352,000 12,215,000 10,219,000 1904 $142,422,000 46,320,000 20,181,000 19,404,000 19,477,000 13,434,000 15,866,000 7,740,000 1S99 $107,612,000 36,028,000 12,706,000 15,029,000 15,784,000 10,788,000 11,675,000 5,602,000 The progress of the textile industries is shown by the increase in the number of spindles, looms, knitting machines, and other equipment. The following table shows the number of the principal machines used in four important textile industries combined and in each of those industries separately ia 1909, 1904, and 1899: MACHnfE. Cen- sus. Total. Cotton goods, including cotton small wares. Woolen, worsted, and felt goods, and wool hats. Hosiery and knit goods. SUk and silk goods, including tlirow- sters. Producing spindles. . . Looms 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1,395,482 1,228,699 1,127,149 24,698 23,246 23,038 15,047 12,666 11,666 821 959 1,147 89 62 66 778,036 704,634 720,268 14,088 13,358 14,737 154,359 177,487 162,369 3,035 2,899 3,033 303,628 225,237 191,026 159,559 121,341 63,486 7,675 6,989 5,268 Knitting machines 15,047 12,666 11,666 457 507 674 364 452 473 89 62 66 Wool-combing ma- The total number of producing spindles reported for the four industries covered by the table shows an increase from 1904 to 1909 of 166,783, or 13.6 per cent; that of looms, an increase of 1,452, or 6.2 per cent ; that of knitting machines, an increase .of 2,381, or 18.8 per cent; and that of wool-combing machines, an increase of 27, or 43.5 per cent. The number of sets of woolen cards decreased 138, or 14.4 per cent. The relative increases in the number of spindles, looms, and knit- ting machines were much greater than the gains shown for the previous five-year period, 1899-1904, which were 9 per cent, nine-tenths of 1 per cent, and 8.6 per cent, respectively. During the period from 1904 to 1909 the number of spindles used in the cotton mills increased 73,402, or 10.4 per cent, the number in the hosiery and knitting nulls, 78,291, or 34.8 per cent, and the number in the sUk mills, 38,218, or 31.5 per cent, while the number used in the woolen and worsted mills decreased 23,128, or 13 per cent. During the preceding five-year period, 1899-1904, the number in the cotton miUs decreased, while the number in each of the other three classes of nulls increased. Each of the three industries in the table for which looms are reported shows a larger number for 1909 than for 1904, the greatest relative increase being 8.4 per cent in the silk mills. Hosiery and knit goods. — The manufacture of hosiery and knit goods as a factory industry in New York had its beginning iu Cohoes in 1832, with the founding of a factory in which power was for the first time successfully used in the making of knit goods. (See History of Cohoes, by Masten, pp. 61, 62, and 77.) In 1849 there were only 3 knitting mills in the state, the value of their products amounting to only $37,000, but in 1859 there were 22 mills in operation and the total production was valued at $1,944,000. The industry has continued this rapid development; the value of products in 1909 being more than thirty-four times the value reported in 1859. The following table shows the quantity and cost of the different materials used in 1909, 1904, and 1899: MATEKLAL. 1909 1904 1899 $38,677,371 33,041,491 $3,779,496 1,623,562 $234,871 164,014 $109,190 1,803,323 $846,659 4,398,579 $1,429,402 5,410,605 $551,877 86,676,623 $13,824,123 3,186,332 $2,077,718 3,232,368 $3,078,048 925,440 $693,856 423,230 $1,644,056 11,296 $9,206 $363,607 $648,588 $9,386,614 $28,210,100 23,841,021 $2,747,412 629,569 $109,954 439,929 $239,281 4,537,860 $1,969,081 2,735,224 $947,962 4,444,951 $444,165 56,512,123 $11,788,385 1,742,576 $1,080,369 2,340,773 $1,799,171 1,022,189 $426,956 137,369 $615,511 36,124 $30,843 $284,958 $465,438 $5,261,614 $20,265,993 Cotton: Domestic- Cost Foreign- $1,668,014 Wool: Foreign (in condition purchased) — PnnnHs 710 834 $396,246 4,817,495 $1,663,529 2,923,552 $817,592 2,105,354 Domestic (in condition purchased)— Cost Wool waste and noils: Cost Shoddy: Pounds Cost $199, 137 Yams, not made in mill: Cotton- 59,112,590 $8,517,651 902,234 $423, 411 Cost Woolen— Pnnniis , . , . Cost Worsted- Pminfis 1,585,842 $1,221,820 562 040 Cost Merino- Cost $232,011 142,559 Silk and spun-silk— Pounds Cost All other yarns- 105,782 $102,109 $211,687 $293,682 $3,976,860 Cost Fuel and rent of power STATISTICS OF MANUFACTURES. 719 At each of the three censuses raw cotton and cotton yam were by far the most important materials re- ported, both as respects quantity and as respects cost, with the exception that in 1899 the cost of the wool consumed was somewhat greater than that of the raw cotton. There was an increase of 10,194,463 pounds, or 41.7 per cent, in the quantity of raw cotton con- sumed and of $1,157,001, or 40.5 per cent, in its cost, from 1904 to 1909, as compared with increases of 133,285 pounds, or one-half of 1 per cent, in quantity and $1,189,352, or 71.3 per cent, m cost from 1899 to 1904. The very great increase in cost shown in 1904 as compared with 1899 was due chiefly to the higher prices of cotton prevaUing in 1904. Cotton yarns show an increase of 30,164,500 pounds, or 53.4 per cent, in quantity and $2,035,738, or 17.3 per cent, in cost for the period 1904-1909, while for the period 1899-1904 a decrease of 2,600,467 pounds, or 4.4 per cent, in quantity and an increase of $3,270,734, or 38.4 per cent, in cost were reported. Ail other mate- rials for which figures as to both quantity and cost are given show increases in both respects from 1904 to 1909, with the exception of foreign and domestic wool, and the yarns included under the head of "All other yams," which decreased in both respects, and of merino yarn, which shows a decrease in quantity only. The gains in the quantity and cost of sUk and spun-sUk yams are particularly noteworthy, as the quantity more than trebled and the cost very nearly trebled during the five years. The quantity and value of the various products re- ported at the last three censuses were as foUows: Total value Hose: Dozen pairs Value HaU bose: Dozen palis Value Shirts and drawers; Ueiino — Dozens Value Cotton- Dozens Value All other- Dozens Value Combination suits: Merino — Dozens Value Cotton- Dozens Value All other- Dozens Value Gloves and mittens: Dozen pairs Value Hoods, scarfs, nubias, etc.: Dozens Value • .-■•,•■;„" Cardigan jackets, sweaters, fancy jackets, etc.: Dozens ■ Value Cotton yarn: Pounds Value All other products. 1909 $67,130,296 251,269 $493,041 104,418 3146,144 1,162,148 $7,718,492 11,238,711 $29,677,805 74,063 $914,211 .52,254 $600,830 938,554 $4,238,442 1,195,140 $4,270,020 124,301 $440,411 1,656,336 $13,915,043 2,499,483 $519, 454 $4,396,403 19M $46,320,311 167,965 $286,712 65,732 $113,950 1,171,123 $6,737,966 8,974,368 $24,212,845 204,993 $1,535,884 27,297 $313,863 655,324 $2,030,831 9,934 $101,427 750,662 $2,067,185 255,857 $920, on 640,236 $4,780,750 902,834 $154,842 $3,063,995 $36,028,114 103,300 $234,652 56,972 $93,547 1,779,339 $8,394,455 6,636,642 $17,006,721 804,538 $2,880,118 64, 153 $378,268 288,079 $904,164 13,316 $82,110 567, 72cj $1,570,406 171,060 $533, 527 451,262 $2,664,713 211,000 $.13,200 $1,352,253 1 Included with operations. *AII other products," to avoid disclosiKe of individual From 1904 to 1909 there was a general increase in the quantity and the value of all products, with the exception of the shirts and drawers included under the head of "All other," and of hoods, scarfs, and nubias, which decreased in both respects, and of merino shirts and drawers, which decreased in quantity only. The output and the value of merino and "AH other" shirts and drawers and of merino combination suits were less in 1904 than in 1899, and the output of "AH other" combination suits also shows a decrease for that period. The most important products were cotton shirts and drawers, the value of which formed 44.1 per cent of the total value of products for the industry in 1909, 52.3 per cent in 1904, and 47.2 per cent in 1899. The largest increase in output from 1904 to 1909 was that of 2,264,343 dozens, or 25.2 per cent, in the quantity of cotton shirts and drawers, and the largest increase in value that of $9,134,293, or 191.1 per cent, in the value of cardigan jackets, sweaters, fancy jackets, etc. Silk and silk goods, including throwsters. — This in- dustry had its beginning in the state in 1830, when the manufacture of dress trimmings was commenced in New York City. At the census of 1869, 14 establish- ments were reported, which employed 739 wage earners and manufactured products valued at $1,826,000. In 1909 the manufacture of silk goods, with a value of products amounting to $26,519,000, was second in importance among the textile industries in the state. The development during the decade 1899-1909 was remarkable, the value of products more than doubling. The statement following shows the quantity and cost of the chief materials used in the industry, as re- ported for 1909, 1904, and 1899: Total cost Silk: Kaw— Pounds Cost Spun- Pounds Cost Artificial- Pounds Cost Organzine and tram — Pounds Cost Fringe and floss, including waste, nous, etc. — Pounds Cost Yarns, other than silk: Cotton- Pounds .' Cost Mercerized cotton- Pounds Cost Woolen and worsted — Pounds Cost Mohah— Pounds Cost All other — Pounds Cost Chemicals and dyestuffs Fuel and rent o( power All other materials 1909 $13,948,589 1,817,329 $7,092,171 315,622 $759,710 616,439 $1,309,400 335,003 $1,471,824 515,545 $326,691 2,018,612 $757,470 483,627 $369,315 94,622 $114,829 52,521 $47,408 113,856 $170,491 $78, 107 $249,977 $1,211,196 1904 $10,490,474 1,006,793 $3,934,433 249,896 $734,099 289,282 $1,039,783 603,623 $2,919,466 17,080 $28,475 1,197,943 $401,841 101,943 $74,770 184,340 $191,816 14,511 $15,264 71,486 $30,959 $52,066 $167,911 $899,601 1899 $6,570,037 914,265 $3,814,768 263,200 $562,322 S,3S0 $6,790 197,781 $839,657 20,608 $88,813 1,656,545 $369,716 61,560 $42,432 45,527 $36,640 29,697 $28,776 24, 167 $14,364 $96,286 $679,473 ' Does not include waste, noils, etc. ' Not reported separately. 720 SUPPLEMENT FOR NEW YORK. The cost of the materials used in the silk industry slightly more than doubled during the decade 1899- 1909, that of silk in its various forms representing about four-fifths of the total at each census. Kaw sUk, which is by far the most important single item, as measured by cost, increased 810,536 pounds, or 80.6 per cent, in quantity, and $3,157,738, or 80.3 per cent, in cost, from 1904 to 1909. The consump- tion of artificial silk, of which only a small amount was reported in 1899, more than doubled between 1904 and 1909, though the increase in cost was only 25.9 per cent. Organzine and tram purchased, on the other hand, show a marked falling off for the same period, the quantity and cost reported for 1909 being only a little tnore than half as great as for 1 904 . Among the materials other than silk, cotton yarns, especially mercerized yams, show a very rapid increase for the period 1904-1909, while woolen and worsted yams show a decided loss, amounting to 48.7 per cent in quantity and 40.1 per cent in cost. The next table shows the quantity and value of the different products reported for 1909, 1904, and 1899: Total value Broad sillcs (all silk and sUk mixed): Yards Value Plata and fancy- Yards Value Jacquard— Yards Value Piece-dyed— Yards , Value Ribbons Laces, nets, veils, veilings, etc . .• Embroideries , Frtages and gimps Braids and bindmgs Ladles' dress trimmtags MiJltaery trimmtags Organztae and tram for sUe: Pounds Value All other products Amount received for contract work.. $26,518,821 15,217,298 $9,042,488 7,898,355 $5,554,462 434,690 $394,466 6,884,253 $3,093,560 $6,261,289 $794,640 $272,746 $560,027 $2,566,881 $946,293 $749,785 330,026 $1,354,540 $3,364,122 $606,010 $20,181,212 10,896,809 $6,382,758 6,354,460 $3,629,021 1,266,680 $842,948 4,275,669 $1,910,789 $4,983,712 $291,400 $105,500 $544,644 $2,042,365 $967, 143 $703,742 $420,718 $3,471,078 $268,252 $12,708,246 7,545,665 $4,333,114 4,906,169 $3,074,806 169,836 $134,258 2,469,570 $1,124,050 $4,883,011 $377,047 $23,092 $195,528 $388,391 $389,510 $231,000 48,263 $207,600 $1,439,836 $238,218 With the exception of Jacquard broad silks, ladies' dress trimmings, and the products included under the head of "All other products," the value of each class of products shown in the table increased from 1904 to 1909. The most pronounced decrease was in Jac- quard silks, amounting to $448,482, or 53.2 per cent, owing to the removal from the state of two establish- ments in which such fabrics were manufactured ex- tensively in 1904. Ribbons, although the leading class of products next to broad sUks in 1904 and 1909, have represented a smaller proportion of the total value of products at each succeeding census since 1899. The proportions which the value of broad silks, the class of products first in importance in 1909 and 1904, formed of the total for all products were 34.1 per cent in 1899, 31 .6 per cent in 1904, and 34.1 per cent in 1909. Strik- ing gains occurred during the decade in the production of organzine and tram for sale, both the quantity and the value of this class of products more than doubling from 1899 to 1904, and both more than trebUng from 1904 to 1909. The amount reported as received for contract work was but httle more in 1904 than in 1899, but during the next five years it more than doubled. This item represents mainly the receipts for comnais- sion throwing. In 1909 a total of 936,754 pounds of sUk were thrown for other estabhshments under contract, of which 495,053 pounds were thrown into organzine and 441,701 pounds into tram. The corresponding figures for 1904 were 359,248 pounds and 345,830 pounds, respectively, representing a total of 705,078 pounds of silk thrown under contract in that year. Carpets and rugs, other than rag. — The quantity and cost of the different materials and the quantity and value of the chief products reported for this industry in 1909, 1904, and 1899 are given in the following table: MATERIAL OB PRODUCT. 1909 1904 1899 • Materials used, total cost Wool, In condition purchased: PnnnHs $13,315,172 36,177,487 $6,256,326 3,105,707 $277,281 41,498,384 $4,806,400 564,924 $137,408 1,638,596 $779,688 6,599,109 $1,141,669 4,858,864 $866,837 27,836,891 $1,880,798 $417,770 $309,336 $1,248,060 $25,606,262 26,973,631 $25,477,756 17,430,969 $16,177,227 9,542,662 $9,300,529 $128,506 $11,133,063 23,552,683 $4,707,215 37,147,701 $4,813,950 4,239,396 $921,873 1,663,638 $800,865 4,801,611 $879,580 5,049,746 $819,971 21,403,311 $1,391,661 $468,372 $224,235 $919,291 $19,404,133 22,559,873 $19,194,104 19,206,368 $16,766,173 3,353,505 $3,427,931 $210,029 $7,681,097 23,297,198 $3,875,638 1,325,814 $99,978 27,287,378 Cost Animal hair: Pounds .- Yams, purchased: Cost $2,601,095 1,594,801 $266, 998 Woolen- Cost Worsted— 281,830 Ckist $113, 538 Cotton- 3,617,216 Cost $443,351 5,382,256 $732,307 16,411,276 Linen- Pounds Cost Juts and other vegetable fiber- Cost $944,901 $384,836 Fuel and rent of power . , ". $113,706 $706,845 $15,029,218 Carpets and rugs: 21,804,165 Value $14,825,420 16,038,662 Carpets- Square yards $11,530,425 Rugs, woven whole- 5,765,593 $3,294,996 Value $203. 798 'Included under "All other materials," to avoid disclosure of individual operations. The chief material used in each of the three census years was wool, the cost of which formed 47 per cent of the total for all materials combined in 1909, 42.3 per cent in 1904, and 50.5 per cent in 1899. The quantity of wool used increased 12,624,804 pounds, or 53.6 per cent, from 1904 to 1909, and the cost $1,549,111, or 32.9 per cent. Jute and other vegetable fiber yarns constituted the class second in importance, showing an increase for the five-year period 1904-1909 of 6,433,580 pounds, or 30.1 per cent, in quantity and $489,137, or 35.1 per cent, in cost. The amount 'of woolen yarn purchased in 1909, however, was little more than pne-eighth that reported for 1904, owing largely to the purch^ise of the fiber in the raw state instead of in yarn. STATISTICS OF MANUFACTURES. 721 Carpets and ruga, taken together, show an increase for the period 1904-1909 of 4,413,758 square yards, or 19.6 per cent, in quantity and $6,283,652, or 32.7 per cent, in value, and for the period 1899-1904 an in- crease of 755,718 square yards, or 3.5 per cent, in quantity and $4,368,684, or 29.5 per cent, in value. In 1909 seamless rugs constituted 35.4 per cent of the total output of carpets and rugs, as compared with 14.9 per cent in 1904 and 26.4 per cent in 1899. Axminster and moquette carpets formed the leading class of carpets manufactured in 1909, with tapestry Brussels, tapestry velvet, and Brussels following in the order named. In 1904 and 1899, however, tapestry Brussels was the leading variety. Woolen, worsted, and felt goods, and wool hats. — ^The 64 establishments reported for this industry in 1909, classified according to their products of chief value, comprised 30 woolen mills, 15 worsted mills, 12 felt mills, and 7 wool-hat factories. The quantity and cost of the different materials re- ported for 1909, 1904, and 1899 are given in the follow- ing table: MATEBIAL. 1909 1904 1S99 Total cost $14,744,028 26,651,580 $8,462,790 22,362,412 $6,754,854 4,289,168 $1,707,936 15,858,034 3,688,381 $747,128 1,234,161 $68,197 939,539 $135,921 2,908,692 $960,628 699,698 $83,276 2,829,606 $1,718,630 1,412,237 $1,227,155 990,264 $300,706 13,913 $49,493 413,192 $141,276 16,057 $47,616 $623,270 $370,969 $1,525,603 $10,716,221 26,066,161 $6,826,833 22,456,770 $5,769,932 3,599,381 $1,056,901 15,610,370 1,537,460 $203,612 1,332,056 $77,716 2,209,909 $271,709 1,716,008 $512,751 1,326,455 $175,676 1,594,097 $696,487 318,244 $237,531 937,927 $240,824 21,018 $61,627 316,908 $55,505 $661,490 $285,388 $1,204,562 $8,683,610 20,942,082 $4,877,606 18,692,443 $4,182,727 2,249,639 $694,878 11,830 350 Wool, In condition purchased: Pounds Cost Domestic- Pounds Cost Foreign- Pounds Cost Equivalent in scoured condition, ponnrlfi Animal hair and fur: 837, 316 Cost . - . $48,772 (1) Tailors' clippings, rags, etc. : Pounds . Cost $43,697 Shoddy, mungo, and wool extract: 641,709 Cost $116, 107 Waste and noils of wool, mohair, etc.: 1,923,179 Cost $569,816 Cotton: 1,009,766 $84,585 Yams, purchased: 3,465,476 Cost . $1,208,732 Worsted- 626,031 Cost $641,901 Cotton— 2,427,270 (^^t ' $391,791 Silk and Bpun-allk— 13, 173 (IJQgt $51,217 All other— 399,002 $223,823 Wool hat bodies and hats In the rough: 2,676 Qq^^ $9,618 $491,373 Fuel and rent of power and heat $201,066 $1,032,140 1 Not reported separately. , , , , 'Induded with "All other materials,' operations. to avoid disclosure of Individual The total quantity of aU classes of wool purchased was 26,651,580 pounds in 1909, 26,056,151 pounds in 1904, and 20,942,082 pounds in 1899, an increase of 595,429 pounds, or 2.3 per cent, for the later five-year period, and 5,114,069 pounds, or 24.4 per cent, for the earlier period. The cost of this material represented 57.4 per cent of the total cost reported for aU materials in 1909, 63.7 per cent in 1904, and 56.2 per cent in 1899. Worsted yams purchased show larger relative gains from 1904 to 1909 than any other class of materials, the quantity reported in 1909 being more than four times as great as in 1904, and the cost more than five times as great, while from 1899 to 1904 shoddy, mungo, and wool extract show the largest . relative gain in quantity, and animal hair and fur the largest relative gain in value. For the five-year period 1904-1909 tailors' clippings, raw cotton, shoddy, and silk and spun-silk yarns all show a decrease in both quantity and cost, while domestic wool shows a decrease in quantity only. The quantity and value of the chief products re- ported for the industry in 1909, 1904, and 1899 are shown in the following table: PRODUCT. 1909 1904 1899 Total value . ... $23, 739, 421 17,243,627 $12,830,093 1,762,748 $1,450,578 6,823,860 $6,420,930 5,375,780 $2, 728, 242 3,281,239 $2,230,343 7,065,151 $2,487,664 3,376,396 $1,056,731 3,688,755 $1,430,833 2,892,196 $976,342 1,881,047 $1,989,988 $1,326,638 133,678 $1,185,298 1,237,092 $1,184,521 1,793,580 $531,897 838,887 $145,921 $1,081,159 $19,476,686 12,459,972 $10,532,885 4,427,304 $3, 857, 600 3,196,395 $3,694,689 3,857,323 $2,162,435 979,950 $818,261 8,139,633 $3,081,060 1,518,326 $540,078 6,621,307 $2,540,982 1,129,082 $590,585 1 1,100,579 $1,101,743 $1,130,626 136,481 $956,347 1,061,528 $793,285 858,972 $261,055 852,243 $128,750 $900,360 $16,784,121 9,464,705 $6,568,458 2,626,599 $2,042,342 3,132,310 $2,637,169 740,724 All-wool woven goods: Value Wool cloths, doeskins, cassimeres, cheviots, etc.: Sliifirp yards Value Worsted coatings, serges, and suit- ings- Square yards , Value Worsted dress goods, cashmeres, serges, etc.— Value $368,314 2,965,072 $1,510,643 9,804,480 $3,589,355 4,914,479 $1,700,998 4,890,001 $1,888,367 941,056 $361,168 1626,867 $617,881 $686,337 284,494 $1,218,498 2 980,510 $701,166 526,925 $165,567 281,804 $36,900 $1,848,791 All other- Square yards , . Value Cotton-mixed and cotton-warp goods: Square yards Value Worsted-fllhng dress goods — Sauare yards Value;.:. All other- Value Felt goods: Felt cloths, trimming and lining felts, felt skirtings, table covers, and saddle felts^ Value Endless belts— PnTiTids Value All other Hats, wool-felt: Value Worsted yarn, for sale: Value Noils, for sale: Value Waste, for sale: Pounds Value .' All other products ' Square yards. 2 Includes tops. The output of all-wool woven goods reported in 1909 was 17,243,627 square yards, as compared with 12,459,- 972 square yards in 1904 and 9,464,705 square yards in 1899, the gain in 1909 as compared with 1904 being 4,783,655 square yards, or 38.4 per cent, and that in 1904 as compared with 1899 being 2,995,267 square yards, or 31.6 per cent. The very considerable gain in the output and value of worsted-filling dress goods be- tween 1904 and 1909 was more than offset by a decline 722 SUPPLEMENT FOR NEW YORK. in the manufacture of other woven goods containing cotton. The output of felt cloth in 1909 was more than double that in 1904. The total value of the worsted yams manufactured for sale was $1,184,521 in 1909, as compared with $793,285 in 1904 and $701,166 in 1899. To the extent that the partly manufactured products, such as yam, noils, and waste, were sold by the estab- lishments producing them to other estabhshments in the state engaged in the woolen industry for use as ma- terials in their manufacturing processes, the value of such materials represents a dupHcation in the total cost of materials and value of products for the industry. Cotton goods, including cotton small wares. — ^The quantity and cost of the principal materials used in this industry and the quantity and value of the chief products reported for 1909, 1904, and 1899 are given in the following table: MATEBIAL OE PRODUCT. Mateilals used, total cost. Cotton: Povmds Cost Cotton yarn: Pounds Cost Starch Chemicals and dyestufls. Fuel and rent of power . . All other materials Prodncts, total value Plain cloths for Jprinting or converting: Square yards Value Cotton towels and toweling: Square yards Value All other woven goods: Square yards Value Yarns, for sale: Pounds Value Cotton waste: Pounds Value All other products. 1909 (11,726,489 68,766,704 $8,088,263 5,843,677 $1,472,313 $70,681 $150,405 $407, 128 $1,637,799 $20,361,656 86,800,076 $3,537,860 1,956,626 $430,393 58,313,842 $7,096,170 31,765,481 $6,745,518 7,170,930 $250,037 $2,292,677 1904 $8,644,726 61,835,100 $6,190,179 5,583,162 $1,363,786 $33,094 $105, 294 $330, 299 $622,074 $13,433,904 70,321,095 $2,883,012 1,266,460 $178, 687 40,961,177 $4,317,437 24,943,996 $5,102,181 5,396,761 $177,890 $774,697 $6,718,296 52,243,049 $3,743,267 4,297,684 $1,083,604 $27,466 $77,884 $228, 577 $557, 498 $10,788,003 80,123,110 $2,829,674 « 60,788,768 $3,615,851 17,922,997 $2,782,165 6,564,045 $120,419 $1,633,894 ' Not reported separately. The quantity of raw cotton used increased 16,931,604 pounds, or 32.7 per cent, from 1904 to 1909, although from 1899 to 1904 it decreased 407,949 pounds, or eight-tenths of 1 per cent. The cost of this material, however, increased more rapidly from 1899 to 1904 than it did from 1904 to 1909. . The cost of cotton yarn, the material next in importance, increased from census to census, but much less rapidly than that of raw cotton. The cost of aU the other classes of mate- rials shown in the table likewise increased during both five-year periods. On the basis of value, the products included under the head of "All other woven goods," which consisted mainly of brown or bleached sheetings and shirtings, corduroy, cotton velvet and plush, lace and lace curtains, mosquito and other netting, and twills and sateens, constituted the most important class of prod- ucts in 1909 and 1899, whUe in 1904 yarns for sale formed the leading class. The output of plain cloth decreased between 1899 and 1904, but this decrease was more than counterbalanced by an increase during the next five years. The value of each class of prod- ucts shown separately in the table, however, increased during both five-year periods. To the extent that cotton yarn and waste made in the state were sold by the establishments producing them to other establishments in New York engaged in the cotton-goods industry for use as material in their manu- facturing processes, their value represents a duplica- tion in both the total cost of materials and the total value of products for the state. Fur-felt hats. — This industry includes the manufac- ture of derbies and soft felt hats, and of felt hats for women's wear, from rabbit, coney, and nutria fur. The quantity and cost of materials used and the number and value of fur-felt hats manufactured in 1909, 1904, and 1899 are shown in the following table: MATERIAL OE PRODUCT. 1909 1904 1899 Uaterlals used, total cost Hatters' fur: $6,406,265 1,883,207 $1,860,052 194,268 $1,260,824 $100,407 $2,194,982 $10,218,660 776,268 $9,466,282 $763,378 $3,178,454 1,663,080 $1,265,877 92,984 $627,040 $160,305 $1,425,232 $7,739,774 631,374 $6,862,797 $886,977 $2,607,151 1,281,452 Cost $1,163,340 Fur-felt hat bodies and hats in the rough: 24,620 Cost $171,660 Chemicals and dyestufis $117, 681 $1, 154, 77a $5,602,468 Fur-felt hats: Dozens 226,061 Value $6,052,570 All oiher'products.. $649,888 In 1909 the cost of hat bodies and hats in the rough was over two-thirds as great as that of hatters' fur, having made the remarkable increase from $171,660 to $1,250,824 during the last decade. The number of hats manufactured increased 144,884 dozens, or 22.9 per cent, from 1904 to 1909, and 405,313 dozens, or 179.3 per cent, from 1899 to 1904. The increase in the value of the hats was $2,612,485, or 38.1 per cent, for the later five-year period, and $1,800,227, or 35.6 per cent, for the earUer five-year period. The figures for 1909 represent 26 per cent of the number and 21.8 per cent of the value of all fur- felt hats produced in the United States in that year, the corresponding proportions in 1904 being 24.2 per cent and 20 per cent, respectively. In addition to those shown in the above table, fur-felt hats to the value of $433,391 were made in 18 estabhshments engaged primarily in the manufacture of other kinds of hats, such as wool and straw. Slaughtering and meat packing. — ^The first table on the following page gives the quantity and cost of the different materials used in the industry during the census years 1909, 1904, and 1899. There were 189,731, or 39.6 per cent, more beeves slaughtered in 1909 than in 1904; 83,370, or 28.4 per cent, more calves ; 381,084, or 24.8 per cent, more sheep; and 178,911, or 11 per cent, more hogs. The cost re- STATISTICS OF MANUFACTURES. 723 ported for each class of animals also increased during the same period, and even more rapidly than the num- ber. The cost of dressed meat purchased, however, which more than doubled between 1904 and 1909, shows a higher rate of increase for that pesiod than any other item presented in the table. MATERIAL. 1909 1904 1899 Total cost $110,168,234 668,447 $47,746,152 377,121 $4,406,391 1,918,721 $10,437,800 1,802,669 $23,802,670 $14,156,721 $507,208 $9,111,292 $66,777,802 478,716 $29,799,375 293,751 $2,611,331 1,53'', 637 $7,436,390 1,623,758 $14,124,703 $6,786,824 $288,299 $5,730,880 $51,173,032 378,833 $21,492,495 277,016 $2,203,940 1,487,157 $5,975,165 1,701,096 $12,566,633 $5,395,265 Beeves slaughtered: Number Cost Calves slaughtered: Number Cost Sheep slaughtered: Number Cost Hogs slaughtered: Cost Dressed meat, purchased Fuel and rent of power $3,371,227 The following table shows the products reported for this industry at the last three censuses : Total value Beef.fresh: Foimds Value Beef, salted or cured: Pounds Value Veal, fresh: Pounds Value Mutton, fresh: Pounds Value Pork, fresh: Pounds Value Pork, salted or ciu-ed: Pounds Value Sausage, fresh or cured AH other fresh meat: Pounds Value Lard: Pounds Value Tallow, oleo stock, and stearin: Pounds Value Oleo oil: Gallons Value Fertilizers and fertilizer materials: Tons Value Hides: Number Pounds Value Sheep pelts: Number Value Wool: Pounds Value • - • ■. - • All other products, mcludmg amount received for custom or contract work $127,130,051 429,981,714 $41,428,480 26,460,602 $3,085,410 36,610,306 $4,316,843 80,774,979 $9,539,554 123,540,054 $12,666,175 134,425,208 $17,804,064 $6,461,809 6,983,008 $427,106 47,042,820 $5,814,101 51,948,253 $4,472,789 3,149,003 $2,692,932 16,928 $435,900 899,790 49,577,570 $7,105,591 1,913,895, $1,389,474 6,605,170 $2,249,241 $7,241,582 1904 $75,649,917 310,605,538 $26,119,579 15,146,733 $759,210 26,400,486 $2,605,948 63,435,207 $5,991,233 123,177,569 $9,130,670 106,495,914 $10,712,616 $3,359,825 2,828,915 $237,168 36,098,711 $2,413,755 (0 3,578,246 $2,036,419 10,740 $233,662 607,034 38,892,216 $3,748,693 22,069,663 $1,101,878 5,187,937 $1,997,334 $6,103,027 1899 $68,403,462 252,608,996 $20,045,478 10,669,190 $796,694 25,179,357 $2,404,942 61,858,172 $6,163,001 107,996,721 $7,340,461 122,217,119 $9,874,336 $2,195,581 615,500 $61,430 31,522,702 $2,044,069 s 1,660,999 $954,064 5,606 $104,632 690,824 26,522,241 $2,475,993 8 2,625,676 $787,269 $4,165,703 1 Figures not available. 2 Includes pelts purchased for wool pulling. With the exception of the quantity of oleo oil and the number of sheep pelts, the output of each of the different products shown separately increased both in quantity and in value from 1904 to 1909, but the per- centages of increase in the value of meat products were considerably larger than those in quantity owing to the generally higher prices that prevailed in 1909. The increase in quantity, however, which is not in- fluenced by such external conditions as changing prices, indicates more accurately the actual growth of the industry The largest relative increase in quantity was that of 146.8 per cent for the products included under the head of "All other fresh meat," while the largest relative increase in value was that of 306.4 per cent for salted and cured beef. The output of fresh beef increased 119,376,176 pounds, or 38.4 per cent, from 1904 to 1909; that of salted and cured beef, 11,314,869 pounds, or 74.7 per cent; that of fresh veal, 10,209,820' pounds, or 38.7 per cent; that of fresh mutton, 17,339,772 pounds, or 27.3 per cent; that of fresh pork,^ 362,495 pounds, or three-tenths of 1 per cent; and that of salted and cured pork, 27,929,294 pounds, or 26.2 per cent. The total output of these products in- creased 186,532,426 pounds, or 28.9 per cent, while its. value increased $33,520,270, or 60.6 per cent, during the same period. The value of all meat products, including sausage and "All other fresh meats," represented 75.3 per cent of the total value of all products for the industry in 1909, as compared with 78 per cent in 1904. The advance in price, as affecting the gain in value, seems to have been most pronounced in the case of salted and cured beef, whose value per pound in 1909 was more than double that in 1904. In the case of lard, the value increased 140.9 per cent, while the output increased only 34 per cent. Lumber and timber products. — ^According to some authorities the first sawmills operated in the territory now comprised within the limits of the United States were erected at New Amsterdam and Fort George on the Hudson River early in the seventeenth century. Lumbering has been one of the leading industries in New York state from the beginning, and while its maxi- mum annual production was reached and passed more than a decade ago, the industry stiU ranks ninth among the industries of the state in value of products and seventh in average number of wage earners em- ployed. The following statement shows the quantity of rough lumber, lath, and shingles produced by the sawmills of the state in 1909 and 1899: PEODUCT. QUANTITY. 1909 1899 P.O^gb InmhflT M feet b. m.. 681,440 70,878 91,886 878,448 66,468 160,294 Lath Shingles. thousands.. thousands. . As indicated by the figures, the quantity of lumber cut in New York decreased 22.4 per cent from 1899 to 1909, and the output of shingles 42.7 per cent, while there was an increase of 6.6 per cent in the production of lath. In 1899 about three-fourths of all the lumber 724 SUPPLEMENT FOR NEW YORK. cut in the state was softwood, while in 1909 the soft- wood varieties constituted only 59.4 per cent of the total. In 1909 naore lumber was sawed from hemlock than from any other species, the quantity being 162,784 M feet board measure, or 23.9 per cent of the entire production. Spruce and white pine were next in order, with 127,864 M feet and 104,658 M feet, respectively. While 11 varieties of hardwood lumber were reported in 1909, maple, beech, oak, and basswood, ranking in the order named, were the species cut in largest quantities, and together contributed 68.6 per cent of the total output of hardwood lumber in New York in that year Flour- mill and gristmill products. — ^New York ranks first among the states in the quantity of corn, buck- wheat, and oats ground during 1909, third in that of wheat and rye, and sixth in that of barley. The fol- lowing table shows the quantity and value of the dif- ferent products for 1909, 1904, and 1899: PEODDCT. 1909 1901 1899 $69,802,278 6,671,722 $35,530,639 24,906 $129,252 2,090,537 $5,967,943 226,992 $970,797 66,632,357 $1,724,854 1,530,356 $25,587 19,534,650 $289,941 637,270 $18,745,100 219,653 $4,990,333 $1,427,832 $54,546,436 6,637,588 $27,993,291 41,155 $184,592 3,004,226 $6,928,206 332,719 $1,424,315 66,234,663 $1,639,873 7,005,960 $96,844 82,614,004 $857,957 401,727 $10,354,492 220,375 $4,210,280 $856,585 $35,930,493 Wheat flour: WUte— Value Graham- ■ $18,669,427 Value Com meal and com flour: 2,937,282 Value $5,530,464 236,495 $770,651 Rye flour: Barrels Buckwheat flour: Founds. - 37,364,585 $811,260 Value Barley meal: Pounds. 5,191,778 Value $66,491 Homtny and grits: Pounds 607,400 Value $6,389 Feed: 451,309 $8,238,479 Value Oflal: Tons 113,927 Value $1,705,932 $231,410 Wheat flour, which contributed slightly more than one-half of the total value of all products at each census, shows an increase of 17.9 per cent in quantity and 26.6 per cent in value for the period 1904-1909, as compared with an increase of 11.2 per cent in quan- tity and 51.7 per cent in value for the period 1899- 1904. The output of offal, which consists mainly of bran and middlings, the by-products from the flour mills, decreased three-tenths of 1 per cent in quantity from 1904 to 1909, but increased 18.5 per cent in value; for the earlier five-year period, however, it shows an increase of 93.4 per cent in quantity and 146.8 per cent in value. Feed, which consists largely of corn and oats ground together, was the second product in importance at each census, and shows an increase of 58.6 per cent in quantity and 81 per cent in value for the period 1904-1909; between 1899 and 1904, how- ever, there was a decrease in the output, though its value increased 25.7 per cent. The output of com meal and com flour increased in both quantity and value during the earlier five-year period, but decreased in both respects during the later period. Buckwheat flour shows an increase in both quantity and value of output for both periods, while the remaining products presented separately in the table show gains in both quantity and value for the period 1899-1904 and losses for the period 1904-1909, the greatest decreases being those shown for barley meal, amounting to 78.2 per' cent in quantity and 73.6 per cent in value. Of the 983 mills reported in 1909, 270 were engaged in milling wheat flour. Of these, 105 produced less than 1,000 barrels during the year; 86, from 1,000 to 4,999 barrels; 49, from 5,000 to 19,999 barrels; 19, from 20,000 to 99,999 barrels; and 11, 100,000 barrels or over. The equipment reported in 1909 consisted mainly of 3,873 pairs of rolls and 1,111 runs of stone and steel burrs. In 1904 there were 4,200 pairs of roUs and 1,326 runs of stone and steel burrs. Barrels were manufactured by 9 of the establishments reported in 1909. Paper and wood pulp. — Of the total of 178 paper and pulp mills in the state in 1909, 27 were engaged exclusively in the manufacture of wood pulp, 100 made paper only, and 51 produced both pulp and paper. The wood pulp manufactured in mills producing pulp exclusively was used largely as material by the paper miUs of the state, and to the extent that it was so used its value represents a duplication both in the total cost of materials and in the total value of products shown for the industry. The following table gives the quantity and cost of the principal materials used in the industry during 1909, 1904, and 1899: MATERIAL. Total cost Pulp wood Wood pulp, purchased: Tons Cost Ground- Tons Cost Sulphite fiber- Tons Cost Other chemical fiber-— Tons Cost , Rags, including cotton and fiax waste and sweeping: Tons Cost Old or waste paper: Tons Cost Manila stock, including jute bagging, rope, waste, threads, etc.: Tons Cost Fuel and rent of power All other materials 1909 $31,767,283 $9,667,765 331,143 $10,075,729 150,844 $3,202,648 162,847 $6,167,218 17,452 $716,863 27,809 $493,271 155,436 $2,000,335 11,952 $429,368 $3,028,118 $6,072,697 1904 $22,806,751 $6,530,006 264,862 $7,012,081 111,082 $1,942,151 145,974 $4,801,063 7,806 $268,867 21,056 $335,503 101,472 $1,167,592 23,119 $554,335 $2,293,285 $4,912,949 1899 $14,663,222 $3,208,522 189,519 $4,595,014 93,749 $1,485,176 66,760 $2,519,066 29,001 $690,772 17,899 $420,870 a, 691 $564,463 23,673 $646,776 $1,438,952 $3,688,626 The cost of pulp wood shows an increase of $3,137,759, or 48.1 per cent, for the five-year period 1904-1909, as compared with an increase of $3,321,484, or 103.5 per cent, between 1899 and 1904; these figures, however, do not afford an entirely satisfactory index of the increase in the amount of wood con- sumed, as the price of wood advanced materially during the decade. In 1909 a total of 921,882 cords STATISTICS OF MANUFACTURES. 725 of pulp wood were used in the industry, of which imported spruce formed 44.3 per cent; domestic spruce, 41.7 per cent; domestic poplar, 5.7 per cent; and imported poplar, 1.9 per cent. The wood pulp purchased increased 66,281 tons, or 25 per cent, in quantity and $3,063,648, or 43.7 per cent, in cost from 1904 to 1909. In addition to the pulp purchased, 399,659 tons in 1909, 370,572 tons in 1904, and 180,336 tons in 1899 were used in the mills where manufactured. A substantial increase between 1904 and 1909 was reported in the cost of ajl the other classes of materials shown in the table, with the exception of manila stock, which was the only class to show a decrease in quantity. The quantity and value of the different products manufactured during the last three census years are shown in the following table: PBODUCT. 1909 1901 1899 $48,859,610 374', 808 $14,662,246 365,156 $13,842,676 19,653 $819,569 68,717 $4,667,173 160,098 $7,724,244 17,347 $1,045,376 18,951 $696,468 79,962 $4,206,208 33,848 $1,777,193 141, 467 $5,105,735 23,767 $948, 796 5,477 $144,844 112,233 $4,012,095 30,049 $2,786,101 62, 179 $2,865,839 21,743 $826,681 41, 187 $1,344,042 279,876 $8,820,696 100,383 $1,859,391 146,256 $6,586,136 33,236 $1,376,169 $167,854 679,534 405,376 234,717 39,441 $37,750,605 347,546 $13,465,093 330,423 $12,719,853 17,123 $745,240 33,667 $2,381,336 167, 186 $7,180,993 20,888 $980,273 12,741 $466,846 76,262 $3,359,980 48,296 $2,373,894 90,094 $3,347,317 11,011 $508,000 3(230 $256,843 71,853 $2,583,474 18, 101 $1,764,911 42,722 $1,978,660 10,963 $352,621 19,861 $1,229,579 235,442 $5,621,342 128,695 $1,921,371 89,368 $3,076,740 17,379 $623,231 $428,863 606,014 379,029 200,019 26,966 $26,715,628 News paper: Tons 204, 957 Value $6,879,013 162, 153 In rolls- Tons Value $5,405,462 In sheets- Tons 42,804 Value... $1,.473,561 Book, cover, plate, and coated paper: Tons 31,461 Value . $2, 029, 074 Wrapping paper: Tons 157,385 Value . $7,468,186 Manila (rope, jute, tag, etc.)— 22,760 Value . $1,419,669 Heavy (mill wrappers, etc.)— 38,556 Value .. . $2,164,495 Bogus or wood manila— Tons 74,724 Value..., $3,092,370 All other- Tons , 21,346 Value . $789, 661 Boards: 40,394 Value $1,368,685 Wood pulp- 12, 133 Value $411,665 News- 3,775 Value $103,316 All other- 24,486 Value $853,614 Tissues: 8,415 Value $768,945 Hanging papers: 39,693 Value $1,562,465 Building, roofing, asbestos, and sheath- ing paper: Tons 8,044 Value $260,051 All other paper products: 15,163 $1,083,967 Wood pulp made for sale or for consump- tion in mills other than where pro- duced: 214,299 $5,232,461 Ground- 122,607 $1,896,783 Sulphite fiber- 76,658 Value $2, 779, 922 Soda fiber- 16,034 Value ■ $555, 746 $64,892 Wood pulp produced (including that used in mUls where manufactured), 394,635 245,293 124, 996 24,346 75140°— 13 47 News paper was the principal product of the in- dustry in 1909 and 1904, its value constituting 30 per cent of the total for aU products in 1909, 35.7 per cent in 1904, and 25.7 per cent in 1899. Among the dif- ferent paper products, the largest increase in value from 1899 to 1904 was that of 16,586,080 reported for news paper, whereas from 1904 to 1909 the largest gain was that of $2,185,837 in the value of book, cover, plate, and coated paper. Of the total output of hews paper manufactured in 1899, 79.2 per cent was in rolls, while in 1904 and 1909 the propor- tions were 95.1 per cent and 94.8 per cent, respec- tively. News boards and the wrapping paper in- cluded under the head of "All other" are the only paper products which show losses in both quantity and value from 1904 to 1909, although the output of manila wrapping paper shows a decrease in quantity alone. In 1909 New York contributed 31.3 per cent of the total value of the news paper manufactured in the United States, 21.3 per cent of the value of the bo^s or wood manila wrapping paper, and 32.6 per cent of the value of the tissues. Of the total quantity of wood pulp manufactured in the state in 1909, including that used in the mills where it was made, 59.7 per cent was ground wood pulp, 34.5 per cent sulphite fiber, and 5.8 per cent soda fiber, whUe in 1899, 62.2 per cent of the total quantity was ground wood pulp, 31.7 per cent was sulphite fiber, and 6.2 per cent soda fiber, a com- parison of the figures showing a slight increase in the proportion of sulphite fiber during the decade. Fifty-eight and eight-tenths per cent of the pidp manufactured in 1909 was used in the mills where it was made, as compared with 61.1 per cent in 1904 and 45.7 per cent in 1899. Of the pulp manu- factured for sale or for use in other mills lq 1909, 35.9 percent was ground wood pulp, while 52.3 per cent was sulphite fiber, and 11.9 per cent was soda fiber. In 1904 and 1899, however, ground wood pulp constituted more than one-half the total quantity of pulp manu- factured for sale. The figures given in the table show that there has been a marked increase, especially since 1904, in the amount of sulphite and soda fiber manu- factured for sale, and a considerable decrease in the amount of ground wood pulp, though the total amount of each kind of pulp manufactured shows an increase throughout the decade. The value of sulphite fiber constituted more than one-half the total value of pulp manufactured for sale in each census year, amounting in 1909 to 63.3 per cent. The first table on the following page shows the number and capacity of the Fourdrinier and cylinder machines used in the paper mills, and of the grinders and digesters used in the pulp mills in 1909, 1904, and 1899. The number of paper machines increased from 290 in 1904 to 331 in 1909, while their annual capacity increased 215,174 tons, or 24.4 per cent, during the 726 SUPPLEMENT FOR NEW YORK. same time; from 1899 to 1904 the increase in the num- ber of machines was relatively small, but their ca- pacity increased 44.1 per cent. Fourdrinier machines formed more than half the total number in 1904 and 1899, but in 1909 they were considerably outnum- bered by the cylinder machines, which are generally used in the manufacture of tissue paper, boards, and certain other special kinds of paper. The average capacity of the Fourdrinier machines, however, was more than twice as great as that of the cylinder ma- chines, so that the former stiU represented in 1909 more than two-thirds of the total paper-making capacity. The number of pulp grinders decreased somewhat from 1904 to 1909, but their yearly capacity increased 118,733 tons, or 21 per cent; the number of sulphite digesters increased from 84 to 93, and their capacity increased 75,338 tons, or 32.3 per cent; and the number of soda digesters remained unchanged, while their capacity increased 12,161 tons, or 37.4 per cent. Paper machines: Total number Cai)acity, yearly, tons Foardilnier— Number Capacity per 24 hours, tons Cylinder— Number Capacity per 24 hours, tons Fulp ec[uipment: Grinders, number Digesters, total number Sulphite, number Soda, number Capacity, yearly, tons of pulp, total- Ground Sulphite Soda 1909 1904 331 290 1,096,094 880,920 153 1.65 2,475 2,230 178 135 1,124 815 500 536 114 105 93 84 21 21 1,038,741 832,509 685,436 566,703 308,622 233,284 44,683 32,522 1899 266 611, 179 139 (') (■) 127 449 82 m 495,668 m m ' Not reported. Boots and shoes.- number of pairs of the various kinds of boots and shoes manufactured during 1909, 1904, and 1899: * Not reported separately. -The following table shows the NUMBER OF PAIRS. 1909 1901 1899 20,105,346 3,853,855 745,527 10,141,133 5,364,831 2,518,469 701,3.66 1,817,113 3,797,675 2,116,961 19,010,064 5,576,787 1,266,183 7,174,649 4,993,445 2,037,412 393,968 1,643,444 2,779,814 16,521,347 3,870,221 1,402,066 5,896,367 5,362,693 1, 667, 410 Men's Women's ... Slippers 435,216 Women's, misses', and children's Tnff^Tits' shops f^TiH slippArs. , , 1,232,195 1,265,166 All rtthpr Irinrls nf fnnt^pj^r ' Not reported separately. This table indicates that 20,105,346 pairs of boots and shoes and 2,518,469 pairs of slippers, or 8.1 per cent and 14.4 per cent of the respective totals for the United States, were manufactured in New York in 1909, these figures representing increases of 5.8 per cent and 23.6 per cent, respectively, as compared with 1904. The production of women's boots and shoes increased 41.3 per cent between 1904 and 1909, and that of misses' and children's boots and shoes 7.4 per cent. On the other hand, a decrease of 30.9 per cent occurred in the output of men's boots and shoes, and a decrease of 41.1 per cent in that of boys' and youths' boots and shoes. With the exception of the footwear included under the head of "AU other kinds of foot- wear," which comprises, for the most part, sandals and bath slippers, the remaining classes in the table show substantial gains for this period. The following table shows the number of pairs of the various kinds of footwear made in 1909, classified according to the methods used in their manufacture: Boots and shoes Men's Boys' and youths' Women's Misses' and children's . . . Slippers Men'Sjboys'.and youths' . Women's, misses', and children's Infants' shoes and slippers... All other kinds of footwear. . NUMBER OF PAIRS, BY METHOD OF MANUFACTURE. Total. 20,105,346 3,853,855 745,527 10,141,133 5,364,831 2,518,469 701,356 1,817,113 3, 797, 675 2,116,961 Machine or hand welt. 7,399,540 1,128,606 204,662 4,906,261 1,161,211 360,670 73,847 286,823 291,842 789, 192 Turned. 5,070,057 (.') C) 2,330,233 2,739,824 621,300 146,395 474,905 3,446,029 163,066 McKay. 5,374,211 707,943 296,833 2,906,639 1,463,796 1,623,174 479,856 1,043,318 22,203 763,103 All other methods.! 2,261,538 2,017,406 244,132 13,325 1,258 12,067 37,601 401,600 1 Includes wire-screw or metal-fastened, and wooden-pegged. 2 Included under "All other methods." Of the total number of pairs of boots and shoes man- ufactured in New York in 1909, 36.8 per cent were ma- chine or hand welt sewed, 26.7 per cent were McKay sewed, 25.2 per cent were turned, and 11.2 per cent manufactured by other methods, the latter class com- prising wire-screw or metal-fastened, and wooden- pegged shoes. More than half of the total number of men's boots and shoes were of the last-mentioned types. About two-fifths of the boys' and youths' boots and shoes and more than half of the slippers were manufactured by the McKay process. Almost half of the women's boots and shoes were made by the machine or hand welt process, and more than half of the misses' and children's boots and shoes, together with nearly all of the infants' shoes and slippers, were turned. Butter, cheese, and condensed milk. — The quantity of milk used in this industry increased from 2,309,- 599,597 pounds in 1899 to 2,722,580,187 pounds in 1904, but decreased to 2,422,727,788 pounds in 1909, whereas the quantity of cream used increased from 2,496,730 pounds in 1899 to 6,176,069 pounds in 1904 and 17,842,320 pounds in 1909. Owing to the impor- tance of the condensed-milk branch of the industry in the state, the quantity of milk used by all branches of the industry combined has not decreased as rapidly since 1904 as it has done in most other states. The quantity of milk used in the butter-making branch of the industry, however, has decreased decidedly on ac- count of the radical change in the method of handling milk which has taken place in the last decade. For- merly it was a common practice for the farmer to sell STATISTICS OF MANUFACTURES. 727 the whole milk to the creamery, but now the milk is usually separated on the farm and only the cream is sold. Of the 1,552 establishments included in this industry in 1909, 512 used separators, whereas 705 of the 1,766 plants in operation during 1904 reported such machinery. The number of separators in these estab- lishments in 1909 was 1,065, as against 1,219 in 1904. The quantity and value of the different products for 1909, 1904, and 1899 are presented in the followmg table: PKODUCT. 1909 1904 1899 Total valne $42,468,345 4,5,897,216 $13,471,482 31,481,828 $9,127,057 14,415,388 $4,344,425 105,194,898 $14,266,924 89,056,411 $12,502,997 7,171,365 $778,770 4,455,681 $291,246 4,512,441 $693,911 120,601,999 $9,428,283 87,658,031 $7,576,218 32,943,968 $1,853,065 27,078,783 $3,481,296 6,712,971 $482,308 $1,328,052 $31,047,776 58,256,504 $12,316,059 46,208,732 $9,522,572 12,047,772 $2,793,487 132,836,482 $10,812,747 i:i ^] ^] 102,480,355 $6,718,380 78,149,608 $5,433,668 24,330,847 $1,284,712 5,072,920 $428,941 6,736,506 $310,953 $460, 696 $26,557,888 40,693,846 $8,087,210 33,068,820 $6,471,515 7,625,026 $1,615,695 127,386,032 $12,226,783 Butter: Pound's Value Packed solid- Pounds.... Value Prints or rolls- Pounds Value Cheese: Pounds Value Full-cream— Value Part-cream — Value 'i Skimmed- Value 1 Other kinds- Value 1 Condensed milk: Pounds 75,447,148 $4,801,223 75,447,148 $4,801,223 Value Sweetened— PonndR. . . , , Value Unsweetened- Value Cream sold: Pounds 11,943,408 $784,623 6,223,085 $154,272 $503,777 Value Casein: Pounds Value All other products 2 1 Not reported separately. 2 Includes skimmed milk sold and whey. Cheese was the most important product, as meas- ured by value, in 1909 and 1899, and butter the lead- ing product in 1904. The total value of cheese repre- sented 33.6 per cent of the total value of products for the industry in 1909, and that of butter 31.7 per cent; for 1904 the corresponding percentages were 34.8 and 39.7, while for 1899 they were 46 and 30.5, respec- tively. The output of cheese increased in quantity but decreased in value from 1899 to 1904, while from 1904 to 1909, though it decreased 20.8 per cent in quantity it increased 31.9 per cent in value. From 1899 to 1904 both the total quantity and the total value of butter increased decidedly, but from 1904 to 1909 its value increased much less rapidly and its quantity decreased more than one-fifth. The total output of condensed mil k increased substantially in both quantity and value during the decade. The proportions which the values of these three classes of products for the state formed of the corre- sponding totals for the United States in 1909 were as follows: Cheese, 33 per cent; butter, 7.6 per cent; and condensed milk, 28.1 per cent. Measured by value of products. New York held first place among the states in the manufacture of condensed milk, sec- ond in the manufacture of cheese, and fourth in the manufacture of butter. Gas, illuminating and heating. — ^The following table shows the quantity and cost of the different materials used in the gas industry during 1909 and 1904: Total cost Coal: Tons Cost Coke: Tons Cost Oil: Gallons Cost Calcium carbide: Pounds Cost Gas, purchased Fuel for boilers and retorts Lamps and appliances All other materials 1909 $15,018,406 1,275,404 $4,305,405 101,012 $330,338 171,212,040 $5,578,560 897,350 $27,489 $2,965,563 $384,712 $986,370 1901 $10,940,401 1,159,196 $3,934,231 37,274 $77,052 128,365,316 $6,609,761 31,600 $1,251 $62,151 $388,370 (■) $967,585 1 Figures not available. Oil was the most important material used, both in 1909 and in 1904, contributing 37.1 per cent of the total cost of materials for the industry in the later year and 50.4 per cent in the earlier. Although the quantity used in 1909 was practically one-third more than in 1904, the cost was but slightly greater. The material next in importance was coal, the cost of which rep- resented 28.7 per cent of the cost of all materials in 1909 and 36 per cent in 1904. The quantity used increased 116,208 tons, or 10 per cent, and its cost $371,174, or 9.4 per cent, during the five-year period. Although contributing a very small proportion of the total cost of materials, calcium carbide, which is used in the manufacture of acetylene gas, shows the greatest relative gain in quantity, and also, with the exception of gas purchased, in cost. A number of companies manufacturing gas within the state purchase consider- able quantities of gas for distribution from other New York gas companies, such purchases amounting in 1909 to 6,289,180,000 cubic feet and costmg $2,965,663. These figures, in a measure, represent the extent of duplication in the industry for the year. The decrease in cost shown for "All other materials" is due largely to the fact that in 1904 this class included lamps and appliances, which were reported separately in 1909. The quantity and value of the different products manufactured durmg 1909 and 1904 are shown in the first table on the following page. The total quantity of all kinds of gas reported in 1909 was 45,768,354,000 cubic feet, valued at $34,- 851,565, as compared with 34,180,625,000 cubic feet, valued at $33,483,741, in 1904, an increase of 11,587,729,000 cubic feet, or 33.9 per cent, in quantity, and an increase of $1,367,824, or 4.1 per cent, in value. 728 SUPPLEMENT FOR NEW YORK. PEODUCT. 1909 1901 Total value $42,316,726 45,768,354 $34,851,565 6,268,297 $4,267,355 34,759,676 $26,704,625 4,603,866 $3,490,211 134,167 $322,878 3,488 $48,837 8,860 $17,659 17,509,858 $1,163,509 115,304,307 $312,749 $4,984,977 $1,033,926 $36,311,903 34,180,625 $33,483,741 2,277,537 $2,084,077 22,336,001 $18,569,697 9,261,881 $12,518,259 Gas: Cubic feet, thousands Value Straight coal- Value Carbureted water- Cubic feet, thousands ........ . Value Mixed- Value Oil- Cubic feet, thousands Value Acetylene- $2,014 1,892 $3,424 11,839,567 $732,712 13,334,182 $317,214 $152,823 $628,413 All other- Value Coke: Bushels Tar: Value All other products 1 In addition, 6,439,961 gallons were reported without value. Carbureted water gas formed more than three-fourths of the total quantity of gas reported in 1909, its pro- duction having increased 12,423,675,000 cubic feet, or 55.6 per cent, from 1904 to 1909; the value of this gas constituted 52.6 per cent of the total value of aU prod- ucts in the former year, and 63.1 per cent in the latter. Straight coal gas was second in importance in 1909, although in 1904 mixed gas ranked second in both quantity and value. During this period the output of straight coal gas increased 3,980,760,000 cubic feet, or 174.8 per cent, and its value $2,183,278, or 104.8 per cent. The quantity of mixed gas and of oil gas decreased more than one-half from 1904 to 1909 ; acety- lene gas, on the other hand, shows a remarkable in- crease, although the output was comparatively small even in 1909. There was a substantial increase during the five years in the output of coke produced for sale, and of tar, the former increasing 6,670,291 bushels, or 47.9 per cent, and the latter 1,970,125 gallons, or 14.8 per cent. Iron and steel, steel works and rolling mills. — The next table shows the quantity and the cost of the principal classes of materials and the quantity and value of the main groups of products reported by the steel works and rolling mUls of New York for 1909, 1904, and 1899. Pig iron and ferroalloys (spiegeleisen, ferroman- ganese, etc.), constituted the most important group of materials used in 1909 and 1904, as regards both the tonnage and cost, but a slightly larger cost was reported for scrap iron in 1899. The cost of pig iron and the other materials included in this group formed 58.3 per cent of the total cost of materials used in 1909, as compared with 51.3 per cent in 1904 and 29.2 per cent in 1899. From 1904 to 1909 there was a general increase in the tonnage of each of the three main groups of materials used, as well as in the cost of each class of materials shown in the table, the largest relative gains in both respects being shown for the group comprising ingots, blooms, etc. In addi- tion to the scrap iron and steel shown in the table, which was acquired from outside sources, a little over 200,000 tons produced in the works themselves during 1909 were charged back into the furnaces. Kolled, forged, and other classified products, which contributed 85.8 per cent of the total value of products for the industry in both 1909 and 1904, and 88.6 per cent in 1899, show an increase from 1904 to 1909 of 486,645, or 85.5 per cent, in tonnage, and $15,705,046, or 86.2 per cent, in value. The total production of steel in the state in 1909 was 1,115,250 tons and in 1904 474,258 tons, a little more than half being manufac- tured by the Bessemer process. Of the steel product for 1909, 1,088,840 tons were in ingots, of which 1,087,518 tons were converted into rolled forms in the works where produced, and 26,410 tons were in castings. MATERIAL OE PEODUCT. 1909 1901 1899 Materials, total cost $26,889,170 947,541 $15,087,647 183,112 $3,239,711 96,691 $1,874,919 2,170,165 3,516,728 $39,632,411 1,055,968 $33,921,048 $5,611,366 $13,260,039 506,902 $6,800,549 156,985 $2,181,434 24,811 $676,995 1,577,541 2,023,520 $21,227,399 569,323 $18,216,002 $3,011,397 $1,163,066 69,290 $1,218,071 68,058 $1,257,237 25,997 $695,835 471,663 Pig iron and ferroalloys- spiegeleisen, ferromanganese, etc.s. Cost Scrap, purchased, including old rails not intended for rerolling: » Tons Cost Ingots, blooms^ billets, slabs, muck and scrap bar, rails for rerolling, and sheet and tin-plate bars: Tons Cost Fuel and rent of power 525,249 $8,812,408 Products, total value . . Boiled, forged, and other classified prod- ucts: TnTiR 137,981 Value $7,809,118 $1,003,290 All other products, including value ad- ded to rolling-mill prodiuits by further 1 Includes scrap transferred to the establishment reporting from other works of the company. Iron and steel, blast fnmaces. — ^The following table shows the quantity and value of pig iron produced in the years 1909, 1904, and 1899, together with the value of the other products of the blast-furnace in- dustry in those years : Total value Pig Iron: Tons Value AU other products Pi^ iron, clasiified by grades, tons. Bessemer Basic Foundry Forge or mill Malleable Bessemer Another 1909 $26,620,948 1,717,091 $26,596,413 $24,535 622,115 262,846 629,905 48,446 107,973 45,806 1901 $8,631,737 609,588 $8,411,946 $222,791 225,414 4,669 275,104 34,403 34,848 35,150 1899 $6, 046, 146 334,512 $5,042,550 $3,595 291,993 38,699 3,820 The production of pig iron increased remarkably during the decade 1899-1909, the actual gain from 1899 to 1904 being 275,076, or 82.2 per cent, in ton- nage, and $3,369,396, or 66.8 per cent, in value, and from 1904 to 1909, 1,107,503, or 181.7 per cent, in STATISTICS OF MANUFACTURES. 729 tonnage, and $18,184,467, or 216.2 per cent, in value. Of the 1909 product, all of which was coke iron, 770,429 tons were manufactured for use in the plants of the producing companies, and 946,662 tons were produced for sale. The leading grade of pig iron manufactured during each of the three census years was that for foundry purposes, which formed 36.7 per cent of the total production in 1909, 45.1 per cent in 1904, and 87.3 per cent in 1899. No Bessemer pig iron was reported in 1899, but it was second in importance both in 1909 and in 1904, the output amounting to 622,115 tons in 1909, as compared with 225,414 tons in 1904. There were 19 active furnaces in 1909, of which 17 were located in the western part of the state, in Erie, Niagara, and Monroe Counties, and 2 in the Cham- plain district. The western group of furnaces used Lake Superior ores, while those of the Champlain district used ores mined in the neighborhood. Four furnaces of the Lackawanna Steel Company having a daily capacity of 600 tons each are included in the western group. This is the largest size of furnace in use, there being only five others in the United States having this capacity. Chemicals. — ^The following table shows the quantity and value of the more important chemicals and groups of chemicals manufactured during 1909, 1904, and 1899: Total value. Acids Sodas Soda ash- Tons Value Salsoda^ Tons Value Bicarbonate of soda — Tons Value Other soda products Alums Coal-tar products Bleaching materials Chemical substances produced by the aid of electricity Plastics Compressed and liquefied gases Fine chemicals; Silver salts- Ounces - - ■ Value Chloroform — Pounds Value All other Glycerin: ^ Pounds Value Cream of tartar: Pounds Value Other chemicals. . . All other products. 1909 $35,346,072 $2,551,874 $6,079,225 142,131 $2,271,513 37,106 $437,531 49,306 $866,836 $2,503,345 $454,523 $198,510 $916,627 $12,918,719 $566,005 $619,304 459, 149 $199, 130 1,647,606 $417,204 $1,464,947 19,871,614 $2,766,879 13,309,612 $2,604,869 $2,707,903 $990,453 1304 $23,021,706 $1,101,874 $5,542,930 173,721 $2,816,718 35,824 $498,361 44,247 $587, 698 $1,641,163 $87,000 $567,774 $4,784,640 $2,636 $490,316 467,051 $161, 179 150,000 $50,127 $2,472,246 8,000,000 $1,120,000 11,553,660 $2,263,872 $1,766,703 $2,610,408 1899 I $16, 994, 366 $444,510 $4,921,144 167,662 $2,066,422 28.095 $357,303 43,812 $885,003 $1,612,416 $693,070 $43,300 $340,612 $1,102,481 $226,452 325.121 $120, 104 62,540 $31,270 $324,124 8,000,000 $1,120,000 4,800,000 $960,000 $53,275 '$5,714,024 1 Including sulphuric, nitric, and mixed acids and wood distillation products '"'"^ot to(?lud?^' 8 955,960 pounds, valued at $1,212,606, in 1909, and 3,432,516 pounds, valued at $383,885, in 1904, produced in the state by manufacturers of soap. The chemical substances produced by the aid of elec- tricity formed the most important group in respect to value, in 1909, and show the largest actual gams, the value having increased $3,682,159, or 334 per cent, from 1899 to 1904, and $8,134,079, or 170 per cent, from 1904 to 1909. The value of these products constituted 36.5 per cent of the total value of all products reported for the industry in the state in 1909, as compared with 20.8 per cent in 1904, and 6.9 per cent in 1899. The remarkable growth in the manufacture of this group of products in New York is due largely to the extensive utilization of water power in the western part of the state for the generation of electric current. The value of this group of products manufactured in New York during 1909 represented nearly three-fourths of the total value of such products for the United States. The principal substances constituting this group in 1909 were aluminum (which is obtained exclusively by the electrolytic process), calcium carbide, hypochlorites, caustic soda, sodium, chlorates, phosphorus, and car- borundum. The next group in importance in point of value in 1909 consisted of sodas, the total value of which in- creased $621,786, or 12.6 per cent, from 1899 to 1904, and $536,295, or 9.7 per cent, from 1904 to 1909. Soda ash was the most important single item of the group, and bicarbonate of soda the second. It is noteworthy that the quantity and value of soda ash and the value of sal soda decreased from 1904 to 1909. This group of products was the most important in 1904, but since that period has been superseded by "chemical substances produced by the aid of elec- tricity." Glycerin and cream of tartar represented the largest values of any of the chemicals shown separately in the table in 1909. The output of glycerin in New York (by the estabhshments engaged primarily in the manufacture of chemicals) shows an increase from 1904 to 1909 of 11,871,614 pounds, or 148.4 per cent, in quantity and $1,646,879, or 147 per cent, in value. Nearly all of the cream of tartar manufactured in the United States during 1909 was made in New York. The most decided relative increase from 1904 to 1909 was in the value of plastics. The manufacture of plastics in New York is a comparatively new in- dustry, for the total output in 1904 was valued at only $2,636, whereas in 1909 it reached $556,005, of which the value of casein, fibrin, or gluten composi- tions represented 95.3 per cent. Chloroform also shows large relative gains in quantity and value. In addition to those shown in the above table, chemicals valued at $1,835,321 were produced iuci- dentally during 1909 by 17 establishments primarily engaged in the manufacture of products classified under other industry designations. Mnsical instruments, pianos and organs and mate- rials. — ^The nmnber and value of the different classes of instruments manufactured during 1909, 1904, and 1899 are shown in the first table on the following page. A total of 141,389 pianos were made ia. 1909, an increase of 39,357, or 38.6 per cent, over the number 730 SUPPLEMENT FOR NEW YORK. reported in 1904, which, in turn, was 42 per cent greater than the number reported in 1899. The value of pianos constituted 70.6 per cent of the total value of products for the industry in 1909, 71.3 per cent in 1904, and 80.4 per cent in 1899. By far the greater part of the pianos were uprights without player attachments, this class showing a substantial increase both in number and in value for both five-year periods. The growth in the production of pianos for or with player attachments, however, has been remarkable, the number having increased from 83 in 1899 to 1,506 in 1904 and 18,917 in 1909. Comparatively few organs were made in the state during any one of the three census years. The nunjber dropped from 1,774 in 1899 to 58 in 1904, but advanced to 275 during the next five-year period. Of these instruments, all in 1904 and nearly all in 1909 were pipe organs. There were 1,701 reed organs manufactured in 1899, but none were reported ia 1904 and only 30 in 1909. Both in 1904 and 1909 the value of parts and materials con- stituted a considerable proportion of the total value of products. The major portion of this amount repre- sents the value'of the output of independent establish- ments manufacturing cases and other parts of instru- ments which were used as materials in the instrument factories of the state, so that their value was counted again as a part of the value of the finished pianos and organs and thus represents a duphcation in the total cost of materials and value of products for the industry. PRODUCT. 1909 1901 1899 $33,679,953 141,389 $23,771,763 137,091 S21,401,242 118, 174 816,777,094 18,917 $4,624,148 4,298 $3,370,521 2,789 $829,405 275 $334,673 245 $330,373 30 $4,200 $7,276,182 $1,468,030 $23,389,504 102,032 $16,684,911 98,491 $14,819,717 96,985 $14,605,035 1,506 $314,682 3,541 $1,865,194 2,672 $321,865 58 $133,471 58 $133,471 $14,746,431 71,855 $11,862,257 69 274 Pianos: Number.. Value Upright— Number Value $10,899,392 69, 191 $10, 876, 742 Without player attachments- Value For or with player attachments- 83 Value $22,650 Grand- 2,581 Value $962,865 Player attachments made separate from pianos: Value Organs: 1,774 Value $279, 941 Pipe- 73 Value $216, 120 Eeed- Number 1,701 Value $63,821 Parts and materials $5,142,812 $1,106,445 $2,604,233 1 Not reported separately. Automobiles, including bodies and parts. — The next table shows the number and value of the differ- ent classes of machines manufactured during 1909 and 1904. During 1909, 8,064 automobiles, valued at $17,509,- 582, were made in the automobile factories of New York, as compared with 1,808 automobiles, valued at $3,071,093, in 1904, the number in 1909 being over four times as great and the value nearly six times as great as in 1904. Of the automobiles manufactured va. 1909, 7,529, or 93.4 per cent of the total number, were propelled by gasoline, as compared with 1,496, or 82.7 per cent of the total, in 1904. There were 7,447 passenger automobiles made in 1909, of which 5,440 were touring cars, and 617 business vehicles, of which 475 were trucks and 139 were delivery wagons. Dur- ing the five-year period the number of gasoline auto- mobiles increased 403.3 per cent, while those propelled by electricity and steam increased only 71.5 per cent. The most noteworthy increase in the different classes of vehicles manufactured was in touring cars, which show an increase from 421 in 1904 to 5,440 in 1909. Of the 8,064 automobiles manufactured in 1909, 686 were rated at less than 10 horsepower; 1,410, at 10 but less than 20 horsepower; 1,089, at 20 but less than 30 horsepower; 4,198, at 30 but less than 50 horsepower; 666, at 50 but less than 90 horsepower; and 15, at 90 horsepower or over. Of the 126,593 automobiles made in the United States during 1909 by the establishments engaged primarily in this industry, 6.4 per cent were made in New York. 1909 1904 Number. Value. Number. Value. Total vaine 1 $30,979,627 17,509,582 16,446,788 1,062,794 16,332,669 12,296,292 1,835,659 2,093,020 107,698 1,176,913 282,989 893,924 13,469,945 $4,260,164 Ant;oTnnhilRs 8,064 7,529 535 7,447 5,440 1,304 667 36 617 139 478 1,808 1,496 S312 1,650 421 1,120 3,071,093 Gasoline . . 2,169,093 902,000 2, 530, 136 Passenger vehicles . . 1,022,582 1,222,554 Runabouts and buggies All other (omnibuses, patrol waeons, etc.) . 109 158 77 81 285,008 540,957 Delivery wagons. . 191, 457 Trucks and all other All other products, including repair work ... 349,500 1,189,071 ' In addition, 39 automobiles, valued at $110,168, and bodies and parts, valued at $527,863, were manufactured by establishments engaged primarily m the manu- facture of other commodities. 2 Includes 5 steam touring cars. The products included under the head of "All other products " at the census of 1909, the value of which amounted to $13,469,945, or 43.6 per cent of the total for all products, consisted largely of automobile bodies and parts manufactured by establishments where no finished vehicles were produced. It has been the practice to segregate the manufacture of the different parts to a considerable extent and to distribute the various processes among different establishments. As these partly manufactured products became the materials for other establishments which assemble the parts and produce the complete vehicle, there was a duplication, approximately equivalent to the value of such bodies and parts used in the factories of the state, in the total cost of materials and value of prod- ucts reported for the industry. STATISTICS OF MANUFACTURES. 731 Paint and varnish. — The quantity and value of the different products for 1909, 1904, and 1899 are shown in the following table : Total value Pigments: White lead, dry- Pounds Value Oxides ol lead- Pounds Value Lamp and other carbon blacks- Pounds Value Iron oxides and other earth colors- Pounds Value Dry colors, including vermilion and other fine colors- Pounds Valiie Barytes— Pounds Value Pulp colors sold moist- Pounds Value Paints: White lead In oil- Pounds Value Paints in oil, in paste- Pounds Value Paints in oil, already mixed for use — Gallons Value Varnishes and japans Oleoresinous varnishes — Gallons Value Spirit varnishes- Gallons Value Pyroxylin varnishes- Gallons Value All other varnishes Drying japans and lacquers. . Llquldfillers: Gallons Value Paste and dry fillers and putty: Pounds Value Water paints, dry: Pounds Value Linseed oil: Gallons Value Bleached sheUac: Pounds Value All other products. 1909 $28,559,474 12,173,520 $639,841 20,180,006 $1,181,264 532,700 $12,687 11,919,174 $190,666 44,039,112 $2,695,124 4,393,000 $23,167 14,020,681 $672,111 62,973,138 $3,766,227 21,463,365 $2,274,401 3,331,091 $3,618,181 6,199,289 $4,328,544 253,266 $306,681 372,689 $422,650 $1,305,376 $1,276,148 201, 232 $189,561 16,096,299 $420,390 25,490,405 3866, 169 1,436,964 $781,731 1,739,727 $368, 263 33,331,522 1904 $25,121,446 '74,518,249 ' $3,661,796 16,825,810 $822,933 27,040 $2,604 9,172,633 $64,565 24,679,202 $2,664,869 40,000 $400 14,776,079 $693,604 m 27,233,382 $2,273,822 3,947,600 $3,412,447 5,070,390 $4,173,126 323,696 $693,670 3,669 $3,758 $149,613 $831,873 188,014 3126,385 14,684,498 3390,704 23,336,015 3748,391 m m (.') (') 34,528,087 $18,878,292 139,109,000 '$547,440 12,426,000 $663,176 h 15,468,000 $121,634 42,695,643 $2,772,654 12,941,596 $580,623 r^ 68,999,820 $4,009,897 2,922,134 $2,908,441 4,928,208 $4,666,714 220,705 $401,428 102,777 $99,000 $1,074,113 (») m $1,034,372 1 Includes white lead in oil. 2 Not reported separately. A larger value was reported for oleoresinous var- nishes at each of the three censuses than for any other single product presented in the table, though in 1909 the combined value of white lead dry and white lead in oil was slightly greater. The value of this clas3 of varnishes was considerably less in 1909, however, than in 1899, a decrease of 10.6 per cent between 1899 and 1904 having been only partly made up by an increase (3.7 per cent) between 1904 and 1909. The quantity and value of white lead, both dry and in oil, manu- factured in New York in 1909 formed 22.6 per cent and 23 per cent, respectively, of the corresponding totals for this product in the United States. Other leading products, in the order of their importance in 1909 as measured by value, were paints in oU, already mixed for use, the pigments classified as dry colors, and paints in oil in paste. Of these five leading prod- ucts, all except dry colors show a gain from 1904 to 1909 ui value of output, and all except the paints in oil show an iacrease ia quantity. The largest absolute increase in value from 1904 to 1909 was that of $753,273, or 20.6 per cent, in the value of white lead dry and in oil combined, while the most striking in- crease in quantity was that of 19,959,910 pounds, or 80.9 per cent, in the output of dry colors. The most pronounced relative increase in quantity was reported for barytes, and in value, for pyroxylin varnishes. In addition to the various products reported in the preceding table for 1909, paint and varnish to the value of $806,814 were manufactured as secondary products by 15 establishments included under other classificar tions. These products consisted mainly of bleached sheUac, drying japans and dryers, and paiats in oil, ready for use. There were also 43,431,580 pounds of dry white lead, 737,214 gallons of varnish, and 170,249 pounds of lead oxide manufactured and used in fur- ther processes of manufacture within the paint and varnish establishments reporting. During 1909, 36,203 tons of pig lead, valued at $2,733,997; 46,520 gallons of grain alcohol, valued at $23,381; and 101,669 gallons of wood alcohol, valued at $49,906, were used in the manufacture of paint and varnish in the state. Leather, tanned, cnrried, and finished. — ^The quan- tity and cost of the different kinds of materials used in this industry during the last three census years are shown in the following table : MATERIAL. 1909 1904 1899 $20,940,733 11,639,467 310,473,699 9,781,180 $6,951,107 2,107,684 $2,761,764 6,491,352 $3,214,723 ! 1,182, 244 $984,620 $361,413 16,934 383,570 277,843 $3,154,614 $16,271,903 1,569,750 $7,804,223 9,962,469 $4,969,796 1,135,591 $1,083,158 7,124,420 $2, 708, 110 1,702,448 $1,178,628 $282,738 52,172 3180,147 102,691 $3,218,146 $17,424,300 2,000,132 $8,969,164 10,616,312 $4,893,981 1,048,722 31,126,963 6,666,810 Hides: Cost Skins: Number . Cost Calf and kip- Number.. Cost Sheep- Number Cost AU other- 2,801,780 $1,821,876 3418,080 111,300 3393,680 24,500 $3,143,075 Cost Sides- Number All other 1 Cattle hides only. 2 Includes horsehldes. Hides show a greater increase in cost during the five-year period 1904-1909 than any other of the mate- rials used, namely, $2,669,476, or 34.2 per cent, but the number used increased only 69,717, or 4.4 per cent. The cost of hides constituted 50 per cent of the total cost of all materials used in 1909, 48 per cent in 1904, and 51.5 per cent in 1899. Eight and nine-tenths per cent of the hides tanned in the United States during 1909 were tanned ia New York establishments. The largest relative increase in number from 1904 to 1909 is shown for calf and kip skins, while the largest de- crease is shown for sheepskins. 732 SUPPLEMENT FOR NEW YORK. The following table shows the quantity and value of the different products of this industry in 1909, 1904, and 1899: Total value Leather Sole Upper, other than colt, call, or kip skins Horsehides and colt skins- Number Value Calf and kip skins, tanned and fin- ished— Number Value Goatskins, tanned and finished — Number Value Sheepskins, tanned and finished- Number Value Harness — Sides Value Carriage, automobile, and furni- ture- Hides Value Trunk, bag, and pocketbook Glove Sold In rough All other All other products. '. Work on materials for others 1909 $27,642,383 25,859,801 5,933,249 85,825,075 91,887 $285,213 2, 106,084 $3,779,613 565,831 $407,876 3,469,260 $2,406,610 237, 198 $1,648,537 83,684 $851,065 $376,978 $2,074,701 $599,947 $1,671,047 $597,502 $1,185,080 1904 $21,642,945 19,265,208 4,027,072 $4,901,639 60,019 $159,998 1,122,832 $1,662,513 1,033,155 $922,035 4,768,772 $3,049,763 184,182 $995,947 31,637 $223,025 $109,834 $1,218,868 $836, 408 $1,158,106 $1,320,483 $1,057,254 1899 $23,205,991 21,883,703 4,655,818 $6,903,779 16 $76 990,213 $1,442,322 1,801,518 $1,898,957 2,997,036 $1,360,885 146,341 $765,500 9,061 $57, 177 $379,586 $1,860,388 $1,130,248 $1,428,907 $278,638 $1,043,650 The value of upper leather (exclusive of colt, calf, and kip skins) constituted a larger proportion of the total value of all products for the industry at the censuses of 1904 and 1899 than that of any other product, but by 1909 sole leather had taken the lead in this respect. For the five-year period 1904- 1909, tanned and finished calf and kip skins show the largest relative increase both in number and in value — 87.6 per cent and 127.3 per cent, respec- tively. During the same period both the number and the value of the tanned and finished goatskins and sheepskins decreased. In 1909 New York con- tributed 17.6 per cent of the total number of tanned and finished sheepskins, and 11.1 per cent of the tanned and finished calf and kip skins reported for the United States. In addition to that shown in the above table, leather valued at $2,357,587 was tanned and curried during 1909 by establishments which used it in further manufacture. The amount charged for tanning, currying, or finishing for others shows a shght increase both from 1899 to 1904 and from 1904 to 1909. The estimated value, after treatment, of the stock treated on a cus- tom basis for others than tanners, curriers, or finishers during 1909 was $7,286,944. If this amount be added to the total value of products, $27,642,383, reported for the industry, less the $1,185,080 received for work performed, the result, $33,744,247, will represent fairly the importance of the leather industry in the state. The statement which follows gives the quantity and estimated value of the products tanned, curried, or finished by the leather-manufacturing estabUshments of the state during the years 1909 and 1904 for others who w£re not tanners, curriers, or finishers: PRODUCT. 1909 190* Total estimated value of stock alter treat- ment $7,286,944 18,271 $169,189 1,827,426 $1,637,651 825 $6,600 172,800. $201,600 6,001,699 $5,272,004 $6,640,448 Tanned: Hides- Number 25,652 $40,836 Skins- 4,130,992 $2,438,060 Curried or finished: Sides— Splits- Number 3,765 $5,647 Skins- Number 4,346,862 $3,166,915 The number of hides tanned for others, exclusive of tanners, curriers, and finishers, in 1909 was less than three-fourths the number so treated in 1904, and the number of skins less than one-half the number in 1904. The number of sides, splits, and skins curried or fin- ished, however, increased. Soap. — ^The quantity and cost of the principal ma- terials used in the manufacture of soap during 1909 and 1904 are shown in the following table: 1909 1004 Total cost Tallow, grease, and other fats; Pounds Cost Cocoanut and palm-kernel oil Gallons Cost J Cottonseed oil: Gallons Cost Rosin: Pounds Cost Foots: Pounds Cost Caustic soda: Tons Cost Soda ash: Tons Cost Fuel and rent of power All other materials $15,612,382 98,083,852 $5,843,966 1,749,124 $883,258 4,237,007 $1,703,923 43,642,265 $939,230 9,825,800 $429,904 11,006 $449,716 24,958 $463, 162 $290,146 $4,609,088 $8,410,867 106,415,189 $4,133,261 907,794 $406,762 1,786,255 $637,969 34,527,676 $637,347 3,495,053 $139,489 13,928 $569,960 12,648 $236,517 $179,306 $1,570,366 Tallow, grease, and other fats, which at both cen- suses constituted the most important item, as meas- ured by cost, among the materials used, show for the five-year period a decrease of 7,331,337 pounds, or 7 per cent, in quantity, but an increase of $1,710,704, or 41.4 per cent, in cost. This class of materials repre- sented 37.4 per cent of the cost of all materials used in 1909 and 49.1 per cent in 1904. With the excep- tion of caustic soda, each of the remaining items shows an increase for the five-year period in both quantity and cost. The largest actual increase in cost reported for any class of materials was that of $3,038,722 for the items included under the head of "All other STATISTICS OF MANUFACTURES. 733 materials." Cottonseed oil and foots made the most pronounced relative gains in both quantity and cost, the increase in each case amounting to more than 100 per cent in quantity and to more than 200 per cent in value. The following table gives the quantity and value of hard and soft soap and of glycerin reported for the last two census years, together with the value of the other products reported : PEODUCT. 1909 . 1904 Total value $23,682,977 373,529,337 $18,094,061 14,607,378 $171,702 8,955,960 $1,212,606 $4,104,608 $13,401,726 297,377,794 Hard soap: Value : $12,440,256 16,427,686 Soft soap: Value . . . $114,107 3,432,515 Glycerin: Ponnds $383,885 All other products $463, 479 by the canneries, the quantities so reported have been reduced to standard cases in the table. The quantity of hard soap, which increased 76,151,- 543 pounds, or 25.6 per cent, during, the five years covered by the table, represented 21.5 per cent of the total reported for the United States in 1909 by estab- lishments classified as engaged in the soap industry, and 21.9 per cent in 1904. Soft soap, the second largest product in point, of quantity, shows a decrease of 1,820,207 pounds, or 11.1 per cent, in this respect, but the value increased materially. Glycerin increased 160.9 per cent in quantity and 215.9 per cent in value. The largest relative gain in value is shown for "All other products," which in 1909 consisted largely of perfumes, paints, flavoring extracts, and baking powders. In addition to the products shown in the above table, soap valued at $181,502 was manufactured during 1909 by 16 establishments which were classified under other industry designations. These products consisted mainly of 1,061,481 pounds of hard soap, of which 729,782 pounds was toilet soap. Canning and preserving. — It was not until about 1850 that canning and preserving, as a factory indus- try, assumed commercial prominence. New York was one of the first states in which it was developed, and the growth of the industry in that state has been re- markable. Of the 790 estabhshments reported in 1909, 674 were engaged primarily in canning and pre- serving fruits and vegetables; 101 in the manufacture of pickles, preserves, and sauces; and 16 in canning and curing fish. The quantity and value of the difiFerent products for 1909 1904, and 1899 are shown in the next table. The case which is used as the unit of measure, consists of 24 standard-size cans — No. 2 (also called 2-pound cans) for beans, corn, peas, berries, cherries, and plums, and No. 3 (also called 3-pound cans) for all other fruits and vegetables. Where the output of fruits and vegetables has been reported in other forms PKODUCT. 1909 1904 1899 > $19,039,735 3,465,991 $6,271,904 569,176 $1,024,065 771,475 $1, 197, 999 68,673 $174, 119 1,438,059 $2,681,366 103, 127 $160,974 347,714 $667,375 157,767 $386,006 900,870 $2,182,456 429,180 $753,231 214, 134 $596,130 90,446 $323,803 41,727 $141,142 51,686 $216,858 52,853 $76,449 20,846 $74,842 33,722,573 $2,346,875 33,662,115 $2, ,333, 137 70,458 $13,738 6,873,885 $1,179,700 121,256 $75,777 4,180,092 $780, 103 335,800 $29,026 2,595,614 $486,910 498,237 $152,286 750, 441 $111,881 2,572,637 $323,820 693,786 $94,681 1,878,751 $229, 139 $7,058,801 : $16, 821, 221 3,922,068 $6,836,4,51 561,081 51,056,253 1,444,344 $2,272,682 $12,606,329 Canned vegetables: Cases 2,670,276 $4,410,251 Beans- Cases. 274,932 Value $448,314 Corn- Cases . 1,341,352 Value... $1,926,496 Succotash— 12,324 Value $27,606 Peas- 1,509,629 $2,598,291 45,063 $72,780 184.894 $389,036 187,057 $448,409 585,264 $1,207,760 259,296 $354,817 160,730 $372,171 46,160 $133,814 10,060 $39,399 61,309 $172,944 41,195 $58,839 26,514 $75,776 31,643,381 $1,346,040 31,458,702 $1,331,896 84,679 $14,145 6,381,124 $896,342 407,896 $37,826 4,623,080 $777,859 466,000 $34,534 1,880,600 $319,620 1,523,500 $332,350 762,980 $91,355 1,350,148 $80,657 812,830 $37,767 537,318 $42,900 $6,534,628 751,535 Value $1,473,912 Pumpkin — Cases . . 24,769 Value $36,370 Tomatoes — Cases . 254,616 Value $483,112 All other- Cases. . . 10,747 Value $16,541 Canned fruits: Cases... . . 655,261 Value $1,347,390 Apples- Cases . 320,678 Value $560,048 Berries- Cases . 165,396 Value $321,769 Cherries- Cases ... 21,207 Value $71,881 Peaches- 29,111 Value $72,591 Pears- Cases 68,036 $226,082 Plums- Cases . . 70,800 Value $94,879 All other- 33 Value . $160 Dried fruits: 21,542,897 Value... $1,276,109 Apples- Pounds 21,642,897 Value $1,275,109 All other- Value Fish: 3,644,310 Value... $175,392 Canned fish, all kinds- 166,896 Value $23,026 Smoked fish— Pounds. 2,309,600 Value $101,082 Herring — Pounds. 1,694,000 Value $17,040 Salmon— Pounds. 97,000 Value.. $13,900 Sturgeon- Pounds. . 454,000 Value. . $66, 110 All other- Pounds.. 64,600 Value $4,032 Salted fish— Pounds 1,167,814 Value . $61,286 Herring— Pounds.. 1,046,600 Value ■. $42,600 All other- Pounds. 121, 214 Value $8,786 All other products . . .... $5,298,187 ' Does not include canned vegetables to the value ol$79,468, dried fruit to the value of $28,271, and salted flsh to the value of $2,195, reported by establishments engaged primarily in industries other than canning and preserving. = Excluding statistics for 1 establishment, to avoid disclosure of Individual operations. With the exception of canned vegetables, each of the main groups of products shows a substantial gain from 1904 to 1909 both in quantity and in value. 734 SUPPLEMENT FOR NEW YORK. The output of canned vegetables, which constitute the most important group, as measured by value, shows a decrease of 466,077 cases, or 11.9 per cent, in quantity and $564,547, or 8.3 per cent, in value. Measured by value, the most important single product in 1909 was canned peas, the value of which formed 14.1 per cent of the aggregate value of all products. The value of each of the vegetable products shown separately, with the exception of beans and corn, increased from 1904 to 1909. The fruits included under the head of "All other" were the only canned fruits to show a decrease in either quantity or value in 1909 as compared with 1904, while the largest absolute increase in each item was reported for apples. Dried apples show an increase of 2,193,413 pounds, or 7 per cent, in quantity and $1,001,242, or 75.2 per cent, in value from 1904 to 1909. The production of dried apples in New York during 1909 represented 75.5 per cent of the total output of this product for the United States and 75.3 per cent of its value. The quantity of smoked fish decreased during the five-year period 1904-1909, owing chiefly to the de- cided decrease of 1,025,263 pounds in smoked stur- geon. More salmon was smoked in 1909 than any other variety of fish. The increase in the quantity and value of salted fish from 1904 to 1909 is noteworthy. New York ranked first among the states of the Union in 1909 in the output of dried and of canned apples, second in that of canned peas, third in that of caimed beans, and sixth in that of canned com. Agricultural implements. — ^Although the fiftieth in- dustry in the state when measured by value of prod- ucts, this industry is of considerable interest owing to the importance of agriculture in New York. The fol- lowing table gives the value of the different general groups of implements manufactured during 1909, 1904, and 1899: PRODUCT. 1909 1901 1899 Total value $14, 970, 980 3.348,203 247,357 6,9.50,777 790,494 4,6.34,149 $13,045,891 2,646.947 1,800,182 5,841,389 461,814 2,396,559 $10, 537, 254 1 Seeders and planters Seed separators J AH other products, including amount 405,944 Harvesting implements formed the most important single group, as measured by value, in 1909 and 1904, and represented 39.7 per cent and 44.8 per cent of the totals for the respective census years. With the excep- tion of seeders and planters, each of the different groups shows an increase in value for the five-year period, the largest being for the items included under the head of "All other products," which nearly doubled in value. Gloves and mittens, leather. — The next table shows the number of pairs and the value of the different kinds of leather gloves, mittens, and gauntlets manu- factured in New York in 1909, 1904, and 1899. Although the number of pairs of gloves, mittens, and gauntlets manufactured decreased slightly from 1904 to 1909, their value increased $4,328,565, or 44.2 per cent, owing largely to a general rise in prices. The output of men's unlined gloves, mittens, and gauntlets, which formed the most important single class at each of the last three censuses, shows a de- crease from 1904 to 1909 of 74,509 dozen pairs, or 8.4 per cent, although its value shows an increase of $2,351,406, or 54.1 per cent. The output of women's and children's unlined gloves, mittens, and gauntlets, the class second in importance in 1909, increased 181,472 dozen pairs, or 124.7 per cent, and its value $2,085,202, or 180.3 per cent, during the same period. Of the total output of men's gloves, mittens, and gauntlets reported in 1909, 63.7 per cent, represent- ing 70 per cent of the value, were unlined, the cor- responding percentages for women's and children's gloves, mittens, and gauntlets being 57.3 and 71.2, respectively. Total value Gloves, mittens, and gauntlets: Dozen pairs Value Men's— Dozen pairs Value Lined- Dozen pairs Value Unlined— Dozen pairs Value Women's and cMldren's— Dozen pairs Value Lined- Dozen pairs Value Unlined— Dozen pairs Value All other products . 1909 $14,336,365 1,850,438 $14,122,640 1,279,560 $9,568,409 464,817 $2,868,551 814,743 $6,099,858 570,878 $4,554,231 243,861 31,312,817 327,017 33,241,414 $213, 725 $9,946,143 1,881,194 $9,794,075 1,563,366 $7,810,971 674, 114 $3,462,519 889,252 $4,348,452 317,828 $1,983,104 172,283 $826,892 145,545 $1,166,212 $152,368 1399 $10,854,221 11,721,831 $10,507,789 1,280,595 $7,731,868 643,440 $3,547,825 637,155 $4,184,043 424, 142 $2,672,995 193,540 $1,015,744 230,602 $1,657,251 $346,432 ' Includes 17,094 dozen pairs of gauntlets, valued at $102,926, not distributed by kinds. The following taoie gives, for 1909, a more detailed classification, showing for each class the total value of the output and the number of pairs made from the different kinds of leather: Value. DOZEN PAIRS. PRODUCT. Total. Lamb or sheep sMn. Kid. All other. $11,336,365 14,122,640 11,418,965 1,981,224 5,405,690 939,064 3,092,977 2,703,685 887,327 1,294,168 373,753 148,437 213,725 Gloves, mittens, and 1,850,438 1,287,618 282,069 575,097 142,611 287,941 562,820 182,748 239,646 101,350 39,076 1,408,620 1,046,654 198,349 485,841 118,639 243,825 361,966 121,592 129,735 80,310 30,329 67,399 66,464 4,609 31,197 2,966 27,702 935 374,419 174,500 Men's— Lined 79,111 58,059 20,916 Unlined Women's and children's — Lined Unlined Working 16,414 199,919 61,156 108,976 21,040 8,747 Men's— Lined Unlmed Boys'— 935 Unlined All other products STATISTICS OF MANUFACTURES. 735 Of the total output of leather gloves, mittens, and gauntlets in 1909, 76.1 per cent were manufactured from lambskin or sheepskin, 3.6 per cent from kid, and 20 .2 per cent from other kinds of leather. Of the dress gloves, about 80 per cent were lambskin or sheepskin, and about 6 per cent were kid, while of the working gloves, mittens, and gauntlets nearly two-thirds were sheepskin or lambskin, less than 1 per cent were kid, and the remainder were made of other kinds of leather. Carriages and wagons and materials.-^The number and value of the different kinds of horse-drawn vehi- cles manufactured during the census years 1909, 1904, and 1899 are shown in the following table: Total value Carriages (family and pleasure): Number Value Wagons: Number Value Business- Numb er Value Farm- Number Value Government, mTmicipal, etc. — Number Value Public conveyances: Number Value Sleighs and sleds: Number Value All other products, including parts and repair work i 1909 $13,292,531 25. 474 $2, 344, 487 21,937 $2,932,813 17,747 $2,605,589 4,026 $263,942 164 $73,282 219 $187,936 10,823 $349, 643 $7,477,652 19(M $14,643,510 42,219 $4,650,893 19,879 $2,448,670 12,797 (') 0) 83 742 $518,469 19,433 $592,768 $6,532,710 1899 $14,002,904 58, 176 $4,939,609 22,776 $2,186,935 (') 656 $489, 142 14.500 $412,076 $5,975,143 1 Not reported separately. In view of the extraordinary development of the automobile industry, particularly during the last five years, it is but natural that the output of horse-drawn vehicles should decrease materially. In 1899, 96,107 such conveyances were manufactvu-ed in New York by the carriage and wagon establishments reported, but the number had decreased to 82,303 in 1904, and to 58,453 in 1909. The value of the vehicles made, how- ever, increased 1 per cent from 1899 to 1904, although from 1904 to 1909 it decreased 28.3 per cent. During the five-year period 1904-1909 the only kinds of vehi- cles showing an increase in number were business wagons and government and municipal wagons, while the largest decrease was in the number of family and pleasure carriages. The number of sleighs and sleds made decreased 8,610 and their value $243,125 dur- ing the same period. In point of numbers, family and pleasure carriages were the most important of the different classes, but their value in 1909 was exceeded by that reported for business wagons. Shipbuilding, including boat building. — ^This classifi- cation includes the operations of shipyards building or repairing steel and wooden steam, sail, or unrigged vessels, yachts, motor boats, rowboats, and canoes, and the manufacture of masts, spars, oars, and rigging. The number and gross tonnage >of the different classes of vessels launched in 1909, 1904, and 1899 are shown in the following statement : Vessels of 5 gross tons and over launched during the year Steel Steam Motor , SaU , Unrigged Wooden Steam Motor SaU Unrigged Power boats of less than 5 gross tons 1909 Num- ber. 309 16 7 2 7 293 23 76 15. 179 Gross tonnage. 60.152 7,332 3,963 100 3,269 52,820 3,665 1,190 678 47,387 1904 Num- ber. 361 24 16 7 1 337 36 61 27 210 Gross tonnage. -104, 495 '14,068 8,573 4,695 800 90,427 5,759 706 451 83,511 1899 Num- ber. 393 17 14 3 376 87 85 204 Gross tonnage. 86,310 11,084 7,582 3,502 75,226 4,817 1,400 69,009 The foregoing table shows that the total gross ton- nage as well as the average gross tonnage of the vessels launched, not including power boats of less than 5 tons gross register, was greater in 1904 than in either 1909 or 1899, and that the total number of vessels launched was smaller in each succeeding census year, the decrease being principally in the number of wooden vessels. Increases from 1904 to 1909 are shown for the number of steel motor and unrigged vessels and for wooden motor boats. A considerable increase is also shown in the number of power boats of less than 5 tons gross register during the same period. The value of the work done upon vessels and boats of all kinds during 1909, 1904, and 1899 is shown in the following table : CLASS OF ■WOEK. Total value Work done during the year on new ves- sels and boats Vessels of 5 gross tons and over Boats of less than 5 gross tons Power boats, all kinds Sailboats, rowboats, scows, etc. Repair work A.11 other 1909 1904 $11,417,189 3,977,934 3,294,121 683,813 424,270 259,543 6,931,117 608,138 $11,265,303 4,181,772 3,607,085 574,687 378,635 196,052 6,726,959 356, 572 1899 $8,647,371 3,281,815 2,627,113 654,702 454,643 200,059 4,857,916 507,640 Increases are shown for the decade 1899-1909 for all of the items presented in the table, with the exception of the value of the work done on power boats of less than 5 tons gross register. From 1904 to 1909 there was an increase in every item except the value of work done on new vessels of 5 tons gross register and over, which shows a decrease of 8.7 per cent. The statistics presented in the two preceding tables do not include those for the United States navy yard in Brooklyn, which launched 5 steam cutters having a total displacement of 68 tons, and did work upon 1 steel vessel of 21,825 tons displacement and 6 small boats having a total displacement of 21 tons, and vari- ous repair work, the whole aggregating $7,032,416 in value. 736 SUPPLEMENT FOR NEW YORK. Wire. — ^This classification includes only those mills which draw vdre from purchased wire rods. The fig- ures for the wire departments of rolling mills which roll the wire rods, which would otherwise be presented in a supplementary note, can not be shown without dis- closing the operations of individual establishments. The tonnage and cost of the principal materials used in 1909 were as follows: MATERIAL. 1909 »7, 823, 618 14,850 $561,362 22,195 86,285,465 367 Wire rods: Steel- ■ Tons Cost Copper- Tons Cost Other metal (iron, brass, etc.)— Tons Cost ... $62,150 249 Purchased wire: Cost $77,876 $185,851 $650,815 Fuel All other materials Comparative figures for 1904 and 1899 are not avail- able. A total of 37,412 tons (2,000 pounds) of wire rods, costing $6,908,977, were used, copper rods con- tributing 59.3 per cent of the tonnage and 91 per cent of the cost. The tonnage and value of the main products reported for the industry in 1909 were as follows: Total valae Wire and manulactures of wire: Steel and iron- Tons Value Wire drawn for sale- Tons Value Uanufaetiu'es of wire, nails, woven wire, rope, etc. — Tons Value Copper wire — Tons Value other metal (chiefly brass) wire and manufactures of wire- Tons Value All other products . 1909 $10,066,431 14,632 $1,893,995 12,151 $1,338,220 2,481 $555,775 22,375 $7,653,209 319 $175,593 $342, 634 Of the total quantity of wire and manufactures' of wire shown in the above table, 59.9 per cent was copper, 39.2 per cent was iron and steel, and nine- tenths of 1 per cent was made from other metals. Of the total value of wire products, $9,722,797, the proportions contributed by each class were 78.7 per cent, 19.5 per cent, and 1.8 per cent, respectively. The seven wire nulls in the state in 1909 reported 703 wire- drawing blocks, with an annual capacity of 39,519 tons. Laundries. — Statistics for steam laundries are not included in the general tables or in the totals for manufacturing industries. There were 508 such estab- lishments in the state of New York in 1909, of which 126 were in New York City; 25 in Buffalo; 23 in Syracuse; 16 in Rochester; 15 in Troy; 12 in Utica; 10 each in Albany, Binghamton, and Poughkeepsie; 7 each in Auburn, Schenectady, and Watertown; 6 each in Elmira and Jamestown; and 5 in Oswego. No other incorporated place had as many as 5 steam laundries. The following statement summarizes the statistics: Number of eBtablishments 508 Persons engaged in the industry 14, 063 Proprietors and firm members 523 Salaried employees 962 Wage earners (average number) 12, 578 Primary horsepower 12, 637 Capital $7, 316, 808 Expenses 9, 483, 116 Services 6, 081, 311 Materials 1, 856, 703 Miscellaneous 1, 545, 102 Amount received for work done 11, 446, 663 The most common form of ownership was the in- dividual, with 292 establishments. The firm and corporate forms of ownership were represented by 105 and 111 establishments, respectively. One hundred and forty-five establishments had receipts for the year's business of less than $5,000; 222, receipts of $5,000 but less than $20,000; 119, receipts of $20,000 but less than $100,000; and 22, receipts of $100,000 or over. The number of wage earners employed each month and the percentage which this number represented of the greatest number employed in any month were as follows : WAGE EAENEKS. MONTH. WAGE EAENEBS. MONTH. Number. Percent of maxi- mum. Number. Percent of maxi- mum. 12,129 12,160 12,107 12,165 12,312 12,702 93.0 93.2 92.8 93.2 94.4 97.4 July 13,010 13,046 12,899 12,782 12,735 12,897 99.7 February August lOO.O March September 98.9 April 98.0 May, . , November 97.6 June December 98.9 The different kinds of primary power, the number of engines or motors, and the horsepower used in 1909 are shown in the following tabular statement : KIHB. Number of en- gines or motors. Horse- power. Primary power, total . 12,637 9,614 Owned: .Stpjim 321 59 3 3 260 Gas 528 Water wheels SI Watermotors 15 Bented: Electric 1 437 other 992 STATISTICS OF MANUFACTURES. 737 The kiiid and amount of fuel used are shown below: KIND. Unit. Quantity. Anthracite coal 63,770 29,547 2,842 796 Bituminous coal Tona Coke Wood Cords Gas ;; Barrels 1,000 feet 618 106,760 Custom sawmills and gristmills.— Statistics for custom sawmills and gristmills are not included in the general tables or in the totals for manufacturing indus- tries, but are presented in the next summary. Numbei of establislunenta Persons engaged in the industry Proprietors and firm members. . . Sal£ied employees Wage earners (average number) . Primary horsepower. Capital Expenses Services Materials Miscellaneous.. Value of products . Custom Custom sawmills. gristmills. 211 403 452 628 243 462 3 4 206 162 6,699 14,078 $423,786 Jl, 278, 100 99,303 2,853,010 76,613 69,104 7,090 12,745,335 15,600 38,571 207,624 ■3,246,948 1 Includes estimate of all grain ground. A similar estimate for the value of lumber sawed by custom sawmills is Impracticable. 738 SUPPLEMENT FOR NEW YORK. Table I — COMPARATIVE SUMMARY FOR 1909, 1904, AND 1899. THE STATE— ALL INDUSTRIES COMBINED AND SELECTED INDUSTRIES. STATE— Aa Ittdastnes. Agricultural implements Aitiflcial flowers and Jeathers and plumes. Artificial stone Automobiles, including bodies and parts. Babbitt metal and solder Bags, otber than paper Bags, paper Baskets, and rattan and willow ware . . Belting and hose,leaaier Bicycles, motorcycles, and parts Census. Blacking and cleansing and polisliing preparations. Boots and shoes, including cut stock and findings. cigar. Boxes, fancy and paper Brass and bronze products Bread and other bakery products Brick and tile Brooms and brushes.. Butter, cheese, and condensed milk . Buttons Candles 1909 1904 1899 Canning and preserving Carpets and rugs, other than rag . . ' Not reported separately. 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1909 1904 11899 1909 1904 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1890 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1 1899 Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. 44,935 37,194 36,957 57 76 87 • 319 149 157 176 26 113 35 16 24 IS 11 21 17 18 20 12 16 169 194 180 28 25 21 20 32 66 65 5« 296 259 320 . 66 57 66 315 260 246 247 2 184 172 3,978 3,164 3,000 205 192 217 171 176 170 1,662 1,766 1,908 165 61 PERSONS EHaAQED IN DfDTTSTBT. Total. 1,203,241 996,725 790 2 668 604 1909 16 1904 12 1899 12 6,861 7,279 6,290 9,813 3,740 4,477 967 666 11,610 2,101 219 261 1,127 797 714 1,157 604 1,486 1,851 1,298 924 997 693 636 466 2,427 1,188 826 745 23,816 18,776 18,167 1,726 1,994 1,331 12,702 11,821 9,025 7,596 4,477 Pro- prietors and firm mem- bers. 47,669 41,766 417 205 229 185 20 Salaried employ- 161,691 98,012 68,030 1,093 934 659 903 210 229 71 54 Wage earners (average number). 29,039 22,605 19,803 8,630 7,193 7,178 3,419 3,639 3,084 4,930 4,804 4,438 6,877 3,638 2,800 8,818 9,171 12,272 11,354 8,795 179 217 208 22 22 18 15 28 67 58 50 67 293 292 376 67 68 76 361 296 311 218 207 4,212 3,362 3,168 212 213 258 185 207 224 1,483 1,721 1,772 206 879 760 1,690 231 66 139 64 29 113 60 62 113 60 65 70 65 31 216 117 267 472 223 181 1,895 1,066 1,136 127 115 67 813 814 229 3,470 1,435 2,081 338 243 183 337 260 212 681 216 227 646 333 105 1,003,981 856,947 726,909 6,717 6,279 5,551 3,326 4,019 711 582 Primary horse- power. 47 864 625 457 269 189 I 9,861 1,849 192 128 203 1,000 722 646 636 508 1,237 1,669 1,059 604 759 658 658 410 2,103 658 663 497 21,627 17,418 16,665 1,531 1,811 1,198 11,638 10, 711 8,276 6,651 3,882 3,456 21,367 17,708 14,554 6,737 6,737 2,897 3,182 2,648 2,866 2,868 2,439 6,126 3,237 2,647 347 340 1,997,662 1,516,592 1,099,931 10,744 12,019 8,228 215 106 80 1,122 1,254 191 84 Capital. Salaries. Cost of materials. Value of prodiKts. Value added by manu- facture. Expressed In thousands. 751 416 1,046 7,075 7,796 6,384 11,898 11,077 8,603 1,882 1,967 406 612 539 566 $2,779,497 2,031,460 1,523,503 26,109 23,436 20,116 7,982 1,865 2,981 1,429 629 10,466 6,571 1,180 1,377 4,677 3,673 13,397 3,694 10,319 6,265 28,734 19,090 18,107 1,630 1,316 16,629 14,322 13,905 3,911 1,571 993 147 171 12,469 9,741 11,901 10,161 7,783 25,102 3,347 639 1,918 1,110 1,198 867 678 3,281 4,774 1,787 1,181 1,119 4,442 3,669 2,363 853 658 3,327 2,232 1,260 904 26,048 15,571 12,959 1,129 1,134 801 8,072 6,894 3,725 16,591 6,442 6,180 38,573 24,651 19,434 13,864 10,964 8,741 3,926 3,308 2,718 12,216 9,066 7,084 6,367 2,034 1,195 1,170 1,331 $186,032 111,145 76,740 1,012 809 676 1,025 175 227 60 71 15,825 12,822 8,169 27,628 19,830 12,870 1,604 231 57 181 08 33 149 83 111 264 111 62 56 23 366 287 134 74 26 216 561 280 222 2,254 1,032 1,067 161 132 51 924 818 1,024 428 275 2,727 1,099 1,473 406 281 167 406 233 166 507 192 122 647 284 83 106 67 $567,231 430, 015 337,324 3,270 3,241 2,797 3,462 1,102 1,257 390 364 916 662 411 686 328 260 7,016 1,227 166 149 86 116 330 230 204 426 216 169 683 687 314 396 424 320 346 206 297 214 206 10,669 7,873 6,431 764 453 4,261 3,684 2,617 3,951 2,088 1,726 13,881 10,172 7,414 3,958 3,161 2,765 1,326 1,220 1,021 1,607 1,485 1,157 2,462 1,068 813 136 128 $1,866,904 1,348,603 1,018,377 6,415 6,678 4,826 12,268 1,463 2,199 623 282 2,563 2,409 1,791 6,870 4,667 14,908 1,907 173 6,071 4,307 2,719 4,116 3,012 1,698 3,933 1,792 1,119 820 651 416 4,101 3,764 2,400 522 347 1,856 1,827 1,418 948 28,976 22,400 17,309 1,126 1,107 760 6,113 5,662 3,347 13,139 3,868 5,539 62,738 36,389 23,568 1,717 1,368 1,109 3,180 2,849 2,266 36,161 26,793 22,487 4,168 1,488 943 1,099 $3,369,490 2,488,346 1,871,831 14,971 13,046 10,537 21,162 3,997 6,016 1,357 11,669 9,829 7,735 I 13,315 11,133 7,681 I 30,980 4,260 456 6,123 4,966 3,077 2,250 5,613 2,868 1,696 1,947 1,949 1,002 6,420 5,749 3,293 1,166 759 3,S42 2,719 1,913 48,186 37,521 28,117 2,234 2,344 1,637 14,234 12,748 22,184 8,046 9,327 86,233 61,034 43,051 8,433 7,430 5,684 6,290 6,402 4,335 42,458 31,048 26,658 9,373 3,849 2,371 1,670 1,332 $l,612,68e 1,139,743 863,454 8,556 7,368 5,712 8,904 2,534 2,817 834 648 19,040 16,821 12,606 25,606 19,404 15,029 16,072 2,353 283 1,062 669 358 870 636 652 1,680 1,066 676 1,127 1,298 2,319 1,985 893 2,009 1,301 965 19,211 15,121 10,808 1,108 1,237 777 8,121 7,186 6,033 9,045 4,177 3,788 33,496 24,645 19,493 6,716 6,062 4,575 3,110 2,653 2,069 6,297 4,255 4,071 5,205 2,361 1,428 571 399 7,371 6,992 4,771 12,291 8,271 7,348 » Excluding statistics for one establishment, to avoid disclosure of individual operations. STATISTICS OF MANUFACTURES. 739 Table I,— COMPARATIVE SUMMAEY FOR 1909, 1904, AND 1899— Continued. THE STATB^-AIiL INDUSTRIES COMBINED AND SELECTED INDDSTBIES— Continued. STATE— Continued. Carriages and wagons and materials. . Cars and general shop construction and repaurs by steam-railroad corn- Cars and general shop construction and repaurs by street-railroad com- panies. Cars, steam-railroad, not including operations of railroad companies. Cement.. Chemicals . Chocolate and cocoa products. Clocks and watches, including cases and materials. Cloth, sponging and reflnishing. Clothing, men's, including shirts. Clothing, women's.. Coffee and spice, roasting and grind- ing. CofiBns, burial cases, and undertakers' goods. Confectionery., Cooperage and wooden goods, not elsewhere specified. Copper, tin, and sheet-iron products . . Cordage and twine and jute and linen goods. Cordials and sirups. Cork, cutting. Cotton goods, including cotton small wares. Cutlery and tools, not elsewhere speci- fied. Dairymen's, poulterers', and apiar- ists' supplies. Dentists' materials. . Census. 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 •1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 11899 1909 1904 Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. 610 635 784 69 65 82 62 14 17 4 4 4 74 63 92 10 10 11 27 24 2 27 25 32 26 2,983 2,402 2,784 3,083 2,216 1,673 90 83 87 34 29 31 249 199 153 304 343 318 496 475 16 20 22 38 20 10 32 19 24 47 35 37 47 33 52 161 161 130 31 31 PEKSONS ENGAGED Df DTOUSTET. Total. 7,333 9,234 18,003 15, 163 13,605 4,767 3,879 2,606 2,581 1,738 2,183 1,573 2,384 6,869 6,845 6,057 977 917 786 2,854 2,330 2,869 729 618 404 104,567 73,676 114,925 84,657 55,335 2,394 2,259 2,239 1,656 1,586 1,451 10, 116 8,219 3,164 3,739 17,153 14, 725 6,230 7,025 493 232 99 928 540 211 2,787 1,282 11,032 9,031 9,504 6,070 3,960 1,250 1,147 379 922 178 Pro- prietors and firm mem- bers. 766 19 30 23 3 10 15 11 19 17 32 43 34 4,218 3,349 4,413 3,303 2,466 101 104 143 27 26 22 237 226 415 394 663 572 23 13 47 152 189 29 Salaried employ- 524 687 605 1,549 991 443 287 169 47 194 136 116 165 1,104 848 603 219 134 151 376 147 131 5,575 4,338 12,408 7,054 4,162 774 513 656 294 237 179 1,309 826 700 138 116 67 1,801 1,011 667 275 148 163 29 25 64 23 19 305 120 346 218 198 440 266 168 418 203 Wage earners (average num- ber). 6,116 7,891 7,490 16,454 14, 172 13,062 4,480 3,710 2,559 2,387 1,602 2,091 1,443 2,219 5,746 4,967 4,631 766 773 619 2,467 2,164 2,721 604 631 344 91,363 64,652 54,458 98,104 74,300 48,717 1,519 1,642 1,641 1,236 1,323 1,260 8,570 7,168 5,076 2,611 3,229 2,904 14,689 13,142 9,965 6,952 6,742 5,460 294 179 62 836 496 167 2,436 1,124 1,186 10,663 8,800 9,259 4,478 3,506 2,106 802 916 266 767 111 Primary horse- power. 10,029 8,524 21,423 8,216 6,693 4,367 1,170 3,346 2,470 3,060 24,386 116, 197 66,649 33,950 2,930 1,727 1,311 1,168 329 169 13,821 7,826 12,379 6,567 3,914 4,064 4,398 1,813 1,729 7,966 5,031 4,278 5,186 13, 108 6,799 15,056 16,060 463 413 523 214 33,354 25,812 24,044 6,571 6,642 1,214 1,116 221 609 Capital. Salaries. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Value added by manu- facture. Expressed in thousands. 114,676 16,896 14,647 16,264 11,652 11,245 11,304 4,975 6,242 6,469 2,891 10,168 11,373 46, 466 23,149 22,106 3,088 2,361 1,263 8,044 6,567 5,147 363 221 126 119,421 72,170 60,733 84, 213 47,008 29,283 6,829 10,853 9,406 3,836 3, 189 2,444 11,702 8,712 6,612 6,634 4,856 4,263 37,603 29,603 12,846 15,777 14,416 10,312 1,524 573 188 979 335 229 2,351 876 770 23,137 18, 474 16,060 6,841 4,541 3,976 4,788 2,283 2,258 1,844 244 $731 716 1,242 836 345 282 168 52 142 76 167 221 1,623 1,274 719 358 167 164 235 198 90 40 21 10,949 6,018 4,478 13, 469 6,474 4,098 816 699 612 327 278 197 1,680 908 726 151 149 2,067 1,303 697 375 412 306 273 60 31 75 31 17 95 107 592 314 263 618 295 131 539 152 158 178 50 $3,740 4,406 4,009 9,802 7,997 6,763 2,832 2,261 1,801 1,577 984 1,039 810 1,133 3,376 2,678 2,303 294 269 197 1,386 1,038 1,146 417 369 180 48,073 29,723 24,160 64,841 36,756 21,988 726 831 711 666 691 626 3,079 2,496 1,910 1,222 1,620 1,348 8,384 6,724 4,861 2,164 2,417 1,714 161 67 21 313 136 66 1,008 378 344 4,166 3,071 2,746 2,434 1,784 971 449 429 147 460 52 $6,809 6,201 6,913 10,088 8,778 8,880 3,180 1,298 1,628 3,426 2,755 3,745 800 1,014 19,709 12,968 8,670 4,167 2,673 1,956 2,281 2,236 2,932 60 26 11 135,327 94,861 76,067 148,142 91,705 66,848 12,664 22,711 18, 131 2,071 1,886 1,303 15,644 10,563 8,186 4,930 4,814 3,372 21,03a 13,609 9,223 7,689 10,608 7,516 1,490 684 166 1,170 360 291 2,484 617 739 11,726 8,646 5,718 1,853 1,255 778 1,285 1,272 4,677 2,721 366 $13,293 14,644 14,003 21,726 17,886 16, 196 6,640 3,880 3,516 5,940 4,261 5,228 2,409 3,136 35,346 23,022 16,994 6,823 4,077 2,715 6,184 4,121 4,936 1,030 749 384 266,075 187,409 148,844 272,618 173, 548 106,892 . 17,430 ■ 26,996 22,471 3,785 3,677 2,701 26,640 18,237 13,611 7,526 7,499 6,660 38,452 27,314 19,287 12,216 15,866 11,675 2,513 1,106 307 1,817 670 467 5,161 1,676 1,604 20,352 13,434 10,788 6,218 4,679 2,618 4,213 2,610 5,114 3,649 603 $7,484 8,443 8,090 11,638 9,108 7,315 2,582 1,987 2,514 1,496 1,483 1,609 2,122 15,637 10,064 7,324 1,666 1,404 759 3,903 1,886 2,004 970 723 373 130,748 92,648 73,787 124,376 81,843 60,044 4,776 4,284 4,340 1,714 1,792 1,398 9,896 7,674 6,425 2,596 2,685 2,278 17,417 13,705 10,064 4,626 5,258 4,159 421 141 647 320 176 2,677 1,058 8,626 4,789 6,070 4,365 3,324 1,740 2,928 1,238 537 928 237 1 Not reported separately. ' Excluding statistics tor one estabhshment, to avoid disclosure of individual operations. 740 SUPPLEMENT FOR NEW YORK. Table I,— COMPARATIVE SUMMARY FOR 1909, 1904, AND 1899— Continued. THE STATE— ALL INDUSTRIES COMBINED AND SELECTED INDUSTBIES— Continued. ST ATE— Continued . Dyeing and finisUng textiles. . Dyestufls and extracts.. Electrical macliinery, apparatus, and supplies. Electroplating Emery and other abrasive wheels. Pancy articles, not elsewhere speci- fied. Fertilizers. Firearms and ammunition. Census. Flags, baimers, regalia, society badges, and emblems. Flour-mill and gristmill products. Food preparations Foundry and machine-shop products. Fur goods Furnishing goods, men's Furniture and refrigerators Furs, dressed Gas and electric fixtures and lamps and reflectors. Gas, illuminating and heating. Glass. Glass, cutting, staining, and orna- menting. Gloves and mittens, leather. Gold and silver, reducing and refin- ing, not from the ore. Hair work. 1909 1904 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1964 1909 1904 1909 1904 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 n899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1909 1904 1899 1904 1899 1909 1904 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. 81 55 42 18 9 19 217 175 134 130 106 99 10 3 182 145 195 15 13 32 17 64 64 60 983 825 747 177 156 123 1,872 1,633 1,753 863 603 560 375 272 PERSONS ENGAGED IN INBUSTIIT. Total. 676 537 375 40 183 142 113 141 100 101 24 28 27 156 136 136 225 194 243 10 5 14 132 43 54 6,782 3,850 3,274 579 616 623 22,819 18,064 11,594 878 894 44 17 4,234 3,282 2,950 1,041 673 1,249 1,910 1,624 1,778 1,025 660 485 6,120 4,650 4,163 3,266 2,158 75,746 69,404 11,263 7,519 5,939 20,758 18,636 Pro prietors and firm mem. bers. 23,195 18,671 16,610 893 852 641 7,188 4,804 3,828 9,221 8,755 6,705 3,295 3,304 2,690 3,570 3,251 2,398 7,195 6,185 68 60 50 7 4 7 95 95 111 155 132 3 1 1 190 184 254 8 9 24 73 69 61 1,191 1,067 179 153 141 1,471 1,545 64 43 80 2,733 606 1,310 939 826 466 379 Salaried employ- 462 204 107 164 93 78 3,762 1,668 1,113 71 46 41 172 16 655 639 478 70 64 46 142 115 119 15 5 7 9 17 165 156 169 312 276 13 6 18 166 63 614 243 292 126 68 192 128 99 90 139 74 63 939 520 343 961 494 306 10,209 7,309 6,626 1,709 776 2,106 1,631 Wage (average num- ber). 6,262 3,586 3,117 418 619 638 18,972 16,301 10,370 652 717 768 16 3,430 2,865 2,404 908 696 1,033 1,781 1,426 1,686 813 427 371 2,990 3,063 2,133 3,023 2,619 1,712 64,066 60,550 63,216 8,244 5,804 4,464 18,186 16,626 2,269 1,282 1,108 60 25 1,029 614 440 2,784 1,721 1,324 174 142 117 287 183 166 596 296 328 9 3 254 68 22 20,281 16,750 15,024 755 738 470 6,017 4,075 3,269 6,422 7,029 6,381 3,114 3,153 2,556 3,118 2,912 2,063 6,287 6,613 9,907 42 34 54 2,313 385 378 Primary horse- power. 8,750 7,128 6,886 3,647 2,353 63,813 33,059 11,049 842 697 960 148 2,785 1,048 2,799 1,537 2,312 1,665 266 97 79,098 68,021 69,134 6,061 4,153 102,437 73,695 1,102 1,105 3,284 2,789 Capital. Salaries. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Value added by manu- facture. Expressed in thousands. 28,260 21, 127 1,172 651 3,831 2,439 30,089 15,997 1,774 1,604 1,127 957 863 1,003 770 920 97 81 111,259 7,530 6,231 4,145 3,647 2,548 60,437 30,643 17,697 450 413 602 2,414 123 45 6,370 2,523 2,371 3,692 2,598 4,601 4,343 2,966 2,058 1,187 807 723 30,270 24,819 19,969 9,233 16,954 3,334 208,320 153,086 131,661 19,609 11,251 7,300 24,110 19,045 J765 258 134 264 148 92 4,552 1,730 904 59 53 34 263 13 34,676 22,838 17,283 744 602 458 10,840 6,690 4,462 278,607 224,341 171,379 4,818 3,456 2,243 3,015 2,061 1,621 10,537 6,348 6,220 540 317 602 3,267 688 467 188 100 211 150 165 85 114 59 53 950 594 414 1,229 644 309 13, 197 1,760 800 634 2,666 1,378 12,321 1,578 1,425 260 317 301 12, 479 9,287 5,667 421 409 362 385 8 11 1,644 1,176 642 254 492 1,162 804 930 354 162 125 1,669 1,653 1,116 1,332 881 618 40,602 35,309 34,931 5,704 3,480 2,486 7,756 6,752 2,834 11,669 1,617 8,780 1,241 7,236 86 1,416 882 511 2,982 1,859 1,320 272 202 140 227 176 623 263 295 13 20 10 230 57 19 517 517 302 3,456 2,167 1,684 4,364 4,636 3,677 1,806 1,825 1,305 1,841 1,638 1,074 2,841 2,131 2,724 34 27 39 1,061 166 146 $4,139 1,339 i;4fl2 2,867 1,662 1,264 27,483 17,846 12,639 242 364 36 3,321 2,080 1,783 2,665 1,334 1,909 508 329 499 480 474 60,470 47,372 31,068 9,660 6,664 4,242 61,621 49,430 67, 964 24,140 15,239 8,732 21,576 14,669 19,673 4,362 3,626 4,505 2,706 2,112 49,290 35,348 22,696 1,116 1,185 1,160 2,561 74 74 7,862 5,085 4,201 4,251 2,082 3,148 2,374 1,727 1,970 1,864 964 921 69,802 54,546 35,930 17,324 11,408 7,406 154,370 127,915 128,229 41,301 26,244 15,829 42,197 29,337 19,156 12,367 10,376 272 383 247 6,412 3,615 2,356 16,018 10,940 5,867 1,159 1,412 900 1,669 1,318 1,406 8,023 5,696 6,328 2,396 4,500 466 41,929 29,326 24,668 1,240 1,400 777 13,010 8,961 6,204 42,347 35,315 20,918 4,509 4,280 2,757 4,847 4,253 3,559 14,336 9,946 10,864 2,603 3,776 4,528 7,861 1,012 (5,634 3,023 2,224 1,638 1,064 848 21,807 17,502 10,166 874 821 747 1,481 64 4,541. 3,006 2,418 1,596 748 1,239 1,866 1,398 1,511 972 484 447 7,174 4,872 7,664 4,744 3,164 92, 749 78,485 70,269 17,161 11,006 7,097 20,621 14,668 22,773 16,969 14,283 968 1,017 530 7,698 5,346 3,848 27,329 24,376 16,051 3,350 2,868 1,857 3,178 2,935 2,163 6,313 4,250 4,526 207 87 214 3,361 546 516 ' Excluding statistics for one establishment, to avoid disclosure of Individual operations. ' Flgiires not comparable. STATISTICS OF MANUFACTURES. 741 Table I.— COMPARATIVE SUMMARY FOR 1909, 1904, AND 1899— Continued. THE STATE— ALL INDUSTRIES COMBINED AND SELECTED INDUSTBIES— Continued. STATE— Continued. Hat and cap materials Hats and caps, other than felt, straw, and wool. Hats, fur-felt Hats, straw Hosiery and knit goods House-fumi^hing goods, not else- where specified. Ice, manufactured. Ink, printing Instruments, professional and scien- tific. Iron and steel, blast furnaces. Iron and steel, st«el works and rolling mills. Jewelry Jewelry and instrument cases Lapidary work Lead, bar, pipe, and sheet Leather goods Leather, tanned , curried , and finished . Liquors, malt Liquors, vinous Looking-glass and picture frames. . Lumber and timber products Malt.. Marble and stone work. Census. 1909 1904 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 11899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1909 1904 1909 1904 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1909 1904 1909 1904 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. 244 209 360 271 2S8 99 73 75 25 20 21 479 294 250 67 58 38 43 27 37 8 483 408 340 109 118 147 184 209 225 41 59 140 125 120 2,263 1,599 1,802 32 43 56 655 2 324 538 PEESONS ENQAGED IN INDUSTET. Total. 1,087 1,285 671 4,000 4,025 5,109 6,379 4,684 4,280 2,922 1,468 37,673 30,694 27,700 2,175 2,154 2,392 1,372 723 439 366 2,423 1,439 1,244 2,562 1,636 1,078 11,089 8,142 4,593 7,146 6,040 3,687 1,364 1,303 596 681 573 481 225 198 130 9,283 6,278 5,843 6,922 10,705 9,896 9,298 452 689 379 1,891 1,821 32,458 29,867 645 679 8,180 Pro- prietors and firm mem- bers. 348 327 302 224 250 100 77 88 34 21 17 20 30 73 62 119 4 7 15 603 421 361 75 79 50 54 40 1 3 7 587 546 132 168 199 75 91 163 24 66 31 144 136 2,619 1,998 768 426 Salaried employ- 45 24 304 176 194 319 235 136 367 95 1,421 1,105 824 263 224 206 214 99 63 363 126 128 166 132 264 76 46 994 609 193 1,164 644 304 117 84 39 128 92 34 39 39 30 1,110 686 458 241 193 1,899 1,828 1,721 157 143 104 256 175 161 2,468 1,866 1,435 101 94 90 762 595 466 earners (aTerage num- ber). 965 1,192 610 3,348 3,522 4,506 5,013 4,397 4,133 2,508 1,342 36,960 29,366 1,812 1,863 2,098 1,124 603 319 525 283 201 1,964 1,222 993 2,298 1,559 1,033 10,091 7,526 . 4,385 5,379 4,076 3,022 1,172 1,140 607 499 441 185 156 7,686 7,648 5,752 5,688 5,444 6,530 8,731 7,977 7,424 271 390 244 1,491 1,510 1,489 27,471 26,013 25,283 524 640 723 6,939 7,169 6,954 Primary horse- power. 713 544 413 279 1,451 3,487 1,840 835 629 35,882 25,310 21,651 2,983 1,927 21,375 16,958 6,422 2,301 1,068 96,416 39,080 15,263 136,456 69,430 14,234 978 214 172 692 600 1,247 749 1,836 1,496 14,265 13,231 13,162 49,729 44,078 33,266 712 131,462 101,614 5,669 4,235 18, 110 10,748 Capital. Salaries. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Value added by manu- facture. Expressed in thousands. 12,580 2,102 755 $119 55 28 S424 430 196 $2,775 2,325 1,256 $3,836 3,382 1,751 2,798 1,955 2,602 391 188 197 2,004 1,869 1,994 3,876 3,303 4,289 7,826 6,886 8,344 5,702 4,441 3,050 393 264 224 2,725 2,309 2,079 5,406 3,478 2,607 10,219 7,740 5,602 3,692 1,502 531 98 1,473 614 3,993 1,359 7,617 2,625 52,582 36,310 30,307 2,042 1,284 942 14,839 10,160 8,998 38,677 28,210 20,266 67,130 46,320 36,028 4,015 3,254 2,871 306 209 158 786 747 689 5,690 4,496 4,042 7,789 6,375 5,579 7,766 5,972 2,665 287 100 52 835 424 201 1,044 577 269 3,808 1,749 1,061 3,052 1,411 1,084 579 189 164 370 184 122 1,878 1,103 695 4,069 2,320 1,418 4,478 2,145 1,621 496 197 132 1,146 630 530 975 493 437 3,308 2,042 1,667 39,666 14,645 3,396 403 167 81 1,758 1,161 633 20,917 6,374 3,508 26,621 8,635 5,046 61,453 48,852 8,788 1,292 801 297 6,323 4,393 2,430 26,889 13,260 4,168 39,532 21,227 8,812 13,663 9,115 6,828 1,193 568 304 3,820 2,606 2,002 10,433 6,121 6,427 20,363 12,357 10,245 1,127 749 367 126 76 26 619 413 213 678 553 270 1,781 1,432 756 4,252 2,261 2,976 161 101 46 791 610 451 6,319 6,097 4,515 8,660 7,380 5,501 1,123 861 697 78 69 32 120 98' 49 1,721 2,869 1,469 2,069 3,285 1,773 10,379 7,264 5,512 1,258 643 525 4,089 3,295 2,606 11,632 9,369 6,530 20,997 17,224 12,090 25,755 24,038 19,063 689 340 265 2,912 2,485 2,775 20,941 16,276 17,424 27,642 21,643 23,206 127,492 106,799 95,068 5,051 4,316 3,674 7,294 6,364 6,631 18,883 16,845 11,418 77,720 61,958 66,138 3,686 3,564 2,167 217 182 102 128 176 83 781 927 383 1,817 2,249 943 2,209 1,509 1,515 312 199 183 885 809 762 1,463 946 1,280 3,556 2,773 3,106 64,491 48,937 40,852 2,798 2,066 1,361 16,101 13,221 10,834 41,705 32,461 30,416 72,530 61,677 62,738 21,978 12,983 12,624 215 146 112 401 370 345 8,872 5,372 4,208 11,061 7,037 5,535 16,271 11,480 10,605 1,007 741 518 6,636 6,099 4,584 7,076 5,742 5,527 17,921 16,279 14,546 $1,060 1,057 495 3,951 3,683 4,065 4,813 4,282 2,995 3,624 1,266 ' Not reported separately. 75140°— 13 48 " Excluding statistics for one establishment, to avoid disclosure of individual operations. 28,453 18, no 15, 762 2,099 1,879 1,637 2,764 1,172 782 2,181 1,217 723 2,333 1,649 1,220 5,704 2,261 1,638 13,643 7,967 4,641 6,236 4,818 1,103 879 2,341 1,283 986 343 416 304 9,365 7,865 5,660 6,701 5,368 5,782 58,837 46, 113 44,720 1,036 1,322 560 2,092 1,827 l-,825 30,825 29,216 22,322 2,179 1,665 1,327 10,845 10,537 9,019 742 SUPPLEMENT FOR NEW YORK. Table I,— COMPABJA.TIVE SUMMARY FOR 1909, 1904, AND 1899— Continued. THE STATE— AliL INDUSTRIES COMBINED AND SELECTED INDUSTRIES— Continued. STATE— Continued. Uattresses and spring beds Millinery and lace goods . . . Mirrors Models and patterns, not including paper patterns. l^isical instruments, pianos and or- gans and materials. Oil, linseed Oilcloth and linoleum Optical goods Paint and varnish Paper and wood pulp Paper goods, not elsewhere specified. Paper patterns Patent medicines and compounds and druggists' preparations. Fens, fountain, stylographic, and gold. Photographic apparatus and mate- rials. Photoengraving.. Pipes, tobacco Pottery, terra-cotta, and fire-clay products. Printing and publishing. Rubber goods, not elsewhere speci- fied. . Salt. Scales and balances. Shipbuilding, including boat build- ing. Census. 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1909 1904 1909 1904 1909 1904 1909 1904 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1909 1904 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. 168 136 132 931 567 393 47 40 36 136 98 105 184 160 135 6 6 4 14 26 22 147 128 122 178 177 179 107 179 176 16 20 6 743 611 519 43 52 4,426 3,718 3,146 53 55 55 33 34 38 16 16 17 265 210 227 PERSONS ENGAGED IN WDUSTRY. Total. 2,088 1,767 25,369 18,905 13,025 1,160 1,050 1,098 1,382 862 704 13,102 10,573 7,393 567 464 1,153 743 841 2,563 1,549 4,741 4,306 3,566 13,018 13,262 10,001 5,257 4,006 3,119 1,507 1,772 714 8,566 6,795 7,080 1,108 766 520 6,186 3,374 2,360 1,809 1,209 925 1,871 1,290 2,628 2,979 2,489 94, 893 77, 671 62,147 2,618 3,050 2,375 1,686 1,527 1,441 682 622 600 6,230 7,001 6,044 Pro- prietors and firm mem- bers. 178 162 1,234 817 571 60 68 59 147 118 123 117 133 153 5 5 9 2 5 10 49 26 78 107 53 59 86 129 68 82 77 12 8 3 523 507 504 25 20 25 23 26 37 42 39 73 40 46 46 19 28 43 3,732 3,663 3,388 43 42 68 20 21 5 10 17 16 262 236 276 Salaried employ- 197 153 3,057 1,830 1,180 127 105 95 163 83 34 1,047 826 439 120 48 64 49 26 28 467 95 185 1,616 949 803 759 604 467 399 734 693 86 3,315 1,954 1,968 353 131 1,075 734 231 372 203 133 168 37 80 242 266 176 28,041 20,672 10,647 409 316 214 141 133 157 119 80 77 324 337 197 Wage earners num- ber). 1,621 1,408 1,272 21,078 16,258 11,274 887 944 1,082 661 547 11,938 9,614 6,801 566 514 391 1,102 712 803 2,047 1,428 1,345 3,047 3,260 2,710 12,073 12,418 9,268 4,303 3,467 2,643 761 1,071 625 4,728 4,334 4,608 730 614 407 4,088 2,614 2,082 1,395 967 719 1,663 1,207 854 2,367 2,695 2,270 63,120 53,436 48,112 2,066 2,692 2,103 1,526 1,373 1,279 463 625 507 6,644 6,428 6,672 Primary horse- power. 1,581 1,276 3,511 2,042 1,145 717 910 581 10,905 6,669 6,207 4,845 3,888 2,384 814 1,896 1,266 10,857 10,559 6,745 337,548 390, 730 227,767 6,257 3,925 6,423 3,418 192 156 i,782 ;,556 470 358 4,039 4,212 5,658 53,973 29, 652 6,898 4,399 9,923 4,923 685 685 Capital. 13,835 10,988 10,374 Salaries. Cost of materials. Value of products. Value added by manu- facture. Expressed in thousands. $3,060 1,846 1,333 $261 171 173 19,920 11,273 7,721 3,233 1,465 1,052 1,548 1,130 1,466 145 96 109 1,531 998 676 191 79 37 33,019 21,023 13,167 1,870 1,256 641 7,241 3,979 4,085 473 263 114 2,902 2,203 1,927 113 50 45 4,647 2,430 1,909 264 86 126 22,002 20,007 16,949 2,311 1,339 1,369 90,912 56,462 37,349 1,471 1,132 869 9,276 5,639 4,657 1,070 682 487 4,383 2,223 192 594 490 58 22,484 18,079 18,639 4,105 2,682 2,243 1,853 881 669 374 133 103. 15,410 4,713 3,601 1,096 690 207 V035 '926 545 426 238 127 2,207 728 672 177 36 73 6,343 6,111 4,103 369 328 200 158,367 127,887 101,838 33,251 22,263 12,776 7,330 4,763 4,114 720 463 312 14,662 15,322 17,232 229 172 247 1,348 1,137 718 162 103 71 14,084 11,744 9,676 643 471 265 $922 733 609 9,626 6,268 4,832 630 472 523 736 395 375 7,762 5,925 3,963 571 381 327 664 618 1,863 1,823 1,519 6,744 6,402 4,100 1,765 1,235 1,005 441 190 2,226 1,847 1,827 427 362 240 2,435 1,215 827 1,361 839 658 757 650 483 1,296 1,333 873 43,559 34,071 28,114 1,068 1,113 832 766 686 543 284 292 239 3,780 4,387 3,182 $3,461 2,810 1,988 27, 135 16,893 11,177 1,999 1,882 2,603 230 17,496 10,950 6,563 12,628 8,168 7,696 2,166 1,122 832 1,225 678 567 17,895 16,870 12,299 31, 767 22,806 14,563 6,786 4,203 3,405 623 332 87 12,689 8,816 10,155 1,563 876 500 4,967 2,742 1,824 655 413 224 1,432 924 875 872 522 66, 494 39, 482 31,010 5,659 6,000 2,998 1,195 1,186 420 264 217 3,925 3,989 3,116 $5,899 4,683 3,686 62,106 32,844 21,038 3,262 2,892 3,947 2,461 1,261 984 33,680 23,390 14, 746 15,392 9,907 8,427 3,522 1,933 1,480 3,996 1,870 1,761 28,659 25,121 18,878 48,860 37, 751 26,716 12,111 7,582 6,076 2,166 2,242 37,343 28,646 26,538 3,219 1,945 1,182 18,764 9,523. 4,187 2,908 1,988 1,179 3,212 1,881 1,691 3,403 3,289 216,946 164,834 118^071 8,784 8,266 5,304 2,897 3,167 2,699 1,180 864 721 11,417 11,265 8,647 $2,438 1,773 1,698 24,971 15,951 9,861 1,283 1,010 1,444 1,841 939 754 16,185 12,440 8,183 2,764 1,739 831 1,366 811 648 2,771 1,192 1,194 10,664 8,251 6,579 17,093 14,945 12,153 5,325 3,379 2,671 1,643 1,910 302 24,754 19,830 16,383 1,656 1,069 13,797 6,781 2,363 2,353 1,576 956 1,780 967 883 2,528 2,417 1,867 160,452 125,352 87,061 3,126 3,266 2,306 1,702 1,981 1,741 760 600 504 7,492 7,276 5,631 1 Excluding statistics for one establishment, to avoid disclosure of individual operations. ' Excluding statistics for two establishments, to avoid disclosure of individual operations. STATISTICS OF MANUFACTURES. 743 Table I.— COMPARATIVE SUMMARY FOR 1909, 1904, AND 1899— Continued. THE STATE— ALL INDT7STBIES COMBINED AND SELECTED INDUSTBIES— Continued. STATE— Continued. Silk and silk goods, including throw- sters. Silverware and plated ware Slaughtering and meat packing. . Smelting and refining, not from the ore. Soap.. Stationery goods, not elsewhere speci- fied. Steam packing Stereotyping and electrotyping . Stores and furnaces. Including gas and oil stoves. Surgical appliances and artificial limbs. Tobacco manul^tures. . Toys and games Typewriters and supplies. , Umbrellas and canes Vinegar and older Wallpaper , Wall plaster Window shades and fixtures.. Wire. Wirework, including wire rope and cable. Wood distillatjon, not including tur- pentine and rosin. Wood, turned and carved. Woolen, worsted, and felt goods, and wool hats. All other industries. . Census. 1909 1904 1909 1904 1909 1904 1909 1904 1909 1904 1909 1904 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1909 1904 1909 1904 1909 1904 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1909 1904 U899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 ■1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 Num- ber of lish- ments. 170 123 92 53 42 56 238 151 168 15 11 9 67 67 72 62 64 3,371 3,543 3,097 67 41 43 31 21 142 99 101 277 154 149 13 14 18 31 35 75 35 35 7 6 3 106 143 109 29 32 159 167 191 64 67 2,262 2,118 2,590 PERSONS ENGAGED IN INDUSTET. Total. 14,136 12,348 8,318 3,678 3,663 2,930 7,583 4,654 4,109 407 230 259 3,924 3,287 1,816 1,277 1,219 1,295 782 232 1,182 1,019 839 4,957 3,190 708 787 501 36, 197 39,924 31,928 1,406 926 681 5,160 3,249 2,012 2,363 1,827 1,889 2,021 2,385 1,550 1,632 1,172 1,521 1,249 55 1,988 2,442 1,611 574 1,594 1,034 1,218 9,907 9,435 9,923 49,296 50,758 Pro- prietors and firm mem- bers. 140 105 94 45 183 209 50 ,912 ,461 66 39 60 22 12 7 179 136 304 182 1 2 3 94 176 126 10 19 194 194 220 2,299 2,318 Salaried employ. 1,093 960 363 668 323 337 1,211 710 612 102 41 79 816 521 233 223 373 100 237 139 370 177 112 78 2,479 2,066 1,396 144 61 600 376 157 256 192 200 49 37 2S5 217 249 204 135 187 140 83 81 68 7 246 281 109 86 66 121 35 46 381 419 6,628 4,604 5,723 Wage earners (average num- ber). 12,903 11,283 7,861 3,065 3,304 2,525 6,110 3,761 3,288 284 176 171 2,976 2,402 1,243 1,013 948 901 660 136 905 828 709 4,247 2,788 464 617 361 30,019 33,946 27,071 1,197 826 582 4,538 2,861 1,848 1,919 1,499 1,621 529 434 410 1,602 1,799 2,128 1,337 1,376 911 811 615 1,439 1,179 45 1,649 1,986 1,276 693 489 1,279 806 962 9,460 8,942 9,424 40,369 43,936 68,274 Primary horse- power. 11,110 7,250 5,111 2,819 2,817 13,936 7,271 1,595 1,280 5,873 4,270 1,307 554 1,804 1,097 1,414 1,033 6,273 2,629 240 210 2,657 1,713 451 1,093 2,767 1,931 607 239 5,719 3,302 1,696 2,159 7,356 6,803 1,656 1,139 5,456 4,576 2,402 1,068 599 706 3,223 2,448 22,374 21,738 19,180 104,293 77,838 Capital. Salaries. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Value added by manu- fteture. Expressed in thousands. 120,972 16,751 9,800 7,488 5,782 4,177 34,636 18, 102 15,718 3,267 1,531 1,014 16,708 10,603 2,762 2,002 1,707 3,775 4,415 431 1,209 1,166 769 11,479 5,973 679 446 41,863 53,796 22, 491 1,310 1,381 670 12,487 9,959 3,782 2,240 1,272 1,628 5,036 2,816 1,558 5,221 5,534 4,086 6,791 3,341 2,412 2,154 6,477 4,788 3,769 2,383 2,100 3,298 3,199 1,612 890 928 26,208 20,516 19,228 212,313 182,877 180,764 tl,493 1,104 614 665 367 335 872 693 130 84 101 829 490 206 196 172 70 313 162 87 905 436 188 100 63 3,209 1,973 1,762 138 100 48 802 463 179 248 159 162 80 42 414 293 424 362 169 237 179 112 218 176 6 339 266 107 93 128 29 36 819 668 615 9,117 5,997 6,679 16,385 4,268 2,862 1,899 1,789 1,335 4,387 2,692 1,949 191 101 136 1,436 1,043 636 421 355 464 306 852 662 435 2,746 1,790 276 331 175 13,666 14,647 •11,503 467 324 212 3,020 1,709 1,084 907 617 624 234 213 170 806 836 1,093 776 719 436 276 758 637 19 843 961 586 729 443 520 4,145 3,620 3,302 22,731 23,802 24,787 $13,949 10,490 G,570 3,589 3,069 2,269 110,188 86,778 51,173 8,267 4,716 1,475 15,612 8,411 1,610 1,078 1,971 923 307 626 368 229 3,642 1,939 607 318 191 31,341 26,240 19,115 847 808 343 1,881 862 4,131 2,857 3,315 1,480 997 725 2,474 2,795 2,634 2,425 2,094 3,946 1,994 2,147 7,824 8,006 149 3,785 1,428 1,182 2,519 2,480 919 439 510 14,744 10,716 8,684 236,100 219,372 184,578 $26,519 20,181 12,706 7,869 6,680 6,346 127,130 75,550 58,403 9,018 5,180 2,144 23,583 13,402 3,344 2,531 2,142 3,783 2,349 634 2,228 1,603 1,094 8,974 5,527 1,490 1,210 76,662 65,597 63,661 1,849 1,644 865 10,298 6,362 3,824 6,427 4,711 5,225 2,246 1,911 1,273 5,277 5,696 4,812 4,494 3,736 5,476 2,883 2,944 10,065 9,401 194 5,875 3,639 2,424 3,402 3,367 2,422 1,299 1,540 23,739 19,477 15,784 314,400 298,948 250,635 $12,670 9,691 6,136 4,270 3,621 3,087 16,962 8,772 7,230 751 464 7,971 4,991 1,734 1,463 1,247 1,812 1,426 327 1,602 1,235 5,432 3,588 672 45,321 40,357 34,546 1,002 836 522 8,417 4,490 3,141 2,296 1,864 1,910 766 914 548 2,803 2,801 2,278 2,069 1,641 1,530 889 797 2,241 1,396 45 2,090 2,211 1,242 883 877 1,503 860 1,030 8,762 7,100 78,300 77,578 86,057 ' Not reported separately. 744 SUPPLEMENT FOR NEW YORK. Table I.— COMPARATIVE SUMMARY FOR 1909, 1904, AND 1899— Continued. CITIES OP SO.OOO INHABITANTS OB MOEJE— AiL INDUSTRIES COItlBINED AND SELECTED INDCSTBIES. Census. Num- ber of estab- lisli- ments. PEB30N3 ENGAGED IN INDUSTEY. Primary liorse- power. Capital. Salaries. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Value INDUSTRY. Total. Pro- prietors and firm mem- bers. Salaried employ- ees. Wage earners (average num- ber). manu- facture. Expressed m thousands. ALBANY— All industries 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 '1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 '1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1004 1899 395 490 5U 3 5 4 6 4 11,607 10,685 410 550 1,336 1,159 761 4 6 6 9 12 9,861 8,976 8,106 54 116 94 41 29 15,629 $26,276 16,676 18,011 39 54 16 114 76 $1,681 1,377 914 6 4 2 9 9 $5,234 4,269 3,852 22 32 23 31 20 $10,521 9,377 7,507 37 43 34 88 38 $22,826 20,209 17,269 88 115 87 143 83 $12,305 10,832 9,762 63 129 107 55 43 5 8 7 5 2 16 51 72 ^ 53 Bras^and bronze products 59 55 45 Bread and other bakery products 69 78 70 4 5 6 4 11 8 13 20 8 27 5 5 4 6 5 7 3 83 451 463 351 99 99 89 65 115 76 88 70 5 6 6 10 19 86 55 58 4 4 3 7 6 1 60 105 23 10 13 9 1 11 10 4 289 320 223 90 89 80 48 90 49 991 1,114 137 22 30 39 116 98 119 19 17 1.13 843 508 402 180 126 143 203 247 91 604 642 105 155 229 198 166 166 203 20 20 52 , 29 25 3 2 2 12 8 1 38 90 15 8 13 8 2 10 7 3 169 153 109 39 39 33 37 51 25 331 327 46 11 13 24 35 38 43 12 9 735 588 413 21 44 13 32 46 21 233 491 91 221 175 243 140 121 181 10 10 1,210 958 756 143 135 63 92 154 74 668 1,031 209 288 228 320 246 232 296 47 25 475 370 343 Brick and tile. ... 365 122 91 50 Carriages and wagons and materials. . 63 60 109 53 Clotbing, men's, including shirts 1,075 1,244 189 43 56 55 123 115 24 25 29 11 12 7 6 6 256 435 540 118 Coffee and spice, roasting and grinding. 170 67 53 77 Confectionery 140 106 HI 116 Cutlery and tools, notelsewhere speci- fied. 29 21 6 4 20 37 15 Foundry and machine-shop products. 18 23 30 3 3 5 8 10 10 9 11 = 9 8 7 5 8 8 12 2 14 3 3 3 64 66 3 54 7 'S 9 62 74 74 102 147 173 745 1,040 19 24 90 87 79 3 1 636 929 1,250 21 21 19 306 281 343 160 194 236 33 70 21 12 13 14 26 26 30 1,635 1,337 1,150 20 38 43 245 498 370 5,097 3,666 3,889 809 2,923 1,560 2,792 29 12 17 4,203 3,204 3,776 338 322 413 52 266 10 48 28 30 27 21 22 3,119 1,767 2,014 58 99 151 444 628 617 12,711 6,711 7,111 110 110 136 2 1 396 508 643 14 11 9 292 226 236 82 94 113 23 41 12 5 4 6 21 20 26 957 768 620 13 19 22 124 247 192 2,620 1,649 1,670 559 734 696 27 17 22 653 567 528 296 430 224 32 42 10 27 11 11 12 7 10 1,274 529 605 211 124 672 280 396 232 6,633 4,965 3,601 1,364 1,774 1,926 63 36 47 3,056 2,449 2,479 468 613 415 86 160 31 69 42 36 60 60 50 3,249 2,351 1,930 266 176 753 677 1,074 760 10,563 8,633 7,037 795 1,040 1,230 Hats and caps, other than felt, straw, and wool. 29 26 25 431 385 453 185 221 259 47 96 27 28 36 32 35 35 35 2,003 1,616 6 4 6 2 4 12 12 12 14 6 5 9 18 16 i' 1 61 50 3 36 19 25 125 102 106 13 16 11 2,328 364 322 277 15 16 10 2,403 1,882 1,961 715 172 183 191 68 • 54 19 1 7 5 2 9 8 4 317 229 134 2 4 23 1 4 2 1 12 13 5 307 226 126 1 2 108 21 Patent medicines and compounds and druggists* preparations. 19 42 31 25 8 38 43 40 1,324 1,975 1,822 1,425 Slaughtering and meat packing 30 61 8 9 91 55 52 81 Tobacco manufactures 322 658 604 5,749 4,238 66 90 91 88 164 21 70 43 564 408 271 60 29 66 38 605 432 260 397 678 628 All other industries 8,973 4,930 3,568 3,436 BUFFALO— All Industries. . . . 1,763 1,638 1,178 23 26 3 7 14 61,246 60,390 1,489 1,559 8,345 5,264 3,767 583 53 7 27 2 66 51,412 43,667 34,275 3,044 625 23 150 30 1 697 121,791 J193,041 137,023 95,740 9,300 791 112 339 46 1,064 59,347 5,542 3,429 283 71 6 31 .2 70 $28,727 21,622 15,678 2,200 390 15 106 15 264 $136,638 88,367 65,938 4,696 580 34 149 13 697 $218,804 147,378 105,627 9,598 1,386 78 390 42 1,223 $82,266 69,011 39,689 6,002 806 Automobiles, including bodies and parts. 3,640 679 13 1 4,661 44 Bicycles, motorcycles, and parts 181 39 673 4 7 11 151 241 626 1 Figures can not be shown without disclosing individual operations. ' Excluding statistics for 2 establishments, to avoid disclosure of individual operations. ' Excluding statistics for 1 establishment, to avoid disclosure of Individual operations. STATISTICS OF MANUFACTURES. Table I.— COMPARATIVE SUMMARY FOR 1909, 1904, AND 1899— Continued. CITIES OP 50,000 INHABITANTS OB MOKE— ALL INDCSTBIES COMBINED AND SELECTED INDUSTRIES— Continued. 745 INDUSTEY. BUFFALO— Continued. Blacking and cleansing and polishine preparations. Boots and shoes, including cut stock and findings. Brass and bronze products Bread and other bakery products Brick and tile Canning and preserving Carriages and wagons and materials. Cars and general shop construction and repairs by steam-railroad com- panies. Clothing, men's, including shirts. Clothing, women's Census. Confectionery. Cooperage and wooden goods, not else- where specified. Copper, tin, and sbeetriron products. Cutlery and tools, not elsewhere spec- ified. Electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies. Flour-mUl and gristmill products Foundry and machine-shop products. Fur goods Fumitiu'e and refrigerators Gloves and niittens, leather Instruments, professional and scien- tific. Jewelry Jeweli7 aud instrument cases. 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 .1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1909 1904 1899 Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. 11 15 16 14 2 12 2 17 18 9 17 189 144 154 5 7 8 4 25 48 40 47 7 7 9 60 91 124 14 11 10 26 20 10 13 18 29 67 40 127 11 ■6 10 9 9 149 2 118 105 12 7 13 33 26 21 9 5 4 7 5 4 14 16 10 PERSONS ENGAGED IN INDtlSTET. Total. 287 46 81 722 414 113 42 1,794 1,646 1,296 178 276 241 73 14 30 504 616 3,474 2,939 3,325 1,681 2,016 Pro- prietors and firm mem- bers. 4 3 7 14 12 19 12 8 8 180 144 163 6 10 12 655 397 280 633 675 194 227 1,882 1,653 273 138 347 244 67 793 540 243 10,018 7,932 Salaried employ- 70 105 50 4 2 7 1 4 U 94 111 122 82 67 2)347 1,797 1,329 130 132 401 374 204 458 493 126 147 7 56 65 16 2 259 185 129 10 12 7 22 earners (average num- ber). 27 47 44 2S4 206 80 181 134 99 87 21 106 79 124 28 61 33 10 316 111 37 1,056 23 1 6 270 104 22 81 28 40 13 IS fi 36 12 14 7 11 136 36 48 653 428 725 347 89 32 1,366 1,317 1,003 163 254 222 42 9 21 429 526 547 3,190 2,734 3,245 1,430 1,777 1,627 556 366 268 506 579 452 172 200 310 1,662 1,479 354 231 114 2 282 209 60 476 425 196 7,131 5,044 75 47 2,052 1,669 1,220 76 48 54 110 106 58 306 173 416 467 107 Primary horse- power; 209 370 2,417 1,191 265 100 561 2,768 365 61 604 206 1,965 10,987 11,690 2,846 12 34 116 109 Capital. Salaries. Cost of materials. Value of products. Value added by manu- facture. Expressed in thousands. 910 343 640 402 668 678 98 5,313 4,017 1,594 219 163 64 1,343 672 404 267 144 192 725 619 413 247 259 286 1,938 1,612 1,528 601 633 489 160 160 102 863 596 181 324 210 112 5,144 3,934 2,623 t411 $964 84 136 65 136 835 1,356 404 707 671 890 1,141 1,791 231 349 40 76 3,336 2,630 1,413 26 46 38 142 557 5i91 684 2,277 1,901 2,566 1,797 2,311 1,633 666 739 620 617 428 264 260 2,272 1,309 427 141 37 1 336 169 76 17,470 8,602 2,932 8,811 6,058 4,228 192 116 44 2,156 1,206 794 73 60 56 29 64 15 385 439 194 131 111 33 1 Excluding statistics for one establishment, to avoid disclosure of individual operations, s Excluding statistics for two establishments, to avoid disclosure of individual operations. 5,544 4,452 2,548 165 243 203 204 22 47 1,196 1,164 1,280 4,524 3,609 4,191 3,699 4,369 2,943 1,014 609 273 1,180 1,251 609 427 527 4,123 2,565 462 160 6 661 398 161 19,942 9,808 3,264 20,776 14,557 9,279 350 217 107 4,185 2,543 1,829 148 88 106 151 158 108 979 917 414 393 303 91 $653 52 70 621 303 319 660 118 35 2,209 1,922 1,135 140 197 165 62 13 20 639 573 696 2,247 1,708 1,636 1,902 2,058 1,410 449 240 130 441 631 313 181 163 277 1,851 1,246 402 311 123 4 325 229 85 2,472 1,206 332 11,964 8,499 5,051 168 101 63 2,029 1,338 1,036 76 122 104 594 478 220 192 58 746 , SUPPLEMENT FOR NEW YORK. Table I.— COMPARATIVE SUMMARY FOR 1909, 1904, AND 1899— Continued. CITIES OF 50,000 INHABITANTS OB MOBE— ALL INDUSTKIBS COMBINED AND SELECTED INDU8TBIBS— Continued. Census. Num- ber ol estab- lish- ments. PERSONS ENGAGED IN INDUSTRY. Primary horse- power. Capital. Salaries. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Value added by manu- facture. mDUSTEY. Total. Pro- prietors and firm mem- bers. Salaried employ- ees. Wage earners (average num- ber). Expressed in thousands. BUFFALO— Continued. 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 3 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 3 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 <1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1901 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 <1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 22 115 113 4 4 3 16 19 18 32 2 30 28 16 17 16 17 14 HO 8 9 4 5 3 609 479 27 22 73 23 26 59 30 9 155 152 170 227 175 82 66 41 35 31 34 26 36 20 26 7 3 509 434 305 513 686 661 673 691 560 1,950 1,955 1,946 288 225 205 364 390 396 190 162 117 105 38 460 S938 568 376 3,058 1,926 1,295 12,784 9,312 9,135 5,051 4,270 3,152 15,472 4,431 2,394 753 553 793 256 253 180 79 13 $96 24 24 85 28 8 413 264 209 236 183 61 144 69 41 36 39 32 26 17 25 5 2 $262 195 142 246 264 220 536 437 111 1,106 1,036 775 222 161 123 243 246 217 91 71 43 69 22 SS21 356 276 2,194 1,694 1,162 1,481 1,204 862 3,325 2,937 2,269 5,657 2,239 1,377 443 151 207 276 289 166 200 28 $1,129 769 620 2,809 2,428 1,663 6,497 6,187 4,270 5,680 4,824 3,627 7,095 3,036 1,960 943 712 691 555 432 280 331 70 $608 413 244 Leather* tanned, curried, and finished . 579 724 580 828 746 735 2,202 2,168 2,065 362 282 265 410 444 7 8 10 3' 5 26 38 37 8 16 15 15 20 1,297 615 734 611 4,888 5,016 3,083 3,408 6,713 2,255 1,887 1,358 Malt 3,862 ^'S? 797 683 Marble and stone work 427 £00 sa 384 230 193 4 11 137 279 143 114 113 44' 1 3 125 131 42 Models and patterns, not Including papei patterns. 9 9 6 4 23 3 61 144 47 6 4 80 66 22 140 127 6 11 7 2 2 7 3 67 42 15 108 114 69 230 249 489 96 44 76 59 30 11 172 134 77 1,089 904 1,213 120 96 10 3 62 32 12 44 39 22 90 78 202 79 45 12 7 2 149 83 47 361 302 346 28 12 123 71 25 295 176 90 2,801 1,996 1,933 189 100 111 64 23 Paper goods, not elsewhere specified. . 30 11 4 302 84 80 35 11 98 30 14 4 196 88 79 31 9 146 93 43 Patent medicines and compounds and druggists' preparations. 580 371 613 137 62 48 38 44 6 7 362 2,440 1,694 1,587 153 161 88 164 2 161 2 131 39 33 32 8 10 9 3 3 3 188 1175 1176 3 5 3,994 3,520 133 148 772 503 448 232 277 203 230 571 493 8 11 13 38 34 16 14 11 3,089 2,869 2,389 1,662 1,182 974 1,360 1,141 743 47 39 55 516 539 325 32 50 3,588 6,649 5,730 4,235 7,271 4,974 5,222 7,257 5,674 2,565 73 45 62 600 558 420 172 192 786 535 363 329 265 147 215 370 267 5 8 10 34 26 15 16 11 1,937 1,577 1,256 963 602 458 545 435 242 32 19 28 282 286 179 15 25 2,355 1,849 1,072 21,789 14,220 10,117 5,760 3,257 2,475 44 22 7 560 324 299 52 109 7,679 6,446 4,025 25,416 16,220 11,772 8,653 4,793 3,819 138 107 104 1,237 983 812 126 213 5,324 4,597 2,953 Slaughtering and meat packing 1,929 1,490 1,214 1,592 1,722 1,249 58 SI 73 764 771 536 47 62 35 31 37 2 10 13 3 4 4 210 198 194 1 1 3,743 3,627 2,000 1,655 ■ 2,489 2,893 1,536 1,344 Stereotyping and electrotyping 112 94 85 97 21 687 659 513 220 74 104 All other industries ^. — 377 351 330 15,293 13,482 298 338 2,003 1,315 878 12,992 11,829 8,712 50,433 69,054 51,992 38,198 2,606 1,719 986 6,937 5,953 4,082 42,348 31,281 27,997 62,815 48,445 38,600 20,167 17,164 10,603 NEW YORK CITY— AU Industries. 25,938 20,839 19,243 312 146 152 24 12 680,610 552,962 29,056 24,650 97,453 63,586 43,783 899 210 229 26 47 554,002 464 716 388,686 8,449 3,295 3,903 227 512 429,003 $1,361,353 1,042,946 853,238 7,903 1,849 2,965 507 532 $182,074 73,028 51,656 1,023 175 227 25 65 $323,698 248,128 196,666 3,435 1,094 1,251 160 329 $1,092,165 818,029 631,210 12,237 1,447 2,190 195 249 $2,029,693 1,626,523 1,172,870 21,098 3,966 4,997 486 828 $937,538 708,494 538,660 Artificial flowers and feathers and plumes. 9,759 3,707 4,446 266 672 411 202 224 13 13 201 8,861 2,619 2,807 ArHfirial stone 222 291 579 Automobiles, including bodies and parts. 56 14 3 9 9 12 2,326 631 31 8 316 70 1,979 553 7 367 195 369 1,460 3,713 1,422 89 945 181 1 1,336 492 80 1,585 493 4 156 72 113 2,636 757 3 1,058 397 632 6,194 1,399 9 1,682 610 1,051 3,658 642 6 441 238 9 9 65 34 46 200 180 53 55 624 213 1:::::;:::: 419 1 Excluding statistics for two establishments, to avoid disclosure of individual operations. • Excluding statistics for one 6stablishment,.to avoid disclosure of individual operations. 3 Figures ean not be shown without disclosing individual operations. < Not reported separately. STATISTICS OF MANUFACTURES. 747 Table I.— COMPARATIVE SUMMARY FOR 1909, 1904, AND 1899— Continued. CITIES OF 50,000 INHABITANTS OR MOKE— ALL INDUSTRIES COMBINED AND SELECTED INDCSTBIES-Contlnued. Census. Num- ber 0/ estab- lish- ments. PEBSONS EKGAOED m INSnSTBT. Total. Pro- prletois and flim mem- bers. Salaried employ- (average num- ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Salaries. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Value added by manu- focture. Expressed in thousands. NEW TORK CITY— Contd. Baskets, and rattan and willow ware. Belting and hose, leather Bicycles, motorcycles, and parts Blacking and cleansing and polishing preparations. Bluing. Boots and shoes, including cut stock and findings. Boxes, cigar ^ , Boxes, fancy and paper Brass and bronze products Bread and other bakery products. . Brooms and brushes Buttons. Canning and preserving Carpets and rugs, other than rag Carpets,rag., Carriages and wagons and materials. Cars and general shop construction and repairs by steam-railroad com- panies. Cars and general shop construction and repairs by street-railroad com- Chemlcals. Clocks and watches, including cases and materials. Clothing, men's, Including shirts Clothing, women's Coffee and spice, roasting and grinding. 1909 1904 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1909 1904 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1S99 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 26 30 37 18 14 12 S 6 16 60 46 39 4 7 10 181 130 173 31 31 34 211 170 159 163 131 1128 2,378 1,976 1,966 84 147 46 33 73 "76 72 10 13 21 19S 197 209 3 6 10 13 5 6 33 34 37 20 20 2 21 2,526 1,861 2,076 2,995 2,140 1,607 61 57 66 462 527 342 451 357 671 26 66 677 600 558 26 64 91 9,177 6,672 6,326 1,396 1,676 992 8,018 7,968 6,956 4,197 3,147 2,460 20,401 15,692 14,369 1,609 1,796 1,626 3,636 2,028 1,471 1,340 1,394 266 1,188 1,679 65 68 50 2,379 2,953 1,619 1,209 3,686 3,489 2,168 1,812 1,255 1,046 1,676 1,915 2,160 77,643 60,789 110, 667 80,144 51,047 2,080 2,003 2,021 41 46 3 6 13 194 176 222 32 38 41 244 198 202 157 156 164 2,611 2,063 2,037 106 102 99 203 61 41 73 91 10 16 22 231 233 3,656 2,650 4,332 3,214 2,371 71 70 92 35 36 12 138 73 84 225 147 130 8 8 15 783 392 366 108 95 46 664 668 476 276 166 2,369 892 1,417 186 174 131 260 167 60 176 176 132 183 116 102 43 44 214 160 37 360 239 159 161 101 86 6,746 3,821 3,262 11,977 6,841 3,961 680 468 602 401 457 291 270 478 24 19 42 406 412 382 15 61 63 8,200 6,104 5,737 1,266 1,442 906 7,210 7,212 6,428 3,564 2,716 2,141 15,621 12,747 10,916 1,3*7 1,^20 1,396 3,172 1,810 1,380 1,034 1,128 990 215 1,165 1,616 47 62 26 2,016 2,637 2,343 1,617 1,166 948 3,471 3,339 2,131 1,438 996 877 1,417 1,797 2,051 67,142 44,318 34,737 94,258 70,089 44,716 1,329 1,476 1,427 129 15 10 2,569 913 3,064 6,642 1,189 1,960 1,186 3,207 4,716 11,167 3,475 $402 466 224 S38 34 15 S280 212 111 $413 374 208 $986 994 418 2,396 1,377 2,064 177 86 116 188 146 279 2,032 1,612 2,211 3,670 2,421 2,996 36 32 1 13 10 23 32 26 53 68 45 124 72 3 867 864 692 233 184 168 177 174 176 996 990 824 1,998 1,879 1,612 19 60 86 7 10 14 7 26 27 35 89 98 70 173 217 8,809 5,814 4,644 996 396 367 4,464 2,969 2,674 9,950 7,828 6,118 18,376 13,687 10,641 930 888 692 139 113 39 668 630 366 916 912 671 1,843 1,919 1,171 4,601 4,066 2,174 623 601 276 2,849 2,546 1,848 4,013 3,676 2,209 9,460 8,726 6,759 6,266 3,891 2,729 608 313 184 2,116 1,603 1,090 3,945 2,038 1,937 8,756 6,004 4,074 26,796 16,398 13,799 1,966 724 1,113 10,376 7,694 6,744 37,957 26,474 17,669 61,904 44,000 32,239 1,788 2,019 1,676 181 146 99 609 626 550 1,679 1,666 1,296 3,107 3,033 2,448 2,470 864 663 296 147 47 1,349 641 483 2,352 881 609 5,235 2,206 1,467 3,428 2,617 2,739 266 207 209 489 466 378 3,491 3,310 2,199 6,538 5,366 3,622 312 612 2,029 36 34 103 89 464 598 119 1,383 1,317 368 1,981 2,468 35 31 6 26 24 11 29 20 11 92 71 42 24 1 3,168 3,774 3,467 203 246 126 1,326 1,636 1,608 1,566 1,411 1,361 4,166 4,642 4,159 1,181 1,003 746 100 42 30 925 733 568 986 684 533 2,052 1,474 1,135 9,099 4,502 6,946 21 149 46 2,236 2,055 1,509 2,544 1,116 1,363 5,312 3,444 3,031 10,310 6,468 4,437 624 394 215 981 670 479 9,219 6,517 3,415 12,945 9,033 6,267 3,474 3,146 3,192 226 169 149 786 845 819 1,178 1,648 2,006 3,036 3,033 3,481 88,944 50,489 41,490 8,037 4,090 3,361 37,978 22,617 17,500 112,831 76,463 69,635 218,411 149,484 117,206 80,762 43,804 27,389 13,099 6,256 3,934 63,518 34, 551 20,929 144,845 89,092 54,639 266,477 168,419 102,712 6,103 10,131 8,658 731 541 567 649 757 657 11,448 21,814 17,279 15,819 25,807 21,346 $573 620 210 1,638 809 785 36 20 71 1,002 889 788 35 84 119 8,426 5,859 4,623 927 1,007 600 5,437 6,150 3,650 4,810 2,966 2,137 23,947 17,626 14,680 1,628 1,368 1,152 2,883 1,324 84S 2,047 2,055 1,423 239 698 1,161 51 31 2,699 3,131 2,798 1,066 790 602 2,768 2,329 1,668 3,726 2,516 1,862 1,858 1,385 1,475 106,580 73,031 57,671 121,632 79,327 48,073 4,371 3,993 4,067 1 Excluding statistics for two establishments, to avoid disclosure of individual operations. s Excluding statistics for one establishment, to avoid disclosure of iadividual operations. 748 SUPPLEMENT FOR NEW YORK. Table I.— COMPARATIVE SUMMARY FOR 1909, 1904, AND 1899— Continued. CITIES OF 50,000 INHABITANTS OE MOKE— ALL INDUSTKIES COMBINED AND SELECTED INDUSTRIES— Continued. NEW YORK CITY— Ck)nt(J. Coffins, burial cases, and undertakers' goods. Confectionery. Cooperage and wooden goods, not else- wnere specified. Copper, tin, and sheet-iron products. . Cordage and twine and jute and linen goods. Corsets Cotton goods, including cotton small wares. Cutlery and tools, not elsewhere speci- fied. Dyeing and finishing textiles. Electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies. Electroplating , Enameling and japanning Engravers' materials Fancy articles, not elsewhere specified. Files Flags, banners, regalia, society badges, and emblems. Food preparations Foundry and machine-shop products Fur goods Furnishing goods, men's Furniture and refrigerators Furs, dressed Gas and electric fixtures and lamps and reflectors. Census. 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1909 1904 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. 15 10 14 127 no 104 39 45 47 466 343 353 no Ul 39 30 30 13 15 18 70 78 66 160 133 104 97 77 70 28 156 125 163 6 6 50 47 42 95 95 87 923 1810 2 871 821 573 512 313 223 217 406 312 200 49 49 35 149 117 PERSONS ENGAGED Df INDUSTKT. Total. 731 706 7,641 6,202 1,200 1,646 11,399 9,905 4,619 3,762 3,349 2,445 1,107 428 89 658 763 574 3,198 1,383 1,143 7,002 6,063 5,763 652 67 1,637 1,558 84 44 62 3,649 2,549 2,673 129 84 76 678 472 389 2,320 1,698 1,425 29,200 29,075 10, 719 6,946 5,578 8,051 7,610 9,878 7,700 7,987 880 852 620 5,900 3,974 3,191 Pro- prietors and firm mem- bers. 14 9 16 119 126 42 62 437 397 67 64 44 77 81 95 119 97 13 22 33 7 7 7 172 162 220 12 66 61 49 102 104 104 758 801 1,264 906 765 409 322 464 410 64 64 40 127 100 103 Salaried employ- 188 123 85 1,000 646 47 65 40 1,118 658 471 181 170 93 278 94 69 46 3 41 104 23 45 361 105 70 !,239 836 900 53 32 15 4 127 49 19 4 8 632 203 276 12 3 1 57 49 404 252 188 4,428 3,394 2,578 1,631 742 629 1,347 940 1,000 599 540 60 23 916 638 384 Wags earners (average num- ber). 529 574 586 6,522 5,431 4,464 1,111 1,539 1,664 9,844 8,850 7,918 4,436 3,691 3,252 2,128 978 1,007 79 596 457 390 2,770 1,224 1,029 5,686 5,146 4,768 569 400 50 1,488 1,476 68 33 47 2,945 2,184 2,178 105 73 530 364 291 1,814 1,342 1,133 24,014 24,880 27, 198 7,824 5,298 4,184 6,295 6,248 7,945 8,414 6,691 7,179 748 738 457 4,857 3,336 2,704 Primary horse- power. 600 6,264 1,216 9,485 421 377 2,738 477 48 177 2,413 150 2,724 33,453 867 1,137 Capital. Salaries. $2, 101 1,409 842 9,030 6,648 4,638 3,824 2,998 23,437 18,248 9,866 10,060 7,108 6,723 2,091 728 574 828 103 801 847 649 1,534 4,035 1,931 1,709 10,623 10,098 8,782 287 309 193 72 4,246 2,669 130 74 49 6,483 1,973 2,148 109 73 79 757 760 571 3,428 2,266 1,981 82,973 63,889 68,929 18, 636 10, 791 6,918 10,326 7,133 7,673 11,446 7,226 7,808 735 602 431 8,383 6,462 3,817 Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Value added by manu- facture. Expressed in thousands. S199 161 99 $288 329 317 1,289 726 561 2,373 1,944 1,566 64 108 67 624 741 773 1,352 866 525 5,786 4,886 4,003 274 249 217 1,601 1,386 1,112 342 69 90 889 335 289 68 2 57 166 29 197 123 25 36 362 288 226 619 121 80 1,097 669 458 1,574 862 685 3,338 2,460 2,363 47 43 11 315 333 225 3 215 43 22 645 538 28 9 17 52 20 26 623 183 212 1,448 964 872 13 2 42 64 36 203 127 103 ,74 49 48 630 390 206 797 474 437 6,026 4,307 3,333 16,736 16, 245 16,165 1,693 764 617 5,483 3,278 2,386 1,688 752 920 2,998 2,161 2,845 1,179 734 622 5,359 4,146 4,087 86 62 25 512 517 297 1,254 777 456 2,915 1,836 ^ 1,465 11,213 1,018 454 12.395 8,448 6,582 2,221 2,795 2,262 12,067 8,182 6,618 4,271 6,124 6,060 2,172 500 574 187 672 2,727 401 448 6,837 5,506 6,903 206 316 131 17 1,027 1,648 194 79 126 2,890 1,761 1,683 39 36 16 712 458 427 4,983 2,928 2,699 24,058 21,040 26,468 23,434 14,733 8,433 15,646 9,804 11,062 8,731 5,857 5,950 253 380 235 4,349 3,050 1,884 $2, 102 1,970 1,211 20,062 14,045 10,834 3,446 4,061 3,544 23,303 17,389 14,502 7,374 9,570 8,769 4,610 1,447 1,355 1,051 260 1,118 1,346 968 738 6,003 1,707 1,460 14,788 11,008 10,851 77 2,357 2,869 328 127 195 6,987 4,331 3,892 121 119 71 1,347 868 814 8,046 5,094 4,443 63,853 67,937 61, 182 39,874 26,279 16,239 25,496 16, 613 18,708 19,439 13,934 14,004 1,209 1,400 749 10,7,W 7,456 4,964 t889 952 757 7,667 5,597 4,252 1,225 1,366 1,282 11,246 9,207 7,884 3,103 3,446 2,709 2,438 947 747 477 73 446 685 630 3,276 1,306 1,012 7,951 5, 662 4,948 667 447 60 1,330 1,221 134 48 4,097 2,570 2,209 82 83 S5 636 410 387 3,063 2,166 1,744 39,795 36,897 34,714 16,440 10,546 6,806 9,951 6,809 7,646 10,708 8,077 8,054 966 1,020 614 6,401 4,406 3,08« 1 Excluding statistics tor two establishments, to avoid disclosure of individual operations. 2 Excluding statistics for one establishment, to avoid disclosure of individual operations. STATISTICS OF MANUFACTURES. 749 Table I.— COMPAEATIVE SUMMARY FOE 1909, 1904, AND 1899— Cob tinued. CITIES OF 50,000 INHABITANTS OK MOKE— ALL INDUSTKIES COMBINED AND SELECTED INDUSTKIES— Ck)ntinued. NEW YORK CITY— Contd. Gas, illuminating and lieating Glass. Glass, cutting, staining, and orna- menting. Gloves and mittens, leather. Gold and silver, leaf and foil. Gold and silver, reducing and refining, not from the ore. Hair work.. Hand stamps and stencils and brands Hats and caps, other than felt, straw, and wool. Hats, fur-felt Hosier7 and knit goods. House-furnishing goods, not elsewhere specified. Ice, manufactured Ink, printing Ink, writing Instruments, professional and scien- tific. Jewelry Jewelry and instnnnent cases Kaolin and ground earths Lasts Lead, bar, pipe, and sheet Leather goods Leather, tanned, curried, and finished Census. 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1909 1904 . 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. 10 9 111 94 108 17 34 34 37 36 10 5 14 126 39 44 46 47 50 226 188 256 33 30 7 180 102 73 73 49 51 37 35 26 26 24 22 63 61 81 438 263 229 57 47 33 10 6 S 331 277 20 21 17 PEESONS ENGAGED IN INDUSTEY. Total. 6,296 6,324 5,026 948 1,160 1,046 2,360 1,831 1,557 465 293 548 402 481 509 64 43 2,704 492 436 376 428 3,822 3,856 4,686 1,993 1,842 1,471 6,082 4,329 2,713 1,055 1,429 803 584 314 422 336 213 171 118 1,358 777 759 6,668 4,615 3,448 878 781 465 107 150 49 225 176 120 211 177 106 7,672 7,356 533 691 804 Pro- prietors and firm mem- bers. 3 4 6 126 121 141 46 23 38 39 47 43 13 6 18 160 49 45 54 61 324 302 372 32 34 4 203 120 55 58 106 553 376 333 7 9 2 4 7 1 3 7 485 440 Salaried employ- ees. 1,970 1,207 961 61 61 46 182 101 114 253 68 22 75 39 22 288 173 188 191 123 72 498 184 167 111 140 ISl 107 69 45 357 123 123 36 13 222 72 71 1,076 502 282 76 68 28 10 14 2 28 13 10 33 27 22 579 475 62 56 29 Wage earners (average num- ber). 4,326 5,117 4,065 1,095 994 2,052 1,609 1,302 396 262 483 397 446 42 34 54 2,291 376 353 316 283 34S 3,210 3,381 4,126 1,770 1,685 1,395 5,381 4,025 2,521 702 869 1,213 685 604- 256 608 271 191 146 127 97 1,081 647 582 5,039 3,737 2,833 736 648 395 129 38 195 159 103 177 147 77 6,301 6,337 4,658 453 606 750 Primary horse- power. 23, 177 529 17 41 104 781 1,651 14,794 2,199 58 1,445 285 1,127 946 985 Capital. Salaries. Cost of materials. Value of products. Value added by manu- facture. Expressed in thousands. S203,758 164,523 134, 178 $2,320 1,396 1,031 $3,116 3,675 3,037 $12,736 9,347 5,041 $34, 117 29,715 17,116 1,267 1,160 849 95 88 49 487 627 441 281 498 287 1,128 " 1,552 940 1,908 1,032 1,107 250 135 111 1,352 1,024 759 1,130 756 1,138 3,448 2,577 2,641 316 147 245 25 5 25 195 127 192 291 159 236 668 374 586 285 396 402 10 30 22 201 220 200 476 505 652 833 945 1,184 540 317 602 13 20 10 34 27 39 2,396 3,689 4,314 2,603 3,776 4,528 3,250 679 446 230 57 19 1,050 162 139 4,482 461 277 7,817 998 771 364 281 359 83 49 26 191 145 166 155 96 128 578 452 552 2,688 1,819 2,475 378 187 189 1,940 1,795 1,896 3,730 3,196 4,055 7,515 6,657 7,932 2,947 2,336 1,447 222 132 139 1,084 1,065 867 2,567 1,619 891 4,766 3,899 2,241 8,003 4,582 2,727 653 220 195 2,353 1,451 924 7,515 3,149 1,832 13,565 6,235 3,628 1,225 1,193 979 113 113 118 341 381 418 1,503 1,362 1,794 2,534 2,471 2,891 4,454 5,125 2,043 200 74 38 547 363 163 839 523 231 2,813 1,502 900 2,998 1,372 1,067 574 181 152 358 179 117 1,850 1,070 681 3,965 2,256 1,381 602 642 431 120 78 26 62 52 47 283 214 255 737 562 499 2,420 820 761 272 85 69 678 375 344 654 300 255 1,909 1,109 983 12,263 8,230 5,454 1,091 542 270 3,617 2,436 1,901 10,004 5,643 5,160 19,236 11,348 9,712 761 636 318 75 66 19 395 292 180 532 437 235 1,353 1,102 658 135 245 78 14 24 3 47 76 22 138 204 73 245 376 134 197 166 79 53 23 13 135 95 58 144 52 50 455 259 186 945 681 535 72 50 28 114 93 42 1,574 2,700 1,310 1,891 3,098 1,592 7,912 5,524 4,406 1,026 542 435 3,440 2,711 2,046 10,049 7,955 5,526 17,775 14,525 10,400 1,177 1,684 2,365 89 63 33 235 299 362 1,276 1,698 2,474 1,946 2,228 3,331 $21,381 20,368 12,075 847 1,054 2,318 1,821 1,503 377 215 350 357 440 632 207 87 214 3,335 537 494 423 356 424 3,785 3,461 3,877 2,198 2,280 1,350 6,050 3,086 1,796 1,031 1,109 1,097 1,974 979 669 2,115 1,186 700 454 348 244 1,255 809 728 9,232 5,705 4,552 821 665 423 107 172 61 311 207 136 317 398 282 7,726 6,570 4,874 670 630 857 750 SUPPLEMENT FOR NEW YORK. Table I.— COMPARATIVE SUMMARY FOR 1909, 1904, AND 1899— Continued. CITIES OP 50,000 INHABITANTS OR MOKE— ALL INDUSTBIES COMBINED AND SELECTED INDUSTRIES— Continued. NEW TOaK CITY— Ck)ntd. Liquors, malt Looking-glass andj)ioture frames. Lumber and timber products Marble and stone work. Mattresses and spring beds. Millinery and lace goods Mirrors Models and patterns, not including paper patterns. Musical instruments and materials, not specified. Musical instruments, pianos and organs and materials. Census, Paint and varnish Paper goods, not elsewhere specified . . Patent medicines and compounds and druggists' preparations. Pens, fountain, stylographic, and gold. Photo-engraving Pipes, tobacco. Pottery, terra-cotta, and fire-clay products. Printing and publishing Rubber goods, not elsewhere specified Saws. Sewing machines, cases, and attach- ments. Shipbuilding, including boat building Show eases Silk and silk goods, including throw- sters. 1909 1904 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 19C9 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. PERSONS ENQAQED IN INDUSTRY. 74 115 96 106 275 257 196 247 168 193 122 92 95 548 62 72 37 46 42 133 117 105 82 165 166 433 371 277 30 24 23 46 36 47 21 27 34 10 1.5 17 2,883 2,326 1,849 36 43 50 10 9 11 71 76 90 17 13 11 118 84 68 Total. 6,878 6,691 5,846 1,509 1,217 9,292 8,711 4,795 5,389 Pro- prietors and firm mem- bers. 1,454 1,196 1,078 24,712 18,280 12,952 961 1,056 1,094 653 627 304 485 422 9,305 8,262 6,246 4,319 3,816 3,239 4,271 3,415 2,664 5,460 4,482 4,688 1,108 764 519 1,517 1,066 861 1,772 1,183 968 647 1,140 1,023 74, 118 60,233 47,178 1,161 2,300 2,118 162 147 16 80 74 129 4,328 4,996 4,179 452 272 261 8,887 7,901 5,868 122 112 255 327 246 255 215 Salaried employ- 130 116 122 1,181 793 669 46 64 61 no 76 87 37 49 42 84 101 121 60 86 40 66 71 75 291 29S 265 26 20 26 25 26 65 30 41 41 2 11 16 2,362 2,166 1,997 31 33 65 7 6 6 6 12 66 87 123 23 17 12 116 84 70 Wage earners (average num- ber). 1,065 1,122 991 207 127 119 887 728 403 478 409 282 211 131 104 2,970 1,816 1,180 110 130 75 32 34 30 794 678 376 1,457 815 708 731 341 330 1,987 1,369 1,203 353 131 306 171 129 160 36 80 65 93 74 23,444 17,711 8,837 192 31 36 1 18 11 42 240 260 127 60 14 23 810 700 262 5,793 5,444 4,824 1,180 978 1,140 8,160 7,656 5,440 4,062 4,765 4,217 1,113 949 852 20,661 15,671 11,213 782 809 913 854 502 414 236 402 350 8,427 7,483 5,749 2,802 2,915 2,491 3,485 3,003 2,269 3,172 2,827 3,120 730 613 406 1,187 868 667 1,682 1,106 837 680 1,036 934 48,322 40,367 36,344 940 1,998 1,871 113 104 9 66 58 75 4,022 4,649 3,929 379 241 226 7,952 7,117 6,636 Primary horse- power. 31,378 643 19,240 10,711 819 3,372 835 626 126 6,033 3,311 Capital. 2,928 192 275 705 37,835 2,916 38 1,756 Salaries. S87,006 76,699 66,686 1,609 903 1,077 17,227 14,273 8,611 10,056 7,566 6^513 2,046 1,092 813 19,413 11,036 7,692 1,329 1,058 1,427 1,254 641 410 354 1,134 997 23,086 16,638 11,618 20,267 17,837 15,830 6,525 4,661 3,929 12,866 10,062 12,425 1,853 881 569 807 768 491 2,148 679 663 1,589 2,325 1,867 123,146 100,388 79,577 2,801 3,237 3,378 213 319 26 128 81 126 10, 166 463 166 151 13, 147 10,146 7,073 Cost of materials. Value of products. Value added by manu- facture. Expressed in thousands. $3,345 3,028 2,543 266 148 131 1,152 929 474 738 562 341 192 119 130 3,178 1,468 1,062 128 91 • 107 169 71 27 1,434 1,056 567 2,134 1,194 1,270 894 462 400 2,873 1,886 1,606 374 133 103 367 208 121 170 35 73 116 143 91 28,874 19,043 11,187 349 387 253 26 27 1 23 12 28 456 377 204 68 16 1,064 787 375 $4,936 4,513 3,854 711 567 611 5,214 4,544 3,054 3,785 4,384 3,179 625 443 9,419 6,083 4,014 502 428 509 563 292 297 132 217 197 5,773 4,865 3,469 1,733 1,667 1,401 1,428 1,070 876 1,556 1,289 1,268 42? 362 240 1,196 764 618 727 508 478 360 524 394 35,097 27,092 22,689 600 796 739 64 51 5 34 35 41 2,732 3,342 2,373 206 138 120 3,565 2,931 2,239 $12,797 10,991 7,689 1,230 725 1,110 14,104 9,972 8,303 5,056 4,474 3,954 2,601 2,025 1,435 26,761 16,714 11,164 1,582 1,809 2,467 560 280 182 168 257 209 13,191 8,718 5,654 16,813 15,725 11,476 4,566 3,349 2,837 9,281 6,231 7,774 1,663 876 500 490 385 206 901 802 208 337 216 46,513 32,417 26,101 2,184 3,003 2,600 164 39 23 48 2,692 2,969 2,009 374 185 172 8,490 7,070 4,715 $53,469 43,168 39,106 2,991 2,046 2,627 24,122 21,219 14,352 12,205 11,915 10,244 4,367 3,381 2,744 61,239 32,343 20,984 2,612 2,743 3,884 2,095 1,015 766 737 566 25,516 18,930 12,881 26,664 22,830 17,563 8,833 6,197 5,094 24,984 18,116 18,413 3,219 1,945 1,182 2,517 1,782 1,090 3, 1.37 1,795 1,673 962 1,292 1,145 183,509 138,602 98,675 3,647 6,621 4,663 321 226 136 94 194 8,389 8,409 6,132 816 462 410 16,950 14,036 9,521 $40,672 42,177 31,417 1,761 1,321 1,517 10,018 11,247 6,049 7,149 7,441 6,290 1,766 1,356 1,309 24,478 15,629 9,820 1,030 934 1,417 1,535 735 584 301 480 357 12,325 10,212 7,227 9,851 7,105 6,077 4,267 2,848 2,257 15,703 11,885 10,639 1,656 1,069 682 2,027 1,397 884 1,729 894 871 754 966 136,996 106,085 72,574 1,463 2,518 2,057 157 160 20 96 71 146 5,C9V 5,440 4,123 442 277 238 8,460 6,966 4,806 1 Excluding statistics for one establishment, to avoid disclosure of individual operations. STATISTICS OF MANUFACTURES. 751 Table I.— COMPARATIVE SUMMARY FOR 1909^ 1904, AND 1899— Continued. CITIES OP 50,000 INHABITANTS OB MOBE— AIX INDrSTBIES COMBINED AND SELECTED INDUSTBIES— Continued. HEW YOBK CITY— Contd. Bllverware and plated ware Blaughterlng and meat packing. Smelting and refining, not from the ore. Soap.. Stationery goods, not elsewhere spec- ified. Steam packing Stereotyping and electrotyplng. Stoves and famaces, Including gas and oil stoves. Surgical appliances and artificial limbs Tobacco manufactures Toys and games Type founding and printing materials. Typewriters and supplies Umbrellas and canes Vinegar and cider Wall paper Wall plaster Window shades and fixtures Wlrework, Including wire rope and cable. Wood, turned and carved. Woolen, worsted, and felt goods, and wool hats. All other industries. Census. 1909 1904 1899 l"909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 Num- ber of estab- Ush- ments. 42 32 47 112 63 2,036 2,173 1,854 59 35 38 23 22 21 27 16 14 134 94 92 4 i 67 32 33 67 117 65 85 104 11 5 29 1,421 1,292 1,229 PERSONS ENQAQED IN DTDCSTET. Total. 1,852 1,806 2,154 4,863 2,633 2,484 331 187 244 2,191 1,464 1,223 788 651 777 659 148 1,036 833 567 1,342 430 204 514 539 271 26,664 29,294 24,345 1,284 591 542 260 272 455 905 629 569 2,322 1,812 67 50 74 811 858 912 782 1,200 2,066 712 1,012 500 673 46S 163 38,104 37,852 Pro- prietors and firm mem- bers. 43 36 61 127 84 103 16 9 9 34 43 50 46 29 38 14 13 22 26 2,199 2,350 2,050 170 130 155 79 104 104 126 13 12 11 1,461 1,473 Salaried employ- 216 246 812 380 365 81 33 76 223 192 200 117 100 71 43 220 120 70 59 29 127 75 46 1,944 1,495 1,018 128 32 33 54 45 49 226 106 96 255 192 193 15 6 143 73 197 167 119 158 237 60 100 5,921 4,166 2,808 Wage earners num- ber). 1,441 1,654 1,847 3,924 2,169 2,016 234 145 160 1,635 1,188 981 542 605 639 727 576 83 790 677 1,123 356 167 423 177 22,521 25,449 21,277 1,095 523 463 189 210 660 514 466 1,897 1,490 1,566 40 40 63 666 783 705 522 539 317 974 1,674 573 828 379 526 419 142 878 30,722 32,213 26,440 Primary horse- power. 1,144 8,715 285 3,144 245 1,210 1,180 2,696 172 2,116 297 217 407 495 566 3,730 130 724 824 565 60,664 Capital. Salaries. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Value added by manu- facture. Expressed in thousands. $3,794 3,153 3,160 25,185 12,055 9,458 2,694 1,197 819 8,912 4,491 4,055 1,168 1,038 1,091 2,707 3,927 263 1,054 1,033 3,185 922 434 682 607 34,003 40,641 16,804 1,075 527 531 611 735 878 2,251 1,125 2,219 1,262 1,551 133 96 2,020 1,906 3,098 3,833 2,361 1,717 993 1,672 1,827 769 910 373 471 1,036 191 1,231 159,735 147,922 140,217 260 260 1,212 558 419 109 79 97 563 300 244 221 119 97 166 142 300 137 280 78 139 69 34 2,607 1,518 1,315 121 38 37 85 S3 71 248 107 87 248 159 156 13 4 2 190 96 352 95 206 131 78 215 64 103 17 15 34 10 90 8,261 5,145 3,673 $978 905 1,068 3,171 1,793 1,357 161 86 127 840 574 468 277 224 257 352 263 49 771 597 746 226 83 208 239 105 10,307 10,958 9,129 415 189 173 131 134 218 279 251 614 601 20 16 36 359 391 911 429 371 196 147 534 829 282 257 333 207 67 258 17,811 16,957 12,827 $1,865 1,472 1,804 83,834 49,929 38,355 7,776 4,426 1,428 4,717 4,629 770 660 635 1,197 553 123 647 321 1,605 426 413 381 243 25,430 19,522 15,323 753 281 304 357 145 252 729 322 4,113 2,847 3,240 83 63 60 1,144 1,069 2,005 1,765 1,456 3,015 1,349 1,476 1,152 1,134 445 662 260 285 267 510 208,475 203,858 153,068 $4,199 3,505 4,106 95,802 55,938 43,360 8,417 4,845 2,074 13,925 7,929 7,730 1,748 1,387 1,512 2,090 1,524 348 1,961 1,380 3,106 1,081 622 1,119 873 480 50,525 41,828 1,634 740 736 749 554 781 1,961 1,081 911 6,374 4,689 6,081 131 116 133 2,437 2,297 2,903 2,173 4,125 1,979 2,011 2,368 3,015 1,090 1,707 771 1,512 427 1,145 272,198 260,509 188,761 $2,334 2,033 2,302 12,028 6,009 5,005 641 419 646 4,756 3,212 3,201 978 727 877 971 1,414 1,059 651 1,501 655 209 738 630 387 37,058 31,003 26,605 881 459 432 409 529 1,232 769 642 2,261 1,842 1,841 48 63 73 1,293 1,228 1,883 1,148 717 1,110 630 535 1,206 1,881 645 1,045 611 643 549 160 635 63,723 56,651 36,693 ' Not reported separately. • Excluding statistics for two establishments, to avoid disclosure of individual opKations. 752 SUPPLEMENT FOR NEW YORK. Table I.— COMPARATIVE SUMMARY FOR 1909, 1904, AND 1899— Continued. CITIES OF 50,000 INHABITANTS OB MOEE— AI.L, INDUSTRIES COMBINED AND SELECTED INDCSTBIES— Continued. NEW YORK CITY— Man- hattan and Bronx Boi- oagbs— All Industries. Artificial flowers and feathere and plumes. Artificial stone.. Baskets, and lattan and willow ware. Belting and bose, leather . Blacking and cleansing and pol ishin g preparations. Bluing. Boots and shoes, including cut stock and findings. Boses, cigar Boxes, fane; and paper Brass and bronze products Bread and other bakery products. . Brooms and brushes Census. Buttons. Canning and preserving Carpets, rag Carriages and wagons and materials. . Qocks and watches, including cases and materials. Clothing, men's, includmg shirts . . Clothing, women's Coffee and spice, roasting and grinding Confectionery Cooperage and wooden goods, not elsewhere specified. Copper, tin, and sheet-iron products. . 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 11899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1839 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 Clum- ber of estab- lish- ments. 19,769 16,975 14,363 301 138 142 10 8 79 112 24 22 27 172 137 139 116 93 92 1,326 1,070 1,011 6fi 69 62 12S 41 30 47 2 62 8 47 4 6 10 111 2 111 '111 PEES0N3 ENGAGED IN INDTJSTKY. 1,954 1,464 1,661 2,696 1,981 1,479 63 45 41 96 80 72 21 20 30 308 268 262 Total. 600,299 410,324 9,662 3,682 4,387 128 332 129 107 441 594 519 495 26 64 83 2,695 2,299 2,488 1,354 1,517 913 6,247 5,948 6,294 2,694 2,100 1,823 13,772 10,650 9,825 1,074 1,072 901 2,661 1,866 1,206 1,077 1,027 Pro- prietors and firm mem- bers. 22,668 19,387 397 191 216 6 12 34 36 30 1,642 1,942 197 182 133 59,473 40,760 102,947 76,383 48,152 1,378 998 928 6,768 4,900 130 283 4,983 4,096 111 107 143 23 28 31 204 163 178 119 116 110 1,415 1,120 1,062 76 71 63 177 66 39 Salaried employ- 77, 849 61,716 36,661 208 229 45 130 129 8 10 6 2,898 2,175 3,946 3,003 2,219 66 68 66 89 94 279 291 18 23 1 106 28 66 213 139 124 16 297 127 168 106 91 45 428 378 290 147 122 1,444 605 1,086 131 104 66 226 127 184 166 125 Wage earners (average num- ber). 399,792 339,221 286,265 8,356 3,183 3,943 112 294 90 140 100 52 27 13 6,199 3,627 3,160 11,620 6,734 3,868 667 304 332 746 632 413 10 13 16 608 363 214 Primary horse- power. 213,964 169 213 108 185 70 347 347 332 16 61 60 2,287 2,06;5 2,177 1,226 1,398 837 5,615 5,407 4,826 2,277 1,838 1,591 10,913 8,825 7,678 867 897 772 2,269 1,684 1,119 803 646 27 27 17 1,322 1,673 1,662 137 145 114 60,376 34,948 27,346 87,381 66,646 42,065 745 636 631 4,933 4,274 3,146 94 243 279 4,096 3,442 2,923 196 70 722 206 10 590 912 1,284 Capital. Salaries. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Value added by manu- facture. Expressed in thousands. 1,957 5,377 $822, 726 620, 626 611,918 7,838 1,803 2,923 67 116 196 480 978 IS 1,164 49 4,833 9,359 2,325 95 2,325 $94,971 $237,467 66,768 182,080 40,725 146,605 1,023 174 227 10 31 131 80 32 1,732 169 1,762 766 780 642 19 60 76 2,689 2,067 1,875 645 3,260 2,660 1,950 4,150 2,643 2,006 19,174 12,329 10,027 802 806 499 2,893 2,238 919 19 7 15 1,832 2,781 2,608 379 624 156 82,224 48,057 39,226 77,195 42,670 26,386 3,117 4,236 2,374 7,146 6,135 3,044 159 279 414 6,743 6,664 3,680 14 16 1 111 27 79 224 179 162 7 10 14 292 140 149 137 111 39 487 366 243 381 184 163 526 238 136 45 216 171 148 3,412 1,071 1,233 96 127 162 198 111 74 37 24 7,466 3,767 3,218 12,769 6,166 3,866 615 354 346 1,007 698 412 7 12 20 748 461 246 96 107 68 118 42 229 162 162 147 7 25 26 1,170 930 1,029 547 610 332 2,270 1,935 1,664 1,360 1,038 839 7,107 6,080 3,804 400 375 974 614 417 413 337 234 $725,466 507, 030 398,076 12,209 1,429 2,180 89 91 $1,431,089 1, 043, 252 810,808 21,024 3,900 4,955 262 330 863 1,134 1,100 112 111 97 29,386 18,679 14,417 60,491 33,293 19,933 371 361 251 1,845 1,663 1,157 62 156 172 2,669 2,181 1,866 1 Not reported separately. 2 Excluding statistics for two establishments, to avoid disclosure of hidlvidual operations. « Excluding statistics for one establishment, to avoid disclosure of individual operations. < Excluding statistics for three establishments, to avoid disclosure of individual operations. 146 86 43 1,383 232 1,733 824 802 728 97 3,186 2,097 2,845 891 883 527 3,205 2,781 2,036 2,442 1,434 1,249 25,703 17,946 12,066 1,036 1,066 843 622 2,780 2,393 1,501 14 8 7 1,076 128 207 171 106,654 73,673 57,969 140,222 87,443 63,373 7,014 8,406 4,694 10,136 6,961 4,681 108 361 421 4,760 3,162 3,226 $705,633 636, 222 412,732 8,816 2,471 2,776 173 358 274 145 2,730 378 2,323 1,699 1,609 1,454 70 173 212 5,506 4,887 4,778 1,796 1,847 1,066 7,489 6,684 6,240 5,424 3,487 41,878 29,880 21,946 2,097 1,847 1,498 4,142 2,109 1,236 4,624 4,139 2,475 43 32 26 2,804 3,111 2,961 432 517 367 199,095 140,393 110,663 266,668 164,723 99,466 9,657 10,533 6,444 16,216 11,679 7,613 253 632 777 10,307 7,698 7,218 213 188 - 102 1,347 146 690 87i 807 726 35 84 115 2,319 1,890 1,933 905 964 4,284 3,803 3,204 2J982 2,053 1,643 16,175 11,934 9,880 1,061 781 670 2,276 1,266 713 1,744 1,746 974 24 19 1,729 2,221 2,036 304 310 196 92,441 66,720 62,694 116,336 77,280 46,092 2,643 2,127 1,860 6,080 4,618 2,932 146 271 366 6,647 4,646 3,993 STATISTICS OF MANUFACTURES. 753 Table I.— COMPARATIVE SUMMARY FOR 1909, 1904, AND 1899— Continued. CITIES OF 30,000 INHABITANTS OK MORE— ALL INDUSTRIES COMBINED AND SELECTED INDUSTRIES— Continued. NEW YORK CITY— Man- hattan and Bronx Bor- onghs — Continued. Corsets. Cutlery and tools, not elsewhere speci- fied. Dyeing and finishing textiles. Electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies. Electroplating Fancy articles, not elsewhere specified Flags, banners, regalia, society badges, and emblems. Food preparations Foundry and machine-shop products Fur goods Furnishing goods, men's Furniture and refrigerators Gas and electric fixtures and lamps and reflectors. Gas, illuminating and beating. Glass,cutting,staining, and ornament- ing. Gold and silver, leaf and toil Hair worlc.. Hats and caps, other than felt, straw, and wool. Hats, fur-felt. Hosiery and knit goods. House-furnishing goods, not elsewhere specified. Ice, manufactured. Ink, printing Census, 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1909 1904 1909 1904 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 Num- ber of lish- ments. 63 45 54 29 21 134 116 90 84 125 40 33 53 61 55 566 2 514 2 574 804 558 482 297 8 199 206 320 248 160 122 64 77 15 18 17 120 35 36 205 180 237 PERSONS ENOAQED IN INDTJSTEY. Total. 2,246 864 514 416 1,036 887 6,017 5,620 6,265 564 614 2,280 1,705 2,335 647 455 337 1,429 1,211 12,851 14,698 17,415 10,271 6,679 6,228 7,474 6,001 7,000 5,712 6,441 4,994 3,259 2,669 2,998 3,738 3,636 1,375 1,131 1,197 349 328 2,627 455 3,190 3,442 4,521 690 649 182 1,270 1,137 1,224 759 871 983 482 392 135 478 242 199 Pro- prietors and firm mem- bers. 146 124 196 45 44 39 60 56 55 479 508 636 1,247 889 728 389 Salaried employ- ees. 349 314 209 78 76 104 18 27 22 152 45 297 287 349 28 31 252 81 75 21 33 301 63 46 ,074 769 842 52 25 14 150 245 236 214 168 1,982 1,646 1,636 1,551 709 880 1,273 834 839 740 474 446 779 445 315 1,171 742 765 128 72 95 13 37 19 261 68 20 240 160 174 92 66 23 179 127 100 122 107 64 37 12 208 75 60 Wage earners (average num- ber). 1,960 753 785 389 333 235 2,303 935 814 4,879 4,684 4,344 413 607 335 1,738 1,431 1,894 510 354 250 1,133 941 782 10,390 12,445 15,243 7,473 6,081 3,920 5,812 4,879 7,146 6,911 4,924 5,786 4,117 2,731 2,2'/7 1,827 2,996 2,871 1,169 237 286 287 2,224 342 328 2,653 2,995 3,998 570 462 159 1,020 971 1,086 584 416 349 121 258 144 119 Primary horse- power. 378 260 1,956 5,579 1,731 11,331 754 431 2,335 264 198 160 258 8,146 1,321 Capital. Salaries. Cost of materials. Value of products. Value added by manu- facture. Expressed in thousands. $1,863 647 451 $317 56 80 $839 267 224 $2,039 453 494 $4,290 1,168 1,104 556 466 1,302 102 23 26 265 216 130 280 223 162 968 768 489 3,305 1,444 1,270 501 79 60 870 437 369 2,372 294 347 5,110 1,248 1,132 8,457 9,657 8,343 1,329 797 640 3,003 2,212 2,197 5,174 5,005 6,504 12,012 • 10,022 10,081 246 269 165 45 40 11 277 298 191 188 299 114 789 899 505 3,025 1,472 1,904 391 137 183 806 624 782 1,942 1,271 1,531 4,403 3,130 3,621 746 738 650 74 49 47 194 123 87 699 452 407 1,310 844 764 2,028 1,640 1,193 387 346 183 530 348 321 3,350 2,269 2,050 5,331 4,039 3,467 26,212 25,627 26,892 2,483 2,043 1,935 7,163 8,300 9,369 11,372 11,460 14,989 27,419 29,780 34,699 17,826 10,201 6,285 1,629 730 574 5,323 3,168 2,232 22,729 14,349 8,018 38,682 24,613 14,444 9,616 6,472 7,181 1,621 699 894 2,828 1,811 2,607 15,058 8,889 10,668 24,640 14,986 17,540 8,128 5,415 6,536 841 549 515 3,864 3,192 3,398 5,820 4,538 4,760 13,537 10,838 11,391 7,084 4,663 3,070 1,065 663 383 2,494 1,530 1,234 3,649 2,546 1,648 9,179 6,281 4,279 92,654 79,681 66,219 1,403 899 834 1,310 2,175 2,052 7,242 5,322 3,234 17,923 17,818 10,797 1,265 803 897 179 106 96 815 664 602 660 482 942 2,054 1,710 2,143 203 344 318 9 30 22 146 172 139 336 404 514 610 755 931 3,180 641 427 230 67 18 1,031 155 131 4,433 448 266 7,716 970 734 2,191 1,683 2,409 303 174 177 1,648 1,654 1,858 3,184 2,958 3,902 6,400 6,103 7,669 722 269 60 90 49 16 366 279 68 1,271 657 181 2,108 1,242 342 1,661 889 1,084 173 119 103 440 323 362 1,964 975 738 3,506 1,967 1,491 996 980 601 101 95 90 291 304 272 1,298 1,144 1,491 2,185 2,074 2,281 2,330 3,707 1,063 90 38 13 326 261 76 666 389 117 1,870 1,075 494 1,952 764 754 364 99 76 166 95 73 851 5*1 428 2,038 1,292 827 $2,251 715 610 543 337 2,738 964 785 6,838 5,017 4,577 601 600 391 2,461 1,859 1,990 611 392 347 1,981 1,770 1,417 16,047 18,320 19,710 15,953 10,264 6,42« 6,097 6,872 7,717 6,300 6,641 5,530 3,735 2,631 10,881 12,496 7,663 1,394 1,228 1,201 274 351 417 3,283 622 3,216 3,145 3,757 837 585 161 1,541 992 763 887 930 790 1,314 706 377 1,187 761 • Excluding statistics for nine establishments, to avoid disclosure of individual operations. 2 Excluding statistics for one establishment, to avoid disclosure of individual operations. ' Excluding statistics for five establishments, to avoid disclosure of individual operations. 754 SUPPLEMENT FOR NEW YORK. Table 1.— COMPARATIVE SUMMARY FOR 1909, 1904, AND 1899— Continued. CITIES OF 50,000 INHABITANTS OB MORE— ALL INDUSTBIES COMBINED AND SELECTED INDUSTRIES— Continued. NEW 70RK CITY— Man- hattan and Bronx Boi- onghs — Continued. Instruments, professianal and scien- tiflc. Jewelry Jewelry and instrument cases Leather goods Leather, tanned, curried, and finished Liquors, malt. . . ; Looking-glass and picture frames Lumber and timber products Marble and stone work Mattresses and spring beds Millinery and lace goods Mirrors Models and patterns, not including paper patterns. Musical instruments and materials, not specified. Musical instruments, pianos and organs and materials. Paint and varnish. Paper goods, not elsewhere specified. Patent medicines and comixiunds and druggists' preparations. Pens, fountain, stylographic, and gold Photo-engraving Pipes, tobacco Printing and publishing Census, 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1909 1904 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1909 1904 1899 Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. 40 41 56 414 255 221 54 44 28 327 290 36 41 42 94 85 89 167 '169 123 96 2 89 105 71 73 821 515 361 31 29 30 74 53 50 29 38 32 121 102 93 27 29 35 62 2 50 = 53 354 304 219 25 22 22 46 35 46 13 20 2,525 2,054 1,626 PEESONS ENGAQED IN INDUSTEV. Total. 433 437 <415 6,391 4,543 3,341 792 605 376 6,995 6,913 137 170 4,334 3,782 3,506 1,210 1,138 3,835 4,055 2,932 2,331 3,740 1,139 981 972 22,490 17,286 12,304 759 820 893 580 413 361 8,031 6,903 5,344 580 696 2,886 2,297 1,768 3,902 3,654 2,916 1,025 743 508 1,517 1,025 860 468 684 914 65,622 54,460 42,489 Pro- prietors and firm mem- bers. 29 33 67 524 363 319 04 61 35 418 392 16 163 220 145 101 113 92 88 96 1,103 750 534 41 50 50 84 59 57 31 42 32 69 76 105 16 30 38 53 69 245 252 213 21 18 22 26 26 64 14 29 35 1,979 1,881 1,745 Salaried employ- 77 40 40 1,043 498 278 59 24 814 568 469 34 17 12 651 592 567 181 128 111 460 417 257 303 233 165 112 101 2,789 1,725 1,161 82 86 109 748 649 341 ■ 226 176 209 242 247 1,454 1,061 884 341 131 305 169 129 36 16 79 22,038 16,885 8,275 num- ber). 327 4,824 3,682 2,744 600 575 317 5,703 6,963 4,410 97 137 149 3,672 3,173 2,920 931 911 1,076 3,222 3,418 2,561 1,973 3,324 2,846 882 781 776 18,598 14,811 10,609 629 688 853 700 452 302 170 340 303 7,214 6,278 4,898 338 490 685 2,269 2,002 1,462 2,203 2,341 1,819 663 594 398 1,187 830 667 418 639 80O 41,505 36,684 32,469 Primary horse- power. 1,351 863 20,696 1,330 2,972 395 4,744 726 1,476 1,430 177 275 124 32,366 Capital. Salaries. Cost of materials. Value of products. Value added by manu- facture. Expressed in thousands. J649 402 432 $81 46 33 J217 209 180 1246 176 169 J714 680 612. 11,926 8,169 5,106 1,073 638 265 3,482 2,407 1,839 9,348 5,605 4,762 18,305 11,253 9,173 641 501 282 69 54 18 372 275 161 603 419 219 1,285 1,043 601 6,939 6,088 4,228 930 517 430 3,214 2,562 1,943 9,407 7,665 6,345 16,452 13,917 .9,993 495 457 1,072 55 16 10 65 S3 83 512 408 592 821 615 771 66,208 60,004 46,281 1,906 1,660 1,606 3,102 2,674 2,335 8,231 6,648 4,738 34,412 26,195 24,460 1,248 819 995 229 147 126 578 536 579 958 647 1,040 2,387 1,894 2,476 5,647 5,294 3,872 542 531 254 2,244 2,273 1,469 5,177 4,570 3,949 9,787 9,713 6,980 5,268 4,864 3,936 405 417 274 1,863 3,098 2,136 2,799 3,085 2,633 6,397 8,260 7,017 1,778 853 762 152 106 129 543 440 403 2,180 1,785 1,330 3,607 2,930 2,530 17,863 10,529 7,666 2,986 1,397 1,029 8,690 5,800 3,875 25,095 16,281 10,972 47,916 31,311 20,513 1,115 924 1,352 100 76 100 415 381 484 1,398 1,702 2,444 2,250 2,531 3,806- 1,080 594 316 155 66 24 459 262 188 451 251 134 1,745 913 640 273 1,069 903 20 43 36 98 182 176 96 235 187 296 654 495 20,034 12,254 9,420 1,373 921 495 4,924 4,014 2,907 12,414 7,301 5,086 23,511 16,102 11,396 1,427 1,822 2,260 215 168 258 236 284 415 1,549 1,776 2,917 2,560 2,679 4,309 4,339 2,499 2,570 644 298 276 929 662 565 2,899 1,886 1,686 5,763 3,811 3,236 8,882 7,133 7,628 2,172 1,468 1,091 1,093 1,037 730 6,153 5,216 3,979 18,305 15,047 11,956 1,783 874 661 359 133 103 389 362 236 1,460 854 494 3,017 1,904 1,169 807 728 491 357 201 121 1,195 737 518 490 362 206 2,517 1,722 1,090 361 343 650 31 20 72 205 276 464 451 607 783 858 1,002 1,626 106,826 89,164 73,116 27,189 18,636 10,590 30,899 24,347 20,699 41,062 29,487 24,162 168,176 128,971 92,301 $468 604 443 8,957 5,648 4,411 782 624 7,045 6,252 4,648 309 207 179 26,181 19,647 19,722 1,429 1,247 1,436 4,610 5,143 3,031 3,598 5,175 4,384 1,427 1,145 1,200 22,821 15,030 9,541 852 829 1,362 1,294 662 406 200 419 11,097 8,801 6,310 1,011 903 1,392 2,864 1,926 1,550 12,152 9,832 7,977 1,567 1,050 675 2,027 1,360 884 407 495 843 127,114 99,484 1 Excluding statistics for five establishments, to avoid disclosure of individual operations. " Excluding statistics for one establishment, to avoid disclosure of individual operations. STATISTICS OF MANUFACTURES. 755 Table I.— COMPARATIVE SUMMARY FOR 1909, 1904, AND 1899— Continued. CITIES OF 50,000 INHABITANTS OB MORE— AIL INDUSTBIES COMBINED AND SELECTED INDUSTKIES— Continued. NEW YORK CITY— Man- hattan and Bronx Bor- oughs—Continued. Rubber goods, not elsewhere specified . Saws. Shipbuilding, including boat building. Show cases Sill£ and silk goods, including throw- sters. Silverware and plated ware Slaughtering and meat packing. Smelting and refining, not from the ore. Soap. Stationery goods, not elsewhere speci- fied. Steam packing Stereotyping and electrotyping. Census. Stoves and furnaces, including gas and oil stoves. Surgical appliances and artificial limbs. Tobacco manufactures. , Toys and games Type foimding and printing materials. Umbrellas and canes Window shades and fixtures Wirework, including wire rope and cable. Wood, turned and carved . All other industries. 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1909 1904 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. 35 37 1,341 1,600 1,220 39 19 26 18 21 21 122 87 54 23 29 47 92 49 60 68 77 1,294 1,180 1,171 PEES0N3 ENGAGED IN INDUSTET. Total. 372 1,282 1,410 11 14 827 1,697 1,669 169 126 136 5,169 4,456 4,226 1,208 1,401 1,929 3,933 2,229 2,186 218 161 192 797 1,140 956 663 608 631 159 109 1,036 833 567 Pro- prietors and firm mem- bers. 586 418 374 464 224 23, 112 27,140 21,991 932 307 387 194 254 465 2,088 1,726 619 177 627 1,483 467 694 412 472 28,795 26,895 37 32 40 1,430 1,642 1,384 41 21 29 11 16 14 164 120 Salaried employ- 167 166 67 80 42 18 7 19 610 483 260 196 230 665 316 330 27 73 191 166 133 171 107 79 30 7 24 220 120 70 112 58 earners (average num- ber). 49 122 61 81 86 93 1,293 1,345 67 39 1,804 1,447 942 110 31 33 48 45 229 190 193 121 30 29 87 166 31 62 12 16 4,923 3,250 2,347 262 1,091 1,193 6 8 742 1,494 1,585 138 110 112 4,561 3,916 4,001 925 1,176 1,648 3,187 1,847 1,778 140 128 113 686 948 792 460 473 519 120 93 31 790 677 460 346 Primary horse- power. 16 249 366 145 19,878 24,061 19,666 781 255 325 135 193 392 1,705 1,416 1,499 338 117 200 491 1,196 365 461 314 363 22,579 22,300 19,663 I..., 1 Not reported separately. Capital. Salaries. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Value added by manu- facture. Expressed In thousands. 139 2,485 874 1,783 472 311 $542 1,716 1,944 tl03 205 212 tl60 369 442 7 4 3 1 g 8 2,630 3,177 2,270 102 136 89 582 1,141 956 149 87 76 20 7 16 74 62 48 7,755 5,359 4,428 666 537 272 2,118 1,696 1,579 2,794 2,691 2,977 318 228 249 689 682 942 22,276 10,614 8,829 1,055 485 387 2,691 1,640 1,213 2,309 1,115 719 94 69 93 109 76 94 1,823 3,442 3,213 264 232 188 316 438 376 971 983 958 190 108 70 239 213 220 252 76 128 47 9 34 82 41 23 1,054 1,033 604 300 137 66 771 697 339 1,141 911 164 77 364 221 616 434 176 100 63 28 164 198 90 29,447 39,198 16,154 2,423 1,476 1,239 9,194 10,272 8,409 885 381 433 105 35 37 322 112 132 343 713 878 79 53 71 92 117 218 2,018 1,215 1,501 223 157 156 806 592 678 969 163 421 121 30 34 198 63 86 736 993 430 90 126 31 246 635 181 464 268 259 63 12 12 339 216 226 66,885 46,660 63,001 6,296 3,510 2,786 13,908 11,636 9,896 1768 2,000 2,043 5 4 5 566 825 664 120 47 47 4,916 3,709 3,301 1,404 1,241 1,702 69,090 43,133 34,549 6,682 4,186 1,148 2,520 3,361 3,735 639 631 663 140 83 66 647 321 209 744 410 220 206 79 22,585 18,460 13,726 580 173 252 298 142 252 3,454 2,809 3,198 1,837 416 766 685 743 282 383 175 182 62,023 47,679 39,294 II, to 3,791 15 17 13 1,603 2,533 2,264 314 188 146 10,051 7,887 6,768 3,161 2,906 3,745 79,288 48,386 39, 195 7,219 4,558 1,745 4,320 5,694 6,479 1,499 1,320 1,347 381 190 204 1,961 1,388 860 1,579 1,051 771 763 411 54,880 47,749 37,431 1,268 493 604 616 628 781 5,630 4,594 4,992 2,612 626 1,093 1,293 2,001 685 599 623 90,842 78,569 63,862 $537 1,791 1,639 10 13 8 1,037 1,708 1,600 194 141 5,135 4,178 3,467 1,747 1,665 2,043 10,198 6,253 4,646 537 372 697 1,800 2,333 2,744 860 241 107 148 1,414 1,059 651 835 641 551 657 332 32,295 29,289 23,706 68S 320 362 318 386 629 2,076 1,786 1,794 775 210 327 1,258 403 424 441 38,819 30,890 24,558 756 SUPPLEMENT FOR NEW YORK. Table I.— COMPARATIVE SUMMARY FOR 1909, 1904, AND 1899— Con tinued. CITIES OF 50,000 INHABITANTS OB MORE— ALI, INDUSTBIES COMBINED AND SELECTED INDUSTKIES— Continued. NEW YORK CITY— Brook- lyn Borough— All industries. Arttflcial stone Boxes, cigar Brass and bronze products Bread and otlier bakery products Canning and preserving Carpets, rag Carriages and wagons and materials . Chemicals. Clocks and watches, including cases and materials. Clotliing, men's, including shirts.. Clothing, women's Cordage and twine and jute and linen goods. Cutlery and tools, not elsewhere speci- fied. Dyeing and finishing textiles Electroplating Fancy articles, not elsewhere specified Food preparations Foundry and machine-shop products Fur goods Census, Furnishing goods, men's. . . Furniture and refrigerators. Furs, dressed 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 U899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. 5,218 4,182 4,301 6 4 7 7 7 43 2 36 3 36 853 767 805 20 2 14 20 10 66 *69 3 71 19 18 17 7 65 68 563 377 605 290 163 126 6 >6 36 19 3 18 3 16 11 6 6 2 17 17 36 31 30 305 6 263 277 17 16 30 16 3 16 10 79 69 40 36 24 21 PERSONS ENGAGED IN INDUSTEY. Total. 145,222 119,924 66 239 1,448 1,006 627 6,660 4,627 3,961 227 264 678 749 1,216 984 481 1,379 284 17,957 9,969 7,239 3,625 2,846 4,676 2,675 119 161 238 162 84 635 363 338 617 431 382 13,096 13,178 448 268 360 578 1,050 2,778 1,875 1,646 662 460 316 Pro- prietors and firm mem- bers. 5,495 4,597 10 37 39 44 884 789 819 18 11 749 466 376 203 149 25 23 24 36 44 44 244 262 Salaried employ- 15,844 9,932 6,826 9 21 109 88 59 51 33 27 171 125 33 872 267 294 43 17 47 34 30 13 224 162 83 99 21 24 546 194 102 338 103 93 178 129 72 63 31 13 1 7 1 69 37 30 128 32 24 1,897 1,612 965 80 33 49 74 86 29 236 116 94 38 11 earners (average num- ber). 123,883 104,995 87,445 64 217 30 31 69 1,240 842 550 3,794 3,471 2,34S 166 236 302 20 26 564 633 544 812 390 1,280 260 378 16,662 9,300 7,327 6,525 3,319 2,604 4,398 2,546 2,302 190 95 124 375 197 139 67 62 65 541 303 284 464 355 314 10,955 11,404 11,611 351 218 264 484 944 457 2,433 1,671 1,393 673 416 281 Primary horse- power. 147,580 77 1,074 1,035 168 656 3,151 2,530 1,066 9,377 106 95 643 Capital. Salaries. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Value added by manu- facture. Expressed in thousands. $362,337 313,492 263,471 233 416 14,845 103 67 2,422 887 19 21 47 2,028 1,196 724 6,051 3,590 3,251 474 333 1,734 17 16 7 1,030 800 841 7; 377 4,610 2,107 3,095 785 641 6,676 2,428 2,250 2,854 1,118 990 10,008 6,106 5,146 279 150 209 611 326 303 41 40 28 747 320 246 743 439 560 43,016 35,813 30,6l3 590 633 710 641 284 3,208 1,735 1,273 407 224 273 $21,146 13,521 9,097 12 36 217 125 32 664 189 205 46 34 57 151 37 43 572 323 143 310 86 78 267 211 164 113 31 12 1 3 $68,328 64,535 42,341 29 202 96 33 29 161 38 17 2,723 1,988 1,300 64 34 43 68 48 17 317 167 107 42 16 10 11 15 33 721 441 251 2,746 2,242 1,711 93 101 13 11 3 386 401 325 703 460 210 674 192 250 8,543 3,913 3,065 2,792 1,222 987 1,689 1,025 91 58 81 172 74 63 35 34 280 139 90 171 108 104 7,679 7,335 6,626 160 120 164 170 237 147 1,467 900 394 306 170 $235,132 230,809 206,335 79 159 1 Not reported separately. ' Excluding statistics for one establishment, to avoid disclosure of individual operations. 3 Excluding statistics for two establishments , to avoid disclosure of individual operations. < Excluding statistics for four establishments, to avoid disclosure of individual operations. <• Excluding statistics for three establishments, to avoid disclosure of individual operations. 6 Excluding statistics for five establishments, to avoid disclosure of individual operations. 25 26 43 1,418 688 10,287 7,472 4,802 666 860 646 15 13 6 406 395 360 8,401 6,979 2,691 1,050 669 960 6,172 2,777 1,676 3,975 1,632 1,266 4,188 6,238 5,205 176 45 42 $417,223 373,463 313,817 153 499 47 61 106 3,176 1,462 1,182 16,905 12,453 9,030 935 1,108 49 39 15 1,126 1,115 986 10,827 7,978 3,574 2,603 978 1,453 19,243 9,050 6,522 8,508 3,620 7,264 8,167 7,311 362 156 202 $182,091 142,654 107,282 74 340 271 67 43 716 313 194 446 246 151 18 18 17 96 84 73 78 66 66 596 208 152 1,288 491 371 692 283 219 1,064 533 611 1,697 852 889 633 319 278 9,081 8,994 10,998 28,137 26,078 26,411 19,056 17,084 14,413 706 384 416 1,193 666 795 488 282 380 487 847 389 866 1,331 635 369 484 246 2,867 1,273 1,200 5,750 2,946 2,614 2,893 1,673 1,414 183 81 146 845 575 426 662 494 280 22 35 1,768 874 494 6,618 4,981 4,223 269 248 377 34 26 10 720 720 625 2,426 1,999 1,653 309 493t 13,071 6,273 4,847 4,533 1,988 1,967 3,076 2,929 2,106 187 111 160 STATISTICS OF MANUFACTURES. 757 Table I.— COMPARATIVE SUMMARY FOR 1909, 1904, AND 1899— Continued. CITIES OF 50,000 INHABITANTS OK MORE— ALL INDUSTBIES COMBINED AND SELECTED INDUSTRIES— Continued. NEW YORK CITY— Brook- lyn Borough— Continued. Gas and eleetrio fixtures and lamps and reflectors. Gas, illuminating and heating. Glass. Glass, cutting, staining, and orna- menting. Hair work . Hats, fur-Ielt. Hosiery and knit goods. House-furnishing goods, not elsewhere specilied. Ice, manufactured . Instruments, professional and scien- tific. Kaolin and ground earths. Leather goods Leather, tanned, curried, and finished Liquors, malt Looking-glass and picture frames Lumber and timber products Marble and stone work Millinery and lace goods Mirrors Paint and varnish Patent medicines and compounds and druggists' preparations. Printing and publishing. Census. Shipbuilding, including boat buildmg. 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1909 1904 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1909 1904 1909 1904 2 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 Num- ber of estab- Ush- ments. 27 1 19 23 119 858 40 52 131 34 11 12 304 »225 186 PEE30NS ENGAGED IN INDUSTBT. Total. 678 518 2,251 2,103 680 981 995 905 77 1,303 1,294 1,289 4,359 3,081 1,544 140 184 446 239 118 104 363 331 338 53 134 520 2,029 2,145 1,829 299 80 4,191 4,156 2,857 1,135 1,008 1,839 954 643 179 123 2,440 2,249 1,162 772 1,631 8,021 6,457 4,423 22 2,286 1 30 834 145 II 1,095 I Pro prietors and firm mem- bers. 4 3 4 128 70 49 10 6 15 3 1 4 24 22 36 1 6 44 43 50 328 239 212 20 38 60 Salaried employ- ees. 137 91 532 412 99 67 49 291 67 67 12 18 44 31 18 18 13 48 6 6 28 39 17 316 396 323 20 1 351 267 163 96 71 39 166 91 19 21 14 764 417 294 382 285 311 1,333 772 531 Wage earners (average num- ber). 740 571 426 1,719 1,691 640 935 952 812 619 297 67 34 25 1,200 1,224 1,236 3,940 2,954 1,428 118 161 387 205 99 82 278 277 271 44 116 390 242 218 356 468 601 1,708 1,745 1,497 249 68 64 3,764 3,817 2,617 967 870 1,049 1,601 826 600 153 105 1,636 1,786 1,298 736 444 1,270 6,360 4,446 3,680 2,180 747 Primary horse- power. 7,936 240 1,306 5,060 229 70 9,120 9,446 1,953 275 196 5,627 1,267 6,134 6,057 Capital. Salaries. Cost of materials. Value of products. Value added by manu- facture. Expressed in thousands. $1,299 775 745 49,607 40,738 641 607 220 195 70 38 20 2,225 2,067 1,387 6,734 3,626 1,634 229 213 378 1,350 847 659 628 416 326 77 239 650 210 148 1,227 1,293 25,156 19,338 16,740 361 84 81 8,812 7,640 4,166 1,930 1,668 1,787 1,288 491 135 214 130 11,861 12; 179 9,476 3,196 2,824 4,740 16,269 10,899 6,133 4,808 999 1,981 $189 110 73 637 436 132 83 122 440 100 92 12 18 27 50 6 4 34 46 23 1,188 1,067 795 27 1 6 471 330 205 161 fto 56 174 61 23 27 13 1,193 664 624 614 389 402 1,597 952 673 165 64 45 $421 286 230 1,303 1,261 275 600 415 602 367 163 20 7 718 786 799 1,771 1,093 561 60 77 146 160 68 55 162 164 163 22 66 167 96 87 170 216 279 1,468 1,386 1,202 133 31 32 2,260 2,001 1,441 877 742 772 626 270 137 87 41 1,037 706 341 237 524 3,926 2,626 1,778 1,368 519 667 $700 484 235 2,795 2,160 167 405 268 443 270 189 49 13 11 1,296 961 710 6,144 2,102 1,088 206 219 303 213 89 82 163 123 84 96 204 464 179 149 764 1,190 1,882 3,694 3,346 2,232 271 79 70 6,801 4,666 3,757 1,129 763 1,018 1,481 431 191 184 103 10,430 11,268 6,332 2,343 926 3,726 5,178 2,813 1,882 603 671 75140° -40 1 Excluding statistics for two establishments, to avoid disclosure of individual operations. 2 Figures can not be shown without disclosing individual operations. 3 Excluding statistics.for one establishment, to avoid disclosure of individual operations. $1,571 1,108 683 9,492 7,641 624 1,196 1,301 850 483 101 28 36 2,657 2,657 1,899 9,360 4,132 2,126 350 396 610 666 261 280 622 420 366 155 359 954 376 1,126 1,614 2,660 14,660 12,541 11,381 604 153 151 10,963 10,166 6,488 2,786 2,186 2,477 2,926 1,009 467 362 197 15,743 15,648 9,393 5,071 2,876 6,261 14,436 9,097 6,060 4,531 1,428 1,760 $871 624 448 6,697 5,391 467 791 .600 858 680 294 62 15 25 1,361 1,696 1,189 4,206 2,030 1,038 144 177 307 463 172 198 297 281 59 155 490 197 189 361 424 678 10,966 9,195 9,149 333 74 81 4,152 5,490 2,731 1,657 1,423 1,469 1,446 678 276 178 94 5,313 4,280 3,061 2,728 1,950 2,536 9,258 6,284 4,168 3,251 925 1,089 758 SUPPLEMENT FOR NEW YORK. Table I.— COMPARATIVE SUMMARY FOR 1909, 1904, AND 1899— Continued. CITIES OF 50,000 INHABITANTS OB MOBE— ALL INDUSTEIES COItlBINED AND SELECTED INDUSTEIES— Continued. Census Nimi- berot estab- Ush- ments. PERSONS ENGAGED nj INDDSTET. Primary horse- power. Capital. Salaries. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Value INDDSTET. Total. Pro- prietors and firm mem- bers. Salaried employ- ees. Wage earners (average num- ber). added by manu- facture. Expressed m thousands. NEW YORK CITT-Brook- lyn Borough— Continued. Show cases 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 = 1899 1909 1904 '1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1893 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 •1899 1909 1904 1899 8 5 5 8 14 »3 32 111 2 15 556 573 560 4 4 4 17 22 16 19 16 24 1,086 857 887 283 119 125 644 392 154 930 386 243 2,868 1,867 2,083 57 50 45 546 579 255 396 85 180 43,864 45,376 10 S 7 10 5 7 46 16 21 587 603 591 2 4 4 15 30 18 21 17 30 1,081 960 32 4 4 118 21 15 147 63 26 115 43 70 15 6 2 70 71 29 26 5 5 5,311 3,605 2,611 241 107 114 516 366 132 737 307 196 2,166 1,221 1,422 40 40 39 461 478 208 349 63 145 37,472 40,811 34,039 337 t314 73 76 1,000 632 80 2,911 1,432 471 3,651 1,1SP 1,397 133 96 132 916 829 339 437 103 193 127,054 139,949 156, 898 $48 7 4 80 32 9 157 72 25 156 37 60 13 4 2 117 90 34 39 5 3 6,961 4,950 3,410 $132 61 71 289 217 64 580 246 115 894 609 654 20 16 21 275 293 102 140 40 81 19,278 19,648 15,237 $254 123 125 461 225 48 14,744 6,759 2,858 2,494 930 1,368 83 63 29 465 389 163 273 83 98 118, 978 150,692 144,522 $502 235 265 1,048 585 179 16,575 7,500 3,139 6,570 2,418 3,706 131 116 67 1,029 1,007 405 610 168 258 178,042 205,283 184,979 $248 112 140 440 360 131 Slaughtering and meat pacliing 819 1,831 741 281 Tobacco manufactures 290 4,076 1,488 2,348 75 48 53 38 Wirework, including wire rope and cable. 403 574 618 242 Wood, turned and carved - 385 337 85 160 48,467 59,064 54,591 40,457 NEW YORK CITY— Queens Borough — All industries. 771 513 395 158 103 105 9 '9 9 41 17 13 3 3 27,495 16,669 745 607 2,859 1,257 912 52 18 20 23,891 14,905 10,684 668 353 290 104 53 64 2,097 758 332 344 160 47,721 ^45,307 92,977 67,420 1,292 384 384 44 4 14 5,474 1,601 728 726 266 {4,407 1,836 1,264 31 8 7 $14,169 k 8, 440 5,634 423 209 174 49 21 19 1,503 426 179 212 127 $113,200 70,403 23,354 1,642 812 477 5 3 2 2,100 329 194 124 03 $151,680 92,941 35,428 2,662 1,281 897 73 35 31 5,619 1,328 525 503 356 $38,480 22, 538 12,074 910 469 Bread and otlier baliery products 887 479 167 108 202 420 • Clotliing, men's, including shirts 113 62 9 9 36 68 32 29 Foundry and machine-shop products.. 2,485 910 27 21 361 131 25 24 19 2,482 487 159 44 48 28 3,519 999 331 Glass 368 179 230 379 263 Hosiery and Imit goods 7 7 453 101 4 10 28 421 91- 85 607 66 40 141 32 408 65 710 123 302 58 Liquors, malt 6 8 7 19 111 13 4 4 3 18 12 11 10 8 3 38 »29 "18 13 10 3 8 8 6 127 81 253 389 4 1 45 83 61 75 25 14 30 43 17 269 113 120 151 13 6 61 35 23 33 18 1 104 67 30 25 5 204 305 204 1,045 202 215 894 813 496 410 340 291 233 39 25 345 146 106 262 228 54 1,837 1,421 823 462 155 1,012 2,958 3,927 1,762 2,825 348 527 2,443 2,639 1,435 3,639 1,927 2,402 787 105 29 879 219 220 418 152 47 3,316 2,653 1,719 870 234 118 166 99 125 29 15 41 48 33 438 163 234 187 28 10 76 36 19 36 17 1 165 72 54 29 6 189 260 167 621 119 123 674 617 335 275 187 170 121 15 12 208 78 61 184 148 31 870 605 344 211 65 427 614 330 2,063 329 473 421 776 203 2,501 1,444 1,384 784 91 61 240 91 30 152 145 20 2,249 1,987 897 338 110 2,575 3,004 1,661 3,133 563 706 1,346 1,590 771 4,226 2,432 2,368 1,608 193 174 725 280 190 406 378 69 4,206 3,342. 1,633 998 306 2 148 2,390 1,321 1,070 1,133 242 13 15 2,294 234 233 Musical instruments, pianos and organs and materials. 929 860 5 4 852 925 814 568 Pfti'nt HTid v*lrnish 683 463 4 10 1,377 1,725 988 984 Patent medicines and compounds and druggists' preparations. 386 53 2 1 231 824 102 113 436 207 30 26 249 485 189 160 Shipbuilding, including boat building. 309 256 14 10 411 254 233 49 Silk and silk goods, including throw- sters. 1,944 1,493 3 5 477 1,967 1,355 657 246 170 86 37 660 196 All other industries 310 203 204 16,459 10,729 293 201 1,601 687 605 14,565 9,841 7,784 37,746 119,029 78,552 68, 153 2,586 1,077 748 8,488 5,531 3,919 99,746 63,514 19,283 123,000 77,730 26,413 23,254 14,216 7,130 ' Excluding statistics for one establishment, to avoid disclosure of Individual operations. ' Excluding statistics for two establishments, to avoid disclosure of individual operations. 8 Figures can not be shown without disclosing individual operations. < Figures not comparable. STATISTICS OF MANUFACTURES. 759 Table I.— COMPARATIVE SUMMARY FOR 1909, 1904, AND 1899— Continued. CITIES OF 50,000 INHABITANTS OR MORE— ALL INDUSTRIES COMBINED AND SELECTED INDUSTRIES— Continued. mnusTBY. NEW YORK CITY— Rich- mond Botough— All Indus- tries. Bread and other bakery products. , Liquors, malt Printing and publishing Tobacco manufactures All other industries. . ROCHESTER— All Industries Baking powders and yeast. Boots and shoes, Including cut stock and findings. Boxes, cigar. Boxes, fancy and paper.. Brass and bronze products.. Bread and other bakery products. Buttons. Carriages and wagons and materials. Clothing, men's, including shirts. Clothing, women's ColEee and spice, roasting and grinding Confectionery.. Cooperage and wooden goods, not else- where Cutlery and tools, not elsewhere Electrical machinery, apparatus, and suppUes. Electroplating Flour-mill and gristmill products. . . Census. 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1909 3 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1909 <1904 1909 1904 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 '1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 Num- ber of Ush- ments. 180 169 185 42 36 46 6 5 16 15 17 12 118 17 107 96 101 1,203 1,109 1,221 6 5 4 56 65 15 13 12 4 1 3 110 79 98 4 .3 4 17 16 13 196 1239 307 4 7 4 6 3 3 16 8 9 10 6 13 11 10 6 9 5 PEESONS ENGAGED IN INDUSTEY. Total. 7,494 6,435 192 140 262 276 139 104 27 6,874 5,879 46, 617 37,128 14 10 10 6,676 5,163 5,159 18 760 915 785 252 103 60 626 424 429 1,639 475 402 609 718 8,559 6,902 5,293 92 120 241 144 112 35 697 619 180 125 112 69 949 1,367 152 136 184 Pro- prietors and firm mem- bers. 157 159 1,042 1,084 10 10 12 2 2 9 120 90 112 241 30O 377 1 4 5 1 ..... 13 2 Salaried cmploy- 901 681 384 1 2 18 53 52 50 12 17 835 610 308 6,467 4,265 3,061 5 2 4 515 419 404 39 44 216 76 27 54 54 586 441 244 16 17 11 30 26 12 78 44 64 12 5 3 232 182 Wage earners num- ber). 6,436 5,595 5,192 146 102 209 222 203 112 70 78 15 18 12 5,954 5,183 4,800 39, 108 31,779 28, 049 3 1 2 6,117 4,674 4,679 11 18 704 843 739 225 92 45 417 296 273 1,423 399 373 622 639 449 7,732 6,161 4,672 75 99 225 113 86 22 606 573 482 157 78 130 100 716 1,185 28 25 57 110 107 136 Primary horse- power.. 19,738 550 39, 277 1,911 26 303 258 1,126 420 441 314 648 1,283 2,798 Capital. Salaries. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Value added by manu- facture. Expressed in thousands. {33, 983 15, 991 10,430 281 96 136 2,685 2,430 1,802 183 97 13, 344 8,365 $95, 70S 69, 807 45,210 12 7 16 6,788 3,752 3,031 636 611 419 322 465 101 843 493 395 1,964 475 292 1,787 1,568 1,248 10,808 7,891 6,046 67 40 94 232 272 88 880 820 378 356 148 95 240 179 248 4,230 6,363 24 18 16 1,054 816 806 $1,549 912 571 2 1 11 133 145 144 11 18 1,403 748 410 J7, 734 4,529 3,131 6 1 656 409 371 59 39 18 263 66 18 122 70 75 1,162 743 336 38 30 9 102 75 93 15 4 2 212 101 $3,734 3,073 2,277 63 55 177 193 149 65 38 45 3,385 2,770 2,023 $21,518 14,702 11,366 « 3,038 2,090 1,733 253 259 176 110 47 24 297 173 128 538 146 103 388 377 279 3,809 2,545 1,858 30 26 40 43 36 8 228 187 141 81 44 63 66 46 27 480 648 118,367 9,787 6,445 326 244 214 445 482 22 23 13 16 12 17,550 9,023 5,808 $50, 674 37, 918 28,245 11 8 6 7,811 6,117 4,214 471 267 195 348 164 103 1,359 712 603 529 123 69 504 560 263 8,682 6,982 5,522 93 75 511 362 123 1,016 658 570 622 121 119 35 46 24 811 864 4 14 5 3,066 2,940 2,624 $29, 701 16, 867 13,017 568 386 1,822 1,427 1,614 173 137 119 40 40 32 27,098 14,877 10,886 $112, 676 81, 109 28 16 15 13,450 9,155 7,297 581 569 239 152 2,109 1,145 875 1,821 527 364 1,177 1,230 760 18,879 14,949 11,138 163 160 185 673 493 163 1,927 1,513 1,156 689 185 212 162 122 83 1,677 2,078 37 44 36 3,381 3,224 3,011 $11,331 7, 080 6,67a 242 142, 152 1,377 ' 945 1,226 140 115 96 27 24 20 9,548 6,854 6,078 $62,002 43, 191 31,421 17 8 5,639 4,038 3,083 13 495 569 221 85 49 750 433 372 1,292 404 285 673 670 497 10, 197 7,967 6,616 60 75 97 162 131 30 911 855 586 167 64 93 127 76 59 866 1,224 33 30 31 315 282 387 1 Excluding statistics for one establishment^ to avoid disclosure of individual operations. ' Figures do not agree with those published m 1904, because it was necessary to revise the totals in order to include data only for those establishments located within the corporate limits of the city. • Less than $500. ., , j. , . . j, .., , < Figures can not be shown without diselosmg mdlvidual operations. » Excluding statistics for two establishments, to avoid disclosuie of individual operations. 760 SUPPLEMENT FOR NEW YORK. Table I.— COMPARATIVE SUMMARY FOR 1909, 1904, AND 1899— Continued. CITIES OF 50,000 INHABITANTS OR MORE— ALL INDUSTRIES COMBINED AND SELECTED INDUSTRIES— Continued. INDTTSTEY. HOCHESTEB— Continued. Food preparations '. . Foundry and machine-shop products Fur goods Furnishing goods, men's Furniture and refrigerators Gas and electric fixtures and lamps and reflectors. Glass, outtmg, staining, and orna- menting. - Hand stamps and stencils and brands. Hats and caps, other than felt, straw, and wool. Ice, manufactured. Lasts Census. Liquors, malt Looking-glass and picture frames . Lumber and timber products Models and patterns, not including paper patterns. Musical instruments, pianos and organs and materials. Patent medicines and compounds and druggists' preparations. Printing and publishing Slaughtering and meat packing. Surgical appliances and artificial limbs. Tobacco manufactures Typewriters and supplies. Wood, turned and carved. All other industries 1909 1"04 1899 1909 1904 1909 1904 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1399 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 U904 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 <1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. '70 85 7 4 5 6 M 5 27 2 18 11 5 22 28 '21 32 31 2 37 123 2 90 84 15 10 2 10 4 '3 3 94 100 3 87 PEESONS ENGAGED IN INDUSTEY. 11 11 9 215 201 228 Total. 44 9 6 2,784 1,970 109 73 87 335 221 299 1,647 1,627 1,678 643 336 346 49 25 19 21 11 13 43 19 17 67 140 79 56 211 307 264 1,098 949 665 50 68 51 118 133 283 245 321 343 2,713 2,389 2,011 60 38 43 29 22 Pro- prietors and firm mem- bers. 325 833 858 123 128 41 47 40 13,710 9,935 Salaried employ- 13 2 2 359 188 247 12 5 12 56 28 34 166 111 134 50 30 26 6 3 102 111 90 2 2 11 14 10 164 176 14 9 2 103 91 114 26 28 31 107 70 49 3 2 12 27 , 15 109 126 137 766 568 329 Wage earners (average num- ber). 27 6 1 2,365 1,737 2,097 66 277 190 268 1,466 1,403 l,6i8 591 305 319 39 18 12 14 7 9 30 13 10 2,596 1,440 922 124 67 60 391 305 404 178 271 219 861 38 48 39 104 103 268 116 170 171 1,873 1,'65 1,698 25 22 29 18 14 12 209 661 720 64 69 Primary horse- power. 42 2,618 34 1,943 426 Capital. Salaries. Cost of materials. Value of products. Value added by manu- facture. Expressed in thousands. $75 16 13 6,093 3,733 4,642 177 90 143 240 250 2,806 1,804 1,626 1,175 425 256 29 33 29 10, 950 8,319 7,364 1,301 107 2,936 168 83 2,241 129 15 171 115 14,923 15 11 17 11 12 259 212 58 43 4,824 4,069 4,906 328 299 258 2,302 1,531 717 27 139 138 241 349 255 619 712 760 4,980 3,825 3,641 105 80 99 61 18 21 660 230 to 1 1 436 236 290 63 22 29 276 163 156 76 51 26 6 2 1 41 28 29 39,814 26,088 13,514 23 6 2 159 137 171 31 32 43 130 77 44 4 3 4 13 20 19 127 126 104 727 410 290 S13 2 (') 1,619 1,025 1,127 51 36 28 60 75 916 742 686 121 107 27 6 7 7 3 5 14 7 4 40 2,712 1,460 828 309 225 307 106 128 100 511 434 236 27 30 21 63 43 100 65 51 1,172 984 709 14 13 15 108 222 226 42 38 $68 49 1,967 1,266 1,447 112 44 99 494 284 324 1,210 849 764 658 271 273 60 7 4 15 4 8 19 20 19 6,507 3,869 2,932 94 24 18 732 604 582 '95 82 81 1,485 1,064 527 9 14 20 120 90 239 324 327 294 1,629 1,128 112 64 124 189 908 881 202 91 25 10 14 15,323 11,741 7,382 ' Less than $500. 2 Excluding statistics for one establishment, to avoid disclosure of individual operations. " Excluding statistics for two establishments, to avoid disclosure of individual operations. * Figures can not be shown without disclosing individual operations. $116 71 17 5,744 3,366 4,411 406 133 174 784 604 512 3,087 2,365 2,133 1,106 679 673 104 29 23 36 16 20 82 34 137 273 83 70 3,012 2,174 2,748 281 369 2,455 1,949 961 64 71 67 234 198 442 831 738 943 5,128 3,734 2,603 158 89 193 49 34 31 512 2,235 3,040 591 335 50 54 39,695 25,949 14,201 $48 22 8 3,777 2,100 2,964 294 89 75 290 220 188 1,877 1,516 1,369 548 408 400 54 22 19 21 12 12 46 18 13 109 179 69 52 2,280 1,570 2,166 186 287 207 970 895 434 55 57 47 114 108 203 507 411 649 3,499 2,60« 1,911 39 26 24 323 1,327 2,159 389 244 41 40 40 24,372 14,208 6,819 STATISTICS OF MANUFACTURES. 761 Table I.— COMPARATIVE SUMMARY FOR 1909, 1904-, AND 1899— Continued. CITIES OF 50,000 INHABITANTS OR MORE— ALL INDUSTRIES COMBINED AND SELECTEDINDUSTRIES— Continued. INDUSTRY. SCHENECTADY— AU Indus- tries. Bread and other bakery products. Lumber and timber products Marble and stone work Printing and publishing. Tobacco manufactures. . . All other industries. STRACTISE— All Industries. Boxes, fancy and paper.. Brass and bronze products Bread and other bakery products. Candles Carriages and wagons and materials.. Clothing, men's, including shirts Clothing, women's Confectionery.. Cooperage and wooden goods, not else- where specified. Copper, tin, and sheet-iron products.. Electroplating. Food preparations- Foundry and machine-shop products. Furniture and refrigerators Gloves and mittens, leather.. Census. 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1909 1904 11899 1909 1904 1 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 3 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1S99 Num- ber Of estab- lish- ments. 134 103 18 '13 11 20 22 11 60 39 44 738 637 630 4 4 3 10 27 5 83 53 61 5 4 6 13 2 11 18 S9 52 100 10 11 5 5 4 11 8 4 72 58 48 17 18 28 4 4 5 PEKSONS ENGAGED IN INDU3TET. Total. 17, '28 15,216 145 132 101 134 339 133 83 106 16,988 14,648 21,710 16,926 •174 139 97 236 114 72 554 401 345 317 270 225 272 343 1,921 1,513 311 435 282 207 131 44 44 50 380 125 225 159 133 3,093 2,244 412 509 354 50 47 40 Pro- prietors and firm mem- bers. 120 129 665 690 Salaried employ- :,677 771 303 10 6 20 14 13 112 42 12 1 4 1 2,529 705 270 2,907 1,722 1,264 7 4 2 10 9 17 217 136 93 20 14 12 28 11 4 317 214 178 32 40 23 3 2 Wage earners (average num- ber). 14, 931 14, 316 8,494 102 94 47 84 116 219 80 67 53 72 44 14, 415 13, 900 8,336 18, 148 14,554 11, 809 164 132 203 401 298 221 275 241 193 245 321 351 1,630 1,308 1,100 285 409 261 • 172 116 51 35 31 43 339 106 63 40 24 19 157 120 2,728 1,967 1,897 467 322 42 40 31 Primary horse- power. 49,181 39 108 20, 796 164 267 107 293 177 35 320 3,594 500 Capital. Salaries. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Expressed in thousands. fSl, 816 22, 051 13,606 144 67 34 213 327 129 95 503 195 81 43 88 35 50, 784 21,279 13, 456 $51,726 38,653 28,928 122 99 82 522 205 104 958 824 431 926 891 612 564 520 425 2,010 2,030 2,026 162 165 147 67 50 43 925 132 64 25 12 6 594 436 258 5,874 3,780 3,406 699 652 435 44 36 19 $3,086 915 297 6 3 7 18 13 77 26 6 1 4 1 2,974 868 283 $3, 313 1,954 1,316 39 38 57 42 35 18 15 20 210 181 81 15 11 76 28 39 427 234 181 41 42 23 3 2 1 no, 002 9,382 4,966 69 54 25 52 68 145 63 36 26 41 22 9,682 9,121 4,883 $10,422 7,116 5,303 49 34 22 131 48 38 2iO 153 103 170 187 165 694 512 404 110 106 63 43 21 21 17 22 203 52 29 23 12 70 48 29 1,518 197 241 150 14 15 $21, 952 16,497 9,929 263 160 85 218 375 173 55 20 41 36 32 21, 200 15, 838 9,788 $21, 776 16, 082 12, 948 87 64 32 387 149 136 1,072 726 414 688 645 426 268 294 346 1,718 1,603 1,452 222 218 228 241 107 51 35 33 081 86 66 6 4 615 367 455 2,276 1,324 1,349 337 210 38 01 33 $38,165 33, 084 17,609 403 314 160 316 569 120 87 650 208 94 101 113 82 36, 675 31,803 17, 279 $49,439 34,687 26,546 164 121 71 683 263 201 1,832 1,289 730 1,092 693 038 633 3,461 3,082 2,830 416 446 383 498 360 155 95 76 70 1,091 215 124 47 31 18 1,105 657 790 5,691 3,619 3,013 662 778 654 67 90 56 Value added by manu- facture. $16, 213 16, 587 7,680 140 164 65 63 54 377 163 74 60 77 50 15,475 16, 965 7,491 $27,659 18, 605 13,998 77 67 39 296 104 65 760 563 316 404 249 179 325 344 287 1,743 1,479 1,378 194 227 165 169 109 48 44 41 37 410 129 58 39 25 14 490 290 335 3,415 2,195 1,664 376 441 344 29 29 23 1 Figurea can not be shown without disclosing individual operations. 2 Excluding statistics for one establishment, to avoid disclosure of individual operations. 8 Figures do not agree with those published in 1904, because it was necessary to revise the totals in order to include data only for those establishments located within the corporate limits of the city. 762 SUPPLEMENT FOR NEW YORK. Table I.— COMPARATIVE SUMMARY FOR 1909, 1904, AND 1899— Continued. CITIES OF 50,000 INHABITANTS OR, MORE— ALL, INDUSTRIES COMBINED AND SELECTED INDUSTRIES— Continued. Census. Num- ber Of estab- lish- ments. PEBSONS ENGAGED IN INDUSTBT. Primary- horse- power. Capital. Salaries. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Value added by manu- facture. INDUSTKT. Total. Pro- prietors and firm mem- bers. Salaried employ- ees. -Wage earners (average num- ber). Expressed in thousands. STRACTTSE-CkjDtlnued. 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 11899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 i909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 5 5 5 9 6 421 496 309 19 14 7 8 9 10 6 31 18 16 383 470 284 9 8 330 $950 663 346 19 11 t33 21 18 $131 104 76 7 4 $587 608 326 10 10 $969 872 526 41 23 $382 264 200 4 31 13 8 8 10 18 «10 12 6 4 3 24 3 14 10 84 2 67 »49 7 9 12 80 84 J 72 183 177 167 343 325 335 359 241 6 3 16 12 9 67 69 67 31 3 12 7 271 263 262 316 229 250 28 12 7 140 13 6 723 676 673 90 113 110 454 457 396 8,662 6,765 5,045 1,783 3,940 3,687 2,994 687 459 465 31 21 5 673 66 31 1,870 1,315 1,123 376 674 766 665 539 375 29,026 21,441 14,701 133 112 123 36 2 8 4 263 188 168 183 116 104 20 6 5 64 4 2 444 336 342 42 63 67 247 222 168 5,424 3,530 2,379 680 557 405 649 341 376 8 4 3 239 36 20 611 368 304 13 17 26 403 264 280 9,860 7,732 5,518 2,460 1,960 1,814 1,003 672 580 46 23 19 850 118 46 2,032 1,479 1,075 89 170 169 941 784 664 23,608 16,248 11,430 1,780 1,403 1,409 Lumber and timber products 1,059 354 231 205 Models and patterns, not including paper patterns. 40 16 10 308 36 26 1,110 884 822 107 133 5 4 3 14 16 9 73 69 42 4 6 38 37 19 16 Patent medicines and compounds and druggists' preparations. 154 7 11 314 249 107 1« 14 6 28 21 29 1,402 781 559 239 123 6 9 261 212 102 8 8 7 32 26 26 1,600 940 689 611 83 26 821 1,421 1,111 771 Salt 274 76 153 133 Tobacco manufactures . .... 571 571 499 10,187 7,702 89 93 75 133 166 58 538 620 384 10,125 13,658 8,616 6,912 TROT— All Industries 363 311 327 7 4 4 36 37 36 4 6 6 18 15 '6 '8 11 9 !5 6 5 3 10 4 4 28 23 29 21 21 23 6 3 3 22,149 20,833 352 310 1,777 1,409 972 16 5 6 34 16 33 4 3 4 46 19 •3 7 1 250 137 121 10 13 9 11 11 3 117 113 110 678 603 353 12 4 3 20,020 19,114 22,933 348 219 238 171 171 145 80 64 76 564 691 33 51 51 3,475 2,588 4,657 24 28 27 68 61 36 883 934 1,069 9,776 9,423 11,905 43 27 24 18,887 «39,309 32,697 25,274 241 137 171 326 266 164 143 162 100 656 490 79 86 75 6,064 2,548 3,007 38 19 24 121 140 71 2,889 2,476 2,934 11,948 11,211 7,506 121 64 10 $2,196 1,542 1,268 18 14 4 25 8 15 4 3 2 69 30 3 6 2 294 134 173 7 5 7 8 10 4 170 166 134 706 650 522 7 3 1 $9,407 7,853 8,876 156 81 90 116 107 83 41 27 31 274 208 26 29 29 1,432 860 1,660 10 11 9 34 29 17 597 554 617 4,049 3,307 3,951 18 14 11 $15,626 13,746 11,462 179 81 118 479 440 277 12 16 13 345 243 22 24 28 3,337 1,903 1,761 37 60 22 60 42 56 710 677 732 4,780 4,249 3,962 69 40 15 $37,980 31,861 , 28,739 434 235 302 724 718 518 90 70 67 959 669 63 90 83 6,976 4,264 4,740 67 97 46 128 108 94 1,963 1,803 2,009 13,639 11,272 10,433 112 79 37 $22,354 18,115 17,277 Boxes fancy and paper 373 229 10 6 255 265 154 184 Bread and other bakery products 238 228 33 41 82 245 278 241 88 72 4 5 315 78 54 54 622 729 41 62 60 3,741 2,742 13 19 6 4 8 16 17 380 614 416 Carriages and wagons and materials. . . 35 41 66 55 Clothing, men's, including'sWrts 1,136 3,639 2,361 2,989 Confectionery 40 47 6 6 25 30 37 24 Copper, tin , and sheet-iron products . . 88 75 9 3 25 78 66 38 Foundry and machine-shop products. . 1,028 1,068 28 21 1,446 1,243 1,126 1,277 Furnishing goods, men's 10,370 10,061 16 26 2,419 8,859 7,023 6,471 66 37 6 6 13 S3 39 22 > Figures can not be shown without disclosing individual operations. 2 Excluding statistics for two establishments, to avoid disclosure of individual operations. ' Excluding statistics for one establishment, to avoid disclosure of individual operations. STATISTICS OF MANUFACTURES. 763 Table I.— COMPARATIVE SUMMARY FOR 1909, 1904, AND 1899— Continued. CITIES OF 50,000 INHABITANTS OB MORE— ALL INDUSTRIES COMBINED AND SELECTED INDCSTEIES— Continued. Census. Num- ber ol estab- lish- ments. PEKSONS ENGAGED IN INBUSIET. Primary horse- power. Capital. Salaries. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Value INDU3TEY. Total. Pro- prietors and firm mem- bers. Salaried employ- ees. Wage earners (average num- ber). added by manu- facture. Expressed in thousands. TROY— Continued. Liquors, malt 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 11899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 11899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 11899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 11899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 10 9 9 9 7 6 3 3 434 383 6 99 83 71 4 2 329 300 303 32 32 35 114 112 1,382 $3,797 3,248 2,622 87 78 64 268 274 $188 165 102 2 2 $243 212 190 36 24 17 62 50 $649 614 446 31 23 21 102 39 $2,406 2,128 1,826 88 76 62 241 141 $1,767 1,514 f,38l Marble and stone work 49 46 13 12 90 67 S3 41 Pottery, teira-cotta, and fire-clay products. 141 134 27 22 240 32 18 139 102 33 31 33 37 43 44 118 87 114 639 486 26 28 201 113 42 29 18 8 338 240 208 312 345 367 281 296 247 3,482 3,772 3,753 439 1,006 740 830 286 226 147 11,260 10,643 7,669 169 99 45 24 16 4 470 333 263 204 206 211 166 156 114 1,954 1,978 1,846 248 176 128 245 214 137 4,341 4,905 3,757 969 782 704 579 633 358 8,662 8,806 7,460 721 606 676 361 366 61 52 334 319 221 3,930 4,078 110 66 10,605 4,211 3,901 3,703 TTTIC A— AU industries 317 333 311 46 38 36 7 7 6 24 60 2 58 21 28 S19 3 3 14,634 12, 164 276 336 1,205 937 788 41 11 28 2 7 1 210 142 151 86 162 166 12 8 13,153 10,882 8,898 135 117 124 47 127 34 1,392 1,304 1,247 932 1,205 1,106 89 47 21, 874 $27,796 21,184 17,898 336 214 177 76 169 34 2,019 1,921 2,369 2,232 2,604 2,461 252 46 $1,550 1,084 736 22 7 17 1 8 1 267 182 129 114 198 134 14 8 $5,964 4,477 3,276 79 68 52 29 75 15 651 616 446 496 637 541 46 21 $16,646 12,774 8,194 345 250 233 21 48 17 1,611 1,698 1,329 1,298 1,177 1,013 , 98 46 $31,199 22,880 16, 479 541 405 385 67 164 44 3,079 2,943 2,686 2,192 2,708 2,307 184 91 $14,553 10, 106 8,285 Bread and other bakery products 226 168 189 69 143 49 40 37 10 9 58 196 165 162 Carriages and wagons and materials . . . 70 46 116 27 Clothing, men's, including shirts 1,634 1,504 1,470 1,030 1,380 1,287 101 67 32 68 72 13 23 16 2 475 1,468 1,345 1,257 Foundry and machine-shop products . . 1,231 894 1,531 1,294 Gas and electric fixtures and lamps 105 86 45 Hosiery and knit goods 15 15 12 5 6 8 • 9 4 4 27 S29 28 3 »3 4,694 3,369 1,796 232 169 162 66 73 4 7 7 S 11 7 127 154 62 60 51 34 4 5 2 164 127 109 6 6 4,663 3,208 1,727 172 118 120 51 61 29 295 299 320 14 21 3,626 5,908 3,015 1,680 1,766 1,004 638 154 133 44 832 607 627 112 79 236 167 67 91 62 38 3 5 1 167 137 94 3 5 1,761 1,069 1,727 127 99 90 40 28 17 186 172 177 11 11 4,605 3,390 1,628 351 263 182 91 62 47 222 168 136 141 168 8,054 5,261 2,614 1,393 933 741 166 136 85 861 736 620 167 198 3,449 1,871 986 794 1,042 670 559 250 76 83 33 485 464 26 28 533 639 568 484 Slaughtering and meat packing 23 34 3 7 55 26 40 43 47 40 114 104 101 229 256 236 5,856 4,648 50 66 52 78 98 18 20 19 476 264 216 161 179 165 5,302 4,196 4,026 64 302 265 207 13,807 11,148 9,771 21 19 15 622 286 240 86 90 73 2,462 1,702 139 169 124 116 7,694 5,500 3,593 453 403 371 14,042 8,903 6,826 279 255 14,614 6,348 3,403 3,233 YONKEKS— All Industries . . . IBS 106 107 28 IS 17 13 5 13,746 10,347 ISO 104 885 464 308 24 9 6 1 12,711 9,779 7,555 125 100 75 34 63 16,978 $58,769 33,731 12,239 138 109 69 65 58 $1,298 721 437 13 4 2 1 $6,726 4,519 3,264 89 67 43 26 45 $43,202 23,330 9,641 327 243 143 25 51 $59,334 33,649 17, 304 598 395 262 75 126 $16,132 10, 219 7,763 271 152 Bread and other bakery products 178 130 98 52 70 29 21 18 17 7 13 109 Copper, tin, and sheet-iron products .. 3 50 75 Foundry and machine-shop products . 10 29 2 12 7 3 3 1,659 961 670 44 65 42 9 7 12 7 6 4 204 99 63 4 2 1 1,346 856 695 33 57 37 1,952 4,266 2,391 1,013 93 33 40 227 115 49 3 3 2 925 467 352 33 49 29 1,057 1,241 798 33 15 25 2,837 2,212 1,382 90 80 72 1,780 971 584 50 65 47 1 Figures can not be shown without disclosing individual operations. 2 Excluding statistics for one establishment, to avoid disclosure of individual operations. • Excluding statistics for two establishments, to avoid disclosure of individual operations. 764 SUPPLEMENT FOR NEW YORK. Table I.— COMPARATIVE SUMMARY FOR 1909, 1904, AND 1899— Continued. CITIES OF 50,000 INHABITANTS OB MOKB^AliL INDUSTRIES COMB»NED AND SELECTED INDUSTMES— Continued. INDUSTRY AND QTT OK VH-LAGE. Census. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. PERSONS ENGAGED IN INDU3TBT. Total. Pro- prietors and firm mem- bers. Salaried employ- earners (average number). Primary horse- power. Capital. Salaries. Cost ot materials. Value of products. Expressed in thousands. Value added by manu- facture. YONKEE.S— Continued. Patent medicines and compounds and druggists' preparations. Printing and publishing . Tobacco manufactures . All other industries. 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 4 4 4 18 19 12 17 16 17 61 42 42 137 129 121 160 104 65 32 37 29 11,584 8,851 557 286 192 81 80 80 103 79 46 13 21 12 10,976 8,524 6,710 66 91 14,803 $1,932 1,961 174 $129 172 115 $36 31 31 348 162 134 43 21 17 74 33 27 21 7 9 8 21 16 51,906 28,996 10,793 882 406 252 5,536 3,808 2,774 $190 234 222 31 18 12 10 15 41,490 21,505 8,320 $833 953 745 280 151 123 33 31 54,588 29, 601 14,691 $643 719 523 212 120 105 21 21 24 13,098 8,0% 6,371 CITIES OF 10,000 TO 60,000 INHABITANTS— ALL. INDCSTKIES COMBINED. 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 2 1904 1899 1909 3 1904 3 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 2 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 97 89 98 140 111 120 59 51 54 266 241 219 103 98 112 45 57 49 51 S3 46 57 38 41 154 142 144 45 10,776 8,504 103 95 389 416 188 857 495 311 288 386 189 935 631 466 303 273 201 167 170 113 220 161 112 602 227 116 642 380 271 181 10,284 7,993 6,261 6,497 6,660 5,895 2,007 1,603 1,573 6,823 6,636 5,011 8,209 6,910 8,273 2,074 2,355 1,600 2,356 2,282 1,412 2,756 3,396 2,633 3,647 3,208 3,570 2,799 11,745 818, 162 14,554 9,461 23,743 18, 178 12,427 5,697 4,670 3,399 14,214 11,827 8,664 13,117 10,063 11,136 3,216 2,658 1,818 5,460 4,491 2,739 7,079 5,771 4,134 10,830 6,237 5,991 11,033 $545 404 218 701 455 322 349 297 167 1,062 689 460 439 304 251 191 194 139 284 187 125 649 260 118 736 366 242 250 $4,823 3,179 2,467 3,167 2,867 2,452 960 753 669 3,084 2,425 1,891 3,387 2,707 2,971 1,038 1,148 740 1,302 1,117 609 1, 41*4 2,003 1,336 1,882 1,466 1,491 1,298 $13,195 8,853 6,990 8,937 8,244 5,212 1,781 1,784 1,246 8,726 6,421 5,363 8,176 6,284 5,908 864 1,075 920 3,574 2,698 1,796 3,208 4,749 3,015 3,690 3,001 3,902 4,857 $22,449 15,007 10,643 16,961 13, 421 9,575 4,401 3,589 2,573 17,114 13, 907 16,539 14,831 10,290 11,031 3,p50 3,084 2,273 6,395 4,574 3,064 6,576 9,909 5,226 8,067 6,308 6,597 7,867 $9,264 6,154 4,653 7,024 7,484 7,276 130 120 15,456 5,177 4,363 2,620 Batavia 2,346 2,033 51 45 3,204 1,806 1,327 8,388 7,997 6,514 239 247 7,742 7,486 5,176 8,596 7,276 84 93 14,291 6,655 4,006 5,123 2,289 2,583 48 ' 58 1,486 2,186 2,009 1,353 2,821 Cortland ? 2,622 2,487 46 44 6,661 1,976 1,268 3,368 Dunkirk 3,301 3,656 43 34 5,194 6,160 2,211 4,477 4,426 3,714 136 126 6,672 3,307 2,695 3,010 3,014 34 17,963 56 64 49 68 49 57 187 180 183 45 45 48 45 48 45 81 67 62 156 149 108 138 100 115 ' 1,824 1,812 42 44 256 188 126 205 126 162 642 307 241 236 141 110 112 108 74 160 177 97 822 571 378 222 168 127 1,626 1,680 1,180 2,774 2,062 3,101 5,741 6,048 7,813 2,183 2,200 1,549 1,302 1,624 1,132 873 873 861 6,789 5,237 4,528 2,689 2,426 3,695 2,705 4,104 6,441 2,280 6,226 3,290 4,055 11,969 8,027 5,567 2,866 2,116 1,767 2,774 4,073 2,190 2,978 2,771 2,523 16,076 10,200 8,364 6,204 3,680 3,589 307 217 150 289 164 166 692 290 239 239 136 93 127 143 90 144 191 78 995 693 470 176 140 118 792 805 605 1,223 721 960 2,791 2,031 2,395 1,048 * 974 590 576 696 452 439 424 426 3,305 2,235 1,718 1,175 943 1,153 2,991 2,996 1,660 2,309 1,292 1,859 8,062 5,262 5,264 1,878 1,464 1,308 2,063 2,078 1,334 840 819 656 7,384 4,%1 3,793 3,925 2,561 2,985 5,154 4,952 2,716 4,877 2,825 3,994 14, 171 9,341 9,071 3,648 3,163 2,431 3,607 4,116 2,604 1,920 2,080 1,501 14,720 10,350 7,731 6,574 4,543 5,123 2,163 1,966 1,066 2,668 3,048 2,236 69 57 6,772 1,633 2,135 6,109 6,604 5,603 221 248 6,163 4,089 3,817 1,770 2,459 2,385 40 44 3,349 1,699 1,123 1,444 2,038 1,270 1,080 1,261 845 1,451 1,681 37 49 1,516 Ithaca ■ 1,105 1,120 72 70 3,045 7,763 5,978 142 170 11,679 7,336 6,099 3,938 2,649 1 98^ 3,009 2,745 198 151 3,410 2! 138 1 Excluding statistics tor oae establishment, to avoid disclosure of individual operations. 2 Figures do not agree with those published in 1904, because it was necessary to revise the totals in order to include data only for those establishments located within the corporate limits of the city. s Figures not available. STATISTICS OF MANUFACTURES. 765 Table I.— COMPARATIVE SUMMARY FOR 1909, 1904, AND 1899— Continued. CITIES or 10,000 TO 50,000 INHABITANTS— ALL INDUSTRIES COMBINED— Continued. QTY OK VILLAGE. Census. Kingston Little Falls.. Iiockport MIddletown. Mount Veznon.. New Rochelle.. Newburgb ITlagara Falls North Tonawanda. Ogdensbuig Glean. Osslning. Oswego . Feeksklll. Flattsbuig Port Chester . . Poughkeepsie.. Sensselaer Rome. Saratoga Springs. Watertown Watenrllet White Plains. 1909 11904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1909 1 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 2 1904 2 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 2 1904 2 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 2 1904 2 1899 1909 1904 1909 1904 1899 1909 11904 1899 1909 11004 1899 1909 2 1904 2 1899 Num- ber of lish- ments. 109 55 49 52 109 109 124 59 50 51 90 54 37 42 28 25 166 85 111 108 118 119 89 87 39 35 44 107 85 91 36 36 41 33 PERSONS ENGAGED IN INDTJSTEy. Total. 3,845 2,981 4,408 2,801 2,574 2,636 1,970 1,762 1,492 904 4,966 4,620 7,214 5,132 3,146 2,194 1,463 1,064 2,671 1,295 477 4,247 4,076 2,384 2,168 1,243 876 4,037 4,229 842 3,995 3,479 1,065 668 3,834 3,365 1,227 333 Pro- prietors and firm mem- 90 103 117 54 24 30 102 105 28 112 28 Salaried employ- 471 251 150 139 124 106 346 210 224 175 108 58 209 183 93 108 55 15 526 527 281 1,008 604 326 266 137 125 143 89 86 370 79 115 372 280 261 161 86 58 182 636 349 185 51 250 187 135 202 60 157 456 271 206 94 83 62 Wage earners (average number). 3,281 2,636 2,042 4,211 2,621 2,980 2,138 2,323 2,359 1,733 1,596 1,396 1,207 670 438 735 517 198 4,344 4,013 3,074 4,674 2,840 2,824 2,025 1,666 1,259 929 809 2,269 1,115 1,793 356 3,817 3,746 3,457 2,056 1,957 1,281 1,049 750 621 2,122 3,299 3,775 2,810 3,633 3,209 2,274 833 590 602 3,291 3,020 3,223 753 1,111 1,000 Primary horse- power. 4,648 14,335 2,648 1,590 4,902 95, 792 15,888 3,404 6,202 9,753 3,326 1,263 8,844 13,643 Capital. Salaries. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Value added by manu- facture. Expressed in thousands. $5,924 7,119 3,211 6,990 4,614 3,963 10,227 6,123 6,972 3,695 2,298 1,931 3,202 7,284 4,057 1,377 814 392 8,920 6,508 4,519 37,239 27, 116 14,344 8,274 4,825 4,947 2,617 2,722 1,664 8,962 4,972 5,745 2,063 11,249 6,710 7,002 3,828 3,896 1,427 2,694 2,066 1,872 6,417 10,281 6,657 5,182 2,146 8,903 5,722 3,509 4,360 3,485 1,490 18,662 10,869 7,938 1,423 1,363 1,693 2,096 $411 237 148 232 144 121 425 256 231 181 104 59 209 160 78 113 48 12 667 479 204 1,441 591 384 300 170 147 148 358 116 121 125 453 331 339 340 218 96 158 75 237 847 357 231 355 247 147 261 67 120 592 372 267 127 115 $1,366 1,096 925 1,965 1,034 1,049 1,130 1,110 1,078 902 740 674 802 426 224 482 342 110 2,180 1,789 1,316 3,588 2,348 1,318 1,582 994 758 517 341 306 1,339 624 841 243 1,813 1,462 1,378 1,241 1,025 620 613 328 214 1,040 1,669 1,641 1,236 1,851 1,392 464 284 211 1,798 1,612 1,589 302 470 374 180 $2, 682 2,112 1,903 4,923 2,636 2,233 6,350 3,316 3,097 2,905 1,965 1,325 1,286 784 328 814 462 278 4,843 3,276 2,648 14, 271 9,192 4,888 6,389 4,634 4,244 3,508 2,263 1,501 7,728 3,297 4,815 466 6,103 4,717 4,312 2,942 2,282 761 1,746 510 524 3,867 3,533 2,981 1,166 10, 203. 5,694 3,462 883 702 678 3,821 3,342 3,708 816 839 733 $6,986 4,812 3,952 8,460 4,471 4,071 8,168 5,808 5,353 4,658 3,366 2,155 3,376 1,877 910 1,669 1,103 508 9,928 7,036 6,368 28,652 16, 916 8,640 9,600 6,499 6,294 4,948 3,067 2,261 10,005 4,677 6,210 1,329 10, 413 7,592 7,487 7,888 7,262 1,783 3,138 1,057 1,043 9,161 7,207 6,577 14,423 8,631 6,649 2,337 1,709 1,334 8,627 7,251 6,888 1,669 1,738 1,607 816 $3,404 2,700 2,049 3,537 1,936 1,838 2,818 2,492 2,256 1,753 1,401 830 2,090 1,093 682 856 641 230 6,085 3,760 2,710 14,381 7,724 3,652 3,211 1,965 2,060 1,440 794 760 2,277 1,380 1,395 4,310 2,875 3,175 4,946 4,970 1,022 1,393 547 619 5,284 3,674 2,696 1,130 4,220 2,937 2,087 1,464 1,007 666 4,706 3,909 3,180 863 899 774 1 Figures do not agree with those published in 1904, because it was necessary to revise the totals in order to include data only for those establishments located within the corporate limits of the city. 2 Figures not available. 766 SUPPLEMENT FOR NEW YORK. Table II.— DETAIL STATEMENT FOR 61 Num- ber of estab- lish- meQts All Industiles. Agricultural Implements Artificial flowers and feathers and plumes. Artificial stone Automobiles, including bodies and Babbitt metal and solder. Bags, other than paper Bags, paper Baskets, and rattan and willow ware Belting and hose, leather Bicycles, motor cycles, and parts — Blacking and cleansing and polish- ing preparations. Bluing Boots and shoes, including cut stock and Holdings. Boxes, cigar ■ 44,935 57 319 176 113 Boxes, fancy and paper Brass and bronze products Bread and other bakery products. . Brick and tile Brooms Brushes Butter, cheese, and condensed milk. Buttons Candles Canning and preserving Carpets and rugs, other than rag Carpets,, rag Carriages and wagons and materials. Cars and general shop construction and repairs by steam-raihoad com- panies. Cars and general shop construction and repairs by street-railroad com- panies. Cars, steam-railroad, not including operations of railroad companies. Cement Chemicals Chocolate and coSoa products. Clocks and watches, mcluding and materials. Cloth, sponging and refinishing 21 20 169 28 20 15 296 56 315 247 3,978 205 58 113 1,552 165 9 790 16 34 610 Clothing, men's, including shirts. . . Clothing, women's Coffee and spice, roasting and grind- ing. CofBns, burial cases, and undertak- ers' goods. Confectionery PERSONS ENGAGED IN INDUSTEY. Total. Cooperage and wooden goods, not elsewhere specified. Copper, tin, and sheet-iron products. Cordage and twine and jute and linen goods. Cordials and sirups Cork, cutting Corsets Cotton goods, Including cotton small wares. Cutlery and tools, not elsewhere specified. Dairymen's, poulterers', and apia- rists' supplies. Dentists' materials Dyeing and finishing textiles Dyestufis and extracts Electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies. Electroplating Emery and other abrasive wheels Enameling and japanning Engravers' materials Fancy articles, not elsewhere speci- fied. Fertilizers Files 2,983 3,083 90 34 249 364 686 16 38 32 47 47 161 31 15 81 18 217 130 10 17 8 182 15 11 Pro- prie- tors and firm mem- bers. 1,203,241 6,851 9,813 967 11, 610 349 1,127 1,157 1,486 924 70 23,815 1,725 12,702 7,596 29,039 8,630 1,197 2,222 4,93p 6,877 420 8,818 12,272 272 7,333 18,003 4,767 2,581 1,573 6,869 977 2,854 729 104, 567 114, 925 2,394 1,556 10, 116 3,164 17,163 6,230 2,787 11,032 5,070 1,260 379 5,782 679 22,819 878 100 84 4,234 1,041 209 47, 569 41 417 Sala- ried offi- cers, supts. and man- agers 14 12 179 22 15 58 67 351 218 4,212 212 68 127 ,483 208 4 879 11 33 693 Male. 31,305 294 146 33 357 5 502 299 244 330 208 40 59 271 121 19 293 70 9 192 Clerks. 4,218 4,413 101 27 237 415 663 46 23 152 30 10 18 7 190 42 228 20 67 87,404 621 25 1,067 61 60 22 216 240 8 759 81 334 363 1,745 118 42 133 234 272 145 61 714 173 239 16 1,160 1,534- 90 245 61 500 62 22 26 46 126 157 41 22 131 38 875 26 29 2 8 140 28 12 Fe- male. 32,982 13 266 23 19 7 41 16 139 2 634 15 180 130 1,395 12 17 46 76 152 16 113 29 6 75 Wage earners. Aver- age num- ber. 5,927 7,501 576 195 773 43 926 165 118 27 204 175 188 273 55 247 84 2,090 29 127 2 7 316 75 4 13 162 26 SO 1,899 3,373 108 30 291 376 42 104 26 84 32 787 16 16 2 4 158 22 2 1,003,981 5,717 711 9,861 192 1,000 1,032 1,237 604 558 658 42 21, 627 1,531 11,538 6,661 21,367 8,080 1,040 1,867 2,866 6,126 347 7,075 11,898 200 6,116 16,454 4,480 1,443 5,746 766 2,467 604 91,363 98, 104 1,519 1,235 8,570 2,611 14,689 5,952 294 835 2,436 10,663 4,478 Number. 6,252 418 18,972 652 719 76 68 3,430 176 Maximum month. Ocl,063,162 Mh Oc Au De Au No No Au De My My Je De 6,916 9,332 995 12,073 201 1,068 1,093 1,465 691 673 45 22,755 De 1,670 De De No Jy Mh No Je De De Oc De Je My 12,584 7,739 21,767 13,787 1,108 1,987 3,588 6,493 386 15, 475 12,192 232 6,384 Minimum month. Ja 945,356 Au Je Ja Jy Ja Ja Ja Mh Se Ja Ja Ja De 17, 433 My De Se> No No 1,765 6,130 830 2,625 631 De 95, 637 Oc 109,317 Oo 1,579 Mh No No Mh Je Au Mh Fe De My Se Oc Fe De De De Oc No No Au De 1,271 10,264 3,073 16,945 6,069 501 910 2,584 10,881 4,673 276 5,671 444 21,912 65 3,882 1,143 194 3,958 7,209 336 181 946 949 950 542 469 614 37 20,655 Mh 1, 470 10,1315 5,903 20,987 1,431 1,767 2,065 5,567 316 2,058 11,570 164 5,925 Jy Ja Fe Fe Jy Ja Ja Au Fe Ja Ja Se My 16,641 WAGE EAKNEES— NUMBER DEC. 15, OR NEAREST KEPEE3ENTA- TIVE DAT. Jy Jy 4,229 1,593 Ja Mh Jy Ja Ja Ap Jy My Jy Jy Ja Ja Je De2 Ja' My Oc Jy Jy Ap De Jy Ja Mh Je No Ja2 1,087 5,480 654 2,360 563 88,298 83, 160 1,450 1,167 7,755 2,049 13,100 5,716 213 745 2,304 10,502 4,256 664 258 4,682 392 16,653 610 612 68 52 3,180 671 162 Total. 16 and over. Male. W 5,998 9,040 12,218 193 1,070 1,052 1,427 698 604 676 44 22,857 12, 611 7,694 22,024 10,015 1,058 1,988 3,163 6,649 17, 198 12, 193 196 6,206 17,433 2,907 1,692 6,123 794 2,622 621 97,788 102,929 1,532 1,236 9,799 3,037 16,045 5,991 219 812 2,430 10,848 4,679 744 268 5,563 404 22,603 700 874 71 64 3,735 (') 5,921 1,223 878 12,057 193 331 546 1,073 673 592 311 20 14,548 861 4,317 7,265 18,988 10,004 993 1,385 2,868 3,554 200 7,640 6,708 142 6,101 17,415 4,750 Fe- male. W 64 7,613 664 606 350 21 3 22 7,847 7,928 410 2,926 66 546 278 2,907 146 5,406 50 105 Under 16. Male. 13 16 1,691 5,932 540 2,147 595 57,225 43,511 1,061 971 3,924 2,930 14,033 2,781 183 424 280 5,996 4,075 729 172 3,883 390 19,345 695 53 64 2,371 27 1 177 263 436 40, 143 68,948 469 269 5,679 1,914 3,165 36 383 2,138 4,563 492 14 94 1,640 14 3,102 23 176 18 Fe- male. 1 216 (■) 'isi' 70 2 207 40 312 "is' ..... 13 152 23 73 27 2 Pri- mary horse- power. 7 7 1 23 16 98 322 64 406 2 2 184 2 21 24 1,997,662 10,744 215 1,122 191 751 1,046 1,882 1,988 406 15 10,456 1,180 4,677 13,397 10,319 28,734 581 1,049 16,629 3,911 147 12,469 11,901 350 10,029 21,423 4,367 3,345 24,385 116, 197 2,930 1,311 329 13,821 12,379 4,064 1,813 7,968 4,278 13,108 15,056 453 692 523 33,354 6,571 1,214 221 8,750 3,647 53,813 842 960 34 177 2,785 2,799 1 No figures given for reasons explained in the Introduction. STATISTICS OF MANUFACTURES. 767 THE STATE, BY INDUSTRIES: 1909. Capital. EXPENSES. Value of products. Total. Services. Materials. Miscellaneous. Value added by Officials. Clerks. Wage earners. Fuel and rent of power. Other. Rent of factory. Taxes, including internal revenue. Contract work. Other. manu- facture. 1 $2,779,496,814 $2,986,241,238 $77,873,121 $108,158,949 $567,230,839 $62,797,016 $1,794,107,326 $34,633,449 $40,885,311 $69,662,602 $240,992,626 $3,369,490,192 $1,612,685,850 2 3 26,108,792 7,982,306 12,263,095 18,186,583 414,694 271,699 597,477 763,212 3,270,305 3,451,994 259,683 44,221 6,154,967 12,214,237 6,036 452,449 98,800 2,775 1,146 180,135 1,459,987 815,861 14,970,980 21,162,385 8,556,330 8,903,927 4 5 1,428,634 25,102,473 1,078,182 27,364,888 39,509 863,733 20,328 739,801 389,586 7,016,306 13,349 256,504 510,047 14,651,598 24,578 272,763 4,606 47,781 4,618 2,873 71,561 3,513,529 1,356,586 30,979,527 833,190 16,071,425 6 1,918,180 5,683,925 88,509 92,621 149, 348 27, 776 5,042,907 16, 105 4,734 261,925 6,123,088 1,052,406 870,245 7 1,887,689 3,280,869 1,180,717 4,441,696 853,498 4,888,455 4,979,967 1,650,998 5,356,861 1,048,199 73,447 179,958 41,972 116,186 52,205 75,412 83,898 19,897 248,630 21,771 330,343 425,724 582,611 394,609 ■ 344,872 16,744 22,629 10,641 41,860 11,604 4,099,290 3,910,637 809,565 4,058,781 610,406 39,450 32,912 23,746 26,535 11,469 2,148 16,766 4,710 9,091 1,705 251,621 300,585 163,170 458,497 91,612 4,986,279 5,613,241 1,946,986 6,419,500 1,165,271 8 9 10 11 6,"868' 4,686 2,672 2,555 1,679,976 1,126,779 2,318,869 643,261 12 2,231,504 3,374,323 192,429 368,572 296,612 23,495 1,803,114 47,794 5,693 2,420 634,194 3,835,833 2,009,224 13 14 52,91] 26,047,823 106,606 44,889,191 6,110 1,011,762 7,288 1,241,984 14,312 10,668,548 724 256,305 64,631 28,718,206 3,187 365,482 276 48,643 65 72,075 10,023 2,506,186 133,062 48,185,914 67,707 19,211,403 15 1,128,665 2,087,814 80,779 70,410 658,957 18,860 1,107,216 54,913 4,386 120 92,174 2,234,345 1,108,270 16 17 18 19 20 8,072,393 16,591,482 38,573,285 13,864,023 1,400,494 12,577,024 19,818,458 75,514,724 6,905,804 1,997,971 513,333 564,619 738,325 305,358 93,244 410,500 459,721 1,988,785 100,905 41,616 4,261,453 3,950,841 13,880,684 3,967,760 452,328 160,492 394,016 1,639,571 1,153,545 10,600 5,962,343 12,744,746 51,098,900 563,735 1,246,361 456,785 181,709 1,963,765 137,994 11,398 67,607 39,019 128,217 4,220 19,747 48,637 221,117 67,723 4,215 47,811 43; 140 12,452 21,681 754,680 1,431,229 3,971,125 597,203 138,209 229,877 982,561 341,876 161,179 14,233,672 22,184,189 86,232,985 8,432,804 2,214,128 4,075,839 42,458,345 9,373,030 1,669,934 19,039,735 25,606,282 285,838 13,292,531 8,120,837 9,045,427 33,494,514 6,715,524 967,167 2,152,962 6,297,278 5,206,319 571, 135 21 22 23 24 2,525,103 12,216,234 6,367,149 1,170,248 3,386,705 39,367,847 7,875,133 1,510,383 125,453 275,972 267,851 56,094 145,409 230,952 379,593 50,080 873,177 1,607,364 2,461,573 135,585 42,523 470,264 95,520 13,237 1,880,354 35,690,803 4,072,191 1,085,562 8,270 58,666 14,446 4,426 14,035 12,246 113,866 25 26 27 15,824,766 27,527,617 202,395 14,576,400 16,923,102 21,680,151 218,721 11,359,828 451,347 323,580 11,261 376,948 464,385 362,836 20,260 354,079 2,563,194 5,870,298 95,091 3,739,940 307,725 309,335 5,921 172,032 11,361,060 13,005,837 58,544 5,636,686 83,398 106,555 9,240 239,647 46,688 65,661 974 72,991 3,024 35,623 1,642,281 1,600,526 17,430 728,917 7,370,960 12,291,090 221,373 7,483,813 28 '""38,' 688" 29 15,264,382 21,730,091 554,349 687,225 9,801,863 489,192 9,598,369 4,450 95,617 109 499,017 21,726,491 11,638,930 30 11,304,448 6,639,747 170,857 110,907 2,832,234 115,922 3,063,919 6,610 126,011 213,287 6,639,788 3,459,947 31 6,458,697 5,396,983 53,724 155,630 1,577,237 48,986 3,377,074 26,560 44,119 113,753 5,939,741 2,408,546 35,346,072 5,823,319 6,183,762 2_j513,681 1,609,017 15,637,518 1,658,804 3,903,236 32 33 34 10,167,992 46,464,550 3,088,462 8,044,421 2,080,060 27,482,455 5,330,009 5,344,032 98,132 792,610 97,667 199,877 68,370 830,270 260,184 432,510 810,080 3,375,688 294,467 1,385,048 635,607 2,707,706 62,160 36,737 263,922 17,000,848 4,104,355 2,243,789 10,720 66,760 54,000 35,288 27,046 250,819 6,841 17,562 5,877 7,864 260,306 2,449,890 450,335 986,039 3S 7,"i82" 36 362,669 786,535 40,375 49,282 417,419 21,699 38,518 80,165 235 138,842 12,069,562 10,700,134 828,665 1,029,859 286,075,427 272,517,792 17,429,911 969,642 37 38 39 119,421,285 84,213,014 6,829,294 240,683,678 241,508,350 15,228,748 3,132,362 3,367,724 205,927 7,817,113 10,100,944 610,418 48,073,213 54,840,793 725,929 938,601 1,171,158 154,923 134,388,042 146,971,317 12,498,896 3,206,262 6,390,897 160,721 102,064 36,078 41,277 30,956,459 8,929,305 2,102 130,748,784 124,375,317 4,776,092 40 3,835,922 3,418,054 121,908 205,425 664,657 32,957 2,037,641 37,023 14,957 175 303,311 3,785,439 1,714,841 41 11,702,475 23,145,392 750,552 829,471 3,078,532 267,807 15,376,269 489,754 48,349 32,430 2,272,228 25,540,394 9,898,318 42 6,533,718 6,705,531 99,846 61,002 1,222,126 68,686 4,871,443 31,125 36,206 77,820 257,277 7,525,639 2,596,510 43 44 37,503,143 15,776,978 34,548,060 11,442,917 1,079,953 195,339 986,690 179,800 8,383,814 2,163,660 757,967 159,452 20,276,819 7,429,498 394,339 93,460 128,898 104,184 162,947 10,602 2,376,633 1,107,022 38,452,127 12,215,000 17,417,341 4,826,050 45 1,524,239 978,892 2,213,416 1,690,871 98,520 48,716 176,936 26,507 161,332 313,349 7,396 15,979 1,482,510 1,163,879 36,413 34,822 11,826 2,969 250,483 87,264 2,513,483 1,816,961 1,023,577 647, 103 46 7," 387" 47 48 2,351,340 23,136,944 4,603,511 18,331,670 106,268 368,722 277,597 223,642 1,008,410 4,166,333 24,091 407,128 2,469,496 11,319,361 129,660 29,416 8,043 182,024 87,665 269,789 503,281 1,365,366 5,160,686 20,351,556 2,677,099 8,625,066 49 6,840,748 5,381,612 291,521 226,144 2,433,802 131,213 1,722,080 57,538 19,615 24,060 476,639 6,217,511 4,364,218 50 4,788,058 2,816,497 198,689 340,622 448,639 22,253 1,263,045 12,360 5,553 4,539 620,907 4,212,980 2,927,682 51 2,258,019 5,023,911 88,614 69,645 147,277 13,170 4,563,736 10,908 2,870 913 126,778 5,114,251 637,346 52 63 54 11,258,953 4,145,223 60,426,560 8,248,384 3,884,806 48,840,704 489,897 145,933 1,986,273 274,814 118, 129 2,566,202 2,321,016 259,501 12,479,418 409,069 46,969 936,713 3,730,192 2,820,108 26,546,898 99,203 15,648 233,990 55,483 18,511 166,413 320,232 548,478 460,007 3,886,228 9,673,228 4,505,310 49,289,815 5,533,967 1,638,233 21,807,204 '"■'39,' 569' 65 66 57 68 69 450,036 2,413,653 147,912 129,890 6,369,852 829,674 2,158,280 36,163 90,617 23,117 162,729 421,420 385,286 33,030 121,901 208,584 957, 767 67,896 13, 757 721 6,845 1,957 36,786 419,378 4,600 15,948 781,719 1,116,351 2,661,014 189, 438 328,271 7,882,075 874,737 1,481,346 84 698 133,109 302,343 6,694,784 2,700 19,276 286,274 2,365 9,181 415,323 33,747 62,392 1,643,892 4,265 4,189 62,106 80,475 190,012 3,258,442 4,421 10,864 124,849 536 18 16,213 463' 105,966 134^ 070 4,541,527 60 61 3,692,388 221,523 3,610,137 166,879 89,168 13,931 98,617 4,220 542,119 76,974 85,799 7,333 2,568,968 63,089 7,020 2,717 11,734 1,077 1,300 498 205,422 8,040 4,250,568 201,495 1,595,801 141,073 ' Same number reported for one or more other months. 768 SUPPLEMENT FOR NEW YORK. Table II —DETAIL STATEMENT FOR THE Num- ber of estab- lish- ments Firearms and ammunition Fire extinguishers, chemical Fireworks Flags, banners, regalia, society badges, and emblems. Flour-mill and gristmill products . . . Fdod preparations Foundry and machine-shop prod- ucts. Fur goods Furnishing goods, men's Furniture and refrigerators Furs, dressed Gas and electric fixtures and lamps and reflectors. Gas, iUimiinating and heating Glass Glass, cutting, staining, and orna- menting. Gloves and mittens, leather Gold and silver, leaf and foil Gold and silver, reducing and refin- ing, not from the ore. Hair work Hand stamps and stencils and brands. Hat and cap materials Hats and caps, other than felt, straw, and wool. Hats, fur-felt Hats, straw Hosiery and knit goods House-furnishing goods, not else- where specifiea. Ice, manufactured Ink, printing Ink, writing Instruments, professional andsoien- tiflc. Iroif and steel, blast furnaces Iron and steel, steel works and rolling mills. Jewelry , Jewelry and Instrument cases Kaolin and ground earths Lapidary work Lasts Lead, bar, pipe, and sheet , Leather goods Leather, tanned, curried, and fin- ished. Lime Liquors, malt Liquors, vinous Looking-glass and picture frames . . . Lumber and timber products Malt , Marble and stone work Mattresses and spring beds Millinery and lace goods Mirrors Models and patterns, not including paper patterns. Moving pictures Musical instruments and materials, not specified. Musical instruments, pianos and organs and materials. Needles, pins, and hooks and eyes. . Oil, essential Oil, linseed Oilcloth and linoleum Optical goods Paint and varnish Paper and wood pulp Paper goods, not elsewhere specified . Paper patterns Patent medicines and compounds and druggists' preparations. Pens, fountain, stylographic, and gold. 177 1,872 375 676 52 183 141 24 156 225 41- 10 132 63 32 244 44 46 360 99 2S 479 67 18 43 14 9 483 109 33 184 41 140 2,263 32 655 168 931 47 136 52 184 4 51 147 178 107 16 743 PERSONS ENGAGED IN INDUSTRY. Total. 1,910 93 461 1,025 5,120 4.183 75,746 11,263 20, 758 23,195 7,188 9,221 3,295 3,670 7,195 602 54 2,733 522 1,087 4,000 5,379 2,922 37, 673 2,175 1,372 908 217 2,423 2,562 11,089 7,146 1,364 317 681 414 225 9,283 6,278 527 10, 705 452 1,891 32, 458 645 8,469 2,088 25,369 1,160 1,382 295 360 13, 102 158 28 691 1,153 2,663 4,741 13,018 6,267 1,507 8,666 1,108 Pro- prie- tors and firm mem- bers. Sala- ried offi- cers, supts. and man- agers. 1 1 1 73 1,191 179 1,471 1,310 466 665 70 142 15 7 165 312 48 13 166 62 33 348 47 47 302 100 34 20 603 75 13 64 10 ' 1 687 132 29 75 24 144 2,519 20 768 178 1,234 50 147 1 51 117 7 5 5 2 49 78 12 623 155 2,795 185 281 746 20 262 137 4 2 32 55 74 84 479 77 115 67 17 39 176 176 43 26 25 25 15 245 131 20 592 45 70 1,014 43 339 81 500 35 369 12 26 15 45 305 425 171 26 Clerks. Male. 1,107 1,260 1,148 40 613 2,162 69 113 272 7 7 150 41 202 193 655 111 86 266 40 218 200 754 688 61 16 75 14 19 637 247 13 1,266 93 139 1,127 60 366 143 1,786 69 74 67 15 472 4 1 77 28 261 1,041 362 532 291 1,530 197 217 1,645 417 565 366 154 224 28 81 187 6 Fe- male, 11 49 43 90 287 75 13 60 5 80 26 65 400 23 4 28 5 5 228 80 41 19 47 327 67 66 771 23 30 21 11 216 2 17 6 161 270 109 183 417 1,136 112 Wage earners. Aver- num- ber. 1,781 58 418 813 2,990 3,023 64,066 8,244 18, 186 20,281 755 6,017 6,422 3,114 3,118 6,287 437 42 2,313 369 965 5,013 2,608 36, 950 1,812 1,124 626 147 1,964 2,298 10, 091 6,379 1,172 260 499 360 186 7,686 5,688 465 8,731 271 1,491 27, 471 624 6,939 1,621 21,078 983 1,082 185 272 11,938 133 18 566 1,102 2,047 3,047 12, 073 4,303 761 4,728 730 Number. Maximum month. Ja 1,912 Del 63 My 487 Se 882 No 3, 156 Oc De 3,474 70, 608 No 10,482 No 19,313 Oo 21,912 Ap De Oc De De De No No Fe No De Se Oc De Au Jy Oo No Oc De ^y Oo Mh De Oc De De 859 6,707 Je 6, 950 My 3,789 De 3,368 No De Del No De Se No 6,809 447 43 2,611 390 1,074 3,674 No 5,461 Mh 3,243 No 37,244 1,485 640 195 2,056 2,842 11, 785 5,935 1,290 292 639 396 198 8,357 6,023 629 9,081 373 1,683 28,802 663 7,777 1,740 23, 617 1,054 1,152 212 296 Minimum month. Del Ap De De No 27 678 1,173 2,225 3,137 My 12,788 No 4,517 Se 875 De 4, 998 Fe 769 Au Ja Ja De 12,705 Jy De 141 Se 1,681 46 257 722 Je 2,820 Ap Ja Ja Ja Ja De Ja Fe Au Jy Ja Jy jy Ja Au Ap Ap Fe Jy Ja Ja Ja Ja Fe Au Ap My Ja Je Ja Ap Jei Ja My Fe Fe Au Jai Fe Au Ja Ja Je Ja Je Ja> Je 2,784 58,467 6,190 16,702 18, 765- 620 5,622 5,538 1,497 2,886 Jei Au Au Fe Ja Au Ja Je Au 5,822 427 41 2,126 364 824 3,156 4,548 1,510 33, 712 1,755 763 512 118 1,929 8,841 6,087 1,064 213 444 343 177 7,046 6,237 358 8,486 227 1,381 25,959 383 5,237 1,487 17, 278 904 1,024 172 260 11,131 120 13 371 1,037 1,975 2,908 11,433 4,101 690 4,358 686 WAGE EARNERS— NITMBER DEC. 15, OB NEAREST REPRESENTA- TIVE DAT. Total. 63 406 877 3,125 3,333 71, 167 9,857 20,039 22, 171 6,726 6,643 3,818 3,385 6,788 447 43 2,541 393 1,056 3,546 5,417 2,832 38,419 1,930 1,091 529 147 2,020 2,842 11,866 5,882 1,279 268 539 396 186 7,906 6,086 478 8,856 356 1,642 31,926 212 297 12, 878 1,531 ,619 773 1,063 755 16 and over. Male. 59 230 349 2,987 2,050 69,729 6,632 4,483 21,476 688 6,266 6,625 3,598 2,989 3,343 212 43 1,096 330 706 2,779 3,697 1,016 13,289 783 1,091 519 72 1,696 2,839 11,734 4,985 699 268 628 392 185 6,421 5,923 477 8,849 323 1,616 31,631 1,019 149 274 12,181 39 3 156 609 131 1,243' 1,261 3,200 16,466 570 4 438 10 130 357 3,334 226 Fe- male. 1,434 52 343 760 1,777 1,803 24,424 1,123 10 74 300 3 108 770 670 1,406 140 7 33 112 208 17, 60 23 666 104 1 103 528 252 431 !,399 629 !,691 82 Under 16. Male, 10 163 9 17 122 6 6 21 'ies' 10 111 3 Fe- male, 1 1 22 14 641 14 12 260 Pri- mary horse- power. 2,312 51 94 79,098 6,061 102, 437 1,102 3,284 28,260 1,172 3,831 1,774 957 ],003 81 97 4 113 713 413 1,461 835 35,882 2,983 21,375 2,301 58 1,899 95,416 136, 466 1,696 214 5,815 592 610 1,247 1,836 14,265 781 49,729 712 866 131,462 5,669 18,110 1,581 3,511 1,145 910 195 176 10,905 157 124 4,845 2,384 1,896 10,857 337,648 6,257 669 5,423 192 1 Same number reported for one or more other months. STATISTICS OF MANUFACTURES. STATE, BY INDUSTRIES: 1909-CoDtiiiued. 769 Capital. EXPENSES. Value of products. Total. Services. Materials. Miscellaneous. Value added by manu- Officials. Clerks. Wage earners. Fuel and rent of power. Other. Rent of factory. Taxes, including internal revenue. Contract work. Other. facture. 1 2 3 $4,343,117 113,670 938,835 1,186,621 $2,217,270 264,783 725, 134 1,634,716 $53,956 34,100 43,599 40, 134 $86,233 13,130 28,630 73,686 $1,161,563 37,020 189, 177 354,053 $40,792 2,576 3,697 13,691 $466,745 100,800 324,447 877,931 $540 5,764 6,435 44,230 $14,458 141 2,263 2,218 $450 2,650 $382,529 68,603 126,886 217, 152 $2,373,888 269,002 748,816 1,864,080 $1,866,351 165,627 420,672 972,458 4 "'"ii,'722' 5 30,270,090 65,323,183 405,246 544,688 1,668,631 385,876 60,084,426 87,752 121,582 145,610 1,879,474 69,802,278 9,331,977 6 7 9,232,770 208,320,397 15,193,362 133,628,614 482,914 6,725,741 746,098 6,471,632 1,332,061 40,602,327 219,798 2,634,372 9,440,465 58,986,828 157,854 1,268,670 43,666 640,590 1,796 1,305,176 2,768,720 14,893,279 17,324,076 154,370,346 7,663,823 92,749,146 8 9 10 19,509,480 24,110,032 34,676,291 34,949,986 36,501,066 37,593,403 474,120 756,036 1,526,694 1,285,484 1,810,322 1,307,686 6,704,292 7,766,206 11,668,576 89,582 147,804 471,912 24,060,673 21,428,536 18,684,530 953,214 481,504 658,862 49,572 37,214 144,682 267,273 1,376,293 228,943 2,075,776 2,708,160 2,901,619 41,301,451 42,197,117 41,928,774 17,161,196 20,620,777 22,772,332 11 12 744,195 10,840,229 980, 494 11,973,951 44,163 756,727 41,880 669,063 517, 189 • 3,455,674 29,604 156,256 242,646 5,257,026 39,037 315,811 2,628 45,246 185 32,241 63,363 1,296,919 1,239,725 13,010,249 967,676 7,697,969 13 14 15 278,606,545 4,817,663 3,015,036 28,659,181 3,839,887 4,320,189 983,886 190,764 212,320 1,997,932 81,602 156,493 4,363,632 1,806,470 1,841,362 10,600,770 325,958 65,801 4,417,636 833,119 1,613,316 11,963 15,263 115,271 2,549,473 14,660 5,016 3,194 16,887 13,518 3,730,696 565,274 307,093 42,346,726 4,508,790 4,846,692 27,328,320 3,349,713 3,177,576 16 17 18 10,536,984 347,650 540, 369 12,866,261 829,670 2,480,044 216,839 4,740 5,000 405,881 7,548 7,576 2,840,865 234,762 . 34,271 60,265 3,604 7,845 7,972,749 508,425 2,388,078 68,691 11,132 17,160 11,138 709 1,673 973,866 8,114 3,750 335,977 60,646 14,791 14,336,365 918,660 2,603,311 6,313,351 406,621 207,388 19 20 3,266,777 450,988 6,407,091 602,091 36,228 53,557 194,050 38,842 1,060,775 218,427 17,531 6,486 4,482,796 204,377 114,468 35,751 ■2,664 1,561 111,626 14,914 387,053 28,176 7,861,306 717,133 3,360,979 506,270 21 2,580,171 2,798,244 3,496,821 6,749,502 53,703 119,360 65,136 272,091 423,533 2,003,808 21,943 36,062 2,762,730 3,839,147 62,015 175,623 1,343 1,392 116,418 253,925 3,834,671 7,825,922 1, 069, 998 22 ■"'48,' 094" 3,960,713 23 24 25 5,702,386 3,692,477 52,682,240 9,620,869 6,587,141 59,754,254 161,713 229,174 1,149,844 230,948 302,015 891,969 2,725,118 1,472,556 14,838,655 107,491 45,741 648,688 5,298,774 3,947,665 38,028,783 49,709 145,725 230,645 17,832 4,481 156,689 163, 464 2,844 692,058 875,810 436,951 3,117,123 10,218,660 7,617,000 67, 130, 296 4,812,395 3,623,604 28,452,925 26 4,015,268 7,197,361 142,916 163,281 786,647 38,384 5,651,844 82,882 7,264 8,901 316,243 7,788,939 2,098,711 27 2S 7,765,592 3,051,635 606,356 4,478,366 2,936,243 3,365,146 588,431 3,082,030 212,628 302,523 50,700 233,410 74,222 276,627 69,696 262,419 834,547 370,032 62,033 1,146,061 760,287 46,254 3,621 52,770 283,981 1,831,888 280,862 922,254 161,302 38,169 14,342 83,100 66,386 14,384 3,753 10,325 6,301 537,689 485,269 103,525 340,420 3,808,070 4,068,667 744,769 3,307,978 2,763,802 2,180,415 460,386 29 30 '""3i,'27i' 2,332,964 31 39,666,101 61,453,060 23,769,980 34,651,251 211,226 639,883 197,171 752, 194 1,768,054 6,323,190 7,967,326 2,170,165 12,949,834 23,719,005 78,165 16,074 103,635 119,339 504, 569 1,008,665 26,620,948 39,632,414 6,703,788 13,643,244 32 2,'746' 33 34 35 13,662,694 1,126,576 6,509,218 17,003,914 1,482,225 639,771 466,142 76,153 39,632 727,705 60,137 14,029 3,820,497 519, 109 109,946 111,356 10,651 23,804 10,321,561 667,379 222,127 367,206 52,649 11,547 7,164 513 7,433 126,191 2,661 1,057,092 103,073 111,263 20,362,620 1,780,667 737,765 8,669,980 787,146 2,068,765 20,996,602 27,642,383 9,929,703 1,102,637 491,834 36 37 4,262,425 448,913 1,123,250 10,379,203 25,755,338 7,410,892 690,583 2,038,930 18,821,621 26,815,974 68,411 52,735 41,460 497,154 379,701 92,453 24,031 37,019 760,967 309,022 791,486 243,148 119,916 4,088,837 2,911,973 22,817 15,389 12,541 103,841 318,745 6,296,084 237,461 1,708,210 11,528,260 20,621,988 42,820 30,374 12,697 443,544 86,282 1,017 1,696 7,660 16,131 43,114 1,040 94,764 85,759 73,126 1,247,953 1,021,909 2,341,079 634,306 348,014 9,364,501 6,701,650 38 39 40 ""26,'5i2' 134,934 124,240 41 1,105,997 127,492,416 3,685,196 2,208,690 64,490,672 487,018 62,985,707 1,380,062 3,076,681 65,012,600 23,972 3,154,312 87,071 166,465 1,641,265 7,904 1,896,760 129,529 155,119 1,156,505 235,950 7,294,454 127,548 886,137 15,100,744 117,627 1,573,063 9,625 26,099 518,540 58,236 17,309,964 771,168 1,436,464 41,186,551 3,192 25,825 6,439 156,069 442,180 5,661 13,368,504 37,259 5,784 313,343 34,676 18,362,825 211,423 230,896 3,623,883 580, 176 77,720,045 1,816,620 3,554,665 72,529,813 404,412 68,837,018 1 035 827 42 .'.'......'.. 43 44 45 ""24; 658' 1,129,589 2,092,002 30,824,722 46 47 48 49 50 21,978,213 16,271,330 3,059,872 19,920,353 1,648,401 10,043,427 15,399,882 5,243,466 44,636,803 2,975,767 139,275 657,682 120,010 969,543 64,185 75,305 349,480 140,988 2,263,208 81,304 400,790 5,636,063 922, 125 9,625,609 630,334 216,817 256,046 40,394 251,638 29,898 8,655,625 6,819,479 3,420,189 26,883,145 1,969,407 47,912 267,904 151,998 1,227,620 70,403 61,079 100,364 8,166 21,793 7,090 242 430,144 160 790,874 2,616 446,382 882,721 439,446 2,603,373 120,620 11,061,078 17,921,286 5,898,625 52,106,200 3,262,470 2,178,636 10,846,761 2,438,042 24,971,417 1,263,166 51 1,631,210 1,899,482 103,363 87,674 735,865 31,269 589,191 78,076 3,111 21,304 249,630 2,460,661 1,840,201 52 S3 342,988 460,712 1,142,750 463,489 122,221 17,422 69,050 16,396 119,911 153,632 6,271 7,052 641,462 204,115 13,652 28,672 719 1,182 14,040 6,789 166,424 28,229 1,299,560 569,985 661,817 368,818 64 33,019,385 30,567,168 1,160,241 719,776 7,762,487 212,493 17,282,264 523,982 138,210 216,916 2,670,809 33,679,963 16,185,208 55 289,154 216,891 18,172 4,934 50,077 2,726 90,714 4,191 497 18,136 26,444 289,762 196,322 56 133,818 7,241,282 2,901,669 4,546,980 22,002,185 165,037 14,036,520 3,104,373 3,355,386 25,698,075 6,100 393,906 71,114 133,593 880,904 856 79,491 42,316 120,283 1,430,334 11,259 338,251 670,630 1.327,735 1,863,339 7,193 77,441 83,430 67,630 290,705 120,160 12,550,684 2,082,131 1,167,501 17,604,661 1,155 323 37,291 11,899 17,878 104,977 17,992 659,456 242,853 501,401 3,213,801 195,363 15,391,620 3,621,689 3,996,918 28,559,474 68,010 2,763,395 1,356,128 2,770,787 10,664,108 57 58 59 60 "'"28,'32i" 141,841 1^644" 67,613 61 62 63 64 90,911,790 9,276,133 4,382,881 22,483,541 43,775,408 11,069,379 2,211,876 28,772,496 997,937 493,691 123,798 1,944,434 473,213 576,615 470,248 2,160,169 6,743,806 1,765,007 328.026 2,226,353 3,028,118 121,196 16,996 175,367 28,739,166 6,664,574 506,291 12,413,348 38,690 182, 194 39,078 538,353 362,660 167,677 24,610 86,658 21,216 85,346 18,083 88,9-50 3,380,603 1,013,079 684,745 9,139,964 48,869,610 12,111,418 2,166,990 37,343,083 17,092,327 5,325,648 1,642,703 24,754,368 65 1,853,306 2,817,336 100,394 274,037 426,874 10,523 1,552,351 39.193 4.232 4.089 406,653 3,218.760 1,655,886 770 SUPPLEMENT FOR NEW YORK. Table II.— DETAIL STATEMENT FOR THE 42 Num- ber of estab- lish- ments Photographic apparatus and mate- rials. Photo-engraving Pipes, tobacco Pottery, terrarcotta, and fire-clay products. Printing and publishing Pumps, not including steam pumps Rubber goods, not elsewhere speci- fied. Salt.. Scales and balances. Screws, machine Sewing machines, cases, and attach- ments. Shipbuilding, including boat build- ing. Shoddy Show cases Signs and advertising novelties Silk and silk goods, including throw- sters. Silverware and plated ware Slaughtering and meat packing Smelting and refining, not from the Stationery goods, not elsewhere specified. Steam packing Stereotyping and electrotyping Stoves and furnaces, including gas and oil stoves. Surgical appliances and artificial limbs. Tobacco manufactures Toys and games Type founding and printing mate- rials. Typewriters and supplies Umbrellas and canes.. Vinegar and cider Wallpaper Wall plaster Whips Window shades and fixtures Wire Wirework, including wire rope and cable. Wood distillation, not including tur- Wjentine and rosin, ood, turned and carved Woolen, worsted, and felt goods, and wool hats. AH other industries 2 4,426 22 53 33 15 16 5 13 255 14 21 53 238 15 3,371 67 27 142 277 13 31 75 7 106 169 64 1,716 PERSONS ENGAGED IN INDtJSTEY. Total. 5,186 1,809 1,871 2,028 94,893 '486 2,518 456 582 120 170 6,230 255 495 1,035 14,136 3,678 7,583 407 3,924 1,815 1,295 1,182 4,957 708 36,197 1,400 281 5,160 2,353 913 1,889 1,550 190 1,172 1,521 1,988 668 1,694 9,907 41,179 Pro- prie- tors and firm mem- bers. ried offi- cers, supts. and man- agers. 23 42 40 19 3,732 17 43 20 13 10 4 7 262 7 26 64 140 45 262 21 3,699 65 23 179 304 2 194 66 102 33 102 4,0.92 28 111 69 15 19 5 16 IS 23 63 274 97 155 14 157 64 49 60 169 668 52 21 138 61 41 43 67 4 42 21 45 154 1,219 Clerks. Male. 221 95 101 16,007 22 211 72 34 3 25 183 5 22 62 587 351 846 76 482 294 282 145 407 1,518 67 25 343 145 31 206 110 11 106 53 115 55 ISS 3,501 Fe- male. 320 7,982 11 87 10 15 32 35 232 120 210 12 259 163 42 32 112 393 36 10 119 59 8 36 27 5 39 7 41 Wage earners. Aver- num- ber. 1,395 1,663 2,367 63,120 408 2,066 1,525 379 463 105 114 5,644 223 416 811 12,903 3,065 6,110 284 2,976 1,243 901 906 4,247 30,019 1,197 202 4,538 1,919 629 1,602 1,337 162 911 1,439 1,649 1,279 9,460 33,876 Number. Maximum month. Jy 4,288 De Oc De De Ap No No No My Fe No Je 1,459 1,736 2,547 De 66,147 De De Au Mh No Doi De 465 2,222 1,677 451 608 129 178 My 6,437 Del De No Mh No De De No Ap 265 441 844 13,616 3,663 6,313 296 3,083 1,278 Do 1,050 De 927 No 4,604 479 De 31,850 No 1,472 Jy 223 4,967 2,116 1,457 1,873 1,436 Mh 190 My 948 De 1,593 No 1,753 1,452 9,950 Minimum month. Fe Ja Au Ja 3,708 1,316 1,607 2,105 Jy 61,199 Mh My Ja Myi Ja Ja Mh 384 1,856 1,274 328 374 81 90 Jai Fe Ja Jy Jy Au Ja Je Ja Jy Au Ja Ja Fe Ja Ja 189 384 748 11,726 2,625 5,893 260 2,842 1,166 811 884 2,930 28,882 913 176 Au 3, 111 Ja Mh Au Ja De Se Ja Ja Au Ja 1,749 248 915 1,193 81 858 1,320 1,611 1,197 8,771 WAGE EARNEBS— NtTMBEK DEC. 15, OB NEAREST EEPEESENT.i- TIVE DAT. Total. 4,275 1,457 1,664 2,613 66,390 456 2,319 1,.507 341 507 129 179 255 441 876 13,231 3,373 6,260 293 3,076 1,248 1,051 927 4,413 32,730 1,330 209 4,761 2,051 1,188 1,910 1,365 181 986 1,594 1,744 1,389 9,596 16 and over. Male. 3,106 1,415 1,429 2,133 51,021 454 1,710 1,356 305 502 126 179 5,868 213 432 734 4,641 2,795 6,082 293 948 918 243 15,881 736 1,118 1,017 1,652 1,347 110 789 1,447 1,564 646 1,2.57 5,333 1,131 23 222 425 14,722 2 594 151 36 2 Fe- male. 42 7 133 8,255 656 172 100 3 10 185 16,564 564 26 925 162 245 18 71 197 140 166 129 4,068 Under 16. Male. 85 Fe- male 257 138 7 110 Pri- mary horse- power. 6,782 470 803 4,039 53,973 719 6,898 9,923 1,058 585 190 120 13,835 1,982 516 389 11,110 2,819 13,936 1,595 5,873 1,307 1,804 1,414 6,273 2,657 451 231 2,757 507 5,719 1,696 7,356 264 1,555 5,455 2,402 3,223 22,374 89,615 1 Same number reported for one or more other months. 2 All other industries embrace — Artists' materials 13 Awnings, tents, and sails 132 Axle grease ■ 11 Baking powders and yeast 28 Beet sugar 1 Belting and hose, woven and rubber 5 Billiard tables and materials 18 Bone, carbon, and lamp black 1 Butter, reworking 1 Card cutting and designing 22 Carriages and sleds, children's 16 Cars, street-railroad, not including operations of railroad companies 1 Cash registers and calculating machines 8 Charcoal 4 China decorating 9 Clothing, horse 8 Clothing, men's, buttonholes 98 Coke 2 Drug grinding 9 Engraving and diesinklng 83 Engraving, wood 28 Explosives 3 Flavoring extracts 107 Foundry supplies 5 Fuel, manufactured 1 Galvanizing 9 Glucose and starch 6 Glue 11 Graphite and graphite refining 1 Grease and tallow 43 Haircloth 2 Hammocks 2 Hones and whetstones 2 Horseshoes, not made in steel works or rolling mills. 2 Iron and steel, bolts, nuts, washers, and rivets, not made in steel works or rolling mills 10 Iron and steel, doors and shutters 11 Iron and steel forgings 22 Iron and steely nails and spikes, cut and wrought, including wire nails, not made in steel works or rolling mills 6 STATISTICS OF MANUFACTURES. STATE, BY INDUSTRIES: 1909-Continued. 771 ! Capital. EXPENSES. Value of products. Services. Materials. Miscellaneous. Value added by manu- facture. Total. Officials. Clerics. Wage earners. Fuel and rent of power. Other. Bent of factory. Taxes, including internal revenue. Contract work. Other. 1 $15,410,350 810,921,660 $345,959 $749,890 $2,435,327 $113,172 14,853,532 $36,347 '$42,511 82,772 $2,343,150 $18,763,929 $13,797,225 2 3 4 1,034,657 2,207,358 5,342,721 2,616,232 2,602,579 2,946,384 240,945 49,758 219,819 185,137 127,376 139,390 1,350,663 757,485 1,295,514 60,023 22,934 271, 101 504,943 1,409,348 603,571 90,326 32, 127 22,997 1,876 342 32,653 18,252 1,020 6,722 174,067 202, 190 366, 617 2,908,409 3,212,262 3,403,496 2,363,443 1,779,980 2,628,824 5 158,366,663 188,269,238 11,505,536 21,745,628 43,659,306 1,936,856 64,667,406 4,122,786 617,924 16,969,882 33,363,918 216,946,482 160,452,222 6 7 1,089,209 7,329,973 679,007 8,044,837 50, 174 403,867 26,957 316,540 227,945 1,058,398 11,260 116,414 284,251 6,543,196 3,207 40,421 4,206 21,271 2,040 16,448 68,967 630,282 817,090 8,783,693 521,679 3,125,083 R 14,652,287 960,712 1,347,777 2,467,250 866,805 936,838 143,440 49,878 85,090 85,214 32,385 67,403 765, 132 208,606 283,592 416,178 18,259 16,692 779,013 436,273 403,510 36,157 5,526 8,601 52,716 1,600 5,120 190,400 96,792 46,952 2,896,826 973,641 1,179,584 1,701,635 9 10 17,487 19,978 619, 109 759,482 11 206,368 552,440 140,403 210,955 7,364 24,317 4,877 15,395 52,520 80,407 4,572 3,351 62,888 64,530 2,790 9,488 1,417 170 13,973 23,026 176,765 237,480 119,305 12 271 179,599 13 14,084,162 9,733,787 304,759 238,171 3,779,631 166,036 3,768,631 138,697 71,868 89,907 1,186,188 11,417,189 7,492,523 11 965,363 509,320 806,326 764,281 27,919 51,860 6,346 23,004 106, 293 231,683 17, 178 12,761 606,808 393,656 3,240 24,165 3,596 1,362 35,946 25,825 869,364 900,043 245,378 15 75 493,626 16 17 946,286 20,972,116 1,567,951 23,863,493 117, 136 709,386 76, 191 783,908 496,679 5,386,355 17,330 249,977 642,746 13,698,612 67,783 325,414 1,427 48,145 5,251 1,269,206 143,509 1,383,491 1,772,416 26,518,821 1,112,339 12,570,232 18 19 7,487,830 34,636,822 3, 257, 286 16,708,332 2,762,337 7,018,015 120,932,634 8,688,545 20,166,636 3,409,348 291,366 647,403 32,375 296,507 152,116 373,682 1,142,417 97,911 633, 777 337,585 1,899,252 4,387,006 191,242 72,180 507,208 46,643 3,516,679 109,661,026 8,220,916 15,322,236 1,587,987 70,978 239,879 16,906 116,323 56,049 16,358 243,327 4,447 9,278 . 23,576 768,242 4,180,794 79,106 7,859,346 127,130,051 9,017,639 4,270,487 16,961,817 751,080 21 22 1,436,571 635,680 290, 146 21,861 62,814 8,408 6,826 52,306 2,093,436 657,466 23,682,977 3,344,380 7,970,595 1,734,542 23 24 25 3,774,644 1,209,210 11,479,464 3,642,495 2,038,390 8,387,503 180,852 148,855 430,540 308,811 163, 789 474,350 463,733 861,946 2,746,399 63,964 74,202 215,999 1,916,682 661,940 3,326,402 17,264 96,863 86,627 11,273 1,436 66,445 104 8,342 11,245 589,912 141,017 1,039,496 3,783,236 2,227,987 8,973,730 1,812,690 1,601,845 5,431,329 26 969,101 1,248,002 90,660 97,636 276,472 15,087 492,105 52, 163 1,508 4,407 217,964 1,490,235 983,043 27 28 29 41,862,864 1,310,500 676,667 65,786,577 1,637,005 697,600 1,220,156 74,302 54,616 1,988,426 63,607 31,112 13,666,141 457,428 139,818 189,919 18,732 10,660 31,161,487 827,964 373,179 942,327 64,144 31,611 9,025,649 2,455 1,661 19,683 10,783 986 7,582,789 117,690 54,057 76,661,562 1,849,226 822,752 45,320,146 1,002,529 439,013 30 12,486,696 7,106,884 404,749 397,176 3,020,484 77,493 1,803,042 36,886 32,050 1,000 1,334,005 10,298,038 8,417,603 31 32 33 34 2,239,978 5,036,742 5,220,889 5,790,576 5,723,603 1,945,284 4,622,083 4,002,294 103,757 65,325 146,990 205,246 144,591 24,947 266, 976 146,678 907,206 234, 192 806,369 774,924 37,636 33,866 65,314 169,578 4,093,674 1,446,256 2,418,994 2,265,361 149, 167 13, 148 50,276 13,469 1,540 12,746 21,793 27,876 14,675 686 31,344 31,376 271,467 124,229 824,027 377,796 6,426,667 2,246,322 5,276,870 4,493,963 2,295,457 766,210 2,802,562 2,069,0,34 246, 363 3,340,914 6,477,199 3,769,420 320,069 5,034,670 9,321,121 6,346,652 5,800 114,408 155,552 209,771 8,200 123,043 62,469 129,671 69,485 435,193 758,079 843,251 3,683 36,419 185,851 76, 198 156,747 3,910,864 7,637,667 3,710,246 6,520 60,820 14,818 70,814 1,090 11,031 18,028 11,651 69,564 343,820 488,667 282,352 341,287 6,476,762 10,066,431 5,875,153 180, 877 36 72 1,629,469 2,241,913 2,089,709 38 14,298 3,298,065 3,143,341 65,340 14,162 262,095 604,484 1,914,067 76 14, 362 268,786 3,401,722 883,201 iy 40 41 1,612,183 25,207,821 1,978,760 21,379,217 68,249 468,652 69,666 349,907 728,647 4,144,918 46,781 370,969 871,805 14,373,069 66,042 31,722 2,872 79,289 3,214 170,876 132,584 1,389,825 2,421,621 23,739,421 1,503,036 8,995,393 42 194,761,262 279,923,145 3,612,379 4,132,024 19,i:/9,919 6,533,122 223,807,991 975,516 8,796,488 165,575 13,820,131 298,514,230 69,173,117 2 All other industries embrace— Continued. Iron and steel pipe, wrought 1 Labels and tags f 5 Liquors, distilled • ■. ^^ Locomotives, not made by railroad companies .... 2 Matches j Mats and matting * Mineral and soda waters ="' Mucilage and paste ''j Oakum - :--■ ,, Oil, not elsewhere specified ^i Paving materials 2 Pencils, lead . Pens, steel i Petroleum, refining Phonographs and graphophones 3 Pulp goods 3 Roofing materials 7 Rules, ivory and wood 3 Safes and vaults 3 Sand and emery paper and cloth 2 Smelting and refining, copper 2 Soda-water apparatus 26 Sporting and athletic goods 48 Springs, steel, car and carriage 7 Statuary and art goods 58 Sugar, refining, not including beet sugar 5 Sulphuric, nitric, and mixed acids 4 Tin plate and temeplate 2 Tin foil 5 Upholstering materials 38 Vault lights and ventilators 14 Washing machines and clothes wringers 9 Waste 3 Whalebone cutting 1 Wheelbarrows 6 Wood carpet 6 Wood preserving 4 Wool pulling 4 Wool scouring 1 772 SUPPLEMENT FOR NEW YORK. Table III.— DETAIL STATEMENT FOR CITIES OF 50,000 INHABITANTS OR MORE, BY INDUSTRIES, CITIES OF 50,000 IIWHABITAIVTS OR MORE, BY IIVDUSTRIES. A L. B A IV Y. INBUSTET. All Industries Boxes, fancy and paper Brass and bronze products Bread and otlier bakery products Brick and tile Carriages and wagons and materials Clothing, men's, including shirts Coffee and spice, roasting and grinding . . Confectionery Cutlery and tools, not elsewhere specified. . Foundry and machine-shop products Hats and caps, other than felt, straw, and wool. Liquors, malt Lumber and timber products Marble and stone work Patent medicines and compounds and druggists' preparations. Photo-engraving Printing and publishing Slaughtering and meat packing 'Tobacco manufactures All other industries ' Num- ber of estab- lish- ments 399 3 6 69 4 4 13 5 6 3 18 3 64 ' 7 52 102 PERSONS ENGAGED IN INDUSTRY. Total. 11, 607 63 55 451 99 65 1,075 43 123 29 745 29 431 185 47 28 35 2,003 30 322 5,749 Pro- prie- tors and firm mem- bers. Sala- ried offi- cers, super- intend- ents, and man- agers. 5 167 Clerks. Male. 2 180 2 16 328 Fe- male, Wage earners (average number). Total. 9,861 54 41 289 90 48 991 22 116 19 636 306 180 1,635 20 245 5,097 16 and over. Male. 16 39 215 90 48 102 19 54 18 607 306 159 33 25 1,149 20 192 3,848 Fe- male. 2,832 38 65 875 3 58 1 29 49 1,239 Un- der 16. WAGE EARNERS— NUMBER DEC. 15 OR NEAREST REPRESENTATIVE DAT. Total. 10, 413 58 141 46 1,037 23 128 20 734 22 315 147 38 13 30 1,654 19 251 5,396 16 and over. Male. 7,378 17 41 222 141 46 107 20 60 19 700 17 316 146 29 1,163 19 197 4,074 Fe- male. 2,966 41 67 468 50 1,310 Under 16. Fe- male, 27 Pri- mary horse- power. 15, 629 15 59 143 365 63 256 170 140 20 2,328 715 68 19 8 1,324 91 60 8,973 1 AU other industries embrace: Artificial stone, 1; awnings, tents, and sails, 2; axle grease, 1; bags, paper, 1; baking powders and yeast, 2; baskets, and rattan and willow ware, 1; belting and hose, leather, 1; bilUard tables and materials, 1; blacking and cleansing and polisMng preparations, 2; bluing, 1; boots and shoes, including cut stock and findings, 3; boxes, cigar, 1; brushes, 1; cars and general shop construction and repairs by steam-railroad companies, 2; cars and general shop construction and repairs by street-railroad companies, 1; chemicals, 1; clothing, women's, 4; coffins, burial cases, and undertakers' goods, 1; copper, tin, and sheet>iron products, 3; cork, cutting, 1; electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies, 2; electroplating, 1; engraving and diesinking, 1; engraving, wood, 1; flour-mill and gristmill products, 2; food preparations, 2; foundry supplies, 1; fur goods, 1; furnishing goods, men's, 2; furniture and refrigerators, 3; gas, illuminating and heating, 2; glass, cutting, staimng, and BTJFFAIiO. All Industries . Automobiles, including bodies and parts.. Bicycles, motor cycles, and parts Blacking and cleansing and polishing prep- arations. Boots and shoes, including cut stock and findings. Brass and bronze products , Bread and other bakery products Brick and tile Canning and preserving Carriages and wagons and materials Cars and general shop construction and repairs by steam-railroad companies. Clothing, men's, including shirts Clothing, women's Confectionery Cooperage and wooden goods, not else- where specified. Copper, tin, and sheet-iron products Cutlery and tools, not elsewhere specified . , Electrical machinery, apparatus, and sup- plies. Flour-mill and gristmill products Foundry and machine-shop products Fur goods Furniture and refrigerators Gloves and mittens, leather Instruments, professional and scientific Jewelry Jewehy and instrument cases Leather goods Leather, tanned, curried, and finished Liquors, malt Lumber and timber products Malt Marble and stone work Mattresses and spring beds Mirrors Models and patterns, not including paper patterns. Paper goods, not elsewhere specified 1,753 23 7 11 14 18 189 5 10 149 12 61,246 3,640 181 287 722 414 1,794 178 73 504 3,474 1,681 655 633 194 1,882 273 347 793 10,018 122 2,347 98 130 401 458 609 679 828 2,202 362 410 230 113 140 26 21 7 133 34 16 14 7 47 17 18 40 264 10 51, 412 3,044 150 136 653 347 1,355 163 42 429 3,190 1,430 566 605 172 1,652 231 282 2,052 76 110 , 298 416 609 513 673 1,950 288 364 190 105 67 43,385 2,941 146 51 343 339 1,026 163 33 382 3,181 442 95 I, 181 1,404 223 457 8,788 32 1,919 35 82 244 92 453 670 1,925 288 298 166 104 66 7,44S 100 1 81 4 329 962 465 317 7 13 18 62 63 74 38 21 46 317 102 11 50 10 3 6 19 66 34 1 1 1 582 3 3 4 56, 223 3,570 183 134 690 501 1,366 103 46 449 3,456 1,585 567 577 178 1,243 239 320 465 10,186 130 2,246 83 99 297 446 623 681 677 2,087 337 396 186 109 117 47,908 3,448 178 50 1,032 103 36 400 3,446 490 97 207 174 1,125 231 304 447 10,095 47 38 74 243 407 613 674 2,069 337 324 161 108 79 67 8,079 117 1 331 1,067 464 362 105 7 15 17 73 79 81 42 19 46 339 105 57 3 6 412 5 4 4 224 31 121, 791 4, 561 161 209 370 2,417 1,191 265 100 551 2,768 365 61 604 206 1,955 359 654 10,987 11,690 6 2,846 12 34 116 109 460 1,297 4,888 6,713 3,862 427 137 125 76 STATISTICS OF MANUFACTURES. AND TOTALS FOR ALL INDUSTRIES IN CITIES OF 10,000 BUT LESS THAN 50,000 INHABITANTS: 1909. CITIES OF 50,00O IIVHABITAIVTS OR 9IORE, BY liVDUSTRIES. A I. B A NV. 773 Capital. «26, 276, 429 38,546 113,726 842,646 179,662 203,217 604,114 154,635 165,710 20,260 2,922,965 28,600 4,203,388 337,505 52, 138 48, 121 26,871 3,119,269 67,718 443,979 12, 713, 469 'Total. $20,668,578 77,030 134,228 1,075,103 85, 193 87,234 643,7.59 2.53, 999 199, 931 31,971 1,223,560 45,576 2,668,514 414,976 62, 907 61, 033 49,641 2,926,369 234,265 590, 757 9,812,543 Services. Officials. $895, 663 3,300 6,900 12,525 1,500 10,956 17,398 2,390 63,269 272, 500 10,829 2,560 11,290 140,662 Clerks. $725,394 1,660 3,530 39,799 1,612 20,376 8,400 2,000 800 47, 173 2,016 91,314 4,188 17,760 282,844 895 166,968 1,000 10,964 321,299 Wage earners. $9,234,131 22,018 30,679 169,383 38,982 36, 716 330,818 11,377 34,851 11,546 395,582 14,392 291,593 82,430 23,231 5,139 21,486 957,015 12,674 124,443 2,620,077 Materials. Fuel and rent of power. $471,845 665 1,935 22,770 18, 996 2,729 .5,158 3,332 3,212 1,021 26,036 314 52, 156 2,233 2,192 618 664 37,666 2,203 2,315 285,730 Other. $10,049,009 36,470 86, 994 711,783 2,167 28,969 227,463 217,761 136,476 9,447 533,094 26, 267 600,724 293,959 29, 986 26,483 11,782 1,236,162 208,711 277,488 5,347,829 Miscellaneous. Rent of factory. $134,990 3,375 2,400 14,993 600 8,161 1,200 900 810 8,320 594 3,050 1,142 863 1,069 24,447 1,920 7,004 54,102 Taxes, including internal revenue. $634. 970 379 396 4,761 667 1,797 3,377 1,217 967 51 9,147 447,121 2,192 174 136 25 8,530 675 89, 909 63,449 Contract work. $121, 382 3,400 6,000 3,210 624 1,121 2,000 650 216 26,776 Other. $2, 440, 978 9,263 3,394 99,089 20,669 5,443 27,618 10,712 16, 626 2,696 140,325 1,993 913,106 14,973 4,182 12,748 2,531 277,534 7,072 60,668 810,437 Value of products. $22, 829, 702 88,310 142, 950 1,209,869 142,800 92,489 288,066 245,774 47,002 1,353,723 62,500 3,056,444 468,226 86, 169 68,887 50,072 3,248,642 265,927 677,435 10,562,337 Value added by manu- facture. $12,304,852 61,175 55,021 475,316 121,637 60, 791 435,469 66,973 106,086 36,534 794,593 35,919 2,403,564 172,034 53,991 41,786 37,726 1,974,814 55,013 397,632 4,928,778 ornamenting, 2; hand stamps and stencils and brands, 2; hosiery and knit goods, 2; ice, manufactured, 1; ink, writing, 1; jewelry, 2; jewelry and instrument cases, 1; lasts, 1 : mattresses and spring beds, 2; mineral and soda waters, 11 ; models and patterns, not including paper patterns, 2; mucilage and baste, 1 ; musical instruments,_ pianos and organs and materials, 1; oil, not elsewhere specified, 2; optical goods, 1; paper goods, not elsewhere specified, 3; phonographs ana graphophones, 1; photographic appa- ratus and materials, 1; pottery, terra-cotta, and fire-clay products, 2; saws, 1; soap, 1; stereotyping and electrotyping, 1; stoves and furnaces, including gas and oil stoves, 3; surgical appliances and artificial limbs, 1; toys and games, 1; window shades and fixtures, 1; wirework, including wire rope and cable, 1; wood, turned and carved, 2; wool pulling, 2. BUFFAL.O. $193,041,267 9,300,037 338, 611 942,202 909,755 1,046,601 4,368,514 402,488 97,607 982,948 2,390,773 2,308,628 448,391 614,336 305,536 4,127,151 503,455 1, 174, 857 5,313,092 20,326,291 213, 726 4,083,497 108,348 178,023 1,307,483 341,661 937, 685 3, 058, 110 12,783,614 5,061,255 15,471,572 752, 798 256, 132 78,642 59, 421 $196,019,696 8,180,965 329,022 831,229 1,221,171 1,519,307 4,760,168 146,630 178,610 906, 128 4,628,648 3, 043, 137 902, 730 1,108,994 556, 199 3,667,285 356,282 628, 171 19,032,136 18,378,417 294,755 3,808,360 130, 689 129,147 735, 777 347, 755 964.309 2,6a8,582 5,365,407 6,0''4,691 6,380,159 821,568 43'', 165 283, 625 88.944 172,447 249,846 75140°—! $4, 610, 680 150,259 24,629 20,392 11,135 40,605 65,792 7,480 1,900 27,722 109,260 62,701 22,864 26,927 9,970 120,589 30,360 47,992 113,812 662,264 6,080 152,088 4,450 18,917 14,800 32,140 34,664 35,086 299,470 140,214 91,675 23,464 11, 770 1,300 7,060 20,620 $4,736,699 132,797 6,718 96,663 44,129 31,052 184, 867 4,007 10,970 16,010 109,319 119,234 39,802 65,595 1,612 167,063 16,258 36,983 205,494 680,795 10,701 159, 630 9,985 6,151 84,259 16,082 61,470 49,980 113,069 95,981 52,854 12, 627 13,962 3,564 2,476 9,004 $28, 727, 228 2, 199, 667 105, 435 66,564 267, 136 210,942 724,886 88,429 17, 115 246,800 1,938,340 600, 778 181,899 160, 073 94, 126 852,647 128,454 141,327 323,992 6,143,940 60, 810 1,036,648 34, 741 53,605 173, 650 113,228 262, 166 246,027 536, 338 1,105,938 221, 796 242,887 91. 147 69. 300 62,030 44,322 $4, 822, 019 62, 701 3,324 8,826 31, 102 81,223 22,162 2,313 8,817 71,814 16,018 3,350 15,080 2,733 44,983 8,632 14,413 86,249 393, 055 604 40,808 1,633 1,094 3,443 1,883 15, 780 19,296 101, 884 41,856 163, 176 7,759 2.806 1,789 592 2,160 $131,716,222 4,532,964 145,666 407,250 826,042 1,109,973 3,253,930 2,903 139,904 547,793 2,205,144 1,781,748 561,704 723, 734 425,346 2,227,056 132,668 321,436 17,383,360 8,418,388 191,608 2,115,095 71, 262 28,372 381,812 128,999 504, 766 2, 174, 658 1,378,828 3,283,167 6, 503, 619 435, 114 273,339 198,681 11,666 147,313 $919, 176 21,339 6,053 2,617 8,446 6,492 45,355 4,125 1,770 8,354 39,286 13, 189 24,109 2,800 24,663 3,306 3,170 95,061 9,465 33,227 4,400 3.568 9,774 10,140 20,000 12,935 33.699 3,156 10,914 5,200 4,060 5,800 $1, 728, 971 14,336 983 2,393 2,243 1,813 19, 795 6,832 720 4,120 17, 471 1,004 1,440 17,642 1,994 3,419 20,543 69,228 169 14,427' 100 52 357 107 3,590 6,377 1,003,659 20,921 42,699 2,857 776 394 108 111 $959, 620 2,025 2,000 2,295 306,916 "2.5^636' 2,365 2,941 25 140, ?02 173.217 1,600 '1^823' '"'67' 600 13,446 ""566' $16, 803, 921 1,067,002 34,189 223, 471 53,214 71,761 374, 316 11,692 3,818 44,217 77,300 114, 889 79,922 67,442 18,173 210,277 31,679 59,406 757,603 2,752,469 15,418 264,937 4,118 15,676 67,682 46,581 71,733 107, 159 1,932,169 373,079 280, 743 80, 268 32,462 2,997 1,063 20,615 $218,803,994 9,597,763 390,357 963,586 1,355,821 1,790,549 5,644,300 165,221 204,284 1,196,020 4,524,448 3,698,623 1,014,059 1,179,919 608,941 4,122,813 462,283 661,287 19,941,692 20,775,474 350,321 4,184,964 /147,620 151,243 979,250 392, 630 1,129,321 2,808,993 6,496,549 6,680,018 7,094,746 943, 318 554,814 330,991 122,939 294,816 $82,269,793 6,002,108 241,367 552,447 620,953 649, 474 2,209,147 140, 156 62,067 639,410 2,247,490 1,901,867 449,005 441, 105 180,863 1,850,774 310,993 325,438 2,471,983 11,964,031 158,209 2,029,061 74, 725 121,777 693,995 261,648 608, 776 615,039 5,015,837 2,254,996 1,437,952 500.445 278,670 130, 521 110,792 146,343 —50 774 SUPPLEMENT FOR NEW YORK. Table III.— DETAIL STATEMENT FOR CITIES OF 50,000 INHABITANTS OR MORE, BY INDUSTRIES, AND CITIES OF 50,000 iniHABITAXTS OR MORB, BY IIVDUSTRIES— Continued. B U F F A li O— Continued . Num- ber of estab- lish- ments Patent medicines and compounds and druggists' preparations- Photo-engraving Printing and publishing Slaughtering and meat packing Soap Stereotyping and electrotyping - Tobacco manufactures Wall plaster All other industries i 61 6 164 3 188 377 PEKS0N3 ENGAGED IN INDUSTBY. 137 3,994 1,929 1,592 58 764 47 15, 293 Pro- prie- tors and firm mem- bers. Sala- ried olB- cers, super- intend- ents, and man- agers. 6 133 36 2 210 1 7 168 31 64 1 13 5 472 Clerks. 22 390 141 121 4 20 6 1,102 Fe- male, 6 214 60 45 Wage earners (average number). Total. 230 96 3,089 1,662 1,360 47 516 32 12,992 16 and over. 81 2,459 1,602 43 447 32 10, 199 Fe- male. 584 58 378 2,598 Un- der 16. WAGE EARNERS — NUMBER DEC. 15, OR NEAREST REPRESENTATIVE DAY. Total. 215 102 3,159 1,694 1,413 47 663 31 14,751 16 and over. 76 95 2,514 1,633 1,020 43 488 31 11,576 Fe- male. 696 59 393 Under 16. Male, Fe- male. Pri- mary horse- power. 362 153 3,588 3,743 2,489 112 21 220 50,433 > All other industries embrace: Agricultural implements, 2; artificial flowers and leathers and plume.'!, 2; artificial stone, 6; awnings, tents, and sails, 6; axle grease, 3; babbitt metal and solder, 1; bags, other than paper, 1; baking powders and yeast, 4; baskets, and rattan and willow ware, 8; belting and hose, leather, 2; belting and milk, 1; buttons, not including operatic -- . , , „ - - „ - , , , , - -- , „, . . roasting and grmding, 8; coffins, burial cases, and undertakers' goods, 2; corsets, 4; cotton goods, including cotton small wares, 1; dairymen's, poulterers', and apiarists' supplies, 3; dentists' materials, 1; dyestufis and extracts, 1; electroplating, 11; emery and other abrasive wheels, 2; enameling and japanning, 3; engraving and diesinking, 5; engraving, wood, 2; fancy articles, not elsewhere specified, 3; fertilizers, 3; fire extinguishers, chemical, 3; flags, banners, regalia, society badges, and emblems, 2; flavoring extracts, 9; food preparations, 12; foundry supplies, 1; furnishing goods, men's, 2; furs, dressed, 1; galvanizing, 1; gas and'eleetrie fixtures and lamps and reflectors, 13; gas, illuminating and heating, 1; glass, cutting, staining, and ornamenting, 9; glue, 1; grease and tallow, 3; hair work, 1; hand stamps and stencils and brands, 3; hats and caps, otherthan felt, straw, and wool, 4; hats, straw, 1; hosiery and knit goods, 1; house-furnishing goods, not elsewhere specified, 4; ice, manufactured, 3; ink, printing, 3; !VEW YORK CITY. AUindustries 25,938 680,510 29,055 16,838 58,732 21,883 654,002 366,411 183,8613,730 587,745 ,388,647195,127 1,605 2,366 429,003 Artificial flowers and feathers and plumes. . Artificial stone Automobiles, including bodies and parts. . Bags, paper Baskets, and rattan and willow ware Belting and hose, leather Bicycles, motorcycles, and parts Blacking and cleansing and polishing preparations. Bluing Boots and shoes, including cut stock and findings. Boxes, cigar Boxes, fancy and paper Brass and bronze products Bread and other bakery products. Brooms Brushes Buttons Canning and preserving Carpets and rugs, other than rag. Carpets, rag Carriages and wagons and materials Cars and general shop construction and repairs by steam-railroad companies. Cars .and general shop construction and repairs by street-railroad companies. Chemicals Clocks and watches, including cases and materials. Clothing, men's, including shirts Clothing, women's Coffee and spice, roasting and grinding.. . Coffins, burialcases, and undertakers' goods Confectionery \- - ■ Cooperage and wooden goods, not else- where specified. Coppe.' , tin, and sheet-iron products Cordage and twine and jute and linen goods. Corsets Cotton goods, including cotton small wares. Cutlery and tools, not elsewhere specified. DyeinK and finishing textiles Electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies. Electroplating Enameling and japanning Engravers' materials Fancy articles, not elsewhere specified Files Flags, banners, regalia, society badges, and emblems. Food preparations Foundry and machine-shop products. Fur goods Furnishing goods, men's Furniture and refrigerators Furs, dressed 312 24 56 Q 26 18 5 60 4 181 31 211 163 2, 378 13 81 147 73 5 10 195 3 2,526 2,995 61 16 127 39 466 9 .39 13 70 69 160 97 11 156 50 923 821 313 406 49 9,769 266 .2,326 441 462 451 33 677 26 9,177 1,396 8,018 4,197 20, 401 139 1,470 3,636 1,340 256 65 2,379 1,619 3,685 1,812 1,576 77, 543 110, 567 2,080 731 7,641 1,200 11,399 4.619 2,445 428 763 3,198 7,002 652 67 129 678 2,320 29,200 10,719 8,051 9,878 26 3,656 4,332 71 14 119 42 102 758 1,264 409 404 64 8,732 21, 883 S 621 134 13 1 156 43 42 10 14 4 91 26 2 125 45 5 1 369 231 76 8 272 116 254 75 1,181 975 3 6 105 32 151 47 156 34 16 13 4 2 60 13 71 4 121 4 209 76 89 23 4,681 1,310 7,284 3,273 516 89 1.32 23 607 211 21 9 587 176 131 19 195 51 28 6 46 30 195 73 741 226 21 14 2 1 7 4 289 133 4 2 37 41 291 49 2,777 475 1,073 392 830 373 692 111 40 8 8,449 227 1,979 367 401 24 406 15 8,200 1,256 7,210 3,564 16, 521 114 1,203 3,172 1,034 215 47 2,016 1,517 3,471 1,438 1,417 67,142 94.2.58 1,329 529 6,522 1,111 9,844 4,436 2,128 686 2,770 5,686 480 60 68 2,945 105 630 1,814 24,014 7,824 6,295 8,414 748 1,129 224 1,969 186 315 282 24 179 6,900 661 2,754 3,244 13,476 111 693 1,944 598 107 42 2,006 1,517 1,300 1,110 46, 390 41, 127 928 405 2,678 1,097 8,642 1,880 226 166 392 1,681 4,824 459 32 68 1,901 102 171 1,177 23,304 5,339 1,990 8,180 744 7,128 2 226 10 2,212 545 4,336 314 1,996 3 468 1,160 420 107 17 132 301 21,606 52,715 ,399 124 3,699 12 1,230 2,516 1,892 198 147 1,083 836 17 18 146 416 2 993 2 340 615 659 2,468 4,254 231 4 145 8,981 287 2,338 337 24 432 18 8,725 1,390 7,899 4,061 16,014 115 1,308 3,357 1,085 225 55 1,993 1,696 3,777 1,460 1,545 71,838 98,745 1,354 7,480 994 10, 668 4,441 2,088 388 615 2,906 6,241 608 49 64 3,212 120 558 1,992 25,412 9,353 6,493 1,200 284 2,326 193 326 319 24 191 4 6,277 732 3,017 3,687 13,904 112 754 2,067 627 112 49 1,982 1,696 3,758 1,320 1,210 48,565 43,086 946 403 3,071 981 9,257 1,882 222 175 412 1,764 5,295 31 64 2,073 116 180 1,293 24,661 6,382 2,053 8,730 681 7,677 2 10 187 12 2,364 603 4,749 357 2,069 3 1,217 440 112 3 11 134 328 23, 117 55,224 407 124 4,242 11 1,333 2,618 1,856 209 154 1,136 917 18 18 1,083 3 364 675 2,951 4,388 247 4 188 40 107 111 377 2 159 201 222 1,460 200 129 15 236 10 2,559 913 1,696 3,054 6,642 592 1,024 1,189 196 25 1,950 1,186 4,716 490 7,399 11,167 3,475 600 6,254 1,215 6,415 9,485 421 415 377 2,738 6,954 477 48 177 2,413 150 2,724 33,463 857 498 6,993 1,137 STATISTICS OF MANUFACTURES. 775 TOTALS FOR ALL INDUSTRIES IN CITIES OF 10,000 BUT LESS THAN 50,000 INHABITANTS: 1909- CITIES OF 50,000 INHABITAIVTS OR MORE, RY IIVD1JSTRIES— Continued. B V F F A I> O— Continued. -Continued. Capital. EXPENSES. Value of products. Total. Services. Materials. Miscellaneous. Value added by nianu- facture. Omcials. Clerks. Wage earners. Fuel and rent of power. Other. Rent of factory. Taxes, including internal revenue. Contract work. Other. 37 38 39 40 $1,088,881 120,304 6,049,413 7,270,013 7,256,500 73,469 000,004 171, 807 69,054,793 $2,002,860 160,508 6,276,566 23,389,052 7,067,717 92,817 1,038,867 95,546 50,799,867 $88,571 11,520 363,421 124,442 91,864 1,820 14,347 8,288 1,450,167 $107,726 19,183 423,039 204,868 122,692 3,497 19, 176 7,809 1,158,617 $90,063 79,052 1,936,777 903,210 544,592 32, 195 282,343 14,566 6,937,308 $7,605 1,310 77,315 120,821 106,605 1,901 3,977 3,002 3,223,278 $353,302 26,291 2,277,601 21,607,805 6,053,505 42,039 646,443 48,957 39,126,143 $15,472 3,444 108,514 3,159 350 4,400 18,213 $5,744 285 20,142 24,314 37,931 $374 2,000 179,580 $1,394,014 17,423 890, 177 280,433 506,218 6,965 50,722 12,240 4,285,900 $2,801,045 189,051 7,678,698 25,416,054 8,652,900 137,673 1,236,590 120,417 62,815,787 $2,440,138 161,460 6,323,782 3,627,428 41 4' 4,000 2,892,830 93, 733 43 44 102,930 624 262,448 710 680, 170 74,398 45 274,013 82,333 20,467,366 ink, writing, 1; iron and steel, blast furnaces, 3; iron and steel, steelworks and rolling mills, 4; iron and steel, doors and shutters, 1; iron and steel forgings, 5; lasts, 2; lead, bar, pipe, and sheet, 1; liquors, vinous, 1; looking-glass and picture frames, 8; millinery and lace goods, 8; mineral and soda waters, 21; mucilage and paste, 2; musical instruments and materials, not specified, 1; musical instruments, pianos and organs and materials, 5; oil, linseed, 4; oil, not elsewhere specified, 3; optical goods, 5; paint and varnish, 7; pens, steel, 1; petroleum, refining, 1; photographic apparatus and materials, 3; pipes, tobacco, 1; pottery, terra-eotta, and fire-clay products, 2; pumps, not including steam pumps, 1; rubber goods, not elsewhere specified, 4; safes and vaults, 1; saws, 1; scales and balances, 3; screws, machine, 2; sewing machines, cases, and attachments, 1; shipbuilding, including boat buUding, 11; show cases, 2; signs and advertising novelties, 2; silk and silk goods, including throwsters, 2; smelting and refining, copper, 1; smelting and refining, not from the ore, 1; sporting and athletic goods, 2; statuary and art goods, 3; steam packing, 3; stoves and furnaces, including gas and oil stoves, 3; sulphuric, nitric, and mixed acids, 3; surgical appliances and artificial limbs, 7; toys and games, 1; type founding and printing materials, 1; type- writers and supplies, 1; umbrellas and canes, 2; vault hghts and ventilators, 1; wall paper, 1; whips, 1; wirework, including wire rope and cable, 10; wood distillation, not including turpentine and rosin, 1; wood, turned and carved, 3. IVEW YORK CITY. 1 $1,364,352,683 $1,803,961,431 $46,675,495 $75,398,230 $323,698,132 $26,024,774 $1,066,130,669 $30,291,011 $27,938,207 $60,088,482 $147,716,541 $2,029,692,576 $937,537,243 7,903,261 506, 097 3,712,861 945,286 402,061 2,396,180 35, 819 807,099 19,333 8,808,020 930,242 4,600,071 0,204,822 25,796,438 82, 302 1,705,938 2,409,860 3,427,552 311, 900 35,472 3,108,017 1, 181, 480 10,310,476 3,474,401 88,943,663 80,761,926 6, 102, 708 2,101,397 9,029,546 3,823,578 23,437,028 10,060,013 2,090,720 828,368 846,805 4,034,564 10,022,008 287,072 71,555 129,890 5,483,280 108,051 757,301 3,427,750 82,972,570 18,635,692 10,325,813 11,446,217 734,531 18,143,360 416,514 5, 722, 453 1,481,020 840,860 2,770,921 54, 920 1, 781, 101 57,012 10,740,227 1,740,721 8,424,062 7,734,051 54,839,076 207, 224 2, 418, 309 4, 373, 146 4,966,031 282, 791 75,289 3, 483, 600 2,052,346 6,311,902 11,707,883 2,491,582 197, 794, 102 230,090,095 13, 707, 450 1,890,950 18,394,868 3,007,500 20,985,568 7,238,697 4,105,801 942,532 1,170,244 5,288,218 13,753,608 0.55,737 60, 137 302,343 5,921,246 99,700 1,161,115 7,437,700 54,603,313 33,847,054 22,641,830 17,248,746 9.55,591 270,699 17,610 317,005 124, 400 23,800 78,906 3,300 394,014 72,484 300,376 292, 164 548,896 4,330 68, 117 134,684 101,807 16, 750 2,586 126,301 46,706 120,801 271,392 116,018 2,118,529 3,201,948 181,427 60,618 634,534 42,188 729,907 132,067 89,428 43,024 09,017 401,608 737,875 27,981 900 19,270 243,079 8,307 21,204 268,214 3,035,345 440,384 388,053 561,986 44,163 7.02,592 7,032 174, 741 55,4.59 14,036 98,539 1,432 136,230 3,800 601,679 06, 276 316, 450 315, 637 1, 405, 645 5,839 102,312 160, 482 164,048 19,375 3,108 77,061 63,830 93,992 362,727 109, 121 5,918,880 9,897,302 649,918 138, 605 054, 044 21,818 622,300 142,362 252, 412 25,372 53,879 217,608 836,245 18,642 2,000 9,181 379,593 4,220 62,864 362, 156 2,990,963 1,246,844 1,300,322 610,994 41,880 3,436,068 149,806 1,584,739 156,542 280,205 187,003 12,720 177,355 6,527 4,463,992 558, 450 2,848,710 2,115,915 10,374,524 62,255 556,448 1,348,808 488, 533 89, 108 20,326 1,326,080 924, 698 2,236,008 981,253 780,096 37,978,340 63,517,688 648,078 287,063 2,373,127 524,326 5,785,729 1,601,308 888,943 105, 198 361, 710 1,096,949 3,335,937 314,695 22,367 52,392 1,448,313 41,656 203,336 797,233 16,735,910 6,482,884 2,997,751 5,359,260 512,331 43, 643 .3,394 67,497 7,397 3,833 16,468 616 15, 409 97, 504 14,494 96,846 144, 128 1,181,979 2,290 30,809 42,698 40, 797 0,821 035 58, 159 70,783 93,466 305, 163 16,013 708,008 1,133,499 141,809 17,374 202,199 33,903 006,030 115,883 22,994 14,922 17, 690 133, 284 170,876 26,722 3,017 4,189 63, 704 5,206 8,924 130,763 850,613 80,909 54,853 201,633 28,780 12,193,339 191, 4J2 2,568,152 1,050,153 409,027 2,015,512 31,238 980,870 34,970 9,852,673 901,332 3,910,145 3,801,052 30,774,943 123,421 1,422,303 2,309,159 3,444,386 112,000 28,153 1,508,282 915, 237 2,450,300 8,913,338 1,163,008 112,123,104 143, 711, 528 11,300,518 1,195,755 12,192,813 2,187,071 11,450,550 4, 154, 031 2,148,927 558, 706 442,869 2,593,842 6,666,651 179,029 14,416 190,012 2,835,901 33,825 702,726 4,852,603 23,207,673 23,353,241 15,489,683 8,628,961 224,472 452, 149 15, 129 234,258 28,850 16,043 20,927 3,900 44, 233 2,470 218, 409 49, 661 386,037 154, 604 1,642,904 10,901 59,311 104,011 71,606 6,230 5,876 202,667 4,200 6,360 46,532 33,338 2,928,191 5,338,824 146, 113 20,343 408,211 21,953 342, 449 91,860 127, 730 6,975 43, 504 95,964 204,621 56, 695 3,616 10,864 120,286 1,637 40,343 141,006 950,920 918, 212 •425,705 605,407 38, 772 2,322 1,739 8,681 2,622 2,734 1,062 2,123 159 18,549 3,473 8,595 25,030 154,392 18 5,480 2,340 10,085 7,350 73 26,244 11,981 110,998 55,278 10,600 48,835 27,002 37,739 7,039 38,922 22,609 71,235 88,160 7,598 3,117 1,386 22,806 60, 491 422 383 18 13,443 846 762 22,405 271,290 47,324 3,530 00,801 2,519 180, 135 2,447 1,100 360 260 300 420 02,300 47, 197 27,413 7,522 10,269 111,870 1,000 29,705 7,182 27,270,080 8,919,007 1,815 1,000 77,050 160,467 87,665 73, 586 14,000 320,232 25,025 1,907 463 103, 770 498 11,722 1,365 746,894 202,823 731,809 204,001 185 813, 529 26,345 766,620 56, 177 90,322 361, 844 4,821 327,550 5,418 1,031,147 80,501 497, 701 858,102 2,748,212 8,170 103, 270 159,122 037,810 20,091 8,534 129,061 25,862 194,977 843,200 261, 141 8,700,189 10,342,037 754, 439 163,493 1,889,418 136,582 1,210,895 912,376 480, 164 51,632 166,229 405,875 1,725,287 29,744 3,538 15,948 722,5.iO 3,500 119,234 861,362 5,813,699 2,008,433 1,250,124 1,149,036 62.489 21, 098, 226 485, 739 6,194,354 1,682,0.54 986,991 3,070,246 07,855 1,998,058 70,314 18,376,429 1,842,913 9,450,308 8,754,8,57 61,904,484 243, 460 2,803,455 6,235,481 6, .537, 640 367,580 91,568 4,165,155 2,062,340 6,311,962 12,945,352 3,035,596 218,411,030 260,477,381 16,819,392 2,102,009 20,002,181 3, 445, 003 23,303,074 7,374,073 4, 010, 171 1,051,108 1, 345, 658 6,002,043 14,787,730 885,726 77, 215 328,271 6,987,206 121,328 1,347,362 8,046,233 63,852,591 39,874,380 25,496,846 19,4.38,816 1,209,225 8, 861, .344 290,933 3, 658, 706 624,604 573, 131 1,038,206 30, 102 1,001,779 35,036 8,426,262 927,087 5,437,317 4,809,077 23,947,502 117, 755 1,410,343 2,883,624 2,040,453 238,693 62, 780 2,698,714 1,066,326 2, 768, 196 3,720,851 1,857,515 105,579,918 121,032,354 4,371,065 888,880 7,667,109 1, 224, 669 11,246,494 3,103,5.59 2,438,250 477,489 885,099 3, 275, 617 7,9.50,309 679, 975 59, 782 134,070 4,097,601 82,297 635,702 3,062,867 39,794,305 16,440,236 9,951,309 10,708,222 955,973 776 SUPPLEMENT FOR NEW YORK. Table III.— DETAIL STATEMENT FOR CITIES OF 50,000 INHABITANTS OR MORE, BY INDUSTRIES, AND CITIES OF 50,000 IIVHA.BITAIVTS OR MORE, BY IIVDUSTRIES— Continued. IV EW YORK C I X Y— Continued. Num- ber of estab- lisli- ments Gas and electric fixtures and lamps and reflectors. Gas, illuminating and heating Glass, cutting, staining, and ornamenting Gloves and mittens, leather Gold and silver, leaf and foil Gold and silver, reducing and refining, not from the ore. Hair work Hand stamps and stencils and brands Hats and citpB, other than telt, straw, and wool. Hats, tuT-tel t Hosiery and knit goods House-furnishing goods, not elsewhere specified. Ice, manufactiu'ed Ink, printing Ink, writing Instrumeniis, professional and scientific. Jewelry Jewelry and instrument cases Kaolin and ground earths Lasts Lead, bar, pipe, and sheet Leather goods Leather, tanned, curried, and finished. Liquors, malt '. - . . Looking-glass and picture frames. Lumber and timber products Marble and stone work Mattresses and spring beds Millinery and lace goods Mirrors Models and patterns, not including paper patterns. Musical instruments and materials, not specified. Musical instruments, pianos and organs and materials. Paint and varnish Paper goods, not elsewhere specified Patent medicines and compounds and druggists' preparations. Pens, fountam, stylographic, and gold Photo-engraving Pipes, tobacco Pottery, terra-cotta, and fire-clay products . Printing and publishing Rubber goods, not elsewhere specified — Saws Sewing machines, cases, and attachments Shipbuilding, including boat building. . . Show cases Silk and silk goods, including throwsters. Silverware and plated ware Slaughtering and meat packing Smelting and refining, not from the ore. Stationery goods, not elsewhere specified. Steam packing Stereotyping and electrotyping Stoves and furnaces, including gas and oil stoves. Surgical appliances and artificial limbs... Tobacco manufactures Toys and games Type founding and printing materials Typewriters and supplies Umbrellas and canes Vinegar and cider Wall paper Wall plaster 15 9 111 38 34 10 126 46 226 33 180 73 37 26 63 438 57 10 389 20 74 115 275 247 122 133 113 82 433 30 46 21 10 2,883 36 7 10 71 17 118 42 112 11 41 49 25 34 23 49 2,036 .59 23 27 134 4 7 12 PPESONS ENGAGED IN INDUSTRY. Total. 5,900 6,296 948 2,360 465 402 64 2,704 436 1,993 6,082 803 883 213 1,358 6,668 878 107 225 211 7,672 533 6,878 1,509 9,292 4,795 1,454 24,712 933 1,094 304 9,305 4,271 6,450 1,108 1, 517 1,772 547 74,118 1,161 152 80 4,328 452 8,887 1,852 4,883 331 2,191 788 839 1,036 1,342 514 26,664 1,284 260 905 2,322 57 811 912 Pro- prie- tors and firm mem- bers. Sala- ried offi- cers, super- intend- ents, and man- agers. 127 Clerks. 3 126 46 39 13 160 45 324 32 203 86 11 18 5 55 553 66 2 1 485 18 20 122 255 255 130 1,181 46 110 55 291 25 25 30 2 2,352 31 23 116 43 127 16 34 46 14 26 2,199 61 17 19 170 2 2 5 183 33 53 3 17 61 168 25 13 14 172 22 281 218 58 477 27 37 264 261 129 440 40 3,183 41 6 10 73 20 160 64 104 74 43 28 56 46 32 417 44 21 48 51 6 10 28 Male. 580 23 74 13 7 7 149 35 190 120 303 57 45 253 40 137 556 37 1 11 15 536 31 770 118 616 231 111 1,739 65 66 363 461 973 197 193 92 21 13,492 121 16 485 245 589 63 342 86 62 139 115 64 1,221 55 24 155 145 10 119 64 Fe- male. 126 96 5 55 7 31 101 33 5 34 352 14 1 4 4 178 39 82 29 42 754 18 27 141 674 112 36 40 4 6,769 174 59 119 9 206 72 8 25 31 308 29 23 Wage earners (average number). Total. 4,857 4,326 884 2,052 396 348 42 2,291 316 3,210 1,770 5,381 702 685 508 146 1,081 5,039 736 195 177 6,301 453 6,793 1,180 8,150 4,062 1,113 20,561 782 '854 235 8,427 2,802 3,486 3,172 730 1,187 1,682 680 48,322 940 113 56 4,022 379 7,962 1,441 3,924 234 1,635 542 727 790 1,123 338 22, 521 1,095 189 660 1,897 40 666 804 16 and over. 4,662 4,326 827 1,835 161 186 42 994 271 2,541 1,003 1,666 260 685 72 965 4,273 441 195 176 5,149 384 5,792 1,094 8,125 4,054 923 4,412 763 717 8,216 2,662 1,395 1,446 642 1,1.58 1,367 501 37,536 676 111 56 4,014 370 3,008 1,335 3,919 234 1,262 303 662 790 1,121 188 10,334 5^5 166 563 1,038 40 576 786 Fe- male. 1 15 190 230 1,288 36 663 752 3,646 436 10 74 108 659 292 Un- der 16. 190 15,866 19 132 101 2,011 1,700 79 21 202 75 10,453 254 2 4 7 4,744 101 5 273 226 . 63 146 12,119 496 24 97 863 18 WAGE EARNERS— NHMBEK DEC. 15, OR NEAREST REPRESENTATIVE DAT. Total. 107 4 333 10 4 2 200 5 6,411 4,411 993 2,240 ■ 433 351 43 2,519 341 3,389 1,952 5; 907 759 6.39 612 146 1,123 5,538 811 178 6,562 502 5,914 1,341 8,684 4,430 1,114 21,629 . 844 903 260 8,979 2,871 3,647 3,379 755 1,231 1,678 650 51,008 998 125 66 3,906 404 8,064 1,574 4,006 238 1,571 539 868 811 1,071 326 24,833 1,206 196 670 2,029 44 806 823 16 and over. Male. 4,410 929 2,003 176 188 43 1,093 292 2,683 1,106 1,829 281 639 602 72 1,003 4,696 486 92 220 177 6,362 425 5,913 1,243 8,657 4,421 924 4,641 823 758 8,764 2,625 1,460 1,540 664 1,201 1,364 561 39,623 718 123 65 3,898 395 3,050 1,458 4,001 238 1,292 301 781 811 1,069 181 11,395 633 171 572 1,110 44 697 805 Fe- male. 308 1 17 207 2.52 158 1,417 39 700 829 4,002 470 74 112 724 322 1,144 77 1 190 16,689 21 140 21 108 237 2,104 1,811 82 22 201 84 11,034 Under 16. Male. 4 7 4,811 110 5 279 225 74 139 13,363 546 25 912 6 106 2 66 116 8 9 9 7 8 4 1 244 2 Fe- male. 106 18 20 244 .... Pri- mary horse- power. 4 107 2,899 23,177 450 529 17 41 97 2 104 399 781 1,651 338 14,794 2,199 58 1,416 1,446 93 345 285 1,127 946 985 31,378 543 19,240 10,711 819 3,372 835 526 128 6,033 8,925 3,311 2,928 192 275 701 705 37,835 2,916 401 38 9,756 476 4,589 1,144 8,715 285 3,144 245 1,210 1,180 2,596 172 2,115 297 217 407 495 75 566 3,730 STATISTICS OF MANUFACTURES. TOTALS FOR ALL INDUSTRIES IN CITIES OP 10,000 BUT LESS THAN 50,000 INHABITANTS: 1909-Continued. 777 CITIKS OF 50,000 IIVHABITANTS OR MORI!, BY UVDITSTRIES-Continaed. NKW YORK C I T Y— Continued. 67 90 91 »2 93 94 95 9« 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 10« 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 Capital. 88,383,303 203,758,425 1,266,985 1,908,163 316, 174 284,982 640,369 3,249,618 364,048 2,687,949 2,946,677 8,002,571 1,225,116 4,453,500 2,997,809 602,022 2,419,823 12,253,118 761,047 134, 783 196,871 945,381 7,911,976 1,177,186 87,005,927 1,609,048 17,227,234 10,055,303 2,045,918 19,412,860 1,329,347 1,254,242 353,640 23,086,302 20,267,253 6,524,771 12,865,568 1,853,306 806,616 2,148,310 1,689,459 123,145,561 2,861,045 213,037 127,676 10,166,324 462,620 13,146,961 3,794,226 25,185,485 2,694,037 8,912,089 1,167,698 2,707,349 1,053,964 3,185,104 681,968 34,003,410 1,076,191 511, 131 2,250,815 2,218,949 133,440 2,019,876 3,833,326 " EXPENSES. Total. t9, 849, 276 23,418,627 969,003 3,047,752 588,651 765,716 2,480,044 6,370,772 493,751 6,503,824 4,413,510 11,717,874 2, 195, 776 2,188,071 3,299,514 586,688 1,830,809 16,181,661 1, 103, 390 225, 758 404,227 1,871,934 16,072,273 1,723,051 43,303,435 2,663,108 22,089,249 10,737,038 3,943.6.81 43,967,130 2,396,023 1,620,691 386,635 23,158,677 23,866,096 8,001,299 19,466,210 2,817,336 2,268,987 2,636,954 837,222 160,672,504 3,348,415 307, 164 111,982 7,093,423 697,457 15,164,314 3,718,267 92,197,315 8,130,714 12,164,974 1,557,063 1,943,664 1,842,766 2,985,000 928,287 63,344,086 1,454,443 656,646 1,717,767 5,693,550 129, 933 2,176,689 2,728,331 Services. Officials. $636,364 694,242 70, 162 145, 691 3,098 3,240 5,000 36,228 51,312 115,200 92,286 2.35,077 33, 733 153,433 301,323 60,700 125,443 449,042 42,613 12,600 31,883 39,460 399,361 49,663 2,027,665 124,439 601,468 494,340 90,364 937,746 53,126 87,883 12,422 899,536 797,037 406,391 1,427,961 100,394 198,386 45,068 91,242 9,839,058 168,743 12,860 19,264 241,131 45,860 417,426 181,714 375,021 23,200 172,519 88,412 119,812 143, 195 143,384 76,909 1,002,689 62,662 64,516 124,278 103,757 6,200 43,200 133,521 Clerks. »617,449 1,625,698 25,125 104,654 21,671 7,148 7,576 193,634 31,970 262,991 129,644 417,884 79,625 46,885 272,463 146,851 642,050 32.769 i;416 20, 815 32, 218 626, 157 38,869 1,317,559 131,870 550, 593 243,426 101,213 2,240,181 74,600 80,993 16,896 534,665 1,336,737 487,662 1,446,279 274,037 158,575 126,275 24,878' 19,034,632 179, 793 12, 795 4,120 214,675 22,504 636,159 215, 985 837,002 86, 122 390,596 132,430 45,768 166,465 136,409 62,125 1,604,246 68,857 30, 160 123,326 144,691 7,971 146,492 94,117 Wage earners. $2,914,567 3,115,400 486,696 1,351,715 194,664 200,988 34,271 1,050,412 191, 196 1,939,839 1,083,855 2,362,768 341,274 546,897 368,248 61,841 677, 775 3,617,362 395,465 46,855 136, .356 114,369 3,440,040 234,573 4,936,686 711,208 5,214,389 3,781,529 668, 192 9,419,463 501,880 563,047 132,193 5,772,761 1,732,972 1,428,046 1,555,720 426,874 1,194,608 727,255 350,479 35,097,064 500, 136 63,547 33,564 2,731,972 205,949 3,664,709 978, 100 3,170,882 161,176 839,799 276, 934 351,776 771,243 745,558 208,400 10,306,518 414, 979 131,408 384,681 898, 774 19,992 359,397 429,051 Fuel and rent of power. $131,276 8,807,500 80,276 41,332 4,024 2,807 7,845 17,267 5,606 34, 871 33,755 69,871 10,963 619,456 45,401 3,488 30,839 106,658 8,168 12, 166 10,934 11,696 74,698 20,944 1,083,1.39 18,8 11% Capital. EXPENSES. Value of products. Total. Services. Materials. Miscellaneous. Value added by Omeials. Clerks. Wage earners. Fuel and rent of power. Other. Rent of factory. Taxes, including internal revenue. Contract work. Other. facture. 1 2 $51,815,808 143,675 213,082 129,169 502,661 42,607 60,784,724 $37,402,739 352,589 307,530 100,844 496, 690 85,629 36,069,657 $1,305,319 $1,780,783 6,044 6,605 2,466 50,331 800 1,714,637 $10,001,933 69,088 62,203 27,636 144,578 26,103 9,682,324 $966,909 8,475 2,110 2,032 10,174 680 933,438 $30,995,411 264,314 215,958 65,118 162,673 40,552 20,266,796 $41,498 6,025 2,040 1,250 11,376 2,136 22,671 $181,037 1,252 1,305 846 825 9,357 167,463 $9,875 $2,126,976 8,391 15,609 3,947 88,704 5,901 2,004,423 $38,164,699 403,404 315,950 119,677 650,406 100,821 36,674,441 $16,212,379 140,615 3 11,800 7,560 26,454 97,882 4 62,627 6 6 1,475 377,569 59,689 7 1,259,615 8,400 16,474,207 Blimps and stencils and brands, 1; hosiery and knit goods, 1; liquors, malt, 1; locomotives, not made by railroad companies, 1; mattresses and spilng beds, 1; mineral and soda waters, 8; paint and vamish, 2; patent medicmes and compounds and druggists' preparations, 4; pottery, terra-cotta, and fire-clay products, 1; slaughtering and meat packing, 4; shoddy, 1; soap, 1; sporting and athletic goods, 1; vinegar and cider, 1; wall plaster, 1. SYRACUSE. $61,726,850 121,812 622,168 957,805 926,197 663,598 2,009,777 162,216 208,711 67,011 925, 133 25,432 594,099 5,874,103 699,238 44,173 949,976 19, 175 3,940,300 686,634 31,406 573,367 1,869,570 374,624 654,514 29,025,812 $41,304,017 147,992 661, 621 1,486,120 939,911 601,421 3,002,673 381,920 440,277 74,286 1,030,187 37,411 845,262 4,778,654 580, 668 67,396 799, 625 19,702 1,978,738 910,688 34,525 733,262 1,566,469 89,388 824, 672 19,315,271 $1,523,033 4,320 86, 120 21,096 36,070 39,265 7,710 11,266 36,290 2,080 26,328 253, 581 30, 513 2,000 22,367 83, 120 21,840 3,900 31, 615 57,486 7,540 16,610 723,937 $1,790,225 1,996 6,332 41, 666 21,862 17,566 170,704 6,974 15, 118 19,710 1,575 49,923 172,985 10,384 780 10, 593 49,891 14,590 565 91, 462 193,805 300 14,896 876,568 $10,421,716 48,661 130,823 240,263 103,968 169,820 693,609 110,388 63,118 20,619 202,595 22,865 70,028 1,518,229 196,877 13,750 130, 694 7,067 262,808 183, 413 19,773 63,755 444,400 41,830 247,231 6,426,332 $858, 665 2,310 17,827 27, 761 11,684 6,664 11,683 3,691 8,273 476 799 8,332 167,683 8,642 464 8,543 203 60,362 12,532 1,027 4,668 26,804 3,816 3,246 462,678 $20,917,031 84,613 369,294 1,044,519 675,817 261,600 1,705,865 218, 416 320,234 50,841 672,452 6,798 606,817 2,108,631 277, 143 37,057 577,914 9,935 619,284 636, 474 6,564 234,558 684,063 9,297 400, 120 1,398,825 $280,370 1,440 8,836 27,392 780 2,826 31,613 6,670 9,184 340 744 2,353 1,818 36, 448 4,105 720 125 1,614 6,842 1,417 11,865 34,377 9,316 79,756 $703,457 1,319 664 4,676 3,180 2,657 1,414 429 831 238 3,729 2,985 28,421 2,606 139 4,684 40 411,693 3,851 32 1,553 8,530 6, 662 83,675 129,688 $349,189 244,439 2,086 84 16,546 300 27,000 1,786 11,468 41,283 1,000 3,198 $4,460,431 3,433 41, 725 78,769 87,550 40,288 164,091 26,666 18,263 1,771 87,039 879 78,947 ■ 476,330 50,388 2,195 17,805 843 501,580 29,361 1,247 282,448 176, 711 19,043 49,679 2,225,390 $49,434,615 163,525 683,231 1,831,698 1,092,386 592,763 3,460,803 416,447 498,366 96,434 1,091,367 46,933 1,104,798 5,691,526 662,236 66,677 968,713 40,618 2,459,703 1,003,304 44,873 849,879 2,032,013 88,547 941,302 23,507,574 $27,659,019 76,602 296,110 769,428 404,884 324,499 1,743,265 194,340 169,869 44,117 410,287 39,336 489,649 3,416,412 376,461 29,166 382,266 30,380 1,780,057 354,298 37,282 610,763 1,421,146 75,434 537,937 13,656,071 bolts nuts washers, and rivets, not made in steel works or rolling mills, 1; iron and steel forgings, 2; lead, bar, pipe, and sheet, 1; leather goods, 6; looking-glass and pic- ture frames 1; malt, 1; marble and stone work, 10; mattresses and spring beds, 3; millinery and lace goods, 1; m ineral and soda waters, 5; mirrors, 1; mucilage and paste. TROY. $39,309,202 241,324 325,778 143,082 654,667 79,320 6,064,199 37,619 121,196 2,889,460 11,948,268 120, 687 3,796,606 87,247 258,438 1,005,763 285,865 11,249,694 $32, 090, 155 389,194 647,912 65,375 749, 676 53,286 6,061,166 69,977 98,734 1,613,004 11,364,127 91, 408 1,904,922 73,542 229, 603 764,941 602,994 7,370,396 $1, 129, 098 15,785 9,784 3,400 32, 166 2,644 120,397 2,340 6,680 110,997 300,668 3,049 120,327 785 15,196 63,726 5j262 317,022 $1, 066, 655 2,242 15,400 416 36,948 173,444 4,472 2,700 68,874 405,572 3, 666 67, 184 1,580 16,466 104,984 18,967 163,741 $9,406,734 164,943 115,787 40,727 273,623 26,464 1,431,804 9,665 34, 136 596, 625 4,049,046 18,220 242,729 36,674 52,236 203,559 165,517 1,956,289 $641, 741 4,080 14,169 9,937 10,039 1,492 60,395 1,341 1,029 41,568 80,726 691 49, 599 3,671 18,289 11,880 1,073 341,772 $14, 984, 633 176,090 464,794 2,623 334,480 20,294 3,286,161 36, 195 49,047 668,436 4,699,541 67,866 599,727 26,928 83,642 236, 603 244, 112 4,000,405 $175,116 7,928 8,173 4,268 29,961 2,386 1,473 12,691 34,737 1,270 766 18,384 7,238 46,962 $560,722 444 3,369 1,287 2,331 965 8,696 113 930 9,867 32, 126 726 397,923 478 2,203 1,637 36,279 62,380 $1,166,673 653,339 1,012 590, 669 17,470 1,544 $2,968,983 28,682 16,446 7,085 53,981 1,647 396,978 4,466 3,739 112, 656 1,171,063 6,031 487,433 3,761 t 41, 572 106,798 26, 656 491,291 $37, 979, 986 434,429 724,333 90,162 969,266 63,435 6,976,241 67,354 127,681 1,962,971 13,638,746 111,774 2,405,847 88,422 241,455 969,212 679,298 8,549,461 $22,353,612 255,259 245,370 77,702 614,747 41,649 3,639,685 30,818 77,606 1,242,978 8,8.58,478 53,227 1,766,521 57,823 139,624 720,829 334, 113 4,207,284 mills 2" iron and steel forgings, 1; looking-glass and picture frames, 1; lumber and timber products, 2; mats and matting, 1; mattresses and spring beds, 3; millinery Si rt lace eoods 2- mineral and soda waters, 7; models and nattems, not including paper patterns, 3; mucilage and paste, 1; oil, not elsewhere specified, 1; oilcloth and Hnoleum 1- optical goods, 1; paint and vamish, 3; paper and wood pulp, 3; patent medicines and compoimds and druggists' preparations, 8; photo-engraving, 2; scales anrt balances 2' slaughtering and meat packing, 4; springs, steel, car and carriage, 1; stereotyping and electrotyping, 1; stoves and furnaces, including gas and oil stoves, 3- umbrellas 'and canes 1; vault lights and ventilators, 1; wireworfc, including wire rope and cable, 3; wood, turned and carved, 1. 782 SUPPLEMENT FOR NEW YORK. Table III.— DETAIL STATEMENT FOR CITIES OP 50,000 INHABITANTS OR MORE, BY INDUSTRIES, AND CITIES OF 50,000 INHABITANTS OR MbRE, BY INDUSTKIES— Continued. • UTICA. IfTDUSIKY AND CITY. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments PERSONS ENGAGED IN DJDUSTEY. WAGE EAENEES— NUMBEB DEC. 15, OE NEAKEST EEPEESENTATIVE DAY. Total. Pro- prie- tors and firm mem- bers. Sala- ried offi- cers, super- intend- ents, and man- agers. Clerks. Wage earners (average number). Total. 16 and over. Under 16. Pri- mary Male. Fe- male. Total. 16 and over. Un- der 16. Male. Fe- male. Male. Fe- male. power. Male. Fe- male. 1 All IndnRtTiflR . , 317 46 7 24 21 3 15 5 9 27 3 43 114 14,634 225 69 1,634 1,030 101 4,694 232 66 485 23 229 5,856 276 49 10 32 13 4 '"■'ii' 26 3 50 78 354 4 1 31 34 6 40 15 2 34 1 2 184 636 18 "'iu' 29 3 62 45 1 105 2 15 221 216 19 1 34 22 3 35 "'i' 25 3 1 71 13,163 135 47 1,392 932 89 4,563 172 51 295 14 161 6,302 7,716 115 47 761 929 79 1,456 172 60 266 14 137 3,690 6,200 18 237 2 13, 851 149 46 1,529 947 89 4,749 164 42 292 16 176 5,654 8,117 127 46 837 944 79 1,517 164 41 263 15 149 3,935 5,488 20 96 2 150 21,874 68 V 3 Carriages and wagons and materials 70 4 607 2 10 2,961 24 1 146 666 2 10 3,080 13 1 13 6 6 Foundry and maoMne-sliop products Gas and electric fixtures and lamps and reflectors. Hosiery and knit goods 1,231 105 7 35 117 3,625 794 S Liquors, malt q 1 22 7 1 22 250 in 7 533 11 65 I' Tobacco manufactures 20 1,559 4 53 22 l,G6o 4 34 "26' 64 1? 14, 614 1 All other industries embrace: Agricultural implements, 1; artificial stone, 2; automobiles, including bodies and parts, 4; awnings, tents, and sails, 2; baking powders and yeast, 1; belting and bose, leather, 1; boots and shoes, including Aut stock and findings, 2; boxes, cigar, 2; boxes, fancy and paper, 3; brass and bronze products, 5; brick and tile, 1; brushes, 1; carpets, rag, 1; cars and general shop cOTstruction and repairs by steam-railroad compsmies, 2; cloth, sponging and refinishing, 1; clothing, women's, 1; coffins, burial cases, and. undertakers' goods, 1; confectionery, 5; cooperage and wooden goods, not elsewhere specified, 1; copper, tin, and sheet-iron products, 1; cordage and twine and jute and linen goods, 1; cordials and sirups, 1; cotton goods, including cotton small wares, 3; cutlery and tools, not elsewhere specified, 2; dairy- men's, poulterers', and apiarists' supplies, 2; dyeing and finishing textiles, 2; electrical machinery, apparatus, and suppUes, 3; electroplating^ 1; emery and other abrasive wheels, 1; engraving and diesinking, 1; fancy articles, not elsewhere specified, 1; fire extinguishers, chemical, 1; flags, banners, regalia, society badges, and emblems, 2; V0 1VK£RS. 1 158 28 13 10 7 4 18 17 61 13,746 178 52 1,559 44 137 160 32 11,584 150 29 17 9 7 4 14 19 61 174 2 ""'it' 3 13 6 569 1 1 149 1 31 31 142 21 '"ss 8 6 12,711 126 34 1,346 33 81 103 13 10,976 8,304 125 34 1,257 33 36 92 12 6,715 4,364 43 13,618 129 38 1,688 37 84 104 17 11,421 8,914 129 38 1,677 37 37 93 16 6,987 4,659 19 26 16,978 13 ■> Bread and other bakery products 3 Copper, tin, and sheet-iron products Foundry and machine-shop products 3 4 89 HI 1,962 >i 6 Patent medicines and compounds and druggists' preparations. Printmg and publishing 46 8 1 4,221 3 "'46' 47 8 1 4,392 66 7 S 2 1 91 q All other industries ^ 133 355 69 17 25 14,803 1 All other industries embrace: Artificial stone, 1; awnings, tents, and sails, 2; blacking and cleansing and polishing preparations, 1; brass and bronze products, 1; brooms, 1; canning and preserving, 2; carpets and rugs, other than rag, 1; carriages and wagons and materials, 5; clothing, men's, including shirts, 1; confectionery, 1; cooperage and wooden goods, not elsewhere specified, 1; electrical machmery, apparatus, and supplies, 2; electroplating, 1; fancy articles, not elsewhere specified, 1; ferti- lizers, 1; food preparations, 3; furnishing goods, men's, 2; gas, illuminating and heating, 1; glass, cutting, staining, and ornamenting, 1; hats, fur-felt, 1; house-furnishing, CITIES OF 10,000 TO 50,000 INHABITANTS— Alil/ INDUSTRIES COMBINED. Amsteedam AUBHEN B ATA VIA BiNGHAMTON Cohoes COENINO COETLAND DUNKIEK Elmiea Fulton Geneva Glens Falls Gloveesville HOENELL Hudson Ithaca Jamestown Johnstown Kingston Little Falls Lockpoet Middletov™ Mount Veenon. .• New Rochelle Newbuegh NiAGAEA Falls NOETH TONA WANDA Ogdensbueg Olean ossining Oswego Peekskill Plattsbueg Poet Chestee • Poughkeepsie Rensselaee Rome Saeatoga Speings Wateetown Watekvliet White Plains 97 10, 776 103 140 187 62 10,284 6,653 4,687 144 10,623 ,5,680 4,689 63 91 140 7,484 130 313 387 157 6,497 4,899 1,520 78 7,304 5,609 1,711 34 60 69 2,346 51 67 169 62 2,007 1,710 283 14 2,181 1,858 308 15 266 7,997 239 260 411 264 6,823 3,923 2,859 41 7,291 4,192 3,058 12 29 103 8,596 84 143 126 34 8,209 3,883 4,121 . 206 8,729 4,127 4,385 159 58 46 2,289 48 48 71 48 2,074 1,821 249 4 2,217 1,947 265 5 61 2,622 46 78 98 44 2,366 2,070 286 1 2,470 2,170 299 1 57 3,301 43 105 321 76 2,756 2,547 183 26 2,762 2,553 183 13 13 154 4,426 136 191 336 115 3,647 2,790 836 22 3,805 2,912 869 17 7 45 3,014 34 76 62 44 2,799 1,839 932 28 2,950 1,937 984 15 14 56 1,824 42 76 116 64 1,526 1,193 319 14 1,768 1,383 369 1 18 68 3,048 69 74 66 65 2,774 1,326 1,446 3 3,146 1,604 1,637 2 2 187 6,604 221 138 338 166 6,741 3,671 2,096 75 6,236 3,876 2,276 48 35 45 2,459 40 75 130 31 2,183 1,694 482 7 2,326 1,806 613 7 46 1,451 37 30 62 20 1,.302 806 470 26 1,349 835 487 14 13 81 1,106 72 40 77 43 873 772 98 3 886 784 99 1 2 156 7,763 142 217 465 140 6,789 5,513 1,181 95 7,747 6,286 1,351 eii 47 138 3,009 198 91 66 66 2,689 1,719 821 49 2,772 1,840 878 33 21 99 3,845 93 121 237 113 3,281 1,896 1,270 116 3,687 2,1,32 1,427 m 66 55 4,408 58 48 76 16 4,211 2,493 1,693 26 4,406 2,607 1,771 10 18 109 2,574 90 130 148 68 2,138 1,740 394 4 2,302 1,874 423 6 59 1,970 62 65 94 26 1,733 1,269 469 6 1,806 1,321 479 3 2 90 1,492 76 60 94 65 1,207 985 218 4 1,374 1,121 249 3 1 42 882 39 34 34 40 735 626 96 15 807 687 104 9 7 104 4,966 96 128 281 117 4,344 2,846 1,482 17 4,425 2,898 1,510 10 7 156 7,214 117 227 672 209 6,089 5,212 853 24 6,736 6,768 942 9 17 81 3,146 66 101 128 37 2,824 2,423 373 28 3,161 2,706 416 22 8 76 1,463 61 62 69 22 1,259 811 406 43 1,440 928 463 14 36 64 2,671 42 109 203 68 2,269 2,092 135 32 2,380 2,202 144 16 18 34 477 24 23 68 16 3,66 262 92 2 403 297 104 2 81 4,247 68 113 207 6^ 3,817 2,649 1,141 27 4,316 2,993 1,291 8 24 62 2,384 46 70 180 33 2,066 1,691 456 8 2,219 1,818 493 8 41 34 1,243 2, .334 33 30 48 32 64 106 49 44 1,049 2,122 713 1,483 336 611 "'"28' 1,079 2,237 734 1,664 346 643 20 10 111 4,037 102 139 393 104 3,299 2,184 1,092 23 3,503 2,319 1,158 14 12 33 842 28 21 21 9 763 481 278 4 852 638 310 4 119 3,995 112 87 114 49 3,633 3,113 487 33 4,056 3,475 542 14 24 39 1,065 30 44 109 49 833 490 322 21 956 562 370 20 4 107 3,834 87 149 241 06 3,291 2,834 421 36 3,884 3,344 498 38 4 36 880 33 33 44 17 763 455 272 26 856 517 309 30 33 333 28 17 26 14 249 246 3 280 277 3 11,743 15,466 3,204 7,742 14,291 1,486 6,661 5,194 6,672 17,963 2,705 6,772 6,163 3,349 1,515 3,045 11,679 3,410 4,648 7,742 14,335 2,548 1,690 620 4,902 95,792 16,888 3,404 5,202 986 9,753 3,133 5,739 3,175 3,326 1,263 8,844 1,718 13,543 904 404 STATISTICS OF MANUFACTURES. TOTALS FOR ALL INDUSTRIES IN CITIES OF 10,000 BUT LESS THAN 50,000 INHABITANTS: 1909— Continued. CITIES OF 50,000 INHABITAN'BU OR jnORX!, BY INBUSTKIBS— Continued. UTIC A. 783 Capital. EXPENSES. Value of products. Total. Services. Materials. Miscellaneous. Value added by Officials. Clerks. Wage earners. Fuel and rent of power. Other. Rent of factory. Taxes, including internal revenue. Contract work. Other. faoture. 1 2 $27,796,752' 336,362 75,953 2,019,470 2,231,958 251,865 6,907,564 1,766,067 153,974 831,979 111,728 301,905 13,806,937 $27,331,991 474,911 54,644 2,883,865 2,033,075 178,948 7,187,921 1,207,696 144, 136 711,327 157, 228 383,026 11,916,224 $768,083 2,192 988 69,614 73,324 12,365 121,825 45,200 2,300 70,188 1,040 3,600 365, 437 $781,732 19,663 416 187,690 40,721 2,048 112,741 45,443 1,124 96,468 2,017 17,889 255,622 ■55, 963, 507 78,726 28,525 650,610 495,560 45,960 1,751,318 127,236 39,832 186,724 10, 608 85,810 2,463,709 $500, 949 10,778 1,613 13,681 66,815 4,067 86,417 23,504 2,760 9,638 1,238 2,189 • 278,359 $16,144,975 333,746 19, 490 1,597,109 1,230,919 94,227 ■ 4,518,696 327,916 87,946 212,638 139,720 166,600 7,415,970 $104,112 10,844 1,192 29,192 6,558 1,198 13,885 $474,508 1,536 293 8,481 15,429 712 32,635 232,673 724 5,885 833 60,188 115,217 $321,292 $2, 272, 855 17,437 2,127 236,702 103,769 18,383 538,468 405,725 9,088 110,646 1,772 41,947 787,901 $31,199,261 640,753 67,100 3,078,593 2,192,118 183,908 8,063,844 1,393,056 166, 380 861,009 166, 769 453,367 14,042,374 $14,553,337 196,230 ?. 46,997 4 5 6 92,076 1,467,903 894,384 85,614 7 8 12,037 3,448,732 1,041,636 9 10 11 372 7,923 12,317 76,684 638,733 26,801 12 4,803 28,147 284,678 13 204,862 6,348,045 flavoring extracts, 1; flour-mill and gristmill products, 2; food preparations, 3; fur goods, 2; furnishing goods, men's, 1; furniture and refrigerators, 3; gas, illuminating and heating, 1; glass, cutting, staining, and ornamenting, 2; hats and caps, other than felt, straw, and wool, 2; jewelry, 1; lead, bar, pipe, and sheet, 1; leather goods, 2; lumber and timber products, 7; mattresses and spring beds, 2; millinery and lace goods, 1; mineral and soda waters, 4; models and patterns, not including paper patterns, 1; mucilage and paste, 1; musical instruments, pianos and organs and materials, 2; paint and varnish, 1; paper and wood pulp, 2; paper patterns, 1; patent medicines and compounds and druggists' preparations, 1; soap, 1; sporting and athletic goodSj 2; stoves and furnaces, mcluding gas and.oil stoves, 2; wall plaster, 2; washing machines and clothes wringers, 1; waste, 1; wirework, including wire rope and cable, 1; w^oolen, worsted, and felt goods, and wool hats, 1. Y O IV K B R S. $58, 768, 556 137,799 64,670 4,266,291 92,600 1,931,521 347,822 21,424 61,906,428 $54,491,098 469, 249 57,092 2,372,179 72,160 470,239 235,465 24,266 60,790,448 $581,607 2,800 71,501 3,040 60,305 12,360 431,601 1 $716,773 10,565 740 155,100 200 68,369 30,842 450,967 $6, 726, 118 88,743 26,312 924,963 33, 197 36, 393 74, 063 6,709 6,535,748 $656, 852 8,920 871 19,528 748 1,659 4,461 319 620,346 $42, 545, 067 317,983 24,002 1,037,925 32,023 188,563 63, 199 12, 128 40,869,244 $60, 723 10,337 2,326 2,761 60 8,300 7,292 1,788 27,869 $179, 625 995 110 18,419 667 861 2,062 155,572 $33, 489 300 $2,990,844 28,906 2,731 141,992 1,936 105,701 20,352 1,270 2,687,957 $59,333,865 598,470 74,616 2,836,522 89,571 832,601 280,415 32,827 54,589,043 $16, 131, 946 271,567 49,643 1,779,069 66,800 642,279 212,755 20,380 13,099,453 ■goods, not elsewhere specified, 1; ice, manufactured, 2; liquors, malt, 1; lumber and timber products, 3; mattresses and spring beds, 2; millinery and lace goods, 2; mineral and soda waters, 6; musical instruments, pianos and organs and materials, 1; photo-engraving, 1; rubber goods, not elsewhere specified, 2; shipbuilding, includ- ing boat building, 1; silk and silk goods, including throwsters, 1; slaughtering and meat packing, 1; sugar, refining, not including beet sugar, 2; surgical appliances and artificial limbs, 1; toys and games, 1; wirework, including wire rope and cable, 2; wood, turned and carved, 1. CITIES OF lO,O0O TO 50,000 INHABITANTS— AI<1, IIVDIJSTRIES COMBIIVED. 1 $18,161,900 *19,799,692 S315.168 $229,752 $4,823,295 $289,262 $12,905,698 $136,171 878,760 $987 $1,020,699 ■$22,449,057 $9,264,197 ?, 23,742,528 13,621,467 416,109 284,466 3,166,526 282,548 8,654,882 20,395 128, 909 21,080 656,553 16,961,022 7,023,592 3 5,697,082 3,852,970 108, 276 240,235 959, 869 42,097 1,738,933 6,639 24,265 265,326 467,331 4,400,774 2,619,744 4 14,214,219 15,024,831 460,999 600,516 3,083,673 176,816 8,548,803 123,999 446,319 23,280 1,560,426 17,114,214 8,388,695 5 13,116,581 12,731,902 313,234 126,562 3,387,460 312,347 7,863,773 36,124 128,862 4,848 560, 692 14,830,722 6,654,602 fi 3,215,502 2,605,426 111,609 79,090 1,037,606 146,711 717,206 14,065 11,734 642 386,774 3,050,410 2,186,493 7 6,469,838 5,456,536 162,457 121,946 1,301,878 202,604 3,371,197 7,017 12,827 2,386 274,225 6,394,624 2,820,823 8 7,079,306 5,763,209 252.781 296,706 1,414,079 167,648 3,040,476 7,282 58,348 7,135 618,866 6,575,664 3,367,640 q 10,829,586 7,147,722 302,532 432,757 1,882,411 116, 489 3,473,953 23,483 112,381 46,644 757,072 8,067,208 4,476,766 10 11,032,756 7,216,777 184,117 65,613 1,297,683 214,591 4,641,938 11,986 38,613 1,111 760,325 7,867,114 3,010,685 11 4,103,931 4,743,183 167,765 149, 157 792,400 62,470 2,928,501 6,947 19,849 180,374 445,720 6,153,925 2,162,954 n 6,226,320 4,248,316 159,037 129,573 1,222,721 234,924 2,074,161 11,687 35,823 11,079 369, 311 4,876,786 2,667,701 13 11,968,636 12,766,604 261,699 440,737 2,791,272 146,820 7,915,046 41,731 32,126 686,331 460,942 14, 170, 682 6,108,816 14 2,866,071 3,370,836 128,571 110,170 1,048,467 70,801 1,807,022 6,013 43,608 35,293 121,891 3,647,630 1,769,807 16 Ifi 2,773,847 2,978,316 3,048,766 1,612,668 68,209 58,716 576, 179 47,509 2,015,765 5,010 63,665 213,712 3,506,504 1,443,230 60,764 82,901 439,344 69,178 770,462 16,889 15,957 22,827 131,256 1,919,968 1,080,338 17 16,075,039 13,149,248 420,911 674,265 3,305,246 173,278 7,210,590 28,895 69,698 163,839 1,202,537 14,720,240 7,336,372 18 5,203,894 5,828,195 101,992 74,269 1,176,366 63,452 3,861,285 23,422 15,137 261,493 261,800 6,573,528 2,648,791 5,924,479 5,252,301 234,128 177,320 1,366,031 129,697 2,451,999 17,962 236,554 97,676 540,934 5,985,738 3,404,042 ''O 6,989,615 7,662,692 162,635 69,064 1,964,602 120,983 4,801,605 10,583 24,072 23,681 475,467 8,460,408 3,537,820 •>} 10,226,721 7,485,583 260,777 163,910 1,129,661 243,858 5,106,381 32,901 49,425 35,393 463, 277 8,168,450 2,818,211 3,695,052 3 201,654 4,222,073 2,618,139 88,114 92, 796 902, 113 71,107 2, 834, 358 21,939 48, 319 163,327 4,658,240 1,752,775 *>? 98,266 110,741 801,511 48, 374 1,237,183 26,899 8,496 10,225 276,444 •3,376,416 2,090,858 24 1,377,185 8,920,282 1,530,439 61,733 61,385 481,713 20,775 793,366 18,570 6,734 2,000 95,164 1,668,724 854,584 8,946,191 357,069 309,704 2,180,118 174,574 4,668,651 30,330 71,628 320,048 834,079 9,928,146 5,084,921 Of, 37,239,454 8 273 779 22,312,600 670,362 770,226 3,588,127 1,926,111 12,346,115 78,828 167,690 28,900 2,737,342 28,661,913 14,380,687 27 8,860,817 180, 472 1 119,790 1,582,268 906,551 5,482,657 21,076 40, 211 65,666 462,126 9,599,776 3,210,568 2^616,986 8 951,517 4,639,118 84,146 63,462 517,111 37,089 3,470,958 13,744 19,635 130,561 202, 512 4,947,976 1,439,929 29 9,897,955 159,992 197,830 1,338,570 267,169 7,470,347 2,892 74,955 497 395,703 10,005,443 2,277,927 2|062,912 1,021,763 75,016 49,610 243,100 29,488 436,722 17,143 11,968 1,801 157,015 1,328,926 862,715 9,578,433 225,267 227,760 1,813,289 188,141 5,914,857 24,046 82,731 12,360 1,089,982 10,412,888 4,309,890 32 3,828,040 2,694,406 5,417,086 7,476,852 169,338 171,098 1,240,902 140,700 2,801,339 103,560 2,465,305 8,427 385,183 7,888,183 4,946,144 2,720,467 84,164 74,162 612,983 67,300 1,688,039 6,523 15,136 4,664 277,596 3,137,523 1,392,184 34 6,043,083 105,618 130,883 1,039,607 82,023 4,471,553 5,460 7,376 1,560 199,013 6,243,061 1,689,475 35 10,280,731 2,146,116 6,978,427 343,887 502,928 1,658,732 128,644 3,738,213 27,885 48,034 18,219 511,886 9,150,964 5,284,107 2,016,312 120, 778 40,565 364,182 39,408 1,126,922 771 8,787 536 314,363 2,296,089 1,129,759 37 8, 902, 948 13,228,048 221,142 134,320 1,860,974 277,517 9,925,970 15,960 64,169 4,662 743,444 14,423,437 4,219,950 38 4,349,519 18,662,066 1,889,250 108,800 142, 008 464,078 45,591 837,355 7,036 13,676 2,934 267,772 2,336,579 1,453,633 6,932,124 350,615 241,878 1,798,009 171,144 3,649,761 44,619 69,580 3,407 613,111 8,527,416 4,706,511 10 1 422,697 1,468,330 64,998 61,894 301,924 19,562 796,805 9,890 4,983 5,200 203, 074 1,668,579 852,212 41 2,095,331 684,740 27.817 26,055 180,014 31,797 339, 921 11,921 9,303 5,870 62,042 815,789 444,071 Chapter 5. MINES AND QUARRIES. Introduction. — The present chapter contains a com- plete statement of the statistics of all mining indus- tries, which include all mines, quarries, and wells, in the state of New York for the year 1909, as shown by the Thirteenth Census. A brief explanation of the scope of the census of mining industries and of the terms used, in so far as the usage differs from that followed in the census of manufactures, is presented below in order to prevent any misinterpretation of the statistics. The explanations here given show the usage, of the mining census generally, though some of the special rules have obviously no relation to particular states in which the industries referred to do not exist. Scope of census. — The Thirteenth Census covered all classes of mines, quarries, and petroleum and gas wells that were in operation during any portion of the year 1909, both those which were produc- ing and those whose operations were confined to development work. Mines, quarries, or wells that were idle during the entire year 1909 were omitted from the canvass. The following operations were likewise omitted from the canvass: Prospecting; the digging or dredging of sand and gravel for the construction of roads and for building operations; the production of mineral waters; and the operation of small bituminous coal banks producing less than 1,000 tons annually. Where the mineral products are not marketed in their crude condition, but are dressed or washed at the mine or quarry, the stetistics of mining cover the entire work of obtaining the crude material and its preparation for the market. Period covered. — The returns cover the calendar year 1909, or the business year which corresponds most nearly to that calendar year. The statistics cover a year's operations, except for enterprises which began or discontinued business during the year. Number of operators. — As a rule, the unit of enumeration was the "operator." Every individual, firm, or corporation was required to furnish one report for all mines, quarries, or wells which were operated under the same management or for which one set of books of account was kept. Separate reports were obtained for all properties operated in different states, even where they were owned by the same operator. Likewise, where the operations of one individual, firm, or corporation covered more than one class of mines and quarries, such as coal, iron, limestone, etc., a separate report was received for each industry. Number of mines, quarries, and wells. — This figure represents the total number of mines and quarries in operation or in the course of development at any time during the calendar year 1909, or the business year that coiTesponds most nearly to that calendar year, and the number of completed petroleum and natural gas wells in operation on December 31, 1909. In most mining and quarrying industries the number of mines or quarries varies but little from the number of operators. Expenses of operation and development. — A certain amount of development work is incidental to the operation of every mine. The expenses reported for producing mines include the cost both of operation and of development work which was done in connection with operation. Wages. — The amount shown as wages includes only the com- pensation of regular wage earners hired by the day, week, or month, or under the piecework system. Supplies and materials. — This item includes the cost of lumber and timber used for repairs, mine supports, track ties, etc.; iron and steel for blacksmithing; rails, frogs, sleepers, etc., for tracks and repairs; renewals of tools and machinery and materials for repairs; and supplies, explosives, oil, etc., as well as the cost of fuel and the rent of power. The schedule called only for the cost of such supplies and materials as had been used diuing the year covered by the report. Accurate figures, however, could be furnished only in those cases where the operators kept an account of supplies and materials used, or had an inventory made of all in stock at the beginning and at the end of the year. Such a system of accounting is far from general among mine operators, and there is reason to believe that in many cases the reported cost of supplies and materials covered all purchased during the year rather than those used during the year. The crude product of some operators was purchased by others for further dressing or refining; the cost of such materials is shown separately in the general table. Capital. — The census schedule required every operator to state the total amount of capital invested in the enterprise on the last day of the business year reported, as shown by his books. There is, however, a great diversity in the methods of bookkeeping in use by different operators. As a result, the statistics for capital lack uni- formity. Some of the figures reported apparently represent capital stock at face value; others include large investments in mineral lands which are not at present being actively mined, but are held in reserve; still others may include expenditures for unproductive mining ventures in no way related to the operations carried on during the census year. Persons engaged in mining industries. — The statistics of the num- ber of operators and ofiicials, clerks, and wage earners, are based on the returns for December 15, or the nearest representative day. The reported number of wage earners includes overseers and fore- men performing work similar to that of the men over whom they have charge; those whose duties are wholly supervisory are classed as superintendents and managers. Because of the common practice of shutting down mines at frequent intervals, it is impossible to ascertain with any satisfactory degree of accuracy the average num- ber of employees — that is, the number who, if continuously em- ployed, would be required to produce the actual output of the year. Value of products. — Statistics of the value of mineral products were obtained by the Bureau of the Census in cooperation with the United States Geological Survey, but the two bureaus follow dif- ferent methods in presenting these statistics. The Geological Sur- vey shows separately the value of each mineral product, whereas the Bureau of the Census presents the value of products of each mining industry. The value of products given for a mining indus- try often includes the value of some products not covered by the in- dustry designation. The crude product of metalliferous mines may include varying combinations of metals, such as gold, silver, copper, lead, zinc, and iron. Similarly, the total value of all products of the granite quarries is not identical with the value of the total out- put of granite, but may include the value of some marble or other stone quarried in connection with the principal product. The value of products for 1909 in most cases represents the value of the products marketed during that year, not the value of those mined during that year. (78i) 786 SUPPLEMENT FOR NEW YORK. MINING IN NEW YORK. STimmary. — Statistics for all mining enterprises in the state of New York are presented in Table 7, which gives statistics for all industries combined and for producing enterprises separately, in all cases where the statistics could be given without disclosing the operations of an individual enterprise. Statistics for nonproducing enterprises are also given separately from producing enterprises. The gross value of the products of mining industries in New York in 1909 amounted to $13,334,975. De- ducting from this amount, $65,656, the value of natural gas produced by some operators and sold to others, who sold it agam, leaves $13,269,319 as the net value of the products. Of this amount stone quarries producing limestone, bluestone, traprock, sandstone, granite, marble, and slate, contributed $5,719,205, or 43.1 per cent. Iron-ore mining, the most important mining industry, reported products valued at $3,095,- 023. In the production of graphite, the expenses of operation and development exceeded the value of the products. This was due in part to unprofitable min- ing ventures and in part to expenditures for develop- ment work resulting in permanent improvements to the mining properties. The same conditions exist for the total of the six industries combined under the heading of "All other, " in Table 7. Character of organization. — Table 1 classifies the producing mining operations of the state under form of organization, distinguishing corporations from in- dividual owners and firms, while Table 2 gives further details for incorporated enterprises distinguished from those which are unincorporated. Out of a total of 1,351 operators of producing enterprises in all indus- tries, 174, or 12.9 per cent, were corporations. These corporations reported 69.1 per cent of the total value of products and employed 70.3 per cent of all wage earners. In the iron-ore industry all enterprises, ex- cept one, were conducted by corporations. Table 1 PEODUCINQ ENTEEPEISES: 1909 INDUSTHT AND CHARACTER OF Num- ber of oper- ators. Num- ber of wage earners. Value of products. Per cent distribution. OEGANTZATION. Total. Per oper- ator. Oper- ators. Wage earn- ers. Value ol prod- ucts. AU Industries.... Individual 1,351 687 578 174 12 11,303 1,960 1,379 7,944 20 $13,334,976 1,714,117 2,381,883 9,210,581 28,394 $9, 870 2,920 4,121 62,934 2,366 100.0 43.4 42.8 12.9 0.9 100.0 17.3 12.2 70.3 0.2 100.0 12 9 Firm 17 9 Corporation . . 69 1 other Fetroleom and natural gas — Individual 708 227 423 49 9 127 73 14 40 374 74 140 151 9 3,104 616 350 2,138 2,668,996 534,507 1,190,238 921,470 22,781 2,666,142 391,067 309,367 1,955,718 3,770 2,365 2,814 18,806 2,531 20,915 5,3.57 22,098 48,893 100.0 32.1 59.7 6.9 1.3 100.0 57.5 11.0 31.5 100.0 19.8 37.4 40.4 2.4 100.0 19.8 11.3 68.9 100.0 20 Firm 44 6 34.6 other 0.9 Limestone Individual 100.0 14.7 Firm 11.6 73.6 Table 2, Number of operators Number of mines and quarries . Number of wells Proprietors and firm members, total Number performing manual labor Salaried employees: Officers of corporations Superintendents and managers Clerks and other salaried employees Wage earners, Dec. 15, 1909, or nearest representative day Capital Expenses of operation and development Salaries- Officers of corporations Superintendents and managers Clerks and other salaried employees . Royalties and rent of mines Taxes Supplies and miscellaneous expenses . . . Cost of natural gas purchased and resold . Value of products Incorporated. 174 161 114 163 242 7,944 $30,994,957 7,344,419 213,396 227,230 193, 552 3,446,176 276,617 130,784 2,791,170 65, 494 9, 210, 581 Unincor- porated. 1,177 591 9,646 2,294 663 70 44 3,359 314,176,275 2,643,349 55,150 18,537 1,271,419 188,837 43,205 1,066,039 162 4.124,394 Size'of enterprises. — In Table 3 the producing mining enterprises are classified according to the number of wage earners employed per enterprise or operating unit. Only 28 enterprises, or 2.1 per cent of the total number, employed over 100 wage earners each. These enterprises, however, employed more than one-haK of all wage earners. In the production of petroleum and natural gas the average number of wage earn- ers per enterprise was less than 1. This was due to the fact that 90 enterprises were operated without any wage earners at all and 464 were operated by contract work or by wage earners who gave only a part of their time to the enterprise. PKODUCING ENTEEPELSES: 1909 Enterprises. Wage earners. ENTEEPEISE. Num- ber. Per cent distri- bution. Number. Per cent distri- bution. AU Industries 1,361 189 471 451 131 66 16 28 100.0 14.0 34.9 33.4 9.7 4.8 1.2 2.1 11,303 100. No wage earners Contract work and part-time employees 1 to5 941 1.346 2,088 1,171 5,757 8 3 6 to 20 11.9 21 to 50 18.5 51 to 100 10 4 Over 100 60.9 14 5 9 708 90 464 141 13 127 5 3 63 34 20 12 100.0 35.7 64.3 100.0 12.7 66.5 19.9 1.8 100.0 3.9 2.4 41.7 26.8 15.7 9.4 2,642 144 2,398 374 100.0 6 to 60 5 7 94.3 100.0 No wage earners Contract work and part-time employees . . . 1 to 6 226 148 3,104 60.4 Over 5 39 6 100.0 Contract work 1 to5 157 346 620 1,981 5.1 6 to 20 11.1 21 to 50 20 Over 60 Persons employed in mining. — Of the 14,230 persons employed in producing mines December 15, 1909, or the nearest representative day, 1 1 ,303 were wage earn- ers, 633 were salaried employees, and 2,294 were pro- STATISTICS OF MINES AND QUARRIES. 787 prietors and firm members. Of the proprietors and firm members 663 performed manual labor in or about the mines. The relatively small number of wage earners in the mining industry working underground, 18 per cent, is explained by the large number employed in stone quarries. Prevailing hours of labor.— In Table 4 all producing enterprises, except those employing no wage earners and those operated exclusively by contract work and part- time employees, have been classified according to the prevailing hours of labor per day in each enterprise or operating unit. Petroleum and natural gas wells are not included in this table, bpcause the lack of regularity in the number of hours worked per day in a large number of enterprises rendered such classification impracticable . The table shows the percentage of the total number of enterprises falling in each group, and also a per cent distribution in which each enterprise has been given a weight according to the total number of wage earners employed December 15, 1909, or the nearest represent- ative day. It should be borne in mind that this latter distribution does not show the exact proportion of the total number of wage earners working the specified number of hours per day, since, in some cases, a part of the employees worked a greater or less number of hours than those generally prevailing in the enterprise. In 85.1 per cent of all enterprises weighted according to the number of wage earners, a day of 10 hours pre- vailed. Table 4 PRODUCING ENTEKPKISES: 1909 Enterprises. Per cent distribu- INDUSTRY AND HOURS PER DAY. Number. Per cent distribu- tion. tion of enterprises weighted according to number of wage earners. All industries 1637 34 55 446 1 1 100.0 6.3 10.2 83.1 0.2 0.2 100.0 6.7 7.9 86.1 0.3 0.1 14 14 120 22 17 81 100.0 100.0 100.0 18.3 14.2 67.5 100.0 100.0 100.0 16.5 9.1 74.3 1 Exclusive of petroleum and natural gas, and of 1 slate quarry, for which num- ber of hours was not reported. Engines and power. — As shown by Table 5, the aggregate horsepower employed in the producing en- terprises was 101,759, of which 91,076 was developed by engines and v.^ater wheels o^vned by the enterprises using them, and 10,683 horsepower by electric motors operated by purchased current. Tables PRODCCING enterprises: 1909 CHARACTEE OF POWER. Total. Iron. Petro- leum and natural gas. Lime- stone. All other. Primary power: Aggregate horsepower... 101,769 22,520 41,797 16,980 20,462 91,076 2,283 68,594 1,216 18,213 38 4,269 147 10,683 18,220 124 17,223 6 747 2 250 42 4,300 41,797 1,761 25,378 1.173 16,419 14,277 182 14.139 4 24 4 114 36 2,703 16,782 Steam engines — Number,. 216 11,854 Gas or gasoline engines — 33 1,023 Water wheels- Number.. 32 3,905 Electric motors operated by purchased current — 69 3,680 Electric motors run by current generated by enterprise using ; 81 2,319 30 966 12 211 39 Horsepower . . . 1,142 Comparison of mining industries: 1902-1909. — In order to make comparisons between 1909 and 1902, it is necessary to omit from 1902 figures, as given in the mines and quarries report for that year, statistics for the production of cement and for the operation of enterprises operated by governmental institutions, and to add to the 1909 statistics, figures for the production of lime, which were omitted from the census of mines and quarries in 1909. Such items as are comparable for the two years are presented in Table 6. Table 6 PEODuaNG enterprises 1909 1902 Per cent of in- crease. $0,693,286 $2,647,861 S468, 646 1 $374,435 513,849,494 102,540 14,517,851 $1,627,489 $357,637 $350, 663 $9,682,467 63,963 Royalties and rent of mines 31 Contract work 6 8 Value of products. 43 1 E.xclusive of amount paid to miners compensated by a share of the product and also of the wages of part-time emplovees for the petroleum and natural gas industry, which are included under "Contract work," in Table 7. Duplication between manufactures and mining. — In a number of industries some of the operators sub- jected the products to certain manufacturing processes on the premises before marketmg. These enterprises have been included in the statistics both for manu- factures and for mining. As a result of this fact the combined value of products for the manufacturing and muiing industries in New York involves a duplication of $10,312,289. 788 SUPPLEMENT FOR NEW YORK. DETAILED STATISTICS FOR Table 7 PRODUCING MINES, QUABEIES, AND WELLS. Total. Iron. Petroleum and natural Limestone. Bluestone, Traprock. Number of operators Number of mines, quarries, and wells . Capital 3 Expenses of operation and development Services — Salaried ofBcers of corporations, superintendents, and managers. Clerks and other salaried employees Wage earners Miscellaneous — Supplies Cost of natural gas purcbased and resold Fuel and rent of power Royalties and rent of mines Taxes Contract work Rent of offices and otber sundry expenses Value of products Feisons engaged In industry Proprietors and olHoials Proprietors and firm members Number performing manual labor Salaried officers of corporations Superintendents and managers Clerks and other salaried employees "Wage earners, Dec. 15, 1909, or nearest representative day Above ground Below ground Men 16 jjears of age and over Engineers, firemen, mechanics, etc Above ground Below ground Miners, miners' helpers, quarrymen, and stone- cutters. Above ground Below ground All other employees Above ground Below ground Boys under 16 years of age' ITumber of wage earners employed on the 15th day of each month : January February March April May June July August September October November : December Land controlled, acres. . Owned Held under lease . Mineral and oil land. . Owned Held under lease. Timber land Other land 57 Primary horsepower. 1,356 12,097 845,333,052 $10,004,632 $497,576 J212,089 $4,723,316 $1,889,747 $65, 656 $585, 161 $465, 458 $174,389 $516,642 $874,599 $13,334,975 14, 363 2,651 2,303 665 114 234 286 11,316 9,282 2,034 11,308 1,340 1,298 42 6,317 4,687 1,630 3,651 3,290 361 5,932 6,081 7,057 8,844 10,037 10,667 10,904 11,223 11,279 11,068 10,264 8,640 508,386 316,896 192, 490 335, 140 147, 154 is;7,986 160,265 22,991 101,769 1,351 12,094 $45,171,232 $9,987,768 $495,776 $212,089 $4,717,595 $1,886,937 $65,656 $586, 161 $465,454 $173,989 $513,042 $872,069 $13,334,976 14,230 2,641 2,294 663 114 233 286 11,303 9,269 2,034 11,295 1,336 1,294 42 6,312 4,682 1,630 3,647 3,286 361 5,922 6,071 7,047 8,834 10,027 10, 657 10,894 11,213 11,269 11,053 10,251 8,627 495,679 305,089 190,490 332,733 146,747 185,986 140,085 22,761 101, 759 14 19 $12,613,215 $2,118,267 $81,987 $67,223 $1,001,026 $666,997 $199,817 $62, 668 $51,491 $20,632 $86,427 $3,096,023 2,637 34 1 10 23 61 2,542 1,049 1,493 2,641 356 322 34 1,400 168 1,242 786 669 216 1 1,885 1,922 1,909 1,832 1,792 1,884 2,008 2,175 2,333 2,353 2,387 2,610 247,783 239,664 8,219 95,920 87,701 8,219 131,633 20,230 22, 620 708 11,342 $14,903,354 $1,668,691 $61,726 $26,315 $236,943 $420,408 $65,656 $8,689 $196,802 $64, 657 $405,184 $73,311 $2,668,996 2,087 1,657 1,582 179 34 41 56 374 374 374 291 291 346 334 341 338 384 382 383 370 369 382 374 370 222,503 50,243 172,260' 222,503 50,243 172,260 127 140 $4,169,316 350 413 $702,033 $2,111,662 $119,576 $39,938 $1,230,926 $295,000 $691, 690 $28,292 $6,246 $441,063 $65,939 $146,664 $28,941 $18,934 $33,418 $198,356 $2, 666, 142 3,346 187 105 44 19 63 55 3,104 3,104 $17,517 $30,642 $1,987 $4,963 $94,951 $910, 064 1,667 503 474 381 7 22 11 1,143 1,143 3,099 305 305 1,143 50 50 1,694 1,694 815 815 1,100 1,100 278 278 41,797 1,428 1,467 1,667 2,601 2,988 3,242 3,369 3,644 3,578 3,442 3,180 2,145 3,954 3,479 475 3,349 2,961 388 117 16,980 485 522 605 973 1,187 1,224 1,166 1,182 1,108 1,073 833 531 4,929 3,820 1,109 2,661 1,732 929 1,285 983 1,565 8 8 $1,568,929 $588, 657 $20,048 $13, 647 $272,785 $88,790 $33,665 $70,829 $7,666 $81,227 $755, 128 800 10 1 1 3 12 778 778 776 46 46 394 394 116 81 633 699 747 712 786 766 814 748 773 693 718 418 300 678 398 280 25 16 I Includes operators as follows: Clay, 2; infusorial earth, 1; mica, 1; pyrite, 1; quartz, 1. 8 Exclusive of capital which could not be distributed by states because it was reported in one lump sum by operators having mining investments in two or more states. STATISTICS OF MINES AND QUARRIES. MINING INDUSTRIES: 1909. 789 PKODUCnjQ MINES. QUABEIES, AND WELLS— continued. Nonpro- duoing Sandstone. Granite. Marble. Slate. Gypsum. Talc and soapstone. Graphite. Garnet. Feldspar. Emery. Millstones and chasers. AU other.i mines, quarries, and wells. 1 60 28 10 10 13 6 4 3 3 3 9 6 5 2 62 32 H 10 IS 7 5 4 4 6 9 8 3 3 $885,229 $895,443 $1,065,232 $244,060 $1,811,897 $5,104,033 $661,480 $181,858 $84,950 $16,909 $1,685 $261,619 $161,820 4 $429,698 $385,096 $306,691 $99,424 $917,714 $263,911 $176,454 $98,206 $45,475 $6,523 $6,981 $192,839 $16,764 S 126,135 $22,639 $7,944 $270,316 $34,911 $6,759 $175,233 $3,547 $53,924 $36,442 $21,172 $6,661 $70,128 $7,290 $1,460 $88,026 $3,550 $900 $3,820 $909 $1,044 $6,115 $5,160 $1,800 6 14,027 $468 7 $298,146 $66,911 $402,874 $40,204 $17,656 $2,781 $6,076 $97,514 $5,720 S 9 $30,738 $40,374 $34,793 $10,785 $202,920 $47,945 $39,813 $19,491 $1,793 $218 $140 $30,793 $2,810 10 $11,908 $17,884 $4,934 $24,048 $850 $6,904 $61,671 $23,467 $5,181 $20,793 $21,746 $1,326 $5,795 $3,630 $1,407 $20, 142 11 iS'P $5,784 $6,850 $708 $168 $1,862 $4 12 $2,146 $2,161 $2,878 $405 $6,495 $7,669 $1,181 $4,869 $446 $11 $13 $981 $400 U $30,453 $350 $11,650 $16,569 $1,487 $129,434 $4,905 $26,367 $3,600 14 $17,621 $18,493 $6,620 $74,362 $16,624 $16,647 $16,816 $1,761 $586 $2,530 IS $508,638 $444,436 614 $344,981 326 $99,827 197 $1,048,403 737 $314,724 220 $138,906 190 $101,920 120 $47,166 69 . $16,389 $12,786 31 $171,448 212 16 970 17 23 IV 84 48 24 17 27 14 6 7 6 2 10 6 10 IX 68 25 3 23 9 877 28 8 7 13 10 556 11 2 8 6 8 294 12 6 2 3 1 179 6 2 4 4 10 9 3 3 1 2 6 201 9 19 2 29 12 15 42 668 10 4 11 196 21 5 2 183 2 1 112 2 2 61 2 1 72 23 16 21 13 24 877 556 294 135 341 132 183 112 45 16 21 110 13 2B 44 179 327 668 63 196 16 61 91 201 26 877 556 294 183 112 15 21 13 27 67 57 43 43 40 40 28 23 44 43 4 3 26 26 7 7 7 6 1 1 32 32 4 2R 4 29 6 146 1 263 1 69 1 36 30 740 426 127 84 39 13 21 47 6 31 740 426 127 110 14 7 84 39 36 13 21 5 5 32 35 6 2 4 249 361 284 77 62 122 122 42 122 73 49 33 80 80 87 87 127 127 74 74 66 66 19 4 16 1 1 4 34 4 3li 36 37 30 220 186 87 509 214 147 61 40 5 18 146 10 33 31 226 213 89 S7S 214 135 63 47 4 17 141 10 39 134 265 239 104 686 188 127 62 12 4 20 161 10 40 673 324 245 112 567 166 137 70 16 4 20 158 10 41 868 404 268 128 595 180 148 103 49 5 19 172 10 42 854 491 280 135 676 137 194 104 52 5 19 167 10 43 877 640 300 138 609 177 180 115 47 11 4 184 10 44 853 681 306 132 689 200 116 107 26 13 7 146 10 4fi 787 688 248 149 611 214 123 129 14 13 19 172 10 46 647 696 291 123 628 221 164 129 69 6 18 173 16 47 580 344 268 110 661 202 182^ 115 30 6 18 188 13 48 295 226 262 142 654 191 173 82 31 6 16 201 13 49 1,587 690 313 213 1,824 308 3,246 6,396 144 631 249 1,091 12,807 1,350 237 607 272 656 119 2,734 1,396 4 1 225 301 10,807 2,000 ■il 83 41 213 1,268 189 512 4,000 140 630 24 790 fi2 1,053 630 313 213 1,702 308 843 996 15 631 62 856 2,407 63 54 893 647 272 514 119 331 696 1 33 301 407 160 S3 41 213 1,188 189 612 300 15 630 24 556 2,000 55 56 67 10 524 1,304 2,335 68 4,300 100 125 4 80 107 175 60 10,170 230 60 122 3,379 1,087 410 3,174 3,720 800 316 220 913 8 In the iron mining industry 1 boy was employed below ground. 75140°— 13 51 INDEX TO THE ABSTRACT TABLES. POPULATION. Note.— statistics are given somewhat more frequently for cities of 100,000 inhabitants and over than for those of 2S,000 to 100,000 inhabitants. Where an asterisk (*) follows the reference, cities of 25,000 inhabitants and upward are included, otherwise the figures relate only to cities having 100,000 inhabitants or more. SUBJECT. STATISTICS FOB— United States. Divi- sions. States. Cities (see note above). SUBJECT. STATISTICS FOB — United States. Divi- sions. States. Cities (see note above). Ages, statistics of. . illiterates - - marital condition school attendance vu-ban and rural population.. .'. Alaska, population. See pp. 22 and 62. Aliens, wreign-bom white males Apportionment Area. Austria, mother tongue of persons bom in Belgium. See entries under Coimtry . Blacks Bulgaria, Servia, and Montenegro. See en- tries under Country. Canada. See entries under Country. Center of population China. See entries under Country. Chinese, number Illiterates males 21 years of age and over •^— marital condition school attendance sex See also entries for the group, Indians, Chinese, Japanese, and other Asiatics. Cities, population Citizenship , foreign-bom white males Counties, population. See p. 32. Country of birth, foreign bom urban and rural population. Country of origin, foreign white stock - native whites of foreign or mixed par- Cuba and other West Indies. See entries under Country. Denmark. See entries under Country. Density otpopulation Division otbirth, native population Divorced persons. See Marital condition. Dwellings urban and rural communities England. See entries under Country. Families urban and rural population Females 21 years of age and over (^seealso Sex) Finland. See entries under Country. Foreign bom country of birth Foreign-bom whites country of birth year of arrival Foreign-born whites as a population class, number cities of specified size, number in. . females 21 years of age and over . . . illiterateSjlOyearsofageandover. 10 to 14 years . — males 21 years and over males 21 years of age and over males 18 to 44 years of age marital condition school attendance urban and rural population France. See entries under Country. Germany, mother tongue ofpersons bom in . . Greece. See entries under Country. Hawaii, population. See pp. 32 and 52. Hungary, mother tongue of persons bom in. . Illiterate children 10 to 14 years Illiterate males 21 years of age and over Illiterates in the population, 10 years of age and over urban and rural population Increase, total population urban andrural population Indians, number ■ ages females 21 years of age and over. illiterates • - males 21 years of age and over. . . marital condition school attendance Indians, Chinese, Japanese, and other Asiat- ics combined, number illiterates increase, 1900-1910 -.-.- urban and rural population , -males 21 years of age and over urban and rural population males 18 to 44 years of age Ireland. See entries under Country. Page. 122-132 241 149 224 129 108 26,27 28,29 193 79 30 77-82 239-242 107,110 149 219,221 97 59-75 108 188-191 200 194 208 28,29 174 259,260 260 118 77-83 188-191 77-83 194-200 216 77-83 I 122, 1.126,128 92 118 239-249 254 255,256 110 119 149-156 219-237 100,101 92 193 193 254 255,256 239-245 249 23 55,57 77-82 126 118 239-242 107,110 149 219,221 97 Page. 133 Page. 139, 144* 224 137 117 "29 193 117 26,27 117,114* 82 110 110 117 /19&-198, \ 204 201 198,202 208 29 174 260 260 260 260 118 /196-198, \ 204 83 198-202 216 83 131 92 118 245,249 117 204 117,114* 210,211* 260 261* 260 118 83 204 83,95 210,211* 95* 216 13,95 133 218 95* 118 245 r 245, 1250,251* 256 110 119 156 227-229 100, 101 92 193 193 254 256 245,248 249 23 57 82 256 110 119 257 113, 114* 227, 228 100, 101 256 245,348 257,251* 250,251* 63* 118 'iio' 118 "iio' 99 244 90 92 244 90 244 90 95* 112 119 112 119 99 113, 114* 119 ■99 Italy. See entries under Country. Japan. See entries under Counliy. Japanese, number illiterates males 21 years of age and over. . marital condition school attendance See also entries for the group, Indians, Chinese, Japanese, and other Asiatics. Males, 21 years of age and over 18 to 44 years of age Marital condition urban and rural population. Married persons. See Marital condition. Metropolitan districts. See p. 62. Mexico. See entries under Country. Migration of native papulation, by divisions.. by states Militia age, males of Mother tongue, persons bom in Austria, Ger- many, Hungary, and Bussia Mulattoes Native bom. Native population, bom in each division bom m each state living in each division living in each state Native whites foreign or mixed parentage, country of origin foreign parentage Native whites, foreign or mixed parentage, as a population class, number Page. 77-82 239-242 107,110 149 219,221 97 107-110 119 146-156 163 Page. Page. 110 119 156 110 119 160 113,114* 164,165* cities of specified size, number in. . females 21 years of age and over . . , ilhterates, 10 years of age and over. 10 to 14 years males 21 years and over males 21 years of age and over males 18 to 44 years of age marital condition school attendance urban and rural population Native whites, mixed parentage Native whites, native parentage, as a popula- tion class. See entries under Native whites, foreign or mixed parentage. Naturalized foreign-bom white males Negro population, state of birth Negroes as a population class. See entries imder Native whites, foreign or mixed par- entage. Netherlands. See entries under Country. Norway. See entries under Country. Number of inhabitants urban and rural population Population. See Number of inhabitants. Porto Rico, population. See pp. 22 and 63. Portugal. See entries under Country. Roumania. See entries under Country. Rural population. See Urban and rural population. Russia, mother tongue of persons bom in School attendance Scotland. See entries under Country. Sex ages illiterates marital condition school attendance urban and rural population Single persons. See Marital condition. Spain. See entries under Country. State of birth of native population - . . States, rank in population Sweden. See entries under Country. Switzerland. See entries under Country. Turkey. See entries under Country. Urban and rural population, number 179 119 192 79 77-83 170-174 179 170-174 179 77,80 194-208 77,80 77-83 I 122, [126,128 92 118 239-249 254 255,256 110 119 149-156 219-237 100,101 92 77,80 ' 8 180 22-26 66 193 219-238 97-103 122,126 241 146-153 220-237 103 172 179 119 192 179 119 83 170-174 179 170-174 179 83 208 83 83 131 92 118 245,249 83 'i79 208 83 83,95 133 95* 118 245 {250,251* 256 110 119 156 227-229 100,101 92 117 180 256 110 119 257 113,114* 227,228 100,101 231,233* 193 224-229 117 180 117, 114* 65* 221-238 100, 101 179 • foreign-bom whites, country ofbirth.. year of arrival illiterates males 21 years of age and over marital condition population classes -I — school attendance sex Voting age, males of. urban and rural population Wales. See entries under Country. White population, native, state ofbirth Whites Widowed persons. See Marital condition. 55,56 130, 137 210 218 249 112 163 92 221,222 103 110 112 180 77-82 248 156 225 103 179 22 56 137 201 218 248 160 225 231,233* 104* 139 164, 165* 179 22 66 112 92 229 103 110 112 180 113, 114* 180 82 (791) 792 INDEX TO THE ABSTRACT TABLES. AGRICULTURE. SUBJECT. Acreage, average per tarni — ;— irrigated size of farms, classi^cation . total in fanna white and colored farmers in the South. See p. 301. Alfalfa irrigated acreage Alfalfa seed Almonds Apples Apricots* Asses and buiros, on farms on farms and not on farms not on farms Austria, farmers bom in Avocado pears Bananas Barley irrigated acreage sales of. Beans, dry edible Blackberries and dewberries Broom com Broom-com seed Buckwheat Buildings, value Burros. See Asses and burros. Butter Butter fat Cash tenants Cattle, on farms on farms and not on farms not on farms Cereals Cheese Cherries Chickens. See Poultry. Chicory Chinese fanners Chufas Chufasseed Citrous fruits Clover Clover seed Coarse forage Color and nativity of farmers Colored farmers Com irrigated acreage sales of Cornstalks sold Cotton Cotton seed Cranberries Cream Crops, all crops feedable, sales of irrigated — ^- sales of. Currants Dairy products Dates '. Dermiark, farmers bom in Ditches for irrigation Domestic animals, on farms on farms and not on farms not on farms Domestic animals, poultry, and bees Domestic animals sold and slaughtered. Ducks. See Poultry. STATtSTICS POK— United States. --6 I 280, } 269,2 Emmer and spelt England, farmers bom in Earm mortgages Farm property, value Farmers, by race and nativity. Farms, average acreage classified by size irrigated ■ number Divi- sions. — — tenure classes Feed Feedable crops. See Crops. FertiUzers Figs.: Flaxseed Flower and vegetable seeds. . Flowers and plants Foreign-bom white farmers. . Forest products of farms France, farmers bom in Fruits, orchard small Geese. See Poultry. Germany, larmera bora in . . . Page. 265, 281-283 423 303,304 266-269, 281-283 430,431 39S 416 411 414 320,322 340 338 298 416 416 376,386 439 371 392 312, 336,337 409 408 395 390 265, , 277,280 345-349 347 286 314-316 34fl 338 376,377 345-349 413 408 395 415 297 297,298 376, 378,379 431 371 408 404 406 410 347 360,365 371 429,431 371 409 345-347 416 298 422,426 311,312 340 338 265,277, 281,284 356 353-365 390 298 294 266,276 297,298 266, 280-283 303,304 423 265,268, 281,283 288 371 372 416 394 394 419 297 419 298 411 409 283 304 411 321,322 340 338 298 371 ■ 392 312, 336,337 409 390 I 277, 280 345-349 347 315,316 340 338 377 345-349 413 297 297,298 378,379 371 404 406 423 416 411 414 322 340 338 416 416 386 } 312,3 347 365 371 371 409 345-347 298 312 340 338 277,284 367 363-365 390 298 294 276 297,298 280,283 304 423 288 371 372 419 297 419 298 411 410 408 396 388 277,280 348,349 316 340 338 377 347-349 413 395 415 297 297 379 410 347 370 373 429 410 347,348 426 312 340 338 277 368 355 390 294 276 297 306 423 268 373 373 416 394 394 419 297 419 411 410 SUBJECT. Ginseng Goats and kids, on farms on farms and not on farms . not on farms Gooseberries Grains, cut green irrigated acreage Grapefruit Grapes Grass seed Guavas Guinea fowls. See Poultry. Hay and forage sales of Hemp Hemp seed Honey and wax Hops Horses, on farms on farms and not on farms . "not on farms Hungarian grass Hungary, farmers bom in Implements and machinery Improved land Indian farmers Ireland, farmers bom in . . . Irrigation Italy', farmers bom in Japanese farmers Kahr com and mllo maize . Kumquats Labor on farms Land and buildings Land area Land in farms classified by size of farms . tenure classes Lemons Limes Live stock Loquats Mandarins Mangoes Maple sugar and sirap . MUk Millet Millet seed Mint Mohair Mules, asses, and burros, on farms. on farms and not on farms not on farms Mustard seed Native white farmers Negro farmers Netherlands, farmers bom in Norway, farmers bom in Nursery products Nuts Oats irrigated acreage sales of Olives Oranges Peaches and nectarines Peanuts Pears Peas Pecans ■ Persian or English walnuts . Persimmons Pineapples Plums and prunes Poland, farmers bom in Pomegranates Pomeloes Potatoes irrigated acreage Poultry . STATISTICS POB — United States. 330,331 340 338 409 39S 431 415 414 392,394 416 396-398 371 408 395 356 408 320-322 340 266, 277-284 265,269, 281,283 321,322 340 338 I 277-284 I 269,283 Production. See individual crops and items of live stock products. Pumping plants for irrigation Qumces Raspberries and loganberries Reservoirs for irrigation Rice. . farms irrigated Root forage Rural population Russia, farmers bom in Rye irrigated acreage Scotland, farmers bora in. . 423-429 298 298 391 415 372,374 281-288 266, 269,281 265-269, 281-283 303,304 286,286 415 415 265-284, 310-312 416 415 416 407 345-348 398 395 408 362 293,294 320-322 340 338 395 297 298 298 298 419 416 376, 382,383 431 371 416 415 412 393 412 393 416 416 416 416 413 298 416 415 399,400 431 ( 312, 334-336, I 353-355 422,426 414 409 422,426 376,391 432 398 265,268 298 376,389 431 Divi- sions. Page. 331 340 338 409 414 395 397,398 371 298 391 372,374 }• 269,283 304 ' 286 265-284, 310-312 346-348 398 395 Page. 40S 332 340 338 410 415 414 394 416 397 408 395 366 408 322 340 277,2 423-429 391 415 373 290 306 290 415 415 280,312 416 415 416 407 347,348 352 293,294 1 320-322 340 338 298 419 382,333 408 352 294 322 340 338 419 416 413 399,400 312, 334-336, 353-355 409 391 371 416 415 412 393 412 393 416 416 416 416 413 416 415 400 312,336 426 414 410 426 391 432 INDEX TO THE ABSTRACT TABLES. AGRICULTURE— Continued. 793 SUBJECT. Share tenants Sheep, on farms .., on farms and not on farms notonfarms shearing age Size of farms Sorghum cane .....'.'. Sorghum cane seed Straw sold Strawberries Sugar beets '. ........ - — irrigated acreage Sugarcane Sunflower seed Sweden, farmers bom in '.'. Sweet potatoes and yams Swine, on farms on farms and not on farms not on farms Switzerland, farmers bom In . . Tangerines Teasels STATISTICS FOR — United States. Page. 285 330-332 340 338 350-352 303,304 407 39S 408 409 407 431 406 395 298 399,401 327,328 340 338 298 415 4C8 Divi- sions. 331,332 340 338 360-352 304 395 408 409 410 407 406 39S 298 399,401 327,328 340 338 298 401 328 340 338 408 states. Page. 332 340 338 352 306 SUBJECT. Tenure classes Timothy Timothy and clover mixed Timothy seed Tobacco Tobacco seed Turkeys. See Poultry. Value. See Individual crops and items of farm proi>- erty. Vegetables Wales, farmers bom in Walnuts Wax WeUs for irrigation Wheat irrigated acreage White farmers Wild^ salt, or prairie grasses irrigated acreage Willows Wool STATISTICS FOE— United states. Page. 286-290 403 395 402 298 416 356 422,426 376, 380,381 431 431 408 350-352 Divi- sions. Page. 286-290 398 398 395 403 403 395 402 298 402 416 356 356 426 } 380,381 381 398 408 350-352 States. Page. 200 362 MANUFACTURES— SUBJECTS. SUBJECT. STATISTICS FOB— United States. Industries. All com- bined. Lead- ing. Indi- vid- ual. SUBJECT. STATISTICS FOB— United States. States. Industries. All com- bined. Lead- ing. Indi- vid- ual. Capital Cities, 10,000 inhabitants and over principal Clerks Corporations, establishments operated by Electric motors Establishments, number cities grouped by size cities of 10,000 inhabitants cities, principal classes of ownership classified by number of wage earners . classified by value of product producing products of $1,000,000 Expenses miscellaneous Firms, establishments operated by Gas engines Horsepower, total primary Individuals, establishments operated by. Materials, cost of Ownership, classes of Persons engaged in industry ProductB, value of cities grouped by size cities of 10,000 inhabitants cities, principal Proprietors and firm members Page. ( 438, 1439,525 629 628 452 461-463 471-474 438-446 451 629 828 461 468,469 464 465,467 f 438, [470,471 438 461 471-474 / 438, \472-474 461 438, 439,525 461,463 438, 462,525 438, 439,526 451 529 628 438, ,452,626 Page. > 525 Page. 438,514 Page. 614 474 445,525 452 461,462 471-474 438-445 463 462 472 442,514 467 471 |474, 474 525 525 483 525 464 465 438,470 461 471-474 472,514 416 f 438, ^439, 614 461 452,514 439,514 466 470 472 472,514 463,514 514 625 \462,6 Page. 514 514 514 614 614 514 Hank of industries Salaried employees Salaried officers of corporations. . Salaries, payments for Services, payments for Sex of wage earners Steam engmes Superintendents and managers. Value added by manufacture. . . Page. cities grouped by size cities of 10,000 inhabitants cities, principal classes of ownership Value of products cities grouped by size cities of 10,000 inhabitants cities, principal classes of ownership Wage earners, average number cities grouped by size cities of 10,000 inhabitants cities, principal classes of ownership Wage earners, employed by months. 16 years of age and over, by sex . under 16 years of age Wages paid Water motors Water wheels 438,525 452 438,626 438 467 471-474 462 f 438, 439^46, I 526 461 529 528 461,463 I 438, 1439,526 451 629 628 461,463 I 438, [439, 525 461 629 628 461,463 459 456-457 457 ( 438, 1439,525 471-474 471-474 Page. '"'525' Page. 525 457 474 438,614 462 438,614 438 442 514 453 614 Page. 614 445, 625 471-474 462 438, 442,514 456 472 453 442, 614 514 463 525 461 439,514 463 526 461 ( 438, [439,614 614 457 467 474 474 1439,514 471-474 471-474 460 455 466 614 472 472 514 MANUFACTURES— INDUSTRIES. Page. Agricultural implements 442, 453, 465, 466, 468, 470, 472, 507, 614 Artificial flowers and feathers and plumes 456, 514 Artificial stone *™'f}f Artists' materials 514 Automobiles, including bodies and parts 442, 453, 455, 465, 468, 470, 472, 505, 614 Awnings, tents, and sails ^'^'fjl Axle grease • • 514 Babbitt metal and solder 514 Bags, other than paper 456,514 paper ^^"' ''l^ Baking powders and yeast *^^'fjf Baskets, and rattan and willow ware 514 Beet sugar 460,479,514 Belting and hose, leather 614 woven and rabber - ;„- f Jt Bicycles, motorcycles, and parts 605,514 BiUiard tables and materials...... ._ 614 Blacking and cleansing and poushing preparations 514 Bluing ----■• 514 Bone, carbon, and lamp black 514 Page. Boots and shoes, including cut stock and findings 442, • 453, 466, 460, 466, 468, 470, 472, 494, 614 rubber 456,514 Boxes, cigar 466, 514 fancy and paper 466,614 Brass and bronze products 442, 453, 455, 466, 468, 470, 472, 514 Bread and other bakery products 442, 453, 455, 460, 466, 468, 470, 472, 514 Brick and tile 460, 503, 514 Brooms and brushes 514 Butter, cheese, and condensed milk 442, 453, 465, 466, 468, 470, 472, 476, 514 Butter, reworking 514 Buttons 456,514 Calcium lights 514 Candles 614 Canning and preserving 442,453,455,4 5,468,470,472,476,514 Card cutting and designing 614 Carpets and rugs, other than rag 456, 480, 514 Carjiets, rag 614 Carriages and sleds, children's 514 Carriages and wagons and materials 605, 514 794 INDEX TO THE ABSTRACT TABLES. MANUFACTURES— INDUSTRIES— Continued. Cars and general shop constxuotion and repairs by steam-railroad companies 442, 453, 465, 460, 465, 468, 470, 472, 506, 614 Cars and general sliop construction and repairs by streetrailroad companies. 506, 514 Cars, steam-railroad, not including operations of railroad companies 442, 463, 465, 465, 468, 470, 472, 606, 614 street-railroad, not including operations of railroad companies 507, 514 Cash registers and calculating machines 614 Cement 603,614 Charcoal 614 Chemicals 442,463,466,465,468,470,472,495,514 China decorating 614 Choool£^te and cocoa products 614 Clocks and watches, mcluding cases and materials 456, 614 Cloth, sponging and refinishing 514 Clothmg, horse 456, 614 men's, buttonholes 614 . including shirts 442,453,466,460,465,468,470,472,514 women's 442,463,465,460,465,468,470,472,614 Coffee and spice, roasting and grinding 514 Coffins, bunal cases, and undertakers' goods 614 Coke 496,514 Confectionery , 514 Cooperage and wooden goods, not elsewhere specified 614 Copper, tin, and sheet-iron products 614 Cordage and twine and jute and Unen goods 466, 481, 514 Cordials and sirups 614 Cork, cutting 456,614 Corsets 456 614 Cotton goods, including cotton small waresi '442, 463, 455, 460, 465, 468, 470, 472, 482^ 514 Crucibles 614 Cutlery and tools, not elsewhere specified 514 Dairymen's, poulterers', and apiarists' supphes 514 Dentists' materials 614 Drug grinding 614 Dyemg and finishing textiles 466, 614 Dyestuffs and extracts 497, 514 Electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies. 442, 463, 455, 466, 468, 470, 472, 608, 614 Electroplating 514 Emery and other abrasive wheels. 514 Enameling and japanning 514 Engravers' materials 514 Engraving and diesihking 514 Engraving, wood ■ 514 Explosives 497, 614 Eancy articles, not elsewhere specified 614 Fertilizers 460,498,614 Files 614 Fire extinguishers, chemical 514 Firearms and ammimition 514 Fireworks 466, 614 Flags, banners, regalia, society badges, and emblems 456, 614 Flavoring extracts 466, 614 Flax and hemp, dressed 614 Flour-mill and gristmill products 442, 453, 465, 466, 468, 470, 472, 477, 614 Food preparations 456, 614 Foundry and machine-shop products 442, 453, 466, 460, 465, 468, 470, 472, 614 Foimdry supplies 514 Fuel, manufactured 514 Fur goods 456, 614 Furnishing goods, men's 466,514 Furniture and refrigerators 442, 453, 456, 460, 465, 468, 470, 472, 614 Furs, dressed 514 Galvanizing 614 Gas and electric fixtures and lamps and reflectors 614 Gas, illuminating and heating 442, 463, 465, 465, 468, 470, 472, 499, 514 Glass 504,614 cutting, staining, and ornamenting 614 Gloves and mittens, leather 456, 494, 514 Glucose and starch 499, 614 Glue 514 Gold and silver, leaf and foil 456,514 - — -reducing and refining, not from the ore : 614 Graphite and graphite refining 514 Grease and tallow 514 Grindstones 460,614 Hair work 456,514 Haircloth. 614 Hammocks 514 Hand stamps and stencils and brands '. 514 Hat and cap materials 614 Hats and caps, other than felt, straw, and wool 614 Hats, fur-felt 456,483,514 straw 466,460,614 Hones and whetstones 614 Horseshoes, not made in steel works or rolling mills 614 Hosiery and knit goods 442, 453, 465, 460, 465, 468, 470, 472, 484, 614 House-furnishing goods, not elsewhere specified 456, 514 Ice, manufactured 480,608,614 Ink, printing 614 writing 614 Instruments, professional and scientific 614 Iron and steef blast furnaces 442, 453, 456, 466, 468, 470, 472, 488, 6l4 — bolts, nuts, washers, and rivets, not made in steel works or rolling mills. . 514 — doors and shutters 614 ^— forgings 614 ^— nails and spikes, cut and wrought, including wire nails, not made in steel works or rolling mills 514 steel works and rolling mills 442, 453, 466, 460, 466, 468, 470, 472, 489, 614 Iron and steel pipe, wrought 514 Jewelry 456, 514 Jewelry and instrument cases ". 456, 514 Kaolin and groimd earths 6 14 Labels and tags 614 I apidary work 614 Lard, refined, not made in slaughtering and meat-packing establishments. . . 614 Lasts 514 Lead, bar, pipe, and sheet 614 Leather goods 442,463,465,468,470,472,614 Leather, tanned, curried, and finished 442, 453, 455, 465, 468, 470, 472, 493, 614 Lime 604,514 Liquors, distilled 442,463,455,465,468,470,472,614 ^mait 442,453,456,465,468,470,472,514 Liquors, vinous fj* Locomotives, not made by raihoad companies 614 Looking-glass and picture frames 614 Lumber and timber products 442, 453, 455, 460, 465, 468, 470, 472, 509, 514 Malt 614 Marble and stone work 442,463,465,468,470,472,514 Matches 514 Mats and matting 514 Mattresses and spring beds 614 Millinery and lace goods 456, 514 Mineral and soda waters 514 Mirrors 514 Models and patterns, not including paper patterns 614 Moving pictures 614 Mucilage and paste 514 Musical instruments and materials, not specified 514 Musical instruments, pianos and organs and materials 509,614 Needles, pins, and hooks and eyes 466, 514 Oakum 614 Oil, castor 614 cottonseed, and cake 442, 463, 455, 460, 465, 468, 470, 172, 499, 514 essential 500, 514 linseed 614 not elsewhere specified 514 Oilcloth and Unoleum 514 Oleomargarine 614 Optical goods 614 Pamt and varnish 442,453,465,465,468,470,472,500,514 Paper and wood pulp 442,453,455,466,468,470,472,510,514 Paper goods, not elsewhere specified 456,514 Paper patterns .' 514 Patent medicines and compounds and druggists' preparations 442, 463,465,465,468,470,472,614 Paving materials j . 614 Peanuts, grading, roasting, cleaning, and shelling 456, 514 Pencils, lead 456,614r Pens, fountain, stylographic, and gold : 514 steel . . . 456 614 Petroleurn', reflning .'.".'.' .'.'.'.'.'."!!.'.';.'.";!;!!!;!!! "442,'453,'455,'465,'468,'476,'472, 501 J 514 Phonographs and graphophones 610, 514 Photo-engraving 614 Photographic apparatus and materials 514 Pipes, tobacco 514 Pottery, terrarcotta, and fire-clay products 456, 514 Prmting and pubUshing 442, 463, 465, 460, 466, 468, 470, 472, 611, 514 Pulp goods 514 Pumps, not including steam pumps 614 Eice, cleaning and polishing 460, 477, 514 Roofing materials 514 Rubber goods, not elsewhere specified 514 Rules, ivory and wood 514 Safes and vaults 514 Salt 501,514 Sand and emery paper and cloth 514- 614 and balances 514 Screws, machine 514 wood 614 Sewing machines, cases, and attechments 514 Shipbuilding, including boat building 612, 614 Shoddy 485,614 Show cases 514 Signs and advertising novelties 514 Silk and silk goods, including throwsters 442, 453, 465, 466, 468, 470, 472, 485, 614 Silverware and plated ware 514 Slaughtering and meat packing 442, 453, 466, 465, 468, 470, 472, 478, 514 Smelting and refining, copper 442, 453, 455, 466, 468, 470, 472, 514 lead 442,463,455,465,468,470,472,514 zinc 514 not from the ore 614 Soap 502,514 Soda-watBr apparatus 614 Sporting and athletic goods 614 Springs, steel, car and carriage 514 Stationery goods, not elsewhere specified 456, 614 Statuary and art goods 514 Steam packing 614 Stereotyping and electrotyping 514 Stoves and furnaces, including gas and oil stoves 514 Sugar and molasses, not includmg beet sugar 442, 463,456,460,468,470,472,479,514 Sulphuric, nitric, and mixed acids 602, 614 Surgical appliances and artificial limbs v 456,614 Tinfoil 514 Tin plate and terneplate 491, 614 Tobacco manufactures 460, 614 Toys and games 614 Turpentine and rosin 603, 514 Type-founding and printing materials 514 Typewriters and supplies 514 Umbrellas and canes 456, 514 Upholstering materials 614 Vault lighte and ventilators 614 Vinegar and cider 460, 514 Wall paper 614 Wall plaster 614 Washing machines and clothes wringers 514 Waste 614 Wheelbarrows 514 Whips 514 Windmills 514 Wmdow shades and fixtures 514 Wire : 492,514 Wirework, including wire rope and cable 514 Wood carpet 514 Wood distillation, not including turpentine and rosin , 614 Wood preserving 514 Wood, turned and carved 514 Wool puUmg 514 Wool scouring 1 514 Woolen, worsted, and felt goods, and wool hats 442, 453, 465, 460, 465, 468, 470, 472, 482, 486, 514 INDEX TO THE ABSTRACT TABLES. MINING. 795 SUBJECT. Boys raider 16 employed Capital Clerks and ottier salaried employees Contract work, expense of Corporations, enterprises conducted by Electric motors Engineers, firemen, mechaxilcs Expenses of operation and dOTelopment. . . miscellaneous principal items Firms, enterprises conducted by Fuel and rent of power, cost of Gas engines Horsepower, total primary Hours of labor Individuals, enterprises conducted by Land controlled Mineral and oil land controlled Miners, and miners' helpers, quarrymen, and stone cutters Mines and quarries, number Mines, quarries, and wells, number Operators, number of .'; Ore and natural gas purchased, cost Persons engaged in mining-. \ . . . STATISTICS FOE- United States. Page. 549 641,560 661 641, 545,561 653 566 549 541, 545,560 '541,561 667 653 560 656 f541,666, \567,660 661 663 552 652 549 ' 541 ,542, 560' ' 641, l542,660 660 r 541, l648, 561 States. 560 561 668, 651 660 661 65S 660 } 660 642, 660 642, 660 560 Industries. All com- bined. 549 562 563 [669,663 663 556 549 662 663 569 553 562 656 656,563 651 653 562,562 662 649 662 562 562 663 Lead- ing- Page. 649 562 563 I 659, 1 663 553 656 563 659 663 662 666 661 553 562 662 662 644 562 663 Indi- vid- ual. Page. 662 663 663 663 659 562 662 662 582 663 SUBJECT. Products, value of Proprietors and firm members. . Quantity of minerals produced. Royalties and rent of mines Salaried employees Salaried officers of corporations . Salaried ofilcials Salaries, payments for Salaries and wages Services, payments for Size of enterprises Steam engines Superintendents and managers. Supplies and materials, cost Taxes Timber land Value of products. Wage earners above and below ground . employed by months Wages Water wheels Wells, number STATISTICS FOR- United States. 641, 642,546 641, 648,661 I 641, [646,661 641 648 561 641,560 657 641,646 554-556 656 648,666 f 641. [546,660 552 f541,642, 1645,561 ' 641, ,542,561 649 550,651 541,560 666 641,642 States. 542, 658 661 558, 661 561 660 658 642, 658, 661 642- 561 Industries. All com- bined. ^559, 663 649,563 ■669,563 663 663 662 669 662 654,566 668 558 662 563 552 ■559-663 663 649 660,551 662 656 Lead- ing- 542, 545 649, 563 657 669, 663 563 563 662 669 562 664 665 666 666 562 563 662 669, 663 649 651 562 666 Indi- vid- ual. Page. 659, 663 \ 663 559, 663 563 663 662 559 662 562 663 669- 663 663 562 o